Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FIXED-SMOOTHING ASYMPTOTICS FOR TIME SERIES 1

In this paper, we derive higher order Edgeworth expansions for the finite sample distributions of the subsampling-based t-statistic and the Wald statistic in the Gaussian location model under the so-called fixed-smoothing paradigm. In particular, we show that the error of asymptotic approximation is at the order of the reciprocal of the sample size and obtain explicit forms for the leading error terms in the expansions. The results are used to justify the second-order correctness of a new bootstrap method, the Gaussian dependent bootstrap, in the context of Gaussian location model. 1. Introduction. Many economic and financial applications involve time series data with autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity properties. Often the unknown dependence structure is not the chief object of interest but the inference on the parameter of interest involves the estimation of unknown dependence. In stationary time series models estimated by generalized method of moments (GMM), robust inference is typically accomplished by consistently estimating the asymptotic covariance matrix, which is proportional to the long run variance (LRV) matrix of the estimating equations or moment conditions defining the estimator, using a kernel smoothing method. In the econometrics and statistics literature, the bandwidth parameter/truncation lag involved in the kernel smoothing method is assumed to grow slowly with sample size in order to achieve consistency. The inference is conducted by plugging in a covariance matrix estimator that is consistent under heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. This approach dates back to Newey and West [25] and Andrews [1]. Recently, Kiefer and Vogelsang [13 ]( KV, hereafter) developed an alternative first-order asymptotic theory for the HAC (heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent) based robust inference, where the proportion of the bandwidth involved in the HAC estimator to the sample size T , denoted as b, is held fixed in the asymptotics. Under the fixed-b asymptotics, the HAC estimator converges to a nondegenerate yet nonstandard limiting distribution. The tests based on the fi xed-b asymptotic approximation were shown to enjoy better finite sample properties than the tests based on the small-b asymptotic theory
A Dwarf Phenotype Identified in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Plants Growing on Marang (A. odoratissimus) Rootstocks

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a tropical fruit tree primarily grown as a staple crop for food security in Oceania. Significant wind damage has driven an interest in developing its dwarf phenotype. The presence of any dwarf breadfruit variety remains unknown. Little is known regarding the growth of the species on rootstocks. Here, we examined the phenotype of breadfruit plants growing on marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) rootstocks within 18 months after grafting; we identified a rootstock-induced dwarf trait in the species. This dwarf phenotype was characterized by shorter stems, reduced stem thickness and fewer branches, with 73% shorter internode length, 51% fewer and 40% smaller leaves compared to standard size breadfruit plants. The height of breadfruit plants on marang rootstocks was reduced by 49% in 9 months, and 59% in 18 months after grafting. The results suggest marang rootstocks can be applied to breadfruit breeding program for tree vigor control. Further biochemical characterization showed plants on marang rootstocks displayed leaves without change of total chlorophyll content, but with lower total soluble sugars, and stems with reduced activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, a well-known primary proton pump essential for nutrient transport. The significance of the two parameters in rootstock dwarfing is discussed.
Insulinoma presenting as complex partial seizures

Abstract We describe a 42-year-old male patient who presented with recurrent left focal seizures with altered sensorium refractory to polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs and recurrent hypoglycemic episodes. Whipple's triad was documented. Insulin, C-peptide levels were elevated, and insulin-glucose ratio was more than 0.3 confirming the endogenous hyperinsulinism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen revealed mass in the tail and distal body of the pancreas. Interictal electroencephalography showed generalized slow wave activity in delta range. MRI brain was normal. Excision of tumor was done. Histopathology confirmed the insulinoma. The patient had no recurrence of seizures during follow-up.
Pola Tidur yang Buruk Meningkatkan Risiko Hipertensi

Pola tidur yang buruk yaitu gangguan tidur, kualitas tidur yang buruk, dan durasi tidur yang pendek dapat meningkatkan risiko hipertensi. Hipertensi sendiri kini menjadi penyakit yang menduduki posisi tinggi yang sering dialami oleh masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku tidur yang buruk dapat meningkatkan risiko kejadian hipertensi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang bersifat analitik dengan desain case control. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 76 orang yang terdiri dari penderita hipertensi dan bukan penderita hipertensi pada Poli Umum Puskesmas Tanah Kalikedinding Surabaya. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji statistik regresi logistik menunjukkan (p=0,000; OR=9,022) artinya pola tidur memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap kejadian hipertensi dibandingkan dengan umur dan jenis kelamin. Kekuatan pengaruh pola tidur responden menunjukkan bahwa responden yang memiliki pola tidur yang buruk memiliki risiko 9,022 kali lebih besar terserang hipertensi dibandingkan dengan yang memiliki pola tidur baik. Pola tidur buruk antara lain gangguan tidur, kualitas tidur yang buruk, dan durasi tidur yang pendek. Rekomendasi yang diberikan kepada responden yang memiliki pola tidur buruk harus memperbaiki pola tidur dengan gaya hidup yang sehat yaitu tidur sesuai kebutuhan dan menjaga pikiran supaya tidak mengalami tekanan karena stres yang berlebih.
Climate change likely to reshape vegetation in North America's largest protected areas

Climate change poses a serious threat to biodiversity and unprecedented challenges to the preservation and protection of natural landscapes. We evaluated how climate change might affect vegetation in 22 of the largest and most iconic protected area (PA) complexes across North America. We use a climate analog model to estimate how dominant vegetation types might shift under mid‐ (2041–2070) and late‐century (2071–2100) climate according to the RCP 8.5 scenario. Maps depicting vegetation for each PA and time period are provided. Our analysis suggests that half (11 of 22) of the PAs may have substantially different vegetation by late‐21st century compared with reference period conditions. The overall trend is toward vegetation associated with warmer or drier climates (or both), with near complete losses of alpine communities at the highest elevations and high latitudes. At low elevation and latitudes, vegetation communities associated with novel climate conditions may assemble in PAs. These potential shifts, contractions, and expansions in vegetation portray the possible trends across landscapes that are of great concern for conservation, as such changes imply cascading ecological responses for associated flora and fauna. Overall, our findings highlight the challenges managers may face to maintain and preserve biodiversity in key PAs across North America.
EVALUATION OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF THE LOW QUALITY ROUGHAGES IN RUMINANTS

Direct-fed microbials (DFM) feed additives have been shown to improve average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency in ruminant animals in many studies. So, this study aimed to evaluate effect of using fungal and bacterial DFM and their mixture on productive performance of growing lambs. Thirty-two Barkey lambs (3 months old, 22.31± 1.57 kg) were randomly assigned into four groups, 8 lambs of each according to live body weight. The first group (control) was fed control rations without DFM supplementation, while treated groups (Fungal DFM, Bacterial DFM and Mixed DFM) were fed the control ration plus 2.5 g fungal, bacterial or mixed (1:1) DFM; respectively. Results showed that groups fed ration supplemented with DFM (fungal, bacterial and mixed) recorded higher DM, TDN and digestible CP intake. Supplementation of lambs ration with DFM (fungal, bacterial and mixed) showed not significant (P>0.05) effects on rumen liquor TVFA's and ammonia concentration at 0, 3 and 6 hrs post feeding. While DFM supplemented rations showed significant higher rumen liquor pH at 0, 3 and 6 hrs after feeding compared to the control group. Numerically increase was recorded in cellulose activity as unit per ml rumen liquor for groups fed ration supplemented with bacterial and mixed DFM. Direct fed microbial supplementation significantly (P 0.05) in plasma total protein concentration compared to lambs fed ration not supplemented. While albumin, globulin, urea, triglycerides, creatinine ALT and AST, alkaline phosphates activity were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by DFM supplementation. Total gain and ADG were significantly increased (P≤0.05) for groups received rations supplemented with DFM compared to control group. Also DFM supplementation significantly (P≤0.05) improved feed conversion as DM, TDN, CP and DCP compared to the control group. It could be concluded that supplementing lambs ration with fungal, bacterial or mixed DFM improved feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain and feed conversion without any adverse effects on animal health and performance.
Urban Expansion and Drying Climate in an Urban Agglomeration of East China

Urban land expansion is one of the most conspicuous aspects of urbanization and has profound impacts on regional climate change. Most studies, however, focus on its impacts on surface temperature, and possible effects on atmospheric humidity are less known. By examining the humidity changes in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China during 1961–2014, we find a prominent urban dry island (UDI) effect in this urban agglomeration, as characterized by reduced humidity and increased vapor pressure deficit in the urban core area. In the past decades, the UDI effect has been significantly intensified by rapid urban land expansion. Urban expansion contributes to around half of the decrease in atmospheric humidity and the increase in vapor pressure deficit in urban areas. These effects are particularly stronger in wet hot summer and relatively weaker in cold dry winter. We suggest that the UDI effect should be considered in future urban planning, landscape design, and climate change assessment and mitigation.
Harvest selection on multiple traits in the wild revealed by aquatic animal telemetry

Abstract Harvesting can have profound impacts on the ecology and evolution of marine populations. However, little is known about the strength and direction of fisheries‐induced selection acting on multiple traits in the wild. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to directly monitor individual behavior and fate in an intensively harvested species, the European lobster (Homarus gammarus, n = 100), in southern Norway. Overall, 24% of the tracked lobsters survived the two‐month harvest season within the study area. Our results indicated that local survival was not random with respect to phenotype. We found no clear support for fisheries‐induced selection acting directly on body size. However, lobsters with large crusher claws relative to their body size, typical of socially dominant individuals, appeared at higher risk of being captured in the conventional trap fishery. We also detected a fine‐scale spatial gradient in survival. After accounting for this gradient, individuals displaying larger home ranges were more likely to survive the harvest season. Finally, we found significant repeatabilities for lobster behavior on a monthly timescale, indicating that individual behavioral attributes tended to persist and may reflect personality. Our study therefore provides empirical support for the need to consider an evolutionary enlightened approach to fisheries management that considers the influence of harvest on multiple traits of target species.
Founder or Joiner ? The Role of Preferences and Context in Shaping Entrepreneurial Orientations

Entrepreneurial ventures rely not only on founders, but also on “joiners” – individuals who are attracted to working in startups as employees but who do not want to be founders themselves. We examine the role of individual preferences and social-contextual influences in shaping founder and joiner orientations prior to the first career transition. In doing so, we consider the possibility that micro and macro factors exert not only independent influences, but also interrelate to shape different entrepreneurial orientations. Using a sample of 4,282 science and engineering PhD students preparing to make their initial career transition, we find that individuals with founder and joiner orientations share similar preferences for entrepreneurial job attributes, but they also differ significantly in the strength and nature of these preferences. Social-contextual influences such as entrepreneurial norms, mentors, and opportunities play different roles in shaping the two types of orientations. After accounting for individuals’ pre-existing entrepreneurial orientation, our results suggest that a founder orientation is primarily associated with strong preferences for entrepreneurial job attributes, even in the absence of contextual influences. A joiner orientation, on the other hand, appears to emerge when both preferences and contextual influences are present. Moreover, social forces encouraging entrepreneurship have little association with entrepreneurial orientations when individuals lack preferences for entrepreneurial job attributes. Our findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between founders and joiners as distinct entrepreneurial actors, and contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by exploring the role – and interplay – of micro and macro factors in shaping entrepreneurial orientations.
The Role of Tree Crops On Nutrient Availability, And production of Coffee Agroforestry

The Agroforestry systems require special treatment, especially in crop selection. Penaung can be a competitor for major crops such as coffee. So research needs to be conducted to examine the role of shade trees on nutrient availability and coffee crop production in the agroforestry system. The research location is community plantation land that implements an agroforestry system in Enrekang Regency. The land is determined by a Land Use System (SPL) based on the type of shade, namely SPL 1 (shade of legumes), SPL 2 (shade of plantation), and SPL 3 (shade of fruit trees). Coffee plants are mature plants between the ages of 15-17 years. The research parameters are soil nutrient content, namely C, N, C/N, P2O5, and K2O, and coffee plant production. ANOVA analyzed data. The results showed that between treatments did not significantly affect all parameters. Availability of C, N, and K2O contents with various types of shade is obtained by a low content, while the C/N, and P2O5 ratios are of moderate content. The highest C, and N values in shade of fruit trees. The highest C/N ratio value in shade of Leguminosae, and fruit plants. The highest P2O5 and K2O content in plantations shade. The average production of coffee plants with an agroforestry system is relatively low due to high rainfall. The highest amount of production is obtained in the shade of Leguminosae, this indicates that there is no nutrient competition in the shade of Leguminosae.
Prevalence of Early childhood caries in children of the Kosovo Pomoravlje and possible risk factors for its occurrence

Background/Aim. Early childhood caries (ECC) is an infectious multifactorial disease, which involves the presence of caries on any deciduous teeth in children up to the age of 71 months, and begins through a complex process involving the transmission of infectious bacteria, eating habits, and oral hygiene. The purpose of this paper was to examine the prevalence and possible risk factors for the emergence of caries in early childhood. Methods. The research was carried out as an analytical crosssectional study, including 239 children aged 13-71 months, of both genders living in rural areas of the Kosovo Pomoravlje region. All selected children from the sample were examined with standard dental diagnostic tools (dental mirrors, dental probe) under artificial lighting in a dental chair. Klein-Palmer's DMFT system (d-decayed, m-missing, f-filling) was used to identify caries. Data on social status, attitudes, habits, and behavior of the parents of the examined children are recorded in questionnaires specially designed for this study. Results. Prevalence of caries in the study sample was 56.5%. The average number of diseased teeth per respondent for all children tested was 4.0. In analyzing the received data, the following seven possible ECC predictors with a significance level of p <0.05 were found to be of statistical relevance: the age of the mother (p = 0.004), visits to the dentist (p = 0.026) the reason for visiting the dentist (p = 0.038 ), use of a bottle in nursing (p = 0.001), child’s age (p <0.001), child’s birth order (p = 0.007), and the child’s teeth brushing habits (p = 0.003). Conclusion. The data obtained in the study indicated a high prevalence of deciduous teeth caries in the examined children, which indicates the need for intensive preventive efforts, both with children and the parents, as well as early diagnosis and treatment for early childhood caries.
MALDI Tissue Imaging of Drugs with the ultraflex MALDI TOF/TOF

MALDI-TOF MS has previously been used for imaging of large peptides and proteins embedded in tissue sections. This imaging technique is not limited to larger molecules, but can also be used to measure the presence of small molecules directly from tissue. However, for small molecule imaging the method of choice is a selected reaction monitoring approach in MS/MS mode.The benefits of parent ion isolation and subsequent detection of fragment ions by MALDI-TOF/TOF can alleviate matrix interference, and provide enhanced sensitivity due to the specificity of parent ion isolation. Additionally, since the smartbeamTM laser diameter is five to ten times smaller than traditional lasers (1), the ultraflex IITM MALDI-TOF/TOF provides superior high resolution images of small molecules. It should be noted that the experimental conditions described for this Olanzapine (OLZ) study may not equally apply to other drug molecules. It has Application Note # MT-87 MALDI Tissue Imaging of Drugs with the ultraflex MALDI TOF/TOF
A Game Theoretic Approach for Distributed and Coordinated Channel Access Control in Cooperative Vehicle Safety Systems

Fairness and efficiency are two key requirements that have to be guaranteed in channel resource allocation in cooperative vehicle safety systems. Existing channel access control strategies, however, rely on each individual node to adjust networking parameters independently according to its locally measured state information, thus leading to unfairness. Although some coordinated strategies have been proposed to resolve this issue, they pay little attention to the efficiency. In order to achieve the tradeoff between fairness and efficiency, in this paper, we propose a utility function in terms of inter-packet reception time required to capture the performance of consecutive successful packets’ reception under various vehicle densities. A channel access control problem among vehicles is then formulated as a non-cooperation game model. This model utilizes a punishment function to penalize a node that monopolizes the channel resources and hence can enable nodes to coordinate with each other to achieve desired fairness and efficiency. Next, a distributed decision-making scheme for channel access control is designed. It adjusts transmission rate in a coordinated manner and can guide each node to reach a Pareto-optimal Nash equilibrium point. The experimental results validate that the proposed strategy can result in fair channel resource allocation and ensure high-tracking accuracy for each vehicle under dynamic traffic conditions.
Designing, Developing and Validating a Forecasting Method for the Month Ahead Hourly Electricity Consumption in the Case of Medium Industrial Consumers

An accurate forecast of the electricity consumption is particularly important to both consumers and system operators. The purpose of this study is to develop a forecasting method that provides such an accurate forecast of the month-ahead hourly electricity consumption in the case of medium industrial consumers, therefore assuring an intelligent energy management and an efficient economic scheduling of their resources, having the possibility to negotiate in advance appropriate billing tariffs relying on accurate hourly forecasts, in the same time facilitating an optimal energy management for the dispatch operator. The forecasting method consists of developing first non-linear autoregressive, with exogenous inputs (NARX) artificial neural networks (ANNs) in order to forecast an initial daily electricity consumption, a forecast that is being further processed with custom developed long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks with exogenous variables support in order to refine the daily forecast as to achieve an accurate hourly forecasted consumed electricity for the whole month-ahead. The obtained experimental results (highlighted also through a very good value of 0.0244 for the root mean square error performance metric, obtained when forecasting the month-ahead hourly electricity consumption and comparing it with the real consumption), the validation of the developed forecasting method, the comparison of the method with other forecasting approaches from the scientific literature substantiate the fact that the proposed approach manages to fill a gap in the current body of knowledge consisting of the need of a high-accuracy forecasting method for the month-ahead hourly electricity consumption in the case of medium industrial consumers. The developed forecasting method targets medium industrial consumers, but, due to its accuracy, it can also be a useful tool for promoting innovative business models with regard to industrial consumers willing to produce a part of their own electricity using renewable energy resources, benefiting from reduced production costs and reliable electricity prices.
Current Concepts and Recent Trends in Arthroscopic Treatment of Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Review

Rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and disability in adults. Due to the various nature of progression of rotator cuff tears and the complex biomechanics of the shoulder joint, repair and treatment of large-to-massive tears are challenging for many surgeons. Despite the recent popularity of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as a treatment option for large-to-massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, biological and mechanical repair augmentation has also shown promise as a viable treatment option. The purpose of this study was to briefly summarize and review current studies on the assessment and arthroscopic treatment of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears, whether repairable or irreparable, to aid in developing a consensus on future treatment directions.