Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carlos G. Bates: Maverick Forest Service Scientist

S CIEN T I F I C INVESTIGATIONS have been central to the Forest Service mission since its earliest times. Indeed, when Bernhard Eduard Fernow was narned chief of the old Division of Forestry in 1886, he brought to the young agency a highly trained, research-oriented mind. For the next twelve years, Femow used consultants and a meager staff effectively to produce an impressive list of publications on a wide range of subjects. When the more pragmatic Gifford Pinchot succeeded Fernow as chief in 1898,he, too, believed research to be vital. In his first year, Pinchot created the Section of Special Investigations; by 1902 one-third of his budget was earmarked for investigations. In 1908 the first Forest Service experiment station was established at Fort Valley, Arizona, and the Office of Silvics administered research needs. Pinchot's successor, Henry S. Graves, dedicated the Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Wisconsin, in June 1910, culminating an effort begun by Pinchot. Another extremely significant research advance appeared during Graves's administration; iIl1915 he created the Branch of Research, replacing a trio of subject-oriented investigative committees. With Service Order number 45, Graves informed and directed that research was coequal to and independent of the administrative branch of the Forest Service. During the 1920s research capability increased still more with completion of a network of twelve experiment stations across the nation. In May 1928 Congress adopted the McSweeney-McNary Act, giving full and specific authorization to
Schottky-Ohmic Drain AlGaN/GaN Normally Off HEMT With Reverse Drain Blocking Capability

In this letter, we propose an AlGaN/GaN normally off high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with reverse drain blocking capability. The device features a Schottky-ohmic drain electrode in which a Schottky-controlled normally off channel is inserted between the gate and the conventional ohmic drain contact. Under negative reverse drain bias, the normally off channel provides an energy barrier that effectively blocks the reverse current conduction while contributing only 0.55 V onset voltage in the forward-biased on state. In a device with a gate-drain distance of 9 m, a reverse blocking voltage of -321 V was obtained at VGS = 0 V, comparable with the forward blocking voltage of 351 V; at VGS = 3 V, the reverse blocking voltage was -276 V. The new HEMT also exhibits no degradation in drain saturation current and does not need extra photomask or process steps to fabricate. When forward biased at VGS = 3 V , the proposed device achieved a specific on resistance of 1.97 mΩ · m2.
CYCLIC AMP AND ALLERGIC HISTAMINE RELEASE. INFLUENCE OF METHYLXANTHINES ON RAT MAST CELLS

Both isobutylmethylxanthine and theophylline increased the level of cyclic AMP in rat mast cells. Theophylline reduced the allergic histamine release, whereas isobutylmethylxanthine caused a pronounced potentiation of the histamine release. This indicates that the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between the level of cyclic AMP in mast cells and histamine release is inadequate.
On Data Reliability Assessment in Accounting Information Systems

The need to ensure reliability of data in information systems has long been recognized. However, recent accounting scandals and the subsequent requirements enacted in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have made data reliability assessment of critical importance to organizations, particularly for accounting data. Using the accounting functions of management information systems as a context, this paper develops an interdisciplinary approach to data reliability assessment. Our work builds on the literature in accounting and auditing, where reliability assessment has been a topic of study for a number of years. While formal probabilistic approaches have been developed in this literature, they are rarely used in practice. The research reported in this paper attempts to strike a balance between the informal, heuristic-based approaches used by auditors and formal, probabilistic reliability assessment methods. We develop a formal, process-oriented ontology of an accounting information system that defines its components and semantic constraints. We use the ontology to specify data reliability assessment requirements and develop mathematical-model-based decision support methods to implement these requirements. We provide preliminary empirical evidence that the use of our approach improves the efficiency and effectiveness of reliability assessments. Finally, given the recent trend toward specifying information systems using executable business process models (e.g., business process execution language), we discuss opportunities for integrating our process-oriented data reliability assessment approach-developed in the accounting context-in other IS application contexts.
A High Resolution Chronology for Steward’s Promontory Culture Collections, Promontory Point, Utah

Abstract Despite the rich array of perishables Julian Steward (1937) recovered during his 1930s excavations, the Promontory Cave assemblages were dated in relative terms with just a handful of radiocarbon assays until recently. Yet Promontory Caves 1 and 2 are the type sites from which the Promontory Culture was defined, and these assemblages have a critical bearing on our conception of three significant issues in western North American prehistory: the terminal Fremont transition, Numic expansion, and the potential presence of migrating ancestral Apachean populations. To better fix the age of the Promontory Phase, we have undertaken an additional 45 AMS determinations for Promontory perishables. Because of a research focus concerning Promontory footwear, most age estimates come from moccasins, but we have also dated gaming pieces, a bow, an arrow, netting, basketry, matting, and cordage. With the exception of a winnowing basket fragment and some ceramic residue dates, all Promontory Phase assays are tightly focused in an interval running from 662 to 826 radiocarbon years before present (a calibrated 2s range spanning A.D. 1166–1391). Bayesian analyses of the Cave 1 and 2 Promontory Phase perishables suggest that this late period occupation comprised one or two human generations, centering on the interval running from ca. A.D. 1250–1290.
Simultaneous stabilization of two discrete-time plants using a 2-periodic controller

A generic method for designing a 2-periodic controller for the simultaneous placement of the closed-loop poles of two single-input-single-output discrete shift-invariant plants at the origin is presented. The method consists of first recasting the simultaneous pole-placement problem as one of solving a coupled pair of linear polynomial equations involving three unknown polynomials, and then obtaining the controller parameters in terms of the coefficients of these polynomials. The isolated cases for which such pole placement is not possible have been listed. Simulation results show that the performances of systems thus compensated are superior to their performances when compensated using the higher periodicity controllers suggested in literature.
Chloroplast DNA indicates a single origin of the allotetraploid Arabidopsis suecica

DNA sequencing was performed on up to 12 chloroplast DNA regions [giving a total of 4288 base pairs (bp) in length] from the allopolyploid Arabidopsis suecica (48 accessions) and its two parental species, A. thaliana (25 accessions) and A. arenosa (seven accessions). Arabidopsis suecica was identical to A. thaliana at all 93 sites where A. thaliana and A. arenosa differed, thus showing that A. thaliana is the maternal parent of A. suecica. Under the assumption that A. thaliana and A. arenosa separated 5 million years ago, we estimated a substitution rate of 2.9 × 10−9 per site per year in noncoding single copy sequence. Within A. thaliana we found 12 substitution (single bp) and eight insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms, separating the 25 accessions into 15 haplotypes. Eight of the A. thaliana accessions from central Sweden formed one cluster, which was separated from a cluster consisting of central European and extreme southern Swedish accessions. This latter cluster also included the A. suecica accessions, which were all identical except for one 5 bp indel. We interpret this low level of variation as a strong indication that A. suecica effectively has a single origin, which we dated at 20 000 years ago or more.
Personal narrative and experiential meaning

L'A. developpe des paralleles entre la maniere dont les individus donnent un sens a l'experience vecue et la maniere dont ils percoivent la performance narrative afin de suggerer comment le processus pour suivre un recit peut donner lieu a des etats d'esprit affectivement engages ou a des flux de pensee denommes significations experimentees. Bien que potentialisees a travers le talent artistique de la performance, ces significations resultent de processus propres d'interpretation des auditeurs et deviennent des ressources experimentees disponibles pour etre utilisees dans leurs vies
FtsY Binds to the Escherichia coli Inner Membrane via Interactions with Phosphatidylethanolamine and Membrane Proteins*

Targeting of many polytopic proteins to the inner membrane of prokaryotes occurs via an essential signal recognition particle-like pathway. FtsY, the Escherichia coli homolog of the eukaryotic signal recognition particle receptor α-subunit, binds to membranes via its amino-terminal AN domain. We demonstrate that FtsY assembles on membranes via interactions with phosphatidylethanolamine and with a trypsin-sensitive component. Both interactions are mediated by the AN domain of FtsY. In the absence of phosphatidylethanolamine, the trypsin-sensitive component is sufficient for binding and function of FtsY in the targeting of membrane proteins. We propose a two-step mechanism for the assembly of FtsY on the membrane similar to that of SecA on the E. coli inner membrane.
Comparison of energy and protein intakes of older people consuming a texture modified diet with a normal hospital diet.

BACKGROUND There are very few studies looking at the energy and protein requirements of patients requiring texture modified diets. Dysphagia is the main indication for people to be recommended texture-modified diets. Older people post-stroke are the key group in the hospital setting who consume this type of diet. The diets can be of several consistencies ranging from pureed to soft textures. OBJECTIVE To compare the 24-hour dietary intake of older people consuming a texture modified diet in a clinical setting to older people consuming a normal hospital diet. METHOD Weighed food intakes and food record charts were used to quantify the patients' intakes, which were compared to their individual requirements. RESULTS The oral intake of 55 patients was measured. Twenty-five of the patients surveyed were eating a normal diet and acted as controls for 30 patients who were prescribed a texture-modified diet. The results showed that the texture-modified group had significantly lower intakes of energy (3877 versus 6115 kJ, P < 0.0001) and protein (40 versus 60 g, P < 0.003) compared to consumption of the normal diet. The energy and protein deficit from estimated requirements was significantly greater in the texture-modified group (2549 versus 357 kJ, P < 0.0001; 6 versus 22 g, P = 0.013; respectively). CONCLUSION These statistically significant results indicate that older people on texture-modified diets have a lower intake of energy and protein than those consuming a normal hospital diet and it is likely that other nutrients will be inadequate. All patients on texture-modified diets should be assessed by the dietitian for nutritional support. Evidence based strategies for improving overall nutrient intake should be identified.
Overcoming Patient-related Barriers to Cancer Pain Management for Home Care Patients: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effectiveness of a pain education program to overcome patient-related barriers in managing cancer pain for Taiwanese home care patients with cancer. The pain education program was developed based on previous studies of Taiwanese patient-related barriers to cancer pain management. The Barriers Questionnaire–Taiwan form, the Brief Pain Inventory, the Medication Adherence Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire were used for data collection. The sample consisted of 18 patients in the experimental group and 19 patients in the control group. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and paired t tests were used to analyze the data. Results of this study revealed that patients who received the pain educational program had significantly greater reduction in Barriers Questionnaire–Taiwan form scores and more improvement in medication adherence compared with patients who did not participate in the program. When compared to pretest scores, patients scores after receiving the pain education intervention showed significant improvement on the Barriers Questionnaire–Taiwan form, medication adherence, pain intensity, and pain interference. The results of this study support the effectiveness of the pain education program on overcoming the barriers to cancer pain management for Taiwanese home care patients with cancer.
Lidocaine Pretreatment With Tourniquet Versus Lidocaine-Propofol Admixture for Attenuating Propofol Injection Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: Findings from studies investigating optimal techniques for attenuating propofol-related injection pain are inconsistent. In previous studies, lidocaine pretreatment using a tourniquet has been reported to be superior, inferior, or equivalent to a lidocaine-propofol admixture for reducing pain. This discordance could represent either no meaningful difference in the treatments or underlying methodological differences in the previous studies. We hypothesized that tourniquet-controlled pretreatment with lidocaine would be superior to lidocaine-propofol admixture for reducing propofol injection pain. Methods: This randomized controlled trial compared 3 groups-a control group (saline pretreatment/saline admixture; n = 50), a pretreatment group (lidocaine pretreatment/saline admixture; n = 51), and an admixture group (saline pretreatment/lidocaine admixture; n = 50). The primary outcome was verbal pain score after injection. The incidence of pain on injection was explored as a secondary outcome. Results: The median (interquartile range) verbal pain score after study solution injection were as follows-control group: 3 (0-6), pretreatment group: 0 (0-0), and admixture group: 0 (0-2). The pretreatment group had significantly lower pain scores when compared with the admixture group (P = 0.016), and both groups were superior to the control group. The pretreatment group had fewer subjects experiencing any injection pain than did the admixture group (20% vs. 44%, respectively; P = 0.024). Conclusions: Tourniquet-controlled pretreatment with lidocaine is statistically superior to admixing lidocaine with propofol for reducing propofol injection pain intensity, but the clinical importance of this small effect is questionable. However, pretreatment more effectively eliminates injection pain.
Lymphocyte cooperation

Figure 1 illustrates schematically a mechanism that my colleagues and I believe may participate in the cooperative effect in antibody formation. Its essential feature is that thymus-derived cells, in response to antigen, release a soluble factor that is cytophilic for local macrophages and there binds antigen for presentation to the antibody-forming cell. Factors that inhibit macrophage migration (MIF) are known to be released in response to antigen from lymphocytes of animals showing delayed hypersensitivity (Bloom & Bennett 1966; David 1966). Delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and as far as is known MIF production, are mediated by thumus derived cells and in the hapten-carrier situation are largely carrier specific (Benacerraf & Levine 1962; Jankovic, Waksman & Arnason 1962; David & Schlossman 1968).
The relationship between spatial attention and saccades in the frontoparietal network of the monkey

Spatial attention bears a remarkable resemblance to saccadic eye movements from both a behavioural and a neurophysiological point of view. In this review, we examine the contributions of two cortical areas, namely the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and frontal eye field (FEF), to saccades and attention and discuss the possible interactions between these two areas. Based on the results of electrophysiological studies and on inactivation studies performed in the macaque monkey, we propose that LIP is mainly involved in salience representation and an attentional selection mechanism that underlies saccade guidance, at least when two objects or locations are in competition in the visual environment. In contrast, we suggest that FEF is involved in coding and triggering saccadic eye movements, as well as in coding the location of attention or the attentional shifts. However, these two functions subserved by the FEF are dissociable at a neuronal level. Saccade planning and attentional selection are intimately coupled from a behavioural point of view but correspond to distinct functional operations.
Asymmetric Active Learning with Imbalanced Data

This paper considers online learning with imbalanced streaming data under a query budget, where the act of querying for labels is constrained to a budget limit. We study different active querying strategies for classification. In particular, we propose an asymmetric active querying strategy that assigns different probabilities for query to examples predicted as positive and negative. To corroborate the proposed asymmetric query model, we provide a theoretical analysis on a weighted mistake bound. We conduct extensive evaluations of the proposed asymmetric active querying strategy in comparison with several baseline querying strategies and with previous online learning algorithms for imbalanced data. In particular, we perform two types of evaluations according to which examples appear as “positive”/ “negative”. In push evaluation only the positive predictions given to the user are taken into account; in push and query evaluation the decision to query is also considered for evaluation. The push and query evaluation strategy is particularly suited for a recommendation setting because the items selected for querying for labels may go to the end-user to enable customization and personalization. These would not be shown any differently to the end-user compared to recommended content (i.e., the examples predicated as positive). Additionally, given our interest in imbalanced data we measure F -score instead of accuracy that is traditionally considered by online classification algorithms. We also compare the querying strategies on five classification tasks from different domains, and show that the probabilistic query strategy achieves higher F -scores on both types of evaluation than deterministic strategy, especially when the budget is small, and the asymmetric query model further improves performance. When compared to the state-of-the-art cost-sensitive online learning algorithm under a budget, our online classification algorithm with asymmetric querying achieves a higher F score on four of the five tasks, especially on the push evaluation. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. KDD ’16, August 13-17, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA c ⃝ 2016 ACM. ISBN 978-1-4503-4232-2/16/08. $15.00 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1145/2939672.2939854
Adaptive hybrid ARQ for goodput optimization in BIC-OFDM systems

In next generation wireless networks, high data rates under strict quality of service (QoS) constraints call for flexible radio interfaces capable of adapting their configuration on the fly to the time-varying operating environment. Motivated by this need, this paper first derives a simple link performance prediction model for bit interleaved coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BIC-OFDM) systems using incremental redundancy (IR) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) mechanisms. Then, an adaptive HARQ strategy is formulated whose aim is maximizing the goodput (GP) metric, i.e., the number of error-free information bits delivered to the user by unit of time, over the coding rate, the bit distribution and an on-off power allocation across the active subchannels. Simulation results corroborate the GP performance gains of the proposed approach compared with non-adaptive transmissions, while keeping the computational complexity at affordable levels.
Value of echocardiography in assessing the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia of the newborn.

Cardiac catheterization of infants with bron-chopulmonary dysplasia has shown right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension in the majority of the survivors. This study was planned to determine whether serial echocardiographic assessments of the pulmonary vascular bed could help to establish short-term prognosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and to evaluate myocardial function of the survivors. Ten preterm infants were included in this study. They were classified according to four radiologic stages. A total of 50 echocardiographs were recorded allowing serial measurements of the right systolic time intervals. All infants that eventually expired had a ratio of the preejection period to the ejection time of the right ventricle above 0.3 prior to death (five patients). Infants with normal right preejection period to right ejection time ratio had a good out-come despite persistence of abnormal lung x-rays (four patients). Persistence of O2 dependence with abnormal right systolic time intervals after three months of life eventually led to death (two patients) or serious pulmonary insufficiency (one patient). The lungs as seen on chest x-rays of this patient remained unchanged (moderate stage IV) during six months, while the echocardiograph showed a progressive increase in right preejection period to right ejection time ratio. This infant has now developed cor pulmonale. Myocardial function evaluated on the last echocardiograph of the four infants who were considered cured was within normal limits. In conclusion, indirect assessment of pulmonary pressure by echocardiography can be used for clinical evaluation and ultimate prognosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and should be part of the follow-up evaluation of infants suffering from this disease.