Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Airborne measurements of HCHO and HCOOH during the New England Air Quality Study 2004 using a pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer

[1] Atmospheric mixing ratios of formaldehyde and formic acid have been measured from the NOAA WP-3 aircraft during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) of July and August 2004 using a newly developed quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectrometer operating at a wavelength of 5.6 mm. The laser operates in pulsed mode with thermoelectric cooling. The detection is based on direct absorption in a compact 76-m multiple pass absorption cell. The laser is swept over a 0.5 cm 1 spectral region containing multiple lines of both HCHO and HCOOH. Absolute concentrations are retrieved by simultaneous spectral fitting routines with a detection limit (2s) for HCHO of 0.3 parts in 10 9 (ppbv) with an averaging time of 60 s under stable flight conditions. HCHO mixing ratios in the range from 0.3 to 5 ppb were encountered during flight conditions. Some of the highest mixing ratios of HCHO were observed over heavily vegetated areas of Florida during the test flights where the ratios of HCHO to methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, measured by proton transfer mass spectroscopy, are consistent with formaldehyde production by isoprene oxidation. The highest mixing ratios of HCOOH, up to 10 ppbv, were observed in an aged forest fire plume encountered over northern Canada, in which ratios of HCOOH/CO are greater than previous observations, while the ratios of HCHO/CO are less than previous reports from forest fire plumes. Observations of HCHO/CO and HCOOH/CO in urban plumes are indicative of a mixture of sources from direct emissions and secondary oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbons. The ability to measure both HCHO and HCOOH simultaneously is of value in assessing the oxidation mechanisms of atmospheric hydrocarbons and secondary organic aerosol formation and oxidation.
Modifications in Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nebbiolo (Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Berries Induced by Mixed Virus Infection

Modifications in grape quality parameters induced by mixed infection with GFLV and GFkV, GLRaV-1 and GVA, and GLRaV-3 and GVA in three Nebbiolo clones were compared against healthy plants of the same clones in two experimental vineyards in Piemonte, northwest Italy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of virus infection on the mechanical properties of the berry skin and the whole berry as assessed by texture analysis tests, and on the amount and quality of berry skin phenols. Differences were observed in grapevine vigour, yield and juice composition, depending on the viral status of the plants. The anthocyanin profile of the vines infected with GFV and GFkV and those infected with GLRaV-1 and GVA showed a lower percentage of the more stable tri-substituted malvidin-3-glucoside and a higher percentage of cyanidin and peonidin-3-glucosides. Texture analysis showed that the viruses may increase berry-skin thickness and reduce phenol extractability. These effects carry practical implications for wine quality.
Controls of the behavior of marine debris flows

Marine mass gravity flows in general, and a subclass called debris flows, have become of increasing interest to engineers designing deep water installations and geologists seeking to understand the deposits formed on, and below, the continental slope. In this paper we summarize the emerging understanding of the nature and characteristics of marine debris flows and dynamically similar mudflows. Our purpose is to provide guidance to studies that include field measurement programs and quantitative analyses of these flows. To this end, we show how the flow kinematics vary according to mode of origin, flow path characteristics and material properties. Not all of the flow characteristics are quantitatively evaluated because, at this time, the conceptual understanding is developing faster than our ability to model it.
Assessment of oral hygiene in mentally disabled children

Objective: To identify factors associated with the quality of oral hygiene in children with mental disabilities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 181 mentally disabled children aged three to 12 years and their mothers. The study was conducted in two public hospitals of medical care for special children in the city of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The children were examined on the quality of oral hygiene and presence of caries lesions. The examiner was previously calibrated and were obtained kappa values of 0.90 to 0.87 for tooth decay and oral hygiene. The mothers answered a questionnaire addressing individual characteristics, behavioral and medical history of children. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UFMG. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression, considered to be a significant 90.0%. Results: Most of the children had mild intellectual disability (56.4%) and 43.6% had moderate mental disability. The quality of oral hygiene was considered adequate in 84.0% of children. A total of 172 mothers said that her son’s teeth were brushed daily (95.0%). Among them, the majority reported difficulties in this task (53.0%). Those children diagnosed with mild intellectual disability {OR=2.82 [90% CI (1.15 to 6.86)]} and the absence of decay {OR=7.68 [90% CI (3:03 to 19:45)]} were more likely they belong to the group of children identified with an adequate oral hygiene. Conclusion: The quality of oral hygiene was associated with tooth decay and the degree of mental disability of children.
Role of transvaginal ultrasound in predicting preterm labor in singleton pregnancies

Preterm delivery (PTD) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm delivery is associated with a high prevalence of severe neurological deficits and developmental disabilities and is a leading cause of infant and neonatal mortality. Considering the magnitude of the problem, it is necessary to minimize the negative consequences involved in preterm labor. This can be reasonably achieved by timely prediction of preterm labor and appropriate management.
Application of the Complementarities of Two Theories, APOS and OSA, for the Analysis of the University Students’ Understanding on the Graph of the Function and its Derivative

The goal of this paper is the combined use of two theories, APOS and OSA, for the analysis of the university students’ understanding on the graph of the function and its derivative. For this, we study the students’ understanding to solve one graphing problem in relation to the first derivative and characterize their schemas in terms of levels (intra, inter and trans) of development of the schema for sketching f' when given the graph f. We present a multiple case study in which 14 students of the first course of Calculus in one university of Iran participated voluntarily. Results show that most of the students in our study had major problems in developing mental constructions and doing the practical work needed to solve the problem, particularly those mental constructions that have to be made to calculate the derivative at the critical points and to determine the speed of the variation of the inclination of the tangent lines to f, which is why most of them have constructed a schema at the intra level of development of the schema for sketching f' when given the graph f. We finish with some final conclusions.
The Exertion of Influence by Different Organizational Climates on Employees’ Attitude Towards Change

Organizational change illustrates a topic of ever-expanding relevance in today’s fast moving environment, however, the rate of failed change efforts is high. A main reason for this is the lack of support from employees as human resources depict a crucial part of a functioning organization. In the past decades, an increasing amount of studies have examined the impact of organizational climate on employees’ attitude towards change which can occur in diverse shapes including several categories of positively and negatively labeled attitudes. For this study, a structured literature review has been made use of that includes a pool of 22 articles. Organizational climate has been divided into group climate, developmental climate, rational goal climate, and internal process climate while attitudes towards change have been segmented into different labels including readiness, openness, commitment, resistance, and cynicism. In the course of the present structured literature review a high congruence between the results of the analyzed studies emerged. Developmental climates and rational goal climates have been found to mostly provoke positive attitudes towards change while the majority of authors detected that internal process climates predominantly cause resistance to and cynicism about change. The results of the different studies addressing group climates show diverging results.
Lipid oxidation in fresh and stored eggs enriched with dietary 3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and A dosages

Two experiments were planned to study the influence of dietary fat sources (fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil (SO)) and dietary doses of -tocopheryl acetate (-TA) (0, 60 and 120 mg/kg of feed) and vitamin A (0 IU, 10000 IU and 20000 IU) on lipid oxidation of stored eggs in three stages of 0 or fresh, 1 and 2 months of storage time. In the first experiment, 96 hen layers in six treatments including two oil sources (FO and SO) and two dietary [0, 60 and 120 mg/kg doses of  -tocopheryl acetate (-TA)] were fed for 75 days. In the second experiment, 96 hen layers in six treatments including two sources of w3 and w6 (FO and SO) and three doses 0, 10000 and 20000 IU of vitamin A were fed for 75 days. The results showed that using -TA supplementation, lipid stability of enriched eggs increased and was very effective throughout the stored period of the eggs. Yolk TBA value was higher in fish oil than sunflower oil groups (p < 0.01). The treatments that contained 120 mg/kg of -TA in diets, showed lower lipid peroxidation than other groups in stages of 2 and 3 storage time (30 and 60 days). The degree of lipid oxidation in fresh, 1 and 2 months of storage eggs was measured by the lipid TBA values. The results showed that TBA value in fresh and stored eggs was higher in groups containing fish oil than other groups (p < 0.01). The MDA value in stage 1 was higher in fish oil group and in 2 and 3 stages was lower in FO + A1. Therefore, addition of Vitamin E and A as natural antioxidants in diets containing oil source for the prevention of lipid oxidation is recommended.
The Toxicological Impact of Wastewaters on Drinking Waters Sources

Surface waters may contain wastewater effluent associated with de facto reuse which can impact their toxicological properties both before and after treatment. This study examined the genotoxic response of three surface waters containing a range of wastewater effluent (5%, 10%, and 25% by volume). The SOS ChromotestTM was used to assay the genotoxicity of both chlorinated and unchlorinated mixtures whereas toxicity index model based on the CHO comet assay was used to predict the contribution of trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetonitriles (HAN), and halonitromethanes (HNM) to overall genotoxicity of chlorinated mixtures. Wastewaters were generally genotoxic whereas raw and chlorinated surface waters were not. Mixtures containing 5% and 10% wastewater generally had similar responses to chlorinated surface waters alone; significant effects were more common at higher ratios (≥ 25%). SOS genotoxicity correlated strongly with predicted genotoxicity, DOC, and THM concentrations, suggesting that THMs may potentially serve as surrogates for toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs).
Greenland ice mass balance using GRACE gravity data

The mass balance of Greenland has been assessed with data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. Monthly data has been used through the time span of the study; January 2003 - December 2012. Level 2 data from three providers has been used. These are the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) , GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) and the Center for Space Research (CSR). The linear trend in this study points to -181±11 Gt/yr, -172±10 Gt/yr and -183±11 Gt/yr for the three data providers respectively. Notable corrections applied to improve the accuracy of this study are gravity leakage correction, adjustment for post-glacial rebound and non-isotropic smoothing filtering. This master thesis also gives an insight some of the mathematical background of physical geodesy and how this can be applied to use GRACE data to track changes in the gravity field. The methodology of applying this theory is explained in-depth with explanations of some natural assumptions along the way. Results are presented from correction calculations, important secular trend graphs and different time series plots of data from the three data providers. These results are compared to the works of other mentionable authors in the field of polar mass redistribution. Lastly, the thesis enlists some noteworthy strengths and weaknesses of the conducted study. To the author's knowledge, this is the first ice mass loss estimation of Greenland using GRACE level 2 Release 05 data decorrelated by non-isotropic filtering.
Linear associations among phenological, morphological, productive, and energetic-nutritional traits in corn

The objective of this work was to verify if there is linear dependence between the phenological, morphological, and productive traits and the energetic-nutritional ones in early maturing and super-early maturing corn genotypes. A total of 36 early maturing and 22 super-early maturing corn genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, and the phenological, morphological, productive, and energetic-nutritional traits were measured. The matrix of phenotypic correlation coefficients among traits was determined; the multicollinearity diagnosis was carried out within each group of traits; and the canonical correlation analysis was performed. Linear dependence was observed between the groups of phenological, morphological, and productive traits and of the energetic-nutritional ones. In early maturing genotypes, significant canonical correlation shows the existence of linear dependence between the morphological and energetic-nutritional traits. The significant canonical pair shows that taller plants have lower amylose contents in the grains and reduced nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy. In super-early maturing genotypes, significant canonical correlations of the phenological, morphological, and productive traits with the energetic-nutritional ones indicate that a greater number of days from sowing to female flowering and ear insertion height, as well as a lower number of ears, increase ether extract contents in the grains.
Numerical analysis of landslides caused by rainfall in a reduced physical slope model

Abstract To assess slopes’ movements as heavy rainfall consequences, the strategy to replace the field monitoring by the combination between the reduced physical model and numerical simulations can be envisaged. This strategy reduces the cost and makes the monitoring well efficiency by reducing its duration and considering variably saturated conditions. In this article, the macro gravity physical model is used as an alternative of the 1 g model. So, the hydraulic gradient method is proposed to follow the slope movements under different rainfall conditions. This method which is based on the increase of the mass force would avoid the use of centrifuge technique. It is studied numerically to demonstrate the optimum dimensions of the physical model and prioritizing the influence of the main parameters against the increase of mass forces. The before-failure behaviour was modelled by establishing an elastoplastic model based on the effective stress concept and non-associative Mohr–Coulomb yield function. The coupling between the strain and the suction was introduced using both the proposal effective stress–suction relation and the balance mass equations of solid and fluid. The validation of the proposal model was done using experimental results previously published. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results was highlighted.
Chemical Risk Perception and Safety Behaviors as Key Factors toward Safer Chemical Industries - A Case Study in Iran

Organization and employees’ attitudes towards chemical risks are an important contributing factor for safe and unsafe behaviors. These risks should be controlled to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) level. The objective of this study was to assess chemicals risk perception, safety knowledge, attitude and their relationships with safe behavior among chemical workers in Iran. The study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. 209 workers from five chemical companies were selected in random and stratified sampling. Vinodkumar questionnaire as a demographic questionnaire and Smith-Jackson questionnaire as a safety behaviour questionnaire was utilized to assess safety knowledge, attitude, and chemicals risk perception. Collected data were analyzed utilizing T, ANOVA, and multiple-linear regression by SPSS V20. Males were in the majority (83.1%). Mean and standard deviation (SD) of age and work experience were 31.75±6.86 and 6.00±5.24 years, respectively. Also, mean and SD of risk perception, safe behavior, knowledge and attitude were 22.33±4.29, 22.12±2.88, 24.79±4.79 and 19.18±3.08, respectively. Gender and education were the most important demographic criteria in the case of difference in four variables. Also, correlation between safety behavior with risk perception and safety attitude was significant (p<0.05). According to the findings, development in employees’ knowledge and attitude through organizational plans and omission of cultural and organizational barriers against doing safety orders and risk perception enhancement would result in workers’ safer behaviors towards chemical risks; leading to occupational accidents and diseases reduction in industries.
Investigating the Role of Charge Imbalance on the Luminescence Production of Quartz and Feldspar

Luminescence dosimetry is now routinely employed in accident dosimetry and geochronological and archaeological studies, using natural minerals such as quartz and feldspar as dosimeters. Quartz and feldspar are the most common minerals in the regolith and can be used to record events related to such diverse phenomena as climate and landscape change, tectonic activity, catastrophic events, and human evolution/migration. Since luminescence dosimetry relies on the relationship of trapped charge and dose, and the recombination of trapped electrons with trapped holes, it is important to know how charge trapping relates to dose, and how trapping and recombination occur in nature and in the laboratory. Dose distributions derived from measurements of luminescence from individual grains are often used to investigate whether a sample was completely reset or zeroed before final burial. However, the resulting dose distributions are almost always wider than can be explained by known measurement uncertainties. Some part of this over-dispersion may arise from differences in irradiation geometry at a scale of individual grains. In particular, there may be grain-to-grain variations in the charge balance. This thesis investigates whether a net excess of electrons or holes exists as a result of natural and/or laboratory irradiation, and whether such a charge imbalance can have an influence on the luminescence production of quartz. Initial results showed that the over-dispersion of single grains increases with an increase in atomic number of the backscattering material. This coincides with an increase in dose rate resulting from an increased contribution from the backscattered spectrum. For a given backscattering material, degrading the incoming beta spectrum by passing it through an attenuator also leads to an increase in the observed over-dispersion. Both results indicate that low energy electrons may play a key role in over-dispersion. Surprisingly, it is also observed that feldspar experiences a ∼15% lower apparent beta source dose rate than quartz. This is despite their very similar composition; modelling shows that the two minerals have indistinguishable dose deposition when exposed to either beta or gamma radiation. It is con-
Microbiological characterization of the Egyptian soft white cheese and identification of its dominant yeasts

We conducted this study to evaluate the differences in microflora and physicochemical properties of some traditionally manufactured soft white cheeses upon purchase from Zagazig city, Egypt, in 2010 and 2011. A total of 168 samples were analyzed for both spoilage (total viable count, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and coliform group) and pathogenic (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and fecal Streptococci) microorganisms. Physicochemical analyses showed low levels of pH and high levels of salt. Two cheese samples were unsatisfactory due to levels of Staphylococcus aureus at 4.00 log cfu/g, and fecal streptococci at 4.3 log cfu/g. Despite the much lower spoilage microorganisms counts in the pasteurized cheeses, soft Feta of dairy M showed the highest contamination level of 4.11 and 3.72 log cfu/g of total viable count and staphylococci, respectively. Fifty-two isolates of the yeasts were identified using the physiological and biochemical tests, and were classified into seven species. Ten of the species were selected for identification by sequencing the 26S rRNA, where nine of them were identical to the phenotypic identification. These results emphasize the need for applying more strict hygienic practices especially in thermized cheese processing to minimize microbial contamination.
Electrocardiographic reference values for healthy Netherland Dwarf rabbits and the influence of body position, age and gender

The aim of this study was to provide reference values for a single, popular breed of pet rabbit. Moreover, additional objectives were to determine whether sex, body position or age alter Netherland Dwarf rabbit electrocardiographic variables and whether the use of electrocardiographic filters affects those variables. Forty Netherland Dwarf rabbits were examined clinically and standard six-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in sternal and then dorsal recumbency. At first power-line and anti-drift filters were used and then they were disabled. The following variables were measured in lead II: heart rate; P wave duration and amplitude; P-R interval; QRS duration; R wave amplitude (with and without filters); Q-T interval; T wave duration and amplitude; S-T segment; J-T duration; and mean electrical axis (MEA) (with and without filters). MEA was determined by 3 different methods. After statistical processing of the data, our results showed that there were no significant differences between both recumbencies, with the exception of the J-T duration, which was higher in dorsal recumbency. The R wave amplitude using electrocardiographic filters showed significant differences between males (0.083 mV) and females (0.115 mV; P<0.05); and between younger rabbits (0.108 mV) and older rabbits (0.097 mV; P<0.05). These differences were not shown between R waves with filters disabled. Moreover, the strongest correlation was between 2 MEA methods without filters. MEA was more leftward in the pet rabbit than in other species (dog or cats). In conclusion, electrocardiography recording without electrocardiographic filters should be assessed when it is possible, and the specific ECGs characteristics for Netherland Dwarf rabbit should be taken into account.