Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Thermal Conductivity of Liquids.

This note briefly summarizes new results on the thermal conductivity of liquids which will be described in greater detail in a forthcoming number of the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The results are of two kinds: in the first place measurements of the effect of pressure on thermal conductivity, and in the second place a theoretical expression for thermal conductivity. The apparatus used in the measurements was a radial flow apparatus, in which the liquid was contained in the space between two concentric metal cylinders; the axis of the inner cylinder was a source of heat which flowed out radially across the layer of liquid. The temperature difference between the outer and inner surfaces of the layer of liquid was measured, and the thermal conductivity calculated in terms of the dimensions and the temperature difference. The method is particularly adapted to the measurement of substances of low conductivity like liquids, and gave results of much regularity and consistency. It is adapted to give not only the changes of conductivity under pressure, but also the absolute values of conductivity. The accuracy of the results is probably a few tenths of one per cent. Fifteen liquids were measured in all. Many of these were the same as those for which I have previously deterniined the various thermodynamic properties under pressure.1 The pressure range of this work was that usual to all my high pressure measurements, namely 12000 kg. /cm.2. ; the measurements were also made at two temperatures, 30? and 75? Not only do the measurements give the pressure coefficient of conductivity, which has never been measured before for liquids, but also the temperature coefficient at atmospheric pressure, for which there are only a few discordant previous measurements, and the temperature coefficient of the pressure coefficient. The new experimental results are contained in table I. The results for each liquid are given in two lines, in the first line are the results for 30? and in the second those for 7 ? In the first column of figures are the values at atmospheric pressure of the absolute conductivity (in ordinary units, gm. cal. per cm.2 per sec. per degree C. per cm.), in the second column the ratio of the conductivity at 6000 kg. to that at atmospheric pressure, and in the third column the ratio of the conductivity at 12000 kg. to that at atmospheric pressure. The general results may be summarized as follows. At atmospheric pressure the conductivity decreases with rising
Anti‐centromere antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Background: Anti‐centromere autoantibodies (ACA) are frequently detected in systemic sclerosis (SScl), especially in the calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia (CREST) syndrome, in which a prevalence of 55% has been reported. The presence of ACA in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is so rare that its detection can raise serious doubts about the validity of the diagnosis. Objective: To determine the frequency of ACA positive subjects from a wide monocentric cohort of SLE patients and analyse the clinical and biological characteristics of this group. Methods: Five hundred and sixty consecutive SLE patients were systematically analysed for the presence of ACA and other autoantibodies using indirect immunofluorescence, counter‐immunoelectrophoresis, double immunodiffusion, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western‐blot. Results: ACA were detected in 11 SLE patients (1.9%); all of them were women. The CENP‐B‐specific ELISA was positive in all patients. The main clinical features of scleroderma (cutaneous sclerosis, sclerodactylia, digital ulcers, or pulmonary fibrosis) were not present in these patients, who did not differ clinically from the whole SLE group. Conclusions: ACA can be detected in patients with genuine SLE without concurrent scleroderma. Therefore, the presence of this antibody does not preclude the possibility of the diagnosis of SLE. In addition, SLE patients with ACA do not represent a different clinical subgroup.
Nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and poly(A)+ RNA in reconstituted Tpr‐less nuclei in living mammalian cells

Background: It is known that Tpr is a component of an intranuclear long filament which extends from the nuclear pore complex (NPC) into the nucleoplasm. Since the over‐expression of the full‐length of or some fragments of Tpr in living cells leads to the accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA within the nuclei, it is generally thought that a relationship exists between Tpr and the nuclear export of mRNA in mammalian cells. In contrast, the nuclear export of poly(A)+ RNA was not inhibited in a double deletion mutant of yeast Tpr homologues (Mlp1p and Mlp2p). Therefore, the precise function of Tpr remains unknown.
Thalidomide maintenance following high‐dose therapy in multiple myeloma: a UK myeloma forum phase 2 study

Thalidomide maintenance has unresolved issues regarding dosage and toxicity. We evaluated this in five dose cohorts in 100 patients. At a median follow‐up of 32·3 months, 23 patients had stopped thalidomide for disease progression, 54 for side effects. 3‐year overall and progression‐free survival was 76% and 41% respectively. Dosage did not influence disease outcome but greatly affected toxicity. Fifteen patients converted from partial remission to complete remission on thalidomide at a median of 13·5 months. Maintenance doses >200 mg were largely unachievable and peripheral neuropathy was the main toxicity. Lower doses enabled more patients to stay on the drug for a useful period of time.
Dilute Concentrations of a Psychiatric Drug Alter Behavior of Fish from Natural Populations

Unintended Recipients of Antidepressants Pharmaceuticals are used to treat a wide variety of ailments and conditions in humans. However, many animal species share physiologies, receptors, and pathways that may be acted upon by pharmaceutical compounds. Increasingly, pharmaceuticals are being found in natural aquatic systems. Such pharmaceutical pollution can cause mortality and alter development and reproduction of aquatic animals. Brodin et al. (p. 814) report that excreted drugs may also have far more subtle, yet eventually significant, impacts in natural systems. Benzodiazepines, which reduce anxiety in humans, alter social and foraging behavior in fish. European perch exposed to oxazepam were bolder, more active, less social and fed more rapidly. Anxiolytic drugs, at concentrations found in natural waterways, alter the behavior and foraging rate of wild European perch. Environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals is increasingly recognized as a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. A variety of pharmaceuticals enter waterways by way of treated wastewater effluents and remain biochemically active in aquatic systems. Several ecotoxicological studies have been done, but generally, little is known about the ecological effects of pharmaceuticals. Here we show that a benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug (oxazepam) alters behavior and feeding rate of wild European perch (Perca fluviatilis) at concentrations encountered in effluent-influenced surface waters. Individuals exposed to water with dilute drug concentrations (1.8 micrograms liter–1) exhibited increased activity, reduced sociality, and higher feeding rate. As such, our results show that anxiolytic drugs in surface waters alter animal behaviors that are known to have ecological and evolutionary consequences.
The anatomical basis for modulatory convergence in the antennal lobe of Manduca sexta

The release of neuromodulators by widely projecting neurons often allows sensory systems to alter how they process information based on the physiological state of an animal. Neuromodulators alter network function by changing the biophysical properties of individual neurons and the synaptic efficacy with which individual neurons communicate. However, most, if not all, sensory networks receive multiple neuromodulatory inputs, and the mechanisms by which sensory networks integrate multiple modulatory inputs are not well understood. Here we characterized the relative glomerular distribution of two extrinsic neuromodulators associated with distinct physiological states, serotonin (5‐HT) and dopamine (DA), in the antennal lobe (AL) of the moth Manduca sexta. By using immunocytochemistry and mass dye fills, we characterized the innervation patterns of both 5‐HT‐ and tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive processes relative to each other, to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), to projection neurons (PNs), and to several subsets of local interneurons (LNs). 5‐HT immunoreactivity had nearly complete overlap with PNs and LNs, yet no overlap with ORNs, suggesting that 5‐HT may modulate PNs and LNs directly but not ORNs. TH immunoreactivity overlapped with PNs, LNs, and ORNs, suggesting that dopamine has the potential to modulate all three cell types. Furthermore, the branching density of each neuromodulator differed, with 5‐HT exhibiting denser arborizations and TH‐ir processes being sparser. Our results suggest that 5‐HT and DA extrinsic neurons target partially overlapping glomerular regions, yet DA extends further into the region occupied by ORNs. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1859–1875, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intractable Sciatica due to Intraneural Nodular Fasciitis Detected by Positron Emission Tomography

Study Design. Case report. Objective. To describe a patient with nodular fasciitis in the sciatic nerve, detected by positron emission tomography (PET). Summary of Background Data. Severe sciatic pain is commonly caused by lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, or neoplastic lesion. These lesions are usually diagnosed by plain radiograph, myelography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Nodular fasciitis is a benign connective tissue tumor usually presenting as a firm, rapidly-growing lesion, occasionally arising in the forearm. Only 5 cases of intraneural nodular fasciitis have been reported in the published data, and although some have demonstrated mild neuropathy, none have shown nodular fasciitis with intractable sciatica. Methods. A 37-year old woman experienced severe sciatica after hitting her left buttock hard on the edge of a bathtub. Physical examination demonstrated intense radiating pain from the left buttock to the lateral calf. There was weakness in the sciatic nerve innervated musculature. She was diagnosed with piriformis syndrome in a local hospital. However, the symptoms remained unchanged after surgery, releasing the piriformis. Conventional imaging of the sciatica including plain radiograph, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a return of abnormal findings. Results. PET detected an abnormal lesion in the sciatic nerve in the posterior compartment of the patient's left thigh, indicating an intraneural tumor in the sciatic nerve. Subtotal resection was achieved and histologic evaluation of the specimen showed the typical features of nodular fasciitis. After surgery, the patient was relieved of all symptoms, with no evidence of recurrence at the recent 2-year follow-up. Conclusion. This is the first reported case of intraneural nodular fasciitis presenting with severe radiculopathy. Nodular fasciitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe sciatica. PET may be a useful tool for diagnosing sciatica of unknown origin that cannot be identified using conventional imaging tools.
Factors Influencing Compliance with Immunization Regimen among Mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria

Introduction: Immunization is one of the world’s most cost-effective health interventions that helps prevent childhood diseases. However, many infants are not usually fully vaccinated especially in developing countries. This contributes to mortality Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD) in children. This study examines factors influencing compliance with immunization regimen among nursing mothers in Moniya Community Ibadan, Nigeria. Design and methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey to collect data among nursing mothers. Systematic sampling method was used to select the households while the women were purposively selected. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the 153 respondents. Results: The study showed that 62.8% complied fully while 37.2 % did not. Some of the respondents (19.6%) did not take any vaccines for their children. Out of this, 65.4% cited child sickness as the reason for their failure to immunize their children. Side effects, waiting time, number of visits, and attitude of health care workers were other reasons for not immunizing their children. Conclusions: There should be an improvement in availability and accessibility of vaccines, immunization time should be more flexible, prompt attention and service to mothers and that health workers should be patientfriendly.
Contributions of protein phosphatases PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PP5 to the regulation of tau phosphorylation

Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau is believed to lead to neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Recent studies have shown that protein phosphatases (PPs) PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PP5 dephosphorylate tau in vitro, but the exact role of each of these phosphatases in the regulation of site‐specific phosphorylation of tau in the human brain was unknown. Hence, we investigated the contributions of these PPs to the regulation of tau phosphorylation quantitatively. We found that these four phosphatases all dephosphorylated tau at Ser199, Ser202, Thr205, Thr212, Ser214, Ser235, Ser262, Ser396, Ser404 and Ser409, but with different efficiencies toward different sites. The Km values of tau dephosphorylation catalysed by PP1, PP2A and PP5 were 8–12 µm, similar to the intraneuronal tau concentration of human brain, whereas the Km of PP2B was fivefold higher. PP2A, PP1, PP5 and PP2B accounted for ∼ 71%, ∼ 11%, ∼ 10% and ∼ 7%, respectively, of the total tau phosphatase activity of human brain. The total phosphatase activity and the activities of PP2A and PP5 toward tau were significantly decreased, whereas that of PP2B was increased in AD brain. PP2A activity negatively correlated to the level of tau phosphorylation at the most phosphorylation sites in human brains. Our findings indicate that PP2A is the major tau phosphatase that regulates its phosphorylation at multiple sites in human brain. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau is partially due to a downregulation of PP2A activity in AD brain.
In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit.

A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp. , Parabacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. after 48 h of fermentation compared with the start of the fermentation. Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides spp. These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions.
Application Oriented Dynamic Resource Allocation for Data Centers Using Docker Containers

Docker offers an opportunity for further improvement in data centers’ (DCs) efficiency. However, existing models and schemes fall short to be efficiently used for Docker container-based resource allocation. We design a novel application oriented Docker container (AODC)-based resource allocation framework to minimize the application deployment cost in DCs, and to support automatic scaling while the workload of cloud applications varies. We then model the AODC resource allocation problem considering features of Docker, various applications’ requirements, and available resources in cloud data centers, and propose a scalable algorithm for DCs with diverse and dynamic applications and massive physical resources.
Comparative Production Performances of Different Types of Quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica )

A study was conducted with four types of quail named Japanese (J), White (W), Black (BL) and Brown (Br) quail in BLRI, Savar, Dhaka to understand their productive and reproductive performances. A total of 1953 day-old chicks of quails were produced in successive two hatches. The highest fertility and hatchability were observed in White (98.13%) and Japanese (73.20%) types compared to their counterparts. White quail was significantly better for egg weight and chick weight than other the three types. The 5 th week body weights were 117.94 ± 10.70, 114.71 ± 11.13, 98.28±9.69 and 107.24±8.98 g, respectively for W, Br, J and Bl. Significantly higher body weight was found in W and Br followed by Bl and J quail at different ages. The total number of eggs upto 24 th week of age was 81.23 ± 0.67, 83.05 ± 0.69, 90.52± 0.56, and 93.31 ± 1.05 respectively, for W, Br, J and Bl and these significantly (p<0.001) differed among all genotypes. It may be concluded from the present findings that the performances of W and Bl quail were superior for body weight and egg number, respectively to the others. These findings give us more impetus for continuing the quail breeding research for producing a suitable meat type quail or egg type quail in the country.
Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum: comparison of levels of ultraviolet irradiation for vaccination of mice with cercariae

SUMMARY When cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and of S. japonicum were irradiated with various levels of u.v. light at 254 nm, their development to perfusable worms was reduced to below 1% at about 200 μW min cm−2. Cercariae attenuated with about 300 μW min cm−2 induced partial resistance against an homologous challenge infection in mice. No differences were observed between the two schistosome species when the same treatment was given to the cercariae. Thus the same u.v. dose can confer immunizing ability to cercariae of both S. mansoni and S. japonicum.
Cancer and disparities in health: Perspectives on health statistics and research questions

T he finding that black Americans, compared with white Americans, have inferior 5-year survival rates and death rates from cancer has been noted for more than 40 years. Disparities in other causes of death were noted even earlier. Race and differences in health outcomes have been topics for politicians and scientists ever since. In many respects, the academic field of health outcomes research owes its creation to concerns about disparate outcomes among the races. In America, race is a difficult, volatile topic. Medical science and the interpretation of data have been affected greatly by America’s obsession with race. The finding that there are disparities in cancer incidence and mortality is incontrovertible. The reasons for the disparities and even how to define the populations with disparities are not as clear and, indeed, are quite controversial. However populations are categorized, there are disparate influences on the cause of the disease. the course of the disease, and the outcome of the disease. Defining these influences is the most scientifically appropriate way to develop and test the interventions that may overcome these disparities.
From Cars to Carts

A modified reversal/ multiple-baseline design across three supermarkets was used to examine the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in increasing the frequency of safety belt usage in shopping carts. Following low baseline rates, safety belt usage increased significantly during a prompt plus personal contact condition at Stores 1 and 2. Safety belt usage then decreased, but remained above baseline levels, in a prompt alone condition at both stores. However, at Store 1, usage increased when the personal contact procedure was reintroduced but reversed to lower levels in a second prompt alone condition. Finally, social validity scales indicated that adult shoppers with children favored both safety belts on carts and the experimental procedures used in this study and said that they intended to use safety belts on carts in the future. Implications and directions for further research are briefly discussed.
Clinical sleep disorder profiles in a large sample of trauma survivors: An interdisciplinary view of posttraumatic sleep disturbance

P sleep disturbance exemplifies the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) nosological paradigm, “Sleep Disorder Related to Another Mental Disorder. ” According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria (see Figure 1), this disorder “involves a prominent complaint of sleep disturbance that results from a diagnosable mental disorder but that is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention. Presumably, the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the mental disorder also affect sleep-wake regulation” (p. 597) (1). Trauma survivors frequently experience prominent symptoms of insomnia and Clinical Sleep Disorder Profiles in a Large Sample of Trauma Survivors: An Interdisciplinary View of Posttraumatic Sleep Disturbance
Hyperglycaemia, Diabetes and Myocardial Infarction

As many as one-quarter of all patients admitted to hospital after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may have an elevated blood glucose concentration. Moreover hyperglycaemia in this context is associated with a poor prognosis. In this article we examine the prevalence of hyperglycaemia and the determinants of blood glucose level on patients with AM1 to assess whether the relationship between hyperglycaemia and poor outcome might be causative, and thereby potentially amenable to intervention.
Managing earthworm casts (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in turfgrass using a natural byproduct of tea oil (Camellia sp.) manufacture.

BACKGROUND Earthworm casts are a worldwide problem on golf courses and sports fields when they disrupt the playability, aesthetics and maintenance of closely mowed playing surfaces. Currently, no pesticides are labeled for earthworms in the United States. Tea seed pellets (TSPs), a saponin-rich byproduct of Camellia oleifera Abel oil manufacture, were tested for expelling earthworms and reducing casts on creeping bentgrass turf. The fate of expelled worms, methods for removing them and impacts on pest and beneficial arthropods were also evaluated. RESULTS Application of TSPs at 2.93 kg 100 m(-2), followed by irrigation, quickly expelled earthworms from the soil. A single application reduced casts by 80-95% for at least 5 weeks. Mowing or sweeping removed expelled earthworms from putting green surfaces. Most expelled earthworms burrowed down when transferred to untreated turf, but few survived. Bioassay-guided fractionation confirmed the vermicidal activity results from a mix of saponins. TSPs did not reduce the abundance of beneficial soil arthropods, nor did they control black cutworms or white grubs in treated turf. CONCLUSION TSPs are an effective botanical vermicide that could be useful for selectively managing earthworm casts on closely mowed turfgrass. They might also be used to suppress earthworms in grassy strips alongside runways to reduce bird strike hazard at airports.