Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CACHD1 is an α2δ-Like Protein That Modulates CaV3 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Activity

The putative cache (Ca2+ channel and chemotaxis receptor) domain containing 1 (CACHD1) protein has predicted structural similarities to members of the α2δ voltage-gated Ca2+ channel auxiliary subunit family. CACHD1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the male mammalian CNS, in particular in the thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum, with a broadly similar tissue distribution to CaV3 subunits, in particular CaV3.1. In expression studies, CACHD1 increased cell-surface localization of CaV3.1, and these proteins were in close proximity at the cell surface, consistent with the formation of CACHD1-CaV3.1 complexes. In functional electrophysiological studies, coexpression of human CACHD1 with CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 caused a significant increase in peak current density and corresponding increases in maximal conductance. By contrast, α2δ-1 had no effect on peak current density or maximal conductance in CaV3.1, CaV3.2, or CaV3.3. A comparison of CACHD1-mediated increases in CaV3.1 current density and gating currents revealed an increase in channel open probability. In hippocampal neurons from male and female embryonic day 19 rats, CACHD1 overexpression increased CaV3-mediated action potential firing frequency and neuronal excitability. These data suggest that CACHD1 is structurally an α2δ-like protein that functionally modulates CaV3 voltage-gated calcium channel activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first study to characterize the Ca2+ channel and chemotaxis receptor domain containing 1 (CACHD1) protein. CACHD1 is widely expressed in the CNS, in particular in the thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. CACHD1 distribution is similar to that of low voltage-activated (CaV3, T-type) calcium channels, in particular to CaV3.1, a protein that regulates neuronal excitability and is a potential therapeutic target in conditions such as epilepsy and pain. CACHD1 is structurally an α2δ-like protein that functionally increases CaV3 calcium current. CACHD1 increases the presence of CaV3.1 at the cell surface, forms complexes with CaV3.1 at the cell surface, and causes an increase in channel open probability. In hippocampal neurons, CACHD1 causes increases in neuronal firing. Thus, CACHD1 represents a novel protein that modulates CaV3 activity.
‘Indicatements’ that character language models learn English morpho-syntactic units and regularities

Character language models have access to surface morphological patterns, but it is not clear whether or how they learn abstract morphological regularities. We instrument a character language model with several probes, finding that it can develop a specific unit to identify word boundaries and, by extension, morpheme boundaries, which allows it to capture linguistic properties and regularities of these units. Our language model proves surprisingly good at identifying the selectional restrictions of English derivational morphemes, a task that requires both morphological and syntactic awareness. Thus we conclude that, when morphemes overlap extensively with the words of a language, a character language model can perform morphological abstraction.
Task-Oriented Visualization Approaches for Landscape and Urban Change Analysis

Approaches to landscape and urban change analysis are still far away from being fully automatic or operational. For this reason, the concept of Geovisual Analytics is proposed, combining computational and visual/manual processing steps. This contribution concentrates on the latter part with the overall goal of improving its usability. For this purpose, a classification of tasks is created, which often occur in the context of change analysis. This serves as the basis for the assignment of suitable map types to change processing results. Beyond this, it is pointed out that in many cases an appropriate pre-processing of data is imperative to preserve or enhance certain spatial relationships or characteristics for visualization. This is demonstrated using the example of data classification prior to choropleth mapping. Methods are described which allow the preservation of local extreme values, large value differences between adjacent polygons, clusters, and hot/cold spots. Finally, discussing future research and developments, it will be stressed that the importance of visual methods in the context of big data change analysis will continue to increase, which is due to the particular ability of maps to generalize and reduce complex data to a minimum.
Short-Term Trend Forecast of Different Traffic Pollutants in Minnesota Based on Spot Velocity Conversion

Because traffic pollution is a global problem, the prediction of traffic emissions and the analysis of their influencing factors is the key to adopting management and control measures to reduce traffic emissions. Hence, the evaluation of the actual level of traffic emissions has gained more interest. The Computer Program to calculate Emissions from Road Transport model (COPERT) is being downloaded by 100 users per month and is being used in a large number of applications. This paper uses this model to calculate short-term vehicle emissions. The difference from the traditional research was that the input velocity parameter was not the empirical value, but through reasonable conversion of the spot velocity at one point, obtained by the roadside detector, which provided new ideas for predicting traffic emissions by the COPERT model. The hybrid Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model was used to predict spot mean velocity, after converted it to the predicted interval velocity averaged for some period, input the conversion results and other parameters into the COPERT IV model to forecast short-term vehicle emissions. Six common emissions (CO, NOX, CO2, SO2, PM10, NMVOC) of four types of vehicles (PC, LDV, HDV, BUS) were discussed. As a result, PM10 emission estimates increased sharply during late peak hours (from 15:30 p.m.–18:00 p.m.), HDV contributed most of NOX and SO2, accounting for 39% and 45% respectively. Based on this prediction method, the average traffic emissions on the freeway reached a minimum when interval mean velocity reduced to 40 km/h–60 km/h. This paper establishes a bridge between the emissions and velocity of traffic flow and provides new ideas for forecasting traffic emissions. It is further inferred that the implementation of dynamic velocity guidance and vehicle differential management has a controlling effect that improves on road traffic pollution emissions.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Sequential Brentuximab Vedotin and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Chemotherapy for Older Patients With Untreated Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

PURPOSE To improve the curability of older patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter phase II study that administered brentuximab vedotin (Bv) sequentially before and after standard doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) for untreated patients with Hodgkin lymphoma age 60 years or older. After two lead-in doses of single-agent Bv (1.8 mg/kg once every 3 weeks), patients received six cycles of AVD chemotherapy followed by four consolidative doses of Bv in responding patients. RESULTS Patient characteristics included median age of 69 years (range, 60 to 88 years), 63% male, median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1, 81% stage III to IV disease, 60% International Prognostic Score 3 to 7, median Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric comorbidity score of 7 (52% grade 3 to 4); and 12% had loss of instrumental activities of daily living at diagnosis. Thirty-seven (77%) of 48 patients completed six cycles of AVD, and 35 patients (73%) received at least one Bv consolidation. Overall response and complete remission rates after initial Bv lead-in dose were 18 (82%) of 22 and 8 (36%) of 22, respectively, and 40 (95%) of 42 and 34 (90%) of 42, respectively, after six cycles of AVD among 42 response-evaluable patients. Twenty (42%) of 48 patients experienced a grade 3 to 4 adverse event, most commonly neutropenia (44%), febrile neutropenia and pneumonia (8%), or diarrhea (6%); 33% had grade 2 peripheral neuropathy, which was reversible in a majority of patients. By intent-to-treat, the 2-year event-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates were 80%, 84%, and 93%, respectively. Furthermore, 2-year progression-free survival rates for patients with a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric comorbidity score of ≥ 10 versus < 10 were 45% versus 100%, respectively (P < .001), and with baseline loss versus no loss of instrumental activities of daily living were 25% versus 94% (P < .001), respectively, the latter persisting on multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION Altogether, sequential Bv-AVD was well tolerated and was associated with robust outcomes. Furthermore, geriatric-based measures were strongly associated with patient survival.
Sleep Disturbance and Its Association with Gastrointestinal Symptoms/Diseases and Psychological Comorbidity

Background/Aims: We aimed to investigate gastrointestinal symptoms, clinical characteristics, and psychological factors in subjects with and without sleep disturbance (SD) in a health screening cohort. Methods: We enrolled 2,752 consecutive subjects during their health checkups. All participants underwent an evaluation with questionnaires. Demographic characteristics and biochemical data were recorded. SD was confirmed when Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was greater than 5. Results: Among the study population (n = 2,674), 956 (36%) individuals had SD. SD was associated with female gender, older age, lower level of education, higher systolic blood pressure, higher serum high-density lipoprotein levels and higher prevalence of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). SD subjects also had more depression, more anxiety, more severe gastrointestinal reflux disease symptoms and higher prevalence of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD; p < 0.001). SD was independently associated with female gender (OR 1.75, p < 0.001), older age (OR 1.03, p < 0.001), NERD (OR 1.88, p = 0.004), IBS (OR 1.51, p = 0.043), and depression (OR 1.16, p < 0.001) by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Future studies will be needed to clarify the interrelationships among SD, psychological stress, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
The clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic characteristics of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa in Northern Peninsular Malaysia: a multicenter study

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disorder of follicular occlusion, resulting in abscesses with tunnel formation and severe scarring. Our objectives were to identify the clinical patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among our HS patients and to determine the role of ultrasonography in the clinical assessment of HS.
Carbohydrate Knowledge and Expectations of Nutritional Support among Five Ethnic Groups Living in New Zealand with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study

Despite availability of diabetes and nutrition information for people with pre- and type 2 diabetes, the uptake and understanding of these resources may differ among ethnic groups. Our objective was to explore dietary knowledge and diabetes experiences amongst Māori, European, Pacific Island, Indian and East Asian people living in New Zealand with a focus on carbohydrate-containing foods. A registered diabetes dietitian led ethnic-specific discussions in groups involving 29 people with pre- or type 2 diabetes. Discussions were audio-recorded, fully transcribed and coded independently by two investigators. Themes were developed using deductive and inductive techniques. Five themes emerged: knowledge, concerns, achievements, simplicity and self-determination. Nutritional knowledge was lacking and a greater awareness of trustworthy dietary resources was needed. There were concerns about diabetes complications and appropriate carbohydrate-containing foods and portions. Contrary to this, people felt proud when achieving dietary goals and grateful for support from health care providers and family. Participants were willing to engage in self-care if advice from health professionals was given in plain language, and in a culturally appropriate manner. Given the desire to take an active role in diabetes self-management and willingness to use electronic devices, an ethnic-specific nutrition education resource could be a valuable tool.
Thirty-Day Outcomes Following Surgical Decompression of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Background: Surgical thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) management involves decompression of the neurovascular structures by releasing the anterior and/or middle scalene muscles, resection of the first and/or cervical ribs, or a combination. Various surgical approaches (transaxillary, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and transthoracic) have been used with varying rates of complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate early postoperative outcomes following surgical decompression for TOS. We hypothesized that first and/or cervical rib resection would be associated with increased 30-day complications and health care utilization. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was reviewed for all TOS cases of brachial plexus surgical decompression in the region of the thoracic inlet from 2005 to 2013. Results: There were 225 patients (68% females; mean age: 36.4 years ± 12.1; 26% body mass index [BMI] ⩾ 30). There were 205 (91%) patients who underwent first and/or cervical rib resection (±scalenectomy), and 20 (9%) underwent rib-sparing scalenectomy. Compared with rib-sparing scalenectomy, rib resection was associated with longer operative time and hospital stays (P < .001). In the 30 days postoperatively, 8 patients developed complications (rib-scalenectomy, n = 7). Only patients with rib resection returned to the operating room (n = 10) or were readmitted (n = 9). Conclusions: Early postoperative complications are infrequent after TOS decompression. Rib resection is associated with longer surgical times and hospital stays. Future studies are needed to assess the association between early and long-term outcomes, surgical procedure, and health care utilization to determine the cost-effectiveness of the various surgical interventions for TOS.
Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Stage I, High-Risk Histology or High-Grade Endometrial Cancer after Primary Staging Surgery: A Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group Study

To investigate the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in patients with stage I, high-risk endometrial cancer. Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, papillary serous, clear cell, or grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma treated between 2000 and 2012 were analyzed for the clinical and pathological factors in relation to prognosis. A total of 267 patients (stage IA; n = 175, stage IB; n = 92) were included. Among the clinicopathological features, stage and age were significant prognostic factors. The recurrence rate and overall survival for stage IB versus IA were 22.8% versus 9.1% (p = 0.003) and 149.7 months versus 201.8 months (p < 0.001), respectively. The patients >60 years of age also had a higher recurrence rate (21.7% versus 9.7%, p = 0.008) and poorer survival (102.0 months versus 196.8 months, p = 0.001) than those ≤60 years of age. Distant recurrence (64.9%) occurred more frequently than local recurrence (24.3%) and local combined with distant recurrence (10.8%) (p < 0.001). The postoperative treatment modality had no impact on tumor recurrence rate, recurrence site, or overall survival. Distant recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with stage I, high-risk endometrial cancer. However, current adjuvant treatment appeared to have little effect in preventing its occurrence.
Network-Decomposed Hierarchical Cooperation in Ad Hoc Networks With Social Relationships

In this paper, we introduce a <italic>network-decomposed</italic> hierarchical cooperation (HC) protocol and completely characterize the corresponding throughput–delay tradeoff for a large wireless ad hoc network formed in the context of <italic>social relationships</italic>. Instead of randomly picking source–destination pairings, we first consider a distance-based social formation model characterized by the social group density <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the number of social contacts per node <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> where the probability that any two nodes in distance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> away from each other are socially connected is assumed to be proportional to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d^{-\gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is a feasible scenario. Then, using muiltihop and network-decomposed HC protocols under our social formation model, we analyze a generalized throughput–delay tradeoff according to the operating regimes with respect to parameters <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in both a dense network of unit area and an extended network of unit node density via a non-straightforward network transformation strategy. Our main results reveal that as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases, performance on the throughput–delay tradeoff can remarkably be improved, compared to the network case with no social relationships. It is also shown that in the dense network, the network-decomposed HC protocol always outperforms the multihop protocol, while the superiority of the network-decomposed HC depends on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the path-loss exponent in the extended network.
In vitro kinetics and inhibition of krait snake’s venom acetylcholinesterase by Calligonum polygonoides extract in relation to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Objective(s): The objective of this study was to evaluate pharmacological effect of Calligonum polygonoides against Krait snake’s venom acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and to extent it for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and Methods: Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured using Ellman method with some modification. The kinetic studies of methanolic extract of C. polygonoides against krait (Bungarus Sindanus) snake venom AChE was measured with the help of the Lineweaver Burk double reciprocal plot. Results: Statistical data of the results showed that C. polygonoides extract inhibited the krait venom AChE in concentration dependent manner. Kinetic analysis using Line weaver Burk plot revealed that C. polygonoides caused mixed type of inhibition i.e. km value increased (25-106.6%) while Vmax decreased from 15 to 50% with an increase of C. polygonoides extract concentrations (100-300 µg/ml). The calculated IC50 value of C. polygonoides was found to be 250 µg/ml. Conclusion: C. polygonoides extract can be considered as a therapeutic agent to cure Alzheimer’s disease via inhibition of AChE activity to increase the level of acetylcholine in the body system.
Validation of Korean Version of Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (K-CRSR)

Objective To determine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (K-CRSR) for evaluation of patients with a severe brain lesion. Methods With permission from Giacino, the developer of the Coma Recovery Scale Revised (CRSR), the scale was translated into Korean and back-translated into English by a Korean physiatrist highly proficient in English, and then verified by the original developer. Adult patients with a severe brain lesion following traumatic brain injury, stroke, or hypoxic brain injury were examined. To assess the inter-rater reliability, all patients were tested with K-CRSR by two physiatrists individually. To determine intra-rater reliability, the same test was re-administered by the same physiatrists after three days. Results Inter-rater reliability (k=0.929, p<0.01) and intra-rater reliability (k=0.938, p<0.01) were both high for total K-CRSR scores. Inter- and intra-rater agreement rates were very high (94.9% and 97.4%, respectively). The total K-CRSR score was significantly correlated with K-GCS (r=0.894, p<0.01), demonstrating sufficient concurrent validity. Conclusion K-CRSR is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of patients with brain injury by trained physiatrists. This scale is useful in differentiating patients in minimally conscious state from those in vegetative state.
Estimating small differences in car-pose from orbits

Distinction among nearby poses and among symmetries of an object is challenging. In this paper, we propose a unified, group-theoretic approach to tackle both. Different from existing works which directly predict absolute pose, our method measures the pose of an object relative to another pose, i.e., the pose difference. The proposed method generates the complete orbit of an object from a single view of the object with respect to the subgroup of SO(3) of rotations around the z-axis, and compares the orbit of the object with another orbit using a novel orbit metric to estimate the pose difference. The generated orbit in the latent space records all the differences in pose in the original observational space, and as a result, the method is capable of finding subtle differences in pose. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on cars, where identifying the subtle pose differences is vital.
Towards Dynamic Computation Graphs via Sparse Latent Structure

Deep NLP models benefit from underlying structures in the data—e.g., parse trees—typically extracted using off-the-shelf parsers. Recent attempts to jointly learn the latent structure encounter a tradeoff: either make factorization assumptions that limit expressiveness, or sacrifice end-to-end differentiability. Using the recently proposed SparseMAP inference, which retrieves a sparse distribution over latent structures, we propose a novel approach for end-to-end learning of latent structure predictors jointly with a downstream predictor. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to enable unrestricted dynamic computation graph construction from the global latent structure, while maintaining differentiability.