Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Unintended Consequences of Material Weakness Reporting on Auditors’ Acceptance of Aggressive Client Reporting

Regulators are concerned that auditors do not sufficiently identify and report material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting (ICFR). However, psychological licensing theory suggests reporting material weaknesses could have unintended consequences for acceptance of aggressive client financial reporting. In an experiment, we predict and find auditors accept more aggressive client reporting after they report a material weakness in ICFR than after they report no material weakness. We provide evidence licensing underlies this effect. In a second experiment, we investigate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce the identified licensing effects by prompting an audit quality goal. We find this prompt mitigates the unintended consequence when auditors report a material weakness. While regulators are concerned companies are undeservedly receiving clean ICFR audit opinions, our findings indicate adverse ICFR opinions may lead auditors to give companies undeservedly clean financial statement opinions. We provide a potential remedy to this unintended consequence.
Focus on Russian Scope: An Experimental Investigation of the Relationship between Quantifier Scope, Prosody, and Information Structure

An experimental investigation of quantifier scope in Russian SVO and OVS sentences, in which the factors of word order, prosody, information structure, and indefinite form are manipulated, shows that native Russian speakers have a preference for surface scope under neutral prosody, though this preference is more pronounced with odin ‘one’ indefinites than with dva ‘two’ indefinites. Furthermore, contrastive focus on the fronted object QP in OVS order is found to facilitate the inverse scope reading, but contrastive focus on the subject in SVO order is not. These findings have implications for the syntactic analysis of noncanonical word order in Russian (Bailyn 2011, Slioussar 2013) and support the link between contrastive focus and scope reconstruction in Russian (Ionin 2003, Neeleman and Titov 2009).
High-Reliability Organizations: Changing the Culture of Care in Two Medical Units

“What the fire department does is solve problems the public cannot or will not solve themselves. ” 1 The melodrama of a crisis easily distracts one from observing the organizational structure of problemsolving in emergencies, and can interfere with teaching new members desired behaviors. All emergencies, regardless of severity, are resolved by problem-solving. A critically ill patient, dying while the physicians work to make a diagnosis, must have urgent yet high-risk treatments performed to sustain life. Action must occur before the medical team can collect sufficient information, and before that information can reach the attending physician for orders. Decisions then made by a central authority (the physician) must be transmitted to the operations team (nurses and respiratory care practitioners) before further deterioration of the patient can cause sufficient change to, effectively, create a new patient. In these situations, the culture of medicine turns to experience and reason, particularly evidence-based medicine, to safely perform these functions. Within this culture, the physician has the role of decision maker and central authority in a vertical hierarchy. The intensive care unit (ICU) follows this medical model, which works well with deterministic problems, when the situation determines the intervention and the intervention determines the outcome. For example, the identification of a specific bacterium in sputum determines the diagnosis of a specific pneumonia which, in turn, determines the choice of antibiotic. The choice of antibiotic then determines effectiveness of the cure. Problems can develop when uncertainty (a poorly identified situation) has a time-dependent quality (demands intervention) with of a degree of risk (safety). Problems also develop when multiple interventions become available, each with unknown probabilities of success or failure. Experience and reason may not identify effective decisions in these situations, and the vertical hierarchy may not allow the responsiveness and flexibility necessary to manage evolving problems. The combination of uncertainty, risk, and timedependence (the indeterminate problem) vexes deterministic systems with rigid, vertical hierarchies. 1 William J. Corr, Captain II, Los Angeles City Fire Department, Retired. Personal communication.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SERVICE DELIVERY OF THE GLOBAL PROGRAMS FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING ORGANIZATION IN KENYA

This study investigated the relationship between the total quality management practices of leadership skills, employee training, technology use and the service delivery of the Global Programs for Research and Training Organization working in Kenya. It has been noted that p oor service delivery by many non-governmental organizations across the world has become rampant leading to the collapse of many of them. As a result, there is now increased focus on management and boards to ensure that they always act in the best interests of their organizations. Through Total Quality Management, all stakeholders are part and parcel of all the organizational activities geared towards ensuring the continual improvement of the goods and services they provide. The study was a descriptive one and the target population were the fifty seven (57) respondents who comprised of all the staff of Global Programs for Research and Training in Kenya. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and the response rate in this study was sixty five percent which was appropriate for making conclusions. Quantitative data was analysed using percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation and regression analysis. Results of analysis were presented using figures and tables. The findings of the study demonstrated that the studied Total Quality Management practices had a positive and significant effect on service delivery in Global Programs. It is therefore critical for the Global Programs for Research and Training organization in Kenya to continue investing in their leadership, employees as well as technology to support good service delivery. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Service Delivery, Leadership Skills, Employee Training and Technology Use CITATION: Muli-Kinagwi, S. K. , & Muthimi, J. (2019). Total quality management practices and service delivery of the global programs for research and training organization in Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (2), 2214 – 2223.
What's in Your Portfolio? How Parents Rank Traditional Public, Private, and Charter Schools in Post-Katrina New Orleans’ Citywide System of School Choice

We examine the characteristics of schools preferred by parents in New Orleans, Louisiana, where a “portfolio” of school choices is available. This tests the conditions under which school choice induces healthy competition between public and private schools through the threat of student exit. Using unique data from parent applications to as many as eight different schools (including traditional public, charter, and private schools), we find that many parents include a mix of public and private schools among their preferences, often ranking public schools alongside or even above private schools on a unified application. Parents who list both public and private schools show a preference for the private sector, all else equal, and are willing to accept lower school performance scores for private schools than otherwise equivalent public options. These parents reveal a stronger preference for academic outcomes than other parents and place less value on other school characteristics such as sports, arts, or extended hours. Public schools are more likely to be ranked with private schools and to be ranked higher as their academic performance scores increase.
Regional Labor Market Adjustment in the United States: Trend and Cycle

Abstract We present new evidence on the evolution of labor mobility in the United States over the past four decades. Building on the seminal methodology by Blanchard and Katz (1992), combined with multiple sources of regional population and migration data, we show that interstate mobility in response to relative labor demand conditions is not as high as previously established and has been weakening since the early 1990s. In addition, we find that mobility is countercyclical: net migration across regions responds more strongly to spatial disparities in recessions than in normal times. While the declining trend in mobility has been driven by weaker out-migration from states experiencing negative relative shocks, the mobility surge in recessions is mostly accounted for by temporarily stronger in-migration to better-performing states.
Real-Exchange-Rate Uncertainty and Private Investment in LDCs

-1.702 (1.367) 1.964** (0.786) RER uncertainty X low opennessc -1.658 (1.568) 5.064** (2.059) Wald test of joint signif. (p-value) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Sargan test (p-value) 0.319 0.398 0.427 0.336 0.418 0.511 1st-order autocorrelation (p-value) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2nd-order autocorrelation (pvalue) 0.271 0.325 0.232 0.192 0.310 0.201 Number of observations (countries) 815 (61) 815 (61) 815 (61) 815 (61) 815 (61) 815 (61) Standard errors (in parentheses) are heteroskedasticity-consistent. One and two asterisks denote statistical significance at the 10% and 5% levels, respectively. For variable definitions, see text. a Dependent variable: real private investment/GDP (expressed in logs). b Expressed in logs. c Higher and lower than the average of the median country, respectively.
Risky Choice in the Limelight

Abstract This paper examines how risk behavior in the limelight differs from that in anonymity. In two separate experiments, we find that subjects are more risk averse in the limelight. However, risky choices are similarly path dependent in the different treatments. Under both limelight and anonymous laboratory conditions, a simple prospect theory model with a path-dependent reference point provides a better explanation for subjects’ behavior than a flexible specification of expected utility theory. In addition, our findings suggest that ambiguity aversion depends on being in the limelight, that passive experience has little effect on risk taking, and that reference points are determined by imperfectly updated expectations.
Globalization and Disease: The Case of SARS

The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the global economic impacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as well as to provide a more comprehensive approach to estimating the global consequences of major disease outbreaks. Our empirical estimates of the economic effects of the SARS epidemic are based on a global model called the G-Cubed (Asia Pacific) model. Most previous studies on the economic effects of epidemics focus on the disease-associated medical costs or forgone incomes resulting from disease-related morbidity and mortality, but the most significant real costs of SARS have been generated by changes in spending behavior by households and firms in affected countries. This study estimates the cost of the SARS outbreak by focusing on the impacts on consumption and investment behavior through changes in the cost and risk of doing business. Through increased economic interdependence, these changes in behavior have wide-ranging general equilibrium consequences for the world economy that can lead to economic losses well in excess of the traditional estimates of the cost of disease.
Financial performance and corporate social responsibility in the banking sector of Bahrain: Can engagement moderate?

Article history: Received: April 17, 2019 Received in revised format: April 28 2019 Accepted: May 24, 2019 Available online: May 27, 2019 The present study attempted to understand how financial performance can be enhanced in the financial sector. Therein, the study worked to find out how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and organizational engagement can be used to predict financial performance. In addition, the study also tested the moderating role of organizational engagement on the relationship between CSR and financial performance. Managerial level employees from seven retail banks in Bahrain were sampled for the present study. The results of the structural equation modelling reported significant impact of CSR on financial performance. Accordingly, the study also reported significant relationship between organizational engagement and financial performance. Notably, the study also reported significant moderation of organizational engagement on the CSR and financial performance relationship. The study forwards notable implications for theory and practice followed by scope for future studies.
Binding in English and South Slavic and The Parameterized DP Hypothesis

Despić (2013) argues that Serbian binding data provide support for the Parameterized DP Hypothesis (e.g., Fukui 1988, Corver 1992, Zlatić 1997, Bošković 2003, 2005, 2008). His key claim is that the differences in binding possibilities observed between English and Serbian result from the presence of a DP layer in the former vs. its absence in the latter.1 Apparent determiners in Serbian are claimed to be NP-adjoined elements (with category left unspecified). 2 In this squib, I show that Despić's analysis makes incorrect predictions about Serbian and closely related Slavic languages: Bulgarian and Macedonian.
Does Financial Reform Raise or Reduce Saving?

The effect of financial liberalization on private saving is theoretically ambiguous, not only because the link between interest rate levels and saving is itself ambiguous, but also because financial liberalization is a multidimensional and phased process, sometimes involving reversals. Using principal components, we construct 25-year time-series indices of financial liberalization for each of eight developing countries: Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Turkey, and Zimbabwe. These are employed in an econometric analysis of private saving in these countries. Our results cannot offer support for the hypothesis that financial liberalization will increase saving. On the contrary, the indications are that liberalization overalland in particular those elements that relax liquidity constraintsmay be associated with a fall in saving.
Peaks, Cliffs, and Valleys: The Peculiar Incentives in Teacher Retirement Systems and Their Consequences for School Staffing

This article examines the pattern of incentives for work versus retirement in six state teacher pension systems. We do this by examining the annual accrual of pension wealth from an additional year of work over a teacher's career. Accrual of wealth is highly nonlinear and heavily loaded at arbitrary years that would normally be considered mid-career. One typical pattern exhibits low accrual in early years, accelerating in the mid- to late fifties, followed by dramatic decline or even negative returns in years that are relatively young for retirement. Key factors in the defined benefit formulas that drive such patterns are identified along with likely consequences for employee behavior. The authors examine efficiency and equity consequences of these systems as well as options for reform.
Testing for Volatility Changes in U.S. Macroeconomic Time Series

We test for a change in the volatility of 214 U.S. macroeconomic time series over the period 19591999. We find that approximately 80 of these series have experienced a break in unconditional volatility during this period. Even though more than half of the series experienced a break in conditional mean, most of the reduction in volatility appears to be due to changes in conditional volatility. Our results are robust to controlling for business cycle nonlinearity in both mean and variance. Volatility changes are more appropriately characterized as instantaneous breaks than as gradual changes. Nominal variables such as inflation and interest rates experienced multiple volatility breaks and witnessed temporary increases in volatility during the 1970s. On this evidence, we conclude that the increased stability of economic fluctuations is widespread.
The Influence of Capital Structure, Liquidity, Asset Structure, and Asset Turnover to the Financial Performance of the Consumer Industry Sector In IDX

The capital market industry is undergoing rapid growth. The company in carrying out its operational activities, requires a large capital. To be able to obtain funds easily, of course, the company must be in a healthy financial condition. This healthy condition is reflected in the company's financial performance. The newness of this research is to conduct empirical test about the effect of capital structure, liquidity, asset structure and asset turnover to financial performance of consumer industry sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2014-2016. The difference with previous research lies in the use of independent variables, the number of samples used and the study period. This research is a quantitative research. The method of analysis in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. Partial test result (t test) shows that the variable of capital structure (DER), liquidity (CR), and asset turnover (TATO) have significant effect to financial performance (ROA). While the asset structure variable (FATA) has no significant effect on financial performance (ROA). Keyword: ROA, DER, CR, FATA, TATO
NAFTA's and CUSFTA's Impact on International Trade

This paper identifies NAFTA's effects on trade volumes and prices using detailed trade and tariff data. It identifies demand elasticities from the additional wedges driven between consumption patterns in NAFTA versus non-NAFTA countries caused by tariff reductions. Supply elasticities are identified using tariffs as instruments for observed quantities. Analysis of worldwide trade data for 5,000 commodities shows that NAFTA had a substantial impact on international trade volumes, but a modest effect on prices and welfare. NAFTA increased North American output and prices in many highly protected sectors by driving out imports from nonmember countries.
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff: A Quantitative Assessment

In the two years after the imposition of the Smoot-Hawley tariff in June 1930, the volume of U.S. imports fell over 40. To what extent can this collapse of trade be attributed to the tariff itself versus other factors such as declining income or foreign retaliation? Partial and general equilibrium assessments indicate that the Smoot-Hawley tariff itself reduced imports by 4-8 (ceteris paribus), although the combination of specific duties and deflation further raised the effective tariff and reduced imports an additional 8-10. A counterfactual simulation suggests that nearly a quarter of the observed 40 decline in imports can be attributed to the rise in the effective tariff (i.e., Smoot-Hawley plus deflation).
Estimation of Moments and Production Decisions Under Uncertainty

The purpose of this paper is to examine production decisions under output price uncertainty. Using a nonparametric estimation technique to estimate the first four moments of the unknown price distribution and applying duality, we provide a simple empirical framework for the analysis of supply and demand decisions under price uncertainty. The model is used to examine the importance of higher moments in the firm's production decisions and to investigate underlying attitudes toward risk.
The Influence of Islamic Religiosity on the Perceived Socio-Cultural Impact of Sustainable Tourism Development in Pakistan: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Typically, residents play a role in developing strategies and innovations in tourism. However, few studies have sought to understand the role of Islamic religiosity on the perceived socio-cultural impacts of sustainable tourism development in Pakistan. Previous studies focusing on socio-cultural impacts as perceived by local communities have applied various techniques to explain the relationships between selected variables. Circumstantially, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique has gained little attention for measuring the religiosity factors affecting the perceived socio-cultural impacts of sustainable tourism. This investigation aims to address such limitations in this area of scientific knowledge by applying Smart PLS-SEM, developing an empirical approach, and implementing Smart-PLS software V-3.2. 8. The proposed tourism model predicts the effects of the religiosity level on the perceived socio-cultural impacts of sustainable tourism development. In this study, we examine the relationships among religious commitments, religious practice, and religious belief and the socio-cultural effects of sustainable tourism. Our research identifies influential factors through an extensive literature review on communities’ religiosity and the socio-cultural impacts of developing sustainable tourism. We examine and analyze data based on 508 residents’ responses. The findings reveal an R² value of 0.841, suggesting three exogenous latent constructs, which collectively elucidate 84.10% of the variance in the perceived socio-cultural impact of sustainable tourism. The findings reveal that religious respondents with a higher religiosity level have a positive attitude towards developing sustainable tourism. These findings are helpful to understand the dynamics of communities’ perceptions, behaviors, quality of life, cultural aspects, and religiosity factors affecting sustainable tourism in Pakistan. This study is novel in the context of Pakistani cultural and social norms, and this study’s implications may provide further direction for researching and developing sustainable tourism in the northern regions of Pakistan.
Would You Buy a Honda Made in the United States? The Impact of Production Location on Manufacturing Quality

Abstract Are location-specific factors important for understanding firms’ heterogeneities? We examine prices and quality metrics for Japanese cars at wholesale auctions, comparing otherwise identical cars assembled in the United States versus Japan. We find similar values regardless of country of assembly. These results indicate that Japanese automakers in general have successfully transferred their practices to their U.S. transplants and that there is no inherent limitation to high-quality automobile production in the United States. Deeper analysis of patterns for Toyota cars, complemented by historical analysis, suggests that although it is possible to transfer standards, quality convergence can require conscious effort and not just cumulative production.
Kant as Philosopher of Science

Michael Friedman's Kant and the Exact Sciences (1992) refocused scholarly attention on Kant's status as a philosopher of the sciences, especially (but not exclusively) of the broadly Newtonian science of the eighteenth century. The last few years have seen a plethora of articles and monographs concerned with characterizing that status. This recent scholarship illuminates Kant's views on a diverse group of topics: science and its relation to metaphysics; dynamics and the theory of matter; causation and Hume's critique of it; and, the limits of mechanism and of mechanical intelligibility. I argue that recent interpretations of Kant's views on these topics should inuence our understanding of his principal metaphysical and epistemological arguments and positions.