Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROTECTING WIRELESS DATA TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE APPLICATION SYSTEMS USING DIGITAL WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE

There have been many cases of fake documents be used for important legal transactions. This includes the use of fake degrees or certificates during professional job applications either in private sectors or government related firms. Since many people are using smart phones currently, it is possible to have a mobile application system (apps) that can validate the correctness of legal documents or certificates in realtime basis. The apps must be able to validate the certificate by confirming it with the data obtained from a registered database owned by relevant academic institutions. However, since these data require wireless transmissions which are vulnerable to data manipulations by hackers, this paper introduces a protection measure using encrypted elements of user authentication to watermark the transmitting data. This is to ensure the data being transmitted using the mobile apps are secured from being hacked by unauthorized parties and without much time delay. To analyze the effectiveness of this watermarking technique, a special mobile apps is developed. The effectiveness of the technique is measured in terms of the correctness of the data before and after being transmitted, the time taken to process the data before and after being transmitted and the processing time increment rate versus the data size increment. From this experiment, not only the correctness of the certificate could be confirmed instantly but also the transmitted data are well protected without much data processing delay. This indicates that the proposed watermarking technique is effective to ensure the data are well protected during wireless transmission and therefore users can conveniently use the apps to immediately detect fake degrees.
Growth Effects of Consumption Jealousy in a Two-Sector Model

Abstract: This paper aims at analyzing the implications of individuals' consumption jealousy on the dynamic structure of a two-sector model economy. We find that status-seeking substantially influences both, the long-term properties and the adjustment behavior of the model. Depending on the status motive, productivity disturbances might induce countercyclical responses of work effort whereas preference shocks are expected to generate an overshooting relative capital intensity. Generally we findthat, for empirically plausible values of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, a higher degree of consumption jealousy induces agents to devote more time to education which stimulates human capital accumulation and hence promotes economic growth. ;
Exercise and Gut Microbiome

Chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity etc. now account for 60% of all recorded deaths globally. Physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet are important risk factors in the etiology of these diseases [1-3]. The level or extent of recommended physical activity to attain health benefits is currently recommended by WHO as 150 minutes (moderate activity) or 75 minutes (high intensity activity) in a week. Understanding how physical activity improves the health conditions of an individual is a challenging and daunting task but in the last decade due to the advancement of molecular tools especially Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) we now seem to be closer to such understanding [4,5]. An important part of this new understanding is supported by the fact that we can now characterize our gut microbiome as heathier or less healthy according to microbial population profiles through NGS (through metagenomics analysis). Through various human prospective and retrospective studies it has been shown that exercise affects the gut microbiome composition and ultimately it’s metabolic profile and hence shifts the microbiome towards a healthier microbial profile. In spite of the great interindividual variation in the composition of gut microbiota its now seems clear that lowering the species diversity is associated with negative health effects while, surprisingly, physical exercise seems to supportan increase in the diversity of the gut microbiome, thereby modulating it towards a healthier profile and exerts more beneficial effects by as well [6].
Compliance with antiretroviral treatment in HIV/AIDS patients on a methadone maintenance program

Recent advances in “Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies” (HAART), aimed at controlling and preventing the spreading of HIV/AIDS, have improved the quality of life and life expectancies of many patients with this fatal disease. Nevertheless, a significant number of difficulties persist, such as the existence of individuals from disadvantaged groups, that traditionally have had difficulty accessing high-quality health care in some countries, who have not benefited from these treatments. Adverse drug reactions and non compliance with treatment regimens increase the problems for the control of the disease. This work reviews studies on compliance with antiretroviral treatments regimens in injection drug users. We briefly went over the changes and improvements in HIV/AIDS and specialized drug addiction management services in the developed world and analyzed the relationship between HAART compli-ance and some psychosocial and clinical variables: anxiety, depression, stress, social support, self-efficacy, self-effort, and drug use. Finally, our review study suggests broad future intervention and research lines.
Firing Costs, Subcontracting and Employment Dynamics

This paper studies the impact of severance payments on employment when firms can subcontract as a substitute for hiring workers. In countries with strict job security regulations firms use flexible stang arrangements to buer the regular workforce from economic fluctuations and avoid workers’ firing costs. I set up a general equilibrium model in the tradition of Hopenhayn and Rogerson (1993) where firms can hire subcontractors that are totally flexible, and permanent workers that entail firing costs. Both types are perfect substitutes in production, but permanent workers are relatively less expensive as subcontractors’ charges are higher than the firm’s own production costs. I estimate the model using a simulated method of moments by fitting employment dynamics of Chilean manufacturing plants. I find that allowing firms to subcontract workers increases output, employment and productivity. This eect is stronger on output as subcontracted workers allow firms to respond more aggressively
Operator Dirac Riemannian Manifolds With Killing Spoinors

In this paper uniform upper and lower continuous Species Dirac Riemannian manifolds R M D    with curvature bounds on 1     k k R M C as surfaces and applications compact Riemannian boundary R M S    is complete with charts Riemannianon differential on R 
The paleolithic ketogenic diet may ensure adequate serum magnesium levels

Author(s): Clemens, Zsofia, Dr. | Abstract: Introduction Magnesium plays an essential role in several enzymatic reactions. Its deficiency is known to be widespread and has been associated with a variety of pathological conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and/or oxidative stress. The connection between the metabolism of glucose and magnesium at the cell level is well-established. We hypothesize that magnesium deficiency in chronic conditions is primarily due to Western type carbohydrate based metabolism. In previous case studies we have shown that magnesium levels are normal on the paleolithic ketogenic diet. Here we assessed magnesium levels in a larger sample (n=50) to address whether the paleolithic ketogenic diet is able to ensure normal blood magnesium levels. Materials and Methods To assess magnesium levels in patients and healthy controls on the paleolithic ketogenic diet in a larger sample, we retrospectively analysed laboratory data obtained from 50 patients/subjects who were following the diet and were also not taking magnesium or other supplements. Correlation calculation was performed between magnesium and glucose levels. Results We found magnesium levels to be in the normal range in all but one patient/subject. There was a significant inverse correlation between glucose and magnesium levels. Discussion Our results indicate that the paleolithic ketogenic diet ensures normal magnesium levels in various pathological conditions as well as in healthy subjects. We believe that the high prevelance of magnesium deficiency reported earlier for a variety of chronic conditions is correlated with carbohydrate-based Western type nutrition rather than that of the chronic condition itself. We discuss underlying mechanisms.
A Comparative Analysis of Real and Accrual Earnings Management Around Initial Public Offerings Under Different Regulatory Environments

While earnings management around IPOs has been researched in a number of settings, there has been a relative absence of work that analyses the impact of the regulatory environment on such activities. We find that the regulatory environment does impact the real and accrual earnings management activities of IPO firms. Our results show that IPO firms listing on the lightly regulated UK Alternative Investment Market (AIM) have higher (lower) levels of accrual based and sales based (discretionary expenses based) earnings management around the IPO than firms listing on the more heavily regulated Main market in the UK.
1 ACCRUAL REVERSALS AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE : ANALYSIS OF EMERGING MARKET 1

This is a pioneering study on total accrual reversals, i.e. long-term reversals and their role in company performance in an emerging market. This study observes the impact of total accrual reversals on company performance more exclusively. The sample consists of 100 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE). The purpose is to examine the role of long-term reversals in the performance of companies by observing the impact of total accrual reversals for the current period as well as the previous period on the earnings as it is used as a proxy for company performance. The Pooled OLS Robust method with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors is used. The result indicates that total accrual reversals of the previous and current period affect the earnings of companies positively. This result rejects the perception that accrual reversal does not predict the earnings in the long-term perspective. The study concludes that the role of reversals of total accruals in the performance of companies is positive, which is beneficial for growing companies in an emerging market. Hence, companies should increase the total accrual reversals to enhance their performance and attract foreign investors.
Histoarchitectural variations during Oocyte growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

During the present study changes in gonadsomatic index and hepatosomatic index in different reproductive phases of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss has been worked out. This study represents detail description of histological variations during developmental stages of ovarian follicles. In this study, oocyte growth has been described in 7 stages Chromatin-nucleolus, Perinucleolar, Cortical alveolus, Primary vitellogenesis, Secondary vitelliogenesis, Maturation and Spent phase. The mean oocyte diameter increased from 183. 5µm at perinucleolar phase to 2249. 5µm in maturation phase, and nuclear dimensions changed from 73.5 µm in perinucleolar phase to 184 µm in secondary Vitellogenic stage. During this dramatic increase in the ooplasm and follicle wall revealed a numerous changes in morphological characteristics like nuclear extrusion, alveoli formation, vitelliogenesis, and variations in thickness of zona pellucida. These morphological changes in growing oocyte have been discussed in relation to various physiological factors, including endocrine, exocrine and environmental cues.
Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Economic Growth in Botswana

The study tests the effect of macroeconomic variables on economic growth, establishes the key drivers of economic growth and the casual relationship between economic growth and macroeconomic variables. Annual macroeconomic data was used for the period 1975-2012. The study employed the Vector error correction model and Vector Autoregression techniques. Findings suggest that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and inflation had a positive effect on economic growth, the key drivers of economic growth was its previous performance and FDI flows explaining 89% and 8% of variations respectively. The study supports the endogenous growth and the model of technology diffusion. Causality was unidirectional moving from economic growth to FDI and from gross fixed capital formation to GDP growth. Maintaining low inflation with the 3-6% target and high levels of FDI are vital for the growth. FDI can be increased by giving tax concessions to investors and removal of protectionist policies. Training of labour force is vital to widen absorptive capacity of new technology. Keywords: FDI, Economic Growth, Inflation and VECM
Measuring the Risk Attitude of Decision‐Makers: Are There Differences between Groups of Methods and Persons?

Many studies quantifying individual risk preferences of test persons show that results of different measuring methods may vary. Additional reservations about the reliability of the results regarding the risk attitude measurement arise from the fact that most studies are based on convenience groups, such as students or businessmen in developing countries. With this in mind, we systematically compare different measuring methods to answer the question how the choice of method affects the results. Moreover, we compare the risk preferences of German farmers with those of students and Kazakhstani farmers to investigate whether farmers’ risk preferences can be approximated through those of convenience groups. The methods applied comprise an incentive-compatible Holt-and-Laury-lottery as well as two psychometric methods. Results show that students respond consistently across all three elicitation methods whereas German and Kazakhstani farmers are more inconsistent. Significant differences exist in the responses of German students and German farmers. The comparison of risk preferences between German and Kazakhstani farmers, however, reveals significant similarities with respect to the psychometric methods.
PII: S0031-9201(00)00174-6

We infer the radial viscosity structure of the Earth’s mantle from observations of long-wavelength geoid, glacially-induced sea-level changes, and changes in the Earth’s rotation and gravitational field. We employ a combination of forward and formal inverse modeling of long-term mantle circulation driven by large-scale density differences deduced from seismic tomography. Based on the resulting unscaled mantle viscosity profiles, we model the time-dependent glacial isostatic adjustment of the Earth related to past and present changes in the ice-ocean mass imbalance and we deduce scaled mantle viscosity profiles, which simultaneously fit the long-wavelength geoid constraint and glacially-induced changes of the Earth’s shape. Three mantle viscosity profiles are fitting the observational data equally well. All profiles are characterized by a two order of magnitude variation of viscosity within the Earth’s mantle. Variations of viscosity in the upper mantle are less than one order of magnitude. In the lower mantle, the viscosity differs significantly with depth for all models. Average viscosities in the upper and lower mantle are around (2−5)×1020 and(1−3)×1022 Pa s, respectively. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
EVALUATION OF TRM IN THE COMPLEX THROUGH WALL ENVIRONMENT

Practical interests arising from behind-the-wall target detection, surveillance and reconnaissance etal. claim for high capability of imaging in complicated environments. Time Reversal Mirror (TRM) technique, making use of the principle of reciprocity, emerges as a promising way to deal with such complex problem. In this paper, we investigate TRM in the ultra-wideband (UWB) through wall radar imaging (TWRI) through numerical simulation. The probing region is a square room, with walls of rough surface and random media parameters. TRM is used to image the target settled in the room. We evaluate the degradation of the images when the aperture of the array is decreased or the received signals are contaminated by noises. The back projection (BP) algorithm is employed here as a comparison for imaging quality. For the case in which the random walls are changed between the forward and inverse phase of time reversal, we check the imaging stability and applied an averaged Green's function to improve the imaging quality. Finally, some interesting conclusions are drawn.
AM-FM Analysis of Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Images

This thesis proposes the application of multi-dimensional Amplitude-Modulation Frequency-Modulation (AM-FM) methods to magnetic resonance images (MRI). The basic goal is to provide a framework for exploring non-stationary characteristics of structural and functional MRI (sMRI and fMRI). First, we provide a comparison framework for the most popular AM-FM methods using different filterbank configurations that includes Gabor, Equirriple and multiscale directional designs. We compare the performance and robustness to Gaussian noise using synthetic FM image examples. We show that the multi-dimensional quasi-local method (QLM) with an equiripple filterbank gave the best results in terms of instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation. We then apply the best performing AM-FM method to sMRI to compute the 3D IF features. We use a t-test on the IF magnitude for each voxel to find evidence of significant differences between healthy controls and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=353) can be found in the IF.
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria”

New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis integrating magnetic resonance image assessment with clinical and other paraclinical methods were introduced in 2001. The “McDonald Criteria” have been extensively assessed and used since 2001. New evidence and consensus now strengthen the role of these criteria in the multiple sclerosis diagnostic workup to demonstrate dissemination of lesions in time, to clarify the use of spinal cord lesions, and to simplify diagnosis of primary progressive disease. The 2005 Revisions to the McDonald Diagnostic Criteria for MS should simplify and speed diagnosis, whereas maintaining adequate sensitivity and specificity. Ann Neurol 2005
Small Scale Industries and Rural Development in Edo State, Nigeria

The future of the industrial development of this nation depends to a large extent on the growth and development of the potentials of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). Small scale industries play a considerable role in the employment of manpower and productivity, distribution of income across the regions through increased investments and profits. In fact, they are termed ‘rural developing motors’. The objective of this study is to highlight the roles and constraints of small scale industries in the rural development of Edo state. The data collected were obtained through field observations, oral interviews and questionnaire administration. The data received were analysed using statistical techniques. Findings revealed that small scale industries have seriously impacted in the area of employment and household income generation . It also shows that there is lack of management skills, poor record keeping and weak access to financing.
Phase-locked stereoscopic PIV measurements of the turbulent swirling flow in a dynamic model of a uniflow-scavenged two-stroke engine cylinder

It is desirable to use computational fluid dynamics for the optimization of in-cylinder processes in large two-stroke low-speed uniflowscavenged marine diesel engines. However, the complex nature of the turbulent swirling in-cylinder flow necessitates experimental data for validation of the used turbulence models. In the present work, the flow in a dynamic scale model of a uniflow-scavenged cylinder is investigated experimentally. The model has a transparent cylinder and a movable piston driven by a linear motor. The flow is investigated using phase-locked stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) and time resolved laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Radial profiles of the phase-averaged mean velocities are computed from the velocity fields recorded with PIV and the validity of the obtained profiles is demonstrated by comparison with reference LDA measurements. Radial profiles are measured at five axial positions for 15 different times during the engine cycle and shows the temporal and spatial development of the swirling in-cylinder flow. The tangential velocity profiles in the bottom of the cylinder near the end of the scavenging process are characterized by a concentrated swirl resulting in wake-like axial velocity profiles and the occurrence of a vortex breakdown. After scavenge port closing the axial velocity profiles indicate that large transient swirl-induced structures exists in the cylinder. Comparison with profiles obtained under steady-flow conditions shows that the steady profiles in general will not be representative for the dynamic conditions. The temporal development of the swirl strength is investigated by computing the angular momentum. The swirl strength shows an exponential decay from scavenge port closing to scavenge port opening corresponding to a reduction of 34%.
Farmers' Technical Experience about Production Technologies of Mothbean Cultivation in Western Region of Rajasthan

The study was conducted in hyper arid partially irrigated western plain zone-Ic of Rajasthan with selection of Bikaner and Churu districts with the sample size of 316 respondents, they were cultivating mothbean for last 5 years. Results indicated that majority of respondents had medium knowledge. Cultivators possessed technology wise high knowledge about irrigation management, sowing time, seed rate and method of sowing and use of improved seed. The farmers possessed very little knowledge about application of culture, seed treatment and recommended spacing in respect to mothbean cultivation technology regarding component wise knowledge. Most of the farmers had good knowledge about recommended production technologies. Out of fifteen independent variable only two variables i.e. credit behaviour and economic motivation were found non-significantly associated with knowledge level of the farmers about recommended production technologies of mothbean cultivation.