Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defining e-Governance

This article sets out to establish a definition of the term ‘e-governance” and suggests that not only is e-governance distinct from e-government, but that this distinction is important to scholarship and practice and that important differences exist between e-governance and traditional concepts of public governance. In order to establish a definition of e-governance, a conceptualization of public sector governance which differentiates between structural and normative governance is proposed. The influence of ICT on each of these forms of governance is then examined using a number of examples. It is argued that while ICT has little effect on some aspects of governance, it has a considerable impact on others.
Instant Messaging in distance education

Instant messaging has become widely used in many instances. The concept of synchronous communication changed the terms of communication in distance education. This paper aims to achieve a deeper understanding of the current status of communication in distance education, additionally, to explore the usability of IM features in the e-learning process. Five interviews and a questionnaire investigation have been conducted with both experienced teachers and students. The presented data illustrate that IM has become an effective approach which improves communication efficiency of distance education, but its evolution is restricted by the inherent properties of distance education. We also extended the technology acceptance model by an integration of three theories which are media richness, flow and effective communication. And this extension is utilized for evaluating the relationship between communication efficiency and four unaided IM features: instant message, VOIP, video conference and file transfer. The results show that IM features can improve the efficiency of communication in distance education. Also the results indicate the limitation of our research model, which will implicate the direction of our future study.
Local visual query expansion: Exploiting an image collection to refine local descriptors

This paper proposes a query expansion technique for image search that is faster and more precise than the existing ones. An enriched representation of the query is obtained by exploiting the binary representation offered by the Hamming Embedding image matching approach: The initial local descriptors are refined by aggregating those of the database, while new descriptors are produced from the images that are deemed relevant. This approach has two computational advantages over other query expansion techniques. First, the size of the enriched representation is comparable to that of the initial query. Second, the technique is effective even without using any geometry, in which case searching a database comprising 105k images typically takes 79 ms on a desktop machine. Overall, our technique significantly outperforms the visual query expansion state of the art on popular benchmarks. It is also the first query expansion technique shown effective on the UKB benchmark, which has few relevant images per query.
Sigma delta analog to digital converters with adaptive quantization

The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of conventional sigma delta analog to digital converter (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/ADC) reduces with input signal strength. The existing concept of adaptive quantization is applied to the design of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ADCs to improve SNR in situations involving nonstationary signals with a high dynamic range. An adaptive algorithm that is suited particularly well to analog to digital converters and that can be implemented using little additional circuitry is proposed. Simulation results indicate that SNR can be made nearly independent of the signal strength, as expected.
The importance of structuring information and resources within shared workspaces during collaborative design learning

This paper investigates how the organization or structure of information and resources in shared workspaces influences team sharing and design learning. Two groupware products, BSCW and TikiWiki, were configured so that teams could structure and share resources. In BSCW the resources were structured hierarchically using folders and subfolders whereas in TikiWiki resources were structured using interlinked wiki pages (like web pages). The results showed that the groupware technology used, the collaborative task set and opportunities to reflect all influenced the way teams structured resources and that well‐structured resources facilitated team collaboration and design learning. The discussion focuses on the need to help students develop information literacy skills and on why asking students to structure resources might help develop their design expertise.
COMPARING STUDENT PERFORMANCE: ONLINE VERSUS BLENDED VERSUS FACE-TO-FACE

The purpose of this research was to perform a three way comparison of delivery modes for an introductory Management Information Systems course to determine if there existed a difference in student success among the delivery modes. The research compares student exam and final grade results in this class that was taught by the same instructor using face-to-face, blended and online delivery modes. An Analysis of Variance test was used on the exam and final grade data to determine if a significant difference existed. Additionally, a discussion of this class in relation to student satisfaction, learning effectiveness and faculty satisfaction is presented. This research demonstrates that there is no significant difference among delivery modes. Additionally, blended and online modes for this class do very well when measuring student satisfaction, learning effectiveness and faculty satisfaction.
Opportunities for Professional Learning in Mathematics Teacher Workgroup Conversations: Relationships to Instructional Expertise

Increasingly, instructional improvement efforts include teacher communities as part of their overall strategy, yet the relationship between teachers’ talk and professional learning remains underspecified. Using a discourse perspective on learning, this article compares opportunities to learn (OTLs) in the collaborative conversations of 3 mathematics teacher workgroups. We examined the differences in OTLs in 17 hr of videotaped meetings from 3 groups at different levels of instructional accomplishment in secondary mathematics. Using mixed methods, we uncovered differences in the groups’ interactions and found that OTLs were not equally distributed. Instead, teacher groups whose active participants demonstrated the greatest facility with ambitious instruction also had the richest conversational OTLs. We interpret this as an accumulated advantage developmental story: Because collaborative work in teaching involves problem posing and the articulation of practice, teachers’ conceptions get built into the framing and discussion of pedagogical problems. Accomplished teachers are thus positioned to learn more from talking with colleagues. This analysis contributes to understanding of how OTLs are constituted in teacher workgroups, with implications for making better use of teacher collaboration for professional learning.
Millimeter‐wave AlGaAs/InGaAs heterojunction finite‐element monolithic microwave integrated circuit oscillators

V-band and Ka-band oscillators have been developed using monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The active elements employed are AlGaAs/InGaAs heterojunction finite element transmitters (FETs) with a 0.15-μm T-shaped gate. The oscillators were designed with a series feedback circuit with capacitive stubs at the FET source side for generating negative resistance and a resonance circuit at the gate side. MMIC prototypes have power outputs of 4.5 dBm for a V-band oscillator (fosc = 50.5 GHz) and 6.7 dBm for a Ka-band oscillator (fosc = 30.6 GHz). The phase noise for the V-band oscillator is -97 dBc/Hz (1 MHz off-carrier), which is relatively small for a free-running oscillator.
Reducing RbcS Expression by RNAi Technology Causes Diverse Responses to Nematode in Wheat

The reaction of four wheat RbcS RNAi mutants and wild type to the infection of M. incognita was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment using plant growth parameters as well as nematode reproduction. Obtained results revealed that all estimated growth parameters of lines under study were reduced by M. incognita infection to various extents. RSS13.2 line showed the highest percentage of reduction of plant total fresh weight, length, and shoot dry weight. It did act as good host for root-knot nematode; therefore, it was classified as susceptible host. In addition, the lowest reduction percentage of fresh and dry weights was observed in RSS8.5 line although it showed high values for nematode development and reproduction parameters; therefore, it seemed to be as a tolerant host. The maximum reduction in chlorophyll content was recorded in RSS7.6 line, whereas, the minimum was obtained from RSS11.5 line. It was evident that none of the five tested wheat lines was immune to M. incognita infection. The lowest numbers of second stage juveniles, galls, and egg-masses were observed in soil and on roots of RSS11.5 line although its plant growth was slightly affected; therefore, it is considered as partially resistant line. It could be concluded from the results of this study that, RNAi mutants of the RbcS were partially effective in suppressing root-knot nematode development. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers
APPLICATION OF THE DELTA DEBUGGING ALGORITHM TO FINE-GRAINED AUTOMATED LOCALIZATION OF REGRESSION FAULTS IN JAVA PROGRAMS

syntax trees are a common form of representing structure of computer programs. In computer science literature, they are often contrasted with concrete syntax trees, otherwise called parse trees. The difference between the two is that parse tree reflects the exact syntactic structure of a program written in a language according to its context-free grammar [27], whether abstract syntax tree enables a more succinct view on the structure, in a way that simplifies conducting program analysis and perform program transformation [28]. Probably the most well-known application of abstract syntax trees is compilers; however, it is not the way of usage we are mainly interested in for the purpose of this work. Abstract syntax tree differencing, or AST differencing, is a compelling idea that began to evolve in the early 2000s. As the name implies, it is a procedure that computes the difference between ASTs of two versions of the same program. Output produced by this procedure is commonly called an edit script; in essence, it is a sequence of edit actions made to the first AST in order to obtain the second one. The eventual goal is to reflect the actual change made by developer as clearly as possible; therefore, the existing tree differencing realizations strive to find a minimal edit script. Unlike its textual counterpart, most notably represented by Myers algorithm [29], tree differencing works at a considerably higher level of granularity than a whole text line and is able to deal not only with insert and delete edit actions, but also with updates and moves. The latter makes AST differencing irreplaceable for analyzing just source code changes, since refactorings involving moving of statements naturally occur in the course of software evolution. Besides, being inherently a structure-centric method, treesyntax tree differencing, or AST differencing, is a compelling idea that began to evolve in the early 2000s. As the name implies, it is a procedure that computes the difference between ASTs of two versions of the same program. Output produced by this procedure is commonly called an edit script; in essence, it is a sequence of edit actions made to the first AST in order to obtain the second one. The eventual goal is to reflect the actual change made by developer as clearly as possible; therefore, the existing tree differencing realizations strive to find a minimal edit script. Unlike its textual counterpart, most notably represented by Myers algorithm [29], tree differencing works at a considerably higher level of granularity than a whole text line and is able to deal not only with insert and delete edit actions, but also with updates and moves. The latter makes AST differencing irreplaceable for analyzing just source code changes, since refactorings involving moving of statements naturally occur in the course of software evolution. Besides, being inherently a structure-centric method, tree
The use of analyst-user cognitive style differentials to predict aspects of user satisfaction with information systems

This study was primarily an empirical investigation in the field of Information Systems (IS) and the related fields of occupational psychology and management. It focussed specifically on the concept of user satisfaction, the construct of cognitive style as applied to users and systems analysts, and their interrelationships. Prior studies were found rarely to investigate the changes in user satisfaction during system usage. Further, any reference to cognitive style in the IS literature proved to be sparse, open to question and discouraging in terms of its value. By developing and using a new instrument, the System Satisfaction Schedule, or SSS, the present study was able empirically to demonstrate clear patterns of changing user satisfaction during system usage. These were demonstrated, both as a general trend and in terms of its relationship to the cognitive styles of the key players (analyst and user) involved in system development and maintenance. Cognitive style was measured using Kirton’s Adaption-innovation Inventory, or KAI. This study was thus able to suggest new rules for system development based on the assessments of the cognitive styles of both users and systems analysts. These rules focussed primarily on simple team choice: which analyst to put with which user. However, inferences for larger system development teams were drawn and suggestions for further research duly made. The present study thus also contributes to the successful practice of system development. To give effect to the above, this study set out to investigate empirically the way user satisfaction changes over 11⁄2 to 2 years of system usage and, as mentioned above, the way user satisfaction is impacted by the cognitive styles of the user and the systems analyst. Most significantly, relationships were studied between user satisfaction and the difference in cognitive style between the analyst and user. It was found that user satisfaction generally rises linearly with usage, and that while the size of the analystuser cognitive differential does negatively impact user satisfaction over most of the time of system use, this effect is only particularly strong for two short periods; one within the first four months of usage and the other in the last three. From these results the new rules for system development mentioned above, followed. In terms of
Finite Sample Properties of Bootstrap GMM for Nonlinear Conditional Moment Models

We investigate the finite sample performance of block bootstrap tests for over-identification (J test) for nonlinear conditional models estimated using Generalized Methods of Moment (GMM). Overall, block bootstrap methods with fixed length blocks outperform the stationary bootstrap which uses a random block length. Randomizing the block length decreases the sensitivity of the distribution of the bootstrap J test and GMM estimators to the choice of the block size. This sensitivity diminishes with the degree of nonlinearity of the conditional moments. In addition, the accuracy of the block bootstrap approximation diminishes as the dimensionality of the joint test increases, especially in the tails of the distribution of the J test.
Changes in Fruit Quality Attributes of Ambient and Low Temperature Stored ‘ ‘ Kinnow Mandarin ’ ’ with Respect to Geographic Locality

Two separate studies were conducted to compare and evaluate the storability/shipping potential and fruit quality of ‘‘Kinnow’’ mandarin fruit, harvested from four districts [Sargodha (SGD), Khanewal (KHW) Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari (VHR)] of Punjab province, Pakistan. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and evaluated for physico-chemical quality under ambient storage conditions (25±1°C; 60-65% relative humidity/RH) for seven days and cold storage conditions [4±1°C; 8590% RH] for thirty and sixty days. Under ambient shelf storage, peel color was improved while decrease in peel smoothness and fruit weight was observed in all districts after shelf storage. Moreover, fruit harvested from SGD had higher fruit firmness and juice contents while weight loss was significantly higher in fruits harvested from KHW as compared to other three districts. Total soluble solids/TSS, TSS/TA (titratable acidity) ratio and vitamin C increased in fruits harvested from VHR and TTS after shelf storage. Under cold storage conditions, fruits harvested from TTS and VHR exhibited higher TSS, TSS/TA ratio, acidity and vitamin C after 2 removals (60 days of cold storage). However, fruit samples of SGD showed higher juice contents after 1 and 2 removal while fruit firmness was significantly higher in fruits from VHR after 2 removal. No symptoms of chilling injury (CI) were observed after 1 removal; however, it was found in samples only from KHW and VHR after 2 removal. Total phenolic content (TCP) were improved with increase in storage period while antioxidants activity showed non-significant response. In conclusion, fruits harvested from VHR and TTS observed better fruit quality during ambient, and cold storage conditions; and therefore fruits harvested from these two districts showed good potentail for export purpose beside SGD. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers
The Conditional CAPM with Estimation-risk and Learning : Theory and Evidence 1

We derive  and test the empirical implications of  the conditional CAPM as a security market equilibrium when returns are multi-variate normal, but investors face estimation-risk with respect to the mean returns and learn in a Bayes-rational manner from a sequence of noisy signals of uncertain precision. The conditional CAPM augments the standard CAPM so that the expected return of assets is driven not only by their intrinsic market-risk, but also by their sensitivity to the estimation-risk on the market portfolio. Our empirical tests nd that innovations in market volatility, the rms publicly traded age, and innovations in the dispersion in analyst forecasts at the rm-level explain the cross-section of average returns  in the direction predicted by the theory  even after controlling for size, book-to-market equity, market beta, and momentum. Our model also predicts that corporate events or disclosures will have announcement e¤ects because of changes in the required rate of return  due to event-induced e¤ects on estimation-risk  rather than revisions in expected cash ows; we nd empirical support for this prediction, as well.
Reduction of Energy Consumption by Optimized Robot Cell Design

This paper presents an approach to reduce the energy consumption of industrial robots by optimizing the position of the robot base platform. The approach utilizes a comprehensive energy model for electrical drive systems with DC-bus coupling. The position is optimized for a predefined task in terms of energy consumption and the energy saving potential is analyzed. The results are compared to existing approaches that do not consider the DC-bus energy exchange and it is shown that the utilization of a comprehensive model helps in further improving the energy efficiency. The impact of the base position on the energy consumption is examined by varying the position in a discrete grid. The optimization takes kinematic and dynamic boundaries into account.
THE EFFECT OF ADDITION BEE POLLEN TO FEED MIXTURES ON INTERNAL FAT OF BROILER ROSS 308

The aim of the study was to investigate to the influences of addition bee pollen with different levels on internal fat of broiler chicken Ross 308. In the experiment were added bee pollen extract (group E1 400mg. kg and group E2 800 mg. kg) in feed mixtures for feeding broiler chickens Ross 308 in 42 days which were divided according to the gender. The experiment enrolled 60 pieces of one day-old chicks, and then were created 3 groups: control (C) and experimental (E1, E2) groups each group have 10 pieces of chicks. The carcass body weight on both gender (female, male) were little bit higher in control group (♀-1573.2 g, ♂-1605.4 g) than experiment groups E1 (♀-1510.4 g, ♂1646.4 g), E2 (♀-1599.2 g, ♂-1679.4 g) and there was significant different (P ≤ 0.05) between (E1) and (E2) in female group but there no significant different in male group. The study shown that the proportion of total internal fat in female groups to carcass were little bit higher in control group (2.64 %) than experiment groups E1 (2.30%), E2 (2.33%) but the proportion of the total internal fat to carcass BW in male group were a lower in control group (2.03%) than E1(2.13%), E2 (2.29%), there was significant different (P ≤ 0.05) between (E1) and (E2) in proportion of gastric to carcass body weight.
Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Carbon Mineralization of Different Grain Size Components in Paddy Soils from Yellow Earth

Organic carbon in different soil components shows different fertility and bioavailability because of the difference in its stability. Studying the mineralization difference of organic carbon in soil components under long-term fertilization can provide basis for understanding soil components stability and carbon cycle theory. Organic carbon with different particle size components as an important medium in the formation process of humu, which strength of carbon sequestration capacity directly affects the difference of carbon storage. Therefore, the definition of the stability of different components organic carbon will inevitably enrich the mechanism of organic carbon in the whole soil. In this paper, the mineralization characteristics of coarse particle component (250-2000 μm), microaggregate component (53-250 μm) and clay particles (<53 μm) under different treatment (no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), organic fertilizer (M) and constant organic-inorganic fertilizer (MNPK)) were studied by indoor simulated culture test, and potential mineralizable organic carbon and turnover rate were calculated using the first-order kinetic equation. The results showed that the content of organic carbon and potential mineralizable organic carbon were the highest in coarse particle components and the lowest in clay particle components under different fertilization treatments. Organic fertilizer treatment (M and MNPK) significantly increased its content. The trend of organic carbon mineralization rate was the same, which can be divided into rapid mineralization on 3-12 day and slow mineralization on 12-30 day. The release intensity of organic carbon accumulation mineralization decreased with the extension of culture time. The cumulative mineralization rate of organic carbon in all soil components decreased more in organic fertilizer treatment than CK treatment, which was 0.47-0.15 percentage points and decreased with the decreasing fraction. Overall results suggested that the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil components were mainly manifested on larger fraction components. Organic fertilizer can be used as a better choice for carbon storage management and the carbon sequestration capacity of different components increases with the decrease of particle size, and this study can provide an important basis for the soil fertility of yellow paddy fields. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers