Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Let's stick together” – A grounded theory exploration of interprofessional working used to provide person centered chronic back pain services

Chronic back pain is a global phenomenon and a common reason why patients seek help from health professionals. Person-centered interprofessional working is acknowledged as the main strategy for chronic back pain management; however, the complexity of chronic pain can present significant challenges for teams. Although methods used by interprofessional teams to collaborate have been previously explored, how they work together to deliver person-centered chronic back pain care has received limited attention. The aim of this study was to explore person-centered care from the perspectives of people with chronic back pain and the interprofessional teams who cared for them. A grounded theory methodology was used to capture the interprofessional team's perspectives of person-centered working. A purposive sample of four chronic back pain management teams participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus groups. Data were thematically analyzed using a constant comparative method. Three categories emerged, collective efficacy, negotiated space and team maturity, which illustrated the attributes of interprofessional teams that influenced person-centered working. The findings suggest that collective efficacy matures over time within a negotiated coalesced space and re-enforces the need for teams to stick together to ensure effective person-centered care.
Pathology of Bartonella Endocarditis in Six Dogs

In a 5-year retrospective study of dogs presenting to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis, there were 31 histologic diagnoses of valvular endocarditis. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of embedded valvular tissue, Bartonella organisms were exclusively associated with 6 out of 31 cases (19%). Confirmed Bartonella cases involved the aortic valve alone (five out of six) or in combination with the mitral valve (one of six). Microscopic features of Bartonella endocarditis were compared with valves from non-Bartonella endocarditis and with valvular change unrelated to infectious agents (endocardiosis). Features of Bartonella endocarditis included a combination of fibrosis, mineralization, endothelial proliferation, and neovascularization with variable inflammation. None of these features is specific; however, the combination is distinct both from endocarditis caused by culturable bacteria and from endocardiosis. Ultrastructural analyses revealed both extracellular and intraendothelial bacteria. Clinical history, serology, and PCR are currently necessary to establish an etiologic diagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis.
The cellular and developmental expression of hrs‐2 in rat

The molecular events underlying vesicular trafficking probably involve the formation and dissolution of protein complexes between integral components of the vesicle and its target membrane. SNAP‐25 is associated with the plasma membrane and is a component of a core protein complex thought to be essential for neurotransmitter release. We have previously characterized a protein, hrs‐2, that interacts with SNAP‐25 and inhibits secretion from permeabilized PC12 cells. The cellular localization and developmental expression patterns of a number of proteins involved in the secretion machinery have been documented. To understand more about the possible cellular role of hrs‐2, we have examined hrs‐2 distribution, developmental expression and subcellular localization in rat tissues and cell lines. We show herein that the distribution of hrs‐2 in brain and periphery parallels that of SNAP‐23/25, and that recombinant hrs‐2 binds to both SNAP‐23 and SNAP‐25. Hrs‐2 mRNA and protein are found almost ubiquitously in neurons in the brain. Hrs‐2 mRNA is expressed in the neural tube at E10 and thereafter mRNA and protein levels remain relatively constant in the whole brain through adulthood. In cultured PC12 cells, endogenous hrs‐2 is expressed in the cytoplasm and on the limiting membranes of multivesicular bodies. Overexpression of hrs‐2 in mammalian cells results in the appearance of large intracellular compartments that are labelled with hrs‐2 antibodies. The wide distribution, the interaction with SNAP‐23 and the localization on multivesicular body membranes suggest a general role for hrs‐2 in cellular machinery.
Prime ministers and the electoral cost of using the confidence vote in legislative bargaining: evidence from France

Abstract Do prime ministers pay an electoral penalty for using procedural force to pass laws? Influential theories of parliamentary governance and legislative bargaining assume that the use of the confidence vote procedure – parliamentary governments’ most powerful legislative weapon – entails an electoral cost, but evidence on this important claim has been scarce. This article provides the first estimates of how prime ministers’ public approval responds to their use of the confidence vote. Analysing time series data from France 1979–2008, it is found that prime ministers experience a considerable drop in approval after their use of the confidence vote that is not accounted for by standard economic and political covariates. The effect size is similar to a 1 per cent decline in economic growth. The findings help explain French prime ministers’ selective use of the confidence vote procedure. They also suggest that political costs constrain the bargaining power conferred by the confidence vote.
Health Status and Associated Health Risks among Female Marriage Immigrants in Korea

Objectives: This study aims to identify health status and health risks among female marriage immigrants to Korea and to provide a basis for public health strategies to address their health issues. Methods: The participants of the study were 3,069 immigrant wives. The health examination was conducted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP) in 2008. The participants also completed self-administered questionnaires on demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and mental health. Results: Patterns of immigrant women's health problems differed by age and country of origin. Behavior patterns also differed by their heritage, age, and years of residence in Korea. Generally Vietnamese women fell in lower ranges of disease prevalence and health risk factors in the participant group and Japanese women presented most healthy eating habits. Filipina women showed relatively high disease prevalence than any other group. Conclusion: Immigration to Korea by marriage is relatively a new phenomenon, thus continuing surveillance and research are needed to identify health risks, behavior patterns, and their relationships. Interventions and policies for the health of migrant wives, their children and families are required.
Granulomatous inflammation in Acanthamoeba sclerokeratitis

This report describes the histopathological findings in a patient with Acanthamoeba sclerokeratitis (ASK). A 58-year-old patient with ASK underwent enucleation and sections of the cornea and sclera were subjected to histopathology and immunohistochemistry with monoclonal mouse antihuman antibodies against T cell CD3 and B cell CD20 antigens. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections of the cornea revealed epithelial ulceration, Bowman's membrane destruction, stromal vascularization, infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells (MNGC). The areas of scleritis showed complete disruption of sclera collagen, necrosis and infiltration with neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and granulomatous inflammation with MNGC. No cyst or trophozoites of Acanthamoeba were seen in the cornea or sclera. Immunophenotyping revealed that the population of lymphocytes was predominantly of T cells. Granulomatous inflammation in ASK is probably responsible for the continuance and progression of the scleritis and management protocols should include immunosuppressive agents alongside amoebicidal drugs.
PENGARUH RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE), PRICE EARNING RATIO (PER), TOTAL ASSET TURN OVER (TATO) DAN PRICE TO BOOK VALUE (PBV) TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2008-2014)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ROE, PER, TATO dan PBV terhadap Return Saham pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2008-2014. Penelitian ini menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi return saham. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah ROE, PER, TATO dan PBV. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari hasil BEI periode tahun 2008-2014. Sedangkan metode pengambilan sampel di lapangan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Metode Purposive sampling adalah tehnik sampling dengan memilih sampel purposif atau sampel bertujuan secara subyektif. Maka didapatkan sampel 12 perusahaan selama 7 tahun berturut-turut sehingga diperoleh 84 observasi. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji F dan koefisien determinasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan terhadap seluruh data yang diperoleh, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1). ROE mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham, terbukti dari nilai Sig. (pvalue) = 0,004 ttabel (1,990) sehingga hipotesis 1 dapat diterima. 2). PER mempunyai pengaruh yang negatif dan signifikan terhadap return saham, terbukti dari nilai Sig. (pvalue) = 0,000 0,05 dan thitung (1,840) ttabel (1,990) sehingga hipotesis 4 dapat diterima. Kata Kunci : ROE, PER, TATO, PBV dan Return Saham
Differences in resource use and costs of primary care in a large HMO according to physician specialty.

OBJECTIVE To determine if primary care physician specialty is associated with differences in use of health services. DATA SOURCES Automated outpatient diagnostic, utilization, and cost data on 15,223 members (35-85 years of age) of a large group model HMO. STUDY DESIGN One-year prospective comparison of primary care provided by 245 general internists (GIMs), 60 family physicians (FPs), and 55 subspecialty internists (SIMs) with case-mix assessed during a nine-month baseline period using Ambulatory Diagnostic Groups. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Adjusting for demographics and case mix, patients of GIMs and FPs had similar hospitalization and ambulatory visit rates, and similar laboratory and radiology costs. Patients of FPs made fewer visits to dermatology, psychiatry, and gynecology (combined visit rate ratio: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96). However, they made more urgent care visits (rate ratio 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.23). Patients of SIMs had higher hospitalization rates than those of GIMs (rate ratio 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.68), greater use of urgent care (rate ratio: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25), and higher costs for pharmacy (cost ratio: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.93-1.18) and radiologic services (cost ratio: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30). The hospitalization difference was due partly to the inclusion of patients with specialty-related diagnoses in panels of SIMs. Radiology and pharmacy differences persisted after excluding these patients. CONCLUSIONS In this uniform practice environment, specialty differences in primary care practice were small. Subspecialists used slightly more resources than generalists. The broader practice style of FPs may have created access problems for their patients.
Killer immunoglobulin receptor genes in spondyloarthritis

Purpose of reviewWe focus on the role of killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) interactions with the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-B27 ligand and the potential contribution of KIR-expressing natural killer and T cells in spondyloarthritis, more specifically in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Recent findingsIn AS strong epidemiological evidence of significant genetic associations with the major histocompatibility complex was convincingly identified. HLA-B27-positive first-degree relatives of AS cases are 5–16 times more likely to develop disease than HLA-B27-positive carriers in the general community. The GWAS era has enabled rapid progress in identifying non-major histocompatibility complex associations of AS. SummaryThese findings show a number of important pathways in AS pathogenesis, including the IL-23–IL-17 pathway, aminopeptidases, peptide presentation, and KIR–HLA-B27 interactions. Studies using genetic markers, including KIRs may be used for a risk assessment about whom may benefit most from the various treatment protocols in spondyloarthritis, now that alternative therapeutic options have become feasible.
Model of Acceptance with Peer Support: A Social Network Perspective to Understand Employees' System Use

Prior research has extensively studied individual adoption and use of information systems, primarily using beliefs as predictors of behavioral intention to use a system that in turn predicts system use. We propose a model of acceptance with peer support (MAPS) that integrates prior individual-level research with social networks constructs. We argue that an individual's embeddedness in the social network of the organizational unit implementing a new information system can enhance our understanding of technology use. An individual's coworkers can be important sources of help in overcoming knowledge barriers constraining use of a complex system, and such interactions with others can determine an employee's ability to influence eventual system configuration and features. We incorporate network density (reflecting "get-help" ties for an employee) and network centrality (reflecting "give-help" ties for an employee), drawn from prior social network research, as key predictors of system use. Further, we conceptualize valued network density and valued network centrality, both of which take into account ties to those with relevant system-related information, knowledge, and resources, and employ them as additional predictors. We suggest that these constructs together are coping and influencing pathways by which they have an effect on system use. We conducted a 3-month long study of 87 employees in one business unit in an organization. The results confirmed our theory that social network constructs can significantly enhance our understanding of system use over and above predictors from prior individual-level adoption research.
Apolipoprotein E and cognitive change in an elderly population

The apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 allele is overrepresented, and the apoE ε2 allele underrepresented, in Alzheimer's disease. To assess the risk of cognitive impairment in individuals with these genotypes in the general population, we studied a population‐based sample of 1,899 individuals 65 years and older as a follow‐up to the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study. Multiple regression and logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant effects of apoE ε4 and apoE ε2 in predicting performance on a delayed recall task over a 4‐ to 7‐year period. The magnitude of this effect was, however, fairly modest, with odds ratios for developing impairment of approximately 1.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.007, 1.850; p = 0.045) for apoE ε4 and 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.368, 0.777; p = 0.001) for apoE ε2. These effects were more pronounced in women than men. Importantly, 85% of elderly apoE ε4/4 individuals (average age, 81) scored in the unimpaired range on a screening mental status test. Thus, many individuals reach old age without cognitive impairment despite inheritance of one or two apoE ε4 alleles. This suggests that apoE genotyping will have limited utility as a diagnostic or prognostic indicator of cognitive decline in individuals.
Renal Metabolic Programming Is Linked to the Dynamic Regulation of a Leptin‐Klf15 Axis and Akt/AMPK&agr; Signaling in Male Offspring of Obese Dams

&NA; Childhood obesity is associated with renal diseases. Maternal obesity is a risk factor linked to increased adipocytokines and metabolic disorders in the offspring. Therefore, we studied the impact of maternal obesity on renal‐intrinsic insulin and adipocytokine signaling and on renal function and structure. To induce maternal obesity, female mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD; control group) prior to mating, during gestation, and throughout lactation. A third group of dams was fed HFD only during lactation (HFD‐Lac). After weaning at postnatal day (P)21, offspring of all groups received SD. Clinically, HFD offspring were overweight and insulin resistant at P21. Although no metabolic changes were detected at P70, renal sodium excretion was reduced by 40%, and renal matrix deposition increased in the HFD group. Mechanistically, two stages were differentiated. In the early stage (P21), compared with the control group, HFD showed threefold increased white adipose tissue, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperleptinemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Renal leptin/Stat3‐signaling was activated. In contrast, the Akt/ AMPK&agr; cascade and Krüppel‐like factor 15 expression were decreased. In the late stage (P70), although no metabolic differences were detected in HFD when compared with the control group, leptin/Stat3‐signaling was reduced, and Akt/AMPK&agr; was activated in the kidneys. This effect was linked to an increase of proliferative (cyclinD1/D2) and profibrotic (ctgf/collagen III&agr;1) markers, similar to leptin‐deficient mice. HFD‐Lac mice exhibited metabolic changes at P21 similar to HFD, but no other persistent changes. This study shows a link between maternal obesity and metabolic programming of renal structure and function and intrinsic‐renal Stat3/Akt/AMPK&agr; signaling in the offspring.
THE RESULTS OF REDUCED‐SIZE LIVER TRANSPLANTATION, INCLUDING SPLIT LIVERS, IN PATIENTS WITH END‐STAGE LIVER DISEASE 1

We initiated a policy of using RSLT in critically ill patients in June of 1988. Since that time we have performed 30 RSLTs in 29 patients, including 28 children and 1 adult. The mean age of the children was 27 months (range 1 month to 10 years) with 14 (52%) being 1 year of age or less. The mean weight was 11.3 kg (range 2-50 kg) with 20 being 10 kg or less. A total of 22 patients were in the intensive care unit at the time of RSLT including 9 who were intubated. Of the 30 RSLTs, 23 were performed as a primary transplant while 7 were retransplants. Indications for primary transplantation included biliary atresia (n = 11), fulminant hepatic failure (n = 5), neonatal hepatitis (n = 4) and others (n = 3). The RSLT was used in retransplantation for primary nonfunction (n = 2), hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 2), chronic rejection (n = 2), and herpetic hepatitis (n = 1). The size reductions included 18 left lobes, 7 left lateral segments, and 5 right lobes. This group includes the use of the split-liver technique, which was applied to 10 patients (5 livers). The median donor/recipient weight ratio for left lobe transplants was 2:1; left lateral segments was 7.3:1; and right lobes 1.6:1. One year actuarial patient and graft survivals were 68 and 65%, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 10.6 months. The number of children dying awaiting transplantation has been significantly reduced following the introduction of RSLD (3 of 115, 2.6% vs. 12 of 95, 13%; P less than 0.02).
Screening strategies to identify new chemical diversity for drug development to treat kinetoplastid infections

SUMMARY The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) has defined and implemented an early discovery strategy over the last few years, in fitting with its virtual R&D business model. This strategy relies on a medium- to high-throughput phenotypic assay platform to expedite the screening of compound libraries accessed through its collaborations with partners from the pharmaceutical industry. We review the pragmatic approaches used to select compound libraries for screening against kinetoplastids, taking into account screening capacity. The advantages, limitations and current achievements in identifying new quality series for further development into preclinical candidates are critically discussed, together with attractive new approaches currently under investigation.
Vibriocidal activity of certain medicinal plants used in Indian folklore medicine by tribals of Mahakoshal region of central India

Objectives: Screening of the medicinal plants and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Materials and Methods: A simple in vitro screening assay was employed for the standard strain of Vibrio cholerae, 12 isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aqueous and organic solvent extracts of different parts of the plants were investigated by using the disk diffusion method. Extracts from 16 medicinal plants were selected on account of the reported traditional uses for the treatment of cholera and gastrointestinal diseases, and they were assayed for vibriocidal activities. Results: The different extracts differed significantly in their vibriocidal properties with respect to different solvents. The MIC values of the plant extracts against test bacteria were found to be in the range of 2.5-20 mg/ml. Conclusions: The results indicated that Lawsonia inermis, Saraca indica, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia belerica, Allium sativum, and Datura stramonium served as broad-spectrum vibriocidal agents.
Host compatibility rather than vector–host-encounter rate determines the host range of avian Plasmodium parasites

Blood-feeding arthropod vectors are responsible for transmitting many parasites between vertebrate hosts. While arthropod vectors often feed on limited subsets of potential host species, little is known about the extent to which this influences the distribution of vector-borne parasites in some systems. Here, we test the hypothesis that different vector species structure parasite–host relationships by restricting access of certain parasites to a subset of available hosts. Specifically, we investigate how the feeding patterns of Culex mosquito vectors relate to distributions of avian malaria parasites among hosts in suburban Chicago, IL, USA. We show that Plasmodium lineages, defined by cytochrome b haplotypes, are heterogeneously distributed across avian hosts. However, the feeding patterns of the dominant vectors (Culex restuans and Culex pipiens) are similar across these hosts, and do not explain the distributions of Plasmodium parasites. Phylogenetic similarity of avian hosts predicts similarity in their Plasmodium parasites. This effect was driven primarily by the general association of Plasmodium parasites with particular host superfamilies. Our results suggest that a mosquito-imposed encounter rate does not limit the distribution of avian Plasmodium parasites across hosts. This implies that compatibility between parasites and their avian hosts structure Plasmodium host range.
Effects of repeated cocaine administration on alcohol consumption.

OBJECTIVE Alcohol consumption (alcohol preference or alcohol intake) in animals is an index of human drinking behavior. Cocaine is the most frequently abused drug at present. Therefore, an increasing number of cases demonstrating concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine is being noted. We examined whether cocaine affects alcohol consumption and studied the mechanism of change in alcohol consumption following cocaine administration. METHOD We measured alcohol consumption in inbred mice, C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ, when 10 or 50 mg/kg cocaine was administered intraperitoneally once a day for 1 week. Then the rate of blood ethanol disappearance from C57BL/6J mice in vivo was measured. Also, liver alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) activity in vitro were measured in the C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Following 50 mg/kg cocaine administration, alcohol consumption was reduced in C57BL/6J mice, but there was no clear change in C3H/HeJ mice. The rate of blood ethanol disappearance was not changed by pretreatment with cocaine. Neither liver ADH nor ALDH activity was changed by repeated cocaine administration. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that repeated cocaine administration decreased alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J mice without altering the metabolism of ethanol.