Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Which Treated Hypertensive Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease Should Be Tested for the Presence of Myocardial Ischemia by Perfusion Imaging

Stress dipyridamole technetium‐99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomographic imaging was used to study myocardial perfusion in 1116 hypertensive patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD). The test confirmed the presence of CAD in 28.9% of patients. As expected, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had a significantly higher prevalence of myocardial perfusion abnormalities (35.9% vs 23.9%; odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–2.33; P<.0001) and high‐risk myocardial imaging (16.4% vs 10.6%; odds ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.18–2.37; P=.004) than those without DM. Odd ratios further increased, again as expected, with dyslipidemia (2.19; 95% CI, 1.54–3.12; P<.0001), peripheral arterial disease (2.61; 95% CI, 1.77–3.85; P<.0001), microalbuminuria (3.03; 95% CI, 1.91–4.82; P<.0001), and abnormal electrocardiographic findings (3.06; 1.68; 95% CI, 2.08–4.48; P<.0001). This large cohort study showed that more than 1 of 4 treated hypertensive patients have subclinical CAD. These study data should be clinically helpful in selecting hypertensive patients who are the most suitable candidates to screen for the presence of CAD.
Applying the strategy of concept cartoon argument instruction to empower the children ’ s argumentation ability in a remote elementary science classroom

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect s of concept cartoon argument instruction on the students’ argumentation. The one -group pretest-posttest design was adopted in this research. The subjects were 21 uppe r graders in a remote elementary school. Based on the strategy of concept cartoon, a n experimental argument instruction was provided during six consecutive wee ks. The self-designed “paper-and-pencil test on argumentation ability” we re used in this study. The results indicated that applying the concept cartoon strateg y to argument instruction could enhance the students’ argumentation ability. Howeve r, students in the highand mid-score groups outperformed students outperformed than the students in the low-score group. With the increase of familiarity w ith the instruction, all the three groups showed decreasing difference in their postte st p rformance. Based on finding above, it is suggested that in the implementation o f argument instructions, teachers should take into account their students’ disciplina ry knowledge and experience, so as to enhance their learning effectiveness.
Floods and Farmers: Evidence from the Field in Thailand

This paper studies the impacts of the 2011 flood on preferences, subjective expectations, and behavioral choices among Thai rice-farming households. Our results show that experiencing the 2011 flood made farming households more risk averse, more impatient, and more altruistic, and that asset-poor farming households were more likely to be affected by the flood than better-off households. The flood also made households adjust upward their subjective expectations of future severe floods. After being hit by the 2011 flood, households lost their confidence in social safety nets, signifying the limitations of risk-sharing in the presence of covariate shocks. Middle-income households who were not prone to floods had higher expectations of public insurance following the flood. Mediating through the changes of preferences and subjective expectations, the flooded households were less likely to save money and engage in self-insurance mechanisms, as well as to invest in productive investments, but more likely to take out commercial crop insurance, especially those in the bottom and middle wealth groups. These findings shed light on the design of incentivecompatible safety nets and development interventions.
Vitamin D Status in Blount Disease

Introduction: Blount disease can be defined as idiopathic proximal tibial vara. Several etiologies including the mechanical theory have been described. Obesity is the only causative factor proven to be associated with Blount disease. The aim of this study is to assess if there is an association of vitamin D deficiency and Blount disease. Methods: This a retrospective study of preoperative and postoperative patients with Blount disease who were screened for vitamin D deficiency. Patients with genu varum due to confirmed vitamin D deficiency and rickets were excluded. The study patients had the following blood tests done: calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) hormones. Results: We recruited 50 patients. The mean age of these patients was 10.4 years (SD±3.88) with average body mass index of 28.7 kg/m2 (±10.2). Thirty (60%) patients were diagnosed with infantile, 4 (8%) juvenile, and 16 (32%) adolescent Blount disease. Eight (16%) patients were found to be vitamin D deplete (25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L). Of these, 8 patients, 6 were insufficient (25(OH)D levels between 30 and 50 nmol/L) and the other 2 were deficient (25(OH)D levels <30 nmol/L). Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with Blount disease was similar to that of healthy children living in Johannesburg. There is no evidence that vitamin D deficiency is a factor in causing Blount disease. Level of Evidence: Level III—retrospective study.
Beyond narrative: Is there an implicit structure to the way in which adults organise their discourse?

Abstract Understanding the structure of discourse in healthy adults is fundamental to the assessment and diagnosis of discourse level impairments in clinical populations and the development of effective treatment regimes. Exploring discourse genre in healthy speakers that extend beyond the traditional narrative is equally paramount in facilitating maximum impact of clinical interventions in everyday speaking contexts. This study aimed to characterise the discourse of 30 healthy adult speakers across three age groups (20–39, 40–59 and 60+ years) and four discourse genres (recount, procedural, exposition and narrative), drawing on discourse frameworks used in classroom teaching. A clinically useful discourse protocol and analytic procedure using SALT was developed that profiled the macrostructure and key aspects of linguistic microstructure of the different genres, exploring coherence and cohesion within and across genre in a systematic manner. Analyses considered whether there were differences in coherence and cohesion among the different age groups, different genres and specific topics. Results showed that, while individual variability was present, healthy adults structured their discourse consistently, adhering to the frameworks described in the developmental literature, across all four genres. Significant age differences were only seen in the amount of information contained in the body of the discourse (i.e. events, steps or statements offered) with older participants offering less information. This dataset will enable comparisons to be drawn with clinical populations to determine the utility and the feasibility of the use of this framework for diagnosis and intervention.
Migrant children and school cultures: A suggestion for inclusion

Bu makale, Turkiye’de yogun goc almakta olan Guneydogu Anadolu Bolgesi’ndeki okullarda, gocmen cocuklarin okullara dâhil edilmesine yonelik olarak idarecilerin dusunce, inanc ve tutumlarini inceleyen nitel bir arastirmanin sonuclarini bildirmektedir. Arastirma ozelde, okul yoneticilerinin gocmen cocuklarin kendi okullarinda egitilmesine yonelik tutumlarini, bu egitimin onunde duran ve okul ikliminden kaynaklanan engelleri ve gocmen cocuklarin kendini ait hissettikleri butunlestirici okul iklimleri insa edilebilmesi icin egitim sistemindeki mevcut firsatlari ortaya koymayi amaclamistir. Arastirmada, 18 okul yoneticisinden nitel arastirma yontemlerinden olan yari-yapilandirilmis gorusmeler kullanilarak veri toplanmis ve bu veriler tematik analiz yontemiyle cozumlenmistir. Arastirma sonucunda (i) okul yoneticilerinin gocmen cocuklara ayristirilmis ortamlarda egitim verilmesini destekledigi ve kendi okullarinda egitim gormelerine dair olumsuz tutumlar besledigi, (ii) yapisal yetersizliklerin ve dusuk toplumsal kabul duzeyinin gocmen cocuklarin egitimine yonelik olumsuz tutumlari onemli olcude etkiledigi ve (iii) butunlesik okul kulturlerinin olusmasi icin paydaslarin psiko-sosyal ve yapisal anlamda desteklenmesi gerektigi ortaya cikmistir. ENGLISH ABSTRACT Migrant children and school cultures: A suggestion for inclusion This article reports on the findings of an empirical research investigating the thoughts, beliefs and attitudes towards the inclusion of migrant children in the South-eastern region of Turkey which is currently exposed to intensive migration waves. Specifically, the article explores the attitudes of school administrators towards the education of migrant children in their schools, the barriers to this education stemming from the school culture and the opportunities in the education system to build inclusive school cultures in which migrant children can feel belonging to. The research employed 18 school administrators, utilized semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data and analyzed them through thematic analysis. Findings showed that (a) school administrators supported education of migrant children in segregated environments and possessed negative attitudes towards their education in public schools; (b) structural limitations and low social acceptance levels affected the negative attitudes towards the education of migrant children and (c) stakeholders needed to be provided with psycho-social and structural support in order to establish inclusive school cultures.
Idiopathic‐generalized epilepsy shows profound white matter diffusion—tensor imaging alterations

Idiopathic‐generalized epilepsy (IGE) is currently considered to be a genetic disease without structural alterations on conventional MRI. However, voxel‐based morphometry has shown abnormalities in IGE. Another method to analyze the microstructure of the brain is diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI). We sought to clarify which structural alterations are present in IGE and the most frequent subsyndrome juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).
Aging effect on neutral amino acid transport at the blood-brain barrier measured with L-[2-18F]-fluorophenylalanine and PET.

UNLABELLED Neutral amino acids (NAAs) are transported from the blood to the brain using the same carrier system in a competitive fashion. The purpose of this study is to establish a method for evaluating neutral amino acid transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in humans and to examine the aging effect of amino acid transport. METHODS A dynamic PET study with L-(2-18F)-fluorophenylalanine (18F-Phe) was performed in 14 normal volunteers (age 21-71 yr; mean +/- s.d., age range 48.0 +/- 17.1 yr). By using a two-compartment model analysis and a weighted integration technique, the influx rate constant K1, the efflux rate constant k2 and distribution volume Vd of 18F-Phe were estimated in various brain structures. RESULTS The value of K1 was inversely correlated with plasma NAA concentration (r = -0.69, p < 0.01). The cerebellum showed the highest value of K1, while the white matter showed the lowest. There was no significant change in K1 during aging. The value of k2 was significantly increased with age. CONCLUSION No decline of K1 during aging indicated that NAA transport from the blood to the brain is a limiting process of age in amino acid incorporation. Fluorine-18-Phe PET imaging is a feasible method to study NAA transport at the BBB in vivo in humans and can be applied to pathological conditions of the brain.
Causes and Significance of Markedly Elevated Serum Ferritin Levels in an Academic Medical Center

Objective A markedly elevated serum ferritin level has been associated with inflammatory conditions such as adult-onset Still’s disease, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. Hyperferritinemia, however, can also be caused by a wide variety of disparate conditions, often with impressively high serum levels. The objective of this analysis was to investigate the underlying etiology of markedly elevated ferritin levels in a large group of patients treated as outpatients and inpatients in a tertiary-care medical center. Methods Data of all adult patients from 2008 through 2010 with at least 1 serum ferritin level greater than 1000 &mgr;g/L were reviewed. If a patient had multiple qualifying levels, the highest one was used. For each case, the most likely cause of the elevated ferritin was assessed based on the available clinical data using a simple algorithmic approach. Results Six hundred twenty-seven patients were found. The average serum ferritin level was 2647 &mgr;g/L. The most frequent condition was malignancy (153/627), with iron-overload syndromes the second most common (136/627). There were 6 cases of adult-onset Still’s disease, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. The average ferritin level in these syndromes was 14242 &mgr;g/L. Seven patients appeared to have anemia of chronic inflammation, and in 5 patients, there was no clearly definable cause for hyperferritinemia. Conclusions Although extremely elevated ferritin levels may be associated with rheumatologic diseases, more often they are found in patients with other conditions such as malignancy or infection. In addition, extremely high ferritin levels can be found in patients with seemingly indolent disease or levels of chronic inflammation.
Pathway(s) to inclusive development in Ghana : oil, subnational-national power relations and ideas

The discovery of commercial quantities of oil and gas resources in the Gulf of Guinea and parts of East Africa has once again raised expectations that sustained development will emerge in one of the world’s poorest regions. At the same time there is great concern that Africa’s new resource-rich countries will succumb to the so-called resource curse phenomenon because of their generally weak governance institutions. In response to this challenge, the international community has intensified its efforts to promote good governance mechanisms in such countries, focused on transparency and accountability, and informed by a dominant institutionalist literature which argues that the differences in resource governance outcomes can be explained by the differences in institutional design and performance. A recent turn to politics in both the development and resource curse literature has begun to move the research agenda beyond the primacy of institutions to look at the politics that underpin the emergence and performance of institutions. This is particularly evidenced in the emerging literature on political settlements that emphasise the distribution of power amongst social groups in society and how these power relations shape institutions and in turn development outcomes. This new political lens is helping to deepen analysis of how and why resource-rich countries prevent or succumb to the resource curse and provides an opportunity to interrogate the inclusive development prospects of Africa’s new oil-rich countries. In this thesis, I apply and extend the political settlement approaches by incorporating ideational and spatial dynamics, to analyse the prospect of inclusive development outcomes in Ghana where oil and gas resources were discovered in 2007. Focusing on the power relations between and amongst national elites and elites in the oil producing Western Region, I interrogate the ways in which the spatial dynamics of Ghana’s prevailing competitive clientelist political settlement is shaping the governance of the oil sector, and the implications it has for inclusive development. I find that at the onset of a resource boom, the dynamics of local politics, and the dominant incentives and ideas generated by the political settlement has strongly shaped the content and enforcement of Ghana’s foundation institutions to manage the oil sector, in ways that reinforces the preoil settlement around the governance of natural resources and undermines the long-term prospects for inclusive development. At the same time, the oil boom has also been accompanied by the increased use of formal institutions and suggests that Ghana may be moving away from personalised to more programmatic forms of clientelism.
A conversational robot with vocal and bodily fillers for recovering from awkward silence at turn-takings

When there is a lull in conversation, many people feel awkward and make sounds, such as “ummm” (a vocal filler), or stroke their chins or other parts of their bodies (a bodily filler). These fillers suggest the intent to recommence and continue the conversation. Thus, the purpose of conversation is to facilitate the sharing of beneficial information as well as a comfortable moment with an interlocutor. In this manner, a robot intended to help foster a comfortable or relaxing conversational atmosphere through interaction with a user (e.g., therapeutic robots) needs to be designed to convey such a cooperative demeanor to its human interlocutor. In this study, we analyze the effects of a robot's vocal and bodily fillers during awkward silences between turns in conversations with humans. The results of our study show that people feel awkward during silences, even when in conversation with a robot, and that the robot's conversational fillers help mitigate awkwardness and express a cooperative attitude in verbal interactions with people. Our experiments also revealed that subjects who were less socially adept reported feeling that their robot interlocutor was more sincere than its human counterpart.
Green Intentions Under the Blue Flag: Exploring Differences in EU Consumers’ Willingness to Pay More for Environmentally‐Friendly Products

Recent research on consumer social responsibility highlights the need to examine psychological drivers of environmentally-friendly consumption choices in a global context. This paper investigates consumers’ willingness to pay more (WTP) for environmentally-friendly products across 28 European Union (EU) countries, using a sample of 21,514 consumers. A Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling analysis reveals significantly different patterns and relationships, in how (a) subjective knowledge about the product’s environmental impact, (b) environmental product attitudes and (c) the perceived importance of the products’ environmental impact influence consumers’ WTP more for environmentally-friendly products across countries. The hypothesized model predicts WTP for 20 out of 28 countries and the findings show that a ‘one-fits-all’ approach is inadequate in capturing the heterogeneity of EU consumers. Hosfstede’s cultural dimensions of uncertainty tolerance and individualism explain differences in WTP for environmentally-friendly products across EU countries. Business, marketing communications, and policy making implications are discussed.
Meat quality characteristics of exotic and SPRD crossbred goats from the semiarid region

Thirty-two intact male goats from four genetic groups (eight pure-bred Boers, eight ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbreeds, eight ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds, and eight ½ Anglo Nubian + ½ SPRD crossbreeds) were evaluated for meat quality. The goats were reared in confinement and slaughtered at the average live weight of 29 kg. Temperature and pH decrease in the longissimus dorsi muscle was determined for 24 hours, and analyses of colour, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and sensory attributes were also performed. Genotype significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the confinement period; ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds required the most time in confinement to reach the target weight, while the pure-bred Boers required the least time. Genotype also significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the weight loss due to cooking, shearing force, colour (intensity of yellowness and luminescence), and the sensory attributes of flavour, odour, and raw colour of the meat. The crossing of exotic Boer and Anglo Nubian breeds with the native SPRD resulted in a goat meat of high quality.
Predictors of Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Distress

SYNOPSIS Objective. The present study was designed to examine the extent to which mothers' emotional (i.e., empathy, negative emotions) and cognitive (i.e., accurate detection of distress, goals about infant crying, and emotion efficacy) responses to infant distress are related to maternal sensitivity in tasks designed to elicit infant distress. The author assessed mothers' emotional and cognitive responses to distress both prenatally in response to unfamiliar infants and postnatally in response to own infant. Also, the author examined the extent to which pre- and postnatal measures correlated with one another and with sensitivity to distress. Design. The author interviewed 101 mothers prenatally about their responses to videotapes of crying infants, then videotaped mothers interacting with their own infants at 6-months postpartum in 2 emotionally arousing tasks during which maternal sensitivity and infant distress were rated, and subsequently interviewed mothers about their thoughts and feelings during the emotionally arousing tasks using a video-recall procedure. Results. Mothers' pre- and postnatal goals in relation to infant distress and emotional reactions to infant distress were the most consistent predictors of sensitivity, but prenatal accurate detection of infant distress also predicted sensitivity. Furthermore, mothers' goals, emotional reactions to crying, and accurate distress detection buffered maternal sensitivity from the negative effect of observed infant distress. That is, infant distress was less strongly negatively associated with sensitivity when mothers had more infant-oriented goals, reported fewer negative emotions in response to infant crying, or were skilled at detecting infant distress. Conclusions. Assessing mothers' emotional and cognitive responses to infant distress provides insights into the origins of sensitivity to infant distress. The author discusses methodological issues relevant to assessing mothers' emotional and cognitive responses to infant distress.
Wholesale Funding Dry-Ups

We empirically explore the fragility of wholesale funding of banks, using transaction‐level data on short‐term, unsecured certificates of deposit in the European market. We do not observe a market‐wide freeze during the 2008 to 2014 period. Yet, many banks suddenly experience funding dry‐ups. Dry‐ups predict, but do not cause, future deterioration in bank performance. Furthermore, during periods of market stress, banks with high future performance tend to increase reliance on wholesale funding. We therefore fail to find evidence consistent with adverse selection models of funding market freezes. Our evidence is in line with theories highlighting heterogeneity between informed and uninformed lenders.
The incidence of borderline ovarian tumors in israel

In hospital‐based studies, one‐eighth of ovarian cancers have been considered borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). Population‐based data regarding the incidence of BOTs are lacking in the international literature. The authors' objectives were to measure the incidence of BOT in Israel and compare rates among ethnic groups (based on ethnic group and country of birth) for the years 1985‐1993.