Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intel SGX Explained

Intel’s Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a set of extensions to the Intel architecture that aims to provide integrity and confidentiality guarantees to securitysensitive computation performed on a computer where all the privileged software (kernel, hypervisor, etc) is potentially malicious. This paper analyzes Intel SGX, based on the 3 papers [14, 78, 137] that introduced it, on the Intel Software Developer’s Manual [100] (which supersedes the SGX manuals [94, 98]), on an ISCA 2015 tutorial [102], and on two patents [108, 136]. We use the papers, reference manuals, and tutorial as primary data sources, and only draw on the patents to fill in missing information. This paper’s contributions are a summary of the Intel-specific architectural and micro-architectural details needed to understand SGX, a detailed and structured presentation of the publicly available information on SGX, a series of intelligent guesses about some important but undocumented aspects of SGX, and an analysis of SGX’s security properties.
Technical Note - Analysis of a Heuristic for One Machine Sequencing with Release Dates and Delivery Times

EACH OF n jobs is to be processed without interruption on a single machine. The machine can process only one job at a time. Job i (i = 1, #t4, n) is available for processing at time ri, has a nonzero processing time pi and has a subsequent delivery time qi. We assume that all ri, pi and qi are integers. The objective is to find a sequence of jobs which minimizes the time by which all jobs are delivered. As the problem is stated above, it is in symmetric form because an equivalent inverse problem can be obtained from the original problem by interchanging ri and qi for all jobs i. For any constant K, we can define due dates for each job i by di = K qi. This produces a modified problem in which the due dates replace the delivery times. Minimizing the time by which all jobs are delivered in the symmetric form is equivalent to minimizing maximum lateness with respect to the due dates in the modified form. It has been shown by Lenstra et al. (1977) that the problem is NPhard, which implies that the existence of a polynomial bounded algorithm to solve the problem is unlikely. Implicit enumeration algorithms have been successfully applied to problems with up to 80 jobs by Baker and Su (1974), McMahon and Florian (1975) and Lageweg et al. (1976). Kise et al. (1978) has analyzed the performance of several heuristics, demonstrating that each heuristic can deviate by an amount arbitrarily close to 100% from the optimum. This analysis has since been extended by Kise and Uno (1978). In this note we shall concentrate on the analysis of some heuristics or approximation algorithms which never deviate by more than
Factors affecting spacial awareness in non-stereo visual representations of virtual, real and digital image environments

The increasing number of applications employing virtual environment (VE) teclmologies as a tool, particularly those that use VE as surrogates, makes it important to examine the ability of YE to provide realistic simulations to users. Accurate space and distance perceptions have been suggested as essential preconditions for the reliable use of VE teclmologies in various applications. However, space and distance perception in the VE has been reported by some . investigators as being perceived differently from the real world. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of factors affecting spatial awareness in the YE. The general approach is based on a strategy of conducting empirical investigations comparing tasks performed in the VE to similar tasks performed in the real world. This research has examined the effect of display related factors on users' spatial task performance in the context of static, dynamic and interactive presentations. Three sets of experiments in these respective contexts were conducted to explore the influence of image type, display size, viewing distance, physiological cues, interface device and travel modes on distance estimate and spatial memory tasks. For distance perception, results revealed that the effect of image type depends on the context of presentations, the type of asynunetrical distances and image resolution. The effect of display size in static and dynamic presentations is consistent with the results of previous investigations. However, results from evaluations conducted by the author have indicated that other factors such as viewing distance and physiological cues were also accountable. In interactive presentations, results indicated that display size had different effects on different users whereby familiarity with display size may influence user's performance. Similarly, it was shown that a commonly used interface device is more useful and beneficial for user's spatial memory performance in the VE than the less familiar ones. In terms of travel mode, the natural method of movement available in the real world may not necessary be better than the unnatural movement which is possible in the VE. The results of investigations reported in this thesis contribute towards knowledge and understanding on factors affecting spatial awareness in the real and YE. In particular, they highlight the influence of these factors in space and distance perception in different contexts of VE presentations which will serve as important scientifically based guidelines for designers and users of VE applications.
Effect of Auxin on Chlorella Vulgaris.

size; fronds thin, membranaceous. 7. I. sinicola 7. Fronds for the most part broader than long. 8. I. Whidbeyanum 7. Fronds usually from 2 to many times as long as broad. 8 8. Fronds linear, many times longer than broad, mostly 5-10 cm. wide . 9 8. Fronds broader . 10 9. Stipe conspicuous, 2-5 cm. long, merging into a cuneate apophysis; medulla composed of a network of filaments 3-6,u wide, with cells many times as long as wide . 9. I. lineare 9. Stipe and apophysis shorter; medulla composed of cells up to 25,u diam. , and 2-5 times as long as broad. 10. I. Reediae '10. Fronds up to 1.5 mm. thick, coriaceous, cartilaginous on drying; dark red to brownish at maturity, very dark on drying. 11. I. coriaceum 10. Fronds thinner, more or less iridescent when fresh. 11 11. Fronds short and relatively broad for the most part, with the base decidedly cordate . 12. I. cordatum 11. Fronds relatively short and broad, mostly with cuneate base, brilliantly iridescent . 13. I. fulgens 11. Fronds usually decidedly longer than broad, for the most part with cuneate base . 12 12. Fronds up to 2.5 times as long as broad; ox-blood red in color . 14. I. sanguineum 12. Fronds for the most part over 2.5 timnes as long as broad; color violet or purplish . 13 13. Fronds somewhat coriaceous, more or less purplish and very highly iridescent when fresh . 15. I. splendens 13. Fronds thin and flaccid, violet color below.16. I. flaccidum
Cancer mortality in a cohort of rural licensed pesticide users in the province of Rome.

The mortality of a cohort of 2310 male workers who obtained a licence to handle pesticides in the period 1973-1979 in the province of Rome was investigated. The cohort contributed 26,846 person-years of exposure. The vital status of the cohort was determined up to the end of 1988. The causes of death of the 207 who had died were ascertained from death certificates. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were computed using both the provincial and the national mortality rates. The two methods yielded very similar results. Using the national rates, the SMR for all causes was 56 (95% confidence interval (CI) : 45.3-59.8), for cardiovascular diseases 47 (95% CI : 37.1-59.1), and for all cancers 72 (95% CI : 57.8-89.3). A statistically significant excess was noted for brain cancer (SMR = 270, 95% CI : 108.6-556.9). In addition, the cohort experienced statistically significant lower lung cancer mortality (SMR = 57, 95% CI : 35.6-80.0).
Correlation between the blood supply and grade of malignancy of hepatocellular nodules associated with liver cirrhosis: evaluation by CT during intraarterial injection of contrast medium.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the intranodular blood supply revealed by CT during intraarterial injection of contrast medium, mainly using helical CT, and the grade of malignancy of hepatocellular nodules associated with liver cirrhosis as classified by the International Working Party of the World Congress of Gastroenterology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied 201 histologically proven nodules (101 resected and 100 biopsied nodules), including 47 low-grade dysplastic nodules (low-DNs), 56 high-grade dysplastic nodules (high-DNs), 24 well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (wd-HCCs), and 74 moderately or poorly differentiated HCCs (mp-HCCs), in 139 cirrhotic patients. Findings on CT during arterial portography (n = 201) and CT during hepatic arteriography (n = 74) were reviewed and compared with the histologic diagnosis. RESULTS CT findings were classified into four types relative to the surrounding liver: type A (isodense), type B (slightly hypodense), type C (partially hypodense), and type D (markedly hypodense) on CT during arterial portography and type I (isodense), type II (hypodense), type III (partially hyperdense), and type IV (hyperdense) on CT during hepatic arteriography. On CT during arterial portography, the distributions of each type were low-DN (n = 47 [A, n = 36; B, n = 8; C, n = 3]), high-DN (n = 56 [A, n = 18; B, n = 20; C, n = 10; D, n = 8]), wd-HCC (n = 24; [B, n = 4; C, n = 13; D, n = 7]), and mp-HCC (n = 74 [D, n = 74]). On CT during hepatic arteriography, the distributions were low-DN (n = 26 [I, n = 18; II, n = 7; III, n = 1]), high-DN (n = 19 [I, n = 6; II, n = 7; III, n = 4; IV, n = 2]), wd-HCC (n = 15 [I, n = 1; III, n = 8; IV, n = 6]), and mp-HCC (n = 14 [IV, n = 14]). We found a statistically significant correlation between the four types and the grade of malignancy of these nodules. CONCLUSION Findings on CT during arterial portography and CT during hepatic arteriography correlated positively with histologic grading when overlap in appearance between dysplastic nodules and HCCs occurred. The concept revealed in this study can apply to diagnoses made on the basis of Doppler sonography, dynamic CT, and MR imaging.
Bosentan therapy for patients with severe Raynaud’s phenomenon in systemic sclerosis

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is present in more than 95% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Its frequency and severity in combination with the presence of digital ulcers affect the quality of life of patients.1 Although the aetiology of RP is multifactorial, endothelin-1 has been suggested to play a role in its pathogenesis.2 Bosentan, an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, has been shown to be effective in preventing the occurrence of new digital ulcers when compared with placebo.3 Against this background, we hypothesized that bosentan can be a useful and effective strategy in SSc patients with RP. Therefore we assessed the effects of bosentan …
News Feature: Capturing cancer’s complexity

Looking down from an airplane window, it’s hard to appreciate the diversity of plants that thrive in a lush forest thousands of feet below. The shade of green might hint at a dominant species, but what else is mixed in? And what’s growing below those highest treetops? Cataloguing the trees at the edge of the forest is also little help. Is the other side of the forest the same? It’s nearly impossible to tell what’s really sustaining this complex ecosystem.
Exploring the Multivariate Relationships between Adolescent Depression and Social Support, Religiosity, and Spirituality in a Faith-Based High School

Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders that affect adolescents. In this study, we investigated how depression in adolescents relates to social support, religiosity, and spirituality in multivariate analyses. We also investigated whether age, gender and ethnicity are predictors of depression among adolescents in a faith-based high school. We measured social support using the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS), religiosity with the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL); spirituality with the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS); and depression with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). Results of the bivariate analyses showed a significant negative association between depression and social support, religiosity, and spirituality (p –0.548, p = 0.00) was negatively related to depression in adolescents. The study found significant gender differences only in religiosity, while significant ethnic differences were only found in social support. Implications to education, practice, research and future directions of study are discussed.
In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Stereum Ostrea a Wood Decaying Macro Fungus

The increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains has prompted the need for antibacterial controls other than the existing antibiotics. In the present study, a wood decaying macro fungi Stereum ostrea was assessed in-vitro for its ability to inhibit the growth of different bacterial strains. The antibacterial activities of acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of fruiting body of Stereum ostrea were evaluated against the bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration of acetone extract against the test microorganisms was lesser than that of ethanol and aqueous extracts. From the minimum inhibitory concentration data it could be concluded that acetone extract was most active as antimicrobial against the test microorganisms followed by ethanol and aqueous extracts. The acetone extract, ethanol extract and aqueous extract of Stereum ostrea were having maximum zone of inhibition of 19.17mm, 12.67mm and 10.17mm respectively against Bacillus subtilis, and minimum zone of inhibition of 11.33mm, 8.50mm and 7.33mm respectively against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study concluded that the different extracts of fruiting body of Stereum ostrea contain potential compounds that inhibit growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
The fibroblast surface markers FAP, anti‐fibroblast, and FSP are expressed by cells of epithelial origin and may be altered during epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition

The identification of fibroblasts and cancer‐associated fibroblasts from human cancer tissue using surface markers is difficult, especially because the markers used currently are usually not expressed solely by fibroblasts, and the identification of fibroblast‐specific surface molecules is still under investigation. It was aimed to compare three commercially available antibodies in the detection of different surface epitopes of fibroblasts (anti‐fibroblast, fibroblast activation protein α, and fibroblast surface protein). The specificity of their expression, employing fibroblast cell lines and tumor‐derived fibroblasts from breast and prostate tissues was investigated. Both the established fibroblast cell line HFF‐1 and ex vivo primary fibroblasts isolated from breast and prostate cancer tissues expressed the tested surface markers to different degrees. Surprisingly, those markers were expressed also by permanent cell lines of epithelial origin, both benign and cancer‐derived (breast‐cell lines MCF 10A, HMLE and prostate‐cell lines BPH‐1, DU 145, and PC‐3). The expression of fibroblast activation protein α increased on the surface of previously described models of epithelial cells undergoing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in response to treatment with TGF‐β1. To prove the co‐expression of the fibroblast markers on cells of epithelial origin, we used freshly dissociated human prostate and breast cancer tissues. The results confirmed the co‐expression of anti‐fibroblast and fibroblast surface protein on CD31/CD45‐negative/EpCAM‐positive epithelial cells. In summary, our data support the findings that the tested fibroblast markers are not fibroblast specific and may be expressed also by cells of epithelial origin (e.g., cells undergoing EMT). Therefore, the expression of these markers should be interpreted with caution, and the combination of several epitopes for both positive (anti‐fibroblast or fibroblast activation protein α) and negative (EpCAM) identification of fibroblasts from breast and prostate tumor tissues is advised. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Suggestion of linkage of a major locus for nonsyndromic orofacial cleft with F13A and tentative assignment to chromosome 6

A Danish material of 58 pedigrees with nonsyndromic orofacial cleft, selected out of a compre‐hensive Danish material for suggestiveness of autosomal dominant inheritance, was studied for linkage with 42 non‐DNA polymorphic marker Systems. Both cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and cleft lip alone (CP) were, for the purpose of linkage analysis, scored as if they were due to an autosomal dominant gène with complete penetrance. The highest lod score was with the blood clotting factor XIIIA (F 13A): for maies alone z=3.40 at theta = 0.00, for females alone z=0.30 at theta=0.21, and for these together z = 3.66 at theta=0.00 for males and 0.26 for females. Since F13A is known to be located distally on chromosome 6, we tentatively assign a major locus for orofacial cleft to this region. Since both CL(P) and CP pedigrees contribute to the positive score, the question arises whether this locus carries two cleft alleles.
From home range dynamics to population cycles: Validation and realism of a common vole population model for pesticide risk assessment

Despite various attempts to establish population models as standard tools in pesticide risk assessment, population models still receive limited acceptance by risk assessors and authorities in Europe. A main criticism of risk assessors is that population models are often not, or not sufficiently, validated. Hence the realism of population‐level risk assessments conducted with such models remains uncertain. We therefore developed an individual‐based population model for the common vole, Microtus arvalis, and demonstrate how population models can be validated in great detail based on published data. The model is developed for application in pesticide risk assessment, therefore, the validation covers all areas of the biology of the common vole that are relevant for the analysis of potential effects and recovery after application of pesticides. Our results indicate that reproduction, survival, age structure, spatial behavior, and population dynamics reproduced from the model are comparable to field observations. Also interannual population cycles, which are frequently observed in field studies of small mammals, emerge from the population model. These cycles were shown to be caused by the home range behavior and dispersal. As observed previously in the field, population cycles in the model were also stronger for longer breeding season length. Our results show how validation can help to evaluate the realism of population models, and we discuss the importance of taking field methodology and resulting bias into account. Our results also demonstrate how population models can help to test or understand biological mechanisms in population ecology. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 294–307. © 2012 SETAC
N‐acetyllactosamine‐induced retraction of bundle‐forming pili regulates virulence‐associated gene expression in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries. The pathogenesis of EPEC is dependent on a coordinated multi‐step process culminating in the intimate adherence of the organisms to the host's intestinal mucosa. During the initial stages of the EPEC colonization process, the fimbrial adhesin, bundle‐forming pili (BFP), plays an integral role. We previously reported that the major BFP structural subunit, bundlin, displays lectin‐like properties, which enables BFP to initially tether EPEC to N‐acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) glycan receptors on host cell surfaces. We also reported that incubating EPEC with synthetic LacNAc‐bearing neoglycoconjugates not only inhibits their adherence to host cells, but also induces BFP retraction and subsequent degradation of the bundlin subunits. Herein, we demonstrate that the periplasmic serine protease, DegP, is required for degrading bundlin during this process. We also show that DegP appears to act as a bundlin chaperone during BFP assembly and that LacNAc‐BSA‐induced BFP retraction is followed by transcriptional upregulation of the BFP operon and downregulation of the locus of enterocyte effacement operons in EPEC.
Central tumour location should be considered when comparing N1 upstaging between thoracoscopic and open surgery for clinical stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES Nodal upstaging is a quality indicator for oncological thoracic surgery and is found in up to 25% of patients with clinical stage I (cStage-I) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In large retrospective series, lower N1 upstaging was reported after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) resections. We studied the impact of central primary tumour location on nodal upstaging in cStage-I NSCLC. METHODS Consecutive patients operated for cStage-I NSCLC were selected from a prospectively managed surgical database. Tumour location was classified as central if the lesion was visible during standard video bronchoscopy. A nodal station mapping was drawn for each patient based on final pathological examination. Univariable and additive multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Between 2007-2014, 334 patients underwent anatomical resection for cStage-I NSCLC, either by open thoracotomy (n = 158) or by VATS (n = 176; conversion rate 1.7%). All patients underwent imaging with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computer tomography. Invasive mediastinal staging was performed in 24.6% of patients. There were more central tumours in the open group (24.1%, n = 38) compared with the VATS group (4.5%, n = 8). There was no significant difference between the number (mean ± standard deviation) of nodal stations examined (open 5 ± 1.9 vs VATS 5 ± 1.7, P = 0.99). Pathological nodal upstaging was found in 15.9% (n = 53) of cStage-I patients. Nodal pN1 and pN2 upstaging were 13.3 and 8.2%, respectively, for the open group, and 6.3 and 4.5%, respectively, for the VATS group. In 32.6% (n = 15/46) of patients with a central cStage-I tumour pN1, upstaging was found. A binary logistic regression model (including tumour location, technique, tumour size, gender and histology) showed that only tumour location had a significant impact on pN1 upstaging [peripheral versus central; odds ratio (OR) 5.07 (confidence interval, CI: 1.89-13.60), P = 0.001], while surgical technique had no significant impact [VATS versus open; OR 0.74 (CI: 0.31-1.78), P = 0.50]. CONCLUSIONS The number of lymph node stations examined during VATS resections is similar to open resections for cStage-I NSCLC. Almost one-third of the patients with a central cStage-I NSCLC were upstaged to pN1. Tumour location was the only independent variable for pN1 upstaging in logistic regression analysis. It is a potential bias in retrospective studies and should therefore be accounted for when comparing different surgical resection techniques for cStage-I NSCLC.