Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid-based nutrient supplement increases the birth size of infants of primiparous women in Ghana.

BACKGROUND The International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Project developed a small-quantity (20 g/d) lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) for pregnant and lactating women. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of prenatal LNS supplementation on fetal growth. DESIGN In a community-based, partially double-blind, individually randomized controlled trial, 1320 women ≤20 wk pregnant received 60 mg Fe/400 μg folic acid (IFA), or 1-2 Recommended Dietary Allowances of 18 micronutrients, including 20 mg Fe (MMN), or LNS with the same micronutrients as the MMN group, plus 4 minerals and macronutrients contributing 118 kcal (LNS) daily until delivery. Fetal growth was compared across groups by using intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome was birth length. RESULTS This analysis included 1057 women (IFA = 349, MMN = 354, LNS = 354). Groups did not differ significantly in mean birth length, length-for-age z score (LAZ), head circumference, or percentage low birth length but differed in mean birth weight (P = 0.044), weight-for-age z score (WAZ; P = 0.046), and BMI-for-age z score (BMIZ; P = 0.040), with a trend toward differences in low birth weight (P = 0.069). In pairwise comparisons, the LNS group had greater mean birth weight (+85 g; P = 0.040), WAZ (+0.19; P = 0.045), and BMIZ (+0.21; P = 0.035) and a lower risk of low birth weight (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.96; P = 0.032) than did the IFA group. The other group differences were not significant. The effect of intervention was modified by mother's parity, age, height, baseline hemoglobin, household food insecurity, and child sex, with parity being the most consistent modifier. Among primiparous women (IFA = 131; MMN = 110; LNS = 128), the LNS group had greater mean birth length (+0.91 cm; P = 0.001), LAZ (+0.47; P = 0.001), weight (+237 g; P < 0.001), WAZ (+0.56; P < 0.001), BMIZ (+0.52; P < 0.001), head circumference (0.50 cm; P = 0.017), and head circumference-for-age z score (+0.40; P = 0.022) than did the IFA group; similar differences were found when comparing the LNS and MMN groups among primiparous women, and no group differences were found among multiparous women. CONCLUSION Prenatal LNS supplementation can improve fetal growth among vulnerable women in Ghana, particularly primiparous women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866.
A flexible multi‐source spatial‐data fusion system for environmental status assessment at continental scale

The monitoring of the environment's status at continental scale involves the integration of information derived by the analysis of multiple, complex, multidisciplinary, and large‐scale phenomena. Thus, there is a need to define synthetic Environmental Indicators (EIs) that concisely represent these phenomena in a manner suitable for decision‐making. This research proposes a flexible system to define EIs based on a soft fusion of contributing environmental factors derived from multi‐source spatial data (mainly Earth Observation data). The flexibility is twofold: the EI can be customized based on the available data, and the system is able to cope with a lack of expert knowledge. The proposal allows a soft quantifier‐guided fusion strategy to be defined, as specified by the user through a linguistic quantifier such as ‘most of’. The linguistic quantifiers are implemented as Ordered Weighted Averaging operators. The proposed approach is applied in a case study to demonstrate the periodical computation of anomaly indicators of the environmental status of Africa, based on a 7‐year time series of dekadal Earth Observation datasets. Different experiments have been carried out on the same data to demonstrate the flexibility and robustness of the proposed method.
Quality of life after cerebrovascular stroke: a systematic study of patients’ preferences for different functional outcomes

Abstract. Hallan S, Åsberg A, Indredavik B, Widerøe TE (University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway). Quality of life after cerebrovascular stroke: a systematic study of patients’ preferences for different functional outcomes. J Intern Med 1999; 246: 309–316.
Infant Feeding Methods and Maternal Sleep and Daytime Functioning

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to explore maternal actigraphically measured sleep, subjective sleep reports, and daytime functioning on the basis of current feeding method status during postpartum weeks 2 through 12. METHODS: Objectively measured total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and fragmentation, subjectively reported numbers of nocturnal awakenings, total nocturnal wake time, and sleep quality, and sleepiness/fatigue measured by using the fatigue visual analog scale, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, or the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were assessed. RESULTS: We did not find differences between women who were exclusively breastfeeding, exclusively formula feeding, or using a combination of the 2 methods, with respect to the assessed parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to encourage women to breastfeed should include information about sleep. Specifically, women should be told that choosing to formula feed does not equate with improved sleep. The risks of not breastfeeding should be weighed against the cumulative lack of evidence indicating any benefit of formula feeding on maternal sleep.
Toxoplasma infection and epilepsy: A case-control study in Iran

Epilepsy is one of the most important neurological diseases with prolonged morbidity and cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the main cause’s aquired epilepsy in developing countries. In this study, we aimed at investigating the frequency of Toxoplasma infection among patients with cryptogenic epilepsy and the epidemiological factors associated with disease. Eighty fi ve patients with cryptogenic epilepsy and 85 healthy subjects were studied. Anti-Toxoplasma antibody status was determined in all serum samples, using ELISA technique. The frequency of Toxoplasma infection was found to be signifi cantly higher in epilepsy patients as compared to the healthy control (14.1%, 4.7%, respectively) (P=0.036). There was no signifi cant difference between cryptogenic epilepsy patients and healthy control in age, education, gender and residency (P>0.05). This study indicates that Toxoplasma infection is a risk factor for epilepsy in Iran.
Anterolateral Ligament of the Fetal Knee: An Anatomic and Histological Study

Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee has recently been described in detail. Most studies of the ALL have been conducted in adults; therefore, little is known about the anatomy and histology of the ALL in younger patients, and nothing is known about the fetal presence of the ALL. Purpose: To evaluate the ALL in human fetuses to determine its presence or absence and to describe its microscopic anatomy and histological features compared with the findings of studies conducted in adults. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Twenty human fetal cadaveric specimens were used. The mean age of the fetuses was 28.64 ± 3.20 weeks. The ALL was dissected in the anterolateral region of the knee, and its anatomic parameters, including its origin, insertion, and path in relation to known adjacent anatomic landmarks, in addition to its length, width, and thickness over the path toward the tibia, were measured. After dissection, the ALL was removed en bloc with a portion of the lateral meniscus for histological analysis of 4-μm sections, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining for type I collagen. Results: The ALL was located in all dissected knees. Its origin was located at a mean distance of 1.87 mm from the origin of the lateral collateral ligament, with variations from the center of the lateral epicondyle to posterior and proximal to it, and it exhibited an anterior-inferior path toward the tibia, an insertion in the lateral meniscus approximately 2.08 mm anterior to the popliteal tendon, and another insertion in the tibia between the Gerdy tubercle and the fibular head at 2.46 mm below the articular cartilage. The histological sections of the ALL showed well-organized, dense collagenous tissue fibers with elongated fibroblasts (mean, 1631 fibroblasts/mm2) and a predominance of type I collagen. Conclusion: The ALL is present during fetal development, with anatomic and histological features similar to those of the adult ALL. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study help to better understand the ALL’s anatomy and histology from the fetal period to adulthood. The study presents the existence of the ALL since fetal development, emphasizes the characterization of the ALL, and brings important information to future pediatric ALL lesion studies.
PTSD and PTG among Israeli mothers: Opposite facets of exposure to terrorism

The aim of the this study was to test the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth (PTG), and coping strategies among Israeli mothers with prolonged exposure to rocket missiles. One hundred fifty-two mothers, from the Western Negev region of Israel, took part in the study. Respondents were affected by prolonged exposure to missile attacks even when they themselves had not been hit or injured. A positive correlation was found between PTSD and PTG. Problem-focused coping was found to mediate the relationship between PTSD and PTG; the higher the PTSD, the greater the use of problem-focused coping and the greater the posttraumatic growth. The results help understand the association between PTSD and PTG. The finding whereby problem-focused coping mediates the PTSD-PTG relationship is important for comprehending the association between the variables and the significance of growth in human life and for constructing intervention programs that promote growth following trauma. In addition, the study contributes to raising awareness both of how mothers cope and that they are a separate risk group with distinct growth possibilities.
LEAFY COTYLEDON 1 Is a Key Regulator of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis 1 [ C ] [ W ] [ OA ]

State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., H.T., Q.Z., F.F., Y.L., J.Z., X.Y., X.W., J.Z.); Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.M., H.T., Q.Z.); and Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (T.W., K.C.)
A Compact, Wideband Circularly Polarized Co-designed Filtering Antenna and Its Application for Wearable Devices With Low SAR

A compact circularly polarized (CP) co-designed filtering antenna is reported. The device is based on a patch radiator seamlessly integrated with a bandpass filter composed of coupled stripline open-loop resonators, which are designed together as a system. In the proposed design, the patch functions simultaneously as the radiator and the last stage resonator of the filter, resulting in a low-profile integrated radiating and filtering module with a small overall form factor of 0. 53λ0 × 0. 53λ0 × 0. 07λ0. It is shown that the filtering circuit not only ensures frequency selectivity but also provides impedance matching functionality, which serves to broaden both the impedance and axial ratio bandwidths. The designed filtering antenna was fabricated and measured, experimentally achieving an S11 <; -13.5 dB, an axial ratio of less than 3 dB and a gain higher than 5.2 dBi over a bandwidth from 3.77 to 4.26 GHz, i.e., around 12.2%, which makes it an excellent candidate for integration into a variety of wireless systems. A linearly polarized version of the integrated filtering antenna was also demonstrated. In addition, further full-wave simulations and experiments were carried out to verify that the designed CP filtering antenna maintains its properties even when mounted on different positions of the human body with various body gestures. The stable impedance and radiation properties also make it a suitable candidate as a wearable antenna for off-body wireless communications.
The development of metabolic risk factors after the initiation of the second line anti- retroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) is accompanied with several metabolic effects like adipose redistribution and insulin resistance. In this study, we evaluated the association between a HAART and lipodystrophy. METHODS A cross sectional study, whose subjects were Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients, was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in south India. Among these, 27 were on protease inhibitors for at-least 6 months and 13 were drug naive patients. The assessments of lipodystrophy, fasting blood sugar and the fasting lipid profile were done and these parameters were compared in the two groups. RESULTS The analysis of the data which was collected, showed an elevation in the total cholesterol levels in the individuals who were on the protease inhibitors versus the drug naive patients. There was a significant elevation in the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and a decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in the individuals who were on protease inhibitors. It was also observed that the HDL cholesterol levels decreased with an increase in the duration of the therapy. The LDL cholesterol levels increased with the duration of the therapy. CONCLUSION The human immunodeficiency virus infection is itself related to the metabolic complications which are aggravated on the use of second line anti retroviral therapy. Therefore, after initiating the treatment with protease inhibitors, a periodic evaluation of the serum lipid levels and the blood sugar profile should be done as a standard care.
Settler colonial incorporation and inheritance: historical sciences, indigeneity, and settler narratives in post-WWII Taiwan

ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that the incorporation and inheritance of indigeneity is central to the making of settler colonialism. While scholars in settler colonial studies predominantly focus on the erasure and silencing of indigenous experience and history, I analyze how indigeneity can be selectively incorporated and inherited into settler-centric narratives of the nation. I examine such settler colonial incorporation and inheritance in postwar Taiwanese historical sciences, in particular, anthropology and archaeology. I investigate how anthropological and archaeological discourse has interpreted the presence of indigenous peoples in relation to nationalist projects across two different periods: the Kuomintang authoritarian period (1949–1987) and the postauthoritarian period (1987–present). In both periods, I argue, anthropologists and archaeologists have been complicit with nationalist narratives in justifying and claiming settler belonging on invaded land. For this purpose, they have incorporated and inherited indigeneity, rather than simply erase it.
XANTUS: a real-world, prospective, observational study of patients treated with rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

Abstract Aims Although non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are recommended for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) based on clinical trial results, there is a need for safety and efficacy data from unselected patients in everyday clinical practice. XANTUS investigated the safety and efficacy of the Factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban in routine clinical use in the NVAF setting. Methods and results Consecutive consenting patients with NVAF newly started on rivaroxaban were eligible and were followed up at ∼3-month intervals for 1 year, or for at least 30 days after permanent discontinuation. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded as AEs or serious AEs; major outcomes (including major bleeding, symptomatic thromboembolic events [stroke, systemic embolism, transient ischaemic attack, and myocardial infarction], and all-cause death) were centrally adjudicated. There were 6784 patients treated with rivaroxaban at 311 centres in Europe, Israel, and Canada. Mean patient age was 71.5 years (range 19–99), 41% were female, and 9.4% had documented severe or moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min). The mean CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were 2.0 and 3.4, respectively; 859 (12.7%) patients had a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 or 1. The mean treatment duration was 329 days. Treatment-emergent major bleeding occurred in 128 patients (2.1 events per 100 patient-years), 118 (1.9 events per 100 patient-years) died, and 43 (0.7 events per 100 patient-years) suffered a stroke. Conclusion XANTUS is the first international, prospective, observational study to describe the use of rivaroxaban in a broad NVAF patient population. Rates of stroke and major bleeding were low in patients receiving rivaroxaban in routine clinical practice. Trial registration number Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01606995.
Trends in prescriptions for oxycodone and other commonly used opioids in the United States, 2000–2010

Background Little information has been published on opioid prescribing practices in the United States as a whole for any year since 2005, despite increased use and increased overdoses. The objective of this study was to describe trends in prescribing rates and prescription sizes for commonly used opioids over the past decade. Methods We used 2 data systems. Vector One: National (VONA; data obtained for the period 2000–2009) is a service that can estimate the number of prescriptions dispensed by retail pharmacies. The Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS; data obtained for the period 2000–2010) is a mandatory reporting system that allows the US Drug Enforcement Administration to monitor certain controlled substances from the point of manufacture to the point of sale. ARCOS data represent the amount of controlled substances legitimately distributed at the retail level. We calculated crude prescription rates of various opioids from VONA data, total drug amounts distributed (as milligrams per 100 persons) from ARCOS data and morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per prescription by combining data from these 2 sources. Results The number of opioid prescriptions per 100 persons increased by 35.2%, from 61.9 to 83.7, during the period 2000–2009. The distribution of opioids to US pharmacies, in milligrams per 100 persons, increased by at least 100% for all selected opioids during the period 2000–2010. The average size of an oxycodone prescription increased by 69.7% (from 923 MME to 1566 MME) during the same period, while the average size of a hydrocodone prescription increased by 69.4% (from 170 MME to 288 MME). The increase for fentanyl was smaller (20.9%) (from 4804 MME to 5809 MME). Interpretation The rate of opioid prescribing, the amount of opioids distributed and the average prescription size all increased markedly in the United States over the past decade. Rates of death from opioid overdose also have increased steadily through 2008 and have likely continued to increase in subsequent years. Effective measures to prevent prescription drug overdoses have yet to be identified and employed.
Derivation of Generalized Camassa-Holm Equations from Boussinesq-type Equations

In this paper we derive generalized forms of the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation from a Boussinesq-type equation using a two-parameter asymptotic expansion based on two small parameters characterizing nonlinear and dispersive effects and strictly following the arguments in the asymptotic derivation of the classical CH equation. The resulting equations generalize the CH equation in two different ways. The first generalization replaces the quadratic nonlinearity of the CH equation with a general power-type nonlinearity while the second one replaces the dispersive terms of the CH equation with fractional-type dispersive terms. In the absence of both higher-order nonlinearities and fractional-type dispersive effects, the generalized equations derived reduce to the classical CH equation that describes unidirectional propagation of shallow water waves. The generalized equations obtained are compared to similar equations available in the literature, and this leads to the observation that the present equations have not appeared in the literature.
Tempo and mode of early animal evolution: inferences from rocks, Hox, and molecular clocks

Abstract One of the enduring puzzles to Stephen Jay Gould about life on Earth was the cause or causes of the fantastic diversity of animals that exploded in the fossil record starting around 530 Ma—the Cambrian explosion. In this contribution, we first review recent phylogenetic and molecular clock studies that estimate dates for high-level metazoan diversifications, in particular the origin of the major lineages of the bilaterally-symmetrical animals (Bilateria) including cnidarians. We next review possible “internal” triggers for the Cambrian explosion, and argue that pattern formation, those processes that delay the specification of cells and thereby allow for growth, was one major innovation that allowed for the evolution of distinct macroscopic body plans by the end of the Precambrian. Of potential “external” triggers there is no lack of candidates, including snowball earth episodes and a general increase in the oxygenation state of the world's oceans; the former could affect animal evolution by a mass extinction followed by ecological recovery, whereas the latter could affect the evolution of benthic animals through the transfer of reduced carbon from the pelagos to the benthos via fecal pellets. We argue that the most likely cause of the Cambrian explosion was the evolution of macrophagy, which resulted in the evolution of larger body sizes and eventually skeletons in response to increased benthic predation pressures. Benthic predation pressures also resulted in the evolution of mesozooplankton, which irrevocably linked the pelagos with the benthos, effectively establishing the Phanerozoic ocean. Hence, we suggest that the Cambrian explosion was the inevitable outcome of the evolution of macrophagy near the end of the Marinoan glacial interval.
A NEW POPULATION OF COMPTON-THICK AGNs IDENTIFIED USING THE SPECTRAL CURVATURE ABOVE 10 keV

We present a new metric that uses the spectral curvature (SC) above 10 keV to identify Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in low-quality Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) X-ray data. Using NuSTAR, we observe nine high SC-selected AGNs. We find that high-sensitivity spectra show that the majority are Compton-thick (78% or 7/9) and the remaining two are nearly Compton-thick (NH ≃ (5–8) × 1023 cm−2 ). We find that the SCBAT and SCNuSTAR measurements are consistent, suggesting that this technique can be applied to future telescopes. We tested the SC method on well-known Compton-thick AGNs and found that it is much more effective than broadband ratios (e.g., 100% using SC versus 20% using 8–24 keV/3–8 keV). Our results suggest that using the >10 keV emission may be the only way to identify this population since only two sources show Compton-thick levels of excess in the Balmer decrement corrected [O iii] to observed X-ray emission ratio ( ) and WISE colors do not identify most of them as AGNs. Based on this small sample, we find that a higher fraction of these AGNs are in the final merger stage (<10 kpc) than typical BAT AGNs. Additionally, these nine obscured AGNs have, on average, ≈4× higher accretion rates than other BAT-detected AGNs ( compared to ). The robustness of SC at identifying Compton-thick AGNs implies that a higher fraction of nearby AGNs may be Compton-thick (≈22%) and the sum of black hole growth in Compton-thick AGNs (Eddington ratio times population percentage) is nearly as large as mildly obscured and unobscured AGNs.