Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A high prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV 1/2) infection among Afro-descendants, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador – need for the implementation of surveys and control programs

Background: Infection with the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 1 and 2 is endemic in South America. Although there are reports of the presence of these retroviruses in Ecuador, the infection is usually neglected in healthcare settings and by public health authorities, and no actualized prevalence data are available. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate, using for the first time to our knowledge in Ecuador immunological and molecular biology methodologies, the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in asymptomatic individuals from a potentially high-risk population of Afro-Ecuadorians in the Province of Esmeraldas. Study design: Two hundred and twenty-seven plasma samples from asymptomatic individuals were analyzed for the detection of the HTLV-1/2 virus with three methods: a commercial ELISA, an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay, and a nested-PCR. Results: The overall prevalence of HTLV-1/2 antibodies in this population, as determined with an ELISA, was 11.0%. Both the IF assay and the nested-PCR confirmed a prevalence of 3.5%. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among the Afro-Ecuadorian population of Esmeraldas Province shows the need of the implementation of control and prevention interventions to overcome the further dissemination of the infection. To define the real problem of HTLV-1/2 infection in Ecuador, more prevalence studies have to be undertaken in other Afro-Ecuadorian populations and high-risk populations like the indigenous population of the Andes Mountains and the tropical Amazon region.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF IPA BERORIENTASI GUIDED INQUIRY PADA MATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN MANUSIA KELAS V SDN KEBONSARI 3 MALANG

Multimedia interactive is a computerizing learning methodology covered in compact disc (CD) which contains of an interactive application and some menu which can be clicked to show some necessary information. This research and development are based on Lee & Owen theories. They use some following steps; (1) analysis assessment, (2) designs, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. Because of This model having focus on evolving multimedia, it becomes the most important reasons in carrying on this research in order to discover interactive multimedia product for science study according to guided inquiry about respiratory system in the fifth grade of state elementary school. The result of this research has shown that this certain method, interactive multimedia development, is qualified enough to apply in learning process at school. It is gained from analysis of product validation assessments with 90 % reaching valid category, analysis of product appealing assessments with 93, 3 % of achieving appealing level, analysis of product practicality assessments with 92 % getting practical category, and analysis of product effectiveness assessment with 88, and 5 % with achieving effective level. Multimedia interaktif merupakan media pembelajaran berbasis komputer yang dikemas dalam sebuah CD ( Compact Disk ) yang di dalamnya terdapat aplikasi interaktif dan juga mempunyai menu yang dapat diklik untuk menampilkan suatu informasi tertentu. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan model Lee & Owens. Langkah-langkah pengembangan model Lee & Owens yaitu: (1) penilaian analisis, (2) desain, (3) pengembangan, (4) implementasi, dan (5) evaluasi. Alasan pemilihan model ini karena model ini merupakan model pengembangan yang dikhususkan untuk mengembangkan multimedia. Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini untuk menghasilkan produk multimedia interaktif IPA yang berorientasi guided inquiry materi sistem pernapasan manusia kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa multimedia interaktif ini termasuk dalam kualifikasi layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan analisis penilaian kevalidan produk yang mencapai persentase 90% yang masuk kategori “valid”, analisis penilaian kemenarikan produk yang mencapai persentase 93,3% yang masuk kategori “menarik”, analisis penilaian kepraktisan produk yang mencapai persentase 92% yang masuk kategori “praktis”, dan analisis penilaian keefektifan produk yang mencapai persentase 88,5% yang masuk kategori “efektif”.
The Language Network Is Recruited but Not Required for Nonverbal Event Semantics

The ability to combine individual meanings into complex representations of the world is often associated with language. Yet people also construct combinatorial event-level representations from non-linguistic input, e.g. from visual scenes. Here, we test whether the language network in the human brain is involved in and necessary for semantic processing of nonverbal events. In Experiment 1, we scanned participants with fMRI while they performed a semantic plausibility judgment task vs. a difficult perceptual control task on sentences and line drawings that describe/depict simple agent-patient interactions. We found that the language network responded robustly during the semantic task but not during the perceptual control task. This effect was observed for both sentences and pictures (although the response to sentences was stronger). Thus, language regions in healthy adults are engaged during a semantic task performed on pictorial depictions of events. But is this engagement necessary? In Experiment 2, we tested two individuals with global aphasia, who have sustained massive damage to perisylvian language areas and display severe language difficulties, against a group of age-matched control participants. Individuals with aphasia were severely impaired on a task of matching sentences and pictures. However, they performed close to controls in assessing the plausibility of pictorial depictions of agent-patient interactions. Overall, our results indicate that the left fronto-temporal language network is recruited but not necessary for semantic processing of nonverbal events.
Inhibition of IRF4 in dendritic cells by PRR-independent and -dependent signals inhibit Th2 and promote Th17 responses

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in multiple biological processes. However, little is known about its role in shaping immunity. Here we show that cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling (a pattern recognition receptor [PRR]-independent) regulates conventional type-2 Dendritic Cells (cDC2s), but not cDC1s and reprograms their Th17-inducing properties via repression of IRF4 and KLF4, transcription factors (TFs) for Th2 induction. Genetic loss of IRF4 phenocopies the effects of cAMP signaling on Th17-induction, indicating that the cAMP effect is secondary to repression of IRF4. Moreover, signaling in cDC2s by a PRR-dependent microbial product, curdlan, represses IRF4 and KLF4, resulting in a pro-Th17 phenotype. These results define a novel signaling pathway by which cDC2s display plasticity and provide a new molecular basis for the novel cDC2 and cDC17 classification. In addition, the data reveal that cAMP signaling can alter DCs function and fate by repressing IRF4 and KLF4, a pathway that can be harnessed for immuno-regulation.
Comparison of Individual- and Bulked-Samples-Based Approaches Using RAPD and ISSR Markers for Identifying Genetic Relationships in Brassica Cultivars

Summary Random ampliﬁed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) variation among 24 cultivars of four Brassica species ( B. rapa , B. juncea , B. napus , and B. oleracea ) was examined using individual- and bulked-samples-based approaches. In both the approaches, eight plants were sampled for each cultivar, and were ampliﬁed individually and as bulked DNA, respectively. In total, 305 and 422 bands were scored in the individual- and bulked-samples-based approaches, respectively, and almost all the bands (99.8– 100%) were polymorphic. Based on the individual-samples dataset, the within cultivar variation was smaller than the among cultivars variation, leading to a distribution reﬂecting genome compositions of each cultivar with principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis. Although PCoA and UPGMA analysis based on bulked-samples data clustered the cultivars into groups with more emphasized variance among species than the results obtained by the individual-based approach, both PCoA plots and dendrograms of the individual- and bulked-samples-based approaches, respectively, were highly cor-related with each other. These ﬁndings indicate that the number of individuals used to proﬁle each cultivar can be reduced to eight per cultivar for analysis of the genetic variability in Brassica using RAPD and ISSR polymor-phism, and the bulked-samples-based approach can be used to describe the genetic relationship among Brassica cultivars.
Study of drug prescription pattern in ischemic heart disease patients

Background: Drug utilization pattern studies helps to screen, assess and propose appropriate modifications in prescription practices, this would help to make patient care rational and cost effective. Study was intended to analyse the drug prescribing pattern for treatment of Ischemic heart disease using WHO indicators.Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted on ischemic heart disease patients admitted at inpatient department of medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study consisted of analysis of drug utilization pattern of prescribed drugs.Results: IHD was more commonly seen in males (70.06%) than females (29.94%). IHD was most commonly seen in patients of age group of 61-70 year. Drugs prescribed to patients belong to various therapeutic classes ranging from anti-platelets, anticoagulants, anti-anginal, antithrombin, thrombolytic, hypolipidemics. The most commonly prescribed therapeutic class of drugs was antiplatelet (86.26%) followed by hypolipidemic (82.25%) and ACE inhibitors drugs (46.60%). Average number of drugs per encounter was 7.70. Drugs were prescribed by their generic names were 29.99%. Out of total study group 22.06% patients were prescribed at least one antibiotic. Injections were prescribed only in 1392 (27.86%) out of 4995 drugs. Of total drugs 3270 (65.45%) of drugs were from National List of Essential Medicines-2016 (NLEM -2016) and 2774 (55.53%) drugs prescribed were from WHO-EML-2016.Conclusions: Risk of artery disease increased with increasing age. IHD was more common in males than females. The most commonly prescribed drug classes in Ischemic heart disease were anti-platelet drugs followed by hypolipidemic agents.
Workplace stress and its relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors among bus drivers in Egypt.

Background Driving buses exposes the drivers to many stressors that can increase their cardiovascular risk factors. Aims The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of workplace stress and its association with cardiovascular risk factors among bus drivers in Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 bus drivers in Cairo, Egypt. Data were collected over a period of 6 months from August 2016 to January 2017. For all drivers, blood pressure, body weight and height and random blood sugar were measured. Professional driving duration/age ratio was calculated. Comparison between cardiovascular risk factors and workplace stress score was made. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression models. Results A high prevalence of workplace stress (83.3%) was observed among bus drivers. Moreover, a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly tobacco smoking (65.0%), physical inactivity (93.6%) and hypertension (33.3%), was noted. After adjustment for age and other confounding factors, the risk factors associated with workplace stress were overweight/obesity and hypertension. Conclusions There is a positive association between workplace stress and some cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and overweight/obesity, among bus drivers in Egypt.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DENGAN TERAPI FISIK

Latar belakang: Diabetes mellitus adalah kelainan metabolisme yang disebabkan oleh pankreas kronis yang tidak menghasilkan cukup insulin atau secara efektif menghasilkan insulin yang tidak dapat digunakan oleh tubuh. Prevalensi diabetes mellitus yang tergantung insulin pada tahun 2012 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah adalah 0,06 lebih rendah dari tahun 2011 (0,09%). Kabupaten Semarang adalah prevalensi tertinggi 0,66%. Sedangkan pada tahun 2012 prevalensi kasus DM tipe II menurun dari 0,63% menjadi 0,55%. Pada tahun 2014 Kota Sukoharjo melaporkan bahwa sebanyak 5.413 kasus meningkat dibandingkan dengan kasus pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 5.052 kasus. Kualitas hidup sangat penting dalam mengelola suatu penyakit, seperti penyakit DM. Kualitas hidup pasien DM dapat ditingkatkan melalui terapi fisik. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien DM melalui terapi fisik. Metode: Metode eksperimen semu. Desain tes kelompok sebelum desain dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil: Pada kelompok perlakuan kualitas hidup pasien DM mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dari pertemuan pertama sampai keenam, dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p <0,05). Perawatan terapi fisik memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien dengan diabetes mellitus, perawatan kontrol tidak secara signifikan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dengan diabetes mellitus dan perawatan terapi fisik lebih baik dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan: Terapi terapi fisik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes mellitus.
CEREAL SPECIES EFFECT ON PROTEIN CONTENT IN PEA GRAINS IN LEGUME CEREAL MIXTURES DEPENDING CROPPING SYSTEM

Within the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme project “Enhancing of legumes growing in Europe through sustainable cropping for protein supply for food and feed” (EUROLEGUME) producing of the knowledge required for the implementation of legume supported cropping system in sustainable agriculture was done. The main objective of this study was to investigate spring cereal species effect on protein content in pea grains depending cropping system (organic and conventional). The research involved two field pea (Pisum sativum var.arvense L.) cultivars – ‘Kirke’ and ‘Bruno’, and two spring cereal species: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in mixtures. The results demonstrated that in pea-cereal mixtures cereal species can affect the protein content of grains of pea. Depending cultivar the effect was different. In grains of cv ‘Bruno’ crude protein content was highest; the higher the protein of grains fixed in yield from organic field.
A Survey of Fecal Calprotectin in Children with Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease with Villous Atrophy

Background: Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been used as a diagnostic marker in intestinal inflammatory conditions. Objectives: As a few studies have been dedicated to assess the role of FC in coeliac disease (CD), the current study aimed to address this issue. Methods: This study included 70 newly diagnosed CD (Marsh score 3) and 70 healthy children. The study was performed at the pediatric ward of Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol city, the southeast of Iran, during June 2016-September 2017. The FC level was determined using a specific ELISA kit. Results: Women constituted 64.3% (45/70) and 55.1% (38/70) of CD and healthy children, respectively (P = 0.1). Three was no significant difference in the mean age between children with CD (6.3 ± 3.4) and without CD (8.3 ± 4.5) (P = 0.2). The mean level of FC was significantly higher in patients (239.1 ± 177.3 μg/g) than in healthy controls (38.5 ± 34.6 μg/g, P < 0.001). The titer of anti-tTG was significantly higher in patients than in healthy children (205.9 ± 156.2 U/mL vs. 6.7 ± 2.1 U/mL, respectively, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the FC level and anti-tTG titer (r = 0.611, P < 0.001). However, the correlation was not statistically significant between FC and age (r = -0.154, 0.07). The ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC value of 0.893 (95% CI: 0.827 0.960, P < 0.001). At the level of 50 μg/g, FC rendered the sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 92%, respectively, for the diagnosis of CD. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FC at this cutoff value were 95.5% and 90.5%, respectively. Conclusions: FC can be considered a screening complementary tool for detecting CD with high sensitivity and specificity.
Factors Influencing Surgical Outcome of Intermittent Exotropia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting surgical results of intermittent exotropia. Methods: A prospective interventional study included patients with basic type of intermittent exotropia who had undergone surgical treatment with a postoperative follow up period of 1 month or more. Surgical success was defined as an alignment between 10 prism diopters (PD) of exotropia or 10 PD of esotropia at 1 month. The factors investigated were: sex, age of patients, and age at initial surgery, family history, preoperative angle of deviation, type of surgery, the tendon width of lateral rectus muscle, refractive error, near binocular single vision, and postoperative alignment. After data collection, data were analyzed in SPSS version 25 software. Results: The study included 26 patients, 13 (50%) male and 13 (50%) female followed up for 3 months. All of patients achieved surgical success but patients with larger preoperative angle of deviation, older age and larger tendon muscle width showed exotropia with in (10PD) which showed slight improvement during period of follow up while those with smaller preoperative angle, younger age and smaller tendon muscle width showed esotropia with in (10) PD and associated with postoperative diplopia relieved during period of follow up with improvement of esotropia. Conclusion: In intermittent exotropia, age, tendon width, preoperative angle of deviation may predict the surgical success rate. Younger age, smaller preoperative angle, smaller tendon muscle width, early postoperative small angle esotropia were associated with a higher surgical success.
Nest Survival of Grassland Breeding Birds in a Southern Mixed-Grass Prairie Wetland

As a group, grassland birds have been declining significantly since European settlement of the prairie. The subsequent plowing of the prairie by settlers was compounded by fire suppression, resulting in a patchwork of cultivated fields with intermittent tracts of overgrown grassland. Over an interval of ~200 years, these practices lead to an estimated decline of 96 % of native tallgrass prairie habitat. Due to the imperiled status of grassland birds, an emphasis has been placed on managing for this particular group throughout the southern mixed-grass prairie region. I investigated the effects of adaptive three-pasture rotational grazing treatments (3ROT) versus traditional season-long grazing treatments (SLG) and other sources of variation on common grassland nesting species at Cheyenne Bottoms Preserve (CBP). I attempted to determine if any significant trends in nest survival could be inferred at the treatment-level scale for grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglect), and eastern meadowlarks (S. magna). In addition to constructing nest survival models, I also measured vegetation variables at nest sites and randomly throughout both treatments. A total of 160 nests were located during the 2012 and 2013 field seasons. For grasshopper sparrows, the resulting final-stage models suggest daily nest survival (DNS) at CBP is linked to litter depth at the nest site and to various factors within the year that were either not measured or non-discernible. For meadowlarks, the resulting final-stage models suggest DNS at CBP is linked to a multitude of measured variables, but most strongly linked to visual obstruction (VOR) at the nest site, mean daily precipitation, and to the specific year. Percent litter coverage and vegetation heights were greater in 3ROT than SLG. Percent bare ground was greater in SLG than 3ROT. Further investigation is needed to better define variables linked to daily nest survival during non-drought conditions and throughout the season at CBP and similar eco-regions within the southern mixed-grass prairie.
Comparative chloroplast genomic analyses revealed extensive genomic arrangement in some core and non-core caryophyllales

The order Caryophyllales exhibit diverse diversity in morphology to molecules, which leads to taxonomic complexities in circumscribing especially to its families. The comparative analysis of the available chloroplast genome to detect pattern of genomic arrangement and variation is lacking; hence, the alignment pattern and genomic rearrangement across the Caryophyllales were detected, and the phylogenetic relationship among the families of the Caryophyllales based on maximum cp genes were inferred. The comparison of the Caryophyllales cp genomes based on representatives of 10 families with Taxillus chinensis as reference genome revealed that coding region were more conserved than the non-coding region; however, clpP, rpl16 and ycf15 were the most divergent coding region among all taxa. Further, the genomic rearrangement occurred in gene organization of the taxa among different families of Caryophyllales, the extensive rearrangement were observed in Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae,Droseraceae and Cactaceae.
A Possible Explanation for Non-responders, Responders and Super-responders to Biologics in Severe Asthma

Response to biologic therapies in severe asthma is variable, with patients being either nonresponders, responders or super-responders. There is currently no explanation for this variation in response. If asthma-specific inflammatory pathways are part of a wider network of pathogenic mechanisms (including systemic inflammation), then the state of this wider network could either help or hinder the effect of the biologic. People with severe asthma are often polysymptomatic with a variable frequency of nonrespiratory symptoms. Application of existing network theory would predict that high systemic inflammation, measurable by the frequency of nonrespiratory symptoms, should decrease the effectiveness of biologics, a prediction consistent with the limited existing data. A detailed examination of the relationship between biologic response and the frequency or profile of nonrespiratory symptoms would provide a testable prediction of this hypothesis. The clinical presentation of super-responders is consistent with biologics sometimes having a positive effect on the pathology (level of dysregulation) in a network system. If that were the case, then network theory predicts the possibility of a short-term increase in nonrespiratory symptoms prior to the improvement reported by super-responders. If biologics lead to less network dysregulation in some patients, then this raises the possibility of new applications for this therapy and of an improved response to biologics if lifestyle improvement is started prior to biologic therapy.