Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MINI‐MAC) scale

The psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale (Mini‐MAC) were examined among 115 Chinese cancer patients in Hong Kong. The five subscales from the original Mini‐MAC (Anxious Preoccupation, Helpless–Hopeless, Fighting Spirit, Fatalism, Cognitive Avoidance) had acceptable internal reliabilities (Cronbach's α ranged from 0.65 to 0.88) and construct validities in our sample. Factor analysis suggested three factors: (1) Negative Emotion (α=0.91) contained items of the Anxious Preoccupation and the Helpless–Hopeless subscales of the original Mini‐MAC, (2) Positive Attitude (α=0.77) combined the Fighting Spirit and the Fatalism subscales of the original version, and (3) Cognitive Avoidance (α=0.65) which was identical to the Cognitive Avoidance subscale of the original Mini‐MAC. Construct validities of the novel factors were shown by their correlations with HADS Anxiety and Depression scores in the predicted directions. It was concluded that both the 5‐factor model from the original Mini‐MAC and the 3‐factor model from the present study were valid in Hong Kong Chinese cancer patients. The results were discussed in terms of the meaning of the original Mini‐MAC factors and cultural differences in coping functions between Chinese and UK cancer patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiographic and histological methodologies in estimating the chronology of crown development in modern humans and great apes: a review, with some applications for studies on juvenile hominids.

There has been a burgeoning of interest in the last decade on growth studies in hominids. These studies have relied heavily on dental development, and have compared juvenile hominids to modern human and ape standards, which are usually established using radiographic data. There has been considerable discussion on the most appropriate methods of deriving population standards from radiographs, but very little on the accuracy of the radiographic image itself. Previous histological and dissection studies have shown that age at onset of mineralization is overestimated, and age at crown completion is underestimated using radiographs. This study considers the process of X-ray absorbence by mineralized tissues and the formation of radiographic images of developing teeth. Following tooth initiation a critical mass of mineral is required for the tooth to register superimposed on the absorbence of alveolar crypt bone, which accounts for the late identification of tooth initiation. Determination of completion of crown growth depends upon the identification of the last formed enamel at the cervix. Recognition of this key stage is difficult as crown growth slows towards the cervix, and the last secreted enamel may take months to attain full mineralization levels due to the prolonged maturation process. Morphological and geometric factors have a significant influence on the imaging of the completed crown. The last formed enamel is located on the buccal face, where enamel thins progressively to nothing. X-ray absorption by enamel at the cervix becomes insignificant, and may be counterbalanced by increased dentine absorption. Approximal enamel in contrast is clearly visualized once maturation is complete. However, developmentally this enamel face initiates later, and is completed much earlier than buccal enamel. All of the radiographic estimates of crown completion times are based upon interpretations of approximal enamel completion. These considerations suggest that the human population standards in current usage may not represent true anatomical and chronological stages of crown development, and care should be taken in referring juvenile hominids to these radiological standards.
Common misconceptions in molecular ecology: echoes of the modern synthesis

The field of molecular ecology has burgeoned into a large discipline spurred on by technical innovations that facilitate the rapid acquisition of large amounts of genotypic data, by the continuing development of theory to interpret results, and by the availability of computer programs to analyse data sets. As the discipline grows, however, misconceptions have become enshrined in the literature and are perpetuated by routine citations to other articles in molecular ecology. These misconceptions hamper a better understanding of the processes that influence genetic variation in natural populations and sometimes lead to erroneous conclusions. Here, we consider eight misconceptions commonly appearing in the literature: (i) some molecular markers are inherently better than other markers; (ii) mtDNA produces higher FST values than nDNA; (iii) estimated population coalescences are real; (iv) more data are always better; (v) one needs to do a Bayesian analysis; (vi) selective sweeps influence mtDNA data; (vii) equilibrium conditions are critical for estimating population parameters; and (viii) having better technology makes us smarter than our predecessors. This is clearly not an exhaustive list and many others can be added. It is, however, sufficient to illustrate why we all need to be more critical of our own understanding of molecular ecology and to be suspicious of self‐evident truths.
The Effect of Commodity Price on Indonesia Rupiah Exchange Rate and Dow Jones Index on Indonesia Stock Exchange

Capital market is one of today's economic instruments that has developed very rapidly. One way to measure the performance of capital market is through stock index. There are many affecting factors to the stock index, such as domestic interest rates, foreign exchange rates, international economic conditions, the country's economic cycle, inflation rates, tax regulations, the amount of money in circulation (M. Samsul, 2008). The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Oil Prices, World Gold Prices, Exchange Rate of Indonesian Rupiah, and Dow Jones on IHSG (Indonesia Stock Exchange). We used analytical method with multiple regression analysis performed with SPSS 24 to conduct the study. In advance to applying multiple regression analysis, we administered a classic assumption test. This is necessary to make the regression equation is BLUE (Best, Linear, Unbiased, Estimator). Results of data analysis showed that Gold Price and Indonesia Rupiah Exchange rate negatively affected the Indonesia Stock Exchange; the Oil Prices and Dow Jones index also had a positive effect on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The value of adjusted R square is 59.7%. This means that by 59.7% Indonesia Stock Exchange movement can be predicted from the movement of the independent variables.
Hierarchical-Game-Based Uplink Power Control in Femtocell Networks

Femtocells are viewed as a promising option for mobile operators to improve coverage and provide high-data-rate services in a cost-effective manner. However, cross-tier interference mitigation is considered to be one of the major challenges. Distributed-game-based power control approaches are effective for interference management in wireless networks. In this paper, we focus on the optimal power allocation for uplink transmission in two-tier femtocell networks and take into account the different service requirements and design objectives of macrocell user equipment (MUE) and femtocell user equipment (FUE) devices. The framework of hierarchical game with a multiple-leader-multiple-follower model is adopted to investigate the uplink power allocation problem. By using hierarchical game, on one hand, the utilities of both MUE and FUE devices are maximized; on the other hand, the uplink protection of MUE devices is highlighted. To obtain the game equilibrium (GE) distributively, we develop the iterative power update rules for both MUE and FUE devices. Moreover, given channel uncertainty, a robust hierarchical game is formulated and solved distributively. For implementations, the running process of the proposed hierarchical games is analyzed in detail. Finally, numerical results show the convergence of the hierarchical games without and with channel uncertainty. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that, in either case, the GE is unique and that the game is effective.
Public attitudes toward cadaveric organ donation: a survey in Ahwaz.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of the residents of Ahwaz toward organ donation after brain death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1000 people between 15 and 70 years of age were selected by cluster sampling in Ahwaz, south-west of Iran. A questionnaire was designed about the attitudes of the interviewees toward organ donation after brain death by themselves and by their family members, demanding compensation for organ donation, and the need for consent or testimony. RESULTS Of the participants, 75% were pro organ donation, while 22% were against it and the remaining 3% had no specific idea. Age, sex, and occupation did not influence the attitudes; however, the ethnicity, educational level, economic status, and having a loved one in need of organ transplantation significantly increased the willingness of these people for organ donation (P < .05). Regarding the issue of demanding compensation for organ donation, 27% of the participants were in favor of the idea and 73% disagreed. A higher proportion of the participants with higher educational levels believed in organ donation without any consent or testimony (P = .02). CONCLUSION According to our study, many people are pro organ donation after death. It is necessary to have a regular program for these people to give them the opportunity to register and receive a donation card. For the people who do not have the tendency for the matter, we had better try to increase their knowledge by educational programs and provide sufficient information.
Comparison of a Regulated Delayed Antigen Synthesis System with In Vivo-Inducible Promoters for Antigen Delivery by Live Attenuated Salmonella Vaccines

ABSTRACT Induction of strong immune responses against a vectored antigen in hosts immunized with live attenuated Salmonella vaccines is related in part to the amount of antigen delivered and the overall fitness of the Salmonella vector in relation to its ability to stimulate the host immune system. Constitutive high-level antigen synthesis causes a metabolic burden to the vaccine vector strain that can reduce the vaccine strain's ability to interact with host lymphoid tissues, resulting in a compromised immune response. A solution to this problem is the use of systems that regulate antigen gene expression, permitting high levels of antigen synthesis only after the vaccine strain has reached its target tissues. In vivo-inducible promoters (IVIPs) are often used to accomplish this. We recently developed an alternative strategy, a regulated delayed antigen synthesis (RDAS) system, in which the LacI-repressible Ptrc promoter controls antigen gene expression by adding arabinose. In this paper, we compared the RDAS system with two commonly used IVIPs, PssaG and PpagC. Three nearly identical plasmids, differing only in the promoter used to direct transcription of the pneumococcal pspA gene, Ptrc, PssaG, or PpagC, were constructed and introduced into isogenic Salmonella vaccine strains with or without arabinose-inducible LacI synthesis. Mice immunized with the RDAS strain developed slightly higher titers of mucosal and serum anti-PspA antibodies than PpagC-immunized mice, while titers in mice immunized with the PssaG strain were 100-fold lower. Both the RDAS and PpagC strains conferred similar levels of protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge, significantly greater than those for the PssaG strain or controls. Thus, RDAS provides another choice for inclusion in the live vaccine design to increase immunogenicity.
Application of High Amplitude Alternating Magnetic Fields for Heat Induction of Nanoparticles Localized in Cancer

Objective: Magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to a monoclonal antibody can be i.v. injected to target cancer tissue and will rapidly heat when activated by an external alternating magnetic field (AMF). The result is necrosis of the microenvironment provided the concentration of particles and AMF amplitude are sufficient. High-amplitude AMF causes nonspecific heating in tissues through induced eddy currents, which must be minimized. In this study, application of high-amplitude, confined, pulsed AMF to a mouse model is explored with the goal to provide data for a concomitant efficacy study of heating i.v. injected magnetic nanoparticles. Methods: Thirty-seven female BALB/c athymic nude mice (5-8 weeks) were exposed to an AMF with frequency of 153 kHz, and amplitude (400-1,300 Oe), duration (1-20 minutes), duty (15-100%), and pulse ON time (2-1,200 seconds). Mice were placed in a water-cooled four-turn helical induction coil. Two additional mice, used as controls, were placed in the coil but received no AMF exposure. Tissue and core temperatures as the response were measured in situ and recorded at 1-second intervals. Results: No adverse effects were observed for AMF amplitudes of ≤700 Oe, even at continuous power application (100% duty) for up to 20 minutes. Mice exposed to AMF amplitudes in excess of 950 Oe experienced morbidity and injury when the duty exceeded 50%. Conclusion: High-amplitude AMF (up to 1,300 Oe) was well tolerated provided the duty was adjusted to dissipate heat. Results presented suggest that further tissue temperature regulation can be achieved with suitable variations of pulse width for a given amplitude and duty combination. These results suggest that it is possible to apply high-amplitude AMF (>500 Oe) with pulsing for a time sufficient to treat cancer tissue in which magnetic nanoparticles have been embedded.
Forecaster (Mis-)Behavior

We document two stylized facts in expectational data. First, professional forecasters overrevise their macroeconomic expectations. Second, such overrevisions mask evidence of both over- and underreactions to public signals. We show that the first fact is inconsistent with standard models of noisy rational expectations, but consistent with behavioral and strategic models. The second fact, in contrast, presents a puzzle for existing theories. We propose an extension of noisy rational expectations that allows forecasters to be overconfident in their information. We show that this feature when combined with the endogeneity of public signals leads to over- and undereactions consistent with the data.
Calcific neurocysticercosis and epileptogenesis

Neurocysticercosis is responsible for increased rates of seizures and epilepsy in endemic regions. The most common form of the disease, chronic calcific neurocysticercosis, is the end result of the host’s inflammatory response to the larval cysticercus of Taenia solium. There is increasing evidence indicating that calcific cysticercosis is not clinically inactive but a cause of seizures or focal symptoms in this population. Perilesional edema is at times also present around implicated calcified foci. A better understanding of the natural history, frequency, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of calcific cysticercosis and associated disease manifestations is needed to define its importance, treatment, and prevention.
Stochastic modeling of global risk severity

Abstract The paper formulates a stochastic model by incorporating a discrete random variable, two sequences of discrete random variables, and a sequence of positive random variables. The paper also provides an interpretation of the formulated stochastic model in investigating the severity of a global risk. Sufficient conditions for the representation of the formulated stochastic model as a random sum are also established by the paper.
Chronic Tension-Type Headache Treated with Acupuncture, Physical Training and Relaxation Training. Between-Group Differences

The aim of this study was to compare acupuncture, relaxation training and physical training in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). The study comprised 90 consecutive patients with CTTH who were randomly allocated to acupuncture, relaxation training or physical training. Headache intensity, headache-free days and headache-free periods were registered using a visual analogue scale and a headache diary. The measurements were made 4 weeks before, immediately after, and 3 and 6 months after the treatment period. Immediately after the last treatment, the number of headache-free periods and of headache-free days was higher in the relaxation group compared with the acupuncture group. There were no other significant differences between the groups at any time point. The clinical implications of our findings are that relaxation training induced the most pronounced effects directly after the treatment period, compared with acupuncture and physical training.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Initial Haart Regimens of Nelfinavir/Nevirapine and Ritonavir/Saquinavir in Combination with Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Background A triple-class HAART regimen may be associated with a better virological effect than conventional regimens, but may also lead to toxicity and more profound resistance. Methods Randomized, controlled, open-label trial of 233 protease inhibitor- and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-naive HIV-infected patients allocated to a regimen of nelfinavir and nevirapine (1250/200 mg twice daily; n=118) or ritonavir and saquinavir (400/400 mg twice daily; n=115), both in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The primary end-point was HIV RNA ≤20 copies/ml after 48 weeks (missing value=failure). Patients remained under follow-up also in case of switch from the randomized therapy. Results At baseline, the median CD4 cell counts were 126 (range: 0–942) (nelfinavir/nevirapine) and 150 (0–642) (ritonavir/saquinavir) cells/mm3, and HIV RNA measurements 5.0 copies/ml (1.3–6.4) in both groups. A total of 102 (86%) and 101 (88%) were antiretroviral-naive. Within 48 weeks, 35 and 44% discontinued randomized therapy; P=0.13. Of these, 80 and 73% switched therapy due to adverse events; P=0.99. At week 48, 69 and 56%, respectively, had a HIV RNA ≤20 copies/ml; P=0.037. Conclusion A regimen of nelfinavir/nevirapine had a favourable virological effect and tolerability over a 48-week period compared with ritonavir/saquinavir, when administered in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. However, more extensive follow-up is required to determine the long-term consequences of triple class HAART regimens, including the development of broad drug resistance.
Search-based Sentiment and Stock Market Reactions: An Empirical Evidence in Vietnam

The paper aims to examine relationships between search-based sentiment and stock market reactions in Vietnam. This study constructs an internet search-based measure of sentiment and examines its relationship with Vietnamese stock market returns. The sentiment index is derived from Google Trends’ Search Volume Index of financial and economic terms that Vietnamese searched from January 2011 to June 2018. Consistent with prediction from sentiment theories, the study documents significant short-term reversals across three major stock indices. The difference from previous literature is that Vietnam stock market absorbs the contemporaneous decline slower while the subsequent rebound happens within a day. The results of the study suggest that the sentiment-induced effect is mainly driven by pessimism. On the other hand, optimistic investors seem to delay in taking their investment action until the market corrects. The study proposes a unified explanation for our findings based on the overreaction hypothesis of the bearish group and the strategic delay of the optimistic group. The findings of the study contribute to the behavioral finance strand that studies the role of sentiment in emerging financial markets, where noise traders and limits to arbitrage are more obvious. They also encourage the continuous application of search data to explore other investor behaviors in securities markets.
Mental illness as an independent risk factor for unintentional injury and injury recidivism.

BACKGROUND Twelve percent of Americans are diagnosed and treated for mental illness annually. The relationship between mental illness and intentional injuries such as assault and suicide has previously been described. However, unintentional injury among mentally ill adults has not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between mental illness diagnosis and unintentional injury. We hypothesized that diagnosed mental illness is an independent risk factor for unintentional injury and it increases the risk of recidivism. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, trauma registry data, medical records, and outpatient mental health care data from the San Francisco Department of Public Health Billing Information System (BIS) were used to identify patients admitted with unintentional injury at a Level I urban trauma center in 2003 and 2004. Data collected included mechanism of injury, patient outcome and disposition, mental health diagnoses, substance abuse history, presence of homelessness, number of repeat injury events, and outpatient mental health treatment history. The incidence of unintentional injury requiring admission to a trauma center and the risk of intentional injury recidivism in subjects with a mental illness diagnosis were compared with those in subjects without a mental illness diagnosis. The risk of recidivism in those who had received publicly funded outpatient treatment before their injury was also evaluated. RESULTS Of the 1,709 patients admitted for unintentional injury, 20% had a diagnosis of mental illness. Individuals with mental illness had twice the rate of unintentional injury requiring admission (2.2-2.4 people in 1,000 vs. 1.0-1.1 in 1,000) and 4.5 times the odds of injury recidivism (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3-6.1) as those who did not have a mental illness diagnosis. Mental illness was a more robust predictor of injury recidivism than substance abuse (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.3-4.3) or homelessness (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.4). Compared with the nonmentally ill group, subjects with mental illness had a longer hospital stay and were less likely to be discharged home. Also, their injuries were more likely the result of falling or being hit by cars, and less likely the result of motor vehicle collisions than subjects without mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Mental illness is an independent risk factor for unintentional injury and injury recidivism. Individuals with mental illness also have a different pattern of injury and hospitalization. They tended to suffer from different mechanisms of injury, stayed in the hospital longer, and were more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility. Recognition of mental illness as a risk factor for injury may prompt re-examination of resource allocation for mental health and injury prevention and highlights the mentally ill as a prime target population for unintentional injury prevention efforts.