Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature and Stress on Residual Magnetic Signals in Ferromagnetic Structural Steel

We know that stress in ferromagnetic steels can induce magnetic signals on the surface, temperature could be another critical factor to impact the signals of the steels used under high temperature conditions. To better understand the mechanism of the residual magnetic signals, a modified Jiles-Atherton (J-A) model based on thermal and mechanical effects was developed. In the experiment, ferromagnetic structural steel Q345B was tested under static tensile stress, and the variation of magnetic signal normal component Hp(y) and its mean value Hp(y)ave were investigated during the tests. Experimental results showed that the mean value Hp(y)ave decreased with the increase in temperature, however, increased with the increase in tensile stress. The microstructures were observed at the location of fracture and it was found that the size of inclusions increased with the increase in temperature, which blocked the irreversible movement of magnetic domains and leaded to the decrease of magnetic signals. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical analysis, which indicated that the variation of effective field He calculated based on the modified J-A model was similar to the mean value Hp(y)ave in the tests.
Estrogen regulates energy metabolic pathway and upstream adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and phosphatase enzyme expression in dorsal vagal complex metabolosensory neurons during glucostasis and hypoglycemia

The ability of estrogen to shield the brain from the bioenergetic insult hypoglycemia is unclear. Estradiol (E) prevents hypoglycemic activation of the energy deficit sensor adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hindbrain metabolosensory A2 noradrenergic neurons. This study investigates the hypothesis that estrogen regulates A2 AMPK through control of fuel metabolism and/or upstream protein kinase/phosphatase enzyme expression. A2 cells were harvested by laser microdissection after insulin or vehicle (V) injection of E‐ or oil (O)‐implanted ovariectomized female rats. Cell lysates were evaluated by immunoblot for glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid cycle, respiratory chain, and acetyl‐CoA‐malonyl‐CoA pathway enzymes. A2 phosphofructokinase (PFKL), isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase subunit profiles were elevated in E/V vs. O/V; hypoglycemia augmented PFKL and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase expression in E only. Hypoglycemia increased A2 Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐β in O and reduced protein phosphatase in both groups. A2 phospho‐AMPK levels were equivalent in O/V vs. E/V but elevated during hypoglycemia in O only. These results implicate E in compensatory upregulation of substrate catabolism and corresponding maintenance of energy stability of A2 metabolosensory neurons during hypoglycemia, outcomes that support the potential viability of molecular substrates for hormone action as targets for therapies alleviating hypoglycemic brain injury. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
External Habit in a Production Economy: A Model of Asset Prices and Consumption Volatility Risk

A standard real business-cycle model with external habit and capital adjustment costs matches a long list of asset price and business-cycle moments: equity, firm value, and risk-free rate volatility; the equity premium; excess return predictability; consumption growth predictability; basic moments of consumption, output, and investment; among others. The model also generates endogenous consumption volatility risk. Precautionary savings motives make consumption sensitive to shocks in bad times, leading to countercyclical volatility, even with homoscedastic technology shocks. Habit acts as countercyclical leverage, which amplifies this channel. Habit also implies high risk aversion, which amplifies the stock price response.Received April 21, 2016; editorial decision February 3, 2017 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh.
Glutamate receptor 1‐immunopositive neurons in the gliotic CA1 area of the mouse hippocampus after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus

Significant reduction in glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1)‐ and GluR2/3‐immunopositive neurons was demonstrated in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in mice killed on days 1, 7 and 60 after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (PISE). In addition, GluR1 and GluR2/3 immunostaining in the strata oriens, radiatum and lacunosum moleculare of areas CA1–3 decreased drastically on days 7 and 60 after PISE. Neuronal loss observed in the above regions may account, at least in part, for a decrease in GluR immunoreactivity. By contrast, many GluR1‐immunopositive neurons were observed in the gliotic area of CA1. Of these, about 42.8% were immunopositive for markers for hippocampal interneurons, namely calretinin (7.6%), calbindin (12.8%) and parvalbumin (22.4%). GluR1 or GluR2/3 and BrdU double‐labelling showed that the GluR1‐ and GluR2/3‐immunopositive neurons at 60 days after PISE were neurons that had survived rather than newly generated neurons. Furthermore, anterograde tracer and double‐labelling studies performed on animals at 60 days after PISE indicated a projection from the hilus of the dentate gyrus to gliotic areas in both CA3 and CA1, where the projecting fibres apparently established connections with GluR1‐immunopositive neurons. The projection to CA1 was unexpected. These novel findings suggest that the intrinsic hippocampal neuronal network is altered after PISE. We speculate that GluR1‐immunopositive neurons in gliotic CA1 act as a bridge between dentate gyrus and subiculum contributing towards epileptogenesis.
Predicting Recidivism for Released State Prison Offenders

We examined the influence of individual and neighborhood characteristics and spatial contagion in predicting reincarceration on a sample of 5,354 released Pennsylvania state prisoners. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, offense type, drug involvement, various neighborhood variables (e.g., concentrated disadvantage, residential mobility), and spatial contagion (i.e., proximity to others who become reincarcerated). Using geographic information systems (GIS) and logistic regression modeling, our results showed that the likelihood of reincarceration was increased with male gender, drug involvement, offense type, and living in areas with high rates of recidivism. Older offenders and those convicted of violent or drug offenses were less likely to be reincarcerated. For violent offenders, drug involvement, age, and spatial contagion were particular risk factors for reincarceration. None of the neighborhood environment variables were associated with increased risk of reincarceration. Reentry programs need to particularly address substance abuse issues of ex-offenders as well as take into consideration their residential locations.
Identification of a human brain-specific gene, calneuron 1, a new member of the calmodulin superfamily.

The calmodulin superfamily includes the calmodulins, calcium-binding proteins, and related genes. Herein, we describe the cloning and characterization of human calneuron 1 (CALN1). CALN1 encodes a novel neuron-specific protein that maps to chromosome 7q11. CALN1 spans a large genomic region (>360 kb). Sequence comparison shows significant similarity with the calmodulin superfamily of genes, especially in the two conserved EF-hand motifs. The mouse orthologous gene (Caln1) shows little prenatal expression, with highest expression at Postnatal Day 21. In situ hybridization to adult mouse brain shows high expression in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex. The high expression of this gene exclusively in brain, the developmental changes in expression levels, the high homology with calmodulin which indicates a potential role in signal transduction, and the cellular localization of the mRNA suggest that CALN1 has a significant role in the physiology of neurons and is potentially important in memory and learning.
Wearable Sensor-Based Biometric Gait Classification Algorithm Using WEKA

Gait-based classification has gained much interest as a possible authentication method because it incorporate an intrinsic personal signature that is difficult to mimic. The study investigates machine learning techniques to mitigate the natural variations in gait among different subjects. We incorporated several machine learning algorithms into this study using the data mining package called Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA). WEKA’s convenient interface enabled us to apply various sets of machine learning algorithms to understand whether each algorithm can capture certain distinctive gait features. First, we defined 24 gait features by analyzing three-axis acceleration data, and then selectively used them for distinguishing subjects 10 years of age or younger from those aged 20 to 40. We also applied a machine learning voting scheme to improve the accuracy of the classification. The classification accuracy of the proposed system was about 81% on average.
Susceptibility to cell death is a dominant phenotype: triggering of activation-driven T-cell death independent of the T-cell antigen receptor complex

The failure of Thy-1 and Ly-6 to trigger interleukin-2 production in the absence of surface T-cell antigen receptor complex (TCR) expression has been interpreted to suggest that functional signalling via these phosphatidylinositol-linked alternative activation molecules is dependent on the TCR. We find, in contrast, that stimulation of T cells via Thy-1 or Ly-6 in the absence of TCR expression does trigger a biological response, the cell suicide process of activation-driven cell death. Activation-driven cell death is a process of physiological cell death that likely represents the mechanism of negative selection of T cells. The absence of the TCR further reveals that signalling leading to activation-driven cell death and to lymphokine production are distinct and dissociable. In turn, the ability of alternative activation molecules to function in the absence of the TCR raises another issue: why immature T cells, thymomas, and hybrids fail to undergo activation-driven cell death in response to stimulation via Thy-1 and Ly-6. One possibility is that these activation molecules on immature T cells are defective. Alternatively, susceptibility to activation-driven cell death may be developmentally regulated by TCR-independent factors. We have explored these possibilities with somatic cell hybrids between mature and immature T cells, in which Thy-1 and Ly-6 are contributed exclusively by the immature partner. The hybrid cells exhibit sensitivity to activation-driven cell death triggered via Thy-1 and Ly-6. Thus, the Thy-1 and Ly-6 molecules of the immature T cells can function in a permissive environment. Moreover, with regard to susceptibility to Thy-1 and Ly-6 molecules of the immature T cells can function in a permissive environment. Moreover, with regard to susceptibility to Thy-1 and Ly-6 triggering, the mature phenotype of sensitivity to cell death is genetically dominant.
The Importance of Multiple Performance Criteria for Understanding Trust in Risk Managers

Effective risk management requires balancing several, sometimes competing, goals, such as protecting public health and ensuring cost control. Research examining public trust of risk managers has largely focused on trust that is unspecified or for a single goal. Yet it can be reasonable to have a high level of trust in one aspect of a target's performance but not another. Two studies involving redevelopment of contaminated land (Study 1) and drinking water standards (Study 2) present preliminary evidence on the value of distinguishing between performance criteria for understanding of trust. Study 1 assessed perceptions of several trust targets (councilors, developers, scientists, residents) on their competence (capacity to achieve goals) and willingness to take action under uncertainty for four criteria. Study 2 assessed competence, willingness, and trust for five criteria regarding a single government agency. In both studies overall trust in each target was significantly better explained by considering perceptions of their performance on multiple criteria than on the single criterion of public health. In Study 1, the influence of criteria also varied plausibly across trust targets (e.g., willingness to act under uncertainty increased trust in developers on cost control and councilors on local economic improvement, but decreased it for both targets on environmental protection). Study 2 showed that explained variance in trust increased with both dimension‐ and trust‐based measures of criteria. Further conceptual and methodological development of the notion of multiple trust criteria could benefit our understanding of stated trust judgments.
Comparison of biological activity of phenolic fraction from roots of Alhagi maurorum with properties of commercial phenolic extracts and resveratrol

Abstract Phenolic compounds have different biological properties, including antioxidative activities, but they may also be prooxidants. The effect of phenolic fraction from roots of Alhagi maurorum on oxidative protein/lipid damages (determined by such parameters as levels of protein thiol groups and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive species – TBARS) in human blood platelets and human plasma after treatment with hydrogen peroxide – H2O2 (which is the strong biologic oxidant and inflammatory mediator) was studied in vitro. We also studied the effect of A. maurorum extract on blood platelet activation corresponding to thrombin-induced arachidonic acid pathway. Moreover, the present work was designed to study the effect of A. maurorum extract on selected physiological function of blood platelets – adhesion of blood platelets to collagen in vitro. The action of phenolic fraction from A. maurorum was compared with the selected commercial phenolic extracts: extract from berries of Aronia melanocarpa (Aronox®), extract from bark of Yucca schidigera and monomeric polyphenol–resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene). Exposure of blood platelets or plasma to H2O2 resulted in a decrease of the level of thiol groups in proteins, and an increase of TBARS. In the presence of phenolic fraction from A. maurorum (0.5–50 µg/ml), a reduction of thiol groups oxidation together with the decrease of autoperoxidation of lipids and lipid peroxidation caused by H2O2 or thrombin was observed. The inhibitory, concentration-dependent effects of A. maurorum extract on adhesion of thrombin-activated platelets to collagen were also found. The phenolic fraction from A. maurorum acts as an antioxidant and can be useful as the natural factor protecting against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Tested fraction from A. maurorum has more effective antioxidative activity and antiplatelet properties than aronia extract or other commercial extract, however differences between their actions are not statistically significant.
Multi‐Sector Nonparametric Production‐Frontier Analysis of the Economic Growth and the Convergence of the European Countries

In this paper, I apply the recent nonparametric multi-sector production-frontier methodology of Walheer (2016), tailored to analyse the economic growth and convergence of countries taking the sector heterogeneity and interdependence into account, to the European countries from 1995 to 2014. Thanks to a simple rewriting of his initial model, I also provide results at the sector level, which was not possible with the initial version of the methodology. My results confirm the non-neutrality of technological change and highlight that human capital accumulation plays the biggest role in the increase of labour productivity. Technological change and capital accumulation also play an important, if smaller, role in the increase of output-labour productivity. My results also confirm the presence of heterogeneity between sectors in Europe, which supports the use of multi-sector analysis. Finally, my results confirm the presence of two groups, in terms of labour productivity, within the European counties: Eastern and Central European countries and the EU12. These two groups diverge over time. The results are not affected by robustness checks.
Lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach--surgical treatment on the basis of the anatomical distribution of positive node.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Little is known about the most appropriate surgical procedure for gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach. The objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate surgical treatment for gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach. METHODOLOGY The clinicopathological characteristics of 115 node-positive gastric cancers in the upper third of the stomach were reviewed retrospectively and compared with those of 111 node-negative gastric cancers in the upper third of the stomach. RESULTS Node-positive gastric cancers showed higher rates of peritoneal metastasis (p < 0.005), larger tumor sizes (p < 0.005), deeper tumor penetration (p < 0.005), higher rates of diffuse type in histology (p < 0.025), and more advanced histological stages (p < 0.005), than node-negative gastric cancers. Patients with node-positive gastric cancer demonstrated a poorer survival rate than those with node-negative gastric cancer (p < 0.005). Lymph node metastasis along the lower stomach was observed in cases of gastric cancer which had invaded beyond the muscularis propria of the stomach but not in those confined within the muscularis propria. No lymph node metastasis in the splenic hilum was found in association with gastric cancer when the depth was limited to the mucosa or the submucosa. CONCLUSION The appropriate surgical procedures for the treatment of gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach are as follows: a) proximal gastrectomy without splenectomy for gastric cancer when the depth is limited to the mucosa or the submucosa, b) proximal gastrectomy with splenectomy for gastric cancer when the depth of invasion extends to the muscularis propria, c) total gastrectomy with splenectomy for gastric cancer when the depth of invasion extends beyond the muscularis propria.
Effect of Government Debt on Gross Domestic Production: Evidence from Sri Lanka

This paper investigates the relationship between government debt and gross domestic production in Sri Lanka. Objective of this study is to find the relationship between these two variables and the impact of government debt on economic growth. Data was collected through Central Bank of Sri Lanka and the data set proven to be normally distributed. Correlation and Linear Regression Model is used to ascertain relationships. Data sample represent annual time series data for the period of 15 years starting from 2000 to 2014. Results of the study is consistent with the Keynes View which proves that there is a positive impact of government debt on economic activities. Key words: Government Debt, Gross Domestic Production, Economic Growth, Keynes View
Autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy (ADCME) in a unique south Indian community

Autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy (ADCME)/familial adult onset myoclonic epilepsy (FAME) is a nonprogressive disorder characterized by (1) distal tremors that are usually precipitated by posture and action; (2) stimulus‐sensitive myoclonus that is predominantly seen in the upper limb and is precipitated by photic stimuli, fatigue, emotional stress, and sleep deprivation; (3) seizures that were predominantly of the generalized tonic–clonic type that showed significant response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). ADCME has been reported worldwide with different genetic loci in Japanese families (8q23.3‐q24.1), Italian families (2p11.1‐q12.2), a French family (5p15.3.1‐p15.1), and a Thai family (3q26.32‐q28). ADCME has not been reported in South India and is still not recognized as an independent entity under the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). We report 241 patients with ADCME identified belonging to 48 families. The 48 families are domiciled in two southern districts of Tamilnadu in India, belonging to a community called “Nadar” whose nativity is confined to these southern districts, with reported unique genetic characteristics. This study is reported for the presentation of this rare disease in a unique ethnic group, and is the largest single report on ADCME worldwide.
Blepharo-Cheilo-Dontic (BCD) Syndrome: Case Report

Objective To report a case of blepharo-cheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome, to compare with the previous cases, and to discuss the possible treatment. Patient The patient was a 14-day-old boy born uneventfully on August 7, 2002. His scalp hair was sparse and curly. A tumor on the top of his head, which was thought to be a dermoid cyst, and a nevus on the back of his left hand were observed. All typical symptoms of blepharo-cheilo-dontic syndrome, such as euryblepharon with ectropion of the lower eyelids, distichiasis, bilateral cleft lip and palate, severe oligodontia, and conical teeth, were observed. Because there was no fatal complication, and growth and development were about normal, it was recommended that a long and active treatment plan be considered for this patient.
Genetic Interrelatedness among Clover Proliferation Mycoplasmalike Organisms (MLOs) and Other MLOs Investigated by Nucleic Acid Hybridization and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses

DNA was isolated from clover proliferation (CP) mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)-diseased periwinkle plants (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. ) and cloned into pSP6 plasmid vectors. CP MLO-specific recombinant DNA clones were biotin labeled and used as probes in dot hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses to study the genetic interrelatedness among CP MLO and other MLOs, including potato witches'-broom (PWB) MLO. Results from dot hybridization analyses indicated that both a Maryland strain of aster yellows and a California strain of aster yellows are distantly related to CP MLO. Elm yellows, paulownia witches'-broom, peanut witches'-broom, loofah witches'-broom, and sweet potato witches'-broom may be very distantly related, if at all, to CP MLO. A new Jersey strain of aster yellows MLO, tomato big bud MLO, clover phyllody MLO, beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence MLO, and ash yellows MLO are related to CP MLO, but PWB MLO is the most closely related. Similarity coefficients derived from restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed that PWB and CP MLOs are closely related strains and thus provided direct evidence of their relatedness in contrast to reliance solely on biological characterization.