Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Öğretmen Adaylarının Okuma Stratejilerini Kullanma Düzeyleri

Okuma anlama basarisi, bilissel surecin ustbilissel stratejilerle izlenmesi ve kontrol edilmesi sonucunda artmaktadir. Ustbilissel stratejiler okuma egitiminde okuma stratejileri olarak yerini almaktadir. Ogrencilerin ustbilissel farkindaliklarinin gelistirilmesi sonucunda strateji kullanimi bilincli bir sekilde yerlesmektedir. Ogretmen adaylarinin okuma stratejilerini beceri haline getirmesi, gelecekte ogrencilerini bu acidan gelistirebilmeleri acisindan onemlidir. Bu calismada ogretmen adaylarinin okuma stratejilerini kullanma duzeylerini betimlemek amaclanmistir. Arastirma tarama modelinde yurutulmustur. Arastirmaya 2016-2017 egitim ve ogretim doneminde Bartin Universitesi Egitim Fakultesinde, sinif ogretmenligi, sosyal bilgiler, Turkce, matematik ve fen bilgisi ogretmenligi bolumlerinde, 2. ve 3. siniflarda okuyan 297 ogretmen adayi katilmistir. Arastirmanin verileri Ustbilissel Okuma Stratejileri Olcegi ile toplanmistir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda ogretmen adaylarinin okuma stratejilerini sik kullandiklari, okuma stratejileri kullanma duzeyinde cinsiyete gore anlamli bir fark olmadigi, okuduklari bolume ve okuma aliskanligi duzeyine gore anlamli farklar oldugu belirlenmistir. Arastirma bulgularina dayali olarak; egitim fakultesi ogrencilerinin okuma stratejileri kullanimlarini en ust duzeye yukseltebilmeleri icin ogretim programlarinda ve egitim sureclerinde okuma stratejilerine yer verilmesi; ogretim elemanlarinin ogretmen adaylarini okumaya yonlendirmede duyussal, bilissel ve davranissal katkilar saglamaya calismasi; konuyla ilgili boylamsal ve nitel arastirmalar yapilmasi onerilmektedir.
Optimization of Turning Parameters to Minimize Production Cost using Genetic Algorithm

In material removal process, turning is one of the oldest processes that were introduced to remove unwanted material by rotating the workpiece. The turning process were significantly change by introduction of computer numerical control (CNC). However, the process improvement is not stopping there, but the focused has change to reduce the machining cost. The parameter setting will affects a few independent variables such as surface roughness, cutting force, machining time, machining cost and so on. Improper parameter selection will caused vibration in cutting, unsecure workpiece, unappealing finishing and cost consuming. Therefore, the optimum parameter setting is required because it related to certain quality characteristics such as the unit production cost. This paper presents the study to minimize production cost for CNC turning process by using genetic algorithm (GA) method with some modification. The result shows that, the GA with modification was capable to reduce 2.9% of production cost compare to existing GA and two other methods. Therefore the optimum parameter setting which produce minimum production cost and in acceptable quality range was established.
The Expression of DNA Methyltransferase DNMT3a in Classical and Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes has been studied extensively during the last 15 years. As was revealed, DNA modification such as methylation possess great impact on cell fate and can result in abnormal protein expression patterns what can lead to the induction of carcinogenesis. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases are enzymes that catalyses the transfer of methyl groups to specific CpG structures in DNA. The methylation of these sequences can lead to inappropriate gene expression such as the silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a) gene encodes a DNA methyltransferase that is thought to function mainly in de novo methylation. In the normal liver DNMT3a is usually expressed on the medium level, as was described in literature. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains one of the most common cause of death among patients with cancer. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL) represents rare subtype, which affects usually young people (an onset between 20-30 years) and its etiology is poorly understood. In our study we compared the presence of DNMT3a protein between two different types of HCC-common type and fibrolamellar one. We performed immunohistochemical staining of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections obtained from 30 patients (22 HCC and 8 FL). We found that DNMT3a immunoreactivity is significantly more pronounced in the non-fibrolamellar variant of HCC than in the fibrolamellar one. The DNMT3a immunoreactivity was predominantly localized in cancer cell nuclei in a form of separate large granules spotted in proximity to heterochromatin region. The reduced presence of DNMT3a in the fibrolamellar variant of HCC may suggest that different epigenetic mechanisms are involved in development of this particular type of liver cancer. Improving our understanding of the roles of DNMT proteins in hepatocarcinogenesis can benefit in the development of epigenetic –based therapy designed for specific HCC subtype.
Cohesive Devices in Translator Training: A Study Based on a Romanian Translational Learner Corpus

Formal links are naturally associated with cohesion as one of the main features of discourse. Cohesion has been extensively discussed in the literature especially in terms of the mechanisms generating it, but also in terms of its equivalence in translation. As with any type of discourse, the communicative value of translated texts is enhanced by their cohesive texture. Less attention has been granted to the translation of formal links carrying additional functions though. This study examines some cohesive devices in student translations with a special focus on the translatability of ellipsis, substitution and reference when they are enriched with stylistic, sociolectal and rhetorical values. The study is based on a translational learner corpus consisting of Romanian graduate students’ translations of a short story from English into Romanian. The methodology for assessing and analyzing the learner corpus is of both quantitative and qualitative nature and employs simplification, explicitation and neutralization. The conclusions comprise insights into some problematic areas in the trainees’ translations, as well as observations related to contrastive aspects of cohesive devices between English and Romanian. A teaching methodology is subsequently derived from the findings in an attempt to offer a more comprehensive approach to the pedagogy of translating cohesive devices with stylistic load.
Nanofilamentos de almidón de maíz obtenidos por electrospinning

Until today, there are not reports of nanofilaments from starch. Therefore, the aim of this research was to find the conditions for obtaining nanofilaments from natural polymers by the electrospinning process. An electrospinning prototype system built at laboratory was used. The performance of native corn starch water suspension (control), and succinated corn starch mixed with water, glycerol and surfactant were evaluated by electrospinning. Several processing parameters were critical for obtaining nanofilaments, among them were distance between needle and collector, voltage, conductivity, dielectric constant as well as water suspension viscosity. Native starch was not appropriate for obtaining nanofilaments due to particles agglomeration by retrogradation. To overcome those problems, several mixtures of succinated starch, surfactant Tween-20 and glycerol were evaluated. The viscosity was reduced from 664 cP in native starch mixture to 28 cP in succinated corn starch/Tween 20/glycerol, and the resulting low viscosity together with high dielectric constant >253 were adequated for achieving nanofilament of average diameter of 200 nm by electrospinning due to formation of Taylor’s cone. Corn starch nanofilaments have several amazing characteristics making them optimal for many applications as scaffolds in regenerative medicine, thickeners and glues in other industries.
Financial incentives and financial innovation adoption in Nigeria (2005– 2010)

Various scholars and researchers have recognized that the development of the financial sector has productivity and growth-enhancing effects. In this regard, several policies that increase financial deepening have been nurtured with the aim of improving economic growth both in developed and developing countries. Access to financial services in Nigeria is still relatively low. As at 2010, only 36.0 per cent were served by formal financial services, compared to 68.0 per cent in South Africa and 41.0 per cent in Kenya. In addition, about 34.0 per cent of the excluded population had no formal education, while 80.4 per cent reside in rural areas. A large percentage of Nigerian populace is unbanked. Therefore the rate of financial innovation adoption is low. This study sought to investigate the effects financial incentives (Interest rate) on financial innovation adoption in the Nigerian banking sector. The study achieves this objective using data from CBN and NBS from 2005 to 2010. Financial Incentives: the independent variable was captured by Interest Rate, the dependent variables; Financial deepening and financial innovation adoption were measured by Customers and Deposit base. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the secondary data collected. The study found that in Nigeria, financial incentive interest rates were effective for financial innovation adoption by increasing banks customers’ deposit base, but interest rate is not enough to draw more people to the bank (financial penetration), i.e. improving customer base. However, the empirical results also revealed that there is more to financial innovation adoption and penetration other than just monetary instruments (interest rate), because banks have limited power on interest rate movement, which is subject to directives from CBN. The study therefore recommends policies that will encourage the public to have more confidence in the financial system and Deposit money banks. This will encourage more people to patronize financial innovation products and services, participate in economic activities, borrow and invest more, there by bringing quick turnaround to economic and financial development in Nigeria.
Strategies for coping with feed scarcity among urban and peri-urban livestock farmers in Kampala, Uganda

Livestock keeping is increasingly becoming more popular in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. However, lack of feed is a real challenge. Inadequatefeed supply in urban areas is due to many interacting factors, which include among others land shortage, high cost of feeds, climate risks and poor quality of feeds. The objective of this study was to identify and examine the effectiveness of the strategies adopted by livestock farmers in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala, Uganda to cope with feed scarcity. A total of 120 livestock farmers from Kampala were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Dairy cattle (48.3%) and chickens (37.5%) were the most common species, followed by pigs (34.2%), goats (26.7%) and sheep (3.3%). Farm size was generally small both in terms of herd size and total landholding. Cattle and pig farmers in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala ranked feed scarcity as their first major constraint, while chicken farmers had high cost of feeds. These farmers have adopted several strategies for coping with feed scarcity. Among the major coping strategies adopted were: changing of feed resources based on availability and cost (37.5%), purchasing of feed ingredients in bulk (29.7%), using crop/food wastes (26.6%), harvesting of forages growing naturally in open access lands (23.4%) and reducingherd size (17.2%). However, most of the coping strategies adopted were largely aimed at dealing with the perennial challenge of feed scarcity on a day-by-day basis rather than dealing with it using sustainable and long-term strategies.
How Does the Retail Environment Influence Shoppers' Emotional Experience? Evidence from Two Retail Settings.

This study examines the relationships that exist among shoppers’ perceptions of a retail environment and their emotions, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions with respect to that shopping setting. A model of these relationships is developed and then tested in two distinct retail settings—shopping centres and traditional retailing areas. The results show that, in general, positive perceptions of a retail environment have a positive influence on positive emotions, on repatronage intentions, and on desire to remain longer in the shopping area in both retail settings. However, some interesting differences emerge between shopping centres and traditional retailing areas: (i) there is a stronger effect of internal environment on emotions in shopping centres than in traditional retailing areas; and (ii) there is a negative effect of internal environment in shopping centres on disposition to pay more.
Pattern of shell utilization by the hermit crab Paguristes tortugae (Diogenidae) from Anchieta Island, southern Brazil*

The objective of this study was to characterize the pattern of shell utilization by Paguristes tortugae , from infralittoral areas of Anchieta Island (Ubatuba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil) using the percentage of the different shell types occupied and the morphometric relationship between hermit crabs and occupied shells. Specimens were collected monthly (January to December 1998) by SCUBA diving. The animals and the shells were measured and weighed. A total of 2,429 hermit crabs were captured occupying 21 species of gastropod shells. The shells more occupied were Pisania auritula (35.49%), Cerithium atratum (27.83%), Morula nodulosa (12.70%) and Leucozonia nassa (6.83%), respectively. There was differential shell occupation between sexes: males and ovigerous females occupied in higher percentage P. auritula shells while the non-ovigerous females occupied C. atratum . Regression analysis showed best correlation between the size of the crabs (shield length) and shell dry weight. This study showed that shell occupation by P. tortugae involves inter- and intraspecific competition as well as shell type availability in the field.
Safety and Reliability of Lactobacillus Supplements in Seattle, Washington (A Pilot Study)

In this pilot study, Lactobacillus supplements in Seattle, Washington were analyzed as to safety and reliability. The contents of twenty brands of Lactobacillus supplement were cultured for viability. Microorganisms isolated from the samples were identified as to genus and species using DNA analysis. Results were compared to contents stated on the bottles. One of the brands tested had organisms isolated that were identical to those stated on the bottle. 30% of the samples had contaminants and 20% of the brands had no growth. Viability of the samples was significantly (p=.014) associated with refrigeration status. From this pilot study it appears that Lactobacillus dietary supplements examined in the Seattle, Washington are not reliable and may not be safe for the consumer.
Acoustic emission and microslip precursors to stick‐slip failure in sheared granular material

We investigate the physics of laboratory earthquake precursors in a biaxial shear configuration. We conduct laboratory experiments at room temperature and humidity in which we shear layers of glass beads under applied normal loads of 2–8 MPa and with shearing rates of 5–10 µm/s. We show that above ~ 3 MPa load, acoustic emission (AE), and shear microfailure (microslip) precursors exhibit an exponential increase in rate of occurrence, culminating in stick‐slip failure. Precursors take place where the material is in a critical state—still modestly dilating, yet while the macroscopic frictional strength is no longer increasing.
Response of Direct-Seeded Dry Bulb Onion to Simulated Glyphosate Drift with Variable Rates and Application Timings

Abstract Field studies were conducted in 2011 at the Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR and Prosser, WA to evaluate the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on direct-seeded dry bulb onion. Glyphosate was applied at 8.6, 25.8, 86, 290, 434, and 860 g ae ha−1 when onion plants were at the flag-, two-, four-, and six-leaf stages. Onion foliar injury was directly related to the glyphosate dose and varied with application timing. Foliar injury at 7 d after treatment (DAT) ranged from 0 to 12% for glyphosate ≤ 25.8 g ha−1. Foliar injury increased at 21 DAT when glyphosate was applied ≥ 25.8 g ha−1 to plants at the flag- and four-leaf stage, and ranged from 24 to 99%. The 50%-injury glyphosate dose at 21 DAT was lowest when onion was treated at the four-leaf and flag stages and was estimated to be 76.8 and 81 g ha−1, respectively. Onion injury severity increased when glyphosate was applied at ≥ 86 g ha−1 and eventually resulted in plant death at 860 g ha−1. Foliar injury was inversely correlated to U.S. no. 1 onion yield. Onions displayed sensitivity to very low glyphosate doses especially at the four-leaf stage. Shikimic acid accumulation increased with the increase in glyphosate dose and was positively correlated with foliar injury and negatively correlated with plant height and onion yield. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; onion, Allium cepa L. ‘Vaquero' Resumen Se realizaron estudios de campo en 2011 en la Estación Experimental Malheur, Ontario, OR y Prosser, WA para evaluar el efecto de la deriva simulada de glyphosate sobre el bulbo de cebolla seca de siembra directa. Se aplicó glyphosate a 8.6, 25.8, 86, 290, 434 y 860 g ae ha−1 cuando las plantas de cebolla estaban en los estadios de hoja bandera, dos, cuatro y seis hojas. El daño foliar de la cebolla estuvo directamente relacionado a la dosis de glyphosate y varió con el momento de aplicación. El daño foliar a 7 días después del tratamiento (DAT) varió de 0 a 12% para glyphosate a ≤25.8 g ha−1. El daño foliar incrementó a 21 DAT cuando glyphosate se aplicó a ≥25.8 g ha−1 a plantas en los estados de bandera y cuatro hojas y varió de 24 a 99%. La dosis más baja de 50% de daño de glyphosate a 21 DAT se observó cuando la cebolla fue tratada en los estados de cuatro hojas y hoja bandera y se estimó que fue 76.8 y 81 g ha−1, respectivamente. La severidad del daño de la cebolla aumentó cuando glyphosate se aplicó a ≥86 g ha−1 y eventualmente resultó en la muerte de la planta a 860 g ha−1. El daño foliar estuvo inversamente correlacionado con el rendimiento de cebolla U.S. no. 1. La cebolla mostró sensibilidad a dosis muy bajas de glyphosate especialmente en el estado de cuatro hojas. La acumulación de shikimic acid aumentó con el incremento en la dosis de glyphosate y estuvo positivamente correlacionada con el daño foliar y negativamente correlacionada con la altura de la planta y el rendimiento de la cebolla.
PREDICTING HABITAT DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC AND CRITICALLY ENDANGERED DIPTEROCARPUS LITTORALIS IN NUSAKAMBANGAN, INDONESIA

ROBIANSYAH, I. 2017. Predicting habitat distribution of endemic and critically endangered Dipterocarpus littoralis in Nusakambangan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(1): 11 – 18. —The tree species Dipterocarpus littoralis (Blume) Kurz. is endemic to Nusakambangan and categorized as critically endangered. In the present study, the habitat suitability of the species in Nusakambangan was predicted using logistic regression analysis and Maxent model. Three topographic variables (elevation, slope, and aspect), distance from river and coastline, and one vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) as well as two water content indexes (Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI)) were used as predictors of the models. Employing initial number of 82 presence and 250 absence data of D. littoralis, both models were able to predict the suitable areas for the species with fairly high success rate. The AUC and Kappa value for logistic regression were 0.77 ± 0.027 and 0.34 ± 0.058, respectively, while the respected values for Maxent were 0.91 ± 0.062 and 0.37 ± 0.025. Logistic regression analysis identified a total area of 26.13 km to be suitable for D. littoralis, while a smaller suitable area (7.85 km) was predicted by Maxent model. Coastal areas in the west part of the island were predicted by both models as areas with high suitability for D. littoralis. Furthermore, distance from coastline and river, elevation, NDVI, NDWI and NDMI were suggested to be very important for the species ecology and distribution. The results of this study may serve as a basis for population reinforcement and reintroduction programs of D. littoralis and guide for ecosystem management of Nusakambangan Island as a whole.
From Macro to Micro—How Much Micro is too Much?

Abstract This paper discusses the usefulness of the trend towards microsimulation in urban transport and land‐use modelling for the planning practice. It starts with a history of urban transport and land‐use models and observes a trend towards increasing conceptual, spatial and temporal resolution stimulated by improved data availability, higher computer speed and better theories about mobility and location of individual behaviour. While recognizing these advances, the paper calls attention to the problems of disaggregate models in terms of data requirements, computing time and stochastic variation and shows that in the light of new challenges cities are facing environmental problems, such as energy scarcity and climate change, not further refinement but more focus on basic needs and constraints is needed to make the models useful for the planning practice. As a possible solution to the macro–micro debate, it calls for a theory of multi‐level models according to which for each planning task there is an appropriate level of conceptual, spatial and temporal resolution. The paper closes with an example of a multi‐level land use, transport and environment model ranging from the European to the grid cell level.
The impact of money on output in Czech Republic and Romania

The problem of relationship between output and money has become again a subject of special interests of economists after the most recent global financial crisis and monetary stabilization policies applied by central banks of almost all developed economies. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to assess the relation between GDP and the most important monetary variables in two countries: Romania and Czech Republic over the period of 1995:Q1 – 2015:Q4. The choice of these economies was deliberate. The selected countries are different from the viewpoint of rate and results of transformation from the centrally planned to market economy, which have influenced their current economic environment stability. Czech Republic is currently classified as middle or even developed country, whereas Romania is still considered as a developing economy. Thus, differences between these two countries make them interesting in the case of comparative studies. In the empirical part of our research the vector error correction models (VECM) were applied. The main findings of the article are the following: in Romania, there is a short-run causality from money supply (M3) to GDP and a long-run relationship between GDP, internal credit and M3. According to Granger causality test, the rate of M3 in Romania was a cause for economic. In Czech Republic, there is a short-run causality from M3 to GDP and a long-run causality between GDP, internal credit and M3. Thus, the results contradict the money neutrality hypothesis in post-transformation Central European economies.