Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unraveling social categorization in the "who said what?" paradigm.

A multinomial model of the "Who said what? " paradigm (S. E. Taylor, S. T. Fiske, N. J. Etcoff, & A. J. Ruderman, 1978) explains the pattern of participants' assignment errors by means of the joint operation of several processes. Specifically, memory for discussion statements, person memory, category memory, and 3 different guessing processes can be accommodated by the model. The model's ability to disentangle these processes is validated in a series of 5 experiments. The model thereby enables a more refined use of the "Who said what? " paradigm in testing theories of social categorization. This is demonstrated in a 6th experiment in which the validated model is applied to the study of the effects of cognitive load on categorization.
Clinical Significance of Adjuvant Surgical Resection for Initially Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer Responsive to Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS We have reported a clinically meaningful local-control effect and a hepatic metastatic tumor-regression effect of transcatheter peripancreatic arterial embolization-hepatic and splenic arterial infusion chemotherapy (TPPAE-HSAIC) for unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance, of adjuvant surgical resection after TPPAE-HSAIC. METHODOLOGY We assessed histopathological findings and outcomes of 6 patients who underwent surgical resection of tumors judged to be radically resectable after attaining tumor down-staging or long-term tumor control following TPPAE-HSAIC for pancreatic cancer initially diagnosed as unresectable. RESULTS Clinical stage at the initial diagnosis was T4N0M0 Stage III in 4 patients and T4N0M1 Stage IV in 2 patients. The durations of TPPAE-HSAIC ranged from 5 to 46 months with a median of 19 months. An R0 resection was performed in 5 of the 6 patients (83%) and pathological down-staging, from the viewpoint of clinical stage, was observed in 4 patients. Of the 5 patients with R0 resection, one died from a postoperative complication at 7 months and another from pulmonary metastasis at 30 months post-operatively, while the other 3 patients have survived for 45 to 83 months to date. CONCLUSIONS If surgical resection of pancreatic cancer initially diagnosed as unresectable can be carried out in patients responding favorably to TPPAE-HSAIC, the likelihood of long-term survival might be increased.
Hybrid particle swarm optimizer with tabu strategy for global numerical optimization

Particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is a population- based evolutionary algorithm which is widely adopted due to its simple implementation and fast convergence. But, when optimizing complex problems, PSO may lead to premature convergence. In this paper, inspired by the core idea of the tabu search algorithm, we incorporate the tabu strategy and propose a revised PSO with a view to increase population diversity and to reduce the repeated attractions by local minima. The two-stage searching strategy offers a good trade-off between exploration and exploitation and meanwhile, experimental results show significant performance improvements on seven benchmark functions.
Beyond Class A: A Proposal for Automatic Evaluation of Discourse

The DARPA Spoken Language community has just completed the first trial evaluation of spontaneous query/response pairs in the Air Travel (ATIS) domain.1 Our goal has been to find a methodology for evaluating correct responses to user queries. To this end, we agreed, for the first trial evaluation, to constrain the problem in several ways:Database Application: Constrain the application to a database query application, to ease the burden of a) constructing the back-end, and b) determining correct responses;
Formation of Virus Assembly Intermediate Complexes in the Cytoplasm by Wild-Type and Assembly-Defective Mutant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Their Association with Membranes

ABSTRACT We have previously identified two distinct forms of putative viral assembly intermediate complexes, a detergent-resistant complex (DRC) and a detergent-sensitive complex (DSC), in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected CD4+ T cells (Y. M. Lee and X. F. Yu, Virology 243:78–93, 1998). In the present study, the intracellular localization of these two viral assembly intermediate complexes was investigated by use of a newly developed method of subcellular fractionation. In wild-type HIV-1-infected H9 cells, the DRC fractionated with the soluble cytoplasmic fraction, whereas the DSC was associated with the membrane fraction. The DRC was also detected in the cytoplasmic fraction in H9 cells expressing HIV-1 Myr− mutant Gag. However, little of the unmyristylated Gag and Gag-Pol proteins was found in the membrane fraction. Furthermore, HIV-1 Gag proteins synthesized in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in the absence of exogenous lipid membrane were able to assemble into a viral Gag complex similar to that of the DRC identified in infected H9 cells. The density of the viral Gag complex was not altered by treatment with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, suggesting a lack of association of this complex with endogenous lipid. Formation of the DRC was not significantly affected by mutations in assembly domains M and L of the Gag protein but was drastically inhibited by a mutation in the assembly I domain. Purified DRC could be disrupted by high-salt treatment, suggesting electrostatic interactions are important for stabilizing the DRC. The Gag precursor proteins in the DRC were more sensitive to trypsin digestion than those in the DSC. These findings suggest that HIV-1 Gag and Gag-Pol precursors assemble into DRC in the cytoplasm, a process which requires the protein-protein interaction domain (I) in NCp7; subsequently, the DRC is transported to the plasma membrane through a process mediated by the M domain of the matrix protein. It appears that during this process, a conformational change might occur in the DRC either before or after its association with the plasma membrane, and this change is followed by the detection of virus budding structure at the plasma membrane.
The Corporate Governance Mosaic and Financial Reporting Quality

The purpose of this paper is to review research on corporate governance and its impact on financial reporting quality. This review will serve three purposes: (1) to suggest a corporate governance mosaic(i.e., the interactions among the actors and institutions that affect corporate governance) that encompasses a broader view of governance than has been considered in prior accounting research; (2) to provide an overview of the principal findings of prior research; and (3) to identify important gaps in the research that represent promising avenues for future study.
Impact of Trainings on Employees Outcome in IT sector Pakistan

research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume 12 Issue 6 Version 1.0 March 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4588 & Print ISSN: 0975-5853
Attenuation of low-order current harmonics in three-phase LCL-filtered grid-connected inverters

A direct grid-current control method is proposed to attenuate low-order current harmonics in three-phase LCL-filtered grid-connected inverters. This method allows the use of a distorted reference current, thus the reference can be generated directly from grid voltage or by a simple phase-locked loop (PLL). It is found that the direct control is necessary for effectively attenuating the current harmonics caused by the distortion in the grid voltage. Active damping is achieved with an inner inverter-current feedback loop, which is found to be superior to the widely used capacitor-current feedback damping in improving system stability. A systematic controller design procedure is proposed to optimize system performance. Experimental results confirm the improved harmonic attenuation ability of the proposed method in comparison to that of conventional control methods.
Clinical features and survival among children with retinoblastoma in Uganda

Aims To characterise the clinical features, treatment and outcome of children diagnosed with retinoblastoma in Uganda. Methods The study comprised a 6-year nationwide enrolment with follow-up. Results In total, 282 cases were enrolled, 26% (72) were bilateral; 6% were lost to follow-up. Almost all diagnoses in the first affected eye were International Classification of Retinoblastoma group E or worse. Histology was available for 92%; of those, 45%, had extraocular tumour at diagnosis. Enucleation of the first eye was done for 271; 94 received radiotherapy to the socket and in the last 2 years, 70 children received chemotherapy. At close of study, 139 children had died. Survival, as determined in a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, laterality and treatment era (pre or post introduction of chemotherapy), varied by extent of the tumour (p<0.001); children with only intraocular involvement were 80% less likely to die (HR=0.21, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.35) compared with children with extraocular involvement. Conclusions Diagnostic delay results in relatively high mortality among children with retinoblastoma in Uganda. There is an urgent need for more effective treatment modalities, particularly chemotherapy, and nationwide efforts to encourage earlier access to medical care.
Prevalence of Urogenital Carcinoma in Stranded California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) from 2005–15

Abstract: Urogenital carcinoma is common in wild California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) along the west coast of the US. From 1979 to 1994, this cancer was observed in 18% (66/370) of necropsied subadult and adult sea lions at The Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California. A retrospective review of records from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2015 was performed to characterize prevalence and characteristics of cancer over this decade. Fourteen percent (263/1917) of necropsied sea lions had cancer, of which 90% (237/263) were urogenital carcinoma. The prevalence of urogenital carcinoma was significantly higher in adults compared to juveniles and subadults. Advanced-stage disease with metastases was identified histologically in 78% (182/232) of cases and was the cause of death in 95% (172/182) of these cases. Metastases were most common in lung and lymph nodes, and hydronephrosis, secondary to ureter obstruction by metastases, was identified in 62% (114/185) of animals with advanced disease. No significant temporal change in prevalence was detected over the decade, and this highly aggressive, fatal cancer remains common in stranded California sea lions.
Experimental approaches to kinetics of gas diffusion in hydrogenase

Hydrogenases, which catalyze H2 to H+ conversion as part of the bioenergetic metabolism of many microorganisms, are among the metalloenzymes for which a gas-substrate tunnel has been described by using crystallography and molecular dynamics. However, the correlation between protein structure and gas-diffusion kinetics is unexplored. Here, we introduce two quantitative methods for probing the rates of diffusion within hydrogenases. One uses protein film voltammetry to resolve the kinetics of binding and release of the competitive inhibitor CO; the other is based on interpreting the yield in the isotope exchange assay. We study structurally characterized mutants of a NiFe hydrogenase, and we show that two mutations, which significantly narrow the tunnel near the entrance of the catalytic center, decrease the rates of diffusion of CO and H2 toward and from the active site by up to 2 orders of magnitude. This proves the existence of a functional channel, which matches the hydrophobic cavity found in the crystal. However, the changes in diffusion rates do not fully correlate with the obstruction induced by the mutation and deduced from the x-ray structures. Our results demonstrate the necessity of measuring diffusion rates and emphasize the role of side-chain dynamics in determining these.
Re-engineering the course design and delivery of Australian tertiary education programmes: perspectives from Chinese students

This article reports on interview-based research on Chinese students' perceptions of aspects of university study and their reasons for undertaking Australian programmes. In this cross-cultural setting, perceptions of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ subjects were elicited, and the need to standardise or adapt programmes to meet Chinese students' needs is considered. The study indicates that a culturally inclusive learning environment needs to be established by teachers. Teachers should modify their delivery approach to make it more compatible with Chinese learners' learning and thinking styles. Students studying in both Australia and China were interviewed.
2-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-1-(diaminomethylene)hydrazinium chloride monohydrate

In the cation of the title compound, C8H10ClN4O+·Cl−·H2O, the guanidinium group is planar (maximum deviation = 0.0001 Å) and nearly perpendicular to carboxamide group, making a dihedral angle of 87.0 (3)°. The N atoms of the guanidine fragment have a planar trigonal configuration and the N atom of the carboxamide group adopts a pyramidal configuration. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the cations, anions and water molecules into layers parallel to the bc plane.
Therapeutic options for the treatment of tinea capitis: Griseofulvin versus fluconazole

Background: Tinea capitis is a relatively common fungal infection of childhood. Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of treatment for many years. However, newer oral antifungal agents are being used more frequently. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole in comparison with griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea capitis. Methods: We performed a single‐blind, randomized, prospective evaluation of 40 patients with a clinical and mycologic diagnosis of tinea capitis. One group received fluconazole for 4 weeks. The other group received griseofulvin for 6 weeks. Five clinical parameters were evaluated. Mycologic examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of 8 weeks. Results: Patients ranged in age from 1 to 16 years; 80% were boys and 20% were girls. Mycologic examinations disclosed Trichophyton verrucosum in 40% of patients, T. violaceum in 40% and Microsporum canis in 20%. At week 8, the griseofulvin‐treated group showed a cure rate of 76%, and the fluconazole‐treated group 78%. The cure rates were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Fluconazole constitutes an alternative but, because of greater availability and lower cost, griseofulvin remains the treatment of choice for tinea capitis.
Going Grey? Comparing the OCR Accuracy Levels of Bitonal and Greyscale Images

Information awareness is distinct from explicit infonnation seeking, such as searching. We describe an information awareness tool that supports text composition by providing awareness of relevant content and references proactively and non-intrusively. As a user composes text, the tool automatically searches mUltiple sources, retrieves results, and displays links to the results. The tool has been implemented using Web 2.0 and Digital Library 2.0 technologies, and is flexible and highly configurable.
Equidistribution on the Sphere

A concept of generalized discrepancy, which involves pseudodifferential operators to give a criterion of equidistributed pointsets, is developed on the sphere. A simply structured formula in terms of elementary functions is established for the computation of the generalized discrepancy. With the help of this formula five kinds of point systems on the sphere, namely lattices in polar coordinates, transformed two-dimensional sequences, rotations on the sphere, triangulations, and "sum of three squares sequence," are investigated. Quantitative tests are done, and the results are compared with one another. Our calculations exhibit different orders of convergence of the generalized discrepancy for different types of point systems.
Lithium in ALS: from the bench to the bedside

We recently published a paper (1) showing that autophagy may be a plausible therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Lithium has known neuroprotective properties and is an inducer of autophagy. Treatment of ALS motor neurons with lithium led to the removal of altered mitochondria and the appearance of newly formed, intact, mitochondria. This effect was apparent in different experimental settings ranging from different cell lines, cultured ventral spinal cord cells bearing the G93A mutation and within motor neurons from G93A mice in vivo. Strikingly, lithium also increased the number of lamina VII neurons, which degenerate early in the disease course in animals with the G93A mutation. This effect was associated with lithium-induced neurogenesis in the spinal cord, and with concomitant suppression of glial proliferation. The ‘uniqueness’ of the pharmacological effects observed in the spinal cord in vitro and in vivo at experimental level prompted us to test the efficacy of lithium in human patients. Therefore, we undertook a small pilot study in a group of ALS patients. We treated 16 patients with lithium and compared this cohort with 28 patients receiving only riluzole following randomization (Table I) (see supplemental data online). None of these patients was on BIPAP or PEG tubes. During the study, eight patients receiving riluzole required BIPAP and/or PEG before dying, while all patients treated with lithium have survived for more than 15 months, and to date none has required BIPAP. There have been no significant side- effects in the lithium treated group. We agree with most of the comments by Meningier, Shefner and Cudkowicz. Based on the results generated by our single-blinded pilot study, we are currently engaged in a large double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial specifically designed to determine the efficacy of lithium in ALS. This trial will ensure balanced recruitment of patients, and will also ensure that the biases inherent in small single-blinded studies are eliminated. However, a series of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic questions remain 2 including optimal dose and frequency of lithium administration that stimulate autophagy. Furthermore, it remains unknown as to whether the combination of lithium with another autophagy inducer (e.g. rapamycin) should be used. Finally, it is not known whether lithium, as an inducer of autophagy, is more efficacious early in the course of the disease. We sincerely hope that our contribution will stimulate further research into the possible therapeutic benefit of targeting autophagy in ALS, and look forward to participating in a well-designed phase III clinical trial of lithium with our international colleagues.
The psychology of chronic post-surgical pain: new frontiers in risk factor identification, prevention and management

In an era of considerable advances in anaesthesiology and pain medicine, chronic pain after major surgery continues to be problematic. This article briefly reviews the known psychological risk and protective factors associated with the development of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). We begin with a definition of CPSP and then explain what we mean by a risk/protective factor. Next, we summarize known psychological risk and protective factors for CPSP. Psychological interventions that target risk factors and may impact postsurgical pain are reviewed, including the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based approach to CPSP prevention and management we use in the Transitional Pain Service (TPS) at the Toronto General Hospital. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for research in risk factor identification and psychological interventions to prevent CPSP. Several pre-surgical psychological risk factors for CPSP have been consistently identified in recent years. These include negative affective constructs, such as anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing and general psychological distress. In contrast, relatively few studies have examined psychological protective factors for CPSP. Psychological interventions that target known psychological risk factors while enhancing protective psychological factors may reduce new incidence of CPSP. The primary goal of our ACT intervention is to teach patients a mindful way of responding to their postsurgical pain that empowers them to interrupt the negative cycle of pain, distress, behavioural avoidance and escalating opioid use that can limit functioning and quality of life while paradoxically amplifying pain over time. Early clinical outcome data suggest that patients who receive care from TPS physicians reduce their pain and opioid use, yet patients who also receive our ACT intervention have a larger decrease in daily opioid dose while reporting less pain interference and lower depression scores.
Patients With a History of Idiopathic Deep Venous Thrombosis Have Long-Term Increased Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Markers of Endothelial Damage

Introduction: Although the role of inflammation in DVT has been investigated in different studies, there is no definite answer as to whether increased systemic inflammation is the cause or the consequence of DVT. Aim: To follow inflammatory parameters in a cohort of patients with idiopathic DVT. Methods: Out of 49 patients with an acute idiopathic DVT, which were investigated four months after an acute episode (DEVTA 1), 43 patients were included in the follow-up study investigating inflammatory markers and hemostatic markers of endothelial damage five years after an acute DVT (DEVTA 2). A control group consisted of 43 sex and age matched healthy subjects (CONTROLS). Results: The levels of inflammatory markers were significantly higher in DEVTA 2 in comparison to CONTROLS: tumor necrosis factor alpha 2.0 pg/mL (1.1-2.3) vs 1.3 pg/mL (0.8-1.9), p < . 001, high sensitivity C-reactive protein 3.2 mg/L (1.5-5.2) vs 1.7 mg/L (0.9-3.0), p = . 008, interleukin-6 (IL-6) 2.7 pg/mL (2.0-3.5) vs 2.1 pg/mL (1.5-2.6), p = . 025, IL-8 5.0 pg/mL (3.6-7.3) vs 2.4 pg/mL (1.8-2.8), p < . 001. IL-10 was significantly decreased (0.9 pg/mL (0.7-1.8) vs 1.8 (1.5-2.2), p < . 001. Most of the proinflammatory markers remained elevated in the DEVTA 2 in comparison to DEVTA 1. Markers of endothelial damage were higher in DEVTA 2 in comparison to CONTROLS and higher than in DEVTA 1. Conclusion: Patients with idiopathic DVT have long-term increased inflammatory markers and markers of endothelial damage. These findings favor the hypothesis that inflammation is a cause and not merely a consequence of acute DVT.