Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Irrational Drug use at a District Hospital in Zambia: Patient Record-based Observations

Background : The irrational use of drugs remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The prevalence of irrational drug use and factors associated with it were investigated at Kapiri Mposhi District Hospital in Zambia. Methods : The outpatient records (n = 680) of clinical encounters from the hospital registry department for the year 2010 were analysed. The selection process adapted a random sampling method using the patient logbook in order to get a representative sample. Standardised World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing and facility indicators were used to describe irrational drug use. The composite measure of irrational drug use was used to determine the prevalence of irrational drug use at the hospital. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with irrational drug use. In addition, a selfadministered questionnaire was administered to assess the availability of key medical personnel at the hospital. Findings : Overall prevalence of irrational drug use was 51.4% (n = 680) at Kapiri Mposhi District Hospital Outpatient Department. Disaggregating the composite indicators revealed that antibiotics (65.4%) and polypharmacy (52.2%) were the highest contributors to irrational drug use. A mean of 2.5 (SD 1.07) drugs were prescribed, with a low rate of prescribing by generic name 56.9% (95%CI 52.4-58.8). The proportion of prescriptions for antibiotics was 65.4% (95%CI 61.7- 68.9) and for injections, it was 9.7% (95%CI 7.48-11.9). A high percentage of drugs were from the essential drugs list (95.9%) while drug availability was 92%. The essential drug list was not available at the hospital. The availability of prescribers was 55% whereas that of dispensers was 67%. In multivariate logistic regression, polypharmacy was the main determinant of irrational drug use. A oneunit increase in drug use increased the odds of using antibiotics by 2.7 times (P < 0.001; OR=2.68, 95%CI 2.20-3.25) and injections by 2.3 times (P < 0.001; OR=2.28, 95%CI 1.75-2.97). Conclusion : The prevalence of irrational drug use at Kapiri Mposhi District Hospital was high suggesting the need for rationalisation. Overuse of antibiotics, polypharmacy and the use of non-generic names were the identified drug-use problems. These findings suggested that there is a need for continuous monitoring of rational prescribing of drugs and strengthening of factors that support the rational use of drugs.
Distributionally Robust Losses Against Mixture Covariate Shifts

Modern large-scale datasets are often collected over heterogeneous subpopulations, such as multiple demographic groups or multiple text corpora. Minimizing average loss over such datasets fails to guarantee uniformly low losses across all subpopulations. We propose a convex procedure that controls the worst-case performance over all subpopulations of a certain size. Our procedure comes with finite-sample optimality guarantees on the worst off subpopulation, and converges at the standard nonparametric rate. Empirically, we observe on lexical similarity and recidivism prediction tasks that our worst-case procedure learns models that do well against unseen subpopulations.
Evaluation of Apparent Digestibility of Fish Meal , Sunflower Meal and Rice Polishings for Labeo rohita

The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), protein (CP), fat and gross energy (GE) of three feed ingredients Fish meal, sunflower meal and rice polishing for Labeo rohita was studied by using chromic oxide as a dietary marker. The experimental diets consisted of a mixture of reference diet 69.3 percent and test ingredients 29.7 percent. Apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of DM was highest (67.77% + 6.81) for fish meal followed by sunflower meal (38.18% + 0.63) and rice polishing (21.63% + 20.46). Apparent CP digestibility was highest (88.84% + 4.90) for the fish meal and was followed by sunflower meal (71.46% + 1.54) and rice polishing (70.22% + 8.62). For fat apparent digestibility was highest (82.37% + 6.26) for sunflower meal and next highest values in the descending order were (80.36% + 3.07) for fish meal and (38.38% + 1.51) for rice polishing. The apparent digestibility for GE was highest (93.64% + 9.34) for fish meal and this was followed by the rice polishing (77.47% + 10.02) and sunflower meal (67.29 % + 3.50).
DCASE 2018 TASK 5 CHALLENGE TECHNICAL REPORTS: SOUND EVENT CLASSIFICATION BY A DEEP NEURAL NETWORK WITH ATTENTION AND MINIMUM VARIANCE DISTORTIONLESS RESPONSE ENHANCEMENT Technical Report

In this technical report, we propose a sub-band convolution neural network with residual building blocks as a sound event detection system. Our system performs not only the clip-wise prediction of the task 5 but also the frame-wise prediction, which can be regarded as multi-task learning. The frame-wise labels are all transformed from the original weak labels by label smoothing with the energy of the frames. With the multi-task learning, we believe such framewise prediction can concentrate on the most important part from the weakly-labeled dataset. In addition, we attempted to preprocess the input signals by array-based methods and, depending on the sound classes, mixed results are reported in terms of the F1-score.
WHO OWNS THE DIAMONDS? THE OCCULT ECO-NOMY OF DIAMOND MINING IN SIERRA LEONE

ABSTRACT Much of the literature on Sierra Leonean diamonds focuses on the role that this mineral resource played in the recent civil conflict (1991–2002). However, the political-economic perspective that is common to these analyses has lost sight of the main actors in this social reality. What do miners think of diamonds? Like their Malagasy colleagues engaged in the search for sapphires, the Sierra Leonean diamond miners often maintain that they do not know what diamonds could possibly be used for. What is specific to the diamond mining areas in this West African country is that suspicions and fantasies about the uses of diamonds go hand in hand with the idea that these precious stones belong to invisible spiritual entities known locally as djinns or dεbul dεn. Although this article aims to analyse the occult imaginary of diamond miners, it takes a different stand from the occult economies approach. By combining a historical-imaginative perspective with a historical and ecological one, this article intends to highlight the indissoluble interweaving of material and imaginative processes of artisanal diamond production in the context of Sierra Leone's mines. RÉSUMÉ L'essentiel de la littérature consacrée aux diamants de la Sierra Leone porte sur le rôle qu'a joué cette ressource minérale dans le conflit civil récent (1991–2002). Or, la perspective politico-économique commune à ces analyses a perdu de vue les principaux acteurs de cette réalité sociale. Que pensent les mineurs des diamants ? Tout comme leurs homologues malgaches en quête de saphirs, les mineurs de diamants de la Sierra Leone soutiennent souvent qu'ils ne savent pas à quoi peuvent servir les diamants. Ce qui est spécifique aux zones minières de diamants de ce pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest est le fait que les soupçons et les fantasmes concernant l'utilisation des diamants vont de pair avec l'idée que ces pierres précieuses appartiennent à des entités spirituelles invisibles connues localement sous le nom de djinns ou dεbul dεn. Bien qu'il vise à analyser l'imaginaire occulte des mineurs de diamants, cet article prend une position différente concernant l'approche des économies occultes. En conjuguant une perspective historico-imaginative et une perspective historico-écologique, cet article entend souligner l'imbrication indissoluble de processus matériels et imaginatifs de production artisanale de diamants dans le contexte des mines de la Sierra Leone.
Photosynthesis across African cassava germplasm is limited by Rubisco and mesophyll conductance at steady state, but by stomatal conductance in fluctuating light

Summary Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to see a 55% increase in food demand by 2035, where cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the most widely planted crop and a major calorie source. Yet, cassava yield in this region has not increased significantly for 13 yr. Improvement of genetic yield potential, the basis of the first Green Revolution, could be realized by improving photosynthetic efficiency. First, the factors limiting photosynthesis and their genetic variability within extant germplasm must be understood. Biochemical and diffusive limitations to leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake under steady state and fluctuating light in 13 farm-preferred and high-yielding African cultivars were analyzed. A cassava leaf metabolic model was developed to quantify the value of overcoming limitations to leaf photosynthesis. At steady state, in vivo Rubisco activity and mesophyll conductance accounted for 84% of the limitation. Under nonsteady-state conditions of shade to sun transition, stomatal conductance was the major limitation, resulting in an estimated 13% and 5% losses in CO2 uptake and water use efficiency, across a diurnal period. Triose phosphate utilization, although sufficient to support observed rates, would limit improvement in leaf photosynthesis to 33%, unless improved itself. The variation of carbon assimilation among cultivars was three times greater under non-steady state compared to steady state, pinpointing important overlooked breeding targets for improved photosynthetic efficiency in cassava.
Impacts of agro-climates and land use systems on culturable microbial population in soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains , India

Alok Kumar Srivastava*, Kulandaivelu Velmourougane, T. Bhattacharyya, D. Sarkar, D. K. Pal, J. Prasad, G. S. Sidhu, K. M. Nair, A. K. Sahoo, T. H. Das, R. S. Singh, R. Srivastava, T. K. Sen, S. Chatterji, P. Chandran, S. K. Ray, N. G. Patil, G. P. Obireddy, S. K. Mahapatra, K. S. Anil Kumar, K. Das, A. K. Singh, S. K. Reza, D. Dutta, C. Mandal, D. K. Mandal, S. Srinivas, P. Tiwary, K. Karthikeyan, M. V. Venugopalan, Mausumi Raychaudhuri, D. K. Kundu, K. G. Mandal, Ashutosh Kumar, G. Kar, S. L. Durge, G. K. Kamble, M. S. Gaikwad, A. M. Nimkar, S. V. Bobade, S. G. Anantwar, S. Patil, K. M. Gaikwad, V. T. Sahu, H. Bhondwe, S. S. Dohtre, S. Gharami, S. G. Khapekar, A. Koyal, Sujatha, B. M. N. Reddy, P. Sreekumar, D. P. Dutta, L. Gogoi, V. N. Parhad, A. S. Halder, R. Basu, R. Singh, B. L. Jat, D. L. Oad, N. R. Ola, K. Wadhai, M. Lokhande, V. T. Dongare, A. Hukare, N. Bansod, A. Kolhe, J. Khuspure, H. Kuchankar, D. Balbuddhe, S. Sheikh, B. P. Sunitha, B. Mohanty, D. Hazarika, S. Majumdar, R. S. Garhwal, A. Sahu, S. Mahapatra, S. Puspamitra, N. Gautam, B. A. Telpande, A. M. Nimje, C. Likhar and S. Thakre National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, India Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, India International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, India Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, India
Goal-setting in physiotherapy: exploring a person-centered perspective

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze definitions and related requirements, processes, and operationalization of person-centered goal-setting in the physiotherapy research literature; to discuss those findings in relation to underlying principles of person-centeredness; and to provide an initial framework for how person-centered goal-setting could be conceptualized and operationalized in physiotherapy. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the databases: CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro, PsycINFO, REHABdata and Scopus. A content analysis was performed on how person-centered goal-setting was described. Results: A total of 21 articles were included in the content analysis. Five categories were identified: 1) Understanding goals that are meaningful to the patients; 2) Setting goals in collaboration; 3) Facing challenges with person-centered goal-setting; 4) Developing skills by experiences and education; and 5) Changing interaction and reflective practice. These categories were abstracted into two higher-ordered interlaced themes: 1) To seek mutual understanding of what is meaningful to the patient; and 2) To refine physiotherapy interaction skills, which we suggest would be useful for further conceptualization. Conclusion: In this analysis, we interpreted person-centered goal-setting in physiotherapy as a process of interaction toward a mutual understanding of what is meaningful to the patient. Future research may explore how to integrate mindful listening, embodied interaction and continuous ethical reflection with different assessments and treatment methods.
Valuing the impact of health and social care programs using social return on investment analysis: how have academics advanced the methodology? A systematic review

Objectives To identify how social return on investment (SROI) analysis—traditionally used by business consultants—has been interpreted, used and innovated by academics in the health and social care sector and to assess the quality of peer-reviewed SROI studies in this sector. Design Systematic review. Settings Community and residential settings. Participants A wide range of demographic groups and age groups. Results The following databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Econlit, Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Emerald, Social Care Online and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Limited uptake of SROI methodology by academics was found in the health and social care sector. From 868 papers screened, 8 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Study quality was found to be highly variable, ranging from 38% to 90% based on scores from a purpose-designed quality assessment tool. In general, relatively high consistency and clarity was observed in the reporting of the research question, reasons for using this methodology and justifying the need for the study. However, weaknesses were observed in other areas including justifying stakeholders, reporting sample sizes, undertaking sensitivity analysis and reporting unexpected or negative outcomes. Most papers cited links to additional materials to aid in reporting. There was little evidence that academics had innovated or advanced the methodology beyond that outlined in a much-cited SROI guide. Conclusion Academics have thus far been slow to adopt SROI methodology in the evaluation of health and social care interventions, and there is little evidence of innovation and development of the methodology. The word count requirements of peer-reviewed journals may make it difficult for authors to be fully transparent about the details of their studies, potentially impacting the quality of reporting in those studies published in these journals. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018080195.
Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects.

OBJECTIVE The aim is to review the most important aspects about tooth whitening treatments, their side effects, and the new emerging approaches to overcome them. OVERVIEW This review is focused on origin of tooth stains, the whitening systems and their chemistry, their side effects, and the new approaches. The search of bibliography of the period 1965-2018 has been analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Tooth whitening has become one of the most requested dental treatments by the public. Tooth stains are classified according to their origin into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic. The whitening systems are generally organized into two classes: in-office and at-home products. Most of the whitening systems use hydrogen peroxide as the active oxidative agent to degrade the organic compounds that cause stains. The concentration ranges depending on the treatment, and it may be applied directly or produced in a chemical reaction from carbamide peroxide that is more stable. Besides its popularity, tooth whitening still has some side effects being tooth hypersensitivity the most common. In order to decrease these side effects, new treatments are constantly in renewal processes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite all the data and new strategies known about tooth whitening, there are many aspects that are not totally fully understood and methodologies that are not completely effective. Therefore, the development of effective, efficient, and long-lasting whitening treatments is still necessary.
The Cognitive Architecture of Perceived Animacy: Intention, Attention, and Memory

Human vision supports social perception by efficiently detecting agents and extracting rich information about their actions, goals, and intentions. Here, we explore the cognitive architecture of perceived animacy by constructing Bayesian models that integrate domain-specific hypotheses of social agency with domain-general cognitive constraints on sensory, memory, and attentional processing. Our model posits that perceived animacy combines a bottom-up, feature-based, parallel search for goal-directed movements with a top-down selection process for intent inference. The interaction of these architecturally distinct processes makes perceived animacy fast, flexible, and yet cognitively efficient. In the context of chasing, in which a predator (the "wolf") pursues a prey (the "sheep"), our model addresses the computational challenge of identifying target agents among varying numbers of distractor objects, despite a quadratic increase in the number of possible interactions as more objects appear in a scene. By comparing modeling results with human psychophysics in several studies, we show that the effectiveness and efficiency of human perceived animacy can be explained by a Bayesian ideal observer model with realistic cognitive constraints. These results provide an understanding of perceived animacy at the algorithmic level-how it is achieved by cognitive mechanisms such as attention and working memory, and how it can be integrated with higher-level reasoning about social agency.
Liberation Technology

The Internet, mobile phones, and other forms of “liberation technology” enable citizens to express opinions, mobilize protests, and expand the horizons of freedom. Autocratic governments are also learning to master these technologies, however. Ultimately, the contest between democrats and autocrats will depend not just on technology, but on political organization and strategy.
Myosteatosis to predict inferior perioperative outcome in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation

Muscle wasting and alterations of body composition are linked to clinical outcomes in numerous medical conditions. The role of myosteatosis in posttransplant outcomes remains to be determined. Here we investigated skeletal muscle mass and myosteatosis as prognostic factors in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The data of 225 consecutive OLT recipients from a prospective database were retrospectively analyzed (May 2010‐December 2017). Computed tomography–based skeletal‐muscle‐index (muscle mass), visceral‐fat‐area (visceral adiposity), and mean skeletal‐muscle‐radiation‐attenuation (myosteatosis) were calculated using a segmentation tool. Cut‐off values of myosteatosis resulted in a good stratification of patients into low‐ and high‐risk groups in terms of morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo ≥3b). Patients with myosteatosis had significantly higher complication rates (90‐day Comprehensive Complication Index 68 ± 32 vs 44 ± 30, P < .001) and also displayed significantly longer intensive care (18 ± 25 vs 11 ± 21 days, P < .001) and hospital stay (56 ± 55 vs 33 ± 24 days, P < .001). Estimated costs were 44% higher compared to patients without myosteatosis. Multivariable analysis identified myosteatosis as an independent prognostic factor for major morbidity (odds ratio: 2.772, confidence interval: 1.516‐5.066, P = .001). Adding myosteatosis to the well‐established Balance‐of‐Risk‐(BAR) score resulted in an increased prognostic value compared to the original BAR score. Myosteatosis may be a useful parameter to predict perioperative outcome in patients undergoing OLT, supporting the role of muscle quality (myosteatosis) over quantity (muscle mass) in this setting.
ScholarWorks @ UTRGV ScholarWorks @ UTRGV Analysts’ activities and the timing of returns: Implications for Analysts’ activities and the timing of returns: Implications for predicting returns predicting returns

This study examines the influence of analysts on the timing of returns associated with firms’ earnings news, and the implications for returns prediction. This is important for determining the lapse between the time when pieces of earnings news are available, when such news are incorporated in prices, and the implications for a returns trading strategy based on earnings prediction. The results show that depending on the level of analysts’ forecasting activities for a firm, there is a significant variation in the timing of the returns associated with the firm’s total, industry-wide and firm-specific components of earnings news. For firms that are subject to high (low and none) analysts’ forecasting activities, the returns in a given period tend to be more associated with the contemporaneous and future (lagged and contemporaneous) earnings news. A returns trading strategy based on earnings prediction, would want to impound earnings information from the analysts’ forecasts of the firms with more analysts’ forecasting activities into the earnings forecasts of firms with less forecasting activities.
Object Wake-up: 3D Object Rigging from a Single Image

In this section, we describe missing details of our proposed network for 3D object wake-up. For the reconstruction stage, as shown in Fig. 1, taking a single RGB image as input, and going through the Transformer based image encoder, the network predicts the occupancy probability for the sampled points from the deep implicit function. In addition, following the common encoder-decoder design for occupancy prediction, we also incorporate an auxiliary voxel prediction branch with a 3D CNN decoder to further improve the performance.
Long-term assessment of root coverage stability using connective tissue graft with or without an epithelial collar for gingival recession treatment. A 12-year follow-up from a randomized clinical trial.

AIM To evaluate the long-term root coverage outcomes of coronally advanced flap plus a connective tissue graft with (CAF + CTG) or without an epithelial collar (CAF + ECTG), and evaluate the adjacent treated sites included in the flap. METHODS Seventeen of the original 20 subjects included in the randomized clinical trial were available at 12 years (43 sites). mean root coverage (mRC), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival thickness (GT) on the grafted and adjacent sites were evaluated and compared with baseline and 6 months. RESULT There was a reduction in the mRC at all sites: 16.52% in the CAF + CTG (P>0.05), 19.42% in the CAF + ECTG (P<0.05), and 34.12% in the CAF-alone (adjacent treated sites) group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed within the groups for changes in KTW, GT, and clinical attachment level (CAL) (p>0.05). KTW at baseline and at 6 months were found to be predictors for the stability of the gingival margin in the long-term. CONCLUSIONS CAF + CTG and CAF + ECTG were found equally efficacious in maintaining the levels of the gingival margin with a small amount of relapse over the period of 12 years while CAF-alone sites showed a greater gingival recession (GR) reoccurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.