Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflicted Emotions Following Trust-Based Interaction

We observed reports of conflicted (concurrent positive and negative) emotions activated after interactions in the Trust game. Our analyses reveal that activation of 20 emotional states following trust-based interaction is better explained by predictions derived from a multi-dimensional Recalibrational perspective than by predictions derived from two-dimensional Valence and Arousal perspectives. The Recalibrational perspective proposes that emotions are activated according to their functional features – for example, emotions help people achieve short or long-sighted goals by up or down-regulating behavioral propensities, whereas Valence and Arousal perspectives consider simpler hedonic dimensions lacking functional specificity. The Recalibrational perspective is also distinguished from the Valence and Arousal perspectives in that it predicts the possibility of conflicted emotions. We discuss the theoretical implications of having conflicted goals and the economic implications of having conflicted emotions.
On the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Wilma (2005). Part III: Effects of Latent Heat of Fusion

The impacts of the latent heat of fusion on the rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricane Wilma (2005) are examined by comparing a 72-h control simulation (CTL) of the storm to a sensitivity simulation in which the latent heat of depositionis reduced by removing fusion heating (NFUS). Resultsshow that, while both storms undergo RI, the intensificationrate is substantially reducedin NFUS. At peakintensity, NFUSis weakerthan CTL by 30hPa in minimum central pressure and by 12ms 21 in maximum surface winds. The reduced rate of surface pressure falls in NFUS appears to result hydrostatically from less upper-level warming in the eye. It is shown that CTL generates more inner-core convective bursts (CBs) during RI, with higher altitudes of peak vertical motion in the eyewall, compared to NFUS. The latent heat of fusion contributes positively to sufficient eyewall conditional instability to support CB updrafts. Slantwise soundings taken in CB updraft cores reveal moist adiabatic lapse rates until 200hPa, where the updraft intensity peaks. These results suggest that CBsmayimpacthurricaneintensificationbyinducingcompensatingsubsidenceofthelower-stratosphericair, and the authors conclude that the development of more CBs inside the upper-level radius of maximum wind and at the higher altitude of latent heating all appear to be favorable for the RI of Wilma.
The Effect of Early Postpartum oral Drench Solution on Blood Β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentration, Milk Yield, and Milk Composition in Holstein Cows

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oral drench solution on blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration, milk yield, and milk composition of Holstein cows. Primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (n=129) on commercial farms in southern Brazil were blocked by parity and calving season. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Control (40 L of water) and 2) Drench (40 L of water containing propylene glycol, rumen-protected choline, and minerals). Treatments were administered immediately after calving and 24 hours later. Cows were fed total mixed rations and milked twice daily. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed weekly. Blood BHBA concentration was measured twice weekly. Concentrations of BHBA were lower (P=0.05) in drench than control cows, 0.93 and 1.08mmol/L respectively. Older (parity ≥3) compared to younger (parity ≤2) cows had greater (P=0.02) blood BHBA concentration. An interaction of treatment and parity revealed that older drenched cows had lower (P=0.04) BHBA concentration than control (0.93 and 1.19mmol/L, respectively) but such differences were not observed in younger cows. Milk yield and milk composition did not differ among treatments or seasons, but differed between parity. Older compared to younger cows had greater yields of milk, fat, protein, and lactose. Drench treatment administered immediately after calving and 24 hours later decreased blood BHBA concentration in the present study, however, no affects were observed in milk yield, milk composition or BCS.
Inflation Targeting and Target Instability

Monetary policy is modeled as governed by a known rule, except for a time-varying target rate of inflation. The variable target is taken as representing either discretionary deviations from the rule, or as the outcome of a policymaking committee that is unable to arrive at a consensus. Stochastic simulations of FRB/US, the Board of Governors' large, rational-expectations model of the U.S. economy, are used to examine the benefits of reducing the variability in the target rate of inflation. We find that putting credible boundaries on target variability introduces an important non-linearity in expectations. This improves policy performance by focusing agents' expectations on policy objectives. But improvements are limited; it does not generally pay to reduce target variability to zero. The non-linearity in expectations can be used to conduct a policy with greater attention to output stabilization than otherwise. The results provide insights as to why inflation-targeting countries use bands and why the bands are narrower than studies suggest they should be. Also, a numerical technique that approximates to arbitrary precision a non-linear process with a linear method is also demonstrated. This greatly speeds the simulations and makes them more robust.
Recommendations for the Primary Analysis of Continuous Endpoints in Longitudinal Clinical Trials

This position paper summarizes relevant theory and current practice regarding the analysis of longitudinal clinical trials intended to support regulatory approval of medicinal products, and it reviews published research regarding methods for handling missing data. It is one strand of the PhRMA initiative to improve efficiency of late-stage clinical research and gives recommendations from a cross-industry team. We concentrate specifically on continuous response measures analyzed using a linear model, when the goal is to estimate and test treatment differences at a given time point. Traditionally, the primary analysis of such trials handled missing data by simple imputation using the last, or baseline, observation carried forward method (LOCF, BOCF) followed by analysis of (co)variance at the chosen time point. However, the general statistical and scientific community has moved away from these simple methods in favor of joint analysis of data from all time points based on a multivariate model (eg, of a mixed-effects type). One such newer method, a likelihood-based mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) approach, has received considerable attention in the clinical trials literature. We discuss specific concerns raised by regulatory agencies with regard to MMRM and review published evidence comparing LOCF and MMRM in terms of validity, bias, power, and type I error. Our main conclusion is that the mixed model approach is more efficient and reliable as a method of primary analysis, and should be preferred to the inherently biased and statistically invalid simple imputation approaches. We also summarize other methods of handling missing data that are useful as sensitivity analyses for assessing the potential effect of data missing not at random.
Pelvic Osteomyelitis in a Child - A Diagnostic Dilemma

Introduction: Pelvic osteomyelitis presents a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity and non-specific presentation. Early advance imaging in the form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is warranted if clinical suspicion is high. We present an unusual case of pubic rami osteomyelitis, presenting with clinical findings of septic arthritis treated appropriately with early imaging and intravenous antibiotics with satisfactory outcome. Case Report: A 9-year-old boy presented to accident and emergency with 2 days history of the left-sided groin and thigh pain, inability to weight bear, and feeling generally unwell following a rugby match. There was no history of trauma or recent infection. On examination, the child had fever, limp on weight-bearing, tender groin, and signs of an irritable hip. Laboratory report showed raised inflammatory markers and blood culture showed Staphylococcus aureus. Presumptive diagnosis of septic hip joint was made as there was effusion on ultrasound examination. Specialist opinion was sought and MRI confirmed changes of the left pubic rami osteomyelitis. The child was treated with intravenous antibiotics, with excellent clinical response after 48 h. Conclusion: Pelvic osteomyelitis in a child is a rare occurrence. This case highlights the significance of having a wide differential diagnosis for non-specific hip pain in a child. An MRI will help with the diagnosis if there is any uncertainty of the underlying cause. Early treatment with IV antibiotics is ideal for uncomplicated recovery. A multidisciplinary team approach is of utmost importance.
Profile of neonatal dermatoses in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Haryana

Background: To assess the incidence and profile of neonatal dermatoses in a tertiary care hospital of Haryana and study its association with various perinatal risk factors. Methods: All inborn neonates (<28 days of life) including those seen in the outpatient department on follow up between November 2016 to April 2017 formed the baseline population and babies with skin lesions were included in the study. A detailed perinatal history and newborn examination of the baby was done by a pediatrician and all relevant details were recorded. Data was analyzed, and inferences were drawn using tables. Results: In our study, a total of 2760 newborn (1506 (54.6%) males and 1254 (45.4%) females) were studied. The incidence of neonatal dermatoses was found to be 94.1%. There were 1849 (66.9%) term, 853 (30.9%) preterm, and 58 (2.1%) post term neonates. 1901 (68.8%) had birth weight >2.5kg while 859 (31.1%) had birth weight ≤2.5kg. 1223 (44.3%) were born to primipara while 1537 (55.6%) were born to multipara mothers. Mothers of 54 (1.9%) neonates were < 20 years of age; 1157 (41.9%) in the age group of 20-25 years; 1324 (47.9%) in the age group of 2530 years and 225 (8.1%) in the age group >30 years. 1806 (65.4%) neonates were born by normal vaginal delivery and 954 (34.6%) neonates were born by cesarean section. In 13 (0.5%) neonates, history of consanguinity was present while it was absent in 2747 (99.5%) neonates. Most common skin lesions observed were transient skin lesions among which Mongolian spots (62.9%), epstein pearls (48.8%), erythema toxicum (41.8%), milia (40.6%) and miniature puberty (35.9%) were the most common. Conclusions: Incidence of neonatal dermatoses was found to be higher (54.6%) among males as compared to females (45.4%); among term babies; those with birth weight >2.5kg; those born to multipara mothers; those born via normal vaginal delivery and those with maternal age 25-30 years.
The Implications of Sex Tourism on Men's Social, Psychological, and Physical Health.

This article explores sex tourism and possible concerns for the male sex tourist through a content analysis of sex tourism web sites. This qualitative, exploratory study describes the manner in which sex tour web sites attract and maintain male customers. Findings related to men’s psychosocial health are placed within an international context. Recommendations are made that pertain to international
Thermodynamics of ABO3-Type Perovskite Surfaces

The ABO3-type perovskite manganites, cobaltates, and ferrates (A= La, Sr, Ca; B=Mn, Co, Fe) are important functional materials which have numerous high-tech applications due to their outstanding magnetic and electrical properties, such as colossal magnetoresistance, half-metallic behavior, and composition-dependent metal-insulator transition (Coey et al., 1999; Haghiri-Gosnet & Renard, 2003). Owing to high electronic and ionic conductivities. these materials show also excellent electrochemical performance, thermal and chemical stability, as well as compatibility with widely used electrolyte based on yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Therefore they are among the most promising materials as cathodes in solid oxide fuel Cells (SOFCs) (Fleig et al., 2003) and gas-permeation membranes (Zhou, 2009). Many of the above-mentioned applications require understanding and control of surface properties. An important example is LaMnO3 (LMO). Pure LMO has a cubic structure above 750 K, whereas below this temperature the crystalline structure is orthorhombic, with four formula units in a primitive cell. Doping of LMO with Sr allows one to increase both the ionic and electronic conductivity as well as to stabilize the cubic structure down to room temperatures necessary conditions for improving catalytic performance of LMO in electrochemical devices, e.g. cathodes for SOFCs. In optimal compositions of
A theory of analytic functions in Banach algebras

Introduction. The present paper is concerned with the general problem of extending the classical theory of analytic functions of a complex variable. This question received the attention of Hilbert and F. Riesz, and probably goes back to Volterra. More recently N. Dunford, L. Fantappie, I. Gelfand, E. R. Lorch, A. D. Michal, and A. E. Taylor have contributed to the subject (see bibliography). Our approach differs from most of the others in two main respects, namely, in the type of domain and range of the functions and in the definition of analyticity. We consider functions which have for their domains and ranges subsets of an abstract commutative Banach algebra with unit and we use a definition of analyticity introduced by E. R. Lorch [1]. It is known [4] that a function analytic by this definition is differentiable in the Frechet sense but not every Frechet-differentiable function on a commutative Banach algebra is analytic in the Lorch sense. Accordingly, the Lorch theory is the richer. For the most part, the development of the primary aspects of the Lorch theory parallels that of the classical theory. Interesting departures occur in the more advanced stages. As one would expect, the Cauchy integral theorem and formula occupy a central position and yield the Taylor expansion in the usual way. With Lorch's work as a foundation, we have extended the theory to include a study of Laurent expansions and analytic continuation. There are also some results on the zeros of polynomials over the algebra, on rational functions and their integrals, and on the singularities of analytic functions. Although the objective of this investigation was essentially analytical, we have also obtained results of an algebraic-topological character (e.g. distribution of singular elements). This was a natural outcome of the algebraic character of the techniques used: 1. Basic concepts. A set, B, of elements (denoted by Latin letters a, b, c, x, y, z, ) is a "Banach algebra" if (1) B is an algebra over the complex numbers (denQted by greek letters), (2) B is a complex Banach space, and (3) the norm satisfies the inequality Ilabil <||a||||b||. In addition, we assume that multiplication is commutative and that B contains a unit element, e, with I|e|| = 1i. We recall without proof some of the salient facts about Banach algebras. Multiplication is continuous in both factors together in the metric topology
Unemployment and Marital Quality in Great Recession America: An Exploratory Canonical Correlation Analysis

To contribute to the literature on unemployment and marital quality in light of rapid social, economic, and political changes that characterized the past decade (2008-2018), this exploratory study assessed how unemployment during the Great Recession affected marital quality based on participants’ beliefs about marital roles (on a continuum from more traditional to more progressive) and on their levels of education, duration of marriage, and duration and frequency of unemployment. Nationwide, 129 participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of two scales of marital quality (Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Revised Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) plus demographic items. Although the canonical correlation analysis was not significant, a number of trends emerged that suggested possibilities worthy of discussion and that provide a foundation for further research. For example, the results suggested the possibility that humanistic theorizing on unemployment and marriage might not be confined to ideological beliefs about gender-based marital roles, and that marital quality in the face of unemployment may be more directly affected by education level. Moreover, repeated measures analyses of variance suggested that, although most participants experienced situational distress, faith in and commitment to the relationship seemed to sustain marriages despite the short-term obstacle of unemployment, which echoes humanistic psychologists’ focus on resilience in relationships.
Exploring the sensitivity of interannual basin‐scale air‐sea CO2 fluxes to variability in atmospheric dust deposition using ocean carbon cycle models and atmospheric CO2 inversions

[1] Estimates of sources/sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the Earth's surface are commonly made using atmospheric CO2 inverse modeling, terrestrial and oceanic biogeochemical modeling, and inventory-based studies. In this study, we compare sea-air CO2 fluxes from the Time-Dependent Inverse (TDI) atmosphere model and the marine Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) model to study the processes involved in ocean carbon cycling at subbasin scales. A dust generation and transport model, based on analyzed meteorology and terrestrial vegetation cover, is also used to estimate the interannual variability in dust and iron deposition to different ocean basins. Overall, a fairly good agreement is established between the TDI and BEC model results for the net annual patterns and seasonal cycle of sea-air CO2 exchange. Sensitivity studies with the ocean biogeochemical model using increased or reduced atmospheric iron inputs indicate the relative sensitivity of air-sea CO2 exchange. The simulated responses to changes in iron inputs are not instantaneous (peak response after ∼2−3 years). The TDI model derived seasonal cycles for the Southern Ocean (South Atlantic) are better matched by the BEC model by increasing (decreasing) iron inputs through atmospheric aerosols. Our results suggest that some of the interannual variability in TDI model air-sea CO2 fluxes during the past decade may be explainable by dust variability that relaxes/increases iron limitation in high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) ocean regions.
Stock returns, seasonality and asymmetric conditional volatility in world equity markets

The paper tests four hypotheses at the same time using an autoregressive return-generating process and an asymmetric conditional variance specification, both also including deterministic day of the week dummies. The daily stock index returns from 19 countries are employed to test: (H1) predictable time variation in conditional volatility; (H2) asymmetry in volatility and leverage effect; (H3) effects of estimated volatility on returns; and (H4) day of the week effects on both returns and their volatility. Evidence is provided for predictable time varying daily volatility in all markets among which eight also exhibit a significant leverage effect. There is a significantly positive relationship between returns and their conditional volatility in only three countries. The nature of the day of the week effects on returns and their conditional volatility differs greatly among countries and across days. Thirteen countries exhibit seasonality in either mean returns (seven countries) or volatility (eight countries) or both (two countries). Each day is at least once reported to exhibit significant positive and negative effects in both mean and volatility with the exception that there is no negative effect on mean returns and no positive effect in volatility on Wednesdays.
A comparative study of shear bond strength of Fuji II and Ariadent glass Ionomer Cements to dentin of primary molar

Background & Aim: More than 30 years has passed since introduction of glass-ionomer cement as a dental restorative material, luting cement and liner. Although they are sensitive to moisture and desiccation during the initial setting stages, relative poor physical properties because of chemical bonding to tooth substrate, and long-term esthetic quality, they are recommended for restoring anterior and posterior primary teeth, cervical lesions and root caries of permanent teeth. In this study, shear bond strength of Fuji II was compared with of ariadent glass-ionomer cements. Materials & Methods: Thirty intact extracted primary molars were prepared for this study. Selected teeth were divided in two groups of 5. Sample were free of caries, fracture, crack, discoloration or any structural abnormality. The dentin of buccal surface of teeth were exposed by microtome apparatus. The surface was conditioned by polyacrylic acid (10%) for 20 seconds. Glass ionomer cements (Fuji II, and Ariadent) were prepared in a plastic cylinders (15 of each) and attached to the dentin of teeth horizontally. Shear bond stength of materials was measured by instron (Model 1159). Results: Mean shear bond strength of Ariadent cement was 4.2 1.9 Mpa while 7.4 1.5 Mpa was of Fuji II cement (P=0.000). Failure mode was similar between two cements (P=ns). The most prevalent type of failure mode was cohesive failure leaving a firmly attached thin and homogenous layer of cement to dentin, in both groups. Conclusion: It appears that shear bond strenght of Ariadent cement to primary tooth is much lower than of Fuji II.
Examining the Relation Between Mood and Rumination in Remitted Depressed Individuals

Cognitive theories of recurrent depression suggest that the relationship between mood and cognition is altered by previous depressive episodes. In individuals remitted from depression (RMD) this would be linked to a larger susceptibility for new depressive symptoms. This study explored whether the association between mood and rumination indeed is different between RMD and nondepressed controls relying on dynamic systems theory (DST). From DST we selected entropy, defined here as the level of unpredictability in the relation between mood and rumination, as the main variable of interest. Daily electronic dairy measures of mood and rumination were administered in 31 RMD patients and 32 healthy controls. The results indicate that mean levels of rumination and negative mood were elevated in RMD compared with controls. At the group level, entropy did not differ significantly and entropy was also not associated with the number of episodes. However, entropy predicted depressive symptoms in the RMD group and the brooding subtype of rumination in both groups at the 6-month follow-up. These data are specific for entropy and were not obtained using mean levels of momentary mood and rumination.