Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causative Analysis on a Nearshore Bloom of Oscillatoria erythraea (trichodesmium) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics which preceded and caused a bloom of Osclllatorla erythraea commonly known as trlchodesmlum In coastal waters of Mississippi and adjacent waters of the Gulf of Mexico are described. This Is the first report of the blue-green alga occurring in high density near the mainland and In a predominantly estuarine area of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Environmental conditions Immediately prior to and during the bloom were characterized by low rainfall, calm sea, a homogeneous water column, low nitrate-nitrogen (0-5 N03-N pg-atom/1), no measurable nitrite-nitrogen (0 N02-N pg-atom/ I), high water temperatures (29-30° C), high salinity (270/100), and a basic pH (8.3 to 8.4). Total phosphorus and orthophosphate& were also low prior to the bloom (0.1 P pgatom/1), but increased slightly during the later stages of the bloom (0.7 to 1.5 P pg-atom/ 1). The alga disappeared with the return of well-mixed sea water, lower salinity, lower temperature and acidic pH, and an increase in combined nitrogen content. Osclllatorla erythraea occurred in bundles of 10 to 25 trichomes or as a single filament, ranging from 8 to 15pm In diameter and about 0.3 mm in length. The alga occurred in patches with the greatest concentration near the surface. Some entrapment of zooplankton in the dense algal mass was observed, but most of the zooplankton was diverse and unharmed. Harmful effects of the algal bloom on larger animals were not observed nor believed to have occurred. ' Blooms of the planktonf6,blue-green alga Oscillatoria erythraea (Ehrenberg) Kutzing commonly known as trichodesmium are common in tropical seas around the world. This organism has been reported frequently from the Indian Ocean, especially the Bay of Bengal, the Red and Arabian seas and the tropical Atlantic Ocean including the coastal waters of South America, the Sargasso Sea and the Strait of Florida (Moseley, 1879; Brongersma-Sanders, 1957; Dugdale, eta/., 1961; Dugdaleeta/., 1964; Sieburth and Conover, 1965; Goering, et a/., 1966; Qasim, 1970; Yentsch, et a/., 1972; Carpenter, 1973). Blooms in the Pacific Ocean have been reported by Wood (1965) and Bowman and Lancaster (1965). There are fewer reports of the alga from temperate seas, indicating that blooms occur less frequently northward and southward from the tropics. Farran (1932) found trichodesmium off the coast of Ireland and Wood (1965) reports it south of New Zealand and even in
Regression Tree Analysis for Determination of the Effective Factors on Birth Weight in Holstein Calves

The aim of this paper was to describe the effects of calf sex, birth month and type on birth weight using Regression Tree (RT) analysis. For this purpose, 894 Holstein calves data raised in Polatlı State Farm were analyzed. The birth weight of calves averaged 38.478 ± 2.487 kg of total calves born, 95.5 % were single born. Twin born calves weights were lower (35.125 ± 1.652 kg) than single born (38.635±2.408 kg). Male calves were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than females by 1.28 kg. The mean birth weight of twin calves was 3.58 kg lower than that of single. Effects of calving month, sex of calf, birth type on birth weight were all significant (P<0.05).
OPTIMIZATION OF TURNING PARAMETERS FOR TITANIUM ALLOY TI-6AL-4V ELI USING THE RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD (RSM)

Titanium alloys are attractive materials due to their uniquely high strength–weight ratio, which is maintained at elevated temperatures. Due to the low machinability of titanium alloys, optimization of machining conditions is crucial. Uncoated carbide tool (CNGG 120408-SGF-H13A) was used to turn the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI. In this study, the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut parameters were examined. Cutting-speed range of 120–220 m/min was used under flooded conditions. Response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design was utilized to set the 17 parameter runs. Analysis shows that cutting speed had the greatest effect on tool life, followed by feed rate and depth of cut. Meanwhile the feed rate was most significant factor for surface roughness, Ra of machined surface rather than cutting speed and depth of cut. Additionally, the optimum machining conditions were determined using RSM for both tool life and Ra to be a high cutting-speed of 220 m/min and a low depth of cut and feed rate of 0.4 mm and 0.1 mm/rev, respectively. Here the tool life gave 14.55 min for predicted value, but the validation thru experimental work produced 13.05 min, and the error about 10.65%. Moreover the surface roughness, Ra value for predicted was 0. 529µm, meanwhile the validation gave 0.489 µm. This error was calculated to 7.56%.
The Impact of Oral and Written Feedback on EFL Writers With the Use of Screencasts

This article, based on an action research study performed at a Colombian middle-sized private university, proposes specific strategies to provide feedback to English as a foreign language learners and uses a Web 2.0 tool called screencasting . The findings of the study suggest that the use of coded, written, and oral feedback is widely accepted by students and yields positive results in the improvement of their writing skills at the paragraph level, and that the use of screencasting is a promising strategy that is motivational to students and increases the quality of their uptake.
The design of wholesale payments networks: the importance of incentives

Most people are familiar with retail payments systems such as checks and credit cards. Less familiar are wholesale payments systems, which consist of electronic networks used for sending large sums among banks. A feature common to all wholesale networks is that settlement is carried out by exchange of funds held in banks' reserve accounts at a central bank, though the rules for settlement vary. This article considers the question of what is the best design for a wholesale payments system, in particular whether it should settle on a net or a real-time gross basis, and some of the difficult policy questions facing both participants and regulators of wholesale systems. ; The authors show that for the benchmark case in which bank asset quality is fixed and bank assets can always be liquidated at book value, the advantages of some type of net settlement dominate real-time gross settlement. However, the optimal net settlement scheme may necessarily involve some chance of default. The discussion also examines the case in which the quality of bank assets is a choice variable and finds that the potential costs of net settlement rise because of negative effects on bank asset quality. The authors conclude that the design of a wholesale payments system must take into account numerous policy trade-offs, the most critical being the one between the costs of liquidity versus the costs of default.
Leukonychia in HIV Patients

Onychomycosis is the fungal infection of the nail, that can be caused by dermatophytes, Candida sp. or non-dermatophyte moulds (NDM). The term tinea unguium is a specific form of onychomycosis caused only by dermatophytes and thus, should not be regarded as synonymous. (Odds et al., 1992) On the other hand, the term leukonychia or white nails has a varied etiology, it can be congenital or acquired, infectious and non-infectious. In the case of onychomycosis, the diseased nail plate has an external origin, which is the fungal invasion that affects secondarily the normally formed nail. This is also known as fungal or mycotic leukonychia (Baran et al. 1994). Onychomycosis, with all the different clinical presentations, is responsible for about 50% of all dystrophic nails and has a prevalence of 3-10% in the general population. Frequency also depends, on geographic conditions and age groups, with an increase in the prevalence in the elderly. It is now becoming more evident that immunosuppressed patients, particularly those living with HIV infection, are at a higher risk of presenting this nail fungal infection, and any clinical presentation is higher compared to the same age group of the general population ( Denning et al. 1995; Moreno-Coutiño et al., 2011; Winberg et al. 2003). The first classification of onychomycosis was proposed by Zaias, and is based on the clinical appearance of the nails (Zaias, 1972). He described four clinical types: [1] distal subungual onychomycosis (DSO), [2] white superficial onychomycosis (WSO), [3] proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO) and [4] Candida sp. onychomycosis. Since the publication of this paper, some modifications have been added. In 1998, Baran et al. proposed [I] distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), [II] superficial onychomycosis, [III] proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO), [IV] endonyx onychomycosis and [V] total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO). The most used these days is the following: DLSO, white superficial onychomycosis (WSO), PSO, Candida onychomycosis (paronychia) and TDO (Table 1) , (Baran et al 1998). WSO and PSO are also known as mycotic leukonychia. Further subdivisions are included in almost all the categories, and will be discussed further when necessary (Gupta & Summerbell, 1999). In 1976, English described a classification based on etiology, instead of the clinical aspect of the fungal invasion. The categories are: (a) dermatophytes causing tinea unguium, (b) moulds (Non-dermatophyte moulds [NDM]) and (c) yeasts (Crozier et al. 1979). At this moment, the
Are Financially Dollarized Countries More Prone to Costly Crises?

In view of the role of liability dollarization in recent financial crises, whether or not the widespread presence of foreign-currency-denominated deposits and credits in developing-country banking systems leads to greater financial fragility is an open and pressing question. Using a comprehensive dataset on deposit and credit dollarization for a large number of developing and transition economies, I find little evidence that high dollarization heightens the probability of banking crises or currency crashes. Furthermore, while empirical results suggest that banking crises and currency crashes are contractionary, there is no robust evidence that they are more costly in highly dollarized countries than in countries where dollarization is low. This extensive empirical search highlights that macroeconomic and exchange rate policies are far more important than bank dollarization in determining crisis risks and costs.
Gas and galaxies in filaments between clusters of galaxies - The study of A399-A401

We have performed a multi-wavelength analysis of two galaxy cluster systems selected with the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect and composed of cluster pairs and an inter-cluster filament. We have focused on one pair of particular interest: A399-A401 at redshift z ~ 0.073 seperated by 3 Mpc. We have also performed the first analysis of one lower-significance newly associated pair: A21-PSZ2 G114.09-34.34 at z ~ 0.094, separated by 4.2 Mpc. We have characterised the intra-cluster gas using the tSZ signal from Planck and, when possible, the galaxy optical and infrared (IR) properties based on two photometric redshift catalogues: 2MPZ and WISExSCOS. From the tSZ data, we measured the gas pressure in the clusters and in the inter-cluster filaments. In the case of A399-A401, the results are in perfect agreement with previous studies and, using the temperature measured from the X-rays, we further estimate the gas density in the filament and find n 0 = (4.3 ± 0.7) × 10 -4 cm -3 . The optical and IR colour–colour and colour–magnitude analyses of the galaxies selected in the cluster system, together with their star formation rate, show no segregation between galaxy populations, both in the clusters and in the filament of A399-A401. Galaxies are all passive, early type, and red and dead. The gas and galaxy properties of this system suggest that the whole system formed at the same time and corresponds to a pre-merger, with a cosmic filament gas heated by the collapse. For the other cluster system, the tSZ analysis was performed and the pressure in the clusters and in the inter-cluster filament was constrained. However, the limited or nonexistent optical and IR data prevent us from concluding on the presence of an actual cosmic filament or from proposing a scenario.
The MesoHABSIM model revisited

The MesoHABSIM simulation model was developed in 2000 as an enhancement of the habitat descriptions used in the physical habitat simulation model (PHABSIM). MesoHABSIM integrates system‐scale assessment of ecological integrity in flowing waters with quantitative information on physical habitat distribution to simulate habitat changes at the watershed scale. The goal was better integration of physical habitat models into river management by ‘upscaling’ to address issues relevant at management levels. This paper describes the most updated version of the MesoHABSIM approach resulting from the experience gained during the application of the model in projects since 2000. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudinal factors that affect employee retirement savings in cooking oil manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe

This research sought to find attitudinal factors which affect employee retirement savings in the cooking oil manufacturing companies. The research used a case study approach, where a sample of 120 employees out of a population of 1200 employees was used. The population was stratified into levels, the management and lower level employees. Simple random sampling was then employed to come up with a sample size of 120. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The research found that retirement savings are affected by uncertainty about one’s health, status, life expectancy, salary range, education level, marital status and level of consumption among others. However, the research also found that employers have to do their part to positively influence retirement savings, by sponsoring uneducated employees to acquire the necessary knowledge to motivate them to save for retirement. Quarterly and semi-annually seminars and conferences must be organised and it must be a statutory mandate that every employee attends such educational functions and sign as confirmation of attendance. This improves quality of education and can positively impact on retirement savings. The sample was limited to two companies out of three, due to limited funds.
A Research on Self-Directed Professional Development of a Teacher of TESOL in Chinese Context

Nowadays, it is urgently imperative to call for more teachers' active commitment to their self-directed professional development. Based on inductive-inferential approach and narrative-analytic approach, this paper is designed to observe and analyze a one-year programmer for self-directed professional development of the author, a teacher of English for Chinese learners, with herself as source and critically reflective learning, reflective teaching and action research as the major procedures. The result establishes the validity, reliability and feasibility of this programmer for the individual teacher concerned and some certain implication for teacher education and training. Index Terms - self-directed professional development, critically reflective learning, reflective teaching, action research
IMPACT TESTING OF 18 ADULT MOUTHGUARDS

Mouthguards are used by sports participants to reduce dental injuries, but there is limited evidence of effectiveness of mouthguards. This research compared biomechanical impact performance data from 18 adult mouthguards available in New Zealand. Repeated impact testing was conducted on the centre of each mouthguard mounted on a dental model. The best mouthguards when impact absorption scores were considered were Avaro International, Shock Doctor Power Hilo v4.5 (upper/lower), and Signature Proplus Gel Type 3; The worst mouthguards were Shock Tec Classic and Professional moulded 1 senior custom laminated. Our impact results seem in contrast to other studies which support the belief that custom mouthguards provide superior protection against injury than boil-and-bite mouthguards (which are all usually EVA low stiffness).
The Changes in Attitudes and Beliefs of First Year Physics Undergraduates: A Study Using the CLASS Survey

Personal attitudes and beliefs towards learning can influence the way students approach and study a subject; as a result, evaluation of attitudes and how these change over time is becoming increasingly common. We have carried out a study looking at the changes in attitudes of first year physics students over two years at the University of Edinburgh. The Colorado Learning Attitudes About Science Survey (CLASS) was used to obtain a measure of expert-like thinking for students both pre- and post- first year teaching. The results have been subdivided to look at the differences between physics `majors' and `non-majors' as well as the differences in attitudes of female and male students. It was found, in line with previous studies, that students' levels of expert-like thinking decline after initial instruction. When the data was subdivided to look in more detail at specific sections of the undergraduate class it was seen that the decrease in expert-like thinking is much more marked in `non-majors' - those students not intending to take physics as a degree - and also greater in female students than their male peers.
On crustal corrections in surface wave tomography

SUMMARY Mantle models from surface waves rely on good crustal corrections. We investigated how far ray theoretical and finite frequency approximations can predict crustal corrections for fundamental mode surface waves. Using a spectral element method, we calculated synthetic seismograms in transversely isotropic PREM and in the 3-D crustal model Crust2.0 on top of PREM, and measured the corresponding time-shifts as a function of period. We then applied phase corrections to the PREM seismograms using ray theory and finite frequency theory with exact local phase velocity perturbations from Crust2.0 and looked at the residual time-shifts. After crustal corrections, residuals fall within the uncertainty of measured phase velocities for periods longer than 60 and 80 s for Rayleigh and Love waves, respectively. Rayleigh and Love waves are affected in a highly non-linear way by the crustal type. Oceanic crust affects Love waves stronger, while Rayleigh waves change most in continental crust. As a consequence, we find that the imperfect crustal corrections could have a large impact on our inferences of radial anisotropy. If we want to map anisotropy correctly, we should invert simultaneously for mantle and crust. The latter can only be achieved by using perturbation theory from a good 3-D starting model, or implementing full non-linearity from a 1-D starting model.
Genetic Variation among Local Populations of the Japanese Mitten Crab Eriocheir japonica

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the genetic stock structure of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica. Twenty-two putative enzyme-coding loci were examined from 1072 crabs at 22 localities from Hokkaido to Okinawa in Japan and 69 Chinese mitten crabs E. sinensis. Nine loci (40.9%) were polymorphic, i.e., AAT-1*, AAT-2*, G3PDH*, GPI*, IDHP-1*, IDHP-2*, MDH-1 *, MDH-2* and PGDH *. A geographical cline of allelic frequencies was not clearly recognized at all the loci but the alleles *b and *e at the GPI * locus might be a diagnostic character of the Okinawa populations. The average proportion of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity were 0.149 and 0.020, re spectively. Nei's genetic distance was 0.0004 (0-0.0013) which was about 1/140 of the Nei's genetic dis tance between the Japanese mitten crab and the Chinese mitten crab. Gene diversity analysis indicated that only 1.20% of the variation was between samples. These results indicate that the genetic differentia tion of the local populations is small.
Pellet Water Stability Studies on Lupin Meal Based Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Aquaculture Feeds: Comparison of Lupin Meal with Other Dietary Protein Sources

Nutritional quality of lupin based shrimp (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture feeds was evaluated in terms of pellet water stability. Two series of water stability experiments were carried out to study the effects of lupin meal inclusions as an dietary protein alternative for fish meal (Experiment 1) and soybean meal (Experiment 2) on percentage dry matter and protein leachings of the compounded test diets. Increasing the replacement levels of dietary fish meal with lupin meal resulted in significant decrease (P<0.05) of pellet water stability over the 480-minute immersion period. A significant improvement in water stability with the increase of the soybean meal replacement levels with lupin meal up to 50% was found, however, further increase above 50% substitution level resulted in reduced water stability of the diets. It is concluded that lupin meal can not totally replace either fish meal or soybean meal in shrimp formulated diets and a 50% replacement level of dietary fish meal or dietary soybean meal with lupin gives a promising good result in terms of pellet water stability for P. monodon diets.
Levels and Distribution of Pesticide Residues in Water and Soil from the Hydromorphic Rice Valleys of Pemba Island - Zanzibar, Tanzania

Pemba Island which is part of Zanzibar in the United Republic of Tanzania, is situated between latitude of 34°1′0′′N and 5°14′32′′S, and longitude of 118°8′0′′ and 39° 48′7′′E. It has a population of 432,100 people of which 70% depends on agricultural activities as their main livelihood option (NBS, 2012). The island is partly undulating with many crevices and valleys and about 30 % of the land is not suitable for agriculture activities as it is covered by coral rag soil, especially along east coast. Agriculture in Pemba is characterised by a wide variety of intricate mixed cropping systems dominated by rice growing activities. The rice farming activities are carried out within hydromorphic valleys located along western and southern part of the island. The suitability of the hydromorphic valleys for rice farming is attributed by high soil fertility and presence of permanent and temporary running streams assisted by very shallow water table.
Factors Affecting Purchase Intention of Organic Food in Malaysia's Kedah State/FACTEURS INFLUANT SUR L'INTENTION D'ACHAT D'ALIMENTS BIOLOGIQUES DANS LA RÉGION DE KEDAH EN MALAISIE

This study is about the discoveries on the factors affecting purchase intention of organic food in Malaysia. Nowadays, in today's modern world a new consumer lifestyle has emerged especially in the attitude of consuming organic food. This phenomenon has occurred because people are beginning to be aware of the importance of consuming healthy food in their daily lives. A natural, clean and good healthy food is important as there are a lot of ordinary foods that are mostly prepared with the use of unsafe additives, preservatives, flavor and coloring. The research aims to identify factors such as health consciousness, perceived value, food safety concern and religious factors and its impact towards the customer purchase intention. The findings of the study indicated that out of four factors, only perceived value and health consciousness influenced the customer purchase intention. However, food safety concern and religious factors were found to have less impact on customer purchase intention. People perceived that organic food has more nutritional value because the breeding and growth of organic food such as chicken is being done naturally without involving the use of any hormones and chemical. Furthermore, health consciousness factors are now becoming the national issues to combat the increasing obesities that are known to bring of diabetes and hypertension among people. Through the national and NGO's campaigns, people start to be aware of their responsibility to ensure good health and protect themselves from those diseases by taking healthy food and appropriate diet in their daily lives. The result has shown some differences with the