Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in Chinese older people: The mediating role of the sense of meaning in life and self-esteem

Purpose This study explores the relationship between physical exercise and older people’s subjective well-being and the mediating role of a sense of meaning in life and self-esteem by using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, in order to provide some suggestions for improving older people’s subjective well-being. Methods In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted offline using a simple random method of collection, and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Subjective Well-being Scale (SWB), the Meaningfulness of Life Scale (MLQ), and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were applied to 419 older adults who participated in physical exercise from Chengdu (Qingyang District, Wuhou District, and Chenghua District), Sichuan Province, China, with the voluntary participation of the subjects. 197 males and 222 females, with a mean age of 72.49 (SD = 1.57). The study used SPSS 25.0 and Process 3.5 plug-in for statistical processing of the data, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for intra-variate consistency testing, Harman’s one-way test for common method bias testing and multiple covariance diagnosis, and finally regression analysis and Bootstrap sampling test for significance of mediating effects. Results Physical exercise was able to have a positive effect on the level of subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0305; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0226, 0.0384; p < 0.05), and a mediation analysis of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem revealed that they were able to have independent and chained mediation effects, with four pathways: first, physical exercise directly affected subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0149; 95% CI: 0.0072, 0.0226; p < 0.05; β = 0.0149; 95% CI: 0.0072, 0.0226; p < 0.05); secondly, sense of meaning in life mediated the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0041, 0.0115; p < 0.05); thirdly, self-esteem mediated the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0041, 0.0115; p < 0.05). (β = 0.0061; 95% CI: 0.0034, 0.0094; p < 0.05); fourth, a chain mediating effect of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem in the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in older adults (β = 0.0021; 95% CI: 0.0010, 0.0035; p < 0.05). Conclusion and prospects As indicated by the results, physical exercise can enhance the subjective well-being of older adults through sense of meaning in life and self-esteem, therefore, in order to be able to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults, enhancing the level of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem of older adults is an effective means.
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE UPPER BEAS BASIN OF THE WESTERN INDIAN HIMALAYA

Abstract. Appraisal of potential evapotranspiration (PET) is needed for estimating the agricultural water requirement and understanding hydrological processes in an arena. Therefore, aim of the paper was to estimate the PET in the upper Beas basin, situated in the Western Indian Himalaya, under future climate change scenarios (by mid-21st century). Climate data (1969–2010) of Manali, Bhuntar and Katrain were obtained from India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). Landsat data were used for mapping land use/land cover (LULC) conditions of the basin through decision tree technique. Elevation detail of the catchment area is derived from the Cartosat-1 digital elevation model (DEM). Simulations of PET were done by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated using the average monthly discharge data from Thalout station. The study found fluctuations in PET under different climate change scenarios. It is likely to increase in near future owing to the rise in temperature. The higher water demand can be met from the excess snowmelt water reaching the lower basin area during the cropping seasons. This study will be helpful to understand water availability conditions in the upper Beas basin in the near future.
The amplitude of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in 4U 1636–53 in the frequency-energy space

We present for the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636–53, and for the first time for any source of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs), the two-dimensional behaviour of the fractional rms amplitude of the kHz QPOs in the parameter space defined by QPO frequency and photon energy. We find that the rms amplitude of the lower kHz QPO increases with energy up to $\sim \! \! 12$ keV and then decreases at higher energies, while the rms amplitude of the upper kHz QPO either continues increasing or levels off at high energies. The rms amplitude of the lower kHz QPO increases and then decreases with frequency, peaking at $\sim \! \! 760$ Hz, while the amplitude of the upper kHz QPO decreases with frequency, with a local maximum at around $\sim \! \! 770$ Hz, and is consistent with becoming zero at the same QPO frequency, $\sim \! \! 1400$ Hz, in all energy bands, thus constraining the neutron-star mass at $M_{NS} \le 1.6 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, under the assumption that this QPO reflects the Keplerian frequency at the inner edge of the accretion disc. We show that the slope of the rms energy spectrum is connected to the changing properties of the kHz QPOs in different energy bands as its frequencies change. Finally, we discuss a possible mechanism responsible for the radiative properties of the kHz QPOs and, based on a model in which the QPO arises from oscillations in a Comptonizing cloud of hot electrons, we show that the properties of the kHz QPOs can constrain the thermodynamic properties of the inner accretion flow.
Examining the influencing factors and the functioning mechanism of online learning supporting learners’ empowerment

The construction of an effective technology-based environment to promote learning and enable online learning to truly empower learners has become an increasingly important issue of concern. To some extent, an in-depth analysis of the key influencing factors and their functioning mechanism of online learning supporting learners’ empowerment may pave a new way for the understanding of this issue. In view of this, this study, grounded on the reciprocal determinism theory, explored the influencing paths among environment elements, online behaviors, person factors, and learners’ empowerment by using structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, and examined the structure effect relationships among these dimensions. A total of 396 Chinese university students reported on their perceptions of environment elements, online behaviors, person factors, and learners’ empowerment through the questionnaire survey. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between the three dimensions of the reciprocal determinism theory, and the three dimensions all exerted a positive effect on learners’ empowerment. Among them, the item parameter estimates revealed that online environment, online interaction, and online cooperation were significant in explaining the influence of environment elements and online behaviors on learners’ empowerment. Based on the empirical results, this study provided some implications and suggestions for the rationality of the structure devising of online learning environment, the effectiveness of online teacher-student interaction, and the development of students’ learning autonomy in technology-based learning. Thus, this study helped understand the specific contribution of external and internal factors to learners’ empowerment of using technology for online learning and would inform the construction of the optimized online learning environments and teacher-student relationships to enhance students’ sense of online presence and learning initiative.
Uncertainty in the Hot Hand Fallacy: Detecting Streaky Alternatives to Random Bernoulli Sequences

We study a class of permutation tests of the randomness of a collection of Bernoulli sequences and their application to analyses of the human tendency to perceive streaks of consecutive successes as overly representative of positive dependence—the hot hand fallacy. In particular, we study permutation tests of the null hypothesis of randomness (i.e. that trials are i.i.d.) based on test statistics that compare the proportion of successes that directly follow $k$ consecutive successes with either the overall proportion of successes or the proportion of successes that directly follow $k$ consecutive failures. We characterize the asymptotic distributions of these test statistics and their permutation distributions under randomness, under a set of general stationary processes, and under a class of Markov chain alternatives, which allow us to derive their local asymptotic power. The results are applied to evaluate the empirical support for the hot hand fallacy provided by four controlled basketball shooting experiments. We establish that substantially larger data sets are required to derive an informative measurement of the deviation from randomness in basketball shooting. In one experiment, for which we were able to obtain data, multiple testing procedures reveal that one shooter exhibits a shooting pattern significantly inconsistent with randomness—supplying strong evidence that basketball shooting is not random for all shooters all of the time. However, we find that the evidence against randomness in this experiment is limited to this shooter. Our results provide a mathematical and statistical foundation for the design and validation of experiments that directly compare deviations from randomness with human beliefs about deviations from randomness and thereby constitute a direct test of the hot hand fallacy.
Seasonal controls of meltwater runoff chemistry and chemical weathering at Urumqi Glacier No.1 in central Asia

Temporal variation of runoff chemistry and its seasonal controls relating to chemical weathering processes and drainage system evolution were examined at Urumqi Glacier No.1 in Xinjiang, China, over a full melt season. The dominant ions in meltwater runoff are HCO3−, Ca2+, and SO42−; and Fe, Sr, and Al are dominant elements. Concentrations of major ions and some elements show periodic variations with seasons and negatively correlate with discharge, whereas other elements (e.g., Al, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) show a random change, providing insights into the hydrological and physicochemical controls. HCO3− and Ca2+ are primarily derived from calcite, SO42− and Fe mainly come from pyrite, and Sr and Al principally originate from silicate. Hydrochemical fluxes of solutes exhibit strong seasonality but are positively related to discharge, suggesting an increasing release of solutes during higher flow conditions. Solute yields, cation denudation rate, and chemical weathering intensity observed at Urumqi Glacier No.1 are higher than those at most basins worldwide. This suggests that chemical weathering in central Asia may be stronger than at other glacial basins with similar specific discharge. Concentrations of some elements (e.g., Fe, Al, As, Pb, and Zn) are close to or exceed the guidelines for drinking water standards in meltwater‐fed rivers. These rivers may face future challenges of water quality degradation, and relationships between changing flow and water quality conditions should be established soon, given that development of channelized flow is expected to be earlier over a melt season in a warming climate.
Structural and stellar-population properties versus bulge types in Sloan Digital Sky Survey central galaxies

This paper studies pseudo-bulges (P-bulges) and classical bulges (C-bulges) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) central galaxies using the new bulge indicator ΔΣ1, which measures relative central stellar-mass surface density within 1 kpc. We compare ΔΣ1 to the established bulge-type indicator Δ〈μe〉 from Gadotti (2009) and show that classifying by ΔΣ1 agrees well with Δ〈μe〉. ΔΣ1 requires no bulge–disc decomposition and can be measured on SDSS images out to z = 0.07. Bulge types using it are mapped on to 20 different structural and stellar-population properties for 12 000 SDSS central galaxies with masses 10.0 < log M*/M⊙ < 10.4. New trends emerge from this large sample. Structural parameters show fairly linear log–log relations versus ΔΣ1 and Δ〈μe〉 with only moderate scatter, while stellar-population parameters show a highly non-linear ‘elbow’ in which specific star formation rate remains roughly flat with increasing central density and then falls rapidly at the elbow, where galaxies begin to quench. P-bulges occupy the low-density end of the horizontal arm of the elbow and are universally star forming, while C-bulges occupy the elbow and the vertical branch and exhibit a wide range of star formation rates at a fixed density. The non-linear relation between central density and star formation rate has been seen before, but this mapping on to bulge class is new. The wide range of star formation rates in C-bulges helps to explain why bulge classifications using different parameters have sometimes disagreed in the past. The elbow-shaped relation between density and stellar indices suggests that central structure and stellar populations evolve at different rates as galaxies begin to quench.
Multispectral remote sensing for post‐dictive analysis of archaeological remains. A case study from Bronte (Sicily)

In recent years, the use of remote sensing in archeology has rapidly grown, having being proven particularly useful for landscape archaeology investigations. The quality of results obtained through remote sensing mainly depends on the number of bands that can be exploited, the spatial and spectral resolution of imagery and the methodology used. In this work, adopting a post‐dictive approach, multispectral remote sensing data from World‐View 2 (WV‐2) were used in order to detect archaeological features in the volcanic area of Bronte (Sicily, Italy), a town 40 km from Catania. The selected area lies in the western slope of Etna, inside the boundary of Etna Park. Here, the archaeological research is affected by specific problems. The geology and the spontaneous vegetation of this fascinating environment represents one of the biggest issues. The entire research was conducted using free and open source software (FOSS) within a low‐cost logic that allows study of landscapes using limited budget. The strategy developed in our study is directed towards a post‐dictive approach to archeological data and remote sensing techniques. We analyzed an area where archeological buildings are now visible, but WV‐2 multispectral images have been deliberately selected prior to the archaeological excavations carried out in 2015. In this way, we can evaluate and test instruments and techniques at our disposal, emphasizing weaknesses and strengths. The final results illustrate the benefits and challenges of performing multispectral imagines for archaeological investigations. The use of some of the most promising vegetation indices, especially Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Simple Ratio Index (SRI), is analysed and discussed, while the post‐dictive approach suggests that the more useful bands are undoubtedly NIR_1 and RED_EDGE.
Effects of size-dependent sediment mixing on deep-sea records of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Stratigraphic features of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) marking the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ca. 55.8 Ma) are used to study ocean-climate change and carbon cycling during this ancient global warming event. Yet discrepancies in its timing and amplitude exist between bulk-carbonate and planktic-foraminifera δ13C records. Here we examine these disparities through the lens of δ13C compositions of size-segregated planktic shells across the pre-CIE to CIE transition in the iconic PETM section of Ocean Drilling Program Site 690 in the Weddell Sea. Our results show that the stratigraphic position of the CIE onset is dependent upon shell size, which we attribute to preferential mixing of smaller shells with pre-CIE δ13C values up into the overlying CIE interval. Hence, the transitory loss of size-dependent δ13C signatures in photosymbiotic planktic foraminifera is a taphonomic artifact, not a geochemical signal of symbiont “bleaching” during the PETM. Our results also indicate that many salient features of the Site 690 bulk-carbonate δ13C record are aberrations caused by size-dependent sediment mixing, and as such, should not be viewed as primary signals of ocean-climate change during what is arguably one of the best ancient analogs for future ocean-climate change.
Bamboo Resources and Carbon Storage in Taiwan

In this paper, we examined bamboo resources and reviewed studies concerning bamboo biomass, carbon storage and sequestration for different bamboo species and at varying site conditions in Taiwan. Owing to a suitable climate and environment for the bamboo growth, it is rich in bamboo resource both in species and area in Taiwan. In 2000, bamboo forests had approximately covered 7.11 % of total forest land in Taiwan. Generally, both monopodial and sympodial bamboos are available in Taiwan. Among them, several bamboo species are regard as economic bamboos because of their high economic value in culms and shoots. During the past, many studies were carried out to assess bamboo biomass and carbon storage for the bamboo productivity. This paper showed, generally, the biomasses aboveground of sympodial bamboos were higher than those in monopodial types because of the bigger size in culms in the former and the major contribution of culms to biomass aboveground for both bamboo types. While the carbon storage aboveground in bamboo was less than that in tree plantations, due to the more rapid growth occurring in bamboo, bamboo forests in Taiwan showed an apparent superiority to tree forests in the carbon sequestration capacity. However, bamboo forests under well-managed to have a good balance in age structure is necessary to maintain the vigor of bamboo forests. Based on the average value of bamboo forests obtained by this paper, the total carbon storage of national bamboo forests in Taiwan at 2000 was approximately estimated to be 9.5 Tg C.
Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and lower Miocene Dentoglobigerina and Globoquadrina

The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Oligocene and lower Miocene Dentoglobigerina and Globoquadrina are reviewed. Because of the discovery of spine holes in various species assigned to these genera, the entire group is now considered to have been fully or sparsely spinose in life and hence part of Family Globigerinidae. One new species, Dentoglobigerina eotripartita Pearson, Wade, and Olsson n. sp. , is named. Dentoglobigerina includes forms with and without umbilical teeth and species for which the presence or absence of a tooth is a variable feature. A significant finding has been the triple synonymy of Globigerina tripartita Koch, Globigerina rohri Bolli, and Globoquadrina dehiscens praedehiscens Blow, which greatly simplifies part of the taxonomy. The genus Globoquadrina is restricted to its type species, Globigerina dehiscens Chapman and others. The following species from the time interval of interest are regarded as valid: Dentoglobigerina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis), Dentoglobigerina baroemoenensis (LeRoy), Dentoglobigerina binaiensis (Koch), Dentoglobigerina eotripartita Pearson, Wade, and Olsson n. sp. , Dentoglobigerina galavisi (Bermudez), Dentoglobigerina globosa (Bolli), Dentoglobigerina globularis (Bermudez), Dentoglobigerina juxtabinaiensis Fox and Wade, Dentoglobigerina larmeui (Akers), Dentoglobigerina prasaepis (Blow), Dentoglobigerina pseudovenezuelana (Blow and Banner), Dentoglobigerina sellii (Borsetti), Dentoglobigerina taci Pearson and Wade, Dentoglobigerina tapuriensis (Blow and Banner), Dentoglobigerina tripartita (Koch), Dentoglobigerina venezuelana (Hedberg), and Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins). The genus Dentoglobigerina also comprises other Neogene/Quaternary species not listed, including the living species Dentoglobigerina cf. conglomerata (Schwager).
A study on leaching of collapsible gypseous soils

ABSTRACT A leaching study to investigate the characteristics of gypseous soil from Baher Al-Najaf in Iraq on samples taken from three sites with different gypsum contents was performed in this work. The combination between X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has been used to study the changes in surface matrix, chemical composition due to reaction between minerals of soil-gypsum and micro-fabrics of soils with gypsum. The solubility of gypsum minerals was found to be directly proportional to gypsum content and leaching period. An SEM analysis has shown an increase in the total change of voids and cavities for higher gypsum soils. In addition, increase in the formation of weaker binding between the sand particles was noticed due to presence of the non leached gypsum crystals in the soil structure that were identified as fibres and crusts covering the soil particles.
Phosphate enrichment increases the resilience of the pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata to warming

Hard corals are in decline as a result of the simultaneous occurrence of global (e.g., ocean warming) and local (e.g., inorganic eutrophication) factors, facilitating phase shifts towards soft coral dominated reefs. Yet, related knowledge about soft coral responses to anthropogenic factors remains scarce. We thus investigated the ecophysiological response of the pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata to individual and combined effects of phosphate enrichment (1, 2, and 8 μM) and ocean warming (26 to 32°C) over 35 days. Throughout the experiment, we assessed pulsation, mortality, Symbiodiniaceae density, and cellular chlorophyll a content. Simulated ocean warming up to 30°C led to a significant increase in polyp pulsation and by the end of the experiment to a significant increase in Symbiodiniaceae density, whereas cellular chlorophyll a content significantly decreased with warming, regardless of the phosphate treatment. The combination of phosphate enrichment and simulated ocean warming increased pulsation significantly by 41 – 44%. Warming alone and phosphate enrichment alone did not affect any of the investigated response parameters. Overall, X. umbellata displayed a high resilience towards ocean warming with no mortality in all treatments. Phosphate enrichment enabled soft corals to significantly increase their pulsation under increasing temperatures which may enhance their resilience towards ocean warming. This, in turn, could further facilitate their dominance over hard corals on future reefs.
Discovery of Tidally Perturbed Pulsations in the Eclipsing Binary U Gru: A Crucial System for Tidal Asteroseismology

The interior physics of stars is currently not well constrained for early-type stars. This is particularly pertinent for multiple systems, as binary interaction becomes more prevalent for more massive stars, which strongly affects their evolution. High-precision photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission offers the opportunity to remedy the dearth of observations of pulsating stars that show evidence of binary interaction, specifically pulsating mass-accreting components of semi-detached Algol-type eclipsing binary (oEA) systems. We present the TESS light curve of the circular eclipsing binary system U Gru (TIC 147201138), which shows evidence of free heat-driven pressure modes and a series of tidally perturbed pressure modes. We highlight the asteroseismic potential of studying pulsating stars in binary systems, and demonstrate how tidal asteroseismology can be applied to infer the influence of binary interaction on stellar structure.