Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF) in the management of degenerative scoliosis: a retrospective case series.

Background Surgical treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis (DS) always remains a challenge and often necessitates complex multilevel surgery via traditional open approaches. However, the severity of the procedure, in association with the fact that many of these patients are at an advanced age with several comorbidities, results in high rate of complications. Therefore, during the last decade, minimally invasive procedures have gained a place in the treatment of this pathology. Our aim is to determine the safety and efficacy of extra lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF) with or without supplemented instrumentation in the treatment of DS. Methods In a retrospective case series study, we reviewed the files of patients who underwent XLIF in our Hospital between 2008 and 2017. We recorded the patients' demographic characteristics, clinical parameters such as back-pain [visual analogue scale (VAS)] and back-related disability [Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)], as well as radiological parameters including the Cobb angle. Comparison of the before and after results were performed with the t-test and Chi-square test, where appropriate. Results Twelve patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria of our study. All patients were female, with a mean age of 64.5 years (SD =7.8 years) and 28 months (SD =13 months) follow-up. The XLIF decreased the pain intensity by 4.66 cm (SD =1.23 cm), and improved the back-related disability by 26% (SD =8.35%) in the ODI scale at the 6-month follow-up. Similarly, scoliosis improved by an average of 11.5° (SD =7°) and lordosis changed by an average of 13.5° (SD =10.86°). All changes were statistically significant. There were three complications, two patients presented meralgia paresthetica, which resolved spontaneously in 3 months, and in one patient occurred an intraoperative bowel perforation treated with bowel anastomosis. Conclusions XLIF is a feasible and efficient alternative in the treatment of DS. It can be the treatment of choice in elderly patients in whom comorbidities increase the perioperative risk of complications.
UPLC-MS/MS of Atractylenolide I, Atractylenolide II, Atractylenolide III, and Atractyloside A in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Raw and Wheat Bran-Processed Atractylodis Rhizoma

Atractylodis Rhizoma is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. or Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz and is often processed by stir-frying with wheat bran to reduce its dryness and increase its spleen tonifying activity. However, the mechanism by which the processing has this effect remains unknown. To explain the mechanism based on the pharmacokinetics of the active compounds, a rapid, sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to analyze atractylenolides I, II, and III, and atractyloside A simultaneously in rat plasma after oral administration of raw and processed Atractylodis Rhizoma. Acetaminophen was used as the internal standard and the plasma samples were pretreated with methanol. Positive ionization mode coupled with multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to analyze the four compounds. The method validation revealed that all the calibration curves displayed good linear regression over the concentration ranges of 3.2–350, 4–500, 4–500, and 3.44–430 ng/mL for atractylenolides I, II, and III, and atractyloside A, respectively. The relative standard deviations of the intra- and inter-day precisions of the four compounds were less than 6% with accuracies (relative error) below 2.38%, and the extraction recoveries were more than 71.90 ± 4.97%. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the four compounds were estimated with Drug and Statistics 3.0 and the integral pharmacokinetics were determined based on an area under the curve weighting method. The results showed that the integral maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve increased after oral administration of processed Atractylodis Rhizoma.
Fusion imaging of pre- and post-procedural computed tomography angiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients: evaluation of prosthesis position and its influence on new conduction disturbances.

AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate prosthesis position by fusion of pre- and post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) computed tomography angiography (CTA) images and to investigate its influence on the occurrence of new conduction disturbances (CD). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed CTA fusion imaging in 120 TAVI patients (Edwards Sapien 3) on a standard image post-processing workstation to obtain a 3D reconstruction of the transcatheter heart valve (THV) position within the native annulus region. Optimal implantation depth of the THV was defined according to the manufacturers recommendations as 70-80% of the prosthesis above (aortic) and 20-30% below (ventricular) the native annulus plane. Pre- and post-interventional electrocardiograms (ECGs) were assessed for the development of new CD. THV position was found to be within, above, or below the prespecified margins in 32 patients (27%), 71 patients (59%), and 17 patients (14%), respectively. Interobserver reliability was high for fusion measurements [e.g. median THV position 0.983, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.935-0.996]. Patients with low stent position were significantly more likely to develop new CD compared with patients with optimal or high stent position (P = 0.039). Independent predictors of CD in multivariate analysis were low THV position [odds ratio (CI): 1.362 (1.093-1.698), P = 0.006] and calcification of the device landing zone [odds ratio (CI): 1.149 (1.024-1.289), P = 0.018]. CONCLUSION Fusion imaging of pre- and post-TAVI-CTA allows for the exact evaluation of THV position in relation to the native annulus plane. A low THV position as assessed by fusion imaging is associated with the development of new CD post-TAVI.
A Comparison of Stress Perception in International and Local First Semester Medical Students Using Psychometric, Psychophysiological, and Humoral Methods

(1) Medical doctors and medical students show increased psychological stress levels. International medical students seem to be particularly vulnerable. (2) We compared different methods of assessing stress levels in international and local first year medical students. First, study participants completed questionnaires related to stress, depression, empathy, and self-efficacy (MBI, PSQ, PHQ-9, JSPE-S, and GSE) at three separate points in time (T1 to T3). Second, their heart rate variabilities (HRVs) were recorded in an oral examination, a seminar, and in a relaxing situation. Third, hair samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the semester to assess the cortisol concentration. (3) Included were 20 international and 20 local first semester medical students. At T1, we found considerable differences between international and local students in the JSPE-S; at T2 in the MBI factor “professional efficacy”, the PHQ-9, and in the JSPE-S; and at T3 in the MBI factors “cynicism” and “professional efficacy”, the PHQ-9, and in the JSPE-S. International and local students also differed concerning their HRVs during relaxation. Over the course of the semester, international students showed changes in the MBI factors “emotional exhaustion” and “professional efficacy”, the PHQ-9, and the GSE. Local students showed changes in the GSE. No effects were found for students’ hair cortisol concentrations. (4) All participants showed low levels of stress. However, while international students experienced their stress levels to decrease over the course of the semester, local students found their stress levels to increase.
A Glossary of Cognitive Linguistics

Cognitive linguistics is one of the most rapidly expanding schools in linguistics with, by now, an impressive and complex technical vocabulary. This alphabetic guide gives an up-to-date introduction to the key terms in cognitive linguistics, covering all the major theories, approaches, ideas and many of the relevant theoretical constructs. The Glossary also features a brief introduction to cognitive linguistics, a detailed annotated reading list and a listing of some of the key researchers in cognitive linguistics. The Glossary can be used as a companion volume to Cognitive Linguistics, by Vyvyan Evans and Melanie Green, or as a stand-alone introduction to cognitive linguistics and its two hitherto best developed sub-branches: cognitive semantics, and cognitive approaches to grammar. Key features: * A handy and easily understandable pocket guide for anyone embarking on courses in cognitive linguistics, and language and mind. * Supplies numerous cross-references to related terms. * Includes coverage of newer areas such as Radical Construction Grammar, Embodied Construction Grammar, Primary MetaphorTheory and Principled Polysemy.
Association Between High Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Delayed Recovery From Bell’s Palsy

Objectives Factors predictive of the severity of and recovery from Bell’s palsy remain unclear. This study evaluated the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the severity of and recovery from Bell’s palsy. Methods This retrospective study included 51 patients who were hospitalized with Bell’s palsy from 2015 to 2017. Degree of paralysis was assessed by House-Brackmann (H-B) grade. Patients with H-B grades 2–4 were classified as having mild to moderate palsy and patients with H-B grade 5 or 6 were classified as having severe palsy. Patients were evaluated for obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and blood tests were performed to determine NLR and platelet to lymphocyte ratio. Patients were treated with steroids and antiviral agents. H-B grade was assessed 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment. Results NLR was significantly higher in patients with severe than with mild to moderate palsy (P=0.048). Recovery time was significantly longer in patients with high NLR than low NLR (P=0.045). Conclusion Higher NLR in patients with Bell’s palsy was associated with longer recovery time. NLR may be prognostic of recovery time in patients with Bell’s palsy.
Reduced vision-related quality of life in people living with dystonia

Abstract Purpose: Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder with negative impact on function and quality of life. It is currently unclear whether vision-related quality of life is affected. The aim of this study was to determine whether vision-related quality of life is reduced by dystonia. Materials and methods: A vision-related quality of life questionnaire was delivered online to probe visual function in people living with dystonia. Scores for each of six domains were compared to normative data of 819 healthy participants using one sample t-tests. Respondents were divided into two groups based on whether they had botulinum toxin injections and compared using independent samples t-tests. Results: There were 42 completed responses. There was a difference from norm for two domains; ocular symptoms (t(41) = 2.31, p = 0.026) and role performance (t(41) = 2.85, p = 0.007). There was variation in responses for all six domains. No difference in scores for the botulinum toxin injection group was found for either domain (both p > 0.74). Conclusions: Some people with dystonia experience reduced vision-related quality of life, which has potential to contribute to their disability. Health professionals should be aware of vision-related issues when managing people with dystonia and consider appropriate rehabilitative interventions to reduce disability and enhance quality of life. Implications for rehabilitation Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder resulting in abnormal postures and movements. Vision-related quality of life is reduced by dystonia which may contribute to disability and reduced function. Strategies to improve vision-related quality of life should be included in rehabilitation programmes for people living with dystonia.
Response of Ruderal Species Diversity to an Urban Environment: Implications for Conservation and Management

Anthropogenic activities have weakened the invasion of ruderals and increased the number of non-native species in urban areas. Ruderals are an important component of urban plant diversity and are of great significance to the sustainable development of urban green space. We used the tessellation–randomized plot method to examine the composition and biodiversity of ruderal species among urban land use types (LUTs) in the built-up areas of Beijing. Soil samples from the surface to a depth of 10 cm were taken from each site to examine the impact of soil characteristics on ruderal species diversity. Results showed that a total of 120 ruderal species were observed, including 71 native and 49 non-native species. Among them, 90% were identified as Cosmopolitan. Native species accounted for the majority of ruderals across all the eight LUTs. Institutional, residential, and woodlot areas with coarser management had higher ruderal species richness than did commercial areas and roadside lawns. Allergenic species showed the highest proportions in municipal parks, and invasive species accounted for 20% of all ruderal species. Ruderal species diversity was related to distance from the urban center, pruning intensity, and soil characteristics. These results suggest that with ruderals playing an important role in urban grass species diversity, there is tremendous potential for more native species in Beijing lawns, which would contribute substantially to increasing the ecological system’s functional benefits. Ruderal species accustomed to the causal processes and environmental conditions of different LUTs should be used and conserved properly to improve the harsh conditions of different LUTs and to sustain ecosystem health.
Verkeersmodellen verrijken met onbetrouwbaarheid OV vanuit een reizigersperspectief

In verkeersmodellen rijdt al het OV op tijd. Huidige, state of the art, verkeersmodellen houden namelijk geen expliciete rekening met de betrouwbaarheid van de dienstuitvoering van OV, terwijl het door reizigers als een van de belangrijkste aspecten wordt gezien. Om dit aspect mee te kunnen nemen in een verkeersmodel, wordt in dit paper een driestappenplan gepresenteerd, gebruik makend van data over de gerealiseerde dienstuitvoering uit GOVI (Grenzeloze OV Informatie). Deze drie stappen bestaan uit het bepalen van de rijtijdspreiding van de voertuigen, het bepalen van het effect op wacht- en in-voertuigtijd en uiteindelijk het bepalen van het verwachte effect van onbetrouwbaarheid op de gemiddelde reistijd per reiziger. Deze benadering is succesvol getest op het verkeersmodel van de regio Utrecht: door het toevoegen van OV onbetrouwbaarheid per lijn of traject in het model, is de verklarende waarde van het model toegenomen: het resultaat voor kalibratie komt 18% dichter bij de telcijfers. Doordat OV onbetrouwbaarheid expliciet wordt meegenomen, is het mogelijk om verbeteringen in de betrouwbaarheid expliciet mee te nemen als modelvariant. Dit biedt mogelijkheden voor het evalueren van maatregelen die niet zo zeer de snelheid van het OV beinvloeden, maar wel de betrouwbaarheid. De modelresultaten kunnen bijvoorbeeld input zijn voor een maatschappelijke kosten-baten analyse. Verbeterde betrouwbaarheid kan immers substantiele maatschappelijke baten tot gevolg hebben. Het driestappenplan is een eerste aanpak en toepassing van het meenemen van onbetrouwbaarheid van OV in verkeersmodellen. De volgende stap is het verfijnen van deze methodiek door bijv. onbetrouwbaarheid als zelfstandig aspect in de nutsfunctie mee te nemen.
Modeling the Asian Longhorned Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) Suitable Habitat in North America

Abstract Asian longhorned or bush tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) is a vector species of considerable medical and veterinary importance within its native range in East Asia, and in introduced areas of Australia and Oceania. Recently, this tick species was detected in several regions of the United States. This study aimed at modeling areas suitable for H. longicornis in North America using maximum entropy distribution modeling or Maxent. Occurrence records of H. longicornis within its present range were obtained from published literature. The Maxent model contained a small number of a priori climatic and ecological variables. Annual temperature, precipitation, and ecological zones were found the most important in creating sensitive and specific model (success rate = 91.8%) that had a good fit to the existing data. The model predicted suitable H. longicornis habitat in most of eastern North America from southern Canada to the Gulf Coast, and in a small temperate area on the West Coast. Coastal areas were among the highest ranked suitable habitat. Another highly suitable region was identified in mid-western and southern United States where Heartland virus transmission takes place. This finding is of concern, since H. longicornis ticks vector a closely related virus in East Asia. Delineation of areas suitable for H. longicornis can facilitate detection, prepare public health authorities, and inform the general public about this potentially pestiferous and medically important species.
A neural network model of encoding rules in the prefrontal cortex

In order to investigate encoding of rules in the prefrontal (PF) cortex, we simulated the physiological results of Wallis et al. (2001). They explored its neural basis by recording from single neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys trained to use two rules. As a result, they found neurons selective for learned rules regardless of samples and cues. However, the functional role of the rule-selective neurons has not yet been elucidated. To investigate how the brain may implement rule-guided behaviour, a fully recurrent neural network model was optimized to perform a rule-guided delayed matching-to-sample task. In the model's hidden layer rule-selective units, object-selective units and complex units were found and an examination of connection weights showed that rule-selective neurons maintain encoded rule information, while complex units contribute to outputs.
El mecanismo de producción de la vibrante apical múltiple

El mecanismo de la vibrante apical multiple no se habia descrito de fonna convincente en los tratados clasicos de fonetica ya que se intenta explicarlo mediante la elasticidad del apice o por su rigidez o por el simple paso del aire. Ninguna de estas explicacions es satisfactoria. El Teorema de Bemoulli, que establece que la velocidad y la presion de un fluido son inversamante proporcionales a lo largo de una linea particular, sirve de explicacion al movimiento de vaiven del apice lingual. Este se eleva hasta tocar los alveolos con cierta presion. La presion del aire espirado ira aumentando progresivamente hasta vencer la resistencia del apice, que acaba separandose y dejando una aberture estrecha por la que se desliza a gran velocidad, lo cual causa una disminucion de su presion y una especie de vacio que obliga al apice a elevarse de nuevo, completando asi el ciclo, que se repite dos o tres veces como minimo
Cytotoxic and Antileishmanial Components from the Bark Extract of Ruyschia phylladenia from Monteverde, Costa Rica

The bark of Ruyschia phylladenia was collected from Monteverde, Costa Rica, and extracted with acetone. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of the crude acetone bark extract of R. phylladenia led to isolation and identification of lupeol, betulinic acid, and isofraxidin. Lupeol and betulinic acid showed in-vitro cytotoxic activity to MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and 5637 human tumor cell lines. Isofraxidin was not cytotoxic, but did show antileishmanial activity to Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes.
One-year follow-up of a randomized trial with a dilemma-focused intervention for depression: Exploring an alternative to problem-oriented strategies

Background Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is aimed to counteract cognitions and behaviours that are considered as dysfunctional. The aim of the study is to test whether the inclusion of a non-counteractive approach (dilemma-focused intervention, DFI) in combination with CBT group therapy will yield better short- and long-term outcomes than an intervention conducted entirely using CBT. Method A total of 128 patients with depression and at least one cognitive conflict, of six health community centres in Barcelona, participated from November of 2011 to December of 2014 in seven weekly group CBT sessions and were then randomly allocated to either DFI or CBT (eight individual sessions each) by an independent researcher. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II at baseline, at the end of therapy and three- and twelve-month follow-ups. Therapists did not participate in any of the assessments nor in the randomisation of patients and evaluators were masked to group assignment. Both intention to treat and complete case analyses were performed using linear mixed models with random effects. Findings According to intention-to-treat analysis (F2, 179 = 0.69) and complete case analysis (F2, 146 = 0.88), both conditions similarly reduced the severity of symptoms across posttreatment assessments. For the 77 participants (CBTgroup +CBTindividual = 40; CBTgroup+DFIindividual = 37) that completed allocated treatment and one-year follow-up assessment, response and remission rates were relative higher for the DFI condition, however no significant differences were found between treatment conditions. The relapse rates were similar between treatment conditions (CBTgroup +CBTindividual = 7/20; CBTgroup+DFIindividual = 8/22). Interpretation Although using a counteractive approach across all the treatment sessions is quite effective, it does not seem to be necessary to produce significant improvement. DFI may be considered as an alternative, which could be included in a wider treatment for depression. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; ID: NCT01542957.
Treatment of humerus fractures in the elderly: A systematic review covering effectiveness, safety, economic aspects and evolution of practice

Objectives The objective of this Health Technology Assessment was to evaluate effectiveness, complications and cost-effectiveness of surgical or non-surgical treatment for proximal, diaphyseal or distal fractures of the humerus in elderly patients. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the intervention costs per treatment of proximal humerus fractures (PHF) and to investigate treatment traditions of PHF in Sweden. Methods and findings The assessment contains a systematic review of clinical and health economic studies comparing treatment options for humerus fractures in elderly patients. The results regarding the effectiveness of treatments are summarized in meta-analyses. The assessment also includes a cost analysis for treatment options and an analysis of registry data of PHF. For hemiarthroplasty (HA) and non-operative treatment, there was no clinically important difference for moderately displaced PHF at one-year follow-up regarding patient rated outcomes, (standardized mean difference [SMD]) -0.17 (95% CI: -0.56; 0.23). The intervention cost for HA was at least USD 5500 higher than non-surgical treatment. The trend in Sweden is that surgical treatment of PHF is increasing. When functional outcome of percutaneous fixation/plate fixation/prosthesis surgery and non-surgical treatment was compared for PHF there were no clinically relevant differences, SMD -0.05 (95% CI: -0.26; 0.15). There was not enough data for interpretation of quality of life or complications. Evidence was scarce regarding comparisons of different surgical options for humerus fracture treatment. The cost of plate fixation of a PHF was at least USD 3900 higher than non-surgical treatment, costs for complications excluded. In Sweden the incidence of plate fixation of PHF increased between 2005 and 2011. Conclusions There is moderate/low certainty of evidence that surgical treatment of moderately displaced PHF in elderly patients has not been proven to be superior to less costly non-surgical treatment options. Further research of humerus fractures is likely to have an important impact.