Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Comparison in Cadaver Specimens of Three Different 90-Degree Double-Plate Osteosyntheses for Simulated C2-Type Distal Humerus Fractures With Varying Bone Densities

Objectives: To investigate the bone-implant-anchorage of 90-degree double-plate osteosynthesis in simulated complete intra-articular distal humerus fractures using conventional reconstruction plates (CRP), locking compression plates (LCP), and distal humerus plates (DHP), depending on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the cadaver specimens. Methods: Groups (CRP, LCP, DHP, n = 8; LCP, DHP, n = 13) in distal humerus cadaver bones were created based on BMD. The fracture model was an unstable intraarticular distal humerus fracture with a transverse osteotomy gap representing metaphyseal comminution (AO type 13-C2.3). Flexion and extension stiffness as well as cycles until failure due to screw pullout under cyclic loading were evaluated. Estimates of BMD values, below which failure was likely to occur, were determined. Results: Stiffness values were not significantly different between groups (extension: P = 0.881, flexion: P = 0.547). Under cyclic loading, consistent screw pullout failure occurred at BMD values below about 400 mg/cm3 for CRP and below about 300 mg/cm3 for LCP constructs. Comparing BMD-matched groups of 8 and 13 specimens respectively, the failure rate was significantly lower for the DHP (0/8) than for the CRP (5/8; P = 0.026) and tended to be lower for the DHP (0/13) as compared to the LCP (4/13; P = 0.096). Conclusion: Bone-implant anchorage was different between locking and nonlocking plate constructs and depended on BMD. While in good bone quality implant choice was not critical, both locking plates provided superior resistance against screw loosening as compared to the CRP at low BMD values (<420 mg/cm3). Based on our laboratory results, we conclude that locking plates such as the LCP and DHP are constructs designed to keep anatomical reduction in the presence of comminution and poor bone quality in a low intra-articular fracture of the distal humerus.
Organic co‐solvents affect activity, stability and enantioselectivity of haloalkane dehalogenases

Haloalkane dehalogenases are microbial enzymes with a wide range of biotechnological applications, including biocatalysis. The use of organic co‐solvents to solubilize their hydrophobic substrates is often necessary. In order to choose the most compatible co‐solvent, the effects of 14 co‐solvents on activity, stability and enantioselectivity of three model enzymes, DbjA, DhaA, and LinB, were evaluated. All co‐solvents caused at high concentration loss of activity and conformational changes. The highest inactivation was induced by tetrahydrofuran, while more hydrophilic co‐solvents, such as ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide, were better tolerated. The effects of co‐solvents at low concentration were different for each enzyme‐solvent pair. An increase in DbjA activity was induced by the majority of organic co‐solvents tested, while activities of DhaA and LinB decreased at comparable concentrations of the same co‐solvent. Moreover, a high increase of DbjA enantioselectivity was observed. Ethylene glycol and 1,4‐dioxane were shown to have the most positive impact on the enantioselectivity. The favorable influence of these co‐solvents on both activity and enantioselectivity makes DbjA suitable for biocatalytic applications. This study represents the first investigation of the effects of organic co‐solvents on the biocatalytic performance of haloalkane dehalogenases and will pave the way for their broader use in industrial processes.
Treatment Protocol for Open AO/OTA Type C3 Pilon Fractures With Segmental Bone Loss

Objectives: To evaluate the results in patients with open AO/OTA type C3 pilon fractures with segmental bone loss who were treated with a standard treatment protocol. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I trauma center. Patients/Participants: Of 117 acute open type C pilon fractures treated during the study period, 10 patients with AO/OTA type C3 fractures and segmental metaphyseal bone loss were amenable to treatment with a standard protocol. Intervention: All patients were treated with immediate debridement and external fixation (stage 1). After a delay of 1-3 weeks, patients with a healthy-appearing soft tissue envelope and no sign of infection underwent open reduction, plate fixation, and antibiotic bead placement (stage 2). Several months later, planned bone grafting was performed (stage 3). Main Outcome Measurements: The complication rate, additional procedures, and time to bony union were determined. Results: The treatment protocol was able to be completed in all 10 patients. No cases of acute infection or wound necrosis after plate fixation and antibiotic bead placement occurred. Two cases of late infection occurred after delayed bone grafting, one of which was successfully treated and the other resulted in amputation. Nine of the 10 patients healed at an average of 24 weeks. Conclusions: Limb salvage in the most severe open pilon fractures is difficult. In patients with benign soft tissues at several weeks after temporary external fixation, open reduction, antibiotic bead placement, and a delayed bone grafting procedure are associated with a low complication rate and predictable fracture healing.
Assessing the knowledge of dietitians regarding diet and oral health in Bengaluru city

Objective: To assess the knowledge of dietitians regarding diet and oral health in Bengaluru city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the life members of Indian Dietetic Association, Bangalore chapter. A close ended, self-administered 23 item questionnaire was distributed and collected after 10 min. The data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: About 36% felt dietary supplements can prevent oral mucosal diseases, and only 12% were aware that high content of fluoride in water leads to abnormal tooth defects. Overall knowledge of dietitians pertaining diet and oral health was 56.48%. Conclusion: Study highlights the deficiency of knowledge of dietitians regarding oral health. The multifaceted interactions between diet and oral health in practice, education and research in both dietetics and dentistry merit detailed delineation.
Comparison of self-reported survey (SHIELD) versus NHANES data in estimating prevalence of dyslipidemia*

ABSTRACT Objectives: The study purpose was to compare the prevalence of dyslipidemia between a self-reported survey, Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD), and survey and laboratory data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2002). Methods: A SHIELD questionnaire was mailed to 200 000 households representative of US adult population (64% response, n = 211 097 individuals) and included if ever diagnosed with diabetes, high blood pressure or cholesterol problems, high total cholesterol (TC), high bad cholesterol (LDL-C), low good cholesterol (HDL-C), or high triglycerides (TG). In NHANES using a combination of interviewer-administered survey and clinical and laboratory data, dyslipidemia was defined as any one of: TC ≥ 240 mg/dL or diagnosis of high cholesterol; TG > 200 mg/dL;LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL; or HDL-C < 40 mg/dL. NHANES diabetes mellitus definition was doctor diagnosis or fasting glucose > 125 mg/dL and hypertension was elevated blood pressure or taking anti-hypertensive medication. Prevalence of dyslipidemia was determined for SHIELD in 2004 and compared to NHANES 1999–2002. Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was estimated for broader contextual comparison within cardiometabolic diseases. Results: In contrast to the prevalence of diabetes (8% in SHIELD and 9% in NHANES, p < 0.01) and hypertension (23% in SHIELD and 29% in NHANES, p < 0.01), dyslipidemia was reported only half as frequently in SHIELD (26%) as in NHANES (53%), p < 0.01. Components of dyslipidemia were uniformly less in SHIELD than NHANES: high TC = 17 vs. 35%, high LDL-C = 10 vs. 14%, high TG = 7 vs. 17% and low HDL-C = 5 vs. 24%; all comparisons p < 0.01. Limitations: Differences in survey methodology, non-response and timing may have impacted the comparison of SHIELD to NHANES. Conclusions: Dyslipidemia prevalence was lower in self-reported SHIELD than the objectively assessed NHANES, with especially low self-report of high TG and low HDL-C. Self-reported prevalence of dyslipidemia may under-report the prevalence based on laboratory data.
Health risk aversion, health risk affinity, and socio-economic position in the USA: The demographics of multiple risk

Understanding the distribution of behavioural risk factors in the population can improve health promotion. This article reports on a research project which analysed the distribution of numbers of behavioural risk factors among US adults, by race/Hispanic origin, sex, and age. Income, education, and region were examined as potential confounders in observed patterns. The B ehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for 1993 were used to assess the distribution of numbers of risk factors, i.e. smoking, heavy drinking, overweight, inadequate seatbelt use, Papanicolaou (pap) smear screening, mammography, colorectal screening, and influenza and pneumonia vaccination. Two hypotheses were examined: (1) given the distribution of each risk factor in the US population by age and sex, prevalences both of low and of high numbers of risk behaviours (but not of moderate numbers of risk behaviours) are greater than expected within each race/Hispanic origin-sex-age group; and (2) differences in socio-economic position among these groups account for the differences between observed and expected prevalences of numbers of risk factors. The second hypothesis was assessed both graphically by adjustment for income and education, and by multiple linear regression. The research found higher than expected prevalences of both low and high numbers of risk factors among whites and, possibly, among Hispanics. Among Asians prevalences were less than expected with greater numbers of risk factors. Among blacks and American Indians prevalences were lower than expected for low numbers of risk factors and were greater than expected with greater numbers of risk factors. Adjustment for income or education reduced differences between observed and expected prevalences. It appears that risk aversion and risk affinity vary substantially by race/Hispanic origin and are only partially explained by socio-economic position. Exploration of the causes of high and low risk behaviour may improve risk behaviour interventions.
Reconstruction of a high‐quality metabolic model enables the identification of gene overexpression targets for enhanced antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Streptomycetes are industrially and pharmaceutically important bacteria that produce a variety of secondary metabolites including antibiotics. Streptomycetes have a complex metabolic network responsible for the production of secondary metabolites and the utilization of organic residues present in soil. In this study, we reconstructed a high‐quality metabolic model for Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), designated iMK1208, in order to understand and engineer the metabolism of this model species. In comparison to iIB711, the previous metabolic model for S. coelicolor, the predictive power of iMK1208 was enhanced by the recent insights that enabled the incorporation of an updated biomass equation, stoichiometric matrix, and energetic parameters. iMK1208 was validated by comparing predictions with the experimental data for growth capability in various growth media. Furthermore, we applied a strain‐design algorithm, flux scanning based on enforced objective flux (FSEOF), to iMK1208 for actinorhodin overproduction. FSEOF results identified not only previously known gene overexpression targets such as actII‐ORF4 and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, but also novel targets such as branched‐chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase (BCDH). We constructed and evaluated the BCDH overexpression mutant, which showed a 52‐fold increase in actinorhodin production, validating the prediction power of iMK1208. Hence iMK1208 was shown to be a useful and valuable framework for studying the biotechnologically important Streptomyces species using the principles of systems biology and metabolic engineering.
Camelina as a sustainable oilseed crop: Contributions of plant breeding and genetic engineering

Camelina is an underutilized Brassicaceae oilseed plant with a considerable agronomic potential for biofuel and vegetable oil production in temperate regions. In contrast to most Brassicaceae, camelina is resistant to alternaria black spot and other diseases and pests. Sequencing of the camelina genome revealed an undifferentiated allohexaploid genome with a comparatively large number of genes and low percentage of repetitive DNA. As there is a close relationship between camelina and the genetic model plant Arabidopsis, this review aims at exploring the potential of translating basic Arabidopsis results into a camelina oilseed crop for food and non‐food applications. Recently, Arabidopsis genes for drought resistance or increased photosynthesis and overall productivity have successfully been expressed in camelina. In addition, gene constructs affecting lipid metabolism pathways have been engineered into camelina for synthesizing either long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids or high‐oleic oils in particular camelina strains, which is of great interest in human food, industrial or biofuel applications, respectively. These results confirm the potential of camelina to serve as a biotechnology platform in biorefinery applications thus justifying further investment in breeding and genetic research for combining agronomic potential, unique oil quality features and biosafety into an agricultural production system.
Edaravone attenuates oxidative stress induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion injury: role of ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

Abstract Objectives The potential protective effects and mechanisms of edaravone have not been well elucidated in vascular dementia (VaD) induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). The aim of this study was to investigate whether edaravone could improve cognitive damage in rats induced by CCH, and whether the effects of edaravone were associated with ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods CCH was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (sham-operated) group, vehicle (BCCAO + normal saline) group, edaravone3.0 group and edaravone6.0 group. The edaravone3.0 and edaravone6.0 group rats were provided 3.0 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg of edaravone, respectively, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection twice daily following the first day after BCCAO. In this experiment, the spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the hippocampus were measured biochemically. And, the levels of total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2), Phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), total Nrf2 (t-Nrf2), nuclear Nrf2 (n-Nrf2), and HO-1 were assessed by western blot. Results The results showed that the treatment with edaravone significantly improved CCH-induced cognitive damage, and boosted endogenous antioxidants SOD activity and HO-1 level, decreased MDA contents in the hippocampus by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway which was related to ERK1/2. We also found that the neuronal morphology of the hippocampal CA1 area significantly improved and the number of Nrf2 positive cells markedly increased in the edaravone treatment groups. Conclusion Our results demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of edaravone on hippocampus against oxidative stress and cognitive deficit induced by CCH. The mechanism may be related to the enhancement of antioxidant defense system by activating ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Is Ulnar Nerve Transposition Beneficial During Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Distal Humerus Fractures?

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of ulnar neuritis with and without ulnar nerve transposition during open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of distal humerus fractures. Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort series. Setting: Two Level I trauma centers. Patients: Two cohorts were identified: 89 patients (mean age, 48.6 years) who had not undergone an ulnar nerve transposition and 48 patients (mean age, 43.2 years) who had undergone a transposition during ORIF of a distal humerus fracture (Orthopaedic Trauma Association 13A or 13C). Intervention: All patients underwent ORIF of a distal humerus fracture with or without anterior subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition based on surgeon preference. Main Outcome Measure: Presence or absence of ulnar neuritis (ulnar-sided paresthesias, numbness, or intrinsic weakness) or reoperation related to ulnar nerve symptoms. Results: Average follow up was 9.6 months in the transposition group and 16.0 months in the nontransposition group. Transposition of the ulnar nerve was found to be an independent variable associated with ulnar neuritis (P < 0.001). The incidence of ulnar neuritis was 33% (16 of 48) with transposition and 9% (eight of 89) without transposition (P = 0.0003). Of the patients with ulnar neuritis, one patient in the nontransposition group (1%) and two patients in the transposition group (4%) required additional surgery specifically related to the ulnar nerve. One patient who had undergone transposition developed chronic motor and sensory denervation. Conclusion: Patients who underwent ulnar nerve transposition at the time of ORIF of distal humerus fractures had almost four times the incidence of ulnar neuritis than those without transposition. We do not recommend routine transposition of the ulnar nerve at the time of ORIF of distal humerus fractures.
A New Posterolateral Approach Without Fibula Osteotomy for the Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fractures

The selection of a surgical approach for the treatment of tibia plateau fractures is an important decision. Approximately 7% of all tibia plateau fractures affect the posterolateral corner. Displaced posterolateral tibia plateau fractures require anatomic articular reduction and buttress plate fixation on the posterior aspect. These aims are difficult to reach through a lateral or anterolateral approach. The standard posterolateral approach with fibula osteotomy and release of the posterolateral corner is a traumatic procedure, which includes the risk of fragment denudation. Isolated posterior approaches do not allow sufficient visual control of fracture reduction, especially if the fracture is complex. Therefore, the aim of this work was to present a surgical approach for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures that both protects the soft tissue and allows for good visual control of fracture reduction. The approach involves a lateral arthrotomy for visualizing the joint surface and a posterolateral approach for the fracture reduction and plate fixation, which are both achieved through one posterolateral skin incision. Using this approach, we achieved reduction of the articular surface and stable fixation in six of seven patients at the final follow-up visit. No complications and no loss of reduction were observed. Additionally, the new posterolateral approach permits direct visual exposure and facilitates the application of a buttress plate. Our approach does not require fibular osteotomy, and fragments of the posterolateral corner do not have to be detached from the soft tissue network.
Detecção de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes através de marcadores gerais e adiposidade abdominal

FUNDAMENTO: A obesidade esta ligada a hipertensao arterial (HA) na infância. Entretanto, o papel da gordura como preditor de HA em adolescentes permanece desconhecido. OBJETIVO: Investigar a associacao entre obesidade geral e abdominal com HA e identificar a sensibilidade e especificidade desses indicadores para detectar HA em adolescentes. METODOS: A amostra consistiu em 1.021 adolescentes com idade de 10-17 anos. Os individuos foram classificados como normal, sobrepeso/obesidade, de acordo com as medidas do IMC, e como nao-obeso com obesidade abdominal, de acordo com as medidas da circunferencia da cintura (CC). A pressao arterial sistolica (PAS) e diastolica (PAD) foi avaliada atraves de um dispositivo oscilometrico. Regressao logistica e curvas ROC foram usadas na analise estatistica. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia geral de HA foi 11,8% (13,4% em meninos e 10,2% em meninas). A prevalencia de HA em meninos e meninas com sobrepeso/obesidade foi 10% e 11,1%, respectivamente. A prevalencia de HA em meninos com obesidade abdominal foi 28,6%. Para ambos os sexos, o odds ratio (OR) para HA foi mais alto na obesidade abdominal do que no sobrepeso/obesidade geral (4,09 [ORIC95% = 2,57-6,51]) versus 1,83 [ORIC95% = 1,83-4,30]). O OR para HA foi mais alto quando sobrepeso/obesidade geral e obesidade abdominal estavam agrupados (OR = 4,35 [ORIC95% = 2,68 -7,05]), do que quando identificados como sobrepeso/obesidade geral ou obesidade abdominal apenas (OR = 1,32 [ORIC95% = 0,65- 2,68]). Entretanto, ambos os tipos de obesidade apresentavam baixo poder preditivo na deteccao de HA. CONCLUSAO: Obesidade geral e obesidade abdominal foram associadas com HA; entretanto, a sensibilidade e especificidade dessas variaveis na deteccao de HA sao baixas em adolescentes brasileiros.
The long‐lasting love affair between the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Epstein‐Barr virus

The Epstein‐Barr gammaherpesvirus (EBV) is the first oncogenic virus discovered in human. Indeed, EBV has been known for more than 50 years to be tightly associated with certain human cancers. As such, EBV has been the subject of extensive studies aiming at deciphering various aspects of its biological cycle, ranging from the regulation of its genome replication and maintenance to the induction of its lytic cycle, including the mechanisms that allow its immune evasion or that are related to its tumorogenicity. For more than 30 years the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has fruitfully contributed to a number of these studies. The aim of this article is to review the various aspects of EBV biology for which yeast has been instrumental, and to propose new possible applications for these yeast‐based assays, as well as the creation of further yeast models dedicated to EBV. This review article illustrates the tremendous potential of S. cerevisiae in integrated chemobiological approaches for the biomedical research.
Perceived Need for Substance Abuse Treatment Among White, Hispanic, and Black Juvenile Arrestees

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences with regard to perceived need for treatment among a sample of White, Hispanic, and Black drug-using male juvenile arrestees (N = 9618). Racial/ethnic differences among several predictors (frequent use of drugs, polysubstance use, self-reported dependency, past treatment utilization) were also examined. Our results indicate that while racial/ethnic differences with regard to perceived need for treatment do exist, those within all racial/ethnic groups who admit dependency and/or have had prior treatment experience are more likely to perceive that they need treatment than those who do not. However, significant differences exist between Whites and the other two racial/ethnic groups with regard to self-reported dependency and past treatment utilization. Implications for the study and recommendations for future researchers are presented.