Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yno1p/Aim14p, a NADPH-oxidase ortholog, controls extramitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and actin cable formation in yeast

The large protein superfamily of NADPH oxidases (NOX enzymes) is found in members of all eukaryotic kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, and protists. The physiological functions of these NOX enzymes range from defense to specialized oxidative biosynthesis and to signaling. In filamentous fungi, NOX enzymes are involved in signaling cell differentiation, in particular in the formation of fruiting bodies. On the basis of bioinformatics analysis, until now it was believed that the genomes of unicellular fungi like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe do not harbor genes coding for NOX enzymes. Nevertheless, the genome of S. cerevisiae contains nine ORFs showing sequence similarity to the catalytic subunits of mammalian NOX enzymes, only some of which have been functionally assigned as ferric reductases involved in iron ion transport. Here we show that one of the nine ORFs (YGL160W, AIM14) encodes a genuine NADPH oxidase, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and produces superoxide in a NADPH-dependent fashion. We renamed this ORF YNO1 (yeast NADPH oxidase 1). Overexpression of YNO1 causes YCA1-dependent apoptosis, whereas deletion of the gene makes cells less sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. Several independent lines of evidence point to regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Yno1p.
Innovation, firms’ performance and environmental turbulence: is there a moderator or mediator?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw on dynamic capability view and contingency theory to clarify the nature of the effect of environmental turbulence on the relationships between firm’s both product and process innovations and business performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed and empirically tested two structural models using structural equation modeling approach. The first model deals with both product and process innovations as the mediators between environmental turbulence and business performance. The second model considers the moderating effect of environmental turbulence between innovation and business performance.FindingsThe findings show that environmental turbulence does not moderate the relationship between innovation and business performance. The authors have found a clear role of environmental turbulence in boosting innovation rather than moderating the relationship between innovation and performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe data set is a cross-section of heterogeneous firms regarding the industry.Practical implicationsManagers should be aware of the importance of the innovation for the environmental turbulence and dynamism counteracting. The results imply a negative influence of environmental turbulence on business performance. However, with the innovation in the equation, this influence can be positive, because it boosts firms to innovate and though to achieve better business performance.Originality/valueIt contributes the management and innovation research and practice through offering insights into the role of environmental turbulence in product innovation, process innovation as well as organizational business performance through comprehensive analysis of mediation and moderation effects between the observed constructs.
Fuel Metabolism During Pregnancy

This article reviews carbohydrate and fat metabolism in both healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes. Emphasis is placed on more recent investigations that have utilized stable, nonradioactive isotopes with insulin clamps to study gestational fuel metabolism. In early pregnancy, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is increased, insulin sensitivity is unchanged or enhanced, and glucose tolerance is normal or slightly improved. Late gestation is characterized by accelerated fetal growth, rising concentrations of several diabetogenic hormones, and increased insulin resistance. The increased resistance reduces maternal glucose utilization, sparing carbohydrates for the rapidly growing fetus. The inhibitory effect of insulin on the rate of lipolysis is also significantly reduced during the third trimester of pregnancy. An earlier than normal switch from carbohydrate to fat utilization serves to promote the use of lipids as a maternal energy source. Women with gestational diabetes have been reported to have either comparable or increased insulin resistance during late gestation with several studies also demonstrating reduced insulin secretory capacity.
Two Short Case Studies in Staff Auditor and Student Ethical Decision Making

ABSTRACT: Two cases help students identify the influence that self-interest can have on ethical decision making and encourage them to practice “giving voice to values. ” The learning objectives are to: (1) increase student awareness of the role of ethical fading in unethical decision making; (2) develop critical-thinking skills for ethical decision making; and (3) practice applying moral imagination to resolve ethical dilemmas. Specifically, we designed these case scenarios to develop skills in recognizing and resolving ethical dilemmas. Post-case survey responses indicate that beyond meeting the learning objectives, students personally relate to the protagonists. The cases are appropriate for graduate or undergraduate accounting courses, including capstone accounting courses, in which ethics, auditing, forensic accounting, and/or the professional code of conduct are discussed. Implementation guidance and Teaching Notes are provided to aid instructors seeking to motivate in-class discussions of the current.
Limitations of electronic compensation for measuring plethysmographic airway resistance in infants

Electronic compensation to overcome thermal artifacts during plethysmographic estimations of airway resistance is now used routinely in adults and school‐age children, and was shown to be a valuable means of discriminating airway function between preschool children with and without lung disease. A similar system is now commercially available for infants, which could increase the applicability of this technique. However, we noted marked discrepancies in electronically calculated values of airway resistance in this age group, both with respect to absolute values displayed and marked within‐subject variability on a single test occasion. The aim of this technical report is to summarize our recent findings in order to alert other users to potential problems. Airway resistance (Raw) was measured in 62 infants (28 with cystic fibrosis (CF); 34 healthy). Three to five epochs of quiet regular tidal breathing were collected in each infant. Marked within‐subject, within‐test variability was observed, with the median coefficient of variation (CV) being 9.1% (range, 1.2–52.6%) within and 8.5% (0.1–112%) between epochs. Among healthy infants, Raw varied from 0.1–6.4 (kPa · liter−1 · sec), with no relationship to either body or lung size and complete overlap of results with those from infants with CF, despite abnormal lung function in the latter when assessed by other means. The marked within‐ and between‐subject variability in healthy infants, and lack of discriminative power of Raw when derived from electronically compensated values, currently preclude application in either clinical or research studies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adapting the Survey of Attitudes towards Statistics (SATS-36) for Estonian Secondary School Students.

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Survey of Attitudes Towards Statistics (SATS-36) for Estonian secondary school students in order to develop a valid instrument to measure students’ attitudes within the Estonian educational context. The SATS-36 was administered to Estonian-speaking secondary school students before their compulsory statistics course. Because the fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis did not indicate a good fit, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to find a new model. It validated a four-factor structure of the scale, excluding nine items. Good indices for both reliability and validity were obtained. Trends in secondary school students’ attitudes were also examined to investigate the effects of gender and gender combined with the level of education. Results showed that students tended to feel rather positively about statistics at the beginning of the course. All four factors displayed differences between boys and girls. Comparison of lower and upper secondary level students showed that students from the upper secondary level value statistics more highly. The authors recommend SATS with some small proposed changes to make it even more suitable for the secondary level.
Portfolio Entrepreneurship as a Mixed Gamble: A Winning Bet for Family Entrepreneurs in SMEs

We conceptualize portfolio entrepreneurship (PE) decisions as a “mixed gamble” in which family entrepreneurs weigh potential gain and loss outcomes and analyze the unique socioemotional wealth tradeoffs implied by this strategic decision. Our theory suggests that, in small and medium enterprises contexts, family entrepreneurs will be more likely to engage in PE than non‐family entrepreneurs. In addition, our framework explores the amplifying effect of age, gender and ethnic origin on the likelihood to take the PE gamble.
On the Experimental Characterization of Beat Noise in 2-D Time-Spreading Wavelength-Hopping OCDMA Systems

The results of a preliminary experimental characterization of beat noise for the case of a particular two-dimensional time-spreading wavelength-hopping optical code family are presented. Beat noise is evaluated at a data rate of 2.5 Gb/s with and without time gating. Results indicate that this form of noise introduces significant system power penalties for both cases, with the former approach more robust in this respect
Evidence that L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase deficiency is lethal in Streptococcus mutans

In order to construct an effector strain for the replacement therapy of dental caries, we wished to combine the properties of low-level acid production and high-level colonization potential in a strain of Streptococcus mutans. To this end, we made a deletion in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene cloned from the bacteriocin-producing S. mutans strain JH1000. However, we were unable to substitute the mutant for the wild-type allele by transformation with linear DNA fragments. The mutated gene, carried on a suicide vector, was shown by Southern analysis to integrate into the JH1000 chromosome to yield transformants carrying both the wild-type gene and mutated LDH gene. Three spontaneous self-recombinants of one heterodiploid strain were isolated by screening 1,500 colonies for a loss of the tetracycline resistance encoded by the gene used to mark the LDH deletion. In all three cases, Southern analysis showed that a loss of tetracycline resistance was accompanied by a loss of the mutated LDH gene, resulting in restoration of the wild-type genotype. However, screening the same number of colonies for self-recombinants that did not make lactic acid during anaerobic growth in Todd-Hewitt broth failed to identify clones in which the wild-type allele was lost. A second, simpler screening of more than 80,000 colonies grown aerobically on glucose tetrazolium medium to identify low-level-acid-producing colonies was also unsuccessful. These results are interpreted as indicating that LDH deficiency is lethal in S. mutans under the cultivation conditions used in these experiments. The physiological bases for this hypothesis are described.
Branch manager characteristics and efficiency during capital controls

This paper investigates the impact of manager characteristics on bank branch efficiency during the extreme economic event of capital controls. A unique branch-level data set comprising of accounting and personal managerial information of a representative Greek systemic bank is utilised. A profit-oriented bootstrapped DEA model is run for both the total branch network of the bank under investigation and a homogeneous group of its branches, covering the period from January 2016 to February 2017. It is found that university graduate managers outperform on average their colleagues with a secondary education level regardless of the sample used. In the case of the homogeneous sample, more experienced managers can tackle adverse crisis effects on branch performance more effectively than inexperienced managers; this is even more applicable to the large branches. In this homogeneous branch framework, management experience can satisfactorily compensate for educational limitations caused by a manager not having higher education qualifications.
Organizational innovation: the role of leadership and organizational culture

The purpose of this paper is to approach the issue of how organizational innovation can be accelerated with the support of leadership structures and the organizational climate, specifically taking into account the top innovative universities of the world, which has not been found in previous empirical studies. ,A survey, based on a deductive approach, is adopted since the questionnaire for organizational innovation is designed for organizations in order to measure organizational innovation, widely used by experienced employees from senior managers to all kind of employees (Caird et al., 2013) facilitating the European Commission work, whereas for transformational leadership, a Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Bass and Avolio, 1994) is utilized. A complete online questionnaire was developed for collecting data, and the PLS-SEM statistical technique is used for analysis and results. ,Top innovative universities of the world mostly have a transformational leadership style directly triggering organizational innovation which is consistent with the previous studies, while transactional leadership is having a positive relationship with organizational culture and innovation, but the results were statistically insignificant. ,Based on this research and other previous studies, it is suggested that universities across the world ought to imply transformational leadership traits and style which have fostered organizational innovation in the top-ranked innovative universities in developed nations, whereas more factors needed to be studied so that comprehensive guidelines should be provided to universities and research institutes where innovation is stagnant and passive. ,The finding has practical implications, suggesting that universities and research institutes should draft and implement guidelines where leaders with certain traits and norms can play a role to nourish an environment where stakeholders think outside the box, with learning and knowledge creation, and proactive contribution beyond responsibilities, obligations, and compulsion. ,This study has suggested that less innovative universities should draft and design leadership and cultural enriching plans so that society, organizations, and commercial firms could foster innovation, ultimately benefiting general public and society. ,Very few of the scholars have investigated from the perspective of innovative universities, where knowledge is created and flows into organizations, either governmental or private, and society in general. As a result, this study aims to investigate how leadership has impacted the culture of knowledge creation and innovativeness in the top 100 innovative universities. So, this is among rare studies where universities are suggested to adopt innovation supporting culture and leadership.
Analysis of Hoteliers' E-Commerce and Information Technology Applications

ABSTRACT Numerous research studies are being conducted that are related to e-commerce and information technology (IT) applications in the hospitality industry with regard to operational, profitability, productivity, and management perspective. The focus of this study is to examine current e-commerce and IT applications in the hospitality industry and to identify the business travelers' needs relative to advanced e-commerce and IT applications to improve customer service. Hoffman and Chung (1999) stated that what customers want most is not what restaurants and hotels are necessarily implementing. This study discusses the typical problems and obstacles of implementing e-commerce and IT applications in hospitality, using the lodging e-commerce and IT applications to satisfy customers, and developing the lodging e-commerce and IT applications as a corporate competitive advantage. Moreover, this study investigated a variety of e-commerce and IT applications related to customer service, satisfaction, and retention as well as e-commerce and IT applications as a distribution channel for receiving travelers' information and accommodation booking. This study provides valuable implications for the hospitality practitioners about customer needs relative to e-commerce and IT applications.
Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Ischemic Heart Disease

OBJECTIVES Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a common problem after cardiac surgery. AF increases the risk for stroke and is associated with increased length of hospitalization. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for postoperative AF in a uniformly managed cohort of patients. DESIGN The records of 775 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or CABG + valve procedures were examined. Forward stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS Mean age was 64.6 +/- 8.7 years. The incidence of AF was 29.1% in patients undergoing isolated CABG and 48.6% after CABG + valve procedures. Multivariate analysis identified advanced age (p = 0.000003), low postoperative mixed venous oxygen saturation (p = 0.0018), hypertension (p = 0.0059), preoperative history of AF (p = 0.023) and the need for mechanical circulatory support (p = 0.030) as predictors for postoperative AF. CONCLUSIONS In agreement with previous studies, advanced age was the most important predictor of AF. Hypertension, history of AF and signs of circulatory failure were also predictive of AF. Preventive measures against AF should preferably be tested in high-risk populations, such as elderly patients.
Navigating the higher education border : routes to belonging for forced migrant students in the UK and Sweden

This thesis investigates the impact of managed migration policy and practice on forced migrants’ access to, and participation, in higher education. ‘Forced migrant’ is used as a broad non-legal term, which includes individuals with ‘settled’ and ‘unsettled’ claims for asylum. In Western Europe, the perceived influx of forced migrants has reinforced the hostile environment encountered by those whose experiences are characterised by exclusion and limbo. The distinct marginalisation imposed upon forced migrants within civil society is replicated within higher education. Forced migrants with unsettled immigration status are categorised as international students, rendering them ineligible for student funding. Yet, in spite of seemingly insurmountable challenges, it is often central to their aspirations and pursuit to belong in the destination country. This research draws on Foucauldian governmentality, Giddens theory of structuration and Bourdieu’s model of habitus and capital to explore the relationship between forced migration and higher education at different societal scales. This thesis investigates state-led governance, institutional university-level practice and the actions and impact of individuals – agents who work within higher education and forced migrants. A cross-national country comparison between the UK and Sweden, across six university sites, facilitated analysis of locally specific practices and their potential for extrapolation to the European and global level. This thesis responds to a palpable lack of research and data documenting forced migrants’ aspirations and participation in higher education, expanding our knowledge of this area and contributing to empirical and theoretical debates around key themes of displacement, limbo, and belonging. The invisibility of this group and the deficits in forced migrants’ capital contribute to the construction of the ‘higher education border’: wherein state-led managed migration policies of exclusion are enacted, as well as resisted. This thesis interrogates whether British (Article 26 scholarships) and Swedish (intensive language programmes such as Korta Vagen) initiatives targeting forced migrants perpetuate the higher education border and its inherent inequalities or achieve valuable incremental change.
In vitro susceptibility of Acinetobacter species to various antimicrobial agents

The in vitro activity of 18 antimicrobial agents against 40 clinical isolates each of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratum and Acinetobacter lwoffi was studied. Most of the newer 4-quinolone derivatives were extremely active against these organisms. Newer beta-lactam agents, such as cefpirome, BMY 28142, and BRL 36650, were also extremely active, inhibiting all strains at clinically achievable levels. Most agents were two- to fourfold more active against A. lwoffi.
Impairment of masticatory function in hemiplegia

We studied masseter muscle function in 15 hemiplegic patients. Direct motor responses to stimulation of the masseteric nerve were normal. Voluntary activity at maximum strength was reduced on the paretic side. The jaw jerk was symmetric, but facilitation by teeth clenching showed on the nonparetic side only. Masseter silent periods were ill-defined and prolonged in recordings from the paretic side. The second silent period, but not the first, was reduced in size when the paretic side was stimulated, and showed an increased habituation. Though the masticatory nucleus receives bilateral innervation, the contralateral hemisphere exerts a predominant control on voluntary activity and multisynaptic reflexes.
Taming the Dark Side of Asset Liquidity: The Role of Short-Term Debt

Abstract Using six alternative measures of asset liquidity, we examine the role short-term debt plays in taming the dark side of asset liquidity, which is the negative effect of high asset liquidity facing unsecured bondholders. The evidence from simultaneous equations models, which addresses the joint determination of leverage and debt maturity, indicates that short-term debt mitigates the negative effect. This moderating role of short-term debt is further shown to be more effective during a financial crisis and for firms with poor performance. This provides further evidence that short-term debt helps resolve the agency conflicts facing unsecured bondholders.