Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of each neutral oligosaccharide in the milk of Japanese women during the course of lactation

Using reverse-phase HPLC after pyridylamination, we quantified the concentrations of major neutral oligosaccharides in the milk of sixteen Japanese women collected at 4, 10, 30 and 100 d postpartum. In colostrum and mature milk (30 d lactation), lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was the most abundant oligosaccharide, followed by 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) + lacto-N-difucotetraose (LNDFT), LNFP II + lacto-N-difucohexaose II (LNDFH II), and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL). Together these accounted for 73 % of the total weight of neutral oligosaccharides in colostrum and mature milk. Changes in concentration occurred during the course of lactation. LNFP I and 2′-FL + LNDFT increased from 4 to 10 d postpartum, and then declined by 100 d. LNFP II + LNDFH II steadily increased during the first 30 d and then declined. In contrast, 3-FL increased steadily throughout the entire 100 d of study. Large differences were observed between our data and previously published data in Italian women, in terms of both the concentration and temporal changes of each oligosaccharide. These differences may be caused by different assay methodology, although racial differences cannot be ruled out.
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: During the last quarter of a century continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with external portable insulin pumps has been increasingly used in selected type 1 diabetic subjects and also in some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin pumps has become more and more popular and accepted by diabetic patients as well as by medical professionals worldwide. Published trials have shown that, in most patients, mean blood glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentages are either slightly lower or similar on CSII versus an optimized therapy with multiple daily insulin injections. Hypoglycemic episodes seem to be less frequent and ketoacidoses occur at a comparable rate to that during intensive injection therapy. Moreover, nocturnal glycemic control can be improved with insulin pumps, and automatic basal rate changes help to minimize a prebreakfast blood glucose increase (often called ‘the dawn phenomenon’). For many patients, CSII provides greater flexibility in timing of meals with the result of better quality of life and higher treatment satisfaction. However, despite these promising data, and although many patients with diabetes mellitus with well‐defined clinical problems are likely to benefit substantially from CSII, either in respect to glycemic control, acute complications or quality of life and treatment satisfaction, we are still far away from reaching ‘dream diabetes management’, the fully automatic closed‐loop system. Presently, the most difficult problem concerns not the design of an ‘optimal’ insulin pump, but rather the development of a system which is able to provide continuous and reliable blood glucose monitoring. Hence, because this problem has not been solved with maximum satisfaction, the development of a feedback‐controlled ‘artificial pancreas’ is one of the main goals in diabetes management in the new millennium.
Significance of pleural effusion in neuroblastoma

Pleural effusion is uncommon at diagnosis of neuroblastoma in children. Because the presence of malignant cells in pleural fluid may significantly change the management and outcome of patients with neuroblastoma, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of neuroblastoma patients who presented with pleural effusion at the time of diagnosis to determine the incidence, presentation, stage, treatment, and outcome of these patients.
History of Acid Suppression: Focus on the Hospital Setting

In the hospital setting, prophylactic acid suppression is an important part of care for many critically ill patients. It may also prevent rebleeding in patients admitted with acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Effective treatments for these conditions stemmed from our increased understanding of the gastric acid secretory pathway and target pH values. The late 1970s saw the introduction of histamine2‐receptor antagonists (H2RAs), which partially suppress basal and meal‐stimulated acid secretion. Some of these agents can induce an intragastric pH greater than 3, lasting for approximately 10 hours/day when given twice/day at recommended doses. This level of acid suppression can facilitate healing of duodenal ulcers but has limited efficacy for other indications (e.g., gastrointestinal bleed). In the late 1980s a more potent class of acid‐suppressing agents was developed, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The PPIs can induce an intragastric pH above 3 lasting for approximately 17 hours/day, and an intragastric pH above 5 for approximately 9 hours/day after once‐daily oral administration of recommended doses. It is possible to attain even higher target pH values with large doses and with continuous intravenous infusion. Thus, PPIs are agents of choice for treatment of many acid‐related disorders including peptic ulcer disease and moderate‐to‐severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, and for prevention of rebleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Availability of an intravenous formulation, pantoprazole, enables hospitalized patients for whom oral administration is not feasible to benefit from the superior potency of PPIs. Preliminary data suggest that intravenous PPIs may be more effective than H2RA prophylaxis against stress‐related ulcer bleeding for intensive care patients and should facilitate healing in those with bleeding ulcers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Management Earnings Forecasts as a Performance Target in Executive Compensation Contracts

This article investigates whether and how Japanese firms use management earnings forecasts as a performance target for determining executive cash compensation. Consistent with the implications of the agency theory, we find that the sensitivity of executive cash compensation varies with the extent to which realized earnings exceed initial management forecasts. In particular, we find that the executive cash compensation is positively related to management forecast error (MFE) for a sample of Japanese firms comprising 15,941 firm-year observations from 2005 to 2013. Moreover, we show that the relationship between executive cash compensation and MFE strengthens (weakens) when current realized earnings exceed (fall short of) aggressive initial forecasts. In additional analysis, we find that pay-for-performance sensitivity is weaker for extremely positive MFEs due to the ceiling on total cash compensation. Overall, we find that initial management forecasts can be used as a performance target in executive compensation contracts. These findings also suggest that management earnings forecasts are important for improving contract efficiency as well as for providing useful information to investors in the capital market.
Time series and beyond: multifaceted plankton research at a marine Mediterranean LTER site

Plankton are a pivotal component of the diversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems. A long time-series of observations is the best tool to trace their patterns and variability over multiple scales, ultimately providing a sound foundation for assessing, modelling and predicting the effects of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes on pelagic communities. At the same time, a long time-series constitutes a formidable asset for different kinds of research on specific questions that emerge from the observations, whereby the results of these complementary studies provide precious interpretative tools that augment the informative value of the data collected. In this paper, we review more than 140 studies that have been developed around a Mediterranean plankton time series gathered in the Gulf of Naples at the station LTER-MC since 1984. These studies have addressed different topics concerning marine plankton, which have included: i) seasonal patterns and trends; ii) taxonomic diversity, with a focus on key or harmful algal species and the discovery of many new taxa; iii) molecular diversity of selected species, groups of species or the whole planktonic community; iv) life cycles of several phyto- and zooplankton species; and v) interactions among species through trophic relationships, parasites and viruses. Overall, the products of this research demonstrate the great value of time series besides the record of fluctuations and trends, and highlight their primary role in the development of the scientific knowledge of plankton much beyond the local scale.
Beyond Gravity: The Composition of Multilateral Trade Flows

I develop a novel view of comparative advantage that collectively explains (i) the effect of distance and GDP per capita on the price composition of trade, and (ii) the systematically higher trade-to-GDP ratio of rich countries. There are two types of goods, which offer different scopes for product differentiation. In equilibrium, rich and remote countries have (endogenously determined) comparative advantage in the highly-differentiated type, whereas poor countries have comparative advantage in the less-differentiated type. I combine the new channel of comparative advantage with National Product Differentiation to construct a unified model of trade. The unified model extends beyond standard gravity models as it characterizes both the volume and the product composition of foreign trade. Remarkably, in the unified model, despite homothetic preferences rich and poor countries have systematically different consumption structures, and iceberg (ad-valorem) trade costs distort the price composition of exports across space. I estimate the unified model using bilateral trade data on 100 countries and compare it to a special case, which delivers the standard gravity equation. The unified model fits the data significantly better than the standard gravity model. The estimated gains from trade are substantially larger than the standard model, and more unequally distributed across nations. Importantly, when accounting for the role of composition, further liberalization of trade systematically favors poor and remote countries.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending tertiary care teaching hospital

Introduction: One of the causes for adverse perinatal outcome is asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 205 urine specimens were collected by clean catch method from pregnant women attending Vinayaka Missions Medical College and Hospital, to screen asymptomatic bacteriuria. Collected urine samples were sent to microbiology laboratory and subjected to standard microbiological procedures to identify the pathogen. Results: Out of 205 midstream urine specimens, 21 samples yielded significant bacterial growth and accounted for 10% asymptomatic bacteriuria. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was predominantly found between the age group of 18-25 years (52.38%). Significant bacterial growth was found in the specimens collected during three trimesters. Predominantly growth was seen from the urine specimens collected during second 8 (38.10%) and third trimester 8 (38.10%). Escherichia coli was the predominant bacteria isolated and accounted for 33.33%. Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective towards Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: In our study, prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriura among pregnant women was 10%. Predominantly isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli. Among commonly used antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections, Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective drug. Keywords: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Escherichia coli, Nitrofurantoin.
Walking on the Image Trail: Uncovering the Past and Predicting the Future

Predicting the temporal evolution of images is an interesting problem that has applications in surveillance, content recommendation and behavioral analysis. Given a single image or a stream of images with timestamps, the goal of this work is to predict possible images that could appear at different time instances in the future. We propose a data-driven Riemannian shape theoretic approach for this problem, which analyzes the space of temporal evolution patterns in training image streams, and performs statistics on this shape space to facilitate future image prediction. We consider both discriminative and generative statistical techniques on the shape space, to accommodate cases where the training and test data may or may not have an associated class/topic label, and report improved prediction results on two previously studied image prediction datasets. We also provide complimentary results on predicting images in the past, for time instances before the training data was acquired, and empirically analyze how the prediction accuracy varies over time.
MADAM: Effective and Efficient Behavior-based Android Malware Detection and Prevention

Android users are constantly threatened by an increasing number of malicious applications (apps), generically called malware. Malware constitutes a serious threat to user privacy, money, device and file integrity. In this paper we note that, by studying their actions, we can classify malware into a small number of behavioral classes, each of which performs a limited set of misbehaviors that characterize them. These misbehaviors can be defined by monitoring features belonging to different Android levels. In this paper we present MADAM, a novel host-based malware detection system for Android devices which simultaneously analyzes and correlates features at four levels: kernel, application, user and package, to detect and stop malicious behaviors. MADAM has been specifically designed to take into account those behaviors that are characteristics of almost every real malware which can be found in the wild. MADAM detects and effectively blocks more than 96 percent of malicious apps, which come from three large datasets with about 2,800 apps, by exploiting the cooperation of two parallel classifiers and a behavioral signature-based detector. Extensive experiments, which also includes the analysis of a testbed of 9,804 genuine apps, have been conducted to show the low false alarm rate, the negligible performance overhead and limited battery consumption.
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) as a potential target for inhibiting metastasis of triple-negative breast cancers

SLPI has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of certain cancers. However, the effects of SLPI seem to be tumor-specific and the mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that highly metastatic, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) 4T1 cells secreted more SLPI compared to their non-metastatic counterparts. Furthermore, SLPI secretion directly correlated with spontaneous lung metastasis from 4T1 tumors orthotopically implanted in mice. Consistent with our experimental results, we also found that higher SLPI expression levels correlate with worse clinical outcome in basal/TNBC patients. Using high-throughput screening we identified a novel compound, C74, which significantly inhibits SLPI secretion. C74 administration in our mouse model slows the growth of primary 4T1 tumors and inhibits their dissemination to the lung. We also discovered that SLPI physically interacts with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and releases FoxM1 from the Rb-FoxM1 complex, which may activate FoxM1 target genes involved in breast cancer metastasis.
Predicting factors of successful recovery from lumbar spine surgery among workers' compensation patients

It is commonly believed that patients who are compensated for a work-related injury have less incentive to return to work. This study evaluated how various factors affected the outcomes of lumbar spine surgery in terms of pain relief, functional status, return to work, and general health. Eighty-seven workers' compensation patients had spinal fusion or microdiskectomy. Subjects were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using the Oswestry disability scale and the Visual Analog Scale for Pain. The type of surgery performed significantly affected patient outcomes, while such factors as gender, age, smoking, and litigation were insignificant. Microdiskectomy patients, for example, had greater reduction in pain and disability than did fusion patients (P < .01). Return-to-work status was negatively affected by fusion (P < .01). Overall, 55% of patients did return to work in some capacity, but the rate was 72% for microdiskectomy patients versus 43% for fusion patients. While outcomes significantly improved, postoperative scores remained severe. This did not correlate with return-to-work rates, suggesting that outcomes measures may not be effective.
Prognostic implications of the expression of erbB2, topoisomerase II alpha and thymidylate synthase in metastatic gastric cancer after fluorouracil-based therapy.

OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to ascertain the expression of erbB2 in relation to topoisomerase II alpha (T2 alpha) and thymidylate synthase (TS) markers in 30 consecutive metastatic gastric cancer patients with a specimen available for study. METHODS All patients had been entered on consecutive chemotherapeutic clinical trials that were all 5-fluorouracil based. The specimens were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization to ascertain erbB2 and T2 alpha gene amplification, and by immunohistochemical staining for T2 alpha and TS protein expression. RESULTS erbB2 amplification was detected in 16.7% of specimens, with co-amplification of the T2 alpha gene in 40%, and 44% had undetectable TS protein expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed significantly prolonged overall survival in patients with erbB2 and T2 alpha gene amplification, T2 alpha protein overexpression and absence of TS protein expression (P = 0.0011, P = 0.0048, P = 0.0061 and P = 0.0267, respectively, by log rank test). There was a positive correlation between erbB2 amplification and T2 alpha amplification, T2 alpha protein overexpression, and a trend towards absence of TS expression (P = 0.0001, P = 0.003 and P = 0.066 by Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION High dose fluorouracil/leucovorin-based chemotherapy may have the potential to reverse the adverse effects resulting from erbB2 gene amplification in gastric cancer.
LEXICAL ERROR IN WRITING ENGLISH WORDS MADE BY STUDENTS OF THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The objectives of the research are to find out: The lexical error in writing English noun made by the eighth-grade students of SMP Unismuh Makassar. The lexical error in writing English adjective made by the eighth-grade students of SMP Unismuh Makassar. What lexical error in writing English verb is made by the eighth-grade students of SMP Unismuh Makassar . The result of this research gives information caused by the lexical error of the student’s ability in writing English noun and adjective especially. For the teacher: the result of this research can be a knowledge and references to all teacher why their students have low ability in writing vocabulary, and also find out the solution so that can create students whose more quality. For students: make students realize their mistake in learning vocabulary, and they can repair their mistake by changes their way in study vocabulary. For researcher: it can be known and references for researcher about the cause of lexical error in writing English words, it also becomes a description of some problem that faces in the school especially to students. Moreover, it can make research have more knowledge how to be a good teacher in the next future. Keyword: Lexical, writing, Junior high school, vocabulary, error
THE EFFECTIVE SIZE OF A HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POPULATION

A knowledge of the effective size of a population (Ne) is important in understanding its current and future evolutionary potential. Unfortunately, the effective size of a hierarchically structured population is not, in general, equal to the sum of its parts. In particular, the inbreeding structure has a major influence on Ne. Here I link Ne to Wright's hierarchical measures of inbreeding, FIS and FST, for an island‐structured population (or metapopulation) of size NT. The influence of FST depends strongly on the degree to which island productivity is regulated. In the absence of local regulation (the interdemic model), interdemic genetic drift reduces Ne. When such drift is combined with local inbreeding under otherwise ideal conditions, the effects of FIS and FST are identical: increasing inbreeding either within or between islands reduces Ne, with Ne = NT/[(1 + FIS)(1 + FST) − 2FISFST]. However, if islands are all equally productive because of local density regulation (the traditional island model), then Ne = NT/[(1 + FIS)(1 –FST)] and the effect of FST is reversed. Under the interdemic model, random variation in the habitat quality (and hence productivity) of islands act to markedly decrease Ne. This variation has no effect under the island model because, by definition, all islands are equally productive. Even when no permanent island structure exists, spatial differences in habitat quality can significantly increase the overall variance in reproductive success of both males and females and hence lower Ne. Each of these basic results holds when other nonideal factors are added to the model. These factors, deviations from a 1:1 sex ratio, greater than Poisson variance in female reproductive success, and variation in male mating success due to polygynous mating systems, all act to lower Ne. The effects of male and female variance on Ne have important differences because only females affect island productivity. Finally, it is noted that to use these relationships, FIS and FST must be estimated according to Wright's definition (and corrected to have a zero expectation under the null model). A commonly used partitioning (θ, θg) can be biased if either island size or the number of islands is small.
Medication adherence: a key factor in achieving blood pressure control and good clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients

Purpose of review Patients’ adherence to antihypertensive drug regimens is a complex but important factor in achieving blood pressure control and reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Approximately one half of patients with hypertension adhere to prescribed medications, and fewer than one in three patients have controlled blood pressure. Recent findings Several recent studies have highlighted the importance of patient medication adherence and have outlined factors that affect patient compliance with prescribed therapy. Summary On the basis of published studies, a conceptual framework of factors that affect patient adherence is presented. Recognizing patient nonadherence to medical therapy as a factor leading to poor blood pressure control and adverse outcomes remains a key challenge for clinicians caring for patients with hypertension.