Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host status of passion fruit genotypes to scab and bacterial blight

Screening passion fruit genotypes to target resistance to scab and bacterial blight may play an important role in reducing the application of chemical products and losses caused by the diseases. It is likely that resistant genotypes may be found in ongoing breeding programs targeting production traits. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the host status of eighteen passion fruit genotypes from the Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa (CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 and CRP 20-12) and two cultivars (FB 200 Yellow Master and FB 300 Araguari) of yellow passion fruit to the scab ( Cladosporium herbarum ) and bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae ). The fungus and the bacterium were artificially inoculated on wounded leaves at the concentrations of 1 x 10 6 spores mL -1 and 1 x 10 8 cfu mL -1 . Scab incidence and severity were assessed at 7, 14, 21 and 31 days after inoculation (DAI); whereas the bacterial blight evaluations were performed at 10, 20, 28 and 44 DAI. The genotypes CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12 and CRP 19-12 are moderately resistant to scab. The genotype 20-12 and the FB 200 Yellow Master cultivar are susceptible to the fungus. All genotypes are highly susceptible to bacterial blight.
Market Power and Growth in a Schumpeterian Framework of Innovation

Can market power really be considered as "the price" that a society as a whole is called to pay in order to have a more dynamically efficient economic system? The schumpeterian answer to this question would be certainly positive, the monopoly power being seen as the reward accruing to the successful innovator from his/her innovative activity. However, the idea to consider the existence of any possible positive linkage among market power, innovation and growth is not unambiguously present in the so-called deterministic, neo-schumpeterian, R&D-based growth models. On the basis of such very general considerations, in this paper we build two different models, sharing the same theoretical framework suggested by P. Romer (1990). What results from the analysis is that in the more familiar models of innovation and economic development, the relationship between some measure of market power and aggregate growth rate is not robust at all, depending on variables such as the kind of inputs each industry employs in order to obtain its own output and the way in which these inputs are combined. This is particularly relevant in terms of public policies towards the intermediate monopolies, suggesting the necessity for a growth-maximising regulator to assess case-by-case the type of his/her intervention.
Observations of Dramatic Enhancements to the Mesospheric K Layer

Highly concentrated layers of atomic K have been observed in the mesosphere above Yanqing near Beijing (40°N, 116°E). The K density in these narrow layers exceeds 1,100 cm−3 (at least 4 times higher than reported elsewhere), and the K/Na ratio is superchondritic by a factor of 3–4. A model with detailed metal ion chemistry, supported by ancillary measurements from a nearby ionosonde and meteor radar, is used to show that these sporadic K layers can be produced from a strong sporadic E layer (critical frequency > 11 MHz) that descends from above 100 km at a velocity of 1–2 km h−1. This allows most of the Na+ ions to be neutralized before the remaining ions are dumped around 90 km, where the higher pressures and colder temperatures facilitate the formation of K+. N2 and K+. CO2 cluster ions. These cluster ions then undergo dissociative recombination with electrons to form K.
Moving Beyond Active Learning to Engineering Learning: An Approach to Course Design and Enactment

Dr. Spiegel is the Director of the Trefny Innovative Instruction Center at the Colorado School of Mines. He previously served as Chair of the Disciplinary Literacy in Science Team at the Institute for Learning (IFL) and Associate Director of Outreach and Development for the Swanson School of Engineering’s Engineering Education Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh. Prior to joining the University of Pittsburgh, he was a science educator at Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS). Dr. Spiegel also served as Director of Research & Development for a multimedia development company and as founding Director of the Center for Integrating Research & Learning (CIRL) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University. Under Dr. Spiegel’s leadership, the CIRL matured into a thriving Center recognized as one of the leading National Science Foundation Laboratories for activities to promote science, mathematics, and technology (STEM) education. While at Florida State University, Dr. Spiegel also directed an award winning teacher enhancement program for middle grades science teachers, entitled Science For Early Adolescence Teachers (Science FEAT).
Testing the Response of Consumption to Income Changes with (Noisy) Paneldata

This paper tests the rational expectations lifecycle model of consumption against (1) a simple Keynesian model and (ii) the rational expectations lifecycle model with imperfect capital markets. The tests are based upon the relative responsiveness of consumption to income changes which can be predicted from past information and income changes which cannot be predicted. Since there is strong evidence that panel data contains substantial measurement error, the tests are especially constructed to allow for measurement error in the income process. They also allow for more general income processes than have been considered to date in the literature. The results reject the Keynesian model and generally support the lifecycle model, although the tests are not sufficiently precise to rule out the possibility that some households are liquidity constrained. Measurement error does have a strong influence on the relationship between consumption and income. When it is ignored our tests do not reject the Keynesian model. We show that consideration of measurement error may also reconcile differences in the results of Hall and Mishkin (1982) and Bernanke(1984). Nevertheless, our most important conclusion is that Hall and Mishkin's, Bernanke's, and Hayashi's (198 ) qualitative finding that the vast majority of households obey the lifecycle model is not an artifact of failure to account for measurement error in the income data.
Firm size distribution and exporting behaviour: an empirical analysis of power-law behaviour of turkish firms

A general equilibrium model of international trade with heterogeneous firms, under the assumption that the distribution of productivity across firms is Pareto, delivers systematically diff erent power law exponents for exporting and non-exporting firms. In this setup, the presence of international trade systematically a ffects the firm size distribution to make it more heavy-tailed. This model predicts that the power law exponent for exporters should be strictly lower in absolute value than the power law exponent for non-exporters. Following the propositions made in the literature, we estimate the power law exponent for a large sample of Turkish firms. We also question the applicability of the OLS regression in the context of power law estimation and provide maximum likelihood estimates, which have been proven to be consistent and effi cient in this context. Along with the maximum likelihood estimates, we also provide the CDF and ln(Rank-1/2)-ln(size) estimates. Our results provide supporting evidence for the theoretical predictions, according to which the distribution of firm size has heavier tails due to exporting behaviour.
Studies on the interfacial reactions between electroless Ni UBM and 95.5Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy

Even though electroless Ni and Sn-Ag-Cu solder are widely used materials in electronic packaging applications, interfacial reactions of the ternary Ni-Cu-Sn system have not been known well because of their complexity. Because the growth of intermetallics at the interface affects reliability of solder joint, the intermetallics in Ni-Cu-Sn system should be identified, and their growth should be investigated. Therefore, in present study, interfacial reactions between electroless Ni UBM and 95.5Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy were investigated focusing on morphology of the IMCs, thermodynamics, and growth kinetics.
The Sensitivity of West African Convective Line Water Budgets to Land Cover

Abstract This study used a two-dimensional coupled land–atmosphere (cloud resolving) model to investigate the influence of land cover on the water budgets of convective lines in West Africa. Study simulations used the same initial sounding and one of three different land covers: a sparsely vegetated semidesert, a grassy savanna, and a dense evergreen broadleaf forest. All simulations began at midnight and ran for 24 h to capture a full diurnal cycle. During the morning, the forest had the highest latent heat flux, the shallowest, moistest, slowest growing boundary layer, and more convective available potential energy than the savanna and semidesert. Although the savanna and forest environments produced virtually the same total rainfall mass (semidesert 18%), the spatial and temporal patterns of the rainfall were significantly different and can be attributed to the boundary layer evolution. The forest produced numerous convective cells with very high rain rates mainly during the early afternoon. During the.
Evaluation of the Antioxidants as Adjunct Therapy in Cattle Naturally Infected with Bovine Tropical Theileriosis

Bovine tropical theileriosis, a disease of global economic importance, caused by heamoprotozoan parasite Theileria annulata and transmitted by ticks of genus Hyalomma (Preston, 2001) is characterized by lymphadenopathy, spleenomegaly, fever, anaemia, weakness and loss of body weight (Omer et al., 2002; El-Deeb and Younis, 2009). A significant feature of the disease is anaemia due to overproduction of cytokines and reactive oxygen species (Nazifi et al., 2009; Saleh et al., 2011), haematopoietic precursor cell destruction (Mbassa et al., 1994), activated complement products (Omer The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of supplementing non-enzymatic antioxidants as adjunct therapy in enhancing clinical recovery of cattle naturally infected with bovine tropical theileriosis. A total of 18 crossbred dairy cattle with the clinical signs consistent of bovine tropical theileriosis and confirmation by detection of piroplasm infected erythrocytes in blood smears, were randomly divided into 3 groups (A, B, C) of 6 animals each. Animals in group A were treated with specific therapy, buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/kg intramuscular once; group B treated with vitamin C @ 15 mg/kg intramuscular for nine days along with specific therapy and group C treated with vitamin E @ 1.5 mg/kg plus selenium @ 0.05 mg/kg intramuscular in three doses at three days interval along with specific therapy. The therapeutic evaluation was done on day 0, 3, 6 and 9 of therapy based upon alteration in haemato-biochemical profile and oxidative stress indices. Administration of buparvaquone alone led to disappearance of clinical signs; however, antioxidant supplementation adjunct to specific therapy hastened the clinical recovery. Quicker revival in haemato-biochemical profile was observed in animals of group C which were supplemented with vitamin E-selenium as compared to animals of group B. The oxidative stress indices in blood showed significant improvement in animals which were supplemented with antioxidants; however, more improvement was observed in animals of group C as compare to animals of group B. Thus, the present findings suggest vitamin Eselenium as better adjunct antioxidant therapy than vitamin C in bovine tropical theileriosis. K e y w o r d s
Impact of Climate Variability on Cool Weather Crop Yield in Ethiopia

The research examined effect of climate variability on yield of the two dominant cool weather cereals (wheat and barley) in central highland and Arssi grain plough farming systems of Ethiopia using eight round unbalanced panel data (1994-2014). The stochastic frontier model result revealed that production inputs for producing wheat and barley in the two farming system had significant effect. Crop season rainfall increment had negative and significant effect on technical efficiency of smallholders to produce wheat as to the model result. Technical efficiency of two crops responded differently for cropping season rainfall variability, in which wheat had negative and significant interaction with it while barley had positive. Given this, cropping season temperature had significant and positive effect on technical efficiency of both wheat and barley. Having this into account, yield of the two crops responded similarly for changes in production inputs like working capital, human labor and fertilizer. In general, rainfall inconsistency at the different stages of the production period had strong effect on yield of the two crops. Given this, the study forwarded an assignment to plant scientists in order to have further investigation on how the two crops responded differently to temperature variability.
Biosorption of Lead (II) and Copper (II) Metal Ions on Calotropis procera (Ait.)

Heavy metals are present in some industrial effluents, being responsible for environmental pollution. Biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective method for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters. In this study Pb(II) and Cu(II) biosorption by Calotropis procera (Ait.) was investigated in batch system from a binary mixture. The effects of some important parameters such as pH, initial concentration of heavy metals and modification of biomass surface by heat/acid treatment on biosorption capacity were studied. The maximum biosorption capacity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) was 14.5mg/g at pH 5.0 for Cu(II) and 22.8 mg/g at pH 4.0 for Pb(II) metal ions. The biosorption capacity of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions on the acid/heat-treated biomass was increased as 1.37 and 1.46 times than untreated form, respectively. The biosorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II) heavy metal ions on Calotropis procera (Ait.) appears to be an efficient and low cost alternative to be considered in industrial wastewater treatment.
Modeling Energy Price Dynamics: GARCH Versus Stochastic Volatility

We compare a number of GARCH and stochastic volatility (SV) models using nine series of oil, petroleum product and natural gas prices in a formal Bayesian model comparison exercise. The competing models include the standard models of GARCH(1,1) and SV with an AR(1) log-volatility process and more flexible models with jumps, volatility in mean and moving average innovations. We find that: (1) SV models generally compare favorably to their GARCH counterparts; (2) the jump component substantially improves the performance of the standard GARCH, but is unimportant for the SV model; (3) the volatility feedback channel seems to be superfluous; and (4) the moving average component markedly improves the fit of both GARCH and SV models. Overall, the SV model with moving average innovations is the best model for all nine series.
Recovery Ability of Dairy Buffalo Productivity after Treatment against Lice Infestation

The current study was carried out to determine the impact of sucking lice (Haematopinus tubercultus.) infestation on dairy buffalo cows productivity. Twenty four dairy buffalo cows were examined for lice infestation at the Experimental Animal Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, El-Kawamel city, Egypt. Animals were divided into two groups according to infection (14 uninfected animals and10 infected animals). Individual milk yield and body weight for all buffalo cows were weekly recorded for 8 weeks (3 weeks before infestation, 2 weeks during treatment and 3 weeks after treatment). Infected animals were treated with Butox 5% EC at concentration of 2 ml/ liter. The obtained results showed that the milk yield and body weight of infected animals were significantly (P<0.05) decreased during infection and treatment stage than the corresponding value before infection (2.73 vs. 3.97 L and 523.8 vs. 535.4 kg, respectively). Also, these findings indicated that the infected animals were loss 31.18 and 2.17% of milk yield and body weight, respectively. So, farmer should pay attention to improve the ability of immune resistance against ectoparasites and implement a preventive program against ectoparasites which would harmful for dairy buffalo cows productivity, welfare and appearance.
Test Clone Detection via Assertion Fingerprints by Zheng ( Felix )

Large software systems require large test suites to achieve high coverage. Test suites often employ closed unit tests that are self-contained and have no input parameters. To achieve acceptable coverage with self-contained unit tests, developers often clone existing tests and reproduce both boilerplate and essential environment setup code as well as assertions. Existing technologies such as parametrized unit tests and theories could mitigate cloning in test suites. These technologies give developers new ways to express refactorings. However, they do not help detect refactorable clones in the first place, which requires tedious manual effort. This thesis proposes a novel technique, assertion fingerprints, for detecting clones based on the set of assertion/fail calls in test methods. Assertion fingerprints encode the control flow around the ordered set of assertions in methods. We have implemented clone set detection using assertion fingerprints and applied it to 10 test suites for open-source Java programs. We provide an empirical study and a qualitative analysis of our results. Assertion fingerprints enable the discovery of test clones that exhibit strong structural similarities and are amenable to refactoring. Our technique delivers an overall 75% true positive rate on our benchmarks and identifies 44% of the benchmark test methods as clones.
Locus of Control and Academic Achievement Among Orang Asli Students in Malaysia

This paper is presented to identify the locus of control and its link to academic achievement of Orang Asli students. It’s also to determine the differences of locus of control according to age and gender. A total of 402 Orang Asli students (nmale = 39.05%, nfemale = 60.95%; nage14 = 57.71%, nage16 = 42.29%) from ten secondary schools in the states of Perak and Pahang involved in this study. Respondents were selected through multi-stage sampling technique and data were collected using questionnaires. The study found that majority of the respondent (61.94%) tends to have external locus of control. Meanwhile, locus of control showed a significant difference in term of age (t = 3.03; p < 0.01). Late adolescents tend to have internal locus of control. However, there was no significant difference in term of gender (t = -0.60; p > 0.05). Furthermore, locus of control showed significant differences according to various level of academic achievement with F(2, 399) = 19.58; p < 0.01. Those students who have higher level of academic achievement tend to have internal locus of control, compared to students with low academic achievement. As a conclusion, with the increased level of internal locus of control among the Orang Asli students, it will increase their hold control of effort for academic achievement.
Evaluation of anxiety in chronic dermatoses: differences between sexes

Skin, as an external organ, plays an important role in interpersonal relationships. The chronic character of some dermatoses and their unknown etiology also makes these patients who experience them, ad hoc candidates for high levels of anxiety. Our objetive was to estimate the influence of this variable on the onset and duration of skin disorders. The Inventory of Situations and Responses to Anxiety - ISRA - and a questionnaire relative to the history of the disease were administered to 95 patients. Results were compared with those of 95 persons without skin diseases. Sex, age, duration of the disease, affectation level of the disturbance and its relation with stress were also considered. We found significant differences between average scores of the two groups and between the sexes. The psychological impact produced by skin disorders and their chronic condition were related to a high level of anxiety in these patients. The anxiety response profile of these patients was also defined.
Two Alpine Glaciers over the Past Two Centuries: A Scientific View Based on Pictorial Sources

For centuries high mountains and glaciers have been a source of both paralyzing fear and strange fascination. Natural scientists fi rst began to show interest in Alpine glaciers at the beginning of the eighteenth century, but although the fi rst simple observations of glacier movements and moraines were made, no systematic scientifi c investigations were carried out (Zumbuhl 1980). The nineteenth century witnessed the Ice Age hypothesis and the beginning of modern experimental glaciology. Initial detailed studies of glacier-related phenomena were undertaken on the Unteraar Glacier, in Switzerland, in the 1840s by Louis Agassiz (1807–73). His contributions to the newly established scientifi c fi eld earned him the title of the “Father of Glaciology” (Lurie 1960). Impressive glacier advances affecting the majority of Alpine glaciers at about the same time can be recognized from archives and documentary evidence (Maisch et al. 1999; Nicolussi and Patzelt 2000). In addition, new kinds of documentary data that could be used to study glacier fl uctuations appeared. The technical progress of photography made it 6
The Role of Bile Acid Sequestrant in Diarrhea Management: Too Good to Be True?

Background: Chronic diarrhea can be caused by a wide range of conditions including malabsorption (e.g. Bile acid malabsorption (BAM)), infection (eg. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)), other gastrointestinal diseases (e.g. ileal resection, bile acid overproduction, pancreatic insufficiency, bacterial overgrowth, cholecystectomy and malignancy), and even stress and anxiety. BAM is a condition associated with inability to effectively absorb bile in the small intestine which results in chronic diarrhea. Cholestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant (BAS) with the potential to control chronic diarrhea induced by BAM and C. difficile infection. Objective: To explore the role of BAS in the management of chronic diarrhea and assess how the theoretical knowledge is supported by practical evidence. Methods: Ovid (MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Embase) was searched for "Cholestyramine Resin” AND "Chronic Diarrhea" with limits on the years 1946 – present. 8 studies which were deemed to be relevant to the objective at hand were summarized. Additional sources from Grey literature search were added using the same research strategies. Results: The results showed positive therapeutic impact of BAS, particularly cholestyramine in reducing stool frequency regardless of type and severity of BAM-induced diarrhea. However, low tolerability of BAS due to adverse effects can limit its use in some patients. Conclusion: BAS was more likely to be a good option as a short-term medication to better control symptoms and prevent illness. Therapeutic effect of BAS in the management of chronic diarrhea can be considered in palliative care to benefit patients who can tolerate this medication although not without the existent controversies.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF THORIA SPECIMENS OF VARYING POROSITY

The temperature dependence of Young's and the shear modulus of 18 thoria specimens of porosities ranging from 3.7 to 39.4 percent was measured by the dynamic resonance method. The temperature range of the measurements was from 25 to 1300 c- C. The moduli decreased with increasing temperature in general accordance with the pattern observed for other polycrystalline materials. The relative decrease in modulus with temperature for all the materials was essentially independent of porosity up to about 800 c- C. Above this temperature the relative decrease in modulus for the high porosity specimens tended to be more rapid than for the low porosity specimens. Also, Poisson's ratio for any particular specimen remained constant over the entire temperature range of measurement. (auth)