Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Relative Humidity on Nanoparticle Concentration and Particle Mass Distribution Measurements by the MOUDI

A humidity control system was operated upstream of two collocated MOUDIs (micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors) for sampling ambient aerosol particles. One MOUDI used silicone-grease-coated aluminum foils (ALs) as the impaction substrates and was considered as the reference impactor, while the other used uncoated ALs or uncoated Teflon filters (TFs) as the impaction substrates for quantifying the effect of different relative humidities (RHs) and impaction substrates on the PM0.1 concentrations and mass distributions of ambient PMs. Test results showed that decreasing RH in general increased particle bounce from uncoated substrates with the bounce from uncoated ALs being more severe than that from uncoated TFs. Particle bounce did not influence the overall mass distribution of ambient fine particles when RH ranged between 40% and 80%, whereas it led to undersampling of particles greater than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter severely. Oversampling of PM0.1 occurred by as much as 95%–180% or 25%–55% when the MOUDI used uncoated ALs or TFs, respectively, as RH was reduced from 50% to 25%. Particle bounce was found to be negligible, and PM0.1 and PM2.5 could be sampled accurately with less than 5% error at the RH of 75%–80% or 65%–80% when uncoated ALs or TFs were used, respectively.
Three Unusual 22-β-O-23-Hydroxy-(5α)-spirostanol Glycosides from the Fruits of Solanum torvum

Three novel 22-β-O-spirostanol oligoglycosides, torvosides J (1), K (2) and L (3) have been isolated from the fruits of Solanum torvum SWARTZ and their chemical structures have been characterized based on the spectroscopic means. They are worth of note as rare 22-β-O-spirostanol glycosides.
Social Attitudes on Gender Equality and Firms' Discriminatory Pay-Setting

We analyze the relationship between social attitudes on gender equality and firms' pay-setting behavior by combining information about regional votes relative to gender equality laws with a large data set of multi-branch firms and workers. The results show that multi-branch firms pay more discriminatory wages in branches located in regions with a higher social acceptance of gender inequality than in branches located in regions with a lower acceptance. The results are similar for different subsamples of workers, and we cannot find evidence that regional differences in social attitudes influence how firms assign women and men to jobs and occupations. The investigation of a subsample of performance pay workers for whom we are able to observe their time-based and performance pay component separately shows that social attitudes on gender equality only influence the time-based pay component but not the performance pay component of the same workers. Because regional-specific productivity differences should influence the workers' performance pay and time-based pay, unobserved gender-specific productivity differences are not likely to explain the regional variation in within firm gender pay gaps. The results support theories and previous evidence showing that social attitudes influence gender pay gaps in the long run.
On some permutable products of supersoluble groups

It is well known that a group G = AB which is the product of two supersoluble subgroups A and B is not supersoluble in general. Under suitable permutability conditions on A and B, we show that for any minimal normal subgroup N both AN and BN are supersoluble. We then exploit this to establish some sufficient conditions for G to be supersoluble.
Aluminium and Other Metals May Pose a Risk to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Biochemical and Behavioural Impairments

Recent studies have shown that some toxic metals have been associated with neurological diseases. The binding and transport of these metals in the blood may occur by species of High Molecular Mass (HMM) and Low Molecular Weight Species (LMM) of proteins. These main species are known to be responsible for aluminum transporting is the case of transferrin and citrate. It seems that autistic children may have a genetic predisposition to accumulate large amounts of metals as it is has been proposed. This study seeks to understand the toxic mechanism of selected metals in autistic children and its correlation with the psycho-metabolic implications of the syndrome. Preliminary results have indicated that some metals such as chromium, arsenic and particularly aluminum were elevated in the blood of an autistic child, as compared to reference values of a normal child. A case-control study is under investigation. Furthermore, the consequences of the disease, as such the difficulties in socialization and language skill disabilities may also be related to the burden of toxic metals in general, particularly aluminum.
Power Allocation In Cooperative Relay Channels

Manuscript Received 7-August-2012 and Revised 13-April-2013 ISSN 2322-3936 Accepted on 15May-2013 Abstract— This paper concerns power allocation in relay-assisted wireless channels for two-hop transmission. First, the transmitter sends the information to both the relay and receiver parts. Next, in the second hop, the transmitter cooperates with the relay to increase the received signal to noise ratio (SNR), assuming the relay makes use of the Amplify and Forward (AF) strategy. Moreover, it is assumed a linear combiner is employed at the receiver to effectively combine the received signals of two hops. In this regard, under total transmit power constraint, an iterative power allocation strategy together with a proper combining method is proposed, showing the proposed approach achieves a comparable SNR as compared to the best known methods addressed in the literature, while having much lower complexity.
Quasi-neutralization of stress contrasts in Spanish

We investigate the realization and discrimination of lexical stress contrasts in pitch-unaccented words in phrase-medial position in Spanish, a context in which intonational pitch accents are frequently absent. Results from production and perception experiments show that in this context durational and intensity cues to stress are produced by speakers and used by listeners above chance level. However, due to substantial amounts of phonetic overlap between stress categories in production, and of numerous errors in the identification of stress categories in perception, we suggest that, in the absence of intonational cues, Spanish speakers engaged in online language use must rely on contextual information in order to distinguish stress contrasts.
Human capital development strategy on go-public manufacturing companies in Indonesia

This study analyzes the development of human capital strategy in go-public manufactur-ing companies, examining the several effects of variables, and also the effect of interven-ing variables on the development of human capital. The population consists of 151 go-public manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange. The purposive sampling method was used and 12 companies were taken in which 10 of respondents from each company consisting of managers and staff, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It shows that the first, the external environment has positive and significant effect on the planning and management of human resources, education and training, and the development of human capital, but has no significant effect on improving employees, employee performance and recognition, and employee satisfaction. Second, the internal environment has a positive and significant impact on the planning and management of human resources, employee improvement, education and training, employee performance and recognition, employee satisfaction, and the development of human capital. Third, planning and human resource management, employee improve-ment, education and training, employee performance and recognition, and employee satisfaction have a significant and positive effect on the development of human capital.
Summarization, Notetaking, and Mapping Techniques: Lessons for L2 Reading Instruction.

A review of literature on learning strategy instruction in first and second languages focuses on the strategies of summarization, notetaking, and cognitive mapping techniques aimed at improving students' reading comprehension skills. The literature suggests that summarization is a technique that can be taught, and because it appears to be developmental, it will be most effective with older students. In addition, it could contribute to comprehension of both content and text organization in the second language. Training in notetaking has also been shown to have positive results, but to be effective, it must include sufficient modeling and practice. It may also be especially helpful for second-language students in content-area instruction. Mapping was found to be an excellent technique for classroom instruction, consistently improving reading comprehension. It is noted that individual differences in thinking and learning should be taken into account when presenting this technique. Contextualized instruction, extensive practice, and feedback are seen as essential elements for instructional effectiveness. Contains 28 references. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Summarization, Notetaking, and Mapping Techniques: Lesson for L2 Reading Instruction
Evaluating Impacts of Watershed Development Program on Agricultural Productivity , Income , and Livelihood in Bhalki Watershed of Bardhaman District , West Bengal

— Watershed development facilitates in reducing the vulnerability of farm income to weather-induced shocks in rain-fed lands in India. The present paper estimates homogeneous as well as non-homogeneous effects of watershed development on farmers demonstrating a huge discrepancy in estimated values between two. It shows that initial differences in resource endowments, access to formal credit, education level, and caste membership can result in inequalities in the impact of watershed development programs on targeted parameters. The analysis also establishes the sensitivity of the estimates to the general level of multivariate imbalance as well as univariate imbalance in confounding covariates. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assessment of amino acid in hypertensive patients.

Introduction: Hypertension is a global disease and in 95% of cases the cause is unidentified. Its early diagnosis and management can block severe complications such as ischemic heart disease (IHD). Moreover the combination of lipids with IHD is important fact. Despite that abnormally high levels of amino acid (homocysteine) were detect to be strongly connected to a raise hazard of coronary artery disease. Objectives: To assess plasma homocysteine strengths level in patients having hypertension was on treatment. Methods: Plasma homocysteine strengthens were calculated using High Presentation Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Ultraviolet finder in 60 hypertensive patients samples (27 male and 33 female) aged 35 years and more. VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Cholesterol and triglyceride were resolved. The frequency of high total homocysteine rates were resolved by contrast with usual indications. Results: Plasma homocysteine grade were greatly higher in sick than in typical population. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride strengths were also greatly above in patients than in typical population with no link to the grade of homocysteine which is considered as a certain detached heart risk factor. Conclusions: The study concludes that plasma homocysteine grades were noticeably uppermost in patients than in control groups. No significant variation observed among male and female patients.
Improving Quality and Extending Shelf Life of Intact and Minimally Fresh Processed Kohlrabi

In recent years the increased demand of kohlrabi from European Nordic countries has induced an expansion of their cultivated area in Spain. Commonly, at the retail sale level kohlrabi stems are mainly commercialized in ambient air under non-refrigerated conditions. For that reason, weight loss, development of diseases, and an increase in toughening are the most important causes of kohlrabi deterioration. The storage life of kohlrabi stems stored with leaves is only 2 weeks at 0oC and 95% relative humidity (RH). Nevertheless, when the stems are stored without leaves the storage life could be prolonged up to 2 months at 0oC and 95% RH. On the other hand, the minimal fresh processing of kohlrabi stems to produce ready-to-eat slices, dices and sticks increases the deterioration rate. The use of controlled and modified atmospheres (CA and MA) benefits the overall quality and shelf life of whole intact and minimally fresh processed or freshcut kohlrabi, mainly by reducing water loss, the respiration rate and the ethylene production, retarding microbial growth and decay, and inhibiting some disorders like enzymatic browning. According to our studies the range of 2 to 5 kPa O2 combined with 5 to 20 kPa CO2 at 0 to 5oC and 95% RH are the most appropriate conditions for lowering the metabolic activity and microbial growth. This review describes the effect of low O2 combined with different CO2 levels on the respiration rate, ethylene production, sugars and organic acids content, microbial growth, physiological disorders and shelf life of intact and minimally fresh processed kohlrabi.
Effect of dietary level of maize- and rye distiller dried grains with solubles on nutrient utilization and digesta viscosity in laying hens

An experiment on 55 Lohman Brown hens examined the effect of different dietary levels of maize- and rye distillers dried grains with solubles (mDDGS and rDDGS, respectively) on nutrient digestibility, content of metabolizable energy in the diet and balance of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc. Experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and contained 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% mDDGS or rDDGS. Diets with 20% mDDGS or rDDGS were also supplemented with NSPhydrolysing enzymes. It was found that 5, 10 or 15% mDDGS in a diet had no effect on apparent digestibility of nutrients, dietary metabolizable energy content, or balance of N, Ca and Zn; 20% mDDGS decreased the digestibility of crude fat and lowered the level of metabolizable energy in the diet, whereas 15 or 20% rDDGS negatively affected organic matter and crude fat digestibility and the dietary metabolizable energy level. A 15 or 20% inclusion of mDDGS or rDDGS had, however, a positive effect on phosphorus balance. Addition of feed enzymes increased nutrient utilization in diets containing 20% DDGS.
Ultrastructural changes in the gills of a cyprinid fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) through scanning electron microscopy after exposure to Lead Nitrate (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Labeo rohita fingerlings were reared in freshwater and exposed to different concentrations of Lead Nitrate. After the exposure, one fish was sacrificed from each dose and the gill arches were removed. The ultrastructural changes on the gills of this cyprinid fish were investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Lead treated gill tissues showed certain marked changes such as uplifting, hyperplasia and fusion of the secondary lamellae, swollen and distorted pavement cells, broken and swollen microridges, broken tips and upliftment of gill rakers, cellular extrusions, heavy exudation of mucous, disorganisation of secondary lamellae, etc. The changes were more rapid and intensive at higher concentrations as compared to lower concentration revealing that the alterations caused in the tissues of gills are highly dose dependent.
Wage inequality and performance in nonprofit and for-profit organizations

This article examines the effects of several forms of wage inequality on service quality and employee effort. We suggest that two popular theories, tournament and fair wage/equity, are not necessarily competing. Each theory accurately describes aspects of employee behavior, but because of sectoral differences in organizational objectives and employee attitudes, tournament theory’s predictions are relatively stronger in the for-profit sector, while fair wage/equity theory’s predictions are relatively stronger in the nonprofit sector. Using an employer–employee matched data set of nursing homes linked to a federal regulatory database and a resident survey, we found that ownership moderates the relationship between wage inequality and service quality. Although wage inequality positively affects service quality in the for-profit sector, the reverse is true among nonprofit organizations. We also found that overall wage inequality in the workplace has a more pronounced influence on employee discretionary effort than does the employee’s place in the distribution of wages.
Seasonal variations of the upper ocean salinity stratification in the Tropics

In comparison to the deep ocean, the upper mixed layer is a region typically characterized by substantial vertical gradients in water properties. Within the Tropics, the rich variability in the vertical shapes and forms that these structures can assume through variation in the atmospheric forcing results in a differential effect in terms of the temperature and salinity stratification. Rather than focusing on the strong halocline above the thermocline, commonly referred to as the salinity barrier layer, the present study takes into account the respective thermal and saline dependencies in the Brunt-V¤ais¤al¤a frequency (N2) in order to isolate the specific role of the salinity stratification in the layers above the main pycnocline. We examine daily vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from an ocean reanalysis over the period 2001-2007. We find significant seasonal variations in the Brunt-V¤ais¤al¤a frequency profiles are limited to the upper 300 m depth. Based on this, we determine the ocean salinity stratification (OSS) to be defined as the stabilizing effect (positive values) due to the haline part of N2 averaged over the upper 300 m. In many regions of the tropics, the OSS contributes 40-50% to N2 as compared to the thermal stratification and, in some specific regions, exceeds it for a few months of the seasonal cycle. Away from the tropics, for example, near the centers of action of the subtropical gyres, there are regions characterized by the permanent absence of OSS. In other regions previously characterized with salinity barrier layers, the OSS obviously shares some common variations; however, we show that where temperature and salinity are mixed over the same depth, the salinity stratification can be significant. In addition, relationships between the OSS and the sea surface salinity are shown to be well defined and quasilinear in the tropics, providing some indication that in the future, analyses that consider both satellite surface salinity measurements at the surface and vertical profiles at depth will result in a better determination of the role of the salinity stratification in climate prediction systems.
Entrepreneurs' learning preferences: A guide for entrepreneurship education

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to determine guidelines for effective entrepreneurship education and training, focusing on the development of entrepreneurial skills, based on what successful, established entrepreneurs look like, how they operate and their learning and thinking preferences. Problem investigated: Entrepreneurial skills training is the difficult part of teaching entrepreneurship and is different from teaching functional and managerial skills related to entrepreneurship. The problem is that training and education focuses primarily on the management and functional business training of entrepreneurs and very seldom on the entrepreneurial skills. This study focuses on the much neglected second leg of entrepreneurship training, as most entrepreneurship programmes focus on the first leg, namely business planning and functions and management skills. Design/methodology/approach: This is a formal and exploratory study. Two measurement instruments (Schein Career Orientations Inventory and the Neethling Brain Instrument) were used and completed by a sample of 50 entrepreneurs of the identified population. The paper address the entrepreneurship education needs as determined by the learning preferences of entrepreneurs. Findings: The research indicated that all the essential entrepreneurial skills are seldom addressed in entrepreneurial training. The entrepreneurial skills that need to be incorporated in these programmes are self-concept, creativity and innovation, risk orientation, good human relations; perseverance and a positive attitude. The research also revealed that entrepreneurs have different learning preferences from other students / learners and this should be taken into consideration in the design of entrepreneurial curricula. Value of research: The paper assist curriculum developers of entrepreneurship education programmes to better align their content to the entrepreneurial skills identified by successful entrepreneurs that need to be developed, and to conduct entrepreneurship education according to the learning preferences of entrepreneurs. Conclusion: The application of the Garavan and O'Cinneide model regarding the methodology in the education of entrepreneurs can therefore be confirmed and recommended. The results of the career anchor and brain instruments indicate the importance of entrepreneurial skills-training and include training in the following areas : self concept; creativity and innovation; risk orientation; good human relations, perseverance and positive attitude.
Identification of Carotenoids in Halimeda macroloba Reef Associated Bacteria

Several carotenoid pigments which are produced by sea microorganisms are shown to function as antimicrobe compounds and potential antioxidants. Coral reefs with high levels of diverse biota facilitate Halimeda as a primary component and producer to have associated bacteria that produce relatively unknown metabolic compounds. This research attempts to isolate bacteria that are associated with Halimeda macroloba, identify it, as well as analyze the pigment content produced. A yellow-orange bacteria colony is successfully isolated and given the temporary name MK_HM. This bacteria is in the shape of circular (oval) rods and are gram-variable bacteria. Based on the sequencing analytical results, Blast homology, as well as a phylogenetic analysis, it shows that the bacteria have a relationship with Exiguobacterium aestuarii TF-16 at 94%, so that it can be strongly predicted that the MK_HM strain is a new species. This pigment analysis, which is conducted on the Exiguobacterium sp. MK_HM bacteria extract, reveals that this strain produces carotenoid pigments of diadinochrome, semi-α-carotenone, dinoxanthin, and P457. Keywords: Exiguobacterium, carotenoid, diadinochrome, semi-α-carotenone, dinoxanthin, and P457.