Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing LOADng Routing Protocol for G 3-PLC Networks

Lightweight On-demand Ad Hoc Distance-vector Routing – Next Generation (LOADng) is ITU-T G.9903’s default link layer routing protocol for G3-PLC and shall be supported by ITU-T G.9903 devices. It is a light-weight routing protocol with simple operations that are suitable for low power and lossy networks. On the other hand, designed with a modular approach, it can be extended to improve the performance in specific network scenarios. This paper introduces different extensions proposed for LOADng, including the Smart Route Request, Expanding Ring Search, Collection Tree and Depth First Forwarding. Those extensions mainly aim at reducing the route discovery cost and improving the packet delivery ratio in constrained environments. Their tradeoffs are also discussed.
Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid).

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia have a characteristic (15;17) translocation, with a breakpoint on chromosome 17 in the region of the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR-alpha). Since this receptor has been shown to be involved with growth and differentiation of myeloid cells in vitro, and since recent clinical studies have reported that tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) induces complete remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia we studied the effects of tretinoin on cellular maturation and molecular abnormalities in patients undergoing the induction of remission with this agent. RESULTS Eleven patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were treated with tretinoin administered orally at a dose of 45 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day. Nine of the 11 patients entered complete remission. In two patients, complete remission was preceded by striking leukocytosis that then resolved despite continued drug treatment. Serial studies of cellular morphologic features, cell-surface immunophenotypic analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome 17 probe revealed that clinical response was associated with maturation of the leukemic clone. All patients who responded to treatment who were tested by Northern blot analysis had expression of aberrant RAR-alpha. As patients entered complete remission, the expression of the abnormal RAR-alpha message decreased markedly; however, it was still detectable in several patients after complete morphologic and cytogenetic remission had been achieved. CONCLUSIONS Tretinoin is a safe and highly effective agent for inducing complete remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Clinical response to this agent is associated with leukemic-cell differentiation and is linked to the expression of an aberrant RAR-alpha nuclear receptor. Molecular detection of the aberrant receptor may serve as a useful marker for residual leukemia in patients with this disease.
Magnitude of Malaria Infection in Ethiopia By Belayneh Regasa Arba Minch

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem in worldwide and causes high morbidity and mortality. Studying its prevalence is necessary to implement effective control measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria in Arba Minch hospital, Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from January to April, 2010. A well designed and structured questionnaire and Laboratory investigation were used to collect data. Data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version16.0. Results: A total of 400 patients clinically suspected to have malaria were examined with overall prevalence of malaria was 7% (28 malaria cases out of 400 patients) of which 18 (64.3%) were positive for Plasmodium falciparum and 7 (25%) for Plasmodium vivax; the remaining 3 (10.7%) showed mixed infections of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Males 16 (4%) were more infected than females 12 (3%). Gender had statistically significant association with malaria infection (p<0.005). All age groups were infected but high prevalence observed in age groups 15–19, followed by 20–29 years old. Conclusion: This study showed that high prevalence of malaria was observed. Therefore health professionals and administrators have to focus on giving health education on prevention and control of malaria. GJMR-C Classification : NLMC Code: WC 750 MagnitudeofMalariaInfectioninEthiopia Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Magnitude of Malaria Infection in Ethiopia
Identifying risk factors for an abnormal computed tomographic scan of the head among patients with altered mental status in the Emergency Department

Aims The aims of our study are to evaluate the use of computed tomographic scan of the head (CT-head) in patients with altered mental status (AMS) presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) and to identify clinical features associated with an abnormal CT-head result. Methods In this prospective observational study, we recruited consecutive adult patients with undifferentiated AMS and no major trauma at a busy urban ED over 11 months. Demographical, clinical, radiological and laboratory data were collected prospectively. The primary outcome measure was an abnormal CT-head result. Secondary outcome measures were the distribution of aetiologies of AMS with age, mortality rate and length of hospital stay. Logistic regression was applied to identify variables associated with an abnormal CT-head result. Results Nine hundred and sixty-seven patients were recruited. The rate of CT-head use in the ED was 41%, with 45% of the scans being abnormal. We identified eight clinical factors associated with an abnormal CT-head result. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for diastolic blood pressure greater than 80 mmHg, focal weakness, Glasgow Coma Score less than 15, antiplatelet use, upgoing plantar response, presence of headache, anticoagulant use and dilated pupils were 1.016 (1.003–1.029), 1.816 (1.063–3.103), 1.899 (1.113–3.242), 2.203 (1.146–4.234), 2.680 (1.623–4.427), 3.369 (1.449–7.830), 3.589 (1.253–10.283) and 5.212 (1.153–23.558), respectively. Conclusion Our study identified important risk factors for an abnormal CT-head result which can be used in future research to establish a guideline for rational ordering of the test in AMS patients.
Coherent optical phonons in multiferroic LuMnO3

We observe coherent phonons of 4.0 THz and 45 GHz oscillation frequencies in the magnetically disordered phase (T≫TN) of multiferroic LuMnO<inf>3</inf> using femtosecond IR spectroscopy. We attribute the phonons to the displacement of polyhedron MnO<inf>5</inf>.
Acute coronary syndrome and predictors of quality of life.

INTRODUCTION Coronary disease in its various forms of presentation is associated with a reduction in the patients' own perception of their quality of life (QoL). QoL is an important measure of effectiveness of treatment; however, the predictors of QoL after admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are not completely clear. AIM To identify the clinical, demographic and psychosocial characteristics of patients admitted for ACS that were predictive of QoL in clinical follow-up. METHODS Physical and mental QoL were prospectively evaluated in 278 patients admitted for ACS, using Short Form-36 v2 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scales. Based on the median PCS (55) and MCS (56) scores, the population was divided into two groups. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS The patients with a better QoL perception were male, young, smokers and had more than 12 years' education. A greater proportion of patients with PCS and MCS below the median score presented prior cardiovascular events and depressive symptoms. A worse physical QoL perception was more common in unmarried, hypertensive and diabetic patients. There was no association between clinical evolution or in-hospital complications and baseline QoL scores. Baseline PCS and MCS were 55 +/- 24 and 55 +/- 27 and at 16 months, 63 +/- 25 and 66 +/- 29. Clinical follow-up was achieved in 181 patients. A worse mental QoL perception at follow-up was related to female gender, baseline MCS < 56 and depressive symptoms. A PCS below median score at follow-up was more frequent in women and in patients with prior cardiovascular events, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and a lower level of education. Patients with better physical QoL at follow-up were smokers, presented higher baseline PCS and MCS, and had fewer depressive symptoms. Percutaneous myocardial revascularization was associated with a better physical QoL. In a logistic regression model the independent predictors of PCS were: gender, baseline PCS, level of education and prior cardiovascular events. Gender and depressive symptoms were independent predictors of MCS. CONCLUSIONS In the study population, baseline clinical and psychosocial characteristics were the most important predictors of QoL after ACS. Depression was associated with worse mental QoL. In-hospital evolution and treatment did not appear to strongly affect patients' follow-up perceptions of QoL.
Late Quaternary glacier sensitivity to temperature and precipitation distribution in the Southern Alps of New Zealand

Glaciers respond to climate variations and leave geomorphic evidence that represents an important terrestrial paleoclimate record. However, the accuracy of paleoclimate reconstructions from glacial geology is limited by the challenge of representing mountain meteorology in numerical models. Precipitation is usually treated in a simple manner and yet represents difficult‐to‐characterize variables such as amount, distribution, and phase. Furthermore, precipitation distributions during a glacial probably differed from present‐day interglacial patterns. We applied two models to investigate glacier sensitivity to temperature and precipitation in the eastern Southern Alps of New Zealand. A 2‐D model was used to quantify variations in the length of the reconstructed glaciers resulting from plausible precipitation distributions compared to variations in length resulting from change in mean annual air temperature and precipitation amount. A 1‐D model was used to quantify variations in length resulting from interannual climate variability. Assuming that present‐day interglacial values represent precipitation distributions during the last glacial, a range of plausible present‐day precipitation distributions resulted in uncertainty in the Last Glacial Maximum length of the Pukaki Glacier of 17.1 km (24%) and the Rakaia Glacier of 9.3 km (25%), corresponding to a 0.5°C difference in temperature. Smaller changes in glacier length resulted from a 50% decrease in precipitation amount from present‐day values (−14% and −18%) and from a 50% increase in precipitation amount (5% and 9%). Our results demonstrate that precipitation distribution can produce considerable variation in simulated glacier extents and that reconstructions of paleoglaciers should include this uncertainty.
Assessment of Pericardium Volume by the Stroke Volume Variation in Patients with Off-Pump Cardiac Surgery

Objective: SVV is derived from the cardiopulmonary interaction, which is used to predict the responsiveness of cardiac preload guiding fluid therapy in patients under general anesthesia in non-opened chest surgery. From a clinical point of view, it is important to know how well SVV reflects preload and fluid responsiveness during cardiac surgery. This study was undertaken to assess the accuracy and reliability of SVV derived from the FloTrac/Vigileo system in monitoring changes in blood volume in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) under general anesthesia. Methods: After approval from the ethics committee and obtaining the permission of the patients, twenty-nine patients, ASA II-III and NYHA II-III, aged 44-7 yr, undergoing elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (group C, n = 8) and volume expansion group (group V, n = 21). After patients entered the operating room, veins were put in line, ECG, HR, SpO2, and PETCO2 were continuously monitored. Left radial arterial and right internal jugular vein catheters were inserted under local anesthesia. The FloTracTM/VigileoTM system was connected and MAP, CO, CI, SVV, SV, SVI, SVR, SVRI, CVP were continuously monitored. BIS values were kept at 45%-55.6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride solution 7 ml/kg was intravenously infused after completion of sternotomy and pericardiotomy at a rate of 0.25 ml/kg–1/min–1 in group V. MAP, HR, CVP, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), SVV, and stroke volume index (SVI) were determined 10 min before (T1) and after the infusion of finished (T2), and the change rate (ΔHR, ΔMAP, ΔCVP, ΔSVR, ΔSVV, ΔSVI) was calculated. Sodium chloride injection 3 ml/kg was infused in group C. Results: CVP, SVI, CO and CI were increased after volume expansion, SVRI and SVV significantly decreased in group V(P r = –0.737, P and SVR(r = –0.480, P were significantly correlated to changes in SVI, but there was no correlation between ΔCVP, ΔMAP, ΔSVV and ΔSVI. SVV(
Aging and Posture Control: Changes in Sensory Organization and Muscular Coordination

The following study examined two aspects of balance control in the older adult: 1) the coordination of the timing and the amplitude of muscle responses to postural perturbations, and 2) the ability of the participant to reorganize sensory inputs and subsequently modify postural responses as a consequence of changing environmental conditions. Coordination of muscle activity in postural responses of twelve elderly (sixty-one to seventy-eight years) participants were compared to those of young (nineteen to thirty-eight years) adults using a movable platform and recording the electromyographic activity of muscles of the legs. The following changes were noted in the timing and amplitude of muscle activity within a postural response synergy: 1) increases in the absolute latency of distal muscle responses were observed in all older adults; 2) in five of the twelve older adults temporal reversals of proximal and distal muscle response onset were observed; and 3) there was a breakdown in the correlation of the amplitude of responses within a synergy. The ability of the older adult to balance under conditions of reduced or conflicting sensory information was also impaired. When confronted with functionally inappropriate visual and/or somatosensory inputs, half of the older group lost balance. In most instances, however, the older participants were able to maintain stability during subsequent responses to conflicting stimuli.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal implant of dexamethasone (Ozurdex®) in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter noncomparative study. Seventy-eight patients with DME followed for at least 6 months were included (P1.5 Network). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract progression were studied at baseline and then at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months. Results: The mean CRT decrease from baseline was 145.2 µm at 6 months. The mean BCVA improvement from baseline was 6.7 at 6 months. An increase in IOP was observed for 11.7% of patients, and all patients were managed by topical treatment. No glaucoma or cataract surgery was necessary, and no endophthalmitis was reported. Conclusions: One injection of Ozurdex has an anatomical and functional effectiveness for the treatment of DME. Side effects were rare and manageable in our practice.
Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection mimicking myocardial infarction.

The incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia or meningitis in the period 1991–1994 was 8.3–9.2 cases per 100,000 personyears (table 1). In 1996, the incidence increased significantly to 14.8 cases per 100,000 person-years, and in 1997 to 13.3 (P = ); but in 1998 it returned to 8.9 cases per 100,000 person.0001 years. The incidence for the age group >65 years was approximately 4-fold higher and showed the same trend. The average number of pneumococcal isolates per 1000 blood cultures was 8.7 in the 2 years with the highest incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, in contrast to 6.1 in the other years (table 1). The gradual increase in the number of blood cultures in our study did not explain the sudden increase in invasive pneumococcal isolates in 1996 and 1997 [3]. The mean incidence of 23 cases per 100,000 person-years for the age category 0–1 year (table 1) was much lower than the incidence of 136 cases per 100,000 person-years reported by Pastor et al. [4]. An explanation may be that children with severe illness in the Netherlands are preferably admitted to specialized children’s hospitals that are not served by the laboratories participating in our surveillance. No trends in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes [1], changes in the occurrence of influenza viruses (table 1), or other respiratory viruses were noted. However, the higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections in 1996 and 1997 for the age group >65 years coincided with relatively severe winters, as shown by the winter severity index (table 1).
Assay imprecision and 99th-percentile reference value of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay.

We undertook a performance evaluation and determination of the 99th-percentile reference value for the Siemens cTnI-Ultra with a fully characterized population that had undergone noninvasive cardiac imaging. Permission for the study was obtained from the local research ethics committee. Participants >45 years of age were randomly selected from the practice lists of 7 representative local community practices; 1392 individuals from the general population were invited. Demographic data were collected from the participants by questionnaire. Heart rate and blood pressure measurements (mean of 2 readings) and spirometry, electrocardiography, and echocardiography evaluations were performed. For measurements of fasting serum glucose, creatinine, and cardiac troponin, venous blood was collected into Becton Dickinson serum separator tubes and centrifuged. The serum was removed and stored at −70 °C. Frozen samples were thawed to room temperature, mixed, and centrifuged before analysis. The left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated quantitatively with Simpson’s apical biplane method (1). The left ventricular mass was calculated with the Devereux-modified American Society of Echocardiography equation(2). Valvular regurgitation and stenosis were assessed qualitatively on a 5-point scale. Diastolic heart failure …
Asset Prices and Wealth Inequality

This paper uses recently available data on the top of the wealth distribution to study the relationship between asset prices and wealth inequality. I document three stylized facts: (1) the share of wealth invested in equity increases sharply in the right tail of the wealth distribution, (2) when stock market returns are high, wealth inequality increases and (3) higher wealth inequality predicts lower future stock returns. These facts correspond to the basic predictions of asset pricing models with heterogeneous agents. Quantitatively, however, standard models with heterogeneous agents cannot fully capture the joint dynamics of asset prices and the wealth distribution. Augmenting the model with additional sources of fluctuations in wealth inequality, namely in the form of time-varying investment opportunities for wealthy households, is crucial to match the large fluctuations in wealth inequality and in asset prices.
Incorporating Cellular Automata simulators as analytical engines in GIS

Contemporvy GIS suffer from a variety of problems. These include poor ability to handle dynamic spatial models, poor performance for many operations, and poor handling of the temporal dimension. Cellular Automata (CA) are dynamic mathematical systems based on discrete time and space. While CA have many similarities to GIS, and indeed excel in many areas in which GIS are deficient, they cannot themselves be considered as GIS since they lack the necessary sophisticated Capabilities in data input, data storage and retrieval, and data output. However, the advantages of CA in data analysis and modelling are significant. In order to exploit fully the advantages of each system ‐ GIS and CA ‐ we have developed a methodology and prototype system for coupling GIS and CA, in which the CA serves as an alternative analytical engine for the GIS. In the prototype system, spatial, temporal (i.e. time series), and spatio‐temporal filters as well as spatial diffusion operators are developed. In addition, the integrated system provides a flexible framework for the programming and running of dynamic spatial models. We conclude that CA represent a viable alternate analytical engine for GIS and provide increased ability for dynamic spatial modelling within GIS.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with orbital and intracranial extension: a case report and review of optimum management

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a devastating, rapidly progressive and often fatal opportunistic fungal infection predominantly affecting individuals with underlying metabolic and/or immunological compromise. Intracranial extension of the disease has invariably been associated with mortality. We present a review of optimum management of rhinocerebral mucormycosis and a case report of sinonasal mucormycosis with intracranial and orbital extension which was treated successfully with a combination of systemic liposomal amphotericin B therapy and wide surgical debridement.
Case Study of How Turkish University Students Improve Their Biochemistry Achievement.

Biochemistry courses have an important place as a common subject in faculties of medicine, food engineering, biology and chemistry. MSLQ, Metacognitive Awareness Inventory and Learning Approach Questionnaire were used. The study also involves repeated observations of the same instructor in a biochemistry class over eight weeks to describe students’ academic performance, instructor practice, teaching methods and generally, learning environment in the biochemistry class. Students achieving the two highest scores, two average scores and the two lowest scores from biochemistry exams were selected for in-depth interviews and results demonstrated that self-efficacy, intrinsic goal orientation, task-value, cognitive strategies such as critical thinking ability and elaboration, metacognitive self-regulated strategies and effort regulation may have a considerable importance in students’ biochemistry achievement. Results of the study also revealed that levels of students’ awareness of what and how they monitor in their biochemistry learning process has an important effect on their biochemistry success.