Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorção de nitrogênio nativo do solo pelo milho sob plantio direto em sucessão a plantas de cobertura

O nao revolvimento do solo com cultivo de adubos verdes na entressafra e o manejo da adubacao nitrogenada alteram, geralmente, a dinâmica e a recuperacao do N no sistema solo-planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a quantidade de N nativo do solo absorvido pelo milho em plantio direto, sob diferentes doses de N, em sucessao a crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), ao milheto (Pennisetum americanum) e a vegetacao espontânea (pousio) em um Latossolo Vermelho no Cerrado. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira-UNESP, Selviria-MS, nos anos agricolas 2001/02 e 2002/03. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com 15 tratamentos e quatro repeticoes, dispostos em esquema fatorial, 5 x 3, sendo cinco doses de N, na forma de ureia (0, 30, 80, 130 e 180 kg ha-1) e tres sistemas de cobertura do solo (crotalaria, milheto e o solo em pousio na entressafra). A quantidade de N nativo do solo absorvida pelo milho foi calculada pela diferenca entre total de N acumulado na planta de milho, na epoca da maturacao fisiologica, e o somatorio do N proveniente da ureia, do milheto ou da crotalaria determinados pelo metodo isotopico com 15N. O solo forneceu a maior quantidade de N para o milho, comparada a do fertilizante inorgânico conjuntamente a dos adubos verdes. As doses de N e os sistemas de cobertura do solo influenciaram significativamente a absorcao de N nativo do solo pelo milho.
SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD (FTIR-ATR) AND CHEMOMETRIC TOOLS TO DETECT COW'S MILK ADDITION TO BUFFALO'S MILK

The aim of this work was to use different chemometrics methods to detect cow’s milk addition in the buffalo’s milk, through the spectroscopic technique Fourier’s Transform Infrared associated with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR). Preparations were made with increasing levels of cow’s milk added to the buffalo’s milk, ranging from 0%-100%, totalizing 495 samples. 15 peaks were obtained in the spectral region between 4000 cm−1-600 cm−1 through the FTIR correspondentes a functional groups of fats, proteins and lactose, whose absorbances were were submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The PCA separated the samples as cow’s milk was added to buffalo milk. The ANN showed up to be more efficient, displaying classification rates of 100% for the reference samples and for most of the groups with the mixture of cow’s and buffalo’s milk, total classification rate of 95.5% and good prediction with satisfactory correlation and error. The results displayed the importance of the spectroscopic method FTIR-ATR associated with the chemometrics analysis for the detection of the authenticity of buffalo’s milk.
Screening of Hardhenu Crossbred, Sahiwal and Hariana Bulls for Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disorder Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD)

The present study involved screening of Hardhenu crossbred, Sahiwal and Hariana bulls for autosomal recessive genetic disorder i.e Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) using PCR based techniques. BLAD is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused due to a point mutation (A→G) at nucleotide 383 in the CD18 gene which results in substitution of aspartic acid with glycine in the adhesion glycoprotein CD18. All animals under study were maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India. About 5 ml blood was collected aseptically from jugular vein puncture into EDTA containing tubes, transported to the animal genomics laboratory and stored at-20°C until genomic DNA extraction, which was carried out using Phenol Chloroform method. The targeted genomic area of interest was amplified by using simple PCR technique. The amplified PCR products were digested with TaqI restriction enzyme. The targeted amplicon of 357 bp after digestion of the PCR product, the normal allele in unaffected bull produced two fragments of 201 bp and 156 bp. All the animals under study were found to be free from Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency. The molecular screening revealed that none of the bulls screened under study was carrier for BLAD. The present study suggests that the PCR and PCR-RFLP based technique could be employed as an efficient technique for screening of various genetic disorders for identification of carriers or affected animals before using them in breeding programs to minimize the spread of defective allele.
The evolution of galaxy shapes in CANDELS: from prolate to discy

We model the projected b/a-log a distributions of CANDELS star-forming main-sequence galaxies, where a (b) is the half-light semimajor (semiminor) axis of the galaxy images measured by GALFIT. We find that smaller a galaxies are rounder at all stellar masses M-* and redshifts, so we include a when analysing b/a distributions. Approximating intrinsic shapes of the galaxies as triaxial ellipsoids and assuming amultivariate normal distribution of galaxy size and two shape parameters, we construct their intrinsic shape and size distributions to obtain the fractions of elongated (prolate), discy (oblate), and spheroidal galaxies in each redshift and mass bin. We find that galaxies tend to be prolate at low M-* and high redshifts, and discy at high M-* and low redshifts, qualitatively consistent with van der Wel et al., implying that galaxies tend to evolve from prolate to discy. These results are consistent with the predictions from simulations that the transition from prolate to oblate is caused by a compaction event at a characteristic mass range, making the galaxy centre baryon dominated. We give probabilities of a galaxy's being elongated, discy, or spheroidal as a function of its M-*, redshift, and projected b/a and a, which can facilitate target selections of galaxies with specific shapes at high redshifts.
Impact of silica dioxide nanoparticles on the morphology of internal organs in rats by oral supplementation

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str. , Perm, 614045, Russian Federation Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolskiy Ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation Federal research centre of nutrition and biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinskiy Proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukireva Str. , Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
CEO compensation and its relation to firm performance

Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to examine how the pay-performance relationship behaves for firms listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange large cap list and attempt to draw inferences about how nation-specific aspects characterizing listed Swedish firms affect the relationship. Method: The method is a regression analysis using regressing performance on pay along with the control variables firm size and leverage. Data quality testing procedures are carried out in order to secure the credibility of the data and the inferences. Empirical analysis: A significant relationship between pay and performance is found with the performance proxy return on assets (ROA) when lagged one period, where the relationship is negative. Positive significance is found with the performance proxy share development when lagged one period. Salary regressed on ROA lagged one period along with leverage and market cap only resulted in significance for market cap on a 95% a-level. Conclusion: Since share development only have a marginal impact on the level of executive pay and the since ROA is negatively aligned with the remuneration levels we find weak support for bonus being an effect mechanism for aligning the interest of principals and agents among Swedish large cap firms.
Dry Residue of Cassava Associated With Carbohydrases in Diets for Broiler Chickens

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of dry residue of cassava (DRC) with or without carbohydrases on broilers from 22 to 42 d of age. The treatments consisted of a combination of diets containing 5 levels of inclusion of DRC (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%), with or without carbohydrase enzymes combination supplementation. There was an interaction (P
Organic matter transport in New York City drinking-water-supply watersheds

Abstract Organic matter (OM) in streams that provide drinking water is a potential energy source for bacterial regrowth in distribution systems and a precursor for disinfection byproducts. Baseflow concentrations of OM were measured over a 3-y period in 60 streams divided evenly between water-supply regions east and west of the Hudson River (EOH or WOH) in New York State. A baseline of OM concentrations in the 2 regions was generated, and land use/cover variables were related to those baseline concentrations. Dissolved organic C (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and particulate OM (POM) reflected regional differences in land use and point-source discharges. Three-year mean concentrations for these variables and for total organic C (TOC) were significantly lower in the WOH than in the EOH by factors of 1.5 to 2.3. Size fractionation of POM showed similarities between regions with >70% of particles in the 0.5- to 10-μm size class. DOC made up most of the TOC in both regions, and DOC:POC ratios ranged from 1.7 to 54.4. Stepwise multiple linear regressions revealed that agriculture and forest land uses explained most of the variation in OM concentrations in the WOH, whereas wetlands and point-source discharges, primarily associated with wastewater treatment plants, explained most of the variation in OM concentrations in the EOH. Despite the potential problems from OM for drinking water quality, OM is a natural and important component of stream ecosystems, so its total elimination from watersheds is neither advisable nor possible. Our data from watersheds in the WOH region with high percentages (>97%) of forested land use and from small to mid-sized watersheds in the EOH with no point-source discharges provide lower limits for OM concentrations and targets for best management practices.
The Comparison of the Manual and CAD Systems for Pattern Making, Grading and Marker Making Processes

The objective of this research is to conduct a comparison in pattern and marker making between the CAD and manual methods as regards individual course steps and total time values, and to determine the effective of model complexity on these times. For this purpose, four models starting from the simplest to the most complex were designed, and the course steps of the traditional manual method and CAD were first established. Each course step was carried out repeatedly by an expert according to statistical norms. In order to determine in which steps and for which model CAD can be more productive, the data obtained for both methods was compared with respect to the individual time value of each course step and the total time values. Furthermore, the possible causes of the results obtained were discussed and suggestions were put forward.
Agro-morphological Variability of Bottle Gourd Accessions Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl in Côte d’Ivoire

Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl is one of oleaginous cucurbits grown in Côte d'Ivoire with socio-economic and food importance that could play an important role in food security. The increase in the production of this species for improvement of plant yield remains a major challenge that begins with the agro-morphological characterization of local varieties present in different production areas. The objective of this study is to estimate agro-morphological variability within Lagenaria siceraria seed collection of Nangui Abrogoua University. The study focused on 26 accessions collected in the different production areas of the species. The experimental design is a randomized complementary block. Descriptive analyzes under the observation of fourteen descriptors showed existence of a great variability between accessions for the yield characters. Multiple variance analysis showed that there is a highly significant difference between accessions and provenances for the majority of traits studied. The structuring of accessions according to areas collection revealed by principal component analysis is confirmed by discriminant factor analysis. The classification of accessions and identification of the groups were carried out by hierarchical ascending classification which made it possible to elaborate a dendrogram which presents two groups of phenotypic diversity. It appears that the most relevant variables that describe the best variability between groups are fruit size (FH), fruit weight (FW), number of seed (NS), and seed weight (SW). These analyzed characters can thus constitute basic criteria to differentiate accessions and to be used in studies of morphological diversity of L. siceraria.
Metabolic Insight of Neutrophils in Health and Disease

Neutrophils are the most abundant, short lived, and terminally differentiated leukocytes with distinct tiers of arsenals to counter pathogens. Neutrophils were traditionally considered transcriptionally inactive cells, but recent researches in the field led to a paradigm shift in neutrophil biology and revealed subpopulation heterogeneity, and functions pivotal to immunity and inflammation. Furthermore, recent unfolding of metabolic plasticity in neutrophils has challenged the long-standing concept of their sole dependence on glycolytic pathway. Metabolic adaptations and distinct regulations have been identified which are critical for neutrophil differentiation and functions. The metabolic reprogramming of neutrophils by inflammatory mediators or during pathologies such as sepsis, diabetes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer are now being explored. In this review, we discuss recent developments in understanding of the metabolic regulation, that may provide clues for better management and newer therapeutic opportunities for neutrophil centric immuno-deficiencies and inflammatory disorders.
Relationship between Organizational Justice and Job Performance of Payamenoor University Employees in Ardabil Province

The main purpose of this study is, surveying the relationship between organizational justice and job performance of payamenoor university employees in Ardabil province. The method of this research is applied correlation. The statistic societies are all employees of Payamenoor university of Ardabil (237 persons). The method of sampling is classified random sampling. The size of selected samples was 147 persons that they were determined by Cochran formula. The means of collecting data were two standard questionnaires: organizational justice with 17 items and job performance with 28 items. The face and context validity of questionnaires were reviewed by experts and for measuring the reliability of them was used Cronbach-alpha coefficient. To analyzing data were used one sample t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression. Findings show there is a positive relationship between organizational justice and its dimensions (distributive justice, procedural justice, informational justice) and job performance and its dimensions (context and obligation) and also there is a weak relationship between the above cases and procedural justice, so to promote employees' job performance in the area of organizational justice and its dimensions.
Modelling annual mass balances of eight Scandinavian 1 glaciers using statistical models 2 3

9 Mass balances of Scandinavian glaciers are mainly influenced by winter precipitation and 10 summer temperature. We used simple statistical models to assess the relative importance of 11 summer temperature and winter precipitation for annual balances of eight glaciers in 12 Scandinavia. Winter precipitation was more important for maritime glaciers, whereas summer 13 temperature was more important for annual balances of continental glaciers. Most importantly 14 relative importances of summer temperature and winter precipitation were not stable in time. 15 For instance, winter precipitation was more important than summer temperature for all 16 glaciers in the 25-year period 1972 – 1996, whereas the relative importance of summer 17 temperature was increasing towards the present. Between 1963 and 1996 the Atlantic 18 Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index was consistently negative and the North Atlantic 19 Oscillation (NAO) Index was consistently positive between 1987 and 1995, both being 20 favourable for glacier growth. Winter precipitation was more important than summer 21 temperature for annual balances when only considering subsets of years with high NAO-index 22 and negative AMO-index, respectively, whereas the importance of summer temperature was 23 increased analysing subsets of years with low NAO-index and positive AMO-index, 24 respectively. Hence, the relative importance of precipitation and temperature for mass 25 balances was probably influenced by the state of the AMO and the NAO, as these two indexes 26 are associated with changes in summer temperature (AMO) and winter precipitation (NAO). 27
Effect of Some Different Sourses of Organic Fertilizers and Seaweed Extract on Growth and Essential Oil of Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Plants.

This work was carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2014/ 2015 and 2015/ 2016 at Meet Assas village, (Private Farm) Gharbieh Governorate, Egypt, on sweet fennel plants, to investigate the utilization of some different sources and rates of organic manure (chicken and farmyard manure) at 50 and100 % of recommended rate / fed. , foliar fertilizer of seaweed extracts ( without and with 2 g / liter) compared with mineral NPK fertilizer at 50 and 100 % of recommended rate /fed. , and their interaction on plant growth, yield (bulb and fruit fennel) and chemical composition. The application of farmyard manure at 100 % with seaweed extract showed increased growth compared to the chicken manure at 100% or inorganic fertilizer at 100% with seaweed extracts in the plant fresh and dry weight, plant height, number of leaves, bulb and fruits yield, as well as essential oil. Similarly, chemical parameters have also shown increased from farmyard manure over the inorganic fertilizers. Thus our study provides the evidence for using seaweed extract with organic fertilizer like farmyard manure by farmers to have better yield to produce from bulbs and fruits, organic manure is easy available, environmentally safe and cost effective in sweet fennel plants
Associations between genomic ancestry, genome size and capitula morphology in the invasive meadow knapweed hybrid complex (Centaurea × moncktonii) in eastern North America

Abstract Plant invasions are prime opportunities for studying hybridization and the nature of species boundaries, but hybrids also complicate the taxonomic treatment and management of introduced taxa. In this study, we use population genomics to estimate the extent of genomic admixture and test for its association with morphology and genome size in a hybrid complex of knapweeds invasive to North America: meadow knapweed (Centaurea × moncktonii) and its parental species (C. jacea and C. nigra). We sampled 20 populations from New York and Vermont, USA, and used genotyping by sequencing to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in order to estimate genome-wide ancestry and classify individuals into hybrid genotype classes. We then tested for association between degree of genomic introgression and variation in a subset of traits diagnostic for the parental taxa, namely capitula morphology and monoploid genome size. Genomic clustering revealed two clearly defined lineages, as well as many admixed individuals forming a continuous gradation of introgression. Individual assignments to hybrid genotype classes revealed many advanced generation intercrosses and backcrosses, suggesting introgression has been extensive and unimpeded by strong reproductive barriers between taxa. Variation in capitula traits between the two unadmixed, presumed parental, lineages exhibited continuous, and in some cases transgressive, segregation among introgressed hybrids. Genome size was also divergent between lineages, although advanced generation hybrids had smaller genomes relative to additive expectations. Our study demonstrates deep introgression between the porous genomes of a hybrid invasive species complex. In addition to strong associations among genomic ancestry, genome size and morphology, hybrids expressed more extreme phenotypic values for capitula traits and genome size, indicating transgressive segregation, as well as a bias towards smaller genomes, possibly due to genomic downsizing. Future studies will apply these results to experimentally test how introgression, transgressive segregation and genome size reduction interact to confer invasiveness.
Unexpected sound omissions are signaled in human posterior superior temporal gyrus: an intracranial study

Context modulates sensory neural activations enhancing perceptual and behavioral performance and reducing prediction errors. However, the mechanism of when and where these high-level expectations act on sensory processing is unclear. Here, we isolate the effect of expectation absent any auditory evoked activity by assessing the response to omitted expected sounds. Electrophysiological signals were recorded directly from the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Subjects listened to a predictable sequence of syllables, with some infrequently omitted. We found a high frequency band (HFB, 70-150Hz) response to omissions, which overlap with a posterior subset of auditory active electrodes. This response is distinct from omission activations observed in non-auditory selective sites in STG. Heard syllables could be classified reliably from STG, but not the identity of the omitted stimulus. Both omission- and target detection activations were also observed in prefrontal cortex. We propose that the posterior STG and STS are central for implementing predictions in the auditory environment. HFB omission activations in this region appear to index mismatch-signaling or salience detection processes.