Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the structural proteins of different strains of Newcastle disease virus.

Summary The structural proteins of 14 strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were examined on reduced polyacrylamide gels. Three major and seven minor virus proteins (VP) were found reproducibly, one of the major and one of the minor poly-peptides being glycoproteins (VGP). The three major polypeptides had mol. wt. of 75000 (VGP75), 55000 (VP55) and 42000 (VP42) and the minor polypeptides 180000 (VP180), 110000 (VP110), 55000 (VGP55), 53000 (VP53), 52000 (VP52), 51000 (VP51) and 49000 (VP49). On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a non-reduced system one of the minor components, VGP55, migrated to an apparently higher mol. wt. position (between VGP75 and VP55) with all strains of virus examined. Under the same conditions, it was found that VGP75 from some strains was either absent or present in greatly diminished amounts, and a new high mol. wt. glycoprotein appeared. By extraction of this high mol. wt. protein from non-reduced polyacrylamide gels, and electrophoresis of the reduced protein under reduced conditions the major component was found to be VGP75, but VP55 was also present. Amino acid analysis of the three major proteins from three strains of virus showed clear differences between the proteins of the different strains.
Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome: A Case of Improved Cerebral Blood Flow After Cranioplasty

Sinking skin flap syndrome is defined as a series of neurologic symptoms with the skin depression at the site of cranial defect, which develop several weeks to months after large external cerebral decompression. The case of a 28-year-old female with the sinking skin flap syndrome is reported together with the evaluation of cerebral blood flow using xenon computed tomography (CT). Although her general condition stabilized within 7 months after the injury, the skin of the bilateral temporal regions was markedly depressed due to large bone defects. She was confined to bed and showed reduced levels of consciousness. We decided to treat this case by performing cranioplasty with a hydroxyapatite ceramic implant. Not only were good cranial contour reconstructed after cranioplasty, but neurologic conditions were also improved after cranioplasty. Regarding the change in cerebral blood flow in the present case, as measured with xenon CT, the cerebral blood flow 3 days after the injury was 18.7 ± 12.3 mL/100 mL/min and 26.5 ± 11.6 mL/100 mL/min in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. After the bilateral cranioplasty, it had increased by approximately 2-fold to 36.4 ± 23.2 mL/100 mL/min in the left hemisphere and approximately 1.5-fold to 43.8 ± 23.3 mL/100 mL/min in the right hemisphere as compared with the levels obtained 3 days after the injury. Therefore, xenon CT appears to be useful in the monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with cranial bone defects that are directly affected by atmospheric pressure and in predicting functional prognosis. For the sinking skin flap syndrome cases, cranioplasty is not only useful for cerebral protection and improvement of appearance, but cranioplasty is also useful for improving neurologic symptoms.
Capillary permeability and oedema in the perfused frog

IF the hindlegs of a frog are perfused with 3% gum acacia in Ringer solution, the capillaries dilate, and the capillary walls become permeable to protein, so that a rapid oedema develops. The melanophoreA contract also, and no doubt other changes occur in the tissues, since perfusion tends to remove the whole of the intricate system of hormones, enzymes, etc., of the plasma which maintain normal equilibrium. In this paper attention is focused on the nature of the change in capillary permeability. Krogh [1929] has taken the attitude that capillary dilation is a phenomenon essentially linked with increased permeability; but on this point, as on most of the other points concerned, the evidence in the literature is contradictory. In 1921 Krogh & Harrop found that the addition of defibrinated ox blood to 3% acacia prevents capillary dilation. Krogh [1924] suspected that pituitrin was responsible for maintaining normal capillary diameter and permeability. Dale [1926] took the contrary view. Drinker [1927] found that pituitrin had no action in preventing dilation and oedema, but that with 20% horse serum added to 3% acacia, both dilation and oedema were prevented. Krogh [1929], using a 33% suspension of ox red cells in 3% acacia, found that the capillaries are dilated, but that there is no oedema. Saslow [1938] confirmed Drinker's observation that serum will prevent dilation, but could not confirm Drinker's observation that oedema is also prevented. Saslow found that 19-24% ox red cells in acacia will stop oedema but not dilation, and that with red cells in serum neither oedema nor capillary dilation are found.
The Resiliency of the Corneal Endothelium to Refractive and Intraocular Surgery

Purpose. To describe stress factors (phenylephrine and contact lenses) from the corneal epithelium that can affect the corneal endothelium, and to describe the effects of refractive and intraocular surgery on the corneal endothelial structure and function. Methods. Significant clinical and experimental publications are reviewed and recent experiments conducted in the author's laboratory to describe the corneal endothelial stresses. Results. The corneal epithelium serves as a barrier to topical phenylephrine (2.5–10%). In a compromised epithelium, topical phenylephrine will cause drug-induced stromal edema and endothelial vacuolization. Contact lenses are capable of stimulating the epithelial arachidonic acid cascade to release 12(R)hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(R)HETE) and 8(R)hydroxy-hexadecatrienoic acid (8(R)HHDTrE) to cause endothelial Na+/K+adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)-inhibition and polymegethism. Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelial cells after refractive surgery (photorefractive keratectomy [PRK], laser in situ keratomileusis [LASIK], intrastromal rings [INTACs]) has shown that there is minimal effect. However, laser ablation of the stroma within 200 &mgr;m of the corneal endothelium will result in endothelial cell structural changes and the formation of the amorphous substance deposited onto Descemet's membrane. Phacoemulsification with a high flow of the irrigation solution can alter the endothelial surface glycoprotein layer. Lidocaine hydrochloride (1%) used as intracameral anesthesia readily diffuses through the corneal endothelium, resulting in stromal uptake and endothelial cell swelling. With phacoemulsification, however, the washout of lidocaine from the cornea (T1/2, 5 minutes) and iris (T1/2, 9 minutes) occurs quickly. Corneal endothelial wound healing after keratoplasty occurs in the following sequence: migration of endothelial cells, development of tight junctions, and the formation of Na+/K+ATPase pump sites. Conclusions. Corneal endothelial resiliency is due to the increased peripheral endothelial cell number for migration, the ability of endothelial cells to form tight junctions to maintain the endothelial barrier, the increase in endothelial Na+/K+ATPase pump sites under stress, and the ability of the corneal endothelial cells to shift their metabolism of glucose to the hexose monophosphate shunt for the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and membrane repair. All of these factors are important, along with the aqueous humor sodium concentration, which establishes the osmotic gradient for corneal deturgescence and transparency.
Frequency distributions of mean daily intakes of food energy and selected nutrients obtained during nutrition surveys of Merent groups of people in Great Britain between 1968 and 1971

1. Nutrition surveys were made in Great Britain between 1968 and 1971 of 1321 pre-schoolchildren aged 6 months to 4.5 years, 321 primary schoolchildren (10–11 years), 178 secondary schoolchildren (14–15 years), 792 secondary schoolchildren (14–15 years), 435 women in the second trimester of pregnancy, 443 elderly people (65–74 years), 384 elderly people (75 years and over). 2. The studies included a 7 d weighed dietary record and all subjects except some of the pre-schoolchildren were medically assessed for evidence of malnutrition. Among the children there were no clinical signs of undernutrition, 4% of the boys and 7% of the girls were described as obese. In the survey of elderly people 3% were malnourished but in each case malnutrition was associated with clinical disease. 3. Percentage frequency distribution curves of mean daily intakes (averaged for 7 d) were obtained for total food energy, total protein, animal protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, vitamin C and vitamin D. 4. Comparison of the distribution of food energy intakes with 1969 recommendations (Department of Health and Social Security, 1969) showed that the mean of the distribution was less than the 1969 recommendation for energy. From the age of 12 months, results indicated that males had larger intakes of food energy than females. 5. Comparison of the distributions for protein, Ca, Fe, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin C with the recommendations for these nutrients revealed that appreciable numbers of people had intakes less than the recommendations without signs of malnutrition.
The blood vessels of the regenerating limb of the adult newt, Triturus

The vessels of the forelimb stump and regenerate were perfused with Prussian blue and studied as whole mounts and in histological sections to reveal the condition and disposition of the blood vessels in various stages of forelimb regeneration in the adult newt, Triturus viridescens. The development of the vessels in the regenerate seemed to be comparable in all its essential features to that which has been described for the normal developing limb in urodele, chick and pig embryos.
Line-Starting Three- and Single-Phase Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors—Direct Comparison to Induction Motors

The performance comparison of three- and single-phase line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSIPMSMs) and induction motors (IMs) with equal squirrel-cage design and symmetric four-pole stator windings is presented. The finite element method was employed in analysis of steady-state synchronous performance of LSIPMSMs. A magnetically linear lumped parameter model was employed in analysis of line-starting performance of LSIPMSMs, where the electrical and also the mechanical subsystems were considered. The procedure which was used for the LSIPMSM design was validated by comparison of calculation and measurement results. The performance of three- and single-phase LSIPMSMs and IMs with equal squirrel-cage design was directly compared and evaluated, thus emphasizing impacts of the permanent magnet breaking torque and reluctance breaking torque on the LSIPMSM performance in the asynchronous operation region.
The effect of lactose–isomaltulose-containing growing-up milks on cognitive performance of Indonesian children: a cross-over study

Glycaemic response to dietary carbohydrates might have an impact on cognitive performance. The present study investigated the effects of growing-up milks (GUM) with isomaltulose and extra minerals and vitamins or lower protein content on cognitive parameters in children aged 5–6 years. In a blinded, partly randomised, controlled, cross-over study, four GUM were provided, each taken over 14 d (2 × 200 ml/d): standard (Std) GUM; Std GUM+5 g isomaltulose (Iso-5 GUM); Iso-5 GUM with 26 % less protein (Iso-5 LP GUM); Std GUM with 2·5 g isomaltulose and extra Mg, Zn, Se, D3, B1, B2, B12, folic acid and choline (Iso-2·5 GUM). At test days, when GUM replaced breakfast, repeated (0, 60, 120 and 180 min post-dose) cognitive tasks were performed (picture presentation, simple reaction time, digit vigilance, choice reaction time, spatial and numeric working memory and picture recognition). Task performance of all subjects (n 50) worsened over the morning. Best performance was seen on isomaltulose GUM, most notably at 180 min. Iso-2·5 GUM showed best performance on several parameters of attention and memory, Iso-5 GUM performed best on parameters of memory and Iso-5 LP GUM was positively associated with parameters of attention but less with memory. Std GUM showed only a benefit on one attention and one memory task. Thus, isomaltulose-enriched GUM positively affected parameters of attention and memory at 180 min post-dose when compared with Std GUM. Extra minerals and vitamins seem beneficial, whereas lowering protein content might improve attention in particular.
Generalized Characteristic Polynomials and Gaussian Cubature Rules

For a family of near banded Toeplitz matrices, generalized characteristic polynomials are shown to be orthogonal polynomials of two variables, which include the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind on the deltoid as a special case. These orthogonal polynomials possess maximal number of real common zeros, which generate a family of Gaussian cubature rules in two variables.
A Pilot Study to Compare Two Different Hyaluronic Acid Compounds for Treatment and Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive articular cartilage degeneration, changes in subchondral bone and synovial inflammation, leading to pain and disability. Viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid has been widely investigated due to the viscoelastic properties of this compound to manage pain improving the ability to perform daily activities in patients affected by osteoarthritis. In the present study we investigated the clinical effectiveness of viscosupplementation with a new highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid, Variofill®, in patients affected by bilateral knee osteoarthritis in comparison with the widely used Synvisc®. A total of 20 patients, aged between 24–74 years and affected by bilateral knee osteoarthritis, participated in this pilot randomized triple-blind clinical study. They received two injections (2 ml each) of Synvisc® in their left knee and 2 injections (2 ml each) of Variofill® in their right knee spaced 15 days apart. Visual Analogue Scale and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score were used to evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronic acid injections before and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Both treatment regimens resulted in a significant improvement vs baseline in all endpoints at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.001). Treatment with Variofill® resulted in a high percentage improvement in Visual Analogue Scale pain, Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score pain and physical activity, when compared to Synvisc® viscosupplementation, at 6 months (p < 0.05). These results are encouraging for larger clinical trials with Variofill® in larger cohorts of patients affected by osteoarthritis of the knee.
Dielectric Charging in Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Ohmic Switches

MEMS switches having separate signal and actuation electrodes with different air gaps are fabricated using a copper-based CMOS interconnect manufacturing process. By using a control voltage high enough to establish metal-metal contact between the signal electrodes while avoiding contact between the dielectric-covered actuation electrodes, dielectric charging appears to be tolerable. By simultaneously measuring the conductance across the signal electrodes and the capacitance across the actuation electrodes, the conductance-force characteristic can be readily monitored and analyzed. For the present switches, the effect of polarization charge appears to be negligible, and dielectric charging is significant only after dielectric contact is made and space charge is injected.
Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on nerve conduction in the diabetes control and complications trial

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial demonstrated that intensive diabetes therapy effectively delays the onset of clinically apparent neuropathy in patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. A total of 1,441 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive intensive treatment or conventional treatment. Of these, 1,290 were randomized at least 41/2 years or more prior to study termination. Nerve conduction studies were performed at baseline and repeated after approximately 5 years for 1,243 of these patients, 96% of the eligible population. After 5 years of treatment, significant nerve conduction differences were observed between the intensive and conventional treatment groups, all favoring better performance (faster sensory and motor conduction velocities and shorter F‐wave latencies) in the intensive treatment group. Moreover, while performance generally deteriorated among the conventionally treated patients, most attributes remained stable or showed modest improvement in the intensively treated group. Treatment group differences were consistent across strata defined by duration of diabetes and the presence of neuropathy at baseline. A nonparametric multivariate test of all ten nerve conduction measures established a strong effect in favor of intensive treatment. These data confirm that the electrophysiological abnormalities associated with diabetic neuropathy are delayed or prevented by intensive diabetes treatment.
Brain metastasis from medullary thyroid carcinoma

The brain is an exceedingly rare site of metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). A 50-year-old female who had a history of micro-MTC 11 years prior developed a cerebellar metastasis which was incidentally discovered. Imaging revealed a right cerebellar hemispheric mass with contrast enhancement on CT scans. Histopathologic exam demonstrated a metastatic tumour composed of nodules and sheets of large tumour cells with abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the origin from a MTC. This case report highlights the unique features of an unusual metastatic brain tumour, which followed an indolent course for a long time despite multiple distant metastases.
From early to adult sport success: Analysing athletes' progression in national squads

Abstract Although some prospective studies have shown that many successful young athletes do not maintain the same level of success when they reach adulthood, there is still a lack of information regarding athletes who started their international involvement at early ages. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the international pathway of male and female athletes in different sports from the moment of their competitive debut, in order to determine how many international athletes at early ages competed or did not compete internationally as juniors and/or seniors. The sample included 395 athletes (soccer, volleyball, swimming and judo), born between 1974 and 1981, who could have competed in their national squads between 1988 and 2008. Results showed that only a third of international pre-junior athletes reappeared as senior athletes, confirming the difficulties of predicting late success based on early identification and selection.
A comparison of anthropometry, biochemical variables and plasma amino acids among centenarians, elderly and young subjects.

OBJECTIVE Aging health is associated with nutritional changes which are not well understood and were therefore evaluated in this study by comparing the nutritional status of centenarians and elderly (in their 70s) relative to young subjects. SUBJECTS The participants were 27 young subjects (10 males, 17 females), 40 healthy elderly (20 males, 20 females) and 32 centenarians (9 males, 23 females). METHODS The activities of daily living (ADL), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), biochemical variables (total protein, albumin, triglycerides as well as total, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol) and plasma amino acid profiles were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with young subjects, lower (p<0.05) height, weight, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and total cholesterol for centenarians and height, albumin and A/G ratio for elderly were observed in both genders. Total cholesterol of male centenarians was lower than in young and elderly subjects and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations of female elderly were higher than those of young and centenarian subjects. However, the cholesterol concentrations of all the centenarians were within the reference range. The ratios of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the centenarians than the young subjects. Clear changes in individual amino acids with aging were lower (p<0.05) branched chain amino acids and methionine and higher proline and cystine, which are similar to the amino acid profiles in liver deterioration. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the centenarians had poor nutritional status, which may be due to their decreased metabolism and the possibility that only short, slender individuals with low lipids, protein and essential amino acids are those that tend to survive to be centenarians.
Segregated Mathematical Model for Growth of Anchorage‐Dependent MDCK Cells in Microcarrier Culture

To describe the growth behavior of anchorage‐dependent mammalian cells in microcarrier systems, various approaches comprising deterministic and stochastic single cell models as well as automaton‐based models have been presented in the past. The growth restriction of these often contact‐inhibited cells by spatial effects is described at levels with different complexity but for the most part not taking into account their metabolic background. Compared to suspension cell lines these cells have a comparatively long lag phase required for attachment and start of proliferation on the microcarrier. After an initial phase of exponential growth only a moderate specific growth rate is achieved due to restrictions in space available for cell growth, limiting medium components, and accumulation of growth inhibitors. Here, a basic deterministic unstructured segregated cell model for growth of Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells used in influenza vaccine production is described. Four classes of cells are considered: cells on microcarriers, cells in suspension, dead cells, and lysed cells. Based on experimental data, cell attachment and detachment is taken explicitly into account. The model allows simulation of the overall growth behavior in microcarrier culture, including the lag phase. In addition, it describes the time course of uptake and release of key metabolites and the identification of parameters relevant for the design and optimization of vaccine manufacturing processes.