Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a 14.5 kG magnetic field in the NGC 2516 star HD 66318

We have been searching for magnetic Ap stars in open clusters, in order to clarify the time evolution of magnetic fields in middle main sequence stars from the ZAMS to the TAMS. We have discovered that the star HD 66318 in the open cluster NGC 2516 has an extraordinarily large magnetic field: the measured mean longitudinal component $B_{\rm l} \approx 4.5$ kG, and the mean field modulus $B_{\rm s} \approx 14.5$ kG. This star thus has one of the largest fields so far discovered in a non-degenerate star, and the largest field known in a current Ap star cluster member. We estimate that HD 66318 has completed about $16 \pm 5$% of its main sequence life. It thus appears to contradict the hypothesis of Hubrig et al. that magnetic fields are only found in stars that have completed at least 30% of their main sequence lifetimes. There is no indication that the spectrum or brightness of the star is variable, and the spectral lines are very sharp. The star probably has a very long rotation period (years). We have modelled some parts of the observed spectrum, assuming that the chemical composition is uniform both horizontally and vertically, and using a simple multipolar expansion for the field structure; although our model does not reproduce exactly the observed spectrum, it is clear that the atmospheric chemical composition of the star is very peculiar, with Ti, Cr and Fe overabundant by between 1.5 and 2.5 dex. Both La ii and iii are apparently about 4 dex overabundant. In contrast, evidence for the presence of other rare earths is difficult to find in the spectrum. It appears that Ce iii, Pr iii, Nd ii and iii, and Eu ii are detected with inferred overabundances ranging between 1.5 and 5 dex, but for most of these elements, the abundance of the non-detected ionization state is significantly lower than that inferred for the detected state. HD 66318 thus seems to exhibit strong discrepancies between abundances deduced for different ionization states of rare earths, a phenomenon so far found only in somewhat cooler stars. Even within one ionization state it has not been found possible to fit most observed lines with a single value of abundance. For example, when we fit medium strength lines of Fe ii, the calculated strong lines of this ion are deeper than observed, and the calculated weak lines are less deep than observed. This situation is probably due to strong vertical abundance stratification of most of the elements studied. Finally, HD 66318 also shows a new form of core-wing anomaly in H α in which the observed line profile falls below the computed one in the core. These characteristics clearly suggest that the atmospheric structure of HD 66318 is not closely similar to that of a normal main sequence A star of similar parameters.
The MAGNUM survey: Positive feedback in the nuclear region of NGC 5643 suggested by MUSE

We study the ionization and kinematics of the ionized gas in the nuclear region of the barred Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC~5643 using MUSE integral field observations in the framework of the MAGNUM (Measuring Active Galactic Nuclei Under MUSE Microscope) survey. The data were used to identify regions with different ionization conditions and to map the gas density and the dust extinction. We find evidence for a double sided ionization cone, possibly collimated by a dusty structure surrounding the nucleus. At the center of the ionization cone, outflowing ionized gas is revealed as a blueshifted, asymmetric wing of the [OIII] emission line, up to projected velocity v(10)~-450 km/s. The outflow is also seen as a diffuse, low luminosity radio and X-ray jet, with similar extension. The outflowing material points in the direction of two clumps characterized by prominent line emission with spectra typical of HII regions, located at the edge of the dust lane of the bar. We propose that the star formation in the clumps is due to `positive feedback' induced by gas compression by the nuclear outflow, providing the first candidate for outflow induced star formation in a Seyfert-like radio quiet AGN. This suggests that positive feedback may be a relevant mechanism in shaping the black hole-host galaxy coevolution.
Iron-catalysed oxidation and halogenation of organic matter in nature

Environmental context Natural organohalogens produced in and released from soils are of utmost importance for ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Formation mechanisms of natural organohalogens are reviewed with particular attention to recent advances in biomimetic chemistry as well as in radical-based Fenton chemistry. Iron-catalysed oxidation in biotic and abiotic systems converts organic matter in nature to organohalogens. Abstract Natural and anthropogenic organic matter is continuously transformed by abiotic and biotic processes in the biosphere. These reactions include partial and complete oxidation (mineralisation) or reduction of organic matter, depending on the redox milieu. Products of these transformations are, among others, volatile substances with atmospheric relevance, e.g. CO2, alkanes and organohalogens. Natural organohalogens, produced in and released from soils and salt surfaces, are of utmost importance for stratospheric (e.g. CH3Cl, CH3Br for ozone depletion) and tropospheric (e.g. Br2, BrCl, Cl2, HOCl, HOBr, ClNO2, BrNO2 and BrONO2 for the bromine explosion in polar, marine and continental boundary layers, and I2, CH3I, CH2I2 for reactive iodine chemistry, leading to new particle formation) chemistry, and pose a hazard to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. halogenated carbonic acids such as trichloroacetic acid). Mechanisms for the formation of volatile hydrocarbons and oxygenated as well as halogenated derivatives are reviewed with particular attention paid to recent advances in the field of mechanistic studies of relevant enzymes and biomimetic chemistry as well as radical-based processes.
Epiphyllous fungi from the Oligocene shallowmarine deposits of the Krabbedalen Formation, Kap Brewster, central East Greenland

ABSTRACT Fructifications of epiphyllous fungi were encountered during palynological investigation of the Lower Oligocene shallow-marine deposits of the Krabbedalen Formation at the Savoia Halvø, Kap Brewster, central East Greenland. Six fossil taxa from the family Microthyriaceae (Phragmothyrites kangukensis Kalgutkar, Phragmothyrites sp., Plochmopeltinites sp., Trichothyrites cf. ostiolatus (Cookson) Kalgutkar & Jansonius, Trichothyrites sp. 1, and Trichothyrites sp. 2) and one incertae sedis fungal remain are reported. Fungal remains from the Krabbedalen Formation represent the youngest, Oligocene occurrence of the epiphyllous fungi in the Palaeogene of the Arctic. The presence of epiphyllous, microthyriaceous fungi in low quantities and in low taxonomical diversity points to a humid and not necessarily warm climate, which is corroborated by data obtained from the analysis of microscopic plant remains.
Designing for crowd well-being: Needs and design suggestions

This paper investigates the needs or criteria for sustaining well-being in crowded situations through two focus group discussions with a total of ten participants. We conclude that pursuing crowd well-being could be divided into two different cases: one is obtaining the enhancement of the current state in normal situations, and the other is avoiding the deficiencies in case of emergencies. The psychological needs are different in these two cases. Crowd members pay attention to higher level of psychological needs, i.e. staying autonomic, connected, competent and respected in the former situation, while their focus will immediately change to low level needs, i.e. safety and security issues, when unexpected things happen. These findings are consistent with Sheldon et al.’s new hierarchy of needs. We also find that all the crowd types mentioned in the focus group discussions could be classified into two categories, namely event crowds and non-event crowds. A crowd can also consist of both event moments (e.g. watching performances or dancing with the crowds) and non-event moments (e.g. waiting in queues). The event crowds are looking for enhancement of their experiences in the crowds, whose needs are usually higher level, whereas the non-event crowds usually cannot help joining the crowds in order to achieve their goals. The event moments when the higher level needs is fulfilled are usually associated with positive moments. The non-event moments when only security is promised and have no support on higher level needs are usually associated with negative moments. To get insights into how crowd well-being is currently fulfilled by crowd management strategies and designs, we investigated a number of influential crowd management literatures. The results reveal that emphasis is placed on supporting the safety. Most strategies focus on preparation and prediction instead sustaining real-time crowd well-being. Most of the designs tend to be coercive instead of respecting the autonomy. In conclusion, designing for crowd well-being could change towards the real-time and aim at fulfilling the higher needs, i.e. autonomy, competence, self-esteem and relatedness on the premise of security.
Detection of icaA and icaD genes and biofilmformation in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from urinary catheters at the University Hospital of Tlemcen (Algeria)

Staphylococcus spp. is a major cause of infections associated with urinary catheterization and other medical devices. Biofilm formation is an important step in the pathogenesis of these Staphylococci and depends on the expression of the icaADBC operon involved in the synthesis of a polysaccharide intercellular adhesion. In this study, forty-four (44) Staphylococcus spp. obtained from urinary catheters at the University Hospital of Tlemcen (North-West Algeria) were analyzed to investigate the presence or absence of the intercellular adhesion icaA and icaD genes, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phenotypic biofilm formation was examined by tissue culture plate (TCP) and Congo red agar (CRA) methods. Seventeen (17) of 44 isolates were shown to carry ica-specific DNA, 18 produced slime on CRA plates but only eight produced biofilm spontaneously on the polystyrene surfaces, under normal growth conditions. Upon induction by sugar, biofilm formation could be stimulated in seven (7) of nine (9)ica positive. Biofilm-negative isolates indicated that the icaADBC expression was down-regulated in these strains. Staphylococcus strains isolated from urinary catheters showed high levels of resistance to penicillin (98%) and gentamicine (75%). The data obtained shows the important role of ica-genes, the phenotypic variability of biofilm formation and the multi-resistance to antibiotics as virulence factors of staphylococcus spp. from urinary catheters.It confirms the complexity and diversity of regulation mechanisms implicated in biofilm formation.
Estimatin of growth parameters and mortality rates of Psettodes )erumei in the Persian Gulf and Oman sea)Hormozgan province

The growth parameters, mortality rates and exploitation population dynamic parameters and exploitation rate of Psettodes erumei were assessed between July 2010 to June 2011 using length frequency analysis. The data were collected from landing sites of Jask, Bandar Abass, Kong and Qeshm Hormozgan province waters. Using total weight (W) and total length (TL) data, the length- weight relationship of this fish species was described as W=00037/L33652/ pertaining to alometric growth. Asymptotic length (L∞) = 74.55 cm, coefficient growth (k)= 0.23 year-1, t0 = - 0.61, longevity (tmax)= 12.43 years and the growth performance index (Φ')= 3.10 were estimated through the ELEFAN I routine and other modules from the FISAT program. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) were then calculated as 1.2 year-1, 0.51 year-1, 0.69 year-1 respectively. Although, the estimated exploitation ratio (E= 0.57) was well fitted with the optimum level, careful examination of exploitation rate (U) revealed that the major part of the stock (> 48% length frequency) is being fished out of the defined optimum length. Consequently, the need to improve fishing methods seems mandatory in the future to ensure that total landings do not exceed 525 tons predicted maximum constant yield (MCY).
CONSUMERS’ BEHAVIOURS RELATED TO PACKAGING AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT

The aim of the research was to establish the relationship between the attitude of consumers towards the environment and their behaviours when choosing food products taking into consideration their packaging. This relationship was established according to gender, age and the educational level of the consumers. Questionnaire study was carried out in 2010 within 548 adults from Warsaw. Participants were asked questions on attitudes towards environment and behaviours related to reduction of packaging waste. Frequency, factor and cluster analysis were used. Signifi cantly more women than men agreed that buying pro ducts in larger packages and beverages in glass bottles can reduce the amount of garbage. Over twice more people with positive attitude claimed not buying food in disposable plastic or paper packaging. Negative attitude fostered doing nothing to minimize waste packaging. Attitudes towards the environment have had signifi - cant impact on the choice of food packaging. More positive attitudes favoured the reduction of the amount of packaging waste. Thus, environmental campaigns focused on attitudes and environmentally relevant use of food packing are required.
Pre and Post-natal Nutrition of Ewes on the Performances of Native Bengal Ewes and Their Lambs

The aim of the study is to determine the effects of different plane of nutrition during late pregnancy to lactation on the performances of ewes and their offspring to weaning. About 36 native Bengal ewes of last 7 weeks gestation were randomly assigned to four different groups (T0, T1, T2, T3). The T0, T1, T2 and T3 groups were supplemented a concentrate mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% of their body weight, respectively. Chopped German grass (Echinochloa polystachya) was provided as basal forages to ewes and a creep mixture (20 g/lamb/day) to the lambs from 2 weeks of age with a weakly increase of 10 g/lamb. The results shown that ewes dry matter intake (p < 0.01), milk yield (p < 0.05), days open (p < 0.01), live weight gain before lambing (p < 0.01) and at weaning (p < 0.01) and weight recovery from late gestation to weaning (p < 0.05) improved with high plane of nutrition. Higher weight recovery found in T2 group. Litter size had an effect on (p < 0.01) all weight traits of lambs and ewes milk yield. Sex of lamb also affects (p < 0.05) the weaning weight and daily gain of lambs.
David Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage and its implication for development in Sub-Saharan Africa : a decolonial view

The Euro-American predominance of understandings and narratives of development has produced the current global world order, where African-centered solutions and alternatives to the problems of poverty and underdevelopment on the continent are ignored or inferiorised. Drawing awareness from a decolonial view and deploying the concept of the decoloniality of power and knowledge itself, this article seeks to conduct a thorough interrogation of David Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage. According to Auriacombe (in Schurink and Auriacombe 2010:435 and Auriacombe 2012:98) “due to the different ontological and epistemological beliefs of researchers belonging to different paradigms, the criteria for trustworthy, credible research can never meet everyone’s approval”, therefore, given this reality, the aim of the article is to show that another worldview exists which could help Africa out of its development quagmire. Using the theory of the coloniality of knowledge in particular, this article illustrates how the notion of increasing returns helped in the economic transformation of Spain. It will also show how countries in sub-Saharan Africa can learn from the Spanish example about the importance of adding value to its natural resources. This article argues that the full liberation and development of the continent will only come to fruition with the implementation of African-centered policies, such as increasing returns and adding value to the natural resources which we export to other parts of the world. It is through this policy that jobs can be created and poverty alleviated on the continent, which will kick-start Africa’s journey towards overall development.
DETECTION OF MOLECULAR ABSORPTION IN THE DAYSIDE OF EXOPLANET 51 PEGASI b?

In this paper, we present ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy of 51 Pegasi using CRIRES at the Very Large Telescope. The system was observed for 3 × 5 hr at 2.3 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 100,000, targeting potential signatures from carbon monoxide, water vapor, and methane in the planet's dayside spectrum. In the first 2 × 5 hr of data, we find a combined signal from carbon monoxide and water in absorption at a formal 5. 9σ confidence level, indicating a non-inverted atmosphere. We derive a planet mass of MP = (0.46 ± 0.02)MJup and an orbital inclination i between 79. °6 and 82. °2, with the upper limit set by the non-detection of the planet transit in previous photometric monitoring. However, there is no trace of the signal in the final five hours of data. A statistical analysis indicates that the signal from the first two nights is robust, but we find no compelling explanation for its absence in the final night. The latter suffers from stronger noise residuals and greater instrumental instability than the first two nights, but these cannot fully account for the missing signal. It is possible that the integrated dayside emission from 51 Peg b is instead strongly affected by weather. However, more data are required before we can claim any time variability in the planet's atmosphere.
Physical properties of tropical sandy soils : a large range of behaviours

Sandy soils are often considered as soils with physical properties that are easily defined, however they are far from being simple. This is particularly the case for sandy soils in the tropics where they are subjected to a cycle of wetting and drying associated with seasonality. In this respect small changes in composition lead to significant differences of physical properties. One of the major soil characteristics to be taken into account is the size distribution of the sand grains. If fine sand induces greater porosity, water retention and resistance to penetration than coarse sand, they exhibit lower permeability. Porosity decreases when the heterogeneity of the sand grain distribution increases leading to an increase in resistance to penetration and decreases in permeability. The presence of silt particles leads to similar consequences. Thus, silty sands are more compact than sandy soils, most silt particles occupying the voids between sand grains thereby reducing porosity and consequently permeability. Size distribution and mineralogy of silt and clay sized particles that are associated with sand grains are also responsible for variations in physical properties of tropical sandy soils. Under tropical environments, sandy soils undergo significant weathering to depth thus resulting in a mineralogy where quartz the dominant mineral in the sand and silt fraction and forms a significant proportion of the clay sized fraction. On the other hand, sandy soils can be present in the lower part of the landscape where clays or salts form during the dry season. As a consequence, sandy soils with similar particle size distribution but due to differences in mineralogy of the clay sized fraction that represents not more than a few percent of the soil mass, show very different physical properties. Finally, in sandy soils unlike other soils, the elementary fabric is easily affected by tillage practices. If greater porosity can be produced through tillage operations, the stability of these systems is very weak and compaction by wheels or other actions can in return produce a dense structure. Thus, compaction results from a variation of the structure at all scales, i.e. from the macroscopic to microscopic scales.
Antioxidant effect on the shear bond strength of composite to bleached bovine dentin

Several studies have shown that compromised bonding to bleached enamel can be reversed with antioxidants. Aim: The aim of this study was investigate the effect of the antioxidant treatment on the micro-shear bond strength of a composite resin with a clinically acceptable antioxidant usage time taken into account. Methods: Using in vitro techniques, the effect of the antioxidant sodium ascorbate (SA) was evaluated on the micro-shear bond strength of a hybrid composite resin (Tetric® A2 Ivoclar Vivadent) to dentin, which was bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Quick, Ultradent Products Inc). Thirty-five intact flat buccal dentin surfaces from bovine incisors were randomly assigned to five groups which were subjected to the following treatment protocols: group 1, bleached for 45 min and bonded immediately afterwards; groups 2 and 3, bleached and then treated with 10% SA for 10 and 5 min before bonding, respectively; group 4, stored in distilled water for seven days after bleaching and before bonding; group 5, received no bleaching or antioxidant treatment. After the bonding procedure, specimens were subjected to a micro-shear bonding test. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey’s test. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in bond strength among the five groups. Conclusions: It was found that the shear bond strength was reduced by carbamide peroxide bleaching, and that the antioxidant SA was ineffective at reversing the composite strength at the concentrations and treatment times examined.
Bone quality of laying hens fed different levels of fiber in the growth phase (7 to 17 weeks of age)

The effects of neutral detergent fiber levels (NDF) (145, 165, 185 g/kg) were assessed on the bone quality of light-weight and medium-weight laying hens. Eight hundred and forty laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two strains and three NDF levels) with four replications of 35 birds. At the end of the growth phase, birds were transferred to a laying shed in the same experimental design and each experimental plot consisted of 14 birds. For bone assessment, two birds were selected per plot in the 17th week and one bird in the 35th week for slaughter. After slaughter, drumstick and thigh (legs) were removed and after deboning of the femur and tibia, taken to measurement of their length, weight, Seedor index, resistance, deformity, dry matter, mineral residue and crude protein. The data analysis showed no significant interaction between the factors NDF level and strain for any of the variables assessed at the different phases. The NDF level in the diet did not significantly influence bone growth, quality and composition at the end of the growing and laying phases. Medium-weight birds presented larger and heavier femur and tibia, with a greater Seedor index and less deformity, ash content and protein than the light-weight birds. Resistance did not vary significantly among the strains. A diet intended for laying hens at the growth phase can contain up to 185 g/kg NDF without causing problems in bone development and quality of laying hens.