Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Learning Techniques for Neural Translation Systems

Machine Translation systems have been used since their inception by professional translators to speed up and ease their work. Those systems receive professionally edited translations through their use, which could potentially improve their performance. In the last decades, Artificial Neural Networks have been used to develop complete Machine Translation systems to great success. In this work two online learning algorithms for Artificial Neural Networks have been used to enhance already trained neural translators. A wide array of experiments have been carried out to find the optimal hyperparameters for the algorithms in each task, and then the performance of those systems, adapted with each algorithm with their empirically found optimal set of hyperparameters, has been measured before and after in four translation tasks, and conclusions have been extracted on how they improved or worsened. A modification of a neural translator codebase has been carried out, along with the implementation of one of the algorithms and the development of new codebase to provide an interface to perform experiments in an automated way. One additional family of algorithms has been implemented and tested with the available model and tasks to no avail. Finally, possible future lines of research on adaptation of neural translators have been considered and discussed at the end of this work, along with their situation in the current state of Machine Translation.
The Effects of A 6-Week Plyometric Training on Agility Performance in Silat Olahraga

The purpose of this study was to determine if six weeks of plyometric training can improve an athlete’s agility performance in silat olahraga . Protocol: Thirty-four ( n =34) silat olahraga athletes (mean age 14 ± 3.22 years old), mean weights (42 ± 10.89 kg), mean heights (148 ± 8.79 cm) were selected as a subject for this study. All subjects were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental group). Seventeen athletes ( n =17) in experimental group performed conventional silat workout routine and plyometric training for 6-week for 2 sessions per week in 45 min to 1 hour while the control group ( n =17) only performed conventional silat workout routine. All subjects participated in hexagon agility test. The subjects were required to attend the pre-test on a week before the intervention for pre-test session, mid-test on the third week of the intervention training, and post-test session on the end of intervention week. Repeated measure mixed between-within ANOVA was utilized to analyze the results. Results: End of the 6-week intervention, results revealed, agility performance were statistically changed across the times ( p <0.05) in the experimental group. The plyometric training group had a quicker time and reduced time on the ground across the time for the hexagon agility test. The results of this study proved that plyometric training could be an effective training technique to improve the agility performance among silat olahraga athletes.
ARAB MEDITERRANEAN YOUTH MIGRATION. WHO WANTS TO LEAVE, AND WHY?

Migration has become one of the main priorities on the European Union’s (EU) agenda in the 21st century. The common European migration policy has been strengthened in order to optimize the regulation of migrant flows (2005 Global Approach to Migration and Mobility; 2015 Global Agenda on Migration). Regular means of entry have been strongly regulated and standardized, as the Common European Asylum System exemplifies. Also, major efforts have been made towards bringing a halt to irregular migration, especially on (but not restricted to) the Mediterranean routes.
On low-dimensional stochastic models

Several extensions of existing approaches to low-dimensional stochastic models are proposed. It is shown that the stationary state of a wide class of one-dimensional stochastic processes can be written as a matrix product state. Next, the exact solution of a staggered hopping model with reflective boundaries is presented. The connection between such boundaries and the occurrence of optimum ground states is clarified. In the fourth chapter the Gibbs probability measure of a two-dimensional classical vertex model is used for the description of traffic flow. The phase diagram of this traffic flow model is outlined. For comparison a cellular automaton with similar properties is suggested. The stationary state of this automaton is calculated exactly, both, for forward sequential and fully parallel update. Thereafter, the dynamics of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with open boundaries and parallel update is examined. For large portions of the parameter space of this model the time and space dependent generalization of the (2, 1)cluster approximation is shown be in good agreement with our Monte-Carlo simulations. The remaining information on the dynamics is extracted from a domain wall description. Finally, stochastic hopping models on two-leg ladders are studied. These models can be used for the description of traffic flow on a two-lane highway. Exact solutions are given for open and periodic boundary conditions. PACS: 02.50. Ey; 02.50. Ga; 02.60. Cb; 05.20. -y; 05.40. Fb; 05.70. Ln; 45.70. Vn; 89.40. +k
Proportion and Determinants of Facility-Based Childbirth in Kombolcha Woreda, Oromia RegionalState, Ethiopia: A Community Based Crosssectional Study

Background: An estimated 303,000 maternal deaths occurred globally in 2015, yielding an overall 216 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Developing regions account for approximately 99% of the estimated, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for roughly 66% and Ethiopia accounting for 3.6%. Most of these deaths are because of the lack of access to skilled childbirth attendances and emergency cares. Reducing maternal morbidity and mortality is a global priority which is particularly relevant to developing countries like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of facilitybased childbirth and associated factors in Kombolcha Woreda, East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 25 to October 15, 2014 in Kombolcha Woreda. Multi stage sampling method with stratification of the woreda into rural and urban areas was used in selecting 785 women of child bearing age, who gave birth to at least one child within the past 24 months. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval were performed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Results: Only 14.2% of the mothers gave birth to their last baby in health facilities. Mothers age between 15-24 years during the interview (AOR=4.23, 95% CI: 1.35, 20.29), Urban mothers (AOR=3.44, 95% CI: 1.54, 7.40), mothers with secondary education and above (AOR=4.13, 95% CI:1.46,11.73), mothers who visited health facilities for ANC during pregnancy (AOR=4.22, 95% CI: 1.82, 11.65), mothers who had problems during pregnancy (AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.82, 9.65) were more likely to give birth at health institutions. Conclusion: Very low facility-based childbirth was observed in the study area. Improving accessibility, increasing the awareness of mothers and their partners, working on equity and empowering mothers are recommended.
Prevalence of Pregnancy Termination and Its Associated Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Ethiopia Using 2011 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey, 2016

Background: Worldwide 20 million unsafe abortions took place each year as a result of unintended pregnancies, with 95% of these performed in developing countries. Ethiopia ranks fifth in the number of maternal deaths in the world and about two third of these deaths are due to unsafe abortions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pregnancy termination and associated factors among women of reproductive age group in Ethiopia using 2011 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey. Methods: A secondary data was used to determine the prevalence of pregnancy termination and associated factors among women of reproductive age group in Ethiopia. Women in the age group of 15-49 years who had terminated pregnancy five years preceding the survey were included. The data were cleaned, coded and analyzed using Stata version 12. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with termination of pregnancy. Presence of confounders and interaction effects was investigated by computing relative changes on s coefficients at a cutoff point 15%. Results: The prevalence of termination of pregnancy was 9% among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia. Maternal media exposure (AOR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.43), age of women (AOR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.36, 4.05), contraceptive non-user (AOR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.67) and occupational status of the husband (AOR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.42) were positively associated factors with termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: Considerable proportion of women practiced termination of pregnancy. Maternal mass media exposure, contraceptive use, women occupation, marital status, age of women and husband occupation were the main factors for pregnancy termination. Emphasis needs to be given on access to family planning, mass media exposure, health education on consequences of early marriage and creating job opportunities.
Electron- and ion-microprobe analyses, and genetic inferences of tourmalines of the foitite-schorl solid solution, Elba Island (Italy)

The Li, B and H contents of foitite were investigated for the first time by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The studied foitite occurs in the pockets of Elba pegmatites, not only as previously described, acicular and fibrous crystals, but also as black-violet, fibrous-to-prismatic overgrowth at the terminations of elbaitic, polychrome tourrnalines. A variety of compositions, belonging to the foitite-schorl solid solution, were recognised. Foititic compositions observed as overgrowths of polychrome crystals are associated with the crystallisation of zeo­ lites at the beginning of a zeolite hydrothermal stage. Morphologically similar overgrowths, but richer of schorlitic component, are associated with later hydrothermal circulation along late-stage fractures that crosscut the pegmatites and the host monzogranite. The agreement between the stoichiometric boron concentrations (as B203 wt.%), calculated assuming 3 B apfu, and in-situ SIMS data are good, with discrepancies generally within the estimated uncertainty of the ion-probe ana­ Iytical procedure (3 % rel.). In the case of H, the SIMS values are, mostly, a little lower compared to values calcu­ lated assuming 4 H apfu. However, such a discrepancy is in the most cases within 5 %, and for the rest, within 7 % rel. , and is comparable to the SIMS analytical uncertainty in this tourmaline compositional range. In the case of Li, the ion microprobe values closely match those derived by calculation of the Li required to fill the Y site. The results testify the high potential of SIMS for light-element, accurate analysis of compositionally complex sampIes. Key-words: foitite, tourrnaline, SIMS, Li, B, H, pegmatite, Elba.
Analysis of a coronal mass ejection and corotating interaction region as they travel from the Sun passing Venus, Earth, Mars, and Saturn

During June 2010 a good alignment in the solar system between Venus, STEREO‐B, Mars, and Saturn provided an excellent opportunity to study the propagation of a coronal mass ejection (CME) and closely occurring corotating interaction region (CIR) from the Sun to Saturn. The CME erupted from the Sun at 01:30 UT on 20 June 2010,with v≈ 600 km s−1, as observed by STEREO‐B, Solar Dynamics Observatory, and SOHO/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph. It arrived at Venus over 2 days later, some 3.5 days after a CIR is also detected here. The CIR was also observed at STEREO‐B and Mars, prior to the arrival of the CME. The CME is not directed earthward, but the CIR is detected here less than 2 days after its arrival at Mars. Around a month later, a strong compression of the Saturn magnetosphere is observed by Cassini, consistent with the scenario that the CME and CIR have merged into a single solar transient. The arrival times of both the CME and the CIR at different locations were predicted using the ENLIL solar wind model. The arrival time of the CME at Venus, STEREO‐B, and Mars is predicted to within 20 h of its actual detection, but the predictions for the CIR showed greater differences from observations, all over 1.5 days early. More accurate predictions for the CIR were found by extrapolating the travel time between different locations using the arrival times and speeds detected by STEREO‐B and ACE. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding the propagation of solar transients.
Rapid Water Transport by Long‐Lasting Modon Eddy Pairs in the Southern Midlatitude Oceans

Water in the ocean is generally carried with the mean flow, mixed by eddies, or transported westward by coherent eddies at speeds close to the long baroclinic Rossby wave speed. Modons (dipole eddy pairs) are a theoretically predicted exception to this behavior, which can carry water to the east or west at speeds much larger than the Rossby wave speed, leading to unusual transports of heat, nutrients, and carbon. We provide the first observational evidence of such rapidly moving modons propagating over large distances. These modons are found in the midlatitude oceans around Australia, with one also seen in the South Atlantic west of the Agulhas region. They can travel at more than 10 times the Rossby wave speed of 1–2 cm s−1 and typically persist for about 6 months carrying their unusual water mass properties with them, before splitting into individual vortices, which can persist for many months longer.
Three‐dimensional waveform modeling of ionospheric signature induced by the 2004 Sumatra tsunami

The Sumatra, December 26th, 2004, tsunami produced internal gravity waves in the neutral atmosphere and large disturbances in the overlying ionospheric plasma. To corroborate the tsunamigenic hypothesis of these perturbations, we reproduce, with a 3D numerical modeling of the ocean‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling, the tsunami signature in the Total Electron Content (TEC) data measured by the Jason‐1 and Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeters. The agreement between the observed and synthetic TEC shows that ionospheric remote sensing can provide new tools for offshore tsunami detection and monitoring.
Mechanisms underlying the sperm quality advantage in sperm competition and cryptic female choice in Drosophila melanogaster

Contrary to early predictions of sperm competition theory, postcopulatory sexual selection favoring increased investment per sperm (e.g., sperm size, sperm quality) has been demonstrated in numerous organisms. Recent findings reveal that sperm production strategies are highly variable, with males of some species producing relatively few, giant sperm. We empirically demonstrate for Drosophila melanogaster that both sperm quality and sperm quantity independently contribute to competitive male fertilization success. The interaction between sperm quality and quantity suggests an internal positive reinforcement on selection for sperm quality, with selection predicted to intensify as investment per sperm increases and the number of sperm competing declines. The mechanism underlying the sperm quality advantage is elucidated through examination of the relationship between female sperm-storage organ morphology and the differential organization of different length sperm within the organ. Our results exemplify that primary sex cells can bear secondary sexual straits.
Perception of value, attractiveness and purchase intention: revisiting sales promotion techniques

Objective – This paper aims to assess the moderating effects of the type of sales promotion on the relationship between perceived value, attractiveness and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment was carried out with 1161 respondents. We examined the direct relationship of perceived value (utility and hedonic) with the formation of promotion attractiveness. We then analyzed the relationship between attractiveness and the intention of buying a product on sale. Finally, we observed the moderating effects of the type of promotion on the model relationships. Findings – We found that sales promotions impact consumer purchase intent. There was a significant moderating effect between the type of sales promotion and the hypothesized relationships. Practical implications – The study helped to fill gaps identified in literature with the investigation of moderating factors that may maximize or minimize sales promotions impact on consumer behavior. In addition, this study also researched marketing actions that can be positively related to the hedonic and utilitarian perception of a product. Moreover, this study also analyzed possible elements that may alter the perception of attractiveness of a promotional campaign. Originality/value – In the managerial context, the study aimed to contribute with new subsidies to managers, in order to optimize their promotional campaigns planning and execution, since decisions still tend to be made based on manager intuition instead of on scientific aspects.
The effectiveness of airbags in Australia as determined by in-depth crash injury research

This study presents some results from a case-control study of crashed vehicles equipped with Australian airbag technology (Supplementary Restraint Systems). Vehicles were inspected and occupants interviewed according to the National Accident Sampling System (NASS). Data were available for 383 belted drivers involved in frontal crashes including 253 drivers in airbag-equipped vehicles and 130 drivers in non-airbag vehicles. The analysis revealed reductions in the numbers of injuries to the head, face, chest and neck in the airbag-equipped vehicles although the numbers of upper extremity injuries increased. At higher injury severities (AIS2+), reductions were also observed in injuries to the head, face, neck and chest. Further analysis using Harm as an outcome measure found that the mean Harm per driver (in terms of $AUD) were 60% greater in the non-airbag vehicles compared with the airbag-equipped vehicles. Thus airbags in Australia would appear to offer a significant saving in terms of costs to society. In general, the main conclusion from the study was that the results offer a strong indication that the Australian Design Rule (ADR) 69 requirement has been successful at addressing some of the outstanding issues that remain for injury prevention for drivers involved in frontal impacts. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111577.
Study of the Acoustic Suitability of an Open Plan Office Based on STI and DL2 Simulations

Many business offices around the world are organized as open plan offices. Therefore, studies about the acoustic comfort of the people who work in them have become increasingly important. The focus of this work is the acoustic evaluation of an open plan office combining several architectural characteristics and levels of ambient noise. This evaluation was performed through a computational model calibrated from a real office. The rate of spatial decay of sound pressure levels per distance doubling (DL2) and the speech transmission index (STI) were simulated for the acoustic evaluation of the office, allowing for the determination of the radius of distraction (rD). These parameters were simulated for 6 situations using different floor and ceiling covering materials and inserting or withdrawing screens between workstations. In addition, STI and rD were simulated under two conditions of ambient noise. The results indicated that the DL2 and rD are adequate acoustic parameters for the acoustic evaluation and improvement of an open plan office. The DL2 was strongly influenced by the presence or absence of screens between workstations and by the ceiling covering material. The rD was more sensitive to changes in ambient noise.
Evaluating Danish Mutual Fund Performance

To date analyses of Danish mutual fund performance have been few and mainly pursued by mutual funds themselves or by the Association of Danish Mutual Funds (www.ifr.dk). The purpose of this paper is to provide the first independent performance analysis of Danish mutual funds, which includes 44 mutual funds that have been in operation since October 1994. In this analysis we focus on the Jensen measure of performance considering a single index model and a multi-index model, respectively. Furthermore, we analyse the timing ability of the Danish mutual funds pursuing both the quadratic regressions of Treynor & Mazuy(1966) and the option approach suggested by Henriksson & Merton (1981). Finally, we consider the influence of management fees and other mutual fund expenses on performance.
3-Space In-Flow Theory of Gravity: Boreholes, Blackholes and the Fine Structure Constant

A theory of 3-space explains the phenomenon of gravity as arising from the timedependence and inhomogeneity of the differential flow of this 3-space. The emergent theory of gravity has two gravitational constants: G N — Newton’s constant, and a dimensionless constant α. Various experiments and astronomical observations have shown that α is the fine structure constant ≈ 1/137. Here we analyse the Greenland Ice Shelf and Nevada Test Site borehole g anomalies, and confirm with increased precision this value of α. This and other successful tests of this theory of gravity, including the supermassive black holes in globular clusters and galaxies, and the “dark-matter” effect in spiral galaxies, shows the validity of this theory of gravity. This success implies that the non-relativistic Newtonian gravity was fundamentally flawed from the beginning, and that this flaw was inherited by the relativistic General Relativity theory of gravity.
On the Pricing of Performance Sensitive Debt

Performance sensitive debt (PSD) contracts link a loan's interest rate to a measure of the borrower's credit relevant performance, e.g., if the borrower becomes less credit worthy, the interest rate increases according to a predetermined schedule. We derive and empirically test a pricing model for PSD contracts and find that interest increasing contracts are priced reflecting a substantial risk of shocks to borrower credit quality. Borrowers using such contracts are of an overall higher credit quality compared to borrowers using interest decreasing contracts. These contracts are priced as if no risk of shocks to borrower credit quality is present.