Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Culture in Family-Owned Enterprises: Recognizing and Leveraging Unique Strengths

Through years of consulting experience and culture research, a fuller picture of family firms began to emerge. It became increasingly clear that family business sustainability and accomplishment were rooted in something deeper, something beyond superficial explanation. Belief in the innate value and uniqueness of family business culture drove collaboration on this project between the disciplines of family business and organizational behavior. The goal was to critically examine family business culture and performance relative to nonfamily firms. The Denison Organizational Culture Survey, a cultural assessment tool that has linked corporate culture to financial performance, was administered to a sample of 20 family businesses and 389 nonfamily businesses, allowing us to compare their cultures. The results showed that the corporate cultures of family enterprises were more positive than the culture of firms without a family affiliation. Family enterprises scored higher on all 12 dimensions of the assessment tool. Despite the small sample, several of these differences were statistically significant. This suggests that family firms perform better because of who they are. In addition, recent research that shows they also perform better because of what they do strategically. Their histories and shared identities provide a connectedness to time-tested core values and standards of behavior that lead to bottom-line success.
[A prediction model for internet game addiction in adolescents: using a decision tree analysis].

PURPOSE This study was designed to build a theoretical frame to provide practical help to prevent and manage adolescent internet game addiction by developing a prediction model through a comprehensive analysis of related factors. METHODS The participants were 1,318 students studying in elementary, middle, and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Decision Tree Analysis using the Clementine program was applied to build an optimum and significant prediction model to predict internet game addiction related to various factors, especially parent related factors. RESULTS From the data analyses, the prediction model for factors related to internet game addiction presented with 5 pathways. Causative factors included gender, type of school, siblings, economic status, religion, time spent alone, gaming place, payment to Internet café, frequency, duration, parent's ability to use internet, occupation (mother), trust (father), expectations regarding adolescent's study (mother), supervising (both parents), rearing attitude (both parents). CONCLUSION The results suggest preventive and managerial nursing programs for specific groups by path. Use of this predictive model can expand the role of school nurses, not only in counseling addicted adolescents but also, in developing and carrying out programs with parents and approaching adolescents individually through databases and computer programming.
SOME CLINICAL FEATURES OF COOLEY'S ANEMIA PATIENTS AS RELATED TO TRANSFUSION SCHEDULES

The clinical remarks presented in this paper are derived from a continuing study of patients with Cooky’s anemia (beta-thalassemia) being carried out principally in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. , and Ferrara, Italy. Many professional colleagues in both cities are collaborating in these activities. Comments will concern a few facets only: variability of the disease in relation to comparative studies; extramedullary hemopoiesis (EMH);* fetal hemoglobin levels; retardation in growth; prognosis with high hemoglobin regimens; and iron deposition and desferrioxamine (DeferaP, CIBA). T o maintain a high hemoglobin level (HH)* typically requires a transfusion of fresh-packed red cells in appropriate amounts every three weeks for smaller children and every two weeks for adolescents and young adults. Maintainance of a medium hemoglobin (MH)* level typically requires a transfusion every five to eight weeks with smaller children and every four to six weeks with older ones. A low hemoglobin (LH)* level is usually associated with single transfusions at infrequent and sporadic intervals.
Valgus Deformity After Fibular Resection in Children

The authors present a retrospective study of 23 patients in their growing period who underwent resection of more than 2 cm of the fibula. Long-term effects in the ankle and tibia were analyzed. The patients were radiologically studied using the contralateral side as control. Representative radiologic findings were distal migration of the fibula head in 75% (but without clinical relevance), thickening of the external tibial cortex in 20%, talar tilt in 45%, proximal migration of the lateral malleolus in 55%, and diaphyseal valgus of the tibia in 20% of the cases. Incomplete regeneration of fibula was observed in 58% of the cases. Two patients suffered a spiral diaphyseal fracture and another a slow physeal fracture of the distal tibia. In this study, many radiologic changes were observed after fibula resection. The authors suggest using reconstruction methods after fibula resection when it is possible.
Simultaneous determination of sweeteners in beverages by LC-MS/MS

A new method was established for the simultaneous determination of 10 sweeteners and a degradation product in beverages by using LC-MS/MS. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used as the LC column and 0.1% each of aqueous formic acid and formic acid in acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase. A simple and rapid determination of sweeteners was possible by diluting with a solvent, and in the case of some samples containing a large amount of foreign matter, after pre-treatment by diluting with solvent and clean-up of the sample using an Oasis HLB cartridge. All the validation results were satisfactory. As the regulations and standards for sweeteners vary from country to country, a field survey of 58 beverages marketed in Japan was performed using the present method. No issues concerning the labelling or food sanitation law were found in the tested samples.
Estimation of a large quantile of the distribution of multi-day seasonal maximum rainfall: the value of stochastic simulation of long-duration sequences

The usefulness of time-series simulation of daily rainfall for estimating large quantiles of the distribution of 10 d seasonal maximum rainfall is questioned. The emphasis is on rare 10 d events having a mean recurrence time much longer than the length of the historical record. Time-series simulation uses nonparametric resampling. With a theoretical example assuming no temporal dependence, it is shown that simulation of a long-duration sequence by resampling from the original historical record using the standard bootstrap method yields a much better estimate of a large quantile of the 10 d seasonal maximum distribution than fitting a Gumbel or Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution to the 10 d seasonal maxima from the original data. This is because a sample of daily values contains more information on the distribution of the 10 d maxima than the individual 10 d seasonal maxima from the sample. Using observed daily rainfall data from Stuttgart (Germany), it is demonstrated that the tail of the distribution of the daily rainfall amounts and temporal dependence strongly influence the distribution of extreme 10 d rainfalls. The incorporation of temporal dependence into the simulated data using nearest-neighbour resampling is considered. Using a firstand second-order resampling model, it is demonstrated that misspecification of the order of dependence may lead to a substantial bias in the quantiles of the 10 d seasonal maximum distribution. It is shown that the underestimation of large quantiles of the distribution of the 10 d maxima, resulting from the inability to generate larger daily values than those observed, is small. Despite these biases, it is expected that, in the case of temporal dependence of daily rainfall data, nearest-neighbour resampling is able to provide reliable estimates of large quantiles of the distribution of multi-day rainfall amounts, as in the example of no dependence.
High-dose leucovorin as sole therapy for methotrexate toxicity.

PURPOSE Hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, thymidine, and carboxypeptidase have been recommended together with high-dose (HD) leucovorin (LV) to treat patients at risk for methotrexate (MTX) toxicity. To elucidate the efficacy of high LV rescue as the sole salvage modality for severe MTX intoxication, we studied 13 patients who were treated in this fashion at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY). PATIENTS AND METHODS To identify patients at high risk for severe MTX toxicity, we performed a retrospective review of all patients with MTX levels greater than 100 micromol/L at 24 hours and greater than 10 micromol/L at 48 hours after HD MTX. RESULTS A total of 13 patients were identified. The median MTX concentration was 164 micromol/L at 24 hours (range, 102 to 940 micromol/L), 16.3 micromol/L at 48 hours (range, 10.5 to 190 micromol/L), and 6.2 micromol/L at 72 hours (range, 1.35 to 39 micromol/L). MTX levels remained greater than 0.1 micromol/L for an average of 11 +/- 3 days (mean +/- SD) (range, 7 to 17 days). In addition to supportive treatment with hydration and sodium bicarbonate administration, all patients were treated solely with HD LV, which was started within the first 24 hours in nine patients, 48 hours in three patients, and 72 hours in one patient in doses that varied from 0.24 to 8 g/d. Significant neutropenia (neutrophil count < 1,000/ microL) occurred in eight patients and lasted for 1 to 5 days. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100,000/microL) occurred in seven patients and lasted for 5 to 10 days. Other toxic manifestations included mucositis of varying degrees, diarrhea, and neutropenic fever, but all patients recovered. CONCLUSION In the range of MTX levels observed, HD LV can be used as a sole therapy for MTX toxicity without the need for extracorporeal removal and with tolerable morbidity.
Hospital-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection amongst ICU and Burn Patients in Kuwait

Objectives: To prospectively study the prevalence of nosocomially acquired Clostridium difficile, a major cause of diarrhoea in hospitalized patients, in the intensive care units (ICUs) and burn unit (BUs) of three teaching hospitals in Kuwait. Methods: During a 1-year prospective study, stool/rectal swabs were obtained from 344 patients admitted into the ICUs of Mubarak Hospital (ICU-1), the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (ICU-2), and the BU of Ibn Sina Hospital. The presence of C. difficile and/or its toxin was detected by serially culturing the specimens on differential, selective and enriched media and the use of TOX-A/B test, on admission and at subsequent 1-weekly interval until discharge. Results: Out of the 344 patients admitted into these units, over a study period of 1 year, only 263 (77%) were evaluable. All of them had negative stool culture/toxin on admission. Overall, 25 (9.5%) of these 263 patients acquired C. difficile during their hospitalization. Thirteen (7%) of 187 patients acquired C. difficile in ICU-1, 9 (36%) of 25 on ICU-2 and 3 (5.9%) of 51 patients in BU. Eight (32%) developed diarrhoea attributable only to C. difficile and/ or toxin, and the remaining 17 (68%) were asymptomatic: none had pseudomembranous colitis. The diarrhoea in these patients was associated with antibiotic use, the main trigger-antibiotics being the third-generation cephalosporins. Acquisition occurred within 4–53 days of admission, with the majority occurring in the first 15 days. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of hospitalacquired C. difficile infection/colonization was less than 10%. The use of third-generation cephalosporins was high and was related to the development of diarrhoea. Once acquired, diarrhoea developed in about one third of C. difficile-positive cases, an indication that C. difficile infection/colonization endemic in the hospital ICUs studied is usually transmitted among the hospitalized pa-
Adjusting for treatment switching in the METRIC study shows further improved overall survival with trametinib compared with chemotherapy

Trametinib, a selective inhibitor of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2, significantly improves progression‐free survival compared with chemotherapy in patients with BRAF V600E/K mutation–positive advanced or metastatic melanoma (MM). However, the pivotal clinical trial permitted randomized chemotherapy control group patients to switch to trametinib after disease progression, which confounded estimates of the overall survival (OS) advantage of trametinib. Our purpose was to estimate the switching‐adjusted treatment effect of trametinib for OS and assess the suitability of each adjustment method in the primary efficacy population. Of the patients randomized to chemotherapy, 67.4% switched to trametinib. We applied the rank‐preserving structural failure time model, inverse probability of censoring weights, and a two‐stage accelerated failure time model to obtain estimates of the relative treatment effect adjusted for switching. The intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis estimated a 28% reduction in the hazard of death with trametinib treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.98) for patients in the primary efficacy population (data cut May 20, 2013). Adjustment analyses deemed plausible provided OS HR point estimates ranging from 0.48 to 0.53. Similar reductions in the HR were estimated for the first‐line metastatic subgroup. Treatment with trametinib, compared with chemotherapy, significantly reduced the risk of death and risk of disease progression in patients with BRAF V600E/K mutation–positive advanced melanoma or MM. Adjusting for switching resulted in lower HRs than those obtained from standard ITT analyses. However, CI are wide and results are sensitive to the assumptions associated with each adjustment method.
Results of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Based on Meniscus and Articular Cartilage Status at the Time of Surgery

We sought to determine how the status of the meniscus and articular cartilage observed at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects results at 5 to 15 years after surgery. Objective follow-up was obtained on 482 patients at a mean of 7.6 years after surgery. Subjective follow-up was obtained on 928 patients at a mean of 8.6 years after surgery. Patients with both menisci present had significantly better KT-1000 arthrometer scores than did patients with any part of the medial or both menisci removed. Stepwise regression analyses determined that a partial or total medial or lateral meniscectomy and damaged articular cartilage significantly lowered the final subjective total score. Patients with both menisci present and normal articular cartilage had a mean subjective total score of 94, and 97% had normal or near normal radiographic ratings on a weightbearing 45° posteroanterior radiographs. The overall International Knee Documentation Committee rating was normal or nearly normal for 204 of 235 patients (87%) with both menisci present, 52 of 74 patients (70%) with partial or total lateral meniscectomies, 71 of 113 patients (63%) with partial or total medial meniscectomies, and 36 of 60 patients (60%) with both menisci removed. We concluded that the long-term subjective and objective results of a successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are affected by the status of the menisci and articular surface.
“To Look at Death Another Way”: Black Teenage Males' Perspectives on Second-Lines and Regular Funerals in New Orleans

The purpose of this study was to describe how Black adolescent males understand “second-line” (musical processions) and “regular”/traditional funeral rituals in New Orleans following the violent deaths of significant persons in their lives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Black males between the ages of 12 and 15 using descriptive phenomenology methodology. Findings revealed that these participants understood death as a cause for celebration, remembrance, and unity related to their experiences with the second-line ritual. Three elements of the life world of Black teenage males were descriptive of second lines, including: a) observed locations of second lines; b) dancing to good music; and c) observed messages conveyed through t-shirts. Participants provided gender-based descriptions of perceived spoken and unspoken rights in grieving at the two distinct rituals. Related to their second-line experience, the teens reflect on ways in which they wish to have their deaths ritualized.
In vitro assessment of marrow ‘stem cell’and stromal cell function in aplastic anaemia

Summary An in vitro model system is described that allows separate assessment of ‘stem cell’and stromal cell function in aplastic anaemia (AA). Seven patients with non‐severe AA, who had responded to immunosuppressive therapy and had haematological evidence of residual marrow function, were studied. Of these, three with otherwise typical AA had an acquired clonal cytogenetic marker. Purified bone marrow haemopoietic progenitors labelled with CD34 monoclonal antibody were positively selected using the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) from both normal subjects and from patients with AA. The generative capacity of the CD34 positive cells was assessed by monitoring the output of granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells (CFU‐GM) in the non‐adherent layer after inoculation onto irradiated preformed long‐term marrow culture (LTBMC) stromas. Stromal function in AA was assessed by inoculating CD34 positive cells from normal bone marrow onto preformed irradiated stromas from patients with AA. Haemopoietic cell (‘stem cell’) function in AA was assessed by inoculating CD34 positive cells from AA patients onto confluent irradiated normal marrow stromas. Using these crossover/LTBMC experiments, all patients exhibited severe defects in haemopoietic cell function with normal functioning stroma. The proportion of CD34 positive cells present in bone marrow from these patients was reduced compared with controls, they comprised fewer small primitive ‘blast‐like’cells which in normal bone marrow are known to possess marrow repopulating ability, and demonstrated reduced clonogenic potential in short‐term colony assays.
Lead Accumulation in Highly Exposed Smelter Workers

The skeleton is the main depot for lead following years of occupational exposure and may contain >90% of the body burden. Skeletal lead acts as an internal source of blood lead (B-Pb). The slow turnover rate of bone lead implies that its concentration in bone is a measure of long-term exposure. Discussions within the European Community (EC) presumably will lead to a new directive with a maximum permissible B-Pb limit of 50 μg/dL (2.4 μmol/L) or 60 μg/dL (2.9 μmol/L) instead of today’s limit of 70 μg/dL (3.4 μmol/L). For lead workers with a long duration of exposure, the endogenous exposure may significantly add to the B-Pb due to recent external exposure. Thus, to understand the consequences of a lower B-Pb limit, it is important to study the relationship between lead in bone and in blood and to relate these to occupational exposure. Information from a German smeltery showed high B-Pb levels and, in view of the proposed new B-Pb limit, the issue of a collaborative study to map the boneand blood-lead levels was raised.
Running head : AUTOMATIC MENTAL STATE DETECTION 1 Automated Mental State Detection for Mental Healthcare

Automatic systems capable of ambulatory monitoring of a person’s mental states have the potential to radically transform mental healthcare. These systems go beyond unintelligent tracking of observable physical states (e.g., ambulatory electrocardiogram) into the realm of intelligent detection of unobservable mental states (e.g., mind wandering, boredom, stress). This chapter discusses the theoretical and technical foundation of automatic mental state detection systems. It provides a few illustrative examples of systems capable of automatically detecting a range of mental states that are particularly relevant to mental healthcare (e.g., stress, depression, pain). It concludes by taking a look at the current state of the art and identifies key challenges that need to be addressed before these systems can enjoy the widespread use needed to have a meaningful impact on people’s lives by improving their mental health.
Metabolic predictors of obesity: cross-sectional versus longitudinal data.

In prospective studies in Pima Indians, four metabolic parameters, which are known to have a familial component, have been found to predict weight gain. These are: (i) low relative resting metabolic rate (RMR, relative to the average predicted rate for body size), (ii) low level of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), (iii) high 24 h respiratory quotient (RQ) and (iv) high insulin sensitivity (IS). Cross-sectional studies show that all four parameters correlate with body size: RMR vs. fat-free mass (FFM), r = 0.87, P < 0.0001; energy cost of SPA vs. weight, r = 0.69, P < 0.001; RQ vs. body fat, r = -0.23, P < 0.05; IS vs. weight, r = -0.38, P < 0.001. When these parameters are adjusted for differences in body size, then the initial value predicts the rate of change in body weight over the subsequent years: RMR (adjusted for FFM, fat mass, age and sex), r = -0.39, P < 0.001; SPA, r = -0.35, P < 0.005 (males); RQ (adjusted for fat mass), r = 0.24, P < 0.01; IS (adjusted for weight), r = 0.34, P < 0.0001. After gaining weight, the original deviation from the value predicted on the basis of the population (e.g. low relative RMR, high RQ and high IS) tends to diminish, suggesting a progressively decreasing physiological drive for further body weight gain. Thus, the high RMR, high energy cost of SPA, low RQ and low IS seen in obesity may act to limit additional weight gain.
Laboratory‐Scale Comparison of Anaerobic‐Digestion Alternatives

Laboratory‐scale digesters were used to perform side‐byside evaluations of alternative digestion systems including thermophilic– mesophilic‐phased digestion (TPAD), acid/methane‐phased digestion, mesophilic digestion, and the performance of the thermophilic stage of TPAD alone. Total detention times in the systems evaluated varied from 8 to 20 days. Temperatures in the mesophilic stage of TPAD were varied from 35 to 43.3°C and temperatures in the thermophilic stage were varied from 55 to 58.9°C. The purpose of the study was to evaluate volatile solids (VS) reduction and thickening properties of the different systems. Parameters evaluated included solids, volatile acids, gas production and quality, various chemical constituents of the sludge, and thickening properties using polymer and ferric chloride plus polymer. The TPAD systems were found capable of higher VS destruction at total detention times of 10 and 12.5 days compared to single‐stage mesophilic or thermophilic digestion at 15 to 20 days. A laboratory‐scale thickening test was performed to evaluate thickening properties. Based on obtaining 95% capture in the test, the polymer demand of mesophilic and acid–methane‐phased digestion was the lowest. The TPAD system required approximately 180% of the dosage of the mesophilic sludge and thermophilic sludge required approximately 310% of the dosage. Temperatures of 40.5 and 43.3 8 C in the mesophilic stage of TPAD were found to increase the polymer requirement and decrease the VS reduction of the TPAD system. Higher temperatures (above 56.1°C) and lower detention times (less than 15 days) in the thermophilic digesters seemed to result in problems with degradation of volatile acids, particularly propionic acid. Water Environ. Res., 76, 360 (2004).