Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic Response to a Guaranteed Annual Income: Experience from Canada and the United States

This article reviews research from the five income-maintenance experiments in Canada and the United States. After sketching the historical and political context of the experiments, we compare their designs and discuss some important analytic difficulties. Our primary focus is the work-incentive issue, both nonstructural estimates of the experimental effects and elasticity estimates of structural labor-supply functions. We provide initial estimates of nonstructural and structural models for the Canadian experiment. We discuss more briefly some non-work-response findings associated with a guaranteed annual income and offer some personal comments on social experimentation and the policy process.
The levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 in patients with type 2 diabetes and colon cancer

Introduction. The risk of colon cancer (CC) develop­ment is increased significantly among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A mechanism responsible for a higher prevalence of CC among diabetic patients may be associated with disturbances of the immune system. Cytokines — interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL- -10) play relevant role in the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the immunological state in terms of IL-2 and IL-10 levels among groups of patients with T2DM, patients with CC, patients with T2DM and CC and patients without these diseases. Material and methods. 80 patients were included in the tests and split into 4 groups: group 1 — 24 patients with T2DM, group 2 — 24 patients with CC, group 3 — 10 patients with CC and T2DM, and group 4 — 22 persons without T2DM or CC. Colonoscopy was per­formed for all the patients. All cases of colon cancer were confirmed by histopathological examination. Laboratory measurements included blood tests such as fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide and HbA1c. The serum concentration of IL-2 and IL-10 was determined by the immunoenzymatic (ELISA) method. Results. The concentration of IL-2 was statistically higher in the group of patients with T2DM and CC than in the groups of patients without those diseases (4.21 ± 1.61 SE pg/ml vs. group 1 — 1.57 ± 0.44 SE pg/ /ml, group 2 — 1.64 ± 0.27 SE pg/ml, group 4 — 1.95 ± 0.47 SE pg/ml; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of IL-10 in patients with T2DM and CC compared with other subjects. The level of fasting glucose and HbA1c in the groups of patients with T2DM (group 1) and T2DM with CC (group 3) was statistically higher than in the groups of patients without T2DM. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in levels of insulin, C-peptide and HOMA-IR. Conclusions. The concentration of IL-2 was statistically higher in the group of patients with T2DM and colon cancer than in other groups. Elevated level of IL-2 can be a marker of an increased risk of CC in people with type 2 diabetes. It might be useful in indicating a group of patients with differences in immune system particularly susceptible to the development of colon cancer.
Analysis of the Effect of Olfactory, Approach Behavior, and Experiential Marketing toward Purchase Intention

The drive of retail business competition is getting tighter and causing retailers to seek to entice consumers to be regular and faithful at their stores. Retailers need to understand consumer behavior in order to obtain what is desired by consumers. Therefore, consumer behavior needs to be studied considering various factors which can influence consumer decisions to buy a product. The emergence of BreadTalk in Indonesia in the bakery industry with a different concept bakery store has caused rapid development in this industry. One strategy used by BreadTalk to encourage consumers to visit, feel the different experience, and ultimately to increase consumer purchase intention is to use dimensional olfactory as one of the elements in the store ambience. With this phenomenon, this study aims to find the significant influence of the olfactory, approach behavior, experiential marketing toward purchase intention. Collecting data in this study was done by spreading questionnaires to students of the University of Pelita Harapan, who had visited and shopped at BreadTalk Supermal Karawaci. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 respondents. The variables that exist in the study are measured using the Likert scale. The sample collection technique used was a non-probability sampling technique of sampling with a purposive sampling method. The data are then processed by using reliability analysis, validity, and methods of structural equation modelling analysis. From the results of this study the significant influence from olfactory to 3 variables mentioned above can be seen.
Gas Exchange and Growth of Medicinal Plant Subjected to Salinity and Application of Biofertilizers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of biofertilizers and saline waters on gas exchange and growth of medicinal plant Plectrantus amboinicus. The experiment was conducted in the period February to May 2013 in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, with two levels of salinity of irrigation water (ECw: 0.7 and 3.1 dS m-1) and four levels of bovine liquid biofertilizer applied to the soil, corresponding to 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of the soil volume, with five replications. The experiment lasted 60 days, counted from the beginning of the treatments. The stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) were performed at the end of the experiment, and the height, number of leaves and stem diameter at the beginning and at the end. Generally plants subjected to salinity of irrigation water of 3.1 dS m-1 had the lowest values of gas exchange. Moreover, the application of biofertilizers and the interaction between this and salinity did not affect any growth variable studied except the stem length in the final phase which was influenced by salinity at 5% probability by F test. The average values of this variable were 57.22 cm and 69.65 cm when applied water ECw: 0.7 to 3.1 dS m-1, respectively. The application of biofertilizers can reduce the effect of salinity on the final plant height of Plectrantus amboinicus, especially when the plants were fertilized with a dose of 20% of biofertilizers.
The Role of Public Wages in Fiscal Consolidation Processes

We investigate the role of adjustments in the public wage bill on the success of scal consolidation processes and its impact on private sector aggregates. For this purpose, we exploit a panel of OECD countries over the 1980-2007 period. Based on Bayesian Model Averaging methods, we rst identify cuts in the public wage bill (in terms of both compensation per employee and number of employees) as the most robust determinant of successful scal consolidations. Second, using cross-country panel regressions we nd that the impact
Response of Soil Nematodes Under Different Pest Management Practices: A Field Experimental Approach in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.) Growing Agro-Ecosystem

The need of eco-friendly pest management practice is important to maintain soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture. Therefore rigorous investigation is needed for the environmentally friendly pest management techniques worldwide including Nepalese Tomato growing farms. We conducted field experiment to monitor the diversity and community structure of soil nematodes under different pest management practices in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) growing farm. The study was conducted during summer and winter season in 2015 in Tokha area of Northern part of Kathmandu valley. The field was designed as Urine mixture plot (MP), Pesticides plot (PP), Botanicals plots (BP) and Control plot (CP). Our result indicated the variation of abundance and diversity of nemato-fauna with treatment plots and seasons. The generic diversity and community composition of nematodes in Urine mixture treating plots (MP) was increased significantly whereas decreased in pesticide applying plot (PP). The F/B ratio was significantly affected with treatment system rather than seasonality and found to be increased in pesticides applying plots. The abundance samples of nematodes genera were well separated in our discriminate ordination. We highlight the need of further exploration on the diversity and community dynamics of soil nematodes under different pest management practices in Tomato growing Nepalese agro-farms for sustainable soil ecosystem service. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 45-55
GCOE Discussion Paper Series Global COE Program Human Behavior and Socioeconomic Dynamics

When a durable good of uncertain quality is introduced to the market, some consumers strategically delay their buying to the next period with the hope of learning the unknown quality. We analyze the monopolist’s pricing and “waiting” strategies when consumers have strategic delay incentives. We show when the monopolist offers introductory low prices in pooling equilibria. We also find two types of separating equilibria: one where high type signals its quality by choosing a different price than the low type in the first period, and another where the high-type monopolist announces the product in the first period and waits to sell only in the second period. Waiting creates a credible cost for signalling; hence, the monopolist uses it as a signalling device. JEL Codes: C73, D42, D83, L12
The Role of Client and Employee Concern in the Relationship between Organizational Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Adoption

This paper explores the strategic consideration of organizational governance for CSR adoption. Specifically, it develops a conceptual framework that outlines how an organization’s concern for its clients and employees influences the relationship between organizational governance and various domains of CSR behaviors. Based on survey data from organizations that are actively engaged in CSR in Hong Kong, there is evidence that adoption of client-oriented CSR practices complementarily mediates the positive relationship between organizational governance and CSR practices in all areas except those related to community involvement and development. On the other hand, adoption of employees-oriented CSR practices is a complementary mediator for the positive relationship between organizational governance and CSR practices related to the environment and the community.
TRAPPED BY THE ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET? AN EXAMINATION OF REGULATORY FOCUS AND ESCALATION OF COMMITMENT IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTION

What distinguishes successful from unsuccessful entrepreneurs? Scholars have proposed that, by enabling flexible adaptation to a dynamic environment, the entrepreneurial mindset facilitates pursuit of new venture creation. However, the same cognitive adaptability that is attributed to the entrepreneurial mindset, and deemed responsible for the relentless persistence to which many entrepreneurs ascribe their success, can also lead to undue persistence and escalation of commitment under slightly less favorable circumstances. Building on regulatory focus theory, we examine the conditions under which the entrepreneurial mindset can go from strength to weakness, transforming the entrepreneurial mindset from a core competency that encourages perceptual and behavioral readiness into a core rigidity that is susceptible to escalation of commitment.
Effects of Different N Fertilizer Rate on Starch Percentage, Soluble Sugar, Dry Matter, Yield and Yield Components of Potato Cultivars

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is a challenge in potato production. Therefore, a study was carried out on the effect of different nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) levels on yield, yield components and tubers quality in terms of starch and dry matter percentage of different potato cultivars in 2010. It was a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main plot was three fertilizer levels (0, 100 and 200 kg elemantal N/ha) and the sub-plot was potato cultivars (Agria, Marfona, clone B5 and clone B6). The results showed that the main effect of cultivar was significant on tuber mean size, fresh tuber yield-ha -1 and starch content at 1% probability level. Also, the main effect of N fertilizer was significant on tuber number-plant -1 , tuber mean size, fresh tuber yield-ha -1 , starch content and dry matter content at 1% probability level. Means comparison showed that the application of 100 kg N/ha had a significant effect on tuber number-plant -1 , fresh tuber yield, starch content and dry matter content and ranked in the superior group. In terms of starch percentage, clone B5 with mean starch percentage of 14.42 ranked in the superior group and in terms of dry matter percentage, cv. Marfona and clone B5 ranked in the superior group a together. With the increase in N fertilizer level from 100 to 200 kg/ha, not only reduced fresh tuber yield and other traits, but also there was a significant decrease in measured traits.
Investigating the relationship among Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence – Evidence from Teachers at Secondary Level in Pakistan

The current study is aimed to investigate relationship among three different factors associated with secondary level teachers including organizational commitment, job satisfaction and emotional intelligence in Pakistan. Additionally, it is aimed to investigate the role of age and gender in determining these aspects among selected audience. In order to achieve the research objectives, sample of 150 teachers at secondary level is selected by using stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation to each stratum. Field survey has been conducted during course of current study, and results are based on research type of ex post facto in which structured questionnaire is used to gather data from respondents. Findings of the study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship among investigated factors i.e. job satisfaction, organizational commitment and emotional intelligence. Similarly, it has also been found that there is no difference between teachers of age groups and belonging to different gender, with respect to factors under analysis including organizational commitment and job satisfaction. However there is a significant role of gender played in emotional intelligence i.e. females have greater extent of emotional intelligence than
Determinants of Intangible Assets Disclosure in Quoted Companies in Nigeria

This study examined the determinants of voluntary disclosure of intangible assets by quoted companies in Nigeria. A disclosure index, based on the modified Value Chain Scoreboard (VCSB), was constructed to measure the dependent variables in four (4) models. The VCSB is intended to inform both the manager and investors about the company’s innovational activities with emphasis on investment in intangible assets and their transformation to tangible results. The VCSB is described as a matrix of non-financial indicators arranged in three categories according to the circle of development (Lev 2001). The pooled and panel data, sourced from the annual reports and accounts of one hundred and fifty-seven (157) quoted companies for six (6) years from 2005 to 2010 were used. The Fixed Effects model was chosen for analysis of data. The findings revealed that Age of Company (AGEC) had a positive and significant influence on all classes of voluntary disclosures. Size of Audit Firm (SIZA) was positively and significantly related to overall voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital assets (VDIAOV), while the least disclosed class of intangible assets was voluntary disclosure of intangible assets relating to implementation (VDIAIM); and the most disclosed class was VDIACO. Given these findings, the regulatory authorities could grant awards in order to encourage more voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital by companies in relation to implementation since findings revealed that this phase of component is the least disclosed. Additionally, the big-4 audit firms can organize a mandatory continuous professional training as to extend their protocols and techniques in order to encourage more disclosures by companies audited by the non big-4 audit firms.
The Behavior of MFIE and EFIE at Interior Resonances and Its Impact in MOT Late Time Stability

In the vicinity of a certain interior frequency, the current density on the surface of a perfect electric conducting scatterer, when illuminated by an incident field, is divided into two parts: an induced surface current caused by the incident field and a resonance surface current associated with the interior resonance mode. Equivalent RLC circuit models are proposed respectively for PEC scatterers associated with the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE). Using the circuit models, together with the power conservation law, the different behavior of the resonance surface currents associated with EFIE and MFIE is analyzed and checked with numerical examples in two-dimensional space. It is shown that the interior resonance behavior has significant influence on the late time stability associated with time domain EFIE and MFIE.
Abundance correlations in mildly metal-poor stars - II. Light elements (C to Ca)

Accurate relative abundances have been obtained for carbon, oxygen, sodium, aluminium, silicon, and calcium in a sample of mildly metal-poor stars. This analysis complements a previous study carried out by Jehin et al. (1999, A&A, 341, 241), which provided the basis for the EASE scenario. This scenario postulates that field metal-poor stars were born in self- enriched proto-globular cluster clouds. By further investigating the correlations between the different α-element abundances, we propose a modified scenario for the formation of intermediate metallicity stars, in which the stars exhibiting lower than average α/Fe abundance ratios would form in low mass clouds, unable to sustain the formation of very massive stars (M > 30 M� ). Moreover, the carbon-to-iron ratio is found to decrease as one climbs the so-called Population IIb branch, i.e. when the s-element abundance increases. In the framework of the EASE scenario, we interpret this anticorrelation between the carbon and the s-element abundances as a signature of a hot bottom burning process in the metal-poor AGB stars which expelled the matter subsequently accreted by our Population IIb stars.
Towards a universal competitive intelligence process model

Background: Competitive intelligence (CI) provides actionable intelligence, which provides a competitive edge in enterprises. However, without proper process, it is difficult to develop actionable intelligence. There are disagreements about how the CI process should be structured. For CI professionals to focus on producing actionable intelligence, and to do so with simplicity, they need a common CI process model. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to review the current literature on CI, to look at the aims of identifying and analysing CI process models, and finally to propose a universal CI process model. Method: The study was qualitative in nature and content analysis was conducted on all identified sources establishing and analysing CI process models. To identify relevant literature, academic databases and search engines were used. Moreover, a review of references in related studies led to more relevant sources, the references of which were further reviewed and analysed. To ensure reliability, only peer-reviewed articles were used. Results: The findings reveal that the majority of scholars view the CI process as a cycle of interrelated phases. The output of one phase is the input of the next phase. Conclusion: The CI process is a cycle of interrelated phases. The output of one phase is the input of the next phase. These phases are influenced by the following factors: decision makers, process and structure, organisational awareness and culture, and feedback.
Simulation of ultrasonic fields propagating through nonparallel boundaries

The main objective of this paper is to present an efficient method suitable for simulation of ultrasonic fields radiated through the layers with nonparallel boundaries. The proposed method enables fast calculation of an ultrasonic disk-shaped transducer field transmitted through parallel and nonparallel boundaries between layers. The proposed simulation method is based on transformation of a multilayered medium into a virtual one without internal boundaries, equivalent to the actual medium from the point of view of the relative times of arrival of direct and edge waves. Such an approach enables one to exploit the modified axially symmetric model and to simplify the computations essentially. The example of simulated fields is presented for the case of plastic materials.
Interpersonal forgiveness in close relationships: An attachment perspective

This research explores the relationship between forgiveness and adult attachment status in close relationships. Two hundred sixty-five undergraduate students were administered a demographic survey, the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) inventory to measure adult attachment status (secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing) using dimensions of anxiety and avoidance, and the Conflicts in Close Relationships (CCR) inventory adapted from the forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others scales of the Behavior Assessment System. Lack of forgiveness of self had a positive significant relationship with anxiety; lack of forgiveness of others had a positive significant relationship with avoidance. Significant positive relationships were also found between lack of forgiveness of self and avoidance and between lack of forgiveness of others and anxiety. Significant differences in forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others were found among homogeneous subsets of
The spatial distribution and potential sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over the Asian marginal seas and the Indian and Atlantic Oceans

Gaseous and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in air samples taken on a voyage of the Scholar Ship from January 16th to March 14th, 2008. Samples were taken from the Asian marginal seas and the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, providing an opportunity to assess spatial trends and potential sources of atmospheric PAHs over those oceans. The results show that continental sources were still responsible for some high concentrations of PAHs measured over the oceans. The Σ15PAHs in the gaseous phase were elevated on the approach to China and India, while the highest Σ15PAHs in the particulate phase were found at Chennai Harbor and close to Guinea. The high proportion of fluorene in the gas phase over the East and South China Sea could be a marker of coal and coke related combustion emission from Mainland China. The elevated high-molecular-weight PAHs in particles close to Guinea might be related to biomass burning in Africa. These results are consistent with previous PAH emission inventories and highlight the potential impact of continental PAH sources in China, India and Africa on the adjacent marine atmosphere.