Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Market Reaction Around Ex-Dates of Stock Splits Before and After Decimalization

This paper examines the stock price behavior around the ex-split dates both before and after the decimalization on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). We find that the abnormal ex-split day returns decrease and the abnormal trading volume increases in the 1/16th and decimal pricing eras, relative to the 1/8th pricing era. These findings are consistent with the microstructure-based explanations for the ex-day price movements. Our study also supports the hypothesis that short-term traders perform arbitrage activities during the ex-split dates when transaction costs become lower after the tick size is reduced.
Exploring the difference between Turkish and Bosnian students in Triangular Love scale

Numerous studies show that different cultures experience emotions. Some cultures tend to express emotions without restrictions while some others try to suppress the expression of emotions. These differences are particularly more manifest when Eastern and Western cultures are compared. The fact that definition of love differs between different cultures makes it difficult to determine cultural differences in the concept of love. This might serve as a basis of prejudices about some nations in relation to how they perceive love. The main aim of this study is to explore differences between Turkish and Bosnian students on love scale. The term love is operationalized by Sternberg's triangular theory of love scale which includes intimacy, passion and commitment component of love. Using quasi-experimental design we tested gender differences, the length of current relationship and correlation between them on overall scale and individual subscales. The sample consisted of 87 Turkish (22 males and 65 females) and 64 Bosnian students (23 males and 41 females) total 151 students (N=151). Results of the study show statistically significant differences between Turkish and Bosnian students on two dimensions in Sternberg triangular love scale intimacy and passion. Bosnian students scored higher on these subscales. Study results suggest that there is no statistically significant differences between males and females in any subscale. The length of love relationship is positively correlated with intimacy, which indicates that the length of connections weakly associated with intimacy, and that is not associated with the passion and the decision of commitment, suggesting longer relationship does not mean more romantic relationship, and vice versa
Climate Change; Farmers' Awareness, Perceptions and Responses in Lagos State

Climate change has been a major challenge to agricultural development in most parts of the world with growing concerns about its impact on food supply and security. This report examines what farmers in urban Lagos, Nigeria (West Africa) think about climate change and how it affects their agricultural activities. The study was carried out in four local government areas of Lagos state, Nigeria; Epe, Ojo, Ikorodu and Alimosho, involving 105 farmers. Our result showed that the level of awareness of changing climate in Lagos has increased, but a large number of farmers still lack good understanding of the concept of climate change. About 30% of the farmers understood what climate change is, 38% think it is natural and nothing could be done about it, some farmers also think climatic conditions will soon return to what they were before. Our survey showed that younger farmers with higher education background understood what climate change is all about while older farmers do not really understand but have been able to develop some adaptation measures based on experience.
Quality-seed Production Through Effective and Viable Farmer`s Associations

A study was conducted for quality seed production for cotton wheat and barley by organizing effective and viable farmer's association. Purity of the seed produced by these groups was 1 percent higher than certified and 2.10 percent higher than basic seed standards fixed by Federal Seed Certification Department. Farmer's of these associations were able to increase their income by 41 percent through increased the yield about 0.21 t haG or 16 percent in case of cotton and 0.85 t haG, (7 to 24%) in case of wheat and barley.
INFLUENCE OF DOMAIN SHIFT FACTORS ON DEEP SEGMENTATION OF THE DRIVABLE PATH OF AN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE

Abstract. One of the biggest challenges for an autonomous vehicle (and hence the WEpod) is to see the world as humans would see it. This understanding is the base for a successful and reliable future of autonomous vehicles. Real-world data and semantic segmentation generally are used to achieve full understanding of its surroundings. However, deploying a pretrained segmentation network to a new, previously unseen domain will not attain similar performance as it would on the domain where it is trained on due to the differences between the domains. Although research is done concerning the mitigation of this domain shift, the factors that cause these differences are not yet fully explored. We filled this gap with the investigation of several factors. A base network was created by a two-step finetuning procedure on a convolutional neural network (SegNet) which is pretrained on CityScapes (a dataset for semantic segmentation). The first tuning step is based on RobotCar (road scenery dataset recorded in Oxford, UK) while afterwards this network is fine-tuned for a second time but now on the KITTI (road scenery dataset recorded in Germany) dataset. With this base, experiments are used to obtain the importance of factors such as horizon line, colour and training order for a successful domain adaptation. In this case the domain adaptation is from the KITTI and RobotCar domain to the WEpod domain. For evaluation, groundtruth labels are created in a weakly-supervised setting. Negative influence was obtained for training on greyscale images instead of RGB images. This resulted in drops of IoU values up to 23.9 % for WEpod test images. The training order is a main contributor for domain adaptation with an increase in IoU of 4.7 %. This shows that the target domain (WEpod) is more closely related to RobotCar than to KITTI.
An end to poverty? : a historical debate

The debate on world poverty and globalisation is one which began two centuries ago in the wake of the French Revolution. A major historian traces the history of those arguments and relates them to current discussions and policies. In the 1790s there was a fundamental shift in attitudes to poverty (led by Condorcet and Tom Paine), one which believed that poverty could be alleviated or even eliminated, by moving towards a society in which, in Paine's words, we would no 'longer see age going to the workhouse and youth to the gallows'; one in which many disadvantages would be relieved by right. Such thinking was robustly countered by Christian evangelicals. But it surfaced again from the late nineteenth century, forming the ideas of social reformers such as the Webbs and Edwardian thinkers about the welfare state. The book is published to coincide with the Anglo-American Historical Conference on 'Wealth and Poverty'.
Removal of Methylene Blue by Iron Terephthalate Metal-Organic Framework/Polyacrylonitrile Membrane

MIL-53(Fe)/PAN membrane is a mixture comprises iron terephthalate metal-organic framework on polyacrylonitrile, which were fabricated through the phase inversion method. The adsorption property of the MIL53(Fe)/PAN was evaluated in batch condition over various concentration of methylene blue (MB) in water and without pH adjustment. The effect of MIL-53(Fe) to PAN ratio, initial MB concentration, and contact time to the degree of MB removal was investigated. This study reveals that as low as l g/L of the membrane with 1:5 of the MIL-53(Fe) to PAN ratio was capable of removing about 70% of the 15-ppm MB in 5 hours. The adsorption data, on the other hand, was best fit to the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first order kinetics models suggesting multilayer adsorption between the membrane and the MB with physisorption dominating the entire process. Hence, MIL-53(Fe)/PAN membrane is a potential material for environmental remediation and pollution control.
Evolution of fractality in magnetized plasmas

We studied the temporal evolution of fractality for geomagnetic activity, by calculating fractal dimensions from Dst data and from an MHD shell model for a turbulent magnetized plasma, which may be a useful model to study geomagnetic activity under solar wind forcing. We show that the shell model is able to reproduce the relationship between the fractal dimension and the occurrence of dissipative events, but only in a certain region of viscosity and resistivity values. We also present preliminary results of the application of these ideas to the study of the magnetic field time series in the solar wind during magnetic clouds. Results suggest that the fractal dimension is able to characterize the complexity of the magnetic cloud structure.
COATING OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) FRUITS WITH BOTANICAL EDIBLE OILS FOR SHELF LIFE AND FRUIT FLIES

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit is a popular nutritious dessert in Sudan. It is famous for its medicinal values as a prompt cure for digestive disorders and respiratory ailness this besides being a rich source of C vitamin. This fruit is highly amenable to fruit fly attack and it is a harbor of eggs of five different species [Ceratitis capitata Wied. ; Ceratitis quinaria Bez. ; Ceratitis cosyra Wlk. ; Bactrocera invadens De Trusta and White and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders)] in Sudan. This is stimulating to a chain of endless research to combat these notorious pests which account for huge losses in this crop that reach up to 80% or even more. This research aimed at evaluating the effect of oil coating on fruit fly infestation and the quality indexes in guava fruit using five different botanical edible oils. The results showed that groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (GNO), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (SO), baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) (BO), olive (Olea europaea L.) (OO) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) (NO) oils effected a corrected disinfestation of 80, 72, 56, 52 and 28% in test fruits brought from Kadaro orchards North Khartoum, respectively. The corresponding average readings of maggots in infested fruits were 4, 17, 11, 5, 7 and [10 (for the first 4) and 26 for NO] in the control. Two essential quality indexes were checked in test fruits which included fruit color (FC) and firmness (FF). The corrected test readings reflected 64, 80, 44, 52,-4 and [8 (for the first 4) and 20 for NO] in the control sustained FC for GNO, SO, BO, OO, NO and the control, respectively. However, the corresponding readings for FF were 3 (medium) for all oils and 4 (soft) for the controls. These results reflect a potent and the best efficacy of peanut and sesame oils, of the five test oils, in controlling fruit flies in guava and extending its shelf life.
Dynamic characteristics of muscle in preadolescent boys

The purposes of this study were to determine dynamic characteristics of muscle in preadolescent boys from relationship of isometric, concentric and eccentric torque, and effects of growth and development in dynamic characteristics of muscle. Thirteen healthy boys performed maximal efforts of elbow fl exion to obtain maximal torque during isometric, concentric and eccentric action. Electromyographic activities of biceps brachii and brachioradialis were also recorded to measure motor unit activation (MUA) during maximal efforts. To determine the dynamic characteristics of muscle in preadolescent boys, maximal isometric (P0), concentric (PCON) and eccentric torque (PECC) were analyzed by Hill equation and repeated one-way ANOVA. As a result, relative eccentric torque (PECC /P0), which showed 1.19±0.23, was obviously lower than that of adults, and it appeared to stem from the fact that the boys showed less than 1.0 PECC/P0. To determine the individuality of PECC/P0, subjects were divided into two groups by PECC/P0 above 1.0 (high group) or under 1.0 (low group) and then MUA of both groups were compared by repeated two-way ANOVA (group × region of muscle). Consequently the activation level in both regions of muscles of the low group was signifi cantly lower than the high group, and there was no signifi cant interaction. Therefore, it is suggested that the dynamic characteristics of muscle in preadolescent boys are similar to those of adults during isometric and concentric action, and there are effects of growth and development on characteristics of muscle in boys during eccentric action.
The Increasing Incidence of Imposex in "Stramonita haemastoma" (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae) after the Estaqblishment of the Pecém Harbor, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil

Imposex is characterized by the development of masculine sexual organs in neogastropod females, caused by organotin contamination of the seawater. These compounds, as tributyltin (TBT), are used world-wide as biocidal agents in antifouling paints, commonly used to covering boats and off shore metallic structures. Five sampling sites were determined along the coast of Ceara State, Northeast Brazil in March 2001. In each site were collected 50 adults of neogastropod Stramonita haemastoma and indexes that quantify imposex (% imposex, RPLI, RPSI and VDSI) were observed. Other two collecting times were conducted (April 2003 and March 2004) at the same sites and imposex indexes were observed again. The indexes observed in the three collecting times showed an increase in the incidence of imposex at the sampling sites, probably caused by the establishment of Pecem Harbor and its increasing shipping activities INTRODUCTION Imposex is characterized by the development of masculine sexual organs, like penis and vas deferens, in neogastropod females (Smith, 1971). This abnormality is a consequence of an endocrine disruption induced by marine environment contamination by tin organic compounds, as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), (Morcillo & Porte, 1999; Depledge & Billinghurst, 1999). These compounds are used world-wide as biocidal agents in antifouling paints, commonly used to covering boats and off shore metallic structures. The use of TBT and/or TPT-based antifouling paints started during the 60's, when it was known that these compounds had biocidal action and we can find the first report of harmful effects of these paints during the 70's (Alzieu et al., 1982; Ruiz et al., 1996). Nowadays, more than 70% of world's fleet (Champ, 2000) is still using organotin copolymers, releasing approximately 4ug/cm2 of tin compounds per day to the seawater (Horiguchi et al., 1994). Morphological changes induced by imposex are very visible, so, they became an important way to detect marine ecosystems contamination by organotin compounds. This kind of detection was done in England, where the study of imposex in Nucella lapillus allowed a large monitoring of TBT 1Laboratorio de Zoobentos, Instituto de Ciencias do Mar (LABOMAR)/Universidade Federal do CearaAv. da Abolicao, 3207 Bairro Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Email: italo_braga@yahoo.com. br 2Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos LIMCe Universidade Federal do Ceara, Centro de Ciencias, Departamento de Biologia, Campus do Pici, 60455-970, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Thalassas, 2005, 21 (2): 71-75 An International Journal of Marine Sciences
Combined effects of once-daily milking and feeding level in the first three weeks of lactation on milk production and enzyme activities, and nutritional status, in Holstein cows

Effets de la traite une fois par jour combinee au niveau d'alimentation pendant les trois premieres semaines de la lactation sur la production et les activites enzymatiques du lait, et l'etat nutritionnel, chez des vaches Holstein. Vingt-quatre vaches multipares ont ete reparties des le velage en 4 lots, selon un schema factoriel 2 x 2: 2 frequences de traite (1 traite par jour pendant les 3 premieres semaines de lactation, puis 2 traites par jour vs. 2 traites par jour en permanence) x 2 concentrations energetiques de la ration (normale ou basse). L'essai a dure en moyenne 30 semaines et s'est termine au pâturage, le 28 mai 2000. Pendant la periode hivernale, les vaches etaient logees ensemble dans une stabulation libre a logettes et recevaient a volonte une ration complete. La traite omise etait celle du soir. Les vaches non traites ont emis significativement plus de vocalisations que les temoins autour de la traite omise, et elles ont ete plus nombreuses a perdre du lait. La traite 1 fois par jour a progressivement reduit la quantite de lait secretee par rapport a celle produite par les vaches traites 2 fois par jour, l'ecart atteignant 8,5 kgj -1 (P 0,10) pour l'ensemble de l'essai. La traite 1 fois par jour n'a pas affecte la teneur du lait en matieres grasses, en proteines (vraies), en albumine serique, et en lactose, ni le nombre de cellules somatiques ou l'activite de la plasmine et celle induite par l'activation du plasminogene. Elle a accru la teneur en immunoglobulines G1 (P = 0,02; mesure a la semaine 3) et a diminue l'activite de la lipoproteine lipase, ce qui n'avait pas encore ete rapporte. Elle a ameliore l'etat nutritionnel en debut de lactation (pertes de poids vif et d'etat corporel reduites, bilan energetique calcule accru) et n'a eu aucun effet sur la quantite de ration ingeree. La ration de concentration energetique normale a entraine, par rapport a celle de concentration energetique basse, les effets attendus: accroissement significatif des quantites ingerees (1,2 kg MSj -1 ), de la quantite de lait produite (3,1 kgj -1 ), de son taux proteique (2,0 gkg -1 ) et des index nutritionnels, notamment. La reduction de quantite de lait produite au cours des 3 premieres semaines de la lactation entrainee par la traite 1 fois par jour a ete de 5,5 kgj -1 et 8,5 kgj -1 respectivement pour les lots recevant les rations de concentration energetique faible ou normale (interaction non significative; P > 0,10).
The environment of low-redshift quasar pairs

We investigate the properties of the galaxy environment of a sample of 14 low-redshift ( z< 0.85) quasar (QSO) physical pairs extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 archives. The pairs have a systemic radial velocity differenceV � ≤ 600 kms −1 (based on (O III)5007 A line) and projected distance R⊥ ≤ 600 kpc. The physical association of the pairs is statistically confirmed at a level of ∼90 per cent. For most of the images of these QSOs we are able to resolve their host galaxies that turn out to be on average similar to those of QSOs not in pairs. We also found that QSOs in a pair are on average in region of modest galaxy overdensity extending up 0.5 Mpc from the QSO. This galaxy overdensity is indistinguishable from that of a homogeneous sample of isolated QSOs at the same redshift and with similar host galaxy luminosity. These results, albeit derived from a small (but homogeneous) sample of objects, suggest that the rare activation of two QSOs with small physical separation does not require any extraordinary environment.
Subaru and e-Merlin observations of NGC 3718. Diaries of a supermassive black hole recoil?

NGC3718 is a LINER $L1.9$ galaxy, lying at a distance of about $\sim 17.4$ Mpc away from earth and its similarities with NGC5128 often award it the name "northern Centaurus A". We use high angular resolution ($\sim100$ mas) e-Merlin radio and SUBARU NIR ($\sim170$ mas) data, to take a detailed view of the processes taking place in its central region. In order to preserve some objectivity in our interpretation, we combine our results with literature values and findings from previous studies. Our NIR maps suggest, on one hand, that towards the stellar bulge there are no large scale absorption phenomena caused by the apparent dust lane and, on the other, that there is a significant (local) contribution from hot ($\sim1000$ K) dust to the nuclear NIR emission. The position where this takes place appears to be closer to the offset compact radio emission from our e-Merlin $6$ cm map, lying offset by $\sim4.25$ pc from the center of the underlying stellar bulge. The shape of the radio map suggests the presence of one (or possibly two, forming an X-shape) bipolar structure(s) $\sim1$ ($\sim0.6$) arcsec across, which combined with the balance between the gas and the stellar velocity dispersions and the presence of hard X-ray emission, point towards effects expected by AGN feedback. We also argue that NGC3718 has a "core" in its surface brightness profile, despite the fact that it is a gas-rich galaxy and we discuss its mixed photometric and spectroscopic characteristics. The latter combined with the observed spatial and radio offsets, the relative redshift between the broad and the narrow $H{\mathrm{\alpha}}$ line, the limited star formation activity and AGN feedback, strongly imply the existence of an SMBH recoil. Finally, we discuss a possible interpretation, that could naturally incorporate all these findings into one physically consistent picture.
Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Systems of Algebraic Equations

Considered in this paper are two basic methods of approximating the solutions of nonlinear systems of algebraic equations. The Steepest Descent method was presented as a way of obtaining good and sufficient initial guess (starting value) which is in turn used for the Broyden’s method. Broyden’s method on the other hand replaces the Newton’s method which requires the use of the inverse of the Jacobian matrix at every new step of iteration with a matrix whose inverse is directly determined at each step by up-dating the previous inverse. The result obtained by this method revealed that the setbacks encountered in computing the inverse of the Jacobian matrix at every step number is eliminated hence saving human effort and computer time. The obtained results also showed that the number of steps that is reduced when compared to Newton’s method used on the same problem.
PARENTS’ ROLE IN FOSTERING YOUNG CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

The evidence about the benefits of parents being involved in their children’s education, and children’s literacy activities in particular is overwhelming. It is therefore important that parents and careers are aware of the significant contribution they can make to their children’s learning by providing a stimulating environment around language. The objective of this research was to describe the parents’ role in fostering young children’s language development. The context of this research was in Medan, Sumatera Utara and the subjects were the parents of children aged 5-7 years old. Interview and observation were used in collecting the data. “Three aspects of parenting have been highlighted as central to children’s early language and learning: (1) the frequency of children’s participation in routine learning activities; (2) the quality of caregiverchild engagements; and (3) the provision of age-appropriate learning materials” (TamisLeMonda, 2009:2). After analyzing the data, it was found that parents still found the difficulties in encouraging the children’s literacy and should use the appropriate media based on their need and want. Provision of various media also needs to be made to guide the parents to provide a literacy-rich and stimulating environment. Parents should have a great commitment in developing the children’s literacy gradually.