Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TLR2 and TLR4 activate p38 MAPK and JNK during endurance exercise in skeletal muscle.

PURPOSE Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) are found in the membrane of skeletal muscle cells. A variety of molecular components can activate TLR2 and TLR4, among others, long-chain fatty acids. The subsequent downstream signaling triggers the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test whether an elevation of extracellular nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) observed during endurance exercise may activate the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2 and TLR4. METHODS tlr2 and tlr4 mice and wild-type C57BL/6J animals (WT) were submitted to a standardized endurance exercise. RESULTS Immediately after exercise, the phosphorylation state of p38 MAPK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and c-Jun was increased in the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles of WT (P < 0.05). The phosphorylation state of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and IκB kinase α/β and the DNA-binding of NF-κB remained unchanged. The activation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and c-Jun was completely blunted in TA of tlr2 and tlr4 mice, whereas in SOL, it represented only 25% of the increase observed in WT mice. The causal relationship between NEFA concentration and MAPK activation was evaluated by injecting mice with heparin. A similar increase in plasma NEFA was observed after heparin injection than after endurance exercise. JNK and p38 MAPK were activated under heparin in TA and SOL of WT (P < 0.05) but not in muscles of tlr2 and tlr4 mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the idea that during endurance exercise, TLR2 and TLR4 mediate a signal linking the elevated plasma NEFA concentration to the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK.
No Religion Higher Than Truth: A History of the Theosophical Movement in Russia, 1875-1922

Among the various kinds of occultism popular during the Russian Silver Age (1890-1914), modern Theosophy was by far the most intellectually significant. This contemporary gnostic gospel was invented and disseminated by Helena Blavatsky, an expatriate Russian with an enthusiasm for Buddhist thought and a genius for self-promotion. What distinguished Theosophy from the other kinds of "mysticism" - the spiritualism, table turning, fortune-telling, and magic - that fascinated the Russian intelligentsia of the period? In answering this question, Maria Carlson offers the first scholarly study of a controversial but important movement in its Russian context. Carlson's is the only work on this topic written by an intellectual historian not ideologically committed to Theosophy. Placing Mme. Blavatsky and her "secret doctrine" in a Russian setting, the book also discusses independent Russian Theosophical circles and the impact of the Theosophical-Anthroposophical schism in Russia. It surveys the vigorous polemics of the Theosophists and their critics, demonstrates Theosophy's role in the philosophical dialogues of the Russian creative intelligentsia, and chronicles the demise of the movement after 1917. By exploring this long neglected aspect of the Silver Age, Carlson greatly enriches our knowledge of fin-de-siecle Russian culture.
Beliefs and therapeutic preferences of mothers in management of acute diarrhoeal disease in children.

A questionnaire was designed with partly structured and partly open-ended questions to determine beliefs regarding the causation of diarrhea its complications danger signals recognized on the basis of stool characteristics prevalent practices of food and fluid restriction during the illness and therapeutic preferences. 6 villages were selected from a community development block in North India; of these 4 had a health center facility. 100 families with children under the age of 3 were randomly selected. 200 interviews were also conducted in the urban area on mothers with children under 3 for the purpose of comparison. Rural and urban groups were comparable with regard to the age of the mothers socioeconomic status caste and type of family. Results indicate that the prevalent harmful beliefs concerning the management of childhood diarrhea are: 1) lack of concern for watery stools; 2) widespread restriction of fluids and foods; 3) preference for injections; and 4) use of opium and purgatives for treatment of diarrhea. Irrational beliefs and inappropriate therapeutic preferences were common among mothers from rural areas illiterate women and those interviewed in villages with no health center. Oral rehydration therapy and health education were well accepted and understood in the villages where they were introduced. This combined with appropriate health education could serve as important entry points in the treatment of diarrheal disease in the developing countries.
MR studies of the spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis: what should we do?

In this issue of the AJNR , Rocca et al (page 1710) report a comparison of three imaging techniques for detection of plaques in patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). They find that a fast short tau inversion recovery (fast STIR) technique was superior to a fast spin-echo (FSE) and a
Acute stress disorder among civilians during a war and post-traumatic growth six years later: the impact of personal and social resources

Background and Objectives: Various studies suggest a link between stress response to a traumatic event and post-traumatic growth (PTG), but little is known about their long-term relationship. In this study, the relationship between acute stress disorder (ASD) among civilians during a war on the home front and PTG six years later was examined for the first time. Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the role of personal and social resource loss and gain as moderating factors was investigated. Design and Methods: At Time 1 of the research (the Second Lebanon War in 2006), a structured questionnaire was administered to 370 civilians living within rocket range. At Time 2, 6 years later, 301 participants from Time 1 were again examined. The data analysis refers to the 301 respondents who participated at Time 2. Results: The findings indicate a significant relationship between ASD and PTG. Examination of the interaction revealed that resource gain (but not resource loss) moderates (strengthens) the relationship between the two. Conclusions: These findings are not consistent with the COR view that resource loss has a greater effect on stress responses than resource gain.
Ulu Leang Cave, Maros : A Preliminary Sequence of post-Pleistocene Cultural Development in South Sulawesi

IV. 1. Ian C. Glover (Institute of Archaeology, London) membuat laporan yang lengkap dan disertai gambar-gambar, mengenai penyelidikannya yang dilakukan pada tahun 1969 dan 1973 dalam sebuah gua dekat Maros (Sulawesi Selatan). Penyeli- dikan tersebut berhasil menemukan alat-alat jaman batu, pecahan barang pecah belah dari tanah liât dan tulang-tulang yang dalam garis besarnya berasal dari masa 8000 sampai 3000 tahun sebelum Masehi. Daerah tersebut penting untuk penye- lidikan jaman pra-sejarah Sulawesi dan pada umumnya jaman pra-sejarah daerah Indonesia Timur.
EMPOWER-1.0: an Efficient Model of Planktonic ecOsystems WrittEn in R

Abstract. Modelling marine ecosystems requires insight and judgement when it comes to deciding upon appropriate model structure, equations and parameterisation. Many processes are relatively poorly understood and tough decisions must be made as to how to mathematically simplify the real world. Here, we present an efficient plankton modelling testbed, EMPOWER-1.0 (Efficient Model of Planktonic ecOsystems WrittEn in R), coded in the freely available language R. The testbed uses simple two-layer "slab" physics whereby a seasonally varying mixed layer which contains the planktonic marine ecosystem is positioned above a deep layer that contains only nutrient. As such, EMPOWER-1.0 provides a readily available and easy to use tool for evaluating model structure, formulations and parameterisation. The code is transparent and modular such that modifications and changes to model formulation are easily implemented allowing users to investigate and familiarise themselves with the inner workings of their models. It can be used either for preliminary model testing to set the stage for further work, e.g. coupling the ecosystem model to 1-D or 3-D physics, or for undertaking front line research in its own right. EMPOWER-1.0 also serves as an ideal teaching tool. In order to demonstrate the utility of EMPOWER-1.0, we implemented a simple nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model and carried out both a parameter tuning exercise and structural sensitivity analysis. Parameter tuning was demonstrated for four contrasting ocean sites, focusing on station BIOTRANS in the North Atlantic (47° N, 20° W), highlighting both the utility of undertaking a planned sensitivity analysis for this purpose, yet also the subjectivity which nevertheless surrounds the choice of which parameters to tune. Structural sensitivity tests were then performed comparing different equations for calculating daily depth-integrated photosynthesis, as well as mortality terms for both phytoplankton and zooplankton. Regarding the calculation of daily photosynthesis, for example, results indicated that the model was relatively insensitive to the choice of photosynthesis–irradiance curve, but markedly sensitive to the method of calculating light attenuation in the water column. The work highlights the utility of EMPOWER-1.0 as a means of comprehending, diagnosing and formulating equations for the dynamics of marine ecosystems.
Light microscopy of Indian ink preparations of fibrillated cartilage.

At present it is not known whether fibrillation of articular cartilage is initiated by abrasive or adhesive wear, by fatigue failure (Freeman, 1971) or overstressing, or by some other process such as the 'sliding damage' postulated by Walker, Sikorski, Dowson, Longfield, Wright, and Buckley (1969); moreover, it cannot be assumed that each instance of surface damage is always initiated in the same way. Morphological observations are relevant to this problem, since it is important that any hypothesis eventually put forward to explain fibrillation should be fully consistent with structural changes observed in the tissue. Previous studies have described the morphology offibrillation as seen by light microscopy of conventional histological sections cut vertical to the articular surface (Collins, 1949; Meachim, Ghadially, and Collins, 1965); as seen by transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin vertically cut sections (Meachim and Roy, 1969); as seen by scanning electron microscopy of the cartilage viewed from above the surface (McCall, 1968; Walker and others, 1969; Redler and Zimny, 1970); and as seen by macroscopic examination of Indian ink preparations (Bullough and Goodfellow, 1968). The present study employs the use of methods in which Indian ink preparations are examined by reflected light microscopy of the surface in situ and by transmitted light microscopy of tangential surface slices.
Cancer incidence in a cohort of Finnish male smokers

A total of 29 133 male smokers, aged 50–69 years, were recruited into the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study in 1984–1988. The nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry (FCR) recorded 5944 incident cases of cancer in this cohort through the end of 1999. Compared with the FCR data of the entire Finnish male population of same age the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of total cancer in the ATBC cohort was 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–1.59]. There was a significant excess of established smoking-related malignancies, such as lung cancer (SIR 2.45, 95% CI 2.35–2.56), and cancers of the tongue, mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, liver, urinary bladder and kidney. In addition to these sites, cancers of the prostate and colon were slightly more common in the ATBC cohort than in the total Finnish male population (SIR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.18 and SIR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00–1.30, respectively). In conclusion, the risk of many cancers was significantly higher in the ATBC Study cohort compared with the total Finnish male population of same age. In addition to the well known smoking-related cancers, cigarette smoking may increase slightly the risk of colon and prostate cancer, too.
Current Status of Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction in Patients Receiving Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy

Background: Increasing numbers of patients with breast cancer are being treated with postmastectomy radiation therapy. The author reviewed the literature to determine the clinical impact of this increasing use of postmastectomy radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer who desire implant-based breast reconstruction. Methods: The author searched the MEDLINE database for articles on breast reconstruction and radiation therapy published between January of 2008 and June of 2011 and reviewed the abstracts of those articles to identify articles with information about the impact of irradiation on implant-based breast reconstruction. This subgroup of articles was reviewed in detail. Results: Two hundred eighty-five articles were identified. Nineteen articles were reviewed in detail. Eight articles provided level III evidence; one provided level I or II evidence from high-quality multicenter or single-center randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies. Two articles provided level IV evidence from case series and were included in the review because they offered a novel approach or perspective. The most recent studies find a significant need for unplanned or major corrective surgery in irradiated breasts reconstructed with implants. Although breast implant reconstruction in irradiated breasts is associated with high rates of complications, only a minority of patients require conversion to an autologous tissue flap. Conclusion: Although the majority of patients who undergo implant-based reconstruction and irradiation ultimately keep the implant reconstruction, patient surveys show that irradiation has a significantly negative effect on patient satisfaction.
Satisfying Disclosure Restrictions With Synthetic Data Sets

To avoid disclosures, Rubin proposed creating multiple, synthetic data sets for public release so that (i) no unit in the released data has sensitive data from an actual unit in the population, and (ii) statistical procedures that are valid for the original data are valid for the released data. In this article, I show through simulation studies that valid inferences can be obtained from synthetic data in a variety of settings, including simple random sampling, probability proportional to size sampling, two-stage cluster sampling, and stratified sampling. I also provide guidance on specifying the number and size of synthetic data sets and demonstrate the benefit of including design variables in the released data sets.
Comparison of efficacy of oral drotaverine plus mefenamic acid with paracervical block and with intravenous sedation for pain relief during hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy.

BACKGROUND Office hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy is usually the first investigation for abnormal uterine bleeding and other uterine diseases. AIMS To evaluate the effect of oral drotaverine with mefenamic acid on pain perception during hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy and to compare it with that of paracervical block using 1% lignocaine and with that of intravenous sedation using diazepam with pentazocine. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Outpatient gynecological department and open randomized trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty women undergoing hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were randomized into 3 groups. Group I received tablet containing drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg)+mefenamic acid (250 mg), group II received lignocaine paracervically and group III received intravenous diazepam. The intensity of pain during the procedure, 30 and 60 minutes later on visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test, with the Bonferroni correction, the t test, and the chi2 test. RESULTS Groups were similar in age, parity, vaginal birth or relevant medical history. A statistically significant difference in pain scores was noted among the 3 groups during the procedure (group I, 4.13+/-1.28; group II, 5.93+/-1.26; group III, 5.58+/-1.51), (P<0.001); as well as 30 minutes later (group I, 1.78+/-0.89; group II, 2.53+/-0.81; group III, 2.23+/-0.94), (P<0.001) and 60 minutes later (group I, 1.2+/-0.46; group II, 1.98+/-0.83; group III, 1.68+/-0.75), (P<0.001). VAS at different time intervals among the groups was also statistically significant. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Oral drotaverine with mefenamic acid is effective in women undergoing hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy.
Retinol to Retinol-Binding Protein (RBP) Is Low in Obese Adults due to Elevated apo-RBP

Elevated serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance, but accompanying retinol values have not been reported. Assessment of retinol is required to discriminate between apo-RBP, which may act as an adipokine, and holo-RBP, which transports vitamin A. The relations between serum RBP, retinol, retinyl esters, BMI, and measures of insulin resistance were determined in obese adults. Fasting blood (≥8 h) was collected from obese men and women (n = 76) and blood chemistries were obtained. Retinol and retinyl esters were quantified by HPLC and RBP by ELISA. RBP and retinol were determined in age and sex-matched, nonobese individuals (n = 41) for comparison. Serum apo-RBP was two-fold higher in obese (0.90 ± 0.62 μM) than nonobese subjects (0.44 ± 0.56 μM) (P < 0.001). The retinol to RBP ratio (retinol:RBP) was significantly lower in obese (0.73 ± 0.13) than nonobese subjects (0.90 ± 0.22) (P < 0.001) and RBP was strongly associated with retinol in both groups (r = 0.71 and 0.90, respectively, P < 0.0001). In obese subjects, RBP was associated with insulin (r = 0.26, P < 0.05), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.29, P < 0.05), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (r = −0.27, P < 0.05). RBP was associated with BMI only when obese and nonobese subjects were combined (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). Elevated serum RBP, derived in part from apo-RBP, was more strongly associated with retinol than with BMI or measures of insulin resistance in obese adults. Investigations into the role of RBP in obesity and insulin resistance should include retinol to facilitate the measurement of apo-RBP and retinol:RBP. When evaluating the therapeutic potential of lowering serum RBP, consideration
Pulmonary embolism: confirmation with venous duplex US as adjunct to lung scanning.

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of deep venous thrombosis with venous duplex ultrasonography (US) in patients who underwent radionuclide lung scanning for evaluation of clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and to assess the clinical usefulness of this type of US in the selection of patients for anticoagulant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred eighty-five lung scan and duplex US examinations in 267 consecutive patients seen between January 1987 and June 1990 with clinical evidence of PE (151 men and 134 women, aged 17-98 years [mean, 57 years]) were retrospectively reviewed. Lung scans were divided into four groups: normal, depicting up to 30% probability of PE, indeterminate or intermediate probability of PE, and greater than 90% probability of PE. RESULTS Thrombotic disease was confirmed with US in seven (21%) of 33 patients with normal lung scans and in 64 (25%) of 252 patients with abnormal lung scans. CONCLUSION Venous duplex Doppler US is a useful adjunct to lung scanning in patients with signs and/or symptoms of PE.
The importance of Organizational Commitment to Knowledge Management

In recent years, Knowledge Management (KM) has assumed great importance in the lite- rature on business and management. However, we still have so little understanding of the human issues in KM processes. Thus, this research aims to contribute to analysing the importance of Organizational Commitment (OC) to KM. First, we used the Cardoso (2003) Knowledge Management Questionnaire (QGC) that embraces all organizational activities around knowledge processes and distinguishes four dimensions of KM. Secondly we applied the Quijano, Masip, Navarro and Aubert (1997) questionnaire (ASH-ICI) that distinguishes two types of commitment (personal and instrumental) into four dimensions. These two questionnaires were applied with 300 employees in the Portuguese industrial ceramics sector. Through multiple regression analysis we found that levels of organizational commitment are statis- tically important to KM dimensions. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that personal commitment is more important than need commitment. These results are discussed and Organizational Behaviour specialists and Work and Organizational psychologists are challenged to assume more responsibility and an active role in KM studies and practices and to explore human issues in this field.
Orexigenic neuropeptide 26RFa: new evidence for an adaptive profile of appetite regulation in anorexia nervosa.

CONTEXT Restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) presents an adaptive appetite regulating profile including mainly high levels of ghrelin. Because this adaptive mechanism is not effective on food intake, other appetite-regulating peptides need to be explored. 26RFa is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that stimulates appetite, gonadotropin release, and bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the circadian levels of 26RFa in AN patients compared with healthy subjects, other eating disorders, and constitutional thinness (CT). DESIGN AND SETTINGS This was a cross-sectional study performed in an endocrine unit and an academic laboratory. INVESTIGATED SUBJECTS Five groups of age-matched young women were included in the study: 19 restrictive AN, 10 AN with bingeing/purging episodes, 14 with CT, 10 bulimic, and 10 normal-weight controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Twelve-point circadian profiles of plasma 26RFa levels were measured in each subject. RESULTS Significant circadian variations of 26 RFA were noticed in controls with higher values in the morning and abrupt decrease at noon. Twenty-four-hour mean 26RFa levels were significantly increased in restrictive AN and AN with bingeing/purging episodes (P < 0.001), predominantly in the afternoon and evening when compared with controls. Preprandial rises of 26 RFA were noticed in AN patients. Mean 26RFa levels trend to be higher in CT than in controls (P = 0.06) and significantly lower than in AN. The bulimic patients presented a circadian profile of 26RFa similar to that of controls. CONCLUSION High levels of circulating 26RFa observed in AN patients might reflect an adaptive mechanism of the organism to promote energy intake and to increase fat stores in response to undernutrition.