Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFD Study on Thermal Performance of Radiators in a Power Transformer: Effect of Blowing Direction and Offset of Fans

A focus on the present numerical study is on the fan air flow-used in the oil natural air-forced cooling system of a 25-MVA power transformer. An experiment is done to benchmark the present simulation methodology for the fan. Thermal performance of a radiator assembly is studied in two parts: 1) effect of horizontal and vertical blowing direction of two different fans at two speeds and 2) the effect of offset of one of the fans blowing in the horizontal direction. Vertical as compared to horizontal blowing is less efficient in dissipating heat from the radiator assembly considered here, as more air gets wasted from the sides. This is in contrast to the commonly encountered results of a heat exchanger-a cross instead of counter-flow heat exchanger is more efficient. The effect of offset of the top and bottom fan increases the heat dissipation. The factor of merit is proposed as a performance parameter to compare the different cases, considering the benefit in terms of heat transfer and cost incurred in terms of power consumption of the fan. Computational fluid dynamics are used more as an analysis than a design tool and lead to an improvement in the design of the radiator fan assembly.
Development of Calorie Restriction Mimetics as a Prolongevity Strategy

Abstract: By applying calorie restriction (CR) at 30‐50% below ad libitum levels, studies in numerous species have reported increased life span, reduced incidence and delayed onset of age‐related diseases, improved stress resistance, and decelerated functional decline. Whether this nutritional intervention is relevant to human aging remains to be determined; however, evidence emerging from CR studies in nonhuman primates suggests that response to CR in primates parallels that observed in rodents. To evaluate CR effects in humans, clinical trials have been initiated. Even if evidence could substantiate CR as an effective antiaging strategy for humans, application of this intervention would be problematic due to the degree and length of restriction required. To meet this challenge for potential application of CR, new research to create “caloric restriction mimetics” has emerged. This strategy focuses on identifying compounds that mimic CR effects by targeting metabolic and stress response pathways affected by CR, but without actually restricting caloric intake. Microarray studies show that gene expression profiles of key enzymes in glucose (energy) handling pathways are modified by CR. Drugs that inhibit glycolysis (2‐deoxyglucose) or enhance insulin action (metformin) are being assessed as CR mimetics. Promising results have emerged from initial studies regarding physiological responses indicative of CR (reduced body temperature and plasma insulin) as well as protection against neurotoxicity, enhanced dopamine action, and upregulated brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. Further life span analyses in addition to expanded toxicity studies must be completed to assess the potential of any CR mimetic, but this strategy now appears to offer a very promising and expanding research field.
The validity of diagnoses obtained through the psychological autopsy procedure in adolescent suicide victims: use of family history

A test of validity of the psychiatric diagnoses obtained by the psychological autopsy procedure is described in a consecutive series of 67 adolescent suicide victims. Family history of mental illness in first‐degree relatives of subjects was obtained blind to subject diagnosis using the family history method. It was hypothesized that subjects with a given diagnosis, compared with subjects without this diagnosis, would show an increased rate of this disorder among first‐degree relatives. This hypothesis was supported insofar as specific associations between subject diagnosis and familial rates of illness were demonstrated for major depression, bipolar illness, conduct and antisocial disorder and substance abuse. These results provide further support for the validity of diagnoses obtained through the psychological autopsy procedure.
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in a Serbian population: a gender-specific association with hypertension

Human essential hypertension has a multifactorial origin and is caused by a delicate interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Candidate genes are selected from the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and are physiologically implicated in blood pressure regulation. We investigated the association between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) locus and hypertension in a case-control study conducted in a population of Caucasians (175 females, 210 males). Case subjects were those with untreated borderline hypertension. A significant, moderate, male, gender-specific independent association between DD genotype and high blood pressure was found. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9; p = 0.03) in the whole group and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.2 to 5.1; p = 0.01) in the group truncated on the basis of age ( h 50 years). Our findings support the hypothesis that ACE is a gender-specific candidate gene for hypertension.
Game-related enjoyment or personal pre-requisites – which is the crucial factor when using geogames to encourage adolescents to value local biodiversity

ABSTRACT Geogames are mobile, location-based and location dependent games for devices like smartphones and tablets. As geogames are played outdoors they offer various possibilities for environmental education. The geogame entitled FindeVielfalt Simulation is a location dependent game, developed in the BioDiv2Go project, which provides sensory experiences, discovering local biodiversity and increasing biodiversity-related knowledge and attitudes toward nature. The aim of this study is to examine the predictive potential of game-related enjoyment and of personal prerequisites (such as general ecological behaviour) on outcomes measuring acquisition of knowledge and attitude. Hierarchical regressions are used to investigate the dependencies of the constructs. The results demonstrate that an increase in biodiversity-related knowledge is neither predicted by previous attitudes nor by game-related enjoyment. Every player within the game was able to learn irrespective of personal prerequisites or game-enjoyment. However, the results also demonstrate that an increase in attitude toward nature is significantly influenced by game-related enjoyment and general ecological behaviour, with game-related enjoyment being the stronger predictor.
Study on Dynamic Response of Novel Masonry Structures Impacted by Debris Flow

Debris flow is a very destructive natural disaster. This paper presents a novel masonry structure with strong resistance to debris flow—by using walls that are set with braces and filled with straw bricks. This structure was designed according to the concepts of sustainability. In order to study the dynamic response of this novel masonry structure under debris flow, finite element models of different masonry structures were established by means of LS-DYNA software. The responses of this novel structure and other traditional structures were calculated and compared when the rock of debris flow hits the center of the wall. Results showed that the out-of-plane stiffness of the impacted wall with cross braces was enhanced in this novel structure, leading to an increased resistance to the impact of debris flow more effectively. Furthermore, braces were able to stop rocks in the debris flow and dissipate the corresponding energy through deformation. These braces also improved anti-collapse capabilities, leading to an increase in the safety of people’s lives and properties. This novel structure is a response to national policies and plans, which plays an active role in promoting sustainable development of society.
Comparative analysis of Prx1 and Prx2 expression in mice provides evidence for incomplete compensation

The family of paired‐related homeobox genes to which Prx1 and Prx2 belong plays an integral role in limb and craniofacial development, as evidenced by both transgenic mice and in situ hybridization data. However, little is known about protein expression of these homeodomain transcription factors. Recent studies in our lab have established the pattern of Prx1 protein expression during normal mouse embryogenesis. Here we present a comparative analysis of Prx1 and Prx2 protein expression in the developing mouse using a novel anti‐Prx2 antibody reagent. Anat Rec 266:1–4, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A randomized controlled trial of an intervention designed to improve the care given in general practice to Type II diabetic patients: patient outcomes and professional ability to change behaviour.

AIM Our objective was to evaluate the effect of training in a patient-centred intervention for GPs and practice nurses on outcomes for patients with Type II diabetes. METHODS We carried out a randomized controlled trial within general practices as the basis for randomization and a before-and-after design for measures of patient outcome. A parallel process study examined the use of the method by professionals. The study was carried out in 29 general practices in South Glamorgan who had participated for at least 2 years in a local scheme of audit and CME in relation to Type II diabetes care. The subjects were 252 Type II diabetic patients recruited by 15 experimental and 14 control practices. The main outcome measures were changes in glycosylated haemoglobin, patient satisfaction with care and treatment, functional health status and professional ability to apply the intervention. RESULTS Professionals adopted the innovative method with enthusiasm, but after 2 years only 19% continued to apply the method systematically. The trial was, therefore, unable to demonstrate significant biochemical or functional improvements. This highlights the need to understand the factors associated with professional uptake and subsequent ability to sustain changes in behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of this behavioural intervention remains unproved, despite its acceptability to professional staff. Detailed and prolonged development and testing of behavioural interventions is an essential first step before embarking on randomized controlled trials which involve complex behavioural changes in professionals or patients.
Exploring agile methods in construction small and medium enterprises: a case study

Purpose – Agile methods have proven successful in increasing customer satisfaction and decreasing time and cost to market under uncertain conditions. Key characteristics of agile methods are lean, flexibility and highly iterative development with a strong emphasis on stakeholder involvement. Today construction firms in general and small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular are surviving in a drastic competitive environment in which they are facing more and more challenges. Additional innovation is needed in the construction sector, with increased participation from more competitive SMEs. The main purpose of this paper is to present a model to prioritize available management systems to help SMEs address the challenge of today's market competition more effectively.Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology used is that of interpretative case study and grounded theory based on a strong empirical foundation, on which new theoretical insight into knowledge management as an autonomous ac.
Investigating the Effects of Relationship Marketing Mechanisms of Shammut Model on Customer Loyalty

This study was constructed to investigate the effects of relationship marketing mechanisms of on customer loyalty in Yazd hotels. Relationship marketing mechanisms include financial, social, and structural mechanisms. The present paper is an applied research adopting a descriptive-correlational method and survey design. The statistical population of this study consisted of the customers who stayed in Yazd 3-star hotels. Through using a pre-test, the population variance was estimated and then the sample size was calculated using unlimited population formula. A questionnaire was used for data collection. In addition to descriptive statistics, the correlation coefficient test and path analysis were used to determine the strength of the relationship between variables and model structural equation of the study to verify the hypotheses, respectively. The results of the study showed that none of relationship marketing mechanisms including financial, social, and structural ones did not have significant impact on the sentiments. Although financial mechanism did not have significant impact on relationship quality, social mechanism influenced on the relationship quality. Moreover, structural mechanism did not affect the quality of the relationship. A qualified relationship has many benefits such as customers’ loyalty, customers’ satisfaction of the customer service organizations, and introducing them to others.
Mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus in airway obstruction.

To assess the mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus (i.e., inspiratory decline of greater than or equal to 10 Torr in systolic pressure) in airway obstruction, we studied 12 patients with chronic airflow obstruction before and during breathing through an external resistance that provided loads during both inspiration and expiration. Esophageal pressure (Ppl) and brachial artery pressure, relative to either atmospheric (Pa) or esophageal pressure (Patm), were measured simultaneously during normal and loaded breathing. It was assumed that changes in intrathoracic systemic arterial transmural pressure were adequately represented by Patm. During control, no significant difference between systolic fluctuation (delta Pa) and pleural swings (delta Ppl) was found. Concurrently, inspiratory and expiratory Patm were nearly identical. By contrast, under maximally loaded conditions, higher magnitudes of delta Ppl than delta Pa were found and consequently Patm rose with inspiration. In this connection, the plot of delta Pa against delta Ppl showed that the slopes for delta Ppl less than or equal to 15 Torr (1.2 Torr delta Pa/delta Ppl) and delta Ppl greater than 15 Torr (0.4 Torr delta Pa/delta Ppl) were significantly different. Under all experimental conditions we found during inspiration a rise in diastolic Patm that is consistent with an increase in left ventricular afterload. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The ABO blood groups and masculinity of offspring at birth.

SANGHVI pointed out discrepancies in the masculinity* of infants in certain mother-child ABO blood group combinations. Sanghvi's observations were based on two samples, one of 1,330 maternity cases in a in Bombay, the other of 865 maternity cases, mainly Rh-negative women in a hospital New York. In both these samples there was a significantly higher masculinity for 0 infants born to 0 mothers when compared directly with A infants born to A mothers. In an attempt to confirm Sanghvi's observations Johnstone tabulated the results of 2,429 sex and blood group determinations for infants born in a London hospital. John-stone's figures do not show a significant difference between the 0-0 and A-A combinations, though the 0-0 combination does have a higher masculinity than the A-A combination. Various aspects of Sanghvi's and Johnstone's data have been discussed also by Allen (1952; 1953; and 1954).
Multiple paternity increases effective population size

*NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National MarineFisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060,USA, †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, ‡Department ofApplied Math and Statistics, University of California, SantaCruz, CA, USAReceived 11 March 2009; revision received 30 April 2009;accepted 5 May 2009The effective size, N
Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Cefotaxime in Children with Peritonitis Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Sir: Intraperitoneal therapy with cephalosporins is widely used for treatment of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). However, pharmacokinetic data on peritoneal absorption of antibiotics in children are rare. We therefore studied the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal cefotaxime in 6 children (aged 1.1-14.8 years) undergoing CAPD for at least 2 months with acute peritonitis. One patient was studied twice with an interval of 2.3 years. Following the clinical diagnosis of acute peritonitis, cefotaxime in a concentration of 500 mg/L dialysate was applied in the peritoneal cavity for 6 h. Serum and dialysate concentrations of cefotaxime and its main metabolite desacetyl-cefotaxime were measured at multiple time points after extraction by high performance liquid chromatography in our laboratory; modified method of Dell et at. (1). Mean serum concentration of cefotaxime peaked at 40 min with 26.9 p 7.8 mg/L and thereafter decreased to 6.9 p 2.3 mg/L after 6 hrs (Figure 1). The peak concentration in our study was higher compared to data previously reported in adults without peritonitis using the same intraperitoneal doses of cefotaxime (2, 3). This can, at least in part, be explained by the fact that the doses administered are higher in children as in adults when corrected for body-weight (20.5 mg/kg compared to 14.3 mg/kg when calculated for an average adult weight of 70 kg). Installation of 1 g cefotax ime/L dialysate in adults without peritonitis resulted in serum concentration which are comparable to our values (4, 5). Mean peritoneal absorption of cefotaxime was 87% in our patients. This is in agreement with the results of Petersen et at. (6), who found an absorption of 90% in adults suffering from peritonitis. On the other hand, these values are higher than those abported in adults without peritonitis (56 78%, 2-6). We therefore assume that the peritoneal absorption is enhanced during peritonitis. Mean concentration of desacetyl-cefotaxime in serum rose within 3 hrs and then reached a plateau (Figure 1). The concentrations achieved correspond to the data reported in adults. In the dialysate, mean concentration of cefotaxime decreased continuously to 54.1 p 11.9 mg/L after 6 h dwell time (9% of the dose administered). Desacteylcefotaxime concentration in dialysate fell from 17.9 p 2.9 mg/L after 20 min to 12.9 p 2.5 mg/L after 6 h (Figure 2). Our results demonstrate that serum concentration of cefotaxime in antimicrobial levels (also against Staphylococcus species) is rapidly achieved after intraperitoneal administration of the drug (500 mg/L dialysate) in children with peritonitis and therapeutic levels will be maintained for several hours.
Hotels and Resorts Rent Intention via Online Affiliate Marketing

Nowadays, competition in the online business of tourism esp. hotels and resorts is noticeably fierce. Using a kind of cyber brokerage system, called affiliate, in conducting marketing becomes more and more popular marketing weapon for tourism industry. it is viewed as an effective marketing tool that can raise the exposure of products and chance to establish credibility and strength of brand image. The objective of this research is to study relationships between factors in the system of affiliate marketing and the rent intention. Online questionnaire-based data were collected from Thai consumers who used to make room reservations via affiliate marketing system. Experimental results show that the trust in publisher in the affiliate system is the key factor significantly affecting the rent intention.
Design and tuning of an evolutionary multiobjective optimisation algorithm

The hypervolume measure is one of the most frequently applied measures for comparing the results of evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms (EMOA). The idea to use this measure for selection is self-evident. A steady-state EMOA will be devised, that combines concepts of non-dominated sorting with a selection operator based on the hypervolume measure. The algorithm computes a well distributed set of solutions with bounded size thereby focussing on interesting regions of the Pareto front(s). By means of standard benchmark problems the algorithm will be compared to other well established EMOA. The results show that our new algorithm achieves good convergence to the Pareto front and outperforms standard methods in the hypervolume covered. We also studied the applicability of the new approach in the important field of design optimization. In order to reduce the number of time consuming precise function evaluations, the algorithm will be supported by approximate function evaluations based on Kriging metamodels. First results on an airfoil redesign problem indicate a good performance of this approach, especially if the computation of a small, bounded number of well-distributed solutions is desired.
Administration and values: the career advancement of women managers in the British Columbia public service

This study consists of an investigation of the relationship between the values of the organization, the work-related values of managers, and the career advancement of female managers within the British Columbia Public Service. Organizational value priorities were determined through the categorization by Deputy Ministers of fifteen organizational values. Through statistical analysis, the study established: the extent to which the values of public service managers are shared with those of their organization; the relationship between career advancement and value congruency; the change in managers' values over time; and managers' perceptions of the influence of other factors on career advancement. Anecdotal data were treated
Abnormal myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 phosphorylation and actin polymerization contribute to impaired myogenic regulation of cerebral arterial diameter in the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat

The myogenic response of cerebral resistance arterial smooth muscle to intraluminal pressure elevation is a key physiological mechanism regulating blood flow to the brain. Rho-associated kinase plays a critical role in the myogenic response by activating Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms: (i) Rho-associated kinase inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase by phosphorylating its targeting subunit myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (at T855), augmenting 20 kDa myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphorylation and force generation; and (ii) Rho-associated kinase stimulates cytoskeletal actin polymerization, enhancing force transmission to the cell membrane. Here, we tested the hypothesis that abnormal Rho-associated kinase-mediated myosin light chain phosphatase regulation underlies the dysfunctional cerebral myogenic response of the Goto-Kakizaki rat model of type 2 diabetes. Basal levels of myogenic tone, LC20, and MYPT1-T855 phosphorylation were elevated and G-actin content was reduced in arteries of pre-diabetic 8–10 weeks Goto-Kakizaki rats with normal serum insulin and glucose levels. Pressure-dependent myogenic constriction, LC20, and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 phosphorylation and actin polymerization were suppressed in both pre-diabetic Goto-Kakizaki and diabetic (18–20 weeks) Goto-Kakizaki rats, whereas RhoA, ROK2, and MYPT1 expression were unaffected. We conclude that abnormal Rho-associated kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization contributes to the dysfunctional cerebral myogenic response in the Goto-Kakizaki model of type 2 diabetes.