Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale to Microscale Simulations over Complex Terrain with the Immersed Boundary Method in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model

Improvements to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are made to enable multiscale simulations over highly complex terrain with dynamically downscaled boundary conditions from the mesoscale to the microscale. Over steep terrain, the WRF Model develops numerical errors that are due to grid deformation of the terrain-following coordinates. An alternative coordinate system, the immersed boundary method (IBM), has been implemented into WRF, allowing for simulations over highly complex terrain; however, the new coordinate system precluded nesting within mesoscale simulations using WRF’s native terrain-following coordinates. Here, the immersed boundary method and WRF’s grid-nesting framework are modified to seamlessly work together. This improved framework for the first time allows for large-eddy simulation over complex (urban) terrain with IBM to be nested within a typical mesoscale WRF simulation. Simulations of the Joint Urban 2003 field campaign in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, are performed using a multiscale five-domain nested configuration, spanning horizontal grid resolutions from 6 km to 2 m. These are compared with microscale-only simulations with idealized lateral boundary conditions and with observations of wind speed/direction and SF6 concentrations from a controlled release from intensive observation period 3. The multiscale simulation, which is configured independent of local observations, shows similar model skill predicting wind speed/direction and improved skill predicting SF6 concentrations when compared with the idealized simulations, which require use of observations to set mean flow conditions. Use of this improved multiscale framework shows promise for enabling large-eddy simulation over highly complex terrain with dynamically downscaled boundary conditions from mesoscale models.
Novel perspectives to improve the outcome of bone impaction grafting in revision surgery of total hip arthroplasties

The aim of this review was to discuss the current state of research of combining bisphosphonates with allograft bone for implant fixation. The allograft bone can only be reached by the bisphosphonate once it has been revascularized. However, this can be circumvented by local administration of bisphosphonates. Several animal studies showed that local application of bisphosphonates might protect the graft from resorption. There seems to be an optimum concentration for local application, however, this optimum varies for all different bisphosphonates. It can be concluded that local administration of bisphosphonates might play an important role in improving stability after surgery in which a prosthesis is combined with allograft bone to restore bony defects, however caution should be taken when extrapolating results of animal research to the human clinical situation. More research is needed to study the effect of local bisphosphonate use in humans and to study possible side effects.
Wind-Driven Processes Controlling Oceanic Heat Delivery to the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Variability in the heat delivery by Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is responsible for modulating the basal melting of the Amundsen Sea ice shelves. However, the mechanisms controlling the CDW inflow to the region’s continental shelf remain little understood. Here, a high-resolution regional model is used to assess the processes governing heat delivery to the Amundsen Sea. The key mechanisms are identified by decomposing CDW temperature variability into two components associated with 1) changes in the depth of isopycnals [heave (HVE)], and 2) changes in the temperature of isopycnals [water mass property changes (WMP)]. In the Dotson–Getz trough, CDW temperature variability is primarily associated with WMP. The deeper thermocline and shallower shelf break hinder CDW access to that trough, and CDW inflow is regulated by the uplift of isopycnals at the shelf break—which is itself controlled by wind-driven variations in the speed of an undercurrent flowing eastward along the continental slope. In contrast, CDW temperature variability in the Pine Island–Thwaites trough is mainly linked to HVE. The shallower thermocline and deeper shelf break there permit CDW to persistently access the continental shelf. CDW temperature in the area responds to wind-driven modulation of the water mass on-shelf volume by changes in the rate of inflow across the shelf break and in Ekman pumping-induced vertical displacement of isopycnals within the shelf. The western and eastern Amundsen Sea thus represent distinct regimes, in which wind forcing governs CDW-mediated heat delivery via different dynamics.
Effect consumption of glutamine supplement on aerobic power, anaerobic power and body composition of soccer players.

The aim of the present study was to determination the effect of eight weeks exercise combined with glutamine supplement on aerobic capacity, anaerobic power (peak, mean and maximum) and body composition of soccer players. It is hypotheses that the glutamine supplement has effect on the aerobic capacity, anaerobic power and body composition (total body mass, lean body mass and body fat percentage) of football players. The study was semi-experimental that done in pre and post-test phases on control (n=10) and training (n=10) groups on 2010 in boushehr, Iran. One day before beginning of the study protocols, subjects accomplished aerobic and anaerobic power and body composition testes. Afterwards, the subjects underwent exercise protocol for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 90 minutes per session of training. Half hour before each training session, the training group consumed glutamine supplement (0.1 g. glutamine saluted in 300 mg water and 300 mg sugar for 1 kg of body weight) and the control group consumed placebo (0.1 g. sugar per 300 mg water for 1 kg of body weight). Data were analyzed through independent t test. The results showed that there were significant differences in post-test of aerobic and anaerobic capacity and body composition of football players. These results indicated that consumption of glutamine supplement combined with exercise leads to increase in aerobic power, anaerobic power, total body math, lean body math and decrease in body fat percentage.
Interpretation of Late‐Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in the Sea of Marmara From Geochemistry of Bulk Carbonates

Isotopic, mineralogical, and elemental analyses have been conducted for the geochemical characteristics of the bulk carbonates in the sediment cores from the Western High and Çınarcık Basin in the Sea of Marmara to investigate the authigenic, biogenic, and detrital components and their possible use in paleoceanographic studies. The Western High is a relatively shallow (−500 to −800 m) compressional area characterized by relatively low sedimentation rates (30–40 cm/Kyr), whereas the Çnarcık Basin is a deep (~1,250 m) transtentional area represented by high sedimentation rates (>1 m/Kyr). Both 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O of bulk carbonates from the Western High exhibit significant variations, increasing steeply from 87Sr/86Sr of 0.708437 to 0.708916 and δ18O of −3.2‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) to 0.1‰ VPDB, indicating the incursion of the Mediterranean seawater after the last glacial and reflected in the change from lacustrine to marine environment. However, bulk carbonates in the core from the Çınarcık Basin have comparatively uniform values of 87Sr/86Sr (~0.708845) and δ18O (~0.0‰ VPDB), implying that this core did not experience the lacustrine/marine transition. In the Western High, δ13C values up to +24.3‰ VPDB at 400 cm below seafloor reveal the mineralization of heavy CO2, providing independent evidence for the subsurface biodegradation of petroleum. While in the Çınarcık Basin, δ13C values of bulk carbonates were relatively constant (approximately −2.94‰ VPDB). The high δ13C values of bulk carbonates from the Western High reflect the dissolution of primary carbonates as a result of the local acidic environment and precipitation of authigenic carbonates later, supported by mineralogical and elemental results.
Urban Microcell 39 GHz Measurements

Urban microcellular non-line-of-sight path gain measurements at 39.5 GHz are presented for open square (OS) and street canyon (SC) environments. The extracted parameters are in close agreement with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project specifications, particularly for the close-in free-space reference distance model with path-loss exponents within 3%. Base station antenna height diversity in the OS environment provided only a small 0.5 dB benefit. In the SC measurements, corner losses of 18 dB were reported and cross-polar discrimination reduced by 2.5 dB per 10 dB increase in path loss using directional antennas, but this correlation disappeared on an omnidirectional basis.
Time-lapse cross-hole electrical resistivity tomography (CHERT) for monitoring seawater intrusion dynamics in a Mediterranean aquifer

Abstract. Surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a widely used tool to study seawater intrusion (SWI). It is noninvasive and offers a high spatial coverage at a low cost, but its imaging capabilities are strongly affected by decreasing resolution with depth. We conjecture that the use of CHERT (cross-hole ERT) can partly overcome these resolution limitations since the electrodes are placed at depth, which implies that the model resolution does not decrease at the depths of interest. The objective of this study is to test the CHERT for imaging the SWI and monitoring its dynamics at the Argentona site, a well-instrumented field site of a coastal alluvial aquifer located 40 km NE of Barcelona. To do so, we installed permanent electrodes around boreholes attached to the PVC pipes to perform time-lapse monitoring of the SWI on a transect perpendicular to the coastline. After 2 years of monitoring, we observe variability of SWI at different timescales: (1) natural seasonal variations and aquifer salinization that we attribute to long-term drought and (2) short-term fluctuations due to sea storms or flooding in the nearby stream during heavy rain events. The spatial imaging of bulk electrical conductivity allows us to explain non-monotonic salinity profiles in open boreholes (step-wise profiles really reflect the presence of freshwater at depth). By comparing CHERT results with traditional in situ measurements such as electrical conductivity of water samples and bulk electrical conductivity from induction logs, we conclude that CHERT is a reliable and cost-effective imaging tool for monitoring SWI dynamics.
Study Of Concept Mastery Of Binocular K-11 Students Through The Implementation Of A Multi-Representative Approach

Mastery of the concept becomes the basis for use in the process of solving problems in science learning today, such as scientific literacy and 21st-century skills. However, generally mastery of concepts only revolves around solving scientific issues associated with the use of binocular formulas. Therefore, research is conducted that aims to obtain mastery profiles of binocular ideas through the implementation of a multi-representation approach. Qualitative descriptive research uses a sample of 26 students from a population of 142 students of class XI in one of the public high schools in Bandung. The researchers did randomsampling. The instruments used were in the form of tests and non-tests with the validity of 27.1% (valid) and reliability of 0.70 based on Rasch analysis. The data obtained were presented in the form of a percentage for each Competency Achievement Indicator (CAI), by grouping student answers into three categories namely Novice, Intermediate and Advance. Each type of answers gets a score for later converted to value and analysis with SPSS 23. The results show that the highest percentage is in CAI 1 (explaining binocular function) by 58% in the Intermediate category and 42% in the Advance category, while the lowest rate found in CAI 3 (drawing sketches of shadow formation by two convex lenses) which is equal to 4% in the Advance category. Besides, the average value of students in binocular concepts is 65.77, which indicates that the mastery of binocular concepts is still low. Some suggestions for improving the learning process are also elaborated.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS? ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS -

The purpose of this study was to determine university students? attitudes towards environmental problems and the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on it. The present descriptive study was carried out at the Celal Bayar University School of Health, SHMYO and Faculty of Medicine (N=742). A questionnaire designed by researches and Environmental Attitudes Scale (EAS) were applied to n=410 students who were present at the school at the time of applying. Although 65,0% of the students have stated that they were sensitive to environmental issues, 84,9% of them have not participitated to an activity about environmental issues. Total score of EAS of the students of Faculty of Medicine and School of Health, the students whose age were higher than 20, female students, the students who lived longest at city, the students who were sensitive to environmental issues, the students who thought an education must be given in high school, the students who has siblings fewer than 3 and the students whose parents were university graduate were higher than other students (p < 0,05). An education program should be developed for the students who were sensitive about the environmental issues to change their behavior about environmental matters.
Handbook of Linear Partial Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists

INTRODUCTION: SOME DEFINITIONS, FORMULAS, METHODS, AND SOLUTIONS Classification of Second Order Partial Differential Equations Basic Problems of Mathematical Physics Properties and Particular Solutions of Linear Equations Separation of Variables Method Integral Transforms Method Representation of the Solution of the Cauchy Problem via the Fundamental Solution Nonhomogeneous Boundary Value Problems with One Space Variable Nonhomogeneous Boundary Value Problems with Many Space Variables Construction of the Green's Functions: General Formulas and Relations Duhamel's Principles in Nonstationary Problems Transformation Simplifying Initial and boundary Conditions EQUATIONS OF PARABOLIC TYPE WITH ONE SPACE VARIABLE Constant Coefficient Equations Heat Equation with Axial or Central Symmetry and Related Equations Equations Containing Power Functions and Arbitrary Parameters Equations Containing Exponential Functions and Arbitrary Parameters Equations Containing Hyperbolic Functions and Arbitrary Parameters Equations Containing Logarithmic Functions and Arbitrary Parameters Equations Containing Trigonometric Functions and Arbitrary Parameters Equations Containing Arbitrary Functions Equations of Special Form PARABOLIC EQUATIONS WITH TWO SPACE VARIABLES Heat Equation Heat Equation with a Source Other Equations PARABOLIC EQUATIONS WITH THREE OR MORE SPACE VARIABLES Heat Equation Heat Equation with a Source Other Equations with Three Space Variables Equations with n Space Variables HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS WITH ONE SPACE VARIABLE Constant Coefficient Equations Wave Equation with Axial or Central Symmetry Equations Containing Power Functions and Arbitrary Parameters Equations Containing the First Time Derivative Equations Containing Arbitrary Functions HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS WITH TWO SPACE VARIABLES Wave Equation Nonhomogeneous Wave Equation Telegraph Equation Other Equation with Two Space Variables HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS WITH THREE OR MORE SPACE VARIABLES Wave Equation Nonhomogeneous Wave Equation Telegraph Equation Other Equations with Three Space Variables Equations with n Space Variables ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH TWO SPACE VARIABLES Laplace Equation Poisson Equation Helmholtz Equation Other Equations ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH THREE OR MORE SPACE VARIABLES Laplace Equation Poisson Equation Helmholtz Equation Other Equations Equations with n Space Variables HIGHER ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Third Order Partial Differential Equations Fourth Order One-Dimensional Nonstationary Equations Two-Dimensional Nonstationary Fourth Order Equations Fourth Order Stationary Equations Higher Order Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients Higher Order Linear Equations with Variable Coefficients SUPPLEMENT A: Special Functions and Their Properties SUPPLEMENT B: Methods of Generalized and Functional Separation of Variables in Nonlinear Equations of Mathematical Physics REFERENCES INDEX
Hierarchical Bayesian Approach for Modeling Spatiotemporal Variability in Flood Damage Processes

Flood damage processes are complex and vary between events and regions. State‐of‐the‐art flood loss models are often developed on the basis of empirical damage data from specific case studies and do not perform well when spatially and temporally transferred. This is due to the fact that such localized models often cover only a small set of possible damage processes from one event and a region. On the other hand, a single generalized model covering multiple events and different regions ignores the variability in damage processes across regions and events due to variables that are not explicitly accounted for individual households. We implement a hierarchical Bayesian approach to parameterize widely used depth‐damage functions resulting in a hierarchical (multilevel) Bayesian model (HBM) for flood loss estimation that accounts for spatiotemporal heterogeneity in damage processes. We test and prove the hypothesis that, in transfer scenarios, HBMs are superior compared to generalized and localized regression models. In order to improve loss predictions for regions and events for which no empirical damage data are available, we use variables pertaining to specific region‐ and event‐characteristics representing commonly available expert knowledge as group‐level predictors within the HBM.
Hyperlipidemia management for primary care : an evidence-based approach

OVERVIEW OF EVIDENCE SUPPORTING TREATMENT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA. Pre-statin trials. Primary prevention statin trials. Secondary prevention statin trials. Other trials. Normal Lipid Values. NCEP/ATP-III GUIDELINES. Review of ATP-III for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Review of 2004 ATP-III update. Review of ATP-IV. LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND NON-DRUG TREATMENT. Weight loss and other diets--benefits and risks. Therapeutic foods. Exercise interventions--benefits and risks. DRUG TREATMENT. General principles of drug treatment of hyperlipidemia. Agents (action, dosing, side effects, unique uses). Drug interactions. Drug intolerance and severe side effects. Drugs of the future. SPECIAL POPULATIONS AND SITUATIONS. Elderly patients . -Patients with multiple medical problems. Women. Adults younger than 35 years of age. Children. Elite athletes. Native Americans. Immigrants. Family issues. Community issues and population health concerns. OTHER ISSUES IN PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Aspirin prophylaxis. Novel screening tools for risk assessment. PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA. Treatment algorithms. Visit and serum testing frequency. Compliance and motivational tools. Referral guidelines for refractory hyperlipidemia. CASE STUDIES. The well elderly patient. The well young patient. The diabetic. The patient with intermediate risk. The unreachable goal. Kids. Normal cholesterol, but high TG and low HDL. Can't use statins. Metabolic syndrome. FUTURE DIRECTIONS. How low do you go? PPARs and prevention of metabolic syndrome. Integrative treatment (diet + exercise + drugs).
Comparative Study of the Gasification of Coal and Its Macerals and Prediction of the Synergistic Effects Under Typical Entrained-Bed Pulverized Coal Gasification Conditions

This research is focused on the gasification performance of coal and its corresponding macerals as well as on the interactions among macerals under typical gasification conditions by Aspen Plus modeling. The synergistic coefficient was employed to show the degree of interactions, while the performance indicators including specific oxygen consumption (SOC), specific coal consumption (SCC), cold gas efficiency (CGE), and effective syngas (CO + H2) content were used to evaluate the gasification process. Sensitivity analyses showed that the parent coal and its macerals exhibited different gasification behaviors at the same operating conditions, such as the SOC and SCC decreased in the order of inertinite > vitrinite > liptinite, whereas CGE changed in the order of liptinite > vitrinite > inertinite. The synergistic coefficients of SOC and SCC for the simulated coals were in the range of 0.94–0.97, whereas the synergistic coefficient of CGE was 1.05–1.13. Moreover, it was found that synergistic coefficients of gasification indicators correlated well with maceral contents. In addition, the increase in temperature was found to promote the synergistic coefficients slightly, whilst at an oxygen to coal mass ratio of 0.8 and a steam to coal mass ratio of 0.8, the highest synergistic coefficient was obtained.
Characterization of murine cardiac cholinergic innervation and its remodeling in type 1 diabetes

s: Hoover DB, Hoard JL, Mabe AM, Dodi EK. Colocalization of cholinergic and noradrenergic markers in mouse intracardiac neurons and nerve fibers. Program No. 305.5. 2005 Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2005. Online Hoard JL, Mabe AM, Wondergem R, Hoover DB. Coculture of mouse intrinsic cardiac neurons. Program No. 29.10. 2006 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Atlanta, GA: Society for Neuroscience, 2006. Online