Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
End-to-end Learning for Music Audio Tagging at Scale

The lack of data tends to limit the outcomes of deep learning research, particularly when dealing with end-to-end learning stacks processing raw data such as waveforms. In this study, 1.2M tracks annotated with musical labels are available to train our end-to-end models. This large amount of data allows us to unrestrictedly explore two different design paradigms for music auto-tagging: assumption-free models - using waveforms as input with very small convolutional filters; and models that rely on domain knowledge - log-mel spectrograms with a convolutional neural network designed to learn timbral and temporal features. Our work focuses on studying how these two types of deep architectures perform when datasets of variable size are available for training: the MagnaTagATune (25k songs), the Million Song Dataset (240k songs), and a private dataset of 1.2M songs. Our experiments suggest that music domain assumptions are relevant when not enough training data are available, thus showing how waveform-based models outperform spectrogram-based ones in large-scale data scenarios.
A Theory of Management and Its Implications for Capital Structure and Merger

It is curious that in this country Soviet managerial incentive structure seems to attract more critical attention of the profession than the capitalist counterpart. This must have something to do with the widespread belief that share-price maximization provides a reasonably good approximation of the managerial objective in an efficient capital market. In particular, as long as takeover bids compete out excessive managerial discretion, managers have to behave like shareholder-wealth maximizers. There is no difference between
The relevance of migraine in patients with Ménière's disease

Conclusion. Coexistent migraine affects relevant clinical features of patients with Ménière's disease (MD). Objective. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between migraine and MD. We sought to determine whether the coexistence of migraine affects any clinical features in patients with MD. Patients and methods. In this retrospective case-control study of University Neurotology Clinic patients, 50 patients meeting 1995 AAO-HNS criteria for definite MD were compared to 18 patients meeting the same criteria in addition to the 2004 IHS criteria for migraine (MMD). All had typical low frequency sensorineural hearing loss and episodes of rotational vertigo. Outcome measures included: sex, age of onset of episodic vertigo or fluctuating hearing loss, laterality of hearing loss, aural symptoms, caloric responses, severity of hearing loss, and family history of migraine, episodic vertigo or hearing loss. Results. Age of onset of episodic vertigo or fluctuating hearing loss was significantly lower in patients with MMD (mean±1.96*SE=37.2±6.3 years) than in those with MD (mean±1.96*SE=49.3±4.4 years). Concurrent bilateral aural symptoms and hearing loss were seen in 56% of MMD and 4% of MD patients. A family history of episodic vertigo was seen in 39% of MMD and 2% of MD patients.
Interspecific Hybrids of Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum × H. bulbosum Are Mitotically Stable and Reveal No Gross Alterations in Chromatin Properties

Interspecific hybrids between the related wild barley species Hordeum marinum and H. bulbosum were generated and tested regarding their chromosomal stability and chromatin properties. Unlike in H. vulgare × H. bulbosum hybrid embryos, there was no effect of temperature on uniparental chromosome elimination or retention during hybrid seed development and 7 chromosomes from each parent were detected according to genomic in situ hybridization analyses. The centromere-specific histone H3 gene (CENH3) of both parental genomes is active in hybrid plants. Indirect immunostaining of flow-sorted 2C nuclei indicated that no major reorganization of histone H3 methylation (K4, K9 and K27), H3K9 acetylation and histone H2A ubiquitination marks or location of active RNA polymerase II sites occurred after interspecific hybridization.
Family stories of end-of-life cancer care when unable to fulfill a loved one's wish to die at home

Abstract Objective: Control over place of death is deemed important, not only in providing a “good death,” but also in offering person-centered palliative care. Despite the wish to die at home being endorsed by many, few achieve it. The present study aimed to explore the reasons why this wish is not fulfilled by examining the stories of ten individuals who lost a loved one to cancer. Method: We adopted a narrative approach, with stories synthesized to create one metastory depicting plot similarities and differences. Results: Stories were divided into four chapters: (1) the cancer diagnosis, (2) the terminal stage and advancement of death, (3) death itself, and (4) reflections on the whole experience. Additionally, several reasons for cessation of home care were uncovered, including the need to consider children's welfare, exhaustion, and admission of the loved one by professionals due to a medical emergency. Some participants described adverse effects as a result of being unable to continue to support their loved one's wish to remain at home. Significance of Results: Reflections upon the accounts are provided with a discussion around potential clinical implications.
Zur Öffentlichkeit des Petitionsverfahrens beim Deutschen Bundestag und beim Schottischen Parlament

Im Jahr 2005 hat der Petitionsausschuss des Deutschen Bundestages seine Verfahrensgrundsätze in zwei Aspekten entscheidend verändert. Durch die Einführung von „Öff entlichen Petitionen“ werden seitdem der Inhalt von Petitionen und die Beschlussfassung mit Begründung über das Internet der Allgemeinheit zugänglich gemacht. Außerdem wurden in diesem Zusammenhang öff entliche Ausschusssitzungen eingeführt, bei denen die Petenten persönlich ihr Anliegen dem Ausschuss und der interessierten Öff entlichkeit erläutern können. Diese öff entlichen Sitzungen sind obligatorisch, wenn für eine Petition innerhalb einer Drei-Wochen-Frist mindestens 50.000 unterstützende Unterschriften eingereicht werden. Mit diesen Verfahrensreformen, die eng verknüpft sind mit dem Einsatz eines an die Öffentlichkeit gerichteten elektronischen Petitionssystems im Internet1, wurde begonnen, das Petitionsverfahren aus dem Arkanbereich der Bearbeitung in der zuständigen Bundestagsverwaltung und des Petitionsausschusses herauszulösen. Daher ist zu fragen, wie sich diese Tendenzen zu mehr Transparenz in der Arbeit des Petitionsausschusses niedergeschlagen haben. Dabei ist der besondere Charakter des Petitionsverfahrens – Zuständigkeit für Bitten zur Gesetzgebung und für individuelle Beschwerden – und die Selbstverständlichkeit, mit der sich heute das Internet für Parlamente als Informationsund Kommunikationsmedium etabliert hat2, zu berücksichtigen. In diesem Zusammenhang kann auf Erfahrungen beim Schottischen Parlament rekurriert werden, das in einer viel grundsätzlicheren Weise als der Bundestag die Öff entlichkeit des Petitionsverfahrens mit einem umfangreichen Informationsund Kommunikationsangebot auf seinen Webseiten verbunden hat.
Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The aim of this study was to evaluate which clinical variables might influence the antiobsessional response to proserotonergic drugs in a sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One hundred fifty-nine patients with DSM-IV OCD underwent a 12-week standardized treatment with fluvoxamine, clomipramine, citalopram, or paroxetine. According to treatment response, defined as a reduction of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score >35%, patients were divided into two groups. Ninety patients (56.6%) responded to treatment and 69 (43.4%) did not. Responders had a significantly higher frequency of positive family history for OCD (FH-OCD) in their first-degree relatives, whereas nonresponders had an earlier onset and a higher frequency of “poor insight” subtype and somatic obsessions. The predictive value of all these variables was tested by a stepwise logistic regression analysis that confirmed poor insight and FH-OCD to be the best predictors of poor and good drug treatment response, respectively. These preliminary findings need additional investigations toward a better definition of the genetic and biological heterogeneity of patients with OCD, and they underlie the importance of collecting the insight score and family history for psychiatric disorders in the pretreatment assessment.
[Impact of oral vitamin D supplementation in early life on diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation in early life on blood glucose, insulin content, diabetes incidence, and histomorphology in pancreatic islet induced by streptozotocin. METHODS Three-week-old C57BL/6 mice were given either control diet (American Institute of Nutrition [AIN]-93G), or three different dose of vitamin D-supplemented diet. Nine weeks after dietary intervention, C57BL/6 mice were treated with streptozotocin i.p. for 5 consecutive days. After injection of STZ, The fasting blood glucose and diabetes incidence was tested once a week. The insulin content, histomorphology in pancreatic islets was conducted at the end of experiments. RESULTS (1) Vitamin D supplementation in early life can decrease the fasting blood glucose values induced by STZ, and the decreases effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant (P<0.01). (2) Vitamin D supplementation in early life can prevent diabetes incidence, and the decreases effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant, fully suppress the onset of diabetes about four weeks later after injected by STZ (P<0.01). (3) As compared to the control group, insulin content in medium and high dose vitamin D-supplemented groups were significantly up-regulated after injection of STZ (P<0.05), and the effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant. (4) The damage of pancreatic islets induced by STZ was clearly restored in medium and high dose vitamin D-supplemented groups, and effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant. CONCLUSION Oral vitamin D supplementation in early life can decrease the fasting blood glucose values, prevent diabetes incidence, up-regulate insulin content, restored the damage of pancreatic islets induced by STZ, and effects of high dose vitamin D-supplementde group are all the most significant.
Positional cloning and characterization reveal the molecular basis for soybean maturity locus E1 that regulates photoperiodic flowering

The complex and coordinated regulation of flowering has high ecological and agricultural significance. The maturity locus E1 has a large impact on flowering time in soybean, but the molecular basis for the E1 locus is largely unknown. Through positional cloning, we delimited the E1 locus to a 17.4-kb region containing an intron-free gene (E1). The E1 protein contains a putative bipartite nuclear localization signal and a region distantly related to B3 domain. In the recessive allele, a nonsynonymous substitution occurred in the putative nuclear localization signal, leading to the loss of localization specificity of the E1 protein and earlier flowering. The early-flowering phenotype was consistently observed in three ethylmethanesulfonate-induced mutants and two natural mutations that harbored a premature stop codon or a deletion of the entire E1 gene. E1 expression was significantly suppressed under short-day conditions and showed a bimodal diurnal pattern under long-day conditions, suggesting its response to photoperiod and its dominant effect induced by long day length. When a functional E1 gene was transformed into the early-flowering cultivar Kariyutaka with low E1 expression, transgenic plants carrying exogenous E1 displayed late flowering. Furthermore, the transcript abundance of E1 was negatively correlated with that of GmFT2a and GmFT5a, homologues of FLOWERING LOCUS T that promote flowering. These findings demonstrated the key role of E1 in repressing flowering and delaying maturity in soybean. The molecular identification of the maturity locus E1 will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which a short-day plant regulates flowering time and maturity.
Title VII in the University: The Difference Academic Freedom Makes

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids employers to discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. ' Originally, Congress exempted educational institutions from liability under the Act.2 In 1972, however, Congress removed this exemption3 because of concerns about discrimination in the field of education, manifested in part by the lack of women and minorities in higher-ranking academic positions.4 The federal courts are uneasy with the extension of Title VII to academic insti-
Evaluation of piezoresistace coefficients of silico first-priciples band structures

We have simulated piezoresistance coefficients in single-crystal hydrogen-terminated silicon nanosheets with (001) surface orientation on the basis of first-principles calculations of model structures. The [110] uniaxial tensile stress causes band deformation, and a drastic change of conductivity can be observed for nanosheet models. We have obtained high piezoresistance coefficients for p-type nanosheet of about 1 nm thickness, p π<inf>l[110]</inf> = 174 × 10<sup>−11</sup> Pa<sup>−1</sup>, and p π<inf>t[110]</inf> = −139 × 10<sup>−11</sup> Pa<sup>−1</sup>. It is expected that p-type ultra-thin Si(001) nanosheet will be a suitable candidates for nanoscale piezoresistors due to its giant piezoresistivity.
Aging yeast gain a competitive advantage on non‐optimal carbon sources

Animals, plants and fungi undergo an aging process with remarkable physiological and molecular similarities, suggesting that aging has long been a fact of life for eukaryotes and one to which our unicellular ancestors were subject. Key biochemical pathways that impact longevity evolved prior to multicellularity, and the interactions between these pathways and the aging process therefore emerged in ancient single‐celled eukaryotes. Nevertheless, we do not fully understand how aging impacts the fitness of unicellular organisms, and whether such cells gain a benefit from modulating rather than simply suppressing the aging process. We hypothesized that age‐related loss of fitness in single‐celled eukaryotes may be counterbalanced, partly or wholly, by a transition from a specialist to a generalist life‐history strategy that enhances adaptability to other environments. We tested this hypothesis in budding yeast using competition assays and found that while young cells are more successful in glucose, highly aged cells outcompete young cells on other carbon sources such as galactose. This occurs because aged yeast divide faster than young cells in galactose, reversing the normal association between age and fitness. The impact of aging on single‐celled organisms is therefore complex and may be regulated in ways that anticipate changing nutrient availability. We propose that pathways connecting nutrient availability with aging arose in unicellular eukaryotes to capitalize on age‐linked diversity in growth strategy and that individual cells in higher eukaryotes may similarly diversify during aging to the detriment of the organism as a whole.
Targeting -7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in the Enteric Nervous System A Cholinergic Agonist Prevents Gut Barrier Failure after Severe Burn Injury

We have previously shown that vagal nerve stimulation prevents intestinal barrier loss in a model of severe burn injury in which injury was associated with decreased expression and altered localization of intestinal tight junction proteins. -7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( -7 nAchR) has been shown to be necessary for the vagus nerve to modulate the systemic inflammatory response, but the role of -7 nAchR in mediating gut protection remained unknown. We hypothesized that -7 nAchR would be present in the gastrointestinal tract and that treatment with a pharmacological agonist of -7 nAchR would protect against burn-induced gut barrier injury. The effects of a pharmacological cholinergic agonist on gut barrier integrity were studied using an intraperitoneal injection of nicotine 30 minutes after injury. Intestinal barrier integrity was examined by measuring permeability to 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and by examining changes in expression and localization of the intestinal tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. Nicotine injection after injury prevented burn-induced intestinal permeability and limited histological gut injury. Treatment with nicotine prevented decreased expression and altered localization of occludin and ZO-1, as seen in animals undergoing burn alone. Defining the interactions among the vagus nerve, the enteric nervous system, and the intestinal epithelium may lead to development of targeted therapeutics aimed at reducing gut barrier failure and intestinal inflammation after
Evaluation of focused multipolar stimulation for cochlear implants in long-term deafened cats

Objective. Focused multipolar (FMP) stimulation has been shown to produce restricted neural activation using intracochlear stimulation in animals with a normal population of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). However, in a clinical setting, the widespread loss of SGNs and peripheral fibres following deafness is expected to influence the effectiveness of FMP. Approach. We compared the efficacy of FMP stimulation to both monopolar (MP) and tripolar (TP) stimulation in long-term deafened cat cochleae (n = 8). Unlike our previous study, these cochleae contained <10% of the normal SGN population adjacent to the electrode array. We also evaluated the effect of electrode position on stimulation modes by using either modiolar facing or lateral wall facing half-band electrodes. The spread of neural activity across the inferior colliculus, a major nucleus within the central auditory pathway, was used as a measure of spatial selectivity. Main results. In cochleae with significant SGN degeneration, we observed that FMP and TP stimulation resulted in greater spatial selectivity than MP stimulation (p < 0.001). However, thresholds were significantly higher for FMP and TP stimulation compared to MP stimulation (p < 0.001). No difference between FMP and TP stimulation was found in any measures. The high threshold levels for FMP stimulation was significantly reduced without compromising spatial selectivity by varying the degree of current focusing (referred as ‘partial-FMP’ stimulation). Spatial selectivity of all stimulation modes was unaffected by the electrode position. Finally, spatial selectivity in long-term deafened cochleae was significantly less than that of cochleae with normal SGN population (George S S et al 2014 J. Neural Eng. 11 065003). Significance. The present results indicate that the greater spatial selectivity of FMP and TP stimulation over MP stimulation is maintained in cochleae with significant neural degeneration and is not adversely affected by electrode position. The greater spatial selectivity of FMP and TP stimulation would be expected to result in improved clinical performance.
Latin-American Special Olympics athletes: evaluation of oral health status, 2010.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and dental needs of the athletes with intellectual disabilities from Latin-American and Caribbean countries who were participating in the II Latin-American Special Olympics games held in Puerto Rico, February 2010. METHODS There were 930 athletes who participated in the games, of whom 445 received a dental examination, including 367 from Latin-American and 78 from Caribbean countries. Forty-four trained and standardized dental professionals performed dental screenings of athletes with intellectual disabilities, following Special Olympic Special Smiles and CDC protocols. These criteria were used to record untreated caries, missing and filled teeth, and gingival status. Socio-demographics, existence, and severity of pain and oral hygiene habits were assessed by questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using EPI-INFO and SPSS Statistical Program to produce descriptive statistics and chi-square test. RESULTS Untreated dental caries was recorded for more than half of the examined athletes. Missing teeth were noted in more than one-third of the athletes. More than half of the participants had signs of gingival disease and half needed preventive mouth guards. Statistics for each Latin-American country suggests a dissimilar trend of dental decay and treatment needs among nations. CONCLUSIONS While the Special Olympic athletes may not be representative of the entire population of individuals with intellectual disabilities in their specific country, the general consistency of the oral health status of these athletes from the 31 countries supports the certainty of the need for increased dental services for individuals with intellectual disability in the respective countries.
Management of Patient Experience With ATX-101 (Deoxycholic Acid Injection) for Reduction of Submental Fat

BACKGROUND ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection; Kythera Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Westlake Village, CA [an affiliate of Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland]) was recently approved for submental fat (SMF) reduction in the United States (Kybella) and Canada (Belkyra). The pivotal trials supporting these approvals revealed that ATX-101 is associated with common injection-site treatment reactions consistent with its mechanism of action and administration procedure. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate 4 patient experience management paradigms targeting the common injection-site adverse events of pain, swelling/edema, and bruising after a single treatment session with ATX-101. METHODS In this double-blind, parallel-group, exploratory Phase 3b study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02007434), subjects with moderate to severe SMF were randomized 4:1 within each paradigm to receive ATX-101 2 mg/cm2 or placebo. In Paradigm 1, subjects received a cold pack application to the treatment area. In Paradigm 2, in addition to cold pack application, subjects were treated with topical lidocaine and injectable lidocaine containing epinephrine. In Paradigm 3, in addition to the interventions of Paradigm 2, subjects received loratadine and ibuprofen. Subjects in Paradigm 4 received the same interventions in Paradigm 3, plus application of a chin strap. RESULTS Eighty-three subjects were treated. In ATX-101–treated subjects, peak pain occurred within 1 to 5 minutes of treatment, with median values at these time points ranging from 21.4 to 35.7 mm on a 100-mm pain visual analog scale (“mild”). Pain ratings reduced substantially by 15 minutes; at 4 hours after injection, pain was characterized as mild tenderness or mild achiness. Compared with cold alone, treatment with topical and injectable lidocaine reduced median peak pain by 17%. Addition of ibuprofen and loratadine resulted in a total reduction in pain by 40%. Peak swelling/edema in ATX-101–treated subjects was “modest,” with mean values ⩽1.7 (on a 0–5 scale) across all paradigms. Swelling/edema was not substantially mitigated by the interventions, including ibuprofen, loratidine, and the use of a chin strap. Bruising associated with ATX-101 treatment was confined to the treatment area, with mean values between 1.0 and 1.4 on a 0-to-5 scale. Bruising was modestly reduced by injectable lidocaine with epinephrine. CONCLUSION Results from this study support the safety of ATX-101 for SMF reduction, and demonstrate that pain and bruising associated with ATX-101 treatment can be mitigated by a series of simple measures.