Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Affect in Self-Disclosure on Social Network Websites: A Test of Two Competing Models

Abstract This study examines how affect influences self-disclosure on social network (SN) websites. We test two competing models that build on direct causation theory and affect heuristic theory, respectively. In a direct effect model, affect steers self-disclosure, independent of cognitive cost–benefit appraisals. The indirect effect model instead suggests that affect influences self-disclosure by adjusting perceptions of benefits and costs. The empirical comparison of the models relies on survey data from more than 500 university students. Overall, affect influences self-disclosure indirectly by adjusting the benefits people perceive. In particular, affect toward self-disclosure and toward SN websites relate positively to self-disclosure motivators; their perceived values appear amplified in the presence of positive affect. We also offer a plausible, alternative explanation of the observed positive relationship between privacy risk and self-disclosure according to an indirect effect model, in which self-disclosure is driven mainly by motivators, whereas the effects of inhibitors depend a posteriori on self-disclosure. These findings call for a reconsideration of any exclusive focus on the direct impacts of affect on technology use, as is common in previous research, and suggest the importance of affective factors for understanding social technology uses and managing customer relationships.
Acetylation regulates DNA repair mechanisms in human cells

ABSTRACT The p300-mediated acetylation of enzymes involved in DNA repair and replication has been previously shown to stimulate or inhibit their activities in reconstituted systems. To explore the role of acetylation on DNA repair in cells we constructed plasmid substrates carrying inactivating damages in the EGFP reporter gene, which should be repaired in cells through DNA mismatch repair (MMR) or base excision repair (BER) mechanisms. We analyzed efficiency of repair within these plasmid substrates in cells exposed to deacetylase and acetyltransferase inhibitors, and also in cells deficient in p300 acetyltransferase. Our results indicate that protein acetylation improves DNA mismatch repair in MMR-proficient HeLa cells and also in MMR-deficient HCT116 cells. Moreover, results suggest that stimulated repair of mismatches in MMR-deficient HCT116 cells is done though a strand-displacement synthesis mechanism described previously for Okazaki fragments maturation and also for the EXOI-independent pathway of MMR. Loss of p300 reduced repair of mismatches in MMR-deficient cells, but did not have evident effects on BER mechanisms, including the long patch BER pathway. Hypoacetylation of the cells in the presence of acetyltransferase inhibitor, garcinol generally reduced efficiency of BER of 8-oxoG damage, indicating that some steps in the pathway are stimulated by acetylation.
Optimal Selection of Web Services for Composition Based on Interface-Matching and Weighted Multistage Graph

This paper first presents a 3-layer organization model and an evaluation model for services composition. Then it presents an approach for selecting global optimal execution plan of Web services composition, which is based on weighted multistage graph and fully considering interface-matching between Web services. Based on this approach, we can select the optimal execution plan dynamically by Dynamic Programming, Integer Programming, Genetic Algorithm or Immune Algorithm, which can solve the problem efficiently and make the selection more correct.
Design of Optimal High-Rank Line-of-Sight MIMO Channels

This paper describes a technique for realizing a high-rank channel matrix in a line-of-sight (LOS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scenario. This is beneficial for systems which are unable to make use of the originally derived MIMO gain given by independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) flat Rayleigh fading subchannels. The technique is based on optimization of antenna placement in uniform linear arrays with respect to mutual information (MI). By introducing a new and more general 3-D geometrical model than that applied in earlier work, additional insight into the optimal design parameters is gained. We also perform a novel analysis of the sensitivity of the optimal design parameters, and derive analytical expressions for the eigenvalues of the pure LOS channel matrix which are valid also when allowing for non-optimal design. Furthermore, we investigate the approximations introduced in the derivations, in order to reveal when the results are applicable. The LOS matrix is employed in a Ricean fading channel model, and performance is evaluated with respect to the average MI and the MI cumulative distribution function. Our results show that even with some deviation from the optimal design, the LOS MEMO case outperforms the i.i. d. Rayleigh case in terms of MI.
Racial variations to a standardized cold stress.

Healthy, male, Negro, Caucasian and Eskimo subjects were subjected nude to an air temperature of 17°C. Rectal, average skin and extremity temperatures, body metabolism, sweating rates and electromyograms were obtained at 5-minute intervals throughout the duplicate exposure periods for each individual. After 55 minutes of exposure, both the Caucasian and Eskimo subjects demonstrated an average rise in metabolism of 22 Cal/hr/m2 above control levels of 40 and 55 Cal/hr/m2, respectively. Negro subjects showed an increase in body heat production of only 10 Cal/hr/m2 after 85 minutes in the cold room. Although the absolute levels of heat production differed for the Eskimo and Caucasian groups, these subjects responded in a similar fashion to the standard cold stress. Submitted on July 24, 1957
Group Evaluation: A Collaborative, Peer-Mediated Behavior Management System

The efficacy of a consensus based group-evaluation system was examined using a reversal design. Two groups of students with disabilities served as subjects. The group-evaluation system involved: (a) dividing the groups into teams; (b) having each team agree on a common rating for the group's behavior during a specified time period; (c) comparing each team's rating to the teacher's rating; and (d) delivering reinforcement to each team based on the group's behavior and the team's accuracy in rating the group's behavior. Results indicated that the group-evaluation system was an effective strategy for modifying classroom behavior.
One-step Real-time Food Quality Analysis by Simultaneous DSC–FTIR Microspectroscopy

This review discusses an analytical technique that combines differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared (DSC–FTIR) microspectroscopy, which simulates the accelerated stability test and detects decomposition products simultaneously in real time. We show that the DSC–FTIR technique is a fast, simple and powerful analytical tool with applications in food sciences. This technique has been applied successfully to the simultaneous investigation of: encapsulated squid oil stability; the dehydration and intramolecular condensation of sweetener (aspartame); the dehydration, rehydration and solidification of trehalose; and online monitoring of the Maillard reaction for glucose (Glc)/asparagine (Asn) in the solid state. This technique delivers rapid and appropriate interpretations with food science applications.
Ataraxia: Happiness as Tranquillity

In this paper I would like to examine a conception of happiness that seems to have become popular after the time of Plato and Aristotle: tranquillity or, as one might also say, peace of mind. This conception is interesting for two reasons: first, because it seems to come from outside the tradition that began with Plato or Socrates, second, because it is the only conception of eudaimonia in Greek ethics that identifies happiness with a state of mind and makes it depend entirely on a person's attitude or beliefs. In this way it may be closer to more recent ideas about happiness, notably those of utilitarians who treat “happiness” as a synonym of “pleasure,” than to the classical Greek conceptions of the good life. For Plato and Aristode (and in fact for the Hellenistic philosophers too, including the hedonist Epicurus) the happy life certainly had to be pleasant or enjoyable, but they did not think that happiness itself consisted in being pleased with one's life. As the (somewhat unorthodox) Stoic Seneca puts it, “it is not that virtue is chosen because it pleases, but that, if chosen, it also pleases. ” I will argue that tranquillity was in fact not a serious contender for the position of ultimate good in ancient times. Greek theories of happiness from Plato to Epicurus were attempts to spell out what sort of a life one would have to lead in order to have good reasons for feeling tranquil or contented; they were not recipes for reaching a certain state of mind.
Retrospectively evaluated preinjury personality traits influence postconcussion symptoms

ABSTRACT Postconcussion symptoms (PCS) are not uncommon following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Personality traits have always been viewed as one of the most important explanations for persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS). Unfortunately, studies on the association between preinjury personality traits and the PPCS are still limited. This study thus aimed to examine the relationship between the preinjury personality and PCS in patients with mTBI. A total of 106 participants including 53 healthy participants were recruited. All participants complete the modified Checklist of Postconcussion Symptoms and the Health, Personality, & Habit Scale. Participants were evaluated within 4 weeks and at 4 months, respectively, after injury. The results showed patients reported significantly more PCS than healthy participants did within 4 weeks postinjury. A significant positive association between PCS and retrospectively evaluated preinjury personality was found. Specifically, patients who reported that their preinjury personality was depressive or anxious-related presented more PCS. This study might be the first to directly demonstrate that preinjury personality traits are closely linked to PCS reporting in patients with mTBI. Importantly, PCS reporting might be associated with different personality traits at different periods after injuries, and thus, a careful evaluation for personality characteristics is merited after mTBI.
Cellular patterns in the inner retina of adult zebrafish: Quantitative analyses and a computational model of their formation

The mechanisms that control cellular pattern formation in the growing vertebrate central nervous system are poorly understood. In an effort to reveal mechanistic rules of cellular pattern formation in the central nervous system, quantitative spatial analysis and computational modeling techniques were applied to cellular patterns in the inner retina of the adult zebrafish. All the analyzed cell types were arrayed in nonrandom patterns tending toward regularity; specifically, they were locally anticlustered. Over relatively large spatial scales, only one cell type exhibited consistent evidence for pattern regularity, suggesting that cellular pattern formation in the inner retina is dominated by local anticlustering mechanisms. Cross‐correlation analyses revealed independence between the patterns of different cell types, suggesting that cellular pattern formation may involve multiple, independent, homotypic anticlustering mechanisms. A computational model of cellular pattern formation in the growing zebrafish retina was developed, which featured an inhibitory, homotypic signaling mechanism, arising from differentiated cells, that controlled the spatial profile of cell fate decisions. By adjusting the spatial profile of this decaying‐exponential signal, the model provided good estimates of all the cellular patterns that were observed in vivo, as objectively judged by quantitative spatial pattern analyses. The results support the hypothesis that cellular pattern formation in the inner retina of zebrafish is dominated by a set of anticlustering mechanisms that may control events at, or near, the spatiotemporal point of cell fate decision. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:11–25, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validating Instruments in MIS Research

Calls for new directions in MIS research bring with them a call for renewed methodological rigor. This article offers an operating paradigm for renewal along dimensions previously unstressed. The basic contention is that confirmatory empirical findings will be strengthened when instrument validation precedes both internal and statistical conclusion validity and that, in many situations, MIS researchers need to validate their research instruments. This contention is supported by a survey of instrumentation as reported in sample IS journals over the last several years. A demonstration exercise of instrument validation follows as an illustration of some of the basic principles of validation. The validated instrument was designed to gather data on the impact of computer security administration on the incidence of computer abuse in the U.S.A.
Dual diagnosis: 15 years of progress.

alization, psychiatry focused on helping patients with long-term institutional histories leave psychiatric hospitals and adjust to living in the community. Awareness of the problems of patients with severe mental illness who had never experienced prolonged hospitalization was slow to emerge. A spate of articles in the early 1980s identified, described, and labeled the “young adult chronic patient” (1–3). Encounters with the drug culture were described in these and similar articles as the young person’s attempt to cope with mental illness and life in the community. The medical designations of co-occurring disorders and dual diagnosis had not yet been used. In the late 1980s, as federal health agencies and providers of all kinds began to attend to this new, younger population of individuals with severe mental illness, the concept of co-occurring disorders emerged (4). Affected individuals were often discussed under the rubric of dual diagnosis but were also called mentally ill chemical abusers, substance-abusing mentally ill persons, and a host of other names that emphasized the concept of two co-occurring disorders. Researchers such as Lehman and colleagues (5) began to address the assessment and treatment of persons with dual diagnoses. At the same time, observers noted the administrative, organizational, financial, and clinical barriers these persons encountered in trying to obtain both mental health and substance abuse services (6). Simultaneously, clinicians, policy makers, and researchers began to tackle the conundrum of how to link mental health and substance abuse services, both conceptually (7) and practically (8). In many ways dual diagnosis is an unfortunate misnomer. There are other dual diagnosis populations, such as those with mental illness and developmental disabilities. Persons with severe mental illness and substance use disorders can be described in other ways and at other levels: they have multiple interacting disabilities, psychosocial problems, and disadvantages. The population of persons with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders is itself quite heterogeneous. It includes individuals with less disabling mental illnesses such as anxiety disorders, those with different severe illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and those with either substance abuse or substance dependence. Nevertheless, the term dual diagnosis became standard usage. It began to be included in the subject index of Hospital and Community Psychiatry in 1989, and it has survived over the years to refer to adults with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders. On the positive side, when the complexities were reduced to a simple medical term, attention was drawn to problems related to substance use, which created a mandate for recognition
Extracellularly signal-regulated kinase activity in the human endometrium: possible roles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

CONTEXT Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, causing pelvic pain and infertility in 10% of reproductive-aged women. It is unclear why ectopic endometrium remains viable in only a subset of women. ERK1/2 plays key intracellular roles in activating cellular survival and differentiation processes. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine ERK1/2 activity in patients with endometriosis and its possible roles in regulating endometrial cell survival. DESIGN ERK1/2 phosphorylation and expression throughout the menstrual cycle were evaluated in vivo in normal and endometriotic human endometrium, and in vitro techniques assessed the steroidal regulation of ERK1/2 and its effect on endometrial cell survival. RESULTS Total ERK1/2 remained constant in normal and endometriotic endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Phospho-ERK1/2 was high in the late proliferative and secretory phases in normal endometrium (P < 0.05). In endometriotic glandular cells, there was no cyclical variation in phospho-ERK1/2. In endometriotic stromal cells, there was also a reduction in phospho-ERK1/2 variation, with higher levels in the early-mid secretory phase (P < 0.05). In cultured endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), estrogen plus progesterone increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation within 15 min (P < 0.05). Although estrogen alone did not induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation in normal ESCs, there was a significant response to estrogen in ESCs isolated from eutopic endometriotic endometrium (P < 0.05). ERK1/2 inhibition in ESCs reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Abnormally high levels of ERK1/2 activity may be involved in endometriosis, possibly by stimulating endometrial cell survival.
Cost effectiveness of treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in clinical practice: a clinical database analysis

Background—Previous evaluations of the cost effectiveness of antireflux medication used in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) have been based on results obtained in controlled clinical trials. Unfortunately such an approach does not necessarily identify the therapeutic option which provides the greatest benefit from available resources in real life situations. To make an informed choice requires a recognition that the costs and benefits of therapy in practice may differ from those identified in trials. Aims—To evaluate, based on a retrospective prescription database analysis, the cost effectiveness of alternative treatment options for patients with uncomplicated GORD. The analysis assesses health service resource use during the first six months of treatment in three groups of patients initially prescribed cisapride (CIS), ranitidine (RAN), or omeprazole (OME). Methods—The MediPlus™ UK database was used to identify all health care resources consumed by patients in the three treatment groups during their first six months of treatment. Patients with more complicated GORD, as indicated by initial referral to a specialist or outpatient hospital visit (<13%), were excluded from the analysis. Results—The average cost per patient for the initial six months of treatment for CIS, RAN, and OME based therapies was £136, £177, and £189 per patient, respectively. A major element underlying this cost variation was the acquisition cost and quantity of antireflux medication required by patients. The average number of one month equivalent prescriptions consumed during this six month period was 1.85 (CIS), 2.57 (RAN), and 2.96 (OME) with associated costs of £49 (CIS), £67 (RAN), and £105 (OME). Antacid and alginate/antacid use was higher in the CIS and RAN groups (about 1.0 antacid prescription per patient versus 0.4 for OME), but their contribution to the total cost per patient was less than 2%. The number of general practitioner consultations over the six month period for each treatment group was 2.4 (CIS), 2.9 (RAN), and 2.6 (OME) with associated costs of £60.31 (CIS), £73.06 (RAN), and £65.52 (OME). The average number of non-drug interventions (referrals, outpatient visits, endoscopies, barium meals, or x rays) was 0.34 in the RAN group compared with less than 0.2 in the CIS and OME groups. The costs associated with such interventions were £23.80 (RAN), £9.60 (CIS), and £11.10 (OME) per patient. Conclusion—The data indicate that the “step up” approach, starting with a prokinetic or H2 receptor antagonist, represents the most cost effective initial therapeutic strategy for a primary care physician to adopt when faced with a patient with first diagnosis of uncomplicated GORD.
Pediatrician-recommended use of sports drinks and dental caries in 3-year-old children.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether children advised by a pediatrician to take sports drinks consume them more frequently than do other children and whether these children have an increased risk of dental caries. METHODS The subjects were 522 mother/child pairs who attended a dental checkup for 3-year-olds at one of ten community health centers in Nagasaki, Japan. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of children with or without dental caries according to child-related variables. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between the presence of dental caries and child-related variables taken from a dental checkup and a questionnaire. RESULTS A high frequency of sports drink consumption was strongly associated with dental caries in children. The highest proportion of mothers answered that they were advised by a pediatrician to give sports drinks to their children. However, these children consumed sports drinks significantly less frequently than did children who did so for reasons other than pediatrician recommendations. In addition, these children were significantly less likely to have dental caries than were children who consumed sports drinks for otherreasons. CONCLUSIONS Pediatrician-recommended consumption of sports drinks does not lead to more frequent consumption of these beverages or to dental caries in 3-year-old children.
The Adaptor Protein Fish Associates with Members of the ADAMs Family and Localizes to Podosomes of Src-transformed Cells*

Fish is a scaffolding protein and Src substrate. It contains an amino-terminal Phox homology (PX) domain and five Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, as well as multiple motifs for binding both SH2 and SH3 domain-containing proteins. We have determined that the PX domain of Fish binds 3-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols (including phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate). Consistent with this, a fusion protein of green fluorescent protein and the Fish PX domain localized to punctate structures similar to endosomes in normal fibroblasts. However, the full-length Fish protein was largely cytoplasmic, suggesting that its PX domain may not be able to make intermolecular interactions in unstimulated cells. In Src-transformed cells, we observed a dramatic re-localization of some Fish molecules to actin-rich structures called podosomes; the PX domain was both necessary and sufficient to effect this translocation. We used a phage display screen with the fifth SH3 domain of Fish and isolated ADAM19 as a binding partner. Subsequent analyses in mammalian cells demonstrated that Fish interacts with several members of the ADAMs family, including ADAMs 12, 15, and 19. In Src-transformed cells, ADAM12 co-localized with Fish in podosomes. Because members of the ADAMs family have been implicated in growth factor processing, as well as cell adhesion and motility, Fish could be acting as an adaptor molecule that allows Src to impinge on these processes.