Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FOOD UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN ANTHERAEA MYLITTA FED ON TERMINALIA ARJUNA LEAVES

Antheraea mylitta est un insecte produisant de la soie important sur le plan economique. On a etudie l'ecologie nutritionnelle de l'insecte en utilisant les feuilles de Terminalia arjuna comme source de nourriture. Pour avoir un apercu detaille sur l'utilisation de nourriture, on a procede a une mesure quotidienne de la matiere seche ingeree, des matieres fecales produites et du gain de biomasse par les larves. La valeur absolue par rapport a la matiere seche ingeree, digeree, a l'efficacite de conversion de la nourriture digeree et au gain de biomasse augmente avec la progression du developpement larvaire, tandis que le taux de consommation relative diminue. Le taux de croissance relative atteint son sommet pendant le 2 eme âge (0,488) et baisse significativement ensuite. Les resultats revelent que la larve ingere environ 95 a 96 % de son ingestion totale pendant les deux derniers âges et environ 99 % pendant les trois derniers âges et cela represente une production de biomasse similaire. La larve mâle consacre environ 92,38 % et la larve femelle environ 89,61 % de la nourriture digeree a la respiration, a la mue et a la transformation larve-nymphe et nymphe -adulte. Un total de 5,94 % et de 5,47 % de matiere seche ingeree est utilise pour la production de soie respectivement par le mâle et par la femelle, tandis qu'il n'y a que 2, 78 % qui sont consacres a la production d'œufs par la femelle. Au moment de la mort, environ 1,68 % et 2,14 % de la nourriture digeree reste respectivement dans le mâle et dans la femelle.
Height Aiding, C/N0 Weighting and Consistency Checking for GNSS NLOS and Multipath Mitigation in Urban Areas

Multiple global navigation satellite system (GNSS) constellations can dramatically improve the signal availability in dense urban environments. However, accuracy remains a challenge because buildings block, reflect and diffract the signals. This paper investigates three different techniques for mitigating the impact of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reception and multipath interference on position accuracy without using additional hardware, testing them using data collected at multiple sites in central London. Aiding the position solution using a terrain height database was found to have the biggest impact, improving the horizontal accuracy by 35% and the vertical accuracy by a factor of 4. An 8% improvement in horizontal accuracy was also obtained from weighting the GNSS measurements in the position solution according to the carrier-power-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0). Consistency checking using a conventional sequential elimination technique was found to degrade horizontal positioning performance by 60% because it often eliminated the wrong measurements in cases when multiple signals were affected by NLOS reception or strong multipath interference. A new consistency checking method that compares subsets of measurements performed better, but was still equally likely to improve or degrade the accuracy. This was partly because removing a poor measurement can result in adverse signal geometry, degrading the position accuracy. Based on this, several ways of improving the reliability of consistency checking are proposed.
Ectomycorrhizas in association with Pinus patula in Sabie, South Africa

Forestry is an economically important industry in South Africa, involving extensive exotic plantations of Eucalyptus, Pinus and Acacia species. These tree species have fungal associations, such as ectomycorrhizas, that have become locally naturalized. The forestry industry is increasingly faced with problems of long-term sustainability, increasing soil acidity and depletion of soil nutrients. It is, therefore, essential that the fundamental importance of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses in the nutrient cycling, growth, health and survival of these tree species should not be ignored. Research on the species diversity of ECM fungi associated with forestry plant species has been hampered by the difficulty of identifying the fungi involved in the symbiosis. This investigation focused on the ECM fungi associated with Pinus patula (Schlecht. et Cham.) grown in managed plantations in the Sabie region, Mpumalanga province, South Africa. ECM roots were morphotyped and DNA was extracted. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using the ITS 1F and ITS 4 primers. The sequences were BLASTed using the GenBank and UNITE databases. Twenty-seven extractions were successfully amplified representing 17 different morphotypes. Of the 27 sequences, 21 were identified as ECM fungi and, from the BLAST results, eleven different ECM species could be identified. Selected ECM root types were morphologically and anatomically described according to root morphology, mantle structure, specialized hyphae and rhizomorph arrangement. Seven dominant field types were described and identified as two Amanita species, Scleroderma citrinum, a suilloid species, Thelephora terrestris, a tometelloid species and one resembled an Albatrellus species.
Effects of three genotypes and two roughages in organic heavy pig production for dry fermented sausage manufacture 2. Meat quality, fatty acid pattern, and product quality

Castrated heavy pigs of > 160 kg body weight are used for dry fermented sausage manufacture due to the required fat quantity and quality. Today, most organic production systems use modern hybrids (Hy) with often insufficient fat features. The use of endangered breeds with high body fat synthesis capacity like Saddlebacks (Sa) could be an alternative with an additional benefit as to maintaining biodiversity. This study with a total of 132 castrates analysed the effects of three genotypes (Sa, Pietrain*Sa (PiSa), Hy) and two roughage sources (grass-clover silage, straw) on performance, carcass-, meat-, fat-, product-quality, and economic aspects. The present paper deals with meat quality (MQ), fatty acid pattern (FAP), and product quality of dry fermented sausage (PQ). MQ and FAP are both influenced significantly by the genotype but not to a noteworthy extent by the roughage source. Regarding MQ, all genotypes were well suited. Concerning FAP, critical poly-unsaturated fatty acid content of back fat required for the production of dry fermented sausages was exceeded by Hy (15.9 %) whereas Sa was best suited with the lowest mean content (11.9 %) under the trial’s particular feeding conditions. This suitability of the raw material for the production of dry fermented sausages can also be seen in PQ of the end-product: Sa sausages tend to have the best PQ whereas Hy tend to have the lowest PQ. PiSa always ranked in the middle for nearly all analysed criteria of MQ, FAP and PQ. Considering the good results of performance, carcass quality and economics of PiSa (1st communication), crossbreeding of Sa with a modern sire line seems to be the best way to ensure the survival of an old endangered pig breed via value creation by producing a premium pork speciality like dry fermented sausage.
The Cake-Eating Problem: Non-Linear Sharing Rules

Consider the most simple problem in microeconomics, a maximization problem with an additive separable utility function over bundles of two goods which provide equal sat- isfaction to an agent. Although simple, this framework allows for a very wide range of applications, from the Arrow-Debreu contingent claims case to the risk-sharing problem, including standard portfolio choice, intertemporal individual consumption, demand for in- surance and tax evasion. We show that any Engel curve can be generated through such a simple program and the necessary and suffi cient restrictions on the demand system to be the outcome of such a maximisation process. Moreover, we identify three classes of utility function that generate non-linear sharing rules. The gap between the two expen- diture shares increases in absolute, average or marginal terms with the total amount of wealth, depending on whether DARA, DRRA and convex risk tolerance are considered. The extension of the different results to the case of more than two goods is provided.
Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency of Rubber Smallholders in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

The main objective of the study was to figure out, identify and analyse the technical efficiency of rubber smallholders’ production in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Multi-stage data collection procedures, comprising both purposive and random sampling techniques, were used. Using structured questionnaires, farm-level information with cross sectional data from five districts of Negeri Sembilan, were employed in the study. A parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), with a transcendental logarithmic (Translog) functional form, was used in the study. The descriptive statistics results revealed that, the mean rubber yield was 5465 kg while that of the seven inputs used include 1.2 ha, 602.7, 2.33, 363.6 kg, 13.0 lit, 13.2 man days and 2.47 respectively for farm size, task, farm tools, fertilizer, herbicides, labour and rubber clones.The inferential statistics showed that, the mean technical efficiency was found to be 0.73 with a standard deviation of 0.089. Thus, this translates that 27% accounted for technical inefficiency. Both the sigma square and gamma coefficients were found to be statistically significant at 1% level. The Log Likelihood Function (LLF) and the Log Rati (LR) test were found to be respectively 167.7 and 34.07. The results further revealed that, although none of the farms were found to be on the frontier, however, 9 farms were very near the frontier with efficiency score range between 0.90-0.99. And twenty (20) firms have range 0.80-0.90. Race, Tapping experience, household number and extension agent’s visits were found to be technically significant and are thus critical in determining technical efficiency of rubber smallholders in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Eurasian Hobby Density, Nest Area Occupancy, Diet, and Productivity in Relation to Intensive Agriculture

A Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo) population of 13-18 breeding pairs was studied for 6 years from 1987 to 1995 in a 62 km 2 study area located within the seasonal flood zones of the Po River plain in northern Italy and characterized by intensive farmland interspersed with poplar (Populus sp.) plantations. Five percent of breeding attempts (n = 78 over the whole period) failed because of clear cutting of the nest tree and 4% because of human disturbance associated with clear cutting of the nesting woodlot. Fledging success was negatively related to laying date. Year after year, the nests of each pair were found in restricted traditional nest areas, but not all nest areas were occupied every year, even if suitable woodlots were available within them. Occupation rate of nest areas was positively correlated with breeding success. The nestlings' avian diet was dominated by Swifts (Apus apus) and by Passer spp. , accounting for 53 and 25%, respectively of 317 identified prey items. The local Eurasian Hobby population appeared to have adapted fairly well to the intensively managed agroforestry system, with recorded density and productivity in the range reported for other European populations in less intensively cultivated areas. We did not detect any decline in average density and productivity with increasing levels of agricultural change in various European populations. Possible reasons for this species' successful reproduction in modern agricultural landscapes include timing of breeding, tolerance of habitat fragmentation and of human activities near to the nest, tolerance of proximity to neighbors, type of diet, and absence of important predators.
Assessing The Occurrence Of Maternal Mortality And Some Related Factors At Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

Maternal Mortality in Ghana continues to be a major public health problem despite many strategies devised by the international community to reduce it. The United Nations (UN, 2009) reports indicates that more than 1500 women die each day from pregnancy related causes resulting in an estimated figure of 550,000 maternal deaths annually. This paper applies logistic regression model to determine the key factors that have significant effect to predicting the occurrence or non-occurrence of maternal mortality incidence. An annual maternal mortality data from 2007 to 2012 from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) was analyzed. The results showed that AGE, PARITY and GRAVIDA contributes significantly to the occurrence of maternal mortality.
Avaliação da incorporação de água exógena em suco de uva elaborado por diferentes processos

Os sucos de uva podem ser elaborados por diferentes processos, entre eles destacam-se as panelas extratoras por arraste de vapor que sao utilizadas principalmente por agroindustrias e pequenos produtores. Estes sucos sao de excelente qualidade, porem tem gerado discussoes em relacao a nao concessao ou renovacao do registro desses produtos pelo Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento (MAPA), que alega a possibilidade de incorporacao de agua proveniente do vapor que e utilizado para extracao do suco. Por esta razao e para que estes sucos continuem sendo uma fonte de renda para as agroindustrias e pequenos produtores e sejam bem aceitos no mercado, torna-se necessario o conhecimento aprofundado das caracteristicas e da composicao dos mesmos. Neste trabalho foram estudados uvas e sucos das variedades Isabel, Bordo e Concord, durante as safras de 2011 e 2012, elaborados atraves de trocador de calor, panelas extratoras e panelas extratoras com adaptacao, com o objetivo de determinar a quantidade de agua incorporada e os teores de resveratrol e compostos fenolicos totais dos sucos de uva produzidos por estes processos. Realizou-se analise da razao isotopica do oxigenio (18O/16O) e razao isotopica de carbono (13C/12C) atraves de espectrometria de massa, resveratrol por cromatografia liquida e analises fisico-quimicas classicas conforme metodologias oficiais do MAPA. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que nos sucos elaborados por trocador de calor nao ocorreu incorporacao de agua. Os sucos de panela extratora apresentaram uma incorporacao de agua media de 16% enquanto que os sucos elaborados por panela extratora adaptada a um sistema de extracao de vapor foi de 6%, quando comparados ao °Brix. Levando-se em consideracao a razao isotopica do oxigenio nao foi possivel determinar a porcentagem de agua incorporada, devido ao fracionamento isotopico que ocorre no aquecimento das uvas durante o processo. Os sucos elaborados com a cultivar Bordo apresentaram maior concentracao de resveratrol e compostos fenolicos totais quando comparados ao suco da cultivar Isabel. Os teores de resveratrol dos sucos elaborados com panela extratora sao significativamente mais elevados que os sucos elaborados com trocador de calor para as duas variedades estudadas. O suco elaborado atraves das panelas extratoras, mesmo com uma pequena incorporacao de agua, e um suco de qualidade e a extracao de compostos fenolicos e resveratrol e significativa.
A control engineering approach to the assessment of supply chain resilience

There is no consensus on the supply chain management definition of resilience. To aid in evaluating the dynamic behaviour of such systems we need to establish clearly elucidated performance criteria that encapsulate the attributes of resilience. A literature review establishes the latter as readiness, responsiveness and recovery. We also identify robustness as a necessary condition that would complement resilience. We find that the Integral of the Time Absolute Error (ITAE) is an appropriate control engineering measure of resilience when it is applied to inventory levels and shipment rates. We use the ITAE to evaluate an often used benchmark model of make-to-stock supply chains consisting of three decision parameters. We use both linear and nonlinear forms of the model in our evaluation. Our findings suggest that optimum solutions for resilience do not yield a system that is robust to uncertainties in lead-time. Hence supply chains will experience drastic changes in their resilience performance when lead-time changes.
The Efficacy of compost, limestone and growth of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit, Senna siamea (Lam.) and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid. for the restoration of bacterial functional diversity in the rhizosphere in copper tailings and pyrite soils

The potential of compost, limestone and growth of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit, Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S Irwin & Barneby, and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid for the restoration of rhizospheric bacterial functional diversity of pyrite soil and copper tailings was assessed in the field. Pyrite soil and copper tailings were amended with limestone, compost followed by planting of experimental trees after homogenisation. The experimental setup was of split block design with site as a blocking factor; amendment application and growth of trees as the treatment factors. After 12 months of growth, background and rhizospheric pyrite and copper tailings were sampled and their physico-chemical characteristics analysed. The Community Level Physiological Profiles (CLPP) of the same samples were determined using Biolog EcoPlate ™ . The functional diversity was assessed from the Biolog data using various indices including Average Well Colour Development (AWCD), substrate richness (S) and Shannon-Wiener index ( H ). Background and rhizospheric untreated pyrite and copper tailings were extremely acidic, with low organic matter content, available phosphorous, total nitrogen, and relatively higher concentrations of available heavy metals and low bacterial functional diversity. Application of amendments and growth of the tree species effectively increased the pH, organic matter content, available phosphorous, total nitrogen, growth of understory plant species, bacterial functional diversity and lowered the available concentrations of heavy metals. AWCD, bacterial species diversity and richness were higher in rhizospheres of leguminous tree species than the non leguminous Eucalyptus grandis , suggesting the suitability of the former for remediation of pyrite and copper tailings. Keywords: efficacy, compost, restoration, bacterial functional diversity, rhizosphere, Biolog Ecoplate ™
Combining ability for yield and its components in sesame

Au cours d'une etude diallele 6 × 6 realisee afin d'evaluer la nature de l'aptitude a la combinaison en matiere de rendement et de ses composantes chez le sesame, on a observe que l'additivite joue un role preponderant en ce qui concerne le rendement et ses attributs. L'hybridation suivie d'inbreeding a donc ete proposee comme etant un procede utile pour l'amelioration des rendements. Les TMV 6, S 0549 et ACV 2 presentent la meilleure aptitude generale a la combinaison. La correlation entre la performance per se des parents, ainsi que leurs effets d'age montrent que la premiere represente un bon indicateur de leur aptitude a la combinaison [. ]
Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and Macrophomina phaseolina by Paecilomyces lilacinus and Bacillus subtilis alone and in combination on chickpea

Summary - Paecilomyces lilacinus and Bacil/us sublilis were used for the biocontrol of the root-rot disease complex of chickpea caused by Meloidogyne incognila race 3 and Maaoplwmina pJwseolina. Individually, P. li/acinus treatment was berrer against M. incognila while B. sublilis against M. pJwseolina. The combined inoculation of P. li/acinus and B. sublilis improved dry shoot weight significantly when plants were simultaneously inoculated either with M. incognila or M. pJwseolina or with both. Resume - Controle de Meloidogyne incognita race 3 et de Macrophomina phaseoli sur pois chiche par Paecilomyces lilacin.ls et Bacillus subtilis, seuls ou en cmnbinaison - Paecilomyces lllaclilus et B(uil/us subLilis sont utilises en vue du controle biologique d'une pourriture racinaire complexe du pois chiche causee par Meloidogyne incognila race 3 et Maerophomina phaseoli. Employes seuls, Paecilomyces li/acinus est meilleur contre Meloidogyne incognila et Baci/lus subtilis contre Macrophomina pJwseo/i. L'inoculation combinee de Paecilomyces liuu:inus et de Bacil/us subtilis augmente de facon significative le poids sec des racines lorsque les plantes sont inoculees, au meme moment, par Meloidogyne incogniz.a et MaeroplwminapJwseo! l~ seuls ou en combinaison.
Relationship between wages, labour productivity and unemployment rate in new EU member countries

e main aim of this article is to nd out the extent to which relative labour productivity and relative unemployment rate changes determine relative wage changes. We use average annual macro-data for the period 2002-2013 for Poland and other 5 new EU members: Estonia, Hungary, Slovak, Czech Republic and Slovenia. Using Poland as benchmark, rst we examine the correlation between wage, productivity and unemployment rate changes in countries in question. en, using panel data model we assess the elasticities of the relative wage changes with regard to relative productivity and unemployment changes. We found out that the trajectory of wage, productivity and unemployment rate development in new EU member countries is diversi ed. We con rmed a strong relationship between wage and productivity ratio changes in Poland related to Czech Republic, Estonia and Hungary. Moreover, an increase of productivity in Poland in comparison to Czech Republic is greater than an increase of wages in Poland in comparison to Czech Republic. e same relation occurs in Slovak and Slovak Republic. At the same time the productivity in Poland in relation to Hungary and Estonia has been growing slower than the wages in Poland in comparison to Hungary and Estonia. e correlations between wage and unemployment rate ratios are of smaller signi cance.
International experience and national contexts : Measuring attitudes towards the EU in cross-national research

Since the early nineties, public opinion on European topics has become increasingly important for the development of the integration process. This working paper focuses on two factors that influence attitudes towards the EU: international experience of individuals and national contexts. Although individuals who have contacts with other European countries and citizens tend to be more supportive of the EU, their attitudes, opinions and images also develop through their national cultures, which frame their way of perceiving things. To confirm the influence of both variables, this paper proposes an instrument for measuring international experience and tests it using data from two Eurobarometer surveys, carried out in 1997 and 2001. Results confirm the importance of international experience, especially for people with a high level of such experience, although individual experience is shaped by national contexts. Analyses show that national context is a key factor in understanding the support for or opposition to the integration process.