Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of hydration and functional specific gravity of fibrous feed by-products.

Five studies were conducted to evaluate the kinetics of digestion, hydration, and functional specific gravity (FSG) of various feed by-products (FBP) in vitro. The water-holding capacity (WHC) of alfalfa and orchardgrass (1.428 and 1.005 g/g of insoluble DM [IDM], respectively) was higher (P < .05) than the WHC of FBP, which ranged from . 175 for distillers grains to . 481 g/g of IDM for brewers grains pellets. Rate of hydration was the highest in brewers grains pellets and beet pulp (.215 and .252 min-1, respectively), whereas the lowest hydration rates were observed in orchardgrass, corn cob pellets, and soyhulls (.055 to .066 min-1). Loss of associated gasses from feed particles fermented in vitro increased (P < .05) their FSG when the contents of incubation tubes were transferred to pycnometers, compared with that when the incubation was carried out directly in the pycnometers (1.17 vs 1.13) to determine their FSG. Gas produced during fermentation delayed the increase in the FSG of all sources of brewers grains and beet pulp, corn gluten feed, distillers grains, orchardgrass, alfalfa, and wheat middlings but not of corn cob pellets, cottonseed hulls, and soyhulls. Averaged across hours of incubation, the FSG of FBP (except beet pulp) was either higher (P < .05) or tended to be higher than that of alfalfa and orchardgrass. Particle size of FBP did not influence FSG during fermentation in vitro. The WHC and FSG of feeds may be helpful in predicting the rate of passage of feeds through the rumen.
The Probability Distribution of Land Surface Wind Speeds

Theprobabilitydensityfunction(pdf)oflandsurfacewindspeedsischaracterizedusingaglobalnetworkof observations. Daytime surface wind speeds are shown to be broadly consistent with the Weibull distribution, while nighttime surface wind speeds are generally more positively skewed than the corresponding Weibull distribution (particularly in summer). In the midlatitudes, these strongly positive skewnesses are shown to be generally associated with conditions of strong surface stability and weak lower-tropospheric wind shear. Long-term tower observations from Cabauw, the Netherlands, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, demonstrate that lower-tropospheric wind speeds become more positively skewed than the corresponding Weibull distribution only in the shallow (;50 m) nocturnal boundary layer. This skewness is associated with two populations of nighttime winds: (i) strongly stably stratified with strong wind shear and (ii) weakly stably or unstably stratified with weak wind shear. Using an idealized two-layer model of the boundary layer momentumbudget,itisshownthattheobservedvariabilityofthedaytimeandnighttimesurfacewindspeedscan be accounted for through a stochastic representation of intermittent turbulent mixing at the nocturnal boundary layer inversion.
Analysis of prognostic factors of comprehensive geriatric assessment and development of a clinical scoring system in elderly Asian patients with cancer.

PURPOSE To determine the impact of each comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) domain on overall survival (OS) and develop a prognostic scoring system for elderly patients with cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of CGA data collected from 249 consecutive patients with cancer who attended the outpatient geriatric oncology clinic at the National Cancer Center Singapore age 70 years or older was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards method to identify significant prognostic factors within the CGA. A simple nomogram to predict OS was developed using regression coefficients from the multivariate model. Concordance between predicted and observed response of the individual patient score was evaluated by means of Harrell's c-index. Calibration was performed using simulated data via bootstrap. RESULTS Median age of the patients was 77 years (range, 70 to 94 years). In our model, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07), abnormal albumin level (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.15), poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (≥ 2 v < 2: HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.72), abnormal geriatric depression scale status (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.56), high malnutrition risk (high v low risk: HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.87), and advanced disease stage (late v early: HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.98 to 2.95) were independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSION Results confirm the importance of the CGA in assessment of elderly patients with cancer. The development of this nomogram incorporating these prognostic factors helps predict OS of patients, for further intervention.
Anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies

Anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (Abs) recognize three specific ribosomal proteins located in the large ribosome's subunit. The term anti-ribosomal P protein Abs, often shortened in anti-P Abs, is due to the fact that these three proteins, P0, P1 and P2, of 38, 19 and 17 Kd molecular weight, respectively, are phosphorylated. One of the major points of interest of these autoAbs derives from their high specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), their description in other connective tissue diseases (CTDs) being only occasional. In SLE patients, their association with renal and hepatic involvement has been proposed, while the possible association with psychiatric and/or neurological involvement is still a matter of debate. From a serological point of view, a preferential association of anti-P with anti-Sm and/or anti-DNA Abs, possibly due, at least in part, to cross-reactivity, has been suggested. This observation is intriguing since all these autoAbs are considered specific serological indicators of SLE. This review will summarize clinical and serological data on anti-P Abs provided by the main studies published in the last few years and the more recent findings about proteins constituting their targets.
patial and temporal variations in the end date of the vegetation rowing season throughout the Qinghai – Tibetan Plateau from 1982 to

The spatial and temporal variations in the end date of the vegetation growing season (EGS) and their relationships with climate factors across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau yet have not been well researched. In this study, we used the rate of the change in the curvature of the S-curve function which integrated a logistic function and an asymmetric Gaussian function and showed a better performance for fitting the LAI (leaf area index) data to extract the EGS from a long-term time series of AVHRR (advanced very high resolution radiometer) LAI data. The spatial distribution pattern of the EGS averaged from 1982 to 2011 presented a gradual decrease from the southeast to northwest plateau. The various vegetation types showed different phenological EGS timing. The EGS occurred earlier with increasing altitude (slope = −3 day km−1, p < 0.001). Throughout the entire Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, the monthly air temperature and precipitation were positively correlated with the EGS, whereas the monthly sunshine duration showed a negative correlation. At the regional scale, a less pronounced increasing EGS trend (shifting about 1 day over 24 years, p = 0.084) was observed during the entire study period. By analyzing the trend turning points, we found that the EGS occurred later during 1982–1994 (slope = 0.155 day yr−1, p = 0.045) and 1999–2011 (slope = 0.096 day yr−1, p = 0.3), but occurred earlier during 1994–1999 (slope = −0.373 day yr−1, p = 0.049). During 1982–2011, the annual changes of EGS negatively correlated with precipitation (p < 0.1) in June, but positively with precipitation (p < 0.1) in August. As the same time, the annual changes of EGS positively correlated with sunshine duration (p < 0.1) in June, yet negatively with sunshine duration (p < 0.1) in August. During 1982–1994, the annual changes of EGS positively correlated with air temperature (p < 0.01) and negatively with precipitation (p < 0.1) in June. During 1994–1999, the annual changes of EGS only negatively correlated with air temperature (p < 0.05) in August. During 1999–2011, the annual changes of EGS only negatively correlated with sunshine duration (p < 0.1) in August.
A Bayesian approach to model the conditional correlation between several diagnostic tests and various replicated subjects measurements

Two key aims of diagnostic research are to accurately and precisely estimate disease prevalence and test sensitivity and specificity. Latent class models have been proposed that consider the correlation between subject measures determined by different tests in order to diagnose diseases for which gold standard tests are not available. In some clinical studies, several measures of the same subject are made with the same test under the same conditions (replicated measurements), and thus, replicated measurements for each subject are not independent. In the present study, we propose an extension of the Bayesian latent class Gaussian random effects model to fit the data with binary outcomes for tests with replicated subject measures. We describe an application using data collected on hookworm infection carried out in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas State, Brazil. In addition, the performance of the proposed model was compared with that of current models (the subject random effects model and the conditional (in)dependent model) through a simulation study. As expected, the proposed model presented better accuracy and precision in the estimations of prevalence, sensitivity and specificity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population, Environment, and Development

We face major and intimately interlinked problems of population, environment, and development. They are so profound and pervasive that they surely represent a uniquescale challenge for Humankind. The issues and policy responses will preoccupy the best understanding on the part of political leaders and scientists alike during the planning process leading up to the United Nations Conference on Population and Development which is to be held in Cairo from 5–13 September 1994. Scientific aspects are to be addressed at an earlier conference that is to be attended by representatives of some 80 of the world's academies in New Delhi in late October 1993. The present paper reviews the principal factors and analyses relating to the three problems, with emphasis upon their interactive relationships. It concludes with an extended list of strategies to reduce both population growth and environmental degradation—twin challenges to be tackled within a framework of sustainable development, to which both will make critical contributions.
Rapid tryptophan depletion in drug-free depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder.

OBJECTIVE Brain serotonin systems might be involved in the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder. The authors tested whether tryptophan depletion alters the mood of depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder. METHOD Eleven drug-free depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder underwent tryptophan depletion in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Tryptophan depletion was induced by a 24-hour low-tryptophan diet and by ingestion of a tryptophan-free amino acid beverage. During control testing the diet and the beverage were supplemented with tryptophan. Behavioral ratings and plasma total and free tryptophan levels were obtained before the diet started and several times after administration of the beverages. RESULTS The diet and the tryptophan-free amino acid drink reduced plasma total and free tryptophan levels by 79.0% and 87.5%, respectively. Both levels increased during control testing. No significant behavioral changes were induced by tryptophan depletion or control testing. CONCLUSIONS The failure of tryptophan depletion to exacerbate the depressive syndrome suggests that dysfunctional serotonergic activity does not play a primary, direct role in the pathogenesis of winter depression.
Reversible Valproate‐Induced Extrapyramidal Disorders

Summary: We observed transient parkinsonism in 2 young epileptic patients with valproate (VPA) therapy. Complete recovery from extrapyramidal disorder occurred spontaneously in a few weeks. The lack of apparent susceptibility related to age and to VPA dosage, the rapid recovery from the extrapyramidal reaction, and the prevalence of negative signs such as bradykinesia and bradyphrenia can be considered the main clinical findings of this disease process. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of this rare “toxic” reaction remain unknown, although a transient imbalance between functionally reciprocal subgroups of GABA pathways leading to remediable dopa‐mine inhibition might be hypothesized.
Macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a histologic, cytologic, and immunohistochemical study of 3 cases and review of the literature.

CONTEXT The macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is a rare entity described by J. Albores-Saavedra and colleagues in 1991. It is characterized histologically by a predominance of macrofollicles and clinically by a low incidence of metastasis. This entity may represent a source of diagnostic error, since it can be easily misinterpreted as a macrofollicular adenoma or nodular goiter. DESIGN In this study, we describe 3 cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with a macrofollicular growth pattern and review the literature. RESULTS The fine-needle aspiration biopsies in 2 cases showed large cells with optically clear nuclei and nuclear grooves, suggestive of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. In one case, the cytology showed no signs of malignancy. In all cases, the tumors showed a combination of the conventional follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and macrofollicles (diameter, >250 microm) occupying more than 50% of the cross-sectional area. Cytologic features were large, cuboidal cells with optically clear, ground-glass nuclei with smooth outlines, a fine chromatin pattern, nuclear grooves, and pseudoinclusions. The colloid was dense and more eosinophilic than in adjacent normal follicles. In 2 cases, there was capsular or blood vessel infiltration, and one tumor had metastasized to a cervical lymph node. One tumor recurred 1 year later as an anaplastic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed a positivity of the tumor cells for cytokeratins 7, 17, and 19, thyroid transcription factor-1, and galectin-3 and a negativity for cytokeratin 20 and p53. CONCLUSIONS Although it has been suggested that this tumor is a highly differentiated variant with a favorable prognosis, our study shows that its biologic behavior is not conclusive because metastases and recurrences with dedifferentiation may occur.
The extinct order Caloneurodea (Insecta: Pterygota: Panorthoptera): wing venation, systematics and phylogenetic relationships.

— A new interpretation of the wing venation of the fossil insect order Caloneurodea is proposed. Complex fusions of veins are demonstrated, supporting the assignment of the Caloneurodea to the Panorthoptera, i.e. the order is closely related to the Orthoptera. A new diagnosis of the order is proposed. The following taxa are re-described after new interpretation, material or preparation, or are newly described: Caloneura dawsoni Brongniart, 1885 (= Boltonaloneura subtilis (Bolton, 1925) syn. nov.), Gigagramma carpenteri gen. and sp. nov.; Sthenarocera pachytyloides Brongniart, 1885, Pruvostiella lecomtei (Pruvost, 1919), Apsidoneura flexa Carpenter, 1943, Homaloptila similis (Meunier, 1911), Pleisiogramma medialis Carpenter, 1943 (=Pleisiogramma reducta Carpenter, 1943 syn. nov.), Paleuthygramma acuta Carpenter, 1943, Paleuthygramma sharovi sp. nov., Euthygramma parallelum Martynov, 1928 (= Euthygramma curvatum Martynov, 1931 syn. nov.; = Paleuthygrammella aberrans (Martynov, 1938) syn. nov.), Anomalogramma parva Carpenter, 1943, Nanogramma gandi gen. and sp. nov., and Ligogramma sinuosa gen. and sp. nov. The family Gelasopteridae Carpenter, 1976 is revised and its ordinal relationships are discussed. After the proposed phylogenetic frame, mutation(s) occurring in homeotic genes are expected to be responsible of the unusual wing morphology of the Caloneurodea, mixing foreand hind-wing ‘panorthopterid’ features.
Breast milk leptin: its relationship to maternal and infant adiposity.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leptin, the product of the obese gene (ob), is synthesized by adipose tissue and contributes to the regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake. Recently, immunoreactive leptin was reported to be present in human milk. The objective was to determine if there was a relation between breast milk leptin concentrations and adiposity in exclusively breast-fed infants. METHODS Fifty healthy, exclusively breast-fed infants beyond neonatal period, and their mothers were included into the study. Infants whose weight-for-length was above the 90th percentile were defined as obese (n=17), and non-obese if the weight for length between 20-90th percentile (n=33). Anthropometric measurements of infants and mothers were also made and breast milk samples were analyzed for leptin. RESULTS There was no significant difference between breast milk leptin concentrations of obese and non-obese infants' mothers. Breast milk leptin concentrations were significantly correlated with mothers' body mass index when all subjects analyzed. There was no significant correlation between breast milk leptin concentrations and body mass index of infants. CONCLUSIONS Leptin concentrations of human milk are not different in the mothers of obese and non-obese infants. These findings suggests that milk-borne leptin has no significant effect on adiposity during infancy.
Relationship Between Standard Automated Perimetry and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Parameters Obtained With Optical Coherence Tomography

PurposeTo determine the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the outcome of standard automated perimetry (SAP) in normal, ocular hypertensive, glaucoma suspect, and glaucomatous patients. MethodsFour hundred twenty-three patients were enrolled in the study and classified based on basal intraocular pressure, optic nerve head morphology, and SAP results into 4 groups: 87 normal eyes, 192 ocular hypertensive eyes, 70 glaucoma suspects, and 74 glaucomatous eyes. In the different diagnostic groups, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between RNFL parameters and visual field indices, number of points altered at different probability levels, and threshold values at each SAP point. ResultsIn the normal and ocular hypertensive groups, very few mild correlations were found between the OCT parameters and SAP results. The strength and number of significant correlations was increased in the glaucoma suspect group. In the glaucoma group, the correlations were stronger, particularly between the inferior RNFL parameters and the superior hemifield. ConclusionsThe greater the visual field damage, the stronger the correlations between OCT and SAP. There was mild-to-moderate agreement between the structural and functional data assessed by OCT and SAP in glaucoma patients.
Correlation of CMB with large-scale structure. I. Integrated Sachs-Wolfe tomography and cosmological implications

We cross correlate large-scale structure (LSS) observations from a number of surveys with cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) to investigate the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect as a function of redshift, covering z~0.1–2.5. Our main goal is to go beyond reporting detections towards developing a reliable likelihood analysis that allows one to determine cosmological constraints from ISW observations. With this in mind we spend a considerable amount of effort in determining the redshift-dependent bias and redshift distribution (b(z)×dN/dz) of these samples by matching with spectroscopic observations where available, and analyzing autopower spectra and cross-power spectra between the samples. Because of wide redshift distributions of some of the data sets we do not assume a constant-bias model, in contrast to previous work on this subject. We only use the LSS data sets for which we can extract such information reliably and as a result the data sets we use are 2-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) samples, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric Luminous Red Galaxies, SDSS photometric quasars, and NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) radio sources. We make a joint analysis of all samples constructing a full covariance matrix, which we subsequently use for cosmological parameter fitting. We report a 3.7sigma detection of ISW combining all the data sets. We do not find significant evidence for an ISW signal at z>1, in agreement with theoretical expectation in the LambdaCDM model. We combine the ISW likelihood function with weak lensing of CMB (hereafter Paper II [C. M. Hirata, S. Ho, N. Padmanabhan, U. Seljak, and N. A. Bahcall, arXiv:0801.0644.]) and CMB power spectrum to constrain the equation of state of dark energy and the curvature of the Universe. While ISW does not significantly improve the constraints in the simplest six-parameter flat LambdaCDM model, it improves constraints on seven-parameter models with curvature by a factor of 3.2 (relative to WMAP alone) to OmegaK=-0.004-0.020+0.014, and with dark energy equation of state by 15% to w=-1.01-0.40+0.30 [posterior median with “1sigma” (16th–84th percentile) range]. A software package for calculating the ISW likelihood function can be downloaded at http://www.astro. princeton.edu/~shirley/ISW_WL. html.
[Molecular Detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium Species in Pet Dogs].

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium species infection in pet dogs, and identify the G. lamblia assemblages and Cryptosporidium species. METHODS A total of 315 fresh fecal samples were collected from pet clinics in five counties of Anhui Province and in Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province. Hemi-nested-PCR targeting the GDH gene of G. lamblia and nested-PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium were performed in all the fecal samples. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics methods to identify the G. lamblia assemblages and Cryptosporidium species. RESULTS The positive rates of G. lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. infections in the 315 fecal samples were 3.2% (10/315) and 1.6% (5/315), respectively. Specifically, the two indicators were both significantly higher in dogs ≤12 months (17.8% and 11.1%, respectively) than in adult dogs (0.7% and 0.0%)(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the two indicators between male and female dogs. In addition, two G. lamblia assemblages were identified, assemblages B (n=6) and D (n=4). Sequence analysis of PCR products of the SSU rRNA gene showed that the five Cryptosporidium isolates were C. canis (n =5). CONCLUSION The prevalences of G. lamblia and Cryptosporidium infection in pet dogs in Anhui and Zhejiang Provinces were 3.2 % and 1.6 %, respectively. The assemblages of G. lamblia in this study are of types B and D.