Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A HIGH-DISPERSION MOLECULAR GAS COMPONENT IN NEARBY GALAXIES

We present a comprehensive study of the velocity dispersion of the atomic (H i) and molecular (H2) gas components in the disks (R ≲ R25) of a sample of 12 nearby spiral galaxies with moderate inclinations. Our analysis is based on sensitive high-resolution data from the THINGS (atomic gas) and HERACLES (molecular gas) surveys. To obtain reliable measurements of the velocity dispersion, we stack regions several kiloparsecs in size, after accounting for intrinsic velocity shifts due to galactic rotation and large-scale motions. We stack using various parameters: the galactocentric distance, star formation rate surface density, H i surface density, H2 surface density, and total gas surface density. We fit single Gaussian components to the stacked spectra and measure median velocity dispersions for H i of 11.9 ± 3.1 km s−1 and for CO of 12.0 ± 3.9 km s−1. The CO velocity dispersions are thus, surprisingly, very similar to the corresponding ones of H i, with an average ratio of σH i/σCO= 1.0 ± 0.2 irrespective of the stacking parameter. The measured CO velocity dispersions are significantly higher (factor of ∼2) than the traditional picture of a cold molecular gas disk associated with star formation. The high dispersion implies an additional thick molecular gas disk (possibly as thick as the H i disk). Our finding is in agreement with recent sensitive measurements in individual edge-on and face-on galaxies and points toward the general existence of a thick disk of molecular gas, in addition to the well-known thin disk in nearby spiral galaxies.
A clinical and immunological study of Netherton's syndrome

Netherton's syndrome is a rare genodermatosis of unknown cause, which is classified as an ichthyosiform syndrome. A clinical and immunological study of seven patients with Netherton's syndrome illustrates the clinical spectrum of this disorder, the frequent association with atopy, and the absence of consistent immunological abnormalities. Failure to thrive in infancy was a feature in six of the seven patients, and was considered to be life‐threatening in three. The skin disease evolved into ichthyosis linearis circumflexa in four of the seven, and the remaining three patients suffered from persistent or recurrent ichthyosiform erythroderma.
The architecture of speech production and the role of the phoneme in speech processing

Speech production has been studied within a number of traditions including linguistics, psycholinguistics, motor control, neuropsychology and neuroscience. These traditions have had limited interaction, ostensibly because they target different levels of speech production or different dimensions such as representation, processing or implementation. However, closer examination of reveals a substantial convergence of ideas across the traditions and recent proposals have suggested that an integrated approach may help move the field forward. The present article reviews one such attempt at integration, the state feedback control (SFC) model and its descendent, the hierarchical SFC model. Also considered is how phoneme-level representations might fit in the context of the model.
Thrombin‐stimulated proliferation is mediated by endothelin‐1 in cultured rat gingival fibroblasts

Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) appears to be involved in drug‐induced proliferation of gingival fibroblasts. Thrombin induces proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts via protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR1). In this study, using cultured rat gingival fibroblasts, we investigated whether thrombin‐induced proliferation of gingival fibroblasts is mediated by ET‐1. Thrombin‐induced proliferation (0.05–2.5 U/mL). Proliferation was also induced by a PAR1‐specific agonist (TFLLR‐NH2, 0.1–30 μm), but not by a PAR2‐specific agonist (SLIGRL‐NH2). Thrombin (2.5 U/mL) induced an increase in immunoreactive ET‐1 expression, which was inhibited by cycloheximide (10 μg/mL), and an increase in preproET‐1 mRNA expression, as assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. TFLLR‐NH2 increased ET‐1 release into the culture medium in both a concentration (0.01–10 μm)‐ and time (6–24 h)‐dependent manner, as assessed by solid phase sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The thrombin (2.5 U/mL)‐induced proliferation was inhibited by a PAR1‐selective inhibitor, SCH79797 (0.1 μm) and an ETA antagonist, BQ‐123 (1 μm), but not by an ETB antagonist, BQ‐788 (1 μm). These findings suggest that thrombin, acting via PAR1, induced proliferation of cultured rat gingival fibroblasts that was mediated by ET‐1 acting via ETA.
Cardiac remodeling in response to chronic iron deficiency: role of the erythropoietin receptor

Objective: Anemia is a common comorbidity of patients with heart failure, and iron deficiency is known as one of the causes of anemia in heart failure. Recent studies have shown that iron deficiency alone, without overt anemia, is associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure. Thus, to minimize the mortality in patients with heart failure, it is important to understand the link between iron deficiency and cardiac function. Chronic untreated iron deficiency results in cardiac remodeling, and we have previously reported that erythropoietin (Epo) and cardiac Epo receptor (EpoR) signaling may be associated with its remodeling. However, the link between EpoR signaling and its remodeling remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the role of EpoR signaling on cardiac remodeling in response to chronic iron deficiency. Methods: Wild-type mice and transgene-rescued EpoR-null mutant mice, which express EpoR only in the hematopoietic lineage (EpoR−/−-restricted mice), were fed with either a normal or an iron-restricted diet, and the molecular mechanisms were investigated. Results: Dietary iron restriction gradually induced anemia, Epo secretion, and cardiac hypertrophy in wild-type mice. In contrast, EpoR−/−-restricted mice fed with an iron-restricted diet exhibited anemia, left ventricular dilatation, and cardiac dysfunction compared with wild-type mice. Interestingly, altered cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis was observed in EpoR−/−-restricted mice following iron deficiency. Moreover, cardiac p53 expression was increased in EpoR−/−-restricted mice compared with wild-type mice following iron deficiency. Conclusion: These data indicate that EpoR signaling is associated with cardiac remodeling following chronic iron deficiency.
Children in planned lesbian families: Stigmatisation, psychological adjustment and protective factors

The study assessed the extent to which children between eight and 12 years old in planned lesbian families in the Netherlands experience stigmatization, as well as the influence of protective factors (relationship with parents, social acceptance by peers, contact with children from other families headed by lesbian mothers or gay fathers) on their psychological adjustment (conduct problems, emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, self‐esteem). Data were collected by questionnaires filled out by the mothers and by the children themselves. The children in the sample generally reported low levels of stigmatization. However, boys more often reported that, in their view, they were excluded by peers because of their non‐traditional family situation. Girls more often reported that other children gossiped about the fact that they had two lesbian mothers. Higher levels of stigmatization were associated with more hyperactivity for boys and lower self‐esteem for girls. Having frequent contact with other children who have a lesbian mother or gay father protects against the negative influence of stigmatization on self‐esteem. Findings support the idea that children in planned lesbian families benefit from the experience of meeting other children from similar families.
Fast visualization, manipulation, and analysis of binary volumetric objects

A set of algorithms for interactive visualization, manipulation, and measurement of large 3-D objects on general-purpose workstations is described. They are based on a method of representing digital structures called a semiboundary. This data structure stores boundary and interior information. The use of these algorithms for visualizing medical data is addressed. Examples of their use are given. <<ETX>>
Tidally Controlled Stick-Slip Discharge of a West Antarctic Ice

A major West Antarctic ice stream discharges by sudden and brief periods of very rapid motion paced by oceanic tidal oscillations of about 1 meter. Acceleration to speeds greater than 1 meter per hour and deceleration back to a stationary state occur in minutes or less. Slip propagates at approximately 88 meters per second, suggestive of a shear wave traveling within the subglacial till. A model of an episodically slipping friction-locked fault reproduces the observed quasi-periodic event timing, demonstrating an ice stream's ability to change speed rapidly and its extreme sensitivity to subglacial conditions and variations in sea level.
Beyond the Credibility of Electronic Word of Mouth: Exploring eWOM Adoption on Social Networking Sites from Affective and Curiosity Perspectives

Social networking sites (SNSs) are one of the Web 2.0's most utilized services, and the influential force of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on SNSs deserves our unequivocal attention. This study aims to explore how users of SNSs adopt information embedded in eWOM reviews shared by other users. Using the stimulus-organism-response model and affect-as-information theory, we devised and tested a theoretical framework linking both a cognitive path and an affective path to approach eWOM adoption on SNSs. Two curiosity constructs—informational deprivation epistemic curiosity (D-EC) and interest-type epistemic curiosity (I-EC)—are regarded as moderators of the cognitive path and the affective path, respectively. Data collected from 445 respondents support all of our hypotheses. The results show that beyond the conventional cognitive path (cognitive stimuli and the credibility of eWOM), the affective path (affective stimuli and arousal) can also contribute to eWOM adoption. We also find that SNS users focus on different stimuli of SNSs, depending on their levels of D-EC and I-EC. Our findings provide new perspectives to SNS designers and users on how to manage eWOM reviews on SNSs.
Assessing sources and impacts of priority PPCP compounds in urban receiving waters

The principal sources and pathways of pharmaceutical and personal product (PPCP) compounds within an urban drainage system are identified with combined sewer discharges from households and infiltration from landfill/land sludge applications constituting major routeways. Illicit connections, sewer exfiltration and reclaimed domestic wastewaters comprise potentially significant other contaminant sources. Dilution ratios during wet weather events provide reasonable safety factors although seasonal and climate change effects can exacerbate PPCP impacts on receiving waterbodies. DWF dilution patterns for a sewage treatment works in N London are described together with exfiltration impacts from a trunk sewer. The study stresses the ubiquity of PPCP compounds in the urban aquatic environment and the difficulties of predicting cause-effect relations for the typical pollution “cocktail” associated with urban runoff discharges.
Sources of the spatial code within the hippocampus

Neurons in the hippocampus are thought to provide information on an animal's location within its environment. Input to the hippocampus comes via afferents from the entorhinal cortex, which are separated into several major pathways serving different hippocampal regions. Recent studies show the significance of individual afferent pathways in location perception, enhancing our understanding of hippocampal function.
The role of decision criterion in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false recognition memory: False memory falls and rises as a function of restriction on criterion setting

How much of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false memory is attributable to decision criterion is so far a controversial issue. Previous studies typically used explicit warnings against accepting the critical lure to investigate this issue. The assumption is that if the false memory results from using a liberally biased criterion, it should be greatly reduced or eliminated by an explicit warning against accepting the critical lure. Results showed that warning was generally ineffective. We asked the question of whether subjects can substantially reduce false recognition without being warned when the test forces them to make a distinction between true and false memories. Using a two-alternative forced choice in which criterion plays a relatively smaller role, we showed that subjects could indeed greatly reduce the rate of false recognition. However, when the forced-choice restriction was removed from the two-item choice test, the rate of false recognition rebounded to that of the hit for studied list words, indicating the role of criterion in false recognition.
Identification and Functional Assessment of Age-Dependent Truncations to Cx46 and Cx50 in the Human Lens

Purpose Many proteins in the lens undergo extensive posttranslational modifications (PTMs) with age, leading to alterations in their function. The extent to which lens gap junction proteins, Cx46 and Cx50, accumulate PTMs with aging is not known. In this study, we identified truncations in Cx46 and Cx50 in the human lens using mass spectrometry. We also examined the effect of truncations on channel function using electrophysiological measurements. Methods Human lenses were dissected into cortex, outer nucleus, and nucleus regions, and fiber cell membranes were subjected to trypsin digestion. Tryptic peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS). Effects of truncations on channel conductance, permeability, and gating were assessed in transfected cells. Results Cleavage sites were identified in the C-terminus, the cytoplasmic loop, and the N-terminus of Cx46 and Cx50. Levels of C-terminal truncations, which were found at residues 238 to 251 in Cx46 and at residues 238 to 253 and 274 to 284 in Cx50, were similar in different lens regions. In contrast, levels of truncations in cytoplasmic loop and N-terminal domains of Cx46 and Cx50 increased dramatically from outer cortex to nucleus. Most of the C-terminally truncated proteins were functional, whereas truncations in the cytoplasmic loop did not result in the formation of functional channels. Conclusions Accumulation of cytoplasmic loop and N-terminal truncations in the core might lead to decreases in coupling with age. This reduction is expected to lead to an increase in intracellular calcium and a decrease in levels of glutathione in the nucleus. These changes may ultimately lead to age-related nuclear cataracts.
Using data mining technology to provide a recommendation service in the digital library

Purpose – Since library storage has been increasing day by day, it is difficult for readers to find the books which interest them as well as representative booklists. How to utilize meaningful information effectively to improve the service quality of the digital library appears to be very important. The purpose of this paper is to provide a recommendation system architecture to promote digital library services in electronic libraries.Design/methodology/approach – In the proposed architecture, a two‐phase data mining process used by association rule and clustering methods is designed to generate a recommendation system. The process considers not only the relationship of a cluster of users but also the associations among the information accessed.Findings – The process considered not only the relationship of a cluster of users but also the associations among the information accessed. With the advanced filter, the recommendation supported by the proposed system architecture would be closely served to meet use.
Roles of LcrG and LcrV during Type III Targeting of Effector Yops by Yersinia enterocolitica

ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica target effector Yop proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells by a mechanism requiring the type III machinery. LcrG and LcrV have been suggested to fulfill essential functions during the type III targeting of effector Yops. It is reported here that knockout mutations of lcrG caused mutant yersiniae to prematurely secrete Yops into the extracellular medium without abolishing the type III targeting mechanism (Los phenotype [loss of type III targeting specificity]). Knockout mutations inlcrV reduced type III targeting of mutant yersiniae but did not promote secretion into the extracellular medium (Not [no type III targeting]). However, knockout mutations in both genes caused ΔlcrGV yersiniae to display a Los phenotype similar to that of strains carrying knockout mutations in lcrG alone. LcrG binding to LcrV resulted in the formation of soluble LcrGV complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm. Membrane-associated, bacterial-surface-displayed or -secreted LcrG could not be detected. Most of LcrV was located in the bacterial cytoplasm; however, small amounts were secreted into the extracellular medium. These data support a model whereby LcrG may act as a negative regulator of type III targeting in the bacterial cytoplasm, an activity that is modulated by LcrG binding to LcrV. No support could be gathered for the hypothesis whereby LcrG and LcrV may act as a bacterial surface receptor for host cells, allowing effector Yop translocation across the eukaryotic plasma membrane.
Medical student beliefs: spirituality's relationship to health and place in the medical school curriculum

The relationship between spirituality and health is receiving increased attention; consequently medical schools have begun asking how and in what manner these issues should be addressed in medical education. Unfortunately, student beliefs concerning spirituality and health have not been adequately assessed. This study examined medical student beliefs regarding the relationship between spirituality and health and the level of instruction spirituality should receive in the curriculum. Questionnaire results from 254 medical students indicated that religiousness and spirituality are important, with spirituality more important than religiousness. Spiritual practices were seen as more helpful for acute and mental health conditions than for chronic or terminal conditions and believed to be more helpful for coping with a health condition than healing tissue. Students believed that patients could benefit from spiritual practices more than they could for their own health conditions. Most students endorsed a lecture or one- to two-week seminar with instruction in the first or second year of medical school. Student spirituality was the only predictor of required level of instruction in the medical school curriculum. Practice points•Students from a Catholic medical school believe spirituality is a more important factor for health than religion. •Students from a Catholic medical school believe spirituality is most helpful for acute and mental illnesses. •Students from a Catholic medical school believe spirituality is helpful for coping with illness but not for healing tissue. •Students from a Catholic medical school endorse a lecture or one- to two-week week seminar on spirituality and health rather than a full course. •Students from a Catholic medical school prefer that spirituality and health issues be addressed in the first or second years of medical school.
Clinical and laboratory parameters associated with eclampsia in Thai pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE Determine the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of eclampsia in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHOD The authors conducted a case-control study of 80 Thai pregnant women with eclampsia and 240 controls with mild preeclampsia who delivered at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand between 1995 and 2011. Information was abstracted on established and hypothesized risk factors for eclampsia documented in the medical records. RESULTS The risk factors that were significantly associated with eclampsia compared to mild preeclampsia after using multivariate logistic regression analysis were maternal age < 20 years [adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7 to 14), antenatal care (ANC) < 4 visits (aOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.1), deep tendon reflex (DTR) > or = 3+ (aOR 15.1, 95% CI 15.3 to 42.7), serum uric acid > or = 6 mg/dL (aOR 8.3, 95% CI 13.5 to 19.8), serum creatinine > or = 0.9 mg/dL (aOR 18, 95% CI 4.8 to 67.5), and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) > or = 44 IU/L (aOR 15.9, 95% CI 5.6 to 45.3). CONCLUSION The risk factors of the development of eclampsia compared to mild preeclampsia are maternal age < 20 years, ANC < 4 visits, DTR > or = 3+, serum uric acid > or = 6 mg/dL, serum creatinine > or = 0.9 mg/dL, and serum SGOT > or = 44 IU/L. This information may be useful for obstetricians to predict which mild preeclamptic patients are at great risk for eclampsia and to consider administration of magnesium sulfate to prevent convulsion in these patients.
Dose reduction options by monochromatic X-rays

Dose reduction in X-ray based medical diagnostics is essentially important in screening applications such as mammography where a large number of potentially healthy people are exposed to ionizing radiation. Several novel concepts of compact X-ray sources with a very narrow (quasimonochromatic) spectral bandwidth are under development, and their use in diagnostic systems of the future may have strong impact on the patient dose. The study presented here is based on simulations and predicts a significant dose reduction achievable in a mammography-Iike scenario.
Clinical Significance of Complement Deficiencies

The complement system is composed of more than 30 serum and membrane‐bound proteins, all of which are needed for normal function of complement in innate and adaptive immunity. Historically, deficiencies within the complement system have been suspected when young children have had recurrent and difficult‐to‐control infections. As our understanding of the complement system has increased, many other diseases have been attributed to deficiencies within the complement system. Generally, complement deficiencies within the classical pathway lead to increased susceptibility to encapsulated bacterial infections as well as a syndrome resembling systemic lupus erythematosus. Complement deficiencies within the mannose‐binding lectin pathway generally lead to increased bacterial infections, and deficiencies within the alternative pathway usually lead to an increased frequency of Neisseria infections. However, factor H deficiency can lead to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Finally, deficiencies within the terminal complement pathway lead to an increased incidence of Neisseria infections. Two other notable complement‐associated deficiencies are complement receptor 3 and 4 deficiency, which result from a deficiency of CD18, a disease known as leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, and CD59 deficiency, which causes paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Most inherited deficiencies of the complement system are autosomal recessive, but properidin deficiency is X‐linked recessive, deficiency of C1 inhibitor is autosomal dominant, and mannose‐binding lectin and factor I deficiencies are autosomal co‐dominant. The diversity of clinical manifestations of complement deficiencies reflects the complexity of the complement system.