Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which organisational changes are most beneficial for firm innovation

This paper identifies which types of organisational HRM changes are most beneficial for firm innovation by using a treatment effects analysis and a large dataset of firms from emerging economies. The paper finds that organisational changes have a positive disruptive effect on firm product innovation outcomes. However, there is an organisational change hierarchy - where some HRM practices are more important than others. HRM practices that involve engaging with external partners, via collaboration and outsourcing have the largest effect on product innovation outcomes.
The Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Associates with the sst2 Somatostatin Receptor and Is an Essential Component of sst2-mediated Inhibitory Growth Signaling*

Activation of the somatostatin receptor sst2, a member of the Gi protein-coupled receptor family, results in the stimulation of a protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity involved in the sst2-mediated growth inhibitory signal. Here, we report that SHP-1, a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase containing two Src homology 2 domains constitutively associated with sst2 as evidence by coprecipitation of SHP-1 protein with sst2, in Chinese hamster ovary cells coexpressing sst2 and SHP-1. Activation of sst2 by somatostatin resulted in a rapid dissociation of SHP-1 from sst2 accompanied by an increase of SHP-1 activity. SHP-1 was phosphorylated on tyrosine in control cells and somatostatin induced a rapid and transient dephosphorylation on tyrosine residues of the enzyme. Stimulation of SHP-1 activity by somatostatin was abolished by pertussis toxin pretreatment of cells. Giα3 was specifically immunoprecipitated by anti-sst2 and anti-SHP-1 antibodies, and somatostatin induced a rapid dissociation of Giα3 from sst2, suggesting that Giα3 may be involved in the sst2·SHP-1 complexes. Finally, somatostatin inhibited the proliferation of cells coexpressing sst2 and SHP-1, and this effect was suppressed in cells coexpressing sst2 and the catalytic inactive SHP-1 (C453S mutant). Our data identify SHP-1 as the tyrosine phosphatase associated with sst2 and demonstrate that this enzyme may be an initial key transducer of the antimitogenic signaling mediated by sst2.
The early development of the interorbital septum and the fate of the anterior orbital cartilages in birds.

In most reptiles and almost all birds there is a thin vertical sheet of skeletal material between the orbits known as the interorbital septum which is continuous in front with the nasal septum. In reptiles the interorbital septum remains cartilaginous and there are usually fenestrae in it filled with membrane; in birds it often becomes to a large extent ossified although fenestrae may still occur. There is evidence that in the embryo the interorbital septum is derived, partly at least, from the fusion of two pairs of cartilaginous or procartilaginous primordia; the preoptic roots of the orbital cartilages above, and the trabeculae below (see Bellairs, 1949). It would also seem, however, that in some forms at least, the interorbital septum has a third component which develops in the midline between the trabeculae and merges with them and the orbital cartilages to form the definitive interorbital septum.
Osteopenia and Diabetes

Although loss of bone mineral i s not generally regarded as one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus there i s considerable evidence that diabetic patients have lower bone mass than normal subjects. Since these changes in bone mass are frequently insufficient to lead to fracture they are more correctly described as osteopenia rather than osteoporosis but may still be of clinical significance in diabetic management. This review seeks to examine the evidence for the presence of osteopenia in diabetic patients and to discuss i ts possible pathogenesis and consequences. In doing this only osteopenia occurring as a generalized phenomenon will be considered and localized bone loss such as may occur in association with neuropathy will not be discussed.
Brain dopamine neurone ‘damage’: methamphetamine users vs. Parkinson's disease – a critical assessment of the evidence

The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence that recreational methamphetamine exposure might damage dopamine neurones in human brain, as predicted by experimental animal findings. Brain dopamine marker data in methamphetamine users can now be compared with those in Parkinson's disease, for which the Oleh Hornykiewicz discovery in Vienna of a brain dopamine deficiency is established. Whereas all examined striatal (caudate and putamen) dopamine neuronal markers are decreased in Parkinson's disease, levels of only some (dopamine, dopamine transporter) but not others (dopamine metabolites, synthetic enzymes, vesicular monoamine transporter 2) are below normal in methamphetamine users. This suggests that loss of dopamine neurones might not be characteristic of methamphetamine exposure in at least some human drug users. In methamphetamine users, dopamine loss was more marked in caudate than in putamen, whereas in Parkinson's disease, the putamen is distinctly more affected. Substantia nigra loss of dopamine‐containing cell bodies is characteristic of Parkinson's disease, but similar neuropathological studies have yet to be conducted in methamphetamine users. Similarly, it is uncertain whether brain gliosis, a common feature of brain damage, occurs after methamphetamine exposure in humans. Preliminary epidemiological findings suggest that methamphetamine use might increase risk of subsequent development of Parkinson's disease. We conclude that the available literature is insufficient to indicate that recreational methamphetamine exposure likely causes loss of dopamine neurones in humans but does suggest presence of a striatal dopamine deficiency that, in principle, could be corrected by dopamine substitution medication if safety and subject selection considerations can be resolved.
The psychometric properties of exercise benefits/barriers scale among women

Background and objective Despite the numerous health benefits of regular physical activity (PA), physical inactivity is a major health issue among women. The goal of the current study was to measure the validity and reliability assessment of the exercise benefits/barriers scale among women between the ages of 18 and 65 years. This study was carried out among women residing in Khoramroudi neighborhood in Tehran between December 2013 and February 2014. Methods In this descriptive, methodological study, 278 women residing in Khoramroudi neighborhood in Tehran between December 2013 and February 2014 completed three questionnaires: the demographic data form, the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale. The construct validity, internal consistency, and stability of the study were measured by confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach’s alpha, and Spearman Brown correlation coefficient by using SPSS 21 and LISREL 8.80, respectively. Results The confirmatory factor analysis showed the Persian version of EBBS was structured well. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the total scale and its subscales were 0.927, 0.94 and 0.82, respectively. Spearman Brown correlation coefficient also showed good test-retest reliability. Conclusion The results of this study verified the reliability and validity of the applied instrument and introduced it as a tool to measure the benefits and barriers of physical activity among Iranian women.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN AKUNTANSI DAN KEPRIBADIAN WIRAUSAHA TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL PADA PERUSAHAAN DAGANG DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

This study aims to examine empirically impact of independent variable which consists of accounting knowledge and entrepreneurship behavior, affecting the dependent variable of managerial performance at trading companies in Banjarmasin city, either simultaneously or partially. Analyses was conducted on 44 respondents to answer the research instruments that delivered to financial manager at the trading companies which classified as trade of construction material and building material in Banjarmasin city. Hypothesis testing studies conducted by multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that simultaneously both accounting knowledge and entrepreneurship behavior variable have a positive and significant influence to the managerial performance. While partially, indicated that the accounting knowledge have shown a positive but no significant influence to the managerial performance, and entrepreneurship behavior have a positive and significant influence to the managerial performance at trading companies in Banjarmasin city.
When is Good News Not Good News? Opening Up the Black Box of Innovation for Family Firms

This paper examines the incentives for family firms to innovate. We argue that, due to the wealth concentration of major shareholders, family firms are incentivized to diversify their risk through innovation. In particular, family firms use innovation to explore new (as opposed to existing) fields of business. Using a comprehensive sample of U.S. family-owned public firms and patents for the period from 1998 to 2010, we confirm that family ownership is positively (negatively) related to exploratory (exploitative) innovation. Tests based on instrumental variables regression (divorce laws of family firms' headquarter states or neighboring states) and regulatory shocks in inheritance taxes further offer a causal interpretation. Market prices, however, respond negatively to family firms' exploratory innovation, suggesting that such innovation may benefit major shareholders of family firms at the cost of minority shareholders. Our results suggest that risk-mitigation incentives play an important role in affecting innovation strategies, which may have subtle implications for investors in financial markets.
Review of Susac syndrome

Purpose of review The quest to better understand Susac syndrome has led to advancements in different aspects of the disease. The present article reviews the current literature on the clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities and trends in the management of Susac syndrome. Recent findings The pathogenesis of Susac syndrome still remains unclear. Fluorescein angiography demonstrates arterial wall hyperfluorescence of the arterioles at various locations along the course of the vessels suggesting a primary endotheliopathy. Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) provides evidence of focal retinal dysfunction related to branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Diffusion tensor imaging demonstrates widespread disruption in the normal appearing white matter with damage to the genu of the corpus callosum considered relatively specific for Susac syndrome. Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging failed to identify perfusion abnormalities with 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer in a patient with Susac syndrome. Summary Susac syndrome is a multisystemic microvascular occlusive endotheliopathy with suspected immune-mediated pathogenesis. The incidence may be more common than previously thought. Diagnosing Susac syndrome can be challenging, especially in patients presenting without all features of the clinical triad of encephalopathy, BRAO and hearing loss. Awareness of the condition, a high index of suspicion in any patient with unexplained encephalopathy, a dilated fundus examination, audiogram and typical MRI findings aid in the prompt diagnosis of the condition. Successful treatment has been documented with various immunosuppressive treatment regimens.
Public health, corporations and the new responsibility deal: promoting partnerships with vectors of disease?

The products of tobacco, alcohol and food industries are responsible for a significant and growing proportion of the global burden of disease. Smoking and alcohol combined account for 12.5% of global deaths and 19.5% in high-income countries, while six diet-related risk factors account for 13.6 and 17.5% of deaths, respectively. 1 Arguably the greatest challenge and opportunity for public health lies in reducing the contributions of tobacco use, unhealthy diet and harmful alcohol consumption to the rising global burden of non-communicable diseases. 2 This demonstrates a pressing need to improve our understanding of how corporations contribute to this disease burden, both directly through the promotion of products damaging to health and indirectly through influence over public policy. The concept of an industrial epidemic—an epidemic emerging from the commercializa-tion of potentially health-damaging products—lends itself to this purpose. 3,4 Adapting traditional public health constructs, it identifies the role of the host (the consumer), agent (the product, e.g. cigarettes, alcohol), environment and, crucially, the disease vector (the corporation). The vector analogy was first described in relation to the tobacco epidemic, 3 and tobacco control remains the only field where the commercial vector has been systematically studied. Analysis of millions of internal tobacco industry documents 5 has revealed the multiple strategies via which the tobacco industry has sought to and, often successfully, undermined public health policies. 6,7 Consequently, serious attention has been given to managing the conflicts of interest between public health and the tobacco industry. At global level, the World Health Organization (WHO) has actively sought to monitor and contain industry influence, with Article 5.3 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco (FCTC, WHO's first global public health treaty) requiring all 172 parties to the treaty, including the UK, to protect health policies 'from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry. ' 8 Yet WHO's approach to food and alcohol industries is strikingly different, with both its Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health 9 and new global alcohol strategy 10 assuming scope for partnership and cooperation that the FCTC precludes. Similarly in the UK, the food and alcohol industries have recently been invited to join a 'partnership' with government 11 from which the tobacco industry is excluded. The 'Public Health Responsibility Deal', on which, at the time of writing, limited details have emerged, 11,12 is heavily reliant on the concept of corporate social responsibility, with a clear presumption in favour of …
Firms' attributes determining auditors' remuneration: empirical evidence from Nigeria

There is scant evidence from developing economies on firms' attributes that determine auditors' remuneration. This paper investigates the relationship between auditors' remuneration and number of audit committee meetings, clients' familiarity, complexity, financial risk and age. Using data from 2010-2011 annual reports and financial statements of 70 quoted firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, the paper tests five hypotheses using multivariate techniques. The findings suggest that auditors' remuneration is positively significantly related to number of audit committee meetings, complexity, and financial risk whereas auditors' remuneration is inversely significantly related to familiarity. The finding indicates that there is no significant relationship between age and auditors' remuneration. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that firms should hold audit committee meetings only when necessary because external auditors build costs of attending meetings into their prices; and that firms should engage external auditors for more than one consecutive time because familiarity reduces auditors' remuneration.
Geriatric Anesthesia-related Morbidity and Mortality in China: Current Status and Trend

Objective: The population of elderly patients and the amount of geriatric anesthesia have been growing rapidly in China. Thus, understanding the morbidity and mortality associated with geriatric anesthesia in China is critical to the improvement of anesthesia quality and outcome. The aim of the review was to discuss the geriatric anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality in China, as well as to point out the future trend. Data Sources: Articles in this review were all searched from Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, based on the reports originated in China from January 2011 to December 2016. Study Selection: A total of 57 studies were selected for further study, including 12 retrospective studies, 35 prospective studies, 3 meta-analyses, 4 reviews, 1 viewpoint, and 2 case reports. Of the total studies, 42 studies were in Chinese while 15 were in English. Results: The mortality and morbidity associated with geriatric anesthesia in China are not yet completely reported. Some factors have been recognized, while some are yet to be identified and confirmed. Several studies addressed postoperative cognitive dysfunction and postoperative delirium, whereas only a few studies can be found on renal complications. Thus, a nationwide registry is essential for geriatric anesthesia-associated adverse outcomes. The mortality associated with geriatric anesthesia in China should be reported promptly. In the future, the perspective of geriatric anesthesia needs to be expanded into perioperative geriatric medicine to improve the perioperative management strategy based on the postoperative outcome-directed concept transformation. Conclusions: Anesthesiologists should evaluate the physiological and medical status and focus on the prevention of potential complications in the perioperative setting with the goal to enhance elderly patients’ long-term well-being and survival quality.
Modeling of Respiration Rate of Fresh Date Fruits ( Barhi Cultivar ) Under Aerobic Conditions

There is a demand to utilize modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for prolonging shelf life of fresh date fruits (Barhi cultivar at Khalal stage of maturity). Barhi fruits are good source of fiber, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins and have a sweet taste and popular in marketing. Respiration of the produce with proper gas exchange through the packaging films can create a modified atmosphere inside a package that can be utilized to extend the shelf life of fresh dates at Khalal stage of maturity. Modeling of respiration rate is a crucial tool to design a proper modified atmosphere packaging system of fresh dates. The present study was conducted to determine the respiration rate of fresh Dates (Barhi cultivar) fruits in a closed system at temperatures 1, 5, 15 and 25 °C, and to develop and test a mathematical model for predicting the respiration rate of the date fruits as a function of O2 and CO2 concentrations, time, and storage temperature. The respiration data corresponding to different temperatures indicated that rise in temperature increased the respiration rate. However, respiration rates were found to decrease with time in the range of temperatures examined. This could be attributed to the decrease in O2 and proportional increase in CO2 as the time progress. A mathematical model was developed based on the respiration data measured and calculated at different temperatures and time interval using the closed system method. The model showed good agreement with the experimentally data with R values above 0.973.
Ethical decision making on truth telling in terminal cancer: medical students' choices between patient autonomy and family paternalism

Introduction The effect of medical education is often hard to evaluate. We tried to assess whether a 2‐hour, small‐group discussion could alter student perspectives on truth telling. Currently, in Taiwan it is common practice to consult with the family of a terminally ill patient before telling the truth to the patient, which may be in conflict with patient autonomy.
NEW ZEALAND CEO COMPENSATION FACTORS

This paper analyses a combination of factors to try and determine whether they explain CEO compensation, and in turn help determine what makes the board of directors more effective. Factors include busy boards, local or international board members, dependent and not independent board members, director’s pay and tenure variables. Of the new and old factors considered in this approach and using a sample size of 31 NZ firms over the 2006/2007 years, a correlation existed between firm size/firm performance and CEO compensation. Further distinctions in regards to busy boards showed no significant relationship to CEO compensation, differing from previous studies, and casting doubt on whether it matters how busy the board is. Also the locality of the board was not a determining factor in CEO compensation.
Executive compensation and capital structure

ABSTRACT We examine the relation between capital structure decision and the incentive power of executive compensation that contains both cash and equity components. Our analytical model shows that executive compensation motivates CEOs to pursue more aggressive capital structure policy. However, as firm leverage reaches a certain level, further incentive from compensation cannot motivate CEOs to borrow more. Our findings thus provide an explanation to the mixed evidence of the relation documented in the literature by showing that the relation also depends on the level of firm leverage. Our empirical analysis confirms the predictions of our model that executive compensation provides strong incentive for CEOs to choose high firm leverage. However, firms with high leverage tend to offer CEO compensation with lower incentive power. Subperiod analysis shows that the magnitude of the relation changes with time, while the nature of the relation still holds over the subsample periods. Also, the relation changes with the level of leverage. It is positive when firm leverage is high, but it becomes negative when firm leverage is low.
Desaturase expression in human cells: A new biomarker for fatty acid status?

In the present issue of the journal, J. E. Slagsvold, K. Thorstensen, M. Kvitland, M. Mack and K. S. Bjerve [1] investigate whether supply of essential fatty acids can regulate the expression of fatty acid desaturases in cultured human HL60 cells. These cells are closely related to leucocytes, which can easily be obtained from routine blood samples. Indeed, there is no reliable laboratory diagnostic method of investigating whether patients have a suboptimal dietary supply that with time can result in clinically overt essential fatty acid deficiency if not corrected. The question is of importance, and there is no other method of expressing the essential fatty acid status of the body than analysis of plasma fatty acids. Likewise, when studying the relationship between erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition and dietary fat in relation to age and body mass index, it has been shown that erythrocyte membrane levels of some specific fatty acids can be used as biomarkers of these fatty acids as proportions of dietary fat [2]. Moreover, it has been shown that serum fatty acid composition is predictive of the long-term development of the metabolic syndrome [3]: it has been suggested that the quality of dietary fat has a role in development of the metabolic syndrome, but the possibility of altered fatty acid composition, partly secondary to genetic or hormonal factors, should also be considered. Then, a specific method other than fatty acid measurement would be helpful in characterizing the impact of diet on biological status. For example, a direct measurement of desaturase gene expression, e.g. delta-5 desaturase, might be particularly important in this process. Human mRNA expression of desaturases has already been studied in subcutaneous adipose tissue [4] and in skeleted muscle [5], but the technique requires the use of biopsies. In a recent study [6], mRNA expression of desaturases and elongases has been studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Nevertheless, the level of expression of both delta-6 and delta-5 desaturases has rarely been studied in humans. The measurement of human desaturase mRNA expression may therefore serve as a marker of cellular fatty acid (FA) status. Consequently, measuring changes in desaturase expression in human cells might expand our understanding of the mechanisms behind the diverse biological effects of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The use of mRNA desaturase expression as