Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of methane and formation fluid leakage along the casing of a decommissioned shale gas well

Methane and brine leakage rates and associated time scales along the cemented casing of a hypothetical decommissioned shale gas well have been assessed with a multiphase flow and multicomponent numerical model. The conceptual model used for the simulations assumes that the target shale formation is 200 m thick, overlain by a 750 m thick caprock, which is in turn overlain by a 50 m thick surficial sand aquifer, the 1000 m geological sequence being intersected by a fully penetrating borehole. This succession of geological units is representative of the region targeted for shale gas exploration in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Québec, Canada). The simulations aimed at assessing the impact of well casing cementation quality on methane and brine leakage at the base of a surficial aquifer. The leakage of fluids can subsequently lead to the contamination of groundwater resources and/or, in the case of methane migration to ground surface, to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The minimum reported surface casing vent flow (measured at ground level) for shale gas wells in Quebec (0.01 m3/d) is used as a reference to evaluate the impact of well casing cementation quality on methane and brine migration. The simulations suggest that an adequately cemented borehole (with a casing annulus permeability kc ≤ 1 mD) can prevent methane and brine leakage over a time scale of up to 100 years. However, a poorly cemented borehole (kc ≥ 10 mD) could yield methane leakage rates at the base of an aquifer ranging from 0.04 m3/d to more than 100 m3/d, depending on the permeability of the target shale gas formation after abandonment and on the quantity of mobile gas in the formation. These values are compatible with surface casing vent flows reported for shale gas wells in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada). The simulated travel time of methane from the target shale formation to the surficial aquifer is between a few months and 30 years, depending on cementation quality and hydrodynamic properties of the casing annulus. Simulated long‐term brine leakage rates after 100 years for poorly cemented boreholes are on the order of 10−5 m3/d (10 mL/d) to 10−3 m3/d (1 L/d). Based on scoping calculations with a well‐mixed aquifer model, these rates are unlikely to have a major impact on groundwater quality in a confined aquifer since they would only increase the chloride concentration in a pristine aquifer to 1 mg/L, which is significantly below the commonly recommended aesthetic objective of 250 mg/L for chloride.
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Income Distribution and Poverty: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach for Indonesia

The paper seeks to quantitatively measure the impact of fiscal policy on income distribution and poverty in Indonesia using WAYANG, the CGE model for Indonesian economy. We find that scenarios for fiscal expansion significantly influence income distribution and poverty. Fiscal expansion mainly benefits urban households and non-labour rural households - basically, the wealthiest segments of the society. We have are several explanations. First, factors of production owned by these segments allowed them to reap the most benefits from fiscal expansions. Second, these households are least affected by price increases due to their consumption structure. Finally, we find that, in real terms, the Indonesia's taxation system burdens poorer households more than richer ones.
Capitalising on positive work events by sharing them at home

The authors integrate existing theory on work–family integration and interpersonal capitalisation on positive work events by examining the effects of sharing positive work events with one's spouse on employee life satisfaction. A field study was conducted with 131 employees of a large Midwestern university, who completed surveys online. Participants provided accounts of their most important positive event during the prior week and indicated whether they had shared this event with their spouse. They also retrospectively rated their positive affect and life satisfaction over the course of the study. Results based on hierarchical regression analysis indicated that having shared that event with one's spouse was positively associated with positive affect and life satisfaction after controlling for personality and event characteristics. These results were corroborated in a subsample of 99 employees whose spouses provided independent reports of whether the event was shared with them. This research reveals that sharing positive events with others has unique and significant contributions to positive affect and life satisfaction. More importantly, these findings show that the interpersonal act of sharing is effective when conducted cross-domain: the act of sharing positive work events with family members increases positive affect and life satisfaction.
Class and culture in Germany

The article develops a typological map of the class cultures in German y (including a short comparison with the typologies of France, Italy and Britain). It is based on ample qualitative research and representative surveys organised by a new, dynamic interpretation of the theory of class habitus and social space developed by Bourdieu. It's methodology centers on Durkheim's concept of "milieu" which unites the occupational and the cultural dimensions of class. Social classes are defined primarily not as aggregates of the official employment statistics but as aggregates of social action, i. e. as groups united and distinguished b y common habitus, practices and tastes. However, the class cultures of everyday life do not translate directly into political or ideological cleavages. The main si x ideological camps of the political field draw their adherents from different, thoug h neighbouring milieus in distinct zones of social space. As a whole, the researc h supports the hypothesis of class differentiation and not of class erosion. In this ar ti cle, the re will be de ve lo ped a typo lo gi cal map of class cul tu res i n Ger many. It is ba sed on a se ri es of re se arch pro jects or ga ni sed by a new, dyna mic in ter pre ta ti on of the Bour di eu ap pro ach to class ha bi tus and so ci al spa ce. In it's met ho do logy, the re se arch cen te red on Durk he im's con cept of mi li eu which uni tes the oc cu pa ti o nal and the cul tu ral di men si ons. So ci al clas ses were de fi ne d pri ma rily not as the ag gre ga tes of the of fi ci al em ploy ment sta tis tics but as ag gre ga tes of so ci al ac ti on, i.e. as groups uni ted by a com mon ha bi tus and the res pec ti ve pat terns of prac ti ce and tas te by which they dis tin guish them sel ves from ot her mi li e us. Accor ding to it's ha bi tus type, each mi li eu fol lows spe ci fic stra te gi es of the life cour se which also in clu de spe ci fic edu ca ti o nal an d oc cu pa ti o nal go als and me ans and, when frus tra ted, the ir subs ti tu tes. Thus, oc cu pa ti o nal po si ti ons are not eli mi na ted from struc tu ral analy sis — as some of the the o rists of post-ma te ri a lism, af flu en ce and class less ness will have it. Inste ad, it is seen in a di a lec ti cal re la ti on to the so ci al group's prac ti cal self-de fi ni ti on. As will be shown, this mul ti-le vel ap pro ach uni tes the di men si ons in the ir re la ti ons and the re fo re al lows to lo ca te each mi li eu in a mul ti di men si o n al map of the oc cu pa ti o nal po si ti ons (fig. 3) as well as in his to ri cal maps whic h iden tify the ir des cen den ce from ol der mi li e us and class cul tu res (fig. 4), in maps of the spa ti al con fi gu ra ti on of mi li e us in so ci ety as a who le (fig. 5) and in maps of the ir po li ti cal dis po si ti ons (fig. 6). In this ar ti cle, the pre sen ta ti on of Ger man re se arch on the dyna mics of mi li e us is con nec ted with the dis cus si on of three ques ti ons:
Microencruster-microbial framework and synsedimentary cements in the Štramberk Limestone (Carpathians, Czech Republic): Insights into reef zonation

The Stramberk Limestone (Tithonian–lower Berriasian) was developed on a northerly located, isolated intra-Tethyan carbonate platform. It is composed of various facies that can be observed in olistoliths and blocks embedded in the Cretaceous flysch of the Outer Carpathians in Moravia (Czech Republic). Corals, microbialites, microencrusters and synsedimentary cements contributed on various scales to the reef framework. The importance of corals and some microencrusters to the formation of the Stramberk reef complex is well recognized, while other components received less attention in previous studies. Two end members of boundstone types are described from the Kotouc Quarry, near Stramberk. Boundstone type A is dominated by phaceloid (branching-type) corals, encrusted by microbialites and microencrusters, in particular photophile species (“ Lithocodium-Bacinella”, Koskinobullina socialis Cherchi et Schroeder, Iberopora bodeuri Granier et Berthou). Boundstone type B is composed of microencrusters, microbialites and synsedimentary isopachous fibrous cements, while corals are absent or subordinate. Microencrusters [ Crescentiella morronensis (Crescenti) , Labes atramentosa Eliasova , Perturbatacrusta leini Schlagintweit et Gawlick , Radiomura cautica Senowbari-Daryan et Schafer , thin encrusting calcified sponges] are main biotic components of the microencruster-cement boundstone. Some identified microencrusters are known only or mostly from intra-Tethyan carbonate platforms. Except for C. morronensis, other common microencrusters in the coral-microbial boundstone (type A) are rare in the microencruster-cement boundstone (type B). The depositional setting of boundstone type A corresponds to a low-energy environment of an inner platform. Boundstone type B, until now not recognized in the Stramberk Limestone, was developed in a high-energy, upper fore-reef slope environment. Other important facies in the Kotouc Quarry are reef-derived breccias: matrix-supported breccia and clast-supported breccia with radiaxial-fibrous cement (showing some similarities to Triassic “evinosponges” cement), interpreted as being dominantly synsedimentary (pre-burial). The preliminary studies by the present authors, supported by observations under cathodoluminescence, highlight the significance of synsedimentary cementation for the formation of a boundstone framework (type B) and the stabilization of fore-reef, slope deposits.
Screening through Activation? Differential Effects of a Youth Activation Program

ABSTRACT We study the dual role of active labor market policies. First, active labor market programs (ALMPs) may perform a screening role by increasing job-search incentives already before program participation, especially among individuals with good labor market prospects. Second, actual program participation may help individuals with poor labor market prospects. We examine whether this type of pattern can be found in individual responses to a nationwide youth activation program in Sweden using a regression discontinuity (RD) design. We find that individuals with a high predicted probability of finding work respond to the threat of activation, whereas there is no effect for individuals with weak labor market prospects.
Release of active peptidyl arginine deiminases by neutrophils can explain production of extracellular citrullinated autoantigens in RA synovial fluid

Citation for published version (Harvard): Spengler, J, Lugonja, B, Ytterberg, AJ, Zubarev, RA, Creese, A, Pearson, M, Grant, M, Milward, M, Lundberg, K, Buckley, C, Filer, A, Raza, K, Cooper, P, Chapple, I & Scheel-Toellner, D 2015, 'Release of active peptidyl arginine deiminases by neutrophils can explain production of extracellular citrullinated autoantigens in RA synovial fluid' Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken), vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 3135–3145. DOI: 10.1002/art.39313
International Journal of Instruction

In most ELT classes, the importance of grammar, how it should be taught or how much it should be integrated into language teaching are still matters of discussion. Considering this fact, learning teachers’ attitudes towards teaching grammar is significantly valuable for researchers. This study thus aimed to design a scale that identifies teachers’ attitudes towards the role of grammar in the process of teaching English, to pilot it, and to find out the psychometric qualities like reliability and validity of the scale designed. The scale was developed in two phases; it was first aimed to explore the factor structure of the scale, then to confirm the structure gained from the exploration of the items. The study was carried out in 2015 and 247 volunteer language teachers from 3 state universities in Eskişehir and Kütahya were included. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the scale developed in this study was a considerably valid and reliable data collection tool including three factors. Finally, the analyses indicated that gender and graduate faculties did not create significant differences whereas age and the degrees obtained by the teachers created a considerable difference on language teachers’ attitudes towards grammar teaching (p<.05).
Histone Code and Higher-Order Chromatin Folding: A Hypothesis

Histone modifications alone or in combination are thought to modulate chromatin structure and function; a concept termed histone code. By combining evidence from several studies, we investigated if the histone code can play a role in higher-order folding of chromatin. Firstly using genomic data, we analyzed associations between histone modifications at the nucleosome level. We could dissect the composition of individual nucleosomes into five predicted clusters of histone modifications. Secondly, by assembling the raw reads of histone modifications at various length scales, we noticed that the histone mark relationships that exist at nucleosome level tend to be maintained at the higher orders of chromatin folding. Recently, a high-resolution imaging study showed that histone marks belonging to three of the five predicted clusters show structurally distinct and anti-correlated chromatin domains at the level of chromosomes. This made us think that the histone code can have a significant impact in the overall compaction of DNA: at the level of nucleosomes, at the level of genes, and finally at the level of chromosomes. As a result, in this article, we put forward a theory where the histone code drives not only the functionality but also the higher-order folding and compaction of chromatin.
Lateral Bracing of Long-Span Florida Bulb-Tee Girders

The primary objectives of this research were to evaluate the lateral stability of long-span Florida bulb-tee girders during the bridge construction process and to offer recommendations for improving such stability. Numerical analysis techniques were used to quantify girder buckling capacities as functions of girder cross-sectional; properties, span length, and bridge skew angle. In addition, the influences of factors such as girder sweep, bearing pad creep, and bracing stiffness were investigated as part of a comprehensive parametric study involving 4800 separate buckling analyses. Moderate-term (72 hours) bearing pad creep data were obtained from experimental testing and integrated into numerical analysis models. Results from the parametric study, and associated parameter sensitivity studies, indicated that girder buckling capacities are not strongly influenced by bearing pad creep, but are strongly influenced by the interaction of skew angle and girder slope. Simplified (and conservative) equations were then developed for use in assessing girder buckling strength under the combined effects of skew angle, field imperfections (e.g.sweep), and boundary conditions. A preliminary parametric study of limited scope was also carried out to assess girder stability under lateral wind pressure loading, again taking into account the effects of section type, span length, skew angle, and field conditions such as sweep. Based on results from the wind load parametric study, which involved 480 separate analyses, a preliminary wind capacity estimation equation was developed.
Regulation of Glycogenolysis in the Uterus of the Mouse during Post-implantation Pregnancy 1: Hormonal Control

The present study investigated the pattern of glycogen deposition and the regulation of glycogenolysis in the liver and uterus of the mouse during peri- and post-implantation pregnancy.The results showed that through days 3 to 13 of pregnancy, uterine glycogen both in the endometrial tissue and the whole uterus changed significantly with advancing pregnancy. Thus, glycogen concentration in endometrium increased significantly through days 3 and 9, and then slightly decreased through day 13. Similarly, glycogen concentration in the whole uterus increased through days 3 to 9 but remained unchanged through days 9 to 13 of pregnancy. However, endometrial glycogen concentration were higher than in the whole uterus, suggesting that glycogen was deposited mainly in the decidualized endometrium during peri- and post-implantation pregnancy. The total content of glycogen per uterus underwent more than a 50-fold increase from an initial value about 0.1193 mmol of glycosyl units/uterus to approximately 6.0321 mmol of glycosyl units/uterus on day 13. Treatment of day 9-pregnant mice with either ethanol (3.0 g/kg body weight), epinephrine (1mg/kg body weight) or glucagon (1 and 10 mg/mouse) decreased (P<0.001) the concentration of liver glycogen 1h after treatment. However, only glucagon at the high dose (10 mg/mouse) slightly decreased the uterine concentration of glycogen (P<0.05). Whether or not the hormones affect phosphorylase activity will be determined in the next publication. Key words: glycogenolysis, uterus, mouse, pregnancy, hormonal control
An Analysis of Document Retrieval and Clustering Using an Effective Semantic Distance Measure

AN ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL AND CLUSTERING USING AN EFFECTIVE SEMANTIC DISTANCE MEASURE Nathan S. Davis Department of Computer Science Master of Science As large amounts of digital information become more and more accessible, the ability to effectively find relevant information is increasingly important. Search engines have historically performed well at finding relevant information by relying primarily on lexical and word based measures. Similarly, standard approaches to organizing and categorizing large amounts of textual information have previously relied on lexical and word based measures to perform grouping or classification tasks. Quite often, however, these processes take place without respect to semantics, or word meanings. This is perhaps due to the fact that the idea of meaningful similarity is naturally qualitative, and thus difficult to incorporate into quantitative processes. In this thesis we formally present a method for computing quantitative document-level semantic distance, which is designed to model the degree to which humans would associate two documents with respect to conceptual similarity. We show how this metric can be applied to document retrieval and clustering problems. We conclude that while our metric is not well suited for text indexing, the use of our semantic distance metric can improve document retrieval through result set reranking and query expansion. We also conclude that our semantic distance metric can be used to improve document clustering in distance-based clustering algorithms.
Flights of Fancy: Corporate Jets, CEO Perquisites, and Inferior Shareholder Returns

This paper studies perquisites of major company CEOs, focusing on personal use of company planes. For firms that have disclosed this managerial benefit, average shareholder returns under-perform market benchmarks by more than 4 percent annually, a severe gap far exceeding the costs of resources consumed. Around the date of the initial disclosure, firms' stock prices drop by an average of 1.1 percent. Regression analysis finds no significant associations between CEOs' perquisites and their compensation or percentage ownership, but variables related to personal CEO characteristics, especially long-distance golf club memberships, have significant explanatory power for personal aircraft use.
The Evolution of Natural Plant Communities through Crop Migration and Crop-to-weed Gene Flow

With the rising demand for food and biofuels, the efficiency of crop production has become vital to assuring food security. Genetically engineered (GE) crop varieties are broadly thought to be a solution for improving the efficiency of crop production, but concerns regarding their release have heightened as more discoveries have focused on the influence of genetically engineered crops on native and weedy plant species. Risk assessment of GE crop varieties focuses on two main areas: feralization of crop systems and crop-weed hybridization. Risks include naturalization, transgene introgression, and the formation of novel genotypes in natural systems. In this study, roadside surveys and sentinel plant experiments were conducted in North Dakota, U.S.A. in order to assess the risks facing natural plant communities by crop migration and crop to weed gene flow. We documented the establishment of transgenic, persisting canola (Brassica napus L.) populations on a large spatial scale in the U.S.A. and the development of novel genotypes within these populations. We also identify species and population level differences in hybridization rates between transgenic canola and weedy Brassica species within a commercial field environment. This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council.
Modelling Contact in Rocking Structures with a Nonsmooth Dynamics Approach

Abstract. Rocking action isolates the structure from excessive lateral loads and relieves it from deformation and damage. A complete description of the dynamics of a rocking structure entails, apart from the equation of motion, an appropriate treatment of the contact phenomenon. To date, most analytical and numerical investigations of rocking behavior treat contact with the classical impact model or with ad-hoc assumptions. This paper revisits the contact process adopting a nonsmooth dynamics approach. More specifically, it treats impact through a system of inequalities, which is known as the linear complementarity problem (LCP). Throughout the study, impact is considered to be instantaneous. Set-valued contact laws model the behavior in the normal direction of the (unilateral) contact. The analysis assumes that sliding in the tangential direction is prevented. The present study demonstrates the ability of the proposed methodology to capture the impact behavior of different structures rocking on a rigid base. The results show that the proposed LCPs verify the corresponding results of other methodologies. In addition, the proposed nonsmooth dynamics approach offers a more concise description of the impact problem in rocking structures and it contributes to a more realistic treatment and better understanding of the contact phenomenon during rocking.