Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specialized inpatient trauma treatment for adults abused as children: a follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated outcome at discharge and at follow-up assessments for adults abused as children who completed a 6-week inpatient program for traumatic stress recovery. METHOD Participants were assessed at admission, discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months postdischarge on measures of global symptom severity, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and disrupted beliefs. Two wait-list comparison groups were also assessed at two points in time for comparison with the discharge and 3-month postdischarge assessments of the treatment group. RESULTS Relative to admission, the mean scores on all outcome measures for the treatment group were improved at discharge and at 6 and 12 months. Relative to a wait list group, the treatment group was significantly improved at discharge. After 3 months, the scores for the treatment group were not different from those of a wait list group because of deterioration in the treatment group. Age, source of income, and number of axis II disorders were associated with differing patterns of PTSD symptom change over time. Between 32% and 45%, depending on outcome measure, met stringent criteria for clinically significant change at 12 months postdischarge. CONCLUSIONS At discharge from a specialized inpatient treatment program, adults with a history of abuse during childhood showed improvement relative to a wait list group. Scores tended to deteriorate in the 3 months following discharge but rebounded to discharge levels by 12 months postdischarge. Although many abused adults benefited from specialized inpatient treatment, a substantial proportion did not show clinically significant change 1 year later.
Channel patency and neovascularization after transmyocardial revascularization using an excimer laser: results and comparisons to nonlased channels.

BACKGROUND Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) has emerged as a promising treatment for ischemic heart disease in patients who are not candidates for coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty. Controversy exists, however, as to whether the use of laser energy is critical for TMR channel patency. We therefore compared by histologic assessment the outcome of lased channels with nonlased channels 30) days after TMR, using a low energy, short-pulse, fiberoptic excimer laser. METHODS AND RESULTS In each of six sheep, 36 1-mm TMR channels (9 mJ; 240 Hz; 1.55 cm advance/s) were placed in the anterior wall of the left ventricle, and 12 1-mm nonlased channels were created in adjacent segments by advancing the fiberoptic through the left ventricular wall with the laser inactivated. Of the 36 lased channels, 56+/-7.3% were identifiable, and 100% of those identifiable appeared to represent a "channel derivative" with evidence of an endothelialized lumen, whereas none of the nonlased channels had evidence of channel patency. Lased channels had a marked neovascular response (graded on a 0-3 scale) compared with nonlased channels (2.5+/-0.1 versus 1.0+/-0.1; P<.05). Echocardiography performed 1 and 30 days after TMR demonstrated normal global and regional left ventricular function in all animals. Creatinine phosphokinase myocardial band fractions were not significantly increased after TMR. CONCLUSIONS TMR using the excimer laser results in increased evidence of channel derivatives and neovascularization compared with nonlased channels while preserving normal ventricular function. These findings suggest that laser energy may be an important component of TMR strategy.
Diffuse Sterile Pustular Eruption with Changing Clinical Features in a 2‐Year Old

Abstract: We report a 2‐year‐old girl with diffuse pustular eruptions occurring in close association with respiratory tract infections. The pustular eruption had different clinical characteristics over time, evolving from circinate to von Zumbush pustular psoriasis, and finally to subcorneal pustular dermatosis. Treatment with acitretin 1 mg/kg/day gave good results. A relapse showing striking clinical characteristics of subcorneal pustular dermatosis was treated with dapsone (1 mg/kg/day) followed by ultraviolet B–narrowband (UV‐B–NB) phototherapy. The patient subsequently had several relapses over 1 year, which were well controlled with short cycles of UV‐B–NB. This patient's findings demonstrate that pustular eruptions can vary over time, assuming clearly different clinical patterns, and highlight the difficulty of classifying pustular eruptions as separate diseases.
FOXF2 promoter methylation is associated with prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a commonly malignant tumor of digestive tract with poor prognosis. Previous studies suggested that forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) could be a candidate gene for assessing and predicting the prognosis of human cancers. However, the relationship between FOXF2 promoter methylation and the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remained unclear. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues of 135 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were detected for FOXF2 promoter methylation status by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction approach. DNA methylation results were evaluated with regard to clinicopathological features and overall survival. Our study confirmed that FOXF2 promoter hypermethylation could independently predict a poorer overall survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients (p = 0.002), which was consistent with the data mining results of the data from 82 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets (p = 0.036). In addition, no correlation was found between FOXF2 promoter methylation and other clinic pathological parameters (age, gender, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, stage, cutting edge, vascular invasion, smoking behavior, and drinking history). In conclusion, FOXF2 methylation might be a useful prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Mood state dependency of dysfunctional attitudes in bipolar affective disorder

Introduction. Studies of cognitive styles among euthymic people with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) without use of mood induction techniques to access those cognitive styles give misleading impressions of normality of those cognitions. The aim of this study was to assess dysfunctional attitudes of participants with BAD, and control participants with no previous psychiatric histories, after mood inductions. Methods. Sad and happy moods were induced within 49 BAD and 37 controls. Dysfunctional attitudes were measured following mood inductions using the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale—short form (DAS-24), which has three subscales of achievement, interpersonal, and goal attainment. Results. It was hypothesised that within BAD the sad mood induction would help in accessing dysfunctional attitudes in all three domains relative to the happy mood induction. This was supported. It was also hypothesised that the mood inductions would not affect dysfunctional attitudes within controls. This was supported. When diagnosis was entered as a between group variable, achievement dysfunctional attitudes were significantly higher in BAD compared to controls after a happy induction. Conclusions Both sad and happy moods provoked higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes within BAD. Euphoria may be related to elevated achievement dysfunctional attitudes, raising risk for mania.
Reversal of Gender Gaps in Child Development: Evidence from Young Children in India

This paper provides unique evidence of a reversal of gender gaps in cognitive development in early childhood. We find steep caste and gender gradients and few substantive changes once children enter school. The gender gap, however, reverses its sign for the upper caste, with girls performing better than boys at age 5 but thereafter following the general pattern in India of boys performing better.
Destination brand experience and visitor behavior: the mediating role of destination brand identification

ABSTRACT Destination branding has emerged as a critical tool for achieving competitive advantage through various conceptualizations, focusing on various aspects of branding. This research examines the role of destination brand experience (DBE), a new conceptualization, in assessing the holistic and unified view of tourism destinations. The conceptual model proposed in this research has been validated using structural equation modeling, based on the primary responses collected from 312 and 262 foreign visitors for study 1 and study 2 respectively, conducted at two different tourism destinations in India. Findings of both the studies suggest that various dimensions of DBE have a varied influence on destination brand identification (DBI), which subsequently affects both tourists’ trust and loyalty toward tourism destinations. In addition, DBI emerges as an important mediator for the relationship between DBE and destination trust (DT) as well as DBE and destination loyalty (DL). The study provides several implications for destination marketers about building trust and loyalty among tourists using DBE and DBI.
Sudden death in epilepsy recorded in ambulatory EEG

A woman with epilepsy died during a seizure and the event was recorded on ambulatory EEG. The circumstances were typical of sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The EEG revealed that the patient had suffered a generalised seizure that abruptly ended with cessation of all cerebral electrical activity. Two other cases recorded on videotelemetry demonstrating similar EEG features were reported in the literature. We postulate that abrupt irreversible cerebral electrical shutdown during a seizure may be the primary mechanism of SUDEP.
FACTORS DETERMINING PROLONGATION OF RAT HEART ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL BY PERIOPERATIVE INJECTION OF DONOR SPLEEN CELLS

Previously, we have shown that a perioperative injection of donor mononuclear cells in combination with cyclosporine treatment on day 2 after transplantation prolongs heart allograft survival in rats. In this study we determined whether the efficacy of this treatment was influenced by the same factors that have been shown to affect the efficacy of preoperative administration of donor cells. The effect of the following factors were investigated: dosage and repetition of the donor cell injection, viability of the donor cells, immunosuppressive drugs other than cyclosporine, and the rat strain combination. We found that there was an optimal dosage of donor cells; dosages of 4×l07 or l×108 cells gave the best heart graft survival. Repetition of the donor cell injection was not useful. Reducing viability of the cells by irradiation did not abrogate the prolonged graft survival, whereas killing of the cells did. Methylprednisolone, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide in combination with the perioperative donor cell injection did not prolong heart graft survival in comparison with treatment with the drug only. The efficacy of this treatment was also influenced by the rat strain combination. In some combinations, this treatment prolonged graft survival, whereas in others an effect was absent or undetectable. Importantly, this treatment never adversely affected graft survival. We conclude that the efficacy of this treatment is influenced by similar factors as found for preoperative treatment with donor cells. A major advantage of this treatment over preoperative blood transfusions is that it avoids sensitization.
Acne vulgaris in premenarchal girls. An early sign of puberty associated with rising levels of dehydroepiandrosterone.

BACKGROUND This study examined the relationships of pubertal maturation and sex steroid hormones to the development of acne in young girls. Black (n = 317) and white (n = 306) premenarchal girls with a mean age of 9.97 +/- 0.62 years were evaluated for acne prevalence and severity, pubic hair and areolar maturation, and sex steroid hormone levels. RESULTS Overall, 77.8% of the girls had some acne; of the whole group, 48.3% had only comedonal acne, 2.2% had only inflammatory acne, and 27.3% had both types. Although black girls matured at an earlier age than white girls, racial differences in acne were minimal when adjusted for pubertal maturation. Acne increased with advancing maturation; at Tanner pubic hair stages 1, 2, and 3, the prevalence of acne rose from 73.1% to 84.0% and to 90.6%, respectively. Acne lesion counts at seven facial locations revealed a predominance of midfacial acne on the middle aspect of the forehead, nose, and chin. Sex steroid hormone levels measured in 365 of the girls were found to increase significantly during maturation from prepuberty to early puberty. Testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin and the ratio of testosterone to estradiol decreased. In 118 prepubertal girls, estradiol, total and free testosterone, progesterone, testosterone to estradiol ratio, and testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin levels were no different whether in subjects with acne or without acne. However, the level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, an androgen of adrenal origin, was significantly higher in prepubertal girls with acne. CONCLUSION Acne, especially the comedonal type, can be the first sign of pubertal maturation in girls, even preceding pubic hair and areolar development. Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is significantly and specifically associated with the initiation of acne in young girls.
Mitogenic signalling and substrate specificity of the Flk2/Flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase in fibroblasts and interleukin 3-dependent hematopoietic cells

Flk2/Flt3 is a recently identified receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in brain, placenta, testis, and primitive hematopoietic cells. The mitogenic signalling potential and biochemical properties of Flk2/Flt3 have been analyzed by using a chimeric receptor composed of the extracellular domain of the human colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of murine Flk2/Flt3. We demonstrate that colony-stimulating factor 1 stimulation of the Flk2/Flt3 kinase in transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts leads to a transformed phenotype and generates a full proliferative response in the absence of other growth factors. In transfected interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent Ba/F3 lymphoid cells, activation of the chimeric receptor can abrogate IL-3 requirement and sustain long-term proliferation. We show that phospholipase C-gamma 1, Ras GTPase-activating protein, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, Shc, Grb2, Vav, Fyn, and Src are components of the Flk2/Flt3 signal transduction pathway. In addition, we demonstrate that phospholipase C-gamma 1, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, Shc, Grb2, and Src family tyrosine kinases, but not Ras GTPase-activating protein, Vav, or Nck, physically associate with the Flk2/Flt3 cytoplasmic domain. Cell-type-specific differences in tyrosine phosphorylation of p85 and Shc are observed. A comparative analysis of the Flk2/Flt3 signal cascade with those of the endogenous platelet-derived growth factor and IL-3 receptors indicates that Flk2/Flt3 displays specific substrate preferences. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of p85 and Shc is similarly affected by totally different growth factors in the same cellular background.
Comparative proteomic analysis of tear fluid in Graves' disease with and without orbitopathy

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a severe organ‐specific autoimmune inflammatory ocular complication most often associated with Graves' disease (GD). Besides the cosmetic problems these patients develop, GO may also cause severe, sight‐threatening complications. Additionally, GO complicates the treatment of patients with GD, making the identification of Graves patients at risk for eye disease before they develop symptoms a critical step in the clinical management and quality of life of these patients. The high concentration of proteins in tear fluid makes it an important source for studying potential protein biomarkers for GO.
Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression in Rectal Cancer Is of Prognostic Significance in Patients Receiving Preoperative Radiotherapy

Purpose: To determine the effect of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression on clinical behavior in irradiated and nonirradiated rectal carcinomas. Experimental Design: Tumor samples were collected from 1,231 patients of the Dutch TME trial, in which rectal cancer patients were treated with standardized surgery and randomized for preoperative short-term (5 × 5 Gy) radiotherapy or no preoperative radiotherapy. Tissue microarrays were constructed from primary tumor material, and COX-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Tumor cell apoptosis was determined by M30 immunostaining. Results: A high level of COX-2 expression after radiotherapy was associated with low levels of tumor cell apoptosis (P = 0.001). COX-2 expression had no significant effect on patient survival or tumor recurrence in nonirradiated tumors. However, in patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy, high level of COX-2 expression was associated with higher incidence of distant recurrences [P = 0.003; hazard ratio (HR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.2-2.5] and shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.002; HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5) and overall survival (P = 0.009; HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.0), independent of patient age, tumor stage, tumor location, or the presence of tumor cells in the circumferential resection margin. Conclusions: A high level of COX-2 expression after preoperative radiotherapy in resection specimens is associated with apoptosis resistance, high distant recurrence rates, and a poor prognosis in rectal cancer.
Influence of vertical misfit of titanium and zirconia frameworks on peri-implant strain.

PURPOSE To assess the influence of misfit of implant titanium and zirconia frameworks on peri-implant strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two Branemark implants were inserted in the areas of the mandibular left second premolar and second molar of an artificial epoxy resin mandible. From this model, five titanium and five zirconia frameworks of similar design were fabricated by means of computer numeric controlled milling. Strain gauges were mounted around each implant to assess strain development as a result of framework fit/misfit. In addition, the vertical gap at the framework-implant interface was measured using an optical microscope when only one screw was tightened (one-screw test) and when both screws were tightened (two-screw test). The vertical fit of the frameworks was altered by introducing one to three nominally 30-Μm steel shims on one of the implants. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS For each condition, a measurable amount of strain was recorded. As more vertical misfit was introduced, a linear increase in peri-implant strains was observed. The two framework materials generated similar amounts of strain. A direct relationship was observed between strain and the vertical gap. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of peri-implant strain is primarily affected by the fit of the framework rather than the material. Titanium and zirconia frameworks showed a similar outcome in relation to fit and strain development.
Lithium stimulation of in vitro granulopoiesis: evidence for mediation via sodium transport pathways

Summary. Lithium (Li) stimulates granulopoiesis both in vitro and in vivo by increasing the number of committed granulocyte‐macrophage colony forming stem cells (CFU‐GM) either through direct or indirect mechanisms. In this report are described further studies designed to investigate if this Li stimulation could be altered by modulating Li transport using agents known to influence monovalent cation transport. Ouabain, a Na/K ATPase inhibitor, added to nonadherent bone marrow cells either before or immediately after the addition of ultra‐pure Li (1 mEq) produced an irreversible reduction in CFU‐GM indicatingthe importance of the Na/K ATPase in these processes. Further studies using the sodium and potassium ionophores gramicidin and valinomycin (5 μg/ml) followed by a delay in the addition of Li (0, 5, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min) reduced CFU‐GM; however, this reduction was less severe in the presence of gramicidin, indicating sodium transport pathways may be required for Li action. To further explore this hypothesis, studies were performed using the more specific sodium transport inhibitors, amiloride and phloretin. Both were effective in reducing the ability of Li to increase CFU‐GM. Studies incorporating the calcium ionophore, A23187, demonstrated that in the presence of Li, a further reduction in CFU‐GM was observed indicating that Li was unable to reverse this A23187 induced reduction in CFU‐GM. These data suggest that in the presence of active calcium transport, the ability of Li to increase CFU‐GM is restricted.
The Differential Effects of “Democratic” Institutions on Dissent in Dictatorships

Why do some dictatorships face dissent while others do not? In this article, we argue that nominally democratic institutions created to co-opt the dictatorial opposition have different effects on the likelihood of elite and collective dissent. By providing concessions through the creation of parties and legislatures, dictators reduce the probability of elite mobilization (via a coup) against the regime. For everyday citizens, the creation of nominally democratic institutions has the opposite effect, increasing citizen grievances and helping citizens overcome the collective action problem associated with dissent. We find empirical support for our expectations: nominally democratic institutions are negatively associated with the likelihood of coups and positively associated with the likelihood of collective dissent. Our findings suggest that the creation of “democratic” institutions may sometimes threaten dictatorial rule rather than insulate it.
Depression and the Psychological Benefits of Entering Marriage∗

Past research has consistently documented the positive relationship between a transition to marriage and psychological well-being. In this study, we separate the depressed from the nondepressed to assess whether the benefits marriage has for psychological well-being depend on premarital depression. We also examine whether the effect of marital quality in moderating the psychological consequences of marriage differs for the depressed and the nondepressed. Results indicate that, on average, those who were depressed prior to marrying report larger psychological gains from marriage than those who were not depressed. The role of marital quality in moderating the effect of marriage on psychological well-being is similar for previously depressed and previously nondepressed respondents. These findings call into question the assumption that marriage is always a good choice for all individuals. What appear to be strong average benefits of marriage are actually highly dependent on a range of individual, interpersonal, and structural characteristics.