Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Subject: The Interaction of Syntax and Semantics in the Production of English Verb Agreement

A key debate in the psycholinguistic study of grammatical language production is whether the process is a syntactocentric one, driven by grammatical information and grammatical rules, or a dynamic, interactive one, involving both semantic and syntactic information. Examining how speakers produce subject-verb number agreement has been useful in addressing this debate. Verb agreement is widely considered to be primarily a syntactic process in which grammatical number features of the subject are copied onto the verb. Variation in verb agreement patterns can, however, reflect the construal of the subject number. Such variation suggests that speakers are sensitive to both syntactic and semantic information about the subject during the production of agreement. However, psycholinguistic accounts of how speakers integrate these two types of information cannot yet account for the full range of variation seen in agreement in spontaneous, natural speech. This dissertation concerns a subject-verb number agreement pattern that cannot be explained either in terms of grammatical form or semantic construal of the subject, exemplified by the utterance [One thing I thought about the other day]-SG were-PL batteries. The research presented here examines how verb agreement is affected by grammatical and semantic features outside of the subject noun phrase: the number of the post-verbal nominal, the concreteness of the post-verbal noun relative to the subject, and the semantics of the construction used when agreement is produced. I used a corpus study and three elicited production experiments to investigate how these features correlated with speakers’ likelihood of producing verb agreement that did not match the grammatical number of the subject. iv Results demonstrate that speakers are sensitive to both grammatical and semantic information outside of the subject when producing verb number agreement. Specifically, the grammatical number of the post-verbal nominal affects speakers’ production of verb agreement. Furthermore, the effects of post-verbal number are modulated by constructional semantics. These findings cannot be accounted for by syntactocentric models of language production, in which grammatical forms are processed in isolation from semantic information. Rather, they suggest that grammatical language production is an interactive process in which semantic information can modulate the effects of activated syntactic features.
Is Instructional Emphasis on the Use of Non‐Mathematical Representations Worth the Effort?

A hallmark of physics is its rich use of representations. The most common types used by physicists are mathematical representations such as equations, but many problems are rendered more tractable through the use of other representations such as diagrams or graphs. Examples of representations include force diagrams in mechanics, state diagrams in thermodynamics, and motion graphs in kinematics. Most introductory physics courses teach students to use these representations as they apply physical models to problems. But does student representation use correlate with problem‐solving success? In this paper we address this question by analyzing student representation usage during the first semester of an introductory physics course for biologists taught in an active‐learning setting.
Acute Perforated Duodenal Ulcer In Maiduguri

Background: Effective medical management of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has reduced the incidence of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) as a complication, but the frequency of perforation, especially in the elderly, remains unchanged and is in fact on the increase. There is a changing trend in emergency surgery for perforated duodenal ulcer (PDU) from definitive antiulcer surgery to simple closure followed by Helicobacter pylori eradication.Aims/Objective: To present our experience in managing PUD with simple closure followed by Helicobacter pylori eradication.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study where hospital records of 55 patients managed for PUD over a 9 year period (Jan. 1999-Dec. 2007) were obtained from ward admission register, theatre operation registers and patient’s case files from the medical records department. The patient’s biodata, clinical and operative findings and treatment outcome were extracted and analysed.Results: There were 55 patients; 44 males and 11 females (M:F=4:1). Their ages ranged between 18 and 65 years with a mean +/-SD of 39.9 +/-13.5 years. Most of the patients (34; 61.8%) were below 40 years of age and the majority (39; 71.0%) had a history suggestive of chronic peptic ulcer disease. Twenty-six (47.3%) of the patients presented within 24 hours of perforation, while 9 (16.4%) presented more than 72 hours afterwards. The latter group accounted for most (5; 55.6%) of the mortality. All the perforations were anterior pyloroduodenal and all except one had simple closure with omental patch followed by a course of a proton pump inhibitor and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.Conclusion: Simple closure with omental patch followed by Helicobacter pylori eradication was effective with low morbidity and mortality despite patients’ late presentation in our center.
Young People and Staff Perspectives on Offender Rehabilitation

• Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognize the author's right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. • You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from their thesis.
A Practical Guide to Cooperative Learning

This guide describes five types of student team cooperative learning activities: (1) Student Teams-Achievement Divisions; (2) Teams-Games-Tournament; (3) Jigsaw; (4) Team Accelerated Instruction; and (5) Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition. In Part 1, each technique is described in detail. A review of research finds positive outcomes in the areas of student achievement, integration, mainstreaming, and self-esteem. A practical guide for teachers covers ways to choose a method, assign students to teams, and prepare materials. The recognition of team accomplishments and individual achievement is discussed. Also provided in Part 1 are samples of materials, such as team summary sheets, game score sheets, tournament table assignment sheets,. and final team products. Appended to Part 1 are related materials for the teacher's use. Part 2 includes views and research in the area of student team and cooperative learning. The issue of whether cooperative learning will be used in the future is discussed. Other issues considered include cooperative learning and the gifted child, tracking, and several cooperative learning models for particular subjects and grade levels. A synthesis of research on cooperative learning is provided. Appended are 97 references and 79 addittonal resources. (GLR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
HUBUNGAN BESARAN UANG SAKU DENGAN PEMILIHAN JAJANAN SEHAT

Survei oleh BPOM tahun 2004 di sekolah dasar di seluruh Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa 60% jajanan anak sekolah tidak memenuhi standar mutu dan keamanan, 56% sampel mengandung rhodamin dan 33% mengandung boraks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi adakah hubungan antara besaran uang saku dengan pemilihan jajanan sehat. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Analisis data menggunakan chi square. Hasil pv = 0,000 < α (0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik antara besaran uang saku terhadap perilaku dalam memilih makanan jajanan. Analisis keeratan hubungan dua variabel didapatkan nilai OR = 18,525 pada CI (5,336 – 64,314). Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa siswa yang memiliki besaran uang saku dalam kategori rendah berpeluang sebesar 18,525 kali untuk memiliki perilaku dalam memilih makanan jajanan yang sehat dibandingkan siswa yang memiliki besaran uang saku dalam kategori tinggi.
Security and Usability: Designing Secure Systems that People Can Use

Human factors and usability issues have traditionally played a limited role in security research and secure systems development. Security experts have largely ignored usability issues--both because they often failed to recognize the importance of human factors and because they lacked the expertise to address them. But there is a growing recognition that today's security problems can be solved only by addressing issues of usability and human factors. Increasingly, well-publicized security breaches are attributed to human errors that might have been prevented through more usable software. Indeed, the world's future cyber-security depends upon the deployment of security technology that can be broadly used by untrained computer users. Still, many people believe there is an inherent tradeoff between computer security and usability. It's true that a computer without passwords is usable, but not very secure. A computer that makes you authenticate every five minutes with a password and a fresh drop of blood might be very secure, but nobody would use it. Clearly, people need computers, and if they can't use one that's secure, they'll use one that isn't. Unfortunately, unsecured systems aren't usable for long, either. They get hacked, compromised, and otherwise rendered useless. There is increasing agreement that we need to design secure systems that people can actually use, but less agreement about how to reach this goal. Security & Usability is the first book-length work describing the current state of the art in this emerging field. Edited by security experts Dr. Lorrie Faith Cranor and Dr. Simson Garfinkel, and authored by cutting-edge security and human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers world-wide, this volume is expected to become both a classic reference and an inspiration for future research. Security & Usability groups 34 essays into six parts: Realigning Usability and Security---with careful attention to user-centered design principles, security and usability can be synergistic. Authentication Mechanisms-- techniques for identifying and authenticating computer users. Secure Systems--how system software can deliver or destroy a secure user experience. Privacy and Anonymity Systems--methods for allowing people to control the release of personal information. Commercializing Usability: The Vendor Perspective--specific experiences of security and software vendors (e.g., IBM, Microsoft, Lotus, Firefox, and Zone Labs) in addressing usability. The Classics--groundbreaking papers that sparked the field of security and usability. This book is expected to start an avalanche of discussion, new ideas, and further advances in this important field.
Amelioration of Aflatoxicosis in Coloured Broiler Chickens by Dietary Butylated Hydroxytoluene

The effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on aflatoxicosis in coloured broiler chickens was investigated at two levels (1000 and 2000 ppm) in diet containing 1.0 ppm total aflatoxin (AF: 76.45% AFB1, 10.52% AFB2, 9.89% AFG1 and 3.14% AFG2). A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were divided into six treatment groups (T1 control, T2 1.0 ppm AF, T3 1000 ppm BHT, T4 2000 ppm BHT, T5 1.0 ppm AF+1000 ppm BHT, and T6 1.0 ppm AF+2000 ppm BHT). Each diet was fed to four replicated groups of 8 birds each from day 1 to 42 days of age. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in BW gain was recorded in T2, T5 and T6 as compared to control, and the depression in BW gain was evident from 2nd week of age. There was significant (P<0.05) improvement of BW gain on supplementation of BHT in diet with AF. Feed consumption in T2 was significantly (P<0.05) less compared to T1, whereas it improved partially in T5 and T6. Aflatoxin treatment also deteriorated the feed efficiency, however, significant (P<0.05) improvement in feed efficiency was observed in T5 and T6. The serum protein concentration in T2 was the lowest as compared to other treatment groups. Cholesterol content in T1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T2 and comparable to other dietary treatments. Uric acid content did not differ significantly (P<0.05) among various treatment groups. The BHT treatment significantly (P<0.05) improved the serum and cholesterol concentration over AF treatment. The aspartateand alanine- aminotransferase activities in T1 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of T2 and remained almost comparable to T3, T4, T5 and T6. The results showed that BHT inclusion in the diet at 1000 and 2000 ppm provided moderate protection against the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis in terms of investigated parameters.
A Pilot Study About the Needs of Older Gays and Lesbians

Abstract In a pilot study, a population of gay and lesbian elders were surveyed to determine what types of long term plans they have made in preparation for their old age, what types of information they feel service providers need to know to better meet their long-term needs, and what is their perception of aging. The results of this pilot study demonstrated that almost three-fourths of the total sample have started to make plans for growing old. The respondents reported that social workers needed to be more knowledgeable about gay lifestyles and the importance of their partners. It was also found that the views of aging became more positive as the gay and lesbian individuals grow older.
Clustering in an object-oriented environment

This paper describes the incorporation of seven stand-alone clustering programs into S-PLUS, where they can now be used in a much more flexible way. The original Fortran programs carried out new cluster analysis algorithms introduced in the book of Kaufman and Rousseeuw (1990). These clustering methods were designed to be robust and to accept dissimilarity data as well as objects-by-variables data. Moreover, they each provide a graphical display and a quality index reflecting the strength of the clustering. The powerful graphics of S-PLUS made it possible to improve these graphical representations considerably. The integration of the clustering algorithms was performed according to the object-oriented principle supported by S-PLUS. The new functions have a uniform interface, and are compatible with existing S-PLUS functions. We will describe the basic idea and the use of each clustering method, together with its graphical features. Each function is briefly illustrated with an example.
Deep Neural Networks for Large Vocabulary Handwritten Text Recognition

The automatic transcription of text in handwritten documents has many applications, from automatic document processing, to indexing and document understanding. One of the most popular approaches nowadays consists in scanning the text line image with a sliding window, from which features are extracted, and modeled by Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Associated with neural networks, such as Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) or Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM-RNNs), and with a language model, these models yield good transcriptions. On the other hand, in many machine learning applications, including speech recognition and computer vision, deep neural networks consisting of several hidden layers recently produced a significant reduction of error rates. In this thesis, we have conducted a thorough study of different aspects of optical models based on deep neural networks in the hybrid neural network / HMM scheme, in order to better understand and evaluate their relative importance. First, we show that deep neural networks produce consistent and significant improvements over networks with one or two hidden layers, independently of the kind of neural network, MLP or RNN, and of input, handcrafted features or pixels. Then, we show that deep neural networks with pixel inputs compete with those using handcrafted features, and that depth plays an important role in the reduction of the performance gap between the two kinds of inputs, supporting the idea that deep neural networks effectively build hierarchical and relevant representations of their inputs, and that features are automatically learnt on the way. Despite the dominance of LSTM-RNNs in the recent literature of handwriting recognition, we show that deep MLPs achieve comparable results. Moreover, we evaluated different training criteria. With sequence-discriminative training, we report similar improvements for MLP/HMMs as those observed in speech recognition. We also show how the Connectionist Temporal Classification framework is especially suited to RNNs. Finally, the novel dropout technique to regularize neural networks was recently applied to LSTM-RNNs. We tested its effect at different positions in LSTM-RNNs, thus extending previous works, and we show that its relative position to the recurrent connections is important. We conducted the experiments on three public databases, representing two languages (English and French) and two epochs, using different kinds of neural network inputs: handcrafted features and pixels. We validated our approach by taking part to the HTRtS contest in 2014. The results of the final systems presented in this thesis, namely MLPs and RNNs, with handcrafted feature or pixel inputs, are comparable to the state-of-the-art on Rimes and IAM. Moreover, the combination of these systems outperformed all published results on the considered databases.
Cellular Effects Following Exposure to Wireless DECT Base Radiation and Presentation of a Device for Their Compensation

Background: Wireless telecommunication sources working with frequencies ranging from 0.9 to 2.5 GHz are still increasing rapidly. Among these are digitally enhanced cordless telecommunication (DECT) phones which have been considered to emit only a weak radiation when an active DECT base and handset are separated from each other. Aim of the Study: Prompted by this background this study investigated the cellular effects of DECT base radiation and its possible compensation by a specially designed device, named memonizerCOMBI Standard A. Materials and Methods: Connective tissue fibroblasts (L-929) were exposed to the radiation of an Original Research Article Dartsch and Dochow; JOCAMR, 3(2): 1-9, 2017; Article no.JOCAMR. 33849 2 active commercially available DECT base with a frequency of 1.885 GHz for 24 hours ± memonizer COMBI beneath the incubator. Unexposed cells in another incubator placed with a distance of about 10 m in the same laboratory rooms served as corresponding controls. Cell vitality was checked by enzymatic measurement of the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases by XTT. Results: The results clearly demonstrate that exposure to DECT base radiation caused a significantly reduced cell vitality by 47.6 ± 7.4% (mean value ± standard deviation; P = .01; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). Reduction in cell vitality was accompanied by marked morphological changes in the cells such as intracellular vacuolization, rounding and detachment which are similar to alterations observed during oxidative stress by the presence of reactive oxygen species. Reduction in cell vitality after DECT base radiation exposure was compensated by use of memonizerCOMBI by two-thirds yielding a reduction in cell vitality by only 17.5 ± 8.1% (mean value ± standard deviation; P = .01 vs. exposed cells without memonizer; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). Conclusions: The results indicate that exposure of cultured connective tissue cells to DECT base radiation at a frequency of 1.885 GHz causes a significantly reduced cell vitality which can be extensively compensated by using a memonizerCOMBI device.
Prevalence of tuberculosis in Calabar, Nigeria: A case study of patients attending the outpatients Department of Dr. Lawrence Henshaw Memorial Hospital, Calabar

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), though a curable infectious disease, remains one of the leading causes of death in adults. It is also a major public health concern in Nigeria. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence rate of tuberculosis among patients attending the out-patient Department of Dr. Lawrence Henshaw Memorial Hospital Calabar. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out consisting of all documented cases of tuberculosis from January 2005 to April 2015. Results: Out of 20185 patients tested, a total of 5,004 cases of tuberculosis was recorded within the period of this study with a prevalence rate of 24.8%. The prevalence for each year during this study were as follows: 2005 (37.5%), 2006 (30.9%), 2007 (26.2%), 2008 (23.1%), 2009 (23.0%), 2010 (20.5%), 2011 (16.6%), 2012 (20.5%), 2013 (22.9%), 2014 (21.8%) and 2015 (44.6%). HIV co-infection was more prevalence in males than females, while majority of the disease site was pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The highest mortality was recorded in 2012 (18.2%). Within the ethnic groups assessed, the prevalence was higher among the Efiks. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB/ HIV co-infection and subsequent mortality within the years under study is traumatizing and thus requires prompt measures in combating the situation.
Robust and Efficient 3D Recognition by Alignment

Alignment is a prevalent approach for recognizing 3D objects in 2D images. A major problem with current implementations is how to robustly handle errors that propagate from uncertainties in the locations of image features. This thesis gives a technique for bounding these errors. The technique makes use of a new solution to the problem of recovering 3D pose from three matching point pairs under weak-perspective projection. Furthermore, the error bounds are used to demonstrate that using line segments for features instead of points significantly reduces the false positive rate, to the extent that alignment can remain reliable even in cluttered scenes.