Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Framework for eGovernment Development in Nigeria

Globally eGovernment is associated with providing opportunities to increase the connection, availability and modes of interactivity between governance at multiple levels and the citizen. It is also associated with transforming current governmental services in ways to increase efficiencies, improve processes and automate tasks previously undertaken by governmental employees. Growing demands at national government level (often subsidised by public money) and amongst citizen groups across the world lead to a greater focus on the provision of eGovernment services. Often governmental demands for improvements to service clash with citizen requirements. Governments which want to remain relevant to their citizens must take an active role in the implementation of eGovernment. Citizens have witnessed the advances in personalisation of service, accessibility and greater use of technology in the private sector that has created an expansion of innovative ICT solutions and they are now demanding that their governments do the same. This creates an environment where the provision of eGovernment services must be approached with seriousness and with the consideration of the requirements of all stakeholder groups. The aim of this paper is to detail research undertaken to examine the path towards implementation of mature eGovernment services in the country of Nigeria. The research has included a comprehensive benchmarking activity in relation to the content analysis of state government websites in Nigeria and comparison to equivalent provision of council websites in the UK. Following this an eGovernment services requirements survey targeted at citizens was conducted to determine from a citizen perspective the present need for and evaluation of eGovernment services across Nigeria and the UK. In terms of findings, the content analysis demonstrated significant shortcomings with existing state government websites in Nigeria with only 30% of websites analysed providing basic mechanisms for citizens to interact with government services. The analysis of citizen requirements found that amongst those user groups targeted there was a high level of expectation in relation to the provision of eGovernment services and also found that the Nigerian citizens surveyed were more engaged with the benefits that eGovernment could bring to their nation.
Screening of High-performance Flocculant-producing Bacteria and Optimization of the Conditions for Flocculation of Wheat Distillery Wastewater

This study aimed to screen high-performance flocculant-producing bacteria for flocculating suspended matter in wheat distillery wastewater. After the preliminary and secondary screening, a high-performance flocculant-producing bacteria strain was screened from the activated sludge of wheat distillery wastewater. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the culture and flocculent conditions for the flocculant-producing bacteria. A superior strain of Klebsiella M1 was screened and identified by 16S rDNA. The initial flocculating degree was up to 72%. Based on single-factor tests, the optimum flocculent conditions were a resting time of 30 min, 8%(v/v) culture medium dosage, and 3%(v/v) CaCl2. The optimum culture conditions were an incubation temperature of 30 °C for 48 h at pH 4.5 and rotation speed of 150 rpm. Under the optimum conditions, the flocculating degree was up to 82%. The best fermentation medium components were 15 g/L glucose, 2 g/L peptone, 1 g/L KH2PO4, and 2.5 g/L K2HPO4. A high flocculating degree was also achieved with the low-cost medium. The Klebsiella M1 bacteria strain can be used as a good bioflocculant produced bacteria for wheat distillery wastewater.
Diet of sardine Sardina pilchardus: an ‘end-to-end’ field study

The diet of sardines was analyzed from samples collected at a coastal site in the North Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) in July 2007 and July 2008 (stratification periods), and in December 2007 (early phase of the mixing period) and February 2009 (late phase of the mixing period). Concurrent measurements of environmental and planktonic community variables (from bacteria to mesozooplankton) were carried out to infer major trophic pathways in the pelagic food web and determine how these pathways are related to sardine prey selection. The bulk of the dietary carbon in adults was derived from calanoid copepods, >1 mm total length, although the diet was numerically dominated by phytoplankton. In juveniles, phytoplankton consumption was negligible. The diet composition and prey selection seemed to be driven by the availability of large prey. During summer, microbial processes prevailed (the ratio of autotrophs 20 µm was 13 to 15, and the ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic pico- and nanoplankton biomass was 20 µm dominated the carbon bud- get, and the abundance of larger copepods (e.g. Centropages) was high. In December 2007, when waters were mixed but still relatively warm, both the 'microbial' and 'classical' (herbivorous) trophic pathways seemed to be important. The mean size of mesozooplankton (copepods and cladocerans) in sardine stomachs was highly correlated with their mean size in the field, and the latter was in turn highly positively correlated with the concentration of diatoms. Finally, a strong negative relationship between the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and average size of mesozoo- plankton prey in the stomachs was found, which could be explained in terms of the interplay of feeding modes, i.e. filter (non-selective) and particulate (selective) feeding.
A meta-evaluation: The role of treatment fidelity within psychosocial interventions during the last decade

Treatment fidelity is widely accepted as a critical component of successful psychological program implementation and treatment integrity. The current study is a critical interpretive synthesis of the review and evaluation literature on Treatment fidelity in psychosocial interventions in the last decade with an aim to explore the emphasis placed by researchers on: i) definitions of treatment fidelity; ii) different components of treatment fidelity; and iii) existing strategies to enhance treatment fidelity in clinical practice. This encompasses ongoing clinician training, mentoring and supervision; provision of robust, cost efficient and portable suite of complimentary-tools. The results of the metaevaluation highlighted researchers attached varying importance to strategies to enhance treatment fidelity in clinical practice. Several recommendations for treatment fidelity in clinical practice including: development of standardised definitions of treatment fidelity within an overarching treatment fidelity Model, incorporating measurement of clinician and client fidelity (through use of competence and adherence scales), and support for investment in professional development for clinicians. Areas of focus for future research include further examination of the linkage between clinician fidelity to client outcomes, and exploration of the value of measuring treatment fidelity overtime.
Numerical Investigation of Fluid Flow and Aerodynamic Performance of a Dragonfly Wing Section for Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) Applications

A comprehensive numerical simulation of fluid dynamics based study of a pleated wing section based on the wing of Aeshna Cyanea has been performed at ultra-low Reynolds number corresponding to the gliding flight of these dragonflies in order to explore the potential applications of pleated airfoils for micro air vehicle applications. The simulation employs an unstructured triangular mesh based on finite volume discretization done in the ANSYS-14.0 using WorkBench14.0. Whenever, dragonfly wing interacts with the fluid (air taken), several forces and vibrations results out. These forces and vibrations cause certain changes over the dimensional structure over the wing and also influence the flows characteristics. A critical assessment of the computed results was performed.In this work, various flow patterns and aerodynamic performance of pleated airfoil has been obtained at ultra-low Reynolds numbers (2000-3000) at different angle of attacks (AOA) ranging from 0° to 15°. Also there effects on coefficient of Lift and Drag have been analysed. The simulations demonstrate that pleated airfoil produces higher lift and moderate drag that lead to an aerodynamic performance and hence pleated airfoil is an excellent choice for a fixed wing micro-air vehicle application.
Procedures for Scanning Radiata Pine Stem Dimensions and Quality on Mechanised Processors

Abstract Four simulated procedures for scanning and bucking of 75 pruned and 75 unpruned radiata pine (Pinus radiata) trees were evaluated on the basis of productivity, costs, and value recovery. The procedures evaluated were: (a) a conventional scan where quality changes and bucking decisions were input by the machine operator, (b) a fully automated scan of the stem prior to optimisation and bucking, (c) a 6 m automated scan with 6.2 m forecast ahead, and (d) a 4.7 m automated scan with 7.5 m forecast ahead before optimal bucking took place. Cutting patterns for export and domestic markets were used in the simulations for optimally bucking each tree. After subtracting costs, net value recovery for the automated scanning methods was 5 to 8% higher than for a conventional scan. Based on the stand types and market conditions used in the analyses, breakeven capital investment costs for new scanning and optimisation equipment on mechanised processors could range between US$240,000 and US$450,000.
Approaches to developing integrated care in Europe: a systematic literature review

Abstract Purpose Many European countries have been undertaking measures to promote integration of health and social care. The purpose of this study is to identify different approaches to integrated care and retrieve a number of experiences and approaches of working in some European countries. Methods A systematic review of the integrated care literature was conducted in a 3-month period. The Pubmed, Embase, and BioMed Central databases were searched for articles from 2002 through 2008. The articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A standard form was used for data extraction. Findings A total of 24 studies that conformed to the criteria were found. The analysed articles describe integrated care in 16 European countries: UK, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Austria, Spain, Netherlands, Ireland, Portugal, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Switzerland. The studies' setting was primary care, social care, home care, or a combination of these. In majority of the studies similar challenges to health care systems were identified: advances in health care, ageing population, multi-system nature of chronic diseases, hospital-based care system, insufficient provision of community care services, lack of cooperation among health and social care providers, fragmentation of the health and social care systems, and rurality. These challenges are seen as a stimulus to the integration of care. The articles also mentioned some integration strategies that were categorized according to: changes in organizational structure, workforce reconfiguring, and changes in the financing system. Integrated care definitions were also derived from the articles, and from the verbatim text when possible. Definitions were grouped according to their sectorial focus: community-based care, combined health and social care, combined acute and primary care, the providers, and in a more comprehensive approach the whole health system. Conclusion Despite integrated care being implemented in some European countries since the beginning of the millennium, it is a relatively new concept in health management discourse. There is room for more studies on the need for integrated care and the effectiveness of the implemented strategies. Despite integration models having a similar background there is no European consensus about the definition of integrated care. The data collected are useful for debate on the topic within the international health management and marketing community.
Glutamate Cotransmission in Cholinergic, GABAergic and Monoamine Systems: Contrasts and Commonalities

Multiple discoveries made since the identification of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) two decades ago revealed that many neuronal populations in the brain use glutamate in addition to their “primary” neurotransmitter. Such a mode of cotransmission has been detected in dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and surprisingly even in GABA neurons. Interestingly, work performed by multiple groups during the past decade suggests that the use of glutamate as a cotransmitter takes different forms in these different populations of neurons. In the present review, we will provide an overview of glutamate cotransmission in these different classes of neurons, highlighting puzzling differences in: (1) the proportion of such neurons expressing a VGLUT in different brain regions and at different stages of development; (2) the sub-cellular localization of the VGLUT; (3) the localization of the VGLUT in relation to the neurons’ other vesicular transporter; and (4) the functional role of glutamate cotransmission.
Incubator Age and Incubation Time: Determinants of Firm Survival after Graduation?

Basierend auf einer Datenbasis von insgesamt 149 ehemalig durch Technologie- und Grunderzentren geforderten Unternehmen wird untersucht, inwiefern ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Aufenthaltsdauer der Unternehmen in den Zentren sowie dem Betriebsalter der Zentren und der langfristigen Uberlebensfahigkeit der Unternehmen nach dem Auszug besteht. Eine derartige Untersuchung liegt bislang nicht vor. Die empirischen Ergebnisse eines Coxproportionalen Hazard Modells sowie verschiedener Accelerated Failure Time Modelle zeigen statistisch signifikant negative Effekte beider Faktoren auf die Uberlebensfahigkeit der untersuchten Unternehmen. Eine mogliche Erklarung mag sich darin finden lassen, dass eine zunehmende Wahrnehmung regionalwirtschaftlicher Aufgaben der Technologieund Grunderzentren (beispielsweise Betreuung von Netzwerkinitiativen) die Effektivitat einer Forderung hinsichtlich der Uberlebensfahigkeit der unterstutzten Unternehmen mindert. Das Diskussionspapier schliest mit wirtschaftspolitischen Empfehlungen.
Social Participation and Life Satisfaction Among Widowed Older Adults in China

Aim: Little is known about how widowed older adults in China adjust during widowhood. This paper examines the relationship between their changes in social participation following spousal loss and their reported life satisfaction. Methods: Using two-wave (2000 and 2006) national representative data from China, we regressed measures of widowhood status, changes of social participation, health function, financial strain as well as living arrangement on life satisfaction after adjusting for baseline life satisfaction and other sociodemographic variables. Results: Increased social participation was related to higher levels of life satisfaction. This study did not find evidence that individuals who experienced widowhood would benefit more compared to those remained married from increasing social participation after spousal loss. Conclusions: Social participation is one way older adults can potentially improve life satisfaction. In addition to focusing on family support during widowhood, practitioners could consider developing appropriate social activities to engage older adults with particular consideration of those remained widowed for long.
Relationship of Duration and Intensity of Pain with Depression and Functional Disability Among Patients with Low-Back Pain

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder causing huge humanitarian and economical costs (Andersson, 1999). It is often classified, according to duration of pain, as acute (short term), sub-acute (intermediate) and chronic (long-term) and is typically referred to as being specific or non-specific (Andersson, 1999; Merskey and Bogduk, 1994). Specific LBP refers to symptoms caused by ‘red flags’ such as spinal fractures, cancers, infections, and cauda equina syndrome. However, approximately 90% of cases of back pain have no identifiable cause and are designated as non-specific (Deyo and Weinstein, 2001).
Influence of provider training on quality of emergency obstetric care in Kenya

In addition to infectious diseases, maternal and neonatal conditions account for a substantial part of the health gap between rich and poor countries. For example, more than 99 percent of maternal deaths occur in the developing world. The majority of the deaths are caused by direct obstetric complications, including haemorrhage, sepsis, eclampsia, obstructed labour, and unsafe abortion practices. In Kenya, complications related to pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of morbidity and mortality, translating to 414 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Although 88 percent of Kenyan women attend antenatal care, only 40 percent deliver in the health facilities, and only 42 percent of all deliveries have skilled attendance at delivery. In the Kenyan context, access to and use of quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) are essential to efforts aimed at reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. We examine data from the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment (KSPA) to assess the availability of EmOC services in Kenya, and to demonstrate the importance of health worker training in the delivery of these life-saving services. We find that less than 20 percent of maternal health workers interviewed had received training in focused antenatal or postnatal care in the last three years. Among caregivers providing delivery services, only 18 percent had received training in lifesaving skills, and only 37 percent had received training in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during the last three years. Our analysis also demonstrates that training is a critical element in the detection and management of complications. Recent training in relevant subject matter was found to be significantly and positively associated with the ability to provide quality care in the event of unsafe abortion and postpartum haemorrhage. Training was also positively associated with the ability to provide appropriate care in the event of a retained placenta. The obvious recommendation is to ensure that up-to-date, quality training is provided to a broad base of health workers at all types of facilities, particularly at the local facilities that are the first point of contact for women experiencing an obstetric emergency. It is recognized that there are logistical obstacles to increasing the number of health workers who receive training. Further, although we isolated the element of training for this analysis, it is clear from these findings that for optimal service outcome, quality-of-care training has to be undertaken within the context of improved infrastructure and as a support to service delivery.
Multi-level Governance in rural development: Analysing experiences from LEADER for a Community-Led Local Development (CLLD)

Many different levels of the institutional framework influence processes of rural development. One funding-scheme for rural development is LEADER, which is a bottom-up-orientated approach funded by the EU. A key element is a Local Action Group (LAG) as a kind of a private-public partnership. The LAG collaborate on the basis of an integrated local development strategy. The LAG make decisions about the financial support for projects from an own budget. The patterns of such an element of rural governance on local level are embedded in a multi-level governance system. To analyse LEADER performances we develop a model of multi-level governance, which integrates governance arrangements at local level as well as regulation at European and German Federal State Level. In theory, under multi-level governance the role of the state shifts from one of control to one of co-ordination, using new mechanisms to guide a plurality of network actors. In general we use governance with a wide definition in an analytical sense (not focused on a normative perspective like in good governance concepts, not with a narrow definition as self-governance). So governance is seen as an umbrella term for regulation of collective actions with different modes of steering Crucial aspects for analysing LEADER are settings of the rural development programs and the LAGs own settings. However, only focusing on a formal system of the LAG's rules and regulations alone neglects the LAG's board's actual behaviour and processes. Therefore, in addition to the formal system, also an informal system of characteristics related to behaviours and attitudes should considered. Research questions are related to the observation of external induced changes (from the policy framework) as well as endogenous induced changes (from learning processes within the LAG). This contribution will be based on findings of an international research project with case-studies in France, Italy and Germany as well as the on the result of the LEADER evaluation in Germany (with written questionnaires for members of the LAG decision making bodies in ca. 100 regions with more than 3000 answers in 2009 and 2013). Incidentally research about the performance of LEADER becomes even more important, because there will be more LEADER-like implementations in the future: Not only new EU-countries could participate in the new funding period 2014+, but in addition the LEADER principles in theory are now usable for a 'Community-Led Local Development' for other structural funds.
A comparison of HES 6% 130/0.42 versus HES 6% 130/0.4 before spinal anaesthesia in Caesarean section patients: the effects on haemodynamics, haemoglobin, liver tests and thromboelastometry

Background. Prehydration before C-section is a controversial issue. As it was demonstrated in several studies starches may be better than crystalloids in increasing circulating volume and cardiac output. In the present study we wanted to evaluate the efficacy of two tetrastarch solutions on the incidence and severity of hypotension following a combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia (CSE) for elective C-section. Method. Of the 60 patients enrolled, 29 and 28 patients terminated the study in the HES 130/ 0.42/6:1 (Venofundinfi or Venohesfi, Ve group) and HES 130/0.4/9:1 (Voluvenfi, Vo group) respectively. Both groups received 500 mL of the solution and 1000 mL of Ringeris Lactate before the spinal injection as part of a CSE technique. We compared the haemodynamic parameters between the two solutions and their effect upon thromboelastometry, haemoglobin level and liver/kidney function tests. Results. There were no differences with respect to haemodynamic parameters such as lowest blood pressure values or vasopressor use. The only difference found, regardless of the group allocation, was a significantly higher elowest systolic blood pressurei in parturients receiving the spinal injection in the sitting position or those undergoing their delivery during the morning hours. Thromboelastometry and LDH concentration was affected more significantly following Voluvenfi use but there were no significant differences between both solutions. Haemoglobin level decreased more significantly in the Vo group while not in the Ve group. The difference between both colloids was significant as well. Alkaline phosphatase, gGT and bilirubin decreased to the same extent with both colloids. Conclusion. There were no differences with respect to haemodynamics between the two colloids but that Voluvenfi had more effect on the thromboelastometry pattern and LDH while for the decrease of the haemoglobin concentration the difference was significant as compared to Venofundinfi/Venohesfi. Although significant changes were measured, the values remained within the normal reference range while it is unclear whether the extent of alterations was above and beyond the effect of haemodilution.