Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domain-specific physical activity and health-related quality of life in university students

Abstract Information on the relationship between domain-specific physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population and specific groups is still scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PA in work, transport, domestic and leisure-time domains and HRQoL among university students. PA and HRQoL were assessed in a random stratified sample of 1750 university students using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – long form and 12-item Short Form Health Survey, respectively. The Spearman's rank correlations, adjusted for age, community size, personal monthly budget, body mass index, smoking habits and alcohol intake ranged from −0.11 to 0.18 in female students and −0.29 to 0.19 in male students. Leisure-time, domestic, transport-related PA and total PA were positively related to HRQoL. Inverse correlations with HRQoL were only found for work-related PA in male students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only leisure-time PA was related to the Physical Summary Component score (β = 0.08 for females and β = 0.10 for males, P < 0.05). Domain-specific PA levels were not significantly related to the Mental Component Summary score. To get a more comprehensive insight in the relationship between PA and HRQoL, future studies should not only analyse total PA levels but also domain-specific PA levels. The evidence on the positive relationship of leisure-time, transport and domestic PA with HRQoL can potentially be used to support evidence-based promotion of PA in a university setting, and as a hypothesis for future longitudinal studies on such potential causal relationships.
Impact of firm specific variables on stock price volatility and stock returns of nepalese commercial Banks

The financial sector of any country plays a pivotal role in the development process of each economy and economy depends on the growth of its financial sector. The key player of the financial sector is the capital market who provides an avenue to the users and providers of the financial resources for investment purposes (Menike et al., 2015). Stock exchange market has multiple roles in an economy. It provides companies with the facility to raise capital for expansion through selling shares, raising capital for businesses, mobilizing savings for investment, facilitating company growth, creating investment opportunities for small investors and etc. Stock return is very important as it is the main objective of investment in common stock. Investors regard return as the fundamental reason for investing in a particular firm. Stock return can be in form of capital appreciation/depreciation plus dividend received if any. Stock returns are the returns or gain that the investors generate out of the stock market. The most common way of generating stock market return is through trading in the secondary market. In the secondary market an investor could earn stick market return by buying a stock at lower price and selling it at a higher price (Idris and Bala, 2015). Stock prices are important metrics of measuring stock market return. Share prices are determined by demand and supply, which usually influence by firm specific factors and/or macroeconomic variables. Returns from investment are subjected to variations owing to the movement of stock price, which depends on various factors which could be internal or bank specific such as earning per share, bank size, and book to market equity (Shafana, 2013). The stock return is sensitive to number of bank specific factors such as earnings, dividends, risk, leverage, size, bookto-market ratio, right issue and bonus issues which explain the behavior of expected stock returns.
The Puzzle of Democratic Monopolies: Single Party Dominance and Decline in India

iii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 0.1 The Puzzle of Democratic Political Monopolies . 1 0.2 The Theoretical Argument . 4 0.3 Empirical Evidence and Structure of Dissertation . 11 1 A Theory of Democratic Political Monopolies 15 1.1 Explaining Dominance in Democracies . 15 1.2 Distributive Conflict in Dominant Party Decline . 28 1.3 Competition and Distribution . 36 1.4 Historical Sequence and Empirical Implications . 42 2 Why Dominant Parties Decline: Evidence from India’s Green Revolution 48 2.
How and when do employees identify with their organization? Perceived CSR, first-party (in)justice, and organizational (mis)trust at workplace

The purpose of this paper is to inquire how and when the CSR efforts of an organization can generate positive organizational outcomes by influencing individual employees at the workplace. Theorizing perceived first-party justice as psycho-cognitive and affect-based organizational trust as psycho-affective processes, respectively, in interpreting employees’ perception of organizational CSR initiatives provided a valid rationale behind this research. ,Following a two-phase longitudinal research design, sample was drawn from six subsidiary organizations of a multinational conglomerate. ,The findings indicated that the perceived internal image of CSR predicts employees’ deep organizational identification through the mediation of affect-based organizational trust, conditional on perceived first-party justice as a moderator. ,This study contributed to extant research by investigating the hitherto unexplored question of how and when employees’ perceived image of CSR delineates to their deep identification with the organization supported by affect-based organizational trust and self-experienced first-party justice. The collection of survey responses within six group organizations could limit the generalization of the findings from this study in other contexts. ,This study offers significant implications in terms of the managers’ role in involving employees in the organization’s CSR activities, using CSR as a platform for corporate branding to internal stakeholders, and attracting talent in knowledge intensive competition. ,The study advances the emerging micro-level approach of CSR by exploring an employee centric, personalized view of organizational CSR and estimating its effect at the level of individual employees.
Efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies: Preliminary findings from an open‐label study

Abstract The objectives of the present study were first to determine the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial of 5 mg/day donepezil in patients with mild to moderate dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and second, to obtain preliminary data of possible intervention effects. Twelve patients with probable DLB were evaluated at weeks 4, 8, and 12 using modified Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) with an extra domain to additionally evaluate fluctuation in cognitive functions (NPI‐11); the Japanese version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive subscale (ADAS‐J cog); and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The NPI‐11 scores were significantly improved at weeks 8 and 12 compared with baseline. Despite a significant improvement in ADAS‐J‐cog at week 4, no more improvement was noted thereafter. Deterioration was not noted in UPDRS scores. Donepezil is expected to be therapeutically useful and safe in treating DLB patients, indicating marked improvements in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) rather than in cognitive deficit, without deteriorating parkinsonism.
Life spanning murine gene expression profiles in relation to chronological and pathological aging in multiple organs

Aging and age‐related pathology is a result of a still incompletely understood intricate web of molecular and cellular processes. We present a C57BL/6J female mice in vivo aging study of five organs (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and brain), in which we compare genome‐wide gene expression profiles during chronological aging with pathological changes throughout the entire murine life span (13, 26, 52, 78, 104, and 130 weeks). Relating gene expression changes to chronological aging revealed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and altered gene sets (AGSs) were found in most organs, indicative of intraorgan generic aging processes. However, only ≤ 1% of these DEGs are found in all organs. For each organ, at least one of 18 tested pathological parameters showed a good age‐predictive value, albeit with much inter‐ and intraindividual (organ) variation. Relating gene expression changes to pathology‐related aging revealed correlated genes and gene sets, which made it possible to characterize the difference between biological and chronological aging. In liver, kidney, and brain, a limited number of overlapping pathology‐related AGSs were found. Immune responses appeared to be common, yet the changes were specific in most organs. Furthermore, changes were observed in energy homeostasis, reactive oxygen species, cell cycle, cell motility, and DNA damage. Comparison of chronological and pathology‐related AGSs revealed substantial overlap and interesting differences. For example, the presence of immune processes in liver pathology‐related AGSs that were not detected in chronological aging. The many cellular processes that are only found employing aging‐related pathology could provide important new insights into the progress of aging.
Comparative analysis of NeuN immunoreactivity in primary brain tumours: conclusions for rational use in diagnostic histopathology

Aims : NeuN is considered to be a marker of neuronal differentiation in brain tumours. Our aim was to perform, for the first time, a systematic and comparative analysis of NeuN expression in all major brain tumour subtypes to provide guidance for the rational use of NeuN immunohistochemistry in diagnostic histopathology.
Nasopharyngeal flora and acute otitis media

A semiquantitative nasopharyngeal culture was found to be sensitive and specific in predicting middle ear pathogens in children with acute bacterial otitis media. In nasopharyngeal specimens with growth of at least 1,000 colonies, the tympanocentesis isolate was present and was either the predominant isolate or accounted for 50% of growth in 16 of 16 children. Data suggest that virulence of nasopharyngeal organisms plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Qualitative differences were found in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with bacterial otitis media as compared with children with clinical otitis media and sterile tympanocentesis cultures, children with uncomplicated upper respiratory illness, and healthy children. Abundant growth of Haemophilus influenzae (greater than or equal to 50% total colony count) was associated with children with bacterial otitis media, and abundant Branhamella catarrhalis was associated with the others (P less than or equal to 0.01). Abundant growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae occurred frequently and regardless of clinical category. Antibiotic treatment of children with otitis media resulted in rapid quantitative and qualitative changes in nasopharyngeal flora.
P‐glycoprotein expression in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma

Summary Metastatic malignant melanoma is notoriously resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, but the exact mechanisms involved in this drug resistance arc unknown. One recently defined major mechanism of multidrug resistance involves the overexpression of P‐glycoprotein on cell membranes. In order to evaluate the significance of this putative drug efflux pump for chemoresistance of malignant melanoma, five different antibodies were employed to examine P‐glycoprotein expression on tissue from 33 primary malignant melanomas and 35 metastases, before and after chemotherapy, using immunohistological techniques. The expression of P‐glycoprotein was low on primary cutaneous melanomas (three of 33), and on metastases (one of 35). Normal tissue in and around the melanoma showed reactivity of endothelial cells, stromal cells and eccrine sweat glands with several antibodies tested. Chemotherapy with drugs commonly used in metastatic melanoma, including agents known to induce P‐glycoprotein expression in other tumours (vindesine, cisplatin) had no effect on P‐glycoprotein expression in human melanoma metastases. The high chemoresistance of human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo is probably not mediated via P‐glycoprotein, and other possible mechanisms involved will have to be explored in future studies.
Myo-inositol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A novel method for ovulation induction

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often characterized by chronic oligo- or anovulation (usually manifested as oligo- or amenorrhea), and hyperandrogenism. In addition, 30–40% of PCOS women have impaired glucose tolerance, and a defect in the insulin signaling pathway (inositol-containing phosphoglycan mediators) seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. PCOS patients are subfertile as a consequence of such ovulatory disorders and often need drugs, such as clomiphene citrate or follicle-stimulating hormone, for ovulation induction, which increases the risk of multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We hypothesized that the administration of an isoform of inositol (myo-inositol), belonging to the vitamin B complex, would improve the insulin-receptor activity, restoring normal ovulatory function. Materials and methods. Twenty-five PCOS women of childbearing age with oligo- or amenorrhea were enrolled in the study. Ovulatory disorder due to PCOS was apparently the only cause of infertility; no tubal defect or deficiency of male semen parameters was found. Myo-inositol combined with folic acid (Inofolic®) 2 g twice a day was administered continuously. During an observation period of 6 months, ovulatory activity was monitored with ultrasound scan and hormonal profile, and the numbers of spontaneous menstrual cycles and eventually pregnancies were assessed. Results. Twenty-two out of the 25 (88%) patients restored at least one spontaneous menstrual cycle during treatment, of whom 18 (72%) maintained normal ovulatory activity during the follow-up period. A total of 10 singleton pregnancies (40% of patients) were obtained. Nine clinical pregnancies were assessed with fetal heart beat at ultrasound scan. Two pregnancies evolved in spontaneous abortion. Conclusion. Myo-inositol is a simple and safe treatment that is capable of restoring spontaneous ovarian activity and consequently fertility in most patients with PCOS. This therapy did not cause multiple pregnancy.
Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity

We suggest that a simple, rapid screening tool—the waist-to-height ratio (WHTR)—could help to overcome debates about the use of different body mass index (BMI) boundary values for assessing health risks in different populations. There are six reasons for our proposal: WHTR is more sensitive than BMI as an early warning of health risks. WHTR is cheaper and easier to measure and calculate than BMI. A boundary value of WHTR = 0.5 indicates increased risk for men and women. A boundary value of WHTR = 0.5 indicates increased risk for people in different ethnic groups. WHTR boundary values can be converted into a consumer-friendly chart. WHTR may allow the same boundary values for children and adults.Communicating messages about health risk could be much simpler if the same anthropometric index and the same public health message can be used throughout childhood, into adult life, and throughout the world. This simple message is: Keep your waist circumference to less than half your height.
Protistan Grazing Analysis by Flow Cytometry Using Prey Labeled by In Vivo Expression of Fluorescent Proteins

ABSTRACT Selective grazing by protists can profoundly influence bacterial community structure, and yet direct, quantitative observation of grazing selectivity has been difficult to achieve. In this investigation, flow cytometry was used to study grazing by the marine heterotrophic flagellate Paraphysomonas imperforata on live bacterial cells genetically modified to express the fluorescent protein markers green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP). Broad-host-range plasmids were constructed that express fluorescent proteins in three bacterial prey species, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas putida. Micromonas pusilla, an alga with red autofluorescence, was also used as prey. Predator-prey interactions were quantified by using a FACScan flow cytometer and analyzed by using a Perl program described here. Grazing preference of P. imperforata was influenced by prey type, size, and condition. In competitive feeding trials, P. imperforata consumed algal prey at significantly lower rates than FP (fluorescent protein)-labeled bacteria of similar or different size. Within-species size selection was also observed, but only for P. putida, the largest prey species examined; smaller cells of P. putida were grazed preferentially. No significant difference in clearance rate was observed between GFP- and RFP-labeled strains of the same prey species or between wild-type and GFP-labeled strains. In contrast, the common chemical staining method, 5-(4,6-dichloro-triazin-2-yl)-amino fluorescein hydrochloride, depressed clearance rates for bacterial prey compared to unlabeled or RFP-labeled cells.
Cytopathic changes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines induced by Naegleria fowleri trophozoites in rat microglial cells and protective effects of an anti‐Nfa1 antibody

Naegleria fowleri, a free‐living amoeba, causes fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in experimental animals and humans. The nfa1 gene (360 bp) was previously cloned from a cDNA library of pathogenic N. fowleri by immunoscreening, and produced a 13·1‐kDa recombinant protein that showed pseudopodia‐specific localization by immunocytochemistry. On the basis of an idea that the pseudopodia‐specific Nfa1 protein seems to be involved in the pathogenicity of N. fowleri, the cytopathic activity of N. fowleri trophozoites co‐cultured with rat microglial cells was observed, and the effects of an anti‐Nfa1 antibody in a co‐culture system were elucidated. Using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, it was seen that N. fowleri trophozoites in contact with microglial cells produced vigorous pseudopodia and a food‐cup structure. Microglial cells were destroyed by N. fowleri trophozoites as seen from necrotic cell death in a time‐dependent manner. In a51Cr release assay, N. fowleri showed 17·8%, 24·9%, 54·6% and 98% cytotoxicity against microglial cells at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post‐incubation, respectively. However, when anti‐Nfa1 antibody was added in a coculture system, N. fowleri cytotoxicity was reduced to 15·5%, 20·3%, 46·7% and 66·9%, respectively. Moreover, microglial cells co‐cultured with N. fowleri trophozoites secreted the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6. In the presence of anti‐Nfa1 antibody, the secretion of TNF‐α was slightly, but not significantly, decreased.
Endothelial dysfunction in aged humans is related with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation

Vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs during the human aging process, and it is considered as a crucial event in the development of many vasculopathies. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of this process, particularly those related with oxidative stress and inflammation, in the vasculature of subjects aged 18–91 years without cardiovascular disease or risk factors. In isolated mesenteric microvessels from these subjects, an age‐dependent impairment of the endothelium‐dependent relaxations to bradykinin was observed. Similar results were observed by plethysmography in the forearm blood flow in response to acetylcholine. In microvessels from subjects aged less than 60 years, most of the bradykinin‐induced relaxation was due to nitric oxide release while the rest was sensitive to cyclooxygenase (COX) blockade. In microvessels from subjects older than 60 years, this COX‐derived vasodilatation was lost but a COX‐derived vasoconstriction occurred. Evidence for age‐related vascular oxidant and inflammatory environment was observed, which could be related to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, aged microvessels showed superoxide anions (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) formation, enhancement of NADPH oxidase and inducible NO synthase expression. Pharmacological interference of COX, thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor, O2−, ONOO−, inducible NO synthase, and NADPH oxidase improved the age‐related endothelial dysfunction. In situ vascular nuclear factor‐κB activation was enhanced with age, which correlated with endothelial dysfunction. We conclude that the age‐dependent endothelial dysfunction in human vessels is due to the combined effect of oxidative stress and vascular wall inflammation.
Functional and morphological impact of ER stress on mitochondria

Over the past years, knowledge and evidence about the existence of crosstalks between cellular organelles and their potential effects on survival or cell death have been constantly growing. More recently, evidence accumulated showing an intimate relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. These close contacts not only establish extensive physical links allowing exchange of lipids and calcium but they can also coordinate pathways involved in cell life and death. It is now obvious that ER dysfunction/stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) as well as mitochondria play major roles in apoptosis. However, while the effects of major ER stress on cell death have been largely studied and reviewed, it becomes more and more evident that cells might regularly deal with sublethal ER stress, a condition that does not necessarily lead to cell death but might affect the function/activity of other organelles such as mitochondria. In this review, we will particularly focus on these new, interesting and intriguing metabolic and morphological events that occur during the early adaptative phase of the ER stress, before the onset of cell death, and that remain largely unknown. Relevance and implication of these mitochondrial changes in response to ER stress conditions for human diseases such as type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease will also be considered. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: XX–XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1802–1818, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urban Agriculture as a Sustainability Transition Strategy for Shrinking Cities? Land Use Change Trajectory as an Obstacle in Kyoto City, Japan

Can shrinking cities harness population decline to improve their sustainability by repurposing land use, for example, for localizing food production? Whether such a transition is feasible depends on the pre-shrinkage state of urban agricultural land use, including ongoing trends in local land use change. This study examined agricultural land use from 2007–2017 in Kyoto City, Japan. Kyoto is on the brink of a large projected population decline (~190,000 or ~13% until 2040) and serves as a representative for a large number of regional Japanese cities in a similar situation. Analysis was based on a public 2007 land use data set, aerial and satellite imagery and ground truthing. Results showed a decline of 209 ha or 10% in agricultural land use over ten years, but also highlight the diversity of ongoing agricultural land use types not captured by standard categories. The main post-agricultural land uses were residential (40%) and vacant land (28%). These results have implications for planning and policy. Kyoto City is currently not set to benefit from the projected shrinking process through localizing food production, despite a tradition of vegetable production. Future research should analyze drivers of change for observed agricultural land use.