Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental Disease in Psychiatric Patients

A LTHOUGH much has been written on the psychosomatic aspects of dental treatment, very little attention has been paid to the influence of psychic disturbance upon the production of dental disease. Such material as is available deals chiefly with soft tissue disturbances. ' Dental caries has not been studied in any systematic fashion, although alterations in physiology have been noted in certain types of mental disease of a nature to suggest changes in caries incidence. For example, schizophrenics have been observed to show an increased rate of salivation2 and salivary pH has been seen to rise under temporary emotional stress.3 In an effort to study dental caries experience among psychiatric patients, dental examinations in terms of DMF teeth (decayed, missing and filled) were recorded over a period of almost three years on as many patients as possible admitted to the Boston Psychopathic Hospital. Approximately 95 per cent of all patients admitted received these examinations in the office of the staff dentist (P.J.D.) and the only patients omitted were those who were too disturbed during their entire stay in the hospital. Those patients who were at first too disturbed to report to the dentist's office but who later improved, received dental examination as soon as improvement took place. The average length of stay in the Boston Psychopathic Hospital is nine weeks. The hospital is a diagnostic, intensive treatment, research and training center so that it has a high proportion of patients who have had a short duration of mental illness. For this reason our data are not necessarily comparable to what might be found in hospitals largely caring for chronic or long-term mental diseases. However, there are many "repeaters" who have had recurrent attacks, several transfers from state hospitals for special treatment, and some patients who have been mentally ill for a considerable time but hospitalization had been delayed. Further study upon chronic mental patients is indicated. The usual dental examination at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital is performed in a dental chair with adequate light, mirror, and explorer. The whole mouth is examined and a record made of all various, missing, and filled teeth. Bridges and artifical dentures are examined and records made of them. Note is also made of extensive caries and teeth too broken down for filling. Third molar conditions are recorded, but have been omitted from the analyses which follow because of lack of x-ray evidence which would permit differentiation between extracted and unerupted or impacted teeth. The average examination takes about five minutes. One dentist has performed the entire series. The
Effectiveness of an Integrated Ward-based Program in Preparing Medical Students to Care for Patients at the End of Life

Integrating end-of-life care training into the clinical years of medical school has been promoted to enhance education in this area. To assess the effectiveness of an end-of-life care exercise integrated into clinical clerkships, we compared the level of preparedness in end-of-life care reported by students who did or did not complete the exercise. A greater proportion of students who completed the exercise compared with those who did not felt prepared in end-of-life care [50.7% (39/77) vs 35.6% (64/180); P = . 02]. Among 5 domains of skills examined, significant differences were seen in interviewing/communicating (3.7 vs 3.5; P = .05) and management of common symptoms (3.3 vs 3.0; P < .01). We conclude that a ward-based integrated end-of-life care exercise may improve graduating students' self-reported preparedness to care for patients at the end of life.
Therapeutic Dilemmas in the Management of Peritonitis

Not all about the management of peritonitis is as clear as it may first seem. Increasing use of automated systems, which provide greater dialysate volumes and flows and increased solute clearances, the changing spectra of causative organisms, and the continuing debate and confusion about appropriate choice of antibiotics, dosing regimens, toxicity, and resistance patterns, continue to raise questions about what constitutes the optimal therapy for peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. Patient immune status and perhaps other factors, such as socioeconomic background and educational and motivational levels, may also factor into individual patient responses to treatment. The purpose of this brief review is to examine some of the therapeuticsrelated issues that may influence treatment outcomes.
The price effects of cross‐market mergers: theory and evidence from the hospital industry

We consider the effect of mergers between firms whose products are not viewed as direct substitutes for the same good or service, but are bundled by a common intermediary. Focusing on hospital mergers across distinct geographic markets, we show that such combinations can reduce competition among merging hospitals for inclusion in insurers' networks, leading to higher prices (or lower‐quality care). Using data on hospital mergers from 1996–2012, we find support that this mechanism operates within state boundaries: cross‐market, within‐state hospital mergers yield price increases of 7%–9 % for acquiring hospitals, whereas out‐of‐state acquisitions do not yield significant increases.
Growth and Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Very Low Birthweight Infants Fed Either Human Milk Protein Fortified Human Milk or a Whey‐Predominant Formula

ABSTRACT. In a prospective, study involving 20 VLBW‐infants (AGA), divided into two study groups of 10 infants, we have evaluated the effects on growth and metabolism of human milk fortified with ultrafiltrated human milk protein and a whey‐predominant (whey/ casein = 60/40) formula containing 2 g/dl of protein. The study was initiated at a mean age of 30 days when an oral intake of 180 ml/kg/d was tolerated and continued until a weight of 2 kg was reached. The protein intake in both groups was about 3.7 g/kg/d. All infants in both groups reached intrauterine rates of growth for the age, weight gain 18.0 g/kg/d, and length 1.2 cm/week. BUN, acid‐base status, total protein and albumin were normal and similar in the two groups. Plasma levels of threonine, glycine, citrulline and methionine were significantly greater in the formula‐fed infants. Taurine and proline had higher concentrations in the protein fortified human milk group. There was good tolerance of protein from both sources but the differences in plasma amino acid profiles suggest that the dietary protein quality in formulas for preterm infants must be further modified, if the goal of formula feeding is to achieve metabolic indices of protein metabolism similar to those found when human milk protein is used.
Biochemical Characterization of Interactions between DNA Polymerase and Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein in Bacteriophage RB69*

The organization and proper assembly of proteins to the primer-template junction during DNA replication is essential for accurate and processive DNA synthesis. DNA replication in RB69 (a T4-like bacteriophage) is similar to those of eukaryotes and archaea and has been a prototype for studies on DNA replication and assembly of the functional replisome. To examine protein-protein interactions at the DNA replication fork, we have established solution conditions for the formation of a discrete and homogeneous complex of RB69 DNA polymerase (gp43), primer-template DNA, and RB69 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (gp32) using equilibrium fluorescence and light scattering. We have characterized the interaction between DNA polymerase and single-stranded DNA-binding protein and measured a 60-fold increase in the overall affinity of RB69 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) for template strand DNA in the presence of DNA polymerase that is the result of specific protein-protein interactions. Our data further suggest that the cooperative binding of the RB69 DNA polymerase and SSB to the primer-template junction is a simple but functionally important means of regulatory assembly of replication proteins at the site of action. We have also shown that a functional domain of RB69 single-stranded DNA-binding protein suggested previously to be the site of RB69 DNA polymerase-SSB interactions is dispensable. The data from these studies have been used to model the RB69 DNA polymerase-SSB interaction at the primer-template junction.
The identification of three biologically relevant globotriaosyl ceramide receptor binding sites on the Verotoxin 1 B subunit

The Verotoxin 1 (VT1) B subunit binds to the glycosphingolipid receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Receptor‐binding specificity is associated with the terminally linked Galα(1–4) Galβ disaccharide sequence of the receptor. Recently, three globotriose (Galα[1–4] Galβ [1–4] Glcβ) binding sites per B‐subunit monomer were identified by crystallography. Two of these sites (sites I and II) are located adjacent to phenylalanine‐30. Site I was originally predicted as a potential Gb3 binding site on the basis of sequence conservation, and site II was additionally predicted based on computer modelling and receptor docking. The third (site III) was also identified by crystallography and is located at the N‐terminal end of the α‐helix. To determine the biological significance of sites II and III, and to support our previous findings of the significance of site I, we examined the binding properties and cytotoxicity of VT1 mutants designed to block Gb3 binding at each site selectively. The Scatchard analysis of saturation‐binding data for each mutant revealed that only the amino acid substitutions predicted to affect site I (D‐17E) or site II (G‐62T) caused reductions in the binding affinity and capacity of VT1 for Gb3. Similarly, those mutations at sites I and II also caused significant reductions in both Vero and MRC‐5 cell cytotoxicity (by seven and five logs, respectively, for G‐62T and by four and two logs, respectively, for D‐17E). In contrast, the substitution of alanine for W‐34 at site III did not reduce the high‐affinity binding of the B subunit, despite causing a fourfold reduction in the receptor‐binding capacity. The corresponding mutant W‐34A holotoxin had a two‐log reduction in cytotoxicity on Vero cells and no statistically significant reduction on MRC‐5 cells. We conclude that the high‐affinity receptor binding most relevant for cell cytotoxicity occurs at sites I and II. In contrast, site III appears to mediate the recognition of additional Gb3 receptor epitopes but with lower affinity. Our results support the significance of the indole ring of W‐34 for binding at this site.
Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multiracial/Ethnic Analysis of a Student Population

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Padua Inventory Washington State University Revision are commonly used measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder. They have been shown to be reliable and valid with both clinical and nonclinical samples. However, their psychometrics have primarily been assessed using homogenous white samples. This is a concern because while some studies of anxiety measures among multiple racial and ethnic groups suggest equivalence (e.g., Norton, J Anxiety Dis. 2005;19:699–707), others report significant racial/ethnic differences and unequal predictive validity (e.g., Thomas et al., Assessment. 2000;7:247–258). This study examined 2 measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms using a large sample of African American, white, Hispanic/Latino, Southeast Asian, and South Asian/East Indian students. Preliminary analyses indicated that Southeast and South Asian/East Indian participants reported significantly more symptoms on the Padua Inventory Washington State University Revision, although only South Asian/East Indian participants also reported a correspondingly higher rate of interference and distress associated with their symptoms. Comparable psychometric estimates were observed across all groups. Differences by race/ethnicity are discussed regarding potential variables that may act as moderators or mediators in addition to clinical and research implications.
Reproductive Timing in Marine Fishes: Variability, Temporal Scales, and Methods

Abstract Reproductive timing can be defined as the temporal pattern of reproduction over a lifetime. Although reproductive timing is highly variable in marine fishes, certain traits are universal, including sexual maturity, undergoing one or more reproductive cycles, participating in one or more spawning events within a reproductive cycle, release of eggs or offspring, aging, and death. These traits commonly occur at four temporal scales: lifetime, annual, intraseasonal, and diel. It has long been known that reproductive timing affects reproductive success, especially in terms of the onset of sexual maturity and the match or mismatch between seasonal spawning and offspring survival. However, a comprehensive understanding of variability in reproductive timing over species, populations, and temporal scales is lacking. In addition, there is a need to assess how variability in reproductive timing affects a population's resilience. Because natural selection occurs at the individual level, this necessitates an understanding of within-population (i.e., individual) variability in reproductive timing and how fishing may impact it through age truncation and size-specific selectivity or fisheries-induced evolution. In this paper, we review the temporal aspects of reproductive strategies and the four most-studied reproductive timing characteristics in fishes: sexual maturity, spawning seasonality, spawning frequency, and diel periodicity. For each characteristic, we synthesize how it has traditionally been measured, advances in understanding the underlying physiology, its role in equilibriumbased fish population dynamics, and its importance to reproductive success. We then provide a review of emerging methodology—with an emphasis on ovarian histology—to improve our ability to assess variability in reproductive timing both among populations and within populations.
Achieving temporal isolation in multiprocessor mixed-criticality systems

Upon mixed-criticality environments, the execution of high-criticality functionalities must be protected from interference from the execution of less critical functionalities. A means of achieving this objective upon multiprocessor environments is by forbidding less critical functionalities from executing anywhere upon the platform while more critical functionalities are executing upon any processor. This approach towards ensuring temporal isolation between the different criticalities that are co-implemented upon a common platform is explored in this paper, under both the global and partitioned paradigms of multiprocessor scheduling.
Evaluation of the effect of mannan-oligosaccharides on the competitive exclusion of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in broiler chicks

This study evaluated the protection against colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in the chick's caecum when dosed with caecal contents from hens fed dietary carbohydrates based on mannose. Protection was investigated by comparing the effects of four suspensions of hen caecal contents (HCC) fed diets supplemented with 2.5% D -mannose (MAN-HCC), 2.5% mannoseoligosaccharide (MOS-HCC), 2.5% palm kernel meal (PKM-HCC) or unsupplemented mash (MashHCC). Four trials to quantify and compare their effectiveness, showed that chicks were better protected when given MOS-HCC or PKM-HCC combined with diets supplemented with the same oligosaccharide given to the hens. Protection remained with the caecal contents diluted up to 106-fold but was reduced or lost at higher dilutions, with better protection produced by the addition of carbohydrates to the diet. In conclusion, this study showed that HCC from hens fed diets supplemented with MOS or PKM were more effective against S. Enteritidis colonization in chicks than the HCC from hens fed unsupplemented mash.
THE PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY

The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury is an ongoing Hubble Space Telescope Multi-Cycle Treasury program to image ∼1/3 of M31's star-forming disk in six filters, spanning from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR). We use the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) to resolve the galaxy into millions of individual stars with projected radii from 0 to 20 kpc. The full survey will cover a contiguous 0.5 deg2area in 828 orbits. Imaging is being obtained in the F275W and F336W filters on the WFC3/UVIS camera, F475W and F814W on ACS/WFC, and F110W and F160W on WFC3/IR. The resulting wavelength coverage gives excellent constraints on stellar temperature, bolometric luminosity, and extinction for most spectral types. The data produce photometry with a signal-to-noise ratio of 4 at mF275W = 25.1, mF336W = 24.9, mF475W = 27.9, mF814W = 27.1, mF110W = 25.5, and mF160W = 24.6 for single pointings in the uncrowded outer disk; in the inner disk, however, the optical and NIR data are crowding limited, and the deepest reliable magnitudes are up to 5 mag brighter. Observations are carried out in two orbits per pointing, split between WFC3/UVIS and WFC3/IR cameras in primary mode, with ACS/WFC run in parallel. All pointings are dithered to produce Nyquist-sampled images in F475W, F814W, and F160W. We describe the observing strategy, photometry, astrometry, and data products available for the survey, along with extensive testing of photometric stability, crowding errors, spatially dependent photometric biases, and telescope pointing control. We also report on initial fits to the structure of M31's disk, derived from the density of red giant branch stars, in a way that is independent of assumed mass-to-light ratios and is robust to variations in dust extinction. These fits also show that the 10 kpc ring is not just a region of enhanced recent star formation, but is instead a dynamical structure containing a significant overdensity of stars with ages >1 Gyr.
Socioeconomic factors affecting the utilization of surgical operations.

Between 1963 and 1970 public programs were introduced to reduce inequalities in access to medical care. We examined differentials in surgical utilization among socioeconomic groups in 1970 as well as changes between 1963 and 1970. Multivariate analysis of National Health Interview Survey data indicated that large increases in surgical utilization occurred among disadvantaged groups: the aged, lower educated and nonwhites in urban areas. Some differential by race and residence remains, but is strongly related to income. Income had a large positive effect on surgical utilization, but this effect was less strong in 1970 than in 1963. Education had a negative effect on surgical utilization. Eleven surgical procedures were selected and scaled on indexes of "complexity," "urgency" and "necessity. " These indexes do not vary among demographic groups that have significant differences in surgical utilization. However, lower-income groups utilized to a lesser extent procedures rated lowest on the necessity scale.
National incidence and prevalence of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas in Sweden.

CONTEXT TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are rare. Epidemiological data are scant and there are no reports on national incidence. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to estimate the national Swedish incidence and prevalence of TSHomas. DESIGN This was an observational study. SETTING The study was conducted at tertiary referral centers. PATIENTS The Swedish Pituitary Registry and World Health Organization International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems coding at all university hospitals were used to identify patients diagnosed with TSHomas 1990-2010. The identified patients' medical records were studied until the latest follow-up [median 5.0 years (range < 1-20 years)]. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Incidence, prevalence, demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment outcome, and thyroid hormone level at diagnosis were measured. RESULTS The age-standardized national incidence of 28 TSHoma patients was 0.15 per 1 million inhabitants per year, with an increasing incidence over time (0.05 per 1 million per year in 1990-1994 to 0.26 per 1 million per year in 2005-2009). The national prevalence in 2010 was 2.8 per 1 million inhabitants, in which 0.85 per 1 million had active disease. Most patients (n = 22) underwent pituitary surgery, 5 had radiotherapy, and 6 had somatostatin analogues. Eighteen patients were considered cured at the latest follow-up; 25% remained uncontrolled. Subjects treated for putative primary hyperthyroidism prior to diagnosis had TSH levels more than double those with intact thyroid at diagnosis (P = .013). The median time to diagnosis was longer for women than men (4 vs < 1 year, P = .026). More women than men were treated surgically (94.1% vs 54.5%, P = .022). CONCLUSION This is the first estimate of a national incidence of TSHoma. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to compare these results with other geographical areas. This study suggests an increased incidence of TSHomas, in agreement with reports on other pituitary adenomas.
From single-case studies to practice-based knowledge: Aggregating and synthesizing case studies

Abstract Recent developments in case study methodology reflect a rising interest that clinicians and researchers share in building a clinically useful and empirically sound knowledge base from single-case studies. The present article describes three types of single-case studies (clinical, experimental, systematic) and examines their potential contributions to psychotherapy research. It then lays out three ways in which single-case studies can be aggregated and synthesized to enhance clinical understanding: (a) a case database that allows clinicians to efficiently search for relevant cases, (b) a metasynthesis of single-case studies that integrates common themes across similar cases, and (c) an individual case comparison method in which closely matched cases are compared to identify both therapeutic and hindering processes.
Prévalence de l'hépatite B chez les personnes infectées par le VIH à Parakou au Bénin

Introduction La co-infection avec l'hépatite B est l'un des défis majeurs de la prise en charge du VIH depuis l'amélioration de l'accès aux antirétroviraux en Afrique. La présente étude visait à estimer la prévalence de l'hépatite B chez les personnes séropositives au VIH à Parakou et décrire les facteurs associés. Méthodes Il s'agit d'une étude transversale menée de Mai 2011 à Juin 2012 dans le service de Médecine du CHU de Parakou. Ont été inclus tous les adultes séropositifs au VIH vus en consultation ou hospitalisés. Les données ont été collectées par interviews et dépouillement de dossiers médicaux. L'antigène HBs a été recherché par un test rapide et l'ALAT a été dosé. L'analyse des données a été faite avec le logiciel EpiInfo 3.5. 1. Les proportions ont été comparées grâce au test de Chi-deux ou au test de Fisher au seuil de significativité de 5%. Un modèle de régression logistique multivariable a permis d'expliquer la prévalence de l'hépatite B. Résultats Sur les 744 sujets inclus on a dénombré 555 femmes. L’âge moyen était de 35,5 + 10,1 ans. La prévalence de l'hépatite B a été estimée à 16,9% (IC95: 14,3%-19,9%). Cette prévalence était plus élevée chez les sujets originaires du Borgou/Alibori et ceux au stade 4 de l'OMS. Conclusion La prévalence de la co-infection VIH/VHB au CHU Parakou est élevée. Le dispositif national de prise en charge et de prévention de l'hépatite B chez les personnes séropositives au VIH doit être renforcé.