Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The radiated seismic energy and apparent stress of interplate and intraplate earthquakes at subduction zone environments; implications for seismic hazard estimation

The radiated seismic energies (Es) of 980 shallow subduction-zone earthquakes with magnitudes > 5.8 are used to examine global patterns of energy release and apparent stress. In contrast to traditional methods which have relied upon empirical formulas, these energies are computed through direct spectral analysis of broadband seismic waveforms. Energy gives a physically different measure of earthquake size than moment. Moment, being derived from the low-frequency asymptote of the displacement spectra, is related to the final static displacement. Thus, moment is crucial to the long-term tectonic implication of an earthquake. In contrast, energy, being derived from the velocity power spectra, is more a measure of seismic potential for damage to anthropogenic structures. There is considerable scatter in the plot of Es-Mo for worldwide earthquakes. For any given MO, the ES can vary by as much as an order of magnitude about the mean regression line. The global variation between ES and M0, while large, is not random. When subsets of Es-Mo are plotted as a function of seismic region, tectonic setting and faulting type, the scatter in data is often substantially reduced. There are two profound implications for the estimation of seismic and tsunamic hazard. First, it is now feasible to characterize the apparent stress for particular regions. Second, a given MO does not have a unique ES. This means that MO alone is not sufficient to describe all aspects of an earthquake. In particular, we have found examples of interplate thrust-faulting earthquakes and intraslab normal-faulting earthquakes occurring in the same epicentral region with vastly different macroseismic effects. Despite the gross macroseismic disparities, the MW'S in these examples were identical. However, the Me's (energy magnitudes) successfully distinguished the earthquakes that were more damaging.
Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks: A Case of ILI Pre-intermediate Series

In textbooks, language functions as an ideology maker and social role determiner that lead sociolinguists to uncover reflection of gender roles and stereotypes. Numerous studies have addressed gender bias and stereotypes in ESL/EFL textbooks. The present study intends to define how social gender identity is reflected via adjectives and pictures in order to facilitate cross-cultural comparison of gender roles and to shed light on the perception and significance of gender as reflected in textbook images. The textbooks examined in this study are the ILI pre-intermediate series, a three level course. A combination of linguistic and visual analyses is used to examine the reflection of gender in the textbooks. The findings clearly indicate gender imbalance in favor of males. The findings have implications for material designers, teachers, and teacher trainers and provide suggestions for further research.
Consumer Response to Stockouts

Consumer responses to stockouts, both in terms of consumer satisfaction with the decision process and in terms of subsequent store choice behavior, are explored. Four laboratory experiments involving stockouts in a consumer choice context are run. The results suggest that consumer response to stockouts is driven in large part by two factors: the effect of a stockout on the difficulty of making a choice from the set and the degree of personal commitment to the out-of-stock alternative. The results show that personal commitment to an out-of-stock choice option is a function of preference for the option, whether the option is included in the consumer's consideration set, and the degree to which the stockout announcement is personally directed. As personal commitment to the out-of-stock option increases, consumers react substantially and negatively to the stockout they report lower satisfaction with the decision process and show a higher likelihood of switching stores on subsequent shopping trips. However, under conditions in which personal commitment to the out-of-stock option is low and the stockout leads to a decrease in the difficulty of making a product selection, consumer response to the stockout can actually be positive. Copyright 2000 by the University of Chicago.
Effects of dietary protein reduction and enzyme supplementation on growth performance in fattening period

The effect of a decrease in the dietary crude protein level from 16% to 14%, maintaining the supply of the most limiting amino acids above the recommended levels, and the addition of proteases to the feed during the growing period was investigated. Two diets were formulated to contain 16% or 14% CP and maintaining the same level of total lysine, methionine and threonine (0.77, 0.50 and 0.58%, respectively) by adding synthetic amino acids (14% CP + AA’s). To study the effect of protease supplementation, 1 g/kg of commercially available PESCAZYME 5602® was added to the diet containing 16% CP. The three experimental diets were offered ad libitum from weaning (35 d of age) to slaughter (63 d) in two growth trials. One hundred and eighty (60 per diet) rabbits were individually housed and 480 rabbits were collectively housed in 120 polyvalent cages (40 cages per treatment) in the growth trials. Forty rabbits (20 per treatment), were assigned to two experimental diets 16% CP and 14% CP + AA’s and used to determine total anaerobic bacteria in the ileum and Clostridium perfringens in the caecum. There was no mortality either in the individual or collective trial and Clostridium perfringens was not detected. However, a reduction of total anaerobic bacteria was detected at ileum (15.9 x10 8 ± 3 vs. 7.7 x10 8 ± 0.3 CFU/g on average for diets 16% CP and 14% CP+AA’s, respectively). There was no effect neither for the addition of proteases no for the dietary CP level on growth performances either in the 35 to 49 d period or in the 49 to 63 d period. There was no interaction between type of diet and type of housing. However animals individually caged showed better growth rate and feed conversion rate than animals collectively caged in the whole growing period (55.6 vs. 46.1 g/d and 2.19 vs. 2.45, respectively). From the results of this study it can be concluded that protein concentration in the diet can be reduced to a level of 14% maintaining the levels of most limiting amino acids above recommended levels and supplying 10g digestible protein per MJ digestible energy without any impairment of growth performance.
Copycat Firesetting

Deliberate firesetting costs our community in destruction to property and lives. Public concern heightens when similar fires occur in a series, raising the specter of copycat firesetting. Difficulties associated with researching copycat crimes in general mean that not a lot is known about copycat firesetting. As an initial step toward filling this research gap, we explore connections between research on copycat crime and research into deliberate firesetting. The intention is to extract salient features from what is known about the phenomena of deliberate firesetting and copycat crime, map them together, and point out shared and unique characteristics. It is argued that a “copycat firesetter” is likely to exist as a distinct subgroup and potentially requiring targeted interventions.
Effects of Universal Design for Learning math menus on seventh grade students

v List of Figures . ix List of Tables . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Statement of Problem . 3 Significance of Study . 4 Purpose of Study . 4 Research Questions . 5
The Driving Forces Behind China's Growth

The main objective of this article is to disentangle the determinants of the Chinese economic growth that occurred from 1965 to 2000. We have explored, first, the time series properties of the growth rates of gross domestic product and labour productivity with an extended battery of unit-root tests. Then, in a multivariate setting, we use the VAR model methodology to provide evidence that physical and human capital accumulation, R&D expenditure, openness and competitiveness are the main drivers of output, labour productivity and total factor productivity growth in the long run. Additionally, we also show that although China has not yet converged to its long-run equilibrium, it is in the process of catching up. These results are more consistent with some versions of the endogenous growth models than with Solow-type models of growth, since they support active strategies of economic policy to stimulate economic growth and catching up with more advanced economies.
Wheat genome structure and function: genome sequence data and the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium

Genome sequencing and the associated bioinformatics is now a widely accepted research tool for accelerating genetic research and the analysis of genome structure and function of wheat because it leverages similar work from other crops and plants. The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium addresses the challenge of wheat genome structure and function and builds on the research efforts of Professor Bob McIntosh in the genetics of wheat. Currently, expressed sequence tags (ESTs; ∼500 000 to date) are the largest sequence resource for wheat genome analyses. It is estimated that the gene coverage of the wheat EST collection is ∼60%, close to that of Arabidopsis, indicating that ∼40% of wheat genes are not represented in EST collections. The physical map of the D-genome donor species Aegilops tauschii is under construction (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/PhysicalMapping). The technologies developed in this analysis of the D genome provide a good model for the approach to the entire wheat genome, namely compiling BAC contigs, assigning these BAC contigs to addresses in a high resolution genetic map, filling in gaps to obtain the entire physical length of a chromosome, and then large-scale sequencing.
A study of haematological profile in Human Immune Deficiency Virus infection: Correlation with CD4 counts

Introduction: Hematologic defects are a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and result from several influences on the hematopoietic tissue. These abnormalities reflect the underlying immune status and may be prevented or corrected by the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Anemia commonly occurs during HIV infection and has been associated with increased progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and reduced survival. Aims: The aim of this study was to study the hematologicalprofile in HIV patients, to evaluate the various hematological parameters and their association with CD4 counts. Methods: One hundred HIV-positive patients, symptomatic as well as asymptomatic, diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method according to the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines were included. Complete hematologic profile was recorded. Relationship between CD4 counts and various hematologic parameters was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were applied. Association between two attributes was calculated by chi-square test and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most common hematologic abnormality was anemia, seen in 85% (n=85) of the patients. Normocytic normochromic anemia was seen in 57 patients,which was the most common type. A strong association between anemia and CD4 counts was observed. The hemoglobin, red blood cell count and hematocrit also showed corresponding low values with decreasing CD4 counts. Thrombocytopenia was the second common abnormality and had no significant relationship with CD4 counts. Conclusion: HIV affects virtually all organ systems, with well-known abnormalities related to hematopoietic system. Anemia being the most common abnormality has strong correlation with CD4 counts and therefore could be used to predict the development of a more advanced disease.
Developmental changes in the hum an GH receptor and its signal transduction pathways

We previously reported the presence of functional human GH receptors (hGHRs) in the human fetal hepatocyte (FH) as early as the first trimester. Interestingly, fetal serum levels of hGH are in the acromegalic range, yet certain hGH-dependent factors are expressed at very low levels (IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-3), suggesting that fetal liver has limited responsiveness to hGH. To determine whether this is due to the fetal tissue levels of hGHR or factors in the hGH/hGHR axis that might influence hGHR function, we compared hGHR isoforms and downstream signaling proteins in FH versus human adult liver (HAL). Immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting (IB) analyses found similar precursor and mature hGHR forms while RT-PCR assays of truncated (T) hGHR1–279, dominant negative for the full-length (FL) receptor, showed similar T/FL mRNA ratios in FH and HAL. IB demonstrated that Janus kinase (JAK) 2, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT(1, 3, 5A/B)), Journal of Endocrinology (2008) 198, 71–82 0022–0795/08/0198–071 q 2008 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS(1, 2, 3, cytokineinducible SH2-containing protein (CIS))) proteins were detectable in all FH and HAL tested (12 weeks of fetal age to 60 years); the levels were similar (STAT5B) or lower (JAK2/STAT1/STAT3/STAT5A: 38–53%, SOCS/CIS: 58–76%) in FH compared with HAL. Our studies to date demonstrate that, during hepatocyte development, hGHR levels are lower in the fetal cells but the hGHR isoforms, including the relative amount of truncated versus FL, remain unchanged. The JAK2/STAT/SOCS signaling molecules are present in the FHas early as the first trimester. However, they are generally at ! 50% level in postnatal liver. These data suggest that low expression of both hGHR and major hGHR signaling components may explain the limited responsiveness of the fetal cells to the high circulating levels of hGH. Journal of Endocrinology (2008) 198, 71–82
A comparative study of morbidity pattern among term and late preterm infants in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The incidence of preterm birth, defined as delivery before the end of the 37th week of pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period, is increasing. India accounts for the 40% of the global burden of low birth weight babies with 7.5million babies born with a birth weight of <2500g. The objective of the study is to compare the morbidity suffered by the late preterm infants with that of term infants.Methods: This was a retrospective study and the data for this study came from the medical records of maternal and neonatal case sheets and discharge summaries. The data was collected for the period between January 2014 and December 2014. All the late preterm infants born and admitted during early neonatal period were compared with term infants who were born and admitted during early neonatal period to the Aditya Hospital on the basis of maternal, infant and clinical characteristics.Results: A total 292 infants including LPTI and term infant records were obtained. LPTI group had significant problems compared to term infants. The predominant clinical problems at birth and during the early neonatal period are neonatal jaundice, transient tachypnea of newborn, feeding difficulty and probable sepsis.Conclusions: LPTI are at increased risk of morbidity compared to term infants and hence require special attention and care for possible complication during their early neonatal period.
Inter‐Regional Competition, Comparative Advantage and Environmental Federalism

In this paper, we compare endogenous environmental policy setting with centralized and decentralized governments when regions have comparative advantages in different polluting goods. We develop a two-region, two-good model with inter-regional environmental damages and perfect competition in product markets, where both regions produce both goods. Despite positive spillovers of pollution across regions, the model predicts that decentralization may lead to weaker or stricter environmental standards or taxes, depending on the degree of regional comparative advantage and the extent of transboundary pollution. This suggests that federalism can lead to either a "race to the bottom" or a "race to the top," without relying on inefficient lobbying efforts or capital competition.
Social Change and Personality Development in a Nigerian Sample

This study explored the relationship of social change and personality development in a sample of Nigerian students. Social change was taken to mean people’s perceptions of the trends of social events while personality development was the manifestations of the Big Five Personality traits which are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. It was hypothesized that personality traits will not significantly be a predictor of social trends. Social change was measured using the index of social trends developed by the researchers while personality development was measured using the Big Five Inventory. Results of the multiple regression analysis showed that social change or trends was predicted by the personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience but social trend was not predicted by neuroticism. Within the framework of social cognitive theory and social Darwinism, the relevance of the findings to human development and social policy formulation were highlighted.
The changing role of sales: viewing sales as a strategic, cross‐functional process

Purpose – Although there is substantial practitioner evidence for changes in the role and functioning of sales in the twenty‐first century, there is little academic research charting new directions for the sales function in a business‐to‐business context. This paper aims to report on four case studies that illustrate how sales is changing.Design/methodology/approach – The case studies involve large global companies who were changing their existing sales process to adapt to changing circumstances. The organizations comprised four global industries: construction, power solutions, building technology, and electronics and software.Findings – The results demonstrate that sales is changing in three interrelated aspects: from a function to a process; from an isolated activity to an integrated one; and is becoming strategic rather than operational.Originality/value – The results suggest that changes in the role of sales will affect sales processes and the way that the sales function liaises with other departments.
Holomorphic families of non-equivalent embeddings and of holomorphic group actions on affine space

We construct holomorphic families of proper holomorphic embeddings of $\C^k$ into $\C^n$ ($0<k<n-1$), so that for any two different parameters in the family no holomorphic automorphism of $\C^n$ can map the image of the corresponding two embeddings onto each other. As an application to the study of the group of holomorphic automorphisms of $\C^n$ we derive the existence of families of holomorphic $\C^*$-actions on $\C^n$ ($n\ge 5$) so that different actions in the family are not conjugate. This result is surprising in view of the long standing Holomorphic Linearization Problem, which in particular asked whether there would be more than one conjugacy class of $\C^*$ actions on $\C^n$ (with prescribed linear part at a fixed point).
Behavioural responses to ectoparasites: time‐budget adjustments and what matters to Blue Tits Parus caeruleus infested by fleas

Blue Tit nests are often heavily infested by fleas, which feed on the incubating female and the nestlings. Depending on habitat quality, the drawing of blood by fleas reduces offspring quality, or it is compensated by an increase in food provisioning by the adults and may reduce their future reproduction. Given these fitness costs, tits are expected to have evolved behavioural responses enabling them to remove, destroy or minimize the contact with fleas. To identify these traits, we video-recorded the changes in frequency and duration of the hosts’ potential anti-flea behavioural defences in nests experimentally infested with low and high flea densities. We also investigated whether flea load affected the number of male feeds delivered to incubating females, and whether the parents increased their rate of food provisioning to the nestlings equally at high flea density. Flea density significantly affected the nest sanitation and sleeping behaviour of Blue Tit females but had no significant effect on grooming. Female Blue Tits increased the frequency but decreased the duration of bouts of these behavioural traits, and hence their time-budgets, based on per hour duration of behaviour, were not significantly affected by flea density. High flea density reduced nestling weight at the early nestling stage but these costs were fully compensated by an increase in female feeding effort. Males did not increase their frequency of food provisioning to incubating females nor to nestlings in heavily infested nests. The results are discussed in the light of parasite-mediated selection on host behaviour and the reciprocal host selection on flea life-history and behavioural traits.
Evaluation of Antibacterial activity of fruit and root extracts of Withania somnifera against Human pathogenic bacteria

Withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, is an important herb in ayurvedic and indigenous medical systems. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of an 80% aqueous methanolic extract of W. somnifera roots and fruits. Antibacterial activities were measured using the agar well diffusion method and MIC values were determined by microdilution method and five pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The root extracts displayed the highest activity against S. typhi (32.00 ± 0.56 mm zone of inhibition), whereas the lowest activity was against K. pneumoniae (19.00 ± 1.56 mm zone of inhibition). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value was 6.25 mg/ml, which was against S. typhi, followed by 12.5 mg/ml against E. coli. It will be beneficial to investigate the active compounds present in W. somnifera so that its roots can be used to increase the armamentarium of antimicrobial agents and so that other possible therapeutic uses of the plant can be explored.
Barry Connors Dynamic interaction of oscillatory neurons coupled with reciprocally inhibitory depressing synapses acts to stabilize the rhythm period

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Iconographies of Greek and Roman Wall Painting. Some Reflections on the Meaning of Figural Representations and Decorative Systems in Mural Decorations

Iconography of wall painting in the ancient world (ca 300 BC – AD 100) concerns both decorative systems used to decorate the walls of houses and other buildings and the figural elements within these systems. The first section discusses matters of contexts of wall systems, especially from the so-called first and second styles, and addresses the possible meaning of colours. The second part is on figural motifs which here are not seen as expressions of political or personal ideas of the patrons who ordered the decorations, but rather as expressions of mentalité corresponding with the societal developments of the discussed period.