Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully compressible low-Mach number simulations of carbon-dioxide at supercritical pressures and trans-critical temperatures

In this paper, we report on the inﬂuence of capillary condensation on the sliding friction of sidewall surfaces in polycrystalline silicon micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). We developed a polycrystalline silicon MEMS tribometer, which is a microscale test device with two components subject to sliding contact. One of the components can be heated in situ by Joule heating to set the temperature of the contact and thereby control the capillary kinetics at the MEMS sidewalls. We used an optical displacement measurement technique to record the stick–slip motion of the slider with sub-nanometer resolution, and we assessed the friction force with nanonewton resolution. All friction measurements were performed under controlled ambient conditions while sweeping the contact temperature from room temperature to 300 (cid:3) C, and from 300 (cid:3) C to room temperature. We were able to distinguish the two ways in which energy is dissipated during sliding: the ‘semi-statically’ dissipated energy attributed to asperity deformation and contact yield, and the dynamically dissipated energy ascribed to the release of the tension in the slider during slip events. We observed an increase in the dynamically dissipated energy at 80 (cid:3) C while sweeping down in temperature. This increase is caused by higher adhesion due to capillary condensation between the conformal surfaces. Our study highlights how energy is dissipated during the sliding contact of MEMS sidewalls, and it is helpful in overcoming friction in multi-asperity systems.
[Serological detection of anti HPV 16/18 and its association with pap smear in adolescents and young women].

OBJECTIVE Verify the relation between HPV 16/18 antibodies and the association with cervical cytology findings in adolescents and young women. METHODS A cross sectional study with 541 healthy and sexually active women from 15 to 25 years of age was carried on from September to November 2000. At gynecological examination, a cervical sample on liquid-base for cytology-testing and a blood sample for ELISA identification of HPV 16 and 18 antibodies were collected and sent to a reference laboratory in Belgium. Statistical analysis estimated the prevalence and prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Of these young women, 150 (27.7%) were seropositive: 79 (14.6%) to HPV 16 antibody; 35 (6.4%) to HPV 18 antibody and 36 (6.6%) to both HPV 16/18 antibodies. Cytological abnormalities were detected in 107 cases (20.5%): 63 presented with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 41 were suggestive of low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LGSIL) and 3 of high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (HGSIL). Prevalence of abnormal cytology with a positive serology was only 1.75 times that of prevalence of abnormal cytology with a negative serology. Detection of abnormal cytology was not correlated with positive serology. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate a high prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 in young healthy women which showed no relation to the abnormal findings of cytology smears.
Thrombophilia and Adverse Maternal-Perinatal Outcome

A recent review of the literature on thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) reveals contradictory findings. We have limited our review of literature mostly to the most recent decade. On the basis of our review, screening for thrombophilias with a history of APO (preeclampsia, abruptio placenta, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal loss) is not clear. There are retrospective and prospective studies that recommend testing for genetic and acquired markers of thrombophilia for those with the enumerated APO. The rationale for such recommendation is to use heparin prophylaxis in subsequent pregnancies. However, this recommendation is not based on randomized trials. Hence, a randomized double-blinded controlled trial is urgently needed to evaluate the benefit of heparin during pregnancy in women with a history of APO in association with thrombophilia.
Surgical Management of Achilles Tendon Overuse Injuries

We studied 79 cases of surgically treated Achilles ten don overuse injuries in 66 patients. Fifty-three (80%) of these patients were competitive or serious recreational runners operated on between 1978 and 1991. There were 49 men and 17 women with a mean age of 33 years (range, 17 to 59). The cases were divided into surgical subgroups based on their site of primary symp toms and abnormalities: paratenonitis (23), tendinosis (partial rupture or degeneration) (15), retrocalcaneal bursitis (24), insertional tendinitis (7), and combined ab normalities (10). Followup included a comprehensive patient questionnaire and office examination. There were 79% satisfactory (51% excellent, 28% good) and 21 % unsatisfactory (17% fair, 4% poor) results. The per centages of satisfactory results in the paratenonitis group (87%) were best and those in the tendinosis group were the worst (67%). Satisfactory results were obtained in 75% of the patients with retrocalcaneal bur sitis and 86% with insertional tendinitis. Seven of the 45 cases with longer than 5-year followup with initially sat isfactory results deteriorated with time and required re operation (16%). Of these, 4 were in the tendinosis group, 2 had retrocalcaneal bursitis, and 1 had paratenonitis. One of the 34 patients followed less than 5 years required reoperation.
Comparative Study between Robotic Total Thyroidectomy with Central Lymph Node Dissection via Bilateral Axillo-breast Approach and Conventional Open Procedure for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Background:A large proportion of the patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma are young women. Therefore, minimally invasive endoscopic thyroidectomy with central neck dissection (CND) emerged and showed well-accepted results with improved cosmetic outcome, accelerated healing, and comforting the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of robotic total thyroidectomy with CND via bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA), compared with conventional open procedure in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods:One-hundred patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma from March 2014 to January 2015 in Jinan Military General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA) were randomly assigned to robotic group or conventional open approach group (n = 50 in each group). The total operative time, estimated intraoperative blood loss, numbers of lymph node removed, visual analog scale (VAS), postoperative hospital stay time, complications, and numerical scoring system (NSS, used to assess cosmetic effect) were analyzed. Results:The robotic total thyroidectomy with CND via BABA was successfully performed in robotic group. There were no conversion from the robotic surgeries to open or endoscopic surgery. The subclinical central lymph node metastasis rate was 35%. The mean operative time of the robotic group was longer than that of the conventional open approach group (118.8 ± 16.5 min vs. 90.7 ± 10.3 min, P < 0.05). The study showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the VASs (2.1 ± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) and NSS (8.9 ± 0.8 vs. 4.8 ± 1.7, P < 0.05). The differences between the two groups in the estimated intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay time, numbers of lymph node removed, postoperative thyroglobulin levels, and complications were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Neither iatrogenic implantation nor metastasis occurred in punctured porous channel or chest wall in both groups. Postoperative cosmetic results were very satisfactory in the robotic group. Conclusions:Robotic total thyroidectomy with CND via BABA is safe and effective for Chinese patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma who worry about the neck scars.
THE EFFECT OF IFRS, INFORMATION ASYMMETRY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON THE QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION

This paper investigates the relationship between the information asymmetry, the ownership structure, the pledge of directors-supervisor, respectively, and the quality of accounting information under different accounting standards. By considering A and B stock market of China, which apply China GAAP and IFRS, we discuss whether IFRS can reduce negative effects of the information asymmetry, the ownership structure, the pledge of directors, and furthermore promote the quality of accounting information effectively. The findings provide other countries will use IFRS as a reference. First, we find that IFRS improves the predictive value and timeliness, and it can’t influences representational faithfulness significantly. Second, the information asymmetry degrades the quality of accounting information. Nevertheless, IFRS can improve the information asymmetry but promote the quality of accounting information is nonsignificantly. Third, state ownership, manager ownership, blockholder and directors-supervisor ownership would affect the quality of accounting information. IFRS would restrain negative effect of state ownership, manager ownership, blockholder and directors-supervisor ownership and could enhance predictive value and timeliness. Finally, the pledge of directors-supervisor would reduce the quality of accounting information. However, IFRS can confine negative effects of the pledge of directors-supervisor but can’t promote the quality of accounting information significantly. As a result, adopting IFRS could enhance the quality of accounting information significantly. Nevertheless, IFRS need to reduce information asymmetry and use corporate governance mechanism to promote the quality of accounting information. The findings of this paper can provide IFRS’s institution and regulator promoting and using IFRS system as a reference.
Entre el oro y la plata: Quito, el suroccidente de la Nueva Granada y el movimiento de mercancías norandino a fines del siglo XVIII

Resumen El artículo contribuye a un análisis cuantitativo de las relaciones económicas entre la Real Audiencia de Quito y el suroccidente de la Nueva Granada a fines del siglo XVIII. A partir de un análisis sistemático de fuentes alcabalatorias, el ejercicio mide el flujo de mercancías entre ambas economías. En particular, analiza a nivel agregado y regional la estructura de los intercambios estableciendo su volumen en términos reales y nominales, su grado de concentración y su evolución en el tiempo. La investigación muestra que, a nivel agregado, la importancia recíproca de las dos economías obliga a abandonar una tradición historiográfica que ha escindido el análisis de lo que sin duda era una región fundamental del sistema económico colonial.
Learning Bayesian network by a mesh of points

In this work we applied Variable Mesh Optimization population metaheuristc (VMO) for Bayesian network (BN) structure learning as a score-and-search method. Our idea was to represent each node of the Mesh as a Bayesian network through a set of arcs. Then new BNs are created using (union and difference) operations among sets. For this process, three types of BNs are identified, local optima (BNs with the best score in each neighborhood), global optima (BN with the best score among local optima), and frontier solutions (most and least different in structure BNs). Finally the clearing process is applied to select the most representative BNs in the Mesh (score and structure). For determining the global score, each BN is used as a Bayesian classifier and classification accuracy is obtained using cross validation over dataset. The proposal is compared with other classifiers using UCI repository data set. Results show that our proposal obtains the best score, that proves to be a very competitive algorithm for supervised classification.
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on hepatic dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in high fat diet-induced steatosis

Abstract We investigated the ability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed standard chow (5.3% fat content), an HFD (32.0% fat content) or an HFD + EPA (1 g/kg/day EPA for the last 6 weeks) for 12 weeks. Serum total cholesterol, hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the HFD group, in comparison with those of normal mice (p < 0.01). In contrast, hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the HFD + EPA group, in comparison with those of the HFD group (p < 0.05). In addition, EPA decreased the body weight of obese mice and improved hepatic function. Hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels were significantly decreased in obese mice, but increased with EPA administration. Our data suggest that EPA supplementation has a beneficial effect on NAFLD progression.
Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins with Pathogenic Repeat Expansions

Intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions have been shown to be highly prevalent in disease. Furthermore, disease-causing expansions of the regions containing tandem amino acid repeats often push repetitive proteins towards formation of irreversible aggregates. In fact, in disease-relevant proteins, the increased repeat length often positively correlates with the increased aggregation efficiency and the increased disease severity and penetrance, being negatively correlated with the age of disease onset. The major categories of repeat extensions involved in disease include poly-glutamine and poly-alanine homorepeats, which are often times located in the intrinsically disordered regions, as well as repeats in non-coding regions of genes typically encoding proteins with ordered structures. Repeats in such non-coding regions of genes can be expressed at the mRNA level. Although they can affect the expression levels of encoded proteins, they are not translated as parts of an affected protein and have no effect on its structure. However, in some cases, the repetitive mRNAs can be translated in a non-canonical manner, generating highly repetitive peptides of different length and amino acid composition. The repeat extension-caused aggregation of a repetitive protein may represent a pivotal step for its transformation into a proteotoxic entity that can lead to pathology. The goals of this article are to systematically analyze molecular mechanisms of the proteinopathies caused by the poly-glutamine and poly-alanine homorepeat expansion, as well as by the polypeptides generated as a result of the microsatellite expansions in non-coding gene regions and to examine the related proteins. We also present results of the analysis of the prevalence and functional roles of intrinsic disorder in proteins associated with pathological repeat expansions.
Poly‐gamma‐glutamate in bacteria

Poly‐γ‐glutamate (PGA), a natural polymer, is synthesized by several bacteria (all Gram‐positive), one archaea and one eukaryote. PGA has diverse biochemical properties, enabling it to play different roles, depending on the organism and its environment. Indeed, PGA allows bacteria to survive at high salt concentrations and may also be involved in virulence. The minimal gene sets required for PGA synthesis were recently defined. There are currently two nomenclatures depending on the PGA final status: cap, for ‘capsule’, when PGA is surface associated or pgs, for ‘polyglutamate synthase’, when PGA is released. The minimal gene sets contain four genes termed cap or pgs B, C, A and E. The PGA synthesis complex is membrane‐anchored and uses glutamate and ATP as substrates. Schematically, the reaction may be divided into two steps, PGA synthesis and PGA transport through the membrane. PGA synthesis depends primarily on CapB‐CapC (or PgsB‐PgsC), whereas PGA transport requires the presence, or the addition, of CapA‐CapE (or PgsAA‐PgsE). The synthesis complex is probably responsible for the stereochemical specificity of PGA composition. Finally, PGA may be anchored to the bacterial surface or released. An additional enzyme is involved in this reaction: either CapD, a γ‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase that catalyses anchorage of the PGA, or PgsS, a hydrolase that facilitates release. The anchoring of PGA to the bacterial surface is important for virulence. All cap genes are therefore potential targets for inhibitors specifically blocking PGA synthesis or anchorage.
POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIC REQUIREMENT IN NON-CLOSURE AND CLOSURE OF PERITONEUM DURING OPEN APPENDECTOMY

Objective: To compare the mean post-operative analgesic requirement in non-closure and closure of peritoneum during open appendectomy. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from 1st August 2014 to 30th April 2015. Material and Methods: A total of 60 patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups of 30 each. Patients in group A underwent open appendectomy with closure of peritoneum while patients in group B had non-closure of peritoneum during the same procedure. Post-operatively, pain severity was assessed on visual analogue scale (VAS) numeric pain distress scale. On presence of VAS numeric pain distress scale between 5 to 7, intramuscular (IM) diclofenac sodium was given and on score >7, intravascular (IV) tramadol was given. The final outcome was measured at day 0 and day 1. Results: Pain score and analgesic requirements were significantly less in non-closure group than closure group on day 0 and day 1, showing statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Mean post-operative analgesic requirement is significantly less in non-closure group as compared to closure group during open appendectomy.
Examination of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioural pain management course for adults with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common and often debilitating chronic pain condition. Research shows that symptoms of depression and anxiety are present in up to 3 quarters of individuals with FM. Of concern, most adults with FM cannot access traditional face-to-face cognitive behavioural pain management programs, which are known to be beneficial. Given known difficulties with treatment access, the present study sought to explore the efficacy and acceptability of a previously developed Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural pain management course, the Pain Course, for adults with FM. The five-lesson course was delivered over 8 weeks and was provided with brief weekly contact, via telephone and secure email, with a guide throughout the course. Participants were randomized either to the Pain Course (n = 30) or to a waiting-list control group (n = 30). Symptoms were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 4-week follow-up. Completion rates (87%) and satisfaction ratings (86%) were high. Improvements were significantly greater in treatment group participants compared to waiting-list group participants on measures of FM (Cohen's d = 0.70; 18% reduction), depression (Cohen's d = 0.63-0.72; 20%-28% reduction), pain (Cohen's d = 0.87; 11% improvement) and fear of pain (Cohen's d = 1.61; 12% improvement). Smaller effects were also observed on measures of generalized anxiety and physical health. The changes were maintained at 4-week follow-up. The current findings add to existing literature and highlight the specific potential of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural pain management programs for adults with FM, especially as a part of stepped-care models of care. Future research directions are described.
An exploratory trial of the effectiveness of an enhanced consultative approach to delivering speech and language intervention in schools.

BACKGROUND Increased demand for access to specialist services for providing support to children with speech, language and communication needs prompted a local service review of how best to allocate limited resources. This study arose as a consequence of a wish to evaluate the effectiveness of an enhanced consultative approach to delivering speech and language intervention in local schools. AIMS The purpose was to evaluate an intensive speech and language intervention for children in mainstream schools delivered by specialist teaching assistants. METHODS & PROCEDURES A within-subjects, quasi-experimental exploratory trial was conducted, with each child serving as his or her own control with respect to the primary outcome measure. Thirty-five children between the ages of 4;2 and 6;10 (years; months) received speech and/or language intervention for an average of four 1-hour sessions per week over 10 weeks. The primary outcome measure consisted of change between pre- and post-intervention scores on probe tasks of treated and untreated behaviours summed across the group of children, and maintenance probes of treated behaviours. Secondary outcome measures included standardized tests (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Preschool(UK) (CELF-P(UK)); Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP)) and questionnaires completed by parents/carers and school staff before and after the intervention period. OUTCOME & RESULTS The primary outcome measure showed improvement over the intervention period, with target behaviours showing a significantly larger increase than control behaviours. The gains made on the target behaviours as a result of intervention were sustained when reassessed 3-12 months later. These findings were replicated on a second set of targets and controls. Significant gains were also observed on CELF-Preschool(UK) receptive and expressive language standard scores from pre- to post-intervention. However, DEAP standard scores of speech ability did not increase over the intervention period, although improvements in raw scores were observed. Questionnaires completed before and after intervention showed some significant differences relating to how much the child's speech and language difficulties affected him/her at home and at school. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This exploratory study demonstrates the benefit of an intensive therapy delivered by specialist teaching assistants for remediating speech and language difficulties experienced by young children in mainstream schools. The service delivery model was perceived by professionals as offering an inclusive and effective practice and provides empirical support for using both direct and indirect intervention in the school setting.
THE VECTORCARDIOGRAM IN NORMAL CHILDREN*

The evolution of the vectorcardiogram obtained with the Frank lead system (Frank, 1956) from normal infants was reported in a previous publication (Namin et al., 1964). It was based on a study of 216 vectorcardiograms on 107 infants. To establish a baseline for the vectorcardiographic recognition of ventricular overwork patterns in children, the vectorcardiograms of a group of normal older children were analysed.