Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Virtual Arthroscopic Simulator for Orthopaedic Surgery Residents by Year in Training

Background: Virtual reality arthroscopic simulators are an attractive option for resident training and are increasingly used across training programs. However, no study has analyzed the utility of simulators for trainees based on their level of training/postgraduate year (PGY). Purpose/Hypothesis: The primary aim of this study was to determine the utility of the ArthroS arthroscopic simulator for orthopaedic trainees based on their level of training. We hypothesized that residents at all levels would show similar improvements in performance after completion of the training modules. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen orthopaedic surgery residents performed diagnostic knee and shoulder tasks on the ArthroS simulator. Participants completed a series of training modules and then repeated the diagnostic tasks. Correlation coefficients (r2) were calculated for improvements in the mean composite score (based on the Imperial Global Arthroscopy Rating Scale [IGARS]) as a function of PGY. Results: The mean improvement in the composite score for participants as a whole was 11.2 ± 10.0 points (P = .0003) for the knee simulator and 14.9 ± 10.9 points (P = .0352) for the shoulder simulator. When broken down by PGY, all groups showed improvement, with greater improvements seen for junior-level residents in the knee simulator and greater improvements seen for senior-level residents in the shoulder simulator. Analysis of variance for the score improvement variable among the different PGY groups yielded an f value of 1.640 (P = .2258) for the knee simulator data and an f value of 0.2292 (P = .917) for the shoulder simulator data. The correlation coefficient (r2) was –0.866 for the knee score improvement and 0.887 for the shoulder score improvement. Conclusion: Residents training on a virtual arthroscopic simulator made significant improvements in both knee and shoulder arthroscopic surgery skills. Clinical Relevance: The current study adds to mounting evidence supporting virtual arthroscopic simulator–based training for orthopaedic residents. Most significantly, this study also provides a baseline for evidence-based targeted use of arthroscopic simulators based on resident training level.
Treatment effect quantification for time‐to‐event endpoints–Estimands, analysis strategies, and beyond

A draft addendum to ICH E9 has been released for public consultation in August 2017. The addendum focuses on two topics particularly relevant for randomized confirmatory clinical trials: estimands and sensitivity analyses. The need to amend ICH E9 grew out of the realization of a lack of alignment between the objectives of a clinical trial stated in the protocol and the accompanying quantification of the “treatment effect” reported in a regulatory submission. We embed time‐to‐event endpoints in the estimand framework and discuss how the four estimand attributes described in the addendum apply to time‐to‐event endpoints. We point out that if the proportional hazards assumption is not met, the estimand targeted by the most prevalent methods used to analyze time‐to‐event endpoints, logrank test, and Cox regression depends on the censoring distribution. We discuss for a large randomized clinical trial how the analyses for the primary and secondary endpoints as well as the sensitivity analyses actually performed in the trial can be seen in the context of the addendum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to do so for a trial with a time‐to‐event endpoint. Questions that remain open with the addendum for time‐to‐event endpoints and beyond are formulated, and recommendations for planning of future trials are given. We hope that this will provide a contribution to developing a common framework based on the final version of the addendum that can be applied to design, protocols, statistical analysis plans, and clinical study reports in the future.
Hemorrhage Attenuates Neutrophil Recruitment in Response to Secondary Respiratory Infection by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

Neutrophil recruitment into the lung airspaces plays an important role in the containment and clearance of bacteria. Hemorrhagic shock, a complication of traumatic injury, induces immune dysfunction that compromises host defense and frequently leads to secondary infection. The objective of the current study was to determine whether prior hemorrhage impacts neutrophil recruitment in response to secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Experiments were performed using a mouse model (C57BL/6) of respiratory infection by P. aeruginosa (strain PA103, 3 x 10 colony-forming units [CFUs]) that is delivered by intratracheal inhalation 24 hours after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock (fixed mean arterial blood pressure at 35 mmHg for 90 minutes, Ringer's lactate infused as fluid resuscitation). By post-mortem flow cytometry analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, we observe that prior hemorrhage attenuates the entry of neutrophils into the lung airspaces in response to P. aeruginosa. The reduction in neutrophil recruitment occurs in an amplified inflammatory environment, with elevated lung tissue levels of interleukin 6 and C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) in mice receiving hemorrhage prior to infection. As compared to either insult alone, outcome to sequential hemorrhage and respiratory infection includes enhanced mortality compared to either insult alone. The effect of prior hemorrhage on clearance of P. aeruginosa, as determined by quantifying bacterial CFUs in lung tissue, was not statistically significant at 24 hours post-infection, but our data suggest that further inquiry may be needed to fully understand the potential impact of hemorrhagic shock on this process. These results suggest that changes in neutrophil recruitment may contribute to the immune dysfunction following hemorrhagic shock that renders the host susceptible to severe respiratory infection.
Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Lost to Follow-up Pada Pasien Hiv/aids Dengan Terapi Arv Di Rsup Dr Kariadi Semarang

Latar belakang: Lost to follow-up pada pasien HIV/AIDS menyebabkan berhentinya terapi dan meningkatkan risiko kematian. Lost to follow-up dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor seperti karakteristik pasien, tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi pasien, dukungan sosial, keterjangkauan klinik VCT, pelayanan klinik VCT, tingkat kepatuhan terapi serta terdapat alasan – alasan lain yang menyebabkan lost to follow-up pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap lost to follow-up pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 83 pasien HIV/AIDS. Data yang digunakan berupa catatan medik dan hasil kuisioner. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan uji chi-square. Hasil: Dari 83 responden penelitian, didapatkan 52 pasien lost to follow-up dan 31 tidak lost to follow-up. Dari 52 pasien lost to follow-up, 16 (30,8%) telah meninggal, 28 (53,8%) masih hidup, dan 8 (15,4%) tidak dapat ditelusuri. Pasien yang menyatakan berhenti terapi memiliki alasan untuk tidak berobat lagi diantaranya adalah pekerjaan atau aktivitas sehari-hari, persepsi pasien yang kurang, pengobatan alternatif, kepercayaan religi, efek samping obat, keterjangkauan klinik VCT, pelayanan klinik VCT yang kurang memuaskan dan dukungan sosial yang kurang. Didapatkan 4 variabel karakteristik pasien yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap lost to follow-up yakni usia (p=0,047), kadar CD4 (p=0,044), lama terapi (p<0,001), dan regimen ARV (p=0,023). Selain itu, didapatkan 4 variabel lain yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap lost to follow-up yaitu tingkat pengetahuan (p<0,001), persepsi pasien (p=0,045), dukungan sosial (p=0,002) dan tingkat kepatuhan (p=0,011). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi lost to follow-up pada pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUP dr Kariadi sebesar 4,5%. Didapatkan 8 variabel yang mempengaruhi lost to follow-up yakni usia, kadar CD4, lama terapi, regimen ARV, tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi pasien, dukungan sosial dan tingkat kepatuhan.
Revocable Identity-Based Encryption Scheme Under LWE Assumption in the Standard Model

A revocable identity-based encryption (IBE) scheme under learning with error (LWE) assumption from lattice is proposed; compared with the existing IBE schemes from lattices, two improvements are available in the new scheme. First, the revocation mechanism for identity of user (or thing) is added in the new scheme to manage the dynamic user (or thing) identity in the system, and making the IBE scheme from lattice becomes more practical than ever before. Second, the security of the new scheme is based on the LWE assumption from lattice, so our construction has a solid secure foundation. The scheme is proved to be secured against adaptive-ID attacks under LWE assumption from lattice in the standard model.
Gene expression in the phenotypically plastic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): A focus on growth and ossification at early stages of development

Gene expression during development shapes the phenotypes of individuals. Although embryonic gene expression can have lasting effects on developmental trajectories, few studies consider the role of maternal effects, such as egg size, on gene expression. Using qPCR, we characterize relative expression of 14 growth and/or skeletal promoting genes across embryonic development in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We test to what extent their relative expression is correlated with egg size and size at early life‐stages within the study population. We predict smaller individuals to have higher expression of growth and skeletal promoting genes, due to less maternal resources (i.e., yolk) and prioritization of energy toward ossification. We found expression levels to vary across developmental stages and only three genes (Mmp9, Star, and Sgk1) correlated with individual size at a given developmental stage. Contrary to our hypothesis, expression of Mmp9 and Star showed a non‐linear relationship with size (at post fertilization and hatching, respectively), whilst Sgk1 was higher in larger embryos at hatching. Interestingly, these genes are also associated with craniofacial divergence of Arctic charr morphs. Our results indicate that early life‐stage variation in gene expression, concomitant to maternal effects, can influence developmental plasticity and potentially the evolution of resource polymorphism in fishes.
Identifying Stops and Moves in WiFi Tracking Data

There are multiple methods for tracking individuals, but the classical ones such as using GPS or video surveillance systems do not scale or have large costs. The need for large-scale tracking, for thousands or even millions of individuals, over large areas such as cities, requires the use of alternative techniques. WiFi tracking is a scalable solution that has gained attention recently. This method permits unobtrusive tracking of large crowds, at a reduced cost. However, extracting knowledge from the data gathered through WiFi tracking is not simple, due to the low positional accuracy and the dependence on signals generated by the tracked device, which are irregular and sparse. To facilitate further data analysis, we can partition individual trajectories into periods of stops and moves. This abstraction level is fundamental, and it opens the way for answering complex questions about visited locations or even social behavior. Determining stops and movements has been previously addressed for tracking data gathered using GPS. GPS trajectories have higher positional accuracy at a fixed, higher frequency as compared to trajectories obtained through WiFi. However, even with the increase in accuracy, the problem, of separating traces in periods of stops and movements, remains similar to the one we encountered for WiFi tracking. In this paper, we study three algorithms for determining stops and movements for GPS-based datasets and explore their applicability to WiFi-based data. We propose possible improvements to the best-performing algorithm considering the specifics of WiFi tracking data.
New horizons in lymph node imaging in head and neck cancer

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Intratumoral Heterogeneity Accounts for Apparent Progression of Noninvasive Serous Tumors to Invasive Low-grade Serous Carcinoma: A Study of 30 Low-grade Serous Tumors of the Ovary in 18 Patients With Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Noninvasive ovarian low-grade serous tumors [atypical proliferative serous tumor (APST)/serous borderline tumor] appear to progress to invasive low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) at a low but regular rate. The underlying biology of this phenomenon is unknown. We studied 18 patients with 30 ovarian tumors (12 bilateral), including APST, noninvasive LGSC and invasive LGSC, who also had low-grade serous carcinomatosis. Tumors were evaluated for microinvasion (usual eosinophilic cell type), microinvasive carcinoma (<5 mm invasion of micropapillary nests), and overt carcinoma (≥5 mm invasion of micropapillary nests). Tumors were evaluated based on the original numerical order of sections under the hypothetical scenarios in which sampling was stopped at 1 section/cm and 2 sections/cm. Sampling based on 1 section/cm of greatest tumor dimension identified invasion of any type in 21 tumors (70%). Among these 21 tumors, 10 had microinvasive carcinoma, and 11 overt carcinoma. Sampling based on 2 sections/cm identified microinvasive carcinoma in 9 tumors and overt carcinoma in 14 tumors. With increased sampling from 1 to 2 sections/cm, the diagnosis in 3 tumors would have changed from microinvasive carcinoma to overt carcinoma, and in an additional 2 tumors from APST to APST with microinvasive carcinoma. Sampling based on >2 sections/cm changed the diagnosis in 1 additional case of APST with microinvasive carcinoma to overt carcinoma. These findings support that undetected (unsampled) occult invasion in the primary ovarian tumors is a likely explanation for some cases of apparent progression of noninvasive low-grade serous ovarian tumors to invasive LGSC. To minimize undetected occult invasion, consideration of sampling noninvasive low-grade ovarian serous tumors with at least 2 sections/cm of maximum tumor diameter may be warranted. The eosinophilic cell type of microinvasion, or microinvasive carcinoma, regardless of size, should prompt further sampling to identify overt carcinoma. The eosinophilic type of microinvasion was never seen alone in this cohort and by itself may be biologically insignificant.
Diabetes Mellitus and Its Degenerative Complications: A Prospective Study of 4,400 Patients Observed Between 1947 and 1973

This article was originally published in French in Diabete et Metabolisme (vol. 3: 97–107, 173–182, 245–256; 1977). The Editors of DIABETES CARE thank the author, and the editors and publisher of Diabete et Metabolisme for granting permission for us to print this English translation. The paper was translated by Marjorie Levin of Miami, Florida. Part 2 of this translation will appear in the July–August issue of DIABETES CARE.
Selective Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) by BRL50481 in Healthy and Ovalbumin-Sensitized Guinea Pigs

Selective Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) by BRL50481 in Healthy and Ovalbumin-Sensitized Guinea Pigs Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors may have significant clinical benefit in respiratory diseases associated with inflammation. The aim was to evaluate effects of selective PDE7 inhibitor (BRL50481) on citric acid induced cough, in vivo and in vitro airway smooth muscle reactivity in both healthy and ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs, as well as its effectiveness in changes of blood cells count. Tested drugs were administered intraperitoneally to male guinea pigs once daily for 7 days either vehicle 10% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) 3 ml/kg (as control) or BRL50481 1 mg/kg. Double chamber whole body plethysmograph was used for evaluation of citric acid (0.6 M) induced cough and specific airway resistance. Organ bath method was used for measurement of tracheal and lung tissue strips contractions evoked by cumulative doses (10-8 - 10-3 mol/L) of acetylcholine (ACH) and histamine (HIS). In healthy guinea pigs we did not observe significant effect of tested drug BRL50481 on in vitro contractions (similarly to in vivo conditions). The effect on cough was in healthy animals negligible. In ovalbumin-sensitized animals, more pronounced in vitro relaxing effect of BRL50481 in HIS induced contractions was observed with similar results in vivo and no significant change in number of cough efforts. Our results suggest that PDE7 inhibitors have stronger anti-inflammatory effect compared to its direct effect on smooth muscle and cough.
Assessing Energy Intake in Daily Life: Signal-Contingent Smartphone Application Versus Event-Contingent Paper and Pencil Estimated Diet Diary

Objectives: Investigating between-meal snack intake and its associated determinants such as emotions and stress presents challenges because both vary from moment to moment throughout the day. A smartphone application (app), was developed to map momentary between-meal snack intake and its associated determinants in the context of daily life. The aim of this study was to compare energy intake reported with the signal-contingent app and reported with an event-contingent paper and pencil diet diary. Methods: In a counterbalanced, cross-sectional design, adults (N = 46) from the general population reported between-meal snack intake during four consecutive days with the app and four consecutive days with a paper and pencil diet diary. A 10-day interval was applied between the two reporting periods. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to compare both instruments on reported momentary and daily energy intake from snacks. Results: Results showed no significant difference (B = 11.84, p = .14) in momentary energy intake from snacks between the two instruments. However, a significant difference (B = –105.89, p < .01) was found on energy intake from total daily snack consumption. Conclusions: As at momentary level both instruments were comparable in assessing energy intake, research purposes will largely determine the sampling procedure of choice. When momentary associations across time are the interest of study, a signal-contingent sampling procedure may be a suitable method. Since the compared instruments differed on two main features (i.e. the sampling procedure and the device used) it is difficult to disentangle which instrument was the most accurate in assessing daily energy intake.
Secure Quantum Key Distribution over 421 km of Optical Fiber.

We present a quantum key distribution system with a 2.5 GHz repetition rate using a three-state time-bin protocol combined with a one-decoy approach. Taking advantage of superconducting single-photon detectors optimized for quantum key distribution and ultralow-loss fiber, we can distribute secret keys at a maximum distance of 421 km and obtain secret key rates of 6.5 bps over 405 km.
Social aspects of dementia and dementia practice

Social aspects of dementia are becoming increasingly important as part of a wider shift in emphasis from cure to care. This is partly because approaches based on finding a cure have proved far more difficult and complex than originally imagined (WHO, 2016). New evidence on the effectiveness of public health measures, that while incidence is growing as the proportion of older people in society increases its prevalence amongst older adults is actually falling, has also lead to increased interest in social dimensions of prevention, lifestyle change, and practical intervention in community settings (Prince et al., 2016; Kivipelto et al., 2017). This, in turn, has led to a rediscovery of the role of supports to people living with dementia in their daily lives, the needs of informal carers, and professional activities that can maintain the social engagement of each party (Winblad et al., 2016). The expansion of practice around person-centered care, beyond traditional institutional settings, has also contributed to a socialized view of how interactions in dementia care are thought about (Bartlett et al., 2017), as has an increased awareness of the effects of the social construction of dementia in the public mind (Biggs, 2018). Most recently, people living with dementia, and particularly with respect to younger onset dementia, have begun to find a voice and to make connections to the wider disability movement (Dementia Alliance International, 2017). Each of these developments, in their different ways, have led to a re-emphasis on psycho-social elements of dementia, its experience, and how that might translate into clinical practice and service delivery.
Manejo da água de irrigação.

Consideracoes gerais sobre manejo da agua de irrigacao; Indicadores para manejo da agua de irrigacao; Indicadores de manejo de irrigacao com base na planta; Aparencia visual da planta; Potencial de agua na folha; Temperatura da folha e indice de estresse hidrico da cultura; Indicadores de manejo de irrigacao com base no solo; Teor de agua no solo; Tensao de agua no solo; Tensiometros; Blocos de resistencia eletrica; Sistema Irrigas e tensiometro a gas; Curva de retencao de agua no solo; Disponibilidade de agua no solo; Profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular; Local e profundidade de amostragem de solo ou de instalacao de sensores; Indicadores de manejo de irrigacao com base na atmosfera; Coeficiente de cultura; Metodos de manejo da agua de irrigacao; Metodo do balanco diario de agua no solo; Metodo do estado da agua no solo; Metodo combinado do estado da agua no solo e da evapotranspiracao; Metodo do calendario de irrigacao; Manejo de irrigacao com agua salina; Aumento da eficiencia do uso de agua pelas plantas; Tempo de irrigacao; Irrigacao por aspersao; Irrigacao localizada; Irrigacao por sulco; Horario de irrigar.
Contextualized Non-local Neural Networks for Sequence Learning

Recently, a large number of neural mechanisms and models have been proposed for sequence learning, of which selfattention, as exemplified by the Transformer model, and graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted much attention. In this paper, we propose an approach that combines and draws on the complementary strengths of these two methods. Specifically, we propose contextualized non-local neural networks (CN3), which can both dynamically construct a task-specific structure of a sentence and leverage rich local dependencies within a particular neighbourhood.Experimental results on ten NLP tasks in text classification, semantic matching, and sequence labelling show that our proposed model outperforms competitive baselines and discovers task-specific dependency structures, thus providing better interpretability to users.