Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malignant Mesothelioma—A Connective Tissue Tumor with Proteoglycan-Dependent Differentiation

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a connective tissue tumor with partial epithelioid differentiation. The pattern of proteoglycan (PG) expression by epithelioid and fibroblast-like (sarcomatoid) MM cells differ; cell surface PGs being more abundant in the former phenotype and matrix PGs in the latter. The differentiation as well as much of the malignant nature of these tumors is dependent on the expression of surface PGs. The syndecans, however, also translocate to the nucleus for an as yet unknown function.
Particle-in-Cell Simulation and Optimization of Multigap Extended Output Cavity for a W-Band Sheet-Beam EIK

In this paper, a multigap extended output cavity was designed by 3-D simulations, which served as the output cavity for a W-band sheet-beam extended interaction klystron (SBEIK). In our numerical design, the circuit dimensions were systematically optimized by parametric finite-difference time-domain simulations, and the equivalent circuit for the output cavity was also analyzed. The proper external loading was selected by using a region of loss in 3-D, and the output power was optimized. The results were verified by using the coupler and the waveguide. The 2π mode of the optimized five-gap extended output cavities had an ohmic Q (Q0) of 1343.5, an external Q (Qe) of 501.6, and a loaded Q (QL) of 365.2 at 94.5 GHz. The 3-D particle-in-cell simulations predict that the output cavity of the SBEIK (75 kV and 4 A) can stably produce more than 50 kW of output power using a prebunched beam.
- Title and Subtitle Effect of Cardiac Phases and Conductivity Inhomogeneities of the Thorax Models on ECG Lead Selection and Reconstruction Contract Number Grant Number Program Element Number

ECG lead selection and reconstruction were investigated in the present study using ECG source-to-measurement transfer matrices computed in inhomogeneous and homogeneous conductor thorax-heart models, which represent endsystolic and end-diastolic cardiac phases. ECG leads were selected from a set of 120 leads for body surface potential mapping. The transfer matrices of the 120-lead system were reconstructed from a transfer matrix of selected leads. Effects of changing the cardiac phase and the conductivities on reconstruction performance are reported here. The number of selected leads well matched to the results of earlier works conducted by other researchers.
Solvent effects on the stability of A7U7p.

The thermodynamics of double-helix formation were measured spectrophotometrically for A7U7 in water at 1 M NaCl and for A7U7p in a variety of solvent mixtures and salt. Comparison of the A7U7 results with calorimetric measurements indicates duplex formation involves intermediate states. For A7U7p between 0.06 and 0.55 M Na+, dTm/d(log [Na+]) = 17.4 degrees C, similar to the value of 19.6 degrees C for poly-(A). poly(U) [Krakauer, H. , & Sturtevant, J. M. (1968) Biopolymers 6, 491-512]. At 1 M NaCl, the A7U7p duplex is most stable in 100% water. For 10 mol % solutions, the order for A7U7p duplex stability is ethylene glycol greater than glycerol greater than ethanol greater than 2-propanol greater than dimethyl sulfoxide greater than 1-propanol greater than formamide greater than N,N-dimethylformamide greater than urea greater than dioxane. Comparison of changes in stability and thermodynamic parameters with literature results for proteins suggests proteins and A7U7p interact differently with solvent. The results suggest hydrophobic bonding is not a major contributor to the stability of the A7U7p duplex. Comparisons with bulk solvent surface tension suggest the energy of cavity formation is also not a major contributor to duplex stability.
Effective Method of Microcapsules Production for Smart Fabrics

Nowadays, the attempts in the textile and clothing industry have moved towards more innovative and high quality products in order to differentiate themselves and be more competitive. The new demand for innovative textiles is increasingly oriented to match material innovation, new technologies and fashion. The new products are not only different for their lines, patterns and volumes but also for what they can do. Recently, microcapsules have been applied to many functional and technical textiles. Examples of this include fragrances, aromatic deodorants, cosmetics, insect repellents, antibiotics, polychromic, drug delivery for medical textiles and thermo-regulating systems. This kind of fabrics, that introduces new functionalities without affecting the look and feel of the textile, is commonly denominated as smart textiles. Microencapsulated phase change materials (PCM) can be incorporated into textile structures to produce fabrics of enhanced thermal properties. A thermo-regulating fabric is an intelligent textile that has the property of offering suitable response to changes in external temperature changes or to external and environmental stimuli. The level of thermal comfort depends on the heat exchange between the human body and the environment that surrounds it. Microcapsule production may be achieved by means of physical and chemical techniques. The use of some techniques has been limited to the high cost of processing, regulatory affairs, and the use of organic solvents, which are concern for health and the environment. In this way, a method based on a suspension like polymerization process for the encapsulation of phase change materials has been selected. This PCM encapsulation method is simply, inexpensive and technically easy. Suspension like polymerization involves the dispersion of the monomer or monomers, mainly as a liquid in small droplets, into an agitated stabilizing medium consisting of water containing small amounts of suspension agents and without using aqueous phase inhibitors of secondary nucleation or modifiers. The initiator is dissolved in the monomer-PCM mixture and PCM material does not take part on the polymerization kinetic. In the proper conditions the polymer reacts mainly in the interface of the drop forming a shell around the PCM core since this interface is the only locus of polymerization. However, not all the recipes and conditions for suspension polymerization favour the formation of the polymer at the PCM/water interface all around the drop as desired and microparticles without complete phase separation into capsules are obtained.
The Impact of Relative Cohort Size on U.S. Fertility, 1913-2001

This paper tests for the long-term and short-term relationships between fertility and relative cohort size for the United States using the annual time series data between 1913 and 2001. An error correction model, imbedded with the cointegration theory, is coupled with the general impulse response function. Empirical evidence on relationships is found lending support to the Easterlin hypothesis in that the change in relative cohort size is an important explanatory variable to include in studies of human fertility both in the short run and in the long-run for the United States. In addition, our results support the catching-up hypothesis and that the child tax deduction has been an important policy variable influencing births.
Liver transplantation in the human immunodeficiency virus–hepatitis C virus coinfected patient: Time to sum up

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a controversial indication for liver transplantation (LT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)– infected patients because of reportedly poor outcomes. This prospective, multicenter US cohort study compared patient and graft survival for 89 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients and 2 control groups: 235 HCV-monoinfected LT controls and all US transplant recipients who were 65 years old or older. The 3year patient and graft survival rates were 60% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1⁄4 47%-71%] and 53% (95% CI 1⁄4 40%-64%) for the HCV/HIV patients and 79% (95% CI 1⁄4 72%-84%) and 74% (95% CI 1⁄4 66%-79%) for the HCV-infected recipients (P < 0.001 for both), and HIV infection was the only factor significantly associated with reduced patient and graft survival. Among the HCV/HIV patients, older donor age [hazard ratio (HR) 1⁄4 1.3 per decade], combined kidney-liver transplantation (HR 1⁄4 3.8), an anti-HCV–positive donor (HR 1⁄4 2.5), and a body mass index <21 kg/m (HR 1⁄4 3.2) were independent predictors of graft loss. For the patients without the last 3 factors, the patient and graft survival rates were similar to those for US LT recipients. The 3-year incidence of treated acute rejection was 1.6-fold higher for the HCV/HIV patients versus the HCV patients (39% versus 24%, log rank P 1⁄4 0.02), but the cumulative rates of severe HCV disease at 3 years were not significantly different (29% versus 23%, P 1⁄4 0.21). In conclusion, patient and graft survival rates are lower for HCV/HIVcoinfected LT patients versus HCV-monoinfected LT patients. Importantly, the rates of treated acute rejection (but not the rates of HCV disease severity) are significantly higher for HCV/ HIV-coinfected recipients versus HCV-infected recipients. Our results indicate that HCV per se is not a contraindication to LT in HIV patients, but recipient and donor selection and the management of acute rejection strongly influence outcomes.
Developing an in vitro Method for Determining Feed Soluble Protein Degradation Rate by Mixed Ruminal Microorganisms

The objective of this work was to describe a novel in vitro system based on the subtraction of ammonia pools obtained with and without rumen fluid inoculum to determine the soluble protein fraction of feeds and their degradability, with adjustments for microbial contributions and bacterial contamination. Four corn-milling coproducts were used in this study as random factors. The feeds (Fd) were dried distillers grain (DDG), one high protein (HP-DDG), one containing added solubles (BPX-DDGS), and the corn coproducts BRAN and GERM, concentrated corn kernel components derived during the processing of HP-DDG. Three treatments were investigated: Fd was fermented in vitro with rumen fluid (Rf) and buffered media (Md) (TRT1) or with Md alone (TRT2). Two controls were used without the inclusion of feed: Rf + Md (C1) and Md alone (C2). The third treatment (TRT3) was calculated as TRT1 – (TRT2 – C2) – (C1 – C2) – C2 to account for bacteria protein contamination. Feeds were incubated in duplicates for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and subsamples of TRT1, TRT2, C1, and C2 were taken to determine ammonia and bacterial protein determination. The fractional rate of disappearance of soluble protein for BPX-DDGS (0.06 h-1) was less than half of HP-DDG (0.13 h-1), BRAN (0.13 h-1), and GERM (0.15 h-1). These results suggest that this method may be used to determine the degradability of the soluble protein fraction of ruminant feeds.
A systematic review of training in acute obstetric emergencies

Sir, Black et al. is too pessimistic about training in acute obstetric emergencies. The Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) course significantly increases provider confidence and the improvement is maintained over time. Nor do Black et al. discuss the positive benefits demonstrated by non-obstetric courses. A systematic review of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) included three studies and concluded that their use had resulted in a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity, with an overall odds ratio of 0.28 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.37). Black et al. conclude that well conducted research into training programmes effectiveness is needed but fail to mention the complexities of mounting randomised controlled trials of educational interventions. A cluster randomised trial design would be needed, leading to the difficulty of an inflated sample size, necessary in this type of trial to correct for the reduction in statistical power when compared with individual patient randomised controlled trials. Furthermore, significant obstetric emergencies occur infrequently and substantive poor maternal and neonatal outcomes are rare. Consequently, to power such a trial adequately would require a very large sample size indeed. National training courses are criticised because they do not involve the clinical teams that are involved in women’s care. However, many skills taught by these courses are ‘individualspecific’—for example, the safe application of forceps, breech vaginal delivery and the interpretation of cardiotocographs. For skills involving a team approach, such as management of major postpartum haemorrhage and shoulder dystocia, instructors challenge candidates during practical workstations to think about their local circumstances with particular relevance to team roles. Roleplaying during simulated scenarios reinforces this team approach. Both ALSO and MOET endeavour to promote multidisciplinary working practices with midwives, obstetricians and anaesthetists training side by side. We believe that hands-on training in obstetric skills and emergencies by either nationally run or well organised local courses, should be promoted. They afford the opportunity for obstetricians, midwives and anaesthetists to learn together, share experience and to appreciate the importance of working as a co-ordinated, multidisciplinary team.
A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a new Simplified Acute Physiology Score, the SAPS II, from a large sample of surgical and medical patients, and to provide a method to convert the score to a probability of hospital mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING The SAPS II and the probability of hospital mortality were developed and validated using data from consecutive admissions to 137 adult medical and/or surgical intensive care units in 12 countries. PATIENTS The 13,152 patients were randomly divided into developmental (65%) and validation (35%) samples. Patients younger than 18 years, burn patients, coronary care patients, and cardiac surgery patients were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURE Vital status at hospital discharge. RESULTS The SAPS II includes only 17 variables: 12 physiology variables, age, type of admission (scheduled surgical, unscheduled surgical, or medical), and three underlying disease variables (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, metastatic cancer, and hematologic malignancy). Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that the model performed well in the developmental sample and validated well in an independent sample of patients (P = .883 and P = .104 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88 in the developmental sample and 0.86 in the validation sample. CONCLUSION The SAPS II, based on a large international sample of patients, provides an estimate of the risk of death without having to specify a primary diagnosis. This is a starting point for future evaluation of the efficiency of intensive care units.
Calling All Pain Patients: Telehealth Has Arrived

McGeary et al. provide an important review on the current state of telehealth for pain management. As the number and quality of pain telehealth studies is limited, the authors also extrapolate from what is known about telehealth for other medical disorders and suggest future directions for pain telehealth. Their review covers a number of practical issues, including a description of telecare delivery options (store-and-forward, hub-and-spoke, consultation, home-based models), consideration of crucial cost and reimbursement issues, and recommendations for improving the methodological rigor of pain telehealth research. The review would have been strengthened by a brief description of the specific search terms used in identifying potential articles, the number of initial articles identified, and the strategy for screening out articles (eg, title and abstract review). This is important in that my relatively rapid nonsystematic search revealed some additional articles that were not included in the current review. One of the omitted studies was a large randomized trial of telecare management for pain and/or depression in 405 patients enrolled from 16 community-based oncology practices that showed superior outcomes for the telecare group compared with usual care. Other studies not referenced in this review include videoconferencing for delivering mindfulnessbased meditation for chronic pain and for the management of chronic pain in veterans; a telemedicine exercise–based program for older adults with knee pain; a myofeedback-based teletreatment service in patients with nonspecific neck and shoulder pain; and a military telemedicine pain clinic. These additional studies further support the authors’ conclusions regarding the growing potential of telehealth for pain management. Of greater concern, the authors evince a specialty bias toward the management of chronic pain. Citing a few relatively old studies from the early 1990s, they question the interest and competence of primary care clinicians to effectively manage pain. The emphasis in the past decade on assessing pain as the 5th vital sign and efforts to increase physician knowledge and skills in pain management has increased at least the profile of pain in primary care. More importantly, the epidemiology of pain is such that primary care must have a central role. Pain exceeds the prevalence of other common conditions treated predominantly in primary care, such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and arthritis. Pain complaints account for more than 40% of all symptom-related outpatient visits, or over 100 million ambulatory encounters visits in the Unites States each year. The authors note the problem of wait time for patients referred to pain clinics which could be addressed by improved pain management in primary care that is coupled with the appropriate referral of Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kurt Kroenke, MD, Regenstrief Institute, 5th Floor, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202, U.S.A. E-mail: kkroenke@regenstrief.org. Disclosures: There are no conflicts of interest to declare. DOI. 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012. 00588.x
The Relations between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Headaches in a Non-Clinical Sample of Adolescents

Introduction: Stress is considered to be a major trigger for aggravation of headaches. In a previous study we demonstrated a high prevalence of ADHD among patients who were referred to a pediatric neurology clinic due to headaches. In the present study we examined whether this is true for a non-clinical population of adolescents. Aims: To assess the prevalence of primary headaches among high-school students and to study their relations to ADHD. Methods: Tenth grade highschool students in Haifa, Israel, anonymously filled a computerized questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about demographics, presence of headaches and their characteristics, and a previous diagnosis of ADHD. Results: Out of 310 questionnaires, 230 students (81%) reported experiencing headaches (88% of the girls and 76% of the boys, p=0.08), 110 of them (48%) elaborated on the characteristics of their headaches: 50% matched migraine, 26% Tension Type Headache, and in 24% the data did not suffice for making a clear diagnosis of the headache type. Of the students who reported having headaches, 27% had a diagnosis of ADHD in comparison to 23% in those who did not report having headaches. Overall, no difference was found in ADHD prevalence between students who suffered from headache and those who didn’t. Conclusions: Our work indicates that ADHD is not a risk factor for headache among a non clinical sample of highschool students. Further research is needed.
The Role of Selective Attention in Driving and Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

This paper examines the relationship between cognitive processes and driving in aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Several studies that have explored the relationship between neuropsychological test performance and various indicators of driving safety are reviewed. It is argued that deficits in selective attention are specific to impaired driving performance in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Results from a recent study supporting this notion are presented. It is suggested that screening measures that emphasize the ability to selectively attend to relevant information and inhibit irrelevant information should be used to identify mildly demented individuals who are at risk for unsafe driving.
Diagnostic performance enhancement of pancreatic cancer using proteomic multimarker panel

Due to its high mortality rate and asymptomatic nature, early detection rates of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain poor. We measured 1000 biomarker candidates in 134 clinical plasma samples by multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS). Differentially abundant proteins were assembled into a multimarker panel from a training set (n=684) and validated in independent set (n=318) from five centers. The level of panel proteins was also confirmed by immunoassays. The panel including leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG1), transthyretin (TTR), and CA19-9 had a sensitivity of 82.5% and a specificity of 92.1%. The triple-marker panel exceeded the diagnostic performance of CA19-9 by more than 10% (AUCCA19-9 = 0.826, AUCpanel= 0.931, P < 0.01) in all PDAC samples and by more than 30% (AUCCA19-9 = 0.520, AUCpanel = 0.830, P < 0.001) in patients with normal range of CA19-9 (<37U/mL). Further, it differentiated PDAC from benign pancreatic disease (AUCCA19-9 = 0.812, AUCpanel = 0.892, P < 0.01) and other cancers (AUCCA19-9 = 0.796, AUCpanel = 0.899, P < 0.001). Overall, the multimarker panel that we have developed and validated in large-scale samples by MRM-MS and immunoassay has clinical applicability in the early detection of PDAC.
Role of disease‐causing genes in sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors: MEN1 andVHL

Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) occur in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) syndromes caused by germline alterations in MEN1 and VHL, respectively. It is thus expected that these genes will also be altered in a proportion of sporadic PETs. Indeed, MEN1 is altered in about 25% of nonfamilial PETs, although no mutations have been found in VHL. For all clinical subtypes, the frequency of allelic loss on chromosome arm 11q mirrors observed mutational frequencies, with the exception of nonfunctional tumors (NF‐PETs), in which mutations have been reported in only 8% of cases. As allelic loss on 11q is the most frequent event found in these neoplasms, this low frequency is somewhat puzzling, particularly in light of the fact that most MEN1‐associated PETs are nonfunctioning. To clarify the role of these genes in sporadic PETs, we analyzed 31 sporadic NF‐PETs, nine insulinomas, and one VIPoma for alterations in MEN1 and VHL. As somatic mutations were observed in eight (26%) of the NF tumors and in one insulinoma, it would therefore appear unlikely that an additional tumor suppressor gene related to sporadic PET pathogenesis is located on 11q. One insulinoma also had a somatic mutation in VHL, and thus this gene may also be altered in these neoplasms, albeit in a small proportion of cases. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.