Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
She’s Not a Person . . . She’s Just a Woman! Infra-Humanization and Intimate Partner Violence

This article examines the association between a target’s perceived humanness and individuals’ willingness to provide help and support in cases of violence against women (VAW), specifically, intimate partner violence (IPV). In an experimental study, undergraduates read a fictitious article from a newspaper describing an IPV episode of a man hitting his wife and accusing her of cheating on him. According to the experimental condition, they then read that the victim either had or had not admitted the infidelity. Participants then judged the victim on an infra-humanization scale and expressed their willingness to provide help and support to the victim herself as if they were a neighbor witnessing the attack. Results showed that a victim admitting an affair with another man (admission condition) elicited lower perceived humanness and lower willingness to provide help than a victim denying such adultery (no admission condition). Moreover, targets’ perceived humanness mediated the effect of contextual features on participants’ willingness to provide help to the victim. Results are discussed in terms of victim blaming, and practical implications for prevention strategies are presented.
Demography Vs. Context: A Cross-Country Survey of the Willingness to Rely on Trust in Business Partnerships

We explore the determinants of the willingness to rely on trust in a business partnership where both partners are at risk. By focusing on the willingness to rely on trust (WTRT) we reduce the methodological challenge of perception-based approaches where trust is measured as an expectation on the partner's behavior. Executives in several countries were presented with a proposal for a business partnership and were asked about the level of safeguards they would require in the agreement, their main concerns as to future conditions, and to what extent their views would be affected by several behaviors and/or events. Twelve hypotheses are tested using path analysis and multiple/hierarchical regressions. Whereas our findings confirm prior results on differences in the propensity to trust between nationalities, they suggest that several organizational, functional and contextual variables mediate their impact in determining WTRT in inter-organizational ventures. Among these are the partners' cultural proximity, their concerns about business risk, and two organizational demographics regarding the size of the organization. In addition, we found that sensitivity to external information on partner's benevolence and the respondent's education and industry affected WTRT significantly.
Anti-herpesvirus Activity of Two Novel 4 ’-Thiothymidine Derivatives KAY-2-41 and KAH-39-149 is 1 dependent on viral and cellular thymidine kinases 2 3 4

24 The emergence of drug-resistant herpesviruses represents a significant problem in clinical practice, primarily 25 in immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, effective antiviral therapy against gammaherpesvirus26 associated diseases is lacking. Here, we present two thiothymidine derivatives, KAY-2-41 and KAH-39-149, 27 with different spectrum of antiviral activity compared to reference anti-herpetic drugs, showing inhibitory 28 activities against herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and particularly against Epstein-Barr virus with 29 high selectivity in vitro. While KAY-2-41and KAH-39-149-resistant herpesviruses harbored mutations in 30 the viral thymidine kinase (TK), these mutations conferred only low levels of resistance to these drugs, but 31 high levels to other TK-dependent drugs. Also, antiviral assays in Hela TK-deficient cells showed lack of 32 KAY-2-41 and KAH-39-149 activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 TK-deficient mutants. Furthermore, 33 enzymatic TK assays showed the ability of HSV-1 TK, VZV TK, cellular TK1 and TK2 to recognize and 34 phosphorylate KAY-2-41 and KAH-39-149. These results demonstrated that the compounds depend on both 35 viral and host TKs to exert their antiviral activity. Additionally, the antiviral efficacy of KAH-39-149 36 proved superior to that of KAY-2-41 in a mouse model of gammaherpesvirus infection, highlighting the 37 potential of this class of antiviral agents for further development as selective therapeutics against Epstein38
Mean platelet volume in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in mean platelet volume (MPV) between neonates with and without neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Eighty‐three premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. Forty‐four of these infants were diagnosed as having RDS and the other 39 infants were non‐RDS patients. Infants born to mothers with pre‐eclampsia, or a drug history that had negative effects on platelet count, perinatal hypoxia, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis were excluded. Blood collection was done on the first and third days of life. There were no demographic, gestational or platelet count differences between groups, but MPV was higher in RDS patients and this difference was statistically significant (P= 0.011). High platelet volumes in RDS patients is probably related to young platelet production and may be a result of increased platelet consumption in pulmonary damage due to RDS.
A hitherto unreported high incidence of zoledronic acid-induced acute phase reaction in patients with cancer treatment-induced bone loss.

The major adverse effect of i.v. administration of aminobisphosphonates (N-BPs) [such as pamidronate and zoledronic acid (ZA)] is the development of an acute-phase response (APR) in about one-third of patients who receive the treatment for the first time [1]. The APR is maximal within 28–36 h of i.v. administration and disappears 2–3 days later, despite continuing treatment. This reaction is characterized by a transient pyrexia and increased circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon (IFN) [2–4]. The reported incidence is variable, ranging between 10% and 50% in osteoporotic, pagetic and cancer patients according to the type of N-BP administration [5], and also to the different assessment criteria used to classify the APR. The exact molecular basis for the acute-phase effect is unclear. Some studies have suggested that N-BPs can directly activate and stimulate proliferation of T gamma/delta cells by acting as nonpeptide phosphoantigens [like isopentenyl biphosphate (IPP) or dimethylallyl diphosphate] that bind to the T-cell receptor [6, 7]. Thompson and Rogers [8] have recently demonstrated that potency of N-BPs for activating gamma/delta T cells correlates to potency of these compounds for inhibiting farnesyl-pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase. They hypothesize that internalization of N-BPs by T cells or other peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) rapidly leads to inhibition of FPP synthase, causing intracellular accumulation of IPP metabolites upstream of FPP synthase in the mevalonate pathway. PBMCs release or present these metabolites to gamma/delta T cells for their selective activation, proliferation and differentiation to terminal effectors. As a consequence, pyrexia and increased levels of CRP and IL-6 observed in vivo may be the effect of the increase in TNF-a and IFN-c released by gamma/delta T terminal effectors. In this letter, we report the incidence and the characteristics of ZA-induced acute phase reaction episodes observed in a cohort of 25 patients with history of breast cancer and an osteoporosis (T score ‡ 2 standard deviation) secondary to at least 1 year of aromatase inhibitor treatment. The incidence of fever (defined as a transient increase of body temperature >37.5 C with an increase ‡1.0 C at 24 h) in our patients’ cohort was 68% (17 of 25 patients). The median temperature was 38.3 C (range 37.5 C–39.4 C). The median time of onset was 12 h, ranging from 8 to 24 h. The median duration of fever was 36 h (range 24–48 h). Finally, the incidence of arthralgia was 72%, that of chills was 12%. The median duration of arthralgia was 36 h (range 14–288). The incidence of APR observed in our cohort of patients is apparently somewhat higher than those reported in other series of cancer patients treated for the first time with an N-BP. We cannot exclude a pathogenic role of aromatase inhibitors in Annals of Oncology letters to the editor
Relationship Between Reduction in Food Intake and Amelioration of Hyperglycemia by Oral Vanadate in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

The insulin-like effects of vanadium compounds in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, including the amelioration of hyperglycemia, have been documented by a number of investigators (1-3). However, in the January issue of Diabetes, Malabu et al. (4) reported that the antihyperglycemic action of vanadate in the STZ-induced diabetic rat is attributable entirely to its suppression of feeding. Although in a recent study we also demonstrated that the "positive" effects of vanadate or vanadyl treatment (via drinking water) on the amelioration of hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats might be secondary to the decreases observed in food and fluid intake (5), we disagree with some of the conclusions drawn by Malabu et al. (4). Because Malabu et al. (4) were previously unable to lower glycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats without causing unacceptable side effects when vanadate was added to drinking water, in their recent study, vanadate was administered by gavage at doses of 2.94 mg • kg" • day" for 3 weeks without observing severe toxic effects during vanadate treatment. These data disagree with our previous studies in which no improvement of glucose homeostasis in STZ-induced diabetic rats was found when sodium metavanadate was given by gavage for 28 days at doses of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg-kg~*day~ for 4 weeks. Moreover, remarkable signs of vanadium toxicity were observed at all dose levels, including a significant mortality rate (50% at 2.5 mg-kg" • day" vs. 12.5% in the control group) (6). Also, diabetic rats given vanadyl sulfate by gavage were not characterized by amelioration of hyperglycemia, whereas in contrast, several signs of vanadium toxicity could be observed (7). The reasons for the discrepancies between the results of Malabu et al. (4) and our results are unclear. On the other hand, when Malabu et al. (4) compared their data with those from other studies, they stated that some discrepancies in side effects or efficacy could be attributable to the use of a variety of vanadium compounds that may differ in their solubility, bioavailability, and intrinsic toxicity.
Recovery of N‐acetylaspartate in corticomotor neurons of patients with ALS after riluzole therapy

RILUZOLE, a glutamate antagonist, has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), allowing prolonged survival and time to tracheostomy. The efficacy of riluzole in thought to result from reduced glutamate excitotoxicity on motor neurons of patients with ALS, but this has never been demonstrated directly in vivo. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a compound that is readily measured in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, can be used as a surrogate marker for neuronal loss or sublethal injury. To determine whether riluzole reverses sublethal corticomotoneuron damage in patients with ALS we measured NAA/creatine (Cr) relative intensity ratios in the motor cortex before and after treatment with riluzole 50 mg bid. After 3 weeks of riluzole therapy in 11 patients NAA/Cr increased from 2.14 ± 0.26 to 2.27 ± 0.24 (p = 0.044), whereas, in 12 untreated patients NAA/Cr decreased from 2.17 ± 0.20 to 2.08 ± 0.20 (p = 0.099). Thus the change in NAA/Cr between the treated and untreated groups was 0.22 ± 0.095 (p = 0.008). The magnitude of increase in NAA/Cr in those treated was not correlated with age, sex, duration of treatment or disease, the presence of probable or definite upper motor neuron (UMN) signs, bulbar features, or pre-treatment NAA/Cr. We conclude that magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide a novel surrogate measure of neuronal integrity that demonstrates reversal of sublethal UMN injury in patients with ALS within weeks of initiating riluzole therapy.
How have fi sheries a ff ected parasite communities ?

CHELSEA L. WOOD* and KEVIN D. LAFFERTY Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, N122, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, c/o Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
Inverted defected ground structure for microstrip line filters reducing packaging complexity

A new defected ground structure for microstrip line circuits was introduced by keeping the ground plane of the circuit fully metallized and etching the slots on the superstrate, which is directly lain on the top of the substrate. The metal of the superstrate is connected by via holes to the ground plane. The structure has the great advantage in reducing the packaging complexity, since it can be directly based on the carrier block without the need of machining a recessed region in it. Moreover, a higher Q-factor is obtained for this kind of structures. The low-pass filter based on this structure was designed, fabricated and measured. The DGS structure located on the superstrate provides the transmission zeros improving the steepness of the transmission characteristic and the attenuation in the stop-band. The filter insertion losses are better than 0.4 dB. The measured data fit well the results of MoM simulation.
Low-Frequency Noise Investigation and Noise Variability Analysis in High- $k$/Metal Gate 32-nm CMOS Transistors

Low-frequency noise (LFN) of high-k/metal stack nMOS and pMOS transistors is experimentally studied. Results obtained on 32-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, including LFN spectra and normalized power spectral density data analysis, are presented. These results indicate that the carrier number fluctuation is the main noise source for both nMOS and pMOS devices. As noise performance may strongly vary between different devices on one chip, the variability of the LFN when scaling down devices was also evaluated. A model known in the literature was used and enhanced in order to understand the noise level variability. A statistical analysis of the noise variability is also presented showing the dependence of the standard deviation with the device area. The comparison with former results from 45-nm poly/SiON technology demonstrates a better control of noise variability in the 32-nm CMOS technology.
Role of (cid:2) -Dystrobrevin in Nonmuscle Dystrophin-Associated Protein Complex-Like Complexes in Kidney and Liver

(cid:1) -Dystrobrevin is a dystrophin-related and -associated protein that is highly expressed in brain, kidney, and liver. Recent studies with the kidneys of the mdx3Cv mouse, which lacks all dystrophin isoforms, suggest that (cid:1) -dystrobrevin, and not the dystrophin isoforms, may be the key component in the assembly of complexes similar to the muscle dystrophin-associated protein complexes (DPC) in nonmuscle tissues. To understand the role of (cid:1) -dystrobrevin in the function of nonmuscle tissues, we generated (cid:1) -dystrobrevin-deﬁcient ( dtnb (cid:2) / (cid:2) ) mice by gene targeting. dtnb (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice are healthy, fertile, and normal in appearance. No (cid:1) -dystrobrevin was detected in these mice by Western blotting or immunocytochemistry. In addition, the levels of several (cid:1) -dys-trobrevin-interacting proteins, namely Dp71 isoforms and the syntrophins, were greatly reduced from the basal membranes of
SCT-D3 at the NTCIR-11 MedNLP-2 Task

The SCT-D3 team participated in the Extraction of Complaint and Diagnosis subtask and the Normalization of Complaint and Diagnosis subtask of the NTCIR-11 MedNLP2 Task. We tackled the two subtasks by using machine learning techniques and additional medical term dictionaries. This report outlines the methods we used to obtain our experimental results, and describes our practical evaluation.
Selective Perception Squared: A Reply to Kuethe

In a rejoinder, Kuethe (1980) criticized an article by Jackson and Klopfer (1977) which found no differences in the replacement accuracy of human and non-human figures on the Felt Figure Replacement Technique. The present reply gives primarily an analysis of those studies suggested by Kuethe as supporting his position and shows weak or non-existent support. This reply also examines the supposed ignoring of ordinal data patterns and finds no support for such criticism. The sensory-perceptual explanation supported by Jackson and Klopfer (1977) and others remains a viable alternative to the social-perceptual explanation provided by Kuethe.
The Vocal Expression of Emotion: An Acoustic Analysis of Anxiety

During conversations, speakers are assumed to provide information about their emotional state. This study is a systematic investigation of the voice characteristics of the emotion of anxiety. For this purpose speech samples of 63 subjects were collected in a situation which induced mild anxiety. On the basis of the acoustic measurements it appears that anxiety affects vocal parameters and showed a significant increase in mean F0 and in noise-to-harmonic ratio. In addition, a significant decrease in jitter and F0 range are observed, while there was no change in shimmer. These results applied equally to male and female participants.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Asymptomatic Knees in Collegiate Basketball Players: The Effect of One Season of Play

Objective:To determine the prevalence of abnormal structural findings using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the asymptomatic knees of male and female collegiate basketball players before and after a season of high-intensity basketball. Design:Institutional review board–approved prospective case series. Participants:Asymptomatic knees of 24 NCAA Division I collegiate basketball players (12 male, 12 female) were imaged using a 3.0-T MRI scanner before and after the end of the competitive season. Three subjects did not undergo scanning after the season. Main Outcome Measures:Images were evaluated for prepatellar bursitis, fat pad edema, patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy, bone marrow edema, and articular cartilage and meniscal injury. Results:Every knee imaged had at least 1 structural abnormality both preseason and postseason. A high preseason and postseason prevalence of fat pad edema (75% and 81%), patellar tendinopathy (83% and 90%), and quadriceps tendinopathy (75% and 90%) was seen. Intrameniscal signal change was observed in 50% preseason knees and 62% of postseason knees, but no discrete tears were found. Bone marrow edema was seen in 75% and 86% of knees in the preseason and postseason, respectively. Cartilage findings were observed in 71% and 81% of knees in the preseason and postseason, respectively. The cartilage injury score increased significantly in the postseason compared with the preseason (P = 0.0009). Conclusions:A high prevalence of abnormal knee MRI findings was observed in a population of asymptomatic young elite athletes. These preliminary data suggest that high-intensity basketball may have potentially deleterious effects on articular cartilage.
A Comparison of Auditory Evoked Potentials Derived From a Monitor Integrated Module Versus Standard Technique

Purpose Measurement of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and midlatency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP) using a new monitor integrated module was compared with an established device. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the new system could replace the more inconvenient established technique. Material and Methods MLAEP and BAEP were obtained from 19 anesthetized male patients using the AEP-Module for Monitor S/5 [GE, Helsinki, Finland (S/5)] and Neuropack 4 mini [Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan (Neuropack)]. Significance of different results was calculated by paired t test. Bias was estimated by Bland-Altman statistics. Results Latencies of BAEP were significantly shorter and amplitudes of BAEP were significantly higher for Neuropack. Mean latencies of MLAEP (Pa and Nb) were not significantly different (Pa 44.1±4.4 ms vs. 41.9±5.4 ms/Nb 66.4±5.6 ms vs. 62.8±6.5 ms), but methods are not interchangeable owing to great variability (Pa −13.16 to 8.94 ms, Nb −19.15 to 11.79 ms). Conclusions BAEP recorded by S/5 cannot be used for diagnostic interpretation using generally accepted normal values, but can be used for examining changes during the monitoring period. Mean values of Pa and Nb were not significantly different, but values of the S/5 varied above and below the values of Neuropack such that the measurements could not be used for diagnostic interpretation. However, this did not reduce their usefulness for determining adequate hypnosis.
Multipattern Road Traffic Crashes and Injuries: A Case Study of Xi'an City

Many studies focused on the development of crash analysis approaches have resulted in aggregate practices and experiences to quantify the safety effects of human, geometric, traffic and environmental factors on the expected number of deaths, injuries, and/or property damage crashes at specific locations. Traffic crashes on roads are a major cause of road crashes in the metropolitan area of Xi'an. In an attempt to identify causes and consequences, reported traffic crashes for six years in Xi'an were analyzed using a sample of 2038 reports. The main types of information from such reports were extracted, coded, and statistically analyzed. Important results were obtained from frequency analyses as well as multiple contributory factors related to traffic crashes, including crash severity, time and location of occurrence, geometry of the road, AADT and v/c. This paper presents the results of such analyses and provides some recommendations to improve traffic safety and further studies to analyze potential crash locations.
A Prediction Scoring System to Select the Surgical Treatment of Liver Cancer Further Refinement Based on 10 Years of Use

ObjectiveThis study reports further refinement of a prediction scoring system, which was established in 1980 as a guide to determine a safe limit for hepatectomy, based on 10 years of use. Summary Background DataIn the past, whether major resection was safe was judged empiricially from the net resection volume or the residual hepatic volume combined with the patient's liver function. However, such judgment was not based on objectively defined criteria. MethodsPatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n=376) and metastatic cancer (n=58) who had hepatectomy at some time from 1981 through 1990 were entered into this study. A prediction score (PS) was computed using a multiple regression equation that consists of computed tomographic scan-estimated resection rate, indocyanine green retention rate, and the patient's age. A PS greater than 55 was classified as a risky zone, a PS of 45 to 55 was considered borderline, and a PS less than 45 was a safe zone. ResultsWith HCC and chronic liver disease, all patients in the risky zone died, whereas 33% in the borderline zone died and 7.3% died who were in the safe zone. With metastatic cancer with normal liver, all patients in the risky zone died, whereas no patient in either the borderline or safe zones died. The major cause of death in the risky zone was liver failure due to excessive resection. In the borderline and safe zones, liver failure developed primarily after abdominal sepsis or pulmonary infection, particularly for those with adverse prognostic factors such as disturbed glucose tolerance, lower platelet count, and higher indocyanine green retention rate. ConclusionPrediction scores can eliminate deaths related to excessive resection for patients with normal or injured livers. When patients have adverse prognostic factors, careful surgery and postoperative