Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vocal Health of Middle School and High School Choral Directors

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Dr. Edward P. Asmus. No. of pages in the text. (95) Teachers are considered professional voice users because they depend on the regular and uninterrupted use of the voice. The nature of teaching requires more extensive use of the voice than other professions. Therefore, teachers are faced with a greater risk of developing voice problems. In addition to using the voice to present content to students, teachers must also manage the classroom and student behavior. All of these activities have potential to compromise vocal integrity. The purpose of this study was to examine the vocal health of selected middle school and high school choral directors. Specifically, it explored relationships between vocal health condition as determined by the modified Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and self-report vocal health rating and (a) age, (b) gender, (c) years of teaching, (d) level of teaching, (e) vocal health education, and (f) fundamental frequency and intensity ranges of the voice as indicated by the voice range profile (VRP). This study also sought to determine the relationship between VRP, and age, gender, years of teaching, and level of teaching. Results indicate choral directors’ vocal intensity range is significantly smaller than the trained and untrained populations, choral directors’ minimum vocal intensity is significantly higher than the trained and untrained populations, and choral directors are able to produce significantly fewer semitones resulting in a smaller vocal frequency range than trained and untrained populations.
Long-Term Mortality after Transfusion-Associated Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis

Abstract Background. Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis after blood transfusion often progresses to chronic hepatitis and sometimes culminates in cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the frequency of these sequelae and their effects on mortality are not known. Methods. We traced patients with transfusion-related non-A, non-B hepatitis who had been identified in five major prospective studies conducted in the United States between 1967 and 1980. We matched each patient with two control subjects (identified as the first and second controls) who received transfusions but who did not have hepatitis. The mortality rates in the three groups were determined with use of data from the National Death Index and Social Security Death Tapes. Cause-specific mortality was determined by reviewing death certificates. Results. Vital status was established for over 94 percent of the 568 patients who had had non-A, non-B hepatitis and the two control groups (526 first controls and 458 second controls). After an ave.
Polyamines and Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis during Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Chung-Ping Liao POLYAMINES AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE APOPTOSIS DURING PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is the leading opportunistic disease in immunocompromised individuals, particularly in AIDS patients. The alveolar macrophage (AM) is the major type of cell responsible for the clearance of Pneumocystis organisms; however, they undergo a high rate of apoptosis during PCP due to increased intracellular polyamine levels. This study examined the mechanism of this polyamine mediated apoptosis and investigated an alternative therapy for PCP by targeting this mechanism. The elevated polyamine levels were determined to be caused by increased polyamine synthesis and uptake. Increased polyamine uptake was found to be AM-specific, and recruited inflammatory cells including monocytes, B cells, and CD8+ T cells were found to be a potential source of polyamines. The expression of the antizyme inhibitor (AZI), which regulates both polyamine synthesis and uptake, was found to be greatly up-regulated in AMs during PCP. AZI overexpression was confirmed to be the cause of increased polyamine synthesis and uptake and apoptosis of AMs during PCP by gene knockdown assays. Pneumocystis organisms and zymosan were found to induce AZI overexpression in AMs, suggesting that the β-glucan of the Pneumocystis cell wall is responsible for this AZI up-regulation. In addition, levels of mRNA, protein, and activity of polyamine oxidase (PAO) were also found to be increased in AMs during PCP, and its substrates N1-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine were found to induce its up-regulation. These results indicate that the H2O2 generated during PAO-mediated
The knowledge transmission mechanism and austerity: Why policy makers, rather than academic economists, made macroeconomic errors in 2010

Warum werden in der Wirtschaftspolitik Fehler gemacht? Es gibt eine Sichtweise, wonach sich Politiker grundsatzlich wohlwollend verhalten, wo aber dennoch Fehler entstehen, da die entsprechenden wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Theorien fehlerbehaftet sind. Eine andere Sichtweise geht davon aus, dass Politiker die wirtschaftlichen Interessen von einzelnen sozialen Gruppen verfolgen und die daraus resultierende Politik hat nichts mit einem akademischen Konsens gemein, was gute Wirtschaftspolitik ausmacht. In dieser Arbeit wird einer dritten Moglichkeit nachgegangen: Die Politik will das Richtige tun (auch wenn sie eigene Praferenzen hat) und der akademische Konsens ist korrekt. Dieser wird aber von der Politik nicht umgesetzt, weil sie auf unvollkommene Vermittler angewiesen ist. Durch diese Brille wird der weltweite Umschwung zu fiskalischer Austeritat 2010 untersucht.
UrduOnline Handwriting Recognition

Handwriting hascontinued topersist asameanof communication andrecording information indayto-day life evenwiththeintroduction ofnew technologies. Handwritten information canbeused ascomputer input onceitisconverted todigital form.ThispaperwillfocusonUrduOnline Handwriting Recognition System that converts user handwritten information intoUrdutext. The working ofrecognition systemisbasedon analytical approach tosegmentation forfeature extraction, rulebasedslant analysis forslant removal andtreebaseddictionary search for classification. Theproposed tree search technique reduces thesearch spaceupto96.2%andis therefore significantly faster thansearching techniques, inwhich wehavetoprocess thewhole dictionary tocomeupwith thecorrect answer.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Abstract Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was recognized and described in 1848 by John Snow and remains a common postoperative complaint. It has an incidence of about 25% in adults, with a published range of 5-75%. PONV is distressing for the patient, can delay recovery from surgery, causes dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and wound dehiscence, interferes with oral therapies and delays discharge from hospital, with associated costs.
Analysis of Trends in Non-pharmacological Studies for Elders with Dementia in Korea

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze trends in non-pharmacological intervention studies conducted with Korean elders with dementia. Methods: This was a literature review study and 159 studies carried out between January 1990 and June 30, 2011 and using non-pharmacological interventions were analyzed. Data were collected from June to September, 2011 by searching databases, KERIS & KISS, and the National Assembly Digital Library. Results: The results of analysis were as follows; 1) Since 2006, various intervention studies have been conducted with Korean elders who have dementia. 2) Of the intervention studies, 63.5% were quasi‐experimental studies. None of them were RCTs. 3) Among non-pharmacological therapies, sensation centered therapies were most common, followed by cognition‐centered therapies and emotion‐centered therapies. 4) For the majority of the studies, the outcome variable of the interventions was cognitive function, and significant results were obtained in 70.6% of studies evaluating cognitive functions. Conclusion: These results show that research designs were not significantly elaborate and intervention programs were confined to specific areas such as sensation‐centered therapies. Therefore further research is needed to identify scientific grounds for the effects of the interventions through strict research methods and various non-pharmacological therapies.
Towards Action Recognition and Localization in Videos with Weakly Supervised Learning

Human behavior understanding is a fundamental problem of computer vision. It is an important component of numerous real-life applications, such as human-computer interaction, sports analysis, video search, and many others. In this thesis we work on the problem of action recognition and localization, which is a crucial part of human behavior understanding. Action recognition explains what a human is doing in the video, while action localization indicates where and when in the video the action is happening. We focus on two important aspects of the problem: (1) capturing intra-class variation of action categories and (2) inference of action location. Manual annotation of videos with fine-grained action labels and spatio-temporal action locations is a nontrivial task, thus employing weakly supervised learning approaches is of interest. Real-life actions are complex, and the same action can look different in different scenarios. A single template is not capable of capturing such data variability. Therefore, for each action category we automatically discover small clusters of examples that are visually similar to each other. A separate classifier is learnt for each cluster, so that more class variability is captured. In addition, we establish a direct association between a novel test example and examples from training data and demonstrate how metadata can be transferred to test examples. Weakly supervised learning for action recognition and localization is another challenging task. It requires automatic inference of action location for all the training videos during learning. Initially, we simplify this problem and try to find discriminative regions in videos that lead to a better recognition performance. The regions are inferred in a manner such that they are visually similar across all the videos of the same category. Ideally, the regions should correspond to the action location; however, there is a gap between inferred discriminative regions and semantically meaningful regions representing action location. To fill the gap, we incorporate human eye gaze data to drive the inference of regions during learning. This allows inferring regions that are both discriminative and semantically meaningful. Furthermore, we use the inferred regions and learnt action model to assist top-down eye gaze prediction.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server enables Cisco Unified IP Phones, connected to either the customer data or voice Ethernet network, to dynamically obtain their IP addresses and configuration information. It uses Domain Name System (DNS) to resolve host names both within and outside the cluster. For information on configuring DHCP servers and subnets see “DHCP Server Configuration” in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide. This section covers the following topics: • DHCP Server, page 13-1 • Domain Name System, page 13-2 • Understanding How Devices Identify the TFTP Server, page 13-3 • Migration, page 13-3 • Alarms, page 13-4 • Where to Find More Information, page 13-4
Does right ventricle dysfunction represent cardiac frailty in critically ill trauma patients?

Introduction Cardiac function includes left ventricle ejection fraction, right ventricle function, diastolic function, and multiple markers of cardiac outflow. Markers of cardiac function associated with mortality are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine markers of cardiac function associated with mortality in the elderly which represent cardiac frailty and the relative importance of these many measurements of cardiac function when compared with each other. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent focused rapid echocardiographic evaluations was performed from 2009 to 2014. Focused rapid echocardiographic evaluations are echocardiographic exams focusing on cardiac function rather than structure. Results Overall, 513 trauma patients received focused rapid echocardiographic evaluations. In elderly patients, mortality increase of 33.9% was seen with left ventricle ejection fraction less than 30% (p = 0.05), 28.5% with moderate right ventricle dysfunction (p = 0.03), and 18.5% with velocity time integral less than 18 cm (p = 0.02). Any level of diastolic dysfunction, cardiac output of less than 4 l/min, and cardiac index less than 2.5 l/min/m2 was not significantly associated with increased mortality in the elderly (not significant [NS] for all). In younger patients, a mortality increase of 68.1% was seen with grade 3–4 diastolic dysfunction (p<0.001) and 14.6% with velocity time integral less than 18 cm (p = 0.02), with right ventricle dysfunction, decreased left ventricle ejection fraction, cardiac output less than 4 l/min, and cardiac index less than 2.5 l/min/m2 not associated with mortality (NS for all). In logistic regression for elderly patients, only moderate right ventricle dysfunction was associated with mortality (odds ratio 4.321, 95% confidence interval 1.451–12.866, p = 0.009). Conclusions Markers of cardiac function associated with mortality vary with age. Right ventricle dysfunction may represent cardiac frailty, while diastolic dysfunction and left ventricle ejection fraction likely do not.
Prospective Primary Teachers' Knowledge on Prism: Generating Definitions and Examples *

This study aimed to investigate prospective primary teacher’s knowledge on prism by exploring the definitions and examples generated by them. Four prospective teachers participated in the study. The five open ended questions used in the study as the data collection tool require drawing an example, explaining the properties, drawing different examples, constructing different definitions, and constructing examples from daily life related to prism. Definitions and examples generated by the participants about prism were analyzed based on accessibility, correctness, richness, and generality criteria (Zazkis & Leikin, 2008). As a result of the analysis, participants' knowledge related to the prism was found to be inadequate. The findings also inform that the mathematics lessons content in the primary teacher teaching program must be looked over in the perspective of generating definitions and examples. Key Words: Definition, Exemplify, Misconceptions, Teacher training, Prism SUMMARY
Knowledge disagreement formulations in problem-based learning tutorials: balancing pedagogical demands with ‘saving face’

ABSTRACT As a pedagogical approach that aims to develop students’ group-working skills and to challenge their current knowledge, problem-based learning (PBL) provides a unique setting in which to examine disagreements in interaction. Previous research on disagreements in classrooms has typically examined tutor–student interaction or student–student interaction in which a tutor is present. This paper, however, examines tutorless PBL tutorials and focuses specifically on those moments in which knowledge claims are challenged by other students. The data comprise 30 h of video recordings from 24 chemical engineering PBL tutorials in a Scottish university. Conversation analysis was used to identify 101 disagreement formulations, many of which follow the format seen in other classroom settings (e.g. agreement-prefaced disagreements). A subset of disagreement formulations manage epistemic responsibility through invoking expert sources (e.g. tutor-provided worksheets and academically superior out-group members). Through invoking an expert source in this way, students attend to the pedagogical activities – without tutor assistance – while minimising the conversational trouble associated with the act of ‘doing’ disagreement (i.e. indirectly enacting disagreements whilst maintaining a neutral stance). This paper thus contributes to CA literature on disagreements, while providing a unique insight into PBL tutorial interaction. Directions for future research are suggested.
Textbook of Parasitology

Belding's Textbook of Parasitology has long been noted as a classic among workers in this field. The third edition of this text follows essentially the same format as that of the second. The recent advances in parasitology since the last publication are included and the updating of the text is apparent throughout the various chapters. The use of tables, graphic representations, and keys to facilitate study, so prevalent in the former edition, is continued and improved upon in some sections. Deletions of some are wisely made. The new illustrations of the leishmanian and malarial parasites improve the presentation of these diseases. Credit for the chapters on diagnosis and diagnostic methods is given to Dr. Alice T. Marston, while Dr. Matthew A. Derow wrote the chapters on the treatment of parasitic diseases. Both sections represent extensive revision of old material and the presentation of new data. While the former edition, notable
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms among children in rural Myanmar-disease burden assessment attributable to household biomass smoke

More than three billion people continue to rely on solid fuels as their primary source of domestic energy which is associated with elevated concentrations of indoor air pollutants and increased morbidity and mortality both in adults and children. In Myanmar, solid fuel including coal and biomass (such as dung, crop and charcoal) is the main source of energy used in households. A community-based pilot study was conducted in rural Myanmar with the aim to determine the prevalence of childhood respiratory symptoms in association with the use of biomass for cooking. A total of eighty households were recruited and monitored for exposure to particulate matter with size less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO). In addition, mothers were interviewed to understand their cooking habits, some house characteristics and children’s respiratory health. The study found that PM2.5 and CO were significant contributors for the prevalence of acute respiratory infections and trouble breathing among young children. House characteristics including mosquito coil, associated with children’s respiratory health. The study confirms that domestic environments in developing countries, like Myanmar, continue to have significant health impacts on children.
KEPRIBADIAN PROAKTIF DAN KETERIKATAN KERJA PADA KARYAWAN PT PLN (PERSERO) DISTRIBUSI JAWA TENGAH DAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Keterikatan kerja merupakan kemampuan karyawan mengerahkan aktivitas fisik, kognitif, dan kondisi emosionalnya pada pekerjaan. Keterikatan kerja karyawan dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal, salah satunya adalah kepribadian. Individu dengan kepribadian proaktif menunjukkan inisiatif dan tanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan tugas serta tidak mudah terpengaruh oleh kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif dengan keterikatan kerja pada karyawan pada karyawan PT PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Populasi penelitian adalah 66 karyawan tetap dengan masa kerja 1-10 tahun, dan sampel penelitian sejumlah 66 orang dari berbagai bidang yang didapatkan dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Skala Keterikatan Kerja (39 aitem; α = 0,93) dan Skala Kepribadian Proaktif (40 aitem; α = 0,91). Analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kepribadian proaktif dan keterikatan kerja ( r = 0,89; p < 0,001), yang berarti bahwa semakin tinggi kepribadian proaktif maka semakin tinggi keterikatan kerja. Kepribadian proaktif memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 79% terhadap keterikatan kerja. Perusahaan dapat memberikan intervensi berupa pelatihan yang memuat aspek kepribadian proaktif, memperkenalkan ciri-ciri individu dengan kepribadian proaktif, menginformasikan dampak positif kepribadian proaktif bagi pekerjaan, serta memasukkan aspek kepribadian proaktif dalam penilaian kinerja untuk mengembangkan kepribadian proaktif karyawan.
Anterior knee pain

Idiopathic anterior knee pain, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is common in young adults and athletes. Its aetiology is still not fully understood, and three major factors can be attributed to its aetiology: quadriceps muscle imbalance, lower extremity malalignment, and increased physical activity. It is essential to exclude any intra-articular pathology before diagnosing PFPS. The main presentation of PFPS is spontaneous onset of anterior knee pain exaggerated by increased physical activity. The mainstay of management is conservative in the form of a rehabilitation programme focusing on proprioception, strength, flexibility, endurance, and a gradual progression of the musculoskeletal load. Surgical management is maximized by accurately determining the source of the pain, and is most successful in patients who have an underlying mechanical abnormality.
Ebeveyn Tutumlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Bir toplumun gelecegini belirleyecek genc kusaklarin cagdas olculerd e yetismeleri son derece onemlidir. Bu egitime olabildigince erken baslanmalidir. Bu anlayisla ise koyulan toplumlar oncellikle okul oncesinden ise baslamaktadir. Bu durumda 2-6 yas donemi onem kazanmaktadir. Bu yas grubunun egitiminde okulun yaninda ebeveyn tutumlari da onemli bir faktor olarak gorulmektedir. Bu calisma, ebeveyn tutumlarinin cinsiyet, yas, calisma durumu, surekli hastalik durumu, ailenin aylik geliri, egitim duzeyi ve cocuk sayisina gore farklilasip farklilasmadigini belirlemek amaci ile yapilmistir. Arastirma verileri 2-6 yas arasi cocugu olan toplam 462 anne ve babaya kisisel bilgi formu ile birlikte Demir ve Şendil (2008) tarafindan gelistirilen Ebeveyn Tutum Olcegi uygulanarak elde edilmistir. Bulgulara gore, cinsiyet, calisma durumu, aylik gelir, egitim durumu ve cocuk sayisi degiskenleri acisindan ebeveyn tutumlari arasinda anlamli farklilasma bulunurken; yas, aile tipi ve surekli hastalik degiskenlerine gore ebeveyn tutumlarinin anlamli olarak farklilasmadigi gorulmustur.
Molecular Typing of Clinical and Nasal Carriage Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus by spa Gene Patterns

Background and purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of hospital and community acquired infections. Nasal carriage of S. aureus in staff provides a source for infection in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spa gene patterns of clinical and nasal carriage isolates of S. aureus using polymerase chain reaction. Materials and methods: Clinical specimens and staff nasal swab were collected from hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. S. aureus isolates were identified by cultural and biochemical methods. The evaluation of spa gene patterns of S. aureus isolates was carried out from staff nasal carriage and clinical specimens of patients using polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of nine patterns of spa gene were distinguished. Seven and five different patterns were identified from S. aureus nasal carriage and clinical specimens, respectively. Conclusion: The presence of similar patterns from spa gene may indicate a common source of infection in the hospital wards. Analysis of these patterns may help in breaking the chain of transmission of infection in hospitals.