Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of conventional pap smear versus liquid based cytology in a diagnostic centre of central Madhya Pradesh

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths, next only to breast cancer worldwide, but is easily preventable if detected early. However conventional paps smear technique has many limitations. To overcome these limitations liquid based cytology was introduced in the mid 1990 as a better tool for processing cervical samples the present study was undertaken to compare conventional paps smear with liquid based methods and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of LBC in our setting. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective study conducted on the first 300 patients visiting our diagnostic centre for pap smear tests from May to October 2015. The samples were collected with Rovers Cervex brush and a conventional slide was prepared and the brush head was detached and suspended in the preservative fluid. Split samples of CPS and LBC were analysed and reported using the Bethesda system 2001 and results were compared Results: While only 5 patients were found to have unsatisfactory smear in LBC (1.67%), 20 patients had unsatisfactory smear in conventional smear (6.67%). Endocervical cells were not seen in conventional pap smears while LBC showed presence of endocervical cells in all patients. Candida bodies were not evident in LBC smears while the CPS showed presence of candida bodies in 5 cases. ASCUS was reported in 10 (3.31%) patients by CPS while it was found to be present in only 6(2%) patients by LBC technique. Conclusion: The introduction of liquid based cytology technique has brought about a revolution in the field of cervical screening programmes because of its advantages like reduced rate of unsatisfactory smears, increased number of satisfactory smears with adequate endocervical cells, optimal preservation and staining of cellular material, small area on the slide for screening hence lesser time for reporting and non interference by blood, mucus and other cell debris, air drying artefacts which hampers the proper detection of cellular abnormalities by the conventional method and may replace the conventional smear slowly but steadily. Key words: LBC, CPS, Pap smear, Cervical cancer
Retrieving scattering clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere of HR 8799e

Context. Clouds are ubiquitous in exoplanet atmospheres and they represent a challenge for the model interpretation of their spectra. When generating a large number of model spectra, complex cloud models often prove too costly numerically, whereas more efficient models may be overly simplified. Aims. We aim to constrain the atmospheric properties of the directly imaged planet HR 8799e with a free retrieval approach. Methods. We used our radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS for generating the spectra, which we coupled to the PyMultiNest tool. We added the effect of multiple scattering which is important for treating clouds. Two cloud model parameterizations are tested: the first incorporates the mixing and settling of condensates, the second simply parameterizes the functional form of the opacity. Results. In mock retrievals, using an inadequate cloud model may result in atmospheres that are more isothermal and less cloudy than the input. Applying our framework on observations of HR 8799e made with the GPI, SPHERE, and GRAVITY, we find a cloudy atmosphere governed by disequilibrium chemistry, confirming previous analyses. We retrieve that C/O = 0.60−0.08+0.07. Other models have not yet produced a well constrained C/O value for this planet. The retrieved C/O values of both cloud models are consistent, while leading to different atmospheric structures: either cloudy or more isothermal and less cloudy. Fitting the observations with the self-consistent Exo-REM model leads to comparable results, without constraining C/O. Conclusions. With data from the most sensitive instruments, retrieval analyses of directly imaged planets are possible. The inferred C/O ratio of HR 8799e is independent of the cloud model and thus appears to be a robust. This C/O is consistent with stellar, which could indicate that the HR 8799e formed outside the CO2 or CO iceline. As it is the innermost planet of the system, this constraint could apply to all HR 8799 planets.
Inter-rater Reliability of Ward Rating Scales

Psychiatrists, psychologists, and nursing staff are increasingly making direct observations and ratings of ward behaviour. Characteristically, a nurse may be asked to complete a multi-item rating scale on a group of patients during the course of a drug trial. Several factors are involved in the choice of an appropriate scale for a particular purpose. Among these factors are the number of points per item, which defines the sensitivity to change of the item, and the total number of items in the scale, which affects the time taken to complete the scale and hence the frequency of rating that can be permitted in an assessment schedule.
Effect of Alkali Pretreatment of Rice Straw on Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Local Trichoderma harzianum SNRS3 under Solid State Fermentation

Use of alkali-pretreated rice straw and untreated rice straw as substrates for enzyme production under solid-state cultivation was investigated. Cellulase produced from untreated rice straw showed higher activity of FPase, CMCase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase at 6.25 U/g substrate, 111.31 U/g substrate, 173.71 U/g substrate, and 433.75 U/g substrate respectively, as compared to 1.72 U/g substrate, 23.01 U/g substrate, 2.18 U/g substrate, and 45.46 U/g substrate for FPase, CMCase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase, respectively, when alkali-pretreated substrate was used. The results of the X-ray diffractogram analysis showed an increase in relative crystallinity of cellulose in alkali-pretreated rice straw (62.41%) compared to 50.81% in untreated rice straw. However, the crystalline structure of cellulose was partially disrupted after alkali pretreatment, resulting in a decrease in absolute crystallinity of cellulose. The higher the crystallinity of cellulose, the more cellulase production was induced. The structural changes of rice straw before and after alkali pretreatment were compared by using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Fungal mycelial growth was also observed for both untreated and alkali-pretreated substrates. The results of this study indicated that untreated rice straw is a better substrate for cellulase and xylanase production under solid-state fermentation with low environmental impact.
Corticosteroids and Transition to Delirium in Patients With Acute Lung Injury*

Objective:Delirium is common in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU and associated with short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. The use of systemic corticosteroids is also common in the ICU. Outside the ICU setting, corticosteroids are a recognized risk factor for delirium, but their relationship with delirium in critically ill patients has not been fully evaluated. We hypothesized that systemic corticosteroid administration would be associated with a transition to delirium in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury. Design:Prospective cohort study. Setting:Thirteen ICUs in four hospitals in Baltimore, MD. Patients:Five hundred twenty mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute lung injury. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Delirium evaluation was performed by trained research staff using the validated Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU screening tool. A total of 330 of the 520 patients (64%) had at least two consecutive ICU days of observation in which delirium was assessable (e.g., patient was noncomatose), with a total of 2,286 days of observation and a median (interquartile range) of 15 (9, 28) observation days per patient. These 330 patients had 99 transitions into delirium from a prior nondelirious, noncomatose state. The probability of transitioning into delirium on any given day was 14%. Using multivariable Markov models with robust variance estimates, the following factors (adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI) were independently associated with transition to delirium: older age (compared to < 40 years old, 40–60 yr [1.81; 1.26–2.62], and ≥ 60 yr [2.52; 1.65–3.87]) and administration of any systemic corticosteroid in the prior 24 hours (1.52; 1.05–2.21). Conclusions:After adjusting for other risk factors, systemic corticosteroid administration is significantly associated with transitioning to delirium from a nondelirious state. The risk of delirium should be considered when deciding about the use of systemic corticosteroids in critically ill patients with acute lung injury.
El Paleolítico Medio del Sureste español y Andalucía oriental

EL OBJETIVO DEL PROYECTO ERA ELABORAR UN MODELO CRONOESTRATIGRAFICO Y CULTURAL QUE DEFINIESE Y EXPLICASE LAS CARACTERISTICAS ESENCIALES DE DICHA FASE EN EL CUADRANTE SURORIENTAL DE LA PENINSULA IBERICA. DICHO PROYECTO SE ENMARCA DENTRO DE LA AUSENCIA GENERAL DE DATOS CONTRASTADOS ACERCA DEL PLEISTOCENO DE LA FACHADA MEDITERRANEA PENINSULAR. SE HA PARTIDO DE LA ELABORACION DE UN NUEVO MARCO CONCEPTUAL Y METODOLOGICO PARA ABORDAR LA DISCUSION DE LA EVIDENCIA CONOCIDA HASTA AHORA ACERCA DE LAS INDUSTRIAS MUSTERIENSES Y ACHELENSES FINALES; LOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS SE HAN CONTRASTADO CON UN NUEVO EXAMEN DE LOS DATOS GEOLOGICOS Y PALEONTOLOGICOS PROPORCIONADOS POR LOS PRINCIPALES YACIMIENTO DE LA REGION. TRAS ESTE ANALISIS SE HA OBTENIDO UN MODELO DE SECUENCIA, APOYADA EN ARGUMENTOS PALEOCLIMATICOS, AMBIENTALES, CULTURALES Y ANTROPOLOGICOS QUE CUBRE CASI TOTALIDAD DEL WURM CONVENCIONAL, AUNQUE SOLO CUENTA CON UN GRADO DE RESOLUCION ACEPTABLE EN SUS TRES SUBFASES INFERIORES. LA CONCLUSION MAS IMPORTANTE QUE SE DESPRENDE DE DICHA PROPUESTA ES QUE EN ANDALUCIA HA EXISTIDO DURANTE ESTE PERIODO UN COMPLEJO CULTURAL MUY ESTABLE Y DOTADO DE POCOS ELEMENTOS EVOLUCIONADOS HASTA UNA FASE TARDIA DEL WURM III CONVENCIONAL, MOMENTO EN EL QUE FINALMENTE DESAPARECIO LA QUE HOY EN DIA SE HA DESCUBIERTO QUE ES LA POBLACION NEANDERTAL MAS MODERNA DE EUROPA. LA DISCUSION DE ESTE HECHO HA APORTADO TAMBIEN UNA REINTREPRETACION DEL MODELO DE CAMBIO CULTURAL QUE SE HABIA MANTENIDO HASTA AHORA PARA EXPLICAR EL INICIO DEL PALEOLITICO SUPERIOR EN LA REGION Y LA APARICION DE LOS PRIMEROS HOMBRES MODERNOS.
QED one-loop corrections to radiative muon decay.

Based upon the Fermi interaction, the differential decay rate of the radiative muon decay including one-loop radiative corrections is determined to the order [ital G][sub [ital F]][sup 2][alpha][sup 2]. Essential aspects of the calculation are exhibited. After cancellation of IR divergences, the double radiative muon decay is included. Some initial applications are considered.
Polynomial automata: Zeroness and applications

We introduce a generalisation of weighted automata over a field, called polynomial automata, and we analyse the complexity of the Zeroness Problem in this model, that is, whether a given automaton outputs zero on all words. While this problem is non-primitive recursive in general, we highlight a subclass of polynomial automata for which the Zeroness Problem is primitive recursive. Refining further, we identify a subclass of affine VAS for which coverability is in 2EXPSPACE. We also use polynomial automata to obtain new proofs that equivalence of streaming string transducers is decidable, and that equivalence of copyless streaming string transducers is in PSPACE.
Holocaust or benevolent paternalism? Intergenerational comparisons on collective memories and emotio

After publication of Adam Hochschild's King Leopold's Ghost in 1998, asserting that King Leopold II had been responsible for a "holocaust" in the Congo and the heated public debate this provoked, we set out to study Belgian people's reactions to these accusations. In two studies we compared collective memories of and emotions associated with Belgium's colonial action in the Congo in different generations. Results show higher levels of collective guilt and support for reparative actions among young adults than among older generations. This difference can be explained either by referring to the different ideological backgrounds in which different generations were socialized, as evidenced by stark differences in collective memories of colonialism, or by referring to the influence of national identification. Indeed, people could adapt their representations of colonialism in order to avoid experiencing a social identity threat. However, evidence for the identity-protecting functions of collective memories and collective emotions was only found in the older generations: young people held negative representations of colonialism independently of their level of national identification. We refer to the normative dimension of collective guilt to interpret these results.
Hot Potato Worm Routing via Store-and-Forward Packet Routing

The theory of worm routing (rather than packet routing) has recently attracted increased attention as an abstraction of the underlying communication mechanisms in many parallel machines. Routing the worms in the hot potato style is a desired form of communication in high-speed optical interconnection networks. In this work, we develop a simple method for the design of parallel hot potato worm routing algorithms. Our basic approach is to simulate known packet routing algorithms, so that in each step worms are moved around instead of packets. By plugging in known results for packet routing, we get the fastest (so far) deterministic batch worm routing algorithms. Although the results are given for permutation routing on the mesh and the hypercube, the general method can be applied to many other networks and to more general communication patterns as well. Moreover, once better routing algorithms are found for the underlying network, the worm routing algorithms improve as well.
On the influence of supra-thermal particle acceleration on the morphology of low-Mach, high-β shocks

When two galaxy clusters encounter each other, the interaction results in a collisionless shock that is characterized by a low (1–4) sonic Mach number, and a high-Alfvenic Mach number. Our goal is to determine if, and to what extent, such shocks can accelerate particles to sufficient velocities that they can contribute to the cosmic ray spectrum. We combine two different computational methods, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and particle-in-cell (PIC) into a single code that allows us to take advantage of the high computational efficiency of MHD while maintaining the ability to model the behaviour of individual non-thermal particles. Using this method, we perform a series of simulations covering the expected parameter space of galaxy cluster collision shocks. Our results show that for shocks with a sonic Mach number below 2.25 no diffusive shock acceleration can take place because of a lack of instabilities in the magnetic field, whereas for shocks with a sonic Mach number |$\ge \, 3$| the acceleration is efficient and can accelerate particles to relativistic speeds. In the regime between these two extremes, diffusive shock acceleration can occur but is relatively inefficient because of the time- and space-dependent nature of the instabilities. For those shocks that show efficient acceleration, the instabilities in the upstream gas increase to the point where they change the nature of the shock, which, in turn, will influence the particle injection process.
Comparison of wheat bran, apple pumice and food waste (combined bakery, snack, cereal and confectionary) baits containing carbaryl for controlling Mormon crickets: Studies of longevity and primary and secondary mortality.

The Mormon cricket continues to exhibit populations of notable outbreak proportions throughout much of its range in the west. Even though 781,516 and 534,479 acres were protected from Mormon crickets with treatments in 2003 and 2004 respectively, populations are expected to remain high next year with a substantial amount of treatment predicted to occur. Historically, treatments have been carbaryl wheat bran or steam rolled oat baits applied by ground equipment. However, in the last three years, significant aerial application has occurred with baits and the recently approved diflubenzuron (Dimilin 2L) spray. Even though the Dimilin spray has proved extremely effective (Foster et al. 2002) and popular the last three years, baits applied by ground or air are an important tool and accounted for 38,211 acres of the APHIS sponsored treatments applied to protect lands from Mormon crickets in 2004.
Skeletal muscle capillaries in intermittent claudication.

The ultrastructural dimensions and density of capillaries in 23 gastrocnemius or rectus femoris muscles in patients with intermittent claudication due to arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) were studied. Constant ultrastructural alterations that were not seen in the control patients were thickening, replication, and remnants of the capillary basement membrane (BM). Compared with the control patientes, the percentual area of the BM was significantly larger (P less than .01), the lumen was significantly smaller (P less than .01), and the ratio of capillaries to muscle fiber was significantly higher (P less than .01) in patients with ASO. These changes were probably due to ASO since they increased with growing severity of claudication.
A Distributed Detection of Hit-List Worms

In this paper, we propose d-ACTM/VT, a network based worm detection method that effectively detects hit-list worms. To detect a kind of hit-list worms named Silent worms in a distributed manner, d-ACTM was proposed. d-ACTM detects the existence of worms by detecting tree structures composed of infection connections as edges. Some undetected infection connections, however, can divide the tree structures into small trees and degrade the detection performance. d-ACTM/VT addresses this problem by aggregating the divided trees as a tree named Virtual AC tree in a distributed manner and utilizes it for detection. Simulation result shows d-ACTM/VT reduces the number of infected hosts by 20% compared to d-ACTM.
Did lockdowns serve their purpose

We show that the dynamics of the number of deaths due to Covid in different countries is to a large extent universal once the origin of time is chosen to be the start of the lockdown, and the number of death is rescaled by the total number of deaths after the lockdown, itself a proxy of the number of infections at the start of the lockdown. Such a curve collapse is much less convincing when normalizing by the total population. Sweden, with its no-lockdown, light-touch approach, is the only outlier that deviates considerably from the average behavior. We argue that these model-free findings provide strong support for the effectiveness of the lockdowns in mitigating the lethality of the virus.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Melanoma Growth-stimulatory Activity, and Neutrophil-activating Peptide Selectively Mediate Priming of the Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase through the Type A or Type B IL-8 Receptor*

The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to “priming” agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). The biological effects of these chemokines are mediated by at least two distinct receptors: type A (IL-8-RA) and type B (IL-8-RB). Using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to IL-8-RA and IL-8-RB, we have investigated the contribution each receptor makes to the priming response. Preincubation with IL-8, MGSA, or ENA-78 enhanced the ability of neutrophils to generate O2 following stimulation with the bacterial peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. The priming effect of IL-8 was eliminated by an anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is known to bind IL-8 with high affinity and prevent receptor occupancy. Incubation of neutrophils with a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-8-RA blocked IL-8-induced priming but had no effect on priming by MGSA or ENA-78. In contrast, treatment with a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-8-RB failed to inhibit the priming effect of IL-8 but blocked both MGSA and ENA-78-induced priming. These observations indicate that the priming effect of IL-8 on the neutrophil respiratory burst is predominantly mediated via IL-8-RA, whereas priming by MGSA and ENA-78 is mediated by IL-8-RB.
Eye Movements and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

The aim of this study was to examine multivariate patterns of relationships between oculomotor performance, psychopathology, and neuropsychology. Performance on smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movement tasks was assessed in three DSM-III-R diagnosis-based groups of subjects; normal (N = 55), schizophrenic (N = 29), and bipolar disorder (N = 26) and analyzed in relation to age, gender, scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores, Shipley intelligence quotient, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance. The greatest difference was a higher proportion of errors in the antisaccade task in the schizophrenic and bipolar groups, which was related to worse Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance and was not accounted for by gender, age, education, or intelligence quotient. A significant gender and bipolar interaction showed bipolar women to have worse antisaccade performance. Abnormal smooth pursuit was more specific to schizophrenia. Antisaccade task and sine wave root-mean-square error were correlated in bipolar but not schizophrenic subjects. Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms scores had independent associations with the antisaccade task. Faster reaction times in the schizophrenic group to antisaccade errors were observed, suggesting an abnormality in visual attention processing and perhaps sensory gating functions. These results confirm abnormal smooth pursuit in schizophrenia and suggest that impairments in saccadic function are less specific to diagnostic group. Oculomotor performance and psychopathology seem related in complex ways to age, gender, intelligence quotient, and executive neuropsychological and possibly visual attention functions.
The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by Brassica napus L.

ABSTRACT The test strains Bacteroidetes bacterium (Ba), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) and Variovorax sp. (Va) were selected in advance for their in vitro capability for growth promotion of rapeseed in the presence of increased concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the medium. In the pot experiment, the strains were used for single Ba, Pf, Va or combined Ba + Pf, Ba + Va, Pf + Va, and Ba + Pf + Va inoculation of B. napus growing in contaminated soil from alluvial deposits. The positive effect of bacterial strains on plant growth was observed in vitro, but was not confirmed in situ in the contaminated soil, where the tested strains inhibited biomass production, rather than stimulating it. However, single inoculation with Ba significantly increased the chlorophyll content and K+ concentration in the leaves. The inoculation of rapeseed with Ba and Va strains was indicated to be the most promising combination for phytoextraction of Cd and Zn from contaminated soil. Combined inoculation with Pf+Va and Pf + Ba+Va significantly decreased the concentration of heavy metals in the roots of rapeseed. We conclude that suitable combinations of PGPR can control the metal uptake of B. napus, selectively increasing either metal extraction or metal stabilization in the rhizosphere and offering promising applications in soil remediation.