Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time trends in mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: nationwide population based cohort study

Objective To examine short and long term time trends in mortality among patients with early onset (age 0-14 years) and late onset (15-29 years) type 1 diabetes and causes of deaths over time. Design Population based nationwide cohort study. Setting Finland. Participants All Finnish patients diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes below age 30 years between 1970 and 1999 (n=17 306). Main outcome measures Crude mortality, standardised mortality ratios, time trends, and cumulative mortality. Results A total of 1338 deaths occurred during 370 733 person years of follow-up, giving an all cause mortality rate of 361/100 000 person years. The standardised mortality ratio was 3.6 in the early onset cohort and 2.8 in the late onset cohort. Women had higher standardised mortality ratios than did men in both cohorts (5.5 v 3.0 in the early onset cohort; 3.6 v 2.6 in the late onset cohort). The standardised mortality ratio at 20 years’ duration of diabetes in the early onset cohort decreased from 3.5 in the patients diagnosed in 1970-4 to 1.9 in those diagnosed in 1985-9. In contrast, the standardised mortality ratio in the late onset cohort increased from 1.4 in those diagnosed in 1970-4 to 2.9 in those diagnosed in 1985-9. Mortality due to chronic complications of diabetes decreased with time in the early onset cohort but not in the late onset cohort. Mortality due to alcohol related and drug related causes increased in the late onset cohort and accounted for 39% of the deaths during the first 20 years of diabetes. Accordingly, mortality due to acute diabetic complications increased significantly in the late onset cohort. Conclusion Survival of people with early onset type 1 diabetes has improved over time, whereas survival of people with late onset type 1 diabetes has deteriorated since the 1980s. Alcohol has become an important cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes, and the proportion of deaths caused by acute complications of diabetes has increased in patients with late onset type 1 diabetes.
Assessment of glucose meter performance at the antenatal diabetes clinic: exploration of patient-related and pre-analytical factors

Background To assess glucose meter performance in a diabetes antenatal clinic, focussing on clinical and pre-analytical factors that might impact on the quantification of meter accuracy and precision. Methods The Freestyle Lite and the Performa glucose meters were assessed by trained researchers. Finger stick glucose was measured and compared with plasma venous glucose, obtained from a concomitantly collected antecubital fossa sample. Venous plasma was separated on-site then sent to the laboratory for measurement of glucose using the hexokinase method (comparative method). Additional data collected included: (i) timing of and also (ii) quantity of last carbohydrate intake; (iii) time periods between collection, preparation and analysis of the venous sample; (iv) the haemolysis index of the plasma sample and (v) haematocrit. Results There were 104 participants. Both meters fulfilled ISO 15197 standards, with 99% and 97% of Freestyle Lite and Performa results, respectively, falling within acceptable limits for this standard. Both meters showed minor proportional bias, reading low at higher glucose values. Consensus error grid analysis showed 100% of results from the Freestyle Lite and 99% from the Performa falling within Zone A, thus the observed differences in measured capillary and venous plasma glucose were sufficiently minor that they would have little effect on clinical action. No association was observed between [capillary-plasma] glucose difference and the five variables outlined above. Conclusions The two glucose meters tested showed a reassuringly acceptable level of performance, when assessed by a research team in the setting of a diabetes antenatal clinic.
Bone and fall-related fracture risks in women and men with a recent clinical fracture.

BACKGROUND Worldwide fracture rates are increasing as a result of the aging population, and prevention, both primary and secondary, is an important public health goal. Therefore, we systematically analyzed risk factors in subjects with a recent clinical fracture. METHODS All men and women over fifty years of age who had been treated in the emergency department of, or hospitalized at, our institution because of a recent fracture during a one-year period were offered the opportunity to undergo an evidence-based bone and fall-related risk-factor assessment and bone densitometry. The women included in this study were also compared with a group of postmenopausal women without a fracture history who had been included in another cohort study. RESULTS Of the 940 consecutive patients, 797 (85%) were eligible for this study and 568 (60%) agreed to participate. The prevalence of fall-related risk factors (75% [95% confidence interval = 71% to 78%]; n = 425) and the prevalence of bone-related risk factors (53% [95% confidence interval = 49% to 57%]; n = 299) at the time of fracture were higher than the prevalence of osteoporosis (35% [95% confidence interval = 31% to 39%]; n = 201) as defined by a dual x-ray absorptiometry T score of <or=-2.5 in the spine and/or hip. The fall and bone-related risk factors were present irrespective of the fracture location, patient age, or gender. An overlap between bone and fall-related risk factors was found in 50% of the patients. After adjusting for age, weight, and height, we found that women with a fracture more frequently had a diagnosis of osteoporosis (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.0 to 4.1) and had a more extensive history of falls (odds ratio = 4.0; 95% confidence interval = 2.7 to 5.9) than did the postmenopausal women without a fracture history. CONCLUSIONS Men and women over fifty years of age who had recently sustained a clinical fracture had, at the time of that fracture, bone and fall-related risk factors that were greater than the risk predicted by the presence of osteoporosis. Risk factors were overlapping, heterogeneous, and found in multiple combinations. This was the case regardless of the patient's age, fracture location, or gender. These findings suggest that an integrated bone and fall-related risk-factor assessment is a preferable means for identifying elderly subjects at risk for fracture. Integrated bone and fall-related risk assessment and treatment studies are needed to document this proposal.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and the bilirubin uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase gene: The common −3263T > G mutation of phenobarbital response enhancer module is not associated with the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Japanese

Abstract Background : Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is frequent and severe in Japanese newborns. Previously, it has been reported that half of the Japanese neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia carried the 211G > A (p.G71R) mutation of the bilirubin uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) gene causing Gilbert syndrome. Recently, it was reported that the −3263T > G mutation in the phenobarbital response enhancer module in UGT1A1 was associated with the majority of cases of Gilbert syndrome. The gene frequency of the −3263T > G mutation was determined and the relation with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Japanese was studied.
Behavioural and autonomic induction of prostaglandin E‐1 fever in squirrel monkeys.

1. Prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) was injected into the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) area of the squirrel monkey. 2. Increases in rectal temperature (Tre) produced by PGE1 injections of 20 ng to 500 ng were dose‐dependent. 3. When ambient temperature (Ta) was below the thermoneutral zone, increases in Tre were produced entirely by increases in metabolic rate. With Ta at the upper end of the thermoneutral zone, increases in Tre were produced by vasoconstriction in addition to lesser increases in metabolic rate. 4. During sessions of behavioural temperature regulation, PGE1 injections were followed by the selection of a higher Ta, increased skin temperature and subsequent increases in Tre. 5. PGE1 injections produce dose‐dependent increases in Tre which are similar regardless of ambient temperature or whether behavioural or autonomic means are utilized to raise the heat content of the body.
Childhood Rhabdomyosarocoma with Anaplastic (Pleomorphic) Features: A Report of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study

The plemorphic subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is now rearely diagnosed in both children and adults. Most cases previously called pleomorphic RMS are probably diagnosed as something else, most often embryonal RMS in children and malignant fibrous histicytoma in adults. To analyze the concept of plemorphic RMS in children, we reviewed the tumors of patients enterd on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS I, II, and III). The presence of cells with lobated, hyperchromatic nuclei at least three times larger than the common tumor cell population (anaplastic cells) was selected as the main criterion. Of about 3,000 cases, 110 showed these types of cells, had sufficient histologic material, and had available follow-up data. These tumors were divided into two subgroups: Subgroup I tumors contained only scattered anaplastic cells, and tumors with foci or large sheets of anaplastic cells were classified as subgroup II. Besides the anaplastic-pelmorphic areas, most of these tumors had distinctive features of embryonal RMS (105 cases) and rarely had-characteristies of alvelar RMS (five cases). The age distribution of these patients did not differ significantly from those whose tumors did not show the anaplastic features. the average being 6 years and the median 4 years. Lower extermity, retroperitoneum, and the head and neck region were the most common primary tumor sites. The 5-year surival rate was 60% for subgroup I tumors and 45% for subgrup II tumors compared with the survial rate of 68% for 482 IRS II embryonal RMS cases with no anaplastic-pleomorphic features. The lower survival rate for patients in subgroup II was statistically significnt (p = 0.004) and similar to the unfavorable survival of patients with alveolar RMS and undifferntiated sarcoma. Because anaplastic cells are seen in many soft tissue sarcomas and in both embryonal and alveolar RMS in children, this feature is not sufficiently untisual to separate a pleomorphic subtype of RMS. The presence of anaplastic cells in aggregates of diffuse sheets throughout the tumor, however, portends a poor survival for these patints.
Direct costs of ankylosing spondylitis and its determinants: an analysis among three European countries

Objective: To assess direct costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To determine which variables, including country, predict costs. Methods: 216 patients with AS from the Netherlands, France, and Belgium participated in a two year observational study and filled in bimonthly economic questionnaires. Disease related healthcare resource use was measured and direct costs were calculated from a societal perspective (true cost estimates) and from a financial perspective (country-specific tariffs). Predictors of costs were assessed using Cox’s regression analysis. Results: 209 patients provided sufficient data for cost analysis. Mean annual societal direct costs for each patient were €2640, of which 82% were direct healthcare costs. In univariate analysis costs were higher in the Netherlands than in Belgium, but this difference disappeared after adjusting for baseline differences in patients’ characteristics among countries. Longer disease duration, lower education, worse physical function, and higher disease activity were predictors of costs. Mean annual direct costs from a financial perspective were €2122, €1402, and €941 per patient in the Netherlands, France, and Belgium, respectively. For each country, costs from a financial perspective were significantly lower than costs from a societal perspective. Conclusion: Direct costs for AS are substantial in three European countries but not significantly different after adjusting for baseline characteristics among countries. Worse physical function and higher disease activity are important determinants of costs, suggesting better disease control might reduce the costs of AS. The difference in costs from a societal and financial perspective emphasises the importance of an economic analysis.
Nomenclature , Taxonomy , Reproduction and Life Cycle of the genus Haematococcus , Haematococcaceae , Chlorophycea

The motile, unicellular green alga Heamatococcus has come into prominence in recent years as a possible candidate for mass production for its red pigment, astaxanthin. The present paper summarizes the available information on nomenclature, taxonomy, morphology, life cycle and ultra-structure, which have so far been left out of the many reviews on this interesting alga.
Increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in leukocyte DNA in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

PURPOSE This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). The level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized DNA base common in cells undergoing oxidative stress, was measured in leukocyte DNA from patients with LHON and normal control subjects. METHODS The 8-OHdG and deoxyguanosine (dG) content in leukocyte DNA from 25 patients with LHON with an 11778 mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutation, 14 asymptomatic maternal relatives, and 27 unrelated normal control subjects were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection methods. RESULTS The mean 8-OHdG/10(5) dG ratio from leukocyte DNA was 1.34 +/- 0.99 in patients with LHON, 1.00 +/- 0.91 in their asymptomatic maternal relatives, and 0.31 +/- 0.20 in normal control subjects, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean 8-OHdG/10(5) dG ratio between patients with LHON and normal control subjects and between asymptomatic maternal relatives and normal control subjects. The difference between patients with LHON and asymptomatic maternal relatives did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LHON with an 11778 mtDNA mutation had higher oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative stress has a key role in the pathogenesis of LHON.
Expression profiles of six circulating microRNAs critical to atherosclerosis in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a clinical study.

CONTEXT Increasing evidence shows that subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with atherosclerosis (ATH), but the association remains controversial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to be involved in atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia as gene regulators. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the expression profiles of six serum miRNAs critical to atherosclerosis in SCH patients and reanalyze the association between atherosclerosis and SCH from a new perspective. OUTCOMES, DESIGN, AND PARTICIPANTS: MicroRNA profiling analysis was performed by real-time PCR in normal control subjects (NC; n = 22); patients with subclinical hypothyroidism alone (SCH; n = 20); SCH patients plus atherosclerosis (SCH+ATH; n = 21); and patients with atherosclerosis but without subclinical hypothyroidism (ATH; n = 22). RESULTS MiR-21-5p was up-regulated in SCH, SCH+ATH, and ATH groups than in the NC group. In addition, expression levels of miR-21-5p in SCH+ATH group were higher than in SCH alone and ATH alone groups, respectively. Both miR-125a-5p and miR-126-3p showed a decreased trend from NC to SCH and then to SCH+ATH or ATH subjects. MiR-221-3p and miR-222-3p were decreased in the SCH+ATH and ATH groups compared with either the NC or SCH groups. No differences were found in the levels of miR125a-5p, miR126-3p, miR221-3p, and miR222-3p between the ATH and SCH+ATH group. CONCLUSIONS MiR-21-5p showed the most specific expression patterns in all patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH and SCH+ATH groups). Down-regulation of miR-125a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-222-3p may be a manifestation of atherosclerosis either in SCH+ATH or in ATH-alone patients. MiR-126-3p has the most specific expression patterns in all atherosclerosis patients (SCH+ATH and ATH groups).
Heritability of production and reproduction traits in colored synthetic broiler breeder chicken of Odisha, India.

Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics,College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Department of Poultry Science,College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. *Corresponding author. e mail: drgdnayak@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Breeding program in Odisha was started in 1994 to improve productivity of coloured synthetic broiler breeder chicken. The pedigree in the current study descended from 69 sires and 552 dams. Genetic parameters were estimated using sire and dam component of variances for various production and reproduction traits after necessary corrections for hatch effects were done. Heritability in male was found to be 0.232 ± 0.615 for body weight at 5 week while it was high (0.718 ± 0.129) in female. Age at first egg showed a low heritability (0.127 ± 0.131) estimated from sire component and was 0.191 ± 0.336 estimated from dam component of variance. Heritability for egg numbers up to 40 weeks laying was 0.624 ± 0.439 when estimated from dam component of variance but, was negative from sire component. Heritability value for body weight at 20 week of age (male) was very high but it was low in females (0.035 ± 0.134) when estimated from sire component of variance. Egg weight had a very high heritability value (0.644 ± 0.265) but egg shape index had a low value (0.150 ± 0.240) when estimation was from sire component. The comparative r g values among 5 week body weight, 20 week body weight, ASM, egg weight, egg production were significant (p < 0.05). These traits seemed to have additive effect of genes and utilizing them as selection traits would improve both egg production and growth performance of breeder broiler chicken.
[Uterine fibroids embolization: results about 454 cases].

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of uterine arterial embolization (UAE) as primary treatment in the management of symptomatic leiomyomas. PATIENTS AND METHOD UAE was performed on 454 patients (age range: 21-68) with menorrhagia, bulk-related symptoms or both, due to leiomyomas. The effectiveness of this therapy in the control of symptoms and reduction of uterine and leiomyoma volume was measured by clinical and imaging controls at 3, 6 and 9 months after the procedure. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-three patients were evaluated, and 42 failures were observed (9.6%). Six months after the procedure, 391 patients were symptom-free. Follow-up ultrasonic examination showed an average reduction of 55% in dominant myoma volume at 6 months, 70% at 1 year. Twenty-seven women became pregnant (30 pregnancies). Complications related to procedure, and requiring surgery, occurred in three cases. Principal complications are amenorrhoea and fibroid sloughs. Severe complications are rarely found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION UAE is an efficient therapy in the management of symptomatic myomas and proves to be a valid alternative to surgical procedure. The future of this mini-invasive and conservative technique appears to be a very promising one.
Femoral acetabular impingement.

d d f t fi f h Femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) is a clinical term used to describe abnormal contact between the femoral head and the acetabular labrum during normal or athletic activity.1,2 Over the past decade, there have been few diseases that have garnered as much debate and controversy as FAI. As of the writing of this manuscript, there have been 400 PubMed citations related to the diagnosis and treatment of this and related diseases. Despite the plethora of literature dedicated to this topic, controversy still exists in terms of its clinical relevance, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment.3-6
Improper Renal Dosing in Long-Term Care Facilities

Objectives: With advancing age, physiologic changes occur that affect drug metabolism. Possibly the most predictable function decline in geriatric population is renal function. Methods: The prescribing habits of physicians and the attention given to patient renal function was investigated. Data was collected from two nursing facilities in southeastern Georgia. Results: Based on two models of prescribing habits and using logistic regression estimates, we concluded that physicians do not follow recommendations for dose adjustment of renally excreted medications in these two facilities. Conclusion: We recommend that physicians consider evaluating current medications and establishing a base line for renal function and degree of decline.
Newborn Adiposity by Body Mass Index Predicts Childhood Overweight

Objective: To evaluate the association between adiposity at birth and in infancy with overweight at age 5 years. This study hypothesizes that adiposity at birth as approximated by body mass index (BMI) predicts childhood fatness. Methods: Anthropomorphic data from birth to 5 years were used to calculate BMI percentiles. Multiple logistic regression assessed the association between BMI percentile ≥85% at 2 weeks and BMI percentile ≥85% at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months. Results: Elevated BMI at age 2 weeks ≥85th percentile was associated with significant increases in risk of overweight at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months of age. Infants with a BMI at age 2 weeks ≥85th percentile had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.79, 6.50) and an adjusted risk ratio of 2.12 (95% CI = 1.71, 2.61) of being overweight at 60 months of age. Conclusions: Adiposity at birth as approximated by BMI is a significant predictor of overweight at 5 years.
Removal of phosphorus from water using lignocellulosic material modified with iron species from acid mine drainage

Abstract Lignocellulosic biosorbents, including jumper fiber, show promise as sorbents for removing pollutants from wastewater runoff because of their low cost. In this study, juniper fiber modified with iron species from acid mine drainage (AMD) was tested for its capacity to remove phosphorus from water compared to unmodified juniper fiber. In batch tests, the maximum adsorbate loading (Qmax) of phosphorus onto the modified adsorbent was 1.83 mg g‐1 at pH 4.0, obtained by fitting the isotherm results to the Langmuir isotherm model. This value is similar to the sorption capacity of other conventional adsorbents such as goethite, which implies that the modified lignocellulosic material would be effective as a sorbent for removing phosphorus from water. In the kinetic test, the pseudo‐second order kinetic model fitted well the sorption of phosphorus onto the modified filter medium, showing the kinetic constant (k) of 8.09 x 10‐2 g(mg min)‐1 at initial phosphorus concentration of 10 mg 1‐1.