Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of effect of Moringa extracts, NPK fertilizer and poultry manure on soil properties and growth performance of Solanium menlongina in Abuja, North Central Region of Nigeria

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera extracts, NPK fertilizer and Poultry manure on soil properties and growth performance of Solanium melongena in the Giri area of Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replicates was used. Data collected include pre- planting composite soil analysis, post harvest soil analyses, height per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of branches per plant and fruit yield. In the 2 years of the experiment, application of the Moringa extracts on the soil properties and growth performance of S. melongena was significant. Soil pH was improved from 5.4 to 6.7 with application of Moringa extracts. In both 2012 and 2013, highest fruit yields (9.5 t ha -1 in 2013 and 10.5 t ha -1 in 2013) were obtained from stands of garden egg that received Moringa leaf extract combined with NPK fertilizer applied at the rate of 100 kg ha -1 . The yield of the crop was also improved by application of poultry manure though not significantly different from those given the solution obtained by soaking the bark and cut branches of Moringa stands. In all, the poorest results were obtained from the control plots.
Behavioural characteristics of student volunteers

Sport and sport events provide a significant source of volunteering opportunities for a wide range of individuals and especially for young people. Organisers of major sport events often target the youth market to source volunteers due to the apparent high level of interest in sport by this group. Consequently, it is suggested that sport may act as a nursery for volunteering and therefore the experiences afforded to young people in sport may be critical for their future volunteer involvement, not only in sport but the broader third sector. However, little is known about youth volunteer behaviour. This study sought to identify the characteristics and volunteer behaviour of a cohort of tertiary students, reasons for those behaviours and the implications for sport event managers. A total of 208 self-administered questionnaires were completed in an in-class convenience sample from three universities in Brisbane.The results indicated that although many reasons that influence the decision to initially volunteer or to subsequently cease volunteering are personal in nature and cannot be directly controlled by organisations, there are a number of factors that can be influenced by management. These factors are generally concerned with the way that volunteers are trained and managed and are particularly focused on the nature of the work, quality of supervision and perceived outcomes such as gaining employment related skills. These factors should influence the way volunteer experiences are planned and delivered to the youth market.
Did Hilferding Influence Schumpeter?

In this paper, the origins of some of Joseph Alois Schumpeter’s views are traced back to Rudolf Hilferding’s Finance Capital, regarding the Schumpeterian hypothesis and the separation of roles between capitalists, entrepreneurs and managers. After a careful examination of Hilferding’s writings, the conclusion may be drawn that Schumpeter expresses ideas very similar to Hilferding’s, and seems to have been influenced by his conceptualisation of a ‘latest phase’ of capitalism, shaped by the structure of the ‘monopolistic enterprise’. Hilferding’s approach is understood in this paper as a major revision of Marx’s conceptual understanding of the capitalist mode of production and, therefore, as a ‘paradigm shift’ within Marxian economic theory.
Conversion of glucose over SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 catalysts in an extremely low acid system

SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 catalysts prepared by precipitation and impregnation methods were employed for glucose conversion. The basic structures of the prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, NH3-TPD, XPS, and TEM techniques. The essential properties of SO42-/ZrO2 could be improved greatly by adding a suitable amount of TiO2. High BET area and pore volume favored glucose conversion. The conversion rate of glucose into levulinic acid catalyzed by SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 increased significantly in an extremely low acid system, indicating that the acidic condition was favorable for levulinic acid formation. The combined yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid reached 28.8% with the presence of SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 when the Zr-Ti molar ratio was 5:5 at 170°C for 2 h in the extremely low acid system. Studies on catalyst recycling were also further investigated in this study.
Poor psychology : poverty, shame, and decision making

Arm zijn betekent veel meer dan te weinig geld hebben. Armoede beinvloedt wat je denkt, wat je doet en hoe je je voelt. Er is steeds meer aandacht voor de eerste twee, maar er is nauwelijks onderzoek naar de emotionele effecten van armoede. In het bijzonder is de rol van schaamte in armoede onderbelicht. Schaamte onderzoeken is belangrijk om twee redenen. Ten eerste is het een hele sterke negatieve emotie, dus moeten we onnodige schaamte voorkomen. Ten tweede gaat schaamte vaak samen met specifiek gedrag dat armoede in stand kan houden, waardoor een vicieuze cirkel van armoede ontstaat. In deze dissertatie onderzoek ik de rol van schaamte in armoede, en test ik of mensen met lage inkomens anders omgaan met financiele afwegingen dan mensen met hoge inkomens. Schaamte In een onderzoek onder Nederlanders tussen 18 en 65 jaar zei ongeveer 1 op 7 zich te schamen voor zijn of haar financiele situatie. Schaamte komt veel vaker voor onder mensen die het financieel moeilijk hebben. Ook gaat schaamte samen met verschillende negatieve psychologische effecten, zoals stress, piekeren en een verminderd gevoel van controle. Mensen die schaamte ervaren vertonen ook ander gedrag: ze ervaren vaker negatieve financiele gebeurtenissen (zoals een rekening niet op tijd betalen) en vinden hun leengedrag minder verantwoord. Een onderzoek met Amerikaanse en Britse deelnemers laat zien dat mensen die zich schamen voor hun financiele situatie meer geinteresseerd zijn in status. Ook geven ze relatief meer geld uit aan statusproducten. Onder Nederlanders gaat schaamte samen met meer eenzaamheid en minder sociale contacten. Op de lange termijn blijkt dat als iemands financiele situatie verslechtert, diegene het jaar daarop waarschijnlijk minder sociaal contact heeft. Het omgekeerde geldt ook: minder sociaal contact gaat samen met een slechtere financiele situatie in het volgende jaar. Opportuniteitskosten Ten slotte onderzocht ik opportuniteitskosten: alles wat je niet kiest. Je kunt je geld maar een keer uitgeven: als je een nieuwe fiets koopt, kun je van dat geld geen boodschappen meer doen. Eerder onderzoek voorspelde dat mensen met lage inkomens vaker nadenken over deze kosten, juist omdat ze minder te besteden hebben. In vijf experimenten bleek echter zowel rijk als arm geneigd om er te weinig aandacht aan te besteden.
Profile of mathematical communication skills junior high school students in problem solving

Mathematical communication skills of students is the ability of students to understand, express and interpret mathematical ideas using language and mathematical representations either in writing or orally. The ability to communicate ideas, thoughts, or opinions is very important in learning mathematics. Each student is likely to have different mathematical communication skills in solving problems. This research aims to determine the communication ability of junior high school students in solving problems. This research is qualitative type that is a research process that is done naturally and natural in accordance with objective condition in the field without any manipulation, where in this case data retrieval is done through student written test, oral test delivery, and in-depth interview. In this research, using triangulation of time in which the written tests, oral tests, and interviews were carried out twice in different times. The result of mathematics communication ability on junior high school students in solving problems shows that there are some differences in each student where there are students who more detail in doing and also can remember things that are taught while the other students are more likely to do briefly and precisely. So it can be said that each student has different mathematical communication skills in solving problems.
STRUCTURE TOPOLOGY AND HYDROGEN BONDING IN MARTHOZITE

The crystal structure of marthozite, Cu2+ [(UO2)3 (SeO3)2 O2] (H2O)8, a 6.9879(4), b 16.4537(10), c 17.2229(10) Å, V 1980.2(3) Å3, Pbn21, Z = 4, Dcalc = 4.37 g/cm3, has been solved by direct methods and refined to an R index of 5.7% for 4364 observed (|Fo| > 4 F) reflections collected with a four-circle diffractometer fitted with MoK X-radiation and a CCD detector. There are three unique U sites, each occupied by U6+ with two short U–Ouranyl bonds (1.76–1.82 Å) and coordination numbers of [8], [7] and [7], respectively. There are two unique Se sites, each occupied by Se4+ and coordinated by three O atoms (Se–O ≈ 1.70 Å), forming a triangular pyramid with Se at the apex, indicative of stereoactive lone-pair behavior in Se4+. There is one Cu site, occupied by Cu2+ in octahedral coordination by four (H2O) groups (Cu–H2O ≈ 2.0 Å) and two O atoms (Cu–O ≈ 2.4 Å). The structural unit is a sheet of composition [(UO2)3 (SeO3)2 O2], comprised of chains of edge-sharing (U n) polyhedra extending along [100] that are cross-linked in the [001] direction by (SeO3) groups; this sheet is topologically identical to the structural unit in guilleminite, Ba [(UO2)3 (SeO3)2 O2] (H2O)3. Adjacent sheets are linked through interstitial Cu2+ cations via Cu–Oapical bonds and via H bonds that involve both (H2O) groups bonded to Cu2+ and interstitial (H2O) groups not bonded to any cation. The principal differences between marthozite and guilleminite involve the interlayer species. In guilleminite, the Ba atom is centrally positioned with respect to the chain of (UOn) polyhedra, whereas in marthozite, the Cu2+ atom is located off the pseudomirror plane of the chain of (UOn) polyhedra. This differential positioning of the interstitial cations results in an intersheet separation in marthozite that is nearly 1 Å greater than that in guilleminite, despite the fact that Ba (in guilleminite) is much larger than Cu2+ (in marthozite). The H-bond arrangement in marthozite is very different from that in guilleminite. In marthozite, there are eight unique interlayer (H2O) groups; four of these (H2O) groups bond directly to Cu2+ and four are held in the structure solely by H bonds. In guilleminite, there are two unique interlayer (H2O) groups, both of which bond to the interlayer Ba atoms.
Investigation of the nighttime decay of isoprene

A rapid nighttime decay of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) has been observed at several forest sites. Data from the Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET) have been carefully examined with respect to this phenomenon. Essentially every evening (at PROPHET), isoprene concentrations fall from several ppb to levels below 100 ppt, with an average lifetime of 2.7 hours. Since this decay rate exceeds that expected from established nighttime chemistry, other possible mechanisms are suggested and discussed. Reaction with ozone will not occur at a rate consistent with the observed decay. Calculations of nitrate radical concentrations reveal that this oxidant only becomes an important sink for isoprene after the majority of the isoprene decay has taken place. The isoprene flux data were not consistent with dry deposition playing a significant role in nighttime forest loss. On the basis of ambient measurements of OH radical concentrations at the PROPHET site, calculated isoprene decay rates were compared with observations. For some nights the observed decay can be fit strictly by OH consumption; however, the reported OH data overpredict the isoprene loss rate on most nights. We estimate that vertical mixing with isoprene-depleted air probably contributes to the fast isoprene decay observed; however, the measurements needed to support this suggestion have yet to be made.
CONGENITAL CYSTIC MALFORMATION OF THE LUNG: A 30-YEAR REVIEW OF CASES AT THE PHILIPPINE HEART CENTER (1975-2005)

130 Background --Congenital cystic lung malformations are uncommon but potentially life-threatening anomalies of infants and children. Methods and Results --A 30-year retrospective review of 20 patients with congenital cystic lung malformation was done. Histopathologic examination revealed the following: congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (n= 9) accounted for 45%, congenital lobar emphysema (n= 5) 25%, bronchogenic cyst (n=3) 15% and pulmonary sequestration (n= 3) 15%. Twelve patients were under 1 year of age 5 of whom where neonates. There was no sex preponderance in all four diseases. Most common symptoms were dyspnea, acute respiratory tract infection, fever and cyanosis while tachypnea, intercostals retractions, decreased breath sounds and tachycardia were the most common physical findings. The duration of illness ranged from 2 days to 6 years. Dyspnea was noted in 80% of patients. Lobectomy was done in 70% of patients. Immediate post-operative complication in decreasing frequency were pneumonia, atelectasis, pneumothorax, septicemia, bronchopleural fistula and bleeding were noted in 80% of patients. There was no significant correlation between survival and the number of lobes resected. Poor post-operative outcome was not associated with the types of congenital lung malformation. There was also no significant correlation between presence of post-operative complications and poor outcome. Phil Heart Center J 2007; 13(2):130-134.
The Cost-Effectiveness of EntrestoÃ¢ÂÂ¢ (Sacubitril and Valsartan) Compared with Enalapril in Managing Chronic Heart Failure in Ghana: Decision Analytic Modelling

Background: Over the years, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) have been the groups of medications of choice for managing Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). However, Entresto™, a formulation of Sacubitril and Valsartan has shown to be of superior effectiveness and thus, approved for use in many countries. Nonetheless, there is a limited economic evaluation of Entresto™ in Low-and-Middle Income Countries (LMICs), leaving significant gaps in the body of evidence supporting its cost-effectiveness. Objective: To model the lifetime cost-effectiveness of Entresto™ as compared to Enalapril in the treatment of a cohort of 42-year old patients with stage II-IV CHF with reduced ejection fraction, from the health system perspective. Methods: A three-state Markov model was developed to simulate the long-term outcomes and costs of care for a hypothetical cohort of 42-year-old patients with CHF who were assumed to receive either Entresto™ plus recommended therapy or Enalapril plus recommended therapy (standard care). One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted using a best and worst case scenario analysis while probabilistic sensitivity analysis was done using beta distribution around the input parameters. Results: The results show that after 30 years, more patients taking Enalapril died as compared with those taking Entresto™ (85.3% vs. 96.5%) but the lifetime cost of Entresto™ treatment was higher than Enalapril [US$44,656.13 (GH¢192,021.35) vs. US$922.99 (GH¢3,968.86)]. Also, Entresto™ as compared with Enalapril, yielded higher QALYs (7.59 vs. 5.33) culminating in an Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of US$19,343 (GH¢83,175.08) per QALY which may be deemed not cost-effective based on an assumed Willingness to Pay (WTP) threshold of US$5,121 (three times Gross Domestic Product Per Capita). Conclusion: In the context of Ghana, with maximum WTP threshold of US$5,121 per QALY (threefold per capita GDP), Entresto™ is not deemed a cost-effective alternative to Enalapril unless its US market price of US$380 per monthly pack is reduced by at least 73% or the WTP threshold is raised above US$10,000 per QALY. The National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) and the Ghana National Drugs Programme (GNDP) should consider engaging the manufacturers of Entresto™ for a possible price reduction or secure a subsidy from the government or both to make the drug available for Ghanaian CHF patients.
The effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in replacement with fish meal and poultry by - product protein in broiler diets.

A completely randomized design with five treatments, each with three replication of twelve chicks each was conducted from 7-49 day of age to investigate the effects of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) in replacement with fish meal protein and poultry by – product protein on broiler performance and organoleptic quality of meat . Treatments include: 1) control group 2 and 3: yeast in replace with 40 and 60 percent of fish meal protein 4and 5: yeast in replace with 40 and 60 percent of poultry by-product protein. For this purpose the performance parameters, carcass composition, organoleptic test and length of intestine were determined. Body weight, feed conversion ratio, carcass parameters and mortality were not significantly (p<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Although the breast weight in control group was lower than other groups, it was not affected by yeast levels. Ratio of gut weight to body weight and length of intestine significantly increased in 28th day, but were not significant in the final test. The results of this study indicated the use of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) with 60 percent replacement of fish meal protein and poultry by-product protein can improve meat quality and broilers performance. Keyword: yeast; saccharomyces cerevisiae; fish meal; poultry by-product; broiler
Factors Affecting the Utilization of Family Planning among Women Attending Selected Health Centers in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Many unintended pregnancies and illegal abortions contributes significantly to the high mortality rate in Nigeria, which signifies the unmet needs for family planning among women of reproductive age, which could be affected by myriads of factors. Hence, this study assesses factors influencing the utilization of family planning methods among women attending selected health centers in Ile Ife. Osun State. Nigeria. Findings showed that more than two-third (68.6%) had ever used a family planning method. Meanwhile, about two-third (60.4%) were currently using a family planning method, while 39.6% were not using any method. Majority (26.3%) rated condom as the most effective method of contraception. Factors identified as militating against the utilization of contraceptive use were; fear of side effects (80.2%), personal dislike (71.7%), opposition of spouse (63.5%) and unwelcoming attitude of health workers (61.1%) and non-effectiveness of family planning services (54.3%). Hypothesis testing revealed a strong relationship between fear of side effects and utilization of family planning services (X = 26.091, df = 1 and p = 0.001 at 0.05 significant value). However, there is no significant relationship between spouse opposition and utilization of family planning services (X = 1.171, df = 1, p = 0.279 at 0.05 significant value). In conclusion, although a good number of the respondents were using a family planning method, some of them were not still using it. Hence, the need for health care provider to educate based on isolated factors such as side effects, preference, spousal opposition that influence contraceptive use among women of child bearing age.
The effects of Pethidine on the duration of active labor in nulliparous women

Introduction: Prolonged labor can lead to maternal and neonatal complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pethidine on the duration of active labor in nulli-parous women. Materials and methods: In a randomized clinical 90 nulliparous women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group received 50 mg Pethidine IM and the second group received an equal volume Normal Saline IV as Placebo throughout active labor. Results: Affecting variables on labor outcomes were similar in two groups. The differences in the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor were significant between groups (230.62 ± 31.19 min in the Pethidine group Vs 247.73 ± 37.94 min in Normal Saline group P=0.038). Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were similar in two groups P=0.203). Conclusion: This study showed that Pethidine is an effective agent in the labor duration and significantly decreased the duration of active phase of labor in nulli-parous women.
Various roles of β-glucan in invertebrates

Glucans have a long history as immunomodulators; their effects confirmed in every species tested-from bees to humans. In invertebrates, glucan binding receptors are involved mainly in starting of the prophenoloxidase system, representing one of the first defense mechanisms that evolved in phylogeny. Our review summarizes the current knowledge of the glucan and lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins in invertebrates and offers a new possibility of using these proteins in human medicine.
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN WATER-FILLED TREE HOLES OF PANAMA : EFFECTS OF HOLE HEIGHT AND SIZE

Abiotic conditions differ from canopy to understory in rain forests. Many taxa are more diverse or abundant in the canopy and/or have vertically stratified species distributions. Water-filled tree holes are common aquatic habitats in many neotropical forests, yet little is known of factors influencing their biodiversity. I compared community parameters (species richness, abundance and composition) of tree hole macroorganisms at different heights (canopy, midstory, understory) in the forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Data from multiple censuses of 40 artificial tree holes during three wet seasons (1995-1997) revealed a small but significant decrease in the average number of species present with increasing height above the ground. Species richness and abundance were greater in larger holes. Similar patterns were observed in 206 natural tree holes. Of seven top predator species, one was not found in holes > 7 m above the ground; four other species occurred only in understory holes (ca. 1 m above the ground). Chemical properties of tree hole water did not differ with height, but canopy tree holes dried out more frequently and were thermally less stable than midstory and understory holes. Harsh thermal conditions and higher disturbance frequency may be responsible for the decline in species richness with height. INTRODUCTION Data from insecticide fogging and other methods (Erwin 1995, Basset et al. 1997) suggest that rain forest canopies harbor the bulk of global biodiversity and are more species-rich than lower forest levels (e.g., Erwin 1982, Kitching et al. 1993). Forest canopies contain a variety of patchy microhabitats, such as litter packs (e.g., Nadkarni & Longino 1990), tank bromeliads (e.g., Pittendrigh 1948) and tree holes (e.g., Galindo et al. 1951) with partly or wholly concealed faunas that cannot be sampled effectively by fogging (Adis 1990, Stork & Hammond 1997). The biotic diversity of these habitats in the canopy and along vertical gradients within tropical forests is not well known, partly because data collection tends to be especially laborand time-intensive (Tobin 1995). Many organisms have vertically stratified distributions in temperate and tropical forests, including epiphytes (e.g., Pittendrigh 1948, Benzing 1995); invertebrates (e.g., Longino & Nadkarni 1990, Brühl et al. 1998); lizards (Reagan 1995); birds (e.g., Pearson 1971); and mammals (Harrison 1962). Among tropical insects, height-specific distributions are best known for sylvan mosquito species (e.g., Bates 1944; Mattingly 1949; Galindo et al. 1950, 1951, 1955; Trapido et al. 1955). The forest canopy is drier and windier and receives more light than lower forest levels (e.g., Chazdon & Fetcher 1984, Parker 1995). Differences in physiological