Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Using I-CHAT Medium on Deaf Students Ability to Arrange Sentence Structures

On the initial problem of this study, it was found that the deaf students made mistakes in composing a correct sentence structure. Meanwhile, lecturers require these students to master the correct sentence structure. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of I-CHAT as a learning medium on the students’ ability to write correct sentence structures. This study used a quasi-experimental design research with one group pretest-posttest research design. The subjects of this study were five deaf students of University of Lambung Mangkurat. The data was collected using a test to compile sentence structures related to the course of Child Education with Intellectual Obstacles, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Ranking Test (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test). The results of this study showed that the deaf students’ ability to structure sentences improves from mean score 34 to 54 after learning using I-CHAT media. Statistical calculation using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test proved that there were differences between mean scores of pre-test and post-test of the sample after implementing I-CHAT media. It can be concluded that the use of I-CHAT media improves the ability of the deaf students to structure sentences. Keywords—composing sentence structure, I-CHAT media, deaf students.
The influence of different types of fasting on lipid profile of volunteers from a
 city of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Introduction: Determination of lipid profile includes triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol and fractions as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). These parameters are valuable in the risk assessment of developing cardiovascular disease. However, some pre-analytical factors, such as the fasting state, may interfere with the results of these tests. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences on lipid profile measurements in blood samples collected at different fasting periods in men and women with or without a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Fifty volunteers of both sexes, aged between 22 and 86 years, were evaluated. Sociodemographic data and two blood samples were collected, one after 12 hours fast and another during postprandial period, with subsequent measurement of total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and TG. Results: Comparing the values of the lipid profile obtained in the two collections, it was observed that the total cholesterol and HDL-c did not present significant differences among the evaluated subjects. On the other hand, LDL-c and TG showed significant higher values on postprandial samples, preferably in male group. Conclusion: These data suggest that TG and LDL-c levels are the fractions with greater susceptibility to variations when they are collected without prior fasting.
LESIONS IN THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PAPILLA IN EXPERIMENTAL ANALGESIC NEPHROPATHY

oldest of British universities. There is a group of people centred around zoology and anatomy departments in Oxford, but involving London as well, who are pressing for the serious study of human biology in universities as a necessary preliminary to sociology and eventually as the only effective method of bridging the gap between Snow's "two cultures". The people primarily concerned are Pringle, Harrison, Weiner, Barnicot and Tanner-all sound academics with their feet on the ground. At present they are not specially interested in medicine. In one sense the whole of one's training in medicine is a training in human biology, but it differs rather sharply from what is now regarded as the realm of "human biology" by the group in Oxford. Medicine has necessarily been concerned with anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and their morbid counterparts. All are essentially common to other mammals as well as man. As long as we were essentially concerned only with the impact of the, environment in disease, or with the restoration of physical function by manipulation or surgery, we were not dealing with really human problems. It is characteristic of the present or the immediate past that we have always and rightly gone to the laboratory mammals-mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit -to seek our answers. Human biology in its new sense has as yet had hardly any impact on medicine. It is concerned with those things which are essentially human but which can be looked at in the same general way that biologists can look at what is unique in the situation of any other mammalian species. The human biologist is concerned with the evolutionary history of man, with the physical and functional variations we find within the species and with the way in which these are transmitted by inheritance. He is concerned with the processes of growth, maturation, aging and death, with human numbers, their distribution and change in time: human ecology, that is. Finally and most importantly, he is looking for a new scientifically valid approach to human behaviour to psychology, if you like. There is a rapidly rising Interest in the view that this approach is coming from the science of animal behaviour now called ethology. At the present time there is a spate of interest In the behaviour of the higher primates (chimpanzee and gorilla) in their natural state. However, as in so many other fields, there are great differences of opinion as to how primate behaviour can be related to the behaviour of man's early ancestors. What is apparently accepted by everyone in the field is that human as well as animal behaviour is based on Inheritable conditions which provide the necessary background on which environmental and particularly cultural circumstances can give rise to specific behaviour.
Expression of neuropilin-1 and related proteins in breast cancer.

5034 Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is an isoform-specific receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) in endothelial cells and for class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3) in the nervous system. In breast cancer cell lines, NRP-1 expression through its binding to VEGF165 has been associated with cell survival, invasion and migration. In contrast to endothelial cells, where NRP-1 is thought to work mainly as a co-receptor for VEGF with VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), NRP-1 is most often reported as the only functional VEGF receptor in breast cancer cell lines. This also contrasts with studies in breast cancer tissues in which both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression are reported. We investigated NRP-1 epithelial expression in breast cancer and analyzed its co-expression with VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, PlGF, SEMA3A, through immunohistochemistry staining of a breast tissue microarray containing 16 benign breast lesions, 12 in situ breast carcinomas, 107 invasive breast cancers. Almost no invasive cancer was negative for NRP-1 expression, while 38% were scored as ∼1+, 33% as 2+ and 28% as 3+. Conversely, no benign lesion was 3+, while 50% were negative, 42% 1+ and only 8% 2+. Among in situ cancers, 9% were negative,45% 1+, 27% 2+ and 18% 3+. The differences between benign breast, in situ breast carcinomas and invasive breast carcinomas were highly significant (p=0.00003). The staining for PlGF, with an antibody recognizing both isoforms, didn’t show significant differences for the three kind of lesions. Although SEMA3A expression was weakest of all, a significant (p=0.012) trend of increasing expression from benign breast lesions, to in situ carcinomas to invasive carcinomas was observed. VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 all showed significantly increased expression in invasive breast cancers compared to benign breast lesions, although the prevalence of staining varied in the in situ breast lesions. All the stainings significantly correlated with each other (p≤0.0001), but with different scores. NRP-1 expression was most strictly correlated with VEGFR-2 (r=0.66) and VEGF (r=0.53) expression. SEMA3A expression was correlated with VEGF and VEGFR-2 as well, while PlGF expression correlated best with VEGFR-1, of which it is the ligand. These results show that NRP-1 is at least moderately expressed in over 60% of malignant breast epithelium, in significantly higher amounts than in benign and pre-invasive breast lesions. As NRP-1 expression correlates with VEGFR-2 and VEGF, NRP-1 may function in breast cancers as in endothelial cells, as a co-receptor with VEGFR-2 for VEGF. These data suggest that both malignant epithelial cells and endothelial cells may be targets of anti-angiogenesis therapies in cancer.
Responses in the guinea pig optic nerve four hours after stretch-injury.

Morphological and quantitative morphometric analysis of changes 4 hours after traumatic axonal injury (TAI) in stretch-injury to guinea pig optic nerve fibres, a model of human diffuse axonal injury (DAI), demonstrated that the response of different sizes of axons/fibres with particular respect to the axonal cytoskeleton differed. The site of maximum axonal/fibre damage was found to be in the middle rather than the prechiasmatic portion of the guinea pig optic nerve. The number of axons with a diameter 2.00 mum) compaction of neurofilaments did not occur, but rather there was a significant increase in spacing between neighbouring, neurofilaments, referred to as "dispersion", that was associated with a significant loss of their number. In a small proportion of larger fibres, in which periaxonal space(s) occurred, there was, however, compaction of neurofilaments rather than an increase in their spacing. This was associated with a significant reduction in both axonal calibre and the g-ratio, but without any change in the number of myelin lamellae. Longitudinal thin sections revealed that there were local foci of compaction of neurofilaments along the length of some nerve fibres that were separated from regions where the appearance of the fibre was close to normal. At these foci, compaction of neurofilaments was associated with the occurrence of large holes in the axolemma, separation of the axolemma from the remnants of the cytoskeleton and loss of the close relationship of the axolemma to the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath at these foci was grossly disrupted and expanded to form a "balloon-like" appearance. The response of microtubules differed from that of neurofilaments after stretch-injury. There was an apparent increase in spacing between microtubules in fibres with an axonal diameter less than 1.50 ? im and decrease in their number in fibres with axonal diameter less than 2.00 mum, however these changes were not statistically significant. There was a significant increase in spacing between microtubules in fibres with an axonal diameter greater than 1.50 mum. There was a loss in their number in both larger fibres (diameter > 2.00 mum) with dispersion of neurofilaments and those with periaxonal space(s) where compaction of neurofilaments occurred. It is hypothesised that there is a spectrum of axonal damage. At milder levels of injury there is misalignment of the cytoskeleton, at more severe levels compaction of neurofilaments, loss of microtubules and fragmentation of the axolemma. Morphological and morphometric analysis provided novel data which demonstrated that (i) the response by neurofilaments differed in different sizes of axons/fibres, (ii) that the neurofilament response differed along the length of the same axon, and (iii) the response by microtubules to stretch-injury differed from that of neurofilaments. The present study provides the first evidence that there is indeed a spectrum of pathological changes in different sizes of axons/fibres 4 hours after traumatic axonal injury to guinea pig optic nerves.
Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices about Malaria among Communities in Southern Benin

Malaria still remains the main public health problem in Benin. We explored the determinants that influenced malaria treatment as well as protective behaviors, to generate a framework of useful ideas as alternative strategies against malaria. A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) was conducted at Hozin, Vakon and Agblangandan districts in southern region of Benin. Descriptive statistics were computed and mixed logistic regression helped evaluating the relationship between frequency of each category of severity of malaria and sex group, educational level, treatment, means of self-protection against mosquitoes and identification of the cause of malaria. A significant proportion 750 (81.3%) (p<0.001) of participants stated that malaria was caused by mosquitoes. The respondents who mentioned sun as the cause of malaria, have trivialized more malaria in a proportion of about 59.30% (OR=2.67 [95% CI 1.61-4.44]) followed by those who have reported the cause of body weakness (43.68%) (OR=2.97 [95% CI 1.68-5.28]). Poor knowledge justifies the trivialization of the disease and poor management of malaria control means. National Malaria Control Programs should improve access to education, especially for women and could help improving prevention and control behaviours against malaria in communities.
Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Educational Staff about Cardiovascular Diseases

Background and Aim: Lack of knowledge about correct life style and prevalence of unhealthy behaviors play an important role in increasing cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine knowledge, attitude and performance of educational staff about cardiovascular diseases. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was done in 2007 in selected educational districts of Tehran affiliated to ministry of education. In this study, 703 teachers and health instructors participated. Multi-stage sampling was used and the data was collected by a self-report questionnaire consisting 20 awareness questions and 15 attitude questions about cardiovascular risk factors, and 21 questions about performance in diet, physical activity and smoking. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and test-retest reliability within a 10 days period. Results: The results showed that 67% of the subjects had good knowledge of and 83.8% of the subjects had positive attitude towards cardiovascular risk factors. The majority of the subjects had moderate or weak performance in nutrition (71.6%) and physical activity (64.4%). Also, 77.7% of the subjects had no smoking history. There was a significantly statistical positive relationship between knowledge and attitude of the subjects (P(cid:4)0.0001). Conclusion: According to the findings, although knowledge and attitude of educational staff about cardiovascular risk factors was good; their performance in some aspectss was not acceptable. Therefore, it is suggested to provide effective educational programs for improving the nutrition and physical activity status for teachers and prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases .
Histologic fixatives suitable for diagnostic light and electron microscopy.

: The merits of formaldehyde, formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde combinations, and glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffers have been compared as fixatives that will give easy and satisfactory preservation of tissues for routine automated histologic processing and yet keep them suitable for electron microscopical studies after prolonged storage at room temperature. We recommend a combination of 4% commercial formaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde in a buffer of 176 mOsm/liter. Tissue sections should not exceed 3 mm in width, and tissues to be examined by electron microscopy should be taken from the outside of the tissue sections. All special stains performed at light microscopical level gave satisfactory results. The fixative should be stored at 4 C and is stable for at least three months. The superior cross-linking features of glutaraldehyde are retained, while the concentration of glutaraldehyde is low enough not to substantially obscure the PAS reaction.
Prevalence of bacterial and Candida albicans infection amongst women attending Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria

Bacterial and other pathogens often infect the female genital tract causing disease in most women, sometimes with severe complications. A number of vaginal infections present with few or no symptoms and yet could still be transmissible to sexual partners of infected persons. Poor socio- economic status, lack of diagnostic facilities and shortage of effective treatment all contribute to the high incidence of sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections. In this study we investigated mixed bacterial and Candida albicans infections in antenatal and gynecology attendees in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria. Seventy-five high vaginal swab specimens were collected from female patients (18-49 years) attending ante-natal and gynecology clinics of the hospital. Specimens were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Wet preparations were examined microscopically for presence of white blood cells (WBC) which suggested an infection, and yeast cells. The swabs were inoculated on MacConkey, Blood, and Chocolate agars, incubated at 37°C for 24 h, as well as Sabouraud Dextrose agar, incubated at room temperature for a few days. Of the seventy-five specimens analyzed, 56 (74.7%) isolates were from symptomatic patients while 25 (44.6%) were from asymptomatic patients. C. albicans was the most isolated pathogen with 35 (47.7%) isolates, followed by Staphylococcus aureus with 25 (29.8%), E. coli, 11 (13.1%),Klebsiella spp, 5 (6.0%) Enterococcus faecalis, 4(4.8%), Proteus spp 3 (3.6%) andPseudomonas aeruginosa, 1(1.2%). This analysis revealed that candidiasis caused by C. albicans and infection with S. aureus is still the major health problems among females in this locality. The need for regular check-up at the clinics as well as personal hygiene is highly recommended in order to forestall avoidable infections. Key words: Bacteria, Candida albicans, infection, antenatal, gynecology, attendees, Irrua, Nigeria.
Walking With a Robotic Exoskeleton Does Not Mimic Natural Gait: A Within-Subjects Study

Background Robotic exoskeleton devices enable individuals with lower extremity weakness to stand up and walk over ground with full weight-bearing and reciprocal gait. Limited information is available on how a robotic exoskeleton affects gait characteristics. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine whether wearing a robotic exoskeleton affects temporospatial parameters, kinematics, and muscle activity during gait. Methods The study was completed by 15 healthy adults (mean age 26.2 [SD 8.3] years; 6 males, 9 females). Each participant performed walking under 2 conditions: with and without wearing a robotic exoskeleton (EKSO). A 10-camera motion analysis system synchronized with 6 force plates and a surface electromyography (EMG) system captured temporospatial and kinematic gait parameters and lower extremity muscle activity. For each condition, data for 5 walking trials were collected and included for analysis. Results Differences were observed between the 2 conditions in temporospatial gait parameters of speed, stride length, and double-limb support time. When wearing EKSO, hip and ankle range of motion (ROM) were reduced and knee ROM increased during the stance phase. However, during the swing phase, knee and ankle ROM were reduced when wearing the exoskeleton bionic suit. When wearing EKSO, EMG activity decreased bilaterally in the stance phase for all muscle groups of the lower extremities and in the swing phase for the distal muscle groups (tibialis anterior and soleus) as well as the left medial hamstrings. Conclusions Wearing EKSO altered temporospatial gait parameters, lower extremity kinematics, and muscle activity during gait in healthy adults. EKSO appears to promote a type of gait that is disparate from normal gait in first-time users. More research is needed to determine the impact on gait training with EKSO in people with gait impairments.
Traducción y validación del índice de calidad de vida gastrointestinal (GIQLI)

OBJECTIVE: To translate into Spanish and validate the GIQLI, a health related quality of life questionnaire for gastrointestinal diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with a diagnosis of cholelithiasis, on waiting list to undergo a cholecystectomy, from three public hospitals, were included in this study. All patients were requested to fulfill the GIQLI and the SF-36 before and three months after the intervention. The validity, reliability and responsiveness of the GIQLI were studied. RESULTS: 353 patients completed both questionnaires before and after the intervention. The GIQLI was able to discriminate among levels of severity, measured by the number of previous biliary colics, between those with less (total GIQLI score: 102.7) or more than 6 colics (89.2). GIQLI domains correlated with those of the SF-36 (Pearson correlation coefficient from 0.58 to 0.79). Internal consistency of its domains was good (Cronbach alpha from 0.70 to 0.86). Responsiveness, measured by the standardized response mean, of the GIQLI ranged between 0.45 to 0.82, better than the generic questionnaire SF-36 (0.20 a 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: GIQLI translation into Spanish provides with a new tool to measure quality of life on gastrointestinal diseases. Our results support the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the GIQLI Spanish version.
Assessing Dynamic Value for Safety Gear During a Rock Climbing Task

Value is a component of the SEEV model of attention combined with measures of salience, effort, and expectancy to characterize areas of interest in a visual workspace. In the current project, an assessment of dynamic value was created by prompting rock climbers to assess their post-hoc priority for placing safety gear at various points during a climb when the risk of injury from a fall varied. Analyses determined that, for expert and non-expert rock climbers, gear placement priority rose as time since the most recent gear placement increased, after controlling for climbing speed. Prediction of the attentional value of a target via dynamic estimates may be applied in other highly dynamic environments.
The Risk Factors of Pneumonia Disesase at Babies Under Five Years Old Based on Measles Imune Status and Breast Freeding Exclusive Status

The amount of pneumonia case toward children under five years old tends to increase in Surabaya city every years. It is one of the big ten disease attacked to children in ganesa room Bhakti Dharma Husada hospital during 2011–2013. The purpose of this research to analyze the risk factors of those children based on measles imune status and breast freeding exclusive status. This kind of research is analytical observational within case control designed. The sample of this research consist of 20 case sample (the injuries children of pneumonia) and was taken from totally population and 40 control sample (not injuries children of pneumonia) was derived from random sampling. The independent variable are measles imune status and breast freeding exclusive status, even though the dependent variable is pneumonia disease at children under five years old. The data analysis by calculating odds ratio and using statcalc in the level 95% confidence interval. The result of this research showed that the most injuries children of pneumonia are male of 1–<2 years old. Those the children who didn’t get measles imune can be attacked pneumonia disease for 10,23 higher than children get measles imune; 95% CI (1,60–107,95) and the last the children who didn’t get breast freeding exclusive can be attacked pneumonia disease for 7,00 higher than children that get breast freeding exclusive; 95% (1,82–29,49). The importance of raising the awareness of parents regarding measles immunization and exclusive breastfeeding can prevent occurrence pneumunia in infants. Keywords: pneumonia disease at babies under five years old, measles imune status, and Breast Freeding exclusive status