Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Similar but Different: Psychological and Psychopathological Features of Primary and Secondary Hikikomori

Recently, there has been an increase in reports of hikikomori around the globe, and Ukraine is not an exception. The development of hikikomori is often spurred by a history of aversive or traumatic childhood experience, for example, dysfunctions between parents or between a parent and a child (ambivalent attachment) and difficulties at school (peer rejection). Previously described models of hikikomori development mostly were based on research of mixed cohorts of patients (with and without psychiatric comorbidity). To test whether there was a difference in psychological and psychopathological features between primary hikikomori (HG1, n = 13) and secondary hikikomori (HG2, n = 22) cases comorbid with neurotic, somatoform, and stress-related disorders (F40–48, ICD-10), they were compared with each other and with a healthy control group (CG, n = 28). Sociodemographic data, alexithymia [Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26)], traumatic life events [life experience questionnaire (LEQ)], hostility [Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI)], quality of life [Chaban Quality of Life Scale (CQLS)], and personality traits (Leonhard–Schmieschek Questionnaire) were evaluated. No relevant or statistically significant differences have been found between primary and secondary hikikomori cases, except for greater hostility in the latter. When compared with the healthy control group, the primary hikikomori cases were found to have higher frequency of alexithymia, life span traumatic events (7 ± 3.6), as well as higher levels of resentment and verbal hostility, and a bigger aggression index. In secondary hikikomori cases, higher irritability and resentment have been observed, with more dysthymia, excitability, and anxiety; and although the frequency of psychological traumas was lower (5.5 ± 4), it was still significant. Primary and secondary hikikomori had largely similar characteristics in the Ukrainian sample studied, but more studies with larger samples are needed to validate generalizability of the findings.
Discriminant Analysis of Technology Adoption Behavior: A Case of Internet Technologies in Small Businesses

The adoption of information technology represents a problem of magnitude to small business entrepreneurs. Comparing to larger corporations with abundant resources, small business owners are facing different challenges. Thus, the technology adoption behavior seems to be different for them. This study reports on antecedent drivers of Internet technologies' adoption in small businesses. A behavioral model was developed based on prior research on innovation adoption in small businesses. The model posits relationships of the relative advantage of using IT, compatibility, ease of use, computer self-efficacy, financial slacks of the firm, innovativeness of the firm, image of IT, and competitive pressure against adoption of four different Internet technologies – email, business homepage, e-sales and e-procurement. The results confirm the strong association of computer self-efficacy, compatibility, image, financial slack and relative advantage with Internet technology adoption. Different patterns of adoption behavior across different technologies were revealed. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE IN HIGHER AND LOWER STUDENTS IN SECONDARY AND PREPARATORY SCHOOL

This study attempted to examine whether there were differences between high-achieving and low achieving students on self regulation strategies. Three hundred adolescents participated (Mean age = 17.4 years) to measure their own self regulated learning strategies and collected their academic scores from the record office of the schools. The analysis of the data showed that self regulated learning strategies have statistically significant contribution to the students' school performance. The results of the general MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) tests showed that the mean differences for those with high and low achiever were statistically significant for the academic self-efficacy (F = 4.349, p < 0.05), self regulation (F = 4.746, p < 0.05), intrinsic value (F = 3.741, p < 0.05),and time management attitude (F = 7.947, p < 0.05) self regulated learning.
Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computation, and Advances in the Modeling of the Contingencies of Mechanisms

Behavioral scientists use mediation analysis to understand the mechanism(s) by which an effect operates and moderation analysis to understand the contingencies or boundary conditions of effects. Yet how effects operate (i.e., the mechanism at work) and their boundary conditions (when they occur) are not necessarily independent, though they are often treated as such. Conditional process analysis is an analytical strategy that integrates mediation and moderation analysis with the goal of examining and testing hypotheses about how mechanisms vary as a function of context or individual differences. In this article, we provide a conceptual primer on conditional process analysis for those not familiar with the integration of moderation and mediation analysis, while also describing some recent advances and innovations for the more experienced conditional process analyst. After overviewing fundamental modeling principles using ordinary least squares regression, we discuss the extension of these fundamentals to models with more than one mediator and more than one moderator. We describe a differential dominance conditional process model and overview the concepts of partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation. We also discuss multilevel conditional process analysis and comment on implementation of conditional process analysis in statistical computing software.
Listening at the local level: the role of radio in building community and trust

This article examines the role of local radio in the contemporary media environment, specifically as a site for community engagement. Previous research finds journalistic organisations, at the local level, are critical to the functioning of society and more needs to be understood about their contemporary role amid destabilised and fragmented public discourse. In contrast to unrestrained and untrustworthy social media platforms, the mediation of local radio can assist in encouraging more inclusive, constructive, and respectful views from people from diverse sectors of society. Empirical research from a case study of a locally produced ABC Radio Community Conversation event exploring community tensions about built, heritage and environmental development in the Australian island state of Tasmania provides new insights into how the facilitation of local radio discussion can help build trust, public knowledge and enable greater participation. Listening and transparency from journalists about their practices is important, creating a space where people can connect in a civil and empathetic way not easily afforded by social media.
The Early Comprehension of Noun-Verb Distinction in French: An Experimental Method.

Verbs and nouns may differ in many ways - semantic, syntactic, morphological and phonological - all of them relevant in their identification, acquisition and use. This paper focuses on French and on the syntactic distinction by which French nouns and verbs occur in their immediate constituents: nouns are usually preceded by determiners while verbs are preceded by pronouns, auxiliaries or prepositions, or appear "bear" in the imperative form. When do children start to manifest some understanding of this formal difference among words? Studies of early production suggest that in the second year children use fillers (vocalic segments added to child-produced words, e.g. Peters & Menn, 1993) to primitively mark this distinction between nouns and verbs (e.g., Veneziano & Sinclair, 2000). How about comprehension? Can children infer the meaning of a word uniquely on the basis of its preceding linguistic context? To answer this question, 90 French children of 2, 3 and 4 years (30 at each age level) were confronted with pairs of images, one representing an object and the other an action, projected concomitantly on a television screen. For each pair, children were asked to show where they "saw X", where X was a word - an homophone - that could function as a noun or a verb, the only distinguishing mark being whether it was preceded by the determinate article or by the subject pronoun. 12 stimuli were French homophones (like /pus/ meaning thumb when preceded by "le" and push when preceded by "il") and 3 were nonce words (e.g., le chime / il chime), for which strange objects and unfamiliar actions were used. Requests with noun and verb functions, and the position of the requested item on the screen, were controlled. Children were administered one of four lists of randomly generated order of items. All lists were presented to an equal number of subjects. Children were considered to "pass" the task if they succeeded a number of items greater then expected on the basis of chance alone (at least 10 of the total 15 with p<.05). Results show (see Table 1) that at 2 years already 50% of the children can identify the image as a function of the word's linguistic environment, showing an early sensitivity to specific linguistic properties of the language even in the absence of other supporting evidence. This proportion increases with age reaching more then 90% at 4 years. No difference between items requesting nouns or verbs was found.
Virtual Discussion for EFL Students Establishing Three Domains: Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor

In teaching and learning process, teacher may use certain learning strategies or methods. Virtual discussion, for instance, it can be done to encourage students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. This activity provides an opportunity for students to sit and listen as they speak and think critically, logically, and rationally. Moreover, students get better results when they work together than those who study individually. This survey research conducted to find out the correlation among virtual discussion with cognitive, affective, and psychomotor of 110 students in IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. The result shows that the virtual discussion has strong correlation not only in cognitive domain, but also it has strong correlation with affective and psychomotor domain. Almost all significant values are positive. There is only one negative significant value between cognitive and affective. Thus, it illustrates that the increasing of cognitive domain by applying virtual discussion is not always followed by the increasing of affective domain.
Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction on Youth Dealers: The Moderating Roles of Work Stress

Work-family conflict was generally considered a negative effect on young employees’ job satisfaction especially for some jobs with high work stress. In this paper, we examined Macau youth dealers’ balance of work and family through the evidence among work-family conflict, work stress and job satisfaction using a survey with 450 questionnaires. The results revealed that the work-family conflict had a positive effect on work stress and turnover intention. Especial finding in this paper was not online with outcomes from major researches that there was no significant relationship between job satisfaction and work-family conflict. Work stress had a negative impact on job satisfaction and had a positive effect on turnover intention; work stress had a negative completely intermediary effect among work-family conflict and job satisfaction work and turnover intention; work stress issued from work-family conflict had a positive effect on turnover intention via job satisfaction. Finally, the corresponding measures were put forward to improve young employees’ job satisfaction.
Recalibration in counting and accounting practices: Dealing with algorithmic output in public and private

Algorithms are increasingly affecting us in our daily lives. They seem to be everywhere, yet they are seldom seen by the humans dealing with the consequences that result from them. Yet, in recent theorisations, there is a risk that the algorithm is being given too much prominence. This article addresses the interaction between algorithmic outputs and the humans engaging with them by drawing on studies of two distinct empirical fields – self-quantification and audit controls of taxpayers. We explore recalibration as a way to understand the practices and processes involved when, on the one hand, decisions are made based on results from algorithmic calculations in counting and accounting software, and on the other hand, when decisions are made based on human experience/knowledge. In particular, we are concerned with moments when an algorithmic output differs from expectations of ‘normalcy’ and ‘normativity’ in any given situation. This could be a ‘normal’ relation between sales and VAT deductions for a business, or a ‘normal’ number of steps one takes in a day, or ‘normative’ as it is according to the book, following guidelines and recommendations from other sources. In these moments, we argue that a process of recalibration occurs – an effortful moment where, rather than treat the algorithmic output as given, individuals’ tacit knowledge, experiences and intuition are brought into play to address the deviation from the normal and normative.
Test–retest Reliability and Construct Validity of an Online and Paper Administered Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES)

ABSTRACT The Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES) has been used internationally; however, PANES properties have not been assessed in all geographical contexts. Our objectives were to assess the reliability and validity of an online and paper version of the PANES in Canadian adults. Reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), percent of overall agreement (p0) and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (κ). Lower 95% confidence interval (CI) ICC ranged from 0.10 to 0.70. Lower 95%CI for κ statistics ranged from −0.20 to 0.64 and p0 ranged from 80.1% to 95.7%. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (α) estimated internal consistency of the PANES (α = 0.58 for the paper version and α = 0.55 for the online version). Mean scores for the PANES Built Environment Index (BEI) significantly differed by neighborhood street pattern (p < .05). The PANES administrated via paper or online provides reliable overall agreement and valid estimates of the self-reported neighborhood built environment supportiveness of physical activity.
Overview of microkernel standards for real-time in-vehicle embedded systems

This paper proposes an overview of OSEK/VDX OS and AUTOSAR OS, the two main standards for microkernel dedicated to in-vehicle embedded systems. This domain is characterised by three dimensions: applications are subject to real-time constraints; hardware platform offer a limited support; new applications are safety-critical. The presentation describes how these dimensions are taken into account in the standards. A focus is made on the real-time dimension: first, a solution to compute the response time of the real-time tasks of an application is given; second, some issues with the timing isolation mechanism of AUTOSAR OS
PROTOCOL: “Scared Straight” and other prison tour programs for preventing juvenile delinquency

In the 1970s, a group of inmates serving life sentences at a New Jersey (USA) prison began a program to "scare" at-risk or delinquent children from a future life of crime. The program, known as "Scared Straight," featured as its main component an aggressive presentation by inmates serving a life sentence to juveniles visiting the prison facility. The presentation realistically even brutally depicted life in adult prisons, and often included stories of rape and murder (Finckenauer 1982). An award-winning television documentary on the program aired in 1979 and provided anecdotal evidence of Scared Straight's effectiveness in deterring young people from future crime. "Scared Straight: 20 Years Later" was shown on United States television twenty years later and claimed similar results (UPN 1999; "Kids and Crooks," 1999). As in the 1979 television program, no data on a control or comparison group of young people were presented.
The Ideal of Uptake in Democratic Deliberation

This article explores the concept of deliberative uptake, which I define as the fair consideration of the arguments, stories, and perspectives that citizens share in deliberation. Reinterpreting the democratic force of deliberation, I argue that it comes in large part from uptake, rather than inclusion or influence. As I show, however, citizens often struggle to take up what others have to say, especially those with whom they disagree. These issues of what I call limited uptake undermine democratic possibilities in pluralistic societies, but are not adequately captured in discussions about how to enhance the democratic quality of deliberation. In addition to expanding inclusion, we must find ways to broaden the enactment of deliberative uptake. After explaining the nature and significance of fair consideration, I present strategies for improving and assessing deliberative uptake and address the risks of taking up undemocratic inputs.
Self-Assessment Ability of Pre-Service Teachers

Knowing one’s own level of knowledge is an important characteristic of an individual. It enables individuals to objectively evaluate their abilities and properly adapt to their advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we present the results of the empirical research, where pre-service teacher students had to perform self-assessment after their seminars and mathematics classroom performance. We compared their self-assessments to their teachers’ assessments. Results show that the students’ self-assessments on average deviate from their teachers’ assessments. We also noticed that the Dunning-Kruger effect is present both for seminars and mathematics classroom performance. The students that received low assessment scores from their teacher provided too high self-assessment scores.
Selective effects of errorful generation on recognition memory: the role of motivation and surprise

ABSTRACT The current research examined the effects of errorful generation on memory, focusing particularly on the roles of motivation and surprise. In two experiments, participants were first presented with photographs of faces and were asked to associate four facts with each photograph. On Generate trials, the participants guessed two of the facts (Guess targets) before those correct facts, and another two correct facts (Study targets), were revealed. On the remaining Read trials, all four facts were presented without a guessing stage. In Experiment 1, participants also ranked their motivation to know the answers before they were revealed, or their surprise on learning the true answers. Guess targets were subsequently better recognised than the concurrently presented, non-guessed Study targets. Guess targets were also better recognised than Read targets, and recognition of Study and Read targets did not differ. Errorful generation also increased self-reported motivation, but not surprise. Experiment 2 showed that the results of Experiment 1 can outlive a 20-minute delay, and that they generalise to a more challenging recognition test. Together, the results suggest that errorful generation improves memory specifically for the guessed fact, and this may be linked to an increase in motivation to learn that fact.
School, parents, and communities: leading parallel lives in a two-way immersion program

ABSTRACT In addition to fostering bilingualism and biliteracy for all students, one of the main goals of Two-Way Immersion (TWI) programs is building positive cross-cultural relationships (). This can lead to TWI programs having ambitious goals for the kinds of bridges it can build between students, families, and communities, which is a challenge when the program brings together children from different cultural, racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. Based on an 18-month ethnography of a newly-created TWI program, this paper examines the distinct realities of the parents of children considered the “English-Speakers”, mostly White middle-class professionals, and those considered the “Spanish-speakers”, Latinx working-class immigrants, within the program. This analysis highlights how the different needs, concerns and demands of parents created contrasting challenges for the teachers and the school, and considers how the challenge of integration is one that goes beyond language and culture. Implications for TWI programs and further questions to consider are discussed.
Assessment of Market Power in Local Electricity Markets with regards to Competition and Tacit Collusion

Increasing intermittent electricity generation from renewable sources challenges network operators to find ways of integrating non-controllable generation. Microgrids and local markets are a means to better coordinate local renewable electricity generation. Given that smaller markets are being served by fewer entities, sufficient competition is at risk. In this paper, we investigate the number of energy suppliers needed to ensure competitive prices and study the effect of tacit collusion in the form of signaling by individual suppliers. We construct an agent-based model using reinforcement learning. Our results indicate that controllable generation, especially peak capacity, must be provided by several suppliers to ensure a welfare optimal pricing. Signaling only affects prices in specific scenarios.
Interactions Between Rhythmic and Feature Predictions to Create Parallel Time-Content Associations

The brain is inherently proactive, constantly predicting the when (moment) and what (content) of future input in order to optimize information processing. Previous research on such predictions has mainly studied the “when” or “what” domain separately, missing to investigate the potential integration of both types of predictive information. In the absence of such integration, temporal cues are assumed to enhance any upcoming content at the predicted moment in time (general temporal predictor). However, if the when and what prediction domain were integrated, a much more flexible neural mechanism may be proposed in which temporal-feature interactions would allow for the creation of multiple concurrent time-content predictions (parallel time-content predictor). Here, we used a temporal association paradigm in two experiments in which sound identity was systematically paired with a specific time delay after the offset of a rhythmic visual input stream. In Experiment 1, we revealed that participants associated the time delay of presentation with the identity of the sound. In Experiment 2, we unexpectedly found that the strength of this temporal association was negatively related to the EEG steady-state evoked responses (SSVEP) in preceding trials, showing that after high neuronal responses participants responded inconsistent with the time-content associations, similar to adaptation mechanisms. In this experiment, time-content associations were only present for low SSVEP responses in previous trials. These results tentatively show that it is possible to represent multiple time-content paired predictions in parallel, however, future research is needed to investigate this interaction further.