Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General Innervation Pattern and Sensory Corpuscles in the Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament

The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) is biomechanically important in maintaining wrist motion and grip strength in the hand, but its possible sensory role in the dynamic muscular stability of the wrist joint has not been examined. The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemical methods to analyze the general innervation and the possible existence of sensory corpuscles in the SLIL. The ligament was excised in its entirety from 9 patients. Antibodies against the low-affinity p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75) were used to reveal sensory corpuscles as well as general innervation. Furthermore, antibodies against the general nerve marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and the glial marker S-100 were used to additionally depict innervation and corpuscular structures. Blood vessels occurred in areas interspersed throughout the homogenous collagenous structure. In these vascularized areas, the SLIL was found to be supplied with nerve fascicles and sensory corpuscles of both the Ruffini and lamellated type. p75 immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in association with the nerve fascicles and the corpuscles, particularly in their capsule. S-100 IR was found in the Schwann cells in the central regions of the corpuscle, and PGP 9.5 IR marked the axonal structures in the corpuscles. New information on neurotrophin receptor distribution in ligaments has been obtained here. The presence of nerve fascicles and particularly sensory corpuscles in the SLIL suggests that the ligament has a proprioceptive role in the stability of the wrist. The marked p75 IR further indicates that neurotrophins play a part in a proprioceptive system in the ligament, given the importance of neurotrophins in maintaining sensory function.
Chemical Profiling of Morinda Citrifolia Extract From Solvent and Soxhlet Extraction Method

Morinda citrifolia or noni fruit is a tropical tree grown in wide ranges of areas including Southeast Asia. In Thailand, it is named as "Yor", and consumed regularly as healthy beverages and foods because of its beneficial phytochemical compositions. In this study, chemical profiling analysis of M. citrifolia extract was performed to investigate the potential use of M. citrifolia by using solvent and soxhlet extraction method. Different types of solvents (methanol, ethanol and hexane) were used here to differentially pull out the active compounds. The methanolic extract in soxhlet extraction provided the most extraction yield. The chemical profiles obtained from soxhlet extraction and solvent extraction here were quite similar but the selectivity and yield of soxhlet extraction were showed to be more efficient than solvent extraction. Based on chemical profiling, it was demonstrated that M. citrifolia is the source of vitamin E, scopoletin, and phenolic compounds suggesting its potential to be applied in pharmaceutical and food sections.
An AOA critical issue. The outcome of the outcomes movement.

We all expect to lead healthy, productive lives with ready access to an effective health-care system1. An aging population, new technologies, and competition for resources have led to a worldwide crisi in health care. As such, health-care interventions have come under increasing scrutiny2. Health-care providers are interested in how good an intervention is and whether it is cost-effective3. The outcomes movement has evolved to answer many of these questions in a scientifically valid manner. The outcomes movement has revolutionized clinical research, and there is increased emphasis on the use of validated outcomes measures. New patient-specific, disease-specific, global health, functional capacity, and cost-to-utility outcome tools have been developed4-10. Exciting developments in the fields of national registries, small-area variations, and evidence-based medicine have occurred11,12. Blinded, randomized clinical trials have been recognized as the gold standard of clinical investigations, removing bias by the patient and the treating physician3,13-18. This symposium examines the impact and status of outcomes research in orthopaedics. Three factors were pivotal in stimulating the outcomes movement. The first issue is the increasing cost of medical care. As a percentage of the gross national product, the cost of care, particularly in the United States, continues to rise1,15,19-22. The second issue concerns the appropriateness of care. Several studies have suggested that up to 30% of some surgical procedures are inappropriate23-25. Eliminating inappropriate surgery has the potential to contain rising costs. The third factor is the phenomenon of geographic area variation, whereby the rates of surgical procedures vary according to where people live26,27. The Dartmouth Atlas of Musculoskeletal Health Care shows substantial regional variations in the use …
Does the work role of Catholic clergy in Ireland contribute to the disenfranchisement of their grief?

While bereavement-related compassion fatigue and burnout have been studied in many helping professions, this researcher has found no peer-reviewed articles based specifically on bereavement experiences of Roman Catholic (RC) clergy in Ireland and only a handful on experiences of other religious ministers worldwide. There is a clear gap in research with regard to clergy experiences of personal or professional grief, the possible effects this may have on them, or the supports they use to help them cope. Peer support, some form of mentoring/supervision, and debriefing may help clergy to recognize their own grief, have it acknowledged by others, and recognize their personal strengths and limitations. While prevention of burnout is important to individual clergy, it is also vital for the health of the wider Church and formal support structures may be necessary as part of the Church’s duty of care towards its clergy.
Regulation of the synthesis of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase in Escherichia coli: specific activity of the enzyme in relationship to perturbations of DNA replication

Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDP reductase) activity was found to greatly increase after a shift to the nonpermissive temperature in Escherichia coli mutants temperature sensitive for DNA elongation (dnaE dnaG dnaZ lig) or DNA initiation (dnaA dnaC dnaI). However, the kinetics of increase in RDP reductase after a shift to nonpermissive conditions were significantly different in initiation-defective mutants compared with elongation-defective mutants. In strains without defects in DNA metabolism, the specific activity of RDP reductase was found to increase with increasing growth rate. Nutritional shifts to faster growth conditions caused cells to transiently overproduce RDP reductase before adjusting to the new steady-state conditions.
Adolescent maternal mortality in Sokoto, Nigeria

The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of adolescent maternal deaths at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto. We also studied the associated and causative factors, and recommended strategies for their prevention. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of adolescent maternal deaths that occurred at UDUTH, Sokoto from January 1990 to December 1999. There were 946 live births (LB) from adolescents and 46 maternal deaths during the study period. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in adolescents was 4863/100 000 LB and 2151/100 000 LB in the general hospital population. The mean age of the adolescents who died was 17 years. Risk factors incuded absence of routine antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum care, illiteracy and poverty. Eclampsia and prolonged obstructed labour were responsible for 76% of deaths. Abortion was an uncommon cause of maternal death in adolescents. There is an unacceptably high level of maternal mortality in adolescents at UDUTH, Sokoto. Tragically, most deaths are preventable.
Suppression of the rat microglia Kv1.3 current by src‐family tyrosine kinases and oxygen/glucose deprivation

Microglia activate following numerous acute insults to the brain, including oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), and both protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and K+ channels have been implicated in their activation. We identified Kv1.3 (voltage‐gated potassium channel) protein in cultured rat microglia and confirmed that the native current is biophysically and pharmacologically similar to Kv1.3. To explore whether src‐family PTKs regulate the microglial Kv current, we first heterologously expressed Kv1.3 in a microglia‐like cell line derived from neonatal rat brain (MLS‐9). The resulting large Kv1.3 current was eliminated by co‐transfecting the constitutively active PTK, v‐src, then rapidly restored by the PTK inhibitor, lavendustin A. Acute activation of endogenous src kinases by a peptide activator significantly reduced the current, an effect that was mimicked by OGD. Similarly, in primary cultures of rat microglia, the endogenous Kv1.3‐like current was inhibited by activating endogenous src‐family PTKs and by OGD. Biochemical analysis showed that OGD increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of native Kv1.3 protein, which was alleviated by PTK inhibitors or reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Conversely, the basal level of Kv1.3 phosphorylation was decreased by PTK inhibitors or scavengers of ROS. Together, our results point to a post‐insertional downregulation of the microglial Kv1.3‐like current by oxidative stress and tyrosine phosphorylation. This interaction may be facilitated by a multiprotein complex because, in cultured microglia, the endogenous Kv1.3 and src proteins both bind to the scaffolding protein, post‐synaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95). By associating with, and phosphorylating Kv1.3, src is well positioned to regulate microglial responses to oxidative stress.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Survivorship and outcomes

Improvements in the treatment of childhood cancer have resulted in over 360,000 survivors of childhood cancer in the U.S. There is now a heightened recognition of the need to reduce treatment‐related sequelae and optimize the quality of life of children treated for cancer. Survivorship studies conducted in the cooperative group setting have provided us with important information on long‐term intellectual function, organ toxicity, reproductive outcomes, second cancers, late mortality, and disparities in outcomes. Ongoing health education initiatives have helped standardize the follow‐up care for childhood cancer survivors and facilitate the early transfer of health‐related information to patients, families, and healthcare providers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1063–1068. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency Therapy with Intradermal Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Periorbital Rejuvenation

Background: For periorbital rejuvenation, injection of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) is known to improve both static as well as dynamic wrinkles. A microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) device was recently developed and is a novel and promising tool. Objective: This study compares the effects of these two treatment modalities on periorbital static wrinkles and lines. Methods: Twelve healthy women aged 20-59 years with periorbital wrinkles participated in this study. Each patient received one session of intradermal injection of BoNT/A on the left periorbital area and three sessions of MFR on the right. Clinical improvement, skin elasticity and subjective satisfaction were evaluated at every visit (baseline, 3, 6 and 18 weeks). Results: BoNT/A injection showed superior effects at 3 and 6 weeks. However, the MFR device showed better improvement at 18 weeks. In skin biopsies, the expression of procollagen 3 and elastin was increased on the MFR side compared to the untreated skin and the BoNT/A injection side. The patient satisfaction surveys at 3 weeks showed better satisfaction on the BoNT/A treatment side compared to the MFR treatment side. At 18 weeks, there were no significant differences in patient satisfaction between the two sides. Conclusion: BoNT/A injection rapidly improved periorbital wrinkles, but the effect decreased up to week 18. Compared to BoNT/A injection, MFR therapy showed gradual and long-term improvement in periorbital rejuvenation.
Postzygotic incompatibilities between the pupfishes, Cyprinodon elegans and Cyprinodon variegatus: hybrid male sterility and sex ratio bias

I examined the intrinsic postzygotic incompatibilities between two pupfishes, Cyprinodon elegans and Cyprinodon variegatus. Laboratory hybridization experiments revealed evidence of strong postzygotic isolation. Male hybrids have very low fertility, and the survival of backcrosses into C. elegans was substantially reduced. In addition, several crosses produced female‐biased sex ratios. Crosses involving C. elegans females and C. variegatus males produced only females, and in backcrosses involving hybrid females and C. elegans males, males made up approximately 25% of the offspring. All other crosses produced approximately 50% males. These sex ratios could be explained by genetic incompatibilities that occur, at least in part, on sex chromosomes. Thus, these results provide strong albeit indirect evidence that pupfish have XY chromosomal sex determination. The results of this study provide insight on the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms, particularly the role of Haldane's rule and the ‘faster‐male’ theory in taxa lacking well‐differentiated sex chromosomes.
The influence of the components of storytelling blogs on readers' travel intentions

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine how storytelling blogs affect readers’ intention to adopt travel products.Design/methodology/approach – The present study proposes a storytelling framework based on heuristic theory for examining the characteristics and key components of a story that can affect the reader’s potential future behavior. An empirical study involving 368 subjects was conducted to test this model.Findings – The results indicated that the elements of storytelling blogs, “perceived aesthetics”, “narrative structure”, and “self‐reference”, can indirectly influence readers’ intention through empathy and attitude. In particular, “perceived aesthetics” had the strongest direct effect on attitude and total effect on intention. Nevertheless, the control variables, age, gender, and frequency of searching for information about travel online, did not influence the intention.Practical implications – The proposed framework can be used by enterprises to develop storytelling blogs for marke.
Effects of intramuscular injection of a sublethal dose of the Egyptian cobra snake on the histological and histochemical pattern of the kidney.

The effects of intramuscular (i.m.) injection of a sub-lethal dose of cobra venom (0.015 microgram/gm body weight) on the histological and histochemical patterns of the kidney of rabbit were examined after 3, 6, and 12 hr. of envenomation. The histological observations after 3 hr. of envenomation showed glomerular congestion together with slight swelling of the cortical tubular epithelia. However, no changes were recorded in the medullar tubules. Serious alterations were recorded after 6 hr. of envenomation. It included thickening of the Bowman's capsules, signs of mesangiolysis, and glomerular collapse. The cortical tubular epithelia were swollen and revealed cytoplasmic granulation, coagulation, or depletion. Nuclear pyknosis and cellular damage were recorded in some areas. The medullar tubules showed cytoplasmic degeneration with no nuclear changes. By 12 hr. of envenomation a higher degree of severity was recorded. The glomerular tufts were hypertrophied or suffered from partial damage. Mesangiolysis and glomerulolysis were common and some glomerular tufts were completely transformed to clumps of hyaline casts. The cortical tubules showed hyaline coagulation, together with severe tubular damage in which the boundaries of the individual tubule cannot be identified. Numerous inflammatory cells were observed invading the damaged epithelial cells and the intertubular spaces. The medullar tubules showed swollen epithelia with cytoplasmic changes and nuclear pyknosis or karyolysis. Histochemically, the polysaccharide inclusion was increased in the glomerular tufts, the Bowman's capsules, and the basement membranes and brush borders of the renal tubules after 3 and 6 hr. of envenomation. By 12 hr. of envenomation, decreased PAS reactivity was recorded in all renal components except the glomerular tufts which exhibited intensive reactivity. Time-dependent depletion of lipid, protein, and RNA components was recorded in the renal tissues of the three envenomed groups. However, no changes in DNA reactivity were detected in renal tissues of the 3 hr. envenomed group. The nuclei of certain renal tubules revealed weak DNA reactivity after 6 hr. of envenomation, while most of the nuclei lost their contents by 12 hr. of envenomation. The results indicated serious histological and histochemical alterations induced in the renal tissues by 6 hr. of envenomation. Such alterations could indicate a disturbance in the functional activity of the kidney during envenomation. Therefore, nephrotoxicity should be considered as one of the serious consequences of such venom.
Study of Respiratory Muscle Strength, Vital Capacity, and Ventilometry in the Postoperative Period of Spinal Surgery by Posterior Access

Study Design. Prospective. Objective. To analyze tidal volume (TV), minute volume (VE), respiratory frequency (f), vital capacity (VC), maximal inspiratory (PImax), and expiratory (PEmax) pressures in patients submitted to spinal surgery for tumor or herniated disc by posterior access, and to investigate a possible association of respiratory function with surgery duration, site of surgical access, and diagnosis. Summary of Background Data. A reduction in pulmonary volumes is usually seen in patients submitted to thoracic or upper abdominal surgery, and recent studies have demonstrated such alterations during the postoperative period in patients submitted to craniotomy. Methods. A total of 45 patients (mean age, 42 ± 14 years) were submitted to spinal surgery in an University Hospital, and TV, VC, MV, f, PImax, and PEmax were measured in the preoperative period, and in the first and second postoperative days. Results. Patients submitted to spinal surgery showed a decrease in the first and second postoperative days in VC, respectively (17% and 10%), TV (18% and 13%), PImax (17% and 12%), PEmax (12% and 7%), and an increase in f (18% and 12%) (P < 0.05). Reduction in TV, VC, PImax, and PEmax and the increase in f were associated with surgical time ≥240 minutes, diagnosis of tumor, and cervicothoracic surgical access (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Alterations in the respiratory function in the postoperative period of elective spinal surgery by posterior access for tumor removal or herniated disc were related to surgical time ≥240 minutes, tumor, or cervicothoracic surgical access.
The effects of a beef‐based meal compared to a calorie matched bean‐based meal on appetite and food intake (640.2)

Protein and fiber have strong satiety‐inducing potential. Beef is a high quality, protein‐rich food. Beans contain moderate levels of protein as well as fiber. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a high protein meal (beef) compared to a moderate protein, high fiber meal (beans) on subjective appetite and energy intake at a subsequent meal. Twenty‐eight adults, 14 men (ages 24±5y, BMI 23±2 kg/m2) and 14 women (ages 25±5y, BMI 22±2 kg/m2) consumed two test lunches including a “meatloaf” made from either beef or beans. The beef meal provided 22 grams of protein and 2 grams of fiber while the bean meal provided 14 grams of protein and 10 grams of fiber. An ad libitum snack was given 3 hours after the test meal. Visual analogue scales were used to assess hunger, satiety, fullness, and prospective food intake. Gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance was assessed over 24 hours. No difference between the beef and bean was observed for appetite ratings over 3 hours, food intake at the subsequent meal (632±75 kcal vs 611±75 kcal, respectively), or sum of GI score (2.2±0.5 vs 2.9±0.5, respectively). Gas and bloating were reported more often after the bean meal than the beef meal (2.0±0.4 vs 1.3±0.4, p‐value 0.057). A beef‐based meal with high protein and a bean‐based meal with moderate protein and high fiber produced similar satiety, while the bean‐based meal resulting in higher, yet moderate, gas and bloating.
Changes of biochemical constituents in bovine fetal fluids with gestational age.

Serum, amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, stomach contents, and urine were taken from 141 bovine fetuses 120 to 245 days old. The concentrations of the biochemical constituents were examined in tests to ascertain systematic changes with increasing crown-rump length, i.e., gestational age. As the crown-rump length increased, glucose concentrations decreased in allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid, and stomach contents; creatinine and uric acid concentrations increased in serum, allantoic fluid, and stomach contents; thyroxine concentrations increased in serum and allantoic fluid; potassium decreased in amniotic fluid and stomach contents; and total iron-binding capacity increased in amniotic fluid. The data in the present report can be used to identify the fetal fluid obtained by amniocentesis, to estimate the age of the fetus, and to aid the diagnosis of nutritional or infective processes that might affect the fetus.
Binding and action of insulin-like growth factors and insulin in bovine luteal tissue during the oestrous cycle.

The effect of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin on the release of progesterone and oxytocin from bovine corpus luteum was investigated at early (days 5-7), mid- (days 8-12) and late (days 15-18) luteal phases of the oestrous cycle in an in vitro microdialysis system. The expression of specific receptors was evaluated in bovine corpora lutea of the respective luteal stages. A 30 min infusion of IGF-1, IGF-2 (1.3, 13 and 130 nmol l-1) or insulin (13, 130 and 1300 nmol l-1) caused a stimulation of the release of progesterone (P < 0.05). IGF-1 was most effective in releasing progesterone. Oxytocin release from corpora lutea was stimulated by insulin at all doses tested (13-1300 nmol l-1), whereas the IGFs were only effective at the highest dose (130 nmol l-1) applied. The high doses of IGFs (130 nmol l-1) and insulin (1300 nmol l-1) stimulated the release of progesterone and oxytocin throughout the luteal phase (P < 0.05). For all three peptides, greatest stimulation was seen during the late luteal phase (days 15-18 of the oestrous cycle) with the peak of progesterone release directly related to peptide infusion (P < 0.05). In addition, IGF-1 stimulated total release of progesterone (units in 4 h) after the beginning of the stimulation during this phase (P < 0.05). IGF-1 caused a gradual increase of progesterone even beyond the time of peptide perfusion, whereas IGF-2 and insulin stimulated progesterone release only during the peptide perfusion. Distinct receptors for IGF-1 and IGF-2 were present in corpora lutea membrane preparations at all stages investigated. Specific binding for insulin was also seen in all stages of the cycle without any cycle-dependent changes in the amount of binding. The displacement of labelled insulin by unlabelled IGF-1 and IGF-2 did not show the rank of order that has been described as typical for insulin receptors (i.e. insulin > IGF-1 > IGF-2), but comparable binding affinities were observed for the three unlabelled ligands. Specific binding of IGF-2 was markedly higher than that of IGF-1 or insulin throughout the cycle (1.9- and 4.9-fold higher compared with IGF-1 and insulin, respectively). Receptor specificity did not change during luteal development. Binding affinity and capacity of IGF-1 receptor was constant throughout the oestrous cycle. Specific IGF-2 binding increased and showed a positive co-operativity towards the end of the cycle. Specific binding of insulin was not significantly different in the three luteal stages examined.