Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Relations Between Temperament and Parenting Predicting Preschool-Age Children’s Adjustment

Bidirectional associations between child temperament (fear, frustration, positive affect, effortful control) and parenting behaviors (warmth, negativity, limit setting, scaffolding, responsiveness) were examined as predictors of preschool-age children’s adjustment problems and social competence. Participants were a community sample of children (N = 306; 50% female, 64% European American) and their mothers. Observational measures of child temperament and parenting were obtained using laboratory tasks at two time points (children’s ages 36 and 54 months). Teacher-reported adjustment measures were collected at the first and third time points (children’s ages 36 and 63 months). Cross-lagged analyses were performed to examine whether child temperament and parenting predict changes in one another, whether they each contribute independently to children’s adjustment, and whether these transactional relations account for adjustment outcomes. Maternal negativity at 36 months predicted increases in child frustration at 54 months. Maternal negativity and child effortful control predicted decreases in each other from 36 to 54 months. Maternal warmth predicted increases in child effortful control over time. Child frustration, child effortful control, maternal warmth, and maternal negativity at 54 months each independently predicted child adjustment problems at 63 months, controlling for problems at 36 months. Child executive control at 54 months predicted increases in child social competence at 63 months. The findings suggest that temperament and parenting have independent and additive effects on preschool-age child adjustment, with some support for a bidirectional relation.
Charges, Costs and Market Power: the Deregulated UK Electricity Retail Market

The residential UK electricity market was opened for the first time in 1999, introducing choice of supplier, and about 40 percent of households changed supplier in the first four years. After three years price caps were removed. We review this process and assess the competitiveness of the market by examining how the charges levied by suppliers depend on cost and demand factors for three different payment methods and consumption levels. We also identify signs of additional market power of incumbency and the effect of levying a tariff with no fixed charge. We find that both cost and demand factors affect charges, and the relationship varies for different payment methods and consumption levels; and that tariffs with no fixed element have different effects for different payment methods. We also conclude that considerable market power seems to remain with potentially adverse distributional effects.
Complementary proteomics methods identify novel components localizing asymmetrically to centrosomes

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Parental Knowledge of Healthy Sleep in Young Children: Results of a Primary Care Clinic Survey

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among parental knowledge and beliefs about healthy sleep, sleep practices, and insufficient sleep in a pediatric primary care clinic sample. Methods: A convenience sample of caregivers of patients between 3 months and 12 years attending a hospital-based pediatric primary care clinic in an academic center completed a brief survey on (1) child sleep habits, (2) basic sleep knowledge, and (3) beliefs and attitudes regarding sleep as a health behavior. Results: Of the 184 analyzable surveys (response rate 72%; mean age of index child 4.0 ± 3.2 years), 42% of children did not have a consistent bedtime, 43% had a bedtime later than 9 pm, 76% had a television in the bedroom, 69% frequently fell asleep with an adult present, and 18% had daily caffeine intake. Although 76% of parents underestimated their child's sleep needs compared to recommended amounts, just 8% reported that their child was not getting adequate sleep. More than half of parents believed that inadequate sleep increases the risk of being underweight and endorsed snoring as a sign of healthy sleep. An increased level of sleep knowledge was associated with a number of positive sleep practices and inversely correlated with sleep duration. Conclusion: The results of this study document the need for increased targeted caregiver education regarding healthy sleep practices, the importance of adequate sleep, the impact of insufficient sleep on health, and recognition of potential signs of sleep problems in young children, especially in high-risk populations.
Time domain travelling wave model for simulation of passive mode locking in semiconductor quantum dot lasers

We implemented a new finite difference time domain travelling wave (TDTW) model [1] for Quantum Dot (QD) lasers able to treat both the QD ground states (GSs) and excited states (ESs) contributions to the gain and refractive index change and to properly describe the carrier dynamics in the saturable absorber section as a function of the applied reverse bias. The response of the QDs to the electromagnetic field is implemented in time domain as a numerical filter applied at each time step in each longitudinal slice of the cavity. A small set of rate equations modelling carrier dynamics in the GS, ES, wetting layer (WL) and SCH is considered.
Ab initio chemical potentials of solid and liquid solutions and the chemistry of the Earth's core

A general set of methods is presented for calculating chemical potentials in solid and liquid mixtures using ab initio techniques based on density functional theory (DFT). The methods are designed to give an ab initio approach to treating chemical equilibrium between coexisting solid and liquid solutions, and particularly the partitioning ratios of solutes between such solutions. For the liquid phase, the methods are based on the general technique of thermodynamic integration, applied to calculate the change of free energy associated with the continuous interconversion of solvent and solute atoms, the required thermal averages being computed by DFT molecular dynamics simulation. For the solid phase, free energies and hence chemical potentials are obtained using DFT calculation of vibrational frequencies of systems containing substitutional solute atoms, with anharmonic contributions calculated, where needed, by thermodynamic integration. The practical use of the methods is illustrated by applying them to .
Subcellular Specialization and Organelle Behavior in Germ Cells

Gametes, eggs and sperm, are the highly specialized cell types on which the development of new life solely depends. Although all cells share essential organelles, such as the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), Golgi, mitochondria, and centrosomes, germ cells display unique regulation and behavior of organelles during gametogenesis. These germ cell-specific functions of organelles serve critical roles in successful gamete production. In this chapter, I will review the behaviors and roles of organelles during germ cell differentiation.
Shady Practice: Gender and the Political Ecology of Resource Stabilization in Gambian Garden/Orchards

AbstractAn increasing ecological awareness and greater efforts on a global scale to reverse processes of environmental degradation give rise to new forms of social and economic conflict—a “politics of resource stabilization”—which political ecology theorists have yet to fully explore. Blaikie and Brookfield (1987) argue that the long-term payback period of capital-intensive and natural reclamation processes may potentially lead resource “managers” to adopt coercive labor mobilization tactics or seek out opportunities to capture inequitable subsidies in achieving stabilization goals. Both of these tendencies express themselves quite clearly in a lucrative horticultural production district on the North Bank of the River Gambia in West Africa.Two decades of drought, since the early 1970s, have prompted hundreds of women's groups in The Gambia to intensify fruit and vegetable production in low-lying communal garden projects. In an attempt at promoting environmental stabilization through tree planting, develop.
Endogenous Hot Spots of De Novo Telomere Addition in the Yeast Genome Contain Proximal Enhancers That Bind Cdc13

ABSTRACT DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a threat to genome stability and are repaired through multiple mechanisms. Rarely, telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomeres, acts upon a DSB in a mutagenic process termed telomere healing. The probability of telomere addition is increased at specific genomic sequences termed sites of repair-associated telomere addition (SiRTAs). By monitoring repair of an induced DSB, we show that SiRTAs on chromosomes V and IX share a bipartite structure in which a core sequence (Core) is directly targeted by telomerase, while a proximal sequence (Stim) enhances the probability of de novo telomere formation. The Stim and Core sequences are sufficient to confer a high frequency of telomere addition to an ectopic site. Cdc13, a single-stranded DNA binding protein that recruits telomerase to endogenous telomeres, is known to stimulate de novo telomere addition when artificially recruited to an induced DSB. Here we show that the ability of the Stim sequence to enhance de novo telomere addition correlates with its ability to bind Cdc13, indicating that natural sites at which telomere addition occurs at high frequency require binding by Cdc13 to a sequence 20 to 100 bp internal from the site at which telomerase acts to initiate de novo telomere addition.
Attitudes of British Isles nephrologists towards dialysis modality selection: a questionnaire study.

BACKGROUND Dialysis demographics are changing around the world. Within the UK a striking decrease in the overall use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been noted. We set out to determine the opinions and attitudes of British Isles nephrologists about dialysis modality decisions and optimal dialysis system design. METHODS A survey questionnaire was mailed to a random selection of members of the Renal Association of Great Britain and Ireland. RESULTS A 63% response rate was achieved. Decisions about dialysis modality were based mostly on patient preference (mean score 4.4 on a scale of 1-5), quality of life data (mean score 3.8), and morbidity and mortality data (mean scores for both 3.6). The least important factors when choosing the modality of dialysis care were the treatment costs to either the patient or the health care system. Respondents felt that both PD and hospital-based haemodialysis (HD) were over-utilized in today's practice. They suggested that an 'ideal dialysis system' (based on patient survival, wellness, and quality of life) should have 27% of patients dialysed using hospital-based HD, 24% in a satellite unit, 11% dialysed using home HD, and 38% on some form of PD (19, 16, and 3% for CAPD, automated PD and intermittent PD, respectively). Few differences were identified between an ideal system which optimized patient survival, wellness, and quality of life, compared with one which optimized cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSION This survey suggests that most nephrologists in the British Isles feel that hospital-based HD and CAPD are being currently overused, and that future dialysis planning should include a higher proportion of patients on satellite dialysis, home HD, and automated PD to optimize both dialysis cost-effectiveness and patient outcomes.
Using Trademarks to Measure Innovation in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services

We present an empirical approach to measuring service innovation on the company level through the analysis of trademarks. Prior empirical investigations in several industries have shown that a trademark may be used as an innovation indicator. This article explores the use and relevance of trademarks by conducting a survey in the knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) industries with 278 participating companies. Our survey results explain the use of trademarks as a way to protect innovation and intellectual property for KIBS. In sum, we show that trademarks can be described as adequate and useful indicators to measure new service innovations in the KIBS industries. Additionally, we show that trademarks have the potential to overcome weaknesses of traditional measurement concepts towards KIBS innovation and might make special surveys redundant in the future. Branding the innovation can potentially help make the innovation visible, communicate its features, and provide credibility and substance to the perceived innovativeness of the organizational brand.
Error-Annotated Corpus of Latvian

This paper reports on the development of the annotated Latvian language error corpus designed for grammar checker development and evaluation. We describe the error classification system introduced for this purpose, the annotation process, and guidelines. Two corpora (the corpus of student papers and the balanced text corpus) consisting of a total of 20,877 sentences have been created and annotated. A general characterisation of the corpora and a summary of the annotation results are presented.
Interaction of skeletal muscle cells with collagen type IV is mediated by perlecan associated with the cell surface

We have previously shown that the expression of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan localized on the myoblast surface, is down‐regulated during terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts (Larraín et al. [1997] Exp. Cell Res. 234:405–412). In this study, we have evaluated the biochemical characteristics of perlecan, its association with the myoblast surface, and its involvement in C2C12 myoblast adhesion to different substrates. Perlecan associated with myoblasts was solubilized by Triton X‐100, whereas heparin, high salt, and RGD peptides were unable to solubilize perlecan. Pre‐incubation of myoblasts with [35S]‐Na2SO4, followed by solubilization with Triton X‐100 and immunoprecipitation with antibodies against murine perlecan, demonstrated that this proteoglycan present on the cell surface has a heterogeneous size profile with a Kav value of 0.45, determined by Sepharose CL‐4B chromatography. Myoblasts were found to adhere with decreasing affinities to collagen type IV, type I, laminin, fibronectin, perlecan, and matrigel. We found that cell adhesion to collagen type IV was inhibited by blocking this substrate with exogenous perlecan prior to cell plating, whereas no effect was observed for laminin. Furthermore, adhesion of myoblasts to collagen type IV was inhibited by the perlecan core protein obtained by treatment of perlecan with heparitinase, as well as by pre‐incubation of the cells with antibodies against murine perlecan. These data support the idea that skeletal muscle cells interact with collagen type IV through the perlecan core protein present on the surface of undifferentiated myoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 75:665–674, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two Kinds of Framework Al Sites Studied in BEA Zeolite by X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, NMR Techniques, and V Probe

The dealumination of BEA zeolite by treatment with concentrated nitric acid is evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two-dimensional 27Al 3Q and 5Q magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR allow the detection of two kinds of tetrahedral Al atoms whose relative amounts depend on the Si/Al ratio and which correspond to two specific T-sites. 29Si MAS NMR and 1H MAS NMR measurements confirm these results. 29Si MAS NMR spectra evidence two resonances at around −114 and −111 ppm ascribed to Si sites of the Si(OSi)4 environment of two different crystallographic sites. Moreover, the presence of Si atoms associated with hydroxyl groups is confirmed by a resonance at −102 ppm when 1H−29Si CP is applied. The Bronsted and Lewis acidic sites in dealuminated BEA zeolites are evidenced by FTIR spectra of adsorbed pyridine which show two kinds of bridging hydroxyl groups (Si−O(H)−Al) of different acid strength. 51V MAS NMR confirms the incorporation of vanadium atoms into vacant T.
Molecular pathogenesis and clinical variability of β‐thalassemia syndromes among Indians

Sixty‐four homozygous β‐thalassemia patients comprising 40 patients with β‐thalassemia major and 24 patients with β‐thalassemia intermedia were investigated for the nature of their β‐thalassemia mutations, associated α‐thalassemia, and XmnI polymorphism in the gamma gene which are known to affect the clinical course of the disease. This study was undertaken to look for the contribution of these associated factors in reducing the clinical severity of homozygous β‐thalassemia from a severe disease to a β‐thalassemia intermedia phenotype. Clinical severity of these patients was assessed by the degree of transfusion dependency and the age at which the patient presented with symptoms. Globin chain synthetic ratio was taken as the biochemical pointer of severity of the disease. Eleven different β‐thalassemia mutations were encountered among 128 β‐thalassemia chromosomes. It was observed that the nature of the β‐thalassemia mutations was not very different between the β‐thalassemia major and β‐thalassemia intermedia groups in our patients, but co‐inheritance of one or more α‐globin gene deletions (−α3.7) and the presence of the XmnI polymorphism were associated with lesser severity of the disease in Indians. Am. J. Hematol. 68:75–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transformational Leadership and Innovation : A Moderated Mediation Model

We tested a moderated mediation model of transformational leadership and employees’ innovation using a sample of 240 matched middle-managerfront-line supervisor dyads from four joint-venture companies in China. Using Edward and Lambert’s (2007) approach, the results show that transformational leadership was positively related to both employees’ creativity (idea generation) and implementation (idea implementation). Creative personality moderated the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment. Furthermore, psychological empowerment was found to mediate the relationships between transformational leadership and performance outcomes, and also mediated the interactive effect between transformational leadership and creative personality on employees’ implementation.
Quality Toolbox: Clinical Pathways Can Improve Core Measure Scores

Abstract: Clinical pathways (CPs) are decision‐making tools designed to improve the quality of patient care processes and reduce costs. We conducted a retrospective analysis to determine whether multidisciplinary CPs had improved core measure scores. Comparative data to document secular trends were obtained from 45 Maryland hospitals. There were 6,013 discharges with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), congestive heart failure (CHF), or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for the 3‐year data collection period ending in 9/30/05. The 72.5% of cases in which CPs were employed to manage CAP, CHF, or AMI were significantly more likely to meet the Appropriate Care Measure (ACM) standards than the 26% that did not (81% vs 67.8%, p<.001). Scores for all 10 ACM components for CP‐managed patients were better than Maryland state averages. Improvements were stable over a 3‐year period of time.
Customers’ Socio-economic Characteristics and the Perception of Service Quality of Bahraini Commercial Banks

This study aims: to apply the SERVQUAL instrument to evaluate the service quality of commercial banks of Bahrain, and to investigate the relationship between customers’ socio- demographic characteristics and the overall service quality and its dimensions. Based on a questionnaire survey of 195 customers, the results indicate that SERVPERF scale explains more of the variance in service quality than SERVQUAL scale. Three – factor solutions were produced, the first factor includes: reliability, responsiveness and assurance dimensions, which have the largest influence on the overall service quality. In addition, no significant relationships were found between customer’s socio- demographic characteristics and the overall service quality. However, significant differences were observed in the perceptions of customers’ nationality and duration of experience groups and the reliability and empathy dimensions.
MicroRNA-221-3p Plays an Oncogenic Role in Gastric Carcinoma by Inhibiting PTEN Expression

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in men, and microRNA plays a critical role in regulating the signaling networks of gastric carcinoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. We first report the functional characteristics of miR-221-3p in gastric carcinoma. Quantification in gastric carcinoma cell lines and tumor samples reveals significantly increasing miR-221-3p expression. Moreover, a high level of miR-221-3p is correlated with a poor prognosis for gastric carcinoma patients. Ectopic miR-221-3p expression significantly promotes gastric carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and sphere formation, while silencing miR-221-3p significantly inhibits these abilities in gastric carcinoma cells. Tests in vivo showed that miR-221-3p significantly promotes tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. In this study, we reveal that miR-221-3p targets PTEN mRNA and downregulates PTEN, which is the possible mechanism of miR-221-3p-induced oncogenic properties. Collectively, we reveal a critical role for miR-221-3p in gastric carcinoma development and progression.
Early Repair of Sternal Instability Prevents Mediastinitis

Background: Discharge due to superficial wound infection and sternal dehiscence are the common complications of median sternotomy. This condition leads to mediastinitis. Mediastinitis is a serious condition which increases morbidity, mortality and hospital costs. The correct time for surgical treatment is contraversial in cases who have sternal dehiscence and discharge due to superficial infection. In this study, patients received sternal stabilization as soon as a diagnosis was made and monitored for the development of mediastinitis. Methods: Among the 1440 patients who had undergone elective CABG, a total of 85 patients who developed sternal dehiscence and superficial wound discharge were included in this study. These patients were re-operated on as soon as diagnosed and early sternal stabilization was provided. Results: The ratio of overall dehiscence was 5.9%. Mediastinitis developed in only 2 of the 85 patients. These patients were treated with VAC (Vacuum Assisted Closure) therapy. The ratio of overall mediastinitis was 0.13. Mediastinitis-related mortality was not detected. Conclusion: The ratio of mediastinitis decreases when patients who have discharge due to sternal dehiscence and superficial wound infection are immediately reviewed without waiting for the results of conventional methods such as antibiotic treatment and chest binder support.
Transformational Learning in Botswana: How Culture Shapes the Process

Transformational learning as presented by Jack Mezirow has been critiqued for its Western, rational, and cognitive orientation. This qualitative study was conducted in the African nation of Botswana and examines how that culture shaped the process. In-depth interviews were held with 12 adults who acknowledged having an experience that had profoundly changed their view of themselves and/or their perspectives on the world. Spirituality and the metaphysical world, community responsibilities and relationships, and gender roles are 3 culturally specific factors embedded in how participants constructed the meaning of their experience; these factors are also evident in their changed perspective.