Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD CONSEQUENT UPON THE DIVERSION OF THE SPLENIC BLOOD INTO THE GENERAL CIRCULATION

1. The principal change in the peripheral blood consisted in the prolonged increase in number of the transitional white blood cells, an active brief stimulation of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which were later relatively decreased in number in four cases, in three dogs a late rise in number of the mononuclear and eosinophilic cells, and in one dog of mononuclear cells alone. 2. The normally high differential percentage count of polymorphonuclear eosinophils in dogs would be expected on account of the numerous parasitic infections which they usually have. 3. The splenorenal venous anastomosis offered a simple and satisfactory method of diverting the splenic blood into the general circulation because it was easy and produced no gross abnormal intraabdominal changes, and the vessels normally lay parallel to each other and were readily approximated without tension. 4. The operation was successful in every case. 5. The animals did very well after operation and were healthy and active. 6. No noteworthy histological changes were observed in any of the organs or tissues. 7. There was no essential change in bile production that could be detected by jaundice. 8. The urine and stools showed no changes.
USP 26 gene variations in fertile and infertile men

BACKGROUND: The human X chromosome is enriched with testis-specific genes that may be crucial for male fertility. One is the ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26). Five frequent mutations have been identified: 1737G>A, 1090C > T, 370–371insACA, 494T > C and 1423C>T (with the latter three usually detected in a cluster). Their role in infertility is still controversial. This study assesses the association of the most frequent USP26 mutations with male infertility and male infertility etiology factors. METHODS: The study included 300 infertile and 287 fertile men. Data were collected on ethnicity (according to maternal origin) and family history of reproduction. Clinical records from 235 infertile and 62 fertile (sperm bank donors) men were available and summarized. The five mutations were investigated by bioinformatic tools and their frequencies were assessed by restriction analysis. The results were correlated with clinical findings. Segregation of the mutations in four families was analyzed. RESULTS: The five analyzed mutations were detected in 44 men from both fertile and infertile groups. The cluster and the 1090C>T mutations showed the highest frequency among Arabs and Sephardic Jews of the infertile group, respectively. Inheritance studies showed that mutations were not always associated with the infertility trait. Mutations 1090C>T and 1737G>A were significantly associated with a history of inguinal hernia (P 5 0.007 and P 5 0.043, respectively). The prevalence of inguinal hernia among men with the 1090C > T mutation was 33.3% (5/15 men), higher than that reported in infertile men (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Mutation 1090C > T may be a new genetic risk factor for developing inguinal hernia which may be associated with impaired male fertility.
Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Innovation : Assessing the Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Effectiveness

Organizational innovation has been viewed as an essential weapon for organizations to compete in this competitive business environment. Particularly, Malaysia manufacturing firms strive to transform their business model from labor-intensive to knowledge-intensive, which aim to immerse themselves in higher value added activities such as, developing new products, processes, and services, to continual sustain the competitiveness within the rivalries. One of the ways to heighten the organizational innovation is through effective human resource management (HRM) practices and effective knowledge management. This study examined the direct relationships between HRM practices (performance appraisal, career management, training, reward system, and recruitment) and organizational innovation (product innovation, process innovation, and administrative innovation). Additionally, it also examined the mediating role of KM effectiveness on the direct relationship. Data was drawn from a sample of 171 large manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The regression results showed that HRM practices generally have a positive effect on organizational innovation. Specifically, the findings indicate that training was positively related to three dimensions of organizational innovation (product innovation, process innovation, and administrative innovation). Performance appraisal also found to have a positive effect on administrative innovation. Additionally, this study also demonstrates that training and performance appraisal, are positively related to knowledge management effectiveness. Knowledge management effectiveness fully mediates the relationship between training and process innovation, training and administrative innovation, and performance appraisal and administrative innovation. A discussion of the findings, limitations, and implications are provided.
Formation of contractile networks and fibers in the medial cell cortex through myosin‐II turnover, contraction, and stress‐stabilization

The morphology of adhered cells depends crucially on the formation of a contractile meshwork of parallel and cross‐linked fibers along the contacting surface. The motor activity and minifilament assembly of non‐muscle myosin‐II is an important component of cortical cytoskeletal remodeling during mechanosensing. We used experiments and computational modeling to study cortical myosin‐II dynamics in adhered cells. Confocal microscopy was used to image the medial cell cortex of HeLa cells stably expressing myosin regulatory light chain tagged with GFP (MRLC‐GFP). The distribution of MRLC‐GFP fibers and focal adhesions was classified into three types of network morphologies. Time‐lapse movies show: myosin foci appearance and disappearance; aligning and contraction; stabilization upon alignment. Addition of blebbistatin, which perturbs myosin motor activity, leads to a reorganization of the cortical networks and to a reduction of contractile motions. We quantified the kinetics of contraction, disassembly and reassembly of myosin networks using spatio‐temporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS). Coarse‐grained numerical simulations include bipolar minifilaments that contract and align through specified interactions as basic elements. After assuming that minifilament turnover decreases with increasing contractile stress, the simulations reproduce stress‐dependent fiber formation in between focal adhesions above a threshold myosin concentration. The STICS correlation function in simulations matches the function measured in experiments. This study provides a framework to help interpret how different cortical myosin remodeling kinetics may contribute to different cell shape and rigidity depending on substrate stiffness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimum data rate for observability of networked unmanned vehicle with the process disturbance

In this paper, we consider unmanned underwater vehicles over memoryless, digital communication channels, and address the state estimation problem under the data rate limitation. In particular, we consider the case with the process disturbance, and derive the condition for observability at the extreme data rate. It is shown in our results that, the limited data rate has important effects on state estimation of unmanned underwater vehicles. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Cell Separation by Affinity Chromatography

A considerable body of exper imenta l evidence (1) supports the Je rne hypothesis (2) that idiotypes are impor tan t in the autoregulat ion of B cells. Al though the original concept was l imited to regulatory antibodies that recognized individually specific determinents (idiotypes) located in the variable regions of other immunoglobul in molecules, subsequent studies (3-6) showed that certain T cells also recognized idiotypes. Antiidiotypic T cells have been shown to include helper and suppressor cells that regulate individual B cell clones. It has been difficult to develop a precise unders tanding of the events that occur in a B cell when it is regulated by antiidiotypic T cells or antibodies because in conventional i m m u n e cell samples, the specifically regulated B cells comprise a minute fraction of the sample that is being studied. T o c i rcumvent this limition, we have studied the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 1 (TNP)-specific BALB/c p l a smacy toma MOPC-315; it is a monoclonal B cell popula t ion that is responsive to idiotype-specific and T N P antigen-specific immunoregu la to ry signals (7). Previous studies identified three idiotype (Id31~)-specific events that followed immuniza t ion of BALB/c mice with the IgA an t i -TNP ant ibody (M315) produced by MOPC-315: (a) induction of antiidiotypic (a-Id 8~5) antibodies p redominant ly of the IgG1 subclass (8), (b) development of a-Id 815 suppressor T cells (9, 10), and (c) establ ishment of Id3aS-specific protect ion from challenge with lethal numbers of MOPC-315 cells (11). Subsequent studies of MOPC-315 cells enclosed in peri toneal diffusion chambers (9) suggested that: (a) ant i Id ~15 antibodies inhibited surface
The propranolol therapy in cirrhotic patients

SIRS, We read with interest the report by Sharma et al. regarding the haemodynamic alterations in hypertensive and normotensive cirrhotic patients during treatment with propranolol. In their study, the authors described a significant decrease in the cardiac index (CI) in both groups, but a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure in only the hypertensive cirrhotic group. In conclusion, they suggested that propranolol is a good therapeutic strategy in hypertensive cirrhotic patients. Krag et al. investigated 24 cirrhotic patients and they found that patients with a low CI have a poorer survival than those with a higher CI; in these 24 patients, the Child-Pugh score and the Model End-Stage Liver Disease score, both of which are related to the severity of cirrhosis, failed to predict mortality. On the basis of these findings, the authors recommended that therapy to improve the CI should be an important part of the treatment strategy in cirrhotic patients. Recently, Serste et al. also reported that the use of propranolol is associated with poor outcome in patients with cirrhosis, and beta-blockers were found to be an independent variable of mortality. Taken together, these recent findings show that the safety and use of propranolol or non-selective beta-blockers in cirrhotic patients need further study, as their use may have deleterious effects on the survival of these patients.
Using Humor in Systematic Desensitization to Reduce Fear

Abstract Effectiveness of systematic desensitization for fear reduction, using humorous hierarchy scenes without relaxation, was tested. Participants were 40 students highly fearful of spiders. Using a 24-item behavioral approach test with an American tarantula, participants were matched on fear level and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (a) systematic desensitization, (b) humor desensitization, and (c) untreated controls. Each participant was seen for 6 sessions, including pretest and posttest. Analyses of covariance of posttest scores revealed that the 2 treatment groups showed greater reduction in fear than the controls on 3 measures but did not differ from each other. Therefore, humor in systematic desensitization reduced fear as effectively as more traditional desensitization. This finding may have therapeutic applications; however, it may also be applicable in advertising to desensitize fear of a dangerous product, such as cigarettes.
The GSTP1 Gene Is a Susceptibility Gene for Childhood Asthma and the GSTM1 Gene Is a Modifier of the GSTP1 Gene

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic airway disorder characterized by bronchial inflammation. Oxidative stress is a key component of inflammation. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), the abundant isoform of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in lung epithelium, plays a key role in cellular protection against oxidative stress. Several studies have shown that the GSTP1 geneis involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and a gene-gene interaction may occur within the GST gene superfamily. Methods: We screened single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the GSTP1 locus and performed an association study in the Japanese population using two independent case-control groups (group 1: 391 pediatric patients with asthma, 462 adult patients with asthma, and 639 controls, and group 2: 115 pediatric patients with asthma and 184 controls). The effect of GSTM1 null/present genotype on the association between GSTP1 Ile105Val and asthma was also investigated. Results: We identified 20 SNPs at this locus and found this region consisted of one linkage disequilibrium block represented by four SNPs (tag SNPs). The association between the Ile105Val polymorphism in the GSTP1 gene and childhood asthma was significant in both groups (p = 0.047 in group 1, and p = 0.021 in group 2). This association was only significant in patients with GSTM1-positive genotype in both groups (group 1: GSTM1 present p = 0.013 and GSTM1 null p = 0.925, and group 2: GSTM1 present p = 0.015 and GSTM1 null p = 0.362). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the GSTP1 gene is a childhood asthma susceptible gene, and the GSTM1 gene is a modifier gene of GSTP1 for the risk of childhood asthma in the Japanese population.
Application of Cortical Unfolding Techniques to Functional MRI of the Human Hippocampal Region

We describe a new application of cortical unfolding to high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human hippocampal region. This procedure includes techniques to segment and unfold the hippocampus, allowing the fusiform, parahippocampal, perirhinal, entorhinal, subicular, and CA fields to be viewed and compared across subjects. Transformation parameters derived from unfolding high-resolution structural images are applied to coplanar, functional images, yielding two-dimensional "unfolded" activation maps of hippocampi. The application of these unfolding techniques greatly enhances the ability of fMRI to localize and characterize signal changes within the medial temporal lobe. Use of this method on a novelty-encoding paradigm reveals a temporal dissociation between activation along the collateral sulcus and activation in the hippocampus proper.
Recruitment of NF-κB into Mitochondria Is Involved in Adenine Nucleotide Translocase 1 (ANT1)-induced Apoptosis*

Overexpression of adenine nucleotide translocase-1 (ANT1) is known to induce apoptosis (Bauer, M. K., Schubert, A., Rocks, O., and Grimm, S. (1999) J. Cell Biol. 147, 1493–1501), but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study we show that ANT1 overexpression results in a recruitment of the IκBα-NF-κB complex into mitochondria, with a coincident decrease in nuclear NF-κB DNA binding activity. In this situation, NF-κB transcriptionally regulated genes with antiapoptotic activity, such as Bcl-XL, MnSOD2, and c-IAP2, are down-regulated, and consequently, cells are sensitized to apoptosis. Accordingly, co-expression of p65 partially interferes with the proapoptotic effect of ANT1 overexpression. Despite the high identity of the two isoforms, overexpression of ANT2 does not exert an apoptotic effect; this lack of apoptotic activity is correlated with the absence of mitochondrial IκBα-NF-κB recruitment or changes in NF-κB activity. Thus, we propose that the mitochondrial recruitment of NF-κB observed following ANT1 overexpression has an important role in ANT1 proapoptotic activity.
Tetracycline Actions Relevant to Rosacea Treatment

Until today, the pathogenesis of rosacea is not known in detail. Yet in recent years evidence has been accumulating that rosacea with its common symptoms such as inflammatory lesions, erythema, telangiectasia, phymatous changes, and ocular symptoms is of inflammatory nature. Tetracycline derivatives like doxycycline successfully used in the treatment of skin diseases like acne and rosacea seem to inhibit different inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis by various modes of action. Although data for skin diseases are relatively scanty, the following modes of action of tetracyclines seem to be most relevant for an effective treatment of acne and rosacea: inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, downmodulation of cytokines, inhibition of cell movement and proliferation, inhibition of granuloma formation, inhibition of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and angiogenesis, whereas inhibition of phospholipase A2 seems to be of lower importance. The role of the saprophytic mite Demodex folliculorum remains to be clarified. Additional studies are necessary to further elucidate how tetracyclines work in rosacea treatment.
The Influence of Individual Genome Sensitivity in DNA Damage Repair Assessment in Chronic Professional Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation

During their working and living activities, humans are constantly exposed to different environmental genotoxic agents. Biological consequences of the exposure are accumulation of different mutations and DNA damage that can lead to disruption of genetic material. Numerous endogenous genotoxic agents can also cause DNA damage. Loss of normal cell function can cause cell death or can result in different health disorders, including teratogenic and cancerogenic effects (Jeggo & Lavin, 2009). There is an increasing concern about mutagenic and cancerogenic effects of genotoxic agents and their influence on individuals who are exposed to them by accident, or by living/working lifestyle (Au, 1991; Carrano & Natarajan, 1988; Kassie et al., 2000). Exposure to ionising radiation, as a well known genotoxic agents (Balasem & Ali, 1991; Erexon et al., 1991; Fenech et al., 1990; He et al., 2000; Jeggo & Lavin, 2009), can leed to different DNA damage, such as oxidative damage, base and sugar modification in DNA, apurinic/apirimidinic places, single/double strand chromosomal breaks, adduct creation, inter/intra DNA cross linking and other types of damage (Hall & Giaccia, 2006). Numerous studies deal with ionising radiation exposure of individuals who are chronically professionally exposed to low doses (Andreassi, 2009; Au, 1991; Carrano & Natarajan, 1988; Kassie et al., 2000). The results showed the increase in chromosomal damage during chronically low dose exposure (Barquinero et al., 1993; Boutcher, 1985; Cardoso et al., 2001; Jha, 1991; Nowak & Jankowski, 1991), but without confirmed relationship between the received dose and the intensity of DNA damage (Bolus, 2001; Coates et al., 2004; Morgan, 2003; Mothersill et al., 2000, 2001; Seymour & Mothersill, 2000). The influence of chronically low dose exposure has been considered mutagenic and cancerogenic (Fachini et al., 2009). Although it is possible to estimate the influence of absorbed dose and the effect on the
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations via second law of thermodynamics

We consider a Brownian particle in harmonic confinement of stiffness $k$, in one dimension in the underdamped regime. The whole setup is immersed in a heat bath at temperature $T$. The center of the harmonic trap is dragged under any arbitrary protocol $\lambda(t)$ starting from $\lambda(0)=0$. The thermodynamic uncertainty relation for both position of the particle and the current at time $t$ are obtained using the second law of thermodynamics for both underdamped and overdamped cases.
Convergence and Margin of Adversarial Training on Separable Data

Adversarial training is a technique for training robust machine learning models. To encourage robustness, it iteratively computes adversarial examples for the model, and then re-trains on these examples via some update rule. This work analyzes the performance of adversarial training on linearly separable data, and provides bounds on the number of iterations required for large margin. We show that when the update rule is given by an arbitrary empirical risk minimizer, adversarial training may require exponentially many iterations to obtain large margin. However, if gradient or stochastic gradient update rules are used, only polynomially many iterations are required to find a large-margin separator. By contrast, without the use of adversarial examples, gradient methods may require exponentially many iterations to achieve large margin. Our results are derived by showing that adversarial training with gradient updates minimizes a robust version of the empirical risk at a $\mathcal{O}(\ln(t)^2/t)$ rate, despite non-smoothness. We corroborate our theory empirically.
Turán Numbers of Bipartite Subdivisions

Given a graph $H$, the Turan number $ex(n,H)$ is the largest number of edges in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. We make progress on a recent conjecture of Conlon, Janzer, and Lee on the Turan numbers of bipartite graphs, which in turn yields further progress on a conjecture of Erdős and Simonovits. Let $s,t,k\geq 2$ be integers. Let $K_{s,t}^k$ denote the graph obtained from the complete bipartite graph $K_{s,t}$ by replacing each edge $uv$ in it with a path of length $k$ between $u$ and $v$ such that the $st$ replacing paths are internally disjoint. It follows from a general theorem of Bukh and Conlon that $ex(n,K_{s,t}^k)=\Omega(n^{1+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{sk}})$. Conlon, Janzer, and Lee recently conjectured that for any integers $s,t,k\geq 2$, $ex(n,K_{s,t}^k)=O(n^{1+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{sk}})$. Among many other things, they settled the $k=2$ case of their conjecture. As the main result of this paper, we prove their conjecture for $k=3,4$. Our main results also yield infinitely many new so-called Turan exponents: rationals $r\in (1,2)$ for which there exists a bipartite graph $H$ with $ex(n, H)=\Theta(n^r)$, adding to the lists recently obtained by Jiang, Ma, Yepremyan, by Kang, Kim, Liu, and by Conlon, Janzer, Lee. Our method builds on an extension of the Conlon-Janzer-Lee method. We also note that the extended method also gives a weaker version of the Conlon-Janzer-Lee conjecture for all $k\geq 2$.
The on-board Galileo clocks: Rubidium standard and Passive Hydrogen Maser - current status and performance

Galileo program is approved by the European Commission and the European Space Agency (ESA). The activities related to GSTBV2 experimental satellite provide the first results and the implementation of the In Orbit Validation (IOV) phase are in progress. Atomic clocks represent critical equipment for the satellite navigation system and clocks development has been continuously supported by ESA. The Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (RAFS) and the Passive Hydrogen Maser (PHM) are at present the baseline clock technologies for the Galileo navigation payload. This article gives a general overview on the RAFS and the PHM developments and evolution up to now. It also provides updated information on the performance measurement results on ground and the preliminary information available related to the In Orbit behavior.