Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diseases and causes of mortality in a camel (Camelus dromedarius) dairy farm in Saudi Arabia

The diseases and causes of mortality reported in this study were encountered, throughout one year (July 2001 – June 2002), in a dairy camel farm in Al-Qassim region, central Saudi Arabia. The farm was specialized in the production and marketing of pasteurized camel milk. The camel population in the farm at the study period was composed of 2316 adult and weaned calves besides 126 suckling calves. As camels are usually raised under extensive range conditions, the purpose of this study was to describe and discuss the diseases and causes of mortality that were encountered in intensively kept dromedary camels. Throughout the period of study, 942 camels were affected with one or more disease condition giving a crude morbidity rate of 38.6%. The ten most common diseases encountered among the camels of the farm were mange (22.6%), mastitis (20.9%), camel dermatophilosis (18.7%), "Heyam" syndrome (Trypanosomiasis? ) (14.5%), skin wounds and abscesses (4.2%), calf diarrhoea (4.1%), Diazinon toxicity (3.5%), snake bites (1.9%), respiratory complaints (1.8%) and papilloma virus infection (1.7%). Other diseases encountered included eye affections (1.2%), metritis (1%), uterine prolapse (1%), retained placenta (0.7%), bone fractures (0.6%), urea intoxication (0.5%), abortions (0.5%) and dystochia (0.4%). During the period of study, 180 camels died giving a crude mortality rate of 7.4%. The most common causes of mortality recorded in the camel farm were "Heyam" syndrome (53.3%), Diazinon toxicity (15%), snake bites (10%), calf diarrhea (8.9%), undiagnosed cases (5%), bone fractures (3.3%), urea intoxication (2.8%), uterine prolapse (1.1%) and dystochias (0.6%).
Anthropometric, morphological and somatotype characteristics of athletes of the Brazilian Men’s volleyball team: an 11-year descriptive study

This study analyzed the anthropometric and morphological characteristics ofthe adult male players in the Brazilian volleyball team for 11 years. The sample comprised 92 athletes selected for the national team from 1995 to 2005. Anthropometric measures were collected and body composition and somatotype components were estimated. Oneway ANOVA and the Bonferroni test were used for descriptive statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. Along the 11 years, there was a significant increase in the flexed arm perimeter, humerus diameter and lean mass. Skinfold thickness and percent body fat tended to decrease. Height increased and was greater than 1.97 m. The somatotype of the volleyball players in the Brazilian team changed along the years. Ectomorphic and mesomorphic somatotypes were the most frequent. In 11 years, the athletes selected for the Brazilian team had an increase in body mass and a decrease in skinfold thickness and percent body fat. The most frequent anthropometric classifications were mesomorph-ectomorph for five years, followed by mesomorphic-ectomorph for three years, which suggests that greater height and low body fat were taken into consideration when selecting athletes for the national team
Gaps in Ancillary Services among HIV-infected Substance Using Ryan-White Recipients in Los Angeles County

Substance use among HIV-infected individuals is strongly correlated with increased morbidity and mortality, with four out of ten AIDS deaths directly related to substance abuse nationally. Historically, lower income HIV-infected persons in the United States access needed services through programs funded by the Ryan White (RW) Care Act, which acts as the payer of last resort for primary medical and ancillary service needs. This study examines the effects of substance use on ancillary service gaps (calculated as the difference between needed and received services) among a representative sample of RW recipients in Los Angeles County, California. The four aims were to: 1) describe the socio-demographic and service utilization characteristics of the population, 2) describe the role substance use plays in predicting service gaps, 3) investigate the role both stimulant use, and increased number of substances used, played at predicting service gaps among substance users and 4) investigate if newly identified service gap clusters differed by substance use behavior. Data from the 2011 Los Angeles Coordinated HIV/AIDS Needs Assessment (LACHNA) was utilized. Applied Individual levels weighting adjusted the effective sample size from 400 to 18,951 persons, similar to the 19,915 RW recipients in the system during the surveillance period. Among this sample 30% (119 unweighted, 5,743 weighted) reported recent substance use. Outcome measures of interest included the presence of service gaps (logistic regression) and the number of service gaps reported (Poisson regression). Comparisons of service utilization and socio-demographics characteristics between substance users and non-users revealed important differences in not only the number of gaps reported, but by age, gender and employment status as well. A series of logistic regression analysis revealed a consistent elevated risk of reporting a service gap (RR range: 2.87-3.45) among substance users. A secondary Poisson regression revealed risks among substance users for reporting an additional gap was less robust (RR range: 0.89-1.30). Among substance users those reporting both stimulant user (RR range: 1.54-1.75) and increased number of substances used (RR range: 1.32-1.56) were at similar increased risks for reporting additional service gaps. Substance users also reported increased needs for services related to secondary medical support (e.g., oral health and psychiatric services) as well as financial and housing assistance (e.g., section 8 housing and emergency shelter). Additionally, increased risks were also reported for those with current mental health conditions, female substance users and those reporting past lapses in care across multiple groups and models. These finding suggest that Ryan White providers should expand dissemination of available services system wide, as well as target interventions to specific populations not receiving adequate support services. This will ensure recipients are able to obtain the full spectrum of eligible services.
Supporting the individual needs of obese pregnant women: Effects of risk-management processes

Obesity is the UK's most prevalent antenatal comorbidity, and reducing rates of maternal obesity and risk management of complications in pregnancy and labour is a priority for the NHS. The emphasis on managing maternal obesity-related risks, rather than dealing with the causes of long-term obesity, is short-sighted and fails to consider the needs of the individual woman. This process of risk management is fuelled by the maternity services' costly litigation insurance that presents measures to manage obesity-related risks, leading to bureaucratic shaping of maternity services. This limits the choices for this group of women by standardising care rather than facilitating their individual needs. This article explores an alternative long-term strategy called Pregnancy Plus that facilitates the management of risk alongside supporting the needs of individual obese pregnant women, offering choice and equal access to maternity services while maintaining the safety of the women and their babies. Pregnancy Plus is .
Health Insurance Coverage and Health.

To the Editor: The Sounding Board article by Sommers et al. (Aug. 10 issue)1 should be a clarion call to all physicians that we have an obligation to speak clearly and loudly at the state level to eliminate senseless loss of life occurring because of a lack of insurance coverage. Since it now appears, fortunately, that Congress will not eliminate the potential for states to expand Medicaid, we need to enunciate the need to solve this public health crisis by expansion of Medicaid in all states. Those of us in the 19 nonexpansion states must be specific about the human costs of failure to extend health care coverage to the working poor. Data provided by Sommers and others2,3 indicate that in my small state of Idaho, where 78,000 citizens fall into the “gap,” one life per day could be saved by Medicaid expansion. In addition, as Sommers et al.1 indicate, with Medicaid expansion the number of lives saved increases over time as a result of what Gawande calls “the heroism of incremental care. ” 4 Physicians should be the most vocal advocates in this debate, fighting for the lives of our patients. That is our solemn duty. Kenneth E. Krell, M.D.
Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Colorado youth, 1998-2012.

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Colorado Youth, 1998-2012 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at time of type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis is life threatening and has detrimental long-term effects. It may reflect delayed access to health care, lower quality of care, or income inequality.1 In Scandinavian countries, incidence of DKA at diagnosis has decreased below 20%. 2 Little is known about long-term trends in the United States. We examined the temporal trends in DKA at T1D diagnosis between 1998 and 2012 in Colorado and factors associated with DKA.
Weight and Metabolic Outcomes 12 Years after Gastric Bypass.

1. Scully M, McDonald V, Cavenagh J, et al. A phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of rituximab with plasma exchange in acute acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2011; 118: 1746-53. 2. Hie M, Gay J, Galicier L, et al. Preemptive rituximab infusions after remission efficiently prevent relapses in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2014; 124: 204-10. 3. Lunardon L, Payne AS. Inhibitory human antichimeric antibodies to rituximab in a patient with pemphigus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130: 800-3. 4. Haarhaus ML, Svenungsson E, Gunnarsson I. Ofatumumab treatment in lupus nephritis patients. Clin Kidney J 2016; 9: 552-5. 5. Pers YM, Jorgensen C. Perspectives of ofatumumab as CD20 targeted therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Immunotherapy 2016; 8: 1091-6.
Pulmonary endoderm, second heart field and the morphogenesis of distal outflow tract in mouse embryonic heart

The second heart field (SHF), foregut endoderm and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway are all reported to associate with normal morphogenesis and septation of outflow tract (OFT). However, the morphological relationships of the development of foregut endoderm and expression of SHH signaling pathway members with the development of surrounding SHF and OFT are seldom described. In this study, serial sections of mouse embryos from ED9 to ED13 (midgestation) were stained with a series of marker antibodies for specifically highlighting SHF (Isl‐1), endoderm (Foxa2), basement membrane (Laminin), myocardium (MHC) and smooth muscle (α‐SMA) respectively, or SHH receptors antibodies including patched1 (Ptc1), patched2 (Ptc2) and smoothened, to observe the spatiotemporal relationship between them and their contributions to OFT morphogenesis. Our results demonstrated that the development of an Isl‐1 positive field in the splanchnic mesoderm ventral to foregut, a subset of SHF, is closely coupled with pulmonary endoderm or tracheal groove, the Isl‐1 positive cells surrounding pulmonary endoderm are distributed in a special cone‐shaped pattern and take part in the formation of the lateral walls of the intrapericardial aorta and pulmonary trunk and the transient aortic‐pulmonary septum, and Ptc1 and Ptc2 are exclusively expressed in pulmonary endoderm during this Isl‐l positive field development, suggesting special roles played in inducing the Isl‐l positive field formation by pulmonary endoderm. It is indicated that pulmonary endoderm plays a role in the development and specification of SHF in midgestation, and that pulmonary endoderm‐associated Isl‐l positive field is involved in patterning the morphogenesis and septation of the intrapericardial arterial trunks.
FAKTOR RISIKO MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS (MDR-TB)

Multi Drug Resistant (MDR-TB) merupakan masalah terbesar dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan TB dunia. Indonesia berada di peringkat 8 dari 27 negara dengan MDR-TB terbanyak di dunia. WHO global report 2010, memperkirakan pasien MDR-TB di Indonesia berjumlah 8.900. MDR-TB adalah penyakit yang disebabkan Mycobacterium tuberkulosis yang resisten minimal terhadap rifampisin dan isoniazid. Masalah penelitian adalah faktor risiko apa yang berhubungan dengan MDR-TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor risiko MDR-TB. Metode penelitian survei dengan kasus kontrol. Populasi kasus adalah penderita TB yang terbukti resisten positif dan sampel kontrol adalah penderita yang terbukti resisten negatif. Perbandingan kasus:kontrol= 32:32. Analisis data dengan dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kejadian Multi Drug Resistant (MDR-TB) yaitu motivasi penderita yang rendah OR =4,2 (CI=1,478-11,94) dan ketidakteraturan berobat OR=2,3 (CI=1,3810,28). Diperlukan berbagai dukungan khususnya yang berasal dari keluarga dan lingkungan pasien agar dapat memotivasi penderita TB paru bahwa penyakitnya dapat disembuhkan dan melakukan pengobatan dengan teratur. Simpulan penelitian adalah motivasi penderita yang rendah dan ketidakteraturan berobat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian Multi Drug Resistant. Multi Drug Resistant (MDR - TB ) is the biggest problem of TB prevention and eradication in world. Indonesia is ranked 8 of 27 countries with MDR-TB in the world. WHO global report 2010, estimated MDR-TB patients in Indonesia amounted to 8.900. MDR-TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid. The purpose of research was to determine MDR-TB risk factors. A survey method was conducted with case-control. The population were TB case patients who positive and control who negative resistance by test. Comparison case: control = 32:32. Data analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the risk factors of MDR-TB were low patient motivation OR=4.2 (CI=1.478 to 11.94) and treatment irregularity OR=2.3 (CI=1.38 to 10,28). Required a variety support, especially from family and environment in order to motivate patients with pulmonary tuberculosis that their disease can be cured and do the treatment regularly. Research conclusion, low motivation and irregularity treatment had effect to Multi Drug Resistant.
Peer victimization and subjective health among students reporting disability or chronic illness in 11 Western countries.

BACKGROUND To compare the strength of the association between peer victimization at school and subjective health according to the disability or chronic illness (D/CI) status of students across countries. METHODS This study used data from 55 030 students aged 11, 13 and 15 years from 11 countries participating in the 2005-06 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. Self-completed questionnaires were administered in classrooms. Multivariate models of logistic regression (controlled for confounding factors and countries) were used to investigate differences in the association between peer victimization and poor subjective health according to the D/CI status. RESULTS Overall, 13.5% of the students reported having been bullied at least two or three times a month. The percentage of victims was significantly higher among those reporting D/CI than among others in all countries studied. Victims of bullying were more likely to report poor self-rated health, low life satisfaction and multiple health complaints. However, there were no differences in the associations between peer victimization and subjective health indicators according to the D/CI status. CONCLUSIONS In all countries studied, students reporting D/CI were more likely to report being victims of bullying. Victims of bullying reported more negative subjective health outcomes regardless of their D/CI status. Although inclusive education is currently a major topic of educational policies in most countries, additional efforts should be made to improve the quality of the integration of students with D/CI.
Nse1 and Nse4, subunits of the Smc5–Smc6 complex, are involved in Dictyostelium development upon starvation

The Smc5–Smc6 complex contains a heterodimeric core of two SMC proteins and non‐Smc elements (Nse1–6), and plays an important role in DNA repair. We investigated the functional roles of Nse4 and Nse1 in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nse4 and Nse3 expressed as Flag‐tagged fusion proteins were highly enriched in nuclei, while Nse1 was localized in whole cells. Using yeast two‐hybrid assays, only the interaction between Nse3 and Nse1 was detected among the combinations. However, all of the interactions among these three proteins were recognized by co‐immunoprecipitation assay using cell lysates prepared from the cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐ or Flag‐tagged fusion proteins. GFP‐tagged Nse1, which localized in whole cells, was translocated to nuclei when co‐expressed with Flag‐tagged Nse3 or Nse4. RNAi‐mediated Nse1 and Nse4 knockdown cells (Nse1 KD and Nse4 KD cells) were generated and found to be more sensitive to UV‐induced cell death than control cells. Upon starvation, Nse1 and Nse4 KD cells had increases in the number of smaller fruiting bodies that formed on non‐nutrient agar plates or aggregates that formed under submerged culture. We found a reduction in the mRNA level of pdsA, in vegetative and 8 h‐starved Nse4 KD cells, and pdsA knockdown cells displayed effects similar to Nse4 KD cells. Our results suggest that Nse4 and Nse1 are involved in not only the cellular DNA damage response but also cellular development in D. discoideum.
The perceptions of UK youth of branded and standardized, 'plain' cigarette packaging.

BACKGROUND Tobacco packaging is an important form of promotion. Standardizing cigarette packages ('plain' packaging) represents a novel tobacco control policy. This study examined perceptions of branded and standardized cigarette packages among British youth. METHODS Seven hundred twelve youth aged 11-17 completed an online survey. Participants viewed pairs of packages altered using a 3 × 2 factorial design: health warning type (40% text, 40% pictorial or 80% pictorial) × standardized pack colour (white vs. brown). A discrete-choice task was used in which participants selected packs based on attractiveness, taste, tar, health risk, impact of health warning and enticement to start smoking. Participants also compared regular Silk Cut and 'Superslims' Silk Cut packs. Participants completed a final selection task from two standardized and two branded packs. RESULTS Warning type was significantly associated with all six outcomes: packs with larger pictorial warnings were more likely to be perceived as less attractive, less smooth, greater health risk, higher tar delivery, more effective health warnings and less likely to encourage initiation. The same pattern was found for brown vs. white standardized packages, with the exception of attractiveness and initiation. Compared with the regular Silk Cut pack, the 'Superslims' Silk Cut pack was perceived as significantly more favourable on all six outcomes. Finally, among respondents who selected a pack in the pack selection task, 95.1% selected a branded pack vs. 4.9% who selected a standardized pack. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the size of pictorial health warnings and standardizing the appearance and shape of packages may discourage smoking initiation among young people.
CDC25B is involved in the centrosomal microtubule nucleation in two‐cell stage mouse embryos

CDC25B has been demonstrated to activate the complex of CDK1/Cyclin B and trigger mitosis. We have recently demonstrated that p‐CDC25B‐Ser351 is located at the centrosomes of mouse oocytes and contributes to the release of mouse oocytes from prophase I arrest. But much less is known about CDC25B function at the centrosome in two‐cell stage mouse embryos. Here we investigate the effect of CDC25B regulating the microtubules nucleation. Microinjection of anti‐CDC25B antibody caused aberrant microtubule nucleation. In addition, embryos injected with anti‐CDC25B antibody showed the marked absence of microtubule repolymerization and Nek2 foci after nocodazole washout. CDC25B overexpression caused microtubule‐organizing center (MTOC) overduplication. Moreover, overexpression of CDC25B–▵65 mutant resulted in the loss of CDC25B localization in the perinuclear region and made CDC25B less efficient in inducing mitosis. We additionally identified that CDC25B is responsible for the pericentrin localization to the MTOC. Our data suggest an important role of CDC25B for microtubule nucleation and organization. N‐terminal of CDC25B is required for regulating the microtubule dynamics and mitotic function.
Benefits and barriers to implementing computer use in qatari elementary schools as perceived by female teachers, an exploratory study

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of Qatari female elementary teachers toward specific benefits and barriers to the implementation of computers as educational tools. The study examined their perceptions toward computer training and computer lab use. The instrument used to collect the needed data was a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a dependent t-test was used to measure the differences in teachers' perceptions toward benefits for teachers and benefits for students and external and internal barriers. The study implemented a qualitative analysis to analyze teachers' responses to the open-ended questions. The findings of this study indicated the participants perceived the computer implementation to be beneficial to both teachers and students. The analysis revealed that teachers encounter both external and internal barriers. Teachers need more computer training; and that on average teachers do not use computer labs for instruction. Finally, the findings indicated that teachers perceived the computer benefits for teachers to be significant than the computer benefits for students. They also perceived the external barriers to be more significant than the internal ones.
Fishy Tales: Experiences of the Occupation of Keeping Fish as Pets

Pet ownership is an occupation that has benefits for human health and wellbeing. However, research on pet ownership mainly addresses the benefits of interactive pets, such as dogs and cats. Some individuals are unable to participate in the occupation of interactive pet ownership and, therefore, may be deprived of the benefits that pets can bring to their lives. This research used a qualitative, phenomenological methodology to explore the ownership of fish as pets. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analysed inductively. Nine participants were interviewed and the following themes were identified from the data collected: the reasons for owning fish as pets; the fish environment; caring for fish; and the benefits of owning fish as pets. It was discovered that pet fish ownership is a meaningful occupation that provides purpose and enjoyment in life. The findings of this study suggest that pet fish may be an alternative to interactive pets, and one that therapists can recommend to clients who wish to own a pet.