Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of head injury criteria using a finite element model validated against experiments on localized brain motion, intracerebral acceleration, and intracranial pressure

Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of different load directions and durations following impact using a finite element (FE) model of the human head. A detailed FE model of the human head was developed and validated against available cadaver experiment data for three impact directions (frontal, occipital, and lateral). Loads corresponding to the same impact power were imposed in different directions. Furthermore, the head injury criterion (HIC), the recently proposed head impact power (HIP) criterion, as well as peak angular acceleration, and change in angular and translational velocity were evaluated with respect to the strain in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue. A significant correlation was found between experiments and simulations with regard to intracranial pressure data for a short-duration impulse and intracerebral acceleration characteristics for a long-duration impulse with a high-angular component. However, a poor correlation with the simulations was found for the intracranial pressures for the long-duration impulse. This is thought to be a result of air introduced to the intracranial cavity during experimental testing. Smaller relative motion between the brain and skull results from lateral impact than from a frontal or occipital blow for both the experiments and FE simulations. It was found that the influence of impact direction had a substantial effect on the intracranial response. When evaluating the global kinematic injury measures for the rotational pulses, the change in angular velocity corresponded best with the intracranial strains found in the FE model. For the translational impulse, on the other hand, the HIC and the HIP showed the best correlation with the strain levels found in the model.
Multiculturalism, Colorblindness, and Prejudice: Examining How Diversity Ideologies Impact Intergroup Attitudes

The present research examined an underlying psychological process of the effect of diversity ideologies on prejudice among Whites. In one study, I tested whether colorblindness vs. multiculturalism affected perceptions of similarity vs. difference, outgroup perspective taking, and, in turn, prejudice. Using an experimental design, 341 total White participants from both an undergraduate (n = 151) and non-student adult sample (n = 190) were randomly assigned to a standard colorblind or multicultural condition. Participants then completed various measures of perceived similarities vs. differences (visual, interpersonal), outgroup perspective taking (egocentrism, perspective-taking scenario), and prejudice (explicit racial bias, symbolic racism). Results suggest the diversity ideology manipulation only had a significant effect on the outgroup perspective-taking scenario, but the direction of this effect was contrary to hypotheses and previous findings. Compared to colorblindness, multiculturalism significantly reduced participants’ likelihood of taking the perspective of a racial outgroup member, with additional mediation evidence suggesting this effect on reduced outgroup perspective taking, in turn, indirectly increased explicit racial bias and symbolic racism. Alternative explanations and additional research considerations are discussed.
Sentiment Analysis with Deep Neural Networks

The increasing amount of Internet users and the consequent increase of online user reviews, expressing their opinions, has resulted in large sources of information. This information can give us an important feedback about particular products or services, leading to a growing interest on several problems that deal with the analysis of this type of information. This area of research is typically called sentiment analysis or opinion mining . Considering the interest in this area, the goal of this MSc research project was to address the topic of detecting the sentiment (positive or negative) of the opinion expressed in a given textual document, by studying and comparing, in diﬀerent contexts, some of the approaches that represent the current state of art in the area, which is mainly related to the use of deep neural networks. Additionally, this work tried to improve the results of these methods, by adding some additional information about the dimensions of the diﬀerent emotions expressed in the documents. This dissertation presents a description of the considered model architectures, as well as their comparison with existing systems. Our experimental results show that adding information about the emotions, in some cases, improves the performance of diﬀerent approaches.
Analysis of barriers to entrepreneurship in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Today entrepreneurship is considered as the economic driving engine for developed and developing countries and most countries have invested considerably on entrepreneurship development. The entrepreneurship development in a community could provide sustainable employment and economic development. It should be noted that entrepreneurship development has always been encountered different challenges and barriers. The present article is aimed to detect and classify the barriers of entrepreneurship development in Iranian SMEs and determine the importance of each barrier. Analyzing 28 detected barriers in the present study show that lack of sufficient knowledge in management skills, business management, lack of adequate investment to start and retain a business, difficulty in finding information about markets, products and prices, troublesome rules obtaining bank loans, and the difficulty in recruiting good and reliable staff are the most important barriers and
Perpetual options and Canadization through fluctuation theory

In this article it is shown that one is able to evaluate the price of perpetual calls, puts, Russian and integral options directly as the Laplace transform of a stopping time of an appropriate diusion using standard uctuation theory. This approach is oered in contrast to the approach of optimal stopping through free boundary problems [see volume 39,1 of Theory of Probability and its Applications]. Following ideas in [5], we discuss the Canadization of these options as a method of approximation to their nite time counterparts. Fluctuation theory is again used in this case.
New Information on Scavenging and Selective Feeding Behaviour of Tyrannosaurids

Feeding traces for carnivorous theropod dinosaurs are typically rare but can provide important evidence of prey choice and mode of feeding. Here we report a humerus of the hadrosaurine Saurolophus which was heavily damaged from feeding attributed to the giant tyrannosaurine Tarbosaurus. The bone shows multiple bites made in three distinctive styles termed “punctures”, “drag marks” and “bite-and-drag marks”. The distribution of these bites suggest that the animal was actively selecting which biting style to use based on which part of the bone was being engaged. The lack of damage to the rest of the otherwise complete and articulated hadrosaur strongly implies that this was a scavenging event, the first reported for a tyrannosaurid, and not feeding at a kill site.
Yield, Labor, and Fruit and Juice Quality Characteristics of Machine and Hand-harvested ‘Brown Snout’ Specialty Cider Apple

In this 2-year study of ‘Brown Snout’ specialty cider apple (Malus ·domestica) grafted onto Malling 27 (M.27) and East Malling/Long Ashton 9, we compared weight of total harvested fruit, labor hours for harvest, tree and fruit damage, and fruit and juice quality characteristics for machine and hand harvest. Machine harvest was with an over-the-row small fruit harvester. There were no significant differences due to rootstock; however, there were differences between years for most measurements. Weight of harvested fruit did not differ because of harvest method; however, harvest efficiency was 68% to 72% for machine pick and 85% to 89% for machine pick D clean-up weight (fruit left on trees and fruit knocked to the ground during harvest) as compared with hand harvest. On average for the 2 years, hand harvest required 23 labor-hours per acre at a total cost of $417, while machine harvest required 5 labor-hours per acre at a cost of $93. There were no differences due to harvest method on damage to spurs (four to eight spurs damaged per tree) or limbs (0.5–0.8 limbs damaged per tree). Although there were also no differences due to harvest method on fruit bruising (100% for both harvest methods in this study), 10% of fruit were sliced and 4% of fruit were cut in half inadvertently with machine harvest, and none were sliced or cut with hand harvest. Harvest method had no effect on fruit quality characteristics, specifically, soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, specific gravity, titratable acidity (malic acid equivalents), or percent total tannin, when fruit was pressed immediately after harvest or stored for 2, 3, or 4 weeks before pressing. Juice quality characteristics were affected by storage, and SSC increased 11% in 2011 (3 weeks storage), and 12% and 18% in 2012 (2 and 4 weeks storage, respectively). Similarly, specific gravity increased both years after storage, 1% in 2011, and 1% and 2% in 2012 (a 1% increase in juice specific gravity corresponds to a potential 1.3% increase in alcohol by volume after fermentation for cider). Both years, juice pH tended to decline when fruit was stored (0.01 pH units in 2011, 0.06–0.12 pH units in 2012). Overall, cider apple harvest with an over-the-row small fruit machine harvester used four times less labor than hand harvest, yield reached 87% that of hand harvest (when clean-up yield was included), and juice quality characteristics were not negatively affected. These results suggest that machine harvest may be suitable for cider apples if equipment is available and affordable.
Rare-earth elements in synthetic zircon: Part 2. A single-crystal X-ray study of xenotime substitution

Abstract Zircon crystals synthesized in a Li-Mo oxide melt and doped with trivalent lanthanides and Y (REE), both with and without P, were examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). REE are incorporated into the Zr site in the zircon structure, and some Zr appears to be displaced to the Si site. Crystals doped with middle REE (MREE, Sm to Dy) and Y, plus P follow the xenotime substitution (REE3+ + P5+ = Zr4+ + Si4+) rather closely, whereas crystals doped with heavy REE (HREE, Er to Lu) deviate from the xenotime substitution, having REE:P atomic ratios significantly greater than one. Xenotime substitution requires that P5+ replace Si4+, but this substitution becomes limited by strain at the Si site in HREE-doped crystals. As Si sites become saturated with P5+, additional charge balance in synthetic zircon crystals may be provided by Mo6+ and Li+ from the flux entering interstitial sites, accounting for an additional 0.3 to 0.6 at% HREE beyond that balanced by P5+ ions. Heavy REE are more compatible in the zircon structure than are LREE and MREE, and HREE substitution is ultimately limited by the inability of the zircon structure to further accommodate charge-compensating elements. Thus the limit on REE concentrations in zircon is not a simple function of REE3+ ionic radii but depends in a complex way on structural strain at Zr and Si sites, which act together to limit REE and P incorporation. The mechanisms that limit the coupled xenotime substitution change from LREE to HREE. This change means that REE fractionation in zircon may vary according to the availability of charge-compensating elements. REE partition coefficients between zircon and melt must also depend in part on the availability of charge-compensating elements and their compatibility in the zircon structure.
Morphometric characters and length-weight relationship of Bele, (Glossogobius giuris) from Mithamoin haor, Kissorgonj, Bangladesh

Different morphometric characters such as total length (TL), standard length (SL), head length (HL), eye diameter (ED), body depth (BD), pre-orbital length (POL) were measured on Glossogobius giuris collected from Mithamoin haor showed that percentage growth value of SL, BD, HL, ED and POL were higher in female. A linear relationship was found between total length and morphometric characters and these also showed significant positive correlation (p 0.05) while b value significantly deviated from the expected cube value of 3 in case of male only thus indicating negative allometry. However, relative condition factor (Kn) of G. giuris computed for female was 1.009 ± 0.124 and for male was 1.016 ± 0.199, which suggest the specimen were healthy and in good condition. All this variation between male and female may be due to spawning cycle or other physiological activities or environmental factors.
Commuting Families in Hecke and Temperley-Lieb Algebras

Abstract We define analogs of the Jucys-Murphy elements for the affine Temperley-Lieb algebra and give their explicit expansion in terms of the basis of planar Brauer diagrams. These Jucys-Murphy elements are a family of commuting elements in the affine Temperley-Lieb algebra, and we compute their eigenvalues on the generic irreducible representations. We show that they come from Jucys-Murphy elements in the affine Hecke algebra of type A, which in turn come from the Casimir element of the quantum group . We also give the explicit specializations of these results to the finite Temperley-Lieb algebra.
An extended lifetime measure for telecommunications networks: improvements and implementations

Predicting the lifetime of a network is a stochastic and very hard task. Sensitivity analysis of a network in order to identify the weakest points in the network, provides valuable knowledge to draw an optimum investment strategy for the expansion of the networks for the network carriers. To achieve this goal, a new measure, called topology lifetime, was recently proposed for measuring the performance of a telecommunication network. This measure not only allows to perform a sensitivity analysis of the networks, but also it provides the means to compare the different topologies with respect to the ability of the network in supporting growth in network traffic before new capacity/facility is installed. This paper addresses some improvements upon the previously defined measures and presents the implementation results of the various lifetime measure methodologies. Computational analysis on some commonly used topologies show how the new measure can be utilized in assessing network performance.
Inhibiting Platelet Derived Growth Factor: The Next Step in the Treatment of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

®® ® , Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, USA) into eyes with subfoveal or juxtafoveal Choroidal Neovascular Membranes (CNVM) result in visual improvements which average +6.9 letters to +11.3 letters [1-4]. Furthermore, vision is stabilized in most eyes, with severe loss of vision (>15 letters) occurring in only 5% of patients. Since physicians around the world rapidly adopted this therapeutic strategy, rates of blindness in industrialized nations have already fallen significantly [5]. The unqualified success of anti-VEGF therapy juxtaposes sharply with the deficiencies associated with previously available treatments (thermal laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, and macular translocation surgery) [6-9]. These therapies were indicated for only a small percentage of affected patients, were followed by frequent neovascular recurrences, were plagued by unacceptable complication rates, and rarely improved the visual acuity. Much of what we know about both the benefits and limitations of anti-VEGF therapy is derived from pre-clinical studies with bevacizumab and aflibercept. These drugs impressively suppress the growth of orthotopic tumors in various animal models, and phase 1 and 2 trials in humans with advanced solid tumors demonstrated that the drugs were reasonably well tolerated. Unfortunately, monotherapy produced limited improvements in progression-free and overall survival for most patients [10]. The only human tumor currently treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy is glioblastoma, whereas for all other tumors, anti-VEGF agents are combined with multi-drug chemotherapeutic regimens. Though newly developed anti-VEGF drugs possess stronger VEGF binding affinities than their predecessors (bevacizumab < ranibizumab < aflibercept) [11], they have not resulted in greater visual improvements for patients with exudative AMD. Thus it appears that anti-VEGF monotherapy for AMD may have hit a therapeutic “ceiling”. Based on these observations, some investigators have suggested that further improvements in the treatment of AMD will require combination therapy (similar to the experience with tumors). Different treatment modalities (photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy) have already been combined with anti-VEGF pharmacotherapy, but these offer no additional advantage in efficacy (maximum number of letters gained) and little advantage in durability (duration of treatment effect) [12-14]. Intravitreal corticosteroids decrease VEGF synthesis, and stabilize cell membranes and tight junctions, but provide little additional benefit when used with anti-VEGF drugs, or used as triple therapy (combined with both anti-VEGF drugs and photodynamic therapy).
The Impact of Demographic Factors on Accessing Finance in Libya's SMEs

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the demographic factors on accessing finance of Libya's SMEs. The results reported here are based on 557 survey questionnaires about the SMEs in different sectors in Libya. Our results confirm that demographic factors consisted of age, size, and sector have positive and significant impact on the accessing finance of Libya's SMEs. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are considered the actual growth engine in the economy of many countries. SMEs play a significant role in driving up the key macroeconomic indicators. The definition of SMEs varies in different countries, and even in various institutions within the same state. They can be categorized according to a number of different criteria: for instance, number of employees, the invested capital, and volume of sales. In the Libyan context, the SMEs are about 46% of the overall number in the North Western of Libya, and about 36% in the North Eastern of the country. The private sector owns approximately 80% of SMEs, while a small corporate owns only 16% and 3% of SMEs are owned by families (Schiffer et al. 2001). A retail restaurant that comprises of Food and Beverages sector is ranked the first in the number of employees and firms, while metals and heavy metals segment is the second. Others include textiles and clothing, wood and paper, furniture, and ceramics and bricks. It is also evident that some industries have higher expansion opportunities than others. This is because of their link with bigger industries. Libya's SMEs in general suffer from some problems which hinder this sector to flourish. Among these problems, easy access to finance is the main one. There are many factors such as social, economic, demographic and political-for the low access to finance . This study will examine the effect of demographic factors on accessing to finance in Libya's SMEs.
An Analysis of Metacognition and Mathematical Self-Efficacy Toward Mathematical Problem Solving Ability

Mathematical problem solving ability was required in NCTM in addition to the ability of connection, communication, and mathematical representation. In other side, metacognition plays a important role in the process of solving problems in mathematics. Another factor predicted having important role in setting the cognitive processes of students in problem solving is self-efficacy. The main purpose of this study was to measure the relationship about metacognition and mathematical self-efficacy towards mathematical problem solving ability. The samples of this study are 345 students grade X of Senior High School in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The result of this study indicated significant relationship between metacognition and mathematical self-efficacy toward mathematical problem solving ability. It was concluded that metacognition and mathematical self-efficacy influence the mathematical problem solving ability.
Expression of C aspase-3 and cm yc in N on-Sm all C ell Lung C ancer

Jin young Yoo, M.D., Chi Hong Kim, M.D., So Hyang Song, M.D., Byoung Yong Shim, M.D., Youn Ju Jeong, M.D., Meyung Im Ahn, M.D., Suji Kim, M.D., Deog Gon Cho, M.D., Min Seop Jo, M.D., Kyu Do Cho, M.D., Hong Joo Cho, R.N. , Seok Jin Kang, M.D. and Hoon Kyo Kim, M.D. Departments of Pathology, Internal Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
Attitudes Towards an Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool to Reduce Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Patients who suffer minor brain injuries experience unnecessary ionizing radiation in the form of a non-contrast head CT scan despite the dearth of evidence supporting standard CT scans for all brain injuries. Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the incidence of certain types of cancer. This evidence-based practice change project assesses the attitude of clinicians towards evidencebased clinical decision support tools, specifically the Canadian CT head rule. The use of highly sensitive clinical decision support tools is supported in the literature to help healthcare providers mitigate the risk associated with unnecessary use of CT scan imaging studies. The project was conducted in an academic medical center in the Northeast, utilizing healthcare providers caring for adult patients admitted to the hospital who sustained a minor brain injury due to a fall during their inpatient stay. The standard practice at this institution was to evaluate patients with minor brain injuries with non-contrast head CT scan. The Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale was utilized in conjunction with one-on-one instruction regarding the Canadian CT Head Rule. Participants were asked to complete a pre-test comprised of four clinical scenarios regarding patients with minor brain injuries according to what they believed to be standard practice. Subsequently, they were asked to complete the same clinical scenario questions by applying the clinical decision tool. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, correlations of attitude domains, and knowledge increase. The healthcare provider’s attitude towards innovation is an antecedent toward the likelihood of adopting evidence-based practices guidelines into clinical practice, and there was an increase in knowledge regarding the use of clinical decision support tools.