Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Deep Fully Convolutional Network with Superpixel-Based Conditional Random Fields for Building Extraction

Fully convolutional network (FCN) modeling is a recently developed technique that is capable of significantly enhancing building extraction accuracy; it is an important branch of deep learning and uses advanced state-of-the-art techniques, especially with regard to building segmentation. In this paper, we present an enhanced deep convolutional encoder-decoder (DCED) network that has been customized for building extraction through the application of superpixelbased conditional random fields (SCRFs). The improved DCED network, with symmetrical dense-shortcut connection structures, is employed to establish the encoders for automatic extraction of building features. Our network’s encoders and decoders are also symmetrical. To further reduce the occurrence of falsely segmented buildings, and to sharpen the buildings’ boundaries, an SCRF is added to the end of the improved DCED architecture. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach exhibits competitive quantitative and qualitative performance, effectively alleviating the salt-and-pepper phenomenon and retaining the edge structures of buildings. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our method demonstrably achieves the optimal final accuracies.
IFLL Based Control for PV System at Adverse Grid Conditions

This work proposes a control algorithm based on improved frequency locked loop (IFLL) applied to single stage grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system at adverse grid situations like voltage distortion, voltage swell/sag etc. The proposed IFLL control algorithm extracts the grid voltage fundamental component, under various adverse grid conditions like voltage distortion and voltage swell/sag. For a single stage system, during dynamics, a fixed gain PI (Proportional-Integral) controller doesn’t provide satisfactory performance. Thus, a shuffled frog leaping algorithm tuned PI (SFLAPI) controller is used to overcome the disadvantages of PI controller with fixed gains. The VSC (Voltage Source Converter) of PV system, supplies the PV energy to the grid even under the worst situations of voltage distortion and voltage swell/ sag. An incremental conductance (INC) based MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is used for the peak power extraction from the PV array. Tests are conducted under various odd states like voltage distortion and voltage swell/sag, insolation change etc. and for the same, a prototype is built in the research laboratory. Performance of proposed system is found to be satisfactory, as recommended by the IEEE-519 and IEEE-1547 standards.
A model of how depth facilitates scene-relative object motion perception

Many everyday interactions with moving objects benefit from an accurate perception of their movement. Self-motion, however, complicates object motion perception because it generates a global pattern of motion on the observer’s retina and radically influences an object’s retinal motion. There is strong evidence that the brain compensates by suppressing the retinal motion due to self-motion, however, this requires estimates of depth relative to the object—otherwise the appropriate self-motion component to remove cannot be determined. The underlying neural mechanisms are unknown, but neurons in brain areas MT and MST may contribute given their sensitivity to motion parallax and depth through joint direction, speed, and disparity tuning. We developed a neural model to investigate whether cells in areas MT and MST with well-established neurophysiological properties can account for human object motion judgments during self-motion. We tested the model by comparing simulated object motion signals to human object motion judgments in environments with monocular, binocular, and ambiguous depth. Our simulations show how precise depth information, such as that from binocular disparity, may improve estimates of the retinal motion pattern due the self-motion through increased selectivity among units that respond to the global self-motion pattern. The enhanced self-motion estimates emerged from recurrent feedback connections in MST and allowed the model to better suppress the appropriate direction, speed, and disparity signals from the object’s retinal motion, improving the accuracy of the object’s movement direction represented by motion signals.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chloroquine and Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Children Under Five Years in a Rural Population of Enugu State

Objective: To determine and compare the in vivo efficacy of the trial drugs chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in under 5 children. Study Design and Methods: This was a comparative clinical trial conducted at Ugwuogo Nike, a rural community, in South east Nigeria. Patients were selected by convenience method and allotted to trial drugs by randomization. Fifty-five patients were allocated to each treatment group (chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine). Patients were enrolled after informed consents were obtained. Historical, physical and laboratory data were obtained to determine the baseline characteristics: age, sex, place of domicile, clinical status of the children. The haematocrit and parasite density were also determined for each patient and repeated on Days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14. Drugs were administered by direct observation methods. Data obtained were analysed with parametric and nonparametric tests to determine significance and associations. Results: The study was conducted from July 29th to September 8th 2002, and one hundred and ten (110) children aged 6 to 59 months with malaria were recruited. The baseline characteristics of the enrolled patients in the two treatment groups were similar except for the mean weights. Fever clearance time for both drugs; chloroquine and sulphadoxine- pyrimethamine, respectively was 32.29 hours (± 17.42). There were 26 cases of early treatment failure in the chloroquine group and 17 in the S-P group (p > 0.05). The proportions of late parasitological failure was 43.6% for each of the treatment groups. Only two and seven cases in the respective groups had adequate clinical and parasitological response (p > 0.05), however clinical efficacy was 56.3% for SP and 47.2% for chloroquine. Conclusion: The number of early treatment failures in both treatment groups exceeds the acceptable limit of 25%. It is therefore recommended that combination therapy regimens with cheaper and easily available drugs should be adopted rather than monotherapy. Key Words: Chloroquine, Sulfadoxine/ Pyrimethamine, Efficacy, Children Journal of College of Medicine 2005: 9(2): 77-81
Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Across Occupational Classifications

Purpose: To examine differences in activity patterns across employment and occupational classifications. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: A 2005-2006 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Sample: Participants with valid accelerometry data (n = 2068). Measures: Uniaxial accelerometry data (ActiGraph 7164), accumulated during waking hours, were summarized as mean activity counts (counts/min) and time spent (min/d) in long-bout sedentary (≥30 minutes, SED≥30), short-bout sedentary (<30 minutes, SED<30), light physical activity (LPA), short-bout moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (<10 minutes, MVPA<10), and long-bout MVPA (≥10 minutes, MVPA≥10) using Freedson cut-points. Employment status was self-reported as full time, part time, unemployed, keeping house, or raising children. Self-reported job duties were categorized into 23 major groups using the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification. Analysis: Omnibus differences were analyzed using adjusted analysis of covariance and repeated after stratification by race (black/white) and sex (female/male). Results: SED≥30, SED<30, LPA, and MVPA<10 differed significantly by employment and occupational categories (P ≤ .05), while MVPA≥10 did not (P ≥ .50). SED≥30, SED<30, and LPA differed by occupational classification in men, women, blacks, and whites (P < .05). Mean activity counts, MVPA<10, and MVPA≥10 were significantly different across occupational classifications in whites (P ≤ .05), but not in blacks (P > .05). Significant differences in mean activity counts and MVPA<10 across occupational classifications were found in males (P ≤ .001), but not in females (P > .05). Conclusion: Time within activity intensity categories differs across employment and occupational classifications and by race and sex.
Compassion Fatigue: Coping With Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder In Those Who Treat the Traumatized

nursing students? J Nurs Educ. 2004;43(7):305-312. [PMID: 15303583] 2. Figley CR, ed. Compassion Fatigue: Coping With Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in Those Who Treat the Traumatized. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel; 1995. 3. Figley CR, ed. Treating Compassion Fatigue. New York, NY: BrunnerRoutledge; 2002. 4. Garfield C, Spring C, Ober D. Sometimes My Heart Goes Numb: Caring in a Time of AIDS. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1995. 5. Halifax J. Being with Dying: Cultivating Compassion and Fearlessness in the Presence of Death. Boston, MA: Shambala; 2008. 6. Harrison RL, Westwood MJ. Preventing vicarious traumatization of mental health therapists: in the US oncology community. J Oncol Pract. 2005;1(4):140-147. 7. Hutchinson TA, Dobkin PL. Mindful medical practice: just another fad? Can Fam Physician. 2009;55(8):778-779. [PMID: 19675256] 8. Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):144-155. 9. Kornfield J. The Wise Heart: A Guide to the Universal Teachings of Buddhist Psychology. New York, NY: Bantam; 2008. 10. Leary MR, Tate EB, Adams CE, Allen AB, Hancock J. Self-compassion and reaction to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;92(5):887-904. [PMID: 17484611] 11. Neff KD, Kirkpatrick KL, Rude SS. Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. J Res Pers. 2006:41139-41154. 12. Neff KD, Vonk R. Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: two different ways of relating to oneself. J Pers. 2009;77(1):23-50. [PMID: 19076996] 13. Neff KD. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self Ident. 2003;2:223-250. 14. Nyklícek I, Kuijpers KF. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Ann Behav Med. 2008;35(3):331-340. [PMID: 18535870] 15. Shapiro S, Astin J, Bishop S, Cordova M. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for health care professionals: results from a randomized trial. Int J Stress Manag. 2005;12(2):164-176. 16. Shapiro S, Izett CD. Meditation: a universal tool for cultivating empathy. In: Hick S, Bien T, eds. Mindfulness and the Therapeutic Relationship. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2008. 17. Shapiro SL, Brown KW, Biegel GM. Teaching self-care to caregivers: effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Train Educ Prof Psychol. 2007;1(2):105-115. 18. Shapiro SL, Oman D, Thoresen CE, Plante TG, Flinders T. Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being. J Clin Psychol. 2008;64(7):840-862. [PMID: 18484600] 19. Shapiro SL, Schwartz GE, Bonner G. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. J Behav Med. 1998;21(6):581-599. [PMID: 9891256] 20. Wallace BA, Shapiro S. Mental balance and wellbeing: building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology. Am Psychol. 2006;61(7):690-701. [PMID: 17032069]
A Simple Modelling Procedure of Rogowski Coil for Power Systems Applications

The use of Low-Power Instrument Transformers is spreading among the network and Standards are providing all the necessary information for their usage. However, practical applications adopt such definition with a certain delay (which could be years) with respect to their publication. To this purpose, the paper presents a simple Rogowski modelling procedure, for nonexperts, to predict the Rogowski output when used under nonstandard conditions. In addition, the procedure allows to have a clear knowledge of each device for further testing. Provided measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
Foam sclerotherapy - How to improve results and reduce side effects?

Methods to improve the efficacy of foam sclerotherapy might include: more vigorous agitation methods to produce more stable foam with smaller bubble size, increasing the volume and/or concentration of the sclerosing agent, use of an intravenous catheter, and leg elevation to evacuate as much blood as possible. Methods to improve the safety of foam sclerotherapy might include: use of an intravenous indwelling catheter; saphenofemoral junction occlusion; low foam volume; use of low silicon syringes; use of non airbased foam; avoidance of high concentration sclerosing agents in patients with duplicated femoral vein segments; leg elevation before or after injection of foam; and maintaining patient immobility after injection. A series of studies and exercises are described which call into question many methods proposed to limit the dispersal of injected foam. The use of non air-based foam may reduce the incidence of side effects.
Systematic review of child restraint system interventions (2007–2018)

Abstract Objective: To systematically review and summarize articles evaluating the effectiveness of child restraint system (CRS) interventions targeting parents/caregivers’ knowledge of, overall rates of and/or proper use of CRSs published in a recent time period. Methods: Using multiple databases, we identified peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018 using selected key search terms. Inclusion criteria were: (1) evaluation of an intervention/program for child passenger safety targeting a parent or caregiver of a child (2) quantitative data-based results (i.e., change in knowledge, behavior, or observed outcomes), (3) English-language, and (4) peer-reviewed journal publication. Through a systematic review process and peer consensus, n = 23 articles met inclusion criteria. References of these articles were reviewed for inclusion using the same process and n = 12 additional articles were identified. Results: A total of n = 35 articles met inclusion criteria. Of the n = 35 articles, n = 9 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), n = 4 were cluster RCTs, n = 11 were nonrandomized trials, and n = 11 were pretest post-test studies. Types of interventions included face-to-face education (n = 26), web/video-based education (n = 8) or written educational materials (n = 1). Of the articles reviewed, n = 20 involved distribution of free or subsidized CRSs to some or all subjects. N = 20 articles involved trained CRS technicians and/or CRS installation check-points. In terms of outcomes measured, n = 3 articles assessed changes in knowledge of CRS use, n = 22 assessed changes in CRS behaviors (which includes self-report or observed behavior change), and n = 10 assessed changes in both CRS knowledge and behaviors. All articles (n = 3) that measured changes in knowledge as their only outcome demonstrated positive effects while articles measuring behavioral outcomes (self-report or observed) (n = 32) had mixed results. Conclusions: This review included a wide range of articles of heterogeneous methodologies, sample sizes, and outcomes measured. Although different approaches to CRS interventions were effective in increasing awareness and knowledge, the effects on CRS use behaviors – whether self-reported or observed – were mixed. Future research is needed to increase appropriate CRS use and reduce the burden of motor vehicle crash-related injuries among children.
The impact of body mass index on one-year mortality after spinal cord injury

Objective: Evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and one-year mortality among people who survived the first 90 days after spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Cohort study. Setting: Eighteen SCI Model Systems centers throughout the United States. Participants: 6640 participants (men, 79.6%; mean age, 42.8 ± 17.7y; Whites, 62.3%) who had an SCI between October 2006 and March 2017. Interventions: Not applicable. Outcome Measures: All-cause mortality and causes of death. Life table method was used to estimate mortality rates, while Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to assess the impact of BMI on mortality after adjusting for demographic and injury-related factors. Results: Based on BMI obtained during initial rehabilitation, participants were classified into underweight (4.2%), normal weight (41.2%), overweight (30.9%) and obese (23.8%) groups, and their corresponding one-year mortality rates were 2.6%, 1.8%, 3.1%, 3.5%, respectively (P = 0.002). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, people with obesity had a higher mortality risk than those with normal weight (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.28). The most frequent causes of death for people with obesity were infective and parasitic diseases and respiratory diseases, while respiratory diseases were the most frequent for people with other BMI statuses. Conclusion: People with obesity who incur an SCI need special attention to prevent early mortality. Future studies should explore factors that contribute to such a higher mortality after SCI, such as preexisting conditions and comorbidities. The effects of BMI on long-term mortality also deserve further investigation.
Use of Occupation-Based Measures in LSVT BIG Research: A Case Study

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms that impact occupational performance. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of LSVT BIG using occupational performance outcome measures. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of LSVT BIG on occupational performance with an individual with PD. The participant, a 73-year-old retired female with mild PD, completed the LSVT BIG program. Researchers measured changes in occupational performance using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS). Results indicated improved client perceptions of occupational performance and satisfaction on the COPM and improved independence and adequacy on the PASS. Despite the positive findings of this study that support the use occupational performance measures to evaluate change within LSVT BIG literature, future research should be conducted to determine causality of identified occupational performance improvements and time course of improvements.
Two-Level Osteotomy for the Corrective Surgery of Severe Kyphosis From Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Retrospective Series.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To describe the treatment results of patients with severe ankylosing spondylitis (AS) kyphosis who underwent two-level osteotomy and correction surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The best solution for the fixed kyphotic deformity of AS is corrective osteotomy. Many osteotomy options are available: pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), Smith-Peterson osteotomy (SPO), and vertical column resection (VCR). These procedures all provide multiplanar deformity correction. Nevertheless, when the AS deformity is severe, an additional osteotomy site to get more correction, achieve more ideal, and smooth curvature of the spine than single osteotomy. METHODS From May, 2008 to August, 2016, 19 patients of severe AS kyphosis underwent two-level spinal osteotomy and correction surgery. The patients had an average kyphosis angle greater than 90°. The radiological features and clinical evaluation, including Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS), and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 components were assessed before surgery and at follow-up. The patients underwent either one-level PSO combined with one-level SPO (n = 9) or two-level PSO (n = 10). RESULTS The height was increased after surgery in all patients (P < 0.05). The median follow-up was 24 months. The kyphosis angle improved from 92.0 ± 16.6° to 30.0 ± 17.2°. The chin-brow vertical angle improved from 37.6 ± 19.2° to -0.6 ± 2.5°. The sacral slope improved from 3.9 ± 11.8° to 21.7 ± 7.4°. Sagittal imbalance improved from 241.4 ± 115.3 mm to 74.6 ± 48.5 mm (P < 0.05). Lumbar lordosis improved from -3.9 ± 20.8° to 29.4 ± 14.1° (all P < 0.05). There were significant improvements in the ODI, VAS, and all components of SRS-22 (all P < 0.05). All patients with pseudarthrosis (n = 5) underwent PSO + SPO and achieved satisfactory results. Six complications were observed perioperatively, but without permanent sequelae. CONCLUSION Two-level osteotomy and correction procedure can achieve satisfactory results in severe AS kyphosis. PSO + SPO could be a good option for patients with pseudarthrosis because of relatively easier and faster operation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Loss of P16/INK4A Protein Expression is a Common Abnormality in Hodgkin's Lymphoma

P16/INK4A is tumor suppressor protein that plays a critical role in cell cycle regulation. Loss of P16 protein expression has been implicated in pathogenesis of many cancers, including lymphoma. Therefore, we sought to investigate if loss of P16 protein expression is associated with lymphoma and/or any specific lymphoma subtypes (Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)). Fifty-five lymphoma cases consisted of 30 cases of HL and 25 cases of NHL, with an age range of 3 to 78 years, were examined for loss of P16 by immunohistochemical technique using a specific antibody reacting against P16. In total, P16 loss was seen in 33% of all lymphoma cases. P16 loss was identified in 47.7% of HL cases. In contrast, only 16% of NHL showed loss of P16. Loss of P16 was seen in 67% of HL patients with 50 years of age or older, whereas P16 loss was found in only 42% of HL patients with less than 50 years of age. P16 loss in HL is somewhat higher in male (55%) than in female (30%). In subtypes of HL, P16 loss was found exclusively in all cases of lymphocyte depletion, lymphocyte predominance and unclassified cases, whereas P16 loss was seen in 39% of mixed cellularity and 29% of nodular sclerosis cases. In low grade NHL patients, P16 loss was seen in approximately one-third of cases, whereas no or very rare of P16 loss was found in intermediate and high grade cases. P16 loss did not show any correlation with age or gender of NHL patients. In conclusion, the high rate of P16 loss seen in our study suggests that loss of P16 expression plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma, particularly with HL. Keywords—B-cells, immunostaining, P16 protein, ReedSternberg cells, tumors.
Anthropometric Research of Metric Characters in Zygomatic Complex Region.

OBJECTIVES To get and analyze the metric data of zygomatic region for the plasty of zygoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 dry skulls in Chinese Han population were randomly collected and measured. The metrical data were divided into 4 parts, including the relative position of contour height of zygomatic bone, the relative prominence of zygomatic bone, the relative prominence of zygomatic arch, and the angle of the zygomatic bone and arch. RESULTS The measurements in the 4 parts showed significantly difference between male and female (P < 0.05). For relative position of contour height of zygomatic bone group, the data of male is significantly bigger than female (P < 0.05). For relative prominence of zygomatic bone/zygomatic arch group, zygoma/zygomatic arch of male significantly protruded more than female (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The location of male zygoma is more protruding than female. The female zygoma is squarer than male and marginal process is helpful in zygomatic plasty. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These studies show and analyze the metric data of zygomatic region in Chinese Han population for the plasty of zygoma. These different characters between males and females could be helpful in zygomatic plasty of Chinese Han population based on this research.