Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
History and application of artificial neural networks in dentistry

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is a commonly used term in daily life, and there are now two subconcepts that divide the entire range of meanings currently encompassed by the term. The coexistence of the concepts of strong and weak AI can be seen as a result of the recognition of the limits of mathematical and engineering concepts that have dominated the definition. This presentation reviewed the concept, history, and the current application of AI in daily life. Applications of AI are becoming a reality that is commonplace in all areas of modern human life. Efforts to develop robots controlled by AI have been continuously carried out to maximize human convenience. AI has also been applied in the medical decision-making process, and these AI systems can help nonspecialists to obtain expert-level information. Artificial neural networks are highly interconnected networks of computer processors inspired by biological nervous systems. These systems may help connect dental professionals all over the world. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. This presentation reviewed the history of artificial neural networks in the medical and dental fields, as well as current application in dentistry. As the use of AI in the entire medical field increases, the role of AI in dentistry will be greatly expanded. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. In addition to diagnosis of visually confirmed dental caries and impacted teeth, studies applying machine learning based on artificial neural networks to dental treatment through analysis of dental magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cephalometric radiography are actively underway, and some visible results are emerging at a rapid pace for commercialization.
Identification and validation of QTLs for 100-seed weight using chromosome segment substitution lines in soybean

The 100-seed weight (100SW) is one of the most important traits that control soybean yield. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) of 100SW, 120 BC3F5 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) were cultivated over three years. The CSSLs were developed from a cross between the cultivated soybean variety ‘Jackson’ and the wild soybean accession ‘JWS156-1’, followed by continuous backcrossing using ‘Jackson’ variety as a recurrent parent. A total of nine QTLs (qSW8.1, qSW9.1, qSW12.1, qSW13.1, qSW14.1, qSW16.1, qSW17.1, qSW17.2, and qSW20.1) were detected on eight chromosomes. Of these, qSW12.1 (LOD = 6.78–12.31) was detected over the three successive years on chromosome 12 as a novel, stable, and major QTL. To validate the effect of qSW12.1, a residual heterozygous line (RHL), RHL564, which showed heterozygous at the qSW12.1 region, was selected from the BC3F5 population. Of the two homologous genotypes in the progenies produced by self-pollination of RHL564, a higher seed weight was observed in the ‘Jackson’ genotype plants than that in the ‘JWS156-1’ genotype plants. qSW12.1 was delimited in an interval of approximately 1,348 kb between the BARCSOYSSR_12_1282 and BARCSOYSSR_12_1347 markers on chromosome 12.
Structured Abstracts: Still More

TO THE EDITOR: 1 July 1995 marked 5 years since Haynes and colleagues' explicit recommendations on structured abstracts first appeared [1]. These recommendations were later approved, supported, and endorsed [2]. The scientific community has accepted the recommendations in principle, but it remains to be seen whether the principle was put into practice and, if so, to what extent. I searched the MEDLINE database for clinical trials appearing in English-language clinical journals published since 1 July 1990. The structured abstracts fit into one of the five following formats: format 1: Objective/Purpose, Design, Setting, Participants/Subjects/Patients, Interventions, Main Outcome Measures/Measurements, Results, and Conclusions; format 2: format 1 without Setting; format 3: format 1 without Interventions; format 4: Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions; and format 5: Purpose in place of Background in format 4. Table 1 shows the year and format distribution of the included articles. Combined, the obviously more informative formats (1, 2, and 3) were used in less than one tenth of all publications. Formats 4 and 5, however, appeared to have become popular rapidly. In the last 5 years, only 28.5% of the abstracts have been structured. This indicates that most abstracts remain unstructured. Table 1. Year and Format Distribution of Clinical Trial Abstracts Clinical trials are experiments. Maximum precision is deemed necessary in scientific experiments and in their reports. If more than 70% of the reports of such experiments worldwide are not reported in an ordered fashion, medical journals must adhere to a more stringent strategy for accepting articles. If all journals require every clinical trial report to be accompanied by a structured (format 1) abstract with a limit of 250 words, the uniformity will certainly facilitate both the dissemination and comparison of information. The present trend is to shun abstracts for meta-analysis, a practice that seems justifiable. However, with an ever-increasing demand of evidence-based medicine and more uniformity in reporting clinical trialsapart from the often emphasized advantagesthe abstracts may become useful in meta-analytical summaries, if not in meta-analytical policymaking.
Digitized Morphometric Analysis using Maxillary Canine and Mandibular First Molar for Age Estimation in South Indian Population

Background: In recent years, the estimation of age in living individuals have become important to solve judicial or civil problems. Secondary dentin deposition occurs as the age advances and can be measured by calculating the reduction in pulp chamber through Noninvasive radiograph techniques. Aim: The aim is to derive precise population specific formulae for age estimation. Materials and Methods: Digitalized Orthopantomography of 150 subjects, was retrieved. The subjects were divided into study and test group. Pulp tooth area ratio was recorded from the maxillary canine and pulp chamber crown root trunk height ratio was recorded from a mandibular first molar. Statistical Analysis: Regression equation was derived from study group subjects and this equation was used to estimate the age of subjects in the test group. Results: No significant differences were seen between mean chronological age and mean estimated age (p-value- 0.157). Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was estimated to be 2.76 years. The percentage of estimated ages in test sample < ± MAE was 72%. The difference was higher in the group I and II (p-value- 0.001 and 0.002) Conclusion: The equation derived from the anterior and posterior teeth together gave more accurate results in the present study. The prediction accuracy can further be enhanced by using multiple teeth or by utilizing other linear measurements in the same teeth.
Predictors of Chinese Users' Location Disclosure Behavior: An Empirical Study on WeChat

Location disclosure behavior on social network sites (SNS) has developed rapidly. However, the influencing factors have not been adequately studied. Based on social cognitive theory and the concept of face, this study developed a research model to explain the factors with uniquely Chinese characteristics that predict WeChat users’ location disclosure. Using survey data collected from WeChat users in China (N = 545), the model is tested by a structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that a desire to gain face, a fear of losing face, social norms, trust in SNS members and trust in an SNS provider positively influence WeChat users’ intention to disclose location information. Moreover, trust in SNS members can also boost trust in an SNS provider. Finally, both theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
When social media traumatizes teens: The roles of online risk exposure, coping, and post-traumatic stress

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which negative online risk experiences (information breaches, explicit content exposure, cyberbullying and sexual solicitations) cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in adolescents. The study also explores whether teens’ short-term coping responses serve to mitigate PTSD or, instead, act as a response to stress from online events. Design/methodology/approach The study utilized a web-based diary design over the course of two months. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling with repeated measures. Findings The study confirmed that explicit content exposure, cyberbullying and sexual solicitations (but not information breaches) evoke symptoms of PTSD. Analyses also indicated that teens engage in active and communicative coping after they experience post-traumatic stress, regardless of risk type or frequency. Practical implications The authors found that teens took active measures to cope with online risks soon after they felt threatened (within a week). Actively coping with stressful situations has been shown to enhance adolescent resilience and reduce long-term negative effects of risk exposure. If these early coping behaviors can be detected, social media platforms may be able to embed effective interventions to support healthy coping processes that can further protect teens against long-term harm from exposure to online risks. Originality/value This is the first study to examine situational PTSD symptoms related to four types of adolescent online risk exposure within the week exposure occurred. By applying two competing theoretical frameworks (the adolescent resilience framework and transactional theory of stress), the authors show empirical evidence that suggests short-term coping responses are likely a stress reaction to PTSD, not a protective factor against it.
The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach

Ernst E, ed. 444 pages. London: Harcourt Pub Ltd (Mosby); 2001. $34.95. ISBN 0723432074. Order phone 800-633-6699. Field of medicine: Multidisciplinary. Format: Paperback book includes a complete CD-ROM for rapid search capability and links to MEDLINE. Audience: Primary care physicians and general internists. Purpose: To summarize the available information on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Content: The guide includes diagnostic methods, therapies, herbal and nonherbal medicines, and conditions for which CAM might be used. A general topics section with essays on the use of CAM in various countries and legal, ethical, safety, and economic issues is included. Ten diagnostic techniques unique to CAM are discussed, including bioresonance and kinesiology. The section on CAM therapies excludes medicines but includes such well-known techniques as acupuncture, biofeedback, and homeopathy. Multiple therapies without sufficient evidence of effectiveness are listed in tables. The medications section excludes vitamins and minerals in favor of herbals and nonherbal supplements. Tables list supplements without evidence of effectiveness and those with possible interactions with heart drugs, anticoagulants, antidiabetic drugs, and oral contraceptives. The section on conditions includes those seen in primary care for which CAM is popular. All the sections are extensively referenced to international published literature. Highlights: Two features are particularly valuable: the broad scope of the various aspects of CAM covered and the extensive referencing and critical evaluations of the available literature. The listings of the conditions for which CAM is commonly used serve as an internal cross-index to the listings of the various therapies and medications. Limitations: The list of useful Web sites for herbal medications does not include the Complete German Commission E Monographs, Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines (home.mdconsult.com/about/book/IM.html), a compilation of 380 monographs with cross-references of each herb by ailment, body system, and interactions (also available in hardcover through the American Botanical Council). Many hard choices were made in an attempt to hold down both the size and price of this desktop guide. Related reading: Encyclopedia of Complementary Health Practice (Springer, 1999) and the Health Reference Series Alternative Medicine Sourcebook (Omnigraphics, Inc., 1999) are popular references. Reviewer: Roger P. Smith, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire.
Correlation of Condylar Translation During Maximal Mouth Opening with Presence of Signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in an Asymptomatic Population of 18-25 Years Age Group of Northern India

Objective(s): The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of “subluxation” and presence of clinical signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) in asymptomatic individuals and its distribution according to age and sex. Materials and Methods: The material investigated comprised of 200 asymptomatic subjects with 400 joints. The subjects were divided into two groups of 18-25 years and 50-60 years of age consisting of equal number of males and females. Clinical examination involved measurement of maximal inter-incisal distance, joint sounds and deviation. For radiological examination, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) open mouth close mouth view option (TMJ1/2) was used on a Digital Panoramic Machine. All the radiographs were traced to assess subluxation and anterior translation of the condyle. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, version 15.0 for Windows). Results: The prevalence of the signs of TMDs in the asymptomatic population was found to be very high and more predominant in females as compared to males. Furthermore, the older age group had comparatively less signs of TMDs. It was of interest that the subjects presenting with clinical signs of TMD were significantly less as compared to the subjects presenting with subluxation. The value of anterior translation was found to be more in females in the younger age group as compared to the males. Similarly, it was more in males as compared to females in older age group. But the mean anterior translation difference in females in 18-25 years and 50-60 years showed a statistically significant difference with P-value 0.017. Conclusion: Subluxation is a very common feature found in almost all the subjects in this study with a high prevalence. Hence, we may assume that the increased incidence of TMDs could be a direct result of the phenomena of subluxation. The decrease in mandibular length could be the cause of decreased mouth opening and increased subluxation.
Some Like It Cold: Initial Testing Results for Cryogenic Computing Components

With the exponential growth of bandwidth demands on present data centers, we are researching the feasibility of deploying cryogenic DRAM based memory subsystems for the next generation of higher bandwidth, more efficient, lower cost and smaller footprint data centers of the future. As part of our early research, we are designing DRAM based subsystems that operate at 77K and are submerged in liquid nitrogen. To effectively test the memory subsystem at cryogenic temperatures, creative test methods must be employed. This paper illustrates the test setups, procedures and methodologies that were used to successfully test DRAM based subsystems at cryogenic temperatures
Evaluation of home bleaching gel modified by different thickeners on the physical properties of enamel: An in situ study

ABSTRACT Objective: This in situ study evaluated the influence of 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in combination with different thickeners on physical characteristics of enamel. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four bovine blocks of enamel and dentin (4 mm × 4 mm × 2.5 mm) were divided into seven groups (n = 12), fixed in palatal intraoral devices, and submitted to different treatments: CP + carbopol (FGM), CP + carbopol + glycerin (ultradent), CP + natrosol (experimental gel), carbopol, carbopol + glycerin, and natrosol, without treatment (control group). The physical properties tested were color (ΔE), roughness (Ra), and Knoop microhardness (KHN). Statistical Analysis Used: Data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnett's tests (α = 0.05). Results: all groups presented significant color variation, except carbopol. For microhardness, all bleached groups did not differ from control. Roughness increased in all bleached groups when compared to the control group, but CP + natrosol presented statistical lower results than CP + carbopol. Conclusion: Replacement of carbopol by natrosol caused less change on roughness surface, at the same time yielding an effective whitening result.
Combining Subword information and Language model for Information Retrieval

InformationRetrieval(IR)classicallyreliesonseveralprocessestoimproveperfor- mance of language modeling approaches. When considering semantic of words, Neural Word Embeddings (Mikolov et al., 2013) have been shown to catch semantic similarities between words. Such Distributed Representations represent terms in a dense vector space are efficiently learned from large corpora. Lately, they have been used to compute the translation probabilities between terms in the Neural Translation Language Model (NTLM) (Zuccon et al., 2015) frame- work for Information Retrieval in order to deal with the vocabulary mismatch issue. In this work, we propose to test this model with recent vectorial representations (Bojanowski et al., 2016) that take into account the internal structure of words.
Generation of functional human pancreatic organoids by transplants of embryonic stem cell derivatives in a 3D‐printed tissue trapper

Organoids can be regarded as a beneficial tool for discovery of new therapeutics for diabetes and/or maturation of pancreatic progenitors (PP) towards β cells. Here, we devised a strategy to enhance maturation of PP by assembly of three‐dimensional (3D) pancreatic organoids (PO) containing human embryonic stem (ES) cell derivatives including ES‐derived pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) + early PP, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells at an optimized cell ratio, on Matrigel. The PO was placed in a 3D‐printed tissue trapper and heterotopically implanted into the peritoneal cavity of immunodeficient mice where it remained for 90 days. Our results indicated that, in contrast to corresponding early PP transplants, 3D PO developed more vascularization as indicated by greater area and number of vessels, a higher number of insulin‐positive cells and improvement of human C‐peptide secretions. Based on our findings, PO‐derived β cells could be considered a novel strategy to study human β‐cell development, novel therapeutics, and regenerative medicine for diabetes.
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Thai Consumers’ Intention to Use Music Streaming Services

The growth of music streaming can best be understood by knowing that over one billion people worldwide use YouTube with 80 percent of YouTube's billions of views per day coming from outside of the U.S. Digital music revenues, previously driven by purchases (downloads), now mostly derive from access-based consumption (streams). Thailand’s smartphone enabled youthful consumers are in the top of most global statistics and lead many regional internet/digital related categories. This paper therefore investigated a multitude of factors including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude, to determine the factors affecting Thai digital music streaming usage intention. From the 300 Thai music streaming users surveyed and analyzed by use of a structural equation model by SmartPLS software it was determined that attitude affects music streaming’s usage intention to the greatest extent with an intermediate input into perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. However, perceived ease of use also indirectly affects music streaming’s usage intention the most through perceived usefulness and attitude.
Significance of plasma MACC1 levels on the prognostic stratification in patients with colorectal cancer

The clinical significance of metastasis‐associated in colon cancer‐1 (MACC1) has been investigated but the relevance of peripheral MACC1 levels was rather limited. Herein, our data revealed that plasma MACC1 levels in 117 colorectal cancer patients (CRC) were dramatically higher than that in normal controls (P < 0.001), and with a strong discrimination power between the two groups (AUC = 0.960, P < 0.001). Moreover, MACC1 is an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. When clinical parameters stratified by MACC1low and MACC1high, MACC1 levels exhibited further significant predictive value. Summary, plasma MACC1 levels could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic biomarker, and could improve the prognostic value of traditional prognosticators for colorectal cancer patients.
Characterisation of infection associated microRNA and protein cargo in extracellular vesicles of Theileria annulata infected leukocytes

The protozoan parasites Theileria annulata and Theileria parva are unique amongst intracellular eukaryotic pathogens as they induce a transformation‐like phenotype in their bovine host cell. T. annulata causes tropical theileriosis, which is frequently fatal, with infected leukocytes becoming metastatic and forming foci in multiple organs resulting in destruction of the lymphoid system. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EV), are critical in metastatic progression in many cancers. Here, we characterised the cargo of EV from a control bovine lymphosarcoma cell line (BL20) and BL20 infected with T. annulata (TBL20) by comparative mass spectrometry and microRNA (miRNA) profiling (data available via ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD010713 and NCBI GEO, accession number GSE118456, respectively). Ingenuity pathway analysis that many infection‐associated proteins essential to migration and extracellular matrix digestion were upregulated in EV from TBL20 cells compared with BL20 controls. An altered repertoire of host miRNA, many with known roles in tumour and/or infection biology, was also observed. Focusing on the tumour suppressor miRNA, bta‐miR‐181a and bta‐miR‐181b, we identified putative messenger RNA targets and confirmed the interaction of bta‐miR181a with ICAM‐1. We propose that EV and their miRNA cargo play an important role in the manipulation of the host cell phenotype and the pathobiology of Theileria infection.
An Oversampling Stochastic ADC Using VCO-Based Quantizers

An oversampling stochastic analog-to-digital converter is presented. This stochastic converter spatially averages quantization errors in multiple voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based quantizers. Unlike other stochastic converters, this proposed architecture does not require an inverse Gaussian cumulative density function estimator. The digital adder becomes an ideal estimator due to uncorrelated quantization errors, which can be modeled as a uniformly distributed random variable. Because of the simple open-loop structure, this stochastic converter can easily be synthesized and reconfigured. The proof-of-concept prototype is implemented in a 0.18 $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process. The prototype employs eight VCO-based quantizers and validates the extra 9 dB signal to quantization noise ratio improvement from quantization error spatial averaging. The measurements further demonstrate 54.2 dB and 45.4 dB SNDR for 50 MHz and 100 MHz bandwidths, while dissipating 116 mW of power.