Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machiavelli: from radical to reactionary

Niccolò Machiavelli never used the term “natural law” and never discussed the subject. His silence is quite eloquent, if we consider that the concept amply circulated in the political and intellectual context of his time. Prominent members of Florentine civic humanism frequently referred to natural law understood as a superior norm that comes directly from God and has therefore a higher normative status in comparison with civil laws. Coluccio Salutati, to mention a prominent example, wrote in his essay on the nobility of law (De nobilitate legum et medicinae), composed around 1399 that true civil laws must embody the universal principles of equity, proportion, and justice that natural and divine laws reveal to us. Girolamo Savonarola repeated over and over in his writings and his sermons (some of which Machiavelli surely heard) that natural law is valid in all times and among all peoples, and that human laws must take inspiration from it.
Invariant subspaces of the harmonic Dirichlet space with large co-dimension

In this paper, we comment on the complexity of the invariant subspaces (under the bilateral Dirichlet shift f -* (f) of the harmonic Dirichlet space D. Using the sampling theory of Seip and some work on invariant subspaces of Bergman spaces, we will give examples of invariant subspaces . F C D with dim(.F/(F) = n, n E N U foo}. We will also generalize this to the Dirichlet classes D,, 0 < a < 0o, as well as the Besov classes Bp, 1 < p < 00, 0 < a < 1.
DNA Phase Behavior in the Presence of Oppositely Charged Surfactants

The interaction between DNA and alkyltrimethylammonium bromides of various chain lengths has been investigated. It is known that these systems phase separate with the formation of a precipitate; this important feature allows, for example, purification of nucleic acids. Phase maps were drawn for the aqueous systems illustrating the associative phase separation. The boundary of the two-phase region for the dilute part of the phase diagram was evaluated by turbidimetry, in both the absence and presence of salt. The extension of the precipitate region increases strongly with the surfactant alkyl chain length, and we observed no redissolution with an excess of surfactant. The addition of NaBr led to novel interesting findings. The phase diagram studies were correlated with the single molecule conformational behavior of the same systems as studied for very diluted solutions by fluorescence microscopy. DNA exhibits a discrete phase transition in the presence of cationic surfactants from coils to globules. Result.
Antinuclear antibodies in systemic sclerosis

Antinuclear autoantibodies are present in more than 90% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Some of these antibodies can be regarded as disease-specific: anticentromere antibodies, anti-topoisomerase I and anti-RNA polymerase I–III identify the three major serological subsets. Other important antibodies recognize nucleolar antigens, such as fibrillarin, Th/To and PM/Scl. All of these specific serological reactivities are mutually exclusive, have definite clinical associations and prognostic implications. This makes antinuclear antibodies a valuable tool in classifying and managing patients with SSc. SSc pathogenesis remains unclear and the role of autoantibodies is debated. Studies exploring their relationships with new emerging disease mechanisms are still in progress.
Magnetic Relaxation Behavior in Nd$_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$MnO$_{3}$: Observation of Negative Imaginary Component of ac Magnetic Susceptibility

Short time relaxation effect in Nd0.5Sr0. 5MnO3 manganites was observed. The effect is manifested as negative peak of imaginary component of ac magnetic susceptibility near the point of first order phase transition. The effect is explained at the frame of Landau theory of phase transition, where the coexistence of metastable and stable phases is considered.
Gender Earnings Gaps in the Caribbean: Evidence from Barbados and Jamaica

This paper analyzes gender earnings gaps in Barbados and Jamaica, using amatching comparisons approach. In both countries, as in most of the Caribbean region, females educational achievement is higher than that of males. Nonetheless, males earnings surpass those of their female peers. Depending on the set of control characteristics, males earnings surpass those of females by between 14 and 27 percent of average females wages in Barbados, and between 8 and 17 percent of average females wages in Jamaica. In the former, the highest earnings gaps are found among low-income workers. Results from both countries confirm a finding that has been recurrent with this matching approach: the complete elimination of gender occupational segregation in labor markets would increase rather than reduce gender earnings gaps. The evidence is mixed regarding segregation by economic sectors. Occupational experience, in the case of Barbados, and job tenure, in the case of Jamaica, help to explain existing gender earnings gaps.
Poster: Dynamic Charging Scheduling for EV Parking Lots with Renewable Energy

This paper addresses the optimal charging scheduling problem for Electric Vehicles (EVs) in an intelligent workplace parking lot powered by both the Photovoltaic Power (PV) System and the Power Grid. Due to the uncertain charging requirements of different EVs and time-varying available renewable energy, the charging load from the parking lot may bring a new challenge to the Power Grid. By minimizing total cost of the parking lot, we design a dynamic charging scheduling scheme to manage the charging processes of EVs based on the real- time information of EVs and renewable energy from the PV system. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the designed charging scheduling scheme.
Clinical, haematological and coagulation studies of bovine viral diarrhoea in local Iraqi calves.

Summary Alsaad, K. A. , Q. T. AlObaidi & S. D. Hassan, 2012 . Clinical, haematological and coagu� lation studies of bovine viral diarrhoea in local Iraqi calves. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. , 15, No 1, 44 −50. The objective of the present work was to investigate the clinical, haematological and blood chemical changes associated with bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) in local Iraqi calves. Out of 84 calves with clinical evidence of disease, 66 (55.44%) were ELISA seropositive for BVD. Diseased calves with BVD showed anorexia (89.39%), profuse watery diarrhoea mixed with mucus/or blood (78.78%), dehydration (78.78%), erosive lesions in the oral cavity (65.15%), salivation (60.6%), erosive lesions on the muzzle (48.48%), petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages of the visible mucosa (40.9%), weakness (37.87%) and lacrimation (31.81%). Statistically significant increase has been detected in body temperature, respiratory and heart rates in diseased calves in comparison with controls (P<0.05). The haematological results of control and diseased calves showed no significant difference in erythrocyte count and haemoglobin, however packed cell volume values were significantly higher in diseased calves than in controls. Leukopaenia, lymphopaenia and thrombocytopaenia were encountered in diseased calves. The platelet volume, platelet distribution width, clotting time, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in diseased calves. Blood biochemical changes revealed statistically significant (P<0.05) increased fibrinogen and haptoglobin concentrations in BVD calves.
Combined effect of irradiation and frozen storage on survival of viable bacteria and inoculated Escherichia coli in chicken

Combined effect of irradiation and frozen storage on viable bacteria and inoculated Eschericia coli in chicken was investigated. Samples of uninoculated chicken and samples of chicken inoculated with E. coli were irradiated using a Co-60 source at doses of 0, 2 ,4,6 and 8 kGy and stored for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days at -180 C. Samples were analyzed each week to enumerate surviving viable bacteria and E. coli. Irradiation doses of 2, 4, 6, and 8 kGy respectively reduced the population of viable bacteria in the uninoculated chicken by 2.06, 2.96, 3.91 and 4.21 log cycles. Storage for 56 days reduced populations of viable bacteria by approximately 2 log cycles for all irradiated uninoculated samples. Dose of 2 kGy reduced the population of E. coli in the unirradiated sample by 2.69 log cycles and 4, 6, 8 kGy reduced the population by > 7 log cycles. Storage for 56 days reduced the population of E. coli by 4.07 and > 3.52 log cycles respectively in the unirradiated and irradiated (2 kGy) samples. Irradiation doses of 4 to 8 kGy in combination with frozen storage were effective in reducing the populations of viable indigenous bacteria in addition to eliminating inoculated E. coli from chicken thus extending the shelf life and improving the hygienic quality.
Innovation and Creativity in Organizations

Creativity and innovation in any organization are vital to its successful performance. The authors review the rapidly growing body of research in this area with particular attention to the period 2002 to 2013, inclusive. Conceiving of both creativity and innovation as being integral parts of essentially the same process, we propose a new, integrative definition. We note that research into creativity has typically examined the stage of idea generation, whereas innovation studies have commonly also included the latter phase of idea implementation. The authors discuss several seminal theories of creativity and innovation and then apply a comprehensive levels-of-analysis framework to review extant research into individual, team, organizational, and multilevel innovation. Key measurement characteristics of the reviewed studies are then noted. In conclusion, we propose a guiding framework for future research comprising 11 major themes and 60 specific questions for future studies.
Tuning of the critical feedback level in 1.55-μm quantum dash semiconductor laser diodes

The onset of the coherence collapse (CC) regime, which is incompatible with data transmission, is investigated both theoretically and experimentally in a 1.55-μm InAs/InP quantum dash semiconductor laser. It is numerically shown that the filling from the excited state produces an additional term, which accelerates the route to chaos. This contribution can be seen as a perturbation that reduces the overall CC threshold.
Against coefficient of variation for estimation of intraindividual variability with accuracy measures

Previous studies have shown that intraindividual variability ( iV ) in performance is an important indicator of individual’s cognitive functioning and neurological integrity. While most experiments have examined iV of performance using Reaction Time data (RTs), few studies have considered it with accuracy measures (e.g. number / percentage of correct responses). For these two types of measures, intraindividual standard deviation ( iSD ) or intraindividual coefficient of variation ( iCV ; intraindividual standard deviation divided by the individual mean) were used as indicators of iV in performance. However, because accuracy data have a lower and an upper bound (in contrast to RTs), we illustrate both formally and with simulated data, that the iCV cannot be used with accuracy measures. We also show that the coefficient iCV is influenced by the number of items which is an issue when dealing with missing data. We further provide formulas that may help researchers to visualize and correctly interpret their data using any spreadsheet software. The current article finally proposes an alternative coefficient ( ) to examine iV in performance with accuracy measures that shows similar behaviour as does iCV with RTs data.
An objective comparison regarding rate of fistula and stricture among anterolateral thigh, radial forearm, and jejunal free tissue transfers in circumferential pharyngo‐esophageal reconstruction

The three commonly used free flaps for circumferential pharyngeal reconstruction after total pharyngo‐laryngectomy are the radial forearm flap (RFF), the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, and the jejunum flap. This study was to objectively compare three different flaps for pharyngeal reconstruction during the past 10 years. Stricture and fistula were assessed using esophagogram and esophagoscopy.
Replacement Value of Urea Treated Corn with Cobs for Concentrate Feed Mixture in Pregnant Ewes Rations

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding urea treated corn with cobs (UCC) as 50% (T2) or total replacement (T3) of pelleted concentrate feed mixture (CFM) compared to the conventional diets (CFM) on its production and reproduction performance. Rice straw was offered separately from the concentrate. Evaluation criteria included DM intake and utilization, ruminal fermentation characteristics, milk yield, birth, weaning and marketing weight and feed efficiency. In the first trial, 27 Ossimi, ewes beginning 45 days before expected day of lambing were assigned to the control, T2 and T3 diets. The milk was measured on day 14 post partum and once every week up to the 12 th week. The growth experimental periods were 137 day in duration using 15 weaned lambs. The selected lambs were allocated to the same three. In digestibility trial, 9 adult rams were allocated to three tested diets. In vivo digestibility, nutrients digestibility were different among diets. Feeding values (TDN) was greater for T3 followed by control diet whereas the highest DCP was recorded for T2. Feeding UCC had no effect on ruminal parameter in terms of pH, NH3 and total FVAs across the sampling time except for NH3-N. The replacement of CFM by UCC resulted in insignificant higher (p≤0.05) lambs birth weight T3 (3.44 kg) but lower milk yield T3 (436 g /day). The lower birth weight lambs control group (p ≤ 0.05) tended to grow faster and perform higher weaning as compared to the treated group. In growth trail, feeding UCC diets reduced ADG approximately 10% compared to control. The results indicated that DM, TDN and DCP needed produce 1 kg gain almost 5 to 10% better than the corresponding items from T2 and T3. Replacement of CFM in pregnant and growing lamps rations with UCC would be cost effective as cost UCC is only at 60% less than cost of CFM.
Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity and Intensive Care in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital

Aims: Maternal morbidity occurs due to complications arising in pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery. Women with acute severe morbidity require admission in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study was done to explore the profile of those women requiring intensive care. Methods: A study was conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital in which records of patients admitted in Maternal Intensive Care Unit (MICU) were evaluated for demographics, disease responsible for critical illness, complications that prompted MICU admissions, interventions required, length of MICU stay and resulting maternal morbidity and mortality. Results: Over the study period, 159 obstetric patients were transferred to MICU, representing 2.23% of 7109 deliveries. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (50%) and postpartum haemorrhage (14.46 %) were the two major obstetrical conditions responsible admission into MICU. Conclusions: Auditing of severe maternal morbidity will improve the quality of obstetric care and decrease the incidence of maternal morbidity and maternal mortality. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 2 / Issue 16 / July-Dec, 2013 / 38-41 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/njog.v8i2. 9768
Youth attitudes toward difference and diversity: a cross-national analysis

This paper analyses youth attitudes toward difference and cultural diversity. Firstly, we analyse data from 65 countries showing that youths are more tolerant than older people toward both stigmatised groups and groups perceived as racially or ethnically different. Findings also show that political conservatism is a very stable predictor of intolerance to difference. Secondly, we study the appraisals of cultural diversity in 21 European countries, showing that youths express greater openness to cultural diversity than older people. In this new study, while values of conservation correlate negatively with openness to cultural diversity, values of self-transcendence correlate positively.
LCFI charge transfer inefficiency studies for CCD vertex detectors

The Linear Collider Flavour Identification (LCFI) collaboration studies CCD detectors for quark flavour identification in the framework of a future linear e+e- collider. The flavour identification is based on precision reconstruction of charged tracks very close to the interaction point. Therefore, this detector will be exposed to a high level of radiation and thus an important aspect of the vertex detector development are radiation hardness studies. Results of detailed simulations of the charged transport properties of a CCD prototype chip are reported and compared with initial measurements. The simulation program allows to study the effect of radiation damage after the exposure of the detector to a realistic radiation dose, which is expected in the environment of detector operation at a future LC
Soil Respiratory Quotient Determined via Barometric Process Separation Combined with Nitrogen-15 Labeling

The barometric process separation (BaPS) and 15 N dilution techniques were used to determine gross nitrification rates on the same soil cores from an old grassland soil. The BaPS-technique separates the O 2 consumption into that from nitrification and that from soil organic matter (SOM) respiration. The most sensitive parameter for the calculations via the BaPS technique is the respiratory quotient (RQ = ΔCO 2 /ΔO 2 ) for SOM turnover (RQ SOM ). Combining both methods (BaPS- 15 N) allowed the determination of the RQ SOM . The RQ value determined in such a way is adjusted for the influence of nitrification and denitrification, which are both characterized by totally different RQ values. The results for the grassland soil showed that 6 to 10% of O 2 was consumed by nitrification when incubated at 20°C and 0.49 g H 2 O g -1 soil. A set of BaPS measurements with the same soil at various temperature and moisture contents showed that up to 49% of the total O 2 consumption was due to nitrification. The calculated RQ SOM values via the BaPS- 15 N technique presented here are more closely associated with the overall SOM turnover than the usual net RQ reported in the literature. Furthermore, the RQ SOM value provides an overall indication of the decomposability and chemical characteristics of the respired organic material. Hence, it has the potential to serve as a single state index for SOM quality and therefore be a useful index for SOM turnover models based on substrate quality.
Role of a Candida albicans P1-Type ATPase in Resistance to Copper and Silver Ion Toxicity

ABSTRACT Copper ion homeostasis is complicated in that copper is an essential element needed for a variety of cellular processes but is toxic at excess levels. To identify Candida albicans genes that are involved in resistance to copper ion toxicity, a library containing inserts of C. albicans genomic DNA was used to complement the copper sensitivity phenotype of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cup1Δ strain that is unable to produce Cup1p, a metallothionein (MT) responsible for high-level copper ion resistance. A P1-type ATPase (CPx type) that is closely related to the human Menkes and Wilson disease proteins was cloned. The gene encoding this pump was termed CRD1 (for copper resistance determinant). A gene encoding a 76-amino-acid MT similar to higher eukaryotic MTs in structure was also cloned, and the gene was termed CRD2. Transcription of the CRD1 gene was found to increase upon growth with increasing copper levels, while the CRD2 mRNA was expressed at a constant level. Strains with the CRD1gene disrupted were extremely sensitive to exogenous copper and failed to grow in medium containing 100 μM CuSO4. Thesecrd1 strains also exhibited increased sensitivity to silver and cadmium, indicating that Crd1p is somewhat promiscuous with respect to metal ion transport. Although strains with the CRD2 gene disrupted showed reduced growth rate with increasing copper concentration, the crd2 mutants eventually attained wild-type levels of growth, demonstrating that CRD2 is less important for resistance to copper ion toxicity. Crd1p is the first example of a eukaryotic copper pump that provides the primary source of cellular copper resistance, and its ability to confer silver resistance may enhance the prevalence of C. albicans as a nosocomial pathogen.
A P wave velocity model of Earth's core

Present Earth core models derived from the retrieval of global Earth structure are based on absolute travel times, mostly from the International Seismological Centre (ISC), and/or free-oscillation eigenfrequencies. Many core phase data are left out of these constructions, e.g., PKP differential travel times, amplitude ratios, and waveforms. This study is an attempt to utilize this additional information to construct a model of core P wave velocity which is consistent with the different types of core phase data available. In conjunction with our waveform modeling we used 150 differential time measurements and 87 amplitude ratio measurements, which were the highest-quality observations chosen from a large population of Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) records. As a result of fitting these various data sets, a one-dimensional P wave velocity model of the core, PREM2, is proposed. This model, modified from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) (Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981), shows a better fit to the combined data set than any of the existing core models. Major features of the model include a sharp velocity discontinuity at the inner core boundary (ICB), with a large jump (0.78 km/s), and a low velocity gradient at the base of the fluid core. The velocity is nearly constant over the lower 100 km of the outer core. The model features a depth-dependent Qα structure in the inner core such that a constant t* for the inner core fits the amplitude ratios and waveforms of short-period waves moderately well. This means the top of the inner core is more attenuating than the deeper part of the inner core. In addition, the P velocity in the lowermost mantle is reduced from that of PREM as a baseline adjustment for the observed separations of the DF and AB branches of PKP at large distances.
GaN-Based Cyan Light-Emitting Diode with up to 1-GHz Bandwidth for High-Speed Transmission Over SI-POF

We demonstrate the performance of a novel cyan light-emitting diode (LED) on a patterned sapphire substrate for use as a light source for plastic optical fiber (POF) communications with the central wavelength at 500 nm. By significantly reducing the number of active InxGa1-xN/GaN multiple quantum wells and the thickness of the barrier layers down to 5 nm, such a device with an active diameter of 47 μm demonstrates a record high 3-dB electrical-to-optical bandwidth, as high as 1 and 0.7 GHz, among all the reported high-speed visible LEDs under room temperature and 110 °C operation, respectively. TO-Can packaging with a lens is used to enhance the POF coupling efficiency. Very-high data rates of 5.5 and 5.8 Gbit/s are achieved over step index POF under nonreturn-to-zero and 4-pulse amplitude modulation, respectively. When the POF transmission distance reaches 50 m, there is degradation in the maximum data rate for both modulation schemes to 1.3 Gbit/s due to the dispersion and attenuation of the POF.