Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macrophage-Specific Expression of Mannose-Binding Lectin Controls Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice

Background— With consideration of the central role of the innate immune system in atherogenesis and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as an innate regulator of immunity, the role of MBL in experimental and human atherosclerosis was assessed. Methods and Results— With the use of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, deposition and gene expression of MBL-A and -C were assessed in murine atherosclerosis from mice deficient for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR−/−) after 10 or 18 weeks of high-fat feeding. MBL was present and was produced in 10-week-old lesions, whereas deposition and gene expression were minimal after 18 weeks of high-fat feeding and absent in healthy vasculature. Interestingly, deposition of MBL-A and -C differed: MBL-A predominantly localized in upper medial layers, whereas MBL-C was found in and around intimal macrophages. To further study the role of local MBL production by monocytic cells in atherosclerosis, LDLR−/− mice with MBL-A and -C−/− monocytic cells were construed by bone marrow transplantation. Mice carrying MBL-A and -C double deficient macrophages had increased (30%) atherosclerotic lesions compared with wild-type controls (P=0.015) after 10 weeks of high-fat diet. Subsequently, analysis of MBL deposition and gene expression in advanced human atherosclerotic lesions revealed the presence of MBL protein in ruptured but not stable atherosclerotic lesions. Putatively in agreement with murine data, no MBL gene expression could be detected in advanced human atherosclerotic lesions. Conclusions— These results are the first to show that MBL is abundantly present and locally produced during early atherogenesis. Local MBL expression, by myeloid cells, is shown to critically control development of atherosclerotic lesions.
Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan dan Komisaris Independen terhadap Biaya Keagenan Perusahaan yang Masuk dalam Indonesia Most Trusted Companies

The divergences between shareholder and manager take agency cost. This study aims to investigate the influence of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and independent commissoner on agency cost. Population of this study is firms that occur to Indonesia Most Trusted Companies Based on Investor 2007-2015, published by SWA business megazine. The number of sample is 106 observation data through purposive sampling method. Based on linier regression model, the result is managerial ownership and institutional ownership have no significant affect on agency cost, whereas independent commissioner has positif and significant affect on agency cost. So, if proportion of independent commissioner increase, agency cost will increase.
Kv1.5 Association Modifies Kv1.3 Traffic and Membrane Localization*

Kv1.3 activity is determined by raft association. In addition to Kv1.3, leukocytes also express Kv1.5, and both channels control physiological responses. Because the oligomeric composition may modify the channel targeting to the membrane, we investigated heterotetrameric Kv1.3/Kv1.5 channel traffic and targeting in HEK cells. Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 generate multiple heterotetramers with differential surface expression according to the subunit composition. FRET analysis and pharmacology confirm the presence of functional hybrid channels. Raft association was evaluated by cholesterol depletion, caveolae colocalization, and lateral diffusion at the cell surface. Immunoprecipitation showed that both Kv1.3 and heteromeric channels associate with caveolar raft domains. However, homomeric Kv1.3 channels showed higher association with caveolin traffic. Moreover, FRAP analysis revealed higher mobility for hybrid Kv1.3/Kv1.5 than Kv1.3 homotetramers, suggesting that heteromers target to distinct surface microdomains. Studies with lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages further supported that different physiological mechanisms govern Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 targeting to rafts. Our results implicate the traffic and localization of Kv1.3/Kv1.5 heteromers in the complex regulation of immune system cells.
Definition Of Additional Functional Ligands For Ly49IB6 Using FVBLy49IB6 Transgenic Mice And B6 Natural Killer Cell Effectors1

Background. Natural killer (NK) cells use inhibitory Ly49 receptors to differentiate self from foreign cells based on interactions with major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules. Inhibitory receptors may recognize multiple MHC class I molecules. Studies to define ligands for the Ly49 receptors are complicated by the fact that receptors are expressed in overlapping subsets on NK cells. Binding studies can predict which MHC class I molecules are ligands for Ly49 receptors, but functional tests are required to substantiate results from binding studies. Methods. We developed Ly49 receptor transgenic mice and studied the function of Ly49IB6 in FVB.Ly49IB6 transgenic mice using bone marrow transplantation assays to determine additional functional ligands for Ly49IB6. We have also used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate specific populations of B6 NK cells bearing Ly49I for use as effectors in 51chromium-release assays against a panel of Concanavalin A blast targets. Results. Bone marrow transplantation studies indicate that H2-Kb, H2s, and H2v serve as functional ligands for Ly49IB6. In vitro cytotoxicity assays indicate that Ly49I recognizes H2q, but not H2d or H2k, target cells to inhibit NK killing. Conclusions. These data add support to previous binding studies by showing functional interactions between the B6-strain Ly49I and H2-Kb, H2s, H2v, and H2q class I antigens.
Innovation in the Global Firm

How global are the gains from innovation? When firms operate plants in multiple countries, technological improvements developed in one location may be shared with foreign sites for efficiency gain. We develop a model that accounts for such transfer and apply it to measure returns to R&D investment for a panel of US multinationals. Our estimates indicate that innovation increases performance at firm locations beyond the innovating site: the median multinational firm realizes abroad 20% of the return to its US R&D investment, revealing a spatial disconnect between the costs and potential gains of policies that encourage multinationals’ US innovation.
Physical and functional interactions among RNase E, polynucleotide phosphorylase and the cold‐shock protein, CsdA: evidence for a ‘cold shock degradosome’

Escherichia coli contains at least five ATP‐dependent DEAD‐box RNA helicases which may play important roles in macromolecular metabolism, especially in translation and mRNA decay. Here we demonstrate that one member of this family, CsdA, whose expression is induced by cold shock, interacts physically and functionally with RNase E. Three independent approaches show that after a shift of cultures to 15°C, CsdA co‐purifies with RNase E and other components of the RNA degradosome. Moreover, functional assays using reconstituted minimal degradosomes prepared from purified components in vitro show that CsdA can fully replace the resident RNA helicase of the RNA degradosome, RhlB. In addition, under these conditions, CsdA displays RNA‐dependent ATPase activity. Taken together, our data are consistent with a model in which CsdA accumulates during the early stages of cold acclimatization and subsequently assembles into degradosomes with RNase E synthesized in cold‐adapted cultures. These findings show that the RNA degradosome is a flexible macromolecular machine capable of adapting to altered environmental conditions.
Outcome of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in first complete remission: a Danish-Swedish population-based study

Abstract In the present study, we investigate the outcome of 109 Danish and 123 Swedish patients with nodal PTCL in first complete remission (CR), and examine the impact of imaging-based follow-up (FU) strategies. The patients were selected by the following criteria: (a) newly diagnosed nodal PTCL from 2007 to 2012, (b) age ≥18 years, and (c) CR after CHOP or CHOEP therapy. FU guidelines in Sweden included symptom assessment, clinical examinations and blood tests at 3–4-month intervals for 2 years. FU strategies in Denmark was similar but included routine imaging, usually every 6 months for 2 years. Patients had fully comparable characteristics. Overall survival (OS) estimates for patients in CR were similar for all patients (p = .6) and in PTCL subtypes. In multivariate analysis, country of follow-up had no impact on OS. However, despite continuous CR for ≥2 years, the OS of PTCL remained inferior to a matched general population.
The Inefficiency of Bitcoin

Bitcoin has received much attention in the media and by investors in recent years, although there remains scepticism and a lack of understanding of this cryptocurrency. We add to the literature on Bitcoin by studying the market efficiency of Bitcoin. Through a battery of robust tests, evidence reveals that returns are significantly inefficient over our full sample, but when we split our sample into two subsample periods, we find that some tests indicate that Bitcoin is efficient in the latter period. Therefore we conclude that Bitcoin in an inefficient market but may be in the process of moving towards an efficient market.
Donor Centrosome Regulation of Initial Spindle Formation in Mouse Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Roles of Gamma-Tubulin and Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus Protein 11

Abstract During the process of spindle-chromosome complex depletion in the oocyte, it is unclear whether both gamma-tubulin and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NUMA1), which are required for mitotic organization and spindle assembly, are removed. The role of the donor cell centrosome and donor nuclear NUMA1 in the initial spindle morphogenesis and chromosome remodeling also remains unclear. In the present study, we show that in the mouse, the level of gamma-tubulin in the poles and around the metaphase II spindle declines significantly, whereas only approximately 10% of NUMA1 is removed during spindle-chromosome complex depletion in the recipient oocyte. This process does not impede initial spindle morphogenesis and is regulated by the centrosome of the donor cumulus cell. Retaining the donor cell centrosome establishes a monopolar spindle, whereas prior removal of the centrosome by a narrow-bore micropipette leads to bipolar spindle formation. Our data show that the centrosome of the donor cell regulates initial spindle morphogenesis and that the donor cumulus cell NUMA1 compensates for the deficiency in recipient NUMA1 during the formation of metaphase-like structures after nuclear transfer. Full-term offspring of cloned mice were obtained after injection of donor cells only with a pipette having an inner diameter of 7–8 μm, which retained the donor cell centrosome. In contrast, removing the donor cell centrosome with a small pipette impaired preimplantation development and prevented full-term development. In conclusion, the initial spindle assembly of a metaphase-like spindle is regulated by the centrosome from the donor cell in the mouse.
Dietary Fats and Oils in India.

BACKGROUND India is undergoing rapid nutrition transition concurrent with an increase in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There is a shift from a healthy traditional home-cooked high-fiber, low-fat, low-calorie diet, towards increasing consumption of packaged, ready-to-eat foods which are calorie-dense and contain refined carbohydrates, high fat, salt and sugar; and less fiber. Although fats and oils have been an integral part of our diets, there is a change in the pattern of consumption, in terms of both quality and quantity. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the terms "fats, oil consumption in India, effects of vegetable oils, obesity and T2DM in Indians" in the medical search database PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA) from 1966 to June 2016. A manual search of the relevant quoted references was also carried out from the retrieved articles. Data have also been taken from nutritional surveys in India and worldwide, websites and published documents of the World Health Organization, the Food and Agricultural Organization, National Sample Survey Organization and websites of industries related to oil production. CONCLUSION Increasing use of saturated fat, low intake of n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids and increase in trans-fatty acids, along with increasing intake of dietary sugars has been noted in India. Most importantly, traditional false beliefs and unawareness about health effects of oils continues to be prevalent. Aggressive public health awareness programs coupled with governmental action and guidelines tailored for Indian population are required, to promote less consumption of fats and oils, use of healthy oils and fats, decreased intake of saturated fats and trans fatty acids, and increase intake of n-3 Poly-unsaturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids.
Molecular and Pharmacological Properties of a Potent and Selective Novel Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Agonist Tanaproget*

Progesterone receptor (PR) agonists have several important applications in women's health, such as in oral contraception and post-menopausal hormone therapy. Currently, all PR agonists used clinically are steroids. Because of their interactions with other steroid receptors, steroid-metabolizing enzymes, or other steroid-signaling pathways, these drugs can pose significant side effects in some women. Efforts to discover novel nonsteroidal PR agonists with improved biological properties led to the discovery of tanaproget (TNPR). TNPR binds to the PR from various species with a higher relative affinity than reference steroidal progestins. In T47D cells, TNPR induces alkaline phosphatase activity with an EC50 value of 0.1 nm, comparable with potent steroidal progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and trimegestone (TMG), albeit with a reduced efficacy (∼60%). In a mammalian two-hybrid assay to measure PR agonist-induced interaction between steroid receptor co-activator-1 and PR, TNPR showed similar potency (EC50 value of 0.02 nm) and efficacy to MPA and TMG. Importantly, in key animal models such as the rat ovulation inhibition assay, TNPR demonstrates full efficacy and an enhanced progestational potency (30-fold) when compared with MPA and TMG. Furthermore, TNPR has relatively weak interactions with other steroid receptors and binding proteins and little effect on cytochrome P450 metabolic pathways. Finally, the three-dimensional crystal structure of the PR ligand binding domain with TNPR has been delineated to demonstrate how this nonsteroidal ligand achieves its high binding affinity. Therefore, TNPR is a structurally novel and very selective PR agonist with an improved preclinical pharmacological profile.
The safety and efficacy of a children's power toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in 6-11 year-olds.

PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the oral hard and soft tissue safety and the plaque-removing efficacy of a children's power toothbrush (Braun Oral-B Kids' Power Toothbrush-D10) and a manual toothbrush in children from a general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy children aged 6-11 yrs were enrolled into a single-blind, randomized, parallel-design study. At baseline, oral hard and soft tissues were evaluated and plaque was assessed on buccal and lingual surfaces of all fully erupted permanent and primary teeth using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. Eligible subjects were randomized to use either a Braun Oral-B children's power toothbrush (D10) or a manual toothbrush for the duration of the study. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth at home twice daily for 1 min each day for the 30-day study period. At baseline and after 15 and 30 days, plaque was assessed following 12-18 hrs of no oral hygiene. In addition, at each visit single-use plaque removal was evaluated after subjects had brushed their teeth for 1 min under supervision. Oral hard and soft tissues were assessed for safety before and after the supervised 1-min brushing at each visit. RESULTS There were no pre-brushing oral hard and soft tissue abnormalities or post-brushing changes in oral tissues in either group. There were statistically significant reductions in mean plaque index for the whole mouth (P< 0.006), buccal surfaces (P < 0.0001) and anterior teeth (P< 0.008) from day 0 to day 30 in the D10 group, but not in the manual group. Greater mean changes in whole mouth plaque reduction were seen for the D10 group as compared to the manual group at days 15 and 30 (P< 0.05). Results from the single-use supervised brushing at each visit revealed that reductions in mean whole mouth plaque were statistically significant in both groups at each visit (P< 0.0001). There was statistically significantly greater plaque removal after a single brushing at day 0 in the D10 group compared with the manual group (P< 0.002), but the difference was not significant at days 15 and 30.
Ligand-induced Structural Changes of the CD44 Hyaluronan-binding Domain Revealed by NMR*

CD44, a major cell surface receptor for hyaluronan (HA), contains a functional domain responsible for HA binding at its N terminus (residues 21-178). Accumulating evidence indicates that proteolytic cleavage of CD44 in its extracellular region (residues 21-268) leads to enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion. Hence, understanding the mechanisms underlying the CD44 proteolytic cleavage is important for understanding the mechanism of CD44-mediated tumor progression. Here we present the NMR structure of the HA-binding domain of CD44 in its HA-bound state. The structure is composed of the Link module (residues 32-124) and an extended lobe (residues 21-31 and 125-152). Interestingly, a comparison of its unbound and HA-bound structures revealed that rearrangement of the β-strands in the extended lobe (residues 143-148) and disorder of the structure in the following C-terminal region (residues 153-169) occurred upon HA binding, which is consistent with the results of trypsin proteolysis studies of the CD44 HA-binding domain. The order-to-disorder transition of the C-terminal region by HA binding may be involved in the CD44-mediated cell migration.
Exploring resilience: strengths of trafficking survivors in Cambodia

Abstract Western literature provides an array of information regarding resilience within at-risk youth. Resilience research within non-Western contexts, and more specifically with exploited youth, is more limited. Despite exploitation, some youth develop a hardy ability to overcome adversity, allowing them more mastery over their environments and even increased psychological steadfastness. This project involved exploring the protective factors of resilience and psychological functioning in Cambodian youth, specifically a group of 24 survivors of sexual trafficking and another group of 24 rural youth without reported exploitation. The ages of participants ranged from 13 to 22 years, with the average age being 15.62 years [standard deviation (SD=2.68)]. Results indicated resilience constructs (mastery and relatedness) correlated with psychological functioning (anxiety and depression), as expected. The sense of relatedness was moderately associated with age. Also, as predicted, the trafficked young women demonstrated more resilience and less pathology. Consistent with previous research, earlier trauma is believed to inoculate survivors of trauma against further stress, mobilize them to better confront adversity and reduce psychological disruptions. Understanding these issues can help in understanding the relationship between resilience factors and psychological functioning as well as the strengths of many trauma survivors. Their strengths are particularly useful for developing effective treatment protocols for traumatized youth from non-Western backgrounds.
Positive Streamer Propagation and Breakdown in Air: the Influence of Humidity

The influence of humidity on streamer propagation at conditions from the threshold for propagation to those for streamer-induced breakdown was investigated in a uniform field in air at atmospheric pressure. Experiments were carried out in a three electrode arrangement consisting of a 12 cm long parallel-plane gap, with an auxiliary needle in the earthed anode. Positive streamers were initiated by applying at the needle electrode a pulse voltage which varied in amplitude. These propagated towards the upper plane electrode which was stressed by a negative dc voltage. Under natural atmospheric conditions, propagation and breakdown probability curves were obtained for several values of absolute humidity in the range between 5 and 22 g/m3. Thus, distributions of the electric field required for streamer propagation and breakdown were obtained and the associated velocity of propagation and time to breakdown were measured. Besides humidity, the amplitude of the voltage used for streamer initiation and the ambient electric field were considered as influencing parameters on streamer properties. Empirical equations are presented expressing the effects of the above parameters on the intrinsic streamer properties. A comparison with previous work in the literature is made and this leads to the conclusion that the influence of humidity on streamer propagation and breakdown can be placed in a sounder quantitative basis.
Depression Vulnerabilities in Patients with Different Levels of Depressive Symptoms after Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: Cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal vulnerabilities have been studied in patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for major depression and dysthymia. The extent to which these vulnerabilities are present in cardiac patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms – a risk factor for mortality – is unknown. Moreover, few studies have examined interrelations among depression vulnerabilities. Methods: A consecutive cohort of 314 patients with acute coronary syndrome completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and measures of cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal vulnerabilities (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Pleasant Events Schedule for the Elderly, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and an inventory of role transitions) within 1 week of hospital admission. Of the patients, 166 were classified as nondepressed (BDI score, 0–4), 91 as mildly depressed (BDI score, 10–16), and 57 as moderately to severely depressed (BDI score, >16). Results: Compared with nondepressed patients, both mildly depressed and moderately to severely depressed patients exhibited higher mean levels of all vulnerabilities as well as a higher prevalence of more than one elevated vulnerability, defined by threshold scores. Vulnerabilities were only minimally interrelated (r = 0.01–0.25), and they were independently associated with mild and moderate depressive symptom status. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal depression vulnerabilities are uniquelyassociated with concurrent depressive symptoms. There appeared to be only modest overlap between vulnerabilities, supporting the idea that depression in medically ill patients is a multifaceted phenomenon, even in the presence of minimally elevated depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are required before causality and treatment implications can be addressed.