Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tactics for Constructing Visions about Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

Background Many qualitative studies focus on the ways healthcare technologies affect situated practices. Although these studies are undeniably important, it is equally important to pay attention to visions about these technologies. This article investigates the media discourse surrounding electronic health record (EHR) initiatives in Northm America.Analysis Drawing upon Bruno Latour’s (1987) framework for analyzing the process of constructing scientific facts, this article examines the tactics through which media discourses construct visions of EHR technologies.Conclusions and implications The analysis shows how these are used to highlight the potential of EHR initiatives in spite of weak empirical evidence. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how visions can be constructed and to support specific agendas by encouragingm and discouraging particular interpretations, expectations, and practices. RÉSUMÉContexte De nombreuses études qualitatives portent sur les manières dont les technologies des soins de santé affectent les pratiques situées. Bien que ces étudesm soient incontestablement importantes, il est tout aussi important de se soucier des visions envers ces technologies véhiculées par des parties intéressées. Cet article examine le discours médiatique sur certaines initiatives nord-américaines envers les dossiers de santé informatisés (DSI). Analyse Cet article s’inspire du cadre développé par Bruno Latour (1987) pour analyser lamconstruction du savoir scientifique. L’article a recours à ce cadre afin d’examiner les tactiquesnemployées par les médias pour développer des visions particulières à l’égard des technologies DSI.Conclusions et implications L’analyse montre comment certains médias vantent lepotentiel d’initiatives DSI sans fournir de données empiriques à l’appui. L’article montre en outre comment ces médias construisent leur perspective en encourageant ou endécourageant certaines interprétations, attentes et pratiques, et ce sous l’influence de partiesnprenantes particulières.
White blood cell count correlates with mood symptom severity and specific mood symptoms in bipolar disorder

Objective: Immune alterations may play a role in bipolar disorder etiology; however, the relationship between overall immune system functioning and mood symptom severity is unknown. Methods: The two comparative effectiveness trials, the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiatives in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder Study (Bipolar CHOICE) and the Lithium Treatment Moderate-Dose Use Study (LiTMUS), were similar trials among patients with bipolar disorder. At study entry, white blood cell count and bipolar mood symptom severity (via Montgomery-Aasberg Depression Rating Scale and Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale) were assessed. We performed analysis of variance and linear regression analyses to investigate relationships between deviations from median white blood cell and multinomial regression analysis between higher and lower white blood cell levels. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Results: Among 482 Bipolar CHOICE participants, for each 1.0 × 109/L white blood cell deviation, the overall Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale severity increased significantly among men (coefficient = 2.13; 95% confidence interval = [0.46, −3.79]; p = 0.013), but not among women (coefficient = 0.87; 95% confidence interval = [−0.87, −2.61]; p = 0.33). Interaction analyses showed a trend toward greater Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale symptom severity among men (coefficient = 1.51; 95% confidence interval = [−0.81, −3.82]; p = 0.2). Among 283 LiTMUS participants, higher deviation from the median white blood cell showed a trend toward higher Montgomery-Aasberg Depression Rating Scale scores among men (coefficient = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = [−0.22, −2.89]; p = 0.09), but not among women (coefficient = 0.34; 95% confidence interval = [−0.64, −1.32]; p = 0.50). When combining LiTMUS and Bipolar CHOICE, Montgomery-Aasberg Depression Rating Scale scores increased significantly among men (coefficient = 1.09; 95% confidence interval = [0.31, −1.87]; p = 0.006) for each 1.0 × 109/L white blood cell deviation, whereas we found a weak association among women (coefficient = 0.55; 95% confidence interval = [−0.20, −1.29]; p = 0.14). Lower and higher white blood cell levels correlated with greater symptom severity and specific symptoms, varying according to gender. Conclusion: Deviations in an overall immune system marker, even within the normal white blood cell range, correlated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder, mostly among males. Studies are warranted investigating whether white blood cell count may predict response to mood-stabilizing treatment.
Autologous versus allogeneic unrelated donor transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: comparative toxicity and outcomes.

For patients with high-risk or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lacking a related histocompatible donor, autologous (Auto) and unrelated donor (URD) transplantation are available options. We compared outcomes and toxicities in 712 patients with ALL (517 URD, 195 Auto) in first complete remission (CR1) or second complete remission (CR2) who underwent transplantation. All patients were <50 years old, although URD patientswere younger (median age, 14 versus 18 years, P < .002). The proportion of patients in CR1 versus CR2 was similar (36% versus 38%, P = .57), but more URD recipients than Auto recipients had high-risk karyotypes (25% versus 13%, P = .003) and white blood cell (WBC) counts > or =50 x 10(9)/L (33% versus 14%, P < .001). Engraftment was similar in URD and Auto recipients. Ex vivo purging delayed but did not prevent engraftment after Auto transplantation. Transplantation-related mortality was higher after URD transplantation (42%+/-8%) than after Auto transplantation (20%+/-12%) in CR1 (P = .004) and also in CR2. Conversely, relapse was more frequent after Auto transplantation in CR1 (Auto, 49%+/-12% versus URD, 14%+/-5%) and CR2 (64%+/-8% versus 25%+/-5%) (P < .0001). These findings showed net similar outcomes for these 2 transplantation choices. Transplantation in CR1 yielded similar 3-year survival rates for URD (51%+/-7%) and Auto (44%+/-12%), as did transplantation in CR2 (40%+/-6% versus 32%+/-9%, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis identified significantly better disease-free survival after the first 6 months in matched URD versus Auto in younger patients, in those in CR2 with CR1 >1year, WBC <50 x 10(9)/L, performance status > or =90%, and in those who have undergone transplantation since 1995. These comparative data suggest that both matched URD and Auto transplantation can yield extended survival. Although URD transplantation offers substantially better protection against leukemic relapse, improvements in allotransplantation safety and refinements in patient selection are required to better aid treatment decision making for the best overall survival.
Basophil CD63 expression assay on highly sensitized atopic donor leucocytes—a useful method in chronic autoimmune urticaria

Background The autoimmune subclass of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CU) has been characterized by the occurrence of biologically relevant IgG antibodies against the IgE molecule or the α chain of the high‐affinity Fcɛ receptor (FcɛRIα) on basophils and mast cells. These antibodies are usually detected by autologous serum skin testing and confirmed by histamine release studies, immunoblotting, or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, but not always.
ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINES FOR PREVENTION OF POSTSPLENECTOMY SEPSIS. AGE AND SEX ARE RISK FACTORS: A FIVE‐YEAR RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW

Background: Vaccination, education and use of long‐term antibiotics are recommended in expert guidelines for the prevention of infectious complications after splenectomy. However, studies outside Australia have shown poor adherence to the guidelines. The aim of this study was to determine overall adherence to the guidelines and to ascertain any independent risk factors for poor compliance with the guidelines.
Nasal Epithelial and Inflammatory Response to Ozone Exposure: A Review of Laboratory-Based Studies Published Since 1985

This article summarizes biological events in human and animal nasal epithelium after short- and long-term exposure to ozone, the principal agent in photochemical smog. Despite anatomical and histological interspecies differences, ozone exposures resulted in common nasal qualitative alterations with an anterior-posterior gradient of phenomena occurring immediately, and with a lag time postexposure: epithelial disruption and increased permeability, inflammatory cell influx, and proliferative and secretory responses. Described mechanisms of toxicity included a direct effect of ozone on epithelial lining fluid and cellular membranes and the subsequent release of cytokines and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products. An indirect effect of ozone was indicated by a decreased mucociliary clearance, free radicals production interacting with a gene promoting factor, and increased DNA synthesis. Studies highlighted the pivotal role of activated neutrophils and mast cells leading to the release of deleterious enzymes (tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein) and numerous cytokines. Experiments performed with ozone exposure/allergen challenge reported that, besides the intrinsic deleterious properties of ozone, it also had a priming effect on the late-phase response to allergen challenge, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of respiratory allergic diseases.
Resistance to Intestinal Entamoeba histolytica Infection Is Conferred by Innate Immunity and Gr-1+ Cells

ABSTRACT Establishment of intestinal infection with Entamoeba histolytica depends on the mouse strain; C57BL/6 mice are highly resistant, and C3H/HeJ mice are relatively susceptible. We found that resistance to intestinal infection was independent of lymphocyte activity or H-2 haplotype and occurred in the first hours to days postchallenge according to in vivo imaging. At 18 h postchallenge, the ceca of resistant C57BL/6 mice were histologically unremarkable, in contrast to the severe inflammation observed in susceptible C3H/HeJ mice. Comparison of cecal gene expression in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that there was parasite-induced upregulation of proinflammatory and neutrophil chemotaxis transcripts and there was downregulation of transforming growth factor β signaling molecules. Pretreatment with dexamethasone abrogated the partial resistance of C3H/HeJ or CBA mice through an innate, lymphocyte-independent mechanism, but it had no effect on the high-level resistance of C57BL/6 mice. Similarly, administration of a neutrophil-depleting anti-Gr-1 monoclonal antibody (RB6-8C5) decreased the partial resistance of CBA mice and led to severe pathology compared to control antibody-treated mice, but it had no effect on C57BL/6 resistance. These data indicate that there are discrete mechanisms of innate resistance to E. histolytica depending on the host background and, in contrast to other reports, imply that neutrophils are protective and not damaging in intestinal amebiasis.
Why are ratings so high in the sharing economy? Evidence based on guest perspectives

ABSTRACT One issue that has been identified in the literature is the relatively high average of guest client ratings that properties receive on sharing accommodation platforms. High ratings seem to be the norm in most online platforms that include consumer reviews, but the case of Airbnb seems more extreme than the others. Several reasons have been proposed to explain this apparently positively-biased eWOM. However, none of these proposals have taken into account the guests’ perspective on the matter. In this study, we develop a two-step methodology to research and verify the reasons for this issue. First, with a sample of 391 Airbnb guests, we analyse the specific causes that explain these high ratings. Second, we carry out in-depth interviews with 20 additional guests who did not rate or who recognized that they were not fully accurate in their reviews. Not wanting to harm a reputed host that performed well in stays that did not involve serious problems was the main reason behind these behaviours. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Economic Growth and Demographic Dividend Nexus in Nigeria: A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Approach

In demography and population economics discourse, the macroeconomic implications of an upsurge in working age population, notably the labour force, on economic growth has been widely studied and the inherent beneficial impact has become known as demographic dividend. However, the exact mechanism linking the dividend to growth remains a perennial question. This motivates the current study to investigate empirically the dividend-growth nexus in the context of Nigerian economy in a multivariate VAR model spanning between the period 1970 and 2017. Specifically, the paper attempted to answer the question: Is the Nigerian Demographic Dividend an Education-triggered Dividend? Innovation Accounting Techniques was applied to assess the dynamic interactions among the variables. The empirical evidence obtained revealed that the innovation in gross enrollment made much contribution to the variation in economic growth relative to innovation in economic support ratio. The magnitude ranges between 20.09 and 27.54 percent. This result, thus, lend credence to the theoretical view of the education-triggered dividend model which ascribes to education twofold roles of helping to lessen fertility and also enhancing productivity but invalidates the conventional dividend paradigm.
Advocates’ Experiences With Media and the Impact of Media on Human Trafficking Advocacy

The present qualitative study explores advocates’ opinions of misinformation about human trafficking in the media and describes advocates’ strategies to counter the misinformation presented by the media. Thus, 15 advocates who work against human trafficking in Chicago-based nonprofit organizations participated in semistructured interviews about their opinions and strategies. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The present study identifies specific misperceptions of human trafficking in the media, highlights advocates’ opinions of this misinformation, and discusses advocates’ strategies to counteract inaccurate media, adding support to the role of media advocacy. Advocates note how media images shape and perpetuate stereotypes of trafficking through glamorizing sex work and sensationalizing stories that are most often international depictions of trafficking. Advocates report media generally shares only a piece of the story, simplifying the stories of survivors and the issue of human trafficking. Advocates critique media perpetuating these misperceptions for how they may contribute to policies and programs which fail to address structural factors that create vulnerabilities to be trafficked and the multisystem needs of survivors. However, advocates also note misperceptions can be counteracted by producing sensitive, informed media through social platforms. Advocates share their strategies counteracting misinformation through engaging in informative conversations, utilizing social media to educate, and promoting media messages of survivor agency. Research, clinical, and policy implications are also discussed. The present study emphasizes the importance of decision makers and service providers being critical consumers of media and to assess how media portrayals may (or may not) inform their understanding and response to the issue.
Do high-performance work systems harm employees’ health? An investigation of service-oriented HPWS in the Chinese healthcare sector

Abstract Previous research on the ‘dark side’ of high-performance work systems (HPWS) has generally recognized HPWS as a job demand and suggested that it induces a series of health problems to employees. However, so far, less attention has been paid to the remedies that alleviate this negative effect. In this study, we investigate whether and how employees’ personal and job resources help them refrain from health impairment due to service-oriented HPWS (SHPWS) in the healthcare service setting. Specifically, drawing on the job demands-resources model, we propose that core self-evaluations (CSE) and servant leadership (SL), representing personal and job resources, respectively, could buffer the health-impairment process of SHPWS due to strain. The results of a two-wave study of 223 healthcare employees in China generally support our hypotheses. For employees with a lower CSE or with leaders who demonstrate less SL, SHPWS increases their strain, which ultimately leads to mental and physical health problems. In contrast, for employees with a higher CSE or with leaders who demonstrate higher SL, the impact of SHPWS on strain and health is nonsignificant. We find no three-way interaction of SHPWS, CSE and SL on employees’ strain or health.
Palmar digital vessel relaxation in healthy horses and in horses given carbohydrate.

OBJECTIVE To compare in vitro smooth muscle relaxation of palmar digital vessels from healthy horses with those from horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally (carbohydrate) induced laminitis. ANIMALS 16 adult horses. PROCEDURE Segments of palmar digital vessels were obtained from 5 healthy horses and 6 horses given carbohydrate. Vascular rings from the palmar digital artery and vein were suspended in individual organ baths containing buffer solution and indomethacin; isometric tension was recorded, and contraction and relaxation were compared. Smooth muscle contraction in response to cumulative addition of phenylephrine was recorded in the absence and presence of 1 microM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L -NAME). After wash out, vascular rings were preconstricted with phenylephrine (0.3 microM), and cumulative endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine-induced) and independent (nitroprusside-induced) smooth muscle relaxations were recorded in the absence or presence of L -NAME. RESULTS Phenylephrine increased vascular smooth muscle tone in ring preparations of palmar digital arteries and veins. Addition of acetylcholine or nitroprusside induced relaxation of palmar digital artery and vein ring preparations. Use of L-NAME (1 microM) significantly reduced maximal relaxation induced by acetylcholine, but not by nitroprusside. Maximal relaxation induced by acetylcholine, but not by nitroprusside, was reduced in vascular rings prepared from carbohydrate-overloaded horses. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation of palmar digital vessels may have a role in the pathophysiology of acute laminitis after carbohydrate overload in horses.
Intrusion errors in explicit memory: Their differential relationship with clinical and social outcome in chronic schizophrenia

Introduction. Memory deficits might account for clinical and adaptive differences between groups of patients with chronic schizophrenia. We investigated the qualitative factors of memory that influence clinical and social status. Methods. Psychosocial functioning, clinical symptoms, and memory function were assessed in 99 patients at four time points over a 16-month period using recall scores for semantically related words, unrelated words, paired associated learning, and word span. An initial cluster analysis using symptom assessment data from all four time points divided the sample into three groups: patients with low symptoms ratings that remained stable throughout the study period (low symptom-stable group—LSSG; N=51); patients with initially high symptoms ratings that subsequently improved (high symptom-improved group—HSIG; N=32); and patients with initially high symptoms ratings that deteriorated during the follow-up (high symptom-deteriorated group—HSDG; N=16). Results. Memory was better preserved in LSSG compared to HSIG and HSDG patients. Recall performance was generally better for semantically related words than for unrelated words but the difference between LSSG and the two other groups was more constant over time for semantically related words. Extra-list errors variable was positively correlated with three PANSS measures (r=.25−.47). Also, the extra-list errors scores were correlated with the Magical Ideation Scale (r=.34–.39). Memory scores (global explicit, unrelated, related) were significantly and positively correlated with independent living skills (r=.26–.55) and the extra-list errors were negatively correlated with both social support and independent living skills (r=−.29 and r=−.46, respectively). All groups showed a reduction in extraneous false recognition errors/intrusions (FRIs) over time with the HSIG showing the greater change. HSIG and HSDG patients committed slightly more FRIs in recall tasks (extraneous information) than LSSG patients. Conclusion. Memory performance is better in patients presenting with less severe symptomatology. The extent to which FRIs reduce over time in patients with schizophrenia is a novel finding.
Shooting habits of youth recreational firearm users

Abstract Objective: This study surveyed youth recreational firearm users (YRFUs) regarding shooting habits, reported use of hearing protection devices (HPDs), self-assessed auditory status, and attitudes about firearm noise and hearing loss. Design: A descriptive study using a 28-item survey administered by personal interview. Study sample: Two-hundred and ten youth aged 10 to 17 years responded. Results: Seventy-eight percent of those surveyed began shooting before the age of ten. The majority reported using large caliber firearms capable of rapid fire for both hunting and target practice. Most youths in this study were not aware of, and therefore, were not utilizing HPDs specifically designed for the shooting sports. Ten percent of subjects reported constant tinnitus and 45% notice tinnitus occurred or worsened after shooting. Although the majority of YRFUs reported good or perfect hearing, a small percentage (4–5%) of youth reported having only ʽfair” hearing. Conclusion: YRFUs are putting themselves at risk beginning at a young age for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus based on self-reported shooting habits and inconsistent use of HPDs during both target practice and hunting activities. This research highlights the need for early education and intervention efforts to minimize the risk of NIHL in youth.
Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on hypogonadal men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a subanalysis of a prospective randomized controlled study in Japan (EARTH study)

Abstract Objective: We investigated the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) among hypogonadal men with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Methods: From our previous EARTH study population, 74 patients with a clinical diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis and hypogonadism were included in this study, as the TRT (n = 35) and control (n = 34) groups. The TRT group was administered 250 mg of testosterone enanthate injection every 4 weeks for 12 months. The BMD, waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and muscle volume were measured at baseline and at 12 months. Blood biochemical data, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and adiponectin values were also evaluated. Results: At the 12-month visit, BMD significantly increased in both groups. However, comparisons on changes of parameter values from baseline to the 12-month visit between the TRT and control groups were significantly different in BMD (5.0 ± 5.0 vs. 3.0 ± 3.2; p = .0434) and in adiponectin value (−0.90 ± 3.33 vs. 0.10 ± 2.04; p = .0192). There were no significant changes in other parameters. Conclusions: TRT for 12 months could improve BMD with a decrease in adiponectin levels among hypogonadal men with osteopenia/osteoporosis.