Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inconsistency Between the Body Fat Percentages Estimated Through Anthropometric Measurements and Manual Bioimpedance in Children and Adolescents

Se analiza el grado de acuerdo entre los porcentajes de grasa corporal (%GC) estimados mediante medidas antropometricas y por bioimpedancia manual, por genero y grado de adiposidad en poblacion pediatrica. Se valora por antropometria el %GC utilizando la ecuacion de Slaughter para pliegues cutaneos y por bioimpedancia manual (Omron modelo HBF-306INT®) a 321 estudiantes (160 mujeres y 161 hombres) comprendidos entre las edades de 10 a 18 anos. El grado de asociacion entre los metodos se midio mediante el coeficiente de correlacion de Pearson (r). La concordancia entre metodos se analizo mediante el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase (CCI) y coeficiente de correlacion de concordancia de Lin (CCC), agrupando a la poblacion por genero y grado de adiposidad. El metodo de referencia fueron los pliegues cutaneos evaluados por la ecuacion de Slaughter. En la muestra estudiada se registro grados de adiposidad optimo y alto. El r entre bioempedancia y antropometria fue de 0,689 lo que corresponde a moderado. Sin embargo, disminuye por genero y grado de adiposidad (mujeres: optimo 0,409 y alto 0,610; hombres: optimo 0,335 y alto 0,507). El CCI es 0,668 el que igualmente disminuye por genero y grado de adiposidad (mujeres: optimo 0,323 y alto 0,578; hombres: optimo 0,229 y alto 0,506). El CCC en todos fue pobre (<0,90) por genero y grado de adiposidad. El estudio indica discrepancias de estos dos metodos en este rango etareo, lo que se acentua por genero y grado de adiposidad. Por lo tanto, no se sugiere utilizar la bioimpedancia manual como un metodo intercambiable con las medidas antropometricas en ninos y adolescentes, pues subestima el % GC.
Sample size calculations for evaluating mediation

This paper presents sample size calculations for testing the mediation of the effect of a primary predictor by an intermediate variable. This problem is related to validating surrogate markers and to testing the effect of a primary predictor in the presence of confounders. For those problems, proposals for sample size calculation exist in the literature and can be adapted to the problem of mediation. Methods based on the variance inflation factor in linear regression provide exact sample size calculations for the linear model and approximations for the logistic, Poisson, and Cox models. We propose another procedure based on simulation of the underlying data structure, with applications to the logistic and Cox models. For the Poisson model, a new analytic method is also proposed. The behavior of the different proposals is investigated by means of simulation studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural basis of the Stroop interference task: Response competition or selective attention?

Previous neuroimaging studies of the Stroop task have postulated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a critical role in resolution of the Stroop interference condition. However, activation of the ACC is not invariably seen and appears to depend on a variety of methodological factors, including the degree of response conflict and response expectancies. The present functional MRI study was designed to identify those brain areas critically involved in the interference condition. Healthy subjects underwent a blocked-trial design fMRI experiment while responding to 1 of 3 stimulus conditions: (1) incongruent color words, (2) congruent color words, and (3) color-neutral words. Subjects responded to the printed color of the word via a manual response. Compared to the congruent and neutral conditions, the incongruent condition produced significant activation within the left inferior precentral sulcus (IpreCS) located on the border between the inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis (BA 44) and the ventral premotor region (BA 6). Significant deactivations in the rostral component of the ACC and the posterior cingulate gyrus were also observed. Selective activation of the left IpreCS is compatible with findings from previous neuroimaging, lesion, electrophysiological, and behavioral studies and is presumably related to the mediation of competing articulatory demands during the interference condition. (JINS, 2002, 8, 735–742.)
The Role of Men in the Economic and Social Development of Women: Implications for Gender Equality

This paper is a critical review of the literature on the issue of how male behavior affects female outcomes in the promotion of gender equality. It employs the family as the main unit of analysis because a large part of gender interactions occurs within this institution. This survey first summarizes recent studies on the distribution of power within the family and identifies several factors that have altered the bargaining position of men and women over the last decades. It then reviews empirical work on the contribution of men, as fathers and husbands, to the health and socioeconomic outcomes of women in both developed and developing countries. Finally, it discusses a set of economic policies that have intentionally or unintentionally affected men's attitudes and behaviors. The main implication is that policies meant to achieve gender equality should focus on men rather than exclusively target women.
Coping, Attachment, and Mother-Child Narratives of Stressful Events

Based on attachment theory and recent findings with adults on relations between narrative coherence and well-being, we hypothesized that mothers who are more securely attached and who cope more effectively would be more engaged and more emotionally expressive in mother-child co-constructed narratives about stressful events. Twenty-seven mostly white mixed-SES mothers and their 9- to 12-year-old children with asthma were asked to discuss two asthma-specific stressful events together: a chronic parent-child conflict and an acute asthma attack. Few relations emerged for the asthma attack event, although, against predictions, mothers who were more anxiously attached were more engaged and more explanatory in these narratives than mothers who were less anxiously attached. For the conflict event, mothers who were more anxiously attached talked more about other people's emotions than did mothers who were less anxiously attached, and mothers who cope more effectively were more engaged, more emotionally expressive, and more explanatory, and, in turn, their children showed more flexible coping.
Perceptual Style and Visual Contribution to Dynamic Balance: A Pilot Study

Field-independent and -dependent individuals performed a test of dynamic balance (stabilometer) under four different vision conditions (ns = 8), including vision, intermittent vision, no vision, and tilted visual field. Analyses indicated no significant difference between the field-independent and -dependent groups on the balance task. Performance on the task was optimal when continuous visual cues were present. Participants were less stable when only intermittent visual cues were available and least stable when no visual cues were available.
Risk of rabies virus reintroduction on the cost-effectiveness of mass vaccination strategies in Flores Island , Indonesia

3 Table of contents.5 1.Introduction. 7 1.1 General background.7 1.2 Rabies in Flores Island.7 1.2 Main objective and research questions.9 2. Rabies reviewed; current situation and lessons learned so far.11 2.1 Global rabies situation . 11 2.2 Summary on the rabies situation in Indonesia.11 2.3 Rabies control and prevention strategies in Flores island.12 2.4 Socio-economic aspects of rabies control in Flores island.12 2.5 Rabies Modelling in general.13 3. Materials and methods.15 3.1 The models considering a single virus introduction.15 3.2 Stochastic models accounting for the risk of virus re-introduction.23 4. Results.25 4.1 Cost-effectiveness of vaccination strategies given a single virus introduction.25 4.2 Cost-effectiveness of vaccination strategies accounted for virus reintroduction.36 4.2.1 The probability of reintroduction in once every year (P = 0.019) . 36 4.2.2 The probability of reintroduction in once every 3 years (P = 0.006) . 42 5. Discussion.47 6. Conclusion.51 7. Acknowledgements.53 8. References.55 9. Appendix.59
Impalement brain injury from steel rod causing injury to jugular bulb: Case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background: The management of impalement penetrating brain injuries (IPBI) from non-missile objects is extremely challenging, especially when vascular structures are involved. Cerebral angiography is a crucial tool in initial evaluation to assess for vascular injury as standard non-invasive imaging modalities are limited by foreign body artifact, especially for metallic objects. Case study: This study reports a case of an IPBI caused by a segment of steel rebar resulting in injury to the left jugular bulb and posterior temporal lobe. It describes the initial presentation, radiology, management and outcome in this patient and reviews the literature of similar injuries.
Ornamental trade as a pathway for Australian redclaw crayfish introduction and establishment

The ornamental trade is one of the major vectors of freshwater animal species transloca- tion worldwide. The Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus was brought into Singapore through the trade and culture of aquarium specimens during the late 1980s. From 2000 to the present, redclaw crayfish have been observed in at least 3 of Singapore's 13 reservoirs, including 2 inland reservoirs in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR). The current paper presents the first in situ population data of feral C. quadricarinatus populations originating from ornamental trade and includes updated distribution records in Singapore based on recent surveys and museum samples. We report a C. quadricarinatus range expansion in 2 additional reservoirs (1 coastal and 1 inland), and the presence of multiple size cohorts confirms the establishment of reproducing populations in 2 coastal reservoirs and 1 CCNR reservoir. This is alarming as the current distribution borders Singa- pore's oldest and arguably most important nature reserve (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve: BTNR) and encircles the single remaining substantial freshwater swamp forest in the country (Nee Soon). The Nee Soon swamp forest and BTNR have extremely high conservation value as both areas together harbour the richest native freshwater fauna and flora of the island. Therefore, any range expansion of C. quadricarinatus in Singapore may have severe impacts on its native freshwater fauna and demands immediate attention. As C. quadricarinatus is one of the many invasive freshwater species occurring from the aquarium trade in Singapore, we argue that trade control might prevent further establishment of ornamentals.
Antibacterial and Phytochemical Study of Iraqi Salvia officinalis Leave Extracts

Sage (Salvia officinalis), belong to Labiatae family is indigenous to Iraq and other Mediterranean areas but now cultivated world- wide, principally for its use as culinary herb. In the present study preliminary screening for the important phytochemical natural product groups indicated the presence of flavonoid, saponin, hyrolysable and condensed tannin groups. The antibacterial activity of two concentrations 10 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml of chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts from Salvia officinalis leaves was evaluated against four strains of gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas arigenossa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus spp) and two strains of gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cerus) using agar well diffusion method. Chloroform extract 100mg/ml was found active against two types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus with MIC of 90 mg/ml and Proteus spp with MIC of 80 mg/ml. Bioassay guided separation using TLC led to the separation of 6 constituents from the active extract, one of them was identified as thujone. Key words: Salvia officinalis, Antibacterial, TLC, Thujone.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of the Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor Rofecoxib in Humans: Single and Multiple Oral Drug Administration

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of orally administered cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, with single or multiple dosing, is of clinical relevance because it may relate to the analgesic efficacy of these drugs. We enrolled 9 subjects with implanted intrathecal catheters in the study. After 50-mg oral rofecoxib administration, the CSF drug concentration lagged slightly behind the plasma drug concentration. The ratio of the 24-h area under the drug-concentration curve (AUC) in CSF to plasma was 0.142. After daily dosing of rofecoxib 50 mg/d for 9 days, rofecoxib concentrations in plasma and CSF were larger on Day 9 than on Day 1, with the 24-h AUC on Day 9 more than twice the Day 1 AUC for both plasma and CSF. After nine consecutive daily doses of rofecoxib, the AUCCSF/AUCplasma ratio was 0.159. The important findings of this study are that CSF rofecoxib levels are approximately 15% of plasma levels and that repeated daily dosing more than doubles the AUC in CSF.
Effect of frequency of axillary bud pruning on vegetative growth and fruit yield in greenhouse tomato crops

In greenhouse tomato crops, several manual operations are performed each week to keep the plants in optimal growth conditions. But growers are trying to reduce labour costs by spacing out the manual operations. An experimental study was conducted on one particular operation, axillary bud deshooting. The aim is to determine the effect of the deshooting frequency on vegetative growth and fruit yield, in order to help growers to determine the optimal frequency. The trials were conducted in an experimental station in AleÂnya (south France). Four deshooting frequencies were compared on two cultivars: every 7 (control), 10, 14 and 21 days. Deshooting frequency affected both vegetative growth and yield: when deshooting was performed seldom (every 21 days), the stem diameter and the vigour scored by experts were decreased; the number of fruits per m was also reduced, leading to a signi®cantly lower yield. Moreover, the harvest started later than on the control. When the axillary buds were eliminated frequently (7 days), even those located near the apex, it reduced vegetative growth, but not yield. Therefore, from a biological point of view, the optimal deshooting frequency lies between 7 and 14 days, probably depending on climate, season and cultivar vigour. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A Common Polymorphism in the SFTPD Gene Influences Assembly, Function, and Concentration of Surfactant Protein D1

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays important roles in the host defense against infectious microorganisms and in regulating the innate immune response to a variety of pathogen-associated molecular pattern. SP-D is mainly expressed by type II cells of the lung, but SP-D is generally found on epithelial surfaces and in serum. Genotyping for three single-nucleotide variations altering amino acids in the mature protein in codon 11 (Met11Thr), 160 (Ala160Thr), and 270 (Ser270Thr) of the SP-D gene was performed and related to the SP-D levels in serum. Individuals with the Thr/Thr11-encoding genotype had significantly lower SP-D serum levels than individuals with the Met/Met11 genotype. Gel filtration chromatography revealed two distinct m.w. peaks with SP-D immunoreactivity in serum from Met/Met11-encoding genotypes. In contrast, Thr/Thr11 genotypes lacked the highest m.w. form. A similar SP-D size distribution was found for recombinant Met11 and Thr11 expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Atomic force microscopy of purified SP-D showed that components eluting in the position of the high m.w. peak consist of multimers, dodecamers, and monomers of subunits, whereas the second peak exclusively contains monomers. SP-D from both peaks bound to mannan-coated ELISA plates. SP-D from the high m.w. peak bound preferentially to intact influenza A virus and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the monomeric species preferentially bound to isolated LPS. Our data strongly suggest that polymorphic variation in the N-terminal domain of the SP-D molecule influences oligomerization, function, and the concentration of the molecule in serum.
Determination of the Temperature Dependent Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Bulk AlN by HRXRD

Aluminum nitride is a promising substrate material due to its special characteristics. Because of its large band gap of 6.2 eV, AlN could be used for the realization of optoelectronic devices with an emission in the near to mid-UV region. Possible usages are the puriflcation of water or data storage. Furthermore, AlN is an insulator and has a high thermal conductivity, so it can be used as a substrate for high power and high frequency devices. The hardness also results in high sound velocity, which is useful for the construction of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, which are used in communication devices or as sensors. A realization of all these applications fails due to lack of substrates of su‐cient size and quality. Because of the challenging production, which is only possible from vapor phase, up to now only few companies ofier substrates in a reasonable quality. For the production of (opto-)electronic devices, usually epitaxial methods are used, which operate at high temperatures. A big problem is the bending and cracking of the deposited layers, caused by the difierent lattice constants of the used materials, which lead to an intrinsic stress. Furthermore, the thermal expansion can cause additional stress which has to be considered. Hence it is of technological interest to know the thermal behavior of AlN, which will play an increasing role in optoelectronics.
Plasma Leukocyte Elastase Concentration and Coronary Artery Disease

It has previously been shown that leukocyte elastase is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Few studies have addressed the relation between leukocyte elastase concentrations and coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors investigated (1) the clinical significance of leukocyte elastase determi nation in the diagnosis of CAD and (2) the relation between plasma leukocyte elastase concentration and lesion morphology. The study included 185 subjects (140 men, 45 women) who underwent coronary angiography during investigation of chest pain; 135 had coronary stenosis (Group I) and 50 had nonstenotic coronaries (Group II). Among Group I patients, those with simple atheromatous plaques were distinguished from those with complex plaques. Elastase concentrations in Group I were greater than in Group II (57.1 ± 1.16 μg I-1 vs 27.6 ± 1.0 μg I-1, P < 0.001), and greater in complex plaque patients than in those with simple plaques (64.5 ± 1.24 μg I- 1 vs 45.9 ±1.01 μg I-1, P < 0.001 ) . Logistic regression analysis showed (1) that elastase concentration, age, and sex had independent value for prediction of CAD and (2) that among Group I patients, the risk of complex plaques was greatest for those with high elastase concentration. These results suggest that plasma leukocyte elastase concentration is a sensitive diag nostic marker of CAD and that high values of elastase may indicate the presence of complex atheromatous plaques.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lipin Homolog Is a Mg2+-dependent Phosphatidate Phosphatase Enzyme*♦

Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase (3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.4) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of PA to yield diacylglycerol and Pi. In this work, we identified the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PAH1 (previously known as SMP2) gene that encodes Mg2+-dependent PA phosphatase using amino acid sequence information derived from a purified preparation of the enzyme (Lin, Y.-P., and Carman, G. M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8641–8645). Overexpression of PAH1 in S. cerevisiae directed elevated levels of Mg2+-dependent PA phosphatase activity, whereas the pah1Δ mutation caused reduced levels of enzyme activity. Heterologous expression of PAH1 in Escherichia coli confirmed that Pah1p is a Mg2+-dependent PA phosphatase enzyme and showed that its enzymological properties were very similar to those of the enzyme purified from S. cerevisiae. The PAH1-encoded enzyme activity was associated with both the membrane and cytosolic fractions of the cell, and the membrane-bound form of the enzyme was salt-extractable. Lipid analysis showed that mutants lacking PAH1 accumulated PA and had reduced amounts of diacylglycerolanditsderivativetriacylglycerol.ThePAH1-encoded Mg2+-dependent PA phosphatase shows homology to mammalian lipin, a fat-regulating protein whose molecular function is unknown. Heterologous expression of human LPIN1 in E. coli showed that lipin 1 is also a Mg2+-dependent PA phosphatase enzyme.
Histology does not influence prognosis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma when accounting for age, tumour diameter, invasive growth and metastases.

OBJECTIVE Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) show considerable differences in disease stage at initial presentation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in tumour-specific survival if initial staging is accounted for. DESIGN Retrospective chart review study. PATIENTS The study sample comprised 875 PTC and 350 FTC patients (856 females, 369 males, mean age 47.8 years) treated in our hospital from 1978 to 2002. All patients received total thyroidectomy with subsequent I-131 ablation except for those patients with an isolated papillary microcarcinoma. METHODS Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox-regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of histology on thyroid cancer-specific survival. RESULTS FTC patients were on average older, more likely to be male, presented with a larger tumour and more frequently had multifocal carcinoma and distant metastases than PTC patients, whereas they presented less frequently with extrathyroidal invasion or lymph node metastases. Twenty-year tumour-specific survival in PTC was 90.6% and in FTC 73.7% (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis the presence of distant metastases (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), tumour size (P=0.001) and the presence of extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.007), but not histology (P=0.26), were independent determinant variables for tumour-specific survival. CONCLUSION There is no difference in tumour-specific survival between PTC and FTC when accounting for the presence of metastases, age, tumour size and the presence of extrathyroidal invasion.
Influence of p53 expression on sensitivity of cancer cells to bleomycin

In this study, we determined whether p53 expression affected the sensitivity of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colon cancer cells to bleomycin (BLM). Two human NSCLC cell lines (A549 expressing wild‐type p53 and p53‐null H1299) and two colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 p53+/+ and its p53 deficient subline HCT116 p53−/−) were subjected to treatment with BLM. Cells were treated with various concentrations of BLM, and cellular viability was assessed by formazan assay. To investigate the role of p53 in BLM sensitivity, we transduced cells with adenovirus with wild‐type p53, dominant‐negative p53, and GFP control, and analyzed the effect on cellular viability. Cells expressing wild‐type p53 were more sensitive to BLM than p53‐null cells in both NSCLC and colon cancer cells. Sensitivity to BLM of the cells with wild‐type p53 was reduced by overexpression of dominant‐negative p53, while BLM sensitivity of p53‐null cells was increased by wild‐type p53 in both NSCLC cells and colon cancer cells. In conclusion, our data show that p53 sensitizes all four cancer cells lines tested to BLM toxicity and overexpression of p53 confers sensitivity to the cytotoxic activity of the anticancer agent in p53‐null cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:260–269, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20334