Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urban farming activity towards sustainable wellbeing of urban dwellers

In Malaysia, urban farming is viewed as a catalyst towards achieving the well-being of urban dwellers and natural environment. Urban farming is a strategy for Malaysia’s food and economic security, and as one of the foci in the agriculture transformation whereby urban dwellers are encouraged to participate in this activity. Previous study proved that urban farming can help to address social problems of food security, urban poverty and high living cost, also provides leisure and recreation among urban dwellers. Thus, this study investigates the best urban farming practices suitable for urban setting, environment and culture of urban dwellers. Data collection was done via questionnaire survey to urban farmers of a selected community garden in Subang Jaya, Selangor. Meanwhile, on-site observations were carried out on gardening activities and the gardens’ physical attributes. The study sample encompasses of 131 urban farmers of 22 community gardens in Subang Jaya. It was found that most of the community gardens practiced crops planting on the ground or soil base planting and dwellers in the lower income group with monthly low household income constitutes the majority (83.2%) of the respondents. Social and health benefits are the highest motivating factors for urban farmers. This study provides unprecedented insights on urban farming practices and motivations in a Malaysian setting.
Relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and large artery mechanical vessel wall properties in renal transplant patients

Objectives Renal transplant recipients (RTX) show a major impairment of large artery elastic wall properties. Sympathetic overactivity present in patients with renal disease has been shown to alter large artery elasticity; however, in RTX, this issue has not been addressed. The present study therefore investigated a possible relationship between sympathetic activity and large artery distensibility in RTX. Methods In 32 patients treated with calcineurin inhibitors (RTX-CI, cyclosporine n = 16, tacrolimus n = 16) mean arterial pressure (MAP, automatic sphygmomanometer), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) and distensibility coefficients of the brachial and carotid arteries (pulsed Doppler) were measured. Sixteen healthy volunteers (CTR), six patients with calcinneurin inhibitor-free immunosuppression (RTX-AZA) and 12 transplant patients after native kidney nephrectomy (RTX-NC) served as control groups. Results RTX-CI significantly increased MSNA compared to CTR (36 ± 3 versus 16 ± 2 bursts/min, P < 0.05, mean ± SEM). Both brachial and carotid artery distensibility were decreased in RTX-CI compared to CTR (7 ± 1 versus 13 ± 1 ± 10−3 /kPa and 17 ± 1 versus 25 ± 2 × 10−3 /kPa, respectively, both P < 0.05). In RTX-CI, a significant inverse correlation between brachial, but not carotid artery distensibility and MSNA (r = −0.46, P < 0.01, r = −0.12, not significant, respectively) was found. Correlation between brachial artery distensibility and MSNA remained statistically significant on separate analysis of cyclosporine- or tacrolimus-treated RTX and after correction for arterial diameter, blood pressure, graft function, age and sex by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results in RTX-AZA were similar to those in RTX-CI. In contrast, in RTX-NC with MSNA not significantly different from CON (16.6 ± 2.0 bursts/min), brachial artery distensibility was significantly higher compared to RTX-CI and RTX-AZA (14.2 ± 2.0 × 10−3 /kPa, P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions Increased sympathetic nerve activity in renal transplant patients is related to decreased distensibility of the muscular type brachial artery, but not the elastic type carotid artery.
Position of the abomasum in dairy cows during the first six weeks after calving

The position of the abomasum in six cows was examined by ultrasonography at regular intervals for six weeks after they had calved. Its position was established by determining the distance between the margin of the left side of the abomasum and the ventral midline at two sites. During the last weeks of pregnancy, the abomasum was positioned in a small region of the left ventral side of the abdominal cavity. At parturition it was positioned high on the left side and then descended. The abomasum was furthest from the midline immediately after parturition. Its position was related to the interval after calving, the cow's feed intake, and the pH and osmotic pressure of the rumen fluid. There was considerable variation between the cows in the position of the abomasum, which was in part due to analytical variation, and in individual cows it had a circadian rhythm.
Independence of Cued and Contextual Components of Fear Conditioning is Gated by the Lateral Habenula

Fear is an extreme form of aversion that, if inappropriately generalized, initiates pathological conditions such as panic or anxiety disorders. Fear conditioning (FC) is the best understood model of fear learning. FC forms two associations that independently link the cue and the training context to fear responses. The lateral habenula (LHb) encodes aversive information. However, how the LHb participates in fear learning has not been intensively studied. Here we studied the role of the LHb in FC learning using optogenetics and pharmacological tools in rats. We found that disrupting neuronal activity of the LHb during training abolishes independent expression of contextual and cued memories, yet memory is normally expressed when the cue is played in the training context. Our results show that neuronal activity at the LHb regulates independent expression of sub-components of a fear memory, assigning to that structure a previously uncharacterized role as regulator of fear memories.
Oviposition of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in forest and domestic habitats in Africa

The theory of ecological divergence provides a useful framework to understand the adaptation of many species to anthropogenic (‘domestic’) habitats. The mosquito Aedes aegypti, a global vector of several arboviral diseases, presents an excellent study system. Ae. aegypti originated in African forests, but the populations that invaded other continents have specialized in domestic habitats. In its African native range, the species can be found in both forest and domestic habitats like villages. A crucial behavioral change between mosquitoes living in different habitats is their oviposition choices. Forest Ae. aegypti lay eggs in natural water containers like tree holes, while their domestic counterparts heavily rely on artificial containers such as plastic buckets. These habitat-specific containers likely have different environmental conditions, which could drive the incipient divergent evolution of oviposition in African Ae. aegypti. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted field research in two African locations, La Lopé, Gabon and Rabai, Kenya, where Ae. aegypti live in both forests and nearby villages. We first characterized a series of environmental conditions of natural oviposition sites, including physical characteristics, microbial density, bacterial composition, and volatile profiles. Our data showed that in both locations, environmental conditions of oviposition sites did differ between habitats. To examine potential behavioral divergence, we then conducted field and laboratory oviposition choice experiments to compare the oviposition preference of forest and village mosquitoes. The field experiment suggested that forest mosquitoes readily accepted artificial containers. In laboratory oviposition assays, forest and village mosquito colonies did not show a differential preference towards several conditions that featured forest versus village oviposition sites. Collectively, there is little evidence from our study that environmental differences lead to strong and easily measurable divergence in oviposition behavior between Ae. aegypti that occupy nearby forest and domestic habitats within Africa, despite clear divergence between African and non-African Ae. aegypti.
Functional Food Knowledge and Perceptions among Young Consumers in Malaysia

Changing in consumers lifestyles and food consumption patterns provide a great opportunity in developing the functional food sector in Malaysia. There is only a little knowledge about whether Malaysian consumers are aware of func tional food and if so what image consumers have of this product. Th e objective of this research is to determine the extent to which s elected socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes influence co nsumers’ awareness of functional food. A survey was conducte d in the Klang Valley, Malaysia where 439 respondents were intervi ewed using a structured questionnaire. The result shows that mos t re pondents have a positive attitude towards functional food. F or the binary logistic estimation, the results indicate that age, income and other factors such as concern about food safety, subscrib ing to cooking or health magazines, being a vegetarian and consumers who have been involved in a food production company significantly influence Malaysian consumers’ awareness towards functional f ood. Keywords—Binary logistic model, functional foods, knowledge and awareness, perception
The Role of Corporate Governance on the Effect of State Ownership on Audit Findings at State-Owned Enterprises

This study aims to analyze the extent to which the mediating role of corporate governance on the influence of state ownership on audit findings issued by Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia on State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. The study used a sample of 98 observations (firm-year) during the period of 2010-2014. The results indicate that directly in line with predictions, there is a positive influence of the degree of state ownership on audit findings, and it is found that the level of state ownership has an indirect and negative effect on the governance of state enterprises, resulting in a negative impact of corporate governance on the audit. The results of this study imply that in order to reduce the potential for audit findings, the steps that need to be taken by the government gradually are to reduce the state ownership portion of SOEs, especially by privatization through stock offerings on the capital market and encouraging the implementation good governance in SOEs.
Interactive Contributions of Cumulative Peer Stress and Executive Function Deficits to Depression in Early Adolescence

Exposure to peer stress contributes to adolescent depression, yet not all youth experience these effects. Thus, it is important to identify individual differences that shape the consequences of peer stress. This research investigated the interactive contribution of cumulative peer stress during childhood (second-fifth grades) and executive function (EF) deficits to depression during early adolescence (sixth grade). Youth (267 girls, 227 boys; X ¯ age at Wave 1 = 7.95, SD = .37) completed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to assess peer stress and depression, respectively; teachers completed the Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function to assess everyday performance in several EF domains. As anticipated, exposure to peer stress in childhood predicted heightened sixth-grade depression in girls but not boys with higher levels of EF deficits. This study extends theory and research on individual differences in vulnerability to adolescent depression, in turn elucidating potential intervention targets.
Pharmacogenomics research involving racial classification: qualitative research findings on researchers' views, perceptions and attitudes towards socioethical responsibilities.

BACKGROUND Racial classification of study samples has been a common practice since the early days of pharmacogenomics research. The use of race as an axis of stratification in the study of human genetic variation and population differences in drug response has come under intense scrutiny recently, particularly among policy makers, clinicians and researchers. However, there are no published empirical data on how genomics scientists perceive ethical concerns or view their own professional roles when they are confronted with this issue in their everyday practice or have to decide themselves whether racial classification should be a cornerstone of their research work. OBJECTIVES To investigate the views and perceptions of researchers on the use of racial classification in pharmacogenomics research using a qualitative research methodology. METHODS We interviewed genomics researchers about their perceptions on pharmacogenomics, race and science, population-based genomics research and the attendant implications for their professional duties. We sought out researchers who self-identified with many of the populations likely to be solicited for race-specific pharmacogenomics research. A thematic investigation of the semistructured interviews was undertaken using the qualitative data software program ATLAS.ti to extract and systematically analyze complex phenomena (e.g., professional viewpoints) embedded in the narratives from the interviews. RESULTS The participants expressed the 'doubled-edged' nature of pharmacogenomics research involving racial classification while also having a cautiously optimistic view of race-based therapeutics. They believed that pharmacogenomics could improve health outcomes for racially defined populations in the context of health disparities. Sensitized to racism and potential abuses, they expressed concerns and need for precautionary measures over the sensitive nature of racially categorized research results. On the other hand, researchers perceived themselves as being responsible primarily for providing raw scientific data. CONCLUSION Researchers engaged in genomics investigations appear to display a guarded and yet favorable perception on the utility of race in pharmacogenomics investigations. Interestingly, researchers remain sceptical of their own roles vis-à-vis ethics and delegating socioethical responsibilities to ethicists was seen as a way to remedy this shortfall instead of broadening the scope of self-governance in scientific practice to socioethical issues. While these data do not necessarily reflect views and attitudes of all scientists, future science policy questions on how best to integrate molecular genetics with race-based therapeutics and incorporation of socioethical reflection in daily practice of genomics research need to consider the perceptions of scientists and similar 'upstream control points' in the process of knowledge generation and dissemination.
Transformation of Olfactory Representations in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe

Molecular genetics has revealed a precise stereotypy in the projection of primary olfactory sensory neurons onto secondary neurons. A major challenge is to understand how this mapping translates into odor responses in these second-order neurons. We investigated this question in Drosophila using whole-cell recordings in vivo. We observe that monomolecular odors generally elicit responses in large ensembles of antennal lobe neurons. Comparison of odor-evoked activity from afferents and postsynaptic neurons in the same glomerulus revealed that second-order neurons display broader tuning and more complex responses than their primary afferents. This indicates a major transformation of odor representations, implicating lateral interactions within the antennal lobe.
Rational Inattention with Sequential Information Sampling∗

We generalize the rationalize inattention framework proposed by Sims [2010] to allow for cost functions other than Shannon’s mutual information. We study a problem in which a large number of successive samples of information about the decision situation, each only minimally informative by itself, can be taken before a decision must be made. We assume that the cost required for each individual increment of information satisfies standard assumptions about continuity, differentiability, convexity, and monotonicity with respect to the Blackwell ordering of experiments, but need not correspond to mutual information. We show that any information cost function satisfying these axioms exhibits an invariance property which allows us to approximate it by a particular form of Taylor expansion, which is accurate whenever the signals acquired by an agent are not very informative. We give particular attention to the case in which the cost function for an individual increment to information satisfies the additional condition of “prior invariance,” so that it depends only on the way in which the probabilities of different observations depend on the state of the world, and not on the prior probabilities of different states. This case leads to a cost function for the overall quantity of information gathered that is not prior-invariant, but “sequentially prior-invariant. ” We offer a complete characterization of the family of sequentially prior-invariant cost functions in the continuous-time limit of our dynamic model of information sampling, and show how the resulting theory of rationally inattentive choice differs from both static and dynamic versions of a theory based on mutual information.
Associations between adolescent seatbelt non-use, normative perceptions and screen media exposure: results from a national US survey

Background Failure to use seatbelts in motor vehicles is a major source of youth injuries, and previous research has noted the widespread non-use of seatbelts in popular media. Objectives To explore whether increased exposure to entertainment screen media was associated with inflated normative perceptions regarding seatbelt non-use, and to determine any associations between normative perceptions and seatbelt non-use. Methods A nationally representative telephone survey of school-aged American adolescents (14–17 years, n=915) measuring: screen media exposure; normative perceptions with reference to friends' disapproval of non-use, and prevalence of non-use among friends, school peers and peers; and self-reported seatbelt non-use. Results Using structural equation modelling, analyses indicate that, after demographic and individual characteristics relevant to screen media exposure and seatbelt non-use had been controlled for, frequent exposure to entertainment media was associated with positive normative perceptions about seatbelt non-use for boys, but not for girls. Normative perceptions related to friends' and school peers' seatbelt use were associated with seatbelt non-use for both boys and girls. Conclusions Attempts to increase adolescent seatbelt use could include public communication campaigns to alter normative perceptions. Broadcasting these campaigns in conjunction with the media that under-represent seatbelt use may be a successful strategy for reducing the influence of such media on male adolescents.
Predictors of Homelessness among Older Adults in New York City

We interviewed 61 housed and 79 homeless adults aged 55 and over about disability; economic, human and social capital; and stressful life events prior to becoming homeless. Over half of the homeless group had previously led conventional lives. Human capital, social capital and life events were more important than disability or economic capital in predicting homelessness. The homeless adults were younger, more likely to be male and better educated than housed adults, but had shorter job tenure and fewer social ties. Homeless adults faced multiple, cascading risks, including job loss and housing loss. Implications for prevention are discussed.
Amelogenesis imperfecta caused by N-terminal enamelin point mutations in mice and men is driven by endoplasmic reticulum stress

&NA; ‘Amelogenesis imperfecta’ (AI) describes a group of inherited diseases of dental enamel that have major clinical impact. Here, we identify the aetiology driving AI in mice carrying a p.S55I mutation in enamelin; one of the most commonly mutated proteins underlying AI in humans. Our data indicate that the mutation inhibits the ameloblast secretory pathway leading to ER stress and an activated unfolded protein response (UPR). Initially, with the support of the UPR acting in pro‐survival mode, Enamp.S55I heterozygous mice secreted structurally normal enamel. However, enamel secreted thereafter was structurally abnormal; presumably due to the UPR modulating ameloblast behaviour and function in an attempt to relieve ER stress. Homozygous mutant mice failed to produce enamel. We also identified a novel heterozygous ENAMp.L31R mutation causing AI in humans. We hypothesize that ER stress is the aetiological factor in this case of human AI as it shared the characteristic phenotype described above for the Enamp.S55I mouse. We previously demonstrated that AI in mice carrying the Amelxp.Y64H mutation is a proteinopathy. The current data indicate that AI in Enamp.S55I mice is also a proteinopathy, and based on comparative phenotypic analysis, we suggest that human AI resulting from the ENAMp.L31R mutation is another proteinopathic disease. Identifying a common aetiology for AI resulting from mutations in two different genes opens the way for developing pharmaceutical interventions designed to relieve ER stress or modulate the UPR during enamel development to ameliorate the clinical phenotype.
Colocasia lihengiae (Araceae: Colocasieae), a new species from Yunnan, China

A new species of Colocasia Schott, C. lihengiae C. L. Long et K. M. Liu, sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The species is restricted to the rainforest of Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan, China. Diagnostic morphological characters that distinguish the new species from the related species, C. fallax Schott, are discussed. Chromosome numbers (2n=28) were observed in plants of C. lihengiae cultivated at the Kunming Botanical Garden.
The Role of Prior Sales Experience of Buyers and Duration in Buyer-Seller Relationships

Firms that are successful in today’s competitive environments understand methods of increasing buyer’s commitment through comprehending nuances within each buyer relationship (Palmatier, Dant, Grewal & Evans, 2006; Rutherford, Boles, Barksdale & Johnson, 2006; 2008). The presence of commitment in buyerseller relationships is essential across various contexts and settings including supply chain management exchanges (Kibbeling et al., 2009), services (Caceres & Paparoidamis, 2007), pharmaceuticals (Lagace, Dahlstrom, & Gassenheimer, 1991), and manufacturing (Cannon & Perrault, 1999) for driving general relationship quality (Dagger & O'brien, 2010; Ferris et al., 2009). In an effort to better understand the development of buyer’s commitment to firms, scholars have focused increased attention on the development and maintenance of the buyer-salesperson relationship. Specifically, the linkage between buyer’s satisfaction with the salesperson and its influence on buyer’s commitment has been focal to this discussion (e.g. Johnson, Barksdale Jr., & Boles, 2001; Rutherford et al., 2006).
Mood Disorders in the Year after First Stroke

An unselected community sample of 128 patients were studied over the 12 months after their first stroke, and compared with a control sample of subjects from the general population. Psychiatric status was assessed using the PSE and BDI. Symptoms of mood disorder were commoner in the stroke patients than the controls, but the differences were not substantial and had largely disappeared by 12 months. Psychiatric problems encountered included agoraphobia, social withdrawal, apathy and self-neglect, irritability and pathological emotionalism. While there was a high cumulative incidence of psychiatric disorder, little of it persisted: only two cases of major depression were present for the whole 12 months. We believe undue emphasis has been placed in the recent literature on major depression as a specific syndrome following stroke.