Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescribing errors by junior doctors- A comparison of errors with high risk medicines and non-high risk medicines

Introduction Prescribing errors in hospital are common. However, errors with high-risk-medicines (HRMs) have a greater propensity to cause harm compared to non-HRMs. We do not know if there are differences between the causes of errors with HRMs and non-HRMs but such knowledge might be useful in developing interventions to reduce errors and avoidable harm. Therefore, this study aims to compare and contrast junior doctors’ prescribing errors with HRMs to non-HRMs to establish any differences. Methods A secondary analysis of fifty-nine interviews with foundation year doctors, obtained from three studies, was conducted. Using a Framework Analysis approach, through NVivo software, a detailed comparison was conducted between the unsafe acts, error-causing-conditions (ECCs), latent conditions, and types of errors related to prescribing errors with HRMs and non-HRMs. Results In relation to unsafe acts, violations were described in the data with non-HRMs only. Differences in ECCs of HRMs and non-HRMs were identified and related to the complexity of prescribing HRMs, especially dosage calculations. There were also differences in the circumstances of communication failures: with HRMs ineffective communication arose with exchanges with individuals outside the immediate medical team while with non-HRMs these failures occurred with exchanges within that team. Differences were identified with the latent conditions: with non-HRMs there was a reluctance to seek seniors help and with HRMs latent conditions related to the organisational system such as the inclusion of trade names in hospital formularies. Moreover, prescribing during the on-call period was particularly challenging especially with HRMs. Conclusion From this secondary analysis, differences in the nature and type of prescribing errors with HRMs and non-HRMs were identified, although further research is needed to investigate their prevalence. As errors with HRMs have the potential to cause great harm it may be appropriate to target limited resources towards interventions that tackle the underlying causes of such errors. Equally concerning, however, was the sense that doctors regard the prescribing of non-HRMs as ‘safe’.
Defining child second language acquisition, defining roles for L2 instruction

In this chapter, ‘child’ second language acquisition is defined as distinct fromboth ‘adult’ second language acquisition and from either monolingual or simultaneous bilingual development in childhood. We argue that ‘second language acquisition’ begins at a very early age (certainly before age 3) and suggest that there is a gradual development of features that become recognised as ‘adult second language acquisition’ after approximately age 7.Using this definition, we explore both grammatical and pragmatic features of child second language development, observing how children behave in formal instructional settings where the ‘second’ language is either that of the surrounding community or of a distant community. We then explore what second language acquisition research can (not) teach us about second language instruction, especially the facilitating role that teachers can play in supporting child second language development.
Efficiency in utilizing ICT infrastructure in developing countries: a case study of the Royal Thai Police's attitudes to the adoption of an image retrieval application for eyewitness identification

One of the most important aspects of decision and policy making is the timely access to accurately and relevant information. At present the situation in some developing countries is that communication and exchange of information between the government agencies are still paper-based. It can often take weeks or months for one government agency to obtain the records it requires from another agency. The lack of communication between these agencies often results in duplication of efforts and inefficiencies. This lack of communication also means that agencies often produce more of the irrelevant albeit sophisticated information (such as the Statistics Division) than the essential information that is critical and actually needed by other agency for decision making. (World Bank report, 1998)
Comparative efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors and α-glucosidase inhibitors as add on therapy in type 2 diabetes

DM is a group of common metabolic disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia. Contributory factors leading to hyperglycemia are reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization and increased glucose production. The worldwide prevalence of DM has risen drastically over the past two decades, from an estimated 30 million cases in 1985 to 382 million in 2013. Based on current trends, the International Diabetes Federation projects that 592 million individuals will have diabetes by the year 2035. Although the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 DM is increasing worldwide, the prevalence of type 2 DM is rising much more rapidly, presumably because of increasing obesity and reduced physical activity.
Prosody in lexical and syntactic disambiguation in English-French interlanguage

This dissertation examines the interpretive response to prosody by beginning and intermediate classroom learners of French. Most research on second language (L2) sentence processing (the mechanisms involved in interpreting sentences) have largely concentrated on the importance of syntactic, lexical, thematic and contextual information. Very few studies have considered prosodic information; those that have been done in this area have shown some L2 interpretive response to prosody, but not by all learners or in all cases. This study was designed to explore whether all learners can respond to prosody for interpretation under the right circumstances and what factors affect how prosody influences final L2 interpretation. Experiments tested a lexical ambiguity involving word boundaries and three structural ambiguities involving a single adjective, a prepositional phrase, or a relative clause which could modify one of two different elements in the sentence depending on interpretation. Experimental sentences were recorded with two distinct prosodies, each with a specific phrasing intended to favor one of the two possible interpretations. Participants performed two types of auditory tasks which indicated whether they accepted the sentence they heard as congruous with a given interpretation and which interpretation they preferred for the sentence. All learners clearly responded to prosody for lexical disambiguation. Of the structural ambiguities, learners demonstrated the greatest response to prosody with adjectives and the least with relative clauses. This is indicative that greater complexity reduces demonstrated interpretive response to prosody. In addition, syntax appeared to play an important role in which interpretations were most influenced by prosody.
TG based 2T2M RRAM using Memristor as Memory Element

Objective: This article presents a transmission gate based novel 2T2M RRAM using memristor as memory element. Method/Analysis: Simulation results of critical design metrics of proposed 2T2M RRAM cell and conventional SRAM cell are compared. Findings: The proposed 2T2M RRAM cell achieves 1.35 × lower read delays at the expense of 1.02 ×higher write delay than conventional 6T SRAM cell at nominal V dd . Moreover, being non-volatile it is more power efficient and also saves at least 50% of area. Novelty/Improvement: It is more power efficient and saves 50% of area. Further, being differential in nature, proposed cell is more immune to PVT variation during read operation.
O fenômeno da monotongação no português Tapuio

O fenomeno da monotongacao se caracteriza pelo apagamento dos glides [j] e [w], em ditongos orais, e pela desnasalizacao [O], em ditongos nasais, decorrente do apagamento do segmento nasal [+nasal]. Estudos preliminares acerca do fenomeno da monotongacao no portugues brasileiro revelaram que sua ocorrencia e determinada pelo contexto linguistico: a monotongacao e um fenomeno que se restringe aos ditongos decrescentes, fracos ou verdadeiros, ou seja, aqueles em que o glide esta na posicao de coda da silaba. Trata-se de um fenomeno de alta ocorrencia no Portugues falado. Nossa pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso que buscou investigar e descrever a ocorrencia desse fenomeno como caracteristica da variante do portugues brasileiro como lingua indigena na comunidade Tapuia do Carretao (GO), grupo indigena formado pelo resultado de um processo de miscigenacao de cinco nacoes indigenas (Xavante, Xerente, Javae, Kaiapo do Sul e Karaja) mais nao-indigenas (negros e brancos), bem como a visao que os falantes tem de seu vernaculo. Este trabalho mostrou-nos que a monotongacao e mesmo de ocorrencia maior em ditongos decrescentes, mas nao se limita a eles. Notamos ocorrencias desse fenomeno em ditongos crescentes, ou seja, quando o glide ocupa a posicao de ataque da silaba. Isso refuta, no portugues Tapuio, a existencia de ditongos leves e pesados, uma vez que todos sao passiveis de ocorrencia de monotongacao. Referendamos tambem que a monotongacao e influenciada por fatores sociais, e por meio de estudo de redes, baseado em Milroy (1980), Bortoni-Ricardo (1985, 2005) e Rezende Santos (2008), referendamos que falantes de rede insulada tendem a manter o vernaculo. Nossos estudos revelaram, ademais, que, nessa comunidade, a valorizacao da forma monotongada se estendeu a todas as redes, sinalizando o consenso entre os falantes acerca da valorizacao dessa caracteristica. O uso consciente da forma monotongada mostrounos que os Tapuio reconhecem que essa variante do portugues brasileiro pode ser sim a sua lingua indigena, e que a monotongacao e uma caracteristica marcante desse portugues Tapuio
Signaling Instructional Video for Mathematics

SIGNALING INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO FOR MATHEMATICS Kimberly W. Milner Old Dominion University, 2015 Director: Dr. Gary R. Morrison Video provides an increasingly valuable medium for delivery of instruction in a growing number of content areas. Growth of online instructional applications has been prompted by expansion of the Internet and video streaming technology, adding to the need for design practices that produce more effective and efficient instructional videos. This study examined the use of signaling for multimedia to reduce cognitive overload and increase mental effort when learning mathematical concepts and procedures from instructional video. Signaling addresses the issue o f directing the learner's attention by using visual or verbal cues that stress importance and organization (Mayer. 2009). Effectively signaled instructional videos could improve student learning by encouraging schema formation through increased mental effort, directed attention, and reduced cognitive load. Adding to the literature on signaling multimedia, signals were divided into categories of visual and verbal to investigate their individual value to the medium of instructional video. Results of this study indicated that visual signaling provided a greater benefit to students learning mathematics from instructional video than verbal signaling. Specifically, test performance was improved when visual signals were included in video instruction, both with and without the use o f verbal signals. Retention of knowledge, however, showed improvement when visual signaling was present, but not when visual and verbal signals were combined. There was also an increase found in the learner's perception of their performance indicating improved self-efficacy when visual signaling was employed, along with a decrease in frustration with the learning task. Mental demand, or cognitive load, reported by the learner, lessened with the application o f visual signals, both with and without verbal signaling. Finally, learner interest in the instructional video showed a marked improvement with the addition of visual signals to the presentation.
peter senge and the learning organization

contents: introduction | peter senge | the learning organization | systems thinking – the cornerstone of the learning organization | the core disciplines | leading the learning organization | issues and problems | conclusion | further reading and references | links Peter M. Senge (1947- ) was named a Peter Senge’s vision of a learning organization as a group of people who are continually enhancing their capabilities to create what they want to create has been deeply influential. We discuss the five disciplines he sees as central to learning organizations and some issues and questions concerning the theory and practice of learning organizations.
The Effect of the Type Visualizing—on the Presentation Strategy of the Computer-Based Multimedia Learning—and the Learning Style toward the Student's Ability in Applying Concept and Procedure of

This research aims to investigate the effect of the type visualizing—on the presentation strategy of the computer-based multimedia learning—and the learning style toward the student’s ability in applying concept and procedure of object-oriented modelling. The type visualizing on the presentation strategy as an independent variabel includes 2 treatments, static visualization and animation visualization. The student’s learning style (visual and verbal) act as a moderator variabel. The instructional strategy on the multimedia learning follows Merrill (Component Display Theory) and the multimedia presentation format follows Mayer and Moreno (Seven Principles of Multimedia Learning). Learning with computer-based multimedia was conducted in the class with the research subject was the students of STMIK-STIKOM Bali who were in their fourth semester in the year 2011/2012. The experiment design used MANOVA factorial 2x2 design with the samples of 164 students spreaded in 6 different classes. Based on the data analysing, it is concluded that the student’s learning results (their ability to apply the object-oriented modelling concept and procedure) of a group of students who received learning by computerbased multimedia using animation visualization presentation were more superior rather than group of students with the static visualization presentation, anything the student’s learning style (visual/verbal).
Goals in teaching English pronunciation.

Jennifer Jenkins’s book The Phonology of English as an International Language has stimulated a welcome discussion of our goals in teaching English pronunciation. But her proposed Lingua Franca Core (LFC) is, to say the least, controversial. The easy way out would be to regard pronunciation teaching as unimportant. We could treat EIL as a written code, and allow learners to stick with their L pronunciation habits. Furthermore, we might allow English to be pronounced as it is spelled. There are plenty of EIL users who indeed treat it more or less in this way. And yet — in grammar, would we be happy for learners to ignore everything that is difficult ( the definite article, number, aspect, phrasal verbs)? In vocabulary, should we allow confusion of come and go, bring and take, or ignore the problem of such false friends as actual and eventual? If not, then our pronunciation model, too, must be based on that of native speakers. The Jenkins LFC permits deviations from existing standard practice — e.g. the substitution of [t] or [s] for [ ], or inappropriate word stress — that evoke the worst negative stereotypes. (Like spelling mistakes, they are seen as uneducated.) But on the other hand it insists on many pronunciation features that constitute a real difficulty for one group or another of L2 learners. These include the consonant oppositions /b-v, r-l, p-f, s, s-z, t -d , j-d / and the vowel opposition /i /. Confusion of /e-ae, ae, / is implicitly condoned, but substitutions for / / are not allowed. (Why should Poles be favoured over Africans in this way? ) Consonant clusters are still required, although if they cannot be achieved epenthesis is preferred over omission. In intonation, Jenkins’s insistence on the importance of nucleus placement (tonicity) is welcome. Nevertheless, there are many speakers of EIL who ignore it entirely. As pronunciation teachers we must concentrate on those matters which most impede comprehension and intelligibility. We must inculcate fluency and confidence. We should exploit the findings of contrastive analysis. And we should not neglect the need to interact with native speakers.
Using object oriented technologies in factory automation

This paper discusses the use of OO technologies, in particular the use of Unified Modelling Language (UML) in factory automation. The authors have proposed an architecture to access remotely industrial plants. This papers focuses in the so-called virtual plant model, that contains the information of the plant that is remotely accessible. In order to show the use of UML class diagrams, the virtual plant model of simple manufacturing cell is developed. The remote actions are grouped in user profiles and from them the class diagrams that form the virtual plant are designed. The virtual plant model is contained in the application server that acts as a middleware between the plant and the remote users. Although these classes have been identified for a very simple case study, they may be extended and enriched according to the needs of new applications.
Sensory Attributes of Namakkal Quail-1 Meat

To improve the meat quality of Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ), a new strain was developed by Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University named “Namakkal quail-1”. The purpose of the study is to know the sensory quality of the Namakkal quail-1. 24 Birds including 12 males and 12 females of 4 th and 6 th week birds were procured from Poultry farm Complex of Department of Poultry Science, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal and slaughtered as per the standard slaughter procedures after 4 hours of resting interval at the Department of Livestock Products Technology (Meat Science), Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal. The sensory properties like colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability were estimated. Analysis of variance showed that age and sexes of the birds no significant effect on colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability of meat. But Namakkal quail-1 meat score higher than Japanese quail, Chicken, Duck and Geese meat in 9 point hedonic scale. It is concluded that Namakkal quail-1 meat is tastier than other poultry meat.
The Effectiveness of "Open Court" on Improving the Reading Achievement of Economically-Disadvantaged Children.

This study compares average SAT 9 reading scores of second through fifth grade English-only children in schools using "Open Court" (a program for teaching young children to read) with the scores of comparable schools using non-scripted programs in one very large urban school district in California. Findings show that schools using "Open Court" are significantly more likely to be in the bottom quartile than comparable schools using non-scripted programs. Findings suggest that "Open Court" limits what children are able to achieve in literacy relative to what they are able to achieve via many other programs. (Contains 20 references and 4 tables of data.) (RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The Effectiveness of "Open Court" on Improving the Reading Achievement of Economically-Disadvantaged Children By Margaret Moustafa and Robert Land Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council of Teachers of English (91st, Baltimore, MD, November 15-20, 2001) PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ba R. Lar4 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. tr) 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. cr 1-4 CZ) Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent C/D official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY AVAILABLE The Effectiveness of Open Court on Improving the Reading Achievement of Economically-Disadvantaged Children Margaret Moustafa and Robert Land California State University Los Angeles This study compares average SAT 9 reading scores of second through fifth grade English-only children in schools using Open Court with the scores of comparable schools using non-scripted programs in one very large urban school district. Findings show that schools using Open Court are significantly more likely to be in the bottom quartile than comparable schools using non-
Teaching practical science with information technology : the potential of data-logging examined through case study

The article describes some observations of novice students during a data-logging activity and ' draws on recent relevant research. It discusses aspects of students’ talk about real-time graphs . and reports some of their perceptions of using IT in science. These observations suggest that such talk may help to develop students' appreciation of the meaning in their data and their skills in ' communicating about it. The issues raised can help teachers plan approaches to data-logging activities that exploit these benefits. in c reas in g in te res t in te a c h e rs ’ m anagem en t of students’ learning, rather than in matters o f a more technical nature. Issues relating to the design and p re se n ta tio n o f a c tiv it ie s th a t e x p lo it the new technologies, the contexts in which they are set, and the ways in which these can encourage studen ts’ collaborative activity, are receiving more attention (M ercer, 1994). R ese arc h has a lso sh o w n th a t d a ta -lo g g in g techniques can save a significant proportion o f lesson tim e b e ca u se o f the re la tiv e ease w ith w hich experim ental data is captured and presented (Rogers and W ild, 1996). The question arises o f what use students can make o f this time-bonus. Experiments can be readily repeated, generating more data for analysis for example; or students can manipulate the parameters o f ex p erim en ts and re-run them , a llow ing more investigative styles o f working. These decisions are usually under the control o f teachers, and students may need some encouragem ent or training to feel confident in taking on this responsibility. Teachers may also need to be prepared to cede more control to students, to foster a more investigative approach. , ■ 5rt . --if-. V 7 . ^ ? v •«*. _ Interactions in IT settings T h e in te ra c tio n s b e tw een p a r tic ip a n ts have an add itional d im en sio n in IT -based work. Typical laboratory interactions can still be seen; however, in da ta -logg ing activ ities the com puter becom es an additional player. The computer can fulfil various roles in the group setting: as inform ation provider; as a ‘respondent’ to questions asked of data; as an arbiter o f disputes. Students and teachers can interact with the output from the com puter and respond to it with School Science Review, December 1997, 79(287) 49