Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
METABOLISM OF THE DEVELOPING RETINA*

PREvIous studies in this laboratory have established that the glycolytic activity of the rat retina is doubled between the 10th and 14th days of life. Elimination of the possibility that light stimulationper se is a causative factor, combined with histological considerations, led to the speculation that this sudden increase might be attributed to the differentiation of the visual cells (Graymore, 1958a; 1959). Considerable support for this hypothesis was gained from the observation that subsequent loss of the visual cells, whether chemically induced or as a result of hereditary degeneration, resulted in a reversion of the glycolytic activity to that of the immature tissue (Graymore and Tansley, 1959a,b; Graymore, Tansley, and Kerly, 1959). Comparative estimations of anaerobic and aerobic lactic acid accumulation prompted the suggestion that respiratory activity might well show a corresponding increase at this time of visual cell differentiation, and the purpose of the present communication is to describe experiments designed to test this hypothesis. Corresponding studies on the rat with retinitis pigmentosa are described, and the implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the role of the visual cell in retinal metabolism.
ANALISIS KOMPARASI TERHADAP KUALITAS AKUNTANSI SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA ( Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2010-2013)

Abstract This study aimed to test whether or not the difference between before to after the implementation of IFRSon the financial statements of the company - manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), with consideration of the impact on the qualityof accounting. This study uses earnings management, earnings persistence, timelyloss recognition and value relevance for assessing the quality of accounting. This research is an empirical study with purposive sampling techniques in data collection. Data obtained from secondary data manufacturing company's financial statements for the years 2010 to 2013. The research analyzed using Paired - Sample T test and the Chow test. These results indicate that there is a difference between before and after the implementation of IFRS on earning s management and earnings persistence. As for the relevance and value of timely loss recognition test results showed nodifference between before to after the implementation of IFRS on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2010 to 2013. Keywords: IFRS, Financial Statements, Accounting Quality, Paired Sample t-test
Conditional statements in young children's spontaneous speech

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to examine the incidence and character of conditional (if. then) statements in the spontaneous speech of young children. Evidence from previous research suggests that conditionals are rare in the speech of children younger than 6 or 7. Menyuk's (1969) study of children from nursery school through first grade revealed that only 36% of children within this age range used conditionals and that among the younger portion of her sample (i.e. children 5 years and younger) the incidence was only 16%. Similarly, an investigation by Kuczaj & Daly (1979) indicates rare use of conditionals by children younger than 5. Furthermore, it has been reported that when conditionals are produced by young children they commonly include logical errors, e.g. If they put him in between he wants to go there (Menyuk 1969: 93). Werner & Kaplan (1963) also report infrequent correct use of conditionals before 5. Finally, several investigators (Amidon 1976, Emerson 1980, Paris 1973) have reported that young children have considerable difficulty in understanding conditional sentences presented to them.
Roles of Flexible Mechanisms in International Environmental Agreements

This paper focuses on the roles of flexible mechanisms in international environmental agreements (IEAs) and investigates the possibility of IEAs to achieve globally optimal transboundary pollution reduction. We first demonstrate that emission trading does not ensure the globally optimal outcome. Then, by introducing the investing schemes (Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanism) together with Emissions Trading, we also show that the global optimum can be achieved under a properly designed cost-sharing rule. Moreover, there exists an initial permit allocation with which every country can be better off through the flexible mechanisms. This finding implies that the countries can reach an agreement that can help achieve the globally optimal outcome.
LMD Based Features for the Automatic Seizure Detection of EEG Signals Using SVM

Achieving the goal of detecting seizure activity automatically using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is of great importance and significance for the treatment of epileptic seizures. To realize this aim, a newly-developed time-frequency analytical algorithm, namely local mean decomposition (LMD), is employed in the presented study. LMD is able to decompose an arbitrary signal into a series of product functions (PFs). Primarily, the raw EEG signal is decomposed into several PFs, and then the temporal statistical and non-linear features of the first five PFs are calculated. The features of each PF are fed into five classifiers, including back propagation neural network (BPNN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), un-optimized support vector machine (SVM) and SVM optimized by genetic algorithm (GA-SVM), for five classification cases, respectively. Confluent features of all PFs and raw EEG are further passed into the high-performance GA-SVM for the same classification tasks. Experimental results on the international public Bonn epilepsy EEG dataset show that the average classification accuracy of the presented approach are equal to or higher than 98.10% in all the five cases, and this indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach for automated seizure detection.
Dynamics of photothermally driven VO2-coated microcantilevers

The dynamic response of VO2-coated silicon microcantilevers thermally driven over the film’s insulator-to-metal transition was studied using laser light pulses directly incident on the cantilevers. The measured photothermal response revealed very high curvature changes of approximately 2500 m−1 up to pulse frequencies greater than 100 Hz and readily observable vibrations up to frequencies of a few kHz with no amplitude degradation after tens of thousands of pulses. Maximum tip amplitudes for 300-μm-long, 1-μm-thick cantilevers used in these experiments were nearly 120 μm and correspondingly less for 2-μm-thick cantilevers. The main mechanism limiting oscillation amplitude was found to be heat transport response during heating and cooling, which depends mainly on thermal conduction through the cantilever itself to the massive anchor and chip body, which acted as a heat sink at room temperature. For the laser-driven oscillations studied, damping by the surrounding air is unimportant in the range of frequencies probed. Large-curvature response is expected to extend to higher pulse frequencies for cantilevers with smaller dimensions.
Is naming brands in English worth doing? Effects of foreignness and country of origin on brand equity

The effect of the brand identity strategies, foreignness and country of origin, on brand equity raises questions about the effectiveness of the names given by entrepreneurs to commercial establishments. This study investigates the influence of foreignness and country of origin on consumer-based brand equity. We conduct a 2x2 between-subjects experiment with 280 participants, using brand foreignness and country of origin as manipulated variables and brand equity as the dependent variable. The results show a positive and direct effect of foreignness on brand equity indicators, associated image and willingness to pay a premium price. Country of origin moderated the relationship between foreignness and brand equity, showing that a brand with foreignness increases exclusivity without any identification of the country of origin and that a brand without foreignness increases the same indicator when the country of origin is present. This research may help in building and managing new product, service, and retail brands.
Advanced producer services and urban growth

Service industries have traditionally been viewed as secondary to, and at best supportive of, manufacturing industries. This thesis is designed to challenge this view with regard to a particular group of services, advanced producer services. It contends that this group makes both direct and indirect contributions to economic growth at urban region level by operating in two ways: firstly, by providing intermediate inputs into the production of finished products and secondly, in its own right, selling its services to clients outside of the region. This contradicts the expectations of theoretical models of urban growth such as export base theory which cast services in an entirely dependent role. Analysis of the spatial distribution of advanced producer services reveals a significant degree of regional inequality in their provision which given the contribution they make to growth has potentially serious implications for the economic regeneration of many of Britain's depressed areas.
The gap between what is needed and offered in project management education

From the article: A process focus for project management education is suggested based on a small qualitative sample as an alternative to competence focus. Commercial offerings of project management education are more focused on processes than competences. Review of the courses reveals that there is almost no offering for alongside, medior or senior project managers and that the scarce competences incorporated in the courses do not match with findings from previous research. There are several strong suggestions of a very weak curriculum consistency, like universal application, a diverse target audience and a strong bias towards planning, supporting earlier critique on project management education.
A Nonlinear Hebbian Network that Learns to Detect Disparity in Random-Dot Stereograms

An intrinsic limitation of linear, Hebbian networks is that they are capable of learning only from the linear pairwise correlations within an input stream. To explore what higher forms of structure could be learned with a nonlinear Hebbian network, we constructed a model network containing a simple form of nonlinearity and we applied it to the problem of learning to detect the disparities present in random-dot stereograms. The network consists of three layers, with nonlinear sigmoidal activation functions in the second-layer units. The nonlinearities allow the second layer to transform the pixel-based representation in the input layer into a new representation based on coupled pairs of left-right inputs. The third layer of the network then clusters patterns occurring on the second-layer outputs according to their disparity via a standard competitive learning rule. Analysis of the network dynamics shows that the second-layer units' nonlinearities interact with the Hebbian learning rule to expand the region over which pairs of left-right inputs are stable. The learning rule is neurobiologically inspired and plausible, and the model may shed light on how the nervous system learns to use coincidence detection in general.
Effects of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Neutrophil Adhesive Molecules in Neonates

Background Term and preterm neonates experience quantitative and qualitative neutrophil deficiencies resulting in part from decreased production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). In adults, G-CSF improves neutrophil function by up-regulating adhesion molecules. Patients and Methods To evaluate the effects of G-CSF on neonatal neutrophil adhesive phenotypes, cord blood samples were incubated with G-CSF or phosphate-buffered saline and stimulated with n -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), and adhesion molecules were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results In term and preterm neutrophils, G-CSF incubation increased &bgr; 2 -integrin expression significantly compared with baseline and to a greater extent than observed in adult neutrophils. With FMLP stimulation, &bgr; 2 -integrin expression increased even more in the G-CSF group. l -selectin expression decreased after G-CSF incubation and decreased even more with FMLP stimulation in the G-CSF group compared with the phosphate-buffered saline group in term and preterm samples, but not in adult samples. Conclusions The data show that G-CSF increases expression of &bgr; 2 -integrin and decreases expression of l -selectin on unstimulated and stimulated term and preterm neonatal neutrophils in vitro. Further study is required to determine whether G-CSF improves neonatal neutrophil function.
A bacteriophages journey through the human body

The human body is colonized by a diverse collective of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. The smallest entity of this microbial conglomerate are the bacterial viruses. Bacteriophages, or phages for short, exert significant selective pressure on their bacterial hosts, undoubtedly influencing the human microbiome and its impact on our health and well‐being. Phages colonize all niches of the body, including the skin, oral cavity, lungs, gut, and urinary tract. As such our bodies are frequently and continuously exposed to diverse collections of phages. Despite the prevalence of phages throughout our bodies, the extent of their interactions with human cells, organs, and immune system is still largely unknown. Phages physically interact with our mucosal surfaces, are capable of bypassing epithelial cell layers, disseminate throughout the body and may manipulate our immune system. Here, I establish the novel concept of an “intra‐body phageome,” which encompasses the collection of phages residing within the classically “sterile” regions of the body. This review will take a phage‐centric view of the microbiota, human body, and immune system with the ultimate goal of inspiring a greater appreciation for both the indirect and direct interactions between bacteriophages and their mammalian hosts.
Domain-Specific Utterance End-Point Detection for Speech Recognition

The task of automatically detecting the end of a device-directed user request is particularly challenging in case of switching short command and long free-form utterances. While lowlatency end-pointing configurations typically lead to good user experiences in the case of short requests, such as “play music”, it can be too aggressive in domains with longer free-form queries, where users tend to pause noticeably between words and hence are easily cut off prematurely. We previously proposed an approach for accurate end-pointing by continuously estimating pause duration features over all active recognition hypotheses. In this paper, we study the behavior of these pause duration features and infer domain-dependent parametrizations. We furthermore propose to adapt the end-pointer aggressiveness on-the-fly by comparing the Viterbi scores of active short command vs. long free-form decoding hypotheses. The experimental evaluation evidences a 18% relative reduction in word error rate on free-form requests while maintaining low latency on short queries.
Tolerance of Vascularized Islet‐Kidney Transplants in Rhesus Monkeys

We previously reported that transplantation (Tx) of prevascularized donor islets as composite islet‐kidneys (IK) reversed diabetic hyperglycemia in both miniature swine and baboons. In order to enhance this strategy's potential clinical applicability, we have now combined this approach with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) Tx in an attempt to induce tolerance in nonhuman primates. IKs were prepared by isolating islets from 70% partial pancreatectomies and injecting them beneath the autologous renal capsule of five rhesus monkey donors at least 3 months before allogeneic IK Tx. HSC Tx was performed after mobilization and leukapheresis of the donors and conditioning of the recipients with total body irradiation, T cell depletion, and cyclosporine. One IK was harvested for histologic analysis and four were transplanted into diabetic recipients. IK Tx was performed either 20–22 (n = 3) or 208 (n = 1) days after HSC Tx. All animals accepted IKs without rejection. All recipients required >20 U/day insulin before IK Tx to maintain <200 mg/dL, whereas after IK Tx, three animals required minimal doses of insulin (1–3 U/day) and one animal was insulin free. These results constitute a proof‐of‐principle that this IK tolerance strategy may provide a cure for both end‐stage renal disease and diabetes without the need for immunosuppression.
Comparison of Thrombelastography With Common Coagulation Tests in Preeclamptic and Healthy Parturients

Background and Objectives. Epidural analgesia/anesthesia is often beneficial in the management and treatment of preeclampsia. However, some preeclamptic patients have a coagulopathy that is a contraindication to regional anesthesia. A routine coagulation battery (RCB), consisting of prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, and bleeding time, is commonly performed to assess coagulation status. Thrombelastography (TEG) is a measure of clotting that allows evaluation of overall coagulation activity. The goal of this study was to examine whether TEG can predict normal and abnormal coagulation as diagnosed by RCB in healthy and preeclamptic parturients. Methods. Forty-seven parturients participated in this prospective study, performed early in the first stage of labor. Twenty healthy parturients (group I), 19 mild (group II), and 8 severe preeclamptic/eclamptic parturients (group III) had RCB and TEG performed. Results. Five patients (1, group I; 3, group II; 1, group III) had a normal RCB, but a mildly abnormal TEG (prolonged K, small α) (specificity = 0.88). Five of 27 preeclamptic parturients (1, group II; 4, group III) had abnormal RCBs. Three of these 5 patients had thrombocytopenia with normal bleeding times and TEGs. Two patients had thrombocytopenia and prolonged bleeding times and abnormal TEGs (sensitivity = 0.40). Conclusions. Thrombelastography is not an effective means of predicting abnormal coagulation, as diagnosed by RCB, in preeclamptic parturients, using currently defined normal TEG values for nonpregnant patients. However, an abnormal TEG maximum amplitude value always correlated with a prolonged bleeding time. Therefore, TEG may be useful in assessing platelet function in the presence of thrombocytopenia. Further studies are warranted.
A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF ABO BLOOD GROUP FREQUENCY IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA IN CHINESE PATIENTS.

Since the turn of this century a number of investigations in the association of ABO blood groups and diseases with a diversity of findings have been reported from all over the world. One of the important contributors was I. AIRD, who with his associates published in 1953 their studies of the relationship between cancer of the stomach and ABO blood groups. They found that there was an excess of group A with a deficiency of group O in their test series. This was later confirmed by other workers, such as Koster et al in 1955, Buckwater et al and Walther et al in 1956. G. S. Yeoh in his review of gastric cancer 1960 showed an apparent rise in group A though the number in his series may not be enough to be of statistical significance. However, Jennings et al pointed out that in their series the increase of group A was confined to the carcinoma of the pyloric end of the stomach and there was no apparent increase in the carcinoma of the fundus of the stomach. Similar studies were carried out on peptic ulceration (Aird et al) 1954. He reported that there was a significant rise in group O and in fact stated that group O people are about 35% more susceptable to peptic ulceration which require treatment than those of the other blood groups. It was further substantiated by Brown et al 1956. But Clarke et al found that the increase in group O was confined to duodenal ulcer only and there were no changes in gastric ulcer. Among the surveys of blood group in relation to other neoplasms there was an excess of group A in lung cancer of the oat -cell type (McConnel et al). Similarly there was an increase of group A in tumours of the salivary tissue (Cameron).
The Quality of Banking Services in Light of the Financial Transformations and Their Impact on the Marketing Performance of the Banks in Gaza Strip

This study aimed to investigate the effect on the quality of banking services marketing performance of banks operating in the Gaza Strip in light of the financial transitions from the perspective of employees, and the disclosure of the relationship between the quality of banking services and marketing performance from the perspective of employees and customers. The researcher used descriptive and analytical approach, and the study population of employees and customers at Bank (Palestine Limited, Palestinian Islamic, housing, Jerusalem, the Arab Bank), and the study tool is a questionnaire applied to a simple random sample of employees and customers have been obtained (97) questionnaire rate of recovery (97%) to identify the employees, the customers have been recovered (141) questionnaire by recovery (78%). the results of the study showed a statistically significant relationship between the quality of banking service and financial shifts in operating in the Gaza Strip banks from the perspective of employees, and between financial transformations and marketing performance of banks operating in the Gaza Strip from the perspective of employees, and the quality of banking service and marketing performance in banks operating in the Gaza Strip from the standpoint of employees, customers, and that there is the effect of a statistically significant for the quality of banking services on the marketing performance of banks operating in the Gaza Strip in light of the transformations Finance from the perspective of employees. And changing the mediator of financial shifts weaken the impact of the quality of banking services and the marketing performance. One of the main recommendations: to work on open communication channels between banks and customers departments to keep the banking institutions more flexible and responsive to the aspirations of the entire banking customers about the services provided and it will contribute to the improvement of marketing performance.
Temperature and Bias-Assisted Transport Properties of LSMO/AlO/CoFeB Magnetic Tunnel Junction

We have observed the transport properties in magnetic tunnel junction with the multilayered structure: (50 nm)/Al-O (1 nm)/CoFeB (5 nm)/Ta (10 nm)/Ru (10 nm). The maximum normal tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio was found to be 12.4% at a temperature range around 100 K, and the maximum inverse TMR ratio was observed to be 3% at a temperature of 5 K . The inverse TMR decreases with increasing temperature until it reaches a temperature range of around 50 K, whereby it switches to the normal TMR behavior. The appearance of inverse TMR at low temperatures is attributed to the presence of minority-spin density of states (DOS) of half-metal around the Fermi level present at the half-metal-insulator interface. The vanishing of inverse TMR and increase of normal TMR above certain temperature range is due to no contribution from the minority-spin DOS in the tunneling process. These results were found to be reproducible and the TMR ratio of more than 3% and 11% was obtained at room temperature before and after annealing at a temperature of 235 K for an annealing time of one hour, respectively.