Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
to increase condom use among middle-aged and older adults : asystematic review of theoretical bases , behaviour change techniques , modes of delivery , and treatment fidelity

This systematic review collates, examines, and syntheses condom use interventions for middle-aged and older adults. Associations between effectiveness and theoretical basis, behaviour change techniques [BCTs], mode of delivery, and treatment fidelity were explored. Five interventions were included; one was effective. Compared to interventions with non-significant findings, the effective telephone-administered intervention used theory to a greater extent, had a higher number of BCTs, and employed more treatment fidelity strategies. There is a need to develop theory-based interventions targeting condom use among this population and evaluate these in randomised controlled trials that are rigorously designed and reported. Health psychologists have a key role in this endeavour.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Stress fracture injury in female endurance athletes in the United Kingdom : a 12-month prospective study

• This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: DUCKHAM, R. et al, 2015. Stress fracture injury in female endurance athletes in the United Kingdom: a 12-month prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 25(6), pp.854-859, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/sms.12453. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Modelling a high-mass red giant observed by CoRoT

The G6 giant HR\,2582 (HD\,50890) was observed by CoRoT for approximately 55 days. Mode frequencies are extracted from the observed Fourier spectrum of the light curve. Numerical stellar models are then computed to determine the characteristics of the star (mass, age, etc.) from the comparison with observational constraints. We provide evidence for the presence of solar-like oscillations at low frequency, between 10 and 20\,$\mu$Hz, with a regular spacing of $(1.7\pm0.1)\mu$Hz between consecutive radial orders. Only radial modes are clearly visible. From the models compatible with the observational constraints used here, We find that HR\,2582 (HD\,50890) is a massive star with a mass in the range (3--\,5\,$M_{\odot}$), clearly above the red clump. It oscillates with rather low radial order ($n$ = 5\,--\,12) modes. Its evolutionary stage cannot be determined with precision: the star could be on the ascending red giant branch (hydrogen shell burning) with an age of approximately 155 Myr or in a later phase (helium burning). In order to obtain a reasonable helium amount, the metallicity of the star must be quite subsolar. Our best models are obtained with a mixing length significantly smaller than that obtained for the Sun with the same physical description (except overshoot). The amount of core overshoot during the main-sequence phase is found to be mild, of the order of 0.1\,$H_{\rm p}$.
Field spectroscopy for weed detection in wheat and chickpea fields

Weed control is commonly performed by applying selective herbicides homogeneously over entire agricultural fields. However, applying herbicide only where needed could have economical and environmental benefits. The objective of this study was to apply remote sensing to the detection of grasses and broadleaf weeds among cereal and broadleaf crops. Spectral relative reflectance values at both leaf and canopy scales were obtained by field spectroscopy for four plant categories: wheat, chickpea, grass weeds, and broadleaf weeds. Total reflectance spectra of leaf tissues for botanical genera were successfully classified by general discriminant analysis (GDA). The total canopy spectral classification by GDA for specific narrow bands was 95 ± 4.19% for wheat and 94 ± 5.13% for chickpea. The total canopy spectral classification by GDA for future Vegetation and Environmental Monitoring on a New Micro-Satellite (VENμS) bands was 77 ± 8.09% for wheat and 88 ± 6.94% for chickpea, and for the operative satellite Advanced Land Imager (ALI) bands was 78 ± 7.97% for wheat and 82 ± 8.22% for chickpea. Within the critical period for weed control, an overall classification accuracy of 87 ± 5.57% was achieved for >5% vegetation coverage in a wheat field, thereby providing potential for implementation of herbicide applications. Qualitative models based on wheat, chickpea, grass weed, and broadleaf weed spectral properties have high-quality classification and prediction potential that can be used for site-specific weed management.
High Speed Algorithms for Outlier Detection and Classification over Huge-size Network Data Streams

For network intrusion and virus detection, ordinary method s detect malicious network traffic and viruses by examining packets, flow logs or content of memory f any signatures of the attack. This implies that it will be problematical to detect attacks unti l their signatures are created. Addressing unknown attack detection, we developed in this paper a novel network traffic and memory analyzer, by a string kernel based SVM (support vector machine) supervis d machine learning. The proposed method detects a network attack without earlier determined attack signatures. When testing the correctness of our method implementation and SVM optimal configuration, we us d string data from Reuters datasets and compared the experimental results with work in [4]. As th e next step work, we will apply our approach to other network security problems such us testing memory dump and network traffic data.
A Real Time Simulation Optimization Framework for Vessel Collision Avoidance and the Case of Singapore Strait

Safety is a primary concern for the various transport means. For sea transport, this includes various aspects like human safety at sea and at port, and also environmental safety and sustainability. In heavy-traffic regions where the waters are congested and vessels sail very closely together, ensuring these safety needs can be challenging. In this paper, we leverage on the rich information transmitted through the automatic identification system (AIS) and propose, for the first time, an integrated simulation-optimization approach for real time collision avoidance. This enables capturing of stochastic dynamic behavior of vessels for better prediction and fast trajectory optimization for application in real time. Specifically, a realistic agent-based model is developed based on behavioral learning in a real-environment, and incorporated into a fast collision avoidance optimization model in real time to provide robust collision avoidance that is able to account for future stochastic consequences of the actions taken. To achieve this, we develop: 1) a vessel pattern recognition method that mines the rich AIS data to produce realistic trajectory models; 2) an agent-based simulation model to enhance future trajectory prediction; and 3) a fast surrogate-based sampling technique to generate collision avoidance maneuvers for vessel captains in real time. To illustrate the feasibility of the approach, we use the case of the Singapore strait, one of the busiest straits in the world.
Separation of high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) and Lu from rock samples for MC‐ICPMS measurements

The application of multiple collector inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (MC‐ICPMS) to 176Lu‐176Hf and 92Nb‐92Zr chronometry has been hampered by complex Zr‐Hf purification procedures that involve multiple ion exchange column steps. This study presents a single‐column separation procedure for purification of Hf and Lu by ion exchange using Eichrom® Ln‐Spec resin. The sample is loaded in pure HCl, and element yields are not dependent on the sample matrix. For 92Nb‐92Zr chronometry, a one‐column procedure for purification of Zr using Biorad® AG‐1‐× 8 resin is described. Titanium and Mo are completely removed from the Zr, thus enabling accurate 92Zr measurements. Zirconium and Nb are quantitatively separated from rock samples using Eichrom Ln‐Spec resin, allowing measurements of Zr/Nb with a precision of better than ±5% (2σ). The Ln‐Spec and anion resin procedures may be combined into a three‐column method for separation of Zr‐Nb, Hf, Ta, and Lu from rock samples. For the first time, this procedure permits combined isotope dilution measurements of Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, and Lu/Hf using a mixed 94Zr‐176Lu‐180Hf‐180Ta tracer. Analytical protocols for Zr and Hf isotope measurements using the Micromass Isoprobe, a second generation, single‐focusing MC‐ICPMS, are reported. Using the Isoprobe at Münster, 2σ external precisions of ±0. 5ɛ units for Hf and Zr isotope measurements are achieved using as little as 5 ng (Hf) to 10 ng (Zr) of the element. The 176Hf/177Hf and Lu/Hf for rock reference materials agree well with other published MC‐ICPMS and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) data.
Prediction of strand feedstock mechanical properties with near infrared spectroscopy

Wood strands either prepared in the laboratory or from a manufacturing plant were assessed for their ultimate tensile strength, tensile MOE, bending strength, and bending stiffness, and then near infrared spectroscopy was utilized for prediction. The ability to predict ultimate tensile strength and stiffness was generally weaker than bending strength and stiffness, perhaps due to the homogeneous distribution of stresses that occur within the strand during 3-point bending. Prediction of ultimate tensile strength and elasticity of plant based strands were generally weak due to imperfections in the strands that originate during biomass breakdown; however, for laboratory strands, prediction of tensile strength and stiffness was moderate/better. The modulus of elasticity for strands under bending exhibited the strongest correlation (R2 = 0.76). Principal component loadings were assessed, and it was found that the cellulose crystalline- and semi-crystalline-associated wavelengths were most important in predicting the stiffness for both tensile and bending forces; however, the influence of lignin-associated wavelengths increased in importance when predicting bending strength, and it was hypothesized that this was attributable to the plastic response of lignin above the proportional limit in the stress-to-strain curve. This study demonstrates the potential of near infrared spectroscopy to monitor the biomass quality prior to composite manufacture.
Measuring the Change in Zinc Ion Concentration in Eye Tear Fluid between Healthy and Parasite Infected Individuals: Relationship between Zinc Ions in Tear Fluid and Parasitic Infection by Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Infection by soil-transmitted helminths has been correlated with lowered concentration of zinc ions in serum. This study investigated the relationship between changes in zinc ion concentration in tear fluid for healthy versus parasitic infected individuals. The study used a serodiagnosis method to determine the presence of parasite infection. Our results conclude that converse to lowered zinc levels in serum, there is a significant increase in the concentration of zinc ions in eye tear fluids for parasite-infected individuals. These results support our continuing efforts to develop a low-cost, point-of-care diagnostic test specific to helminth infection. This will support the ongoing global anti-worm treatment efforts.
Response of the tectonically erosive south Peruvian forearc to subduction of the Nazca Ridge: Analysis of three‐dimensional analogue experiments

The collision zone of the obliquely subducting Nazca Ridge and the erosive Peruvian forearc is characterized by enhanced tectonic erosion, normal faulting, forearc uplift, and a minor indentation. We apply two three‐dimensional sandbox experiments monitored by an optical particle imaging velocimetry system to decipher the spatial and temporal evolution of forearc deformation. During oblique convergence the rigid model ridge causes a wave of uplift followed by subsidence to shift along the forearc. By varying the strength of the analogue material we demonstrate that the forearc response to ridge subduction, in particular the amount and rate of uplift and wedge indentation, is controlled by the mechanical strength of the forearc. The model using the high‐strength material yields results more compatible with the geological record of the Peruvian forearc. First, the modeled amount of uplift scales to ∼1.2 km in nature, which agrees with ∼1.0 km of uplift recorded by marine terraces. Second, the calibrated model uplift rate of 0.9 km/Myr is similar to the natural rate of ∼0.7 km/Myr. Third, the development of normal faults above the model ridge is in accordance with the style of faulting above the Nazca Ridge. Finally, oversteepening of the uplifted wedge and local slope failure, as observed in the experiment, has also been identified off southern Peru. A comparison between the erosive Peruvian and accretive margins emphasizes that the style of ridge‐induced deformation depends on the forearc strength and crustal structure, which in turn are controlled by the long‐term evolution of the margin's mass transfer regime.
Is meridional circulation important in modelling irregularities of the solar cycle?

Abstract We explore the importance of meridional circulation variations in modelling the irregularities of the solar cycle by using the flux transport dynamo model. We show that a fluctuating meridional circulation can reproduce some features of the solar cycle like the Waldmeier effect and the grand minimum. However, we get all these results only if the value of the turbulent diffusivity in the convection zone is reasonably high.
The Relationship between Social Capital and Organizational Commitment of Employees in Zanjan Education Organization: (A Case Study)

The social capital creates a purposeful system among the members of a group or a community and guides them towards a certain goal. Employees’ commitment to the organization is critical to its success. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and organizational commitment of employees in Education System of Zanjan province. This was a survey and applied research. The population consisted of all employees in Education System of Zanjan (N= 264 people in four levels of organizational posts). Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 157 subjects. The sample was selected using quota stratified sampling method. The social capital and organizational commitment were measured using researcher-made questionnaire and Allen and Meyer’s questionnaire, respectively. The reliability coefficient of social capital and organizational commitment questionnaires was measured to be 0.87 and 0.77, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that the level of social capital and organizational commitment of employees was higher than expected and there was a direct relationship between social capital and organizational commitment. The social relations of studied staff were friendly and informal to achieve the organization's goals and values. These relationships were manifested in the promotion of their social capital and organizational commitment.
Acute toxicity of synyhetic resin effluent to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus [BURCHELL, 1822].

Aquatic pollution as a field has gained a lot of attention over the decades majorly because of the vital role the aquatic environment plays in the human lifecycle. Indusrial wastewaters are often generated and discharged into the environment without treatment. Toxicity of effluents from Synythetic Resin production plant were evaluated in this study. Acute toxicity (96-h LC50) was evaluated using 0.23, 0.31, 0.35 and 0.39 mg/L of the effluent in a renewal bioassay procedure. Physicochemical parameters of the effluent were also evaluated, the values obtained for lead, cyanide, total suspened solid, total hadness, total dissolved solids and alkalinity were higher than the Federal Environmental Protection Agency standard specification for effluent discharge into aquatic environment and as such contributed to the effluent's toxicity. Mortality increased as the concentrations of the effluent increases and 0.355mg/L was obtained as LC50. The research eventually revealed that the synthetic resin effluent has a high level of toxicity to catfish. Deleterious effects such as biomagnification and other abberations may occur in man if exposed to substantial concentration of the effluent.
Hidden Action , Identification , and Task Assignment

Incentives often fail in inducing economic agents to engage in a desirable activity. Sometimes this restriction on implementability can be overcome by assigning tasks differently. This paper shows that any restriction of implementability is caused by an identification problem, describes task assignments that can solve this problem and provides conditions under which such assignments exist. Applying the findings to established and new moral hazard models yields insights into optimal task assignment, uncovers the reason why certain task assignments, such as advocacy or specialization, overcome restricted implementability, and formalizes a wide-spread type of multi-tasking problem. keywords: moral hazard, hidden action, implementation, multi-tasking, identification by task assignment JEL-Codes: D86, M52, J33, D82, M41 ∗wendelin.schnedler@awi.uni-heidelberg.de, Heidelberg University, Department of Economics, Bergheimer Straße 58, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany The author wishes to thank Stanley Baiman, Matthias Blonski, Adam Dominiak, Jürgen Eichberger, Guido Friebel, Paul Heidhues, Alexander Koch, Sebastian Köhne, Michael Kosfeld, Jean-Phillipe Lefort, Paul Milgrom, Dilip Mockerjee, Marc Möller, Julia Nafziger, Nick Netzer, Jörg Oechssler, Michael Raith, Andreas Roider, Richard Saouma, Patrick Schmitz, Heiner Schuhmacher, Uwe Sunde, Christoph Vanberg, Elu von Thadden, and Georg Weizsäcker for valuable discussions. The paper also benefited from comments of participants at seminars in Bristol, Mannheim, Frankfurt, and Paderborn as well as at the annual meeting of the European Economic Association 2009 in Barcelona, the Accounting Research Workshop 2009 in Bern, the Gaming Incentive Systems Conference 2011 in Bonn, and the annual conference of the European Association of Labor Economics 2010 in London.
Tourism routes and gateways : key issues for the development of tourism routes and gateways and their potential for Pro-Poor Tourism

The report briefly discusses ideas of dispersal and concentration related to tourism flows. Firstly, the aims and objectives of dispersal and concentration strategies are explored. This is supported by practical examples, in particular by discussing the development of ‘wine-routes’ in South Africa. Secondly, some key issues and prerequisites for the success of route developments are highlighted. Strategies that are needed to maintain and achieve pro poor objectives of route development are discussed
Information flow in agriculture – through new channels for improved effectiveness

A B S T R A C T Agriculture has undergone significant changes since the industrial revolution. The industrial age and the market economy have moulded agriculture in their image just as much as the characteristics and tools of the information age have recently been transforming its previous operation. Information and communication technology (ICT) take-up in agriculture remains low, and the reasons behind this barely changed in the last 20-30 years. Information technologies are regarded as mediating channels and a vehicle for new services. It is important to research the various aspects of adoption of new information technology, and also not only the use, but the “effective use” of it (Gurstein, 2003). Information-intensive agriculture is fundamentally determined by information, knowledge and the decision-making farmers, in effect the human factor; therefore, studies aimed at the improvement of the situation of agriculture with ICT tools must be centred on the human element.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Selection bias in web surveys

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The haloes of bright satellite galaxies in a warm dark matter universe

High-resolution N-body simulations of galactic cold dark matter haloes indicate that we should expect to find a few satellite galaxies around the Milky Way whose haloes have a maximum circular velocity in excess of 40 km s-1. Yet, with the exception of the Magellanic Clouds and the Sagittarius dwarf, which likely reside in subhaloes with significantly larger velocities than this, the bright satellites of the Milky Way all appear to reside in subhaloes with maximum circular velocities below 40 km s-1. As recently highlighted by Boylan-Kolchin et al., this discrepancy implies that the majority of the most massive subhaloes within a cold dark matter galactic halo are too concentrated to be consistent with the kinematic data for the bright Milky Way satellites. Here we show that no such discrepancy exists if haloes are made of warm rather than cold dark matter because these haloes are less concentrated on account of their typically later formation epochs. Warm dark matter is one of several possible explanations for the observed kinematics of the satellites.
Relating career stage to attitudes towards HR practices and commitment: Evidence of interaction effects?

A dominant theme within the human resource management (HRM) literature concerns the identification of "best practices" that will enhance both organizational performance and employee commitment. Although research exploring the impact of these practices at the level of the individual is considerably limited, it is implied that they may be applied both across and within organizations, yielding favourable outcomes such as higher organizational performance and enhanced employee commitment. This is despite claims that commitment is multidimensional and that certain organizational and individual variables are related to different forms of commitment. It is possible that organizations seeking to promote commitment might need to tailor HR practices to suit employees' needs, thus challenging the best practice perspective at the employee level. This article extends on the literature by examining whether the relationship between attitudes towards HR practices and commitment is moderated by career stage. The empirical research is based on an employee attitude survey within three financial service organizations in Ireland (N = 288). Using hierarchical regression analysis, the findings show that interaction effects are evident regarding attitudes towards HR practices and affective, continuance, and normative commitment. The implications of these findings for the management of commitment are discussed.
Climate signature of solar irradiance variations: analysis of long‐term instrumental, historical, and proxy data

The signature of solar irradiance variations on decadal‐to‐centennial climate variability is analysed by means of statistical analysis of long‐term instrumental, historical, and proxy data sets. Solar variations associated with the Schwabe, Hale, and Gleissberg cycles are detected by their spatial patterns in sea‐surface temperature and sea‐level pressure. Different statistical methods for instrumental and proxy data show that the mode related to solar irradiance fluctuations on multi‐decadal time scales (Gleissberg cycle) is distinct from the Atlantic multi‐decadal mode associated with ocean circulation changes. From this, one can infer the degree to which solar variability has contributed to long‐term temperature variations during the instrumental and pre‐instrumental era. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society