Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Welfare Policy: Social Rehabilitation of Psychiatric Patients in Urban china

Background: The background of this paper is an empirical research on social rehabilitation of psychiatric patients in a large urban city in China during the post-Mao period, the Beijing Psychiatric Rehabilitation Research. Another aspect of this background is an exchange with Chen Sheying, a colleague interested in social services for the elderly in China. The underlying assumption of this paper is the multiple similarities between those two areas. Objectives: The first objective of this paper is to present a contextual analysis of the development of psychiatric rehabilitation in urban China and a second objective is to stress the similarities between psychiatric rehabilitation and social services to the elderly. Material: The material presented, while referring mainly to the general context of psychiatry and rehabilitation around that period, includes some data from the Beijing research. There are five analytical dimensions: (1) epistemological choices and research paradigms; (2) rehabilitation as an idea; (3) rehabilitation as a social, political and cultural matter; (4) factors of change in the recent history of China; and, finally, (5) mental illness as a personal experience. Discussion: This presentation leads to a discussion about the multiple similarities between the social welfare of two vulnerable categories of people (i.e. psychiatric patients and the elderly). It also offers, in the specific field of mental illness, a general interpretation of the rapid social changes in urban China. Conclusion: The conclusion is that psychiatric and ageing services are both a product of interaction among various cultural and social-political-economic factors. Any social welfare intervention or policy should be based on a thorough understanding of the five dimensions referred to earlier, including the traditional Chinese familism and structural dimensions of the post-Mao ‘economic state’ orientation.
Using creativity to envision a good society

This paper considers research into civil society’s visions of a good society. In the context of this research, a good society was understood to be visions for society that included a variety of alternatives to the current neoliberal hegemony. These visions of a good society ranged from increased state intervention to place-based community level visions for society. Creative challenges were developed using creative participatory research approaches which are described below. These were framed around three core requests to civil society: to grow, encourage and converse. These core requests aim to empower the development of a broad solidarity of human values. This paper uses the theoretical perspectives of cultural, social, community and human capitals (Bourdieu, 1984; Flora and Flora, 2008; Putnam, 1995) to critically evaluate the creative challenges that have been developed by participatory research with civil society groups. The paper seeks to critically evaluate civil society’s visions of a good society, and to frame a counter-narrative to neoliberalism, which reflect creative challenges; to grow and encourage a civil society ‘field’ (Bourdieu, 1984).
Content based document recommender using deep learning

With the recent advancements in information technology there has been a huge surge in amount of data available. But information retrieval technology has not been able to keep up with this pace of information generation resulting in over spending of time for retrieving relevant information. Even though systems exist for assisting users to search a database along with filtering and recommending relevant information, but recommendation system which uses content of documents for recommendation still have a long way to mature. Here we present a Deep Learning based supervised approach to recommend similar documents based on the similarity of content. We combine the C-DSSM model with Word2Vec distributed representations of words to create a novel model to classify a document pair as relevant/irrelavant by assigning a score to it. Using our model retrieval of documents can be done in O(1) time and the memory complexity is O(n), where n is number of documents.
Management of cryptorchidism in children: guidelines.

QUESTION To develop clinical guidelines for the management of cryptorchidism in pre-pubertal boys, from early diagnosis through therapy to long-term follow-up and prognosis. METHOD Systematic review of articles from the medical literature, referenced since 1966, using validated search strategies through the following databases: Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, DARE, ACP Journal Club, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network. Relevant articles published after 1988 were taken as the basis for the statements. Each statement was graded on the basis of the study design and on its methodological quality (GRADE approach). A multidisciplinary panel of local experts discussed and evaluated each statement on the strength of this evidence. RESULTS 28 statements based on the best available evidence were drafted. The experts agreed with all but two statements, which were rated uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Cryptorchidism is best diagnosed clinically, and treated by surgical orchiopexy at age 6-12 months, without a routine biopsy. If no testis is palpable, or if other signs of hypovirilisation such as hypospadias are present, the chromosomal sex and hormonal status must be assessed. Laparoscopy is the best way of diagnosing and managing intra-abdominal testes.
Reliability of the log‐transformed EMG amplitude‐power output relationship for incremental knee‐extensor ergometry

Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the reproducibility of the log‐transformed model for electromyography (EMG) amplitude during incremental single‐leg knee‐extensor exercise. Methods: Eight healthy college‐aged men performed 3 incremental tests on separate occasions on a knee‐extensor ergometer. EMG amplitude was analyzed for each participant on each occasion for the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles at 4 different exercise power outputs (30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%) corresponding to each participant's maximal power output. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were determined for the slope and y‐intercept terms derived from the log‐transformed EMG amplitude‐power output relationship for each muscle. Results: The ICC values for the rectus femoris (slope = 0.779; y‐intercept = 0.787) and vastus medialis (slope = 0.756; y‐intercept = 0.763) muscles were high. Conclusions: The log‐transformed EMG amplitude‐power output relationship is a reliable index for measuring motor unit activation. Muscle Nerve 52:428–434, 2015
Marked reduction in obstructive sleep apnea severity in slow wave sleep.

INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is widely accepted to improve during slow wave sleep (SWS) compared to lighter stages of NREM sleep. However, supporting data to establish the magnitude and prevalence of this effect is lacking. Consequently, we examined this phenomenon, controlling for posture, in a large group of patients investigated for OSA at an academic clinical sleep service. METHODS A detailed retrospective analysis was conducted on data obtained from each 30-sec epoch of sleep in 253 consecutive full-night diagnostic polysomnography studies performed over a 3-month period. Respiratory and arousal event rates were calculated within each stage of sleep, in the supine and lateral postures, and across the whole night, with OSA patients classified on the basis of an overall apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or =15 events/h. Central sleep apnea (CSA) patients were defined by a central apnea index > 5/h. Sleep latency and time, and respiratory and arousal event rates in OSA, CSA, and non-OSA patients were compared between sleep stages and postures using linear mixed model analysis. The numbers of patients achieving reduced event rates in SWS and in the lateral posture were also examined. RESULTS There were 171 patients with OSA, 14 with CSA, and 68 non-OSA patients. OSA patients took significantly longer to achieve slow wave and REM sleep (p < 0.001) than non-OSA patients and had less stage 4 sleep (p = 0.037). There were striking improvements in AHI and arousal index (Al) from stage 1 to 4 NREM sleep (p <0.001), with intermediate levels in REM sleep. AHI and Al were also markedly reduced in lateral versus supine sleep in all sleep stages (p < 0.001), with an effect size comparable to that of the slow wave sleep effect. The majority of OSA patients achieved low respiratory event rates in SWS. Eighty-two percent of patients achieved an AHI <15 and 57% < 5 events/hour during stage 4 sleep. CONCLUSION Although OSA patients demonstrate both a delayed and reduced proportion of SWS compared to non-OSA subjects, once they achieved SWS, AHI, and Al markedly improved in most patients.
The Effects of Language Skills on the Economic Assimilation of Female Immigrants in the United States

This paper uses recent data from the American Community Survey between 2010 and 2015 to investigate the effect of language skills on women's economic assimilation who immigrated to the United States as children. The problem of endogenous language acquisition and measurement error in the language variable is addressed utilizing the phenomenon that younger children learn languages more easily than older children to construct an identifying instrument. Two-stage-least-squares estimates suggest that greater English proficiency has a positive effect on a number of indicators of economic assimilation of adult women including several measures of labor supply and earnings. A range of sensitivity tests are undertaken to check the validity of these results.
Phase I trial of tipifarnib in patients with recurrent malignant glioma taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs: a North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study.

PURPOSE To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, and clinical effect of tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor, in patients with recurrent malignant glioma taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs). This study compares the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tipifarnib at MTD in patients on and off EIAEDs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Recurrent malignant glioma patients were treated with tipifarnib using an interpatient dose-escalation scheme. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-three assessable patients taking EIAEDs received tipifarnib in escalating doses from 300 to 700 mg bid for 21 of 28 days. The dose-limiting toxicity was rash, and the MTD was 600 mg bid. There were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters at 300 mg bid between patients on and not on EIAEDs. When patients on EIAEDs and not on EIAEDs were treated at MTD (600 and 300 mg bid, respectively), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)(0-12 hours) was approximately two-fold lower in patients on EIAEDs. Farnesyltransferase inhibition was noted at all tipifarnib dose levels, as measured in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). CONCLUSION Toxicities and pharmacokinetics differ significantly when comparing patients on or off EIAEDs. EIAEDs significantly decreased the maximum concentration, AUC(0-12 hours), and predose trough concentrations of tipifarnib. Even in the presence of EIAEDs, the levels of tipifarnib were still sufficient to potently inhibit FTase activity in patient PBMCs. The relevance of these important findings to clinical activity will be determined in ongoing studies with larger numbers of patients.
Gα12/13 Is Essential for Directed Cell Migration and Localized Rho-Dia1 Function*

Scratch-wound assays are frequently used to study directed cell migration, a process critical for embryogenesis, invasion, and tissue repair. The function and identity of trimeric G-proteins in cell behavior during wound healing is not known. Here we show that Gα12/13, but not Gαq/11 or Gαi, is indispensable for coordinated and directed cell migration. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts endogenous Rho activity is present at the rear of migrating cells but also at the leading edge, whereas it is undetectable at the cell front of Gα12/13-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Spatial activation of Rho at the wound edge can be stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid. Active Rho colocalizes with the diaphanous-related formin Dia1 at the cell front. Gα12/13-deficient cells lack Dia1 localization to the wound edge and are unable to form orientated, stable microtubules during wound healing. Knock down of Dia1 reveals its requirement for microtubule stabilization as well as polarized cell migration. Thus, we identified Gα12/13-proteins as essential components linking extracellular signals to localized Rho-Dia1 function during directed cell movement.
Progressive Coxa Valga After Childhood Excision of the Hip Abductor Muscles

Summary To our knowledge, progressive coxa valga, femoral anteversion, and hip subluxation after surgical resection of soft tissue tumors of the gluteal muscles have not been described. The importance of this paper is to document proximal femoral deformity and hip subluxation in children after tumor resection of the hip abductor muscles, to provide guidelines for diagnosis and management of this problem, and to avoid late complications of progressive joint incongruity. Late deformity was seen in two cases after limb salvage surgery for a soft tissue buttock tumor. In both cases, the gluteus médius and minimus muscles were completely resected and the tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus were partially resected. The ages of the patients at initial treatment were 4 months old and 5 years old, and both patients were followed for a minimum of 4 years. Valgus deformity was seen as early as 15 months. One patient has had a varus osteotomy to correct severe coxa valga and hip subluxation; the other patient with moderate deformity is being followed clinically and radiographically.
Effect of clotting factors concentrates on lymphocyte and neutrophil function in vitro

Summary Immunological abnormalities have been reported in haemophiliacs. Although infections with HIV, hepatitis and other viruses may contribute to these abnormalities, immune defects are detectable also in HIV seronegative haemophiliacs. It is likely that chronic exposure to extraneous proteins in clotting factor concentrates (CFCs) may play a role in immunomodulation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The results of the present paper show that: a) soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I), soluble Fas-ligand (sFas-L) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are detectable in plasma derived but not in recombinant CFCs; b) the level of sHLA-I and sFas-L is proportional to the grade of CFCs purity whereas TGF-β1 showed very variable levels; c) soluble molecules detected in CFCs exert immunomodulatory effects in vitro like apoptosis induction in Jurkat cells and inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction response, antigen-specific lymphocyte cytotoxic activity and neutrophil chemotaxis.
Locked Plating of Distal Femur Fractures Leads to Inconsistent and Asymmetric Callus Formation

Objectives: Locked plating constructs may be too stiff to reliably promote secondary bone healing. This study used a novel imaging technique to quantify periosteal callus formation of distal femur fractures stabilized with locking plates. It investigated the effects of cortex-to-plate distance, bridging span, and implant material on periosteal callus formation. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: One Level I and one Level II trauma center. Patients: Sixty-four consecutive patients with distal femur fractures (AO types 32A, 33A-C) stabilized with periarticular locking plates. Intervention: Osteosynthesis using indirect reduction and bridge plating with periarticular locking plates. Main Outcome Measurement: Periosteal callus size on lateral and anteroposterior radiographs. Results: Callus size varied from 0 to 650 mm2. Deficient callus (20 mm2 or less) formed in 52%, 47%, and 37% of fractures at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postsurgery, respectively. Callus formation was asymmetric, whereby the medial cortex had on average 64% more callus (P = 0.001) than the anterior or posterior cortices. A longer bridge span correlated minimally with an increased callus size at Week 6 (P = 0.02), but no correlation was found at Weeks 12 and 24 postsurgery. Compared with stainless steel plates, titanium plates had 76%, 71%, and 56% more callus at Week 6 (P = 0.04), Week 12 (P = 0.03), and Week 24 (P = 0.09), respectively. Conclusions: Stabilization of distal femur fractures with periarticular locking plates can cause inconsistent and asymmetric formation of periosteal callus. A larger bridge span only minimally improves callus formation. The more flexible titanium plates enhanced callus formation compared with stainless steel plates.
Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin in cultured mouse Leydig cells

Abstract To explore the toxic mechanism of T-2 toxin on Leydig cells of mice, we would investigate the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin in the cells. Leydig cells were isolated and cultured with control or T-2 toxin (10−7 M, 10−8 M, or 10−9 M) for 24 h, then cells and supernatants were harvested to examine cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities, expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) related to oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA damage. The cell viability was evaluated in mouse Leydig cells by MTT assay, MDA content and SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were measured by routine kits, expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA damage was investigated by comet assay. Leydig cells treated with T-2 toxin showed significant reductions in cell viability, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress, and remarkable increases in MDA content and levels of DNA damage. This study proves that T-2 toxin is toxic to Leydig cells of mice. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the above-mentioned negative effects of T-2 toxin.
Distinct p53‐independent apoptotic cell death signalling pathways in testicular germ cell tumour cell lines

The induction of apoptosis by diverse apoptotic stimuli was studied in a panel of 6 testicular germ cell tumour(TGCT) cell lines with defined p53 status. Although the sensitivity to a particular stimulus varied considerably among the TGCT cell lines, the differences in response were not associated with the presence of functional p53. Mutant (mt) p53‐expressing NCCIT and S2 (no p53 protein) were both readily triggered into apoptosis by cisplatin and doxorubicin, while wild‐type(wt)‐p53‐transactivation‐competent 2102 EP cells failed to undergo drug‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, transactivation‐deficient NCCIT cells and wtp53‐expressing NT2 cells were equally sensitive to cisplatin, doxorubicin, gamma radiation, and cell‐permeable C2‐ceramide. Our p53 data suggest that, at least in this panel of non‐isogeneic TGCT cell lines, hypersensitivity to therapeutic agents is not associated with p53 status. Next, we examined the impact of p53 inactivation on apoptosis induction in isogeneic NT2 sublines expressing human papillomavirus E6 protein. Evidently, abrogation of p53 function did not affect the hypersensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. We noted that drug‐sensitive S2 cells were highly resistant to radiation‐induced apoptosis, indicating distinct signalling pathways for chemotherapy and irradiation. The impaired radiation‐induced apoptotic pathway in S2 and 2102 EP could not be restored by addition of cell‐permeable C2‐ceramide, suggesting that the blockade is downstream of ceramide generation. Ligation of Fas/APO‐1/CD95 by anti‐Fas effectively induced apoptosis in Fas‐antigen expressing S2, 2102 EP and 833 KE. The efficient Fas‐mediated activation of apoptosis in drug‐, radiation‐, and ceramide‐resistant 2102 EP cells further suggests that diverse apoptosis‐inducing factors may use distinct signalling pathways. In summary, we demonstrated the presence of distinct p53‐independent apoptotic pathways in TGCT cells. Int. J. Cancer 81:620–628, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Student and Teacher Perceptions of the Five Co-Teaching Models: A Pilot Study.

The potential benefits of co-teaching for students with disabilities are numerous, but more research is needed to ascertain the effectiveness of and preferences toward the current models. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate student and teacher perceptions regarding the five co-teaching models (i.e., One Teach/One Assist, Station Teaching, Parallel Teaching, Alternative Teaching, and Team Teaching) as outlined, and (2) compare teacher and student perceptions to determine the impact on learning and teaching behaviors (i.e., classroom management, teaching model, confidence, engagement, learning, motivation, behavior, differentiated instruction, teacher authority, and work requirements). The results indicated that students and teachers perceive differences among the five co-teaching models and applies statistical data to previous findings that the one teach/one assist co-teaching model is ineffective. Student and Teacher Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Co-Teaching Models: A Pilot Study Since the passing of the 1975 law, The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), students with disabilities have been entitled to an education in the least restrictive environment (LRE). And, subsequent reauthorizations (1990, 1997, and 2004) of EAHCA [now the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA)] have maintained the principle of educating students with disabilities in the LRE. The LRE can take on many forms in the classroom ranging from self-contained to the general education setting. Once the specific needs of the child, based on their disability, are assessed the LRE can be determined. For many students with disabilities the LRE is something in between the resource classroom with a special educator and the general education classroom with one general educator. Some schools have chosen to provide this intermediary classroom in the form of the inclusive, co-taught classroom; a classroom in which both students with and without disabilities are instructed by both a general and special educator. Today, the necessity for the inclusion of students with disabilities into the general education classroom has never been more evident due to the demand for the LRE. As the inclusive classroom structure began to take form, such terms as differentiated instruction and universal design for learning (UDL) became crucial in the special education profession (Anderson & Algozzine, 2007; Chapman & King, 2005; Lewis & Batts, 2005; Richards & Omdal, 2007; Rose & Meyer, 2002; Tomlinson & McTighe, 2006). It became obvious to educational professionals that simply transplanting students with disabilities into a general education classroom with only
Family Routines and Next-Generation Engagement in Family Firms

By focusing on the impact of different types of family routines and how they change, this commentary builds on concepts regarding the influence of perceived parental support and psychological control on next-generation engagement in family firms. Drawing on the organizational routines literature and the family studies literature, I propose that attention to family routines, and how these routines change (or not) over time can reveal additional insights regarding next-generation engagement in the family business.