Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weapon involvement in armed robbery

This analysis of 16,235 records relating to armed robbery in Australia between 1996 and 1998 finds that there were no differences in the type of weapon used by an offender of armed robbery based on the type of victim selected, whether an individual or anorganisation; generally, knives were used most often to commit armed robbery, although when the target was a bank, credit union or building society a firearm was more frequently used; and there were no differences in the type of weapon used according to gender and age of offenders.
Identification of Protein Coding Regions in the Eukaryotic DNA Sequences Based on Marple Algorithm and Wavelet Packets Transform

The identification of protein coding regions (exons) plays a critical role in eukaryotic gene structure prediction. Many techniques have been introduced for discriminating between the exons and the introns in the eukaryotic DNA sequences, such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based techniques, but these DFT-based methods rapidly lose their effectiveness in the case of short DNA sequences. In this paper, a novel integrated algorithm based on autoregressive spectrum analysis and wavelet packets transform is presented to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the coding regions identification. The experimental results show that the new algorithm outperforms the conventional DFT-based approaches in improving the prediction accuracy of protein coding regions distinctly by testing GENSCAN65, HMR195, and BG570 benchmark datasets.
Disengagement from angry faces 1 Angry faces hold the eyes

Efficient processing of complex social and biological stimuli associated with threat is crucial for survival. Previous studies have suggested that threatening stimuli such as angry faces not only capture visual attention, but also delay the disengagement of attention from their location. However, in the previous studies disengagement of attention was measured indirectly and was inferred on the basis of delayed manual responses. The present study employed a novel paradigm that allows to directly examine the delayed disengagement hypothesis by measuring the time it takes to disengage the eyes from threatening stimuli. The results showed that participants were indeed slower to make an eye movement away from an angry face presented at fixation than from either a neutral or a happy face. This finding provides converging support that the delay in disengagement of attention is an important component of processing threatening information.
An Econometric Analysis of Fiscal Policy Budget Constraints in Endogenous Growth Models

Kneller et al. (1999) examined the predictions of the public-policy endogenous growth models of Barro (1990) and others that suggest that unlike distortionary taxation and productive expenditures, nondistortionary taxation and nonproductive expenditures have no direct effect on the rate of growth. This paper provides an econometric theory with their empirical methodology and applies to work by Kneller et al. (1999) as a numerical example to show how the econometric theory works in practice. This paper also confirms from the viewpoint of econometric analysis that their study supports the Barro (1990)'s predictions.
Why Are Earnings Kinky

Prior research has documented a “kink” in the earnings distribution: too few firms report small losses, too many firms report small profits. We investigate whether boosting of discretionary accruals to report a small profit is a reasonable explanation for this “kink. ” Overall, we are unable to confirm that boosting of discretionary accruals is the key driver of the kink. We caution the use of the ratio of small profit firms to small loss firms as a measure of earnings management. We investigate and discuss a number of alternative explanations for the kink.
Determinants of small ruminant farmers decision to participate in veterinary services in Northern Ghana

This study analysed the determinants of small ruminant farmers’ participation in veterinary services in Northern Ghana. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data on 249 farm households in different locations in Northern Ghana. Analytical tools including frequencies, means and logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The regression analysis indicates a positive relationship between participation in veterinary services and sex of household head (p<0.05), education (p<0.05), household income level (P<0.05), herd size (p<0.05), and affordability of veterinary service (P<0.01). In addition, the study shows that diseases and pests menace, insufficient veterinary offices and animal health professionals were the major three constraints affecting animal health management in northern Ghana. In order to improve quality delivery of veterinary service in the area, the result of the logistic model provides a guideline to select farm households for implementation of veterinary extension programs in the region. Such guideline should be based on the important socio-economic and farm-related variables identified from the regression analysis. Furthermore, sustainable livestock production can be enhanced when animal health centers and professionals are made visible at local farming communities. Therefore, policies that provide an enabling environment for more private veterinary practice is relevant. More so, more qualified animal health professionals need to be trained to commensurate with the increasing number of livestock smallholders in the country. Key words: Small ruminant, farm households, veterinary services, logistic regression, Northern Ghana.
Modeling organic electronic materials: bridging length and time scales

Organic electronics is a popular and rapidly growing field of research. The optical, electrical and mechanical properties of organic molecules and materials can be tailored using increasingly well controlled synthetic methods. The challenge and fascination with this field of research is derived from the fact that not only the chemical identity, but also the spatial arrangement of the molecules critically affects the performance of the material. Thus synthetic, fabrication, characterisation and computational scientists need to work closely to relate a materials performance in a device to the molecular details that cause and optimise that performance. For computational scientists in particular, the need to relate macroscopic device performance to details of molecular electronic structure brings challenges in methodology due to the need to bridge many orders of time and length scales. This article provides a survey of computational methods applied to multiple-length and time scale problems in organic electronic materials. Here we seek to highlight a few particular approaches that expand the simulation toolbox.
Learning in Multicultural Environments: Learners as Co- designers

This article will analyze how the teacher should collaborate with the learners in a co-design of virtual learning environments. Teachers design learning environments to fulfil a set of goals and aims, with a target group in mind. However, if there is a mismatch between the target group and the course, the learners will react to it either by exercising resistance, or by trying to adapt the artefact to their needs. In such cases, the teacher can use the learners’ contribution as an input to the design. By using cultural historical activity theory, this paper will analyze those processes of co-design, using a case study as an example, and suggest that teachers recognize and support the role of learners as co-designers. On the one hand, it will contribute to the motivation of the learners. On the other hand, it will improve the quality of the course, adapting it to the needs and wishes of the target group.
Avoiding Bending in Case of Uniaxial Tension with Electromagnetic Forming

During electromagnetic forming, excessive bending of the specimen takes place due to high velocities and inertia. We show that the excessive bending can be prevented by optimizing the coil geometry in case of uniaxial tension. The process is simulated with various coil geometries, and the resulting amount of bending is compared to the case of standard Nakajima Test. The comparison shows that the bending can be minimised to acceptable levels to be able to call the method a decent way of determining forming limits. The results should be verified experimentally.
Some Empirical Evidence on the Stability of Money Demand in Kenya

This study examines the stability of the demand for money in Kenya owing to conflicting results derived from previous studies which have cast doubt on the relevance of monetary targeting. Bounds testing techniques are applied and an error correction model estimated. Demand for broad monetary aggregates is shown to be stable. Moreover, the real income elasticity estimates derived in the analysis are reasonably within the range expected in the Baumol-Tobin framework while the interest rate (Treasury bill rate) elasticity is in the expected range of -0.1 to -0.5. An uncertainty variable incorporated in the model is found to have positive effects on demand for broad monetary aggregates particularly M2 money demand, implying that uncertainty drives economic agents to subsequently switch to relatively liquid assets. The finding that demand for broad monetary aggregates is stable can be interpreted to mean that monetary targeting remains relevant in the Kenyan context.
Dark respiration and photosynthesis of dormant and sprouting turions of aquatic plants

Turions are overwintering, dormant organs, produced by aquatic plants. In spring, aerobic dark respiration (RD) and photosynthetic rates (PN) were measured as criteria of metabolic activity and photosynthetic capacity in dormant turions of 7 temperate aquatic plant species. These rates were also measured in old, original turion segments and in the newly formed shoots of sprouting turions. Two non-carnivorous rooting species (Caldesia parnassifolia, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) and 5 carnivorous rootless species (Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Utricularia vulgaris, U. australis, U. stygia, U. bremii) were studied. RD values of dormant turions per unit fresh weight (range 1.1– 5.4 mmol kgFW h ) were significantly lower (1.9 –13 times) for all species, except A. vesiculosa, than those for old segments of sprouting turions (range 5.2 –14 mmol kgFW h ). However, RD and PN values of old and newly formed turion segments in U. australis and U. stygia were similar. PN values of dormant turions under optimum conditions were either very low or negative, while PN values of old segments of sprouting turions of all species except H. morsus-ranae were very high (18 – 94 mmol kgFW h ). In a Nand P-free solution, turions of all species except A. vesiculosa formed distinct new organs after 6 – 20 days. In conclusion, the intensity of metabolism (both RD and PN) in sprouting turions reaches the level of adult shoots or leaves of the same species. Turions of aquatic plants also function as important storage organs for mineral nutrients (N, P, S and Mg) to ensure the growth of new organs.
Morphoagronomic evaluation of traditional rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) collected in grower farm from Pinar del Río province.

The research was conducted in Unidad Cientifico Tecnologica de Base (UCTB) Los Palacios belonging to the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agricolas (INCA), with the aim of contributing to the enrichment and genetic diversity conservation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by morphoagronomic characterization of traditional cultivars collected in grower farm from Pinar del Rio province. Were evaluated a total of 13 cultivars, including 11 traditional and two improved using a randomized complete design with five repetitions. In the development of the investigation twentyfive descriptors were used that included qualitative and quantitative characters, which were measured in flowering, ripening and postharvest stages crop. The obtained data were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Differences between cultivars for qualitative and quantitative characters were found. Were detected in the genotypes Andres, Bluebonnet, Estrella Roja and Caracol, interest characters such as earliness, plant erection, panicle length, compact and well emerged panicles, tillering capacity and slow senescence that could contribute to make progress rice genetic improvement.
Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Trade: Empirical Evidence for the East Asian Economies

We investigated the impact of real exchange rate (REX) volatility on the trade performance of six East Asian economies. Several break dates were detected in the REX series over the sample period of January 1990 to December 2008. Exchange rate volatility was determined to be inherently asymmetric in all of the currency markets. We found short-run exports to be adversely affected by REX volatility in four countries, although this response was small. For imports, REX volatility was found to have a negative effect in only two of the six countries (Singapore and Indonesia). In short, there was less evidence to support the hypothesis that currency volatility has a strong negative effect on trade flows in East Asian economies. We also addressed the possibility of endogeneity in regressors and allowed for heterogeneity across countries in the model parameters.
Do women vote for women? Evidence from the Argentine National Congress

Whether or not female representation has an impact in legislative bodies across the world has been hotly debated. Much of the research indicates that female representatives have more interest in women, children, and familial issues, which become apparent in voting behavior and bill proposition. Swers (1998) finds in the U.S. that women representatives are more likely to vote for women’s issue bills as opposed to their male colleagues. Jones (1997) finds that Argentine female representatives propose more bills concerning women, children, and familial issues. However, this paper attempts to use recently released roll call voting data in Argentina to show women representatives will (or more likely? ) vote for women. I find results consistent with previous literature that gender becomes more significant in bills directly concerning women, but the variable is overwhelmed by party and constituency characteristics in other bills. Women will vote for women more so than their male counterparts.
Dirichlet forms as Banach algebras and applications

We study regular Dirichlet forms on locally compact Hausdorff spaces X in the framework of the theory of commutative Banach algebras. We prove that, suitably normed, the Dirichlet algebra B e = C 0 (X) ∩ F e of continuous functions vanishing at infinity in the extended domain F e of a Dirichlet form (E, F) is a semisimple Banach algebra. This implies that two strongly local Dirichlet forms (E 1 , F 1 ), (E 2 , F 2 ) are quasi-equivalent (that is, c-1 E 1 ≤E 2 ≤ c E 1 for some c > 0) if and only if they have the same domain. We describe the ideal structure of B e , showing that the algebraic K-theory K * (B e ) of the Dirichlet algebra B e is isomorphic to the topological K-theory K*(X). This allows the construction of Dirichlet structures on (sections of) finite-dimensional, locally trivial vector bundles over X.
Ownership structure and dividend policy: Evidence from Iran

Ownership structure is an influential factor on firm policies. One of these policies is dividend policy. Therefore, a significant relationship between ownership structure and dividend policy is expected. This paper examined the relationship between dividend policy and ownership structure in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2007. In this study, four regression models were used. Institutional ownership was negatively associated with dividend payout. It indicated that the presence of institutional investors results in less usage from dividend as a signal for good corporate performance. Moreover, positive relationship was founded between dividend payout and concentrated institutional ownership. However, there was not a significant relationship between managerial ownership and dividend payout. Key words: Ownership structure, institutional ownership, concentrated institutional ownership, managerial ownership, dividend policy.
Integration of Fishers' Perceptions on the Environment in a Multinomial Probit Model: The Green Economy in a Small-scale Fishery

The objectives of this study were to examine both the significance of fishers' perceptions regarding environmental role and degradation into their adoption of new preferences regarding environmental management and how these preferences themselves influence environmental perception. The study is based on data from 200 fishermen in the north-east of Madagascar. The paper analyses the effects of environmental variables and fishers' perception on the way how the fishers perceive environmental change in a multinomial probit model. This model is used to define the aggregate of fishers' bottom-up and top-down explanatory variables of increasing the climate change perception.
Comparison of the Changes in Nutritional Quality of Three Important Small Indigenous Fish Species in Bangladesh at Room Temperature (27Â°-31Â°C): A Review

This study was conducted to change the nutritional quality of three Small Indigenous Fish Species products. Organoleptic characteristics, chemical composition and microbiological load (TPC) of fresh and sun dried fish samples- Taki (Channa punctatus), Puti (Puntius sophore) and Chapila (Gudusia chapra) were determined using standard methods of analysis at room temperature (27°-31°C) for shelf life. The moisture content of the sun dried products ranged from 18.32 to 26.24% with the lowest in Puti and the highest value in Chapila. The moisture content of the fresh products was in the range of 71.09 to 75.89%. The range of protein contents on dried fish products was from 42.4 to 54.65% with maximum obtained in Taki and minimum in Puti. Lipid contents of dried fish products were ranged from 5.15 to 9.21%. Maximum reconstitution of sun dried products was obtained at 60°C in all samples and was in the range of 52.51 to 55.92% where the percentage of reconstitution increases with the increase of socking time and reach maximum at the end of up to 45 min. The TVB-N content of fresh fish is low compared with sun dried one ranging from 32.45 to 34.45 mg/100 g. Peroxide value, acid value and conjugated diene of fresh fish products showed better in quality than dried fish products. The bacterial load of the sun dried products was in the range of 2.44 × 105 to 2.52 × 106 CFU/g and of the fresh products ranged from 3.9 × 104 to 3.8 × 105 CFU/g. These results showed that fresh fish products indicated excellent in quality over dried fish products at room temperature.
Exchange Rate Volatility and Export Growth in India: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

This paper empirically investigates the impact of exchange rate volatility on the real exports in India using the ARDL bounds testing procedure proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001). Using annual time series data, the empirical analyses has been carried out for the period 1970 to 2011. The study results confirm that real exports are cointegrated with exchange rate volatility, real exchange rate, gross domestic product and foreign economic activity. Our findings indicate that the exchange rate volatility has significant negative impact on real exports both in the short-run and long-run, implying that higher exchange rate fluctuation tends to reduce real exports in India. Besides, the real exchange rate has negative short-run and positive long-run effects on real exports. The empirical results reveal that GDP has a positive and significant impact on India’s real exports in the long-run, but the impact turns out to be insignificant in the short-run. In addition, the foreign economic activity exerts significant negative and positive impact on real exports in the short-run and long-run, respectively.
A statistical-mechanical explanation of dark matter halo properties

Context. Cosmological N-body simulations have revealed many empirical relationships of dark matter halos, yet the physical origin of these halo properties still remains unclear. On the other hand, the attempts to establish the statistical mechanics for self-gravitating systems have encountered many formal difficulties, and little progress has been made for about fifty years. Aims. The aim of this work is to strengthen the validity of the statistical-mechanical approach we have proposed previously to explain the dark matter halo properties. Methods. By introducing an effective pressure instead of the radial pressure to construct the specific entropy, we use the entropy principle and proceed in a similar way as previously to obtain an entropy stationary equation. Results. An equation of state for equilibrated dark halos is derived from this entropy stationary equation, by which the dark halo density profiles with finite mass can be obtained. We also derive the anisotropy parameter and pseudo-phase-space density profile. All these predictions agree well with numerical simulations in the outer regions of dark halos. Conclusions. Our work provides further support to the idea that statistical mechanics for self-gravitating systems is a viable tool for investigation.
Climate‐driven range extension of a sea urchin: inferring future trends by analysis of recent population dynamics

Patterns of climate‐forced range shift in the marine environment are informed by investigating the population dynamics of an ecologically important sea urchin (Centrostephanus rodgersii– Diadematidae) across its newly extended range in Tasmania (southeastern Australia). A growth model of C. rodgersii is developed allowing estimation of a sea urchin age profile and, in combination with abundance data, we correlate the sea urchin population dynamic with respect to environmental signals across the range extension region. Growth patterns did not vary across the extension region; however, there was a strong pattern of decreasing sea urchin age with increasing distance from the historic range. The sequential poleward discovery of the sea urchin, a pattern of declining age and a general poleward reduction in abundance along the eastern Tasmanian coastline are consistent with a model of range extension driven by recent change in patterns of larval dispersal. We explore this hypothesis by correlating C. rodgersii population characteristics with respect to the East Australian Current (EAC), i.e. the chief vector for poleward larval dispersal, and reveal patterns of declining sea urchin age and abundance with increasing distance from this oceanic feature. Furthermore, C. rodgersii is generally limited to sites where average winter temperatures are warmer than the cold threshold for its larval development. Potential dispersal and physiological mechanisms defining the range extension appear to be strongly coupled to the EAC which has undergone recent poleward advance and resulted in coastal warming in eastern Tasmania. Predicted climate change conditions for this region will favour continued population expansion of C. rodgersii not only via atmospheric‐forced ocean warming, but also via ongoing intensification of the EAC driving continued poleward supply of larvae and heat.