Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical autoinduction in Ralstonia solanacearum: control of acyl-homoserine lactone production by a novel autoregulatory system responsive to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester

Bacteria employ autoinduction systems to sense the onset of appropriate cell density for expression of developmental genes. In many gram-negative bacteria, autoinduction involves the production of and response to diffusible acylated-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) and is mediated by members of the LuxR and LuxI families. Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum, a phytopathogenic bacterium that appears to autoregulate its virulence genes, produces compounds that promote expression of several heterologous acyl-HSL-responsive reporter gene constructs. High-pressure liquid chromatography of highly concentrated ethyl acetate extracts revealed that culture supernatants of strain AW1 contained two compounds with retention times similar to N-hexanoyl- and N-octanoyl-HSL. To investigate the role of these acyl-HSLs in R. solanacearum virulence gene expression, transposon mutants that were deficient for inducing an acyl-HSL-responsive reporter in Agrobacterium tumefaciens were generated. Three loci involved in normal acyl-HSL production were identified, one of which was shown to contain the divergently transcribed solR and solI genes, the luxR and luxI homologs, respectively. A 4.1-kb fragment containing solR and solI enabled all of the mutants (regardless of the locus inactivated) and a naturally acyl-HSL-defective strain of R. solanacearum to produce acyl-HSLs. Inactivation of solI abolished production of all detectable acyl-HSLs but affected neither the expression of virulence genes in culture nor the ability to wilt tomato plants. AW1 has a functional autoinduction system, because (i) expression of solI required SolR and acyl-HSL and (ii) expression of a gene linked to solR and solI, designated aidA, was acyl-HSL dependent. Because AidA has no homologs in the protein databases, its discovery provided no clues as to the role of acyl-HSLs in R. solanacearum gene regulation. However, expression of solR and solI required the global LysR-type virulence regulator PhcA, and both solR and solI exhibited a cell density-associated pattern of expression similar to other PhcA-regulated genes. The acyl-HSL-dependent autoinduction system in R. solanacearum is part of a more complex autoregulatory hierarchy, since the transcriptional activity of PhcA is itself controlled by a novel autoregulatory system that responds to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester.
Entropy-based Evaluation of Context Models for Wavelet-transformed Images

Entropy is a measure of a message uncertainty. Among others aspects, it serves to determine the minimum coding rate that practical systems may attain. This work defines an entropy-based measure to evaluate context models employed in wavelet-based image coding. The proposed measure is defined considering the mechanisms utilized by modern coding systems. It establishes the maximum performance achievable with each context model. This helps to determine the adequateness of the model under different coding conditions, and serves to predict with high precision the coding rate achieved by practical systems. Experimental results evaluate four well-known context models using different types of images, coding rates, and transform strategies. They reveal that, under specific coding conditions, some widely-spread context models may not be as adequate as it is generally thought. The hints provided by this analysis may help to design simpler and more efficient wavelet-based image codecs.
[Social and familial determinants of anxiety and depressive symptoms in middle to low income women].

BACKGROUND Among women, risk factors for mental disorders are violence, economical inequities and disadvantages and discrimination. AIM To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in women and to determine factors associated with them. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional study of a probabilistic sample of 422 women aged 34 years as a mean, living in a medium to low income neighborhood in Temuco, Chile. Mental health was assessed with the self reporting questionnaire (SRQ20), partner violence was evaluated using a 12 item scale and family conflict and violence was evaluated using the Conflicts Tactics scale. A logistic repression analysis was used to identify factors associated with mental health alterations. RESULTS Forty one percent of women had anxiety or depressive symptoms. The main associated factors with these symptoms were severe physical violence against children (odds ratio (OR)=14.3), sexual violence against women (OR=9.7), self perception of health (OR=4.5), alcohol abuse (OR=4.4), psychological violence during childhood (OR=3.2) and lack of family support network (OR=2.7). Unemployment and lack of a support network of relatives had an OR 3.3 for mental health alterations. The OR for psychological violence plus sexual violence was 18.5. The figure for psychological violence plus sexual violence plus a history of parental violence during childhood was 26.5. CONCLUSIONS Forty one percent of this group of women had mental health alterations. There is a strong association between these alterations, family violence and socioeconomic factors.
Physostigmine Prevents Postanesthetic Shivering As Does Meperidine or Clonidine

Background Postanesthetic shivering develops in as many as one half of patients recovering from isoflurane anesthesia. Cholinergic stimulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and adrenal medulla by physostigmine enhances secretion of arginine vasopressin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Because the hypothalamus is the dominant thermoregulatory controller in mammals, and these neurotransmitters may be involved in body temperature control, physostigmine administration may influence the incidence of shivering. Accordingly, the authors tested the hypothesis that physostigmine administration inhibits postanesthetic shivering. Its efficacy was compared with that of saline (negative control) and meperidine and clonidine (positive controls). Methods Sixty patients having surgery of the ear or nose were tested. General anesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg propofol, 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium, and 1.5 micro gram/kg fentanyl and maintained with isoflurane (1.5 +/‐ 0.4%) in 70% nitrous oxide. At the end of surgery, the patients were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous bolus of 0.04 mg/kg physostigmine, isotonic saline, 0.5 mg/kg meperidine, or 1.5 micro gram/kg clonidine. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, visual analog pain score, temperature, and postanesthetic shivering were measured during recovery. Results Postanesthetic shivering occurred in 6 of 15 (40%) patients given saline. In contrast, postanesthetic shivering was significantly reduced in physostigmine‐treated patients (1 of 15, or 7%) and was absent in patients given clonidine or meperidine. Conclusions Physostigmine inhibited shivering as well as did two established treatments, meperidine and clonidine. These data suggest that cholinergic systems contribute to the genesis and control of postanesthetic shivering.
Compact Switched-Beam Antenna Employing a Four-Element Slot Antenna Array for Digital Home Applications

In this paper a compact switched-beam antenna is proposed. The antenna is composed of a four-element antenna array based on L-shaped quarter-wavelength slot antenna elements. Such an antenna element is a planar structure and presents a directional radiation pattern in the azimuth plane. Its maximum radiation direction is toward near the direction of the open end of the slot. As a result, the open ends of the four slot antennas are arranged toward 0, pi/2, pi, and 3pi/2 , respectively. The statuses of these antennas are controlled by some diodes. Consequently, by carefully controlling the diodes, an antenna with several switchable patterns can be achieved. To prove the concept, a 2.4-2.5 GHz switched-beam antenna for WLAN applications is designed and implemented. Its size is 52 mm in square. The antenna possesses eight directional patterns and many nearly omnidirectional patterns in the azimuth plane. The experiment results fully demonstrate the performance of the proposed design. The envelope correlations and the characteristics of the designed antenna are also discussed. Due to the compact size and low manufacture cost, such a design can be a promising solution for digital home applications to overcome multipath problems and increase the transmission data rate.
Effect of connectivity and bistability on the visual potentials evoked by illusory figures

The present study aimed at testing functional hypotheses regarding two brain potentials elicited by illusory figures. Accordingly, the N1 potential indexes mechanisms connecting the separate parts of the illusory form, whereas a subsequent negative potential indexes compensatory processes triggered by perceptual difficulty. Here, perceptual difficulty was induced by bistability; that is, by equating the probability of perceiving the illusory form to that of perceiving the independent separate parts. We compared the brain potentials evoked by a strongly connected illusory square, with almost no bistability, with those evoked by a weakly connected illusory square presenting strong bistability. Consistent with our hypotheses, the latter figure evoked the smallest N1 and a larger negative component peaking at 360 ms (N360). These results strengthen the link between N1 and connection and between negativity to perceptual difficulty and perceptual difficulty.
Improvement of Aerosol Retrieval and Resolution using a refined Surface Albedo Model based on Simultaneous MODIS and Sunphotometer Measurements

In this paper, we focus on the use of simultaneous MODIS and AERONET sky radiometer data to regionally refine the surface albedo models and improve on the current MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) over land operational product. In particular, we show that for urban scenes, the correlation coefficient assumption between the VIS and MIR channels used in the MODIS Collection (5) model for surface reflection parameterization are underestimated thereby leading to an underestimate in the VIS ground albedos and explaining the subsequent overestimate of the VIS optical depth. These results are consistent with ground albedo retrievals using high spatial imagery data from Hyperion, Furthermore, we find that the VIS/MIR ratios depend only weakly on the scattering geometry allowing us to generate in a simple manner a regional VIS/MIR surface reflectance correlation coefficient map at spatial resolutions down to 1.5km. When applying the new VIS/MIR surface reflectance ratio model, we show the agreement between MODIS and AERONET derived optical depth is significantly improved for the operational 10km resolution product. Furthermore, we show the high resolution surface model allows us to improve the resolution of the retrieved AOD to 1.5km.
KETAMINE-MEDETOMIDINE AND KETAMINE-MEDETOMIDINE-MIDAZOLAM ANESTHESIA IN CAPTIVE CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS)—COMPARISON OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW

Abstract Six clinically healthy captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) were anesthetized twice using two different drug combinations to investigate if blood pressure and kidney blood flow are affected by medetomidine dosage. Protocol KM (2.0 mg/kg ketamine and 0.05 mg/kg medetomidine) was compared with protocol KMM (2.0 mg/kg ketamine, 0.02 mg/kg medetomidine, and 0.1 mg/kg midazolam). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature, end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (ETCO2), and anesthetic depth were monitored every 10 min. Noninvasive mean (MAP), systolic (SAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressure were measured, and Duplex Doppler ultrasonography was performed on the kidneys. The mean arterial resistive index (RI) was determined and the pulse pressure index (PPI) was calculated, as indicators for kidney blood flow. There were no significant differences in induction and recovery times. MAP was significantly higher with KM than KMM at 35 min, and in both protocols decreased significantly after atipamezole administration. DAP was significantly higher at 25 and 35 min in animals anesthetized with KM; it also decreased significantly with both protocols after atipamezole administration. The PPI was significantly lower throughout the procedure with KM, and with both protocols increased significantly after atipamezole administration. Both the higher blood pressure and the reduced PPI with KM were likely a direct effect of the higher medetomidine dosage, and these findings indicate that lower medetomidine dosages might reduce hypertension and lead to a better PPI in cheetah immobilization.
Blockade of programmed death receptor‐1 signaling restores expression of mostly proinflammatory cytokines in anergic cytomegalovirus‐specific T cells

Programmed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1) compromises cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific T‐cell responses and has been linked to CMV viremia after transplantation. An impaired functional and proliferative capacity of PD‐1‐positive CMV‐specific T cells may be reversed by the antibody‐mediated blockade of PD‐1 signaling. However, knowledge is limited on changes in “cytokinome” expression profiles associated with reversal of functional exhaustion.
First-principles investigation of ferroelectricity in perovskite compounds.

We have used a first-principles ultra-soft-pseudopotential method in conjunction with an efficient preconditioned conjugate-gradient scheme to investigate the properties of a series of eight cubic perovskite compounds. The materials considered in this study are ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{CaTiO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{KNbO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{NaNbO}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ , ${\mathrm{PbZrO}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{BaZrO}}_{3}$. We computed the total-energy surface for zone-center distortions correct to fourth order in the soft-mode displacement, including renormalizations due to strain coupling. Quantities calculated for each material include lattice constants, elastic constants, zone-center phonon frequencies, Gr\"uneisen parameters, and band structures. Our calculations correctly predict the symmetry of the ground-state structures of all compounds whose observed low-temperature structure retains a primitive five-atom unit cell. The database of results we have generated shows a number of trends which can be understood using simple chemical ideas based on the sizes of ions, and the frustration inherent in the cubic perovskite structure.
SAR exposure from UHF RFID reader in adult, child, pregnant woman, and fetus anatomical models

The spread of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices in ubiquitous applications without their simultaneous exposure assessment could give rise to public concerns about their potential adverse health effects. Among the various RFID system categories, the ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID systems have recently started to be widely used in many applications. This study addresses a computational exposure assessment of the electromagnetic radiation generated by a realistic UHF RFID reader, quantifying the exposure levels in different exposure scenarios and subjects (two adults, four children, and two anatomical models of women 7 and 9 months pregnant). The results of the computations are presented in terms of the whole‐body and peak spatial specific absorption rate (SAR) averaged over 10 g of tissue to allow comparison with the basic restrictions of the exposure guidelines. The SAR levels in the adults and children were below 0.02 and 0.8 W/kg in whole‐body SAR and maximum peak SAR levels, respectively, for all tested positions of the antenna. On the contrary, exposure of pregnant women and fetuses resulted in maximum peak SAR10 g values close to the values suggested by the guidelines (2 W/kg) in some of the exposure scenarios with the antenna positioned in front of the abdomen and with a 100% duty cycle and 1 W radiated power. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:443–452. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene Expression Profiling of Testosterone and Estradiol-17β-Induced Prostatic Dysplasia in Noble Rats and Response to the Antiestrogen ICI 182,780.

We previously demonstrated that 1) treatment of Noble rats for 16 wk with testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 (E2) led to 100% incidence of dorsolateral prostate (DLP) dysplasia and hyperprolactinemia and 2) blockade of PRL release with bromocriptine cotreatment significantly lowered the incidence of DLP dysplasia. In the current study, we sought to determine whether E2 exerts direct effects, independent of PRL, in this model system. The pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI), reported to have no effect on PRL release in female rats, was administered biweekly to T E2-treated rats at 3 mg/kg body weight. ICI cotreatment completely prevented DLP dysplasia development but it also blocked hyperprolactinemia in the dual hormone-treated rats. Gene profiling with an 1185 gene rat cDNA array identified 100 genes displaying >3-fold changes in rat lateral prostates (LPs) following T E2 treatment. Significantly more genes were up-regulated (77) than down-regulated (14), reflecting cellular/molecular changes associated with enhanced cell proliferation, DNA damage, heightened protein and RNA synthesis, increased energy metabolism, and activation of several proto-oncogenes and intracellular signaling pathways. Post hoc analyses, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, corroborated differential expression of eight genes, exhibiting three different patterns of altered expression. Genes encoding the early growth response protein 1 and metalloendopeptidase meprin -subunit were similarly altered in T E2- and T E2 ICI-treated animals when compared with untreated controls. In contrast, transcripts of fos-related antigen-2, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein-45, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 were significantly increased in the LPs of T E2-treated animals, but the increases were reversed by cotreatment with ICI. Differential expression of fos-related antigen-2 and growth arrest and DNA damageinducible protein-45 were further confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Lastly, levels of A-RAF, VIP-1 receptor, and calpastatin mRNA were distinctly lessen in rat LPs under T E2 influence, but rebound with ICI cotreatment. In conclusion, our findings further implicated pituitary PRL in the induction of dysplasia in rat LP. Gene profiling provided clues that molecular events related to enhancement of cell proliferation, DNA damage, and activation of protooncogenes and transforming factors may be causally linked to the genesis of LP dysplasia in this rat model. (Endocrinology 143: 2093–2105, 2002)
Stone tools and resources: A case study from Southern Africa

Abstract Taking the Clanwilliam District in the south‐western Cape as a case study, this paper examines the implications of differences in the composition of contemporary tool assemblages from a restricted area. A breakdown of the assemblages from eleven sites is presented, with analyses of the occurrences of adzes, bored stones, scrapers, and backed pieces at each of them. In some situations, the patterning of tool type variability from site to site can clearly be shown to be associated with resource distributions in the region. Should these resources change, the authors argue, tool type patterns may change as well, serving as a useful stratigraphical index of major environmental shifts.
tRNA-derived microRNA modulates proliferation and the DNA damage response and is down-regulated in B cell lymphoma

Sequencing studies from several model systems have suggested that diverse and abundant small RNAs may be derived from tRNA, but the function of these molecules remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that one such tRNA-derived fragment, cloned from human mature B cells and designated CU1276, in fact possesses the functional characteristics of a microRNA, including a DICER1-dependent biogenesis, physical association with Argonaute proteins, and the ability to repress mRNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. Expression of CU1276 is abundant in normal germinal center B cells but absent in germinal center-derived lymphomas, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Furthermore, CU1276 represses endogenous RPA1, an essential gene involved in many aspects of DNA dynamics, and consequently, expression of this tRNA-derived microRNA in a lymphoma cell line suppresses proliferation and modulates the molecular response to DNA damage. These results establish that functionally active microRNAs can be derived from tRNA, thus defining a class of genetic entities with potentially important biological roles.
Measuring the patient's perspective.

Patient-reported measurements have become standard outcomes alongside vision tests in clinical trials; at times, even being the main outcome measure. With a developing research focus, these instruments are evolving from relatively simple measures to increasingly discriminatory, reliable, and valid ones. This feature issue of Optometry and Vision Science showcases the latest research from this broad field. Contributions include reviews of existing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), testing or application of PROMs, testing or use of health valuation instruments, and qualitative research into the patient’s perspective of eye and vision problems or treatments.
ANáLISE DA PRESSãO PLANTAR DE INDIVíDUOS HEMIPARéTICOS APóS MOBILIZAçãO DO SISTEMA NERVOSO

El Accidente Vascular Encefalico se trata de una afeccion neurologica, por veces dificultosa y sujeto a complicaciones innumerables en la vida del paciente. Se busca siempre perfeccionar y renovar las tecnicas terapeuticas para evitar complicaciones y de llevar al maximo la independencia de esos pacientes en sus actividades de la vida cotidiana. La movilizacion neural es una tecnica relativamente nueva que procura mantener o restaurar el movimiento y la elasticidad del sistema nervioso. La propuesta de este estudio basase en movilizar el sistema nervioso del miembro superior del individuos hemiplejicos que sufrieron AVE, por el teste ULNT 1, y evaluar la influencia inmediata en la distribucion de la presion plantar por baropodometria electronica analizando las presiones plantares antes y despues del teste. El presente que estudio conto con 12 individuos escogidos al azar, con el medio igual de 59 anos. Los resultados presentaron variaciones en las presiones plantares entre los miembros hemiplejicos de y los miembros no hemiplejicos, alterandose de forma cambiable despues de la aplicacion de la prueba de la movilizacion neural para el miembro superior ULNT 1, es que algunos individuos transfirieron la presion para el miembro opuesto mientras que los otros redistribuyeron la presion entre las regiones plantares del mismo miembro, ocurriendo aun en el miembro hemiplejico. Aunque esos cambios hayan sido observados, no presentaron estadisticas significativas con p>0,05.
The Enlightenment Bible: Translation, Scholarship, Culture

Preface: Forging the Cultural Bible ix Abbreviations xvii Chapter One: The Vernacular Bible: Reformation and Baroque 1 Part I: The Birth of the Enlightenment Bible Chapter Two: Scholarship, the New Testament, and the English Defense of the Bible 27 Chapter Three: Religion, the New Testament, and the German Reinvention of the Bible 54 Part II: The Forms of the Enlightenment Bible Chapter Four: Philology: The Bible from Text to Document 93 Chapter Five: Pedagogy: The Politics and Morals of the Enlightenment Bible 118 Chapter Six: Poetry: National Literature, History, and the Hebrew Bible 148 Chapter Seven: History: The Archival and Alien Old Testament 182 Part III: The Cultural Bible Chapter Eight: Culture, Religion, and the Bible in Germany, 1790-1830 223 Chapter Nine: "Regeneration from Germany": Culture and the Bible in England, 1780-1870 241 Afterword 259 Index 261