Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gaze pursuit and arm control of adolescent males diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls: evidence of a dissociation in processing visual information of short and long duration

Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of line of gaze, arm and ball was used to describe the visual and motor behaviour of male adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ADHD participants were tested when both on (ADHD-On) and off (ADHD-Off) their medication and compared to age-matched normal controls in a modified table tennis task that required tracking the ball and hitting to cued right and left targets. Long-duration information was provided by a pre-cue, in which the target was illuminated approximately 2 s before the serve, and short-duration information by an early-cue illuminated about 350 ms after the serve, leaving ~500 ms to select the target and perform the action. The ADHD groups differed significantly from the control group in both the pre-cue and early-cue conditions in being less accurate, in having a later onset and duration of pursuit tracking, and a higher frequency of gaze on and off the ball. The use of medication significantly reduced the gaze frequency of the ADHD participants, but surprisingly this did not lead to an increase in pursuit tracking, suggesting a barrier was reached beyond which ball flight information could not be processed. The control and ADHD groups did not differ in arm movement onset, duration and velocity in the short-duration early-cue condition; in the long-duration pre-cue condition, however, the ADHD group's movement time onset and arm velocity differed significantly from controls. The results show that the ADHD groups were able to process short-duration information without experiencing adverse effects on their motor behaviour; however, long-duration information contributed to irregular movement control.
Enhancing Students' Self-Efficacy in Making Positive Career Decisions.

Field Project A is an elective course in the Bachelor of Exercise Science program at Griffith University and includes elements of both career development learning and work-integrated learning. This paper aims to determine the effects of the learning activities and assessment items developed for the course on students’ self-efficacy in making positive career decisions. Prior to commencing a work experience placement, workshops were conducted based on the SOAR model (Kumar, 2007), including activities related to the development of the first three phases of the model selfawareness, opportunity awareness and aspirations. The career decision self-efficacy scale (CDSS) and a questionnaire were administered prior to and on completion of the course. Comparison of scores demonstrated significant differences in relation to students’ confidence in self-appraisal, occupational information, goal selection, planning and problemsolving. Students perceived the course increased their awareness of personal strengths and weaknesses related to employability and their knowledge of specific occupations. (Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 2015, 16(4), 291300)
Interactions Between Uronic Acids and Chromium(III)

Laboratory ion‐exchange experiments were performed to investigate the complexation behavior of Cr(III) with uronic acids, such as galacturonic, glucuronic, and alginic acid (main constituents of bacterial exopolymeric substances). The experimental data were analyzed with a chemical equilibrium model in FITEQL to determine the reaction stoichiometries and stability constants for the formation of Cr‐ligand complexes. Analysis of ion‐exchange data with a chemical model indicates that the accurate description of Cr(III) complexation with both glucuronic and galacturonic acids requires postulation of a mixture of 1:1/1:2 complexes between Cr(III) and ligands under the experimental conditions studied (e.g., pH 4), but that the Cr‐alginic acid binding can be modeled based on a reaction stoichiometry of 1:1 Cr‐alginic acid complexes. Because of the complex nature of alginic acid, a nonelectrostatic, discrete ligand approach was used to determine proton and Cr binding with the functional groups of alginic acid. In this approach, alginic acid was conceptualized as being composed of a suite of two monoprotic acids (HL1 and HL2) with arbitrarily assigned pKa values of two and four, respectively. The results indicate that Cr binding with uronic acids mainly occurs through carboxylic groups under acidic to slightly alkaline pH conditions (e.g., pH < 8). The overall results of the present study indicate that the formation of such Cr‐ligand complexes may have a pronounced effect on Cr(III) transport, solubility and bioavailability in natural systems.
Explanations Versus Applications

People hold beliefs that vary not only in their perceived truth, but also in their value to the believer— their meaning, relevance, and importance. We argue that a belief's value is determined, at least in part, by its explanatory power. Highly valuable beliefs are those that can uniquely explain and organize a diverse set of observations. Less valuable beliefs, in contrast, are those that can be explained by other observations, or that explain and organize few observations. The results of three experiments are consistent with these hypotheses. These experiments demonstrate that applying either scientific or religious beliefs to explain other observations increases the perceived value of those beliefs, whereas generating explanations for the existence of beliefs decreases their perceived value. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for people's resistance to explaining their own beliefs, for the perceived value of science and religion, and for culture wars between people holding opposing beliefs.
Assessing response of myeloma bone disease with diffusion-weighted MRI.

OBJECTIVES To measure apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in patients with active myeloma and remission and to determine whether changes differ in those responding/progressing on treatment. The relationship between changes in marrow fat and ADC was also explored. METHODS 20 patients were recruited. T(1 )weighted, T(2) weighted, short tau inversion-recovery, diffusion-weighted and two-point Dixon MRI of the lumbar spine and pelvis were performed at baseline, 4-6 weeks and 20 weeks. RESULTS ADC values of active disease (mean 761.2 ± 255×10(-6) mm(2) s(-1)) were significantly higher (p=0.047) than marrow in remission (mean 601.8 ± 459×10(-6) mm(2) s(-1)). Changes in ADC in responders showed a significant increase at 4-6 weeks (p=0.005) but no significant change between baseline and 20 weeks (p=0.733). ADCs in progressing and stable patients did not change significantly between either time point. Pearson's correlation coefficient between change in fat fraction and change in the number of pixels with an ADC of ≤655×10(-6) mm(2) s(-1) was 0.924, indicating a significant correlation (p<0.001). CONCLUSION ADC values in active myeloma are significantly higher than marrow in remission, indicating the potential for diffusion-weighted MRI to quantify the transition from active disease to remission and vice versa. This study confirms significant changes in ADC in patients responding to treatment and indirect evidence from two-point Dixon MRI suggests that these changes are influenced by changes in marrow fat. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE ADC of active myeloma is significantly higher than marrow in remission; the direction of ADC changes on treatment is dependent on the timing of measurements and is influenced by changes in marrow fat.
Remarks on statistical and $I$-convergence of series

In this paper we investigate the relationship between the statistical (or generally $I$-convergence) of a series and the usual convergence of its subseries. We also give a counterexample which shows that Theorem 1 of the paper by B. C. Tripathy “On statistically convergent series”, Punjab. Univ. J. Math. 32 (1999), 1–8, is not correct.
The Role of Firm Size and Firm Age in Employment Growth: Evidence for Slovenia, 1996-2013

Using a nonparametric regression approach, this paper examines the role of firm size and firm age in net employment growth and the differential response of firms to the business cycle. An inverse univariate relationship between firm size and net employment growth disappears after controlling for firm age. With age control, the relationship between net employment growth and firm size is positive but diminishes with firm size. Young firms exhibit higher job creation and destruction rates and higher net employment growth rates than mature firms. Small and young firms are more sensitive with regard to net employment growth to the cyclical downturn than large and old firms.
Novel Bacterial Phylotypes in Endodontic Infections

Although molecular studies have revealed potential oral pathogens among the phyla Spirochaetes and Deferribacteres, their occurrence in endodontic infections has not been consistently investigated. In this study, we devised a nested PCR-DGGE approach to survey samples from infected root canals for the presence of members of these two phyla, and to examine their diversity. The primers used also amplified DNA from Atopobium species. Eight of 10 cases showed bands representative of the target bacterial groups. DGGE profiles revealed a mean number of 6.5 intense and faint bands. No single band occurred in all profiles. Sequences from intense bands excised from the gel showed similarities to species/phylotypes of all target groups—Flexistipes species (Deferribacteres phylum), uncharacterized spirochetes, and Atopobium species. Analysis of these data indicates that uncultivated Spirochaetes and Deferribacteres phylotypes are frequent members of the endodontic microbiota and may be potential pathogens involved with the etiology of periradicular diseases.
Predicting Juvenile Offending

In this study, the authors compared logistic regression and predictive data mining techniques such as decision trees (DTs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and support vector machines (SVMs), and examined these methods on whether they could discriminate between adolescents who were charged or not charged for initial juvenile offending in a large Asian sample. Results were validated and tested in independent samples with logistic regression and DT, ANN, and SVM classifiers achieving accuracy rates of 95% and above. Findings from receiver operating characteristic analyses also supported these results. In addition, the authors examined distinct patterns of occurrences within and across classifiers. Proactive aggression and teacher-rated conflict consistently emerged as risk factors across validation and testing data sets of DT and ANN classifiers, and logistic regression. Reactive aggression, narcissistic exploitativeness, being male, and coming from a nonintact family were risk factors that emerged in one or more of these data sets across classifiers, while anxiety and poor peer relationships failed to emerge as predictors.
Moral development of chinese students in Hong Kong.

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral judgment by Rest was administered to 242 Chinese secondary school and university students in Hong Kong. Metric unfolding analysis on the stage scores of different groups of both sexes and various educational levels revealed that the moral development of the Chinese students were in agreement with Kohlberg's major distinctions of preconventional, conventional and postconventional levels. The sequence of stage development within the same level (e.g., between stages 5 and 6), however, was sometimes ambiguous. Results also showed that older university students were morally more mature than the younger secondary school students in their P%, D, and stages 5 and 6 scores. The applicability of DIT in the Chinese culture and the universality of Kohlberg's 6-stage model were generally supported.
Regression splines for threshold selection in survival data analysis.

The Cox proportional hazards model restricts the hazard ratio to be linear in the covariates. A survival model based on data from a clinical trial is developed using spline functions with variable knots to estimate the log hazard function. Moreover, the main point of the method is that a knot, seen as free parameters for a piecewise linear spline, represents a break point in the log hazard function which may be interpreted as a threshold value. The likelihood ratio test is used to select the final model and to determine the threshold number for a covariate. Confidence intervals for these threshold values are computed by bootstrapping the data. Two examples illustrate the method.
Microsurgery and the Hypercoagulable State: A Hematologist’s Perspective

Summary: Hypercoagulability can pose a significant problem in microsurgical reconstruction. Here, the authors provide a comprehensive review of macrovascular and microvascular clotting phenomena from the unique viewpoint of two microsurgeons and a hematologist. The authors review the literature surrounding prevention of microvascular clots and provide an extensive discussion of hereditary thrombophilia. The authors also make explicit recommendations regarding the utility of thrombophilia testing and preoperative and perioperative management strategies for patients with hypercoagulability.
Dual Genetic Pathways Controlling Nodule Number inMedicago truncatula 1

We report the isolation and characterization of a newMedicago truncatula hyper-nodulation mutant, designatedsunn (super numeric nodules). Similar to the previously described ethylene-insensitive mutant sickle,sunn exhibits a 10-fold increase in the number of nodules within the primary nodulation zone. Despite this general similarity, these two mutants are readily distinguished based on anatomical, genetic, physiological, and molecular criteria. In contrast to sickle, where insensitivity to ethylene is thought to be causal to the hyper-nodulation phenotype (R.V. Penmetsa, D.R. Cook [1997] Science 275: 527–530), nodulation in sunn is normally sensitive to ethylene. Nevertheless, sunnexhibits seedling root growth that is insensitive to ethylene, although other aspects of the ethylene triple response are normal; these observations suggest that hormonal responses might condition thesunn phenotype in a manner distinct fromsickle. The two mutants also differ in the anatomy of the nodulation zone: Successful infection and nodule development insunn occur predominantly opposite xylem poles, similar to wild type. In sickle, however, both infection and nodulation occur randomly throughout the circumference of the developing root. Genetic analysis indicates that sunnand sickle correspond to separate and unlinked loci, whereas the sunn/skl double mutant exhibits a novel and additive super-nodulation phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest a working hypothesis wherein sunn andsickle define distinct genetic pathways, withskl regulating the number and distribution of successful infection events, and sunn regulating nodule organogenesis.
STUDY OF SUB CARINAL ANGLE OF HUMAN TRACHEA BY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Bipinchandra Khade, Assistant Professor, Department Of Anatomy,CMCH, Bhopal, India. E-Mail: drbipinkhade@gmail.com Introduction: The study of bronchial tree is done by both invasive and non-invasive techniques like cadaveric dissection, bronchograms, virtual bronchoscopy, Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan. Materials and Methods: The subcarinal angle of trachea was measured on chest CT scans of 110 normal adult individuals in the age group of 10-70 years (69 males and 41 females) attending the department of Radiodiagnosis at Government Medical College, Aurangabad. Result: The mean value for subcarinal angle was 80.01 ± 12.53 in males, 79.75 ± 9.990 in females and 79.92 ± 11.600 in total study population. The difference between means of subcarinal angle in male and female population was not significant statistically (‘p’ value=0.902). In the age group 11-20 years, the differences between the mean values of subcarinal angle were affected by sex to a very small extent as compared to other age groups. Discussion: It was observed that widening of the tracheal bifurcation angle had long been accepted as a sign of left atrial enlargement, but conflicting data are present about its reliability. Conclusion: The mean value of subcarinal angle is independent of age and gender. This study is useful for clinicians to know the changes in left atrium and while doing endotracheal intubation and bronchoscopy.
Price and the Demand for Nongroup Health Insurance

In light of recent interest in tax credits and other price-based incentives to stimulate the purchase of insurance, this study estimates the price elasticity of demand for nongroup health insurance for single workers without access to employer-sponsored insurance. Our premium measure explicitly accounts for two components that have not been examined in previous studies: 1) health status, and 2) the effect of state-level premium rating regulations. We estimate a price elasticity of –. 59, which, given the low rate of initial coverage in our sample (16.4%), translates to a small effect on the uninsured.
An Interesting Observation of PDA Closure with Oral Paracetamol in Preterm Neonates

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), in which there is a persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery that results from failure of normal physiologic closure of the fetal ductus, is one of the more common congenital heart defects in preterm neonates. The closure of PDA can be done with either Indomethacin or Brufen which are cyclooxygenase 1, 2 inhibitor; however these drugs are associated with side effects. We report an interesting findings of ductal closure in 10 preterm neonates (gestational age 27-33 wks) presenting with significant large PDA who had failed or had absolute contraindication with Brufen. These preterm neonates were treated with oral paracetamol in the dose of 15 mg/kg 8 hourly. The PDA closure was achieved within 48 h and there was no complication.
Late-Onset Cytomegalovirus Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients Despite Antiviral Prophylaxis1

Background. The incidence and impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease that occurs despite CMV prophylaxis among liver transplant recipients have been incompletely defined. Methods. The incidence and risk factors for CMV disease during the first posttransplant year in a cohort of liver transplant recipients who received antiviral prophylaxis with oral ganciclovir were retrospectively analyzed using Cox proportional-hazard regression models. Results. CMV disease developed in 19 of 259 recipients (7% [95% confidence interval 0.04–0.11]) at a median of 4.5 months posttransplant, included syndrome (63%) or tissue-invasive disease (37%), and was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality during the first posttransplant year (hazard ratio 14 [95% confidence interval 3.8–54], P=0.0007). The incidence was higher (10/38 [26%] vs. 8/180 [4.5%], P<0.0001) in seronegative recipients (R−) of an organ from a seropositive donor (D+) compared with seropositive (R+) patients, respectively. D+R− status was the only variable significantly associated with CMV disease in multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Late CMV disease develops in a substantial proportion of D+R− recipients after prophylaxis is discontinued, is not accurately predicted by patient factors, and is associated with increased mortality. New strategies to identify D+R− patients at risk and to reduce the incidence and impact of late CMV disease in this group are warranted.
FERTILITY LEVELS AND PATTERNS AMONG HIV INFECTED AND UN INFECTED WOMEN IN KYELA DISTRICT – TANZANIA

The fertility transition, seen in many parts of the world, has been slow to start in sub-Saharan Africa, although recent evidence suggests a moderate decline of fertility in few countries. Recent studies in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that fertility is reduced among HIV infected women compared with uninfected women. This paper has been developed based on the assumption that HIV epidemic has to some extent altered the proximate determinants of fertility and influence fertility patterns and levels among HIV infected and un-infected women in Kyela District –Tanzania. A simple mathematical spread sheet was constructed to compare the fertility of HIV infected and un-infected women in Kyela District – Tanzania. Total Fertility Ratio (FRR) was computed using Age Specific Fertility Rates (ASFRs) of these women. A total of 1,050 women aged 15-49 years from Kyela District –Tanzania were drawn using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). For each woman a sample of blood drops were taken for HIV testing. It was found that HIV prevalence estimated using cross-sectional data was 18.4 percent compared to prevalence rate of 20 percent based on Antenatal Clinic (ANC) data. This analysis suggests that ANC data had overestimated the HIV prevalence. The study found that the HIV epidemic influenced and changed fertility levels and patterns among HIV infected and un-infected women. HIV infected women recorded low total fertility rate of (4.8 children per woman) compared to HIV un-infected women (5.0 children per woman). The HIV epidemic has reduced fertility of Kyela District by 4 percent.
Changes in time scale and sensitivity in turtle photoreceptors

1. In turtle cones the steady‐state relation between the internal potential and log light intensity was much flatter in the steady state than it was at 30 msec after the beginning of a step of light; this is attributed to a desensitization which develops with a delay of 50–100 msec.
Target Selectivity and Neurochemical Characteristics of VIP‐immunoreactive Interneurons in the Rat Dentate Gyrus

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been shown to be present in a morphologically heterogeneous subpopulation of interneurons in the dentate gyrus, but the relationship between their input and output characteristics and neurochemical features has not been established. Three types of VIP‐immunoreactive cells have been identified on the basis of these criteria: (i) cells forming a dense axonal plexus in the hilus have always coexisted with the calcium binding protein calretinin (CR), but never with the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK). The postsynaptic targets of these VIP‐positive cells were neurons visualized by immunostaining for substance P receptor, which is known to label different hilar non‐principal cells. (ii) VIP‐immunoreactive basket cells, innervating predominantly the somata and proximal dendrites of granule cells, were found in the stratum moleculare and stratum granulosum. They contained CCK, but not CR. (iii) Cells projecting to the stratum moleculare were found to have dendrites and axons restricted to this layer. In 75% of these cells VIP coexisted with CR but not with CCK, and they established multiple contacts largely with non‐principal cells. GABA was shown to be present but the calcium‐binding proteins calbindin D28K and parvalbumin were absent in all three types of VIP‐containing interneuron. On the basis of these observations we conclude that three different types of VIP‐positive neuron are present in this area, and are likely to subserve different inhibitory functions: cells with a hilar projection as well as those projecting to the stratum moleculare may synchronize the activity of hilar and other interneurons, or disinhibit granule cells by specific interneuron‐to‐interneuron connections. In contrast, basket cells control the activity of granule cells directly, via perisomatic inhibition.