Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carboxypeptidase O Is a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Intestinal Peptidase with Acidic Amino Acid Specificity*

Background: All previously characterized metallocarboxypeptidases of the A/B subfamily are secreted enzymes that cleave aliphatic or basic residues and are initially produced as inactive proenzymes. Results: Carboxypeptidase O is a membrane-anchored intestinal enzyme that cleaves acidic residues and is not made from a proenzyme. Conclusion: Carboxypeptidase O is distinct from other metallocarboxypeptidases. Significance: Carboxypeptidase O plays a unique physiological role in the intestinal release of acidic amino acids from dietary peptides and proteins. The first metallocarboxypeptidase (CP) was identified in pancreatic extracts more than 80 years ago and named carboxypeptidase A (CPA; now known as CPA1). Since that time, seven additional mammalian members of the CPA subfamily have been described, all of which are initially produced as proenzymes, are activated by endoproteases, and remove either C-terminal hydrophobic or basic amino acids from peptides. Here we describe the enzymatic and structural properties of carboxypeptidase O (CPO), a previously uncharacterized and unique member of the CPA subfamily. Whereas all other members of the CPA subfamily contain an N-terminal prodomain necessary for folding, bioinformatics and expression of both human and zebrafish CPO orthologs revealed that CPO does not require a prodomain. CPO was purified by affinity chromatography, and the purified enzyme was able to cleave proteins and synthetic peptides with greatest activity toward acidic C-terminal amino acids unlike other CPA-like enzymes. CPO displayed a neutral pH optimum and was inhibited by common metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitors as well as citrate. CPO was modified by attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor to the C terminus of the protein. Immunocytochemistry of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells stably expressing CPO showed localization to vesicular membranes in subconfluent cells and to the plasma membrane in differentiated cells. CPO is highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells in both zebrafish and human. These results suggest that CPO cleaves acidic amino acids from dietary proteins and peptides, thus complementing the actions of well known digestive carboxypeptidases CPA and CPB.
Where in the World is it Cheapest to Cut Carbon Emissions?

Countries with low marginal costs of abating carbon emissions may have high total costs, and vice versa, for a given climate mitigation policy. This may help to explain different countries’ policy stances on climate mitigation. We hypothesize that, under a common percentage cut in emissions intensity relative to business as usual (BAU), countries with higher BAU emission intensities have lower marginal abatement costs, but total costs relative to output will be similar across countries, and under a common carbon price, relative total costs are higher in emission-intensive countries. Using the results of the 22nd Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-22), we estimate marginal abatement cost curves for the US, EU, China and India, which we use to estimate marginal and total costs of abatement under a number of policy options currently under international debate. This analysis provides support for our hypotheses, although its reliability is limited by the shortcomings of the EMF-22 models and the degree to which our econometric model can adequately account for the substantial differences among them.
The potential role of blowflies in the transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs

In laboratory studies with 3 species of Calliphora more than half were shown to ingest eggs of Taenia hydatigena from the surface of clog faeces with a maximum of over 5000 eggs in 1 fly. Most eggs were voided within 48 h and between 38 and 48% of these eggs had lost their embryophores. In field studies carried out in the South Island of New Zealand, traps baited with dog faeces captured the following blowfly species in decreasing order of abundance: Hybopygia varia, Calliphora quadrimaculata, C. hortona and C. stygia. Peak numbers were trapped in January, February and March. Almost 25% of wild flies, caught after feeding for up to 3 mm on dog faeces naturally contaminated with taeniid eggs, had eggs in their intestine. When administered to lambs all 4 species of fly transferred infection. Lambs grazed in winter on plots near kennels that had housed dogs with patent infections of T. hydatigena acquired higher worm burdens than those grazed further away. The burdens were greater downwind of the prevailing wind. After removal of the dogs, blowflies caught in the vicinity contained taeniid eggs but the contents of pitfall traps did not. Blowflies, and to a much lesser degree the insects and dust caught on sticky traps during the presence of the dogs, transferred infection when administered to naive lambs.
Cellulose–Hemicellulose and Cellulose–Lignin Interactions during Fast Pyrolysis

Previously, the primary product distribution resulting from fast pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin was quantified. This study extends the analysis to the examinations of interactions between cellulose–hemicellulose and cellulose–lignin, which were determined by comparing the pyrolysis products from their native mixture, physical mixture, and superposition of individual components. Negligible interactions were found for both binary physical mixtures. For the native cellulose–hemicellulose mixture, no significant interaction was identified either. In the case of the native cellulose–lignin mixture, herbaceous biomass exhibited an apparent interaction, represented by diminished yield of levoglucosan and enhanced yield of low molecular weight compounds and furans. However, such an interaction was not found for woody biomass. It is speculated that these results are due to different amounts of covalent linkages in these biomass samples. This study provides insight into the chemistry involved dur.
An Empirical Investigation of Factors Influencing the Success of Customer-Oriented Strategic Systems

A case research strategy was utilized to study first-mover strategic systems which companies had built and offered to their customers in support of a primary product or service. The study investigated eleven systems to discover the factors which enabled or inhibited the following outcomes: developing a first-mover customer-oriented strategic system (COSS); achieving a high level of adoption of the COSS by customers; obtaining competitive advantage from the COSS. In general, the findings supported previous research in the IS implementation and strategic systems literature. Factors that are related to the successful implementation of information systems and the competitive environment of the firm were associated with systems that were developed and introduced to the market first. Factors that are related to the adoption of innovations and information systems and to successful product marketing were associated with high adoption. There were several findings which had not been previously reported in the literature. Early adoption of the system was inhibited by poor support for the sales force and poor quality pilot tests. Long-term penetration was inhibited in cases where the champion lost direct control over the COSS. Competitive advantage was not achieved by any system which had spent less than three years in the market or by those which did not achieve high long-term adoption.
Progress in Facial Reconstruction Technology.

This paper mainly focuses on anatomical knowledge, methodological aspects and their utility in forensic facial reconstruction, along with a survey of the related literature. In view of increased computerization in facial reconstruction, some unique computer technologies are reviewed. In addition, the latest data concerning facial soft tissue thickness, the positional relation between facial features and the underlying skull, and the morphological correlation between face type and facial components in Japanese population are also introduced, with the hope that the information will find efficient use in attaining a reasonable facial reconstruction.
Further insights into syndrome X

Chest pain with normal coronary angiograms is a relatively common syndrome. The mode of presentation of this syndrome includes patients with ‘syndrome X’ and patients with an acute myocardial infarction and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Several authors have attempted to categorise ‘chest pain with normal coronary arteries’ into distinct syndromes: cardiac syndrome X (CSX), vasotonic angina and ‘the sensitive heart’. 1 Other authors preferred to label these patients simply as: ‘patients with normal angiography’. 2 Yet, these terms are often used to describe a different situation for each group of authors. In the study of Chimenti et al ( see page 1926 ) the definition of CSX is ‘patients with chest pain, positive exercise test for myocardial ischaemia and angiographically smooth coronary arteries in multiple angiographic views’. 3 Lanza et al defined CSX as a form of stable effort angina, which, according to careful diagnostic investigation, can reasonably be attributed to abnormalities in the coronary microvascular circulation even in the presence of near normal (<20% luminal narrowing) coronary arteries at angiography.4 Clearly, with this definition, patients with normal angiography are diluted with those with mild coronary artery disease in whom development of subsequent coronary events may simply reflect complication of coronary artery disease that was already present. Acknowledging that mild coronary artery disease is equivalent to normal coronary arteries is an assumption that is contradicted by recent data on the prognosis of those patients presenting acute coronary syndromes without angiographically visible lumen narrowing.5 Abnormalities of pain perception have been reported in patients with CSX.1 In situ thrombosis or embolisation with subsequent clot lysis and recanalisation, coronary artery spasm, cocaine abuse and viral myocarditis have been reported as potential mechanisms responsible for an acute coronary syndrome in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries.6 Recent data suggest that both microvascular …
Injury severity and outcome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies on TBI outcome.

OBJECTIVE The recent movement to apply evidenced-based approaches to medical and rehabilitation care has increased the importance of approximating outcomes as early in the recovery process as possible. The relationship between injury severity and outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI), however, has remained unclear due to the variety of predictor and criterion variables used throughout the literature. METHOD A meta-analysis of eligible prospective studies that assessed the bivariate association between injury severity and outcome at 1-year postinjury was conducted. RESULTS Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria (total N = 21,050 patients). Injury severity was a significant predictor of outcome at 1-year postinjury (r = .257). Homogeneity testing by means of the Q test, Q(n), indicated that injury severity measurement, Q(68) = 1140.76, p < . 00001, outcome measurement, Q(42) = 516.63, p < . 00001, and outcome measurement construct, Q(4) = 14.65, p = . 006, were significant moderators of the injury severity/outcome link. Further, the magnitude of the effect between injury severity and outcome resulted from a significant interaction between the measure of injury severity and the outcome construct. CONCLUSIONS Overall, measures of injury severity were most significantly associated with measures of global outcome and most poorly associated with measures of satisfaction with life. Additionally, a significant interaction was found between the measure of injury severity and the outcome construct indicating that different measures of injury severity more precisely predict one outcome construct over another. Methodological concerns were discussed and recommendations for creating a more parsimonious and integrated literature base were made.
Strength and Stability of Cross-Laminated-Timber Walls at Short and Long Term

Ce memoire de these aborde le probleme du flambement de murs en bois lamelle-croise. Ces panneaux de bois, constitues de planches collees perpendiculairement, sont de plus en plus utilises dans la construction. La tendance actuelle du marche est de concevoir des immeubles de grande hauteur, ce qui souleve la question de la resistance en compression de ces murs. Il s'avere que le bois est fortement anisotrope. En particulier, la raideur et la resistance en cisaillement perpendiculaire aux fibres, egalement appele cisaillement roulant, sont beaucoup plus faibles que dans la direction parallele aux fibres. Ce fort contraste necessite un critere de conception plus elabore que les outils classiques utilises dans l'ingenierie du bois. Ce travail est organise en deux parties. Dans la premiere partie, la raideur equivalente de cisaillement transverse d'un panneau de bois lamelle-croise est etudiee. Des bornes sont etablies par une approche theorique. Ces bornes sont validees par un nouveau dispositif experimental qui permet la mesure de la raideur en cisaillement roulant avec une variabilite plus faible que le test textit{single-lap} classiquement utilise. Dans la deuxieme partie, ces donnees sont utilisees dans l'analyse du flambement de panneaux en bois lamelle-croise en raffinant progressivement le probleme. Dans un premier temps, la charge critique de flambement lineaire d'une plaque epaisse sans imperfections est etablie. Cette charge critique est basee sur une nouvelle theorie de plaque d'ordre superieur et montre que la charge critique de flambement basee sur une theorie de plaque mince (Kirchhoff-Love) ne peut pas estimer correctement la resistance de murs en bois lamelle-croise. Dans un second temps, l'influence des imperfections est etudiee en adaptant l'approche classique de Ayrton et Perry a une poutre de Timoshenko. Cette extension a revele qu'un nouveau critere de resistance doit etre satisfait lors du flambement qui est specifique aux murs en bois lamelle-croise. Dans un dernier temps, cette analyse est etendue aux charges permanentes en supposant une loi de fluage simple qui conduit a un nouveau critere de conception simple qui pourrait facilement etre adopte dans les codes de conception actuels
Comparison of SERCA 1 and SERCA 2 a expressed in COS-1 cells and cardiac myocytes

Sumbilla, Carlota, Marco Cavagna, Lilin Zhong, Hailun Ma, David Lewis, Iain Farrance, and Giuseppe Inesi. Comparison of SERCA1 and SERCA2a expressed in COS-1 cells and cardiac myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H2381–H2391, 1999. —Cultured COS-1 cells, as well as chicken embryonic and neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, were infected with recombinant adenovirus vectors to define limiting factors in the expression and Ca21 transport function of recombinant sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca21 (SERCA) isoforms. Titration experiments showed that all COS-1 cells and myocytes in culture could be infected by an adenovirus titer of 10 plaque-forming units (pfu) per seeded cell. Raising the adenovirus titer further yielded higher protein expression up to an asymptotic limit for functional, membrane-bound SERCA protein. The asymptotic behavior of SERCA expression was not transcription related but was due to posttranscriptional events. The minimal (2268) cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter was a convenient size for adenovirus vector construction and manifested tight muscle specificity. However, its efficiency was lower than that of the nonspecific cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. At any rate, identical maximal levels of SERCA expression were obtained with the CMV and the cTnT promoter, as long as the viral titer was adjusted to compensate for transcription efficiency. A maximal threefold increase of total SERCA protein expression over the level of the endogenous SERCA of control myocytes was reached (a sevenfold increase compared with the endogenous SERCA of the same infected myocytes due to reduction of endogenous SERCA after infection). In contrast with previous reports [Ji et al. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H89–H97, 1999], a higher kinetic turnover was demonstrated for the SERCA1 compared with the SERCA2a isoform as shown by a 5.0versus 2.6-fold increase in calcium uptake rate accompanying maximal expression of recombinant SERCA1 or SERCA2a, respectively. This information is deemed necessary for studies attempting to modify myocardial cell function by manipulation of SERCA expression.
Nursing care for women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia: integrative review.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the available evidence in the literature on nursing care for women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia. METHODS Integrative review searching for primary studies in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and SciELO. RESULTS The sample size consisted of 17 primary studies published between January 2000 and December 2014, grouped into four categories: standardizing blood pressure measurement technique; training with simulation; instruments for standardization of care and quality of care The main nursing actions were: physical examination, early detection of signs of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, monitoring of laboratory tests, fetal assessment, qualification and training of professionals. We identified the need for standardization of care from instruments, protocols and blood pressure measurement technique, early identification and treatment of hypertensive crisis through institutional protocols and review of cases and work processes. CONCLUSION Women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia require specific nursing care, which must be guided by care protocols based on scientific evidence. OBJETIVO Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre assistência de enfermagem às mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia e/ou eclâmpsia. MÉTODO Revisão integrativa cuja busca dos estudos primários foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS e SciELO. RESULTADOS Amostra foi composta por 17 estudos primários, publicados entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2014, agrupados em quatro categorias: padronização da técnica de mensuração da pressão arterial; treinamentos com simulação; instrumentos para padronização da assistência e qualidade da assistência As principais ações de enfermagem foram: exame físico, identificação precoce de sinais de pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia, acompanhamento de exames laboratoriais, avaliação fetal, capacitação e treinamento dos profissionais. Identificou-se a necessidade de padronização do atendimento a partir de instrumentos e protocolos e da técnica de aferição da pressão arterial, identificação e tratamento precoces da crise hipertensiva mediante protocolos institucionais e revisão de casos e processos de trabalho. CONCLUSÃO Mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia e/ou eclâmpsia exigem cuidados de enfermagem específicos, os quais devem ser pautados em protocolos de cuidados baseados em evidências científicas.
Penetration of antibiotics into fibrin loci in vivo. 3. Intermittent vs. continuous infusion and the effect of probenecid.

methods of administration, levels of antibiotic in sc fibrin clots rose progressively until they were similar to peak concentrations of free drug in serum. Levels of ampicillin in these fibrin loci were strikingly higher when the drug was injected intermittently than when the same total dose was given by continuous infusion. This appeared to be due to the higher peak levels attained in serum with the intermittent approach. The concomitant administration of probenecid increased the levels of ampicillin or oxacillin in serum and fibrin clots but did not affect distribution between the two compartments.
Estimates of genetic and environmental (co)variances for live weight and fleece traits in yearling South African Mutton Merino sheep

Yearling live weight and fleece trait data were obtained from between 2214 and 2270 yearling SA Mutton Merino progeny of the Elsenburg flock during a 20-year period from 1983 to 2002. Information of (co)variances for these traits in SA Mutton Merinos is exceedingly scarce in the literature. Estimates of (co)variance components and ratios were thus obtained from these data, using an Animal Model. Coefficients of variation, for live weight as well as greasy and clean fleece weight were above 18%. Corresponding values for clean yield and fibre diameter were below 9%. Estimates of heritability were 0.23 for yearling live weight, 0.38 for greasy fleece weight, 0.39 for clean fleece weight, 0.59 for clean yield and 0.67 for fibre diameter. Maternal permanent environmental variance ratios were only significant for live weight, greasy fleece weight and clean fleece weight, amounting to 0.09, 0.06 and 0.06, respectively. Genetic correlations between yearling live weight and wool weight were positive but low (0.14 for greasy fleece weight and 0.13 for clean fleece weight). Those of live weight with clean yield and fibre diameter were zero and 0.22, respectively. The genetic correlation between greasy fleece weight and clean fleece weight was 0.87. The genetic correlations of greasy fleece weight with clean yield and fibre diameter were –0.07 and 0.21, respectively. Corresponding correlations with clean fleece weight were 0.43 and 0.38, respectively. The genetic correlation of clean yield with fibre diameter amounted to 0.33. In most cases, the derived values were in agreement with those derived from Merino data sets.
OXADM Multiplex Protection Scheme for Bidirectional Path Switched Ring

This paper describes our recent approach toward advanced optical layer networks through the development of optical cross add and drop multiplexing (OXADM). The OXADM node focuses on providing functionally such as transport, multiplexing, routing, supervision, terminating and survivability in optical layer with ring and mesh topologies. OXADM provide survivability through restoration against failures by means of multiplex protection for BPSR configuration. Restoration schemes in OXADM node are more reliable and more efficient compare to conventional OADM and OXC device due to internally routing mechanisms and no 'drop and re-add function' is needed to route the signal to alternative path or processed the signals in both electronic and optical domain as practice in conventional nodes today (1). No difference in output power and BER as compare to pass through signal. The network has undergone performance test at 2.5 Gbps (OC-48) with BER less than 10-9.
Nuclear Targeting of Human Cytomegalovirus Large Tegument Protein pUL48 Is Essential for Viral Growth

ABSTRACT We report the identification of a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) large tegument protein pUL48 that is required for nuclear localization in transfected cells and is essential for viral growth. The NLS was mapped to pUL48 amino acid residues 284 to 302. This sequence contains a bipartite NLS comprising two clusters of basic residues (bC1 and bC2) separated by 9 amino acids. Deletion or mutation of bC1 or mutation of bC2 abrogated the nuclear localization of full-length pUL48 in transiently expressing cells, thus strongly implying a bipartite character of the NLS. Nuclear localization could be restored by fusion of a functional NLS together with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to the N terminus of these mutants. In HCMV-infected cells, pUL48 was found in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, supporting a function of the NLS during virus infection. NLS mutant viruses, generated by markerless bacterial artificial chromosome mutagenesis, were not viable in cell culture, whereas coexpression of pUL48 complemented growth of these mutants. The fusion of a functional NLS to the N terminus of pUL48 in a nonviable NLS mutant virus partially rescued the growth defect. Furthermore, the replacement of the bipartite pUL48 NLS by the monopartite pUL36 NLS of herpes simplex virus 1 supported viral growth to some extent but still revealed a severe defect in focus formation and release of infectious virus particles. Together, these results show that nuclear targeting of pUL48 is mediated by a bipartite NLS whose function is essential for HCMV growth.