Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hormone replacement therapy and reduced cognitive decline in older women

Objective: To examine the association between postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the trajectory of global cognitive change with age. Methods: The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered to a population sample of 2,073 nondemented, community-dwelling female residents of Cache County, UT, aged 65 and older. Current and past HRT and other medications at a baseline interview and at follow-up 3 years later were assessed. Between interviews, a telephone Women’s Health Questionnaire was administered to assess initial exposure, duration, and recency of HRT. Generalized estimating equation marginal models were used to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relations of HRT and modified MMSE score. Also assessed were effects with multivitamins and calcium supplements as exposures likely to reflect a “healthy lifestyle” among HRT users. Model covariates included the presence of APOE ε4 alleles, age, education, concurrent depression, several chronic diseases, and self-perceived general health. Results: Age, lower education, depression, and APOE ε4 were all associated with lower baseline modified MMSE scores. With these covariates in the model, lifetime HRT use was associated with better baseline modified MMSE scores and a slower rate of decline. Stratification by APOE genotype did not alter these effects. Apparent benefits with HRT were attenuated but remained significant after elimination of scores from participants with incident dementia. A significant interaction between age and HRT indicated the strongest effects in women aged 85 and older. Measures of age at initial use of HRT, duration, and recency of exposure did not improve the models. No effects were seen with the “healthy lifestyle” control exposures. Conclusions: In a population cohort of older women, lifetime HRT exposure was associated with improved global cognition and attenuated decline over a 3-year interval. Improvements were greatest in the oldest old.
Mode of failure of rib fixation with absorbable plates: a clinical and numerical modeling study.

BACKGROUND Rib fractures as a result of trauma are a relatively common injury. There is an increasing interest in the operative stabilization of these injuries. Absorbable fixation plates are an option for improved rib fracture treatment. The aim of this study was to review our plating failures and to create a numerical model of muscle forces on fractured ribs to identify the mechanism by which these rib fixations have failed. METHODS Thirteen patients who had 58 ribs fixed with absorbable prostheses were reviewed. Finite element modeling was used to simulate the fixation of a lateral rib fracture using an absorbable plate and screw system. Internal pressure, intercostal forces, and appropriate displacement and rotational constraints were enforced at the rib ends. RESULTS Ten rib fixation failures were noted in the clinical series. The modeling results showed that stresses on the plate differ during inspiration and expiration. Failure to use the two central screws resulted in higher stresses on the plating system. During inspiration simulations, the screws on both rib parts are active in keeping the rib and plate surfaces unseparated. However, during expiration, there is a greater stress on the screws on the posterior part of the broken rib, and separation of the plate from the rib seems to be more likely to occur at this site. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the likely mode of failure of this absorbable plating system occurs on the posterior part of the rib, which correlates with the clinical failures seen.
AUDITORS' AND CLIENTS’ PERSPECTIVES TOWARD AUDIT QUALITY FACTORS IN INDONESIA: DO THEY DIFFER?

Abstract The project aims to investigate the attributes of audit quality in Indonesia by considering input from groups of auditors and audit clients. Beside the facts of the important to consider the issue from different groups of stakeholders such as audit committee chairpersons, there have been very few published empirical studies of perceived audit quality in Indonesia from that group’ perspectives. This study attempts to address the gap by identifying the major attributes that enter into the determination of audit quality in Indonesia based on the perspectives of different groups of auditors and clients. Survey questionnaires are sent to a random sample of the two groups. The result shows that there are significant difference perceptions between the groups. Key words: Audit quality, audit quality factors, market perceptions of audit quality, competence, independence, relationship, service quality.
Spindle pole body separation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires dephosphorylation of the tyrosine 19 residue of Cdc28

In eukaryotes, mitosis requires the activation of cdc2 kinase via association with cyclin B and dephosphorylation of the threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 residues. It is known that in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a homologous kinase, Cdc28, mediates the progression through M phase, but it is not clear what specific mitotic function its activation by the dephosphorylation of an equivalent tyrosine (Tyr-19) serves. We report here that cells expressing cdc28-E19 (in which Tyr-19 is replaced by glutamic acid) perform Start-related functions, complete DNA synthesis, and exhibit high levels of Clb2-associated kinase activity but are unable to form bipolar spindles. The failure of these cells to form mitotic spindles is due to their inability to segregate duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs), a phenotype strikingly similar to that exhibited by a previously reported mutant defective in both kinesin-like motor proteins Cin8 and Kip1. We also find that the overexpression of SWE1, the budding-yeast homolog of wee1, also leads to a failure to segregate SPBs. These results imply that dephosphorylation of Tyr-19 is required for the segregation of SPBs. The requirement of Tyr-19 dephosphorylation for spindle assembly is also observed under conditions in which spindle formation is independent of mitosis, suggesting that the involvement of Cdc28/Clb kinase in SPB separation is direct. On the basis of these results, we propose that one of the roles of Tyr-19 dephosphorylation is to promote SPB separation.
A study on the socio-economic status of the automated dairy unit owners

The present study was conducted in the ten commercial dairy farms maintaining minimum of 100 animals as a herd and adopted the automization in and around Hyderabad city of Telangana State. Socioeconomic status of the dairy unit owners revealed that in majority (70%) are middle age group (35-55 years) and of graduate (80%) education. Most of the dairy units have herd size between 100-300 (50%), followed by 900-1100 (30%) and least had above 1100 (10%). Chi-square tests for education and age with milking automation was found significant (p<0.01) with values 27.47* and 47.55* respectively.
Retraction notice: Language abilities of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A preliminary group and case investigation

Language impairments are reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, the majority of studies have evaluated language differences between relapsing-remitting (RR) and chronic progressive (CP) clinical courses. Neurologists have distinguished two progressive courses of MS: primary progressive (PP) MS and secondary progressive (SP) MS. Recent evidence suggests that cognitive performance profi les may provide a means of differentiating between the clinical courses of RR, SP, and PPMS. With this in mind, a deviation of language profi les between sub-types is predicted. The purpose of this study is to profi le the language abilities of fi ve participants with PPMS. Five participants with PPMS participated in this investigation. The participants were assessed using the Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia (NCCEA), the Boston Naming Test (BNT), and the Test of Language Competence – Expanded (TLC-E). Data analysis consisted of (a) comparison of the total scores achieved by the PPMS participants and a group of 26 age-matched controls on the NCCEA, BNT, and TLC-E, and (b) case studies to individually profi le the language abilities of the fi ve participants with PPMS. Comparison of the NCCEA, BNT, and TLC-E total scores of the participants with PPMS and the control group did not indicate signifi cant differences between the two groups. Case-by-case analysis revealed defi cits in meta-linguistic abilities in two participants. The results provide preliminary evidence to suggest that, although patients with PPMS may have preserved general language abilities, some individuals may present with mild impairments in high-level linguistic abilities.
Preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: Prevention in context

EDITOR—Metoclopramide is one of the drugs that we reviewed in our recent Cochrane meta-analysis.1 We also found that metoclopramide was effective. We found that, compared with placebo, the average relative risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting was 0.76 for all doses of metoclopramide, which compares to 0.89, 0.75, and 0.63 for 10 mg, 25 mg, and 50 mg of metoclopramide in the study reported by Wallenborn et al.2 We would like to comment on the useful information that Wallenborn's study provides in this context. Wallenborn et al provided the most …
Effect of sex-linked dwarf gene on exterior appearance, productive performance and egg characteristics in a colored broiler dam line.

The effect of sex-linked dwarf gene was investigated through comparison of dwarf hens with their full-sib normal sisters obtained by mating heterozygous males (DW/dw) to normal females (DW/_) from line F (used as maternal form for production of slow-growing colored chickens) with respect to the following traits: body weight, shank and keel length at 40 weeks of age, age of sexual maturity (at 50 % production), egg production, egg weight, feed intake, feed utilization, livability, fertility, hatchability and egg quality characteristics. The results demonstrated that the dw gene caused statistically significant reduction of body weight by 29.15 %, shank length by 20.17 %, keel length by 7 % and egg weight by 5.72 % (p<0.001). The hens with normal genotype attained sexual maturity 7 days earlier (p<0.001), but nevertheless, rate of lay was similar to that of mini forms. There were no considerable differences between both genetic groups with respect to livability percentage over the production cycle. Dwarf hens consumed by 23.38 % less feed (p<0.01) than normal sized hens and converted nutrients more efficiently by 12.69 % (p<0.05). The presence of dw gene in hen genotype increased the eggshell percentage, reduced egg yolk and albumen weights and had no effect on their quality. The positive effect of the sex-linked dwarf gene on economically important traits - feed intake and feed conversion, hatchability of eggs set, is a prerequisite for the development of more efficient broiler breeder hens for production of slow-growing chickens.
Facial Expression and Experience of Emotions in Psychodynamic Interviews with Patients with PTSD in Comparison to Healthy Subjects

Background: The facial affective behavior of traumatized patients and of a healthy control group was compared. Sampling and Methods: Data of 15 videotaped clinical interviews of traumatized inpatients and of 15 healthy women (absence of mental/psychiatric disorder according to ICD-10) were ascertained. The affective facial expression of both groups was coded with the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System. Afterwards, the mimic analysis was correlated with gazing behavior and the emotional experience. The patients reported their traumatic experiences and the healthy women their main complaints. Results: The traumatized patients showed neither a reduction of overall facial expressions nor a reduced frequency of facial affects in comparison to the healthy control group. The control group, however, showed significantly more ‘genuine joy’. The traumatized patients showed significantly more anger. Conclusions: The traumatized patients did not show a significant reduction of overall facial expression. A more detailed analysis showed that on the one hand, stabilizing elements of relationships, such as genuine joy, appear significantly less on the face of traumatized patients as compared with the healthy women. On the other hand, the expression of anger was brought into the relationship significantly more often by the traumatized patients during face-to-face interaction (clinical interview). This indicates the importance of distance regulation interaction patterns of traumatized patients.
VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): IGM transmission towards galaxies with 2.5 < z < 5.5 and the colour selection of high-redshift galaxies

The observed UV rest-frame spectra of distant galaxies are the result of their intrinsic emission combined with absorption along the line of sight produced by the inter-galactic medium (IGM). Here we analyse the evolution of the mean IGM transmission Tr(Lyα) and its dispersion along the line of sight for 2127 galaxies with 2.5 4 takes a mean value significantly in excess of E(B−V) > 0.15. Most importantly, we found a large dispersion of IGM transmission along the lines of sight towards distant galaxies with 68% of the distribution within 10 to 17% of the median value in δz = 0.5 bins, similar to what is found on the lines of sight towards QSOs. We demonstrate that taking this broad range of IGM transmission into account is important when selecting high-redshift galaxies based on their colour properties (e.g. LBG or photometric redshiftselection) because failing to do so causes a significant incompleteness in selecting high-redshift galaxy populations. We finally discuss the observed IGM properties and speculate that the broad range of observed transmissions might be the result of cosmic variance and clustering along lines of sight. This clearly shows that the sources that cause this extinction need to be more completely modelled.
“Grab gatorade!”: food marketing, regulation and the young consumer

This paper aims to examine current regulatory initiatives on food marketing to young people and to highlight unique considerations when it comes to teenagers.This paper integrates the policy and public health literature with the literature on childhood studies and consumer studies.Since the policy goal is to mitigate the impact of food marketing on young people’s attitudes and behaviours, it is necessary to recognize the consumer competencies of teenagers and consider the social and symbolic meanings of food for them. It is suggested that radical media literacy, coupled with food literacy, is essential to navigating a complex food environment filled with promotional messages for ultra-processed foods.This analysis has implications for policy development.Consideration of age – in terms of different developmental competencies, motivating factors and additional initiatives to support healthy eating (such as teaching media literacy skills) – is necessary to policy development related to food marketing to children.Little research integrates the literature on food policy/regulation with the critical work on consumer studies/childhood studies. This commentary also directs attention to novel areas of consideration related to teenagers and food marketing.
A Controlled Study of the EEG in Anorexia Nervosa

The nutritional disturbance in anorexia nervosa almost invariably leads to striking physiological changes, which include amenorrhoea, bradycardia, hypotension and relative hypothermia with reversal of the usual diurnal temperature rhythm (Bliss and Branch, 1960; Mayer-Gross et al., 1960; Crisp and Roberts, 1962; Crisp, 1967a). Crisp (1965a, 1967a) has commented on the characteristic and excessive alertness, restlessness and insomnia displayed by anorexia nervosa patients, whom he regards as showing a specific type of malnutrition associated with carbohydrate starvation. Russell (1967) has also recently demonstrated that patients with this illness restrict especially their carbohydrate intake.
Factors affecting SME access to bank financing: an interview study with Turkish bankers

ABSTRACT This qualitative study sets out to determine from the perspective of bankers the factors that affect SME access to bank loans. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Turkish bank managers, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews. The results revealed that the commitment of an SME to its credit obligations, combined with its financial data, affects its access to bank loans. Banks evaluate the adequacy of equity for the area of activity, the profitability of the firm, its debt ratio and current ratio, and the firm’s ability to generate sufficient cash flow. Other factors that affect access to bank loans include the length of the firm’s relationship with the bank, the industry in which the firm operates, the age of the firm and impressions gained from on-site visits. Firms that have a long-term relationship with the bank and older firms have better access to bank loans. Moreover, manufacturing sector SMEs have easier bank financing accessibility.
Hybrid method to extract striation features from ship noise spectrogram

The features of interference striations excited by a passing ship are strongly determined by the acoustic waveguide properties. These striation position and orientation have been used for environmental inverse problems. The ship noise spectrogram can be very noisy due to measurement conditions, i.e., high ambient noise level or transmission loss noise. It is necessary to enhance the underlying interference structure before extracting the striation features of interest. A hybrid image processing method is introduced in this paper for interference structure enhancement. It first uses a Gabor filter bank to provide the local image intensity maximum value in different directions, and then locally equalizes the resulting image. Different ship noise data sets from different experiments are processed by the proposed method. Preliminary results demonstrate that the hybrid method can effectively identify striations in both low and high frequency regions, especially for the data set collected under particularly difficult measurement conditions due to strong current, surface wave, high ambient noise level, complex time-varying source spectrum, etc. Consequently, better estimates of the position and orientation of local striations can be obtained, which will likely improve the accuracy of striation-based inversion techniques.
Complement C5-inhibiting therapy for the thrombotic microangiopathies: accumulating evidence, but not a panacea

Abstract Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), characterized by organ injury occurring consequent to severe endothelial damage, can manifest in a diverse range of diseases. In complement-mediated atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) a primary defect in complement, such as a mutation or autoantibody leading to over activation of the alternative pathway, predisposes to the development of disease, usually following exposure to an environmental trigger. The elucidation of the pathogenesis of aHUS resulted in the successful introduction of the complement inhibitor eculizumab into clinical practice. In other TMAs, although complement activation may be seen, its role in the pathogenesis remains to be confirmed by an interventional trial. Although many case reports in TMAs other than complement-mediated aHUS hint at efficacy, publication bias, concurrent therapies and in some cases the self-limiting nature of disease make broader interpretation difficult. In this article, we will review the evidence for the role of complement inhibition in complement-mediated aHUS and other TMAs.
From Birth to Death: The Complex Lives of Eukaryotic mRNAs

Recent work indicates that the posttranscriptional control of eukaryotic gene expression is much more elaborate and extensive than previously thought, with essentially every step of messenger RNA (mRNA) metabolism being subject to regulation in an mRNA-specific manner. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of eukaryotic gene expression requires an appreciation for how the lives of mRNAs are influenced by a wide array of diverse regulatory mechanisms.
Cell Kinetic Study of Tamoxifen Treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB 468 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Apoptosis could be a major mechanism of antitumor effect of tamoxifen. Therefore this study is designed to characterize the kinetic behavior of tamoxifen -induced apoptosis in the estrogen receptor positive (ER + ) and negative (ER - ) cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. Frequency of cell death was examined by trypan blue and acridine orange staining. Annexin V -Fluorescein/PI was used in flow cytometry for distinguishing the dividing , apoptotic and necrotic cells and Hoechst 33258 staining was also applied to detect apoptotic changes in the nuclear morphology. The results showed that tamoxifen was able to induce apoptosis in both cell lines (  2 test, P<0.05). In contrast to the MCF-7 cells, which responded to the low concentrations of tamoxifen (0.5-1 M), the treated MDA-MB-468 cells were affected at 20  M ( 2 test, P<0.05). However, the kinetic data revealed that tamoxifen , at higher doses stimulates the ER + cell proliferation. This is the first study showing these opposite effects in the kinetics of tamoxifen treated cells. Therefore it may serve as a guideline for the precautionary evaluation of suggested high doses of tamoxifen. Iran. Biomed. J. 7 (2): 51-56, 2003
2,2′-[2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenebis(methyleneoxy)]dibenzoic acid

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C26H26O6, contains only a half-molecule, the other half being generated by an inversion center. The two carboxyphenoxymethyl units occupy the 1,4-positions of the central aromatic ring. The central ring and the six linked C atoms are almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0286 (17) Å, and the plane makes a dihedral angle of 75.50 (6)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups of adjacent molecules and C—H⋯π interactions link the molecules into zigzag chains along (220) and (10); the two types of chain are arranged alternately, forming a three-dimensional framework.
Viral Inhibition of BAK Promotes Murine Cytomegalovirus Dissemination to Salivary Glands

ABSTRACT Apoptosis induction is an important host defense mechanism to control viral infection, which is antagonized by viral proteins. Murine cytomegalovirus m41.1 encodes a viral inhibitor of BAK oligomerization (vIBO) that blocks the mitochondrial apoptosis mediator BAK. However, its importance for viral fitness in vivo has not been investigated. Here, we show that an m41.1-deficient virus attains reduced titers in salivary glands of wild-type but not Bak1 −/− mice, indicating a requirement of BAK inhibition for optimal dissemination in vivo.