Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep deprivation increases blood pressure in healthy normotensive elderly and attenuates the blood pressure response to orthostatic challenge.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine how aging affects the impact of sleep deprivation on blood pressure at rest and under orthostatic challenge. DESIGN Subjects underwent a night of sleep and 24.5 h of sleep deprivation in a crossover counterbalanced design. SETTING Sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen healthy normotensive men and women: 8 young adults (mean 24 years [SD 3.1], range 20-28 years) and 8 elderly adults (mean 64.1 years [SD 3.4], range 60-69 years). INTERVENTIONS Sleep deprivation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Brachial cuff arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured in semi-recumbent and upright positions. These measurements were compared across homeostatic sleep pressure conditions and age groups. Sleep deprivation induced a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly but not young adults. Moreover, sleep deprivation attenuated the systolic blood pressure orthostatic response in both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that sleep deprivation alters the regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure and might increase the risk of hypertension in healthy normotensive elderly.
From Usability Testing and Text Analysis to User-Response Criticism

Studies on user experience in the digital medium are often related to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and the construction of user models or the performance of usability tests in order to support design and evaluation of digital artefacts. User modelling research has mainly focused on the construction of “usable” and “useful” tools providing the users with “experiences fitting their specific background knowledge and objectives” (Fischer, 2001: 65). A variety of characteristics have been used to inform such models, from demographic information (age, gender, native language) or relevant experience (novice, advanced, expert), to interests, goals and plans (general interest categories, task-related objectives/sequences of actions) or contextual information (location, time, physical environment) (Sosnovsky and Dicheva, 2010: 3334). Many of the approaches merge cognitive science and artificial intelligence (Webb et al., 2001; Biswas and Robinson, 2010; Mohamad and Kouroupetroglou, 2013), whilst usability testing, as a technique from user-centred design, often involves the iterative refinement of a prototype based on user’s feedback (Massanari, 2010). Usability studies also evaluate how a tool is actually used (Brown and Hocutt, 2015) exploring constructs such as ease of use and learnability. Other researches, from the fields of philosophy of technology or digital hermeneutics, go beyond the usefulness and usability aspects of the technology, trying to address questions related to the “human, social, cultural, ethical, and political implications of those technologies” (Fallman, 2007: 296) or to the “self-interpretation of human beings” (Capurro, 2010: 10) in the light of the code. Further directions of study propose a re-orientation of the HCI as “an aesthetic field” (Bertelsen and Pold, 2004: 23) or a cultural perspective on the “reflexive relationship between user and medium” as a “remediation” of the self (Bolter and Grusin, 2000: 230), considered as “humanistic HCI” (Bardzell and Bardzell, 2016). This article tries to bridge the fields of HCI and Digital Humanities (DH), where HCI techniques are used to evaluate tools developed in DH projects and the results of this evaluation are analysed via DH methods, with the intention of potential development inspired by the literary theory of aesthetic response (Iser, 1980). The paper elaborates on previous work (Armaselu and Jones, 2016) and presents two case studies of usability tests conducted within the framework of interface and game design for digital historical editions and digital cultural heritage (Section 2). Section 3 describes the type of analysis applied to users’ responses, whereby we propose a typology of users and interpretation of users’ experience, followed by conclusions and future work (Section 4).
The swarming and mating behaviour of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) from São Tomé Island.

The swarming and mating behaviours of the forest cytoform of Anopheles gambiae s.s. were investigated on 194 evenings and 14 mornings between April 1997 and November 1999 in a peri-urban area of the island of São Tomé, West Africa. Males swarmed 2-3 m above markers of horizontal contrast such as those formed between grass areas and footpaths, or bushes. Evening swarms started 2 min before sunset in sheltered sites and a minute or two later in exposed ones. It took approximately 5 mins from the arrival of the first male for the swarm to reach estimated maximum numbers. Mating pairs were first seen 7 min after the start of swarming. Maximum numbers of pairs in copula were observed 8 min later. Up to 270 pairings were seen in the 20 min period before darkness. Removal of males had no effect on the number of females arriving at the swarm. Males were attracted to sounds that approximated the female flight tone but not to filter paper samples of squashed virgin females swung through the swarm. A much-reduced amount of swarming and a single mating were recorded at dawn. The same locations for swarming were used at different times and at different heights by ants, Culicoides sp. and Culex quinquefasciatus.
Percutaneous absorption of 3 organic solvents in the guinea pig

The influence of injuries on the percutaneous absorption of 3 organic solvent's (butanol, toluene, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane) was studied in the guinea pig. Acute (stripping, sandpaper abrasion, needle abrasion, delipidization) and subacute (irritant and allergic contact dermatitis) injuries were induced by physical or chemical treatment of the skin. Absorption of solvents was quantified by blood analysis. Induction of acute injuries markedly altered the absorption pattern of the solvents and correlated to their water solubility, Absorption of toluene and trichloroethane was reduced and that of butanol was increased compared to normal untreated skin Subacute injures had a less pronounced effect. Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis reduced the absorption of toluene and trichloroethane, and no effect was seen for butanol. For hydrophobic solvents, it is concluded that in acute injuries strata other than stratum corneum hold the barrier properties.
An outbreak of pneumonia associated with S. pneumoniae at a military training facility in Finland in 2006

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a well‐known cause of community‐acquired bacterial pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to assess the cause and extent of the outbreak of pneumonia which occurred among military recruits following a 1‐week hard encampment in Finland. We also assessed the carriage rate and molecular characteristics of the S. pneumoniae isolates. All pneumococcal isolates were studied for antibiotic susceptibility, serotyped, genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the presence of pneumococcal rlrA pilus islet was detected. The genotype results defined by MLST corresponded with the serotype results. S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331, seemed to be associated with an outbreak of pneumonia and nasopharyngeal carriage among 43 military recruits. Of the 43 military recruits, five (12%) were hospitalized with pneumonia and two (40%) of them were positive for S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331 by blood culture. Eighteen (42%) of the 43 men were found to be positive for S. pneumoniae by nasopharyngeal culture, and nine (50%) of them carried pneumococcal serotype 7F, ST2331. The outbreak strain covered 55% of all the pneumococcal findings. Outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease seem to occur in a crowded environment such as a military training facility even among previously healthy young men.
Chemo-Genetic Interactions Between Histone Modification and the Antiproliferation Drug AICAR Are Conserved in Yeast and Humans

Identifying synthetic lethal interactions has emerged as a promising new therapeutic approach aimed at targeting cancer cells directly. Here, we used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a simple eukaryotic model to screen for mutations resulting in a synthetic lethality with 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment. Indeed, AICAR has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines. Here, we found that loss of several histone-modifying enzymes, including Bre1 (histone H2B ubiquitination) and Set1 (histone H3 lysine 4 methylation), greatly enhanced AICAR inhibition on growth via the combined effects of both the drug and mutations on G1 cyclins. Our results point to AICAR impacting on Cln3 subcellular localization and at the Cln1 protein level, while the bre1 or set1 deletion affected CLN1 and CLN2 expression. As a consequence, AICAR and bre1/set1 deletions jointly affected all three G1 cyclins (Cln1, Cln2, and Cln3), leading to a condition known to result in synthetic lethality. Significantly, these chemo-genetic synthetic interactions were conserved in human HCT116 cells. Indeed, knock-down of RNF40, ASH2L, and KMT2D/MLL2 induced a highly significant increase in AICAR sensitivity. Given that KMT2D/MLL2 is mutated at high frequency in a variety of cancers, this synthetic lethal interaction has an interesting therapeutic potential.
Inhibition of the FACT Complex Reduces Transcription from the Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate Early Promoter in Models of Lytic and Latent Replication

ABSTRACT The successful colonization of the majority of the population by human cytomegalovirus is a direct result of the virus's ability to establish and, more specifically, reactivate from latency. The underlying cellular factors involved in viral reactivation remain unknown. Here, we show that the host complex facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) binds to the major immediate early promoter (MIEP) and that inhibition of this complex reduces MIEP transactivation, thus inhibiting viral reactivation.
Chloride transport and the action of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium in asthma

Activation and degranulation ofcells such as mast cells and eosinophils has long been associated with the buildup of inflammation in the asthmatic airways. Mediator secretion appears to be dependent on the synergistic action of an increase in intracellular calcium and a GTP-stimulated event. Secretagogue-induced increases in intracellular calcium occur in two stages. An initial rise mediated by inositol trisphosphate (IP3) through the release of calcium from intracellular stores and a secondary influx of extracellular calcium results in a sustained elevation of calcium [1]. The latter event which lasts for several minutes is likely to be mediated through a highly calcium-specific channel described by Penner, Matthews and Neher [2] which could be activated by intracellular application of IP3 and which required membrane hyperpolarization to support calcium influx. It was shown further that a small conductance chloride channel in rat peritoneal mast cells [3] activated by secretogogues and by intracellular application of cAMP and high [Câ "*"]j could provide the negative membrane potential or hyperpolarization necessary to maintain calcium influx through the mechanism described above and thus the sustained elevation leading to degranulation. (Following the initial IP3-induced increase in intracellular calcium, the cell interior will be relatively depolarized and would no longer favour calcium influx unless a negative charge was introduced inside the cell, which could be provided by an elevation of intracellular chloride ions). Hoth and Penner [4] have subsequently identified the calcium current which is activated by this mechanism and described it as ICRAC (calcium release-activated calcium) as it is likely to be responsible for the eventual refilling of depleted intracellular stores of calcium in addition to facilitating cell degranulation. A large conductance non-specific cation channel which can be activated by antigen or by compound 48/80 and regulated by GTP also allows divalent cations to enter the cell but is unlikely to produce suflicient calcium influx to influence degranulation [3]. It is well established that symptoms can be induced in
Structural and Biochemical Analyses of the Eukaryotic Heat Shock Locus V (HslV) from Trypanosoma brucei*

Background: A eukaryotic HslV (TbHslV) protease and two potential HslU (TbHslU1 and TbHslU2) ATPases have been isolated from Trypanosoma brucei. Results: We determined the crystal structure of TbHslV at 2.4 Å resolution. Only TbHslU2 activated TbHslV protease activity. Conclusion: A key tyrosine residue in TbHslU2 required for activating TbHslV was identified. Significance: This study lays the groundwork for understanding the eukaryotic HslVU system. In many bacteria, heat shock locus V (HslV) functions as a protease, which is activated by heat shock locus U (HslU). The primary sequence and structure of HslV are well conserved with those of the β-subunit of the 20 S proteasome core particle in eukaryotes. To date, the HslVU complex has only been characterized in the prokaryotic system. Recently, however, the coexistence of a 20 S proteasome with HslV protease in the same living organism has been reported. In Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite that causes human sleeping sickness in Africa, HslV is localized in the mitochondria, where it has a novel function in regulating mitochondrial DNA replication. Although the prokaryotic HslVU system has been studied extensively, little is known regarding its eukaryotic counterpart. Here, we report the biochemical characteristics of an HslVU complex from T. brucei. In contrast to the prokaryotic system, T. brucei possesses two potential HslU molecules, and we found that only one of them activates HslV. A key activating residue, Tyr494, was identified in HslU2 by biochemical and mutational studies. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report the crystal structure of a eukaryotic HslV, determined at 2.4 Å resolution. Drawing on our comparison of the biochemical and structural data, we discuss herein the differences and similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic HslVs.
Pediatric heart diseases in Madina, Saudi Arabia. Current status and future expectations.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the magnitude of pediatric heart disease problem in Madina, current situation of heart service, obstacles and future expectations. METHODS We conducted this cross sectional study in Madina Maternity and Children Hospital, Madina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 2007 to June 2008. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee. A computer based program was established to register the data of all children attended the pediatric cardiology unit. RESULTS A total of 4348 children were seen in the study period; 2301 were follow up cases while 2047 were new cases. Of the new cases, 794 (38.8%) were found to have heart diseases. Of this, 705 have CHD (cardiomyopathies 34, rheumatic heart disease 26, mitral valve prolapse 15, Kawasaki disease 9, and arrhythmia 5). Ventricular septal defect was the most common CHD (34.5%), and followed by atrial septal defect (8.9%). Other CHDs were as follows pulmonary stenosis (7.9%), patent ductus arteriosus (6%), atrioventricular septal defect (3.8%), aortic stenosis (3.5%), dextro-transposition of great arteries (3.5%), tetralogy of fallot (3%), coarctation of aorta (2.8%), and others (26%). Three hundred and ten patients required referral to the cardiac centers in Riyadh for catheterization or surgical intervention. Urgent referral was required in 128 patients. All patients were transferred via medical evacuation service. CONCLUSION Pediatric heart disease constitutes a major health problem in Madina. The majority of patients have CHD. The need for cardiac centre in Madina was emphasized to avoid problems of transportations.
Recall of Events by Preverbal Children a

The topic of this section is memory for temporal order. It sounds straightforward enough, but of course there are many kinds of memory: the ability to recognize and to recall, long-term and short-term memory, explicit and implicit or declarative and procedural memory, and so forth. Psychologists have been fairly clear about the distinctions among these different aspects of memory, but they have not always been as clear about which processes they believe to be involved in specific tasks, or whether a given task can be solved by more than one process. This situation creates problems for those of us interested in comparative psychology, in which we try to glean commonalities and differences across species and different stages of development. For this reason, I have divided this chapter into two rather different parts. In the first, I will distinguish recall of event sequences, which is the kind of memory I have been studying, from other kinds of memory for temporal order. Following that I will summarize some of the research that Pat Bauer, Laraine McDonough, and I have been conducting on early recall of events, how we study recall in children too young to talk about what they remember, and why we believe the task we use requires recall processes, in spite of the absence of verbal evidence.
Human CLEC18 Gene Cluster Contains C-type Lectins with Differential Glycan-binding Specificity*

Background: CLEC18 is a novel C-type lectin not being characterized. Results: The amino acid residue in the C-type lectin-like domain of CLEC18 contribute to the differential glycan-binding ability. Conclusion: CLEC18 members are expressed in immune and non-immune cells, and preferentially bind to fucoidan, β-glucan, and galactan. Significance: The biochemical features, tissue distribution, and the glycan-binding specificity suggest that CLEC18 may contribute to host immunity against pathogens. The human C-type lectin 18 (clec18) gene cluster, which contains three clec18a, clec18b, and clec18c loci, is located in human chromosome 16q22. Although the amino acid sequences of CLEC18A, CLEC18B, and CLEC18C are almost identical, several amino acid residues located in the C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) and the sperm-coating protein/Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7 (SCP/TAPS) domain, also known as the cysteine-rich secretory proteins/antigen 5/pathogenesis-related 1 proteins (CAP) domain, are distinct from each other. Genotyping by real-time PCR and sequencing further shows the presence of multiple alleles in clec18a/b/c loci. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrates that CLEC18 (CLEC18A, -B, and -C) are expressed abundantly in human peripheral blood cells. Moreover, CLEC18 expression is further up-regulated when monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells. Immunofluorescence staining reveals that CLEC18 are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and endosome. Interestingly, CLEC18 are also detectable in human sera and culture supernatants from primary cells and 293T cells overexpressing CLEC18. Moreover, CLEC18 bind polysaccharide in Ca2+-independent manner, and amino acid residues Ser/Arg339 and Asp/Asn421 in CTLD domain contribute to their differential binding abilities to polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (GLPS-F3). The Ser339 (CLEC18A) → Arg339 (CLEC18A-1) mutation completely abolishes CLEC18A-1 binding to GLPS-F3, and a sugar competition assay shows that CLEC18 preferentially binds to fucoidan, β-glucans, and galactans. Because proteins with the SCP/TAPS/CAP domain are able to bind sterol and acidic glycolipid, and are involved in sterol transport and β-amyloid aggregation, it would be interesting to investigate whether CLEC18 modulates host immunity via binding to glycolipids, and are also involved in glycolipid transportation and protein aggregation in the future.
Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Social Support: Cancer and Older Adults

Although cancer occurs throughout the life span, many of the most frequently occurring types of cancer increase as we grow older. In fact, only cardiovascular disease accounts for more deaths in adults 65 years of age and older. One of the ways that cancer patients cope or adapt to their illness is through socially supportive communicative interactions and relationships. Cutrona and Russell (1990) argued that social support is multidimensional and suggested that social support is most effective when the support needs of the individual are consistent with the type of social support being offered by the support provider. From the communicative perspective, the notion of optimal matching between the types of social support desired and the type of social support offered is extended to include the type of relationship between the communicants. In addition, it is argued that computer-mediated social support can be superior to face-to-face social support. This article attempts to identify some of the conditions under which this is true.
An in vitro attenuated strain of Histomonas meleagridis provides cross-protective immunity in turkeys against heterologous virulent isolates

ABSTRACT In the current study, cross-protective immunity induced by a well-defined clonal strain of Histomonas meleagridis, attenuated by prolonged in vitro cultivation against different clonal heterologous isolates of the same parasite was investigated. For this purpose, 86 turkey poults were assigned to groups consisting of 9–10 birds. Birds of four groups were vaccinated on their 1st day of life followed by re-vaccination on their 14th day of life when the remaining turkeys were left untreated. The challenge was performed using four strains of H. meleagridis that were isolated from chickens or turkeys from different outbreaks of histomonosis in Europe and three of them showed diversities in their genome. Hence, every strain used for the challenge was applied to a group of vaccinated and a group of non-vaccinated birds while birds of the negative control group were sham inoculated. Non-vaccinated birds suffered from severe histomonosis due to the challenge with fatalities reaching from 5 to 10 turkeys per group. Vaccinated birds did not contract clinical signs of the disease following challenge and the increase in weight was unaffected compared to birds of the negative control group. A significant difference in lesion scores was recorded between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, with very few instances of liver involvement in the former groups. Livers of vaccinated birds that were without recordable macroscopic lesions were also found negative by immunohistochemical investigation. According to the data obtained, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, the cross-protective capability of a tentative vaccine strain of H. meleagridis attenuated in vitro against heterologous virulent isolates of different origin.
Use of statins and prostate cancer recurrence among patients treated with radical prostatectomy

Statins have shown broad spectrum anti‐cancer properties in laboratory studies. In epidemiological studies, use of statins has been associated with reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer. However, the effects of statins on prostate cancer disease progression following curative treatment have not been extensively studied, and previous studies reported conflicting results. This study found no clear association between overall statin use and risk of disease progression, as well as lack of a monotone dose–response relationship between the use of statins, whether it was use before or after prostatectomy, and prostate cancer disease progression.