Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ectopic hippocampal neurogenesis in adolescent male rats following alcohol dependence

The adolescent hippocampus is highly vulnerable to alcohol‐induced damage, which could contribute to their increased susceptibility to alcohol use disorder. Altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis represents one potential mechanism by which alcohol (ethanol) affects hippocampal function. Based on the vulnerability of the adolescent hippocampus to alcohol‐induced damage, and prior reports of long‐term alcohol‐induced effects on adult neurogenesis, we predicted adverse effects on adult neurogenesis in the adolescent brain following abstinence from alcohol dependence. Thus, we examined neurogenesis in adolescent male rats during abstinence following a 4‐day binge model of alcohol dependence. Bromodeoxyuridine and Ki67 immunohistochemistry revealed a 2.2‐fold increase in subgranular zone cell proliferation after 7 days of abstinence. Increased proliferation was followed by a 75% increase in doublecortin expression and a 56% increase in surviving bromodeoxyuridine‐labeled cells 14 and 35 days post‐ethanol exposure, respectively. The majority of newborn cells in ethanol and control groups co‐localized with NeuN, indicating a neuronal phenotype and therefore a 1.6‐fold increase in hippocampal neurogenesis during abstinence. Although these results mirror the magnitude of reactive neurogenesis described in adult rat studies, ectopic bromodeoxyuridine and doublecortin positive cells were detected in the molecular layer and hilus of adolescent rats displaying severe withdrawal symptoms, an effect that has not been described in adults. The presence of ectopic neuroblasts suggests that a potential defect exists in the functional incorporation of new neurons into the existing hippocampal circuitry for a subset of rats. Age‐related differences in functional incorporation could contribute to the increased vulnerability of the adolescent hippocampus to ethanol.
Exogenous Application of Platelet-Leukocyte Gel during Open Subacromial Decompression Contributes to Improved Patient Outcome

Background: Platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG) is being used during various surgical procedures in an attempt to enhance the healing process. We studied the effects of PLG on postoperative recovery of patients undergoing open subacromial decompression (OSD). Methods: PLG was produced from platelet-leukocyte-rich plasma (P-LRP), prepared from a unit of whole blood. Forty patients were included in the study. Self-assessed evaluations, using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system of activities of daily living (ADL), joint instability, pain levels, pain medications, and clinical evaluations for range of motion were conducted. Results: Platelet and leukocyte counts were significantly increased in the P-LRP compared to baseline counts. Treated patients demonstrated decreased visual analog scales for pain and used significantly less pain medication, had an improved range of motion during passive forward elevation, external rotation, external rotation with arm at 90° abduction, internal rotation, and cross body adduction compared to control patients (p < 0.001). No differences in the instability score were observed between the groups. Furthermore, treated patients performed more ADL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the PLG-treated group, recovery was faster and patients returned earlier to daily activities and also took less pain medication than control subjects.
Influence of two different sitting positions on postural adjustments in children with spastic diplegia

The present study addressed the question whether the deviant postural adjustments in children with spastic diplegia can be attributed to their crouched sitting position or primarily to their neural deficit. Postural adjustments during sitting in an erect and in a crouched position on a movable platform were assessed in 10 children, aged 3 to 7 years 6 months, with mild‐to‐severe forms of spastic diplegia and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched control children. Multiple surface EMGs of neck, trunk, and leg muscles and kinematics of head, body sway, and pelvis were recorded during forward and backward translations. The children with normal motor development showed a distinct adaptation of postural adjustments to sitting position. The children with cerebral palsy (CP) had a deficient adaptational capacity which was more pronounced in the erect than in the crouched position. Thus, the crouched sitting position did not induce postural deficiency but seemed to offer a solution to the sensory‐motor problem of the instability experienced. Children with severe diplegia exhibited a lack of direction specificity in the leg muscles during backward body sway, which points to a basic deficit in postural control. In addition, these children showed marked dysfunctions in the precise tuning of the postural adjustments to task‐specific conditions. In the children with mild‐to‐moderate forms of CP the basic level of control was intact.
Mortality in relation to season, age, sex, and reproduction in Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus)

We investigated the timing of and age at mortality in Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) in relation to sex and reproductive status. Life-history data were collected from 1994 to 1999 in the foot - hills of the Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada. We predicted increased mortality for males during mating and for fe- males during lactation. Further, we expected reproductively successful females to have higher mortality than females that did not reproduce successfully. Finally we assumed that at some age reproductive success of females would de- crease and mortality increase because of old age. For both sexes, survival over winter was high (ca. 90%) for adults. While there was a significant increase in mortality of adult males during the mating season, females did not have higher mortality during lactation than during the rest of the active season. Reproductive status influenced mortality in females: non-reproducing females had a higher chance of surviving than reproducing females. Females that weaned young were more likely to die after the weaning period than females that lost their litter during lactation. There was a positive correlation between maternal survival and survival of offspring to yearling age. Our results showed evidence of trade-offs between reproduction and survival of male and female Columbian ground squirrels.
Executive functioning among young people in relation to alcohol use

Purpose of review This article reviews recent findings regarding neurobehavioral factors which may be associated with risk for alcohol misuse, as well as those which may occur as a result of alcohol misuse during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Recent findings Current research extends previous findings by engaging multiple assessment methods and integrating behavioral and imaging technologies. These efforts reinforce previous findings regarding alcohol-related changes in macrostructure while demonstrating alterations in brain connectivity previously underappreciated. Longitudinal work now being reported suggests problem use during adolescence may be associated with persistent neurobehavioral aberrations. Summary For many years, little attention was directed to the neurobehavioral consequences of alcohol use across adolescence and emerging adulthood or to the neurobehavioral factors which might predispose youth to alcohol misuse. Recent work provides critical insights regarding the underpinnings of the deficits in executive function often observed in those at risk for alcohol dependence and those who develop alcohol use disorders. These studies suggest that, even when behavioral deficits are not evident, changes in brain connectivity and microstructure may be observed. Programmatic, longitudinal research must be conducted to determine the relevance of these alterations to use trajectories and long-term adaptation.
The Influence of p53 Functions on Radiation-Induced Inflammatory Bystander-Type Signaling in Murine Bone Marrow

Radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects, in which DNA damage is produced by inter-cellular communication, indicate mechanisms of generating damage in addition to those observed in directly irradiated cells. In this article, we show that the bone marrow of irradiated p53+/+ mice, but not p53–/– mice, produces the inflammatory pro-apoptotic cytokines FasL and TNF-α able to induce p53-independent apoptosis in vitro in nonirradiated p53–/– bone marrow cells. Using a congenic sex-mismatch bone marrow transplantation protocol to generate chimeric mice, p53–/– hemopoietic cells functioning in a p53+/+ bone marrow stromal microenvironment exhibited greater cell killing after irradiation than p53–/– hemopoietic cells in a p53–/– microenvironment. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated fewer damaged p53–/– cells in a p53+/+ microenvironment than p53–/– cells in a p53–/– microenvironment. Using the two different model systems, the findings implicate inflammatory tissue processes induced as a consequence of p53-dependent cellular responses to the initial radiation damage, producing cytokines that subsequently induce ongoing p53-independent apoptosis. As inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is a common event in malignant cells developing in a stromal microenvironment that has normal p53 function, the signaling processes identified in the current investigations have potential implications for disease pathogenesis and therapy.
Theoretical Issues on Contemporary Methods of Estimate the Lifetime Value of Hypermarket Business: Geospatial Approach as New Method

The business profitability is an important issue for the hypermarket business around the world and vast literature was found on its measurements, model, and approaches of studied. In general, related literature showed that various methodologies have been used to estimate the profitability via specific model where dominating by financial and accounting based instrument with specific aims on maximizing the customer lifetime value (CLV). In fact, the measurements that have been used are arising some issues on theoretical part of the CLV estimation which it has faced some problem regarding customer evaluation as a centre part of CLV. Traditionally, financial or accounting variables has been improved and reused in different ways continuously, where the method it self in is still stagnant as before. The objective of this paper is to overview the theoretical issues of contemporary method based on the CLV related model of financial and accounting of estimating hypermarket profitability. Secondly, this paper is highlighting the geospatial method as new way for estimate the CLV of hypermarket. In future, the potential use of geospatial method will be brings new hope on better predication the CLV which considers non-financial variables as compared to traditional CLV method.
Climate change and alpine stream biology: progress, challenges, and opportunities for the future

In alpine regions worldwide, climate change is dramatically altering ecosystems and affecting biodiversity in many ways. For streams, receding alpine glaciers and snowfields, paired with altered precipitation regimes, are driving shifts in hydrology, species distributions, basal resources, and threatening the very existence of some habitats and biota. Alpine streams harbour substantial species and genetic diversity due to significant habitat insularity and environmental heterogeneity. Climate change is expected to affect alpine stream biodiversity across many levels of biological resolution from micro‐ to macroscopic organisms and genes to communities. Herein, we describe the current state of alpine stream biology from an organism‐focused perspective. We begin by reviewing seven standard and emerging approaches that combine to form the current state of the discipline. We follow with a call for increased synthesis across existing approaches to improve understanding of how these imperiled ecosystems are responding to rapid environmental change. We then take a forward‐looking viewpoint on how alpine stream biologists can make better use of existing data sets through temporal comparisons, integrate remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, and apply genomic tools to refine knowledge of underlying evolutionary processes. We conclude with comments about the future of biodiversity conservation in alpine streams to confront the daunting challenge of mitigating the effects of rapid environmental change in these sentinel ecosystems.
The ABCs of Math: A Genetic Analysis of Mathematics and Its Links With Reading Ability and General Cognitive Ability.

The goal of this first major report from the Western Reserve Reading Project Math component is to explore the etiology of the relationship among tester-administered measures of mathematics ability, reading ability, and general cognitive ability. Data are available on 314 pairs of monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twins analyzed across 5 waves of assessment. Univariate analyses provide a range of estimates of genetic (h(2) = . 00 -. 63) and shared (c(2) = . 15-. 52) environmental influences across math calculation, fluency, and problem solving measures. Multivariate analyses indicate genetic overlap between math problem solving with general cognitive ability and reading decoding, whereas math fluency shares significant genetic overlap with reading fluency and general cognitive ability. Further, math fluency has unique genetic influences. In general, math ability has shared environmental overlap with general cognitive ability and decoding. These results indicate that aspects of math that include problem solving have different genetic and environmental influences than math calculation. Moreover, math fluency, a timed measure of calculation, is the only measured math ability with unique genetic influences.
Response : Is there any evidence supporting a critical role of ectopic PI-9 expression in tumor immune escape ?

differentially expressed in all main subtypes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Haematologica. 2004:89:1314-1321. 6. Sayers TJ, Brooks AD, Ward JM, et al. The restricted expression of granzyme M in human lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2001;166:765-771. 7. Bots M, Kolfschoten IG, Bres SA, et al. SPI-CI and SPI-6 cooperate in the protection from effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Blood. 2005;105:1153-1161. 8. Medema JP, de Jong J, Peltenburg LT, et al. Blockade of the granzyme B/perforin pathway through overexpression of the serine protease inhibitor PI-9/ SPI-6 constitutes a mechanism for immune escape by tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:11515-11520.
Präbiotikasupplementation Schwangerer und ihre Wirkung auf die mütterliche und kindliche Darmflora sowie auf ausgewählte fetale Immunparameter - eine randomisierte, doppelblinde, placebo-kontrollierte Pilotstudie

Diese Studie ist die erste, randomisierte, doppel-blinde, placebo-kontrollierte Langzeitpilotstudie, welche die Wirkung der Prabiotika-Supplementation wahrend der Schwangerschaft auf die Zusammensetzung der mutterlichen und kindlichen Darmmikroflora untersucht. Die Prabiotika-Supplementation im letzten Trimenon der Schwangerschaft zeigte eine gute Vertraglichkeit und einen bifidogenen Effekt auf die Darmflora Schwangerer. Im Gegensatz dazu, hatte die Prabiotika-Supplementation keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Anzahl der Lactobazillen (Bakterien/mL) oder deren prozentualen Anteil an der Gesamtdarmmirkoflora. Ein Einfluss auf die mutterliche Stuhlfrequenz bzw. Konsistenz und auf die vaginalen pH-Werte war nicht nachweisbar. Die Prabiotika- und die Placebo-Supplementierten Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht bezuglich der neonatalen Entwicklung der Bifidobakterien- und Lactobazillen-Microflora sowie der untersuchten Nabelschnurparameter. Aus den vorliegenden Daten schliesen wir, dass die mutterliche Prabiotika-Supplementation nicht zur Induktion eines bifidogenen Effekts in der Darmflora gestillter Kinder empfohlen werden kann. Es ist anzunehmen, dass eine Erhohung der Bifidobakterien im Neugeborenendarm effektiver durch die direkte Supplementation der Babynahrung mit Prabioitika erreicht werden kann. Aus diesem Grund, schliesen wir uns dem Konsens des ESPGHAN Komitees an und kommen angesichts des Fehlens von Daten bezuglich wichtiger klinischer Langzeit Vorteile durch Prabiotika (z.B. gastrointestinale Infektionen, allergische Erkrankungen) [121], zu dem Schluss dass „keine generelle Empfehlung der Supplementation von Babynahrung mit Prabiotika“ gegeben werden kann. Ob und in welchem Ausmas zugefutterte Neugeborene von einer mit Bifidobakterien angereicherten mutterlichen Flora profitieren, muss noch untersucht werden. Zukunftige randomisierte multizentrische klinische Studien an einem reprasentativen Kollektiv werden, bei Berucksichtigung funktioneller sowie validierter klinischer Parameter, den Stellenwert der Prabiotika-Supplementation als prophylaktische und gegebenenfalls therapeutische Masnahme beleuchten.
Structural Basis for Three-step Sequential Catalysis by the Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme CYP11A1*

Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1 or P450 11A1) is the only known enzyme that cleaves the side chain of cholesterol, yielding pregnenolone, the precursor of all steroid hormones. Pregnenolone is formed via three sequential monooxygenation reactions that involve the progressive production of 22R-hydroxycholesterol (22HC) and 20α,22R-dihydroxycholesterol, followed by the cleavage of the C20-C22 bond. Herein, we present the 2.5-Å crystal structure of CYP11A1 in complex with the first reaction intermediate, 22HC. The active site cavity in CYP11A1 represents a long curved tube that extends from the protein surface to the heme group, the site of catalysis. 22HC occupies two-thirds of the cavity with the 22R-hydroxyl group nearest the heme, 2.56 Å from the iron. The space at the entrance to the active site is not taken up by 22HC but filled with ordered water molecules. The network formed by these water molecules allows the “soft” recognition of the 22HC 3β-hydroxyl. Such a mode of 22HC binding suggests shuttling of the sterol intermediates between the active site entrance and the heme group during the three-step reaction. Translational freedom of 22HC and torsional motion of its aliphatic tail are supported by solution studies. The CYP11A1–22HC co-complex also provides insight into the structural basis of the strict substrate specificity and high catalytic efficiency of the enzyme and highlights conserved structural motifs involved in redox partner interactions by mitochondrial P450s.
Validity of Suicidality Items From the Youth Risk Behavior Survey in a High School Sample

The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is used by the United States Centers for Disease Control to estimate rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents. This study investigated the validity of the YRBS suicidality items by examining their relationship to criterion variables including loneliness, anxiety, depression, substance use, and other suicidality items. Participants were 386 high-school students. YRBS items assessing suicidal thoughts and behaviors demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity.
Exploring the Forensic Use of the Emotional Recognition Test (ERT)

General “hypo-emotionality” has now become a broadly accepted concept as one of the conspicuous psychological characteristics of repetitive, violent offenders. Numerous psychophysiological studies have verified this premise. The current study sought to examine the applicability of the Emotional Recognition Test (ERT) in a sample of 85 Korean inmates in a maximum-security prison. Two additional criterion groups were included for comparison: normal controls and schizophrenic inpatients. Because the ERT consists of problem-solving items, it is relatively free from response biases and is more efficient than measuring physiological responses. Results indicated that all criterion groups scored significantly differently on the ERT total and subscale scores. Additionally, similar to the physiological emotion-specific findings, emotion-specific subscales of the ERT indicated that offenders had significantly more difficulty in recognizing negative emotional stimuli, particularly sadness.
Trem-Like Transcript 2 Is Expressed on Cells of the Myeloid/Granuloid and B Lymphoid Lineage and Is Up-Regulated in Response to Inflammation

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) gene cluster encodes a group of transmembrane proteins that are emerging as important components in innate and adaptive immunity. In both mice and humans, the TREM gene cluster encodes eight receptors; only four of these, however, are direct homologs: TREM-1, TREM-2, TREM-like transcript 1 (TLT1), and TLT2. Of the transmembrane receptors encoded by the four conserved genes within this cluster, TLT2 has not been studied previously. Data presented in this study demonstrate that TLT2 is expressed early in B cell development in conjunction with B220 and is detected on all developing mouse B cell populations as well as B cells in the periphery. TLT2 expression on B cells in the periphery exhibits a distinct hierarchy with the highest detectable levels observed on B1 B cells in the peritoneum. The overall gradation of TLT2 expression on B cells is: B1 > marginal zone/transitional 2 > transitional 1 > follicular. Additionally, TLT2 expression was observed on mouse neutrophils throughout the body. Although monocytes were not observed to express TLT2, resident peritoneal and lung macrophages do express TLT2, suggesting that it is up-regulated in association with terminal differentiation of monocytes. Finally, both neutrophils and macrophages were observed to up-regulate TLT2 expression in vivo in response to inflammatory stimuli, whereas TLT2 expression on B cells remained unchanged. In conclusion, the data suggest that TLT2 may be involved in the innate immune response based on its expression profile and the fact that it is up-regulated in response to inflammation.
Building a Better World through Information Systems - An Explorative Survey among Leading IS Researchers

IS research and practice needs to take on the big questions and global challenges. While the IS community is well positioned to assist in addressing these challenges, IS research has been criticized to lack relevance. We investigate how and to which extent IS can contribute to build a better world, in particular with regard to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We therefore conduct an explorative survey among leading IS researchers on a global scale. Based on 171 responses, we employ qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to synthesize the survey data, document and discuss results, and derive implications. Besides positive aspects, the survey also reveals challenges and critique concerning IS research. We provide a starting point, create awareness, and stimulate further discussions and research. With the right focus and alignment, IS practice and research has the potential to take on the big questions and can help to build a better world.
Sinus paranasalis of the Egyptian buffalo, Bos(Bubalus)bubalis L.

Summary Twenty heads of Egyptian buffaloes, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. were examined. A full anatomical description of the paranasal sinuses is given. Zusammenfassung Der Sinus paranasalis des Agyptischen Buffels, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Die Anatomie des Sinus paranasalis des Aegyptischen Buffels wird beschrieben. Resume Sinus paranasal du buffle egyptien, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Nous avons examine vingt tetes de buffles egyptiens, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Nous donnons une description anatomique complete et detaillee des sinus paranasaux. Resumen Los senos paranasales del bufalo egipcio, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Se examinaron 20 cabezas de bufalos egipcios, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Ofrecese una descripcion anatomica detallada de los senos paranasales.