Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamique de la consommation d'eau potable des ménages : une étude sur un panel de communes françaises

[eng] Dynamics of Household Drinking- Water Consumption: Study of a Sample Group of French . Communes . by Cecile Nauges and Alban Thomas . The early 1990s was a turning point for household consumption of water. In addition to a surge in price, a decline in domestic consumption was recorded for the first time. This paper demonstrates that users were not unresponsive to the increase in the price of water, since long-term elasticity is calculated to be -0.6 over the 1988-1993 period. Moreover, estimation from a dynamic model with non-stationary individual effects reveals the influence of specific phenomena in 1990 and 1991. The droughts during this period and the discussion on the entry into force of new regulations unquestionably raised the awareness of consumers, who altered their consumption behaviour. [fre] Le debut des annees quatre-vingt-dix a constitue un tournant pour la consommation d'eau des menages. Outre la forte hausse du prix, on a constate pour la premiere fois un recul de la consommation domestique. Cet article montre que les usagers n'ont pas ete insensibles a l'augmentation du prix de l'eau puisque l'on estime l'elasticite de long terme a -0,6 sur la periode 1988-1993. En outre, l'estimation d'un modele dynamique a effets individuels non stationnaires met en evidence l'influence de phenomenes particuliers dans les annees 1990 et 199 1 . Les secheresses survenues pendant cette periode, les debats autour de l'entree en vigueur d'une nouvelle reglementation ont tres certainement sensibilise les usagers qui ont modifie leurs comportements de consommation.
Millimeter Wave SDMA With Limited Feedback: RF-Only Beamforming Can Outperform Hybrid Beamforming

Millimeter wave (mmWave) beamforming (BF) system can increase the spatial capacity by being installed in hotspot areas where a number of users exist. However, it is hard to obtain the channel state information of a large array system at transmitter. Even with the codebook-based BF scheme, the digital–analog hybrid BF structure may require a two-step feedback procedure. In order to reduce the feedback and feedforward overhead required for joint user scheduling and hybrid BF, we propose a codebook-based radio frequency (RF) only BF scheme with one-step feedback procedure. We show that the achievable sum rate of the RF-only BF scheme double-logarithmically scales with the number of users in mmWave channel model, which coincides with the results for the digital BF schemes in rich scattering channel model. We also show that the RF-only BF scheme can outperform the hybrid BF scheme with limited feedback. In addition, we examine the error performance in extremely sparse channel, and find the number of transmitted beams to achieve the desired rate per user in a small number of users regime.
Review of varicella zoster seroepidemiology in India and South‐east Asia

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious agent responsible for chickenpox. In temperate countries such as the US and the UK the majority of the population seroconverts to VZV by adolescence. However in tropical countries different age-related VZV seroprevalence patterns exist with serological studies showing that seroconversion usually occurs during late adolescence and adulthood. Age-related VZV seroprevalence patterns are described in Singapore Malaysia Philippines Thailand and India. The seasonal and regional variations in acute disease among these countries suggest that temperate climates may favor the transmission of the varicella virus with incidence peaking during cooler months and in cooler more temperate regions. VZV infection is often more severe in adults than in children suggesting that tropical countries may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality from later-age seroconversion. The susceptibility of pregnant women their infants and people infected with HIV/AIDS is also cause for concern. Vaccination may help reduce the impact of VZV in Asian populations.
On greedy construction of connected dominating sets in wireless networks: Research Articles

Since no fixed infrastructure and no centralized management present in wireless networks, a connected dominating set (CDS) of the graph representing the network is widely used as a virtual backbone. Constructing a minimum CDS is NP-hard. In this paper, we propose a new greedy algorithm, called S-MIS, with the help of Steiner tree that can construct a CDS within a factor of 4.8 + ln5 from the optimal solution. We also introduce the distributed version of this algorithm. We prove that the proposed algorithm is better than the current best performance ratio which is 6.8. A simulation is conducted to compare S-MIS with its variation which is rS-MIS. The simulation shows that the sizes of the CDSs generated by S-MIS and rS-MIS are almost the same. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis on the external training load of players in small sided and friendly football games

ABSTRACT In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been published on the effect of different models of training in the world of football. The training models are theoretical models that allow coaches to understand the training process and its impact on performance. These models can be used as a reference to design training programme type and for the improvement of performance in soccer. Another of the boom lines in the world of soccer is the analysis of the physical response, as a valuable technique of data collection used to quantify the recording of the external training load imposed by the training regime on the soccer player. Interest has grown substantially in this area during the last decade, since it allows sports scientists to identify the demands required during the competition and thus; apply the data through training protocols. At present, Small Side Games (SSGs) have become a popular method for developing aerobic fitness specific to soccer. Researchers have established that SSGs are reliable and effective for the technical and tactical development of footballers. Therefore, SSGs are commonly used in training to simultaneously demand tactical, technical, and physical components. Given the interest in the analysis of SSGs and competition, the present PhD Thesis will be in the Scandinavian Manner of Manuscript Collection which will consist of three papers from JCR journals, to address: Firstly, despite the increasing popularity of SSGs, little scientific research has examined the movement patterns of professional football players during a small sided game (SSG), a large sided game (LSG) or a friendly match (FM). Secondly, there are no studies available that reveal acute physical responses by modifying the number of ball touches per player in the presence of mini goals. Finally, it is also noteworthy that existing research has not studied the physical performance between starters and substitutes during a friendly match.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN 3N (NITENI, NIROKKE, NAMBAHI) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran di sekolah dasar yang sangat penting untuk dipelajari sejak usia dini. Tujuan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yaitu untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berbahasa siswa dengan baik dan benar, baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Pembelajaran dalam Bahasa Indonesia memiliki beberapa keterampilan yaitu keterampilan menyimak, berbicara, membaca, dan menulis. Salah satu keterampilan yang diajarkan di sekolah dasar yaitu keterampilan menulis. Keterampilan menulis merupakan suatu keterampilan dengan menuangkan ide, gagasan, dan pendapat dalam bentuk tulisan, yang dipergunakan untuk berkomunikasi secara tidak langsung. Mengembangkan keterampilan menulis siswa dapat dilakukan dengan melatih siswa menulis berbagai karya sastra, seperti menulis narasi, novel, pantun, puisi dan lain-lain. Salah satu keterampilan menulis yang diajarkan pada siswa sekolah dasar yaitu menulis puisi. Puisi merupakan salah satu karya sastra yang terangkai atas kalimat-kalimat indah berisi ungkapan hati seseorang. Sedangkan menulis puisi yaitu salah satu cara mengungkapkan pikiran, perasaan, informasi, dan fakta dari diri seseorang. Fenomena yang ada di lapangan, banyak hambatan yang terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran menulis puisi di sekolah dasar. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh minat siswa dalam menulis puisi serta kemampuan menulis puisi tergolong masih rendah dan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan guru dalam mengajarkan menulis puisi kurang optimal. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan siswa dalam menulis puisi yaitu dengan menerapkan metode pembelajaran 3N (Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi). Metode pembelajaran 3N (Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi) merupakan suatu metode pembelajaran yang berlandaskan pada prinsip belajar yang dikemukakan oleh Ki Hajar Dewantoro. Dalam penerapan metode pembelajaran 3N terdapat 3 tahapan yaitu niteni, nirokke, nambahi. Tahap pertama yaitu niteni yang berarti kegiatan memperhatikan, mengamati, mencermati, mengenali, mengingat, menyimak, membaca, mendengarkan, meraba, dan merasakan dengan menggunakan panca inderanya. Tahap kedua yaitu nirokke yang berarti menirukan, mencontoh, mengimplementasikan, melakukan sesuatu, dan berlatih dengan caranya sendiri. Sedangkan tahap ketiga yaitu nambahi yang berarti mengembangkan, memodifikasi, membuat, menambahi, mengurangi, memperbaiki, mengembangkan kemampuan, dan memperluas pemahaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode pembelajaran 3N (Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi) dan kemampuan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, instrumen penelitiannya berupa tes yang terdiri dari pretest dan postest. Hasil penelitiannya yaitu ada atau tidaknya pengaruh model pembelajaran 3N terhadap keterampilan menulis puisi.
Smoking and unhealthy food habits. How stable is the association

The aim of this study was to compare the food habits of male and female current smokers, ex-smokers and never-smokers in 1980–1995. Do differences between smoking categories vary by study period or sociodemographic factors? The data were collected by mailed questionnaires in connection with a nationwide programme, ‘Monitoring Health Behaviour among the Finnish Adult Population’. In this study, data from the years 1980–1981, 1987–1988 and 1994–1995 were used (n= 5, 773–7, 249, response rate 72–80%). Two examples of healthy food choices were included: avoidance of milk fat and daily use of vegetables. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the effects of smoking, the time period and sociodemographic factors on food habits. Male and female smokers used vegetables and low-fat milk least often. Ex-smokers alone or together with never-smokers most often avoided milk fat and used vegetables. Among men the differences between ex-smokers and current smokers increased. Among women the differences in the use of low-fat milk remained stable; in the use of vegetables, they first increased, then decreased. The differences in food habits between the smoking categories diminished when educational level was taken into account. After adjusting for place of residence and marital status, the association between smoking and diet persisted. Smokers tended to make unhealthy food choices, but the association varied by time period and gender. Between 1980 and 1995, Finnish male smokers seem to have become more consistent in their unhealthy behaviour, while a corresponding trend was not observed among women.
Medical work or counselling work? : a qualitative study of genetic counselling

This thesis presents a qualitative study of genetic counselling. Using a combination of semi-structured interviews and conversation analysis, it focuses on the role, function and structure of genetic counselling and on its status as medical or counselling work. Semi-structured interviews are used to ascertain genetic counsellors' accounts or perceptions of the nature of their role, their views on client expectations, and genetic counselling clients' perceptions and expectations of the same. Conversation analytic study of recorded genetic counselling consultations is used to identify whether or not they possess an overall shape and whether they appear conversationally as a counselling or a medical interaction. Rose's (1998, 1999) sociological work on the growth of the therapeutic community and the techne of 'psy' provides a framework for a discussion on the strength of the genetic counselling profession's association with a Rogerian counselling philosophy and on the potential difficulties this may bring. The questions are raised; does genetic counselling have many similarities to "personal, emotional or psychological" 'counselling' at all? And is this alliance with the counselling community either fair or possible for the professionals involved? The results were as follows. First, that the genetic counselling consultations in this corpus do not present with one unique overall shape that can encompass all interactions. Second, that the accounts of the genetic counsellors and clients in this sample, and the conversation analytic study of the recorded consultations, suggest that genetic counselling is primarily a medical-based activity and that this is what clients want. Third, that genetic counselling has a number of dissimilarities to psychotherapeutic counselling that suggest it is not so much 'counselling' as using counselling skills, and finally, that the tensions incurred in fulfilling medical-type tasks within what is ostensibly a 'counselling' role are neither fair nor practical for the professionals involved.
Empirical studies on the effectiveness of assistive technology in the care of people with dementia: a systematic review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the empirical support for the use of assistive technology in the care of people with dementia as an intervention to improve independence, safety, communication, wellbeing and carer support. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 232 papers were identified as potentially relevant. Inclusion criteria were: studies published between 1995 and 2011, incorporated a control group, pre-test-post-test, cross sectional or survey design, type of interventions and types of participants. The 41 papers that met criteria were subjected to an assessment of their validity using the model provided by Forbes. Following the assessment seven papers were considered as strong, ten moderate and 24 weak. The review is presented around the following topics: independence, prompts and reminders; safety and security; leisure and lifestyle, communication and telehealth; and therapeutic interventions. Findings – The literature exploring the use of assistive technologies for increasing .
Risk factors of progression of chronic kidney disease patients under conservative treatment

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as a major health problem affecting approximately 13% of the US population. Early identification and treatment of risk factors of progression of chronic kidney disease can provide marked benefits later in the term of delaying progression to renal replacement therapy. Methods: The medical chart for 92 CKD patients on regular follow up in low clearance clinic with GFR below 20 ml/min were retrospectively reviewed annually for 4 years regular follow up period. The following variables were recorded for each patient: non-modifiable variables (Age, sex, nationality, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking status, causes of kidney disease, diabetes status, hepatitis status, medication used (like ACEi/ARBs and Sodium bicarbonate) and modifiable variables which includes: Serum albumin, potassium level, serum bicarbonate level, level of proteinuria, rate of GFR decline (Delta GFR) /year, total cholesterol level and hemoglobin level. Then they were divided into 2 groups according to the endpoint during the follow up period. Group 1 include patients did not start dialysis yet and group 2 which include patients who started dialysis during their regular follow up period. Results: There is no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding Age , sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index( BMI), serum albumin and haemoglobin levels (p 0.295, 0.317, 0.220, 0.181,0.805, 0.884 and 0.451 respectively). There is no statistically a difference between the two groups regarding serum potassium level and serum total cholesterol level (p 0.515 and 0.517 respectively). Diabetic patients started dialysis earlier than non-diabetics with statistically significant difference between the two groups (p 0.029). The patients who weren’t taking ACEi or ARBs started dialysis earlier than those who were taking (p 0.005), while there was no significant differences between the two groups regarding sodium bicarbonate intake (p 0.256). Low sodium bicarbonate level and severity of proteinuria are of significantly important risk factors for progression of CKD disease (p 0.006 and 0.029 respectively). Conclusions: The most important risk factors for rapid progression are presence of diabetes, severity of proteinuria and low serum bicarbonate level in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. Early recognition of these risk factors and their correction may retard the progression of CKD, which will delay the need for renal replacement therapy. In addition, ACEI or ARBs intake are almost renoprotective and may delay the rapid progression of chronic kidney disease especially in proteinuric patients.
Chronic fatigue syndrome revisited

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and disabling problem; although most likely of biopsychosocial origin. The nature of the pathophysiological components remains unclear. It is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. The etiology of CFS remains unclear. Celiac disease can present with neurological symptoms in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms; therefore, celiac disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of CFS. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.326-328
Trust-Region Algorithms for Nonlinear Stochastic Programming and Mixed Logit Models

This work is concerned with the study of nonlinear nonconvex stochastic programming, in particular in the context of trust-region approaches. We first explore how to exploit the structure of multistage stochastic nonlinear programs with linear constraints, in the framework of primal-dual interior point methods. We next study consistency of sample average approximations (SAA) for general nonlinear stochastic programs. We also develop a new algorithm to solve the SAA problem, using the statistical inference information to reduce numercial costs, by means of an internal variable sample size strategy. We finally assess the numerical efficiency of the proposed method for the estimation of discrete choice models, more precisely mixed logit models, using our software AMLET, written for this purpose.
Aportaciones al conocimiento de los quilópodos (Chilopoda; Geophilomorpha) de la Serra de na Burguesa (Mallorca, islas Baleares)

Se dan a conocer los primeros resultados del estudio quilopodico, que se esta realizando en la Serra de na Burguesa, ubicada en la Serra de Tramuntana de la isla de Mallorca y perteneciente al termino municipal de Calvia. En este trabajo se expone un avance sobre los Geophilomorpha recolectados en la zona, asi como datos complementarios sobre su distribucion despues del estudio de material depositado en distintas colecciones. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se encuentra: una primera cita para Espana de Stigmatogaster arcisherculis Brolemann, 1904, una primera cita de Himantarium gabrielis (Linne, 1766) para las islas Baleares, asi como nuevos datos sobre la distribucion de Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835), Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846) y Henia vesuviana (Newport, 1844) para la isla de Mallorca.
Congestion-Adaptive and Delay-Sensitive Multirate Routing Protocol in MANETs: A Cross-Layer Approach

With a growing demand of multimedia communication over MANETs, to support quality of service (QoS), the MAC standards such as 802.11a/b/g operate with multiple data rates to efficiently utilize the limited resources. Since the wireless channel is shared among the neighbors in MANETs, determining delay-sensitive and congestion-aware routes using the IEEE 802.11 MAC is still a challenging problem. This paper proposes a novel cross-layer approach called congestion-adaptive and delay-sensitive multirate (CADM) routing protocol in MANETs. The CADM protocol exploits the cross-layer interaction between the network layer, MAC, and physical layer. The CADM accesses the correlation between data rate, congestion metric, and MAC delay in delay-sensitive applications to provide enhanced network efficiency in MANETs. The protocol discovers multiple node-disjoint routes and facilitates optimal data rates between the links based on the estimated delay to admit a flow with the certain delay requirement in multirate MANETs. The proposed CADM protocol discovers the route through less congested nodes and also actively handles the congestion if it occurs. The performance of the CADM protocol is comprehensively assessed through the simulation, which highlights the advantages of our cross-layer mechanism.
Elder abuse in parts of Africa and the way forward

The processes of modernization and urbanization are beginning to erode the traditional social welfare system of Africa, the extended family. The abuse and violence against older persons and their vulnerability to financial exploitation is a key challenge faced by many African countries. Older persons, particularly women, have to care for their dying children and orphaned grandchildren. They suffer from financial hardship and social isolation thereby endangering their health. To prevent population aging from becoming an economic and social problem, ad-equate, timely and dynamic measures should be implemented at international, national and local levels. Because the increase in the elderly population tends to lead to an increase in pension and health costs, active measures for employment and social protection should be implemented to ensure the sustainability of public finances. The overwhelming majority of elderly persons in Africa, especially older women, has no formal education that would have secured them employment in the competitive job market, and would guarantee them social protection in old age. Consequently, subsequent education and employment of this sector of the population can play a pivotal role in furnishing social security and ameliorating elder abuse in the coming years. Provision of online education to African older adults, and employing them to index African cultural heritage will among other things empower them with skills to spread awareness about elder abuse and making them more self-sufficient.