Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOW IS JOB SATISFACTION IN SPANISH BUILDING ENGINEERS INFLUENCED BY TRAINING

In business environments, training is one of the most important issues for human resource management. Through appropriate training, enterprises can rely on competent and motivated employees, ready to meet technological and strategic requirements. The aim of this study is to investigate training activities for building engineers developed by Spanish construction companies. But it also aims at analysing the effect of training on job satisfaction. A qualitative methodology has been applied, by means of semi-structured interviews to 34 building engineers. ATLAS-ti software has been used for the analysis of the interview contents. Findings reveal that, with the exception of a large company, no planned training has been developed in order to
Optimization of Ca14MgSb11 through Chemical Substitutions on Sb Sites: Optimizing Seebeck Coefficient and Resistivity Simultaneously

In thermoelectric materials, chemical substitutions are widely used to optimize thermoelectric properties. The Zintl phase compound, Yb14MgSb11, has been demonstrated as a promising thermoelectric material at high temperatures. It is iso-structural with Ca14AlSb11 with space group I41/acd. Its iso-structural analog, Ca14MgSb11, was discovered to be a semiconductor and have vacancies on the Sb(3) sites, although in its nominal composition it can be described as consisting of fourteen Ca2+ cations with one [MgSb4]9− tetrahedron, one Sb37− linear anion and four isolated Sb3− anions (Sb(3) site) in one formula unit. When Sn substitutes Sb in Ca14MgSb11, optimized Seebeck coefficient and resistivity were achieved simultaneously although the Sn amount is small (<2%). This is difficult to achieve in thermoelectric materials as the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity are inversely related with respect to carrier concentration. Thermal conductivity of Ca14MgSb11-xSnx remains almost the same as Ca14MgSb11. The calculated zT value of Ca14MgSb10.80Sn0.20 reaches 0.49 at 1075 K, which is 53% higher than that of Ca14MgSb11 at the same temperature. The band structure of Ca14MgSb7Sn4 is calculated to simulate the effect of Sn substitutions. Compared to the band structure of Ca14MgSb11, the band gap of Ca14MgSb7Sn4 is smaller (0.2 eV) and the Fermi-level shifts into the valence band. The absolute values for density of states (DOS) of Ca14MgSb7Sn4 are smaller near the Fermi-level at the top of valence band and 5p-orbitals of Sn contribute most to the valence bands near the Fermi-level.
Contingent valuation of ecotourism in Marine Parks, Malaysia: implication for sustainable Marine Park revenue and ecotourism management.

The merging of environmental conservation and ecotourism development results in the establishment of marine parks. The environmental conservation approach recognize the right and influence of people in biological valuable areas, hence, more attention are given to human and biological preferences. The ecotourism development approach is linked with the environment to generate economic profitability in terms of ecotourism business activities. Information on visitor's willingness to pay provides useful guidelines sustaining on marine ecotourism resources. To determine willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation fees, contingent valuation surveys were interviewed to 215 visitors to Redang Island Marine Park, Malaysia, during April to July of 2007. The results of logit regression showed that the bid amount, respondent income level and local visitors were the most significant predictors of WTP. Results suggest that most visitors would be willing to pay conservation fee considerably higher than the current fee of RM5. The results indicate that visitors are willing to pay for conservation fee about RM7.8 and RM10.6 per visit for local and international visitors. The estimated present value of conservation benefits is estimated to be between RM4.25 mil to RM4.7 mil from the period of 1995 to 2005. Results of this study are very important in assists policy makers in management and operation for marine parks ecotourism especially on revenue mechanism.
An Intelligent Approach Based on Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for Non-Convex Economic Dispatch

One of the significant strategies of the power systems is Economic Dispatch (ED) problem, which is defined as the optimal generation of power units to produce energy at the lowest cost by fulfilling the demand within several limits. The undeniable impacts of ramp rate limits, valve loading, prohibited operating zone, spinning reserve and multi-fuel option on the economic dispatch of practical power systems are scrutinized in this paper. Thus, the proposed nonlinear non-convex formulation is solved by a new modified version of bio-inspired bat algorithm. Due to the complexities associated with the large-scale optimization problem of economic dispatch, adaptive modifications are added to the original bat algorithm. The modification methods are applied at two separate stages and pledge augmentation in convergence rate of the algorithm as well as extricating the algorithm from local optima. Veracity of the proposed methodology are corroborated by performing simulations on three IEEE test systems.
IC and RC band time-series observations of some bright ultracool dwarfs

The results of more than 100 h of CCD photometric monitoring of 10 L dwarfs and two T dwarfs are presented. Reasonable evidence is shown for I C band variability in DENIS 0255-4700, DENIS 1705-0516 and 2M 2104-1037. Substantial brightening of the T dwarf binary ∈ Indi Bab was observed over the course of 3.6 h; it is unlikely that this could have been caused by surface spots. No unequivocal variability could be detected in the R C band.
A framework for learning affine transformations for multimodal sparse reconstruction

We introduce a novel framework to reconstruct highly undersampled signals from their measurements using a correlated signal as an aid. The correlated signal, called side information, need not be close or similar to the signal to reconstruct. Thus, our framework applies to the case in which the signals are multimodal. We use two main ingredients: the theory of l1–l1 minimization, which establishes precise reconstruction guarantees of sparse signals using a similar signal as an aid, and a set of training data consisting of several examples of pairs of the signal to reconstruct and the side information. We adopt a statistical framework where the training and the test data are drawn from the same joint distribution, which is assumed unknown. Our main insight is that a quantity arising in the l1–l1 minimization theory to measure the quality of the side information can be written as the 0-1 loss of a classification problem. Therefore, our problem can be solved with classification methods, such as support vector machines. Furthermore, using statistical learning theory, we provide guarantees for our method. Specifically, the expected value of the side information quality decreases with O(1/√T), where T is the number of training samples. Simulations with synthetic data validate our approach.
Atomic beam source for the ultracold focused ion beam setup

In the ultracold FIB project a high brightness ion beam is developed for usage in a focused ion beam (FIB) source. This Focused Ion Beam can be used in applications where milling, imaging and deposition at the nanoscale needs to be done with increasing demands on control and resolution. The generation of the ion beam is done in a three stage principle. The first stage is the generation of the atomic beam and this is the subject of this work. The following stages first transversely cool and compress the atomic beam by using laser cooling techniques and then ionize and accelerate the ions to form the ion beam. The generation of the atomic beam is done using a Knudsen cell; an effusive oven containing a vapor of rubidium atoms. The pressure difference between the vapor pressure in the oven and the vacuum outside the oven generates a flow of atoms from the oven to the vacuum. Only atoms that have a low transverse velocity can be captured by the laser cooling stage and will attribute to the ion beam. Therefore it is important to minimize the divergence in the beam and to this extent a collimating tube is used to connect the effusive oven to the vacuum system. The collimating tube minimizes beam divergence and compared to other collimating mechanisms it reduces the amount of rubidium loss, therefore greatly increasing the lifetime of the system. In order to measure the transverse velocity distribution, the transverse beam profile and the total flux, Laser-Induced Fluorescence measurements have been performed. These measurements show that the source generates an atomic beam with a particle flux ranging from 6 · 10 s−1 at a source temperature of 60 ◦C to 3 · 10 s−1 at a source temperature of 160 ◦C . The flux is lower than predicted by theory and the transverse velocity distribution is broader than predicted by theory. However, the particle flux is stable within 1
The Quality of Websites Related to Hypertension in Iranian Internet Space

Background: Today physicians and other health-related service providers are trying to provide information and training through cyberspace to their patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality of the Persian websites related to hypertension. Methods: To identify Persian hypertension related websites in a descriptive cross-sectional study, we started our search in cyberspace using the key words. The keywords that were used are the same as the words that patients or their families use to obtain information about hypertension. The First 50 Google and Yahoo search results, all related links and related websites are listed in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education were examined. Then, the quality of these sites were evaluated based on the scale of Discern and Silberg instruments. Results: As a result, a total of 281 websites were retrieved. Analysis revealed that 62(22%) of these unique websites contained information relevant to hypertension. Seventy nine percent of health related websites had academic or governmental origin, however, only 9% of these websites contained information relevant to hypertension. “Heart center belonging to Tehran University of Medical Sciences” was ranked first based on the Silberg and DISCERN instruments, with scors 7 (from total 9) and 55 (from total 80), respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that, according to the data collecgted and analyzed via Silberg and DISCERN instruments, the quality of Persian websites related to HTN is “low”. According to evidence-based medicine, despite so many barriers to the internet information reaching its necessary to expand health-related Web sites.
Microphase separation, stress relaxation and creep behavior of polyurethane nanocomposites

The microphase separation of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite was studied. The result suggests that the addition of clay leads to a decrease in the size of hard domain and an increase in the degree of microphase separation. The stress relaxation and creep behavior of blank PU and PU/clay nanocomposites were investigated. The relaxation time spectrum and retardant time spectrum were derived according to the generalized Maxwell model and Voigt model with a Tikhonov regularization method. The characteristic relaxation time was identified with the corresponding relaxation process. At a small strain, the relaxation was mainly attributed to uncoiling/disentangling of soft segment chain network in the soft phase, with a single characteristic relaxation time in the range of 5~100s. The increase in the hard segment content leads to a decrease in the relaxation time, and the addition of clay leads to an increase in the relaxation time. At large strains, the multi-peak relaxations occurred, and they were attributed to the breakup of interconnected hard domains and pull-out of soft segment chains from hard domains, together with the disentangling of soft segment chain network in the soft phase. The creep results are in consistent with that of the stress relaxation. The relaxation and creep behavior were related to microphase separation of polyurethane. This study suggested that the relaxation spectrum H(i´) can be used to examine the complicated relaxation processes for a multi-phase and multi-component polymer system.
The classification of frequencies in the γ Doradus/δ Scuti hybrid star HD 49434

Hybridstarsofthe γ Doradusand δ Scutipulsationtypeshavegreatpotentialforasteroseismic analysis to explore their interior structure. To achieve this, mode identifications of pulsational frequencies observed in the stars must be made, a task which is far from simple. In this work we begin the analysis by scrutinizing the frequencies found in the CoRoT photometric satellite measurements and ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy of the hybrid star HD 49434. Theresultsshowalmostnoconsistencybetweenthefrequenciesfoundusingthetwotechniques and no characteristic period spacings or couplings were identified in either data set. The spectroscopic data additionally show no evidence for any long-term (5 yr) variation in the dominant frequency. The 31 spectroscopic frequencies identified have standard deviation profiles suggesting multiple modes sharing (l, m )i n theδ Scuti frequency region and several skewed modes sharing the same (l, m )i n theγ Doradus frequency region. In addition, there is a clear frequency in the γ Doradus frequency region that appears to be unrelated to the others. We conclude HD 49434 remains a δ Scuti/γ Doradus candidate hybrid star but more sophisticatedmodelsdealingwithrotationaresoughttoobtainaclearpictureofthepulsational
Which factors explain Germany's transposition delay of the EU Blue Card Directive? : a qualitative case study of the Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card) transposition in Germany

This Bachelor thesis deals with the EU Blue Card Directive transposition by Germany. When transposing such legislations there is often a lot of discussions about the content and how to implement it which can lead to transposition delays. In the case of Germany there has been a transposition delay of about one year. The goal of this thesis then is to reveal variables which might explain this delay. This is done by a qualitative case study of Germany. It is concluded that, in principle, Germany is able to transpose on time. However, they have a high incentive to deviate from the content of the directive. Knowing these variables which might cause the transposition delay and with that trying to improve the situation could also help to further foster the EU integration process.
Modelling Exposure to Risk of Experiencing Discrimination in the Context of Endogenous Ethnic Identification

Gneezy et al. (2012) uses attribution theory from the psychology literature to argue that when the object of discrimination is a matter of choice (e.g. sexual orientation), observed discrimination may motivated by animus, which exacerbates or intensifies the emotional response to the object of discrimination. This paper builds on this insight based on the understanding that ethnicity is largely a social construct where individuals can often choose to identify with an ethnic group that may be the object of discrimination. A theoretical model is constructed that predicts that the choice to identify interacts with the observability of ethnicity, and the exposure to situations where there is a risk of discrimination, to produce a non-linear relationship with reported episodes of discrimination. Evidence from the 2008 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Social Survey (NATSISS) is presented that is consistent with the predictions of this theory.
Efficiency of the Galleria (wax moth) baiting technique for recovering infective stages of entomopathogenic rhabditids (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from Sand and soil

The eficiency of using Galleria larvae to quantify the numbers of entomopathogenic nematodes in naturally infested soil or in sand was assessed. Most tests were with an undescribed Steinernema sp. isolated from British soil and designated the Nashes isolate. Bioassays consisted of replacing al1 insects, whether dead or alive, with fresh living ones until infections ceased and counting the numbers of nematodes which established in the larvae. Whether using naturally infested soil or sterile sand, consecutive exposures of 36 days or more were required before infections ceased. However, two or three consecutive bioassays over twelve days recovered 75 Oh or more of the nematodes. A number of tests with 10-500 nematodes per Galleria larva showed a highly significant linear relationship between the dose of nematodes applied and the mean number which established in the insects. This applied for steinernematids and heterorhabditids, in sand and soil, for exposures lasting 72-144 h and at 15 or 20 OC. The proportion of the nematodes which could penetrate and establish in the hosts (the regression coefficient) varied and may provide a useful parameter for comparing the efficacy of different nematodes under specified conditions. Up to six consecutive 72 h exposures failed to recover more than 40 O/o of the nematodes applied. Comparison of two strains of S. feltiae (Filipjev) [ = S. bibionis (Bovien)] with the Nashes isolate showed no significant differences in the percent that established in Galleria larvae after 72 h. The optimal temperature for infection and establishment of the Nashes isolate was 15-20 OC. There was no effect on efficiency of recovery if single insects were used with 25 ml of sand or five larvae with 300 ml of sand.
On the quality of the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6 water vapor profiles and distributions

Abstract. This report describes the quality of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) water vapor (H 2 O) profiles of 1978/79 that were processed with a Version 6 (V6) algorithm and archived in 2002. The V6 profiles incorporate a better knowledge of the instrument attitude for the LIMS measurements along its orbits, leading to improvements for its temperature profiles and for the registration of its water vapor radiances with pressure. As a result, the LIMS V6 zonal-mean distributions of H 2 O exhibit better hemispheric symmetry than was the case from the original Version 5 (V5) dataset that was archived in 1982. Estimates of the precision and accuracy of the V6 H 2 O profiles are developed and provided. Individual profiles have a precision of order 5% and an estimated accuracy of about 19% at 3 hPa, 14% at 10 hPa, and 26% at 50 hPa. Profile segments within about 2 km of the tropopause are often affected by emissions from clouds that appear in the finite field-of-view of the detector for the LIMS H 2 O channel. Zonally-averaged distributions of the LIMS V6 H 2 O are compared with those from the more recent Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite experiment for November, February, and May of 2004/05. The patterns and values of their respective distributions are similar in many respects. Effects of a strengthened Brewer-Dobson circulation are indicated in the MLS distributions of the recent decade versus those of LIMS from 1978/79. A tropical tape recorder signal is present in the 7-month time series of LIMS V6 H 2 O with lowest values in February 1979, and the estimated, annually-averaged "entry-level" H 2 O is 3.5 to 3.8 ppmv. It is judged that this historic LIMS water vapor dataset is of good quality for studies of the near global-scale chemistry and transport for pressure levels from 3 hPa to about 70 to 100 hPa.
Effects of aloe vera extract in drinking water on broiler performance

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of aloe vera extract (w/v) on growth performance of broiler. The present study explored the potentials of medicinal plants Aloe barbedensis mixture in broiler performance. For this purpose, 120 day old chicks were randomly assigned into five treatment groups, namely T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4. Each treatment group contained 24 chicks. The chicks were purchased from a local chick hatchery named Nourish Poultry & Hatchery Ltd. Birds were brooded up to 10 days and then reared in separate flock for 35 days in an open sided house. Each treatment group was further replicated into three sub-groups and each contained eight birds. Experimental birds in T1, T2, T3 and T4 were provided with aloe vera extract (w/v) @ 05, 10, 15 and 20 ml per liter of drinking water while T0 was maintained as control group. Relevant data were recorded throughout the experimental period and subjected to statistical analysis. The data on growth parameters (body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, water intake) and feed cost and gross return per broiler were evaluated. The results of the study revealed that the aloe vera supplemented groups showed higher live weight gain than untreated group. Aloe vera supplemented groups showed more live weight gain in the terminal stages of the experiment. Aloe vera (w/v) extract supplemented groups performed the best feed efficiency. The live weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly (P
MAP estimators and their consistency in Bayesian nonparametric inverse problems

We consider the inverse problem of estimating an unknown function u from noisy measurements y of a known, possibly nonlinear, map G? > applied to u. We adopt a Bayesian approach to the problem and work in a setting where the prior measure is specified as a Gaussian random field μ0. We work under a natural set of conditions on the likelihood which implies the existence of a well-posed posterior measure, μy. Under these conditions, we show that the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator is well defined as the minimizer of an Onsager–Machlup functional defined on the Cameron–Martin space of the prior; thus, we link a problem in probability with a problem in the calculus of variations. We then consider the case where the observational noise vanishes and establish a form of Bayesian posterior consistency for the MAP estimator. We also prove a similar result for the case where the observation of G(u)? > can be repeated as many times as desired with independent identically distributed noise. The theory is illustrated with examples from an inverse problem for the Navier–Stokes equation, motivated by problems arising in weather forecasting, and from the theory of conditioned diffusions, motivated by problems arising in molecular dynamics.
Unemployment benefits, the 'added worker effect' and income distribution in a monetary economy

This paper focuses on the effects of public expenditure for unemployment benefits on the path of income distribution, within the theoretical framework of the monetary theory of production. By contrast to the standard view that unemployment benefits produce bad macroeconomic performances, it will be argued that – by increasing total demand – they boost the level of employment. The increase in the level of employment contributes to generate an ‘added worker effect’, which, in turn, pushes the Government to pay further unemployment benefits. At the same time, once firms’ fixed capital has been completely exploited, firms’ money profits at the aggregate level grow. This, in turn, generates inflationary pressures which reduces real wages. Moreover, following the Smithian argument that increase in demand fosters division of labour within firms, this policy can increase labour productivity, thus eventually counterbalancing the inflationary pressures associated to profits increases. A different policy option has been suggested, where – for the sake of allowing more ‘security’ to workers - the state directly supplies them with goods and services.