Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the 45'-oblique a Third Dominant Direction?

Vertical and horizontal are widely accepted as dominant directions or norms of visual orientation in the frontoparallel plane. They are supposed to cause a normalization effect consisting in the apparent rotstion of a tilted straight line towards the nearest dominant direction. The evidence for tilt normalization towards the vertical or horizontal visual meridia is indirect. On the other hand, human observers are very sensitive to departures from the vertical and horizontal, which means that mo,st orientations in the frontoparallel plane are termed tilted rather than vertical or horizontal. By measuring directly the orien-tsiion of dot patterns we found that estimated orientation was systematically biased toward,s the nearest 45'-oblique vi~sual meridian. This iinding is interpreted as evidence for the existence of an oblique norm ill visual tilt. Howard (1) hss extensively reviewed the literature concerning tilt normalization and orientation anisotropies. From this review it follows that, on the one side, vertical and horizontal directions might be con-sid7ered as unique norms in the arientation doma! in while on the other side, cnly stimuli within very restricted ranges around these norms are perceived as vertical or horizontal. The natural classification of the stimuli in the orientation d'omain as vertical, horizontal and oblique suggests the existence of at least two more dominmt directions thqt might
Estimating Extreme Poverty in Greece and the Cost of Eliminating It through a Minimum Guaranteed Income Scheme

The poverty reducing impact of social transfers is weaker in Greece than in the rest of the EU. Institutional aspects of the country’s social protection system (and among them, the absence of a national minimum social safety net) bear much responsibility for this. Interest in the desirability and feasibility of introducing a minimum income scheme in Greece seems to have revived recently. The paper aims to provide answers to key questions about the effects of such a scheme: the extent and depth of extreme poverty in the country, the number of individuals or households likely to be affected by it and its estimated cost. Alternative scenaria about the extent of non-take up by eligible households and leakages to non-eligible ones are also examined. The results of the analysis suggest that the introduction of a minimum income scheme could go a long way towards effectively mending the country’s social safety net, while at the same time greatly contributing to eliminating extreme poverty and reducing inequality. A phased implementation of the scheme would allow careful monitoring of its effects, leading to modifications of its institutional design if needed, while also providing the necessary time to upgrade the administrative capabilities of the authorities charged with the task of its implementation. JEL Classification Numbers: I32, I38 Research on this paper was partly funded by the EU (TSER grant no. SOE2-CT983080 Research Project: Social exclusion and social protection the EU dimension (EXSPO)) Address for correspondence: Panos Tsakloglou, Department of International and European Economic Studies, Athens University of Economics and Business, 76 Patission Str. , Athens 10434 GREECE e-mail: panos@aueb.gr
Conversion from nonstandard to standard measure spaces and applications in probability theory

Let (X, (! , v) be an internal measure space in a denumerably comprehensive enlargement. The set X is a standard measure space when equipped with the smallest standard o'algebra Xi containing the algebra d, where the extended real-valued measure ja on XR is generated by the standard part of v. If f is d-measurable, then its standard part Of is JR-measurable on X. If f and p, are finite, then the -integral of f is infinitely close to the a-integral of Of. Applications include coin tossing and Poisson processes. In particular, there is an elementary proof of the strong Markov property for the stopping time of the jth event and a construction of standard sample functions for Poisson processes.
Kurztitel: LexPar Modular Lexicalization of Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars: Improved German Parsing and Verb- Argument Dependency Modelling

• Untersuchungen am Menschen oder am menschlichen Material 2 ja 2 nein Die erforderliche Zustimmung der zuständigen Ethikkommission liegt dem Antrag zum Teilprojekt in Kopie bei 2 ja 2 nein • klinische Studien 2 ja 2 nein • Tierversuche 2 ja 2 nein • gentechnische Untersuchungen 2 ja 2 nein • Untersuchungen an humanen embryonalen Stammzellen 2 ja 2 nein Die gesetzliche Genehmigung liegt vor 2 ja 2 nein
MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM IN CONTROL ENGINEERING EDUCATION

This paper deals with the magnetic levitation control system of a metallic sphere, which is an interesting and visually impressive equipment for demonstrating many intricate problems. In order to stimulate future research, after short description of the system operation in analogue and digital mode, several open problems in areas of electrical and control engineering are offered. Also, the paper presents some initial outcomes in creating a laboratory environment for remote monitoring of the magnetic levitation equipment.
Effectiveness of dehydration on adaptation to heat

Most advice for heat adaptation is to use long-term (>10 d) regimes, in which hydration status is maintained. We tested the hypothesis that short-term (5-day) heat acclimation would confer substantial improvements in physiological strain and exercise tolerance for exercise in the heat, and fluid regulatory strain provides a thermally-independent stimulus for such adaptations. Ten moderately-fit males were heat acclimated using controlled hyperthermia (rectal temperature 38.5°C) for 90 min on five consecutive days (Ta = 40°C, 60% RH), on two occasions separated by a five-week washout, in a randomly assigned, cross-over design; one with euhydration (EUH) and one with dehydration (DEH) during acclimation bouts. One week before, then on the 2 nd day after each acclimation regime, a heat stress test (HST) was completed, comprising cycling at 40% peak power output for 90 min (Ta = 35°C, 60% RH), before incrementing to exhaustion. Plasma volume (PV) at rest was measured using CO rebreathing. Acclimation exercise-induced response of [aldo]p became more pronounced across DEH ( 178 pg . mL -1 ; 95%CI: 33 to 324) but not EUH ( -47 pg . mL -1 : -209 to 115) and this difference was significant (P=0.02). Compared to EUH, permissive DEH during acclimation bouts conferred larger acclimation-induced increases in resting PV (4.1%: -1.5 to 9.8%; P=0.06), F Q  (4.2: 0.7 to 7.8 ml . min -1. 100 ml -1 ; P=0.009), FVC (0.06: 0.02 to 0.10 ml . 100ml Tissue -1. min -1. mmHg 1 ; P=0.006) and decreased end-exercise c f by 17% (19: -29 to 9 b·min-1; P=0.05). In conclusion, short-term (5-day) heat acclimation was effective with several adaptations more pronounced after fluid-regulatory strain from a dehydration acclimation regime.
A GENERALIZATION OF THE KALMAN RANK CONDITION FOR TIME-DEPENDENT COUPLED LINEAR PARABOLIC SYSTEMS

In this paper we present a generalization of the Kalman rank condition for linear or- dinary differential systems to the case of systems of n coupled parabolic equations (posed in the time interval (0,T) with T > 0) where the coupling matrices A and B depend on the time variable t . To be precise, we will prove that the Kalman rank condition rank(A|B)(t0 )= n, with t0 ∈ (0,T) ,i s as ufficient condition (but not necessary) for obtaining the exact controllability to the trajectories of the considered parabolic system. In the case of analytic matrices A and B (and, in particular, constant matrices), we will see that the Kalman rank condition characterizes the controllability properties of the system. When the matrices A and B are constant and condi- tion rank(A |B )= n holds, we will be able to state a Carleman inequality for the corresponding adjoint problem.
Exponential Screening and optimal rates of sparse estimation

In high-dimensional linear regression, the goal pursued here is to estimate an unknown regression function using linear combinations of a suitable set of covariates. One of the key assumptions for the success of any statistical procedure in this setup is to assume that the linear combination is sparse in some sense, for example, that it involves only few covariates. We consider a general, non necessarily linear, regression with Gaussian noise and study a related question that is to find a linear combination of approximating functions, which is at the same time sparse and has small mean squared error (MSE). We introduce a new estimation procedure, called Exponential Screening that shows remarkable adaptation properties. It adapts to the linear combination that optimally balances MSE and sparsity, whether the latter is measured in terms of the number of non-zero entries in the combination ($\ell_0$ norm) or in terms of the global weight of the combination ($\ell_1$ norm). The power of this adaptation result is illustrated by showing that Exponential Screening solves optimally and simultaneously all the problems of aggregation in Gaussian regression that have been discussed in the literature. Moreover, we show that the performance of the Exponential Screening estimator cannot be improved in a minimax sense, even if the optimal sparsity is known in advance. The theoretical and numerical superiority of Exponential Screening compared to state-of-the-art sparse procedures is also discussed.
Geweld tegen homoseksuele mannen en lesbische vrouwen : Een literatuuronderzoek naar praktijk en bestrijding

In dit literatuuronderzoek staat de volgende ondersvraag centraal: Wat is bekend over homofoob geweld en over de wijzen waarop dit kan worden bestreden? Wat zijn de lacunes in deze kennis? Om deze vragen te beantwoorden is literatuur verzameld die het afgelopen decennium is verschenen in Nederland en de omringende landen.
Pursuit and an evolutionary game

Pursuit is a familiar mechanical activity that humans and animals engage in—athletes chasing balls, predators seeking prey and insects manoeuvring in aerial territorial battles. In this paper, we discuss and compare strategies for pursuit, the occurrence in nature of a strategy known as motion camouflage, and some evolutionary arguments to support claims of prevalence of this strategy, as opposed to alternatives. We discuss feedback laws for a pursuer to realize motion camouflage, as well as two alternative strategies. We then set up a discrete-time evolutionary game to model competition among these strategies. This leads to a dynamics in the probability simplex in three dimensions, which captures the mean-field aspects of the evolutionary game. The analysis of this dynamics as an ascent equation solving a linear programming problem is consistent with observed behaviour in Monte Carlo experiments, and lends support to an evolutionary basis for prevalence of motion camouflage.
Governing under Constraint

The main events of 2015 were undoubtedly international ones. The reactions to the terrorist attacks, mass migrations, economic crisis, and environmental problems may lead the reader to think that Italy has been a “policy-taker” rather than a “policy-maker. ” And yet a careful analysis of the events of the year suggest that the government led by Matteo Renzi engaged in a series of reforms that were deemed necessary in order to remedy some of the long-standing issues that have caused the national debt to skyrocket and Italy to lose credibility and prestige internationally (Calise 2015a; Salvati 2015c). It is obviously possible to hold very different opinions on the content, mode, and potential results of these reforms; however, we must acknowledge that the government, despite a slim and fractious parliamentary majority, has managed to impose its political agenda. This remarkable decisionmaking drive on the domestic front—which some have branded as “announcism” if not outright “populism” (Pasquino 2015; Revelli 2015; Ventura 2015a)—stands in stark contrast with the hiatus that emerged between statements and actions in international matters, a gap that has had negative effects (Carbone 2015; Colombo and Magri 2016). This introduction aims to offer an interpretation that is necessarily provisional, given that the ultimate consequences of many policy decisions will be visible only in the future, not only of the policy measures implemented by the Renzi government during the year 2015, but also of the context within which they were made. In order to provide a
FCCM2008: Titan-R: A Multi-Gigabit Recon gurable Combined Compression/Decompression Unit

Data compression techniques can alleviate bandwidth problems in even multigigabit networks and are especially useful when combined with encryption. This paper demonstrates a reconfigurable hardware compressor/ decompressor core, the Titan-R, which can compress/decompress data streams at 8.5 Gb/sec making it the fastest reconfigurable such device ever proposed; the presented full-duplex implementation allows for fully symmetric compression and decompression rates at 8.5 Gbps each. Its compression algorithm is a variation of the most widely used and efficient such scheme, the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) algorithm that uses part of the previous input stream as the dictionary. In order to support this high network throughput the Titan-R utilizes a very fine-grained pipeline and takes advantages of the high-bandwidth provided by the distributed on-chip RAMs of state-of-the-art FPGAs.
Reconsidering Culture and Poverty the Annals of the American Academy Scholarly Motivations Policy Motivations Moving Forward What Is Culture?

C ulture is back on the poverty research agenda. Over the past decade, sociologists, demographers, and even economists have begun asking questions about the role of culture in many aspects of poverty and even explicitly explaining the behavior of the low-income population in reference to cultural factors. An example is Prudence Carter (2005), who, based on interviews with poor minority students, argues that whether poor children will work hard at school depends in part on their cultural beliefs about the differences between minorities and the majority. Annette Lareau (2003), after studying poor, working-class, and middle-class families, argues that poor children may do worse over their lifetimes in part because their parents are more committed to " natural growth " than " concerted cultivation " as their cultural model for child rearing. Mario Small (2004), based on fieldwork in a Boston housing complex , argues that poor people may be reluctant to participate in beneficial community activities in part because of how they culturally perceive their neighborhoods. David Harding (2007, 2010), using survey and qualitative interview data on adolescents, argues that the sexual behavior of poor teenagers depends in part on the extent of cultural heterogeneity in their neighborhoods. Economists George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton (2002), relying on the work of other scholars, argue that whether students invest in schooling depends in part on their cultural identity, wherein payoffs will differ among " jocks, " " nerds, " and " burnouts. " And William Julius Wilson, in his latest book (2009a), argues that culture helps explain how poor African Americans respond to the structural conditions they experience. These and other scholars have begun to explore a long-abandoned topic. The last generation of scholarship on the poverty-culture relationship was primarily identified, for better or worse, with the " culture of poverty " model of INTRODUCTION 7 Oscar Lewis (1966) and the report on the Negro family by Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1965). Lewis argued that sustained poverty generated a set of cultural attitudes, beliefs, values, and practices, and that this culture of poverty would tend to perpetuate itself over time, even if the structural conditions that originally gave rise to it were to change. Moynihan argued that the black family was caught in a tangle of pathologies that resulted from the cumulative effects of slavery and the subsequent structural poverty that characterized the experience of many African Americans (see also Banfield 1970). The …
Some steady axisymmetric vortex flows past a sphere

Steady, inviscid, axisymmetric vortex flows past a sphere are obtained numerically as solutions of a partial differential equation for the stream function. The solutions found include vortex rings, bounded vortices attached to the sphere and infinite vortex tubes. Four families of attached vortices are described: vortex wakes behind the sphere, spherically annular vortices surrounding the spherical obstacle (which can be given analytically), bands of vorticity around the sphere and symmetric pairs of vortices fore and aft of the sphere. Each attached vortex leads to a one-parameter family of vortex rings, analogous to the connection between Hill's spherical vortex and the vortex rings of Norbury.
HELP, I NEED SOMEBODY: AUTOMATIC ACTION AND INACTION

The goal of behavioral control is of central importance in everyday life. When the production of an unwanted action can have deleterious consequences for perceivers, there is considerable virtue in the possession of a mental system that edits its behavioral products to meet the demands of a challenging world. Accordingly, in an attempt to extend existing work on this topic (e.g., Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996), in the present research we investigated the extent to which the automatic elicitation of action may be moderated by features of the task environment and perceivers' goal states. Our findings were unequivocal. When inhibitory cues were present in the environment (i.e., Experiment 1), or perceivers had a competing goal in mind (i.e., Experiment 2), automatic behavioral priming effects were eliminated. We consider the implications of our findings for recent treatments of behavioral priming and action control.
Profile of Acyanotic Congenital Heart Defects

Background: Acyanotic CHD constitute majority of heart defect with significant morbidity, Profile of various defects is essential for identifying children who need urgent intervention and who need to be medically followed. Methods: The study was carried out in Department of Pediatrics and Center of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh. All patients referred with complaints or clinical examination suggestive of congenital heart defects were further evaluated with echocardiography. On echocardiography patients having congenital heart defects were included as cases which were further divided into cyanotic and acyanotic heart defects, preterms having PDA and PFO and those with acquired heart defects were excluded. The profile and mode of presentation of various acyanotic CHDs was further described in detail. Results: Acyanotic heart defects were 290(72.50%) of the total heart defects, while the contribution of cyanotic heart defects was 110 (27.50%). Out of all CHDs, VSD was the most common lesion with contribution of 152 (38.00%) cases, followed by ASD (20.34%) , PDA (13.10%), PS (6.90%), Subaortic Membrane (2.00%), AV Canal valve defect (1.00%), RSOV (1.00%), Bicuspid Aortic Valve (1.00%), PAPVC (0.66%), Cortriatriatum (0.33%), Coarctation of Aorta(0.33%), ALCAPA(0.33%) and Aortic stenosis (0.33%). Age of presentation for most of the children was between 1 to 5 years. Conclusions: The profile and mode of presentation of various acyanotic heart defects was similar to other studies but diagnosis was delayed in majority of cases. The prevelance of various obstructive lesions like AS, coarctation and bicuspid aortic valve was much lower.
Developing Web-Assisted Learning Modules in Vector Dynamics

Online learning tools were developed by the authors at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona in an effort to improve student outcomes in a Vector Dynamics course. These tools include (1) a series of narrated video tutorials that show students step-by-step how to solve typical dynamics problems and (2) simulations of typical dynamics scenarios. The video tutorials were created using Camtasia Studio and the simulations were created using Working Model 2D. The impact of the learning tools on student outcomes were evaluated by comparing student performance in a web-assisted version of Vector Dynamics that included the learning tools to student performance in a regular version of the course that lacked the learning tools. Although results were inconclusive, the web-assisted section demonstrated minor improvement during the second half of the course. Additionally, students in the web-assisted section who did not view all the video tutorials performed worse than students who viewed all the video tutorials at least once.
Botulinum Toxins: Cosmetic and Clinical Applications

Now a mainstay of cosmetic dermatologic practice, the range of available toxins and their varied applications has grown considerably in recent years requiring the practitioner to carefully consider what approach best suits the needs of their patient. This new book, written by international expert authors, provides guidance to help you refine your technique, add new procedures to your practice, and provide optimal results.
FACTEURS Q-SIMPLES DE Jo(N) DE GRANDE DIMENSION ET DE GRAND RANG

RÉSUMÉ. — Par améliorations de méthodes dues à J.-P. Serre, nous donnons des bornes inférieures de la plus grande dimension des facteurs simples de Jo(N) soumis à des conditions de rang (ces conditions étant : rang nul ou rang égal à la dimension). ABSTRACT. —Q-SIMPLE FACTORS 0F Jo(N) WITH GREAT DIMENSION AND GREAT RANK. By improvements of J.-P. Serre's methods, we prove lower bounds of thé largest dimension of simple abelian subvarieties of Jo(N), with or without conditions on thé algebraic rank (thèse conditions are: either rankX = 0 or rankX = dimX).
Semidirect products and reduction in mechanics

This paper shows how to reduce a Hamiltonian system on the cotangent bundle of a Lie group to a Hamiltonian system in the dual of the Lie algebra of a semidirect product. The procedure simplifies, unifies, and extends work of Greene, Guillemin, Holm, Holmes, Kupershmidt, Marsden, Morrison, Ratiu, Sternberg and others. The heavy top, compressible fluids, magnetohydrodynamics, elasticity, the Maxwell-Vlasov equations and multifluid plasmas are presented as examples. Starting with Lagrangian variables, our method explains in a direct way why semidirect products occur so frequently in examples. It also provides a framework for the systematic introduction of Clebsch, or canonical, variables
Modeling Referential Choice in Discourse: A Cognitive Calculative Approach and a Neural Network Approach

In this paper, we discuss referential choice – the process of referential device selection made by the speaker in the course of discourse production. We aim at explaining the actual referential choices attested in the discourse sample. Two alternative models of referential choice are discussed. The first approach of Kibrik (1996, 1999, 2000) is the cognitive calculative approach. It suggests that referential choice depends on the referent’s current activation score in the speaker’s working memory. The activation score can be calculated as a sum of numeric contributions of individual activation factors, such as distance to the antecedent, protagonisthood, and the like. Thus, a predictive dependency between the activation factors and referential choice is proposed in this approach. This approach is cognitively motivated and allows one to offer generalization about the cognitive system of working memory. The calculative approach, however, cannot address non-linear interdependencies between different factors. For this reason we developed a mathematically more sophisticated neural network approach to the same set of data. We trained feed-forward networks on the data. They classified up to all but 4 instances correctly with respect to the actual referential choice. A pruning procedure allowed to produce a minimal network and revealed that out of ten input factors five were sufficient to predict the data almost correctly, and that the logical structure of the remaining factors can be simplified. This is a pilot study necessary for the preparation of a larger neural network-based study.