Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows 1

Heat stress has an enormous economic impact on the global dairy industry, but the mechanisms by which hyperthermia negatively affect systemic physiology and milk synthesis are not clear. Study objectives were to evaluate production parameters and metabolic variables in lactating dairy cows during short-term heat stress or pair-fed conditions coupled with bST administration. Twenty-two multiparous Holstein cows were subjected to 3 experimental periods: 1) thermoneutral conditions with ad libitum intake for 7 d (P1); 2) heat stress (HS) with ad libitum intake (n = 10) or pair-fed (PF) in thermoneutral conditions (n = 12) for 7 d (P2), and 3) 7 d of HS or PF in conditions as described in P2 with recombinant bovine somatotropin administered on d 1 (P3). All cows received an intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) on d 5 of each period. Heat stress conditions were cyclical and temperatures ranged from 29.4 to 38.9°C. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates increased during heat stress (38.6–40.4°C and 44–89 breaths/min, respectively). Heat stress reduced dry matter intake by 30% and by design PF cows had similar intake reductions (28%). During heat stress and pair-feeding, milk yield decreased by 27.6% (9.6 kg) and 13.9% (4.8 kg), respectively, indicating that reduced feed intake accounted for only 50% of the decreased milk production. Milk yield increased with recombinant bovine somatotropin in both HS (9.7%) and PF (16.1%) cows. Cows in both groups were in positive energy balance (3.95 Mcal/d) during P1 but entered negative energy balance during P2 and P3 (−5.65 Mcal/d). Heat stress and pair-feeding treatments decreased (9.3%) basal glucose concentrations. Heat stress conditions had no effect on basal NEFA levels during P2; however, PF cows (despite a similar calculated energy balance) had a 2-fold increase in basal NEFA concentrations. Both groups had increased plasma urea nitrogen levels during P2 and P3 compared with P1. Basal insulin levels increased (37%) during P2 and P3 in HS cows but did not differ between periods in PF cows. During P2 and compared with P1, PF cows had a decreased rate of glucose disposal, whereas HS cows had a similar disposal rate following the GTT. During P2 and compared with P1, PF cows had a reduced insulin response whereas HS cows had a similar insulin response to the GTT. In summary, reduced nutrient intake accounted for only 50% of heat stress-induced decreases in milk yield, and feed intake-independent shifts in postabsorptive glucose and lipid homeostasis may contribute to the additional reduction in milk yield.
ACC/AHA PRACTICE GUIDELINES ACC/AHA Guidelines for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices

I. Indications for Permanent Pacing . 1179 A. Pacing for Acquired Atrioventricular Block in Adults . 1179 B. Pacing for Chronic Bifascicular and Trifascicular Block . 1180 C. Pacing for Atrioventricular Block Associated With Acute Myocardial Infarction . 1181 D. Pacing in Sinus Node Dysfunction . 1182 E. Prevention and Termination of Tachyarrhythmias by Pacing. 1182
Salinity Stress Indices of Seed Yield and Nutrient Compositions in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Soil salinity is a serious constrain to crop production in many areas of the world. Seven rapeseed genotypes were evaluated at two salinity levels of irrigation water including 0 and 12 ds/m in green house condition based on completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the most of the genotypes with the high seed yield in the non saline condition had high amount of seed yield in saline condition. Amount of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) were more correlated than potassium (K) with seed yield. Stress tolerance index related to potassium (STI) was significant positive correlated to Yp and Ys which indicating the importance of this stress index for improving seed yield in saline condition.L18 with high efficiency of Ca absorption in saline condition had the highest amount of seed yield in stress condition. STI was more efficient selection than SSI for improving seed yield and the other ions composition. On the basis of factor analysis the shoot ions compositions including Ca and Na are more suitable than K for discriminate the saline tolerant genotypes.
OPTIMAL DAMPING SET OF A MEMBRANE AND TOPOLOGY DISCOVERING SHAPE OPTIMIZATION

We study a shape optimization problem of finding the optimal damping set of a two-dimensional membrane such that the energy of the membrane is minimized at some fixed end time. We present numerical results based on level set methods, which lead to two observations. First, that the methods presented allow for certain topological changes in the optimized shapes. These changes can be realized in the presence of a force term in the level set equation. Second, that the method of gradient descent on the manifold of shapes does not require an exact line search to converge and that it is sufficient to perform heuristic line searches that do not evaluate the cost functional being minimized. AMS subject classifications: 49Q10, 65K10
Motivational Theory of Human Robot Teamwork

This paper presents a theory that allows us to better understand motivation in human‒robot teamwork. Teamwork with robots often involves both physical and mental activities. This implies that motivation might be particularly important to the success of human robot teams. Unfortunately, there is much we do not know with regards to the role of motivation in effective teamwork with robots. In this paper we propose the “Motivational Theory of Human‒Robot Teamwork” to better understand teamwork in human‒robot teams. In doing so, we leverage the research on robot personality.
Purification and Characterization of an Extracellular Chitinase from Rhizopus Oryzae

A chitinase with about 50 kDa of molecular mass from Rhizopus oryzae was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity after DEAE Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200 chromatographs, with specific activity of 165.2 U/mg, 19.7% recovery and 4.3-fold of purification. It had optimal pH and temperature at 5.5-6.0 and 60°C, respectively, and was stable at pH 5.0-8.5 and below 50°C. Ca^(2+), Sr^(2+), Ba^(2+), Mn^(2+), Co^(2+) and β-Me enhanced chitinase activity by 10-48% ,whereas Hg^(2+) and SDS strongly inhibited enzyme activity. This enzyme was identified that might be with both chitinolytic and amylolytic activity. According to the result of LC-MS/MS analysis, 4 identified amino acid sequences did not hit the same protein supposing that this enzyme is the first time reported.
SOME STRUCTURE THEOREMS FOR INVERSE LIMITS WITH SET-VALUED FUNCTIONS

We investigate inverse limits with set-valued bonding functions. We generalize theorems of W. T. Ingram and William S. Mahavier, and of Van Nall, on the connectedness of the inverse limit space. We establish a fixed point theorem and show that under certain conditions, inverse limits with set-valued bonding functions can be realized as ordinary inverse limits. We also obtain some results that are useful in determining the existence of certain subcompacta of the inverse limit on a single space with a single set-valued bonding function. All spaces considered in this paper will be metric. A continuum is a compact, connected metric space. A continuous function f : X → Y will be referred to as a mapping. We wish to consider inverse limits on inverse sequences X1, X2, . of compacta with upper semi-continuous bonding functions G n : Xn+1 → 2n . These inverse limits have been called generalized inverse limits and inverse limits with set-valued bonding functions. The literature on and interest in these inverse limits is growing fairly rapidly (see [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [10], [11], [12]). Perusing these papers, one notices that there are some commonly-used notations and terminology for important concepts related to a function G : X → 2 that are defined, in a natural way, relative to X, Y , and X × Y . Ordinarily, the graph of G would lie in X × 2 with the product topology induced from the topology of X and the topology of 2 . However, we wish to view the graph of G as a subset of X × Y , and for x ∈ X, we view G(x) as a subset of Y rather than a point in 2 . For essentially all of the properties we are interested in, the topologies of X, Y , and X × Y will influence 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 54C60, 54D80; Secondary 54B10, 54C15, 54F15, 54H25.
Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Alumina Composite Materials

Novel materials and processing routes provide opportunities for the production of advanced high performance structures for different applications. Ceramic matrix composites are one of these promising materials. Engineering ceramics such as Al2O3, Si3N4, SiC and ZrO2 produced by conventional manufacturing technology have high stiffness, excellent thermostability and relatively low density, but extreme brittle nature restricted them from many structural applications (Mukerji, 1993). Considerable attention has been adopted to improve the fracture toughness. An approach has been paid to the development of nanocrystalline ceramics with improved fracture properties. Decreasing the grain size of ceramics to the suband nano-meter scale leads to a marked increase in fracture strength (Miyahara et al., 1994). However, fracture toughness of nanocrystalline ceramics generally displays modest improvement or even deterioration (Miyahara et al., 1994; Rice, 1996; Yao et al., 2011). As one possible approach, incorporation of particulates, flakes and short/long fibers into ceramics matrix, as a second phase, to produce tougher ceramic materials is an eminent practice for decades (Evans, 1990). Recently, researchers have focused on the carbon nanomaterials, in particular carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are nanometer-sized tubes of single(SWCNTs) or multilayer graphene (MWCNTs) with outstanding mechanical, chemical and electrical properties (Dai et al., 1996; Ebbesen et al., 1996; Treacy et al., 1996; Huang et al., 2006; Peng et al., 2008), motivating their use in ceramic composite materials as a fibrous reinforcing agent.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF MOBILE VIDEO

With the explosive growth of mobile video applications, analysis of video quality becomes increasingly important because it is an important Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, a framework for non-reference video quality analysis is proposed and applied to Video Telephony (VT) in LTE networks. Three metrics, blockiness, blur and freezing, are used to estimate the MOS. Blockiness is detected by taking the H.264 codec features into account, blur is estimated by utilizing the percentage of noticeable blurred edges in each frame, and freezing is evaluated by using a sigmoid function to mimic the effect of different freezing duration on the Human Visual System (HVS). Furthermore, the three metrics are combined into one objective MOS by considering different weighting factors and using the linear curve fitting. Above 90% correlation is achieved between the objective MOS score and subjective MOS score.
The Effectiveness of an Interactive Training Program in Developing a Set of Non-Cognitive Skills in Students at University of Petra

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interactive training programs in developing a set of non-cognitive skills in students at the University of Petra. Furthermore, it sought to examine the impact of the sex, academic year, and university major variables on developing these skills in students who underwent the training program, as well as whether a correlation exists between the GPA of students in the experimental group and how they acquired these non-cognitive skills. The study focused on the following six non-cognitive skills: (a) locus of control; (b) planning; (c) empathy; (d) self-confidence; (e) growth mindset; and (f) grit. The study sample was randomly distributed into three groups: the first (Group A) attended an interactive training program; the second (B) attended a training course using a traditional teaching strategy; while the third (C) did not attend any programs whatsoever. The researchers have designed an interactive training program and a questionnaire to measure the sample’s non-cognitive skills on all six dimensions. The results indicate statistically significant differences between the different teaching methods used on all three groups (A, B, and C) in the overall test, as well as on three dimensions of empathy, growth mindset, and grit in favor of the experimental group (A). Additionally, findings have revealed no significant differences in the extent to which students in the experimental group (A) have acquired non-cognitive skills on the variables of sex, academic year, and university major. Moreover, the study did not show significant correlation between the extent to which students acquired these non-cognitive skills and their GPAs.
Measuring currents, ice drift, and waves from space: the Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) concept

We propose a satellite mission that uses a near-nadir Ka-band Doppler radar to measure surface currents, ice drift and ocean waves at spatial scales of 40 km and more, with snapshots at least every day for latitudes 75 to 82°, and every few days for other latitudes. The use of incidence angles of 6 and 12° allows for measurement of the directional wave spectrum, which yields accurate corrections of the wave-induced bias in the current measurements. The instrument's design, an algorithm for current vector retrieval and the expected mission performance are presented here. The instrument proposed can reveal features of tropical ocean and marginal ice zone (MIZ) dynamics that are inaccessible to other measurement systems, and providing global monitoring of the ocean mesoscale that surpasses the capability of today's nadir altimeters. Measuring ocean wave properties has many applications, including examining wave–current interactions, air–sea fluxes, the transport and convergence of marine plastic debris and assessment of marine and coastal hazards.
Supply chain flexibility in dynamic environments: The enabling role of operational absorptive capacity and organisational learning

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between environmental dynamism and supply chain flexibility (SCF) and to evaluate if two dynamic capabilities, i.e. operational absorptive capacity (OAC) and organisational learning (OL), are necessary competences for firms to develop such a responsive supply chain strategy as flexibility. Design/methodology/approach Hypothesised relationships are tested with survey data from 302 Spanish manufacturing firms using structural equations modelling. Findings Environmental dynamism is positively associated with both OAC and OL, and both dynamic capabilities enable SCF. The authors also find that the relationship between environmental dynamism and SCF is partially mediated by both dynamic capabilities. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the literature, for example, by determining when it is advantageous to develop SCF, by specifying what capabilities a firm needs to develop to align SCF with the environment, and by opening the black box that is the relationship between the environment and SCF. Practical implications Managers should develop SCF via OAC and OL when they detect a high degree of environmental dynamism. Knowing when this is necessary relies on a good understanding of the environment. OAC is found to be a stronger enabler of SCF than OL. The findings provide managers with an insight into why some firms are able to develop more effective responses to dynamic environments than others. Originality/value This study is one of only a limited number of studies that adopt a dynamic capabilities approach to supply chain management. Prior literature has shown that dynamic capabilities can aid in developing strategic, structural, and operational flexibility. The authors extend this literature by showing that OAC and OL have an effect on SCF.
Eff ects of inulin and β-glucan supplementation in broiler diets on growth performance , serum cholesterol , intestinal length , and immune system

Th is study was designed to investigate the eff ects of a supplement of inulin and β-glucan into broiler rations on growth performance, serum cholesterol, intestinal length, and immune system. A total of 320 male 1-day-old Ross PM3 broiler chicks were divided into 1 control and 3 treatment groups, each comprising 80 birds. Each group was divided into 4 replicate groups of 20 birds each. Th e treatment groups were supplemented with 0.7% inulin, 0.014% β-glucan, and 0.7% inulin + 0.014% β-glucan, respectively. Th e experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Immunomodulatory roles were also investigated by measuring the eff ects on specifi c antibody titer, and, for this purpose, vaccination against the Newcastle disease (ND) virus was administered on days 10 and 26. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also investigated. At the end of the experiment, inulin supplementation to the diets signifi cantly increased the intestine and cecum length. Th e supplementation of 0.7% inulin + 0.014% β-glucan to the diets not only had negative eff ects on performance parameters but also resulted in increased serum total cholesterol (P < 0.001) and triglyceride (P < 0.01) levels. Th e amount of abdominal fat of the carcasses also increased during this treatment in the animals in the inulin + β-glucan group by the end of the trial.
Earthquakes initiation and thermal shear instability in the Hindu Kush intermediate depth nest

Intermediate depth earthquakes often occur along subducting lithosphere, but despite their ubiquity the physical mechanism responsible for promoting brittle or brittle‐like failure is not well constrained. Large concentrations of intermediate depth earthquakes have been found to be related to slab break‐off, slab drip, and slab tears. The intermediate depth Hindu Kush nest is one of the most seismically active regions in the world and shows the correlation of a weak region associated with ongoing slab detachment process. Here we study relocated seismicity in the nest to constraint the geometry of the shear zone at the top of the detached slab. The analysis of the rupture process of the Mw 7.5 Afghanistan 2015 earthquake and other several well‐recorded events over the past 25 years shows an initially slow, highly dissipative rupture, followed by a dramatic dynamic frictional stress reduction and corresponding large energy radiation. These properties are typical of thermal driven rupture processes. We infer that thermal shear instabilities are a leading mechanism for the generation of intermediated‐depth earthquakes especially in presence of weak zone subjected to large strain accumulation, due to ongoing detachment process.
An Estimated New Keynesian Policy Model for Australia

A two-block open economy model is estimated in this paper using Australian and U.S. data. Evaluation of the estimated model is carried out in relation to a simple closed economy alternative. Namely, we inspect the implied transmission mechanisms, and examine the relative out-of-sample forecasting performance of the closed and open economy models.
Formation Control of Underactuated Marine Vehicles with Communication Constraints

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear coordination control scheme for formation control of a group of underactuated marine vehicles with communication topology constraints. In particular, we propose decentralized control laws for coordinated path following of marine vehicles with sparse communication networks. The topology of the communication network is captured in the framework of graph theory and the proposed control scheme is applicable to communication networks with both bidirectional and unidirectional communication links.
Evaluating the Utah Energy Balance (UEB) snow model in the Noah land-surface model

Noah (version 2.7.1), the community land-surface model (LSM) of National Centers for Environmental Predictions-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR), which is widely used to describe the land-surface processes either in stand-alone or in coupled land-atmospheric model systems, is recognized to underestimate snow–water equivalent (SWE). Noah's SWE bias can be attributed to its simple snow sub-model, which does not effectively describe the physical processes during snow accumulation and melt period. To improve SWE simulation in the Noah LSM, the Utah Energy Balance (UEB) snow model is implemented in Noah to test alternate snow surface temperature and snowmelt outflow schemes. Snow surface temperature was estimated using the force-restore method and snowmelt event is regulated by accounting for the internal energy of the snowpack. The modified Noah's SWE simulations are compared with the SWE observed at California's NRCS SNOTEL stations for 7 water years: 2002–2008, while the model's snow surface temperature is verified with observed surface-temperature data at an observation site in Utah. The experiments show that modification in Noah's snow process substantially reduced SWE estimation bias while keeping the simplicity of the Noah LSM. The results suggest that the model did not benefit from the alternate temperature representation but primary improvement can be attributed to the substituted snowmelt process.
Fungal Diversity Effect of Different Concentrations of Sodium Nitrate , Sodium Chloride , and Ferrous Sulphate on the Growth and Lipid Content of Chlorella Vu

Chlorella vulgaris is one of the better sources of energy. Nitrogen deficiency of Chlorella vulgaris to the level 0.1mM NaNO3 as shown in results gave the minimum mean growth rate and highest lipid content (54.88 % oil) as compared with control after 12 days old cultures (29.7% oil), which represents 84% more than its corresponding control. High salinity to the level of 0.45 mM also gave the minimum mean growth rate and highest lipid content (43.2 %). In a similar response to salinity 35.25 μM of ferrous sulphate gave the highest lipid content (34.7 % oil) as compared with control after 12 days old cultures. Thirteen fatty acids were identified. Total saturated fatty acids percentages ranged from 19.98-50.34% and total unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 41.88-80.00%, where the most of the applied treatments caused an obvious increase in unsaturated fatty acid contents comparing with control, and the major constituents of the lipid fraction of Chlorella vulgaris was found to be C14, C16, C18, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids. Also, it was found that all of the treatments in the present work resulted in formation of C24 fatty acid which was not recorded in the lipid profile of untreated alga.
Personality Profile of Persons with Alcohol Dependence with and without Cirrhosis: A Hospital Based Comparative Study

Background: Persons with alcohol dependence frequently suffer from co-morbid psychiatric disorders and personality disorders which influence drinking, social and occupational functioning, management and relapse. Are personality disorders similar in persons with alcoholic Cirrhosis and alcohol dependence? Objective: To study the personality profile of persons with alcohol induced cirrhosis and alcohol dependence syndrome. Materials and Methods: It is cross sectional, hospital based and comparative study with serial sampling involving a total of 80 patients, 40 in alcohol dependence with cirrhosis group and 40 in alcohol dependence without cirrhosis group. Study instruments used are Alcohol Intake database which has sections on socio-economic data and illness related data. International Personality Disorder Examination to diagnose personality disorder. Results: 32.5% of the total sample had a personality disorder with 30% in the Alcoholic Cirrhosis group and 35% in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome group. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a high frequency of personality disorders in patients with alcohol dependence and there is no significant difference in personality disorders between the two groups. We suggest that psychiatric intervention is needed in many patients to improve their likelihood of remaining abstinent from alcohol and for a better quality of life.