Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN THE DOMESTIC PIGEON (COLUMBIA LIVIA)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish intraocular pressure values in clinically normal pigeons. One hundred (52 male and 48 female) healthy pigeons (Columbia livia) of six different breeds, ranging in age from 20 to 51 mo were used in the study. Pigeons were gently physically restrained in a dorsoventral position without any pressure or extension to the head and neck. A rebound tonometer with a disposable probe was held horizontally and 4–5 mm from the central corneal surface. Calibration of the device was set to “P.” Overall, the mean ± SD intraocular pressure values of all eyes were 6.1 ± 0.9 mmHg (ranging from 3 to 9 mmHg). Mean ± SD values for left and right eyes were 6.1 ± 1.0 and 6.0 ± 1.2 mmHg, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between the left eye and right eye or between males and females (P = 0.49; P = 0.74). Analysis of variance revealed that there were no significant differences in the IOP between the breeds (P = 0.22).
A phase II clinical trial of idarubicin administered to children with relapsed brain tumors

Idarubicin (IDR), an anthracycline that is a derivative of daunorubicin, was synthesized in an attempt to find new analogs of daunorubicin with an improved spectrum of activity and diminished acute or chronic toxicity. Because of the favorable pharmacokinetic profile of IDR (with the persistence of its active metabolite [idarubicinol], the penetration of idarubicinol into the cerebrospinal fluid, and the lipophilicity of IDR/idarubicinol compared with other anthracyclines), its more favorable therapeutic index regarding cardiotoxicity in animals, and its potential for oral administration, a Phase II trial of IDR in children with relapsed brain tumors was undertaken.
Identifying the Dominant Soil Bacterial Taxa in Libraries of 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA Genes

From near to far , from here to there , funny things are everywhere. —Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish In 1909, H. Joel Conn ([25][1]) expressed the hope that methods would soon be at hand by which the significance of the different bacteria present in any soil could be
Rapid Prototyping Journal Emerald Article : Development of SLS fuel cell current collectors

Purpose – This paper aims to present a new fabrication method for fuel cell current collectors. Demonstration of its usefulness and discussion of its impact on current collector design and performance are also given. Design/methodology/approach – The selective laser sintering (SLS) technique is used to create green parts followed by a high temperature curing process and pressureless infiltration treatment to meet basic part design requirements. Findings – A material system and process satisfying both manufacturing constraints and product property requirements can be used for fabrication of current collectors via SLS. Relative particle size and composition of the constituents play an important role in successful manufacture of the plates. Strategies to improve electrical conductivity are also discussed. Originality/value – A new manufacturing method has been developed for the construction of fuel cell current collectors that could generate opportunities for performance enhancement and fuel cell application by eliminating the constraints imposed by traditional fabrication processes.
Playing Mobile Games: Consumer Perceptions: An Empirical Study

The paper presents the design and the results of a project studying the adoption of mobile gaming (playing mobile games) in the New Zealand youth market. An adoption model extending TAM (Technology Adoption Model) was used, with intention to use as the dependent variable. Data were gathered from a sample group consisting of undergraduate university students. It was found that adopters of mobile gaming were likely to be male as well as female, and also that the group surveyed exhibited a behaviour towards relatively high spending on mobile entertainment (in proportion to income). Perceived expressiveness was found to be the most significant influential factor affecting intention to use, while perceived enjoyment was found to be motivated by perceived ease of use. Recommendations regarding developing and offering mobile games are also included.
Dynamic Engagement of Cognitive Control Modulates Recovery From Misinterpretation During Real-Time Language Processing

Speech unfolds swiftly, yet listeners keep pace by rapidly assigning meaning to what they hear. Sometimes, though, initial interpretations turn out to be wrong. How do listeners revise misinterpretations of language input moment by moment to avoid comprehension errors? Cognitive control may play a role by detecting when processing has gone awry and then initiating behavioral adjustments accordingly. However, no research to date has investigated a cause-and-effect interplay between cognitive-control engagement and the overriding of erroneous interpretations in real time. Using a novel cross-task paradigm, we showed that Stroop-conflict detection, which mobilizes cognitive-control procedures, subsequently facilitates listeners’ incremental processing of temporarily ambiguous spoken instructions that induce brief misinterpretation. When instructions followed incongruent Stroop items, compared with congruent Stroop items, listeners’ eye movements to objects in a scene reflected more transient consideration of the false interpretation and earlier recovery of the correct one. Comprehension errors also decreased. Cognitive-control engagement therefore accelerates sentence-reinterpretation processes, even as linguistic input is still unfolding.
Adolescent Balloon Analog Risk Task and Behaviors that Influence Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Injury.

Risk-taking propensity is a pivotal facet of motor vehicle crash involvement and subsequent traumatic injury in adolescents. Clinical encounters are important opportunities to identify teens with high risk-taking propensity who may later experience serious injury. Our objective was to compare self-reports of health risk behavior with performance on the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), a validated metric of risk-taking propensity, in adolescents during a clinical encounter. 100 adolescent patients from a hospital emergency department and adolescent health clinic completed a computer-based survey of self-reported risk behaviors including substance use behaviors and behaviors that influence crash involvement. They then completed the BART, a validated laboratory-based risk task in which participants earn points by pumping up a computer-generated balloon with greater pumps leading to increased chance of balloon explosion. 20 trials were undertaken. Mean number of pumps on the BART showed a correlation of . 243 (p=.015) with self-reported driver/passenger behaviors and attitudes towards driving that influence risk of crash injury. Regression analyses showed that self-reports of substance use and mean number of pumps on the BART uniquely predict self-reports of behaviors influencing the risk of crash injury. The BART is a promising correlate of real-world risk-taking behavior related to traffic safety. It remains a valid predictor of behaviors influencing risk of crash injury when using just 10 trials, suggesting its utility as a quick and effective screening measure for use in busy clinical environments. This tool may be an important link to prevention interventions for those most at-risk for future motor vehicle crash involvement and injury.
Single-Copy IMH3 Allele Is Sufficient To Confer Resistance to Mycophenolic Acid in Candida albicans and To Mediate Transformation of Clinical Candida Species

ABSTRACT Parasexual genetic analysis of Candida albicansutilized the dominant selectable marker that conferred resistance to mycophenolic acid. We cloned and sequenced theIMH3r gene from C. albicans strain 1006, which was previously identified as resistant to mycophenolic acid (MPA) (A. K. Goshorn and S. Scherer, Genetics 123:213–218, 1989). MPA is an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase, an enzyme necessary for the de novo biosynthesis of GMP. G. A. Kohler et al. (J. Bacteriol. 179:2331–2338, 1997) have shown that the wild-typeIMH3 gene, when expressed in high copy number, will confer resistance to this antibiotic. We demonstrate that theIMH3r gene from strain 1006 has three amino acid changes, two of which are nonconservative, and demonstrate that at least two of the three mutations are required to confer resistance to MPA. We used this gene as a dominant selectable marker in clinical isolates of C. albicans and Candida tropicalis. We also identified the presence of autonously replicating sequence elements that permit autonomous replication in the promoter region of this gene. Finally, we found the excision of a φ-type long terminal repeat element outside the IMH3 open reading frame of the gene in some strains. We used the IMH3r allele to disrupt one allele of ARG4 in two clinical isolates, WO-1 and FC18, thus demonstrating that a single ectopic integration of this dominant selectable marker is sufficient to confer resistance to MPA.
Effectiveness of Inhaled Combined Corticosteroid/Long-Acting Bronchodilator Treatment in Reducing COPD Exacerbations and Short-Acting Bronchodilator Use

Objective: Tocomparebudesonide/formoterol�(BFC)� andfluticasonepropionate/salmeterol�(FSC)�intheir� abilitytoreduceCOPDexacerbationsusinganovel� riskstratificationapproach. •� Design:� Retrospectivecohortstudywithpropensity� matchingandstratificationbyshort-actingbeta2-ago- nist�(SABA)�use.
trkB, a neural receptor protein-tyrosine kinase: evidence for a full-length and two truncated receptors

We have screened an adult rat cerebellar cDNA library in search of novel protein tyrosine-kinase (PTK) cDNAs. A cDNA for a putative PTK, trkB, was cloned, and its sequence indicates that it is likely to be derived from a gene for a ligand-regulated receptor closely related to the human trk oncogene. Northern (RNA) analysis showed that the trkB gene is expressed predominantly in the brain and that trkB expresses multiple mRNAs, ranging from 0.7 to 9 kb. Hybridization of cerebral mRNAs with a variety of probes indicates that there are mRNAs encoding truncated trkB receptors. Two additional types of cDNA were isolated, and their sequences are predicted to encode two distinct C-terminally truncated receptors which have the complete extracellular region and transmembrane domain, but which differ in their short cytoplasmic tails.
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE PUERPERAL UTERUS

THE investigations described here are the outcome of our previous work on puerperal pyrexia (Calman and Gibson, 1953). It seemed to us that there were three facets of this subject, each of which was investigated separately. The individual investigations are first described, and then the results of all three are discussed together. The first investigation consisted of serial high vaginal swabs taken from normal puerperal women; the second of a comparison between high vaginal swabs and samples of uterine contents taken with Little’s tubes from apyrexial patients; and the third a similar experiment on a group of pyrexial cases. In the first investigation we cultured high vaginal swabs taken from normal cases at intervals of 0, 8 and 80 hours after delivery. In 37 cases all three specimens were obtained, in a further 1 1 cases only the first two swabs were taken and in another 16 cases the first specimen alone was taken. The methods of cultivation were the standard procedures as previously described by us (loc. cit.). Any patient who subsequently developed a temperature was excluded from the investigation.
Molecular Characterization of a Glucose-Inhibited Division Gene, gidA, That Regulates Cytotoxic Enterotoxin of Aeromonas hydrophila

ABSTRACT By using a mini-transposon, we obtained two mutated strains of a diarrheal isolate, SSU, of Aeromonas hydrophila that exhibited a 50 to 53% reduction in the hemolytic activity and 83 to 87% less cytotoxic activity associated with the cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act). Act is a potent virulence factor of A. hydrophila and has been shown to contribute significantly to the development of both diarrhea and septicemia in animal models. Subsequent cloning and DNA sequence analysis revealed that transposon insertion occurred at different locations in these two mutants within the same 1,890-bp open reading frame for the glucose-inhibited division gene (gidA). A similar reduction in hemolytic (46%) and cytotoxic (81%) activity of Act was noted in the gidA isogenic mutant of A. hydrophila that was generated by marker exchange mutagenesis. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcription of the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act) was not altered in the gidA transposon and isogenic mutants. However, by generating a chromosomal act::alkaline phosphatase gene (phoA) reporter construct, we demonstrated significantly reduced phosphatase activity in these mutants, indicating the effect of glucose-inhibited division (GidA) protein in modulating act gene expression at the translational level. The biological effects of Act in the gidA mutants were restored by complementation. The virulence of the gidA mutants in mice was dramatically reduced compared to the those of the wild-type (WT) and complemented strains of A. hydrophila. The histopathological examination of lungs, in particular, indicated severe congestion, alveolar hemorrhage, and acute inflammatory infiltrate in the interstitial compartment and the alveolar spaces when mice were infected with the WT and complemented strains. Minimal-to-mild changes were noted in the lungs with the gidA mutants. Taken together, our data indicate for the first time that GidA regulates the most-potent virulence factor of A. hydrophila, Act.
Estimation of body composition by whole body volumetry in human subjects.

Body density measurements have been used since 1757 for studying body composition in human subjects. Robertson was the first to apply the Archimedes principle to underwater weighing (14). Behnke was however the first one to use a correction for residual volume and to obtain a good indiction of the fat mass by underwater weighing (2). Rathbun & Pace (12); Brozek et al (3) and Siri (13) evolved a series of equations for the estimation of percent body fat in Western subjects. These equations may however not be applicable to Indian populations.
Experimental study on the stability of an impedance-type force-feedback architecture based on an augmented-state observer for a haptic system under time delay using a LMI approach

One of the most important performance measures of a haptic interface may be characterized by its behaviour in the implementation of a virtual wall in terms of the biggest value of the virtual stiffness that still leaves the device stable. This value depends on many factors including time delays and the virtual world implementation. In this paper we propose a new architecture for this latter factor based on the use of an augmented-state observer which contributes to improving, without additional costs, the performance of a haptic device with respect to the standard implementation based on the use of the backward finite-difference method. In order to compute the stability boundaries of the device in terms of virtual wall parameters, some conditions expressed in terms of LMI (linear matrix inequality) for the stability of discrete-time haptic systems under constant or variable time delay are given. An implementation of a force-feedback haptic test bench is presented. The obtained experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed force-feedback architecture with respect to the traditional backward finite-difference method in enlarging the choice for the parameters of the virtual environment for which the haptic system is stable.
Assessment of the Radiation Tolerance of CdZnTe and HgI$_{2}$ to Solar Proton Events

Single crystals of CdZnTe of dimensions 10 times 10 times 3 mm<sup>3</sup> and HgI<sub>2</sub> of dimensions 10 times 10 times 2 mm<sup>3</sup> were fabricated into planar detectors. Four sets of detectors were then exposed to simulated solar proton events of varying magnitude at the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut in the Netherlands. Events were simulated by generating protons over the energy range 60 MeV to 200 MeV in 10 energy bands which approximated the spectral shape of the August 1972 solar particle event. One pair of detectors (a CdZnTe and a HgI<sub>2</sub>) was exposed to an integral fluence of 10<sup>8</sup> protons cm<sup>-2</sup>, a second to 10<sup>9</sup> protons cm<sup>-2</sup>, a third to 10<sup>10</sup> protons cm<sup>-2</sup> and the fourth to 10<sup>11</sup> protons cm<sup>-2</sup>. The latter corresponds to an absorbed dose in silicon of 100 krad or in SI units, 1 kGy. The detectors were characterized both before and after the irradiations in terms of background count rate and spectral performance using <sup>55</sup>Fe, <sup>109</sup>Cd, <sup>241</sup>Am, <sup>57</sup>Co and <sup>137</sup>Cs radioactive sources. Typical pre-irradiation FWHM energy resolutions of 3 keV and 4 keV were recorded at 60 keV for the CdZnTe and HgI<sub>2</sub> detectors, respectively. It was found that HgI<sub>2</sub> is very radiation tolerant showing little degradation in energy resolution or charge collection efficiency (CCE) for input fluences up to 10<sup>11</sup> protons cm<sup>-2</sup>. CdZnTe, on the other hand, showed a clear degradation in energy resolution and CCE for input fluences above 10<sup>9</sup> protons cm<sup>-2</sup>. For example, the energy resolution degraded by a factor of 3 between 10<sup>9</sup> and 10<sup>10</sup> protons cm<sup>-2</sup> while the CCE decreased by a factor of 2.
TIMOLOL MALEATE IN THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA SIMPLEX AND GLAUCOMA CAPSULARE A three‐year follow up study

180 eyes of 97 patients with primary open angle glaucoma and IOP > 22 mm were treated for more than 3 years with timolol‐maleate. 130 eyes had glaucoma simplex, and 50 eyes had glaucoma capsulare. With timolol maleate as the only medication after 3 years, the IOP was controlled in 33% of the glaucoma simplex group, and in 8% of the glaucoma capsulare group. No serious local or systemic side‐effects were observed.
VIM-12, a Novel Plasmid-Mediated Metallo-β-Lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae That Resembles a VIM-1/VIM-2 Hybrid

ABSTRACT A transferable plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae carried a class 1 integron containing blaVIM-12, a novel blaVIM-type gene, flanked by two copies of aacA7. blaVIM-12 was clustered between blaVIM-1 and blaVIM-2 and differed from blaVIM-1 by 18 nucleotides that were all located at the 3′ end and matched the corresponding nucleotides in blaVIM-2. The blaVIM-12-associated 59-base element was identical to that described in blaVIM-2 alleles.
The Effect of Work Discrimination on the Well-Being of Obese People

Obesity, a serious health problem affecting millions of people in industrialized societies, has also a social dimension that has been mostly ignored by the medical and social sciences. In order to prove that discrimination in the workplace has a bearing on the well-being of obese people, an experimental study was designed in which 110 obese patients of a big Spanish hospital who were at the moment following a weight reduction treatment took part. As expected, a negative relation between discrimination and well-being was found and, in addition, this relationship was mediated by participants' work skills. Stereotype threat effects for obese people in the workplace were also considered. La obesidad representa un importante problema de salud que afecta a millones de perso- na en los paises industrializados. Esta condicion, ademas de los problemas medicos que produce, tiene una dimension social muy importante pero que no ha recibido la misma atencion que otros aspectos de esta epidemia. En este estudio, en el cual participaron 110 pacientes obesos de hospitales espanoles, se analiza como la discriminacion el trabajo afecta el bienestar de las personas obesas. Mediante un diseno experimental se demuestra que la discriminacion esta asociada de forma negativa con el bienestar. Tambien se pone de manifiesto que la relacion entre discriminacion y bienestar esta mediada por las ha - bilidades laborales de las personas obesas. Finalmente, se discute el posible efecto de la amenaza del estereotipo para las personas obesas en el area del trabajo. Palabras clave: obesidad, discriminacion, lugar de trabajo, bienestar.
Human Leukocyte Subpopulations from Inflamed Gut Bind to Joint Vasculature Using Distinct Sets of Adhesion Molecules1

Reactive arthritis can be triggered by inflammatory bowel diseases. We hypothesized that migration of mucosal immune cells from inflamed gut to joints could contribute to the development of reactive arthritis. Here we isolated gut-derived leukocytes from patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Using function-blocking mAbs and in vitro frozen section adhesion assays we studied whether these cells bind to synovial vessels and which molecules mediate the interaction. The results showed that mucosal leukocytes from inflammatory bowel diseased gut bind well to venules in synovial membrane. Small intestinal lymphocytes adhered to synovial vessels using multiple homing receptors and their corresponding endothelial ligands (CD18-ICAM-1, α4β7/α4β1-integrin-VCAM-1, L-selectin-peripheral lymph node addressins, and CD44). Of these, only ICAM-1 significantly supported binding of immunoblasts. In contrast, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-P-selectin interaction accounted for practically all synovial adherence of mucosal macrophages. In addition, blocking of vascular adhesion protein-1 significantly inhibited binding of all these leukocyte subsets to joint vessels. We conclude that different leukocyte populations derived from inflamed gut bind avidly to synovial vessels using distinct repertoire of adhesion molecules, suggesting that their recirculation may contribute to the development of reactive arthritis in inflammatory bowel diseases.
[Comparison of radical retropubic prostatectomy under combined lumbar spinal and epidural anesthesia with that under combined general and epidural anesthesia].

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of combined lumbar spinal and epidural (CLSE) anesthesia in retropubic radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy by a single surgeon (H.K.) under CLSE anesthesia from July of 2003 to February of 2004 were selected as subjects. They were compared with 20 consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy performed by the same surgeon under combined general and epidural (CGE) anesthesia from April to December of 2002. Both periods were carefully selected to exclude radical prostatectomies with intraoperative complications to evaluate genuine effects of anesthesia. For lumbar spinal anesthesia, 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine hydrochloride or 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine hydrochloride (dissolved in a 10% glucose solution) was used. An epidural tube was inserted for both lumbar spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia mainly for the purpose of controlling a pain after operation. RESULTS Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the CLSE anesthesia group compared with CGE anesthesia group (p = 0.024). Postoperative water drinking was started at 0.4 days (average) for CLSE anesthesia and at 1.1 days (average) for CGE anesthesia (p < 0.0001). Postoperative diet was begun at 0.7 days (average) for CLSE anesthesia and at 1.5 days (average) for CGE anesthesia (p < 0.0001). Compared with the CLSE anesthesia group, the mean of the highest intraoperative mean blood pressure was significantly higher in the CGE anesthesia group (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Intraoperative blood loss was less, intraoperative change in blood pressure was less and recovery of postoperative intestinal peristalsis was earlier in patients who underwent prostatectomy under CLSE anesthesia than in patients who underwent prostatectomy under CGE anesthesia. We believe that prostatectomy under CLSE anesthesia is more advantageous than prostatectomy under CGE anesthesia.