Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Extent and Risk of Violent Victimization Among International College Students Enrolled in the United States: A Gendered Analysis

Although the risk of being violently victimized in college has been established for college students in the United States in general, this risk has not been explored for international college students. Using data from the Fall 2012 National College Health Assessment Survey, the extent to which international college students experience violent victimization is assessed. In addition, the risk factors for violent victimization for international students are compared with those for domestic students. Finally, in multivariate analyses, whether being an international student influences risk of violent victimization is examined and whether this relationship is moderated by gender is considered. Findings indicate that international students in general have lower risk profiles, in that they reported lower rates of drug use, binge drinking, being a first-year undergraduate student, and having a disability. Multivariate analyses, however, revealed that being an international student reduces the odds of violent victimization among only females.
The effect of the 5‐HT7 serotonin receptor agonist, LP44, on micturition in rats with chronic spinal cord injury

To better understand the effects of the selective 5‐HT7 receptor agonist 4‐[2‐(Methylthio)phenyl]‐N‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthalenyl)‐1‐piperazinehexanamide hydrochloride (LP44) on micturition in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats.
Cooperative frameworks and network models for flying ad hoc networks: a survey

Integrated frameworks have extended the applications of networks beyond a simple data sharing unit. Simultaneously, operating networks can form a layered structure that can operate as homogeneous as well as dissociated units. Networks using unmanned aerial vehicles follow similar criteria in their operability. Unmanned aerial vehicles can act as single searching unit controlled by human or can form an aerial swarm that can fly autonomously with the capability of forming an aerial network. Such aerial swarms are categorized as aerial ad hoc networks. Cooperation amongst different networks can be realized using various frameworks, models, architectures and middlewares. Several solutions have been developed that can provide easy network deployment of aerial nodes. However, a combined literature is not present that provides a comparison between these approaches. Keeping this in view, various cooperative approaches for similar formation using aerial vehicles have been discussed in this paper. The detailed study and comparative analysis of these approaches have been included. Further, the paper also includes various software solutions and their comparisons based on common parameters. Finally, various open issues have been discussed that can provide insight of ongoing research and problems that are yet to be resolved in these networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic Classification of Seafloor Image Data by Geospatial Texture Descriptors

A novel approach for automatic context-sensitive classification of spatially distributed image data is introduced. The proposed method targets applications of seafloor habitat mapping but is generally not limited to this domain or use case. Spatial context information is incorporated in a two-stage classification process, where in the second step a new descriptor for patterns of feature class occurrence according to a generically defined classification scheme is applied. The method is based on supervised machine learning, where numerous state-of-the-art approaches are applicable. The descriptor computation originates from texture analysis in digital image processing. Patterns of feature class occurrence are perceived as a texture-like phenomenon and the descriptors are therefore denoted by Geospatial Texture Descriptors. The proposed method was extensively validated based on a set of more than 4000 georeferenced video mosaics acquired at the H̊akon Mosby Mud Volcano north-west of Norway recorded during cruise ARK XIX3b of the German research vessel Polarstern. The underlying classification scheme was derived from a scheme developed for manual annotation of the same dataset applied in the course of Jerosch [2006]. Features of interest are related to methane discharge at mud volcanoes, which are considered a significant source of methane emission. In the experimental evaluation, based on the prepared training and test data, a major improvement of the classification precision compared to local classification as well as classification based on the raw data from the local spatial context was achieved by the application of the proposed method. The classification precision was particularly improved for rarely occurring classes. In a further comparison with annotated data available from Jerosch [2006] the regional setting of the investigation area obtained by the application of the proposed method was found almost equivalent to the results of an experienced scientist.
Anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies: a marker of antiphospholipid syndrome?

Anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I(antiβ2GPI) antibodies have been shown in animal models as not cross-reacting antibody populations. This observation prompted us to prove if anti-β2GPI exist in human sera by using a reliable method and then to investigate if these are independent from aCl antibodies. We have developed a new ELISA for the detection of anti-β2GPI antibodies employing the coating of the protein in carbonate buffer to irradiated microtitre plates and the filtration of serum samples, that makes irrelevant the binding to the uncoated wells. IgG F(ab)2 fragments from IgG positive sera were shown bind β2GPI, providing that the binding was a specific antibody binding, mediated by the antigen binding site of the antibody molecule; moreover the antibodies were not able to differentiate native and delipidated β2GPI coated plates, making a possible role of a phospholipid contaminant unlikely. On the other hand, the phosphorus content of native as well as delipitated β2GPI was undetectable. IgG, but not IgM, anti-β2GPI antibodies were classically inhibited by the addition of soluble β2GPI, while cardiolipin liposomes appear to modify the reaction in a completely different way, possibly by the described interaction between cardiolipin and β2GPI. The application of the new ELISA to the study of patients has shown that: (1) the presence of anti-β2GPI is statistically associated with the presence of aCL antibodies (P < 0.0001), (2) anti-β2GPI antibodies are related to the classical features of antiphospholipid syndrome (thrombosis: P < 0.001; fetal loss: P < 0.001) while, in this series of patients, aCl antibodies are not (thrombosis: P < 0.126; fetal loss: P < 0.061).
Distributed Self-Reconfiguration of M-TRAN III Modular Robotic System

A new prototype of a self-reconfigurable modular robot, M-TRAN III, has been developed, with an improved fast and rigid connection mechanism. Using a distributed controller, various control modes are possible: single-master, globally synchronous control or parallel asynchronous control. Self-reconfiguration experiments using up to 24 modules were undertaken by centralized or decentralized control. Experiments using decentralized control examined a modular structure moved in a given direction as a flow produced by local self-reconfigurations. In all experiments, system homogeneity and scalability were maintained: modules used identical software except for their ID numbers. Identical self-reconfiguration was realized when different modules were used in initial configurations.
Multidisciplinary education outcomes of the W.K. Kellogg Community Partnerships and Health Professions Education initiative.

This evaluation highlights several points to be considered by others instituting multidisciplinary approaches to health professions education. Community-based, multidisciplinary experiences appear to reinforce support students' interests in pursuing primary care careers. The multidisciplinary, community-based approach to health professions education did not affect academic learning. Project leaders and students reported no risks in terms of board scores between CPHPE students and others in traditional programs. The multidisciplinary, community-based approach to health professions education created opportunities at some sites for students to see "team medicine" in action. It was practical and helped students to understand how they could be more effective in their roles as opposed to competitive. Students require socialization within their own individual disciplines as well as socialization across disciplines. The differences in the structures of traditional health professions education schools interfered with the development of multidisciplinary contexts for learning at some sites. Campus faculty were not necessarily socialized to engage in multidisciplinary efforts. Their disciplines generally do not recognize and reward this behavior. Early and continuous faculty development may significantly help projects to improve communication and develop a better understanding of the contexts of curricular changes across disciplines. This evaluation was exploratory. Further research is needed to better understand what forms of multidisciplinary curriculum are most effective and economically feasible, what forms survive over time, and whether the intended final outcomes of the CPHPE initiative are achieved, not only with medical students but also with the other health professions students.
An intranasal administration of Lactococcus lactis strains expressing recombinant interleukin‐10 modulates acute allergic airway inflammation in a murine model

Background Around 300 million people world‐wide suffer from asthma, and the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased. Much effort has been used in the study of mechanisms involved in the immune response observed in asthma to intervene for the treatment of this condition. During inflammation in asthma, Th2 cytokines and eosinophils are essential components of the host immune system. Furthermore, for therapeutic interventions against this disease, IL‐10 is an important cytokine because it has a central role in the regulation of inflammatory cascades.
Career intentions and dropout causes among medical students in Kazakhstan.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The number of new entrants to higher medical schools of Kazakhstan increased by 1.6 times from 2007 to 2012. However, it is not known how it will affect the shortage of human resources for health. Additionally, human resources for health in rural areas of Kazakhstan are 4 times scarcer than in urban areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intentions of students toward their professional future and readiness to work in rural areas, as well as to determine the causes for dropping out from medical schools. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2 medical universities in Almaty during the academic year 2011-2012. The study sample included medical students and interns. In total, 2388 students participated in the survey. The survey tool was an anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS The students of the first years of studies compared with those of later years of studies were more optimistic about the profession and had more intentions to work in the medical field. Only 8% of the students reported a wish to work in rural localities. On the other hand, 4% of the students did not plan to pursue the profession. On the average, every third medical student dropped out on his/her own request. CONCLUSIONS Associations between intentions to work according to the profession and the year of studies, faculty, and residence area before enrolling in a medical school were documented. The majority of the students who came from rural areas preferred to stay and look for work in a city, which might contribute to an unequal distribution of physicians across the country.
Tumorigenic poxviruses: construction of the composite physical map of the Shope fibroma virus genome

The sites for the restriction enzymes BamHI, Bg/I, HindIII, PstI, PvuII, and SstI on the linear DNA genome of Shope fibroma virus, a tumorigenic poxvirus of rabbits, have been determined by digestions of the cloned BamHI and HindIII restriction fragments and by hybridization of 32P-labeled cloned fragments to Southern blots of Shope fibroma virus DNA cleaved partially or completely with the various enzymes. The linear genome is shown to be 160 kilobases in length and to possess terminal inverted repeat sequences of between 12.2 and 12.5 kilobases extending inwards from the cross-linked DNA telomeres. The fine map of the Shope fibroma virus terminal inverted repeats has been constructed and shown to be distinctly different from that of members of the orthopoxvirus group, such as vaccinia, by the absence of detectable tandemly repeated sequences near the termini and by the lack of detectable sequence homology with vaccinia termini.
Simple expressions for optimal current waveforms for permanent-magnet synchronous machine drives

Current waveform shaping, which can be used to mitigate torque ripple and reduce rms current in permanent-magnet synchronous drives, is revisited. Previous work involved limiting assumptions and relatively complex formulations for the optimal current waveforms. In this work, the assumptions are removed, and simultaneously, far simpler expressions are set forth. The formulas developed are verified with simulation by experimentation. An interesting result is that failure to account for asymmetry and imbalance can lead to torque ripple that is on the order of the cogging torque in some machines. This work overcomes this problem with no extra effort.
REVIEW: Preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV: successes and challenges

Mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV continues to be a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in resource‐poor settings. Intrapartum and postpartum nevirapine‐based regimens have been introduced in many settings. New research has shown that better efficacy can be achieved with the addition of single‐dose nevirapine to short course zidovudine regimens, and that selection of nevirapine‐resistant virus can be reduced with a short postpartum combination antiretroviral cover. Women who need antiretroviral therapy for their own health should receive it in pregnancy, and access for pregnant women needs to be expanded urgently. The reduction of transmission through breastfeeding remains a challenge.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with active psoriatic arthritis, patients with inactive psoriatic arthritis, and healthy controls. Serum VEGF levels were correlated with clinical and laboratory features in patients with active psoriasis arthritis. METHODS Serum samples from 14 patients with active psoriatic arthritis, 14 patients with inactive psoriatic arthritis, and 9 healthy controls were investigated. VEGF levels in the serum were measured using a sensitive sandwich ELISA. RESULTS The mean serum VEGF concentration in patients with active PA was 394.4 pg/ml (394 +/- 171.8), in patients with inactive PA 200.4 pg/ml (200.4 +/- 115.7), and in healthy subjects 214.3 pg/ml (214.3 +/- 162.1). Patients with active psoriasis arthritis had significantly higher levels of VEGF compared to patients with inactive psoriasis arthritis and healthy individuals (p > 0.001). In contrast, VEGF levels were comparable in patients with inactive psoriatic arthritis and controls (p =0.659). Furthermore, in patients with psoriatic arthritis, VEGF levels were positively correlated with ESR, HAQ, PASI and VAS. CONCLUSION VEGF levels may be regarded as a good indicator of active psoriasis arthritis.
Search Engine Advertising Adoption and Utilization: An Empirical Investigation of Inflectional Factors

Search engine advertising (SEA) is a prominent source of revenue for search engine companies, and also a solution for businesses to promote their visibility on the web. However, there is little academic research available about the factors and the extent to which they may influence businesses’ decision to adopt SEA. Building on Theory of Planned Behavior, Technology Acceptance Model, and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, this study develops a context-specific model for understanding the factors that influence the decision of businesses to use SEA. Using structural equation modeling and survey data collected from 142 businesses, this research finds that the intention of businesses to use SEA is directly influenced by four factors: (i) attitude toward SEA, (ii) subjective norms, (iii) perceived control over SEA, and (iv) perceived benefits of SEA in terms of increasing web traffic, increasing sales and creating awareness. Furthermore, the research we discover six additional factors that have an indirect influence: (i) trust in search engines, (ii) perceived risk of SEA, (iii) ability to manage keywords and bids, (iv) ability to analyze and monitor outcomes, (v) advertising expertise, and (vi) using external experts.
Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak pathogen of banana: progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection, disease development, and the challenges of control.

BACKGROUND Banana (Musa spp.) is grown throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The fruits are a key staple food in many developing countries and a source of income for subsistence farmers. Bananas are also a major, multibillion-dollar export commodity for consumption primarily in developed countries, where few banana cultivars are grown. The fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis causes black leaf streak disease (BLSD; aka black Sigatoka leaf spot) on the majority of edible banana cultivars grown worldwide. The fact that most of these cultivars are sterile and unsuitable for the breeding of resistant lines necessitates the extensive use of fungicides as the primary means of disease control. BLSD is a significant threat to the food security of resource-poor populations who cannot afford fungicides, and increases the environmental and health hazards where large-acreage monocultures of banana (Cavendish subgroup, AAA genome) are grown for export. TAXONOMY Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet is a sexual, heterothallic fungus having Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton as the anamorph stage. It is a haploid, hemibiotrophic ascomycete within the class Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales and family Mycosphaerellaceae. Its taxonomic placement is based on DNA phylogeny, morphological analyses and cultural characteristics. DISEASE SYMPTOMS AND HOST RANGE Mycosphaerella fijiensis is a leaf pathogen that causes reddish-brown streaks running parallel to the leaf veins, which aggregate to form larger, dark-brown to black compound streaks. These streaks eventually form fusiform or elliptical lesions that coalesce, form a water-soaked border with a yellow halo and, eventually, merge to cause extensive leaf necrosis. The disease does not kill the plants immediately, but weakens them by decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, causing a reduction in the quantity and quality of fruit, and inducing the premature ripening of fruit harvested from infected plants. Although Musa spp. are the primary hosts of M. fijiensis, the ornamental plant Heliconia psittacorum has been reported as an alternative host. NEW OPPORTUNITIES Several valuable tools and resources have been developed to overcome some of the challenges of studying this host-pathogen system. These include a DNA-mediated fungal transformation system and the ability to conduct targeted gene disruptions, reliable quantitative plant bioassays, diagnostic probes to detect and differentiate M. fijiensis from related pathogens and to distinguish strains of different mating types, and a genome sequence that has revealed a wealth of gene sequences and molecular markers to be utilized in functional and population biology studies. USEFUL WEBSITES http://bananas.bioversityinternational. org/, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Mycfi2/Mycfi2.home. html, http://www.isppweb. org/names_banana_pathogen. asp#fun, http://www.promusa. org/.
Improving liver allocation: MELD and PELD

On February 27, 2002, the liver allocation system changed from a status‐based algorithm to one using a continuous MELD/PELD severity score to prioritize patients on the waiting list. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we examine and discuss several aspects of the new allocation, including the development and evolution of MELD and PELD, the relationship between the two scoring systems, and the resulting effect on access to transplantation and waiting list mortality. Additional considerations, such as regional differences in MELD/PELD at transplantation and the predictive effects of rapidly changing MELD/PELD, are also addressed.
Predictors of success and failure in a CS1 course

We present the results of a survey that focuses on the backgrounds and expectations of a group of CS1 students in the first weeks of semester. When comparing their survey answers to their final grades on the course, we saw some surprising things: the group which indicated an intention to continue in computer science did no better than any other, and the strongest single indicator of success seems to be "expecting to get an A from the course. "
Evaluation of Delayed Input Effects to PSS Interarea Damping Control Design

Wide-area controllers have been proposed to enhance the dynamic performance of large interconnected power systems. The time delay existing in the data communication may be a detriment to wide area control system stability. This paper analyzes the effect of time delay on the additional interarea damping control (AIADC) design of PSS. The AIADC is proposed for generators' excitation controllers and the wide area feedback control loop is chosen according to residue matrix. Pade approximation method is used to express time delay and state space model implying time delay is represented. The effect of delayed input signal is demonstrated by eigenvalue analysis and it can be diminished by using genetic algorithm (GA) to derive AIADC parameters. The effect of time delay on AIADC design is studied on a two-area four-machine system.
Nurses with Sensory Disabilities: Their Perceptions and Characteristics

&NA; A survey design was used to explore the perceptions and characteristics of registered nurses (RNs) with sensory disabilities and their risk for leaving their jobs. An earlier study found that nurses with disabilities are leaving nursing and that employers do not appear to support these nurses. Work instability and the mismatch between a nurse's perceptions of his or her ability and the demands of their work increase risk for job retention problems. This study's convenience sample of U.S. RNs had hearing, vision, or communication disabilities. Participants completed a demographic form, three U.S. Census questions, and the Nurse‐Work Instability Survey. Hospital nurses were three times more likely to be at risk for retention problems. Nurses with hearing disabilities were frustrated at work. Hearing difficulties increased with years spent working as a nurse. Many nurses with sensory disabilities have left nursing. Early intervention may prevent work instability and increase retention, and rehabilitation nurses are ideally positioned to lead early intervention programs.