Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chaos-related properties on the product of semiflows

In this paper we generalize some results about the chaos-related properties on the product of two semiflows, which appeared in the literature in the last few years, to the case of the most general possible acting monoids. In order to do that we introduce some new notions, namely the notions of a directional, psp and sip monoid, and the notion of a strongly transitive semiflow. In particular, we obtain a sufficient condition for the Devaney chaoticity of a product, which works for the (very large) class of the psp acting monoids.
Social Influence in Networks of Practice: An Analysis of Organizational Communication Content

Networks of Practice (NoPs) facilitate knowledge sharing among geographically dispersed organization members. This research tests whether social influence in NoPs is reinforced by actors’ embeddedness in practice (knowledge about informal content), organizational embeddedness (knowledge about formal organizational content), structural embeddedness (knowledge about who knows what), and relational embeddedness (knowledge about informal relationships). A full-fledged automated content analysis on all postings on four NoPs maintained by a multinational chemical company revealed four dimensions in communication content that largely coincide with the proposed embeddedness types. We measured social influence by assessing to what extent actors’ use of uncommon language traits was adopted in the responses to the postings. Hypothesis testing revealed that network members who communicate about informal practice, and know who knows what, exert more social influence than others. The results suggest that network members’ social influence is rooted in their utilitarian value for others, and not in their organizational or relational embeddedness.
Social impacts of forest policy changes in Western Australia on members of the natural forest industry: implications for policy goals and decision-making processes

Inmanycountries,timberharvestingfromnaturalforestsisaccompaniedbysocialconflictthatgovernmentsseek to mitigate, often through the introduction of policy changes that reduce the forest industry’s access to natural forest wood. Forest policy changes often have important implications for businesses and workers dependent on forest resources; however, the social impacts of such changes remain relatively unexplored. We conducted an ex post facto assessment of social impacts experienced by members of the forest industry in the Australian state of Western Australia following the introduction of three forest policy changes between 1999 and 2004. Results indicate that the process by which forest policy decisions were made, the nature of the resulting policy changes, and the actions people took in response, together contributed to three key negative social impacts: uncertainty, a perception of injustice, and financial stress. These impacts in turn led to diminished perceptions of industry security, thus discouraging business owners from investing in the industry, rather than encouraging investment,whichwasakeygoaloftheforestpolicychanges.Theresultshighlighttheimportanceofrecognizing, avoiding and mitigating negative social impacts associated with policy changes, as these impacts can hinder the realization of policy goals.
ACTIVE FLOW CONTROL BY COUNTERCURRENT JETS

The paper presents the results of experimental analysis of theflowfield inslightlyheatedcountercurrentroundjets.Thevelocitymeasurements were carried out by means of hot-wire anemometry (a combinedCTACCAsystemfortemperaturecompensation). Theinstantaneoussignals collectedduringtheexperimentweredigitallyprocessedandusedfordeterminationofthestatisticsofvelocityandtemperaturefieldsincluding frequency characteristics.The results revealed that thefluid aspiration at the jet periphery significantly influences large-scale st naturallyexistingintheflowandbeingresponsibletoagreatextentforthe mixingandentrainmentinthefreeflow.Theaspirationintensitywasfoundasthekeyparameterdecidingaboutthewaythereversefloweither inhibits orenhancetransportprocesses.
Microwave scattering coefficient of snow in MEMLS and DMRT-ML revisited: the relevance of sticky hard spheres and tomography-based estimates of stickiness

Abstract. The description of snow microstructure in microwave models is often simplified to facilitate electromagnetic calculations. Within dense media radiative transfer (DMRT), the microstructure is commonly described by sticky hard spheres (SHS). An objective mapping of real snow onto SHS is however missing which prevents measured input parameters from being used for DMRT. In contrast, the microwave emission model of layered snowpacks (MEMLS) employs a conceptually different approach, based on the two-point correlation function which is accessible by tomography. Here we show the equivalence of both electromagnetic approaches by reformulating their microstructural models in a common framework. Using analytical results for the two-point correlation function of hard spheres, we show that the scattering coefficient in both models only differs by a factor which is close to unity, weakly dependent on ice volume fraction and independent of other microstructural details. Additionally, our analysis provides an objective retrieval method for the SHS parameters (diameter and stickiness) from tomography images. For a comprehensive data set we demonstrate the variability of stickiness and compare the SHS diameter to the optical equivalent diameter. Our results confirm the necessity of a large grain-size scaling when relating both diameters in the non-sticky case, as previously suggested by several authors.
TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF CHRYSOGONUM (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE)

Three allopatric varieties are recognized within Chrysogonum virginianum: the northern var. virginianum, with non-stoloniferous plants and mostly leafy aerial stems; the southern (Gulf coastal plain) var. australe, with flagellate stolons and only leafless aerial stems; and the geographically intermediate var. brevistolon, var. nov., with stolons of intermediate length and mostly leafy aerial stems. These three taxa are separated by other minor and overlapping differences. Intermediates apparently occur, but uncommonly, between var. virginianum and var. brevistolon. Variety australe is more strongly separated in geographic range and more distinct in morphology.
Protective Effects of Erdosteine on the Testes of Cisplatin- Treated Adult Male Albino Rats: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Background: Cisplatin is considered a potent chemotherapeutic drug used in clinical oncology but causes testicular damage as a side effect. Erdosteine is a mucolytic drug possessing an antioxidant capacity. Aim of the Work: The present study was planned to evaluate the possible protective effect of erdosteine against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, ten rats each: control, erdosteine-treated (50 mg/kg body weight/day, orally for 7 days), cisplatin-treated (a single dose of 7mg/ kg intraperitoneally) and erdosteine/cisplatin-treated. Erdosteine was administered 24h before cisplatin injection and was continued until animal sacriﬁce. Six days after cisplatin administration, all rats were anaesthetized with ether. The scrotum of each animal was incised and the testes were removed and processed to be examined by both the light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Examination of the testicular specimens of the cisplatin-treated group revealed severe testicular damage with signiﬁcant reduction in the tubular diameter and germinal epithelium thickness compared to the control group. Shrunken tubules, germ cell loss and apoptotic changes in most of the cells, especially the primary spermatocytes and round spermatids were noticed. The mature spermatids appeared markedly decreased in number and the existing ones showed abnormal forms. Increased interstitial edema and apparent decrease in the Leydig cells were also observed. Erdosteine administration before cisplatin showed amelioration of the testicular architecture. Despite the mild degenerative changes in some spermatogenic cells, cell loss was markedly decreased and most of the tubular lumina were full of mature spermatids. Apparent increase in the Leydig cells and decreased interstitial edema was also noticed. Conclusions: Erdosteine partially protected the rat testes against the cisplatin-induced toxicity most probably via its potent antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.
Comparison and analysis of two aerosol retrievals over the ocean in the Terra/Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System–Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer single scanner footprint data: 2. Regional evaluation

Received 8 February 2005; revised 20 June 2005; accepted 23 August 2005; published 9 November 2005. [1] Satellite aerosol remote sensing entered a new era with the deployment of advanced satellite imaging instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Terra and Aqua satellites. These new instruments provide the opportunity to learn more about aerosol properties than was possible using the simpler NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), which has been used to retrieve aerosol optical thickness for more than 20 years. Combining historical AVHRR and the more advanced MODIS aerosol retrievals to form a long-term aerosol data record is critical for studying aerosol climate forcing. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to build a connection and establish consistency between the two retrievals through a careful evaluation of the two retrieval methods applied to the same data. As a first step in this effort, this paper exploits the potential of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single-Scanner Footprint (SSF) data set that includes aerosol products derived from Terra MODIS data at the same locations using both the multichannel MODIS and the two-channel AVHRR aerosol retrieval algorithms. The analysis examines the differences in the results seen over oceans on a global scale. It was found in a global mean sense that advancement in the aerosol retrieval over ocean from the MODIS algorithm relative to the AVHRR method is realized mostly in the improvement of the aerosol size parameter (ASP) rather than in the aerosol optical thickness (AOT). However, regional differences were observed in both AOT and ASP retrieved from the MODIS and AVHRR algorithms. These are examined further in the second part of this two-part paper. Cloud contamination and surface roughness appear to affect both aerosol retrievals, effects that need further investigation.
Nonconscious Activation of Achievement Goals Moderated by Word Class and the Explicit Achievement Motive

In a series of experiments, Bargh, Gollwitzer, Lee-Chai, Barndollar, and Trotschel (2001) documented that achievement goals can be activated outside of awareness and can then operate nonconsciously in order to guide self-regulated behavior effectively. In three experiments (N = 69, N = 71, N = 56), two potential moderators of the achievement goal priming effect were explored. All three experiments showed small but consistent effects of the nonconscious activation of the achievement goal, though word class did not moderate the priming effect. There was no support for the hypothesis that the explicit achievement motive moderates the priming effect. Implications are addressed in the light of other recent studies in this domain and further research questions are outlined.
Thermodynamical formalism for robust classes of potentials and non-uniformly hyperbolic maps

Abstract We develop a Ruelle–Perron–Fröbenius transfer operator approach to the ergodic theory of a large class of non-uniformly expanding transformations on compact manifolds. For Hölder continuous potentials not too far from constant, we prove that the transfer operator has a positive eigenfunction, which is piecewise Hölder continuous, and use this fact to show that there is exactly one equilibrium state. Moreover, the equilibrium state is a non-lacunary Gibbs measure, a non-uniform version of the classical notion of Gibbs measure that we introduce here.
The effect of dreissenid invasions on chlorophyll and the chlorophyll : total phosphorus ratio in north-temperate lakes

We investigated the effects of dreissenid mussel (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis) invasions on the concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl) and total phosphorus(TP), and the Chl:TP ratio within 27 north-temperate lakes that spanned large gradients in lake size and trophic status, using two approaches: (i) regression analysis and (ii) hierarchical modeling. Overall, Chl declined by 40%–45% after dreissenid invasion and the magnitude of effect was structured by epilimnetic volume within stratified, but not nonstratified (mixed) lakes. Declines in TP over the invasion period were significant only for stratified systems and were smaller (∼16% reduction from pre-invasion values) than for Chl. Across the complete trophic gradient (i.e., among lakes) the regression approach (analysis of covariance) indicated a significant decline in the intercept of the Chl:TP, but not the slope. In contrast, hierarchical modeling indicated a decline in the slope of Chl:TP among lakes between pre- and post-invasi.
Experiences in Care Given During Child Birth at a Referral Hospital in Kenya

The fifth Millennium development Goal (MDG) calls for a reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by 75% between 1990 and 2015, with a key indicator being the proportion of births attended to by skilled health personnel, (United Nations, 2007). In Kenya the MMR is 400 and has made insufficient progress towards improving maternal health, (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, 2013). According to KDHS (2014), the proportion of skilled birth attendance is 46.5%, while in Kenya it is 62% against an MDG target of 90%. According to Zaers S. , et al., (2008), prior experience in delivery care by skilled attendants affects their subsequent use of these services. In Africa little research has been carried out on the experiences of mothers in facility-based delivery care. This study was therefore set to describe the experiences of women during labour and delivery at a referral hospital in Kenya This was a cross sectional descriptive study that focused on experiences of delivery care by postnatal mothers at a referral hospital in Kenya. Systematic random sampling from a sampling frame of 327 was employed to recruit post-natal mothers who delivered in labour ward and four postnatal wards. A total of 109 participants were recruited into the study. Views and experiences of recently delivered women were elicited using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire focusing on four dimensions of participants’ intrapartum experience. Data was analyzed using ANOVA. Research results were presented in frequency distribution tables, graphs and charts. P-values were used to determine the statistical significance of the results obtained. Most participants (87.7%) agreed that they were treated with respect, accorded privacy and asked to consent, prior to the initiation of the procedures. A single aspect of communication, namely health provider explanation of health status with understandable terms was poorly rated (mean 1.8 to 2.2) as was the level of genuine interest in patient well-being (mean = 1.7 to 2.0) which was significant in the study. Most participant (n = 102(93.6%) said they would recommend delivery services at KNH to friends or family, although 6% of them said they would not recommend. Majority of the participants had a positive experience of quality in delivery care. This was evidenced by the fact that majority of then stated that they would come to deliver in the same institution again or recommend a relative or friend. Aspects of care such as health providers communicating to clients in understandable terms and showing genuine interest in patients wellbeing was rated poorly. Institutional factors such as inadequate space and shortage of staff were also noted to be significantly contributing to negative experience of delivery care in the study
Photodissolution and other photochemical changes upon irradiation of algal detritus

Several recent lines of literature point toward strong photoreactivity of phytoplanktonic detritus. We examined effects of irradiation of algal membrane fragments in various stages of decay, with emphasis on transfer of materials from solid to dissolved phase (photodissolution). After simulated solar irradiation for 24 h, up to several tens of percent of particulate organic matter converted to photodissolved organic matter (PDOM). Prior microbial decay enhanced PDOM production. PDOM had initially high C:N ratios, which decreased with irradiation time. Dissolved organic nitrogen dominated nitrogen photodissolution, followed by minor photoammonification and negligible nitrite plus nitrate production. Chromophoric particulate organic matter bleached at visible wavelengths and underwent dissolution, creation, and bleaching at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, resulting in net loss of color in particulates and net gain of largely UV‐absorbing PDOM that also exhibited humic‐type fluorescence. Solid phase proteinaceous material became less accessible to proteases after microbial decay but regained this accessibility upon irradiation. Irradiation under anoxic conditions roughly halved production of PDOM, including chromophores and humic fluorophores. Oxygen enhancement of these reactions, along with production of peroxides, implies a strong role for photosensitization. Pigments, unsaturated lipids, and tryptophan emerged as likely sources of reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxides appeared as a reactive intermediate product. If these reactions in the ocean scale to pigment loss as found in our experiments, at least 5‐15% of particulate organic matter could undergo photodissolution before settling in some planktonic environments. This photodissolution would enhance remineralization by photic zone microbial communities and thus upper ocean elemental recycling.
Effect of Scriptural Violence on Aggression

Violent people often claim that God sanctions their actions. In two studies, participants read a violent passage said to come from either the Bible or an ancient scroll. For half the participants, the passage said that God sanctioned the violence. Next, participants competed with an ostensible partner on a task in which the winner could blast the loser with loud noise through headphones (the aggression measure). Study 1 involved Brigham Young University students; 99% believed in God and in the Bible. Study 2 involved Vrije Universiteit–Amsterdam students; 50% believed in God, and 27% believed in the Bible. In Study 1, aggression increased when the passage was from the Bible or mentioned God. In Study 2, aggression increasedwhen thepassagementionedGod, especiallyamong participants who believed in God and in the Bible. These results suggest that scriptural violence sanctioned by God can increase aggression, especially in believers. Do not think that I have come to bring peace upon the earth. I have come to bring not peace but the sword. (Matthew 10:34, New
Time-Dependent Changes In Viewing Behavior On Similarly Structured Web Pages

This article focuses on the impact of observation time and web page structure on viewing behavior. 63 subjects observed similarly structured pages of a popular commercial internet shop. Eye movements were recorded and analyzed regarding several saccade parameters, the individual fixation distribution by means of a progressive entropy approach, and the within- as well as between-subject congruency of fixation distributions. Our results show that viewing behavior significantly changed while subjects observed individual web pages. In contrast, we only found little evidence for a change in eye movements across web pages and hence for an attention-related schema building. In this context, we also provide an example of the impact of web page elements’ position on fixation probability.
Does Firm Size Affect Stock Returns? Evidence from the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange

The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between firm size and stock returns for firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) between June 2009 and July 2013. We adopt the regression model employed by Banz in 1981, with innovations. The regression is based on constructed portfolios, with market capitalization as the basis for portfolio construction. The portfolios comprise at most 5 stocks, and stocks are sorted in ascending order by market capitalization for selection into portfolios. The sample period spans from June 2009 to July 2013. We select the sample period beginning from 2009 because that is when the government of Zimbabwe demonetized the Zimbabwean dollar and adopted a basket of foreign currencies as legal tender. The data prior to 2009 is also distorted by hyperinflation and therefore is not reliable. The sample size covers 64 companies listed on the ZSE, of which 60 are industrial and 4 are mining companies. We find that the estimated coefficient for the firm size factor is not significant at the 5% level of significance. Therefore, firm size has a positive yet insignificant effect on stock returns for companies listed on the ZSE for the period June 2009 to July 2013. Contrary to the general empirical findings, larger firms on the ZSE tend to exhibit higher risk-adjusted returns than smaller firms.
The Effects of Dividends on Common Stock Prices Tax Effects or Information Effects

THERE HAS BEEN considerable controversy concerning the effect of dividend yields on common stock returns. The controversy centers on whether or not the positive association between common stock returns and dividend yields reported in a number of empirical studies can be attributed entirely to information effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief critique of the theory and of the available empirical evidence (Section II), and to present some new empirical results (Section III). It is shown that there is a positive and non-linear relationship between common stock returns and expected dividend yield. The prediction rule for expected dividends is based solely on information that would have been available to the investor ex-ante. These results cannot, therefore, be attributed to the favorable or unfavorable information that would be present in a proxy for expected dividend yield that anticipates the occurrence (or lack thereof) of a dividend.