Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caveolin-1 and Caveolin-2 Can Be Antagonistic Partners in Inflammation and Beyond

Caveolins, encoded by the CAV gene family, are the main protein components of caveolae. In most tissues, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and caveolin-2 (Cav-2) are co-expressed, and Cav-2 targeting to caveolae depends on the formation of heterooligomers with Cav-1. Notwithstanding, Cav-2 has unpredictable activities, opposing Cav-1 in the regulation of some cellular processes. While the major roles of Cav-1 as a modulator of cell signaling in inflammatory processes and in immune responses have been extensively discussed elsewhere, the aim of this review is to focus on data revealing the distinct activity of Cav-1 and Cav-2, which suggest that these proteins act antagonistically to fine-tune a variety of cellular processes relevant to inflammation.
Peer-Reviewed Journal Publication of Abstracts Presented at an International Emergency Medicine Scientific Meeting: Outcomes and Comparison With the Previous Meeting

Abstract Scientific presentations at professional organization meetings have long been recognized as a method of providing up-to-date and novel information to both the medical and scientific community. After abstract presentation at a medical conference, the subsequent publication rate of full-text articles is variable, and few studies have examined this topic with respect to international emergency medicine conferences. This study's goals were to determine the publication rate of articles resulting from abstracts presented at the 12th International Conference on Emergency Medicine 2008 in San Francisco, Calif, and to compare this with data from the previous International Conference on Emergency Medicine 2006 conference in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. We found a reduction in publication rate from 33.2% in 2006 to 22.8% in 2008 and that the host country furnished a greater proportion of the abstracts. It would be interesting to examine how these potential trends played out over more extended periods.
Dysplasia and cancer in ulcerative colitis: a soluble problem?

Now that many of the problems associated with the recognition, classification and terminology of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis have been overcome, the clinical effectiveness of such a classification needs to be investigated. Because dysplasia has been defined as an unequivocally neoplastic transformation of the epithelium which is capable of giving rise to an invasive carcinoma, it follows that in waiting for the development of dysplasia in patients at risk, there will always be an associated and as yet undefined incidence of invasive carcinoma already being present. Nevertheless, it is currently inappropriate to consider proctocolectomy before such changes develop. It is emphasised that waiting for high grade dysplasia to develop may lead to an unacceptably high level of associated invasive carcinoma. Also, because dysplasia is frequently focal, the changes of detecting it on random biopsy are directly proportional to the number of biopsies taken, and if found in flat mucosa it may be difficult to confirm the presence of such dysplasia by re-biopsy. Colectomy at this stage is aimed at cancer prevention rather than early cancer detection. Conversely, targeted biopsies of endoscopically visible plaques, nodules or other abnormalities, which may already be the superficial part of invasive carcinomas, offer the best hope of early detection of carcinoma. However, a proportion of these may have metastasised already; this is much more likely to have occurred if such a lesion is found at the first colonoscopy rather than in a patient in whom several surveillance colonoscopies have been carried out. Finally, the initial stages of many colitic cancers are undetectable endoscopically or radiologically but may be biopsied accidentally. All of these factors suggest that unexpected carcinomas will occur in any long-term prospective study. Surprisingly, most will not be lethal and they can be kept to a minimum if proctocolectomy is considered once unequivocal dysplasia is demonstrated on biopsy, particularly in parts of the world where large bowel cancer is already common. Data are required which assess accurately the risk of an invasive carcinoma being present or developing when epithelium indefinite for dysplasia, low grade dysplasia or high grade dysplasia are present both with and without an endoscopic abnormality being the source of the biopsy, and when such biopsies are obtained at the first or at subsequent colonoscopies. Only then can the risks of colectomy be weighed adequately against the likelihood of carcinoma already being present. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Environmental Factors That Influence Stem Cell Migration: An “Electric Field”

Environmental Stimulus of Electric Fields on Stem Cell Migration. The movement of cells in response to electric potential gradients is called galvanotaxis. In vivo galvanotaxis, powered by endogenous electric fields (EFs), plays a critical role during development and wound healing. This review aims to provide a perspective on how stem cells transduce EFs into directed migration and an understanding of the current literature relating to the mechanisms by which cells sense and transduce EFs. We will comment on potential EF-based regenerative medicine therapeutics.
A modal view of linear logic

Abstract We present a sequent calculus for the modal logic S4, and building on some relevant features of this system (the absence of contraction rules and the confinement of weakenings into axioms and modal rules) we show how S4 can easily be translated into full prepositional linear logic, extending the Grishin-Ono translation of classical logic into linear logic. The translation introduces linear modalities (exponentials) only in correspondence with S4 modalities. We discuss the complexity of the decision problem for several classes of linear formulas naturally arising from the proposed translations.
Lipopolysaccharide: a Link between Periodontitis and Cardiometabolic Disorders

9 1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 11 1.1. Periodontal disease . 11 1.1.1. Structure of the periodontium . 11 1.1.2. Classification of periodontal disease . 12 1.1.3. Pathogenesis of periodontitis . 13 1.1.4. Host response . 14 1.1.5. Genetic susceptibility to periodontitis . 17 1.1. 6. Definition of periodontitis . 20 1.1. 7. Prevention and treatment of chronic periodontitis . 21 1.2. Lipoprotein metabolism . 22 1.2. 1. Lipoproteins . 22 1.2. 2. Lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport . 24 1.3. Lipopolysaccharide . 26 1.3.1. Structure of LPS. 26 1.3.2. LPS-mediated signaling and the innate immune response . 26 1.3. 3. LPS and periodontitis . 27 1.3. 4. LPS and nutrition . 28 1.4. Cardiometabolic disorders . 29 1.4.1. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases . 29 1.4.2. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus . 32 1.5. Periodontitis and cardiometabolic disorders . 34 1.5.1. Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases . 34 1.5.2. Periodontitis and obesity, MetS, and diabetes . 37 2. AIMS OF THE STUDY . 39 3. STUDY SUBJECTS AND METHODS . 40 3.1. Study subjects and design . 40 3.1.1. The Parogene study (I) . 40 3.1.2. The Health 2000 Survey (I) . 40 3.1.3. Periodontitis treatment study in Sweden (II) . 41 3.1.4. Periodontitis treatment study in Finland (III) . 41 3.1.5. The FINRISK97 Study (IV) . 41 3.2. Methods . 43 3.2. 1. Periodontal examination and treatment (I, II, III) . 44 3.2. 2. Genotyping (I) . 45 3.2. 3. Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry (I) . 46 3.2. 4. Isolation of lipoproteins (II, III). 46 3.2. 5. Serum LPS activity determinations (II, III, IV). 47 3.2. 6. Cell culture (III) . 47 3.2. 7. cDNA synthesis and quantitative real-time PCR (III) . 48 3.2. 8. Statistical analysis (I, II, III, IV) . 49 4. RESULTS . 51 4.1. Genetics predisposing to periodontitis (I). 51 4.2. Endotoxemia in patients with periodontitis (II, III) . 54 4.2. 1. Plasma LPS activity and lipoprotein distribution in periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment (II) . 54 4.2. 2. Proatherogenic properties of VLDL isolated from periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment (III) . 55 4.3. Endotoxemia and nutrition in patients with cardiometabolic disorders (IV) . 59 5. DISCUSSION . 63 5.1. Genetic basis of periodontitis . 63 5.2. Periodontal parameters and definition of periodontitis . 64 5.3. Proinflammatory mediators . 65 5.4. The effects of periodontitis-induced endotoxemia on lipoproteins . 66 5.5. Local and systemic effects of periodontal treatment . 68 5.6. Endotoxemia, cardiometabolic disorders, and diet . 69 5.7. Challenges in the determination of LPS activity . 70 6. CONCLUSIONS . 72 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 75 REFERENCES . 77
Effects of pregnancy on femoral microvascular responses in the rat.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that augmented basal and vasodilator agonist-stimulated synthesis of endothelium-derived nitric oxide would blunt vasoconstrictor-induced contraction and enhance relaxation in isolated femoral resistance vessels from pregnant rats. STUDY DESIGN Potassium chloride-, phenylephrine-, and angiotensin II-induced contraction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were assessed in small (approximately 240 microns diameter) femoral resistance arteries from gravid and virgin animals studied under isometric conditions; the effects of potassium chloride, phenylephrine, and acetylcholine were also studied in the presence of nitroarginine. RESULTS Maximal vasoconstriction was similar in vessels from virgin and pregnant rats, whereas phenylephrine potency was slightly enhanced in vessels from gravid animals. Nitroarginine augmented contraction in both groups but with greater effect on phenylephrine potency and on submaximal potassium chloride contractions in virgins. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation did not differ between groups and was similarly, but only partially, inhibited by nitroarginine. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy does not result in vasoconstrictor resistance, increased basal nitric oxide synthesis, or augmented agonist-stimulated endothelium-dependent relaxation in this particular isolated rat microvascular preparation. Further, endothelium-dependent relaxation of these vessels depends only partly on nitric oxide.
Microculture screening assay for primary in vitro evaluation of drugs against Pneumocystis carinii

Pneumocystis carinii inoculated into 96-well filtration plate assemblies was shown to synthesize radiolabeled folates de novo from [para-3H]aminobenzoic acid ([3H]pABA). At the end of each incubation with [3H]pABA, a vacuum manifold was used to remove the medium and wash P. carinii. The membrane at the base of each well was dried and punched out, and the level of 3H retained was determined by direct scintillation counting. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of duplicate filters confirmed that direct counting of 3H retained on membranes (after correction for unmetabolized [3H]pABA) was an accurate reflection of total [3H]pABA incorporation by P. carinii. Greater than 95% of the 3H recovered was shown to be present as polyglutamated species. After digestion with rat plasma folic acid gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, para-aminobenzoylglutamate, N10-formyltetrahydrofolate, and tetrahydrofolate were identified as the major 3H-labeled components. para-Aminobenzoylglutamate was presumed to have arisen from folylpolyglutamates synthesized by P. carinii and was therefore included in the calculation of total [3H]pABA incorporation. P. carinii incorporation of [3H]pABA under optimal conditions was used as a selective measure of in vitro viability against which the inhibitory effects of some antipneumocystis agents (pentamidine, sulfamethoxazole, 566C80, and piritrexim) were quantitated. The concentrations of pentamidine, sulfamethoxazole, 566C80, and piritrexim required for 50% inhibition in this assay were 7.3, 0.1, 1.4, and approximately 100 microM, respectively. The results suggest that this 96-well [3H]pABA incorporation assay has considerable potential for objective in vitro drug screening against P. carinii.
Specific Immunotherapy in a Pollen-Allergic Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

BackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization position paper, immunodeficiency such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a relative contraindication for specific immunotherapy (SIT). Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, a significant reconstitution of immune competence in individuals with HIV is possible.Case ReportIn a 52-year-old man, HIV infection was diagnosed in 1987. Antiretroviral therapy was started in 1998. He presented himself in July 2001 because of an increasingly severe seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Symptoms were not sufficiently alleviated by various antiallergic drugs.ResultsThe investigations showed a relevant sensitization to tree pollens. Specific immunotherapy with a tree pollen mix (hazel, birch, ash, and alder, 25% each) was started in November 2001. Viral load at this time was less than 50 copies/mL, the CD4+ cell count was 307/μL. Therapy was given in monthly intervals until mid-April 2005 without any side effects. Viral load and CD4+ cell counts did not change during SIT. Clinically, rhinoconjunctivitis was experienced only intermittently and symptom relief was almost 90%. ConclusionsThis report indicates that in patients with well-controlled HIV infection on highly active antiretroviral therapy, SIT with pollen extracts is a potential and successful therapeutic option.
Factor V inhibitors: rare or not so uncommon? A multi-laboratory investigation

Acquired deficiencies of, or inhibitors to, factor V are considered rare events. We report a series of 14 acquired factor V deficiencies, 10 of which were confirmed to have inhibitors to factor V, as identified within Australia in the past 5 years following a multi-laboratory investigation. The initial index case seen by one laboratory was followed within 4 months by a separate similar case. This prompted local contact with colleagues (n = 20) working in other haemostasis referral laboratories to identify the current case series. In total, nearly one-half of all haemostasis referral laboratories contacted had seen a case within the past 5 years. Clinical features and the apparent associated risk of bleeding complications generally varied, as did laboratory findings and the likely causal event. There were three females and 11 males. Age ranged from 44 to 95 years (median, 81 years). The level of inhibitor ranged from undetectable to over 250 Bethesda units. The probable cause leading to development of the inhibitors ranged from exposure to bovine thrombin, exposure to antibiotics, surgery and malignancy. Of additional interest was the apparent association of anti-phospholipid antibodies in many of the cases. For example, in the two similar index cases, with factor V inhibitor titres > 200 Bethesda units, high levels of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (> 70 GPL units) were also detected. Although less clear because of inhibitor interference, many of the cases also showed evident co-associated lupus anticoagulant activity. In conclusion, we report a series of factor V inhibitors recently identified within our geographic region that would represent an annual incidence of around 0.29 cases per million Australians. Although considered a rare finding, there is a high likelihood that most haemostasis referral laboratories will see a case every five or so years.
Feeling Torn When Everything Seems Right

The co-occurrence of positive and negative attributes of an attitude object typically accounts for less than a quarter of the variance in felt ambivalence toward these objects, rendering this evaluative incongruence insufficient for explaining felt ambivalence. The present research tested whether another type of incongruence, semantic incongruence, also causes felt ambivalence. Semantic incongruence arises from inconsistencies in the descriptive content of attitude objects’ attributes (e.g., attributes that are not mutually supportive), independent of these attributes’ valences. Experiment 1 manipulated evaluative and semantic incongruence using valence norms and semantic norms. Both of these norm-based manipulations independently predicted felt ambivalence, and, in Experiment 2, they even did so over and above self-based incongruence (i.e., participants’ idiosyncratic perceptions of evaluative and semantic incongruence). Experiments 3a and 3b revealed that aversive dissonant feelings play a role in the effects of evaluative incongruence, but not semantic incongruence, on felt ambivalence.
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of kernel anthocyanins from southwestern United States blue corn.

BACKGROUND Anthocyanin-rich blue corn is an emerging specialty crop in the USA. The antioxidant properties of blue corn offer health benefits in the human diet. The objectives of this study were to identify, characterize and quantify the anthocyanins from blue corn. Hypotheses tested were that total anthocyanin content was similar among southwestern US accessions and that it would vary across locations. It was also examined whether different anthocyanin components were unique to certain genotypes. RESULTS Across all locations and accessions, an average of 0.43 g kg(-1) total anthocyanin content (TAC) was observed. Accessions Santa Clara Blue and Ohio Blue displayed the highest TAC. The TAC of accession Flor del Rio was lower by nearly a factor of six. A total of five anthocyanin components were identified. Cyanidin 3-glucoside was the most abundant, followed by pelargonidin and peonidin 3-glucoside. Succinyl and disuccinyl glycosidic forms of cyanidin were also identified. Cyanidin 3-disuccinylglucoside was newly identified as a novel form of anthocyanin. CONCLUSION Quantitative and qualitative anthocyanin expression was determined to be relatively stable across multiple southwestern environments. Increased expression of red and purple pigmentation in accession Flor del Rio appeared to be associated more with reduced TAC and cyanidin 3-glucoside than with elevated pelargonidin per se. A previously unreported anthocyanin component in blue corn, cyanidin 3-disuccinylglucoside, is present in southwestern landraces. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Medical decision making in antipsychotic drug choice for schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The influence of patient and physician variables on antipsychotic drug choice for patients with schizophrenia was assessed. METHOD Interviews with 100 psychiatrists on drug choice for 200 patients suffering from schizophrenia were conducted. Data were analyzed by using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Older physicians were up to five times more likely to prescribe first-generation antipsychotics. Patient variables did not influence treatment decisions significantly. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need for more research on clinical decision making and quality management.
Expansions of ordered fields without definable gaps

In this paper we are concerned with definably, with or without parameters, (Dedekind) complete expansions of ordered fields, i. e. those with no definable gaps. We present several axiomatizations, like being definably connected, in each of the two cases. As a corollary, when parameters are allowed, expansions of ordered fields are o‐minimal if and only if all their definable subsets are finite disjoint unions of definably connected (definable) subsets. We pay attention to how simply (in terms of the quantifier complexity and/or usage of parameters) a definable gap in an expansion is so. Next we prove that over parametrically definably complete expansions of ordered fields, all one‐to‐one definable (with parameters) continuous functions are monotone and open. Moreover, in both parameter and parameter‐free cases again, definably complete expansions of ordered fields satisfy definable versions of the Heine‐Borel and Extreme Value theorems and also Bounded Intersection Property for definable families of closed bounded subsets.
ESTUDO ANATÔMICO DA VEIA RENAL ESQUERDA DE CADÁVERES HUMANOS BRASILEIROS

O estudo das variacoes anatomicas da veia renal esquerda (VRE) e materia de importância na realizacao das anastomoses para o tratamento cirurgico da hipertensao portal, estudos radiologicos e para as nefrectomias de doadores de transplante renal. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal e retrospectivo, cujo objetivo foi identificar e avaliar as variacoes anatomicas da VRE em cadaveres. Um total de 34 cadaveres foi analisado (24 do sexo masculino, 10 do sexo feminino) sob os seguintes aspectos: numero de tributarias renais, numero de veias renais acessorias, posicao em relacao a aorta abdominal (Ao) e a arteria renal esquerda (ARE) e comprimento da VRE. A VRE era unica em 91,1% (n=31) dos casos e dupla em 8,9% (n=3). Observou-se um caso de VRE circum-aortica. Dos 34 casos estudados, 55,8% (n=19) apresentavam duas tributarias, que se uniam para formar a VRE principal, 14,7% (n=5) apresentavam tres tributarias e, em 29,4% (n=10), elas eram ausentes ( quando a VRE originase diretamente do rim, sem que fossem visualizadas, no hilo, tributarias renais, que contribuissem para a sua formacao). A veia renoazigolombar esteve presente em 26,4%, n=9 (23,5%:unica; 2,9%: dupla). A veia testicular / ovarica era unica em 85,2% (n=29) e dupla em 8,8% (n=3). Em dois casos, nao pode ser estudada. Quanto a posicao em relacao a Ao e a ARE, a VRE encontrava-se predominantemente na topografia anterior, com variacoes percentuais de 44,5% a 96,5%, dependendo se a ARE era unica, dupla ou tripla. O comprimento medio foi de 5,4cm, variando de 2,2cm a 8,0cm. Conclui-se, no presente estudo, que as tributarias renais foram mais frequentes em numero de duas; a veia renoazigolombar esteve presente em frequencia inferior a da literatura; a veia testicular / ovarica foi mais frequente na forma unica; a posicao mais frequente em relacao a Ao e a ARE foi a anterior e o comprimento medio da VRE concordou com apenas duas das publicacoes onde tal parâmetro foi avaliado.
Understanding Intention to Explore Business Intelligence Systems: The Role of Fit and Engagement

This paper explores how user engagement affects users’ intention to explore business intelligence system (BIS) and how user engagement is promoted by the cognitive fit between BIS interface and tasks and the regulatory compatibility between BIS interface and personal characteristics, such as style of information processing. Results from the lab experiment suggest that the cognitive fit and the regulatory compatibility could both influence users’ engagement experience, which in turn affected users’ intention to explore BIS. This study may contribute to the extant information systems (IS) literature by uncovering the impacts of engagement experience on intention to explore and responding to the call for investigation of the BIS context where rich visualizations of the systems influence users’ engagement experience.