Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A paradigm evolution shift in the endodontic map

Current literature reports similar observations in the occasion of middle mesial (MM) canals in mandibular molars. For many years, the prevalence of MM root canals in mandibular molars has been reported as a rare or a not uncommon variant ranging from <1% to 19%. [4] However, in 2015, the prevalence of MM canals in clinical settings is higher than previously reported[5,6] and reaches up to 46.2%. [5] Clearly, the application of operating microscopy together with an “appropriate troughing approach” has a valid impact on locating negotiable MM canal orifices.
Assessment of pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis patients attending Rheumatology Clinics in Nairobi

Background: Pulmonary involvement is a frequent and among the most severe extra-articular manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ranking as the second cause of mortality in this patient population. Rheumatoid arthritis can a ect the lung parenchyma, airways and pleura. Pulmonary complications are directly responsible for 10-20% of all mortality in RA patients. Spirometry is becoming increasingly available in Kenya and could be used in peripheral areas to screen and monitor for pulmonary function abnormalities in well characterized patient populations such as those with RA. Abnormalities detected by pulmonary function tests may precede symptoms by years and lead to early diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis and hence intervention. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis patients attending Rheumatology Clinics in Nairobi. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Nairobi Rheumatology Clinics in Kenyatta National Hospital, Aga Khan University Hospital and Mater Hospital. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 13 to 65 years who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were recruited. Sociodemographic characterictics and respiratory symptoms were assessed using Lung Tissue Research Consortium questionnaire (LTRC) and RA disease activity was established by Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Pulmonary function tests were then done using Spirolab 111 according to the American Thoracic Society recommendations. Results: One hundred and sixty six RA patients were recruited; the male to female ratio was 1:9.3, with a median age of 47 years. The overall six month prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities was 38.5% as measured by Spirometry and all our patients did not carry any prior pulmonary disease diagnosis. The predominant ventilatory defect was obstructive pattern at 20.4%, followed by restrictive pattern at 16.8% and least common being a mixed picture at 1.2%. Factors that were shown to be independently associated with pulmonary function abnormalities were age and RA disease activity. Respiratory symptoms that were predictive of PFTs abnormalities were cough, increased frequency of chest colds and illnesses and phlegm. Conclusion: High prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities was observed. Respiratory symptoms, older age and ongoing disease activity can identify patients in greatest need of further pulmonary evaluation. Key words : Rheumatoid Arthritis, Pulmonary function test, Nairobi Rheumatology Clinics
Integer optimization methods for machine learning

In this thesis, we propose new mixed integer optimization (MIO) methods to ad- dress problems in machine learning. The first part develops methods for supervised bipartite ranking, which arises in prioritization tasks in diverse domains such as information retrieval, recommender systems, natural language processing, bioinformatics, and preventative maintenance. The primary advantage of using MIO for ranking is that it allows for direct optimization of ranking quality measures, as opposed to current state-of-the-art algorithms that use heuristic loss functions. We demonstrate using a number of datasets that our approach can outperform other ranking methods. The second part of the thesis focuses on reverse-engineering ranking models. This is an application of a more general ranking problem than the bipartite case. Quality rankings affect business for many organizations, and knowing the ranking models would allow these organizations to better understand the standards by which their products are judged and help them to create higher quality products. We introduce an MIO method for reverse-engineering such models and demonstrate its performance in a case-study with real data from a major ratings company. We also devise an approach to find the most cost-effective way to increase the rank of a certain product. In the final part of the thesis, we develop MIO methods to first generate association rules and then use the rules to build an interpretable classifier in the form of a decision list, which is an ordered list of rules. These are both combinatorially challenging problems because even a small dataset may yield a large number of rules and a small set of rules may correspond to many different orderings. We show how to use MIO to mine useful rules, as well as to construct a classifier from them. We present results in terms of both classification accuracy and interpretability for a variety of datasets.
Students’ experiences and perceptions of using a virtual environment for project-based assessment in an online introductory statistics course

This paper evaluated students’ experiences and perceptions of using an online simulated virtual environment, known as the Island, for project-based work within an online master’s level introductory statistics course. Forty-two students responded to an Island questionnaire which rated their level of agreement to three aspects of using the Island - engagement, ease of use and contributes to understanding. Students were also asked to provide qualitative comments and five students participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative feedback was analysed to help explain the results from the quantitative questionnaire. In conclusion, perceptions of the use of the Island for project-based assessment were very positive. Qualitative feedback provided insight into how the Island may help to develop students’ statistical thinking.
The Relationship between Graphing Calculator Use and Teachers' Beliefs about Learning Algebra.

The purpose of this study was to determine teachers' views of learning algebra and to investigate if any relationship exists between their views of learning algebra and the ways that they use graphing calculators in their algebra classes. The 48 algebra teachers who participated in the study were from Allen, Putnam, and Van Wert counties in northwest Ohio. The participants completed a survey which included both background questions and four-point Likert-scale statements concerning graphing calculator use and views of learning algebra. When calculator use was examined in regard to the teachers' views of learning algebra and also to the teachers' background characteristics, workshop attendancewas found to be an important factor in determining how the teachers use calculators. The results also showed that a majority of the algebra teachers who use calculators in these three counties are currently using the Texas Instruments TI83/TI -83 Plus calculator and that they are using them at least several times per week for in-class activities, homework, quizzes, and tests. The teachers' views of learning algebra were not found to be a significant factor in calculator use. (Contains 49 references.) (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 The Relationship Between Graphing Calculator Use and Teachers' Beliefs About Learning Algebra Arnita J. Yoder Bluffton College PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Paper presented at IV! WERA October 25-28, 2000 Chicago, IL BEST COPYAVAILABLE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as ived from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.
ŞİZOFRENİ HASTASINA BAKIM VERENLERİN RUH SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: SOSYODEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLER VE STRESLE BAŞA ÇIKMA TARZLARI

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci, sizofreni hastasina bakim verenlerin ruh sagligini etkileyen faktorleri incelemektir. Yontem: Arastirma tanimlayici niteliktedir. arastirmanin evrenini Izmir’de iki universite hastanesinin psikiyatri poliklinigi ve Şizofreni Dayanisma Dernegi’ne gelen sizofreni hastalarina bakim verenler olusturdu. Amacli orneklem yontemi kullanildi, Orneklem 103 bakim verenden olustu. Veriler sosyo-demografik ozellikler soru formu, Stresle Basa Cikma Tarzlari Olcegi ve Genel Saglik Anketi-12 kullanilarak toplanmistir. Bulgular: Calismada bakim verenlerin %65’inde ruhsal saglik sorunu bulunma olasiliginin oldugu gorulmustur. Ruh sagliginda bozulmayla iliskili degiskenler kadin cinsiyet (t= 2.33, p= 0.021), dusuk egitim duzeyi (F=17.05, p= 0.001), calismama (U= 496.0, p=0.001), surekliligi olan egitim programinda yer almama (U= 237.5, p=0.001) ve bas etmede duyguya odakli yontemlerin kullanimi olarak saptanmistir (p= 0.001). Sonuc: Bakim verenin; cinsiyeti, egitim durumu, calisma durumu, sizofreni ile ilgili programlara katilim durumu ve basetmede kullandigi yontemler ruh sagligini etkileyen degiskenlerdir. Bakim verenlerin ruhsal saglik durumlarini etkileyebilecegi dusunulen diger degiskenlerin (duygu ifadesi, yuk) arastirilmasi ve bakim verenlerin ruh sagligini korumaya ve gelistirmeye yonelik programlarin hazirlanmasi ve uygulanmasi onerilmektedir.
The Structure and Dynamics of Navigable Networks

The notion that the world’s social network is tightly connected and that any two people can be linked by a short chain of friends, known as the small-world phenomenon, has long been a subject of interest. Famously, the psychologist Stanley Milgram performed an experiment to investigate how long it would take for letters to cross the United States going from friend to friend. The results seemed to confirm that the small-world phenomenon is real. More recently it has been shown by Jon Kleinberg that for it to be possible to efficiently search for paths in a random graph with only local knowledge, as Milgram’s subjects did, the graph must have certain special properties. Such graphs, known as navigable networks, must combine structured and random elements. We start out from Kleinberg’s work and explore a series of results and ideas related to navigable graphs. Firstly, in two different models, we explore possible dynamics which could explain the emergence of navigability. The first model shows how a graph can adapt to navigability if one allows the edges to be re-wired based on the results of past searches, while the second model shows that navigability arises directly if vertices cluster with respect to two independent spaces in a certain, intuitively clear, manner. The final two works take different perspectives. The first of these views the small world as a random graph and looks at its connectivity properties in the classical sense. Our results bridge a gap between previously understood results from random graph theory, and results from the study of percolation. In the second, final, work we propose a method for searching in small-world networks even when the participants are oblivious to their own and others positions in the world. The problem is motivated by applications to computer networks, and our method is tested on real world data.
From a Dry Statement of Facts to a Thing of Beauty: Understanding Aesthetics in the Mapping and Counter-Mapping of Place

Aesthetics plays a key role in cartographic design and is especially significant to the representation of place, whether by the state, the community, the crowd, or the artist. While state topographic mapping today demonstrates a rich diversity of national styles, its evolution (particularly since the Enlightenment) has led to the establishment of a particular aesthetic tradition, which has recently been challenged by counter-mapping initiatives and through map art. This paper explores the function of aesthetics in the cartographic representation of place. It offers an analysis of the aesthetic value of topographic maps and suggests how an appropriate wielding of the aesthetic language of cartography can communicate a sense of place more effectively.
HEP C++ meets reality

In 2007 the CMS experiment first reported some initial findings on the impedance mismatch between HEP use of C++ and the current generation of compilers and CPUs. Since then we have continued our analysis of the CMS experiment code base, including the external packages we use. We have found that large amounts of C++ code has been written largely ignoring any physical reality of the resulting machine code and run time execution costs, including and especially software developed by experts. We report on a wide range issues affecting typical high energy physics code, in the form of coding pattern - impact - lesson - improvement.
Estimation of reproductive, production, and progeny growth differences among f1 boer-spanish and spanish females

Estimation of Reproductive, Production, and Progeny Growth Differences among F1 Boer-Spanish and Spanish Females. (May 2005) Jeffrey Andrew Rhone, B.S., Texas Tech Univeristy Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Andy Herring Dr. Dan Waldron The study was performed in the Edwards Plateau region of West Texas from the years of 1994 through 2004 and involved data collected on 291 F1 Boer-Spanish and Spanish does and their 1,941 kids. Differences were estimated between dam types for growth traits, fertility traits, prolificacy, kid growth traits, survivability, longevity, and progeny growth. The mixed model analysis of variance procedure was used for all traits, except doe survivability where chi-square analysis was used. The F1 Boer-Spanish does were significantly heavier at birth than Spanish does, but there was no significant difference between the F1 Boer-Spanish and Spanish does for weaning weight. The F1 Boer-Spanish does had a significantly heavier body weight at breeding than the Spanish does (46 vs. 43 kg). No significant differences were found between breed types for fertility traits. Age of doe was a significant source of variation for fertility. There was no significant difference between the two doe breed types for number of kids born or number of kids weaned. Age of doe significantly affected both number of kids born and number of kids weaned. There was no significant difference
Clinical studies of fever and infection in cancer

EVER with or without associated infection F is a common manifestation of cancer. The pathogenesis of the fever seen in cancer patients in the absence of infection is entirely obscure. The relation of fever to various clinical aspects of cancer is unknown or controversial. This study was undertaken to delineate the relation of fever, with or without associated infection, to various aspects of cancer. The frequency of fever associated with infection was more easily related to other parameters of neoplastic activity than was fever of undetermined etiology. The appearance of the fever-pulse chart was of little benefit in inferring the presence of infection. The frequency of fever and infection in the various diseases studied, the relation of therapy to fever and infection, the difficulties attendant upon demonstrating infection, and the factors influencing susceptibility to bacterial invasion are analyzed and discussed.
Dying for the gods : human sacrifice in Iron Age & Roman Europe

Sacrifice, like death, is one of the great taboo subjects of modern society. The notion that human sacrifice, murder most horrid and even cannibalism could be considered a most holy act is almost inconceivable.Yet the evidence for human sacrifice in north-west Europe, deriving from both archaeology and the testimony of Classical writers of the first centuries BC/AD, has to be confronted. This is the challenge of this original, but often disturbing, book. Brings together a wealth of archaeological, anthropological and historical evidence that has not been previously available is a valuable asset to scholars. 'A very ambitious book, set fair to become a bestseller' Journal of the British Archaeological Association.
Chemotherapy and tumor immunity

Inducing senescence in tumor cells stimulates antitumor innate immune responses A large increase in the incidence of cancers has been predicted for the coming years, with the number of cases worldwide rising from 15 million to 24 million between 2015 and 2035 (1). The current revolution in cancer treatment—cancer immunotherapy—is based on the mobilization of the immune system to target cancer cells and is opening new avenues for achieving cancer control. However, evidence suggests that immunotherapies in many cancers are most effective when combined with other treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. On page 1416 of this issue, Ruscetti et al. (2) show that a combination of chemotherapy drugs inhibiting MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) and CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) induces tumor cell senescence, a type of cell growth arrest, that alerts the innate immune system by activating natural killer (NK) cells, leading to immune control of the cancer.
The TNFRSF members CD27 and OX40 coordinately limit TH17 differentiation in regulatory T cells

Skin-resident Tregs suppress the TH17 pathway through a cell-intrinsic mechanism dependent on both CD27 and OX40. Constraining skin Tregs Aberrant expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by regulatory T cells (Tregs) is one of the perturbations observed in chronic human inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. Remedios et al. investigated the pathways that normally restrain Tregs from morphing into pathogenic cells secreting IL-17A. Absence of the CD27 and OX40 receptors on skin-resident Tregs in mice led to marked increases in their IL-17A expression and cutaneous inflammation. The subset of cutaneous Tregs making IL-17A in patients with psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa expressed low levels of CD27. These studies identify two receptor-ligand pathways that act in concert to maintain the normal homeostatic function of cutaneous Tregs. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are closely related to TH17 cells and use aspects of the TH17-differentiation program for optimal immune regulation. In several chronic inflammatory human diseases, Tregs express IL-17A, suggesting that dysregulation of TH17-associated pathways in Tregs may result in either loss of suppressive function and/or conversion into pathogenic cells. The pathways that regulate the TH17 program in Tregs are poorly understood. We have identified two TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members, CD27 and OX40, that are preferentially expressed by skin-resident Tregs. Both CD27 and OX40 signaling suppressed the expression of TH17-associated genes from Tregs in a cell-intrinsic manner in vitro and in vivo. However, only OX40 played a nonredundant role in promoting Treg accumulation. Tregs that lacked both CD27 and OX40 were defective in controlling skin inflammation and expressed high levels of IL-17A, as well as the master TH17 transcription factor, RORγt. Last, we found that CD27 expression was inversely correlated with Treg IL-17 production in skin of patients with psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Together, our results suggest that TNFRSF members play both redundant and distinct roles in regulating Treg plasticity in tissues.
The strength of long-range ties in population-scale social networks

The strength of long-range ties It seems reasonable that we would have the closest, strongest ties with people in our immediate social network and that the ties between networks would be weaker. However, Park et al. discovered strong ties that spanned extreme network (not geographic) distances in 11 culturally diverse population-scale networks on four continents—encompassing 56 million Twitter users and 58 million mobile phone subscribers. Although they are fairly rare, strong ties between networks could be important for the spreading of ideas or disease. Science, this issue p. 1410 Data from millions of twitter and mobile phone subscribers suggest that strong, long-range ties bridge distant online communities. Long-range connections that span large social networks are widely assumed to be weak, composed of sporadic and emotionally distant relationships. However, researchers historically have lacked the population-scale network data needed to verify the predicted weakness. Using data from 11 culturally diverse population-scale networks on four continents—encompassing 56 million Twitter users and 58 million mobile phone subscribers—we find that long-range ties are nearly as strong as social ties embedded within a small circle of friends. These high-bandwidth connections have important implications for diffusion and social integration.
AN EVALUATION OF PRIMARY TRAINEES' VIEWS OF THE SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE AUDIT PROCESS

This paper reports on the findings of a small study exploring primary trainee teachers’ experiences and perceptions of the mathematical subject knowledge audit carried out during their training. Many trainees described the exercise as a formfilling waste of time, although the institution is required to gather evidence of trainees developing their subject knowledge for inspection amongst other purposes. Through a combination of questionnaire responses and written reflective comments gathered from across the ITT programmes, some views appeared to be commonly held by trainees about the nature and purpose of the audit process. This paper examines the data with a view to modifying the mathematics subject knowledge audit for future cohorts of trainees.
Effects of Ankle Taping on Single and Double Leg Balance

Effects of Ankle Taping on Single and Double Leg Balance Ankle sprains are a common injury and athletic tape is often applied to help prevent this injury, however, the effects of ankle taping on balance are relatively unclear. Additionally, the dominant and non-dominant legs often have different demands placed upon them and may yield different balance scores. Twenty five healthy participants (18 female, 7 male; age=20.5±1.19 years; mass=69.24±12.72 kg; height=1.69±.087 m) completed double and single leg balance assessments with the eyes open and eyes closed under three ankle support conditions: no ankle tape, PowerTape™, and Coach™ Tape, on the Neurocom Basic BalanceMaster™. Balance assessments were completed before ankle taping (pre-test), immediately after ankle taping (acute-test), and after 20 minutes of walking (post-test). The sway velocity of the participants' center of gravity (deg/s) was the dependent variable. A significant three way interaction was found for the single leg, eyes closed assessment (P = .037), with increased sway velocity for the PowerTape™ and Coach™ tape condition. The non-dominant leg had significantly less sway velocity than the dominant leg for the eyes open condition (P < .001). These results indicate differing affects on balance for different types of athletic tape, and balance differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg, with the non-dominant leg presenting lower sway velocities.