Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Dynamic Access Energy Efficiency in Multiuser CRNs With Primary User Return

Coexistence between primary users and secondary users (SUs) in a cognitive radio network makes interference inevitable. In coexistence with the dynamic primary user, interference has profound implications on network metrics because the interference due to primary user reoccupancies is intense. To improve the spectrum utilization, mitigating interference should be considered. Hence, in this study, we consider multiuser cognitive radio and propose an analytical framework to formulate dynamic access energy efficiency (DAEE) and collision probability with regard to the traffic behavior of different users. Interferences due to sensing errors and primary user reoccupancies are formulated and introduced in DAEE and collision probability. Network metrics are depicted for different dynamic rates of the primary user traffic and different numbers of SUs. Furthermore, the queue stability of SUs’ buffer is also investigated for different numbers of SUs. The effect of sensing and transmission time on the stability area of the SUs’ packet queue is discussed too. Finally, simulation results are given to justify the theoretical results. Suitable values for sensing and transmission time are obtained in order to maximize DAEE under collision and queue stability constraints.
Quantifying the Mega-regional Trade Agreements: A Review of the Models

Major developments in trade policy are currently taking place in the mega-regional trade agreements, in particular in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, and the Trade in Services Agreement. These agreements are setting new standards and breaking new ground in setting the rules for global commerce. In addition, a large number of other agreements are incorporating state-of-the-art provisions governing at least some aspects of trade and investment. These include the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the Tripartite Free Trade Agreement, and a large number of bilateral trade and investment agreements. Complementing and internalizing the recent WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, these agreements are introducing new WTO-plus rules for services and investment, addressing emerging issues, such as electronic commerce and the role of state-owned enterprises, and introducing whole new subject areas to agreements. There is deep interest in understanding the impact of these new developments, both on the part of policy makers in countries that are party to the negotiations and in countries that are excluded, but which will nonetheless be affected by the new standards and rules. Traditional quantitative trade models are being adapted to provide comprehensive answers. This paper reviews these models and considers the extent to which they capture the full effects of the new age agreements. We find that the most comprehensive approach to modelling the mega-regionals is to employ a Computable General Equilibrium model of the type used for multi-sector, multi-region trade analysis. These are the only models with sufficient structural features to capture the main focus areas of the mega-regionals, namely services, investment, and the new ― behind the border‖ issues, while still covering the traditional areas of liberalization, such as tariffs and at least some features of agricultural trade. However, given the wide range of CGE models with different features, inevitably the impact of mega-regionals is probably best captured by meta-analysis of a suite of CGE-based studies, drawing on satellite models for additional structural detail and on sufficient statistics estimates as reality checks.
How Behavior Change Support Systems Influence Self-Efficacy: a Qualitative Study using Wearables

Although Behavior Change Support Systems (BCSS) are gaining ground in the field of health in-terventions, we lack an empirically grounded understanding of how the behavior change tech-niques (BCTs) that are implemented in BCSS influence behavioral outcomes. Based on the self-efficacy theory, we conduct narrative interviews to investigate the process along which BCTs ap-plied in wearable activity trackers (WATs) influence users’ perceived self-efficacy and behaviors. We find three patterns that show how WATs’ BCTs feed certain information sources on which users build their self-efficacy beliefs. We identify a positive path (i.e., high self-efficacy, leading to com-pliant behavior) and a negative path (i.e., low self-efficacy, leading to non-compliant behavior) for each of these patterns. Our findings indicate that, under certain circumstances and/or at a cer-tain level of task difficulty, BCTs inflict adverse effects on users’ perceptions of their self-efficacy and their subsequent behavioral responses. Our results provide insights for theory and practice into how BCSS affect perceptions of self-efficacy and behavior change.
Barriers to Autopsy: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in New York State

Surveillance of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) monitors trends and ensures timely identification of variant CJD and other emergent prion diseases. Brain tissue is needed to definitively diagnose these diseases. A survey of neurologists and pathologists in New York State was conducted to understand neurologists’ and pathologists’ views on autopsy and CJD. Neurologists reported using autopsy rarely or never. Over half of the pathologists worked in facilities that did not perform autopsies when CJD was suspected. Barriers to autopsy included family reluctance, infection control concerns, and local facilities unable to perform brain autopsy. More accurate, complete recognition of CJD and variant forms depends on physician awareness of the manifestations of CJD and its diagnosis, access to pathologists and facilities willing and able to perform brain biopsies and autopsies, and family acceptance of such procedures.
Field-Circuit Coupling Simulation of Petawatt-Class Z-Pinch Accelerator

Most of the previous studies of petawatt-class Z-pinch accelerator are performing the circuit simulation based on a full-circuit model. This model may cause nonignorable error because it is under the assumption of TEM modes transmission along the monolithic radial transmission lines (MRTLs). In this paper, a method for field-circuit coupling simulation of petawatt-class Z-pinch accelerator was developed, which considered the non-TEM modes in the MRTLs. A 3-D electromagnetic simulation (EMS) of the MRTLs was conducted, and MRTLs’ equivalent circuit was created based on the scattering transfer parameters drawn from the EMS. By inserting the MRTLs’ equivalent circuit into the pulsed generators and Z-pinch load, a field-circuit coupling model of the whole petawatt-class Z-pinch accelerator was obtained. This method was used in the simulation of Z800 accelerator, a petawatt-class Z-pinch accelerator, and the load was a wire array for Z-pinch. Compared to the previous circuit model, the load current obtained with the field-circuit coupling model was lower, and thus, the load-implosion time was longer. Then, we compared the load current of accelerators using exponential, hyperbolic, and linear MRTLs, respectively, and recommended the linear one. The relation between energy transmission efficiency and load parameters was also investigated.
Bipolar disorder in the Bulgarian Gypsies: Genetic heterogeneity in a young founder population

We report the results of follow‐up analyses of 12 genomic regions showing evidence of linkage in a genome‐wide scan (GWS) of Gypsy families with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). The Gypsies are a young founder population comprising multiple genetically differentiated sub‐isolates with strong founder effect and limited genetic diversity. The BPAD families belong to a single sub‐isolate and are connected by numerous inter‐marriages, resulting in a super‐pedigree with 181 members. We aimed to re‐assess the positive GWS findings and search for evidence of a founder susceptibility allele after the addition of newly recruited subjects, some changes in diagnostic assignment, and the use of denser genetic maps. Linkage analysis was conducted with SimWalk2, accommodating the full complexity of pedigree structure and using a conservative narrow phenotype definition (BPAD only). Six regions were rejected, while 1p36, 13q31, 17p11, 17q21, 6q24, and 4q31 produced nominally significant results in both the individual families and the super‐pedigree. Haplotypes were reconstructed and joint tests for linkage and association were done for the most promising regions. No common ancestral haplotype was identified by sequencing a strong positional and functional candidate gene (GRM1) and additional STR genotyping in the top GWS region, 6q24. The best supported region was a 12 cM interval on 4q31, also implicated in previous studies, where we obtained significant results in the super‐pedigree using both SimWalk2 (P = 0.004) and joint Pseudomarker analysis of linkage and linkage disequilibrium (P = 0.000056). The size of the region and the characteristics of the Gypsy population make it suitable for LD mapping. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low-Power High-Accuracy Approximate Multiplier Using Approximate High-Order Compressors

To reduce the power consumption, the design of approximate multiplier appears as a promising solution for many error-resilient applications. In this paper, we propose a low-power high-accuracy approximate 8 × 8 multiplier design. The proposed design has two main features. First, according to the significance, different weights utilize different compressors (in different levels of accuracy) to accumulate their product terms. As a result, the power consumption can be saved with a small error. Second, for the middle significance weights, we use high-order approximate compressors (e.g., 8:2 compressor) to reduce the logic of carry chains. To our knowledge, the proposed design is the first work that successfully uses high-order approximate compressors in the approximate multiplier design. Compared with an exact multiplier (Dadda tree multiplier), experimental results show that the proposed approximate multiplier can achieve both low power and high accuracy.
Naturally acquired immunity against immature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes

Naturally acquired immune responses target infected red blood cell surface antigens of immature malaria transmission stages. Targeting transmission Effective malaria vaccines to block transmission of Plasmodium falciparum may require targeting of different antigens than those that are currently being studied. To identify candidate antigens, Dantzler et al. studied immune responses from large cohorts of people that had been infected with P. falciparum. They used multiple complementary assays to study how antibodies recognize different stages of gametocytes, the sexual stage that allows transmission from human blood into mosquitoes. Immune sera recognized immature but not mature gametocytes inside red blood cells. They further studied a selection of candidate antigens that are not present in other stages and are relatively conserved across P. falciparum strains. Strong natural immunity to these antigens indicates that a vaccine may be designed to induce protective immune responses that could potentially interfere with transmission. The recent decline in global malaria burden has stimulated efforts toward Plasmodium falciparum elimination. Understanding the biology of malaria transmission stages may provide opportunities to reduce or prevent onward transmission to mosquitoes. Immature P. falciparum transmission stages, termed stages I to IV gametocytes, sequester in human bone marrow before release into the circulation as mature stage V gametocytes. This process likely involves interactions between host receptors and potentially immunogenic adhesins on the infected red blood cell (iRBC) surface. Here, we developed a flow cytometry assay to examine immune recognition of live gametocytes of different developmental stages by naturally exposed Malawians. We identified strong antibody recognition of the earliest immature gametocyte-iRBCs (giRBCs) but not mature stage V giRBCs. Candidate surface antigens (n = 30), most of them shared between asexual- and gametocyte-iRBCs, were identified by mass spectrometry and mouse immunizations, as well as correlations between responses by protein microarray and flow cytometry. Naturally acquired responses to a subset of candidate antigens were associated with reduced asexual and gametocyte density, and plasma samples from malaria-infected individuals were able to induce immune clearance of giRBCs in vitro. Infected RBC surface expression of select candidate antigens was validated using specific antibodies, and genetic analysis revealed a subset with minimal variation across strains. Our data demonstrate that humoral immune responses to immature giRBCs and shared iRBC antigens are naturally acquired after malaria exposure. These humoral immune responses may have consequences for malaria transmission potential by clearing developing gametocytes, which could be leveraged for malaria intervention.
In Vivo Cyclophosphamide and IL-2 Treatment Impedes Self-Antigen-Induced Effector CD4 Cell Tolerization: Implications for Adoptive Immunotherapy1

The development of T cell tolerance directed toward tumor-associated Ags can limit the repertoire of functional tumor-reactive T cells, thus impairing the ability of vaccines to elicit effective antitumor immunity. Adoptive immunotherapy strategies using ex vivo expanded tumor-reactive effector T cells can bypass this problem; however, the susceptibility of effector T cells to undergoing tolerization suggests that tolerance might also negatively impact adoptive immunotherapy. Nonetheless, adoptive immunotherapy strategies can be effective, particularly those utilizing the drug cyclophosphamide (CY) and/or exogenous IL-2. In the current study, we used a TCR-transgenic mouse adoptive transfer system to assess whether CY plus IL-2 treatment rescues effector CD4 cell function in the face of tolerizing Ag (i.e., cognate parenchymal self-Ag). CY plus IL-2 treatment not only enhances proliferation and accumulation of effector CD4 cells, but also preserves the ability of these cells to express the effector cytokine IFN-γ (and to a lesser extent TNF-α) in proportion to the level of parenchymal self-Ag expression. When administered individually, CY but not IL-2 can markedly impede tolerization, although their combination is the most effective. Although effector CD4 cells in CY plus IL-2-treated self-Ag-expressing mice eventually succumb to tolerization, this delay results in an increased level of in situ IFN-γ expression in cognate Ag-expressing parenchymal tissues as well as death via a mechanism that requires direct parenchymal Ag presentation. These results suggest that one potential mechanism by which CY and IL-2 augment adoptive immunotherapy strategies to treat cancer is by impeding the tolerization of tumor-reactive effector T cells.
Will Renting Substitute Buying? Drivers of User Intention to Participate in Rental-Commerce

In recent years, consumer consumption has undergone massive change. Different consumption forms, such as collaborative consumption or access-based consumption, are on the rise in the environment of the sharing economy. A relatively new field is rental-commerce, in which users rent everyday products via an online website for a fixed period of time and a fixed (e.g. daily or monthly) price. To investigate this new phenomenon, we examined what drives inexperienced users to take part in rental-commerce. Our results showed that sustainability, economic benefits, trust, safety, complexity, and knowledge of rental-commerce serve as predictors of the intention to rent products via a rental-commerce website. Surprisingly, knowledge of terms of use has no significant influence on this behavioral intention. As such, rental-commerce retailers should pay special attention to these results and highlight the advantages to determine users’ willingness to take part in this business model.
IoT Based Poultry House Monitoring

Recently, the use of IoT (Internet of Things) based system has been expanded with inestimable Internet resources. The system demonstrates the creation of innovative systems that facilitate control and supervision regardless of distance and time. In a poultry house, both temperature and humidity levels should be monitored regularly in ensuring the system runs smoothly. It needs to be monitored 24/7 to avoid incidents that caused the temperature rises too high. This paper highlights the IoT solution in monitoring the temperature and humidity condition including the presence of electricity connectivity, regardless of time and place.
Extensive Set of 16S rRNA-Based Probes for Detection of Bacteria in Human Feces

ABSTRACT For the detection of six groups of anaerobic bacteria in human feces, we designed seven new 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide probes. This set of probes extends the current set of probes and gives more data on the composition of the human gut flora. Probes were designed for Phascolarctobacterium and relatives (Phasco741), Veillonella (Veil223), Eubacterium hallii and relatives (Ehal1469), Lachnospira and relatives (Lach571), and Eubacterium cylindroides and relatives (Ecyl387), and two probes were designed for Ruminococcus and relatives (Rbro730 and Rfla729). The hybridization conditions for the new probes were optimized for fluorescent in situ hybridization, and the probes were validated against a set of reference organisms. The probes were applied to fecal samples of 11 volunteers to enumerate their target bacterial groups. The Phasco741 and Veil223 probes both detected average numbers below 1% of the total number of bacteria as determined with the bacterial kingdom-specific Bact338 probe. The Ecyl387 probe detected about 1.4%, the Lach571 and Ehal1469 probes detected 3.8 and 3.6%, respectively, and a combination of the Rbro730 and Rfla729 probes detected 10.3%. A set of 15 probes consisting of probes previously described and those presented here were evaluated in hybridization with the fecal samples of the same volunteers. Together, the group-specific probes detected 90% of the total bacterial cells.
A Review of Reagents for Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Compartments and Structures, Part II: Reagents for Non‐Vesicular Organelles

A wide range of fluorescent dyes and reagents exist for labeling organelles in live and fixed cells. Choosing between them can sometimes be confusing, and optimization for many of them can be challenging. Presented here is a discussion on the commercially‐available reagents that have shown the most promise for each organelle of interest, including endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleoli, and nuclei, with an emphasis on localization of these structures for microscopy. Included is a featured reagent for each structure with a recommended protocol, troubleshooting guide, and example image. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 66:12.31. 1‐12.34. 24. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polymorphisms of inflammation‐related genes and colorectal cancer risk: a population‐based case–control study in China

The previous studies found that chronic inflammation related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to explore the associations of polymorphisms in inflammation‐related genes (IL10, IL10RA, IL6R, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, LTA and IL4) and their interactions with the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese population. A population‐based case–control study including 299 cases and 296 controls was conducted from January 2001 to December 2009. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyse the association of nine SNPs in inflammation‐related genes with the risk of CRC, colon cancer and rectal cancer, respectively. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was implemented to explore the gene–gene interactions among all SNPs on CRC. A decreased risk of colorectal cancer in subjects with rs1800872 AC genotype of IL10 (OR = 0.643, 95%CI = 0.453, 0.912) or AC/CC genotype (OR = 0.636, 95%CI = 0.457, 0.885) was observed, compared with those with AA genotype. Meanwhile, similar associations were observed between rs1800872 and rectal cancer. Additionally, in rs1061624 of TNFRSF1B gene, AG genotype (OR=0.566; 95% CI= 0.362, 0.885) and AG/GG genotype (OR=0.638; 95% CI=0.420, 0.971) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of rectal cancer, respectively. Our findings indicated that mutants in IL10 and TNFRSF1B genes may change the CRC risk. However, there is no interaction between inflammation‐related genes on CRC risk.
Good, Bad, or both? Measurement of Physician's Ambivalent Attitudes towards AI

Artificial intelligence is currently one of the most controversial discussed technologies across various work domains. In healthcare, AI fosters widespread positive beliefs of substantially increasing the quality of care, yet evoking physicians’ fears of being marginalized or replaced. The described controversy leads to ambivalent attitudes, as physicians hold both strong positive and negative evaluations at the same time. However, current research in information systems has not been able to measure ambivalence because uni-polar attitude scales cannot assess this construct. Additionally, it is unclear whether ambivalence has positive or negative consequences and how it is related to resistance to change. In the context of AI in healthcare, we conducted a survey study (n=74) to measure context-specific attitudes and attitude ambivalence of physicians. We distinguish between two states of ambivalence and show that physicians who experience an inner conflict (Felt Ambivalence) from conflicting attitudes (Potential Ambivalence) develop resistance to change. Moreover, including ambivalence into a regression model explains more variance than uni-polar attitudes alone. With this research, we show that ambivalent attitudes can be measured in the context of technological change. Additionally, we explore how context-specific attitudes towards AI in healthcare drive physicians’ ambivalence towards it.
Weary of Watching out? - Cause and effect of Security fatigue

Research on IS security behavior regularly identifies individuals’ personal characteristics as the reason why users refrain from adequate safeguarding techniques and ignore recommended security responses. This study aims to extend this body of literature, and sheds light on the concept of security fatigue: hereby, users receive numerous message cues reporting recent security risks and recommending certain response behaviors. However, instead of fostering awareness among individuals, users are too exhausted to follow these security recommendations. This setback may result in a lack of adequate response behavior and personal information systems being vulnerable to future threats. This paper builds on the theory of self-regulation, which is essential for successful risk avoidance behavior, as well as the concept of ego-depletion resulting from a high amount of self-regulatory activities. A measurement instrument for security fatigue is adopted, based on self-regulatory theory. Perceived information overload and locus of control are further tested to determine the level of security fatigue. In two consecutive online surveys, we pre-test the validity of the context adapted scales. Conducting a follow-up study to validate our conceptual research model, we conclude that subjective information overload is the most critical cause of security fatigue and a lack of adequate security behavior.
Studies on synchronously dividing cultures of Euglena gracilis Klebs (strain Z). III. Circadian Components Of Cell Division

Euglena gracilis Klebs (Z) was grown axenically and autotrophically in four‐liter serum bottles at 25°C on an aerated, continuously stirred, inorganic salt medium. Four fluorescent illumination regimes were employed: (1) continuous bright light of 3500 lux (LLb); (2) continuous dim light of 800 lux (LLd); (3) a LbD: 14, 10 (3500 lux) light‐dark cycle; and (4) a LdD: 14, 10 (800 lux) light‐dark cycle. Cell number was automatically monitored throughout all experiments.