Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory seismic monitoring of supercritical CO2 flooding in sandstone cores using the Split Hopkinson Resonant Bar technique with concurrent x‐ray Computed Tomography imaging

Accurate estimation of CO2 saturation in a saline aquifer is essential for the monitoring of supercritical CO2 injected for geological sequestration. Because of strong contrasts in density and elastic properties between brine and CO2 at reservoir conditions, seismic methods are among the most commonly employed techniques for this purpose. However the relationship between seismic (P‐wave) velocity and CO2 saturation is not unique because the velocity depends on both wave frequency and the CO2 distribution in rock. In the laboratory, we conducted measurements of seismic properties of sandstones during supercritical CO2 injection. Seismic responses of small sandstone cores were measured at frequencies near 1 kHz, using a modified resonant bar technique (Split Hopkinson Resonant Bar method). Concurrently, saturation and distribution of supercritical CO2 in the rock cores were determined via x‐ray CT scans. Changes in the determined velocities generally agreed with the Gassmann model. However, both the velocity and attenuation of the extension wave (Young's modulus or ‘bar’ wave) for the same CO2 saturation exhibited differences between the CO2 injection test and the subsequent brine re‐injection test, which was consistent with the differences in the CO2 distribution within the cores. Also, a comparison to ultrasonic velocity measurements on a bedded reservoir rock sample revealed that both compressional and shear velocities (and moduli) were strongly dispersive when the rock was saturated with brine. Further, large decreases in the velocities of saturated samples indicated strong sensitivity of the rock's frame stiffness to pore fluid.
A time-motion analysis of international women's water polo match play.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological demands of field players in international women's water polo match play. METHODS Video footage was collected at the 13th FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup in Perth in 2002. Video recordings were analyzed using a simple hand-based notation system to record predefined activity durations, frequencies, and corresponding subjective intensities. RESULTS Average exercise bout duration was 7.4 +/- 2.5 s and exercise to rest ratio within play 1:1.6 +/- 0.6. The average pattern of exercise was represented by 64.0 +/- 15.3% swimming, 13.1 +/- 9.2% contested swimming, 14.0 +/- 11.6% wrestling, and 8.9 +/- 7.1% holding position. Significant differences existed between outside and center players for percentage time swimming (67.5 +/- 14.0% vs 60.2 +/- 13.3%, P = .002) and wrestling (9.9 +/- 9.3% vs 18.4 +/- 11.1%, P = .000). A significant difference was found in the number (P = .017) and duration (P = .010) of high-intensity activity (HIA) bouts performed each quarter for outside (1.8 +/- 2.2 bouts, 7.0 +/- 3.4 s) and center players (1.2 +/- 1.5 bouts, 5.2 +/- 3.4 s). Positional differences in HIA were the result of a significant difference (P = .000) in the number of maximal/near maximal swims (outside 1.2 +/- 1.5 and center 0.5 +/- 0.9 per quarter). CONCLUSIONS This study characterizes international women's water polo match play as a highly intermittent activity. Swimming, particularly high intensity, has greater significance to outside players, whereas wrestling has greater significance to center players.
Anti-C1q Autoantibodies from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Induce a Proinflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages

Anti-C1q autoantibodies (anti-C1q) are frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and correlate with the occurrence of proliferative lupus nephritis. A previous study of anti-C1q in experimental lupus nephritis demonstrated an important role for FcγRs in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, suggesting a direct effect on phagocytes. Therefore, we developed an in vitro model to study the effect of SLE patient–derived anti-C1q bound to immobilized C1q (imC1q) on human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) obtained from healthy donors and SLE patients. HMDMs were investigated by analyzing the cell morphology, LPS-induced cytokine profile, surface marker expression, and phagocytosis rate of apoptotic Jurkat cells. Morphologically, bound anti-C1q induced cell aggregations of HMDMs compared with imC1q or IgG alone. In addition, anti-C1q reversed the effect of imC1q alone, shifting the LPS-induced cytokine release toward a proinflammatory response. FcγR-blocking experiments revealed that the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was mediated via FcγRII. The anti-C1q–induced inflammatory cytokine profile was accompanied by a downregulation of CD163 and an upregulation of LPS-induced CD80, CD274, and MHC class II. Finally, HMDMs primed on bound anti-C1q versus imC1q alone displayed a significantly lower phagocytosis rate of early and late apoptotic cells accompanied by a reduced Mer tyrosine kinase expression. Interestingly, anti-C1q–dependent secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was similar in SLE patient–derived cells, with the exception that IL-10 was slightly increased. In conclusion, anti-C1q induced a proinflammatory phenotype in HMDMs reversing the effects of imC1q alone. This effect might exacerbate underlying pathogenic mechanisms in lupus nephritis.
Cutaneous id reactions: A comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etiology, and management

Id reactions are a type of secondary inflammatory reaction that develops from a remote localized immunological insult. To date, id reactions caused by various fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections have been reported. Superficial fungal infections, especially tinea pedis, are the most common cause of id reactions. Id reactions exhibit multiple clinical presentations, including localized or widespread vesicular lesions, maculopapular or scarlatiniform eruptions, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, erythema annulare centrifugum, Sweet’s syndrome, guttate psoriasis, and autoimmune bullous disease. The mechanisms underlying id reactions vary depending on the type of clinical presentation. The most important aspect of therapy involves the identification and adequate treatment of the underlying infection or dermatitis. This review comprehensively discusses the current state of the field concerning cutaneous id reactions, including diagnostic criteria, clinical presentations, underlying infectious conditions, etiologic agents, immunologic characteristics, histopathologic findings, and management strategies.
An integrated framework for intellectual capital measurement and knowledge management implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises

This paper presents a model for measuring intellectual capital (IC) within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in correlation with the key factors for the successful implementation of knowledge management (KM). Most of the existing IC measurement models are intended to cover general aspects. The kernel of these models could be customized/extended to handle more specific aspects, like KM. The focus of this study is the integration between an IC measurement model and the key factors for successful implementing of KM. The paper identifies, analyses and compares IC elements that are relevant for SMEs and how they can be linked with the IC measurement methods for determining if a company is ready for KM. For this purpose, a general IC measurement model is taken as reference for the study.
A serological study of intrafamilial spread from patients with sporadic hepatitis E virus infection

Summary. Intrafamilial transmission is rare in epidemic hepatitis E; its frequency in sporadic hepatitis E is not known. We followed up 86 household contacts (age range 4–75 years, mean ± SD 32.4 ± 15.8; 49 males), who were family members of patients with acute sporadic hepatitis E. Of the 86 contacts, 68 (79%) tested negative for IgG anti‐hepatitis E virus antibodies. Four (4.7%) had IgM anti‐hepatitis E virus antibodies at the time of diagnosis of hepatitis E in the index case; two of these contacts possibly had hepatitis E virus infection acquired simultaneously with that in the index case, and two could have had intrafamilial transmission. None developed serological evidence of hepatitis E virus infection over a period of 49 ± 18 days after the diagnosis of index case, although a majority lacked IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus and were likely to be susceptible. This suggests that person‐to‐person transmission is uncommon in sporadic hepatitis E.
Measuring Autobiographical Fluency in the Self-Memory System

Autobiographical memory is widely considered to be fundamentally related to concepts of self and identity. However, few studies have sought to test models of self and memory directly using experimental designs. Using a novel autobiographical fluency paradigm, the present study investigated memory accessibility for different levels of self-related knowledge. Forty participants generated 20 “I am” statements about themselves, from which the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th were used as cues in a two-minute autobiographical fluency task. The most salient aspects of the self, measured by both serial position and ratings of personal significance, were associated with more accessible sets of autobiographical memories. This finding supports theories that view the self as a powerful organizational structure in memory. Results are discussed with reference to models of self and memory.
Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression by Specific Inhibition of Basal JNK Activity

The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases has been implicated largely in stress responses, but an increasing body of evidence has suggested that JNK also plays a role in cell proliferation and survival. We examined the effect of JNK inhibition, using either SP600125 or specific antisense oligonucleotides, on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. SP600125 was selective for JNK in vitro and in vivo versus other kinases tested including ERK, p38, cyclin-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK2. SP600125 inhibited JNK activity and KB-3 cell proliferation with the same dose dependence, suggesting that inhibition of proliferation was a direct consequence of JNK inhibition. Inhibition of proliferation by SP600125 was associated with an increase in the G2-M and apoptotic fractions of cells but was not associated with p53 or p21 induction. Antisense oligonucleotides to JNK2 but not JNK1 caused highly significant inhibition of cell proliferation. Wild-type mouse fibroblasts responded similarly with proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, whereas c-jun-/- fibroblasts were refractory to the effects of SP600125, suggesting that JNK signaling to c-Jun is required for cell proliferation. Studies in synchronized KB-3 cells indicated that SP600125 delayed transit time through S and G2-M phases. Correspondingly, JNK activity increased in late S phase and peaked in late G2 phase. During synchronous mitotic progression, cyclin B levels increased concomitant with phosphorylation of c-Jun, H1 histone, and Bcl-2. In the presence of SP600125, mitotic progression was prolonged, and c-Jun phosphorylation was inhibited, but neither H1 nor Bcl-2 phosphorylation was inhibited. However, the CDK inhibitor roscovitine inhibited mitotic Bcl-2 phosphorylation. These results indicate that JNK, and more specifically the JNK2 isoform, plays a key role in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. In addition, conclusive evidence is presented that a kinase other than JNK, most likely CDK1 or a CDK1-regulated kinase, is responsible for mitotic Bcl-2 phosphorylation.
AQUATIC PLANT SPECIATION AFFECTED BY DIVERSIFYING SELECTION OF ORGANELLE DNA REGIONS 1

Many of the genes that control photosynthesis are carried in the chloroplast. These genes differ among species. However, evidence has yet to be reported revealing the involvement of organelle genes in the initial stages of plant speciation. To elucidate the molecular basis of aquatic plant speciation, we focused on the unique plant species Chara braunii C. C. Gmel. that inhabits both shallow and deep freshwater habitats and exhibits habitat‐based dimorphism of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Here, we examined the “shallow” and “deep” subpopulations of C. braunii using two nuclear DNA (nDNA) markers and cpDNA. Genetic differentiation between the two subpopulations was measured in both nDNA and cpDNA regions, although phylogenetic analyses suggested nuclear gene flow between subpopulations. Neutrality tests based on Tajima’s D demonstrated diversifying selection acting on organelle DNA regions. Furthermore, both “shallow” and “deep” haplotypes of cpDNA detected in cultures originating from bottom soils of three deep environments suggested that migration of oospores (dormant zygotes) between the two habitats occurs irrespective of the complete habitat‐based dimorphism of cpDNA from field‐collected vegetative thalli. Therefore, the two subpopulations are highly selected by their different aquatic habitats and show prezygotic isolation, which represents an initial process of speciation affected by ecologically based divergent selection of organelle genes.
Studies on the rate of selective uptake of amino acids by Trichinella larvae in vivo

Abstract Groups of C57BL/6J mice, orally infected with 300 larvae each of Trichinella spiralis or T. pseudospiralis were injected with [3H]-alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan or glycine. The incorporation of isotope labelled amino acids into larval proteins was measured at 2, 6, and 12 months post-infection. It was shown that there is a significant increase in the in vivo uptake of isotope labelled amino acids with time by the larvae of T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis. The level of uptake was highest for tyrosine followed by tryptophan, alanine and then glycine, for both species. The in vivo uptake of amino acids by T. pseudospiralis larvae was always higher than T. spiralis or the host at 6 and 12 months post-infection. At 2 months post-infection, T. spiralis uptake of these amino acids was higher, except for tyrosine. This may be related to the special needs of these larvae during the process of encystation. The higher metabolic requirements of T. pseudospiralis may be related to the higher energy needs of these non encapsulated, highly motile and mobile muscle larvae.
Tamponade and injection sclerotherapy in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices

One hundred patients with bleeding oesophageal varices were randomized into two treatment groups after resuscitation. One group was managed by tamponade only (group 1); the other group (group 2) was treated by endoscopic injection of oesophageal varices. The patients in group 2 were further subdivided into 25 patients (group 2a), who had tamponade applied immediately after sclerotherapy, and 25 patients (group 2b), who had sclerotherapy without subsequent tamponade.
Long-Distance Rescue and Slow Extinction Dynamics Govern Multiscale Metapopulations

Rare long-distance dispersal is known to be critical for species dynamics, but how the interplay between short- and long-distance colonization influences regional persistence in a fragmented habitat remains poorly understood. We propose a metapopulation model that combines local colonization within habitat islands and long-distance colonization between islands. We study how regional occupancy dynamics are affected by the multiscale colonization process. We find that the island size distribution (ISD) is a key driver of the long-term occupancy dynamics. When the ISD is heterogeneous—that is, when the size of islands is variable—we show that extinction dynamics become very slow. We demonstrate that this behavior is unrelated to the well-known extinction debt near the critical extinction threshold. Hence, this finding questions the equivalence between extinction debt and critical transitions in the context of metapopulation collapse. Furthermore, we show that long-distance colonization can rescue small islands from extinction and sustain a steady regional occupancy. These results provide novel theoretical and practical insights into extinction dynamics and persistence in fragmented habitats and are thus relevant for the design of conservation strategies.
A Decision Tree-Based Method for Fault Classification in Double-Circuit Transmission Lines

In this paper, a novel method for fault classification of double-circuit transmission lines is presented. The proposed method needs voltages and currents of only one side of the protected line. After detecting the exact time of fault inception and calculating the odd harmonics of the measured signals, up to the nineteenth, a decision tree algorithm has been employed for recognition of the intercircuit fault type. Also, the proposed method is extended for classification of crossover faults in these transmission lines. Simulation results have shown that the proposed method can classify the faults in less than a quarter of a cycle with the highest possible accuracy.
Failure of ligation of the left auricular appendage in the prevention of recurrent embolism.

THE problem of systemic arterial embolism in rheumatic heart disease does not end after the patient has survived the acute episode. As protection from re-embolism, which threatens in some 45 per cent of cases,1 programs based on the use of Dicumarol with ambulatory patients leave much to be desired. Irregular anticoagulant control, further embolism despite adequate control, major hemorrhage and death are recognized complications of this prophylactic method. Dock in 1946 originally suggested to Madden2 the possibilities of left-atrial-appendage resection, but the seven reported surgical attempts1 , 3 , 4 made since that time to prevent recurrent embolism into the greater circulation have been .
Targeted and reversible disruption of the blood‐testis barrier by an ΔFSH mutant‐occludin peptide conjugate

The blood‐testis barrier (BTB) is one of the tightest blood‐tissue barriers in mammals. As such, it poses a challenge to deliver any drugs to the seminiferous epithelium of the testis, such as a nonhormonal male contraceptive. To circumvent this problem, a genetically engineered follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) mutant protein was produced in Spodoptera furgiperda (Sf)‐9 insect cells to serve as a testis‐specific carrier. Subsequently, a 22‐amino acid peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of occludin, which was known to disrupt BTB integrity in vivo, was inserted to the ΔFSH mutant by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as chemical cross‐linking. This molecule was found to have negligible hormonal activity but was still capable of binding to ΔFSH receptors, which are restricted to Sertoli cells in mammals. When this ΔFSH mutant‐occludin peptide conjugate was administered to adult rats at 40 µg/adult rat (~300 gm b.w.) via intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection, it induced transient and reversible disruption of the BTB, while at 150 g/rat, it induced partial germ cell loss from the testis, particularly elongating/elongate spermatids. Most importantly, this effect was limited to the BTB without compromising the TJ‐barrier integrity or cell adhesion in epithelia of other organs, such as kidney, liver, and small intestine. In summary, the use of an ΔFSH mutant‐occludin peptide conjugate is a feasible nanodevice to transiently compromise the BTB. —Wong, C. ‐H. , Mruk, D. D. , Lee, W. M. , Cheng, C. Y. Targeted and reversible disruption of the blood‐testis barrier by an ΔFSH mutant‐occludin peptide conjugate. FASEB J. 21, 438–448 (2007)
Influence Of Calcium On Water Relation Of Two Cultivars Of Wheat Under Salt Stress

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of Ca 2+ on water relation of two wheat cultivars (Akbar and Kanchan) under salt stress. The two wheat cultivars were grown in pots with 0 and 150 mM NaCl salinity. Calcium was applied in the form of gypsum in 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36g pot -1 (that is 20, 40 and 60 kg ha -1 ) respectively. Salinity decreased RWC, WRC, exudation rate and ψ leaf , while increased WSD and WUC. Application of increased levels of Ca improved the plant water status in both cultivars. The results obtained in the present study suggest that elevated Ca 2+ increases salt tolerance by improving the plant water status. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 1-8 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ije.v2i1. 9202
Effects of novel and wild-type endophytes in perennial ryegrass on cow health and production

Abstract AIM: To measure the effects of AR37, AR1 and Wild-type endophytes in perennial ryegrass on cow health and milk production. METHODS: Four indoor and six grazing experiments were used to evaluate a perennial ryegrass cultivar containing either novel (AR37, AR1) or Wild-type (HE or Standard) endophytes or no endophyte (Nil). Three hectares of each ryegrass/endophyte association were sown with a white clover cultivar in April 2005 and either grazed or cut for indoor feeding from July 2005 to March 2009. The novel endophytes were distinguished by the production of epoxy-janthitrems by AR37 and peramine only by AR1, both of which deter insect attack. This is the first assessment of the effects of AR37 endophyte on dairy cow health and production. In all experiments, cows were monitored for indications of ryegrass staggers (RGS) by visual scoring, respiration rate as an indicator of heat stress and, in some instances, packed cell volume (blood haematocrit), blood serum albumin concentrations and skin elasticity as indicators of dehydration. Milk production and composition were measured routinely. Pasture production, composition and alkaloid content were determined, as well as temperature and humidity in the indoor feeding facility. Indoor experiments enabled accurate measurement of dry matter intakes, as well as water consumption in some instances. RESULTS: Cows eating AR37 or AR1 ryegrass did not develop RGS. During indoor feeding experiments in summer and autumn, cows eating ryegrass infected with Wild-type (Wild-type ryegrass) always developed RGS, while under rotational grazing, onset of RGS was less predictable and rarely affected all animals in the group. Severity of RGS was related to the concentration of lolitrem B in ryegrass. No cows demonstrated signs of extreme heat stress in any situation. During summer indoor feeding, cows eating ryegrass infected with AR1 endophyte (AR1 ryegrass) sometimes produced more milk and milksolids (MS) compared to ryegrass infected with AR37 (AR37 ryegrass). The dry matter intakes of cows fed AR37 ryegrass were sometimes higher than those fed AR1, and intakes were lowest when Wild-type ryegrass was fed. Water intakes of cows fed Wild-type ryegrass indoors were lower than those of cows fed AR1 or AR37 ryegrass in two of the three summer indoor experiments. The cows fed AR1 ryegrass indoors always produced more MS than cows fed Wild-type ryegrass. Under grazing, the same trends were detected, but production over three full lactations was similar for AR1 and AR37 ryegrass. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The absence of animal health and management problems, especially RGS, makes the novel endophytes AR37 and AR1 attractive alternatives to Wild-type ryegrass. Total MS production over three consecutive lactations was not affected by endophyte treatment. The choice of novel endophyte for pasture renewal will depend on local insect pest populations.