Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HVIGBT Physical Model Analysis During Transient

The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) physical models are studied in details. The difference between low-voltage IGBT (LVIGBT) and high-voltage IGBT (HVIGBT) is analyzed and the shortage of the LVIGBT model used for HVIGBT is discussed. The physical model considering the effect of carrier concentrate on excess carrier lifetime is established for HVIGBT. The HVIGBT transient model is presented with different excess carrier lifetime in the base. The new description of steady-state U-I characteristics is also obtained with numerical method. The test experiment was performed in a Buck converter using 6500 V HVIGBT with different bus voltage and load current. The accuracy of the transient model of HVIGBT is verified by experiment and simulation results. The verification of some key parameters to describe the external characteristics is also given in the paper.
Resistivity of La1.825Sr0.175CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7 to 1100 K: Absence of saturation and its implications.

Resistivity was measured from T/sub c/ to 1100 K for La/sub 1.825/Sr/sub 0.175/CuO/sub 4/, where it is linear to 1100 K, and for YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/, where it is linear to 600 K, increases faster than linear at T>600 K because of loss of oxygen, and changes slope at the 950-K structural transition. The observed absence of saturation in the linear parts of the data implies weak electron-phonon coupling in both superconductors, thus excluding the possibility of phonon-mediated superconductivity. Values of the plasma energy are derived in combination with other experimental data.
What Secondary School Career Advisors in New Zealand Know about Pharmacy and How that Knowledge Affects Student Career Choices

Objective. To explore what career advisors at secondary schools (high schools) in New Zealand know about the pharmacy profession, how they obtain that knowledge, and what their potential influence is on students’ decisions to study pharmacy. Methods. This study employed a cross sectional questionnaire design. A postal questionnaire was sent to 250 randomly selected secondary schools in New Zealand. Results. The response rate was 112/248 (45%). Responding career advisors were familiar with many of the roles of pharmacists (mean knowledge score 11.5 out of 16). Over 90% of career advisors were familiar with the roles of pharmacists in the community setting; however, many had a poorer understanding of other pharmacist roles. One suggestion for improving the promotion of pharmacy within secondary schools was a greater involvement of pharmacists and pharmacy students in the promotion of pharmacy as a profession. Conclusion. Career advisors need a broader understanding of the potential roles of pharmacists. Increasing contact from practicing pharmacists and undergraduate pharmacy students are potential ways of increasing student interest in pharmacy.
Human Neural Stem Cells Genetically Modified to Express Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Gene Restore Cognition in the Mouse with Ibotenic Acid-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by degeneration and loss of neurons and synapses throughout the brain, causing the progressive decline in cognitive function leading to dementia. No effective treatment is currently available. Nerve growth factor (NGF) therapy has been proposed as a potential treatment of preventing degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in AD. In a previous study, AD patient's own fibroblasts genetically modified to produce NGF were transplanted directly into the brain and protected cholinergic neurons from degeneration and improved cognitive function in AD patients. In the present study, human neural stem cells (NSCs) are used in place of fibroblasts to deliver NGF in ibotenic acid-induced learning-deficit rats. Intrahippocampal injection of ibotenic acid caused severe neuronal loss, resulting in learning and memory deficit. NGF protein released by F3.NGF human NSCs in culture medium is 10-fold over the control F3 naive NSCs at 1.2 μg/106 cells/day. Overexpression of NGF in F3.NGF cells induced improved survival of NSCs from cytotoxic agents H2O2, Aβ, or ibotenic acid in vitro. Intrahippocampal transplantation of F3.NGF cells was found to express NGF and fully improved the learning and memory function of ibotenic acid-challenged animals. Transplanted F3.NGF cells were found all over the brain and differentiated into neurons and astrocytes. The present study demonstrates that human NSCs overexpressing NGF improve cognitive function of learning-deficit model mice.
Hemin offers neuroprotection through inducing exogenous neuroglobin in focal cerebral hypoxic-ischemia in rats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inducible effect of hemin on exogenous neuroglobin (Ngb) in focal cerebral hypoxic-ischemia in rats. METHODS 125 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation control group, operation group, hemin treatment group, exogenous Ngb treatment group, and hemin and exogenous Ngb joint treatment group. Twenty-four hours after focal cerebral hypoxic-ischemia, Ngb expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and western blot analyses, while the brain water content and infarct volume were examined. RESULTS Immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and western blot analyses showed more pronounced Ngb expression in the hemin and exogenous Ngb joint operation group than in the hemin or exogenous Ngb individual treatment groups, thus producing significant differences in brain water content and infarct volume (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hemin may be beneficial in protecting against focal cerebral hypoxic-ischemia through inducing the expression of exogenous Ngb.
Cutting Edge: Expansion of the KIR Locus by Unequal Crossing Over 1

The killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes have high sequence similarity and are organized in a head-to-tail fashion. These properties may enhance misalignment of homologous chromosomes during synapsis preceding meiotic recombination, resulting in unequal crossing over. We have identified an extended KIR haplotype that contains a novel hybrid gene and two copies of each of two previously described KIR genes. A parsimonious mechanism for the derivation of this haplotype invokes unequal crossing over between two known ancestral KIR haplotypes. These data raise the possibility that unequal crossing over may be responsible in part for the expansion/contraction of KIR haplotypes as well as other homologous gene families that map in tandem.
Impaired anticipatory postural adjustments due to experimental infrapatellar fat pad pain

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are motor responses generated to stabilize balance prior to voluntary movement. This study investigated how infrapatellar fat pad pain induces reorganization of APAs during reaction time tasks. It has been hypothesized that knee pain may cause insufficient APAs, thereby impairing the balance.
Congestion games: Equilibria, convergence and complexity

Congestion games model the allocation of resources by selfish players. For example, players aim at allocating shortest paths in a network. The cost (delay) of a resource (edge) is assumed to be a function of the congestion, i.e., the number of players allocating the resource. We survey results about the existence and complexity of Nash equilibria in different variants of congestion games. Towards this end, we draw a connection to the complexity of local search and elaborate on the complexity class PLS (Polynomial Local Search).
The Significance of the Water Tree Growth Law

The values of n that have been reported [2-8] vary with the controlled variables such as field frequency and temperature, and the question arises as to whether its magnitude is of interest or not in the study of water trees. Of course the value is important if Eqs. (1) and (2) are used predictively to assess the susceptibility of insulation to water treeing over a long period, but can n yield any information concerning the mechanism of water treeing? That it does so is demonstrated by integration of Eqs. (1) and (2) which show that n is related to the tree length dependence of the growth rate. Thus the value of n is determined by the way in which the growth rate is governed by previous growth.
Solutions fortes, solutions faibles d'équations aux dérivées partielles d'évolution.

Nous exposons en introduction quelques generalites sur les solutions fortes et les solutions faibles d'equations aux derivees partielles. Le chapitre 2 est consacre a l'etude des multiplicateurs et des paramultiplicateurs entre espaces de Sobolev. Si l'operateur de multiplication ponctuelle par une fonction est borne d'un espace de Sobolev dans un autre, on dit que cette fonction est un multiplicateur entre ces espaces. On definit de meme les paramultiplicateurs par le caractere borne de l'operateur de paraproduit de Bony. Nous prouvons une caracterisation presque complete des espaces de multiplicateurs et de paramultiplicateurs. Cette caracterisation est appliquee dans le chapitre 3 au probleme de l'unicite fort-faible pour l'equation de Navier-Stokes en dimension d > ou = 3. Elle nous permet de prouver un theoreme d'unicite fort-faible generalisant presque tous les resultats connus. Nous nous interessons dans le chapitre 4 aux solutions d'energie infeie de l'equation de Navier-Stokes en dimension 2. Un theoreme de Gallagher et Planchon affirme qu'une solution globale existe si la donnee initiale appartient a un espace de Besov critique ; nous etendons ce theoreme au cas ou u0 appartient @BMO, qui semble optimal. Nous prouvons dans le chapitre 5 des resultats d'existence globale pour l'equation des ondes semi-lineaire critique (avec non-linearite polynomiale), pour une donnee initiale d'energie infinie et de norme arbitrairement grande. Deux methodes d'interpolation non-lineaire sont employees : la methode de Calderon et la methode de Bourgain ; elles donnent des resultats complementaires. Le chapitre 6 est consacre a des rappels, et nous mentionnons dans le chapitre 7 quelques perspectives possibles.
Patient Factors Predicting Dropout from Supportive-Expressive Psychotherapy for Patients with Personality Disorders

In this prospective study of psychiatric outpatients with personality disorders, the authors examined patient factors that predicted dropout from supportive-expressive (SE) psychotherapy. Eighty patients were randomized to 40 sessions of time-limited SE psychotherapy. The dropout rate was 35%; 50% of dropouts terminated psychotherapy before Session 7, and 10% were nonengagers. A model including age, type of Axis II cluster, total amount of interpersonal distress, and degree of focus on 1 particular type of interpersonal problem predicted 71% of the completers and 50% of the dropouts. The prediction model was more accurate for men than women. The findings regarding age and type of Axis II cluster are consistent with those of prior studies. The findings for total amount of interpersonal distress and degree of focus on 1 particular type of interpersonal problem are in accordance with key concepts in interpersonal theory and research. Thus, patients' manner of relating to others is associated with dropout. Researchers are encouraged to examine the association between interpersonal factors and dropout in greater depth.
Embedded capacitive sensor system for hip surgery rehabilitation: Online measurements and long-term stability

We are developing an embedded system that measures the force between foot and insole with a low-cost laminated capacitive sensor matrix. The system is intended to guide a hip surgery patient to train the operated leg with a suitable force. In this paper, we present an embedded measurement system, which is able to estimate the total plantar force in real-time and to give instant feedback to a user. We also present a method for compensating the drift of capacitive sensors. A 5-hour long test measurement was made in order to validate the system. According to the preliminary test, the compensation method effectively prevents the drift of the baseline of the force reading.
Determinants of survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia treated in the new era of oral therapy: findings from a UK population-based patient cohort

Objectives To examine contemporary survival patterns in the general population of patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and to identify patient groups with less than optimal outcomes. Design Prospective population-based cohort. Setting The UK's Haematological Malignancy Research Network (catchment population 3.6 million, with >2000 new haematological malignancies diagnosed annually). Participants All patients newly diagnosed with CML, from September 2004 to August 2011 and followed up to 31 March 2013. Main outcome measure Incidence and survival. Results With a median diagnostic age of 59 years, the CML age standardised (European) incidence was 0.9/100 000 (95% CIs 0.8 to 0.9), 5-year overall survival was 78.9% (72.3 to 84.0) and 5-year relative survival 88.6% (81.0 to 93.3). The efficacy of treatment across all ages was clearly demonstrated; the relative survival curves for those under 60 and over 60 years being closely aligned. Survival findings were similar for men and women, but varied with deprivation; the age and sex adjusted HR being 3.43 (1.89 to 6.22) for deprivation categories 4–5 (less affluent) versus 1–3 (more affluent). None of these differences were attributable to the biological features of the disease. Conclusions When therapy is freely provided, population-based survival for CML is similar to that reported in clinical trials, and age loses its prognostic significance. However, although most of the patients with CML now experience close to normal lifespans, those living in more deprived areas tend to have poorer outcomes, despite receiving the same clinical care. A significant improvement in overall population outcomes could be achieved if these socioeconomic differences, which may reflect the treatment compliance, could be eliminated.
Pilot study of safety and tolerability of inhaled hypertonic saline in infants with cystic fibrosis

Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) positively affects both lung function and pulmonary exacerbations in children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Early initiation of treatment may potentially reduce lung function decline and improve outcome of CF patients. However, the safety and tolerability of HS have not been established in infants and young children. We conducted a prospective trial of inhaled HS in infants with CF. Raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) maneuvers were performed at baseline, 10 min after salbutamol inhalation and 15 min after inhalation of a 7% HS solution. Oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and cough frequency were recorded during each inhalation. A clinically important change in lung function was defined a priori as a change in FEV 0.5 of ≥20%. Thirteen infants (5 female) aged 25–140 weeks were enrolled in the study. Overall, there was no difference between FEV0.5 or FEF25–75 at baseline, after bronchodilator or after HS. Respiratory and heart rate as well as oxygen saturation remained stable during inhalation of the HS. Three infants had cough during inhalation; one of the infants woke up due to cough but recovered within 5 min. No other side effects were observed during or immediately after inhalation. There was no difference in microbiologic yield between pre‐ and post‐HS throat swabs. In this pilot study, inhalation of HS was well tolerated in CF infants. These results support a study of the efficacy of HS in this age group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:471–476. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of warning symbols in combination with education on the frequency of erroneously crushing medication in nursing homes: an uncontrolled before and after study

Objectives Residents of nursing homes often have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), which complicates the administration of solid oral dosage formulations. Erroneously crushing medication is common, but few interventions have been tested to improve medication safety. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of warning symbols in combination with education on the frequency of erroneously crushing medication in nursing homes. Setting This was a prospective uncontrolled intervention study with a preintervention and postintervention measurement. The study was conducted on 18 wards (total of 200 beds) in 3 nursing homes in the North of the Netherlands. Participants We observed 36 nurses/nursing assistants (92% female; 92% nursing assistants) administering medication to 197 patients (62.9% female; mean age 81.6). Intervention The intervention consisted of a set of warning symbols printed on each patient's unit dose packaging indicating whether or not a medication could be crushed as well as education of ward staff (lectures, newsletter and poster). Primary outcome measure The relative risk (RR) of a crushing error occurring in the postintervention period compared to the preintervention period. A crushing error was defined as the crushing of a medication considered unsuitable to be crushed based on standard reference sources. Data were collected using direct (disguised) observation of nurses during drug administration. Results The crushing error rate decreased from 3.1% (21 wrongly crushed medicines out of 681 administrations) to 0.5% (3/636), RR=0.15 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.51). Likewise, there was a significant reduction using data from patients with swallowing difficulties only, 87.5% (21 errors/24 medications) to 30.0% (3/10) (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.89). Medications which were erroneously crushed included enteric-coated formulations (eg, omeprazole), medication with regulated release systems (eg, Persantin; dipyridamol) and toxic substances (eg, finasteride). Conclusions Warning symbols combined with education reduced erroneous crushing of medication, a well-known and common problem in nursing homes.
Repercussões oxi-hemodinâmicas do banho no paciente em estado crítico adulto hospitalizado: revisão sistemática

Objectives: To identify scientific evidence on the impact of hemodynamic oxygenation of the bathing in the adult patient hospitalized in critical condition; to verify the possibility of establishing criteria for the indication of the bathing in that patient, based on hemodynamic effects of oxygenation in different clinical situations. Methods: Systematic review of primary and secondary literature, without restriction of time or language. PIO strategy used: P (problem) = “Intensive Care Units” and variations, I (intervention) = bathing and variations; O (result) = “Hemodynamic Phenomena” / “Oxygen Consumption” and variations. Sources: CINAHL databases, Dedalus, EMBASE, COCHRANE, LILACS, PubMed / MEDLINE; libraries of Nursing Schools, Fluminense Federal University and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; cross references, and, articles from PubMed and ISI. Results: Of 44,597 references six quasi-experiments remained. During the bathing, mixed venous oxygen saturation declined significantly from baseline, being restored 30 minutes later. Conclusion: The conditions that increase risk are: bathing less than four hours after cardiac surgery, prolonged lateral decubitus positioning, and, bathing time exceeding 20 minutes: maintenance of water temperature at 40 ° C, for protection.
Prevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE study.

CONTEXT Major depressive disorder, the most common psychiatric illness, is often chronic and a major cause of disability. Many patients with major depressive episodes who have an underlying but unrecognized bipolar disorder receive pharmacologic treatment with ineffective regimens that do not include mood stabilizers. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of bipolar disorder symptoms in patients seeking treatment for a major depressive episode. DESIGN Multicenter, multinational, transcultural, cross-sectional, diagnostic study. The study arose from the initiative Bipolar Disorders: Improving Diagnosis, Guidance and Education (BRIDGE). SETTING Community and hospital psychiatry departments. PATIENTS Participants included 5635 adults with an ongoing major depressive episode. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequency of bipolar disorder was determined by applying both DSM-IV-TR criteria and previously described bipolarity specifier criteria. Variables associated with bipolarity were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 903 patients fulfilled DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder (16.0%; 95% confidence interval, 15.1%-17.0%), whereas 2647 (47.0%; 95% confidence interval, 45.7%-48.3%) met the bipolarity specifier criteria. Using both definitions, significant associations (odds ratio > 2; P < .001) with bipolarity were observed for family history of mania/hypomania and multiple past mood episodes. The bipolarity specifier additionally identified significant associations for manic/hypomanic states during antidepressant therapy, current mixed mood symptoms, and comorbid substance use disorder. CONCLUSIONS The bipolar-specifier criteria in comparison with DSM-IV-TR criteria were valid and identified an additional 31% of patients with major depressive episodes who scored positive on the bipolarity criteria. Family history, illness course, and clinical status, in addition to DSM-IV-TR criteria, may provide useful information for physicians when assessing evidence of bipolarity in patients with major depressive episodes. Such an assessment is recommended before deciding on treatment.
The scientific status of electro-convulsive therapy

Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) has been available for just over 40 years, whereas neuroleptic drugs have recently celebrated their 25th anniversary. Yet much more is known of the magnitude and scope of effectiveness, the mechanism of action, and even the adverse effects, of neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia than of electro-convulsive therapy in depression. Research on drug therapy of schizophrenia has advanced rapidly in the past 15 years while clinical research on ECT has progressed little. Until recently, basic research on possible mechanisms of action was also very limited. It seems unlikely that this state of affairs presages the demise of convulsant therapy as a major treatment modality. Despite criticisms from a number of sources, most psychiatrists remain convinced that ECT has a unique place in the treatment of depression. Yet it is an entirely empirical treatment. In this respect it is far from unique in medicine; but it must be unusual for a treatment to remain widely used and so little understood for so long a period. Advances in understanding mechanisms of action are desirable but many purely clinical questions remain unanswered. The Department of Health and Social Security and the Royal College of Psychiatrists are ascertaining the extent to which ECT is now used in British hospitals. It seems possible that a number of smaller projects, if properly designed, could provide answers to some outstanding questions concerning the scope and indications for this treatment. Such answers might substantially influence current practice, based as it is on information from trials carried out when antidepressant medications were relatively new, and to a large extent upon the individual clinician's intuition.