Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPERATION AND CONTROL OF SPLIT-PARALLEL , THROUGH-THE-ROAD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH IN-WHEEL MOTORS

A variant of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a split-axle, through-the-road parallel hybrid, which enables existing vehicles to be retrofitted into an HEV with minimal modification – achieved by placing electric motors in the hub of the otherwise non-driven wheels. The term ‘through-the-road’ (TTR) refers to the power coupling scheme between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and in-wheel motors (IWM), which is not through some mechanical device but through the vehicle itself, its wheels and the road on which it moves. The objective of the present work is to identify specific operating modes, power flow, torque-speed relationship, profiles and system architecture of the TTR-IWM hybrid in particular a retrofit-conversion hybrid in comparison to the ordinary parallel HEV. This paper also discusses three possible control architectures and the corresponding control parameters. The TTR-IWM hybrid’s reduced operating modes and inability to charge its battery bank during vehicle stand-still present challenges which require a specific control strategy. Simulation results of acceleration show that the TTR-IWM hybrid has better fuel economy and acceleration performance, compared to the pre-transmission, parallel hybrid vehicle with on-board motor.
Multi-colour optical monitoring of the intra-day variable blazar S5 0716+71

We report multi-colour optical monitoring of the intra-day variable blazar S5 0716+71 with a dense temporal coverage over a total duration of 4 weeks in February/March 1994. Four lters (BV Johnson and RI Cousins) were used on a majority of the nights. The light curves of the blazar were derived relative to two compar- ison stars present on the CCD frames. Intensity varia- tions of 0.05 mag from night-to-night were observed in half the cases and a good correlation between the light curves in the dierent passbands was noticed (as also for the observed intra-night variations). There seems to be no correlation between flux and optical spectral index of the blazar. In all, three prominent events of intra-night variability were detected, each with a rate of 0.1 mag per hour, lasting for at least 3 hours. Each of these flaring segments of the blazar light curves can be well tted with an exponential intensity prole whose rate of variation is essentially the same for all the passbands. No clear event of ultra-rapid fluctuations of the blazar on time scale 1 hour was detected in these multi-colour data. Present ob- servations have been carried out during a low brightness level of the blazar and they have no large amplitude vari- able events.
NONCOMMUNICABLE ( NCDS ) DISEASES AND SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ( SRH ) : LINKAGES AND OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH A LIFE-COURSE APPROACH

Introduction NCDs affect all countries and people of all ages. The WHO has identified NCDs as ‘the world’s biggest killers’ (1). NCDs include obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal, mental and neurological disorders. The United Nations General Assembly on Prevention and Control of NCDs and the UK Department of Health have stressed the importance of taking a life-course approach to addressing NCDs, from preconception through pregnancy, infancy, childhood and adolescence, through to adulthood and preparing for older age (2, 3). A life-course approach acknowledges the opportunity to prevent and control NCDs at multiple stages of life, thus offering the best chance of primary disease prevention.
Predictive modeling of electromechanical impedance spectroscopy for composite materials

The advancement of composite materials in aircraft structures has led to an increased need for effective structural health monitoring technologies that are able to detect and assess damage present in composite structures. The study presented in this article is interested in understanding self-sensing piezoelectric wafer sensors to conduct electromechanical impedance spectroscopy in glass fiber reinforced polymer composite to perform structural health monitoring. For this objective, multi-physics-based finite element method is used to model the electromechanical behavior of a free piezoelectric wafer active sensor and its interaction with the host structure on which it is bonded. The multi-physics-based modeling permits the input and output variables to be expressed directly in electric terms, while the two-way electromechanical conversion is done internally in the multi-physics-based finite element method formulation. The impedance responses are also studied in conditions when the sensor bonding layer is subject to degradation and when the sensor itself is subjected to breakage, respectively. To reach the goal of using the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy approach to detect damage, several damage models are generated on simplified orthotropic structure and laminated glass fiber reinforced polymer structures. The effects of the modeling are carefully studied through experimental validation. A good match has been observed for low and high frequencies.
THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT STYLES AND MARITAL SATISFACTION AND HAPPINESS FELL AMONG MARRIED FEMALE STUDENTS OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY ROUDEHEN

This study aims at investigating the relationship between the married female students' attachment styles with marital satisfaction and happiness at Islamic Azad University of Roudehen. The studied statistical population consists of all female married students at Islamic Azad University of Roudehen. The sample size is obtained equal to 250 based on the scientific principles and regression logic and equal to 300 with regard to the phenomenon of loss of subjects. The multi-stage random sampling method is done in this study. The data collection is based on Collins and Read adult attachment Scale (RASS), Enrich's marital satisfaction, and Oxford happiness scale as the complementary tools implemented on the target sample. The descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, charts, etc.) are applied to analyze data and the inferential statistics (through multiple-regression) is used for examining the research questions. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the female students' attachment styles with marital satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, it can be concludes that the couples' attachment styles affect the female students' marital satisfaction and happiness.
Perspectives in Diabetes Autonomic Mediation of Glucagon Secretion During Hypoglycemia Implications for Impaired -Cell Responses in Type 1 Diabetes GLUCAGON SECRETION DURING HYPOGLYCEMIA:

This article examines the role of the autonomic nervous system in mediating the increase of glucagon secretion observed during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH). In the first section, we briefly review the importance of the -cell response in recovery from hypoglycemia under both physiologic conditions and pathophysio-logic conditions, such as type 1 diabetes. We outline three possible mechanisms that may contribute to increased glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia but emphasize autonomic mediation. In the second section, we review the critical experimental data in animals, nonhuman primates, and humans suggesting that, in the absence of diabetes, the majority of the glucagon response to IIH is mediated by redundant autonomic stimulation of the islet -cell. Because the glucagon response to hypoglycemia is often impaired in patients with type 1 diabetes, in the third section, we examine the possibility that autonomic impairment contributes to the impairment of the glucagon response in these patients. We review two different types of autonomic impairment. The first is a slow-onset and progressive neuropathy that worsens with duration of diabetes, and the second is a rapid-onset, but reversible, auto- nomic dysfunction that is acutely induced by antecedent hypoglycemia. We propose that both types of autonomic dysfunction can contribute to the impaired glucagon responses in patients with type 1 diabetes. In the fourth section, we relate restoration of these glucagon responses to restoration of the auto- nomic responses to hypoglycemia. Finally, in the fifth section, we summarize the concepts underlying the autonomic hypothesis, the evidence for it, and the implications of the autonomic hypothesis for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. D i a b e t e s 4 7 :9 9 5–1005, 1998
Interlanguage studies in a cross cultural context: the interlanguage of Spanish speakers (L1) in an approach English (L2), German (L3)

This paper focuses on the acquisition of word order in German by adult native speakers of Spanish in an institutional context (longitudinal study) and a contrastive study on children and adolescent acquisition using transversal tests. The theoretical framework is based on generative grammar analysis proposed for verb placement in German and a review of recent acquisition studies. Analyses of verb movement account for an underlying subject-verb-object order for all languages proposed by Zwart (1993, 1997) based on parallel works by Kayne (1993, 1994) and Chomsky (1993, 1995).
Particle Swarm Optimized, 3-D-Printed, Wideband, Compact Hemispherical Antenna

A three-dimensional (3-D)-printed, wideband, compact hemispherical-shaped antenna is presented. It consists of a driven strip monopole and several parallel near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) strips that reside on the surfaces of a hemispherical shell. The monopole strip lies on the interior surface; the NFRP strips lie on the exterior one. This arrangement facilitates the requisite stable near-field capacitive coupling between them over a wide frequency range. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to define the lengths and locations of these NFRP strips to achieve its optimized operational bandwidth around 700 MHz given its compact size. The hemispherical shell was 3-D printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin; the strips were applied to it with silver paste. This prototype was tested. The measured results, in agreement with their simulated values, demonstrate that it achieves a 17.97% −10 dB fractional impedance bandwidth over which stable realized gain values, near 3.5 dBi, are attained. With its low-cost fabrication and attractive performance characteristics, this 3-D printed antenna is suitable for indoor multipath wireless communication systems.
ON OCEAN-ICE INTERACTION Modeling Ice Shelf / Ocean Interaction in Antarctica

The most rapid loss of ice from the Antarctic Ice Sheet is observed where ice streams flow into the ocean and begin to float, forming the great Antarctic ice shelves that surround much of the continent. Because these ice shelves are floating, their thinning does not greatly influence sea level. However, they also buttress the ice streams draining the ice sheet, and so ice shelf changes do significantly influence sea level by altering the discharge of grounded ice. Currently, the most significant loss of mass from the ice shelves is from melting at the base (although iceberg calving is a close second). Accessing the ocean beneath ice shelves is extremely difficult, so numerical models are invaluable for understanding the processes governing basal melting. This paper describes the different ways in which ice shelf/ocean interactions are modeled and discusses emerging directions that will enhance understanding of how the ice shelves are melting now and how this might change in the future. Iceberg B-15A, which calved from the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, in March 2000. Photo credit: Walker Smith By Michael S. Dinniman, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Paul R. Holland, Adrian Jenkins, and Ralph Timmermann A REVIEW
Intensive care aftermath : morbidity and disabilities after critical illness in adults

Background: Critical illness and intensive care treatment cause physical and psychological stress. Numerous after-effects have been reported in literature and comprise both physical and psychological morbidity which may lead to impairments and disabilities. Objective: To provide an overview of most frequently encountered sequelae, impairments and disabilities by adult patients recovering from critical illness and ICU admission. Search strategy: Relevant controlled trials, cohort studies, meta-analyses and reviews were identified by searching the PUBMED and EMBASE databases. Findings: Patients discharged from intensive care have psychological and physical morbidity. This is at least partially caused by the ICU treatment itself. Although improvement is seen in the months after discharge physical and psychological sequelae may be long lasting. Reduced quality of life after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) is common, stressing the importance of the problem. Limitations and impairment may be viewed as part of the normal recovery from ICU, however under estimation and lack of treatment of these problems may lead to prolonged ICU recovery. Conclusions: There is convincing evidence for significant physical and psychological morbidity and functional limitations after intensive care. The need for follow-up and treatment should be the subject of future research.
A three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model was applied to Lake Erie on a

[1] A three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model was applied to Lake Erie on a 2 km grid to study its summer circulation and thermal structure. Model results were compared to long-term observations of currents and temperature made in 2005 at several locations, mostly in its central basin. In the shallow and mostly unstratified western basin circulation is driven by Detroit River inflow (modified to some extent by wind) and is from west to east. In the central basin (which is of intermediate depth and has a relatively flat bottom), the modeled circulation is anticyclonic (clockwise), driven by anticyclonic vorticity in the surface wind, and the thermocline is bowl-shaped, in line with observations. In the deep part of the eastern basin, the thermocline is dome-shaped and circulation is cyclonic (counterclockwise), due to density gradients (a configuration typical for other large deep lakes), while shallower areas are occupied by anticyclonic circulation driven by anticyclonic wind vorticity. In the central basin, modeled temperature and circulation patterns are quite sensitive to the specification of the wind field. Anticyclonic wind vorticity leads to thinning of the hypolimnion in the central basin and earlier destratification in the fall.
Economic Inequality and the Rise in U . S . Imprisonment

This paper relates the growth in men’s prison admission rates to increasing economic inequality through the 1980s and 1990s. Previous research on incarceration examined national or state-level data, but this analysis constructs detailed annual prison admission rates for age-education-race subgroups. Analysis indicates a significant increase in educational inequality in incarceration; nearly all the growth in the risk of imprisonment between 1983 and 1999 was confined to noncollege men. Regressions of admission rates on men’s labor market outcomes indicates the negative effects of wages and employment on black men’s incarceration, and the negative effects hourly wages for white men. If 1980s wage and employment levels persisted through the late 1990s, estimate suggest that prison admission rates would be be 15 to 20 percent lower for men at all levels of education. Two major social trends reduced the living standards of young loweducation American men over the last thirty years. The earnings of men with just a high school education were eroded by the tide of rising U.S. income inequality. While wages fell, growth in the American penal system turned prison and jail time into common life events for low-skill and minority men. The new inequality and the prison boom both date from the mid-1970s, and both trends continued through the end of 1990s. Has the growth in economci inequality contributed to the growth in American imprisonment? Incarceration might be connected to economic inequality in two main ways. Rising inequality may increase crime at the bottom of the social hierarchy, generating more arrests, convictions, and prison admissions. Thus Richard Freeman (1996) argued that young black men turned to crime in response declining job opportunities through the 1980s and 1990s. Troy Duster (1997), similarly claims that the collapse of legitimate employment in poor urban neighborhoods drew young black men into the illegal drug trade, steeply increasing their risks of arrest and incarceration. For sociologists of punishment, criminal law functions not just to control crime, but also to contain marginal populations that are perceived as threatening by elites and voters. The direct link between contemporary economic inequality and punishment was forcefully claimed by Löıc Wacquant. Like Freeman and Duster, Wacquant (2000) sees recent growth in the penal system as closely connected to the decline of urban labor markets in the later postwar period. In Wacquant’s analysis, the “prisonization of the ghetto” represents just the latest form of institutionalized white supremacy—a social response to the demise of the ghetto as an economically viable, yet controlling, institution in the lives of African Americans. We examine the relationship between economic inequality and the grow-
Polarization of cluster radio halos with upcoming radio interferometers

Context. Synchrotron radio halos at the center of merging galaxy clusters provide the most spectacular and direct evidence of the presence of relativistic particles and magnetic fields associated with the intracluster medium. The study of polarized emission from radio halos has been shown to be extremely important to constrain the properties of intracluster magnetic fields. However, detecting this polarized signal is a very hard task with the current radio facilities. Aims. We investigate whether future radio observatories, such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), its precursors and its pathfinders, will be able to detect the polarized emission of radio halos in galaxy clusters. Methods. On the basis of cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations with initial magnetic fields injected by active galactic nuclei, we predict the expected radio halo polarized signal at 1.4 GHz. We compare these expectations with the limits of current radio facilities and explore the potential of the upcoming radio interferometers to investigate intracluster magnetic fields through the detection of polarized emission from radio halos. Results. The resolution and sensitivity values that are expected to be obtained in future sky surveys performed at 1.4 GHz using the SKA precursors and pathfinders (like APERTIF and ASKAP) are very promising for the detection of the polarized emission of the most powerful (L1.4 GHz > 10 25 Watt/Hz) radio halos. Furthermore, the JVLA have the potential to already detect polarized emission from strong radio halos, at a relatively low resolution. However, the possibility of detecting the polarized signal in fainter radio halos (L1.4 GHz � 10 24 Watt/Hz) at high resolution requires a sensitivity reachable only with SKA.
Experimental Determination of Gas Relative Permeability Considering Slippage Effect in a Tight Formation

In this paper, the gas relative permeability considering slippage effect has been experimentally examined under various experimental conditions (i.e., ambient, high confining pressure, and high temperature). Experimentally, Klinkenberg permeabilities of 12 core samples have been measured by using steady-state flow experiment. It has been found that the Klinkenberg permeability is independent of the experimental temperature and dramatically decreases as confining pressure is increasing. Furthermore, linear correlations have been newly developed between the Klinkenberg permeability and the gas-measured permeability under various conditions. Subsequently, the developed correlations are correspondingly applied to calibrate the gas relative permeability. It has been found that the gas relative permeability can be overestimated without consideration of the slippage effect, i.e., Klinkenberg effect. In addition, the newly developed correlations have been applied to analyze the sensitivity of gas–water relative permeability to gas-measured permeability, confining pressure, and temperature. It is demonstrated that mobile water greatly alleviates the gas relative permeability in comparison to irreducible water. Although an increased confining pressure simultaneously reduces the effective water phase and gas phase permeability, the gas relative permeability increases and the water relative permeability decreases as the confining pressure increases. It is attributed to the fact that the effective water phase permeability is more sensitive to the confining pressure. Given an elevated experimental temperature, the gas relative permeability is reduced while the water relative permeability is enhanced, implying the significance of temperature effect on gas–water relative permeability measurements.
DJINN: Implementation and evaluation of implicit social bookmarking paradigm

Social bookmarking is a popular way to share and publish bookmarks. The growth of the social bookmarking community is creating a parallel resource for web searches. In this paper we present an approach called implicit social bookmarking, that creates a bridge between classical web searches initiated in a search engine and search in social bookmarks. Our approach allows a user to implicitly contribute to a social bookmarking system and benefit from other user searches, therefore improving the accuracy of results of web searches. This paper details our approach, presents a prototype implementation of the approach called DJINN, and presents two evaluations of the concept. We conclude with a discussion of our results and directions for future work. Key words: social bookmarking, collaborative filtering, tagging.
THE RED MSX SOURCE SURVEY: THE MASSIVE YOUNG STELLAR POPULATION OF OUR GALAXY

We present the Red MSX Source survey, the largest statistically selected catalog of young massive protostars and H ii regions to date. We outline the construction of the catalog using mid- and near-infrared color selection. We also discuss the detailed follow up work at other wavelengths, including higher spatial resolution data in the infrared. We show that within the adopted selection bounds we are more than 90% complete for the massive protostellar population, with a positional accuracy of the exciting source of better than 2 arcsec. We briefly summarize some of the results that can be obtained from studying the properties of the objects in the catalog as a whole; we find evidence that the most massive stars form: (1) preferentially nearer the Galactic center than the anti-center; (2) in the most heavily reddened environments, suggestive of high accretion rates; and (3) from the most massive cloud cores.
Steady-State heat transfer through micro-channels in pressurized He II

The operation of the Large Hadron Collider superconducting magnets for current and high luminosity future applications relies on the cooling provided by helium-permeable cable insulations. These insulations take advantage of a He II micro-channels network constituting an extremely efficient path for heat extraction. In order to provide a fundamental understanding of the underlying thermal mechanisms, an experimental setup was built to investigate heat transport through single He II channels typical of the superconducting cable insulation network, where deviation from the macro-scale theory can appear. Micro-fabrication techniques were exploited to etch the channels down to a depth of ~ 16 im. The heat transport properties were measured in static pressurized He II and analyzed in terms of the laminar and turbulent He II laws, as well as in terms of the critical heat flux between the two regions.