Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological problems and overweight in medical students compared to students from Faculty of Humanities, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand.

BACKGROUND Medical students have a high prevalence of stress, depression, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation and overweight. The students from the social sciences such as Faculty of Humanities, may have different problems. The aim of this study was to compare the epidemiology of stress, depression, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation and overweight of medical students with students from Faculty of Humanities, Srinakharinwirot University. MATERIAL AND METHOD Total of 646 students from Faculty of Medicine and 103 students from Division of Children's Literature, Faculty of Humanity from Srinakharinwirot University were selected; the response rate was 75% and 83.5%, respectively. The design was cross-sectional study. Each participant was evaluated by Health-Related Self-Reported (HRSR) Scale from Psychological Department, Ministry of Public Health, Suanprung stress test from Suanprung Hospital, Thailand, and Epworth sleepiness scale during February, 11th 2008 to March, 4th 2008. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test and p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The prevalence of depression in medical students was 11.5% and the prevalence of depression in students from Faculty of Humanities was 12.2%. Medical students in clinical class had high to severe stress more than medical students in pre-clinical class and had the most sleep deprivation on class 6. Male medical students had sleep deprivation and overweight more than female. Medical students with underlying diseases had high to severe stress, but students from Faculty of Humanities had depression. Medical students had odds ratio of stress and sleep deprivation 0.61 and 0.39, respectively compared to the students from Faculty of Humanities. CONCLUSION The students from Faculty of Humanities had high to severe stress and sleep deprivation more than medical students but they were the same as depression, excessive daytime sleepiness and overweight. The administrators of each faculty should adjust the curriculum and train the advisors to support their students.
Survival rates of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber-reinforced custom posts and cores: a 97-month study.

PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the long-term survival rates of polyethylene fiber-reinforced posts and cores used in endodontically treated teeth over a 97-month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-nine patients from a private dental office who underwent endodontic treatment with coronoradicular fiber-reinforced restorations were selected and invited for evaluation. All teeth were restored with the same high-molecular-weight polyethylene fiber (Ribbond, Ribbond Inc) and resin composite cement (Enforce, Dentsply) post-and-core system by a single operator and then prepared and restored with complete cast crowns or direct resin composite. Survival functions of restorations were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests (alpha = .05) and displayed according to the variable tooth location and material of the definitive restoration. RESULTS Four posts fractured among the 36 anterior restorations evaluated, and 2 posts fractured among the 73 posterior restorations. The mean overall survival estimate was 90.2 (+/- 3.7) months (95% Cl: 82.8-97.5). There were no differences between survival functions regarding tooth location or type of restorative material as variables (P> .05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that polyethylene fiber-reinforced posts with composite cores may be recommended for clinical use. Restorations evaluated in this study presented high survival rates after the 97-month follow-up period.
At the heart of the Nordic occupational welfare model: Occupational welfare trajectories in Sweden and Denmark

Sweden and Denmark are countries with a strong tradition of labour market partner’s involvement in welfare policies and this begs the question if this influences the development of occupational welfare. This article will depict reasons for and the development of occupational welfare, especially in relation to pension, sickness benefit and parental leave. The interaction between a in principle universal tax-financed welfare state and use of occupational welfare, often supported using fiscal welfare, implies a deviation from the Nordic model as universality is no longer guaranteed. The article further raises the issue of whether this will increase inequality because of the dualization on the labour market and whether Sweden and Denmark are similar or dissimilar in relation to the development in the use of and impact of occupational welfare. Finally, that occupational welfare might mitigate the consequence of retrenchment, by in this way passing on expenditures to the employers. Thus, arguing that increase in occupational welfare is due to the gradual reduction in welfare state benefits and that trade unions strength has influenced the level. The article concludes that what social partners thought of as a supplement now has moved the Nordic welfare states away from its universal approach.
The Biological Mechanisms of Cancer-Related Skeletal Muscle Wasting: The Role of Progressive Resistance Exercise

Cancer results in perturbations in skeletal muscle protein metabolism leading to muscle wasting. Although severe wasting is seen primarily in persons with advanced malignancies, a number of cancer patients show some degree of wasting at presentation. Although cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting is attributable, in part, to decreased muscle protein synthesis, its primary cause appears to be increased muscle protein degradation. Although several proteolytic systems may be involved, compelling evidence suggests that the major system responsible for skeletal muscle protein degradation in cancer is the ATP-dependent ubiquitin— proteasome system. Other contributing factors include proinflammatory cytokines and the tumor-released proteolysis-inducing factor. Decreased physical activity and decreased nutritional intake may also play a role. Cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting is clinically significant because of its profound effects on functional outcomes and quality of life. Nevertheless, no specific interventions have proved to be effective in preventing or reversing the problem. Interventions such as nutritional supplementation and appetite stimulants are only partially helpful. A nonpharmacologic intervention that may attenuate cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting is progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). PRT is a potent stimulus of growth in muscle mass and strength. PRT may attenuate cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting by downregulating the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and by increasing the phosphorylation of intramuscular amino acid—signaling molecules. This article discusses several cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting mechanisms and proposes how PRT might attenuate muscle wasting by counteracting some of these mechanisms.
Reconstruction of orbital floor blow-out fractures with silicone implant.

AIM To evaluate the outcome of orbital floor blow-out fractures treated surgically with silicone implant. METHODS The patients were examined in a prospective study from October 1993 to December 1999. Over this period 11 patients were diagnosed as having orbital floor blow-out fractures. The study was restricted to those who were both treated surgically and followed-up at least three months after the discharge from hospital. Only six patients (five males and one female), ranging in age from 6 to 30 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The fractures occurred during brawls in 3 patients, car accidents in 2 patients and child's play in 1 patient. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical grounds and coronal computed tomography. The surgical procedure was the same in all patients, using silicone implant to reconstruct the defects. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 4.8 months. RESULTS The interval between injury and diagnosis ranged from 6 to 85 days (mean: 34.8 days). Limitation of vertical eye movements was present in all 6 patients, diplopia in 4 patients, enophthalmos in 3 patients and hypoesthesia in the distribution of the infraorbital nerve in 1 patient. The mean interval time between injury and surgery was 55.3 days and the majority of the patients (83%) had late repairs (> 14 days) after injury. Postoperatively, satisfactory results were obtained with regard to limitation of vertical eye movements, diplopia, enophthalmos and hypoesthesia. Only one patient had a persistent and partially reduced enophthalmos. Silicone implant was well tolerated in all 6 cases since complications such as infection, tissue reaction and extrusion were not observed. CONCLUSION Satisfactory results may be obtained after late repair of orbital floor blow-out fractures. Silicone implant has the potential to be used successfully in orbital floor fractures.
Pandemic-related ability and willingness in home healthcare workers.

OBJECTIVE To assess pandemic-related attitudes and behavioral intentions of home healthcare workers (HHCWs). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING New York City. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 384 HHCWs. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES Ability and willingness to report to work during a pandemic influenza outbreak. RESULTS A large proportion of HHCWs reported that they would be either unable or unwilling (or both) to provide care to their current (83 percent) or new (91 percent) patients during a pandemic. Ability was significantly associated with not having children living at home, having alternatives to mass transportation, not having a spouse/partner employed as a first responder or healthcare worker, and having longer tenure (ie, six or more years) in homecare. During an outbreak, 43 percent of HHCWs said they would be willing to take care of current patients and only 27 percent were willing to take care of new patients. Willingness to care for both current and new patients was inversely associated with fear for personal safety (p < 0.01). Provision of key elements of a respiratory protection program was associated with decreased fear (p < 0.05). Most participants (86 percent) had not received any work-based, pandemic-related training, and only 5 percent reported that their employer had an influenza pandemic plan. CONCLUSIONS Given that a large majority of the participating HHCWs would either be unable or unwilling to report to duty during a pandemic, potential shortfalls in this workforce may occur. To counter this, organizations should focus on strategies targeting intervenable barriers to ability and to willingness (ie, the provision of a vaccine and respiratory protection programs).
Traumatic Brain Injury in the Elderly is common but is not as Bad as we Think!

Incidence of head injuries (Traumatic Brain InjuriesTBI) are a leading cause of seeking emergency medical care, hospitalization, long hospital stays, disabilities, rehabilitation services, case fatalities and socioeconomic losses in India. Open or penetrating injuries form a small portion while most of the injuries are closed ones. The Closed head injury (blunt TBI) is caused by an external force strong enough to move the brain within the skull, that include falls, motor vehicle crashes, sports injuries like Cricket, hockey, getting struck by an object. While Road traffi c injuries are the leading (60%) causes in general population, among elderly it was noted that trivial injuries due to domestic falls contributed most to Abstract
The Quality of Written Comments on Professional Behaviors in a Developmental Multisource Feedback Program

Background Written feedback on professional behaviors is an important part of medical training, but little attention has been paid to the quality of written feedback and its expected impact on learning. A large body of research on feedback suggests that feedback is most beneficial when it is specific, clear, and behavioral. Analysis of feedback comments may reveal opportunities to improve the value of feedback. Method Using a directed content analysis, the authors coded and analyzed feedback phrases collected as part of a pilot of a developmental multisource feedback program. The authors coded feedback on various dimensions, including valence (positive or negative) and whether feedback was directed at the level of the self or behavioral performance. Results Most feedback comments were positive, self-oriented, and lacked actionable information that would make them useful to learners. Conclusions Comments often lack effective feedback characteristics. Opportunities exist to improve the quality of comments provided in multisource feedback.
Epidemiology of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Mexico.

Prevalence rates of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were estimated from a probability sample of 2,509 adults from 4 cities in Mexico. PTSD was assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI; WHO, 1997). Lifetime prevalence of exposure and PTSD were 76% and 11.2%, respectively. Risk for PTSD was highest in Oaxaca (the poorest city), persons of lower socioeconomic status, and women. Conditional risk for PTSD was highest following sexual violence, but nonsexual violence and traumatic bereavement had greater overall impact because of their frequency. Of lifetime cases, 62% became chronic; only 42% received medical or professional care. The research demonstrates the importance of expanding the epidemiologic research base on trauma to include developing countries around the world.
Efficacy of bendamustine in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a phase I/II study of the German CLL Study Group.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although bendamustine has been used for more than 30 years in the treatment of lymphoma, little is known about the optimal dosing schedule in relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Various dose and treatment schedules have been used empirically, and several phase II studies have shown impressive efficacy. To determine the maximal tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity and the optimal therapeutic dose of bendamustine for further phase III clinical trials the GCLLSG designed a phase I/II study for pre-treated CLL patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen patients (median age 67 years) with relapsed or refractory CLL were enrolled. All patients had been pre-treated with a median of three different regimens. Bendamustine was given at a starting dose of 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and 2, repeated every 3-4 weeks. RESULTS Major toxicities were leukocytopenia (CTC grade 3+4) in 8/16 and infections (CTC grade 3+4) in 7/16 patients. Six patients had dose-limiting toxicity which led to dose de-escalation from 100 to 70 mg/m2 in three patients. The maximum tolerated dose was 70 mg/m2. According to NCI-WG criteria, 9/16 patients (56%) responded to therapy, seven to doses <or=80 mg/m2. Two patients achieved complete remission. Five patients had a partial response and two patients stable disease. The median duration of response was 42.7 months. After a follow-up period of 53.2 months, five patients (31%) were still in remission. The median overall survival time for all patients was 45.6 months. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the excellent efficacy of bendamustine in heavily pre-treated and treatment-refractory patients, even at reduced doses of 140 mg/m2 per course. In pre-treated CLL patients, impaired bone marrow function is likely to enhance the myelotoxic side effects of bendamustine. Based on these results, the recommended optimal therapeutic dose of bendamustine in refractory CLL is 70 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 every 4 weeks.
The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism

The Cunning of Recognition is an exploration of liberal multiculturalism from the perspective of Australian indigenous social life. Elizabeth A. Povinelli argues that the multicultural legacy of colonialism perpetuates unequal systems of power, not by demanding that colonized subjects identify with their colonizers but by demanding that they identify with an impossible standard of authentic traditional culture. Povinelli draws on seventeen years of ethnographic research among northwest coast indigenous people and her own experience participating in land claims, as well as on public records, legal debates, and anthropological archives to examine how multicultural forms of recognition work to reinforce liberal regimes rather than to open them up to a true cultural democracy. The Cunning of Recognition argues that the inequity of liberal forms of multiculturalism arises not from its weak ethical commitment to difference but from its strongest vision of a new national cohesion. In the end, Australia is revealed as an exemplary site for studying the social effects of the liberal multicultural imaginary: much earlier than the United States and in response to very different geopolitical conditions, Australian nationalism renounced the ideal of a unitary European tradition and embraced cultural and social diversity. While addressing larger theoretical debates in critical anthropology, political theory, cultural studies, and liberal theory, The Cunning of Recognition demonstrates that the impact of the globalization of liberal forms of government can only be truly understood by examining its concrete—and not just philosophical—effects on the world.
Cellulose acetate phthalate microparticles containing Vibrio cholerae: steps toward an oral cholera vaccine

Abstract Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) has been recommended in some endemic areas and epidemic situations since 1999. Although safe and effective vaccines are currently on the market, the burden of transport and storage remains an issue. Herein, we report an approach to develop an alternative OCV in the form of a gastro-resistant powder. Heat-killed Vibrio cholerae (VC) was encapsulated with a spray-drying technique at different temperatures. Cellulose acetate phthalate (Aquacoat® CPD) was chosen as the core polymer and the addition of alginate was studied. The microparticles (MPs) produced were characterized by surface morphology, particle size, drug loading, antigenicity and gastro resistance. The MPs obtained were 6 µm in size and had appropriate drug content, ranging from 8.16 to 8.64%. Furthermore, antigenicity was maintained, never dropping below 85%, and enteric properties were achieved for all the formulations. Next, an in vivo study was carried out with Aquacoat® CPD MP prepared at 80 °C with and without alginate. Two different doses were assayed, 30 and 60 mg, and compared to the VC suspension. The evoked immune responses showed that alginate containing MPs, especially at the 30 mg dose, displayed values that were very similar to those of VC. In conclusion, spray-dried alginate VC MPs seem to be a promising step toward a powder-form cholera vaccination.
Emerging and future therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in adults

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease of increasing prevalence with morbidity and mortality closely related to cardiovascular disease, malignancies and cirrhosis. Despite the need for pharmacological treatment and intense research in the field, there is currently no approved agent for NASH. Areas covered: There are medications shown to improve hepatic steatosis, including thiazolidinediones, vitamin E and pentoxifylline. However, hepatic fibrosis, the hard prognostic end-point for NASH, has shown little improvement with pharmaceutical intervention. Long-term use of thiazolidinediones has provided a marginal effect on fibrosis, whereas obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor, showed to improve fibrosis, but further data are needed. There are currently many novel agents under investigation, including glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, sodium glucose co-transporters and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ selective modulators, whose preliminary results have been promising. Expert opinion: Given the multifactorial pathogenesis of NASH, it is rational to consider multiple treatments rather than monotherapy as a more promising approach. Although, it remains to be shown, targeting more than one pathogenetic ‘hit’ of the disease may provide more efficacious management. Furthermore, the establishment of a noninvasive index for long-term follow-up of NASH patients will facilitate treatment guidance by reducing the need for multiple liver biopsies.
Treatment of unexplained infertility: Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP)

Patients and methods. Fifty‐one couples with unexplained infertility were enrolled in the fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) program. FSP is in short a combination of ovarian hyperstimulation, ovulation induction and intrauterine and intrafallopian tube insemination using a sperm suspension of 4 ml volume.
Corporate Restructuring and the Information Hypothesis: An Empirical Analysis.

The purpose o f this dissertation is to explore the motivation behind various restructuring choices within a securities issuance context. Previous theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that three methods of restructuring equity carve-outs, sell-offs, and spin-offs, on average, signal favorable information about parent firms. This has been interpreted as reflecting either enhanced potential for efficiency gains, positive asymmetric information about the value o f industry assets, or changes in agency costs. This dissertation presents an alternative framework by relating restructuring announcements to the effects o f security issuance. Empirical tests are formulated to determine if these announcements contain valuable private information about the value o f a subsidiary by analyzing whether or not elements of this information apply to other firms involved in related activities. Rivals o f the carved-out subsidiaries experience negative revaluation effects. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a motivation for equity carve-outs is management’s belief that a subsidiary is likely to be overvalued by the market. Similar to equity carve-outs, the announcement of the intent to go public releases elements of industry-common information that causes downward revaluation o f intra­ industry rivals of the announcing firm. Rivals of spun-off subsidiaries increase in value around these announcements which suggests managers believe the subsidiary’s asset value is greater than the proceeds that equity carve-out or sell-off transactions would produce. Although sell-off announcements do not generate significant intra-