Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang) livestock interactions in the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India

espanolEl estudio se llevo a cabo en el Santuario de Vida Salvaje de Changthang, que es el limite mas occidental del asno salvaje tibetano (Equus kiang kiang), los kiang en las praderas de Changthang que compite con su ganado por los pastos. El objeto del estudio es determinar si las diferencias en la seleccion de habitat entre el asno salvaje y ganado domestico son estacionales. Hemos utilizado un diseno de jerarquia temporal para determinar si la presencia o ausencia de ganado conlleva un cambio en el uso del habitat, la dieta y el comportamiento del kiang. El uso del habitat fue significativamente diferente antes y despues de la presencia de ganado. Cuando el ganado tiene distintas practicas de pastoreo, el kiang se ve obligado a desplazarse a pendientes pronunciadas de mayor elevacion, con el mayor riesgo consiguiente de ser objeto de predacion. El numero de animales que presentaron un perfil etiologico diferente cambio de forma significativa en presencia de ganado; el numero de animales que se alimentaban tambien aumento; el numero de ejemplares que se desplazaban disminuyo de forma importante en presencia y ausencia de ganado; no hubo cambios significativos en las preferencias de dieta. Seria necesario comprender estos procesos en los paisajes ocupados por humanos, ademas de adoptar estrategias locales de conservacion apropiadas para la conservacion de la fauna transhimalaya. EnglishThe study was conducted in me Changthang Wildlife sanctuary, the western mast limit of kiang distribution (Equus kiang kiang). Wild equids in Asia share rangelands with pastoral communities. This study objectives were to determine resource selection by kiang and livestock in a seasonal Trans-Himalayan environment during winter. Using a temporal hierarchial design, we investigated whether Kiang habitat use in an area occupied by livestock, resulted in Kiang using higher elevations and steeper dopes. Proportion of Kiangs involved in different behaviour patterns changed significantly due to livestock presence although diet preferences remained the same. An understanding of these processes in human-occupied landscapes in conjunction with locally appropriate conservation strategies is necessary for long-term conservation of kiang.
Volumetric, Acoustic and Conductometric Studies of Acetaminophen in Aqueous Ionic Liquid, 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide at T = 293.15-308.15 K

The density (d), speed of sound (u) and electrolytic conductivity (Λ) for systems containing acetaminophen, ionic liquid {1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, [OMIm] Br} and water have been measured at T = 293.15-308.15 K. The measured data have been applied to calculate, standard partial molar volume ( ), Hepler’s constant , apparent molar isentropic compressibility (Kφ), transfer volume ( ), transfer compressibility ( ) and hydration number (nH), and used to discuss various solute-solvent interactions. The transfer quantities are positive and increase with molalities of ionic liquid and decrease with temperature, indicating the dominance of hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions between the ionic liquid and acetaminophen, and dehydration effect of ionic liquid on the solutions. The limiting molar conductivities ( ) and ion association constants (Ka) for [OMIm]Br in aqueous acetaminophen solutions have been estimated using low concentration Chemical Model (lcCM). The Ka values were also used to obtain the thermodynamic functions of association process. Thermodynamic results show that the formation process of ion association of the ionic liquid has endothermic nature and is driven by the change in entropy.
Diffusion as the main process for mass transport in very low water content argillites: 2. Fluid flow and mass transport modeling

On the basis of chloride concentrations of pore water in the Tournemire massif (part 1), a conceptual model for mass transport in argillites by diffusion is proposed. From this conceptual model and current knowledge of the geological history of the massif, one‐dimensional numerical simulations are formulated for chloride transport in Tournemire massif over the past 53 Ma. Good agreement between experimental data and calculated values for both diffusion coefficients and concentrations of chloride confirms that diffusion is the main process for mass transport in the massif. This model is also tested using deuterium contents of pore water, applying variable concentrations to meteoric water (circulating in system boundary layers) based on the thermal dependency of its isotopic composition. These simulations reveal the likely important role of lithologic heterogeneities, such as fractures, in the horizontal distribution of tracer concentrations.
Methane cold seeps as biological oases in the high‐Arctic deep sea

Cold seeps can support unique faunal communities via chemosynthetic interactions fueled by seabed emissions of hydrocarbons. Additionally, cold seeps can enhance habitat complexity at the deep seafloor through the accretion of methane derived authigenic carbonates (MDAC). We examined infaunal and megafaunal community structure at high‐Arctic cold seeps through analyses of benthic samples and seafloor photographs from pockmarks exhibiting highly elevated methane concentrations in sediments and the water column at Vestnesa Ridge (VR), Svalbard (79° N). Infaunal biomass and abundance were five times higher, species richness was 2.5 times higher and diversity was 1.5 times higher at methane‐rich Vestnesa compared to a nearby control region. Seabed photos reveal different faunal associations inside, at the edge, and outside Vestnesa pockmarks. Brittle stars were the most common megafauna occurring on the soft bottom plains outside pockmarks. Microbial mats, chemosymbiotic siboglinid worms, and carbonate outcrops were prominent features inside the pockmarks, and high trophic‐level predators aggregated around these features. Our faunal data, visual observations, and measurements of sediment characteristics indicate that methane is a key environmental driver of the biological system at VR. We suggest that chemoautotrophic production enhances infaunal diversity, abundance, and biomass at the seep while MDAC create a heterogeneous deep‐sea habitat leading to aggregation of heterotrophic, conventional megafauna. Through this combination of rich infaunal and megafaunal associations, the cold seeps of VR are benthic oases compared to the surrounding high‐Arctic deep sea.
A geographic information system based soil loss and sediment estimation in Gerdi watershed, highlands of Ethiopia

This study was carried out to spatially predict the soil loss rate of Gerdi watershed with a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). RUSLE adapted to Ethiopian conditions was used to estimate potential soil losses by utilizing information on rainfall erosivity (R) using interpolation of rainfall data, soil erodibility (K) using soil map, vegetation cover (C) using satellite images, topography (LS) using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and conservation practices (P ) using satellite images. Based on the analysis, the total annual soil loss potential of the study watershed was 28,732.5 tons/yr. Out 147.9 ha (64%) of the land’s watershed was categorized none to slight class which under soil loss tolerance (SLT) values ranging from 5 to 11 tons ha -1 yr -1 . The study results indicated that the rate of potential soil loss in the watershed ranged from very low to extremely high. The area covered by none to slight potential soil loss was about 147.9 ha (64%) whereas moderate to high soil loss potential covered about 202.1 ha (36%) of the study watershed. The study demonstrates that the RUSLE together with GIS provide a good estimate soil loss rate over areas. Keywords : soil erosion; RUSLE; GIS; Gerdi watershed; Ethiopia
AM Simulations of the 2001 Indian Summer Monsoon Onset with a General Circulation Model

Land-atmosphere interactions, in terms of heat and moisture fluxes, are very important processes in the evolution of the Indian monsoon. A series of sensitivity experiments was conducted with a general circulation model of the atmosphere in order to study the influence of vegetation and soil characteristics on the onset of the Indian summer monsoon. Differences in model results are analysed, both in terms of general circulation features and precipitation distribution. The results confirm that the detailed specification of surface boundary conditions is crucial and lead to great differences in the evolution of the monsoon. Soil and vegetation prescription, however, seems to act in a complex and quite conflicting way and can result dissimilar to observations in specific regions.
Religion and Youths ’ Political Engagement : A Quantitative Approach

This study examines how religious belonging might be an underlying factor for youth students’ political interest and participation. We use data from a survey conducted in 2010 on Swedish junior and senior high school students 1 . Our dependent variable is an aggregated measure for Political Engagement, which is compiled using Principal Components Analysis, and regression analysis is used to estimate a model with religious feelings included as the main explanatory variable. Different specifications are also estimated to study any potential differences between religions. Both religious feelings and belonging are found to have a significant impact on political engagement.
Self-assessment: how do third year medical students rate their performance during problem-based learning?

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) emphasizes students’ self-directed learning. This requires students to monitor their own learning. When students enter medical school however, they do not seem to have self-monitoring skills and these need to be developed. Self-assessment exercises are useful in developing these skills. This paper emphasizes the importance of training in self-assessment during PBL. Objective was to describe third-year medical students’ self-assessment of their performance during PBL and correlate their scores with tutors’ scores, and their scores in a written progressive disclosure questions (PDQ) examination Methods: Using the same rubric used for students’ evaluation by tutors, students scored their activities during PBL sessions. Their scores were compared with the tutor’s scores. Their scores for cognitive skills were further compared with their scores in a PDQ examination. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the tutor and students’ scores. Low-achieving students (in the PDQ) scored themselves higher than high-achieving students. Self-assessment scores did not predict performance in the PDQ. Conclusions: Perhaps the high-achievers are more critical of themselves which drives them to work harder. Low-achieving students could be awarding themselves scores they wish to obtain and not what they deserve. They may also not understand the assessment criteria. This paper emphasizes the importance of self-assessment exercises, and the need to guide students in learning to assess themselves accurately so they may be better able to monitor their learning.
Frugivory and seed dispersal by the yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula, in a subtropical forest of China

The yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula, is the only living species of the genus Martes found in subtropical and tropical forests (Harrison et al. 2004). It is distributed throughout central and southern Asia in a wide variety of habitats. Despite its extensive geographical range, the ecology and behaviour of this species has so far received little attention, aside from a study of habitat use (Grassman et al. 2005). Studies on other martens have shown that fruits are an important food resource (e.g. M. martes, Bermejo & Guitian 2000; M. foina, Pandolfi et al. 1996). Thus, they are considered to be important potential seed dispersers (Corlett 1998, Herrera 1989, Willson 1993), as confirmed by recent studies (M. melampus, Otani 2002; M. americana, Hickey et al. 1999; M. foina and M. martes, Schaumann & Heinken 2002). Although no systematic study of the diet of M. flavigula has been conducted (Harrison et al. 2004), it is known to be omnivorous and to consume fruit (Gao & Wang 1987). To date, however, there has been no comprehensive study of frugivory and seed dispersal by M. flavigula (but see Corlett 1998).
Preliminary results on the influence of growth hormones on the in vitro regeneration of Phalaenopsis flower stalks.

This paper follows the propagation of Phalaenopsis by in vitro technique, starting with floral - stalk fragments inoculated in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of growth hormones. The aim is obtaining a large number of plants in a short period of time. The biggest advantages of this propagation method are genetic preservation of the mother plant and the fact that parent plant itself remains unharmed in the tissue harvesting process.
Generalized PP + PS = SS From Seismic Interferometry

SUMMARY PP + PS = SS refers to a method introduced by Grechka and Tsvankin in 2002 that uses recordingsofPPandPS reflectionsbetweensourcesandreceiverstoestimatetheSS reflections between those same receivers. Using source–receiver seismic interferometry as a basis, we derive new, dynamically correct expressions relating reflected and converted P- and S-wave recordings to both P- and S-wave sources. We use these expressions to derive a generalized form of relationship between P and S waves, and show that the PP + PS = SS method of Grechka and co-workers is a special case of these new relationships. By considering the simple example of two elastic half-spaces, we illustrate the differences between the special case of PP + PS = SS and the generalized approach derived here. By relating the method to seismic interferometry, it is possible to see further applications of the new relationships in acquisition and processing of P and S waves, and also in the development of new imaging and inversion schemes.
Exchange rates and the consumer price index in Nigeria : a causality approach

This paper was motivated by the need to establish the impact of importation into �igeria and its main objectives were to find out the significant relationships between the official and parallel exchange rates and the consumer price index (CPI.). It also established that import ratio in the economy is a contributor to the increase in the cost of living (CPI) in the country. The paper adopted the techniques of correlation and Granger causality to find the significance of the relationships between the index and the exchange rates. It found out that there is higher positive relationship between the ratio of imports and the index than exist between the parallel and official rates. The coefficient between autonomous exchange rates and the consumer price index (CPI) is less significant than official rate, while the import ratio in the economy shows a near two-way balance causality with the consumer price index. The more significant one is causality is that import ratio granger causes CPI. The paper recommends a more liberalised foreign exchange market to reduce the impact of the parallel market and increase in domestic production of consumables to reduce importation of domestically substitutable goods in the economy.
Determination of Truth from Deception Using Functional MRI and Cognitive Engrams

Investigators have attempted for centuries to determine the truthfulness and accuracy of statements (Ford 2006). Methodologies include standard interrogation, with and without use of medication or coercion, polygraph, and brain fingerprinting using brain evoked response potentials (ERP). None of these technologies yields optimal results, for various reasons, and are not entirely suitable for measuring deception.
Chinese Managers, Guanxi, and Using Business Intelligence: A Research Agenda

China is the world's second largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and purchasing power parity (PPP). Despite the considerable amount of IS research in China, little work has been reported on the use of decision support systems (DSS), particularly large-scale business intelligence (BI). Because of the significant cultural differences between the West and China it may be that this Western technology is of little use in Chinese management structures and processes. In particular, the Chinese cultural norm of guanxi may affect BI usefulness. This research seeks to contribute to practice by developing a theory that will help Western BI practitioners to understand and better use guanxi in dealing with Chinese organisations. It is also expected to provide an important addition to knowledge, including BI theory and IS research methods.
Sports press coverage of Polish female athletes during the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro

During the last Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, the Polish female representatives won signifi cantly more medals compared to men. This fact made the authors examine whether female athletes received proportionate media coverage compared to men. In the course ofresearch, articles from the two largest Polish dailies were analysed (“Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Fakt Gazeta Codzienna”). With the use of content analysis, 197 articles were analysed in order to check whether any quantitative and qualitative diff erences can be observed in describing women’s and men’s sport. The results show underrepresentation of press coverage regarding women’s sport. The results of qualitative analysis also point to a number of diff erences when portraying women’s and men’s sport.
Quality assessment of Srpska sausage from nine different manufacturers in Serbia

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of 11 different samples of Srpska sausage from 9 manufacturers in Serbia who responded to a public call of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia in order to improve the brand of Srpska sausage. For characterising properties of the Srpska sausages chemical composition analysis and sensory descriptive analysis were used. The chemical analysis showed that all the samples had a meat protein content higher than the stipulated minimum (12%), that the total phosphorus content (expressed as P2O5, g/kg), the content of NaNO2 (mg/kg), and the content of collagen in the meat protein (%) is lower than the maximum permitted level (8.00 g/kg, 150.00 mg/kg, and 20.00%, respectively). In the sensory analysis following attributes were evaluated: external appearance, cross-section appearance (including colour), texture, odour, flavour and overall sensory quality. The best-evaluated was a sample with a mean cumulative score of 87.23±8:33, and the worse-evaluated was a sample with a mean cumulative score of 51.65±10.05. There were not significantly differences between four samples with highest cumulative scores. The sausage with the highest score was evaluated as best by 35% of panellists, followed by third (25% of panellists), second and fourth (15% of panellists). The quality parameters of the highest ranked "Srpska sausage" will be submitted to the competent state authorities as amendments to the current Regulation.
The profitability of the BEER in the Norwegian market

The thesis sets out to examine if the properties of the Bond Equity Earnings Yield ratio (BEER), and the Norwegian economy’s relation to the oil market, in combination with a suitable econometric model, can be used to derive a trading rules for guiding investment decisions. The empirical modeling of the bond equity earnings ratio leads to the definition of two sets of trading rules. The first trading on the realizations of the oil price over 3 month period. The second bases investment decisions on a derived econometric model forecasting the directions of the BEER-series. The accumulated returns of following both strategies are then compared to a passive buy-and-hold strategy holding the wide market index (OSEBX). The paper finds that both trading rules generate a higher level of accumulated return, compared to the benchmark index, over the sample period from 1997 to the end of 2016. The success can both be attributed to the non-linear LSTR model that determines the threshold values of oil price changes that are then used to make investment decisions, and the linear specification that provide forecasts of the BEER movements of which are traded on. It is however important to emphasize that trading on the changes in the oil price alone and the forecasted values of the BEER, do not categorically produce higher excess return to risk performances when compared to the benchmark index, and does come with a higher level of risk. The higher level of accumulated return found in the paper is in alignment with some of the some of the previous research of the BEER, raising the concern for market efficiency. The paper wishes to provide an indication for whether of not the market is efficient, using a modified version of the CAPM. On the basis of these results, the authors view is that the returns generated from following both strategies are not sufficient to disprove the hypothesis of weak market efficiency. It is important to emphasize that the examination of market efficiency is limited, and should not be taken as an definitive result.
The impact of voting advice applications on party choice in Dutch national and provincial elections

Advanced democracies witness a decline of party identification and increased electoral volatility. With the rise of the Internet, Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) became available to guide people’s vote choice. This study examines how the use of VAAs influences people’s party choice in Dutch elections. Three main VAA effects are studied: preference change, preference formation and preference confirmation. Drawing on three successive editions from the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study (DPES) and new Internet panel data collected over the course of the 2015 Dutch provincial elections campaign, we find that VAA use increases vote switching (preference change). VAAs also offer undecided citizens a cue to make their party choice (preference formation) and strengthen existing party preferences (preference confirmation). These findings attest to the relevance of VAAs as a vote cue in a volatile electoral context. Models of party choice would gain from incorporating VAA use as independent variable next to traditional vote predictors.
SOIL SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR SPATIAL PREDICTION OF SOIL PROPERTIES IN TOBACCO PLANTATION IN CENTRAL CHINA

Soil samples (from topsoil 0-20-cm) were taken from 111 pointson an approximately 20-m grid in March 2009. Using a geographic Information System Software Platform (ArcGIS), the soil sampling points from the primary scheme were regularly deleted to create three sampling scenarios. Twelve chemical properties were analyzed by geostatistical techniques at three sampling intervals. Results indicated that the twelve properties showed strong spatial variability at the three sampling intervals. The reasonable sampling intervals of soil available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), cation exchange capacity (CEC), Fe, Cu, and Zn were 20-m. In the 20× 40-m sampling interval, soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), and active soil OM (ASOM), had the least interpolation errors. Soil pH and Mn had the least interpolation errors at the 40-m sampling interval.