Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A response to Richards and Schulting

We welcome the comments of Mike Richards and Rick Schulting; however, rather than attempting to close the debate on the isotope evidence and the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, as suggested in their introduction, we agree that the issues raised should be widely discussed and subject to critical and well informed scrutiny. We certainly did not attempt a ‘simple outright denial of the validity of one of the methods of analysis’ (i.e. stable isotopes); rather we wished to make the point that interpretations have to take into account uncertainties associated with the measurements. We have been pleased by the discussion that our article has invoked: two published responses (Barbarena & Borrero 2005; Hedges 2004) and numerous personal communications which have been supportive and critical in
Psychological Distress and Poor Quality of Life in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Abstract Purpose: We aimed to compare the mental health and quality of life (QoL) between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients and the control subjects. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients presenting with CSCR and age-gender-matched 30 healthy control subjects filled in the following standardized questionnaires: Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL 90-R) and Short Form 36 (SF-36). Age, gender, and ocular clinical findings were recorded. Results: According to SCL-90-R, all scores were significantly higher in the CSCR group when compared to the control group. The patients with CSCR reported significantly lower levels of QoL, except bodily pain. Conclusion: Our results indicated that CSCR patients have poorer QoL and more psychological problems. CSCR patients may benefit from psychosocial support and interventions.
Regeneration of the urodele limb: A review

Urodele amphibians have been widely used for studies of limb regeneration. In this article, we review studies on blastema cell proliferation and propose a model of blastemal self‐organization and patterning. The model is based on local cell interactions that intercalate positional identities within circumferential and proximodistal boundaries that outline the regenerate. The positional identities created by the intercalation process appear to be reflected in the molecular composition of the cell surface. Transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in patterning are discussed within the context of the boundary/intercalation model. Developmental Dynamics 226:280–294, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening for cervical and breast cancer among women with inflammatory bowel disease: A population‐based study

Background: There are limited data on rates and predictors of cervical and/or breast cancer screening among women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunosuppressant medications used to manage IBD may increase the risk of cervical cancer precursor lesions. Methods: Women diagnosed with IBD prior to 2002 were matched to up to 10 Manitoba residents without the disease. Logistic regression analyses were performed to compare utilization of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and mammograms in the two groups. Among women with IBD, we analyzed the differences in screening between those with and without exposure to immunosuppressant medications and/or corticosteroids and effect of age, socioeconomic status, prior diagnostic testing, and intensity of healthcare utilization. Results: In all, 54% of the 2344 women with IBD and 52% of the 15,333 controls had regular Pap tests between 2002 and 2008. In multivariate analyses, older age, lower socioeconomic status, lower intensity of healthcare utilization, Crohn's disease, and exposure to immunosuppressant medications were independent predictors of lower use of Pap testing. Although there were no significant differences in the use of mammograms in women with or without IBD or among women with IBD with or without exposure to immunosuppressant medications, only 47% of women with IBD in the target age group had mammograms regularly. Conclusions: Despite a need for higher testing, women with IBD on immunosuppressant medications are less likely to undergo Pap testing. Healthcare providers involved in the care of women with IBD need to remind these individuals about regular preventive care. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010;)
Multiple roles of Sox2, an HMG‐box transcription factor in avian neural crest development

Expression of Sox2, which encodes an HMG‐box–type transcription factor, is down‐regulated in the neural plate when neural crest segregates from dorsal neural tube and remains low during crest cell migration. Sox2 expression is subsequently up‐regulated in some crest‐derived cells in the developing peripheral nervous system and is later restricted to glial sublineages. Misexpression of Sox2 and mutant forms of Sox2 both in neural plate explants and in embryonic ectoderm reveals that Sox2 inhibits neural crest formation as a transcriptional activator. Similar manipulation of Sox2 function in migratory and postmigratory neural crest‐derived cells indicates that Sox2 regulates proliferation and differentiation in developing peripheral nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 229:74–86, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Compares Favorably with THA at 2 Years Followup

Metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing is a bone-conserving reconstructive option for patients with advanced articular damage. While intended to address several problems with conventional THA, the safety and efficacy is not well established. We therefore retrospectively compared the outcomes of 52 patients (57 hips) with resurfacing arthroplasty to 84 patients (93 hips) with cementless primary THAs. The patients had a minimum 2-year followup (mean 3 years). The patients with resurfacing arthroplasty had a mean age of 47 years (range, 22-64) while those with cementless primary THA had a mean age of 57 years (range, 17-92). After controlling for age, gender, and preoperative differences, the total Harris Hip Scores (HHS), function scores, and pain scores were similar between the two groups. However, the resurfacing group had higher activity scores (14 versus 13, p < 0.001) and range of motion (ROM) scores (5.0 versus 4.8, p < 0.001). The complication rates (5.3% for resurfacing versus 14.0% for THA) and reoperation rates (3.5% for resurfacing versus 4.3% for THA) were similar. The total hip arthroplasty and metal-on-metal resurfacing groups both showed improvement in HHS, pain, activity, and ROM and had similar early complication and reoperation rates.Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Regularized Hierarchical Feature Learning with Non-negative Sparsity and Selectivity for Image Classification

Recently, many deep networks are proposed to learn hierarchical image representation to replace traditional hand-designed features. To enhance the ability of the generative model to tackle discriminative computer vision tasks (e.g. image classification), we propose a hierarchical deconvolutional network with two biologically inspired properties incorporated, i.e., non-negative sparsity and selectivity. First, we propose a single layer deconvolutional model with a raw image as input, attempting to decompose the input as a weighted sum of feature maps convolving with filters. Here, the filters are the model parameters common to all the inputs, while the feature maps and the summing weights are specific to the input. The non-negative sparsity is formulated as the /i-norm regularizer on the feature map, which is used to generate feature representations for image classification. And the selectivity is forced on the filters to make different filters active different inputs, through requiring the sparsity on the summing weights specifically. The two properties are summarized into an overall cost function, which can be solved with an alternatively iterative algorithm. Then, we build multiple layer deconvolutional network by stacking the single models, where the next-layer inputs are the results of a 3D max-pooling operation on the inferred feature maps of the front layer, and train the network in a greedy layer wise scheme. Finally, we explore the feature maps of each layer to generate the image representations and input them to a SVM classifier for the classification task. Experiments on two image benchmark datasets of Caltech-101 and Caltech-256 demonstrate the encouraging performance of our model compared with other deep feature learning models as well as some hand-designed features.
Chromosomal Localization of Two Antihemostatic Salivary Factors in Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Abstract The chromosomal locations of two genes encoding the salivary protein products Simulidin (SVAT) and Simulium vittatum erythyma protein (SVEP) were identified using high-resolution cytogenetic mapping. Chromosomal subsection levels were determined from larval and adult salivary gland polytene chromosomes and adult Malphigian tubule chromosomes. Syntenic relationships occurred for both loci from a wild population of Simulium vittatum IIIL-1 collected in central Alabama and the colonized IS-7 S. vittatum sibling. cSVAT mapped to the short arm of chromosomes III, IIIS-72a4.5 and cSVEP mapped to the long arm of chromosome III, IIIL-96b1. cSVAT sits proximal to a common IIIS-2 paracentric inversion, which occurs predominately as the standard sequence in the IIIL-1 sibling and as the inverted sequence in the IS-7 sibling. cSVEP sits close to the differentiated X chromosomes in the IIIL-1 sibling.
Public health measures during an anticipated influenza pandemic: Factors influencing willingness to comply

This research assessed factors associated with willingness to comply with vaccination, isolation, and face mask wearing during an anticipated influenza pandemic. Data were collected from 2081 adults (16+) using a module of questions incorporated into the NSW Health Adult Population Health Survey. High levels of willingness to comply were reported with 73% either very or extremely willing to receive vaccination, 67% willing to isolate themselves, 58% willing to wear a face mask, and 48% willing to comply with all three behaviors. Further analysis indicated concern for self and family and higher levels of education were associated with high levels of willingness to comply. Younger people (16–24) were the least willing to comply; especially with wearing a face mask. Those with children reported higher levels of willingness to receive vaccination, and respondents who speak a language other than English at home were less willing to isolate themselves or comply with all behaviors. These findings provide a baseline measure of anticipated public compliance with key public health behaviors in the event of an influenza pandemic in the Australian population, and help to identify groups that may be more resistant to individual measures and may require additional attention in terms of risk communication strategies or health education.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV Infection among Male Prisoners in Tehran, Iran.

BACKGROUND This is a cross-sectional survey conducted on 6900 male prisoners in Great Tehran Prison from October 2013 to May 2014. METHODS In order to find HIV positive prisoners in the prison's quarantine and two housing units, we used HIV active case finding (ACF) strategy by rapid screening test. In ACF, healthcare staff and trained prisoners asked inmates to answer relevant questions about history of risky behaviors related to HIV as well as to be tested voluntarily by HIV rapid test. A positive result was confirmed by ELISA screening and Western blot tests. Furthermore, to find the prevalence of specific HIV risk factors among prisoners were assessed using a questionnaire, and the results were analyzed by STATA software, providing univariate and multivariate modeling. RESULTS There were 85 HIV positive patients. The prevalence of HIV was 1.23%. The risk factors independently associated with HIV infection were age (adjusted odds ratio of 3.46 for 35-44 yrs., 95% CI:1.01-11.92), duration of imprisonment (adjusted odds ratio of 4.22 for ≥10 yr., 95% CI: 1.92-9.24 ), history of injection drug use (adjusted odds ratio of 5.01, 95% CI: 2.24-11.18), history of needle sharing (adjusted odds ratio of 2.28, 95% CI: 1.25-4.16) and tattooing (adjusted odds ratio of 1.84, 95% CI: 1.05-3.24). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection should be recognized by policy makers for intensifying harm reduction programs and reforming the HIV guidelines in prisons.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FORMING STARS AND DENSE GAS IN THE SMALL LOW-MASS CLUSTER CEDERBLAD 110

We present observations of dense gas and outflow activity in the Cederblad 110 region of the Chamaeleon I dark cloud complex. The region contains nine forming low-mass stars in evolutionary stages ranging from Class 0 to Class II/III crowded into a 0.2 pc region with high surface density (ΣYSO ∼ 150 pc−2). The analysis of our N2H+ (J = 1→0) maps indicates the presence of 13 ± 3 solar masses of dense (n ∼ 105 cm−3) gas in this region, much of which is unstable against gravitational collapse. The most unstable material is located near the Class 0 source MMS-1, which is almost certainly actively accreting material from its dense core. Smaller column densities of more stable dense gas are found toward the region's Class I sources, IRS 4, 11, and 6. Little or no dense gas is colocated with the Class II and III sources in the region. The outflow from IRS 4 is interacting with the dense core associated with MMS-1. The molecular component of the outflow, measured in the (J = 1→0) line of 12CO, appears to be deflected by the densest part of the core, after which it appears to plow through some of the lower column density portions of the core. The working surface between the head of the outflow lobe and the dense core material can be seen in the enhanced velocity dispersion of the dense gas. IRS 2, the Class III source that produces the optical reflection nebula that gives the Cederblad 110 region its name, may also be influencing the dense gas in the region. A dust temperature gradient across the MMS-1 dense core is consistent with warming from IRS 2, and a sharp gradient in dense gas column density may be caused by winds from this source. Taken together, our data indicate that this region has been producing several young stars in the recent past, and that sources which began forming first are interacting with the remaining dense gas in the region, thereby influencing current and future star formation activity.
Investigation of prevalence and characteristics of mesiodens in a non-syndromic 11256 dental outpatients.

AIM To investigate the prevalence of mesiodens in a sample of Turkish dental patients and their distribution among genders. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiography of 11256 patients, who ranged in age from 15 to 55 years old. All data (age, sex and or syndrome) were obtained from the patient files and analyzed for mesiodens. Statistical evaluation of the presence of mesiodens related to gender was performed by the Pearson chi-squared test. RESULTS Mesiodens was detected in 15 subjects (0.13%). The prevalence of mesiodens for females and males was 0.20% and 0.057%, respectively (p = 0.037). The most commonly observed mesiodens was maxillary canine-like type (60%). Most of the mesiodens (67%) were found in the vertical position, followed by horizontal position (33%). The age and sex distribution, number of mesiodens per patient, shape, direction, size, and effect on permanent maxillary incisors are also presented in this study. The most common complication caused by mesiodens was midline of the permanent incisors. CONCLUSIONS Mesiodens is an uncommon developmental anomaly in Turkish dental patients. Early diagnosis allows the most appropriate treatment, often reducing the extent of surgery, orthodontic treatment and possible complications.
Study of Laser Feedback Phase Under Self-Mixing Leading to Improved Phase Unwrapping for Vibration Sensing

In this paper, the inherent error as well as the robustness of a previously published displacement retrieval technique called the phase unwrapping method (PUM) is analyzed. This analysis, based on a detailed study of laser feedback phase behavior, results in a new algorithm that removes the PUM inherent error while maintaining its robustness. The said algorithm has been successfully tested on simulated and experimental self-mixing (SM) interferometric signals. Simulations in weak and moderate feedback regimes demonstrate that the said algorithm can reach a subnanometric precision compared with approximately 25 nm for PUM. For experimental SM signals affected by noise, the measured rms displacement error and the maximum absolute error are 14 and 37 nm, respectively, for the proposed algorithm and 34 and 123 nm for the PUM, which indicates a threefold displacement precision improvement over the PUM. Finally, it is explained that the precision can be further improved by a reduction of the noise level of experimental SM signals.
Student Satisfaction Process In Virtual Learning System: Considerations Based In Information And Service Quality From Brazil’s Experience

Distance learning has undergone great changes, especially since the advent of the Internet and communication and information technology. Questions have been asked following the growth of this mode of instructional activity. Researchers have investigated methods to assess the benefits of e-learning from a number of perspectives. This survey assesses the associations among the system quality, information quality, and service quality on student satisfaction and use of systems in virtual learning environments using the e-learning success model adapted by Holsapple and Lee-Post from the Delone and McLean (1992, 2003) model as a theoretical basis. The survey was carried out by means of an online program offered to 291 students from public and private institutions from several regions of Brazil. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used for data analysis in order to understand the student satisfaction process in virtual learning system. Findings show that variations in system quality, information quality, and service quality influence the use of the system, and the User Satisfaction construct had 89% of variance explained by Information Quality and Service Quality. Many of the benefits of distance learning programs are related to students’ satisfaction and the intensity with which they make use of the learning system. With awareness of the indicators that are antecedents of these variables, education executives can plan investments that meet the most significant demands and use the information to deal with one of the major problems in distance learning: the dropout rate. Future researches should study this subject longitudinally.
Radiation exposure associated with imaging of the chest

Exposure to ionizing radiation due to radiologic examinations is associated with the risk of induction of malignancy. This has to be balanced against the potential benefits of detection of a malignant tumor with radiologic examinations. For comparison of radiation exposure levels from different sources, the concept of effective dose equivalent was developed, which is used to assess an individual's risk of developing malignancy. Effective dose equivalent ranges from 0.06 to 0.25 millisieverts (mSv) with chest radiography in 2 views, 3–27 mSv with computed tomography (CT) using conventional examination parameters, and 0.3–0.55 mSv using low dose CT settings. These values can be compared with radiation exposure levels from natural sources (on average 2.4 mSv per year in Germany). Based on considerations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, it can be expected that radiation exposure with an effective dose equivalent of 1 mSv would lead to 5 additional malignancies in 100,000 individuals exposed. Cancer 2000;89:2457–60. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP 2 E 1 and GSTM 1 in a Thai Population

It has been estimated that over 80% of human tumors are due to the action of environmental carcinogens (Doll and Peto, 1981). Most chemical carcinogens are not capable of inducing genetic damage by themselves but require metabolic activation to electrophilic proximate carcinogens. The amount of the ultimate carcinogens produced depends on the action of competing activation and detoxification pathways involving cytochrome P450 and glutathione-Stransferase enzymes (Guengerich, 1990; Mannervik et al., 1992). Genetic differences in these pathways are likely to be major sources of interindividual variation in susceptibility to cancer (Idle, 1991) and some other diseases (Wong et al., 2000). The oxidation by CYP 450 enzymes is primarily regarded as the phase-I activating process in carcinogenesis (Roots et al., 1992). Genetic polymorphism in CYP2E1 might be a contributing cancer risk factor since this enzyme activates procarcinogen, such as N-nitrosamine, benzene, butadienne, vinyl chloride, PAHs, and other low molecular weight chemicals (Wang et al., 1999). The CYP2E1 gene is reported to have genetic and radical variations that are caused by PstI, RsaI, DraI and TaqI polymorphisms (D’Errico et al., Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 in a Thai Population
Ex-votos in lourdes: contested materiality of miraculous healings

ABSTRACT The modern Marian shrine in Lourdes (southern France) attracts six million pilgrims every year. While the site is known worldwide for the miracles that occur there, the dominant official discourse hardly recognizes people's miraculous experiences. This ethnographic study focuses on ex-votos, the religious objects by which pilgrims offer their thanks to Mary for working a miracle. These are situated on the contested boundary between pilgrims' lived religion and officially prescribed religion at the Lourdes site. The article aims to understand what power politics are at stake in the handling of ex-votos as well as what motives pilgrims have to leave offerings at the site. This is illustrated by the in-depth analysis of the story of one ex-voto that also shows that the bonds within families, and between families and Mary, are crucial elements of the stories told. By offering an ex-voto, pilgrims not only remember Mary, but also their family and ancestors.
Safety Aspects of Deep Sedation during Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Background: The combination of intravenous propofol and midazolam is frequently used to provide unconscious sedation during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), but only a very few reports are available on the influence of prolonged propofol infusion on arterial blood gas, blood pressure, and anesthesia‐associated complications during ablation of AF. The purpose of this study was to assess tolerance and safety of unconscious sedation with intravenous propofol and midazolam during catheter ablation of AF.
Kinetics of specific IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM antibody responses in rubella

Rubella‐specific IgD and IgE antibodies were determined with a solid‐phase enzyme immunoassay using enzyme‐labeled heavy‐chain specific anti‐immunoglobulins, and the antibody responses in rubella infection were compared to IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies. IgD and IgE antibodies increased rapidly after the onset of infection, remained at a high level for at least 2 months, and declined slightly by 6 months. In comparison, the IgM antibodies decreased more rapidly, whereas the IgG antibodies persisted longer at a steady level. By 6 months the mean levels of the different antibodies had declined from their maximal mean levels as follows: IgM, 52%; IgA, 42%; IgE, 35%; IgD, 29%; and IgG, 8%. Thus IgD and IgE antibodies, in spite of their known short half lives, persisted longer than IgM and IgA antibodies, which limits their diagnostic value. The IgA antibody responses were found too variable to substitute for IgM antibody determination in diagnosis of a recent rubella virus infection from a single serum specimen. Comparison of maternal and cord blood sera indicated that, in addition to IgG antibodies, rubellaspecific IgD antibodies were found to cross the placenta.