Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecology of tropical hermit crabs at Quirimba Island, Mozambique:vertical migration (tree climbing)

The semi-terrestnal hermit crabs Coenobita cavipes and Coenobjta rugosus both undertake vertlcal migrations at Qu inn~ba Island, Mozambique, by tree clunblng in the reglon between High Water Neap tide level and Extreme High Water Spnng tide level Both species occurred in mangrove trees at all states of light dark and tidal cycles although more crabs were present in the study trees at hlgh water than low water The consecutive period of time spent in trees by C cavipes individuals varied between half a tidal cycle ( < 6 h) and 2 complete tidal cycles (24 h) The vertical dlstance climbed vaned between 5 cm and 4 m but C cavipes climbed significantly higher than C rugosus The height climbed by C cavipes was irrespective of whether the t ~ d e actually reached within 10 m of the tree being c h b e d Mean cllmb helght was related to the size of C cavlpes individuals, such that maxima were achieved by those of mid-s~zed mass Shell species used also Influenced the climb height High wind speeds (force 3 to 5 or 12 to 33 km h ') had a nega t~ve Influence on the mean number of h e r m ~ t crabs climbing Species of mangrove tree, degree of shade, number of roots and root ground area were all found to be lnsign~ficant as Influences, but the mean number of hermit crabs per tree increased from 0 43 in those wlth no trunk or branch holes to 5 08 in those with 5 or 6 holes There were marked activity and behavioural differences between h e r m t crabs talung residence In trunWbranch holes and those c h n g ~ n g to branches or leaf bases Shell exchange in tree hole gatherings (where up to 30 individuals were present) as opposed to ground based shell exchange, may have advantages In reducing desiccation (there 1s sometimes additionally a supply of fresh water), reducing the nsk of predation and not reducing feedlng tune
Localizing the VHE γ‐ray source at the Galactic Centre

The inner 10 pc of our Galaxy contains many counterpart candidates of the very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) γ-ray point source HESS J1745−290. Within the point spread function of the H.E. S.S. measurement, at least three objects are capable of accelerating particles to VHE and beyond and of providing the observed γ-ray flux. Previous attempts to address this source confusion were hampered by the fact that the projected distances between these objects were of the order of the error circle radius of the emission centroid (34 arcsec, dominated by the pointing uncertainty of the H.E.S.S. instrument). Here we present H.E. S.S. data of the Galactic Centre region, recorded with an improved control of the instrument pointing compared to H.E. S.S. standard pointing procedures. Stars observed during γ-ray observations by optical guiding cameras mounted on each H.E. S.S. telescope are used for off-line pointing calibration, thereby decreasing the systematic pointing uncertainties from 20 to 6 arcsec per axis. The position of HESS J1745−290 is obtained by fitting a multi-Gaussian profile to the background-subtracted γ-ray count map. A spatial comparison of the best-fitting position of HESS J1745−290 with the position and morphology of candidate counterparts is performed. The position is, within a total error circle radius of 13 arcsec, coincident with the position of the supermassive black hole Sgr A* and the recently discovered pulsar wind nebula candidate G359.95−0.04. It is significantly displaced from the centroid of the supernova remnant Sgr A East, excluding this object with high probability as the dominant source of the VHE γ-ray emission.
Perceptions of How the Presence of Greenway Trails Affects the Value of Proximate Properties

There is a substantial body of literature confirming that natural resource-based parks and open space substantially enhance the value of proximate properties. These findings can appropriately be ex- trapolated to greenway trails in contexts where they are accompanied by extended tranquil views which account for the increases in proximate property values associated with parks and open space. However, in other cases where the greenway trail consists of a fairly narrow urban corridor, enhanced property value associated with the trail is likely to come from access to the linear trail, rather than from views of open space. Nine studies were found that addressed the impact of greenway trails on property values. For the most part, the trails were located in relatively narrow corridors. Eight of them used attitude and opinion surveys of homeowners and other stakeholders, rather than changes in actual prop- erty values, to reach their conclusions. This surrogate approach is more tenuous than measuring actual changes in property values. Further, only one of the studies was reported in a refereed journal, indicating that the studies may not meet acceptable standards of social science. Nevertheless, they represent the best information currently available on this sometimes controversial issue. In the concluding section of the paper, suggestions are given for designing a research program in this area. The consistent pattern emerging from the studies which were re- viewed, and the diversity of milieus in which they were conducted, enables a reasonable level of confidence to be placed in generalizations drawn from them, even with their limitations. Across the studies there was broad consensus that trails have no negative impact on either the saleability of property (easier or more difficult to sell) or its value. There was a belief among some, typically between 20% and 40% of a sample, that there was a positive impact on saleability and value. However, the dominant prevail- ing sentiment was that the presence of a trail had a neutral impact on the saleability or value of property.
Interactions of genotype, housing and dietary calcium in layer performance, eggshell quality and tibia characteristics

The study was designed to evaluate the interactions in performance, eggshell quality and tibia traits of two laying hen genotypes, namely a commercial hybrid, Lohmann (LSL), and a traditional breed, the Czech Hen (CH), housed in conventional cages and on litter, and fed two levels of dietary calcium (Ca) (3.5% vs. 3.0%). A significant interaction between genotype, housing and Ca was determined in egg weight. The heaviest eggs were laid by LSL hens housed in cages and fed 3.0% Ca (61.8 g), and the lightest laid by CH, also in cages on 3.0% Ca (47.3 g). Eggshell strength and shell weight were significantly affected by three-way interaction. Czech hens kept in cages and fed 3.0% Ca produced the strongest shells (4480 g/cm2), whereas the CH in cages on 3.5% Ca had the weakest (3665 g/cm2) shells. Hens housed on litter had significantly stronger tibias than hens housed in cages (485 vs. 397 N). With respect to genotype, tibias were stronger in CH. Housing and level Ca in feed had a significant effect on tibia weight. However, none of these factors affected tibia thickness or ash content. Tibia Ca content was higher in caged birds than in those on litter. The results of the study show that interaction between housing, genotype and Ca resulted in large differences in measurements of egg weight and eggshell quality. Tibia characteristics were less affected by the treatments, and no interactions were evident in the variables.
Preparation, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials (Cellulose, Lignin, and Silica) from Renewable (Lignocellulosic) Resources

Safer ecological/environmental requirements have necessitated the use of renewable bioresources to address the issues of sustainability of the resources. In this perspective, biomass is attractive due to its abundance, renewability, and low cost. However, there are some limitations for industrial uptake of materials derived from biomass for structural and other applications. As the demand for developing functional materials increases, macroto nanosize reduction of materials provides an alternative for varied applications presenting advantages in behavior and functionality. This has triggered development and use of nanomaterials along with the need to find new sources to produce them. While most of nanofibers from lignocellulosic materials refer to nanocellulose (NC), there have also been attempts to obtain nanolignin and nanosilica from wood and similar materials. Surface modification and functionalization of NC from various sources including natural fibers can lead to various nanomorphologies which have potential for application in storage and delivery of drugs and cosmetics. Lignin is the second most abundant natural renewable biopolymer. Recent advances in bioengineering and biotechnology have brought lignin into the limelight as a value-added product in spite of this being mostly regarded as an undesired by-product. Silica with high purity and amorphous nature has many industrial applications. With the progress of nanotechnology and increase in demand, several silicaprocessing industries have started producing nanosilica particles. Accordingly, this chapter presents preparation methods of cellulose, lignin and silica in nanoform, their characterization, and applications.
The Organization of Global Supply Networks

In this contribution, we introduce a network approach for the organization of global production across national borders, beyond the sequential industry-level metrics proposed in the previous literature. First, we show and argue that several characteristics of global production processes would be lost in the analysis when assuming that they could be proxied as linear sequences. Hence, we propose an index that assesses the relevance of any input for the target output, including its role as an input of inputs. Thereafter, we exploit an own-built firm-level dataset of about 20,489 U.S. parent companies integrating more than 154,000 affiliates worldwide. Results show that the technological relevance of an input in a directed supply network is also a good predictor for: i) the probability that an input industry is actually integrated within a firm boundary; ii) the number of affiliates that are controlled by the parent company and active in that input industry.
Evaluation of Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligence in the Relationship between Social Capital and Psychological Capital of Graduate Students

Background and Objective: Spiritual intelligence, social capital, and psychological capital are approaches that help the individual to coordinate with the environment, health and performance improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between social capital and psychological capital of postgraduate students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran in the academic year of 2018-2019. Materials and Methods: This was an applied research in terms of goal and an analytical and correlational study in terms of methodology. In total, 341 postgraduate students were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling and according to the Cochran sampling formula. Data were collected employing spiritual intelligence questionnaire (King), social capital (Gaiani) and psychological capital inventory (Luthans et al.). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 and LISREL using Pearsons correlation coefficient and the structural equation model. Results: In this study, the mean age of the students was 27.42±3.79 years. In addition, the mean social capital was 52.68±11.24 (out of 90), the psychological capital was 88.77±12.79 (out of 120), and the spiritual intelligence was 63.61±11.87 (out of 92). According to the results, the coefficient value of correlation of social capital with psychological capital (r=0.335, P less-than 0.01), social capital with spiritual intelligence (r=0.359, P less-than 0.01), and spiritual intelligence with psychological capital (r=0.585, P less-than 0.01) was positive and significant. Furthermore, the direct effect of social capital on psychological capital (and#946;=0.12, t=2.11), the direct impact of social capital on spiritual intelligence (and#946;=0.42, t=6.78), and direct effect of spiritual intelligence on psychological capital (and#946;=0.64, t=9.25) were positive and significant. The indirect effect of social capital on psychological capital was also significant and positive with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence (and#946;=0.268). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, spiritual intelligence and social capital were positively correlated with the psychological capital of students. Therefore, the psychological capital of students could be improved by focusing on the growth of spiritual intelligence and social support.
EXPANSION VELOCITY INVESTIGATION OF THE ELLIPTICAL PLANETARY NEBULA NGC 6803

Using the spectral data in the 3700 to 10050Å wavelength range secured with the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph (HES) at the Lick observatory, we have investigated the expansion velocities and the physical conditions of the elliptical planetary nebula NGC 6803. Various forbidden and permitted lines, e.g. HI, HeI, HeII, [OIII], [NII], [ArIII], and [SII], indicate complicated but systematic physical conditions variation: electron temperatures T e ∼ 9000 - 11000 K and electron number densities N e ∼ 2000 - 9000 cm -3 . The line profile analysis of these ions also indicates the systematic change or the acceleration of the expansion velocities in the range of 10 - 22 km s -1 . We show that the velocity gradient and physical condition found in various ions are closely related to the prolate ellipsoidal structure of NGC 6803. The expansion velocity and the ionic abundance of O 2+ were derived based on the OII and [OIII] lines. In spite of the discrepancy of ionic abundances derived by the two cases and their line profiles, the expansion velocities of them agree well. We find that the ratios of the red to blue line component of the HeII & OII lines are different from those of the [OIII] or other forbidden lines that indicates a possible involvement of emission of HeII & OII lines. This subtle difference and the different physical condition of the lines are likely to be caused by the elongated geometry and the latitude dependence of the emission zone.
Phonemic Support in Comprehension: Comparisons between Mildly Retarded and Nonretarded Learners.

Three experiments investigated the extent to which children of various intellectual abilities rely on speech-related processes in working memory. Subjects consisted of 16 learners with mental retardation (MRLs) in grades 5-9 and 16 nondisabled learners (NLs) in grades 2-3, matched in word recognition skills. The independent variable within each experiment was the phonemic content of verbal stimuli. In a word memory task, MRLs showed no decrement in performance with phonemically similar word lists, whereas NLs recalled fewer words from lists containing phonemically similar words. In a listening comprehension task, both groups evidenced similar decreases in accuracy when sentences contained phonemically similar words. In a reading comprehension task, although MRLs read more slowly overall, they showed no decrement in reading speed on sentences containing phonemically similar words, whereas NLs tended to read phonemically similar sentences more slowly than normal sentences. Results suggest that ineffective use of phonemic coding in working memory may be contributing to the reading difficulties fo MRLs. (Contains approximately 60 references.) (Author/JDD) *********************************************************************** hepiuuueilons supplied oy zulto are tne best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Response of GA 3 to morphological characteristics of tuberose incorporated with organic manures

The present work was conducted at Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh to study the morphological characteristics of tuberose as influenced by gibberellic acid incorporated with organic manures. The experiment consisted with three levels of organic manure; control, cow dung 30 tha -1 and poultry litter 20 t ha -1 behind with 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm gibberellic acid were tested with three replications. Application of organic manures with GA3 showed significant variations among the parameters. Yield of spike (3,50,000 ha -1 ) and bulb (21.72 t ha -1 ) was recorded in poultry litter @ 20 t ha -1 with 200 ppm GA3 compared to other treatments which was more potential for production of tuberose.
Adjusting The Paradigm: A ‘Theme-Based Approach’ To Pre-Sessional Eap In A British University

Higher education in Britain faces new challenges as the composition of students becomes more diverse in terms of cultural, linguistic and educational backgrounds. In connection, a range of professional issues has arisen: the need to understand better the attitudes, motivations and learning needs of these students and consider their implications for pedagogical practice; and, secondly, the design and delivery of appropriate curricula. This paper argues in favour of theme-based EAP in the context of a pre-sessional course for overseas students at a British university. It provides an outline of an integrated, semester-long programme designed for international students targeting undergraduate study; a summary of relevant contextual factors; and a rationale for the course, along with key aspects of its implementation. We have devised a course that is content focused and holistic in design with an emphasis on preparing students for discipline specific learning and literacy challenges they will encounter in mainstream study. It is a non-EAP core around which we have moulded EAP pre-sessional support. The course has had positive results, in terms of staff and student response.
The Influence of Lime and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Acidity, Growth and Nitrogen Uptake of Corn in Total Reclaimed Potential Acid Sulphate Soil

This study aims to determine the effect of lime and nitrogen fertilizer on soil acidities characters, growth and nitrogen uptake of corn in total reclaimed of potential acid sulphate soil. A pot experiment with a completely randomized design arranged in factorial with three replications was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI) from August 2014 to December 2015. The first factor was the rate of lime as dolomite: (i) 25 t ha-1, and (ii) 37.5 t ha-1. The second factor was the type of nitrogen fertilizer: (a) control (without N), (b) nitrogen 115 kg ha-1, (c) chicken manure 6 t ha-1 (the total N content is 1.98%) and (d) nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 + 3 t ha-1 chicken manure. Urea (N content is 39.76%) was used for fertilization. The observed variables were the soil acidities properties (pH, Electrical conductivity/EC, available-H, available-Al) before, after total reclamation, and at the maximum vegetative stage of corn, plant growth and uptake of shoot nitrogen. The results showed that the process of consecutively aeration-leaching of the potential acid sulphate soils able to increase the soil pH, declining the EC value, as well as availabe bases, available-H, available-Al and the content of pyrite. The application of dolomite increased soil pH, EC, and available-H, while available-Al decreased, its effect was more pronounced in higher rate. Application of dolomite 25 t ha-1 and 37.5 t ha-1 respectively increased soil pH from 3.29 to 4.36 and 4.87, EC from 0.70 mS cm-1 to 1.51 mS cm-1, available-H from 1.30 cmol(+) kg-1 to 2.68 cmol(+) kg-1 and 1.44 cmol(+) kg-1 and decreased available-Al from 14.04 cmol(+) kg-1 to 4.71 cmol(+) kg-1 and 2.66 cmol(+) kg-1. However, these rates was not able to neutralize the existing acidity due to the acidity still being produced out of remaining pyrite which was still in active stages. It was showed increasing pH soil followed by EC. The interaction between the application of dolomite and nitrogen fertilizer is significantly influenced plant height and shoot N uptake. The highest plant height and shoot N uptake were 112 cm and 267.69 mg plant-1 respectively, were obtained in application dolomite 25 t ha-1 combined with nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 plus chicken manure 3 t ha-1. The highest of averages shoot and root dry weight was 20.97 g and 6.40 g respectively which were obtained in the application of nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 + chicken manure 3 t ha-1.
From Hyllestad to Selbu: Norwegian millstone quarrying through 1300 years

‘Industrial-scale’ millstone production in Norway dates back to at least AD 700. Recent detailed mapping in the Hyllestad and Selbu areas has identified extensive quarry landscapes, which together demonstrate the development in ‘industrial scale’ millstone production over a period of 13 centuries. Based on geological characteristics, traces of quarrying techniques and archaeological dating, it is possible to relate different stages within this history to technological development, population change, market demands and other influences from the surrounding society. Production at Hyllestad, which dominated the Norwegian millstone market from the preViking Age, was based on carving of relatively soft but massive garnet-kyanite-muscovite schist directly from the bedrock in shallow quarries, a technique that was essentially similar to Iron Age soapstone extraction. A change to a more centralised and technologically advanced production in larger and deeper quarries occurred in the 12th century, possibly introduced by professional stonemasons connected to the establishment of monasteries and churches. A marked decline in activity at Hyllestad after the High Middle Ages was followed by the rise of millstone production at Selbu in the 16th century, based on wedging of more easily cleavable staurolite-biotite schist. It is likely that this dramatic change in market dominance was influenced by the partial collapse of social and trade structures following the Black Death and recurrent plague outbreaks throughout the late 14th and early 15th centuries, when the millstone trade was practically in ruins due to the small population size and the market was left open for ‘newcomers’ when population and trade recovered in the 16th century. Equally important was the increasing demand for larger and more durable millstones caused by the gradual change from querns to water mills and from farm mills to village mills and commercial trade mills, a demand that could readily be met by the geological conditions that existed in the Selbu area.
A Generalised Boundary Element Method to Analyse Marine Current Turbines Hydrodynamics Including Flow Separation and Stall

A computational model for the hydrodynamic analysis of horizontal axis marine current turbines is presented. The methodology is an original extension of a Boundary Integral Equation Method (BIEM) for inviscid flows to describe the flow features that characterize hydrokinetic turbines. To this purpose, semi-analytical trailing wake and viscous-flow correction models are introduced. A validation study is performed by comparing hydrodynamic performance predictions with experimental data on a model turbine with variable pitch blades. The capability of the proposed methodology to correctly describe turbine thrust and power over a full range of operating conditions is demonstrated. Viscosity effects associated to blade flow separation and stall are predicted and thrust and power are comparable with results of blade element methods that are largely used in the design of marine current turbines.