Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The overlapping of national IC and innovation systems

Purpose – This paper aims to present a focus for identifying the convergence between the theory of the intellectual capital of nations and that of the National Systems of Innovation from the literature of innovation systems, with the aim of providing a more robust theoretical framework to explore the drivers of intangibles and the policies which foster competitiveness through the development of the national intellectual capital platforms.Design/methodology/approach – Selecting 28 indicators which best fit the analyzed theoretic principles and taking into account the member countries of the European Union as a sample (15) with the data taken from the IMD, a simple analysis of the seven‐year (2000‐2006) window was carried out to compare the intangibles pointed out in the two aforementioned perspectives.Findings – The homogeneity of the results using models of measurement of intellectual capital of countries with those obtained through the models of the National Systems of Innovation prove the considerable c.
The Arizona Expedition for the Study of Meteors.

The nature of the interstellar and intergalactic media through which radiation, stars, clusters, and galaxies move is found to be of so much significance in our understanding of galactic distances and structure that fundamental research on the contents of space has become necessary. we studied one aspect of the problem-the meteors.
Prediction of low birth weight infants from ultrasound measurement of placental diameter and placental thickness.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to help to predict low birth weight infants by measuring placental diameter and thickness. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted of 70 consecutive singleton pregnancies to evaluate placental diameter and thickness by ultrasonographic measurement at 36 weeks gestation. The individual data were fitted to a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A "warning limit" of a placental diameter of 18 cm and placental thickness of 2 cm at 36 weeks gestation were calculated to predict low birth weight infants. CONCLUSION Ultrasonographic placental diameter and thickness measurements appears to be of prognostic value in identifying the subsequent occurrence of fetal growth retardation.
The Role of Problem Representation Shifts in Auditor Decision Processes in Analytical Procedures

In audit analytical procedures, research has shown that auditors have difficulty proposing possible explanations for financial statement discrepancies (Bedard and Biggs 1991a). One source of this difficulty is that auditors may represent analytical procedures problems incorrectly; that is, their mental image of the problem does not contain the underlying cause of the discrepancies. Because shifting initial representations of problems is difficult, auditor decision processes are affected. The purpose of this study is to investigate how problem representation shifts can lead auditors to better insight into possible explanations of discrepancies, and thus improve auditor decision processes in analytical procedures. To accomplish this purpose, verbal protocol data from Bedard and Biggs (1991a) were used to develop a series of problem representations and prompts for the analytical procedures task used in that study. The prompts were given to activate relevant knowledge structures in memory and encourage succes.
The Political Economy and Political Ecology of the Hydro-Social Cycle

Geographers have been engaged in research into access to safe drinking water for years. In fact, Abel Wolman helped chlorinate the world’s water. Over the past few years and in the wake of the resurgence of the environmental question on the political agenda, a growing body of work has emerged on the political-economy and political-ecology of water and water circulation (Gandy 1997, Loftus 2005, Kaika 2005, Castro 2006). This is re-defining the contours of water resources research and opening up an exciting and vitally important research agenda for the years to come. Political-ecological perspectives on water suggest a close correlation between the transformations of, and in, the hydrological cycle at local, regional and global levels on the one hand and relations of social, political, economic, and cultural power on the other (Swyngedouw 2004). In a sustained attempt to transcend the modernist nature – society binaries, hydro-social research envisions the circulation of water as a combined physical and social process, as a hybridized socionatural flow that fuses together nature and society in inseparable manners (Swyngedouw 2006a). It calls for revisiting traditional fragmented and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of water by insisting on the inseparability of the social and the physical in the production of particular hydrosocial configurations (Bakker 2003, Heynen et al. 2005). Such a perspective opens all manner of new and key research issues and urges considering a transformation in the way in which water policies are thought about, formulated, and implemented. In what follows, an outline is provided of some of the vital issues and socio-natural properties of the hydro-social cycle and charts the terrain for future research.
The time course of follicle-stimulating hormone suppression by recombinant human inhibin A in the adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

In higher primates, FSH secretion appears to be regulated by a control system consistent with that described by the classical inhibin hypothesis. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine the time course of inhibin's action to suppress FSH secretion in the intact adult male rhesus monkey. To this end, five adult males implanted with indwelling venous catheters and exhibiting typical episodic patterns of LH and testosterone (T) secretion received a 4-day i.v. infusion of recombinant human (rh) inhibin A (832 ng/h x kg) followed, after a 4-week interval, by vehicle infusion of similar duration. Changes in circulating FSH concentrations during the inhibin and vehicle infusions were determined using a sensitive homologous macaque RIA, whereas enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to track inhibin A, inhibin B, and inhibin pro-alpha-C levels during the experiment. Normal pulsatile activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-Leydig cell axis was confirmed by monitoring changes in circulating concentrations of LH and T in 12-h windows of sequential blood collection (1200-2400 h; every 20 min) before, during, and after the rh inhibin A and vehicle infusions. Although infusion of rh inhibin A, which led to a 12 ng/ml square wave increment in circulating levels of this inhibin dimer, produced a marked decline in circulating FSH concentrations, significant suppression of the secretion of this gonadotropin was not manifest until 54 h after initiation of the infusion. Despite the marked decline in FSH secretion during the last 24 h of the 4-day infusion of recombinant hormone, circulating inhibin B and pro-alpha-C concentrations were maintained at preinfusion control levels (1 ng/ml). The finding that imposition of an exaggerated circulating inhibin signal led to suppression of FSH secretion in the male monkey only after 2 days of exposure to the hormone indicates that in this species the feedback action of testicular inhibin on FSH secretion is heavily lagged. Moreover, as the decrease in FSH did not lead to changes in native inhibin secretion, it seems reasonable to propose that the FSH-inhibin feedback loop that governs testicular function in higher primates operates with considerable hysteresis at both the pituitary and gonadal levels. The failure of dramatically elevated inhibin A levels to influence the pulsatile secretion of LH in the monkey reinforces the idea that in this species the pituitary action of testicular inhibin is specific for FSH and does not involve modulation of GnRH receptor levels.
IMPACT OF CORPORATE ETHICAL VAULUES ON ETHICALLEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMNCE

The main purpose of this research is to examine the impact of corporate ethical values on ethical leadership and employee performance in Pakistan. This research was conducted considering three variables i.e. corporate ethical values, ethical leadership and employee performance. Leadership having no ethical manners can be harmful, vicious and even poisonous. Although there is enough discussion regarding corporate ethical values and ethical leadership in this research, very few research work has been done so far in relation to the mediating effect of ethical leadership on corporate ethical values and employee performance. It is also found that a corporate ethical value is the most important factor for ethical leadership and employee performance. So, the two variables collectively prove a photogenic effect and augment the overall productivity of the employees. Practical implications of these findings are also discussed. Directions for future research are also suggested.
A behavioural theory of the fund management firm

The paper outlines a behavioural theory of the fund manager (FM) firm comprising investment decisions (at stock and portfolio levels) by teams and individuals, and of an organisation process and contextual resource factors affecting decisions. FM organisational processes interacted with resources to enhance investment team decision conditions, costs and processes. Enhanced conditions and reduced decision costs were expected to improve the chances of FM success via new information production and better-quality decisions. These dynamic elements to FM firms can be interpreted as tentative organisational means to deal with major problems of behaviour, uncertainty and information asymmetry at the heart of the valuation, investment and performance problems facing FMs. Field research was conducted in 15 FM firms during 2004–2011. A grounded theory approach was employed in processing the data. This led to improvements in empirical understanding of behaviour within FM firms and markets. The results were discussed relative to relevant literature and previous grounded theory. This created a new conceptual tool to investigate FM underperformance and variety in FM styles. The paper demonstrated an empirically rich model of hierarchy, information production, capital allocation and other resource usage in financial institutions and discussed how this created further opportunities for research.
A Potassium Channel-MiRP Complex Controls Neurosensory Function in Caenorhabditis elegans *

MinK-related peptides (MiRPs) are single transmembrane proteins that associate with mammalian voltage-gated K+ subunits. Here we report the cloning and functional characterization of a MiRP β-subunit, MPS-1, and of a voltage-gated pore-forming potassium subunit, KVS-1, from the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. mps-1 is expressed in chemosensory and mechanosensory neurons and co-localizes withkvs-1 in a subset of these. Inactivation of eithermps-1 or kvs-1 by RNA interference (RNAi) causes partially overlapping neuronal defects and results in broad-spectrum neuronal dysfunction, including defective chemotaxis, disrupted mechanotransduction, and impaired locomotion. Inactivation of one subunit by RNAi dramatically suppresses the expression of the partner subunit only in cells where the two proteins co-localize. Co-expression of MPS-1 and KVS-1 in mammalian cells gives rise to a potassium current distinct from the KVS-1 current. Taken together these data indicate that potassium currents constitute a basic determinant for C. elegans neuronal function and unravel a unifying principle of evolutionary significance: that potassium channels in various organisms use MiRPs to generate uniqueness of function with rich variation in the details.
THE EFFECT OF SIZE, GROWTH, AND INDUSTRY ON THE FINANCIAL STRUCTURE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

ECONOMISTS FREQUENTLY BASE THEIR REASONING on ratios between significant variables. ' Accountants often construct key financial ratios from such items as quick assets, liabilities, inventories, sales, and earnings. If measurements for firms in diverse size groups are reduced to a common order of magnitude, these ratios may be of use in international comparisons and historical growth comparisons. For purposes of theory construction, however, our standard must be high, and stablity, or plainly systematic variation, in ratios must be found in order to enhance their usefulness. The present study is a modest contribution to the construction of a theory of financial structure. It seeks to analyze the financial ratios with respect to the three exogenous variables-industry, size, and growth. Research dealing with the use of financial ratios for studying the corporate structure seems to fall into two broad categories. First, there are the diachronic studies conducted primarily under the auspices of the Financial Research Program initiated by the National Bureau of Economic Research, by C. L. Merwin,2 A. K. Koch,3 Sydney S. Alexander,4 and Schmidt and Young. ' These authors have sought to study the changes in the structures of American enterprises during World War I, World War II, and in the intervening period. The
Stormwater management and urban planning: Lessons from 40 years of innovation

Urban planning is widely advocated as an important way to encourage the more sustainable management of urban stormwater, using alternatives to piped systems. This paper explores the way in which Swedish water professionals have opportunities to influence stormwater planning and the barriers that limit their participation in this process. Empirical evidence has been obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews with urban water professionals from nine Swedish municipalities. The paper shows that there is a perception of the legal requirements related to the provision of drainage services that inhibits the utilisation of non-piped solutions. There are also reservations about a dichotomy that inhibits actions – is stormwater an issue for the planning department or for the water department? It is concluded that water professionals have unique opportunities to integrate stormwater management approaches within wider urban planning practice and, hence, are able to encourage the use of alternative systems that are more sustainable than using traditional pipes or sewers.
Linking cross-functional collaboration, innovation performance, and competitive intensity: towards a mediated moderation perspective

The relationship between cross-functional collaboration and innovation performance has been documented in the innovation literature; however, the role of competitive intensity in this relationship has been scarcely investigated so far. This study develops a contingency framework to investigate how competitive intensity affects the effect of cross-functional collaboration on product innovation performance and further to examine how the moderating role of competitive intensity in the cross-functional collaboration-performance relationship is mediated by knowledge integration mechanisms. A survey of 182 Taiwanese manufacturing firms provides the data for the analysis. The results from moderation and mediation regression analyses show that (1) competitive intensity weakens the effect of cross-functional collaboration on product innovation performance; and (2) the negative effect of competitive intensity on the cross-functional collaboration-product innovation performance relationship is explained by knowledge integration mechanisms. These findings not only demonstrate the contingency role of competitive intensity but also qualify it by the mediating role of knowledge integration mechanisms in the relationship between cross-functional collaboration and product innovation performance.
Teaching philosophy and practices among chemistry faculty att ending the MID project workshops: Implications for reform in chemistry

Over the past decade over 600M in funding has been devoted to bringing about reform in science education, but little is known about who is implementing reform, the extent of reform implementation and how educational contexts differentially impact reform innovations. This presentation explores the results of the Multi-Initiative Dissemination Project (MID Project), a national curriculum reform program that was designed to propagate reform pedagogy among undergraduate chemistry faculty in faculty development workshops. We analyzed data from surveys, in-class observations and faculty interviews to explore the relationships between the participant faculty demographic features and their pedagogy and teaching philosophy before and following exposure to the workshops. We found interesting demographic characteristics that distinguish the participant faculty from the academic chemistry faculty responding to the ACS 2000 census. Also, our study uncovered relationships between the participants’ demographic features and their conceptions of teaching and practices that may mediate the impact of pedagogical interventions such as curriculum reform workshops. This
When do we really need interpersonal trust in globally dispersed new product development teams

Interpersonal trust refers to the willingness to make oneself vulnerable to the actions of another party. Trust is generally acknowledged as fostering knowledge exchange and thus contributing to new product development (NPD) team effectiveness. However, the conditions under which NPD teams come to rely more heavily on trust to facilitate effectiveness remain unclear. With burgeoning global collaboration on new product development, we analyze how the characteristics of global NPD teams, i.e., geographic dispersion, computer-mediated communication (e.g., e-mail, video-conferencing), team membership flexibility, and national diversity moderate the trust–effectiveness relationship. Our results show that trust is more important under the condition of geographic dispersion, computer-mediated communication, and national diversity. By specifying when trust influences NPD team effectiveness in globally dispersed teams, we discuss the theoretical implications and provide recommendations for management.
Intellectual capital management practices in Finnish companies

Not many companies seem to be using the Intellectual Capital Management (ICM) models presented in the literature. The objective is to find out what the current status of ICM is in Finnish companies, how managers wish to develop Intellectual Capital (IC) in their companies and what kind of ICM tools are most desired. The research is carried out by two methods: telephone interviews in 35 companies and case research in 10 companies. The results show that Finnish companies are performing various management activities related to IC as part of different organisational functions. However, a specific ICM activity does not usually exist. Generally, the companies seem to prefer ICM tools designed for the purposes of internal development of IC (e.g. measurement) whereas external IC reporting is not considered important.
Rural Labor Markets, Household Composition, and Rainfall in Côte d’Ivoire

The complete-markets hypothesis can be tested by examining whether the quantity of labor demanded by the farm is influenced by the farm's household composition. There should be no influence if labor markets clear. This assumes, however, that household composition is fixed. This paper suggests that the composition of rural Ivorian households is endogenous by extending Benjamin's approach (Econometrica, 1992) and considering that the household composition is simultaneously determined with the quantity of labor. If separation does not hold, variables such as rainfall that influence the labor demand will be related to the composition of household. Copyright 2000 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN DEVON AND CORNWALL'S SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE SECTOR

This paper suggests that environmental impacts can be reduced in the SME sector through more detailed, less generic model developments for each industrial sector based on best practices and not on strategic management systems. It also suggests simplification of environmental support organisations and advocates the development of the concept of Energy Performance Contracting to Environmental Performance Contracting. There are undoubtedly many ways in which SMEs can improve their environmental performance but it is questionable that within the present economic system environmental sustainability will ever be achieved. Increased environmental regulation would certainly level the playing field but would not change the fundamental attitudes towards the environment as a generator of maximum wealth for the sole purpose of short term consumption. Self regulation is certainly the ultimate goal, where individuals and businesses recognise and respect the environment on more of an holistic level and where other individual utilities are gained from work aside from financial gain. The argument is that this radical (used here in its true sense to mean from the root) change of economic priorities could be achieved through a fair trading system run on a bioregional level. However at the moment self regulation within the present economic system seems ineffective as the environment is simply not a priority for SMEs. Small scale environmental improvements may occur but results from this research suggest that commitment to the environment on a practical rather than theoretical level needs to exist for substantial change to take place. This commitment is unlikely to increase substantially within an economic system that does not attach higher value to the environment. The attainment of environmental sustainability would require a fresh analysis of the economic system and our own individual consciousness.
Power amplifier linearization by modified baseband signal injection

This paper presents the linearization technique for RF power amplifiers that uses the modified baseband signals. The signal for linearization is formed in baseband, digitally processed by adjusting the amplitude and polarity and injected at the input and output of the amplifier transistor across the DC bias circuits. The modified baseband signal is one of the products of the second order nonlinearity of a nonlinear system fed by the useful baseband signal. The effects of the proposed linearization method are considered on a single stage power amplifier for quadrature amplitude modulated signals characterized with different bandwidth up to 200 MHz, as well as for WCDMA digitally modulated signal.
Characteristics of Internet Users and Their Privacy Concerns

Abstract Concern about the privacy of online consumers is a global issue. Given the global nature of the Internet, companies planning and implementing e-commerce must understand the differences in privacy concerns of consumers in different cultures with different social/economic contexts to become effective in business. Motivated by this need, this study analyzes and compares the privacy concerns of online consumers in China and the United States, identifies major factors related to these concerns, and discusses the cultural/social/economic backgrounds of the related phenomena found in the study.