Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologial features of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma

Background: Gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma (GHA), a rare type of primary gastric cancer, is characterized by hepatocellular carcinoma-like histology. As details of this disease remain unknown, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of GHA. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2010, 4563 patients were diagnosed with primary gastric cancer at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center. Ten (0.22%) of these patients were diagnosed with GHA. The clinicopathological characteristics of these patients were collected retrospectively. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 65.5 years, and six patients (60%) were male. Seven patients had lymph node metastasis and five had distant metastasis, with the liver as the most common site (four cases). Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were elevated in seven of eight patients (median: 359.2 ng/ml; range: 4.3-6535.6 ng/ml). Endoscopically, six tumors were classified as Borrmann′s type III cancer with the appearance of fungating mass lesion with a purple, berry-like surface. Of the five patients without distant metastasis, all received curative-intent surgery and four received adjuvant chemotherapy. Four patients with distant metastasis received either palliative operation or chemotherapy, and one patient received neither operation nor chemotherapy due to a poor performance status. The median survival time was 7.2 months (range: 0.7-131.8 months), and the 5-year survival rate was 20%. There was survival benefit in the chemotherapy groups. Conclusions: GHA is a rare subtype of gastric cancer which is prone to lymph node and liver metastasis. Most GHAs appear as Borrmann′s type III fungating mass lesion with a purple, berry-like surface. Although the prognosis of advanced stage GHA is poor, chemotherapy might provide some benefit.
A Novel Segment Classification for Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer to Facilitate Breast‐Conservation Treatment

Breast conservation treatment (BCT) is an appropriate alternative to mastectomy for the treatment of unifocal breast cancer. Multifocal and multicentric breast cancers (MFMCBC) challenge conventional indications for BCT and are often treated with mastectomy. Following progress in treatment strategies for unifocal tumors, there was a movement to evaluate the use of BCT for MFMCBC. Now a growing body of evidence from retrospective data has emerged, demonstrating acceptable local control and overall survival rates with BCT for MFMCBC. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. One of the possible barriers to such trials is the absence of a standardized classification and nomenclature for MFMCBC at this point in time. A novel segment classification is presented in this article in an endeavor to overcome this deficiency and allow future work on this issue.
Process evaluation of a multiple risk factor perinatal programme for a hard-to-reach minority group.

AIM This article is a report of an evaluation of a multiple risk factor perinatal programme tailored to ethnic Turkish women in the Netherlands. BACKGROUND The programme was directed at multiple risk factors and aimed at improving maternal lifestyle, infant care practices and psychosocial health during pregnancy and after delivery. The programme was carried out by ethnic Turkish community health workers in collaboration with midwives and physiotherapists. METHODS Our multiple case study included three Parent-Child Centres providing integrated maternity and infant care. Participants (n = 119) were first and second generation pregnant ethnic Turkish women with relatively unfavourable risk profiles. Data were collected between 2005 and 2008 using mixed methods, including field notes, observations and recordings of group classes, attendance logs, semi-structured individual interviews, a focus group interview, and structured questionnaires. FINDINGS Most participants (82%) were first generation ethnic Turkish; 47% had a low educational level; 43% were pregnant with their first child; and 34% had a minimal knowledge of the Dutch language. The community health workers' Turkish background was vital in overcoming cultural and language barriers and creating a confidential atmosphere. Participants, midwives and health workers were positive about the programme. Midwives also observed improvements of knowledge and self-confidence amongst the participants. The integration of the community health workers into midwifery practices was crucial for a successful programme implementation. CONCLUSIONS A culturally sensitive perinatal programme is able to gain access to a hard-to-reach minority group at increased risk for poor perinatal health outcomes. Such a programme may be well received and potentially effective.
Control of viral rebound through therapeutic immunization with DermaVir

Objective:To reconstitute immune responses capable of eliminating infected cells and suppressing viral load during chronic retroviral infection. Design:A topical, DNA-based therapeutic immunization (DermaVir) was designed to express most of the regulatory and structural viral genes in dendritic cells. Methods:DermaVir alone and in combination with antiretroviral drugs was tested in chronically SIV-infected macaques. Results:DermaVir provided virological, immunological and clinical benefit for SIV-infected macaques during chronic infection and AIDS. In combination with antiretroviral drugs, DermaVir augmented SIV-specific T-cell responses and enhanced control of viral load rebound during treatment interruptions. Conclusions:The results indicate the feasibility of therapeutic immunization even in immune compromised hosts, and suggest that DermaVir can complement antiretroviral drugs to sustain suppression of HIV-1 replication.
DEPICTION OF SMALL VEINS DRAINING INTO THE VEIN OF GALEN USING PREOPERATIVE 3‐DIMENSIONAL NAVIGATION IN LIVING PATIENTS

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to delineate the anatomy of the precentral cerebellar vein, superior vermian vein, and internal occipital vein using reconstructions of computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans with navigation software. These data were compared with previous anatomic and angiographic findings to show the resolution and accuracy of the system. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with intracranial pathologies (50 computed tomographic scans with contrast and 50 magnetic resonance imaging scans with gadolinium) using a neuronavigation workstation for 3-dimensional reconstruction. Particular attention was paid to depiction of the precentral cerebellar vein, superior vermian vein, and internal occipital vein. The data were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS The precentral cerebellar vein, superior vermian vein, and its tributary, the supraculminate vein, were depicted in 52 (52%) patients. The internal occipital vein was delineated on 99 (49.5%) sides and joined the basal vein and vein of Galen in 39 (39.4%) and 60 (60.6%) hemispheres, respectively. Comparing these results with previous angiographic studies, the ability of the neuronavigation system for depicting these vessels is similar to that of digital subtraction angiography. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the possibility of depicting the small vessels draining into the pineal region venous complex using 3-dimensional neuronavigation with an accuracy comparable to that of digital subtraction angiography. This tool provides important information for both surgical planning and intraoperative orientation.
Operative Management and Outcome of Iliac Vessel Injury: A Ten-Year Experience

The purpose of this study is to review demographics and examine and stratify risk factors related to the outcome of operatively treated iliac vascular injuries. We conducted a retrospective review of 78 cases of iliac vessel injury. Patients with blunt and penetrating injury had statistically similar length of hospital stay and intensive care unit stay, incidence of shock, and mortality. Shock on admission and bleeding hematoma are linked, and shock increased mortality with an odds ratio of 5.2 (P = 0.002). A review of operative technique and outcome demonstrated a low mortality of 25 per cent in arterial bypass of an isolated arterial injury versus a mortality of 83 per cent in the combined injury group. Patients treated with primary repair of venous injuries had a lower incidence of shock and mortality compared with patients treated with venous ligation. We conclude that, if matched for severity of injury and physiologic instability, the mechanism of injury does not affect mortality. Shock is the most significant prognostic factor for mortality. Operative management must be based on presence of shock.
Influence of Periodic Surface Nanopatterning Profiles on Series Resistance in Thin-Film Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

In the frame of the development of thin crystalline silicon solar cell technologies, surface nanopatterning of silicon is gaining importance. Its impact on the material quality is, however, not yet fully controlled. We investigate here the influence of surface nanotexturing on the series resistance of a contacting scheme relevant for thin-film crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells. Two-dimensional periodic nanotextures are fabricated using a combination of nanoimprint lithography and either dry or wet etching, while random pyramid texturing is used for benchmarking. We compare these texturing techniques in terms of their effect on the series resistance of a solar cell through a study of the sheet resistance (Rsh) and contact resistance (Rc) of its front layers, i.e., a sputtered transparent conductive oxide and evaporated metal contacts. We have found by four-point probe and the transfer length methods that dry-etched nanopatterns render the highest Rsh and Rc values. Wet-etched nanopatterns, on the other hand, have less impact on Rc and render Rsh similar to that obtained from the nontextured case.
A Novel Peptide with ribonuclease and translation‐inhibitory activities from fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

From the fresh fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom a peptide with a molecular weight of 9 kDa and demonstrating a novel N‐terminal sequence GPCYLVAFYESSGRR was isolated. The isolation procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on CM‐Sepharose and Mono S. The peptide was adsorbed on both types of chromatographic media. The peptide demonstrated a ribonuclease activity of 650 U/mg toward yeast transfer RNA. It inhibited cell‐free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC50 of 15 nM. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty Affect Vertebral Motion Segment Stiffness and Stress Distributions: A Microstructural Finite-Element Study

Study Design. The mechanical behavior of a thoracic motion segment following cement augmentation was studied using the finite-element method. Objective. To examine effects of cement augmentation on motion segment stiffness and load transfer. Summary of Background Data. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures are meant to stiffen and strengthen the vertebral body, but the optimal cement volume and placement to achieve these goals without altering load transfer to adjacent segments are unknown. Methods. A microstructural finite-element model of a vertebral motion segment was constructed from micro-CT images. Microdamage within the vertebral body trabecular structure was modeled using an elasto-plastic modulus reduction scheme. Three motion segment damage models were created: I = 18% apparent modulus reduction (least damage), II = 45%, and III = 85% (most damage); and several one- and two-segment polymethylmethacrylate cement repair strategies (partial fill kyphoplasty, replacement of bone and marrow; and both partial fill and complete fill vertebroplasty, replacement of marrow only) were studied. Average disc and bone stresses and motion segment apparent compressive stiffness were compared with baseline (undamaged and untreated) simulation results. Results. In terms of maximizing stiffness and minimizing stress alterations in the adjacent vertebral body and increasing motion segment apparent stiffness, we found that, other than complete fill, the most effective single-segment cement repair strategy was vertebroplasty on the periphery of the superior segment overlying the disc anulus (<0.1% overall vertebral body bone stress alteration and 83% stiffness increase, respectively, damage Model III). Two-segment vertebroplasty (all repair models) restored motion segment stiffness to baseline levels in all damage models, while single-segment vertebroplasty (all repair models) restored stiffness to baseline levels only in damage Model I. Single- and two-segment kyphoplasty was effective in restoring stiffness to baseline levels for Model I only. Compared with the baseline model, cement augmentation decreased average treated segment bone stresses (up to 66%, complete fill vertebroplasty elasto-plastic modulus reduction Model III), increased average intervertebral disc nucleus stresses (up to 59%, kyphoplasty elasto-plastic modulus reduction Model III), and increased average adjacent segment, endplate region stresses (up to 2.8%, kyphoplasty elasto-plastic modulus reduction Model II). Adjacent (untreated) segment peak bone stresses were increased (up to 45%, kyphoplasty, Model III) in endplate regions underlying the intervertebral disc nucleus. Conclusions. The damage-repair simulations indicated that cement augmentation improves motion segment stiffness but substantially alters bone stress distributions in treated and adjacent segments.
Traffic and Flight Guidance Depiction on a Synthetic Vision System Display: The Effects of Clutter on Performance and Visual Attention Allocation

Fourteen pilots flew a synthetic vision system (SVS) display, through a terrain and traffic-rich environment in a high fidelity flight simulator. Traffic information was hosted on the SVS display. In a 2times2 factorial design, the SVS display hosted a highway-in-the-sky in half the conditions, and hosted an instrument panel overlay in the other half. We examined the effects of the resulting clutter from overlay (but reduced scanning) on routine flight performance, SVS traffic detection, and response to off-normal events, as these were mediated by visual scanning measures of attention allocation. The tunnel greatly improved flight path tracking and traffic detection, but slightly disrupted the detection of unexpected outside world traffic. The instrument panel overlay provided no benefits to tracking and a clutter-related time cost to SVS traffic detection. Visual attention was focused on the SVS display over half the time, and rarely on the outside world, even in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), a source of possible cognitive tunneling.
Circulating plasma cells in multiple myeloma: characterization and correlation with disease stage

The aim of this study was to develop a flow cytometric test to quantitate low levels of circulating myeloma plasma cells, and to determine the relationship of these cells with disease stage. Cells were characterized using five‐parameter flow cytometric analysis with a panel of antibodies, and results were evaluated by comparison with fluorescent consensus‐primer IgH‐PCR.
APOBEC3B and APOBEC3F Inhibit L1 Retrotransposition by a DNA Deamination-independent Mechanism*

The most common transposable genetic element in humans, long interspersed element 1 (L1), constitutes about 20% of the genome. The activity of L1 and related transposons such as Alu elements causes disease and contributes to speciation. Little is known about the cellular mechanisms that control their spread. We show that expression of human APOBEC3B or APOBEC3F decreased the rate of L1 retrotransposition by 5–10-fold. Expression of two related proteins, APOBEC3D or APOBEC3G, had little effect. The mechanism of L1 inhibition did not correlate with an obvious subcellular protein distribution as APOBEC3B appeared predominantly nuclear and APOBEC3F was mostly cytosolic. Two lines of evidence indicated that these APOBEC3 proteins use a deamination-independent mechanism to inhibit L1. First, a catalytically inactive APOBEC3B mutant maintained L1 inhibition activity. Second, cDNA strand-specific C → T hypermutations were not detected among L1 elements that had replicated in the presence of APOBEC3B or APOBEC3F. In addition, lower levels of retrotransposed L1 DNA accumulated in the presence of APOBEC3B and APOBEC3F. Together, these data combined to suggest a model in which APOBEC3B or APOBEC3F provide a preintegration barrier to L1 retrotransposition. A particularly high level of APOBEC3F protein in human testes and an inverse correlation between L1 activity and APOBEC3 gene number suggest the relevance of this mechanism to mammals.
Analysis and synthesis of self-powered linear structural control with imperfect energy storage

Self-powered vibration control systems are characterized by a distributed network of regenerative force actuators, which are interfaced with a common power bus. Also connected to the power bus is an energy-storing subsystem, such as a supercapacitor, flywheel, or battery. The entire system is controlled using switch-mode power electronics, and the only power required for system operation is that necessary to perform these switching operations. The resultant energy conservation constraint restricts the set of feedback laws that are feasible. This paper reports on an LMI feasibility constraint for linear self-powered feedback laws, in terms of actuator and storage hardware parameters. Two design applications of this constraint are illustrated. The first is the determination of the least-efficient energy storage parameters necessary to realize a given passive control law. It is shown that this problem is quasiconvex, and may be posed as a generalized eigenvalue problem. The second example uses an extension of positive-real-constrained H2 optimal control, to optimize a control law subject to the feasibility constraint. Both examples are illustrated in the context of base-excited vibrating structures, subjected to stationary stochastic excitation.
Resistance Exercise Training on Disease Impact, Pain Catastrophizing and Autonomic Modulation in Women with Fibromyalgia

Women with fibromyalgia (FM) often complain of whole-body pain, and muscle fatigue, which may be related to autonomic dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training (RET) on disease impact, pain catastrophizing, and autonomic modulation in women with FM. Women with FM (n=26) and healthy control women (HC: n=9), aged 19–65 yrs, were compared at rest. Women with FM were randomly assigned to a resistance-training group (FM-RT: n=14) or a non-exercising control group (FM-CON: n=12). Women in the FM-RT group underwent 8-weeks of RET on 4 different exercises, 2 times per week, 3 sets of 8–12 repetitions at 50%-60% of the pre-determined 1-repetition max (1RM). Autonomic modulation was assessed using heart rate variability and heart rate complexity. Healthy control women had a lower resting heart rate, decreased normalized low-frequency power, and increased normalized high-frequency power compared to the FM groups at rest. After the 8-week intervention, significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in 1RM were observed for both chest press and leg extension for women in the RT group. Disease impact was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) for participants in the FM-RT group (FM-RT: 59±12 to 41±24 units; FM-CON: 72±7 to71±8 units), but pain catastrophizing was unaltered. There were no significant changes in autonomic modulation after the RET intervention. These data demonstrate that while women with FM may still have autonomic dysfunction after undergoing a RET program, disease impact was significantly reduced.
Neuroprosthetic technology for individuals with spinal cord injury

Abstract Context Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a loss of function and sensation below the level of the lesion. Neuroprosthetic technology has been developed to help restore motor and autonomic functions as well as to provide sensory feedback. Findings This paper provides an overview of neuroprosthetic technology that aims to address the priorities for functional restoration as defined by individuals with SCI. We describe neuroprostheses that are in various stages of preclinical development, clinical testing, and commercialization including functional electrical stimulators, epidural and intraspinal microstimulation, bladder neuroprosthesis, and cortical stimulation for restoring sensation. We also discuss neural recording technologies that may provide command or feedback signals for neuroprosthetic devices. Conclusion/clinical relevance Neuroprostheses have begun to address the priorities of individuals with SCI, although there remains room for improvement. In addition to continued technological improvements, closing the loop between the technology and the user may help provide intuitive device control with high levels of performance.
Does Material Choice Drive Sustainability of 3D Printing

Environmental impacts of six 3D printers using various materials were compared to determine if material choice drove sustainability, or if other factors such as machine type, machine size, or machine utilization dominate. Cradle-to-grave life-cycle assessments were performed, comparing a commercial-scale FDM machine printing in ABS plastic, a desktop FDM machine printing in ABS, a desktop FDM machine printing in PET and PLA plastics, a polyjet machine printing in its proprietary polymer, an SLA machine printing in its polymer, and an inkjet machine hacked to print in salt and dextrose. All scenarios were scored using ReCiPe Endpoint H methodology to combine multiple impact categories, comparing environmental impacts per part made for several scenarios per machine. Results showed that most printers’ ecological impacts were dominated by electricity use, not materials, and the changes in electricity use due to different plastics was not significant compared to variation from one machine to another. Variation in machine idle time determined impacts per part most strongly. However, material impacts were quite important for the inkjet printer hacked to print in salt: In its optimal scenario, it had up to 1/38th the impacts coreper part as the worst-performing machine in the same scenario. If salt parts were infused with epoxy to make them more physically robust, then much of this advantage disappeared, and material impacts actually dominated or equaled electricity use. Future studies should also measure DMLS and SLS processes / materials. Keywords—3D printing, Additive Manufacturing, Sustainability, Life-cycle assessment, Design for Environment.