Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Settlement Analysis of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls at Foundation Level

This paper presents the practical closed-form solutions for the settlement analyses of flexibly faced Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) walls at foundation level. The analytical solutions are developed for elastic settlement and 1D ultimate primary consolidation settlement analyses. The presented expressions can be readily implemented into the limit equilibrium design methods currently used for GRS walls. Unlike the conventional settlement calculation methods used in the current practice, the presented expressions adequately take into account the linear foundation pressure assumed in the limit equilibrium design procedures. The presented solutions allow efficient and accurate prediction of elastic and ultimate primary consolidation settlements of GRS walls. The presented formulae are based on the theory of elasticity which is widely used in the practical settlement analysis of shallow foundations. The flexible linear foundation pressure on the surface of a single layer system is assumed in this paper. The applicability of the solutions on multi-layered grounds is also explained. The common assumption of linear plane strain bearing pressure at the foundation level of GRS wall is adopted for the solutions and their applicability to the current limit equilibrium design methods is demonstrated.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SEISMIC INTENSITY MEASURES

Fragilities are essential tools for performance-based earthquake engineering. We examine two aspects of fragility analysis which relate to (1) the assumption that damage states of complex nonlinear structures correlate with responses of linear single degree of freedom systems, which are used to define intensity measures, and (2) the potential unfavorable effects of scaling ground motion. It is shown that response maxima of even simple nonlinear systems correlate weakly with those of linear oscillators and that scaling distorts statistical properties of the seismic ground motions. The usefulness of the resulting fragilities is questionable. 1 Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA (email: mdg12@cornell.edu) Grigoriu M. A Critical Review of Seismic Intensity Measures. Proceedings of the 11 National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. Eleventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Integrating Science, Engineering & Policy June 25-29, 2018 Los Angeles, California A Critical Review of Seismic Intensity Measures
Once Bitten , Twice Shy ? Do Firms Learn Following Bad Acquisitions ? †

We provide evidence that following bad acquisitions, firms learn and effect changes to avoid repeating their mistakes. While theories of organizational learning postulate that firms should learn from the bad acquisitions, such learning may not occur if agency costs or self-attribution biases predominate. We define a bad acquisition when the acquirer reports a goodwill impairment loss. We find that acquirers make more prudent choices, exhibit greater operational improvements, and gain 1.8% more in shareholder returns on announcement when an acquisition follows a bad one than otherwise. Our results cannot be explained by endogeneity of goodwill impairment and are robust to using announcement return to proxy failure.
URBAN PARK AND FOREST PARTICIPATION AND LANDSCAPE PREFERENCE : A REVIEW OF THE RELEVANT LITERATURE By

©2005 International Society of Arboriculture Blacksand Whites have always been important users of urban parks and forests. There is an abundance of previous research documenting the differences in park participation and preferences of these two groups (ORRC 1962; Lee 1972; Washburne 1978; Edwards 1981; Dwyer 1993; Gobster and Delgado 1993; Floyd 1999; Virden and Walker 1999; Cordell et al. 2002; Shinew et al. 2004). If urban foresters, arborists, and others involved in public landscape management and maintenance are to make urban parks and forests more open, appealing, and safe to all users, they need to understand the realities of the differences among constituent groups and consider them in their planning, management, and maintenance strategies. Floyd (1999) underscored the importance of understanding racial differences and calling them into account in park management and decision making. He argued that public agencies must ensure that management and maintenance policies promote equal access and use; and that there are, and will continue to be, racial differences in patterns of participation, the style of use, and in the preferences for different landscapes, such as developed or natural. Gobster (2002) pointed out that the realities of ethnic group participation and landscape preferences should be recognized to “avoid negative reactions and charges of inequities. ” While Gobster’s admonition refers to the importance of understanding the varying preferences of all ethnic groups, it seems especially relevant to African Americans. For many years, this group was the most numerous and readily identified minority in the United States. Their history of bondage and often institutionalized racial discrimination has led to a distrust of how deeply African Americans views and needs are considered in public policy making, including decisions concerning parks and other public landscapes. African Americans differ from the majority White population in regard to race, ethnicity, and minority status. Racial groups are distinguished by others or by their members primarily on the basis of real or perceived physical characteristics (Floyd 1999). Ethnic groups are set apart by cultural or nationality characteristics (Feagin 1989). Minority groups, because of race or ethnicity, may experience a wide range of discriminatory treatment, including a lower status position in the broader society (Yetman 1985). All three factors—race, ethnicity, and minority status—have likely contributed to differences between African Americans and the majority White population with regard to attitudes toward, and behaviors within, urban parks and forests. This article summarizes extant literature in this area and provides conclusions based on this information.
Computation of Seismic Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations with Prandtl Failure Mechanism by Using Pseudo-Dynamic Method

The appropriate evaluation of bearing capacity of shallow strip footing under seismic forces is an important area of research in earthquake geotechnical engineering. This paper presents a Pseudo-dynamic Method to compute the seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footing resting on C-Φ soil using limit equilibrium analysis considering Prandtl failure mechanism. The bearing capacity factor (Nγe) presents here for the concurrent resistance of unit weight, surcharge and cohesion, which is more practical to simulate the failure mechanism. The effect of soil friction angle (Φ), soil cohesion (C), shear wave and primary wave velocity (Vs,Vp) and horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations (Kh,Kv) are taken into account to evaluate the seismic bearing capacity of foundation. The results obtained from the present analysis are presented in both tabular and graphical non-dimensional form. Results are thoroughly compared with the existing values in the literature and the significance of the present methodology for designing the shallow strip footing is discussed.
The use of monoclonal antibodies to analyze the structure of Clostridium botulinum type E derivative toxin

Six monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium botulinum type E derivative toxin were prepared. Three of the five binding to the heavy chain neutralized the derivative toxin; the other one binding to the light chain did not. Immunoblotting analysis with the monoclonal antibodies showed that the fragment obtained by tryptic digestion consisted of the light chain and part of the heavy chain (H-1 fragment) linked together by a disulfide bond(s) and that the antigenic determinants common between type E and F derivative toxins were located on both the heavy and light chains. The fragment induced by chymotrypsin treatment, like the tryptic fragment, bound to four monoclonal antibodies. The mild tryptic treatment and reduction resulted in separation of the chymotryptic fragment into two smaller fragments corresponding to the light chain and H-1 fragment. These results indicate that H-1 fragment contains the amino-terminal portion of the heavy chain. The monoclonal antibody neutralizing the toxin and probably recognizing the epitope on the carboxyl-terminal portion (H-2 fragment) of the heavy chain effectively competed for binding of 125I-labeled derivative toxin to synaptosomes. Of the two monoclonal antibodies neutralizing the toxin and recognizing the epitopes on H-1 fragment, one partially inhibited binding, but the other did not. This suggests that the binding of 125I-labeled derivative toxin depends mainly on the carboxyl-terminal region of the heavy chain and that interference with binding is not the only means of toxin neutralization.
Fear-potentiation in the elevated plus-maze test depends on stressor controllability and fear conditioning.

The purpose of the study was to determine which stressor qualities (escapable vs. inescapable stress and unconditioned vs. conditioned stress) can potentiate fear in the elevated plus-maze. While inescapable stress potentiated fear, escapable stress did not, but escapable stress increased the locomotor activity (closed arm entries). Inescapable stress only potentiated fear when re-exposure to the former shock compartment, 24 h after footshock and without further footshock, took place just before to 90 min before testing in the elevated plus-maze. We conclude that fear-potentiation in the plus-maze depends on stressor controllability and contextual conditioning. Fear-potentiation was reduced by the anxiolytic diazepam (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and was further enhanced by the anxiogenic DMCM (1.0 mg/kg, s.c). The fear-potentiated plus-maze test may be a valuable tool in the search for novel anxiolytics and in the study of the neurobiology of fear-potentiation, fear conditioning and generalization of fear.
Effect of Intercropping Systems and Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth , Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Sesame under Semi-Arid Region

Sesame is an important edible oilseed crop grown in semi-arid and arid regions. In this area, rainfall is generally erratic and insufficient in nature. Moreover, irrigation facilities are also limited. Therefore, to avoid the risk of sole crop, adopting of intercropping is more safe and profitable cropping system for increasing the total production and net profit per unit area. Intercropping offers to farmers the opportunity to engage nature‟s principles of diversity at his farm [1]. The system of intercropping not only improves the yield and returns but also reduces the risk of complete crop failure as compare to the sole cropping system [2]. The yield advantage obtained through intercropping is due to efficient utilization of available growth resources like water [3], nutrients [4], and sun light. Intercropping, besides utilizing growth resources efficiently, suppressed weeds, disease and pest incidences [5]. In kharif pulses + sesame intercropping system, all crop have different peak demand for light, nutrients and water, therefore it facilitates optimum utilization of resources. Plant population and spatial arrangement in intercropping have important bearing on productivity of component crops. The reason for better growth and development under these treatments might be the increased availability of nutrients to plant initially through inorganic fertilizers and then by organic manures like vermicompost and FYM matching to the need of crop throughout the growing season.
Cloaking via anomalous localized resonance for doubly complementary media in the quasistatic regime

This paper is devoted to the study of cloaking via anomalous localized resonance (CALR) in the twoand three-dimensional quasistatic regimes. CALR associated with negative index materials was discovered by Milton and Nicorovici [21] for constant plasmonic structures in the two-dimensional quasistatic regime. Two key features of this phenomenon are the localized resonance, i.e., the fields blow up in some regions and remain bounded in some others, and the connection between the localized resonance and the blow up of the power of the fields as the loss of the material goes to 0. An important class of negative index materials for which the localized resonance might appear is the class of reflecting complementary media introduced in [24]. It was shown in [29] that the complementarity property is not enough to ensure a connection between the blow up of the power and the localized resonance. In this paper, we study CALR for a subclass of complementary media called doubly complementary media. This class is rich enough to allow us to cloak an arbitrary source concentrating on an arbitrary smooth bounded manifold of codimension 1 placed in an arbitrary medium via anomalous localized resonance; the cloak is independent of the source. The following three properties are established for doubly complementary media: P1. CALR appears if and only if the power blows up; P2. The power blows up if the source is located “near” the plasmonic structure; P3. The power remains bounded if the source is far away from the plasmonic structure. Property P2, the blow up of the power, is in fact established for reflecting complementary media. The proofs are based on several new observations and ideas. One of the difficulties is to handle the localized resonance. To this end, we extend the reflecting and removing localized singularity techniques introduced in [24–26], and implement the separation of variables for Cauchy problems for a general shell. The results in this paper are inspired by and imply recent ones of Ammari et al. [3] and Kohn et al. [16] in two dimensions and extend theirs to general non-radial core-shell structures in both two and three dimensions.
Aged Mice Require Full Transcription Factor, Runx2/Cbfa1, Gene Dosage for Cancellous Bone Regeneration After Bone Marrow Ablation

Runx2 is prerequisite for the osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. To elucidate Runx2 gene functions in adult bone metabolism, we conducted bone marrow ablation in Runx2 heterozygous knockout mice and found that aged (but not young) adult Runx2 heterozygous knockout mice have reduced new bone formation capacity after bone marrow ablation. We also found that bone marrow cells from aged Runx2 heterozygous knockout mice have reduced ALP+ colony‐forming potential in vitro. This indicates that full Runx2 dosage is needed for the maintenance of osteoblastic activity in adult mice.
Spatial and temporal expression of the 72‐kDa type IV collagenase (MMP‐2) correlates with development and differentiation of valves in the embryonic avian heart

Extracellular proteases may play an important role in the regulation of cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix during development. In this study, we have examined the embryonic avian heart for the expression of matrix metalloproteases. The 72‐kDa type IV collagenase, MMP‐2, was detected in extracts of whole hearts and showed a modest increase in amount over time. This increase in enzyme activity corresponded to a small increase in the steady‐state level of mRNA for this enzyme. A more dramatic increase was seen in the amount of the 66‐kDa activated form of this enzyme as development progressed, suggesting that the process of activation, rather than enzyme synthesis, may be the important regulatory step in this system. Coincident with the change in the level of active MMP‐2 was a significant increase in the expression of the MMP‐2 activator, MT‐MMP, between stages 12 and 24. The message for MMP‐2 was expressed by the endocardium of the cushion tissues which was undergoing an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and by the migrating mesenchymal cells, suggesting a role for this protease in regulating cell motility and matrix invasion. In older staged hearts, the cells of the differentiating valves expressed high levels of MMP‐2 which may be important for the final remodeling events in this region. Dev. Dyn. 209:261–268, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of genetic parameters for production traits and somatic cell score in Iranian Holstein dairy cattle using random regression model

In this study test-day records of milk (kg), fat (g), and protein (g) yields, somatic cell score (SCS, cells/ML) collected by Animal Breeding Center of Iran during 2007 and 2009 were used to estimate genetic parameters using random regression model. Models with different order of Le- gendre polynomials were compared using Bayesian information criterion (BIC). For milk, fat yield and SCS genetic and permanent environmental effects were modeled with 3 th order of Legendre pol- ynomials and for protein yield genetic and permanent environmental effects were modeled with 4 th and 3 rd order of Legendre polynomials, respectively. The mean heritability for milk, fat, protein yield and SCS were 0.24, 0.12, 0.23 and 0.07, respectively. For all the traits except for SCS, the estimated heritabilities were lowest at the beginning and higher at the end of the lactation period. Around peak yield (DIM 50 to 150), heritability was lowest for all traits and then increased to the end of lactation. Phenotypic correlations were high between adjacent yields and small between yields at the extremes of the lactation curve. Negative genetic correlations were observed between tests at the beginning and at the end of lactation in this research. The present study showed clear evidence for the benefits of using a random regression TD model for management decisions. Keywords: genetic parameters, random regression, production traits, somatic cell score, Iranian Holstein dairy cattle.
A Neuronal Correlate of Secondary Hyperalgesia in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Submodality Selective and Facilitated by Supraspinal Influence

Tissue injury produces hyperalgesia not only in the injured area (primary hyperalgesia) but also outside of it (secondary hyperalgesia). In the present investigation, the submodality selectivity and the contribution of supraspinal influence to a neural correlate of the secondary hyperalgesia induced by neurogenic inflammation was studied in the presumed pain relay neurons of the rat spinal dorsal horn. Mechanically and thermally evoked responses to wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons of the spinal dorsal horn were recorded under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia in rats. Neurogenic inflammation was induced by application of mustard oil outside of the receptive fields of WDR neurons. To study the contribution of supraspinal influence to mustard oil-induced changes in neuronal responses, the spinal cord was transected at a midthoracic level or lidocaine was microinjected into the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM). Furthermore, the antidromically evoked compound volley in the sural nerve was determined to reveal excitability changes in the central terminals of primary afferent A-fibers induced by mustard oil. The results indicate that mustard oil adjacent to the receptive fields of spinal WDR neurons significantly enhanced their responses to mechanical but not to noxious heat stimuli, without a significant influence on their spontaneous activity. Both high- and low-threshold mechanoreceptive input to WDR neurons was equally facilitated, whereas mechanoreceptive input to spinal dorsal horn neurons mediating innocuous messages (low-threshold mechanoreceptive neurons) was not changed. Mustard oil in a remote site (forepaw) did not produce any hyperexcitability to responses evoked by hindpaw stimulation. Spinal transection or lidocaine block of the RVM significantly attenuated the mustard oil-induced mechanical hyperexcitability in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Mustard oil had no significant effect on a compound volley in the sural nerve induced by intraspinal stimulation of sural nerve terminals at a submaximal intensity. The selective mechanical hyperexcitability in spinal WDR neurons, without a change in their spontaneous activity, can be explained by a heterosynaptic facilitatory action on presynaptic terminals mediating mechanical signals to these nociceptive spinal neurons. These findings indicate that brain stem-spinal pathways, involving the RVM, do not only suppress nociception but under some pathophysiological conditions concurrent facilitatory influence may predominate and lead to enhancement of mechanical hyperexcitability. The descending facilitatory feed-back loop to nociceptive spinal neurons may help to protect the wounded tissue and thus promote healing.
[Infection Status and Prognosis Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin's Lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the Epstein Barr virus(EBV) positive rate in newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL) and the prognostic significance of EBV status. METHODS A total of 120 previously untreated patients with histologically confirmed Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled in this study. The EBV infection status was confirmed through examining EBV-RNA(EBER) or EBV latent membrane protein-1, and these patients were divided into EBV positive group and EBV negative group. The correlation of clinical features and EBV infection status was analyzed. For analysis of prognostic significance of EBV infection, the patients were divided into dead and survival groups, and the factors affecting the living conditions were analyzed. RESULTS Among 120 patients with HL, 36 patients(30.0%) were found with EBV infection. In EBV+ HL group patients were male, aged 6-15 and 61-74, the proportion of patients with mixed cellular sybtype was significantly higher than that in EBV- HL group(P<0.05). The 1 year and 2 year total survival rate of patients in EBV+ group were 88.9% and 83.3%, and significantly lower than 97.6% and 95.2% in EBV- group. Out of the 120 patients with HL, 10 patients died(8.3%). In death group, patients aged 61-74 and did not received radiotherapy, their proportion of EBV+ infection was significantly hyher than that in survival group (P<0.05). Multiriabl analysis showed that the age 61-74 and EBV+ infection were the risk factors for survival coditions of patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The EBV infection relates with HL, the clinical featuses of HL patients with EBV+ or EBV- are different, the total survival time of patients in EBV+ group is shorter than that of patients in EBV- group, the EBV+ infection is a risk factor for total survival time of patients with HL.
MAXIMAL COHEN-MACAULAY MODULES OVER QUOTIENT SURFACE SINGULARITIES

In this note I discuss a relationship between the McKay Correspondence for twodimensional quotient singularities and the theory of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules. 1. McKay’s observation Let G ⊆ SL2(C) be a finite group. Then one can attach to it the following pair of combinatorial objects. First object. By Maschke’s theorem, the category of finite dimensional representations of G over the field C is semi-simple. Let { V0, V1, . , Vn } be the set of the isomorphy classes of the irreducible representations of G, where V0 = C is the trivial representation, and W = C be the fundamental representation of G induced by the embedding G ⊆ SL2(C). For any 0 ≤ i ≤ n, we set mi = dimC(Vi). For any 0 ≤ i ≤ n we have decompositions
Accuracy of parenteral nutrition solutions compounded with automated systems and by hand.

The ASHP Guidelines on the Safe Use of Automatic Compounding Devices for the Preparation of Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures reported in 2000 that approximately 65% of U.S. hospitals used automated systems for parenteral nutrition (PN) compounding. [1][1] Automated systems have been found to be more