Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic options for intractable hematuria in advanced bladder cancer

Intractable hematuria is a common and severe complication in patients with inoperable bladder carcinoma. The aim was to provide an overview of therapeutic options for such cases, and analyze their effectiveness and risk profile, so a systematic literature search of peer‐reviewed papers published up to September 2012 was carried out. Various options are available to treat hematuria in patients with inoperable bladder cancer; these include orally administered epsilon‐aminocaproic acid, intravesical formalin, alum or prostaglandin irrigation, hydrostatic pressure, urinary diversion, radiotherapy, embolization and intraarterial mitoxantrone perfusion. These treatment options are associated with different prospects of success, risks and side‐effects. Well‐designed and large studies comparing options are completely lacking. Despite various treatment options, management of intractable hematuria in patients with inoperable bladder cancer remains a challenge, and most of the reported methods should be seen as experimental. Interventional radiology and alum instillation seem to be suitable alternative options for patients who, after critical consideration, cannot be treated by irrigation, transurethral resection or palliative cystectomy.
Bone cement in the management of cystic tumour defects of bone at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos

Cystic bony defects are characteristics of bone tumours especially benign ones e.g. Giant cell tumours of bone [GCT] and some metastatic tumours to bone. These patients present late with significant cystic cavities at a time the cost and availability of prosthetic implants to replace these defects sometimes precludes resection. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcome of filling these defects with bone cement augmented with plate and screwfor stability. Aseven year prospective study was carried out in patients presenting with large cystic bony defects secondary to bone tumours at the oncology unit of the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos. Data such as age, sex, anatomic location of lesions, histological type of tumours, x- ray findings, operation performed with the number of packets of bone cement used to fill the resultant bony defects were retrieved from prepared proforma. The average follow-up was 36 months. The proximal tibia and distal femur accounted for 42.9%and 28.6% respectively of the 14 patients studied.Giant cell tumour was the most common histological diagnosis 78.6%]. Bone cement was effective in meeting the local requirements of limb salvage, early functional recovery and as a temporising measure until the patients can avail themselves of better options.The complication encounteredwas that of anaphylactic reaction in 2 scrub nurses. Bone cement augmented with appropriate implants has proven valuable as a stop gap in filling large cystic bony defects resulting fromtumours. Keywords: Cystic bony defects, bone cement, implant, limb salvage.
Sumatriptan (intranasal route of administration) for acute migraine attacks in adults.

BACKGROUND Migraine is a highly disabling condition for the individual and also has wide-reaching implications for society, healthcare services, and the economy. Sumatriptan is an abortive medication for migraine attacks, belonging to the triptan family. Intranasal administration may be preferable to oral for individuals experiencing nausea and/or vomiting, although it is primarily absorbed in the gut, not the nasal mucosa. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal sumatriptan compared to placebo and other active interventions in the treatment of acute migraine attacks in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, online databases, and reference lists for studies through 13 October 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised, double-blind, placebo- and/or active-controlled studies using intranasal sumatriptan to treat a migraine headache episode, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We used numbers of participants achieving each outcome to calculate relative risk (or 'risk ratio') and numbers needed to treat to benefit (NNT) or harm (NNH) compared to placebo or a different active treatment. MAIN RESULTS Twelve studies (4755 participants) compared intranasal sumatriptan with placebo or an active comparator. Most of the data were for the 10 mg and 20 mg doses. Sumatriptan surpassed placebo for all efficacy outcomes. For sumatriptan 10 mg versus placebo the NNTs were 7.3, 7.4, and 5.5 for pain-free at two hours, and headache relief at one and two hours, respectively. For sumatriptan 20 mg versus placebo the NNTs were 4.7, 4.9, and 3.5, respectively, for the same outcomes. The 20 mg dose was significantly better than the 10 mg dose for each of these three primary efficacy outcomes.Relief of headache-associated symptoms, including nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia, was greater with sumatriptan than with placebo, and use of rescue medication was lower with sumatriptan than placebo. For the most part, adverse events were transient and mild and were more common with sumatriptan than placebo.Direct comparison of sumatriptan with active treatments was limited to two studies, one comparing sumatriptan 20 mg and dihydroergotamine (DHE) 1 mg, and one comparing sumatriptan 20 mg with rizatriptan 10 mg. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Intranasal sumatriptan is effective as an abortive treatment for acute migraine attacks, relieving pain, nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability, but is associated with increased adverse events compared with placebo.
Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background Recent estimates concerning the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder are much higher than those reported 30 years ago, with at least 1 in 400 children affected. This group of children and families have important service needs. The involvement of parents in implementing intervention strategies designed to help their autistic children has long been accepted as helpful. The potential benefits are increased skills and reduced stress for parents as well as children. Objectives The objective of this review was to determine the extent to which parent-mediated early intervention has been shown to be effective in the treatment of children aged 1 year to 6 years 11 months with autistic spectrum disorder. In particular, it aimed to assess the effectiveness of such interventions in terms of the benefits for both children and their parents. Search methods A range of psychological, educational and biomedical databases were searched until January 2002. Bibliographies and reference lists of key articles were searched, field experts were contacted and key journals were hand searched. Selection criteria Only randomised or quasi-randomised studies were included. Study interventions had a significant focus on parent-implemented early intervention, compared to a group of children who received no treatment, a waiting list group or a different form of intervention. There was at least one objective, child related outcome measure. Data collection and analysis Appraisal of the methodological quality of included studies was carried out independently by two reviewers. Differences between the included studies in terms of the type of intervention, the comparison groups used and the outcome measures were too great to allow for direct comparison. Main results The results of this review are based on data from two studies. Two significant results were found to favour parent training in one study: child language and maternal knowledge of autism. In the other, intensive intervention (involving parents, but primarily delivered by professionals) was associated with better child outcomes on direct measurement than were found for parent-mediated early intervention, but no differences were found in relation to measures of parent and teacher perceptions of skills and behaviours. Authors' conclusions This review has little to offer in the way of implications for practice: there were only two studies, the numbers of participants included were small, and the two studies could not be compared directly to one another. In terms of research, randomised controlled trials involving large samples need to be carried out, involving both short and long-term outcome information and full economic evaluations. Research in this area is hampered by barriers to randomisation, such as availability of equivalent services.
Sinus Venous Thrombosis Associated with a Nephrotic Syndrome in an Eight-Year-Old Child

The nephrotic syndrome (NS) is reportedly as sociated with an increased risk of thromboembolic dis ease. We describe the case of an 8-year-old child with a steroid-responsive NS who developed a longitudinal si nus venous thrombosis. No family thrombophilic ten dency was found. To our knowledge, this is the second case published with these clinical characteristics. We sug gest that the sinus venous thrombosis was precipitated by the low levels of antithrombin III and hypoalbuminemia. Moreover, steroids probably played an etiological role. Key Words: Nephrotic syndrome—Sinus venous throm bosis—Venous thrombosis—Antithrombin III.
Being and becoming a teacher in medical education

Medical teachers’ conceptions of teaching have impl ications for student learning. The way teachers understand what it means to be a good teacher and what it means to develop as a teacher affect their aims and practice as t achers and their motivation for engaging in development activities. The aim of this esis was to clarify how medical teachers understand being lecturers, clinical super visors and mentors and also how they understand teaching and development as a teacher. I n this thesis, the term medical teacher is used for everyone teaching or supervisin g u dergraduate students in medicine or allied health professions at a universi ty campus or associated hospitals. Thirty-nine medical teachers were interviewed. The int rviews were semi-structured and analysed using a phenomenographic approach. The findings include qualitatively different ways of understanding: • Being a teacher in the teaching roles of being a le ctur r, clinical supervisor and mentor (Study I and II) • Development as a teacher and of teaching (Study III ) • Teaching; particularly in relation to how opportuni ties and barriers for development are perceived (Study IV) The findings of the studies are further elaborated in three ways: 1) By using a model of learning and teaching to explore the different unde rstandings of what it means to be and become a teacher. 2) By exploring perceived differe nces and similarities between the three teaching roles as described by the individual respondents, 3) By analysing the relationship between different ways of understandin g the phenomena studied on an individual level. The way being and becoming a teacher is understood is dynamic and changes over time. Teachers’ understanding of their role constit utes a fundamental dimension of their development as teachers and exerts a significant in fluence on their teaching. By exploring the effects of various contexts and perce ptions of different facets of the teacher role, aspects important to supporting stude n learning can be addressed. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Stenfors-Hayes, T. , Hult, H. , Dahlgren, LO. (2011) What Does it Mean to be a Good Teacher and Clinical Supervisor in Medical E ducation? Advances in Health Care Sciences and Education . Vol 16 no 2 p.197-210. II. Stenfors-Hayes, T. , Hult, H. , Dahlgren, LO. What Does it Mean to be a Mentor in Medical Education? Medical Teacher . Accepted for publication. III. Stenfors-Hayes, T. , Hult, H. , Dahlgren, LO. (2011) Three Ways of Understanding Development as a Teacher. European Journal of Dental Education. Vol 15 published online ahead of print. IV. Stenfors-Hayes, T. , Weurlander, M. , Dahlgren, LO. , Hult, H. (2010) Me dical Teachers’ Perceived Barriers and Opportunities for Educational Development. Teaching in Higher Education . Vol 15 no 4 p.399-408.
Aktuelle Aspekte in der operativen Behandlung von primär malignen Tumoren des muskuloskeletalen Systems

_____________________________________________________________________ 5 Einleitung ____________________________________________________________________ 6 Zielstellung ___________________________________________________________________ 6 Methodik _____________________________________________________________________ 7 a) Lokalrezidivrate bei Osteosarkom-Patienten ____________________________________ 7 b) Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie (SN-Biopsie) bei Synovialsarkomen ___________________ 7 c) Beckenendoprothesen_______________________________________________________ 8 Ergebnisse ____________________________________________________________________ 8 a) Lokalrezidivrate bei Osteosarkom-Patienten ____________________________________ 8 b) Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie bei Synovialsarkomen ____________________________ 10 c) Beckenendoprothesen______________________________________________________ 10 Diskussion ___________________________________________________________________ 11 a) Lokalrezidivrate bei Osteosarkom-Patienten ___________________________________ 11 b) Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie bei Synovialsarkomen ____________________________ 13 c) Beckenendoprothesen______________________________________________________ 13 Literatur _____________________________________________________________________ 15 Anteilserklärung _________________________________________________________________ 20 The influence of tumorand treatment-related factors on the development of local recurrence in osteosarcoma after adequate surgery ____________________________________ 21 Abstract _____________________________________________________________________ 21____________________________________________________________________ 2
Effect of roflumilast on quality of life in frequent and infrequent exacerbators

Background COPD exacerbations deteriorate quality of life (QoL) in COPD patients. This single-arm, non-interventional study investigated the effects of add-on roflumilast 500µg o.d. on QoL, assessed using the COPD Clinical Questionnaire (CCQ) and the COPD Assessment Test™ (CAT). Primary results were reported elsewhere. Here we report results on subgroups stratified by exacerbation frequency. Methods Patients with severe COPD (65% male; mean age: 65.5±9.9 years; mean BMI 27.3±5.7 kg/m2) were treated with roflumilast under real-life conditions for 6 months (intention-to-treat, ITT). Frequent exacerbators (FE) (n=1,841) were defined as patients with ≥2 moderate/severe exacerbations, and infrequent exacerbators (IFE) (n=1,736) as having <2 in the 12 months prior to study start (V1). CCQ and CAT scores were measured at V1, 3 months (V2) and 6 months (V3). Results There was significant improvement from V1 in total CCQ scores (±SD) at V3 in both FE (−1.0±1.1; n=999) and IFE (−0.7±1.0; n=848) (p<0.001). Improvements from V1 in each CCQ domain at V2 and V3 were also reported in both subgroups (p<0.001). Changes were larger in FE versus IFE at V3 (between-group comparison: p<0.001). These results were confirmed in the per-protocol analysis. Mean changes in total CAT scores between V1 and V3 were –6.6±7.3 (N=962) in FE and –4.9±7.3 (N=809) in IFE (both p<0.001). Changes were also larger in FE compared with IFE (between-group comparison: p<0.001). Conclusions Roflumilast significantly improved health status, as measured by both CCQ and CAT in frequent exacerbators and infrequent exacerbators, respectively. Improvements were clinically meaningful and more pronounced in frequent exacerbators.
Novel Incorportation Of Biomedical Engineering Algorithms (bispectral Index Guided Or Anesthetic Concentration Guided) In Real-Time Decision Support To Prevent Intraoperative Awareness Using An Electronic Anesthesia Information Mananagement System

NOVEL INCORPORATION OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ALGORITHMS (BISPECTRAL INDEX GUIDED OR ANESTHETIC CONCENTRATION GUIDED) IN REAL-TIME DECISION SUPPORT TO PREVENT INTRAOPERATIVE AWARENESS USING AN ELECTRONIC ANESTHESIA INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM by AMY MELANIE SHANKS May 2015 Advisors: Drs. John M. Cavanaugh and George A. Mashour Major: Biomedical Engineering Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Background: Intraoperative awareness with explicit recall (AWR) is a feared complication of surgery that can lead to significant psychological distress. Several large prospective trials have been completed comparing two methods of monitoring anesthetic depth [minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) or electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring using the bispectral index (BIS)] for the prevention of AWR. However, these trials were conducted in high risk populations, limiting generalizability. Research Hypothesis: Real-time decision support with Anesthesia Information Management System alerts based on a novel anesthetic concentration algorithm (incorporating the use of intravenous anesthetics) or an EEG-guided algorithm will reduce the known incidence of AWR.
Demand for health care in HIV/AIDS â€“ affected households in two communities in the Free State province of South Africa

This paper analyses differences in the choice of health care facility by ill individuals in HIV/AIDS-affected households in the Free State province of South Africa. Secondary education, access to medical aid, and household income are significant determinants of choice, as are severity and type of illness, and type of health care required. Ill persons with HIV/AIDS-related illnesses are significantly more likely to opt for public health care, although the strength of this preference declines as household income increases. Ill persons with severe and in particular severe HIV/AIDS-related illness in turn are significantly more likely to opt for private health care, especially at higher levels of income. Furthermore, health care costs associated with HIV/AIDS-related illness is likely to push HIV/AIDS-affected households deeper into poverty, especially where private care is preferred over public health care. The public health care sector therefore will remain the backbone of the health care system in providing health care to those infected with HIV/AIDS.
Lesiones anatomopatológicas hepáticas por la obstrucción de la vía biliar extrahepática en ratones

El proposito de este estudio, es evaluar las lesiones hepaticas ocasionadas en un modelo animal basado en obstruccion temporal de la via biliar extrahepatica y establecer la relacion entre obstruccion y severidad del dano a traves del tiempo. Metodos: Se usaron 20 ratones machos adultos (25-35 g). Previa anestesia general se practico una incision quirurgica, se localizaron los conductos biliares y se ataron en su base con hilo de algodon. Se sacrificaron 6 ratones cada vez a los dias 1, 7 y 15 dias. Se obtuvieron el higado, corazon, cerebro, rinones y pulmones para estudio histopatologico por microscopio optico. Resultados: El primer dia, se encontraron en 20% de los cortes de tejidos hepaticos lesiones leves como congestion sinusoidal y dilatacion de vasos portales, asociados con estasis biliar hepatocelular, el dia 7 se encontraron lesiones adicionales como acumulacion de pigmento biliar en los colangiolos, proliferacion de colageno portal y leve proliferacion pericolangiolar en 60% de los cortes. El dia 15 se observaron lesiones severas como proliferacion hamartomatosa de colangiolos y fibrosis portal de los conductos biliares que deformaron la placa limitante y lobular en 15% de los cortes. El cerebro, el corazon y los pulmones, solo mostraron dilatacion vascular y congestion en grados severos, excepto al dia 15 cuando los rinones presentaron precipitacion de pigmento biliar en el lumen de los conductos colectores. Conclusiones: El metodo descrito es util para el estudio de la relacion de las lesiones anatomopatologicas causadas por la obstruccion biliar y el tiempo transcurrido.
Development and Application of a Content Analysis Dictionary for Body Boundary Research

Body image—especially self-perceptions of body boundaries—can have a significant impact on emotional well-being, personality, and behaviour. Fisher and Cleveland developed a scoring system for identifying two categories of body boundary imagery (Barrier and Penetration) in Rorschach test protocols, which Newbold has since extended to the analysis of narrative text. This paper describes the initial development of a content analysis dictionary (the Body Type Dictionary) for automating Barrier and Penetration scoring on English-language texts. To demonstrate its use and to provide a preliminary measure of validation, the dictionary is applied to a set of fictional fetish narratives and to samples from mainstream romantic fiction. The results demonstrate that the fetish narratives contain a significantly greater amount of Barrier imagery than the mainstream writing samples, which tallies with previous observations about body boundaries and appears to support the claim that writers with uncertain self-perceived boundaries will use more body boundary imagery in their writing. Suggestions for further validation studies and applications are given.
Virtual Verse Analysis: Analysing Patterns in Poetry

This article discusses the problem of computer identification of some basic patterns in poetry: rhythm and rhyme. The program AnalysePoems uses the Representative Poetry Online (http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca) corpus of poems to identify these patterns. The goal of the rhythm identification is not to produce a perfect metrical scansion of a poem, but to identify the dominant metre with a reasonable degree of confidence. Twelve example poems are used to show that the program is successful in its ability to identify the dominant metre, if one exists, even when some of the words of the poem are unknown to the computer. The computer is usually able to identify the number of syllables and dominant accent of these previously unknown words and then use this new data in its analysis of more poems. Similarly, an analysis of a poem's rhyme scheme allows the computer to identify rhyming pairs it had not previously encountered and use this new information to analyse subsequent rhyme schemes. The analysis of basic patterns lays the groundwork for the analysis of more complex, less obvious patterns. The changes in rhythmic confidence values from first to final analysis suggest a possible measure of the complexity and beauty of a poem's rhythms.
Discovery of Language Resources on the Web: Information Extraction from Heterogeneous Documents

The present article is concerned with the problem of automatic database population via information extraction (IE) from web pages obtained from heterogeneous sources, such as those retrieved by a domain crawler. Specifically, we address the task of filling single multi-field templates from individual documents, a common scenario that involves free-format documents with the same communicative goal such as job adverts, CVs, or meeting/seminar announcements. We discuss challenges that arise in this scenario and propose solutions to them at different levels of the processing of web page content. Our main focus is on the issue of information extraction, which we address with a two-step machine learning approach that first aims to determine segments of a page that are likely to contain relevant facts and then delimits specific natural language expressions with which to fill template fields. We also present a range of techniques for the enrichment of web pages with semantic annotations, such as recognition of named entities, domain terminology and coreference resolution, and examine their effect on the information extraction method. We evaluate the developed IE system on the task of automatically populating a database with information on language resources available on the web.