Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Government as Network Catalyst: Preferential Attachment in the High-Technology Sector

Governments have long standing interests in preventing market failures and enhancing innovation in strategic industries. Public policy regarding domestic technology is critical to both national security and economic prosperity. Governments often seek to enhance their global competitiveness by promoting private sector cooperative activity at the inter-organizational level. Research on network governance has illuminated the structure of boundary-spanning collaboration mainly for programs with immediate public or non-profit objectives. Far less research has examined how governments might stimulate private sector cooperation to prevent market failures or to enhance innovation. The theoretical contribution of this research is to suggest that government programs might catalyze cooperative activity by stimulating the preferential attachment mechanism inherent in social networks. We analyze the long-term effects of a government program on the strategic alliance network of 451 organizations in the high-tech semiconductor industry between 1987 and 1999, using recently developed stochastic network analysis methods for longitudinal social networks.
Discovery and analysis of a ULX nebula in NGC 3521

We present Very Large Telescope/X-shooter and Chandra X-ray observatory/ACIS observations of the ULX [SST2011] J110545.62 + 000016.2 in the galaxy NGC 3521. The source identified as a candidate near-infrared counterpart to the ULX in our previous study shows an emission line spectrum of numerous recombination and forbidden lines in the visible and near-infrared spectral regime. The emission from the candidate counterpart is spatially extended (∼34 pc) and appears to be connected with an adjacent H ii region, located ∼138 pc to the NE. The measured velocities of the emission lines confirm that both the candidate counterpart and H ii region reside in NGC 3521. The intensity ratios of the emission lines from the ULX counterpart show that the line emission originates from the combined effect of shock and photoionization of low metallicity (12 + log (O/H) = 8.19 ± 0.11) gas. Unfortunately, there is no identifiable spectral signature directly related to the photosphere of the mass-donor star in our spectrum. From the archival Chandra data, we derive the X-ray luminosity of the source in the 0.3–7 keV range to be (1.9 ± 0.8) × 1040 er g cm−2 s−1, almost a factor of four higher than what is previously reported.
ISEA: Image Steganalysis using Evolutionary Algorithms

NP-hard problems always have been attracting scientists' attentions, and most often seen in the emerging challenging issues. The most interesting NP-hard problems emerging in the world of data science is Curse of dimensionality (CoD). Recently, this problem has penetrated most of high technology domains like advanced image processing, particularly image steganalysis. The universal and smarter steganalysis algorithms provide a huge number of attributes, which make working with data hard to process. In large data sets, finding a pattern which governs whole data takes long time, and yet no guarantee to reach the optimal pattern. In general, the purpose of the researchers in image steganalysis stands for distinguishing stego images from cover images. In this paper, we investigated recent works on detecting stego images, particularly those algorithms that adopted evolutionary algorithms. Thus, our work is categorized as supervised learning which consider ground truth to evaluate the performance of given algorithm. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary algorithms which are attempted to solve this NP-hard problems.
The Seven Most Massive Clumps in W43-Main as Seen by ALMA: Dynamical Equilibrium and Magnetic Fields

Here we present new ALMA observations of polarized dust emission from six of the most massive clumps in W43-Main. The clumps MM2, MM3, MM4, MM6, MM7, and MM8, have been resolved into two populations of fragmented filaments. From these two populations we extracted 81 cores (96 with the MM1 cores) with masses between 0.9 M⊙ to 425 M⊙ and a mass sensitivity of 0.08 M⊙. The MM6, MM7, and MM8 clumps show significant fragmentation, but the polarized intensity appears to be sparse and compact. The MM2, MM3, and MM4 population shows less fragmentation, but with a single protostellar core dominating the emission at each clump. Also, the polarized intensity is more extended and significantly stronger in this population. From the polarized emission, we derived detailed magnetic field patterns throughout the filaments that we used to estimate field strengths for four out of the six clumps. The average field strength estimates were found to lie between 500 μG to 1.8 mG. Additionally, we detected and modeled infalling motions toward MM2 and MM3 from single-dish and data, resulting in mass infall rates of M⊙ yr−1 and M⊙ yr−1. Using our estimations, we evaluated the dynamical equilibrium of our cores by computing the total virial parameter αtotal. For the cores with reliable field estimates, we found that 71% appear to be gravitationally bound while the remaining 29% are not. We conclude that these unbound cores, which are also less massive, are still accreting and have not yet reached a critical mass. This also implies different evolutionary timescales, which essentially suggests that star formation in high-mass filaments is not uniform.
Deterministic coloring algorithms in the LOCAL model

We study the problem of bi-chromatic coloring of hypergraphs in the LOCAL distributed model of computation. This problem can easily be solved by a randomized local algorithm with no communication. However, it is not known how to solve it deterministically with only a polylogarithmic number of communication rounds. In this paper we indeed design such a deterministic algorithm that solves this problem with polylogarithmic number of communication rounds. This is an almost exponential improvement on the previously known deterministic local algorithms for this problem. Because the bi-chromatic coloring of hypergraphs problem is known to be complete in the class of all locally checkable graph problems, our result implies deterministic local algorithms with polylogarithmic number of communication rounds for all such problems for which an efficient randomized algorithm exists. This solves one of the fundamental open problems in the area of local distributed graph algorithms. By reductions due to Ghaffari, Kuhn and Maus [STOC 2017] this implies such polylogarithmically efficient deterministic local algorithms for many graph problems.
Quantum synchronisation enabled by dynamical symmetries and dissipation

In nature, instances of synchronisation abound across a diverse range of environments. In the quantum regime, however, synchronisation is typically observed by identifying an appropriate parameter regime in a specific system. In this work we show that this need not be the case, identifying conditions which, when satisfied, guarantee that the individual constituents of a generic open quantum system will undergo completely synchronous limit cycles which are, to first order, robust to symmetry-breaking perturbations. We then describe how these conditions can be satisfied by the interplay between several elements: interactions, local dephasing and the presence of a strong dynamical symmetry—an operator which guarantees long-time non-stationary dynamics. These elements cause the formation of entanglement and off-diagonal long-range order which drive the synchronised response of the system. To illustrate these ideas we present two central examples: a chain of quadratically dephased spin-1s and the many-body charge-dephased Hubbard model. In both cases perfect phase-locking occurs throughout the system, regardless of the specific microscopic parameters or initial states. Furthermore, when these systems are perturbed, their nonlinear responses elicit long-lived signatures of both phase and frequency-locking.
Helical resonant transport and purified amplification at an exceptional point

We propose an application of a parity-time symmetric non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model by embedded it in a two-dimensional square lattice tube. The coalescence state at the exceptional point of non-Hermitian SSH model is chiral and selectively controls helical transport and amplification. Two typical helicity-dependent scattering dynamics are observed. If the incidence has an identical helicity with the embedded non-Hermitian SSH model, we observe a perfect transmission without reflection. However, if the incidence has an opposite helicity with the embedded non-Hermitian SSH model, except for a full transmission, we observe an amplified transmission with different helicity from the incidence; but the amplified reflection has identical helicity with the incidence. These intriguing features are completely unexpected in Hermitian system. Moreover, the helical amplification at high efficiency can be triggered by an arbitrary excitation. The different dynamics between incidences with opposite helicities are results of unidirectional tunneling, which is revealed to be capable of realizing without introducing magnetic field. Our findings open a direction in all-optical device and provide perspectives in non-Hermitian transport.
Beyond Safety Drivers: Staffing a Teleoperations System for Autonomous Vehicles

Driverless vehicles promise a host of societal benefits including dramatically improved safety, increased accessibility, greater productivity, and higher quality of life. As this new technology approaches widespread deployment, both industry and government are making provisions for teleoperations systems, in which remote human agents provide assistance to driverless vehicles. This assistance can involve real-time remote operation and even ahead-of-time input via human-in-the-loop artificial intelligence systems. In this paper, we address the problem of staffing such a remote support center. Our analysis focuses on the tradeoffs between the total number of remote agents, the reliability of the remote support system, and the resulting safety of the driverless vehicles. By establishing a novel connection between queues with large batch arrivals and storage processes, we determine the probability of the system exceeding its service capacity. This connection drives our staffing methodology. We also develop a numerical method to compute the exact staffing level needed to achieve various performance measures. This moment generating function based technique may be of independent interest, and our overall staffing analysis may be of use in other applications that combine human expertise and automated systems.
Bolometric corrections of stellar oscillation amplitudes as observed by the Kepler, CoRoT, and TESS missions

A better understanding of the amplitudes of stellar oscillation modes and surface granulation is essential for improving theories of mode physics and the properties of the outer convection zone of solar-like stars. A proper prediction of these amplitudes is also essential for appraising the detectability of solar-like oscillations for asteroseismic analysis. Comparisons with models, or between different photometric missions, are enabled by applying a bolometric correction, which converts mission-specific amplitudes to their corresponding bolometric (full light) values. We derive the bolometric correction factor for amplitudes of radial oscillation modes and surface granulation as observed by the Kepler, CoRoT, and TESS missions. The calculations are done assuming a stellar spectrum given by a black-body as well as by synthetic spectral flux densities from 1D model atmospheres. We derive a power-law and polynomial relations for the bolometric correction as a function of temperature from the black-body approximation and evaluate the deviations from adopting a more realistic spectrum. Across the full temperature range from 4000 to 7500 K, the amplitudes from TESS are in the black-body approximation predicted to be a factor ∼0.83–0.84 times those observed by Kepler. We find that using more realistic flux spectra over the black-body approximation can change the bolometric correction by as much as ${\sim }30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at the lowest temperatures, but with a change typically within ${\sim }5\! -\! 10 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ around a Teff of 5500–6000 K. We find that after Teff, the bolometric correction most strongly depends on $\rm [M/H]$, which could have an impact on reported metallicity dependences of amplitudes reported in the literature.
Decentralized Computation of Effective Resistances and Acceleration of Distributed Optimization Algorithms.

The effective resistance between a pair of nodes in a weighted undirected graph is defined as the potential difference induced between them when a unit current is injected at the first node and extracted at the second node, treating edge weights as the conductance values of edges. The effective resistance is a key quantity of interest in many applications and fields including solving linear systems, Markov Chains and continuous-time averaging networks. We develop an efficient linearly convergent distributed algorithm for computing effective resistances and demonstrate its performance through numerical studies. We also apply our algorithm to the consensus problem where the aim is to compute the average of node values in a distributed manner based on weighted averaging with immediate neighbors. We show that the distributed algorithm we developed for effective resistances can be used to design a weight matrix which can help pass the information among neighbors more effectively, accelerating the convergence of the classical consensus iterations considerably by a factor depending on the network structure. We also present an application of our effective resistance-based framework to accelerate distributed optimization algorithms including the EXTRA and DPGA-W.
Jellyfish: Ram Pressure Stripping As a Diagnostic Tool in Studies of Cluster Collisions

Prompted by the discovery of A1758N_JFG1, a spectacular case of ram pressure stripping (RPS) in the galaxy cluster A1758N, we investigate the properties of other galaxies suspected to undergo RPS in this equal-mass, post-collision merger. Exploiting constraints derived from Hubble Space Telescope images and Keck longslit spectroscopy, our finding of apparent debris trails and dramatically enhanced star formation rates in an additional seven RPS candidates support the hypothesis that RPS, and hence rapid galaxy evolution in high-density environments, is intricately linked to cluster collisions. Unexpectedly, we find the vast majority of RPS candidates in A1758N to be moving toward us, and in a shared direction as projected on the plane of the sky. We hypothesize that this directional bias is the result of two successive events: (1) the quenching, during and after the first core passage, of star formation in galaxies with an approximately isotropic velocity distribution within the central region of the merger, and (2) RPS events triggered in late-type galaxies falling into the merging system along a filament, possibly enhanced by a shock front expanding into the outskirts of the southeastern subcluster. Since this explanation implies that the merger axis of A1758N must be significantly inclined with respect to the plane of the sky, our findings open the possibility of RPS events becoming important diagnostic tools to constrain the geometry of cluster collisions that, due to the orientation of the merger axis, lack the classic observational signatures of face-on mergers.
Continuity and discontinuity of kirigami's high-extensibility transition: A statistical-physics viewpoint

Recently, kirigami's high extensibility has been understood as a transition in the force-elongation curve. In this paper, we consider a model, which modifies our previous model, to show a striking analogy between the present theory and Landau theory of continuous thermodynamic transitions, if we regard a rotation angle and elongation of kirigami as the order parameter and the inverse temperature, respectively. The present study opens a new avenue in physics, pointing out the importance of the distinction between discontinuity and continuity of the high-extensibility transition in an elementary kirigami structure, and showing that the mechanical response of kirigami can be understood using the tools of statistical physics, which have been proved to be useful in many fields of physics.
Three pearls of Bernoulli numbers

The Bernoulli numbers are fascinating and ubiquitous numbers, they occur in several domains of Mathematics like Number theory (FLT), Group theory, Calculus and even in Physics. Since Bernoulli's work, they are yet studied to understand their deep nature and particularly to find relationships between them. In this paper, we give, firstly, a short response to a problem stated, in 1971, by Carlitz and studied by many authors like Prodinger \cite{PRO}, the second pearl is an answer to a question raised, in 2008, by Tom Apostol . The third pearl is another proof of a relationship already given in 2011, by the authors.
Natural Risk and Property Valuation: House Price Gap in Padang

This research attempts to analyse the property price in city which has high natural risks. We examine the property price in Padang which is potentially hit by big earthquake and tsunami. This study investigates whether house prices are overvalued or undervalued. We use a sample of 100 homeowners in Padang to get a real data about their expected property values, especially their home. We compare houses market prices with their intrinsic values using expected cash flows analysis. We find overvaluation on house prices exists in all type house regardless its distance from coastal line, the existence of natural disaster shelters, anti-earthquake construction and size.
Law, Technology and Policies: A Complex Negotiation To Generate Value

Literature has largely investigated how information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a relevant instrument to support public sector reforms. This paper contributes this literature analyzing how technology shape the trajectory of a public policies designed into legal frameworks. The paper builds on the findings of the case study of the Italian legislation that introduced an electronic market portal to increase the openness, transparency and efficiency of the market for foreclosed properties. The legislation aimed at reducing the economic and social impact of an inefficient market for foreclosed properties. The paper contributes to the e-government literature highlighting the impact that the design choice of an electronic market portal impact upon the legislative outcomes that have informed its design. Moreover, the paper provides valuable insights for policymakers to help designing more effective e-government policies. The paper shows that the functionalities of technology shall be considered and analyzed during the lawmaking process to assure that the outcome of the process is not drifted by the technological deployment.
Holding the shape in hair simulation

Hair simulation models are based on physics, but require additional controls to achieve certain looks or art directions. A common simulation control is to use hard or soft constraints on the kinematic points provided by the articulation of the scalp or explicit rigging of the hair [Kaur et al. 2018; Soares et al. 2012]. While following the rigged points adds explicit control during shot work, we want to author information during the setup phase to better follow the groomed shape automatically during simulation (Figure 1). We have found that there is no single approach that satisfies every artistic requirement, and have instead developed several practical force-and constraint-based techniques over the course of the making of Brave, Inside Out, The Good Dinosaur, Coco, Incredibles 2, and Toy Story 4. We have also discovered that kinematic constraints can sometimes be adversely affected by mesh deformation and discuss how to mitigate this effect for both articulated and simulated hair.
Rethinking Transport Layer Design for Distributed Machine Learning

Motivated by the increasing scale of data, we see a growing need of high performance distributed machine learning systems. Many research works are being proposed to improve distributed machine learning performance. In this paper, we call upon this community to rethink transport layer solutions for distributed machine learning due to their stringent network requirements and special algorithmic properties. Distributed machine learning jobs generate bursty traffic when synchronizing parameters and a long tail flow can significantly slow down the complete training process. Meanwhile, in contrast to other distributed system applications, we find that machine learning algorithms are bounded-loss tolerant: randomized network data losses below a certain fraction (typically 10%--35%) will do little harm to the end to end job performance. Motivated by this observation, we highlight new opportunities to design bounded-loss tolerant transport to optimize the performance of distributed machine learning. By intentionally ignoring some packet losses, we can avoid unnecessary loss retransmissions, thus reducing the tail flow completion time. Following this principle, our preliminary results show that a simplified protocol can give 1.1-2.2x speedup on different distributed machine learning tasks.
Delayed Packet Forwarding for Information-Centric Networking

In this paper, we analytically derive the average content delivery delay with delayed packet forwarding in ICN (Information-Centric Networking), which is a mechanism to intentionally delay forwarding of a content request packet (Interest packet) at routers. In ICNs, when a router receives multiple Interest packets requesting the identical content, it can aggregate those Interest packets into a single Interest packet. This makes it possible to reduce the number of Interest packets and Data packets transferred through a network. In this paper, we focus on the delayed packet forwarding that intentionally delays Interest packet forwarding at routers, which aims to increase the aggregation probability at routers. By introducing the delayed packet forwarding to a router, we expect that the aggregation probability is increased, which leads to the reduction in the amount of traffic transfer. In contrast, to intentionally delay packet forwarding at routers might increase content delivery delay between an entity and a repository. In this paper, we therefore derive the average content delivery delay and throughput with and without the delayed packet forwarding in a dumb-bell network topology to quantitatively reveal the effectiveness of delayed packet forwarding. We also investigate the effectiveness of delayed packet forwarding through numerical examples and simulation experiments. Our findings include that, by introduction of delayed packet forwarding, the throughput can be improved by 12% when the output buffer of the repository is small.