Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori infection in Kazakhstan: effect of water source and household hygiene.

The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors associated with its transmission are not well understood. Kazakhstan is country with two ethnic groups, Asian (Kazakhs) and Western (Russians), living under similar socioeconomic conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the seroepidemiologic pattern of H. pylori and hepatitis A among the same individuals from both ethnic groups, with emphasis on water source and household sanitation practices. This was a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study conducted among unrelated healthy individuals in Kazakhstan. From May through August 1999, individuals between the ages of 10 and 60 years from Almaty, Kazakhstan, were invited to participate. Demographic information, socioeconomic factors, living conditions, and various aspects of the local household environment including access to water were collected. A clean water index (CWI) was created based on combined factors, consistency of boiling water before drinking, frequency of storing and reusing water, and frequency of bathing and showering. H. pylori and hepatitis A antibodies were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two hundred eighty-eight individuals between the ages of 10 and 60 years participated. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was almost identical among the two ethnic groups (Russians 79% and Kazakhs 80%). H. pylori infection was inversely correlated with the CWI (i.e., 56%, 79%, and 95% for high, middle, and low, respectively (P < .05). Drinking river water had highest risk of H. pylori infection (OR = 13.6, 95% CI = 1.8-102.4; P < .01, compared with tap water). Crowding showed no significant effect on H. pylori prevalence. Anti-HAV antibodies were found in 86% of the population, 90% among the Russians versus 82% among the Kazakhs (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.8, P = .05). Although the two infections were highly correlated (P < .001), antibody to both infections were present simultaneously in only 74%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Kazakhstan is very high. The data suggest that transmission of H. pylori can be water borne, related to poor sanitary practices, or both. The high prevalence of antibodies to H. pylori and HAV among this population is a marker for poor sanitation and hygienic practices. Reducing the rate of H. pylori transmission will require improvements in overall sanitation including clean water, waste disposal, as well as in household hygienic practices.
Disparities in Provision of Transplant Information Affect Access to Kidney Transplantation

Recently Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began asking providers on Form‐2728 whether they informed patients about transplantation, and if not, to select a reason. The goals of this study were to describe national transplant education practices and analyze associations between practices and access to transplantation (ATT), based on United States Renal Data System (USRDS) data from 2005 to 2007. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with not being informed about transplantation, and modified Poisson regression to examine associations between not being informed and ATT (all models adjusted for demographics/comorbidities). Of 236 079 incident end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, 30.1% were not informed at time of 2728 filing, for reasons reported by providers as follows: 42.1% unassessed, 30.4% medically unfit, 16.9% unsuitable due to age, 3.1% psychologically unfit and 1.5% declined counsel. Older, obese, uninsured, Medicaid‐insured and patients at for‐profit centers were more likely to be unassessed. Women were more likely to be reported as unsuitable due to age, medically unfit and declined, and African Americans as psychologically unfit. Uninformed patients had a 53% lower rate of ATT, a disparity persisting in the subgroup of uninformed patients who were unassessed. Disparities in ATT may be partially explained by disparities in provision of transplant information; dialysis centers should ensure this critical intervention is offered equitably.
CURRENT STATUS OF LACTOSE‐FERMENTING NEISSERIA

Our interest in lactose-utilizing Neisseria was stimulated when several strains were submitted to us for confirmation as N . meningitidis. The majority of the strains were autoagglutinable, but some were serologically smooth and did not react in meningococcal grouping sera. Frequently, tests for lactose-utilization had not been performed by the referring laboratories. In addition, the ability of these organisms to grow on the Thayer-Martin Selective Medium (TM) was apparently a factor contributing to the preliminary identification as N. meningitidis. A report' of the examination of the biochemical and serological characteristics of 116 strains of lactose-utilizing Neisseria has been published. A comparison of the characteristics of these strains with those of N . meningitidis was presented, and a proposal for assigning the lactose-utilizing organisms to a new species, Neisseria lactamicus, was made. In the present report, similar data, including that obtained from the study of an additional 43 strains, are presented. Since only limited published data14 were available about the occurrence of N. lactamicus and its clinical significance, we collected data on pharyngeal and nasopharyngeal carriers from several population groups and reports of strains isolated from spinal fluid or blood. Some of this information is unpublished data obtained through personal communications from other workers.
Role of Talent Acquisition Processes on Competitive Advantage of Telecommunication Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya

The days when human resources were considered like asset and lamped together with land, money, and machinery as sources of organization competitive advantage are long gone. The human talent has tremendously evolved, grown and become a source of competitive advantage in the emerging knowledge economy driven by information technology . Organizations can hardly compete without adopting competitive talent acquisitions approaches to attract and retain talented workers with unique capabilities. To have the right talent in the right place and in the right time has become the game changer for successful organizations. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of talent management processes on competitive advantage of telecommunication firms in Nairobi City County Kenya. The study found that 77.6%) of the respondents agreed that talent acquisition plan contributes to competitive advantage of telecommunication firms while 16.4% disagreed. The study also established that 259 (69.9%) of the respondents agreed that talent acquisition had a significant relationship with determinant of competitive advantage namely superior innovation speed, and knowledge management. The study recommended that Telecommunication firm’s should consider implementing the determinants of talent acquisition processes, namely talent resources plans to guide workforce planning, and talent placement methods to ensure talent is placed at the right job at the right time. Telecommunication firms should also consider implementing talent selection frameworks, and set up departments that focuses on talent management. Keywords: Talent Acquisition, Competitive Advantage, Talent management.
Phosphate Deprivation in Maize: Genetics and Genomics1

Plants acquire phosphorus (P) from the soil in order to reach the intracellular concentrations necessary for growth and reproduction. To prevent P starvation, both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants have evolved well-regulated systems for inorganic phosphate (Pi) scavenging, acquisition, and
THE SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME.

"The subclavian steal" is a retrograde flow of blood from the vertebral-basilar system into the subclavian artery. The vertebral arteries participate in the collateral circulation around the first portion of the subclavian artery. This syndrome occurs when the first portion of the subclavian artery is occluded. The blood pressure in the distal subclavian artery is decreased to the point where it is lower than the pressure in the vertebral-basilar system and therefore blood flows in a retrograde fashion. This paper is a report of two cases of occlusion of the right subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. One patient exhibited a reversal of blood flow so as to siphon blood from the brain to the arm. The second patient demonstrated a similar anatomic picture but not the retrograde vertebral artery flow. Both patients were studied by arteriograms and treated by reconstituting the blood flow to the
Utility of CT scan evaluation for predicting pulmonary hypertension in patients with parenchymal lung disease. Medical College of Wisconsin Lung Transplant Group.

OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of CT-determined main pulmonary artery diameter (MPAD) for predicting pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with parenchymal lung disease. DESIGN Retrospective review of right-heart hemodynamic data and chest CT scans in 45 patients. SETTING Tertiary-referral teaching hospital and VA hospital. PATIENTS Between October 1990 and December 1995, 36 patients referred for evaluation of parenchymal lung disease or possible pulmonary vascular disease were found to have PH, as defined by mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) > or =20 mm Hg. Nine control patients (mPAP <20 mm Hg) were also identified (4 from hospital records search, 5 after evaluation for possible PH). RESULTS CT-determined MPAD was 35+/-6 mm in patients with PH and 27+/-2 mm in control subjects. In our group of patients, MPAD > or =29 mm had a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 89%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.97, and positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 7.91 for predicting PH; in the subgroup of patients with parenchymal lung disease (n=28, PH and control subjects), MPAD > or =29 mm had a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 75%, PPV of 0.95, and positive LR of 3.36 for predicting PH. The most specific findings for the presence of PH were both MPAD > or =29 mm and segmental artery-to-bronchus ratio > 1:1 in three or four lobes (specificity, 100%). There was no linear correlation between the degree of PH and MPAD (r=0.124). CONCLUSIONS CT-determined MPAD has excellent diagnostic value for detection of PH in patients with advanced lung disease. Therefore, standard chest CT scans can be used to screen for PH as a cause of exertional limitation in patients with parenchymal lung disease. Because CT is commonly used to evaluate parenchymal lung disease, this information is readily available.
Pengaruh ketidakpastian lingkungan terhadap partisipasi penganggaran dan kinerja manajerial

The study attemps to examine the relationship between budgetary participation and individual performance. In so doing the study considers environmental uncertainty as a moderating variable. Data for this study were collected by using questionaires, which were mailed to 430 department managers chosen from Indonesian Capital Markets Directory. There were 81 responses of which 73 were complete and hence usable. The study concludes that the budgetary participation effects the individual performance. However environmental uncertainty did not moderate the effects of participative budgeting on individual performance.
Os subtibiale mistaken for a recent fracture.

Une observation: douleur et gonflement au niveau de la malleole interne apres un traumatisme. La radiographie montre un fragment osseux arrondi qui est interprete comme une fracture, mais il n'y a pas d'hematome et la «reduction»-cerclage est inefficace. En realite il s'agit d'un os accessoire. Ces os sont frequemment trouves au niveau du pied; leur forme arrondie devrait les faire reconnaitre
The Effect of 2-Directional Magnetic Biasing Used for Tuning of a Ferrite-Loaded Re-entrant Cavity

Cavities that are partially filled with ferrite material provide a tunable resonance frequency by making use of the changing μ-characteristics of ferrites when exposed to an external magnetic bias field. The concept of using either parallel or perpendicular magnetic biasing to reach a certain resonance frequency of a cavity has been known for many years. However, a cavity based on superposition of perpendicular and parallel magnetic fields to obtain improved ferrite characteristics was suggested in W. R. Smythe “Reducing ferrite tuner power loss by bias field rotation,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 273-275, 1983, but to our knowledge was neither tested nor built. Such a 2-directional biasing is expected to provide a reduction in RF losses for an identical tuning range as compared with the classical 1-directional magnetic bias. We have successfully tested this theory with a measurement set-up consisting of a ferrite-filled cavity, exposed to external biases that allow the clear separation of the two orientations of superposed magnetic bias fields. The outcome is an enlargement of tuning range with high cavity Q and the possibility of fast tuning. In this paper, we describe the measurement set-up and present the tuning ranges that we attained by applying different bias schemes.
Financing MSMEs (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) in Nigeria: Implications of Transaction Costs

This study investigated the roles of transactions cost in MSMEs access to finance. This was done by investigating the impact of transactions cost on access to credit from both MSMEs and financial institutions (commercial banks and microfinance banks). From the MSMEs’ side, borrowing experience, decision lag, firm size and borrowers’ distance to the loan office were investigated. On the financial institution’s side, the costs of information gathering, loan administration, monitoring and loan enforcement were investigated. We used the questionnaire survey method, in-depth interviews and case studies, as well as the annual financial statements of the banks. We identified interest rate and collateral value as constraints to access to finance for MSMEs. We also found financial institutions’ attitude to MSMEs access to credit was not friendly. Financial institutions need to do more to bring down transaction cost of lending. This hopefully can be achieved by investing more in agent banking which would lower operating costs, as well as spreading risk, and ultimately increase credit intermediation to small businesses.
The Vocabulary of Beginning Writers: Implications for Children with Complex Communication Needs

One of the greatest challenges facing augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) professionals is providing children with complex communication needs with access to the vocabulary that they need in order to develop mature language and literacy abilities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vocabulary used by typically developing early-elementary children in the United States and New Zealand when they write about self-selected topics, in order to inform practices with children with complex communication needs. The children's writing samples were compared across school ages and countries. The school age comparisons highlighted the relatively restricted range of vocabulary used by children in the earliest stages of writing development, and the country comparisons revealed differences in core vocabulary. The findings of this study hopefully will assist AAC professionals as they engage in selecting, prioritizing, and organizing vocabulary to support written language development in children with complex communication needs.
Cyclical implications of the Basel II capital standards

This article reviews the economic efficiency implications of the Basel II capital standards. The authors argue that the mapping from measures of loan risk to capital requirements should not be time-invariant, but rather should be allowed to vary with business cycle conditions. They also attempt to assess empirically how much cyclicality in capital requirements might be induced by the current Basel II proposal. They find that the degree of cyclicality can be substantial.
STUDIES ON GANGRENE FOLLOWING COLD INJURY. I. A METHOD FOR PRODUCING GANGRENE BY MEANS OF CONTROLLED INJURY BY COLD.

The incidence of gangrene associated with a wide variety of injuries, in which infection is not a primary factor, continues to present problems of treatment at all levels of handling military casualties from the front line dressing stations to the large general hospitals. Gangrene results from injury due to freezing, prolonged exposure to wet and cold without freezing (immersion or trench foot), burns and vascular occlusion. It seems probable that the fundamental factors responsible for the appearance of gangrene are similar in all of these cases. A more detailed examination than has previously been made of the primary mechanisms by which gangrene is produced, and the steps which may be taken to prevent its occurrence, may have wide application to the general problem of the prevention and treatment of gangrene, irrespective of the primary injury. Local injury resulting from exposure to cold may take one of several different forms depending chiefly upon the temperature to which the part is exposed. Injury occurring after relatively brief exposure to severe cold, in which the skin and sometimes deeper tissues are actually frozen, will be referred to as "frostbite" (1). It is this type of injury with which this series of papers is primarily concerned. Exposure to milder degrees of cold, especially for long periods of time and under conditions favoring rapid transfer of heat from the body, results in a type of cold injury in which no actual freezing of tissue occurs. This "trench foot" or "immersion foot" type of injury is not specifically considered in this study, although it is recognized that the fundamental features of both may be similar.
Toelichting verwachte impact van IFRS 9 en IFRS 15

IAS 8 bevat de verplichting om informatie te verstrekken over nieuwe standaarden die nog niet toegepast hoeven te worden. In de 2017-jaarrekening geldt dat met name voor IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ en IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’. Wij analyseren de informatieverstrekking door Europese beursgenoteerde corporates. De meeste ondernemingen geven de impact aan. Van de onderzochte ondernemingen geeft 9% aan dat IFRS 9 een materiële impact heeft en voor IFRS 15 ligt dat percentage op 32%. IFRS 9 heeft materiële impact op de onderdelen Classificatie en waardering en Bijzondere waardevermindering. Voor IFRS 15 worden de nadere richtlijnen over het onderkennen van prestatieverplichtingen als belangrijkste reden voor aanpassing genoemd. Bij IFRS 9 kwantificeert zo’n 30% van de ondernemingen de impact en bij IFRS 15 is dat zo’n 50%. De meeste ondernemingen zonder kwantitatieve indicatie geven aan dat de impact niet materieel is.
An Analysis of Forward-Looking Disclosures, Corporate Governance and the Ability to Anticipate Future Earnings: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance, as measured by the effectiveness of the board of commissioners, the effectiveness of the directors, as well as the concentration of ownership to the level of mandatory forward-looking disclosures in the annual report. This study also aims to test the effect of mandatory forward-looking disclosures in the ability to anticipate future earnings in the current stock price. The results of the study support that the effectiveness of directors is positively associated with the level of forward-looking disclosures and ownership concentration is negatively associated with the level of forward-looking disclosures. However, this study found no significant relationship between the level of forward-looking disclosure and the effectiveness of the board of commissioners. The study also found no association between the level of forward-looking disclosures and the ability to anticipate future earnings in current stock prices.
- Cell deletion of Nr 4 a 1 and Nr 4 a 3 nuclear receptors impedes mitochondrial respiration and insulin secretion

Reynolds MS, Hancock CR, Ray JD, Kener KB, Draney C, Garland K, Hardman J, Bikman BT, Tessem JS. -Cell deletion of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 nuclear receptors impedes mitochondrial respiration and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 311: E186 –E201, 2016. First published May 24, 2016; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00022. 2016. — -Cell insulin secretion is dependent on proper mitochondrial function. Various studies have clearly shown that the Nr4a family of orphan nuclear receptors is essential for fuel utilization and mitochondrial function in liver, muscle, and adipose. Previously, we have demonstrated that overexpression of Nr4a1 or Nr4a3 is sufficient to induce proliferation of pancreatic -cells. In this study, we examined whether Nr4a expression impacts pancreatic -cell mitochondrial function. Here, we show that -cell mitochondrial respiration is dependent on the nuclear receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cells was significantly decreased in -cells lacking Nr4a1 or Nr4a3. Furthermore, respiration rates of intact cells deficient for Nr4a1 or Nr4a3 in the presence of 16 mM glucose resulted in decreased glucose mediated oxygen consumption. Consistent with this reduction in respiration, a significant decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rates is observed with deletion of Nr4a1 or Nr4a3. Interestingly, the changes in respiration and insulin secretion occur without a reduction in mitochondrial content, suggesting decreased mitochondrial function. We establish that knockdown of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 results in decreased expression of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase subunits Idh3g and Sdhb. We demonstrate that loss of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 impedes production of ATP and ultimately inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These data demonstrate for the first time that the orphan nuclear receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 are critical for -cell mitochondrial function and insulin secretion.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF APICAL LEAKAGE AFTER POST SPACE PREPARATION IN ROOT CANALS OBTURATED USING THREE RESIN-BASED ROOT CANAL SEALERS: AN IN-VITRO STUDY

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the apical seal of three resin-based sealers after post space preparation using glucose penetration method. Methods: Forty single rooted premolars decoronated at 16 mm were prepared using crown down technique. They were divided into three experimental groups of ten samples each, obturated with EndoREZ/ EndoREZ point, RealSeal/ Resilon points and MetaSEAL/ gutta-percha and two control groups (positive and negative) of five samples each. All the specimens were stored at 37 °C and 100% relative humidity in incubator for 24 hours. Post space preparation was carried out with Peeso reamer #1 to #3 leaving 5 mm of material. The apical leakage was tested at different time intervals using glucose leakage model. Glucose leakage values were measured using a spectrophotometer and statistically analysed. Results: The positive control group showed maximum apical leakage whereas, in the negative control group, no apical leakage was detected at all time periods. At all time periods, the mean apical leakage value was higher in EndoREZ group followed by RealSeal and MetaSEAL and difference between them was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: All the experimental groups showed increased degree of apical leakage from first day to end and among all EndoREZ showed the most and RealSeal showed the least apical leakage.