Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of Volunteer Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Sweet Corn with Mesotrione Is Unaffected by Atrazine and Tillage

Abstract Volunteer potato is a major weed pest of sweet corn in regions where winter soil temperatures fail to kill tubers left in the ground after harvest. Studies were conducted in 2004 to 2005 to determine the effect of combining atrazine with mesotrione applied POST on volunteer potato control and new tuber production in sweet corn. Mesotrione at 0.035, 0.07, and 0.1 kg/ha and atrazine at 0.3, 0.6, and 1.1 kg/ha were applied alone and in all possible combinations when volunteer potato ranged from 5 to 12 cm tall. Mesotrione applied alone at all rates, atrazine at 1.1 kg/ha, or mesotrione plus atrazine combinations reduced the number of new tubers produced to ≤ 1.1 per plant compared with 11 tubers per plant in nontreated checks. Potatoes treated with atrazine alone at 0.3 or 0.6 kg/ha produced 3.3 or 1.9 tubers per plant, respectively, which could lead to volunteer potato problems in the succeeding crop. Sweet corn yield was not affected by herbicide treatment in 2004 but was reduced in 2005 when atrazine was used alone at 0.3 or 0.6 kg/ha because of poor control of volunteer potato. Additional studies were conducted from 2004 to 2006 to determine volunteer potato control in sweet corn in reduced and conventional tillage and treated with fluroxypyr, mesotrione, or no herbicide. Volunteer potato control was improved and the number and weight of tubers was reduced 79 and 91%, respectively, in conventionally tilled plots treated with fluroxypyr compared with reduced-tillage plots. Control of volunteer potato with mesotrione was greater than 98% and reduced tuber number and weight greater than or equal to all other treatments regardless of tillage level. Nomenclature: Atrazine; fluroxypyr; mesotrione; potato, Solanum tuberosum L. , sweet corn, Zea mays L
Microarray analysis of Tbx5‐induced genes expressed in the developing heart

Tbx5 is a member of the T‐box family of transcription factors and is associated with Holt–Oram syndrome (HOS), a congenital disorder characterized by heart and limb defects. Although implicated in several processes during development, only a few genes regulated by Tbx5 have been reported. To identify candidate genes regulated by Tbx5 during heart development, a microarray approach was used. A cardiac‐derived mouse cell line (1H) was infected with adenoviruses expressing Tbx5 or β‐galactosidase and RNA was isolated for analysis using an Affymetrix gene chip representing over 39,000 transcripts. Real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction confirmed Tbx5 induction of a subset of the genes, including nppa, photoreceptor cadherin, brain creatine kinase, hairy/enhancer‐of‐split related 2, and gelsolin. In situ hybridization analysis indicated overlapping expression of these genes with tbx5 in the embryonic mouse heart. In addition, the effect of HOS‐associated mutations on the ability of Tbx5 to induce target gene expression was evaluated. Together, these data identify several genes induced by Tbx5 that are potentially important during cardiac development. These genes represent new candidate gene targets of Tbx5 that may be related to congenital heart malformations associated with HOS. Developmental Dynamics 235:2868–2880, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lewis Antigen Expression in Gastric Mucosa of Children: Relationship With Helicobacter pylori Infection

Objective Lewis epithelial antigen expression has a role in Helicobacter pylori adherence, presumably mainly in cag A-positive strains. The authors investigated whether Lewis antigen expression in children's gastric mucosa was associated with H. pylori infection, cag A status, patient age, or presence of duodenal ulcer (DU). Methods The expression of Lewis A (Lea), B (Leb), X (Lex), and Y (Ley) was detected by immunohistochemistry in the antral and oxyntic mucosae of 70 children. Children were divided in four age groups (<4 years; 4–8 years; 9–12 years; and 13–18 years). Results Forty-seven of the 70 children had H. pylori and 17 had DU. The cag A status was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 34 patients. Lea and Leb were expressed in 64% and 44% of the patients, respectively; Lex and Ley were expressed in the glands in all of the patients and in the superficial epithelium. Leb expression was more common among patients without H. pylori (15/23, 65%) than in those with H. pylori (16/47, 34%) (P = 0.03). In noninfected patients, Leb and superficial Ley expression were associated with increased age. Leb expression was more common in patients with chronic gastritis than in those with DU. Lex superficial expression was significantly associated with DU in patients with H. pylori. Conclusion In children, the expression of Leb and Ley in the superficial gastric epithelium depends on age. Other receptors, such as Lex, may have a role in H. pylori colonization, especially in patients with DU. Studies assessing the expression of Lewis antigens in children may contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms of acquisition of H. pylori infection.
A 25-year study of nosocomial bacteremia in an adult intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE To identify the organisms, their antibiotic susceptibility, and the associated focus on infection causing nosocomial bacteremia in patients in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) between 1971 and 1995. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING A 12-bed general adult ICU in a 1,000-bed tertiary referral teaching hospital. PATIENTS Four hundred eighty-six episodes of bacteremia involving 570 organisms in 425 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood cultures taken from patients with suspected nosocomial infection were analyzed. Isolated organisms were identified, and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics was determined. Clinical details, including antibiotic treatment, were recorded for all patients. From 1986 to 1995, culture results of samples obtained from other sites were used to help identify the focus of infection causing bacteremia. All results were collected prospectively by clinical microbiologists. Between 1971 and 1990, the number of bacteremias and the relative frequency of isolation of individual organisms changed little, with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella species predominating. During 1991 to 1995, the number of bacteremias increased two-fold, largely attributable to increased isolation of Enterococcus species, coagulase-negative staphylococci, intrinsically antibiotic-resistant gram-negative organisms (particularly P. aeruginosa), and Candida species. The most commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of bacteremic patients throughout the 1970s were amoxicillin and gentamicin. After the introduction of cephalosporins in the early 1980s, their use increased progressively to equal that of gentamicin in the 1990s, whereas amoxicillin use decreased. Since the introduction of cephalosporins, increases in the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative organisms have been largely confined to an outbreak of gentamicin- and ceftazidime-resistant organisms caused by contaminated arterial pressure monitors during 1992 and 1993 and a two-fold increase in ceftazidime resistance of the Pseudomonas species. Gentamicin resistance of gram-negative aerobes remained unchanged (excluding the arterial pressure monitor outbreak), despite gentamicin being one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics throughout the 25-yr period. Between 1986 and 1995, two thirds of all bacteremic organisms were cultured from intravascular catheters, which were designated as the focus of infection, 7% were secondary to gastrointestinal pathology, but only approximately 3% were secondary to wound, respiratory tract, or urinary tract infections. CONCLUSIONS Bacteremias have become more frequent in the ICU, probably because of the increased use of intravascular catheters, which are the most frequent foci for bacteremic infection. The spectrum of organisms has changed, and this can be temporally related to the changes in the antibiotics prescribed. Gentamicin resistance of gram-negative organisms has not increased during a 25-yr period, despite being one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics in the ICU.
Selecting and Assessing the Family‐Friendly Community: Adaptive Strategies of Middle‐Class, Dual‐Earner Couples

Using a life course perspective, this study analyzes the adaptive strategy of community selection utilized by middle-class dual-earner couples, as well as the perceived family friendliness of their communities. Although many common concerns exist (most paramount being safety, jobs, and housing quality), parents are more apt than nonparents to mention the importance of schools, parks, libraries, and community events. For women, safety and proximity to their spouses' jobs are stronger considerations than they are for men. Although respondents mention many similar family-friendly features, only some matter in predicting their overall positive evaluations of community family friendliness. Community is discussed as being an understudied dimension of work-family policy and research.
False memories for shape activate the lateral occipital complex

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence has shown that false memories arise from higher-level conscious processing regions rather than lower-level sensory processing regions. In the present study, we assessed whether the lateral occipital complex (LOC)—a lower-level conscious shape processing region—was associated with false memories for shape. During encoding, participants viewed intact or scrambled colored abstract shapes. During retrieval, colored disks were presented and participants indicated whether the corresponding item was previously “intact” or “scrambled. ” False memories for shape (“intact”/scrambled > “scrambled”/scrambled) activated LOC, which indicates lower-level sensory processing regions can support false memory.
Factors influencing the intention to share knowledge in citizen media with stimulus-organismic-response framework

The trend of citizen journalism enables people to actively share knowledge. This research aimed to analyse which factors influence the individual to share knowledge in citizen media. Our research model was organised using stimulus-organismic-response SOR framework by focusing stimulus from social and technological environment. The five points Likert scale questionnaire was developed and distributed to 850 Kompasiana's contributors the largest citizen media platform in Indonesia via message feature, thus obtaining 295 valid respondents who fill the questionnaire completely. Those data then were analysed by structural equation modelling method using AMOS 22.0. The result shows that both social and technological environment significantly influences the intention to share knowledge.
Hepatitis C, cryoglobulinemia, and cutaneous vasculitis associated with unusual and serious manifestations

Hepatitis C viral infection is currently the leading cause of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. It also is a major predisposing factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that approximately 1–2% of patients with hepatitis C infection have nonhepatic manifestations that are protean in nature. In this report, we describe six unusual cases of nonhepatic manifestations: abdominal vasculitis in two, peripheral neuropathy in two, and one patient each with central nervous system vasculitis and necrotizing cutaneous vasculitis. All patients had cutaneous vasculitis and cryoglobulinemia. None of our patients had cirrhosis, yet three of the six patients died. Because of the severe manifestations, aggressive therapy was instituted with interferon, immunosuppressive medications, i.v. immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis. Our report underscores the importance of recognizing nonhepatic manifestations in patients with hepatitis C infection that may be associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Cancer Therapy : Clinical Phase I Study of Decitabine in Combination with Vorinostat in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors and Non-Hodgkin ' s Lymphomas

Purpose: This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of the combination of decitabine with vorinostat. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were eligible. Sequential and concurrent schedules were studied. Results: Forty-three patients were studied in 9 different dose levels (6 sequential and 3 concurrent). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) on the sequential schedule was decitabine 10 mg/m/day on days 1 to 5 and vorinostat 200 mg three times a day on days 6 to 12. The MTD on the concurrent schedule was decitabine 10 mg/m/day on days 1 to 5 with vorinostat 200 mg twice a day on days 3 to 9. However, the sequential schedule of decitabine 10mg/m/day on days 1 to 5 and vorinostat 200mg twice a day on days 6 to 12 was more deliverable than both MTDs with fewer delays on repeated dosing and it represents the recommended phase II (RP2D) dose of this combination. Dose-limiting toxicities during the first cycle consisted of myelosuppression, constitutional and gastrointestinal symptoms and occurred in 12 of 42 (29%) patients evaluable for toxicity. Themost common grade 3 or higher adverse events were neutropenia (49% of patients), thrombocytopenia (16%), fatigue (16%), lymphopenia (14%), and febrile neutropenia (7%). Disease stabilization for 4 cycles or more was observed in 11 of 38 (29%) evaluable patients. Conclusion: The combination of decitabine with vorinostat is tolerable on both concurrent and sequential schedules in previously treated patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. The sequential schedule was easier to deliver. The combination showed activity with prolonged disease stabilization in different tumor types. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1582–90. 2011 AACR.
Purine and nonpurine pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors target initiation of viral transcription

Background: Antiviral drugs that target viral proteins are very successful but have certain limitations. Consequently, cellular proteins have begun to be considered as potential targets for novel antivirals. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are arguably the cellular proteins best studied as potential targets. Several pharmacological CDK inhibitors (PCIs) have antiviral activity against wild-type or drug-resistant strains of HIV, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus, and human T-cell leukemia virus. Some PCIs such as roscovitine are apparently well tolerated and are scheduled to enter clinical trials as antivirals in 2005. However, the antiviral mechanisms of PCIs remain incompletely characterized, and PCIs with different molecular specificities may inhibit different viral functions. Objective: To evaluate whether PCIs with different molecular specificities target common viral functions. Methods: We evaluated the activiti.
Endoscopic ultrasonography in the preoperative staging of adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction.

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography is considered to be the most accurate procedure in the preoperative staging of oesophageal carcinoma. Its accuracy was evaluated in the preoperative staging of adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction. METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction were preoperatively examined and staged by means of endoscopic ultrasonography. All patients underwent radical en bloc resection of the oesophagus and proximal stomach (or total gastrectomy) with standard lymphadenectomy including thoracic duct and mediastinal fat tissue. The postoperative histopathologic TNM stage was taken as reference. RESULTS An endoscopic ultrasonography examination could be completed in 26 of the patients; the other 6 had obstructive tumour. In two patients infiltration of the tumour into the vital organs (in one patient aortic infiltration and in a second patient pericardial infiltration) was incorrectly suspected. The ability to predict T stage was 65.6%. T stage was overstaged in 31.2% and understaged in 3.1% of the cases. The ability to predict N stage was 71.9%. N stage was overstaged in 25.0% and understaged 3.1% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS In adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction endoscopic ultrasonography helps in predicting resectability, but the exact TN staging is not accurate. Since early detection of tumour and aggressive surgical intervention constitute the only curative treatment, caution must be exercised when judging a patient to be inoperable solely on the basis of endoscopic ultrasonography findings without proven distant metastases.
Measurement of Binding of Basic Drugs to Acidic Phospholipids Using Surface Plasmon Resonance and Incorporation of the Data into Mechanistic Tissue Composition Equations to Predict Steady-State Volume of Distribution

Acidic phospholipid binding plays an important role in determining the tissue distribution of basic drugs. This article describes the use of surface plasmon resonance to measure binding affinity (KD) of three basic drugs to phosphatidylserine, a major tissue acidic phospholipid. The data are incorporated into mechanistic tissue composition equations to allow prediction of the steady-state volume of distribution (Vss). The prediction accuracy of Vss using this approach is compared with the original methodology described by Rodgers et al. (J Pharm Sci 94:1259–1276), in which the binding to acidic phospholipids is calculated from the blood/plasma concentration ratio (BPR). The compounds used in this study [amlodipine, propranolol, and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-4-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-benzenesulfonamide (UK-390957)] showed higher affinity binding to phosphatidylserine than to phosphatidylcholine. When the binding affinity to phosphatidylserine was incorporated into mechanistic tissue composition equations, the Vss was more accurately predicted for all three compounds by using the surface plasmon resonance measurement than by using the BPR to estimate acidic phospholipid binding affinity. The difference was particularly marked for UK-390957, a sulfonamide that has a high BPR due to binding to carbonic anhydrase. The novel approach described in this article allows the binding affinity of drugs to an acidic phospholipid (phosphatidylserine) to be measured directly and demonstrates the utility of the binding data in the prediction of Vss.
Effects of in vitro exposure to hay dust on expression of interleukin-23, -17, -8, and -1beta and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 by pulmonary mononuclear cells from horses susceptible to recurrent airway obstruction.

OBJECTIVE To examine gene expression of selected cytokines in pulmonary mononuclear cells isolated from healthy horses and horses susceptible to recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), and to determine whether interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 were associated with pulmonary inflammation. ANIMALS 6 RAO-susceptible and 5 healthy horses. PROCEDURES Bronchoalveolar lavage cells were retrieved from horses that were stabled and fed dusty hay for 24 hours. Lavage cells devoid of neutrophils were incubated for 24 hours with solutions of PBS, hay dust, lipopolysaccharide, or B-glucan. Gene expression of IL-17, IL-23 (p19 and p40 subunits), IL-8, IL-1B, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), and B-actin was measured by use of real-time reverse transcription PCR assays. RESULTS The degree of inherent expression of target genes in bronchoalveolar lavage cells treated with PBSS was not different between the 2 groups of horses. Relative to exposure to PBSS, exposure to the hay dust solution increased gene expression of all cytokines more than 2-fold in cells from both groups of horses, but the magnitudes of these increases were not different between the groups. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide solution increased gene expression of IL-8, CXCL2, and IL-1B in cells from RAO-susceptible horses, but this increase was not significantly different from that in cells from control horses. Exposure to B-glucan solution failed to increase gene expression in cells from either horse group, compared with gene expression when cells were exposed to PBSS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The acute pulmonary neutrophilia characteristic of RAO was not associated with an increase in upregulation of gene expression of chemokines in pulmonary mononuclear cells from disease-susceptible horses.
Reliability of ultrasound measurements of dermal thickness at digits in systemic sclerosis: role of elastosonography.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of elastosonography to improve the reliability of the ultrasound in the measurement of the dermal thickness at finger level in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of SSc were consecutively recruited. In all patients at the second finger level of the dominant hand the dorsal aspect of proximal and middle phalanx was assessed in grey-scale and also using the elastosonography by an experienced musculoskeletal sonographer. The first step of the study was directed to explore the correlation between measurements of the dermal thickness using the grey-scale and elastosonography. Subsequently, the intra and the inter-reader reliability (between the sonographer who performed the ultrasound study and another sonographer) in the ultrasound measurements of the dermal thickness was assessed. Intra and inter-reader reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and illustrated by Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The ICC values were 0.904 and 0.979 for the intra-observer agreement, and 0.726 and 0.881 for the inter-observer agreement, using only the grey-scale and also the elastosonography, respectively. An excellent correlation was obtained between measurements in grey-scale and adopting the elastosonography by the experienced sonographer (rho=0.99), while the rho values between the two readers were 0.59 and 0.88, using the conventional technique and also the elastosonography, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Elastosonography can improve the reliability of the US measurements of the dermal thickness at finger level in patients with SSc, helping for the identification of the interface dermis/hypodermis.
A new design for luminescent solar concentrating PV roof tiles

In our paper we explore the opportunity of combining luminescent solar concentrating (LSC) materials and crystalline PV solar cells in a new design for a roof tile by design-driven research on the energy performance of various configurations of the LSC PV device and on the aesthetic appeal in a roof construction. We present the roof tile in a system and executed optical modeling of the solar roof tile by Monte-Carlo/ray-tracing simulations by PV trace. We determined the range of appropriate values for thickness and dye concentration for the conceptual design of roof tile LSCs. It can be concluded that thickness of PMMA sheet material could best be in the range of 4 to 6 mm and the concentration of BASF Lumogen Red dye in between 80 and 1000 ppm. Because of aesthetic considerations however various concentration values may be used. In follow-up activities include a.o. parameter studies for different BASF Lumogen dyes and a pilot setup for testing the prototypes outdoors in the Netherlands.