Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers on Breast Cancer Early Detection Methods.

OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women throughout the world. It is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths, after lung cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Turkey with a rate of 23,4%. One out of every four women has breast cancer. This study was conducted to determine the barriers on methods of early diagnosis of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research population consisted of women over the age of 40 years who live in the neighborhood of Doğanlar (N=2404). The sample size was determined (n=251) with Epi İnfo Statcalc account program with 95% confidence interval, with the incidence of breast cancer accepted as 24%. Women over the age of 40 years who agreed to participate were included in the study. In order to collect the necessary data, a 27-item questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics and methods of early diagnosis was created according to the literature. This study was conducted between March-October 2012 in Doğanlar neighborhood. RESULTS Two-hundred-fifty-four women participated in the study, with a mean age of 54,27±1, and an average monthly income of 895,0197 TL (min=0 TL, max=7000 TL). 79,1% were married, 89,8% were housewives, 56,7% were literate, and 83,1% had health insurance. The status of performing regular Breast Self Examination (BSE) was significantly higher in women who had knowledge about BSE, (p=0.000). Married (p=0.015) women and those who had a social security system (p=0.048) had significantly higher rates of mammography. Women who were informed on mammography (p=0.000) had significantly higher rates of mammography. When reasons for not getting mammography was addressed, it was observed that 99,2% was due to lack of information and education. Women who had regular BSE had significantly higher Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) (p=0.024). Women's sociodemographic characteristics did not affect the status of performing regular BSE and CBE significantly. CONCLUSION Barriers against implementation of breast cancer screening methods in women were related to level of education and lack of adequate information about breast cancer screening, and symptoms of breast cancer. Women's lack of information about signs, symptoms and treatment in the early stages of breast cancer needs to be eliminated. Health care providers may have a key role in increasing breast cancer early detection rates.
A Comparative Analysis between Knowledge and Bear Safety Information Utilization by Day Hikers in Glacier National Park

Zumstein, Phil, M.S., Spring, 2011 Recreation Management A Comparative Analysis between Knowledge and Bear Safety Information Utilization by Day Hikers in Glacier National Park Chairperson: Norma P. Nickerson The purpose of this study was to identify Glacier National Park backcountry day users’ bear safety information source utilization, obtain their knowledge level of bear safety, and identify any differences in knowledge level when compared to sources used. The results of this study were intended to provide park managers with a means to more effectively implement the park’s bear safety information program. The study was conducted within Glacier National Park in Montana during the summer of 2011. A survey was given to 540 backcountry day users during their day hikes within the park. A bear safety quiz section was included within the survey to obtain user knowledge level. The results indicated that backcountry users utilized Glacier National Park information sources more than any other source. Of the entire park provided information materials, text based information was found to be most commonly used to gain bear safety knowledge. Interpersonal communication methods such as ranger talks and conversations with park employees were also often utilized. Backcountry day users were found to know an average of 70 percent of the bear safety material provided by Glacier National Park. This indicates only a moderate level of bear safety knowledge held by park users who hike in bear inhabited areas. Respondents who primarily utilized Glacier National Park bear safety information were not more likely to have better knowledge than any other respondents. In fact, the highest knowledge level was of backcountry day users who primarily utilized bear safety information from other parks. When compared to those who mainly used other parks’ information, respondents who obtained their knowledge primarily from family and friends had a significantly lower bear safety knowledge level.
An Internet-Based Self-Help Program for the Treatment of Fear of Public Speaking: A Case Study

ABSTRACT This article discusses the development of the first totally self-administered online CBT program for the treatment of a specific social phobia (fear of public speaking) called talk to me. The online program includes three parts. The assessment protocol gives the patient information about the problem, including impairment, severity, and the degree of fear and avoidance regarding the main feared situations. The structured treatment protocol ensures that the patient does not skip any steps in the treatment. The treatment protocol is a CBT program that provides exposure to the feared situation using videos of real audiences. Finally, the control protocol assesses treatment efficacy, not only at posttreatment, but also at every intermediate step. In this work we describe talk to Me and its practical application through a case study.
Driving alone : Sydney's Cross City Tunnel

The cross city tunnel in Sydney has been a fairly spectacular failure as a Public Private Partnership – the operating company has gone into receivership less than 2 years after the tunnel opening in August 2005. The tunnel, built at a cost of about $800 million failed to attract the traffic required to meet interest payments. Even when use of the tunnel was free, the traffic did not approach the forecast traffic levels of 90,000 vehicles per day. The paper argues that the project was always a marginal one – the volume of traffic that needs to move east -west across the city is relatively small. This fundamental problem was exacerbated by the high cost of the toll ($3.56), the lack of traffic growth in the east of Sydney and the negative reaction of consumers against what they saw as Government attempts to force them to use the tunnel. Whilst a major difference of this project compared to earlier public-private partnerships (PPPs) is that the private partners bore most of the risk, the actions of the Government in breaking the terms of the original contract will expose them to higher risks and financing costs in the future. The issue for the private infrastructure sector is that the public views the project as a dismal failure and hence their appetite for future PPPs may be diminished. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E216382.
The Influence of β-Blockers on Delayed Memory Function in People With Cognitive Impairment

Adrenergic signaling is important for the retrieval of intermediate-term contextual and spatial memories. The role of norepinephrine in retrieval requires signaling through β1-adrenergic receptors in the hippocampus. Environmental cues activate the locus ceruleus, the main adrenergic nucleus of the brain, when an environmental stimulus is memorable. This leads to norepinephrine activation in the hippocampus, which is important for retrieving memories. Although β-blockers do not impair cognition in normal subjects, this article explores the possibility that central nervous system (CNS)-active β-blockers could affect delayed memory in patients with cognitive impairment. The authors investigated the influence of β-blockers on delayed memory function in cognitively impaired patients. There was a trend for worse delayed memory retrieval in patients who were on CNS-active β-blockers. These data support the notion that common medications used in cognitively impaired elderly patients can worsen cognition and that careful selection of medications may help to maximize retrieval of newly formed memories.
Bucco-lingual bone remodeling around implants placed into immediate extraction sockets: a case series.

BACKGROUND Implants placed immediately after tooth extraction have shown high percentages of clinical success. Few studies in the scientific literature have observed the horizontal bone remodeling in the buccal-lingual direction after immediate placement of implants. The aim of this study was to analyze bone healing and coronal bone remodeling around 15 implants placed immediately after tooth removal without the use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques. METHODS Ten patients received a total of 15 implants placed immediately after removal of 15 single-rooted teeth. All implants were placed within the alveolar confines, limiting, in most cases, small peri-implant bone defects. After implant placement, the distance from the buccal to lingual bone plate was measured. No membranes or filling materials were used. Primary flap closure was performed in all cases. RESULTS At second-stage surgery, all peri-implant defects were completely filled and the distance from buccal to lingual bone was measured again. The pattern of bone healing around the neck of immediate implants showed an absence of peri-implant defects and a narrowing of bone crest width in a buccal-lingual direction. The mean distance between buccal bone and lingual bone at the time of implant placement was 10.5 mm (+/- 1.52) and, at second-stage surgery, 6.8 mm (+/- 1.33). CONCLUSIONS The coronal bone remodeling around immediate implants showed a healing pattern with new bone apposition around the neck of the implants and, at the same time, bone resorption with horizontal width reduction of the bone ridge. The small peri-implant bone defects were completely healed without the use of GBR procedures. An absence of complications during the healing period was also observed, probably due to the absence of barrier membranes and grafting materials.
Pharmacoeconomic considerations of treating patients with advanced Parkinson's disease

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. In the later (advanced) stages of PD, the initial treatment of early PD becomes less effective and long-term side effects of dopaminergic treatment become apparent. In advanced PD, motor and non-motor complications occur, which increase treatment costs. Increasing disability and impaired activities of daily living concomitantly raise indirect costs, due to loss in productivity. Hence, the economic burden of advanced PD is substantial for both the society and the patients with their caregivers. Areas covered: A systematic literature search was performed involving the databases NHS CRD (National Health Service Centre for Reviews and Dissemination) and PubMed until July 15, 2011. “Parkinson” [Mesh] and “cost” were used as search terms in PubMed and only “Parkinson” in the CRD database. Expert opinion: Economic evaluations are scarce and heterogeneous, and their interpretation may be limited due to methodological shortcomings. Dopamine agonists, COMT and MAO-B inhibitors as well levodopa infusion and deep brain stimulation are reported to be cost-effective in the respective decision frameworks. However, these results are heavily dependent on assumptions of drug costs and effect sizes used in the models. More detailed real-life information from long-term clinical trials is needed to feed the economic models, especially for head-to-head comparisons. To date, no economic evaluation has been undertaken for possible neuroprotective/disease modifying effects, and further research is needed for evaluations of interventions for non-motor symptoms.
A set of multi-entry identification keys to African frugivorous flies (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Tephritid fruit flies, or "true" fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) include approximately 500 genera and 4800 valid species (Norrbom 2004), whose vast majority (95%) is represented by phytophagous species (reviewed in Aluja and Norrbom 1999). Among them, frugivorous flies represent approximately 25–30% of all tephritid species, occur in tropical and temperate regions of all continents except the Antarctic and are predominantly distributed in five main genera (Anastrepha Schiner, Rhagoletis Loew, Ceratitis MacLeay, Dacus Fabricius and Bactrocera Macquart). Frugivorous tephritids attack healthy fruit still on the tree. The larvae develop inside the fruit, feed on the plant tissues, and complete their developmental cycle in the soil. A relatively limited number (approximately 100) of frugivorous species are phytophagous pests whose larvae attack pulp and/or seeds of cultivated fruits and crops of agricultural importance. In Africa, damage on commercial fruits and crops is caused mainly by polyphagous species belonging to the genera Ceratitis, Dacus and Bactrocera (De Meyer et al. 2008; ZooKeys 428: 97–108 (2014) doi: 10.3897/zookeys.428. 7366 www.zookeys. org
Balance Theory Revisited: Relationship Issue Relevance Affects Imbalance-Induced Tension in Workplace Relationships

ABSTRACT The present work applies and extends balance theory by examining the role of relevance of issue to the relationship in balance theory processes within the context of workplace relationships. In Experiment 1, a sample of working adults (N = 81) reported greater job tension when self-supervisor dissimilarity involved a relationship-relevant (vs. non-relationship) ethical dilemma. In Experiment 2, a sample of working students (N = 185) who perceived greater self-supervisor dissimilarity about workplace (vs. family) ethics reported greater job tension, and in turn, less job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Perceiving dissimilarity with a work supervisor in attitudes about relationship-relevant issues may negatively affect outcomes at work. Importantly, these experiments demonstrated that not all dissimilarity is likely to yield negative outcomes; only relationship-relevant (vs. non-relevant) dissimilarity was a catalyst for imbalance-induced tension.
The Pilot Project ‘Soteria Berne’ Clinical Experiences and Results

We still do not know enough about the aetiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia, nor are the therapeutic methods generated by our definition of it satisfactory. Therefore, innovative approaches to treating schizophrenic patients, even if they only promise some partial progress, warrant consideration. The purpose of the pilot project ‘Soteria Berne’ is to assess the effectiveness of an open residential programme which has been providing mainly psychotherapy, sociotherapy, and milieu therapy instead of standard pharmacotherapy to about 60 acute schizophrenic patients for more than six years.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC ACID SALT SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED UTILIZATION IN PRACTICAL DIETS OF HYBRID TILAPIA ( ♀ O . Niloticus x ♂ O . aureus ) FINGERLINGS

A 84 day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium diformate NDF ® as commercial feed additives on growth performance and feed utilization of hybrid tilapia (♀ O. niloticus X ♂ O. aureus) fingerlings. Four treatments were applied; three levels of NDF ® (1 g kg -1 , 3 g kg -1 and 5 g kg -1 ) in addition to the control. The experimental diets containing (320 g kg -1 crude protein and 19.3 MJ GE) were applied into 24 fiberglass tanks, six replicate, stocked randomly with 25 hybrid tilapia fingerlings initial BW (15 ± 0.5 g) each. The efficiency of diformate supplementation was evaluated by parameters of growth response, crude protein (using body composition data). Generally, significant difference (P<0.05) were detected in growth performance with groups of fish fed on diets supplemented by NDF ® compared to the control group. The diet supplemented by 3 g kg -1 NDF ® had a mean final body weight 95.5g while control diet was 87.9 g. In terms of feed utilization, supplementation of 3 g kg -1 NDF ® showed a statistical significant (P<0.05) improvement in terms of FCR (1.28), PER (2.71) and PRE (40.3) compared with other groups of fish at various supplementation levels of organic acids salts and better than control. Apparent protein and lipid digestibility among fish groups fed the experimental diets supplemented by NDF ® improved significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control group. From these results it can be concluded that the dietary organic acids have the potential beneficial effects on growth and feed utilization in tilapia feeding.
Immunotherapy of the Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer, which we refer to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is the forth most common cause of cancer-realated-death disease. In 2010, there were 43,140 new cases and 36,800 patients died of pancreatic cancer in USA(1). Although surgical resection may be the only available treatment for this horrible disease, there are beyond 80% patients when dignosised cannot be cured by surgical treatment(2). In the past 50 years, despite of the progress in surgery skill, hospital morbidity and mortality rates were decreased from 59% and 24% to 36% and 2%, respectively(3) , in the patients received the most optimal surgical operation, the median survival ranged from 15 to 19 months, and 5-year survival rate was still approximately 20%(4). Even if Gemcitabine became the new standard of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer in 1997(5). The outcome of the pancreatic cancer is still dismal, overall five-year survival rate is blow 5%. With an increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer in the world and conventional treatments often have limited effects and substantial toxicity, a strong need exists for novel therapies. Biological approaches, including gene therapy and immunotherapy, which are targeting pancreatic cancer at a molecular or protein level, are rapidly evolving and seem to be promising strategies for this devastating and virtually unexceptionally lethal malignancy.
Fibrillar structure and mechanical properties of collagen.

Collagen type I is among the most important stress-carrying protein structures in mammals. Despite their importance for the outstanding mechanical properties of this tissue, there is still a lack of understanding of the processes that lead to the specific shape of the stress-strain curve of collagen. Recent in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments suggest that several different processes could dominate depending on the amount of strain. While at small strains there is a straightening of kinks in the collagen structure, first at the fibrillar then at the molecular level, higher strains lead to molecular gliding within the fibrils and ultimately to a disruption of the fibril structure. Moreover, it was observed that the strain within collagen fibrils is always considerably smaller than in the whole tendon. This phenomenon is still very poorly understood but points toward the existence of additional gliding processes occurring at the interfibrillar level.
Is activation of the renin-angiotensin system hazardous to your health?

This editorial refers to ‘Plasma renin activity predicts cardiovascular mortality in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study’, by S. Verma et al. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr066 Representing the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) as a villain contributing to cardiovascular morbid events has become a popular theme in recent years. This storyline has helped to explain the benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, and is supported by a rich array of trial data demonstrating that RAS activity is a predictor of adverse events. The story has been further enhanced by experimental data demonstrating that angiotensin exerts adverse effects on the heart and blood vessels that could account for the relationship between RAS activity and morbidity and mortality. On its face, therefore, the report by Verma et al. 1 merely expands that simple theme with another and somewhat unique population that had not previously been studied in this context. But is the story as simple and straight forward as we would like to think? Plasma renin activity (PRA) measurement as a guide to activity of the RAS and as a surrogate for angiotensin levels was popularized in the 1970s as a means of exploring the mechanisms of hypertension. Physiologically, of course, renin activity and angiotensin function to preserve sodium by enhancing renal sodium reabsorption. Low salt diets …
The Effect of Intellectual Capital Management on Organizational Competitive Advantage in Egyptian Hospitals

Aim-To test the effect of intellectual capital management on organizational competitive advantage in Egyptian hospitals. MethodThis study is a cross-sectional analytical study. The study was conducted in two hospitals (El-Nozha International Hospital and El-Demerdash Hospital). Study subjects consisted of three levels of management either nurses or physicians. (36) from El Nozha and (70) from El-Demerdash hospital. Results– Structural capital and competitive advantage variables of the study were high and very high means. Also, human capital high significantly and positively correlated with competitive advantage (r = 0.79, p<.01), while it was (r = 0.73, p< .01) in structural capital and (r = 0.88, p< .01) in relational capital. ConclusionThere was strong positive and high significantly (r = 0.79, p<.01), (r = 0.73, p< .01) and (r = 0.88, p< .01) correlation between human capital, structural capital and relational capital respectively with competitive advantage.
The subarcsecond mid-infrared view of local active galactic nuclei – II. The mid-infrared–X-ray correlation

We present an updated mid-infrared (MIR) versus X-ray correlation for the local active galactic nuclei (AGN) population based on the high angular resolution 12 and 18? m continuum fluxes from the AGN subarcsecond MIR atlas and 2–10 keV and 14–195 keV data collected from the literature. We isolate a sample of 152 objects with reliable AGN nature and multi-epoch X-ray data and minimal MIR contribution from star formation. Although the sample is not homogeneous or complete, we show that our results are unlikely to be affected by significant biases. The MIR–X-ray correlation is nearly linear and within a factor of 2 independent of the AGN type and the wavebands used. The observed scatter is <0.4 dex. A possible flattening of the correlation slope at the highest luminosities probed (? 1045? erg s? 1) towards low MIR luminosities for a given X-ray luminosity is indicated but not significant. Unobscured objects have, on average, an MIR–X-ray ratio that is only ? 0.15? dex higher than that of obscured objects. Objects with intermediate X-ray column densities (22 < log? NH < 23) actually show the highest MIR–X-ray ratio on average. Radio-loud objects show a higher mean MIR–X-ray ratio at low luminosities while the ratio is lower than average at high luminosities. This may be explained by synchrotron emission from the jet contributing to the MIR at low luminosities and additional X-ray emission at high luminosities. True Seyfert 2 candidates do not show any deviation from the general behaviour suggesting that they possess a dusty obscurer as in other AGN. Double AGN also do not deviate. Finally, we show that the MIR–X-ray correlation can be used to investigate the AGN nature of uncertain objects. Specifically, we give equations that allow us to determine the intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosities and column densities for objects with complex X-ray properties to within 0.34 dex. These techniques are applied to the uncertain objects of the remaining AGN MIR atlas, demonstrating the usefulness of the MIR–X-ray correlation as an empirical tool.