Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE 2013 RELEASE OF CLOUDY

This is a summary of the 2013 release of the plasma simulation code Cloudy. Cloudy models the ionization, chemical, and thermal state of material that may be exposed to an external radiation field or other source of heating, and predicts observables such as emission and absorption spectra. It works in terms of elementary processes, so is not limited to any particular temperature or density regime. This paper summarizes advances made since the last major review in 1998. Much of the recent development has emphasized dusty molecular environments, improvements to the ionization/chemistry solvers, and how atomic and molecular data are used. We present two types of simulations to demonstrate the capability of the code. We consider a molecular cloud irradiated by an X-ray source such as an active nucleus and show how treating EUV recombination lines and the full SED affects the observed spectrum. A second example illustrates the very wide range of particle and radiation density that can be considered.
Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development

This paper provides an analytical overview of how economic development may be promoted or hindered by an effective system of intellectual property rights (IPRS). IPRS can play a positive role in encouraging new business development, rationalization of inefficient CASE W. RES. J. INT'L L. industry, and inducing technology acquisition and creation. They may harm development prospects by raising the costs of imitation and permitting monopolistic behavior by owners of IPRS. The potential gains and losses depend on the competitive structure of markets and the efficiency of related business regulation, including aspects of competition policy and technology development policy. The paper reviews available empirical evidence on these issues. The evidence supports the view that product innovation is sensitive to IPRS in developing countries, while FDI and technology transfer go up when patent rights are strengthened. Overall, there is a positive impact on growth, but this impact depends on the competitive nature of the economy. The paper concludes by putting forward suggestions for integrated policy reforms.
Analytical Modeling of Link and Path Dynamics and Their Implications on Packet Length in MANETs

We present an analytical framework and statistical models to accurately characterize the lifetime of a wireless link and multi-hop paths in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). We show that the lifetimes of links and paths can be computed through a two-state Markov model and that the analytical solution follows closely the results obtained through discrete-event simulations for two mobility models, namely, random direction and random waypoint mobility models. We apply these models to study practical implications of link lifetime on routing protocols. We compute optimal packet lengths as a function of mobility, and show that signiﬁcant throughput improvements can be attained by adapting information packet lengths to the mobility of nodes in a MANET.
Phosphorus fertilizing potential of biomass ashes and their effect on bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)

Ashes from agricultural biomass in agro-based industries have been found to have most of the plant nutrients except nitrogen and sulphur but are treated as waste material. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of biomass ashes as source of P and their effect on bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat crop. We conducted the pot experiment at glass house of the Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The experiment consisted of combinations of four P sources [bagasse ash (BA), rice husk ash (RHA), rice straw ash (RSA), fertilizer P (Fert-P)] supplying P at three levels (10, 20 and 30 Âµg g-1) along with one zero-P control. This experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. Application of P through RSA produced significantly higher grain yield (14.3 g pot-1) than BA (12.8 g pot-1) and RHA (12.9 g pot-1) but statistically at par with Fert-P (13.5 g pot-1). Grain Zn content decreased maximum than other micronutrients with application of P from all sources, hence maximum increased P/Zn ratio. Phosphorus applied from all the biomass ashes significantly increased biomass and yield over control. With increase in P application, micronutrients content in grain was significantly decreased, hence decreased bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain.
The S-DALINAC Polarized Injector SPIN - Performance and Results

At the superconducting 130 MeV Darmstadt electron linac S-DALINAC the new source of polarized electrons uses a GaAs cathode illuminated with pulsed Ti:Sapphire and diode laser light. The electron source had been set up and commissioned at a test stand with a beam line where aW ienfilter for spin manipulation, a Mott polarimeter for polarization measurement and a chopper-prebuncher system were part of the system. Upon completion of the tests, test stand and beam line were dismantled and re-installed at the S-DALINAC. The new photo injector opens up the potential for experiments with polarized electron and photon beams for nuclear structure studies at low momentum transfers. Various polarimeters will be installed at all experimental sites to monitor the beam polarization. We report on the S-DALINAC, the results from the teststand performance, the implementation of the polarized source and the polarimeter research and development.
Using small‐scale measurements to estimate hypolimnetic oxygen depletion in a deep lake

Low oxygen concentrations in lakes and reservoirs are an ongoing environmental concern, particularly in light of increasing anthropogenic activity and climate change. Oxygen depletion processes in lakes are still not completely understood and a variety of models have been proposed based on limited field observations. Here, we present field measurements of oxygen depletion processes in a deep lake, Lake Geneva (Switzerland). The aim of this study was to quantify three basic processes controlling hypolimnetic oxygen depletion and their relative contribution to the total oxygen depletion (TOD) rate. Sediment oxygen uptake (SOU) and the flux of reduced substances were estimated based on oxygen microprofile measurements and sediment core data of reduced substances. Acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements and hydrodynamic modeling were used to ensure that SOU was measured under typical hydrodynamic conditions. Comparison with long‐term monitoring data allowed for an estimate of the relative importance of SOU and water column mineralization (WCM). Results show a decrease in both SOU and WCM down to mid‐depth which could not be explained by changes in hydrodynamic conditions or temperature. Below mid‐depth, TOD increased due to an enhanced sediment area to water volume ratio (α). This vertical pattern of oxygen depletion is driven by (1) lake morphometry paired with increasing α, and (2) decreasing organic matter mineralization in the water column with depth. The findings are explained by a model which separates the oxygen depletion into an exponentially decreasing component, representing the fast‐decaying fraction of the organic matter, and a constant background component.
Ortaöğretim Öğretmenlerinin 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Kullanım Yeterlikleri

Bu arastirmanin amaci, Turkiye’nin farkli illerinde ve farkli branslarda gorev yapan ortaogretim ogretmenlerinin 21. yuzyil becerileri kullanim yeterliklerinin cesitli demografik degiskenlere gore farklilasip farklilasmadigini tespit etmektir. Arastirma, genel tarama desenlerinden karsilastirma turu tarama deseni ile gerceklestirilmis olup, arastirmanin calisma grubunu 2017-2018 egitim-ogretim yilinda farkli illerde ve farkli okullarda gorev yapan 506 ortaogretim ogretmeni olusturmustur. Arastirmada, ogretmenlerin 21. yuzyil becerileri kullanim yeterliklerini ortaya cikarmak icin Orhan-Goksun (2016) tarafindan gelistirilen “21. yuzyil Ogreten Becerileri Kullanim Olcegi” ve yine ogretmenlere ait demografik degiskenlerin tespiti icin ise arastirmacilar tarafindan duzenlenen “Kisisel Bilgi Formu” kullanilmistir. Arastirma kapsaminda, ogretmenlerinin 21. yuzyil ogreten becerileri kullanim yeterlikleri; cinsiyet, hizmet yili, mezun olunan fakulte, calistigi kurum gibi degiskenler acisindan incelenmis ve bircok farklilik tespit edilmistir. Bu arastirmadan elde edilen bulgularin ogretmen yeterlikleri ve ogretmen yetistirme sistemleri alan yazinina katki saglayacagi umulmaktadir.
Investigation of weather anomalies in the low-latitude islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991

Abstract. Temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration measurements at meteorological stations across the southern Indian Ocean have been analysed to try to differentiate the possible influence of the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption in the Philippines in June 1991 and the normal weather forcings. During December 1991, precipitation on the tropical islands Glorieuses (11.6° S) and Mayotte (12.8° S) was 4 and 3 times greater, respectively, than the climatological mean (precipitation is greater by more than than twice the standard deviation (SD)). Mean sunshine duration (expressed in sun hours per day) was only 6 h on Mayotte, although the sunshine duration is usually more than 7.5 ± 0.75 h, and on the Glorieuses it was only 5 h, although it is usually 8.5 ± 1 h. Mean and SD of sunshine duration are based on December (1964–2001 for Mayotte, 1966–1999 for the Glorieuses). The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is shown to correlate best with precipitation in this area. Variability controlling the warm zone on these two islands can be increased by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), El Nino, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and/or solar activity (sunspot number, SSN). However, temperature records of these two islands show weak dependence on such forcings (temperatures are close to the climatological mean for December). This suggests that such weather forcings have an indirect effect on the precipitation. December 1991 was associated with unusually low values of the MJO index, which favours high rainfall, as well as with El Nino, eastern QBO and high SSN, which favour high variability. It is therefore not clear whether the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption had an effect. Since the precipitation anomalies at the Glorieuses and Mayotte are more or less local (Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data) and the effect of the Pinatubo volcanic cloud should be more widespread, it seems unlikely that Pinatubo was the cause. Islands at higher southern latitudes (south of Tromelin at 15.5° S) were not affected by the Pinatubo eruption in terms of sunshine duration, precipitation or temperature.
Moving home in the early years: what happens to children in the UK?

Children’s early years are a time when many families move home. Does residential mobility affect children’s wellbeing at age five in terms of cognitive and behavioural development? The question arises as moving home is sometimes portrayed as a stressful life event adversely affecting child development, particularly if frequent. Other studies suggest a more mixed role for home moves, which may reflect good or bad changes in family circumstances. This paper first presents evidence from the first five years of the UK Millennium Cohort Study about who moved, how often and why. We find that many British families at this point in the life cycle move to improve the housing of a growing family. We then investigate the relationship between the number of moves and child outcomes. Generally, moving displays an adverse association with our three indicators of child development at age five. However the adverse association is statistically explained by changes in family structure, employment status, insecure housing tenure, and other controls for family vulnerabilities. Moving is better seen as sometimes a response to other family stressors. Differentiating moves in terms of their destination we find that moving into the 30% poorest areas, as well as ‘failing’ to move out of them, shows some adverse outcomes for children. After allowing for other associations with family disadvantage, also apparent in other studies of the Millennium Cohort, we find a small but significant disadvantage to living in low-income areas as well as moving within them.
Spatial distribution of Dactylogyrus (Monogenan) on the gills of the host fish

The spatial distribution of six Monogenean species, Dactylogyrus extensus, Dactylogyrus auriculatus, Dactylogyrus difformis, Dactylogyrus difformoides, Dactylogyrus amphibothrium and Dactylogyrus hemiamphibothrium on the host fish gill was investigated. There were no preference found in the distribution of Dactylogyrus species over the gill arches between left and right sides of the hosts. There were, however, preferences for the specific gill arches or for particular faces of the hemibranches. The first gill arch (I) was preferred by D. amphibothrium, gill arch II by D. auriculatus, gill arch III by D. auriculatus, D. difformis and D. difformoides, and gill arch IV by D. difformis and D. difformoides. D. extensus, D. auriculatus exhibited a preference for the inner side of the gill. Furthermore, D. extensus showed preference for the distal-median and distal- ventral parts of the gill, D. auriculatus preferred proximal-ventral, and proximal median segments and D. difformis and D. difformoides preferred distal-dorsal segments of the host fish. These specific preferences might be effected by the interaction of several factors such as differences in the water current over different parts of the gill surface, parasite density, as well as ecological and morphological differences between monogenean species.
Earnings Management in Banking Industry And Its Impact on The Firm Value

This research investigates earnings management through discretionary accruals in pre and post period of convergence of IFRS and analyses its impact on the firm value in Indonesian banking industry. The sample of this research was 23 banks listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange over period of 2007-2014. The method of this research is quantitative. The data are analyzed using the non-paramateric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks and the multiple regression. The result of this research found that accrual earnings management has no the mean difference in pre and post period of convergence of IFRS. Based on the effect of earnings management on banking firm value, it was found that banking earnings management has an impact on the increase of the firm value. This research further identifies the patterns in accrual earnings management including income-increasing and income-decreasing. Both patterns induced managers to increase the firm value. This research also found that that income-decreasing pattern has a stronger impact on the increase of the firm value than income-increasing pattern.
Technical efficiency in Ghana's cocoa industry: Evidence from Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District

This study empirically examined the production efficiency of cocoa farmers in Bibiani-AnhwiasoBekwai District in Ghana using farm level data. Results presented were based on data collected from a random sample of 300 cocoa farmers in fifteen (15) communities/villages using standardized structured questionnaires. The productivity and technical efficiency in cocoa production were estimated through stochastic frontier production function analysis. Empirical results showed that cocoa farms in the study area exhibited increasing returns-to-scale (RTS=1.26), indicating reducing average costs (AC) of production. This implies that cocoa farmers were operating in the irrational zone of production (stage I), an indication of inefficiency in production. The technical efficiency levels in cocoa production were estimated to range between 3 and 93% with a mean technical efficiency of 49%. The main factors that significantly affected technical efficiency in cocoa production were found to be farmer’s experience in cocoa production, farmer’s participation in the Cocoa Disease and Pest Control (CODAPEC) programme, and household size. The study recommended subsidies on chemical inputs for disease and pest control to improve resource use efficiency in cocoa production.
A Retrospective Study on Changes in Food Preferences of Japanese High School Students from Childhood to the Present Day

Background: To conduct a retrospective study for investigating changes in food preferences of high school students from childhood to the present day.Methods: The study included 1,300 students aged 16–18 years who responded to a questionnaire regarding food items that they disliked at present and in their childhood; they selected a list of 55 foods and responded to 35 questions regarding their food habits. The distribution was categorized into four patterns of food preferences based on whether a particular student had disliked a particular food item during childhood (+) and during high school at present (+). Food preference at present was examined for all other items using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for gender and age. Results: In total, 66.9% of the subjects reported (+) to (+), 12.5% reported (+) to (−), 6.5% reported (−) to (+), and 14.1% reported (−) to (−). Even in the (+) to (+) group, a significant decrease was observed in the number of disliked foods from childhood (5.5 ± 5.4) to the present day (4.2 ± 4.1) (P < 0.001, ANOVA). No dislike for any food item at present was related to no dislike for any food item during childhood [odds ratio (OR), 12.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.3–19.1]] and talking positively about food (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11–1.49) but inversely related to the limited use of smartphone while eating (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.98). Conclusion: Decreasing the dislike for foods at present as well as no dislike for any food item during childhood may be crucial for developing future good food habits in high school students. In addition, to improve current food preferences, students may need to eat together.
Anomie, Social Change and Crime. A Theoretical Examination of Institutional-Anomie Theory

The last decade has seen a revived interest in using anomie theory in crime and deviance research. The present paper contributes to this development by offering an examination of a particular extension of anomie theory, namely, Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional-Anomie theory. Explicating Institutional-Anomie theory relative to the sociologies of Durkheim, Merton and Polanyi, I find that this theory goes beyond Merton by using a strain of thought that is critical of liberal society. By bringing in the notion of the disembedded market economy, a central notion in the institutionalism of Polanyi and Durkheim, this theory links crime, anomie, and contemporary social change. I also discuss some of the limitations of linking crime with societal level processes in a Durkheimian rather than Mertonian manner.
The effect of supportive nursing intervention on burden and coping strategies of cargivers of children with cancer

Background and objective: Cancer is a serious health problem. Children with cancer are in particular need of support and care due to its complications followed by chemotherapy. These children should be cared for at home by family caregivers, and this places great mental and physical burden on caregivers. Therefore, appropriate and effective nursing interventions are essential in order to decrease burden and improve their coping pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supportive nursing intervention on the burden of care and coping pattern in caregivers of children with cancer. Methods: Research design: A Quasi-study pre, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention was used to test the study hypothesis and fulfill the aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at outpatient clinic in Specialized Pediatric Hospital at Benha City. Subjects: Sixty caregivers for children with cancer was chosen through convenient sampling method and divided by using table of random numbers into two groups, study and control group. Caregivers of the study group attended seven nursing intervention sessions. Tools: The tools used were (1) An inertviewing questionnaire which include two part; sociodemoghaphic date and medical history for child and thier caregivers (2) Zarit Burden Scale (3) Coping Health Inventory for caregivers parents (CHIP). Results: During the study period, burden decreased in the study group and increased in the control group. Mean burden of care score before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention was 42.2, 33.7, and 25.6, respectively, in the study group and 44.2, 46.1, and 48.5, respectively, in the control group. In addition, the mean burden score in the study group significantly decreased in comparison with the control group ( p < .001). Also, coping strategies increased in the study group and decreased in the control group. Mean coping pattern score before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention was 32.8, 47.5, 53.6, respectively, in the study group and 34.7, 30.7 and 26.2, respectively, in the control group. In addition, the mean coping pattern score in the study group significantly improved in comparison with the control group ( p < .001). Conclusions: The supportaive nursing intervention can decrease burden in caregivers of children with cancer and consequently improve their methods of coping.
Impact of audit committees with independent financial experts on accounting quality. An empirical analysis of the German capital market

This paper presents the findings from a study, based on the annual reports’ analysis of German corporations listed in the DAX30, TecDAX, MDAX and SDAX, that investigates whether the implementation of audit committees and independent members with financial expertise leads to higher accounting quality (lower earnings management and accounting errors). The analysis of regressions conducted states a significant negative link between the independence and financial expertise of its members, earnings management and accounting errors. Significant results cannot be achieved if less than 50% of the audit committee members are independent financial experts.
Aphid incidence and its correlation with different environmental factors

The aphid incidence and its correlation with environmental factors were studied. Mustard variety “Sampad” was used as test crop. Aphid incidence varied significantly at various parts of mustard plant and time of the day. The highest number of aphid was observed in the vegetative parts of the mustard plant in the morning. High cloudiness, relative humidity and dew point favoured the aphid population and slight rain fall quickly declined the aphid population. Among the different environmental factors maximum temperature, dew point and sun shine hours were positively correlated with aphid population and minimum temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively correlated with aphid population.
Narcissistic Self-Enhancement and Willingness to Seek Feedback on Weaknesses

In the current study, I investigated the relationship between narcissism level and feedback-seeking behavior. Using a dimensional approach to personality classification, I considered narcissism to be a component of normal personality and measured this construct with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. I also investigated the willingness of narcissistic individuals to view feedback regarding their weaknesses, as well as the relationships between narcissism and different cognitive reactions to favorable and unfavorable feedback. Results indicated that, when given the opportunity, narcissistic people seek favorable feedback that pertains to their strengths, while passing on opportunities to receive feedback regarding their weaknesses. They also react to unfavorable feedback by perceiving that feedback as being inaccurate. I used selfenhancement and self-verification theories of self-concept formulation as applied to narcissism to explain the current findings. Narcissistic Self-Enhancement 3