Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lamin B Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase Cα and Proteolysis during Apoptosis in Human Leukemia HL60 Cells*

Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in signal transduction, but its involvement in apoptosis still remains unclear. In this report, the p53-null human leukemia HL60 cells were used to investigate phosphorylation and degradation of lamin B during apoptosis. We found that lamin B was phosphorylated within 1 h after addition of the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin, and that lamin B phosphorylation preceded lamin B degradation and DNA fragmentation. Using a cell-free system we also found that cytosol from camptothecin-treated cells induced lamin B phosphorylation and degradation in isolated nuclei from untreated HL60 cells. Lamin B phosphorylation was prevented by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) but not by the Cdc2 inhibitor, flavopiridol. Phosphorylation of lamin B was inhibited by immunodepletion of PKCα from activated cytosol and was restored by addition of purified PKCα. PKCα activity also increased rapidly as lamin B was phosphorylated after initiation of the apoptotic response in HL60 cells. These data suggest that lamin B is phosphorylated by PKCα and proteolyzed before DNA fragmentation in HL60 cells undergoing apoptosis.
Parameters Governing Permeate Flux in an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Treating Low‐Strength Municipal Wastewaters: A Literature Review

The objective of this review was to conduct a comprehensive literature survey to identify the parameters that govern the permeate flux in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating municipal wastewater. Based on the survey, research to date indicates that the optimal membrane system for an AnMBR consists of an organic, hydrophilic, and negatively charged membrane with a pore size of approximately 0.1 μm. The use of both external and submerged membrane configurations shows promise. The operating parameters that affect permeate flux in an external membrane system are transmembrane pressure (TMP) and cross‐flow velocity. The operating parameters that affect permeate flux in a submerged membrane system are TMP, sparging intensity, and duration of the relaxation period. Both cross‐flow velocity and sparging intensity impart a significant amount of shear force on the biomass in an AnMBR. High shear forces can reduce the microbial activity in an AnMBR. In addition, high shear forces can reduce the size of the biosolids in the mixed liquor and increase the release of soluble microbial products. In this respect, external and submerged membrane systems are expected to perform differently because the magnitude of the shear forces to which the biomass is exposed in an external membrane system is significantly greater than that in a submerged system. The size of the biosolid particles and concentration of soluble microbial products in the mixed liquor affect permeate flux. Higher concentrations of soluble microbial products may be present in the mixed liquor when an AnMBR is operated at relatively low operating temperatures. Aerobic polishing following anaerobic treatment can potentially significantly reduce the concentration of some components of the soluble microbial products in the mixed liquor. It is not possible to remove the foulant layer on an organic membrane with caustic cleaning alone. Acidic cleaning or acidic cleaning followed by caustic cleaning is required to remove the foulant layer. This suggests that both biological/organic and inorganic material contribute to membrane fouling.
Self‐efficacy, imagery use, and adherence during injury rehabilitation

Previous observational studies examining imagery, self‐efficacy, and adherence during injury rehabilitation have been cross‐sectional and thus have not provided a clear representation of what occurs over the course of the rehabilitation period. The objectives of this research were (1) to examine the temporal patterns of imagery, self‐efficacy, and rehabilitation adherence during an 8‐week rehabilitation program and (2) to identify the time–order relationships between imagery, self‐efficacy, and adherence. The design of the study was prospective and observational. 90 injured people (n=57 males; n=33 females) aged 18–78 years attending an injury rehabilitation clinic participated. The main outcome measures were imagery (cognitive, motivational, and healing), self‐efficacy (task and coping), and rehabilitation adherence (duration, quality, and frequency). Results indicated that task efficacy, imagery use, and adherence levels remained stable, while coping efficacy declined over time. During the course of rehabilitation, moderate to strong reciprocal relationships existed between self‐efficacy and adherence to rehabilitation. Weak to moderate relationships were found between imagery use and rehabilitation adherence. The results of this study can be used to inform the development of interventions steeped in self‐efficacy and imagery aimed at improving rehabilitation adherence and treatment outcome.
The Household Equity Share and Expected Market Returns

The “Household Equity Share” (HEShare), the share of the household sector's equity and credit assets allocated to equities, is a negative predictor of excess returns on the US stock market. When the household sector has a higher equity share, future excess returns to equities are lower on average. This predictability is robust to the definition of the asset classes, first versus second half of sample, and adjusting for finite sample bias. HEShare outperforms many popular forecasters of market returns, including the cyclically adjusted price-earnings ratio, the equity share in new issuances, and the consumption-wealth ratio. Our results suggest that household holdings of financial assets play an important role in setting asset prices and risk premia.
Update on Molecular Epidemiology of H1, H5, and H7 Influenza Virus Infections in Poultry in North America

Abstract Avian influenza is endemic in wild birds in North America, and the virus routinely has been transmitted from this reservoir to poultry. Influenza, once introduced into poultry, can become endemic within the poultry population. It may be successfully eradicated by human intervention, or the virus may fail to successfully spread on its own. In the last 5 yr, influenza virus has been isolated from poultry in the United States on numerous occasions, and, with the use of molecular epidemiology, the relationships of these different viruses can be determined. There are 15 different hemagglutinin subtypes of avian influenza viruses, but infections with virus of H5 and H7 subtypes are of the most concern because of the potential for these viruses to mutate to the highly pathogenic form of the virus. Most of the influenza isolations in the United States have been associated with the live-bird markets (LBMs) in the Northeast. This has included primarily H7N2 influenza viruses, but also H7N3, H5N2, and other subtypes. Most of the H7N2 viruses were part of a single lineage that was first observed in 1994, but new introductions of H7N2 and H7N3 were also observed. The predominant H7N2 LBM lineage of virus spread to large commercial poultry operations on at least three occasions since 1997, with the largest outbreak occurring in Virginia in 2002. The H5N2 viruses in the LBMs included viruses from domestic ducks, gamebirds, and environmental samples. Some H5N2 viruses isolated in different years and in different locations had a high degree of sequence relatedness, although the reservoir source, if it is endemic, has not been identified. Finally, an H1N2 virus, associated with a drop in egg production, was isolated from turkeys in Missouri in 1999. This virus was a complex reassortant with swine, human, and avian influenza genes that was similar to recent swine isolates from the Midwest. Additional serologic evidence suggests that flocks in other states were infected with a H1N2 virus.
The English Convict: A Statistical Study

science. ice The thesis maintained in this volume is that there is no physical or mental "criminal type. " The word "criminal" throughout the book is used in the sense of the legal interpretation of that word The criminal is not abnormal, ("qualitatively different") as has been formerly held, but rather is unusual ("a deviation from the normal"). Taking up the larger subdivisions to which the book readily lends itself,
TGF-Alpha mRNA Expression in Renal Organogenesis: A Study in Rat and Human Embryos

The peptides belonging to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family play a significant role in kidney development by binding the EGF receptor. Transforming growth factor-α (TGFα), a member of this family, is thought to be the fetal ligand of the EGF receptor. The present study aims to localize the TGFα transcripts in rat and human embryonic kidneys using a nonradioactive in situ hybridization method on paraffin-embedded embryonic samples. The results obtained in this study, beside demonstrating the usefulness of the nonradioactive technique for the detection of TGFα mRNA in paraffin sections, allowed TGFα-producing cells to be seen in developing kidneys. TGFα mRNA and its respective peptide were found in the primitive mesonephric structures and within metanephric blastema and ureteric bud cells. The presence of the TGFα gene transcript in the developing rat and human kidney suggests that the TGFα peptide is of embryonic origin and that it may contribute to renal organogenetic processes together with other growth factors.
The effect of comorbidity burden on health care utilization for patients with cancer using hospice.

BACKGROUND The treatment of patients with advanced cancer with multiple comorbid illnesses is complex. Although an increasing number of such patients are being referred to hospice, the comorbidity burden of this patient population is largely unknown but has implications for the complexity of care provided by hospices. This study reports the comorbidity burden in a national sample of hospice users with cancer and estimates the effect of higher comorbidity on health care use and site of death. METHODS Cross-sectional study using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data for hospice users who died of cancer in 2002 (N = 27,166). We measured comorbidity burden using the Charlson comorbidity index and used multivariable generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between comorbidity burden and the following outcomes: emergency department and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, hospitalization, hospice disenrollment, and hospital death. RESULTS Patients with cancer who used hospice had an average Charlson comorbidity index value of 1.24, including 18.8% who suffered from comorbid dementia. In analyses adjusted for patient demographics, site of primary cancer, and number of days with hospice, higher comorbidity burden was associated with higher likelihood of emergency department admission (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52, 1.87), ICU admission (OR = 3.28, 95% CI 2.45, 4.38), inpatient hospitalization (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.90, 2.42), hospice disenrollment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.29, 1.56) and hospital death (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 2.08, 3.02). CONCLUSION These findings underscore the complexity of the hospice patient population and highlight a potential need to risk adjust the per diem hospice reimbursement rates to account for increased resource requirements for hospices serving patients with higher comorbidity burden.
m-commerce technology adoption

Purpose The purpose of this study is to consolidate the state of research in mobile commerce (m-commerce) technology adoption from 2008 to 2017. This study not only reviews the evolution of m-commerce literature but also highlights the significant contribution of authors and their productive collaborations in the development of this area. Design/methodology/approach A total of 184 peer-reviewed articles focusing on m-commerce adoption were obtained after applying search criteria on Scopus database. After using inclusion and exclusion criteria to achieve the objective of this study, 86 journals were shortlisted. The study further discusses the dispersion of various m-commerce applications being explored in m-commerce literature. In addition, dominating technology adoption theories and the most used keywords have also been identified and discussed in this study. Findings This study indicates that technology acceptance model and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology are the most exploited technology adoption theories. Moreover, the dominating constructs in literature are perceived usefulness, ease of use social influence/social norm on behavior intention, attitude intention followed by performance expectancy, facilitating condition and effort expectancy influence on intention. Originality/value This study presents a detailed association rule mining and community analysis to show the association among constructs such as usefulness, ease of ease, social influence and intention as dominant group in this area. The study also identifies lesser explored constructs and indicates possible future research to validate and strengthen their understanding further.
The Emergence of a Parallel World: The Misperception Problem for Bank Balance Sheet Risk and Lending Behavior

We examine the reason that there have coexisted the two opposing views on distressed banks' lending behavior in Japan's post-bubble period: the one is the stagnant lending in a capital crunch and the other is the forbearance lending to low-quality borrowers. To this end, we address the measurement problem for bank balance sheet risk. We identify the credit supply and allocation effects of bank capital in the bank loan equation specified at loan level, thereby finding that the ``parallel worlds'', or the two opposing views, emerge because the regulatory capital does not reflect the actual condition of increased risk on bank balance sheet, while the market value of capital does. By uncovering banks' engagement in patching-up of the regulatory capital in the Japan's post-bubble period, we show that lowly market capitalized banks that had difficulty in building up adequate equity capital for their risk exposure decreased the overall supply of credits. The parallels world can emerge whenever banks are allowed to overvalue assets with their discretion, as in Japan' post-bubble period.
Markers of absorption and synthesis of cholesterol in men with type 1 diabetes

Serum cholestanol and plant sterol ratios to cholesterol, surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, are assumed to be high in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and the ratios of cholesterol precursor sterols (markers of synthesis) are assumed to be low reflecting downregulated cholesterol synthesis. To this end, we measured serum sterols with gas‐liquid‐chromatography in 56 men with T1D and in 18 controls to evaluate cholesterol metabolism. Subjects were categorised into tertiles by the cholestanol to cholesterol ratio of controls indicating low to high absorption of cholesterol.
Social capital, political trust and self rated-health: A population-based study in southern Sweden

Aim: To investigate the association between political trust (an aspect of institutional trust) and self-rated health, taking generalized (horizontal) trust in other people into account. Methods: The 2004 public health survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study answered by 27,963 respondents aged 18—80 years, yielding a 59% response rate. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between political trust in the Riksdag (national parliament) and self-rated health. Multivariate analyses of political trust and self-rated health were performed in order to investigate the importance of possible confounders. Results: Poor health was reported by 28.7% of the men and 33.2% of the women. In total, 17.3% and 11.6% of the male and female respondents, respectively, reported that they had no trust at all in the Riksdag. The addition of generalized (horizontal) trust in the multivariate models reduced the odds ratios of poor self-rated health in the ``no political trust at all'' category as compared to the ``very high political trust'' category from 2.4 (1.8—3.1) to 2.1 (1.6—2.7) among men and from 1.9 (1.4—2.4) to 1.6 (1.3—2.1) among women. Conclusions: Low political trust in the Riksdag seems to be significantly associated with poor self-rated health, even after adjustments for plausible confounders, including generalized (horizontal) trust.
Transmembrane Topology of the Protein Palmitoyl Transferase Akr1*

The two recently identified protein acyl transferases (PATs), Akr1p and Erf2p/Erf4p, point toward the DHHC protein family as a likely PAT family. The DHHC protein family, defined by the novel, zinc finger-like DHHC cysteine-rich domain (DHHC-CRD), is a diverse collection of polytopic membrane proteins extending through all eukaryotes. To define the PAT domains that are oriented to the cytoplasm and are thus available to effect the cytoplasmically limited palmitoyl modification, we have determined the transmembrane topology of the yeast PAT Akr1p. Portions of the yeast protein invertase (Suc2p) were inserted in-frame at 10 different hydrophilic sites within the Akr1 polypeptide. Three of the Akr1-Suc2-Akr1 insertion proteins were found to be extensively glycosylated, indicating that the invertase segment inserted at these Akr1p sites is luminally oriented. The remaining seven insertion proteins were not glycosylated, consistent with a cytoplasmic orientation for these sites. The results support a model in which the Akr1 polypeptide crosses the bilayer six times with the bulk of its hydrophilic domains disposed toward the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic domains include both the relatively large, ankyrin repeat-containing N-terminal domain and the DHHC-CRD, which maps to a cytosolic loop segment. Functionality of the different Akr1-Suc2-Akr1 proteins also was examined. Insertions at only 4 of the 10 sites were found to disrupt Akr1p function. Interestingly, these four sites all map cytoplasmically, suggesting key roles for these cytoplasmic domains in Akr1 PAT function. Finally, extrapolating from the Akr1p topology, topology models are proposed for other DHHC protein family members.
Water demand predictions for megacities: system dynamics modeling and implications

Sustaining the water supply in megacities is an enormous challenge. To address this challenge, it is especially important to predict water demand changes in megacities. This paper presents a system dynamics model to predict the future water demands of different sectors considering multiple factors, including population, structure of the economy, and water supply and use technologies. Compared with traditional methods such as the time series method and structure analysis method, the proposed model takes into account the interconnections, non-linear relationships and feedbacks between the various factors in a systems context. The model is applied to Beijing, a megacity with a population over 20 million and very limited water availability. It is found that the total water demand is likely to increase by at least 36.1% (up to 62.5%) by 2030 compared with that in 2011, and the water deficits vary from −0.36 × 10 9 to 1.80 × 10 9 m 3 in 2030. In addition, scenarios are designed to account for impacts associated with economic development, climate change and inter-basin water transfers. It is shown that climate change may have a large impact on the water supply reliability in Beijing. The water shortage problems can be alleviated via inter-basin water transfers.
Directional dispersal between mid‐ocean ridges: deep‐ocean circulation and gene flow in Ridgeia piscesae

This study examined relationships between bathymetrically induced deep‐ocean currents and the dispersal of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae along the northeast Pacific ridge system. A robust diagnostic model of deep‐ocean circulation in this region predicted strong southeasterly currents following contours of the Blanco Transform Fault, a 450‐km lateral offset that separates the Gorda and Juan de Fuca ridge systems. Such currents should facilitate the southward dispersal of R. piscesae larvae. Immigration rates for populations north and south of the Blanco Transform Fault were estimated from molecular population genetic data. Mitochondrial DNA evidence revealed population subdivision across the Blanco Transform Fault, and a strong directional bias in gene flow that was consistent with predictions of the circulation model. The distribution of mitochondrial diversity between the northern and southern populations of R. piscesae suggests that the Gorda Ridge tubeworms have maintained larger effective population sizes than the northern populations, a pattern that also exists in co‐occurring limpets. Together, these data suggest that the northern vent fields may experience a higher frequency of habitat turnover and consequently more rapid losses of genetic diversity.
Bridging the gap between science and practice in managing low back pain. A comprehensive spine care system in a health maintenance organization setting.

STUDY DESIGN A case study of spine care system changes in a multispecialty group practice health maintenance organization setting. OBJECTIVES To reduce unnecessary use of imaging and specialty referrals for low back pain in the primary care setting and to reduce spine surgery rates. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Results of previous research indicate that diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for low back pain are frequently used even though there is no scientific evidence of their efficacy. This indicates that low back pain care can be made more efficient by reducing the use of unproven diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for low back pain. METHODS Rates of diagnostic imaging and specialty referral rates for low back pain were monitored for 9 months before and 9 months after primary care physician education regarding appropriate low back pain evaluation and management. Spine surgery rates were also monitored before and after implementation of a nonsurgical spine clinic. RESULTS Large reductions in rates of imaging and specialty referrals for low back pain were achieved after primary care physician education. After spine clinic implementation, visits to spine surgeons dropped by approximately 50%, and spine surgery rates per thousand health plan members were reduced by 35%. CONCLUSIONS Primary care physician education regarding low back pain management can reduce use of imaging and specialty referrals without reductions in patient satisfaction, and implementation of a nonsurgical spine clinic for complex or chronic spine patients can significantly reduce spine surgery consultations and spine surgery rates.
Allergic contact dermatitis to methylisothiazolinone: Exposure from baby wipes causing hand dermatitis

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a preservative used in both cosmetic and industrial settings. In Europe it is allowed to be used in rinse‐off cosmetics only because of its propensity to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). No such legislation exists in Australia. In recent years MI without MCI has been used. In August 2010 the first cases of MI causing non‐occupational ACD were reported in Europe. The objective here was to present a case series of ACD to MI occurring in the Australian setting.