Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Prior Knowledge in Learning From Analogies in Science Texts

Two experiments examined whether inconsistent effects of analogies in promoting new content learning from text are related to prior knowledge of the analogy per se. In Experiment 1, college students who demonstrated little understanding of weather systems and different levels of prior knowledge (more vs. less) of an analogous everyday situation read a text about weather systems that included the analogy or a control version that did not. Results indicated that those with more prior knowledge of the analogy performed better on weather system learning measures (sentence verification and number of concepts in essays). Prior knowledge of the analogous domain interacted with presence of the analogy in the text on 1 learning measure: Those with more prior knowledge who read the analogy text had fewer misconceptions in their conceptual models of weather than those who read the control text. Think-aloud protocols collected in Experiment 2 suggested that analogies in the text constrained prior knowledge activation and processing of the weather system content. Whereas previous research has shown that prior knowledge of a to-be-learned target domain positively impacts learning, this research elaborates this effect by showing that prior knowledge of an analogically related domain positively impacts target domain learning.
Developing Molecular Biomarkers for Cancer

For decades, biologists have sought to develop noninvasive tests for detecting cancer. In a Perspective, [Ransohoff][1] discusses new work that could be applied to developing a noninvasive test for detecting colorectal cancer ([ Cui et al .][2]). [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/299/5613/1679 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/299/5613/1753
Biochemical and physiological mechanisms of creatine kinase release from avian skeletal muscle during acute stress

Marked changes in the plasma activities of the intracellular enzyme creatine kinase (CK) have been observed in broiler chickens subjected to a range of stressful stimuli. Using a novel anion exchange chromatography technique to separate the various CK isoenzymes, it was demonstrated that the skeletal muscle form of CK (MM-CK) was predominant in plasma (96.8%) and that its activity increased 65.4% (p<0.05) in response to an episode of acute heat stress (2 h, 32°C/80% relative humidity). An investigation of mechanisms that might mediate the release of CK from this tissue was undertaken using a novel validated isolated in vitro chicken skeletal muscle preparation (m. tensor patigialis) and incubation system. CK loss from the muscle preparation under optimised control incubation conditions (150 min at 41.5°C, pH 7.4) was negligible, constituting less than 0.3% of total muscle CK content. Incubation at 45°C had no effect on the rate of CK loss above that observed under control conditions. Incubation under conditions of reduced O2 availability (anoxia) was without effect on CK loss from the preparation. Limiting ATP availability by impairing muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism induced a 4-fold increase (p<0.05) in the rate of loss of CK. Promoting external ionic calcium (Ca2+) entry into the muscle cells using 4 Br-A23187 calcium ionophore (25|iM) caused a 60-fold increase (p<0.001) in the release rate of CK. Incubation with the ionophore induced a significant increase in Ca2 + accumulation (79.7%; p<0.05) as measured by the uptake of radiolabelled 45calcium and was associated with a 8.6-fold greater total loss of CK. The results suggest that the entry of external Ca2+ into muscles represents an important initial event in the development of muscle membrane damage and subsequent CK loss. It is proposed that CK loss occurs as a consequence of Ca2+ mediated alterations in muscle cell membrane permeability, possibly caused by Ca2 + -activated phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In support of this suggestion, incubation with 25 (iM Ro-31-4493/001 (an inhibitor of PLA2 activity) significantly decreased CK loss by 44.6% (p<0.05) in muscle incubated with 4BrA23187 (5 |nM). The role of elevated external sodium (Na+) entry into skeletal muscle was investigated as a potential mechanism for mediating trans-membrane changes in Ca2+ flux in vivo. Concentration-dependent
Low power synthesis of sum-of-products computation

Novel techniques for the power efficient synthesis of sum-of-product computations are presented. Simple and efficient heuristics for scheduling and assignment are described. Different partly static cost functions are proposed to drive the synthesis tasks. The proposed cost functions target the power consumption either in the buses connecting the functional units with the storage elements or inside the functional units. The partly static nature of the proposed cost functions reduces the time of the synthesis procedure. Experimental results from different relevant digital signal processing algorithmic kernels prove that the proposed synthesis techniques lead to significant power savings.
Single Arm, Multi-Center, Phase II Study Of Clofarabine In Chinese Pediatric Patients With Refractory Or Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background Clofarabine is a second generation purine nucleoside which inhibits DNA polymerase alpha and ribonucleotide reductase, leading to the depletion of intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools, disruption of mitochondrial function and apoptosis. A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of clofarabine in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in China. Method Patients aged 1-21 years with histologically confirmed, relapsed and/or refractory ALL were eligible. Clofarabine was administered intravenously for 5 days at 52 mg/m2/d during induction and consolidation. The primary end point was overall remission rate (ORR; complete remission [CR] plus CR with incomplete counts [CRi]). Blood samples were obtained from patients who agreed to blood drawing for pharmacokinetic determinations. Results A total of 44 patients were treated in this study, in which 43 were evaluable for response. The median age was 13 years (range: 5 to 22 years), and the majority were B cell-ALL (75%, 33/44). The overall remission rate was 44.2% (19/43), including two complete remissions (CR), and 17 CRis. 39 patients had progressive disease at cut-off time, the overall median remission duration was 2.9 months, and the median remission duration was 3.4 months for patients achieved CR or CRi. Seven CR/CRi patients had chance to got HSCT after clofarabine treatment. Subgroup analysis showed that patients younger than 14 years and with B cell-ALL had a higher ORR than patients older than 14 years and with T cell-ALL, and the difference were statistically significant (age < 14 years vs. age ≥14 years: 60.9% vs. 25%, p =0.0308; B cell-ALL vs. T cell-ALL: 57.6% vs. 0, p=0.002). The most common (≥10%) adverse reactions (ADR) were hematological toxicity, gastrointestinal reaction, and abnormal liver function, and the most common grade 3/4 non-hematologic ADRs was ALT elevation (13.6%). PK analysis demonstrated that after multiple administrations the mean elimination half-life of clofarabine was 6.43 h, and the Tmax was around 2 h. The mean Cmax and exposure to clofarabine over the dosing period (AUC 0-24) achieved 581 ug/L and 2602.56 ug/L, respectively. It seems that there is no significant difference of PK profiles between Chinese and Caucasian patients. Conclusion Single clofarabine treatment is effective in Chinese pediatric patients with multiple relapsed or refractory ALL with acceptable safety profiles. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Genetic sex:'A symbolic struggle against reality?'

Genetic sex -the apparent fundamental biological cause of the two male and female human varietiesis a 20th century construct. Looking down the microscope, the stained chromosomes are concrete countable entities and lend themselves easily to genetic determinism. As the chromosome composition of a person is generally fixed at the time of conception, when a Yor X-bearing sperm is united with the X-bearing egg, a person’s genetic sex is taken as permanent and unchanging throughout their life. Drawing upon gender theory as well as science and technology studies this thesis explores how our particular construction of the concept of ‘genetic sex’ relies on four features of biological sex (binary, fixed, spanning nature, and found throughout the body) and in addition proposes one unique feature, inheritance. The empirical research is based on an analysis of popular science books as well as two case studies of how genes relate to sex determination and development. The analysis of the metaphors used in these books and journal articles reveals how now, with genomic efforts to explore gene expression profiles, there is a shift away from seeing genes as having ‘responsibilities’ for determining phenotypes towards seeing them play a role along with other genes in genetic cascades where other factors such as timing can be incorporated. The analysis of genomic features such as imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation also provide evidence that such a change should be recognised. Rather than seeing sex in terms of fixed and static differences and similarities, current research offers new ways of conceptualising similarities and differences as dynamic and responsive to environment. This supports wider understandings of ‘biology’ as relying on the interactions between genetic processes, cellular environment, and tissue environment – in which the social physicality of bodies is important in forming and maintaining a person’s biology and genetic processes. Yet as the historical analysis of the shift between the one sex to two sex model indicates, it remains to be seen whether the social sphere will respond by incorporating this new evidence into the tacit, everyday understandings of sex or seek to maintain the binary and fixed relationship(s) between men and women by governing them as males and females.
The Economic Gains from Predicting Returns of Multiple Assets

This paper determines the economic gains from predicting the returns of multiple assets. I set up a scenario where active investors receive timing or selectivity signals, and compute the economic gains they generate. The results reveal that investors with selectivity skills take more aggressive portfolio decisions, and, therefore, produce significantly larger gains. When predictive signals are persistent, the impact on short-term performance can be positive, in contrast to the single-asset case. In the long-run, however, this impact is always negative. Finally, moderate levels of estimation risk and trading costs -- when considered jointly -- greatly decrease performance. It implies that small levels of predictability do not necessarily produce large economic gains, as previously documented.
ANALISIS BAHASA DIALEK VULGAR DAN SLANG PADA PENULISAN STATUS FACEBOOK SISWA SMA YANG BERGABUNG DENGAN FACEBOOK ANITA SETIARSIH

Judul penelitian ini adalah Analisis Bahasa Dialek, Vulgar, dan Slang pada Penulisan Status Facebook Siswa SMA yang Bergabung dengan Facebook Anita Setiarsih. Rumusan Masalah 1) Bagaimana bahasa dialek pada penulisan status Facebook siswa SMA yang bergabung dengan Facebook Anita Setiarsih? 2) Bagaimana bahasa vulgar pada penulisan status Facebook siswa SMA yang bergabung dengan Facebook Anita Setiarsih? 3) Bagaimana bahasa slang pada penulisan status Facebook siswa SMA yang bergabung dengan Facebook Anita Setiarsih? Metode : metode deskriptif kulitatif. Simpulan : 1) penggunaan bahasa dialek pada penulisan status facebook siswa SMA, dalam penggunaan bahasa dialeknya, dialek yang digunakan adalah dialek Sunda, dimana dialek yang digunakan disesuaikan dengan tempat tinggal pemilik akun Facebook. Dialek-dialek yang digunakan pada setiap pemilik akun Facebok hampir sama, yang membedakan hanyalah dari bentuk kata yang berbeda tetapi memiliki makna yang sama seperti pada kata aing - uing, bae - wae, oge - keding, we - weh, boga - gaduh, miluan - iluan, siga - jiga, perbedaan ini disesuaikan dengan dialek masing- masing tempat tinggal pemilik akun Facebook, selain itu ada pula kata mah, asa, da, bae ah, atuh, pan, aih, dan sebagainya. 2) penggunaan bahasa vulgar pada penulisan status facebook siswa SMA, dalam penggunaan bahasa vulgarnya, pilihan kata yang digunakan cenderung lebih bersifat kasar dan tidak sopan, dan lebih banyak menggunakan nama binatang seperti anjing, dan monyet. Selain itu, ada pula dengan menggunakan kata iblis, setan, goblok, tai dan najis. Kata ini digunakan oleh pemilik akun Facebook, bukan berarti mereka tidak terpelajar, tetapi kata ini digunakan sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengekspresikan kemarahannya. 3) penggunaan bahasa slang pada penulisan status Facebook siswa SMA, dalam status Facebooknya bahasa slang yang digunakan banyak dalam bentuk singkatan, seperti : LDR ( Longdistance Relation Ship), BM ( Blackberry Messenger), DC (Delete Contact), FB (Facebook), OTW (On The Way), GWS (Get Well soon), selain dalam bentuk singkatan adapula dengan menggunakan angka 2 di belakangnya seperti: mudah2n, lebih2, serta dalam bahasa slang lainnya yaitu : gw, gua, gue, lo, lu, luh, pengent, binggow, brohh, dolo, tidor, ngape-ngape, delcont dan sebagainnya. Kata kunci: Analisis, bahasa dialek, vulgar, slang, Facebook, siswa SMA
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus in people with learning disabilities

risk than other learning disability groups. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (Hbs Ag) in Great Britain is in the order of 1 in 500 of the blood donor adult population (Depart ment of Health, 1980). This rate is lower than those reported from countries in Europe, Africa and Asia. The present study was to identify those residents in an institution for people with a learning disability with a positive response to the test for Hbs Ag.
Computational Methods for Parameter Estimation in Nonlinear Models

Author(s): Toth, Bryan Andrew | Advisor(s): Abarbanel, Henry D. I. | Abstract: This dissertation expands on existing work to develop a dynamical state and parameter estimation methodology in non-linear systems. The field of parameter and state estimation, also known as inverse problem theory, is a mature discipline concerned with determining unmeasured states and parameters in experimental systems. This is important since measurement of some of the parameters and states may not be possible, yet knowledge of these unmeasured quantities is necessary for predictions of the future state of the system. This field has importance across a broad range of scientific disciplines, including geosciences, biosciences, nanoscience, and many others. The work presented here describes a state and parameter estimation method that relies on the idea of synchronization of nonlinear systems to control the conditional Lyapunov exponents of the model system. This method is generalized to address any dynamic system that can be described by a set of ordinary first-order differential equations. The Python programming language is used to develop scripts that take a simple text-file representation of the model vector field and output correctly formatted files for use with readily available optimization software. With the use of these Python scripts, examples of the dynamic state and parameter estimation method are shown for a range of neurobiological models, ranging from simple to highly complicated, using simulated data. In this way, the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology are explored, in order to expand the applicability to complex experimental systems.
Inflammatory biomarkers and their correlates among hypertensive population in two tertiary hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria

Several cross-sectional studies suggest that inflammation may be involved in the development of hypertension. The objective of the study was to examined inflammatory biomarkers — C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma fibrinogen and their correlates among hypertensive population in two tertiary hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 316 hypertensive patients aged 25 to 76 years and 158 age- and sex- matched apparently healthy normotensive subjects seen in the Medical and Out Patient Departments of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria were included in the study between July and December, 2016. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were done using standard techniques. Serum CRP and plasma fibrinogen concentrations were estimated by ELISA and assay kit respectively. The results showed that, CRP, fibrinogen, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly (p˂0.001) higher in hypertensive subjects than normotensive subjects. Significant positive correlations were established between BMI and each of CRP and fibrinogen in hypertensive patients. In conclusion, the results in the current study demonstrates that serum CRP and plasma fibrinogen levels are elevated in hypertensive subjects and positively correlated with BMI. Thus routine measurement of serum CRP and plasma fibrinogen can be a potential tool for early identification of individuals at the risk for development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Keywords : Hypertension, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, Sokoto.
Stroke Patient Outcomes

In the era of managed care and cost containment, inpatient facilities are challenged to reduce length of stay (LOS) while maintaining positive outcomes for patients. This study tested the impact of an integrated delivery model of care for stroke patients at a free-standing rehabilitation hospital in Honolulu. Data from 1,239 stroke patients treated from April 1994 through March 1998 were analyzed to explore the relative effects of change in care and patient characteristics on LOS and functional gain. Results suggest that good patient outcomes were maintained while LOS decreased over the 4 years.
Salience and Assignment of Blame to Victims

The effects of salience (conspicuousness) of victim and situation, perspective of respondent, and sex of subject on attributions of responsibility for a robbery were examined utilizing 78 male and 107 female undergraduates. Greater blame was attributed to the victim and the victim's behavior when the salience of the victim was high than when it was low. High salience of the situation decreased attributions of responsibility to the victim's behavior. Subjects attributed relatively greater blame to the victim when responding in terms of others' rather than their own attributions. Implications regarding measures of attribution and effects of newspaper accounts of crimes were discussed.
Pharmacogenetics and the serotonin transporter in late-life depression

Background: The etiologies of variable antidepressant response remain elusive. Aging and age-related illness add to the complexity and heterogeneity of late-life depression. The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is the principal site of initial action for several antidepressants, including serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is the most widely studied polymorphism of the 5-HTT gene, SLC6A4, and is suspected of conferring vulnerability to elderly depression and resistance to treatment. Objective: To present an up-to-date account of the influence of 5-HTT polymorphisms on elderly depression, antidepressant response and susceptibility to medication side effects. Method: A Medline™ search (1993 – 2008) of 5-HTT gene variation studies and analyses that included elderly depressed subjects was performed using the terms: ‘serotonin transporter’; ‘5-HTT’; ‘SERT’; ‘5-HTTLPR’; ‘late-life depression’; ‘elderly depression’; ‘geriatric depression’; ‘antidepressants’ and ‘SSRIs’. Reference sections were gleaned for relevant articles that may have been overlooked by the search strategy. Conclusion: 5-HTTLPR may influence treatment response variability in late-life depression in a number of ways. Indirectly, 5-HTTLPR seems to influence the likelihood of adverse effects and non-adherence. Directly, the promoter region may contribute to response variability during the initial stages of treatment, which is explained, in part, by a gene-concentration interaction for paroxetine. Subjects with the S allele may be at an increased risk of adverse drug reactions and may require higher initial SSRI plasma concentrations to maximize response. Conversely, patients with the L/L genotype may respond even at lower concentrations.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM TALEGHANI HOSPITAL, GORGAN-IRAN

Background & Objective: in recent years antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increased as a causetive factor in hospital contamination. This study was done to determine the prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from inanimate objects in Taleghani hospital. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was done on inanimate objects in different wards of Taleghani hospital during 2006. Sampling was performed by sterile gauze pad for dry surfaces and swab for wet surfaces. To differentiate and identify P.aeruginosa, various culture media such as Brain Heart Infusion Agar, Citrimide Agar and Triple Sugar Iron Agar were used. Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains was determined by Kirby-Bauer Method using Muller-hinton Agar medium. Moreover, antiseptic sensitivity of the strains to Decosept and Povidone-Iodine as the main antiseptic agents was identified by determining Minimal Bactericidal Concentration and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration using Nutrient Agar and Nutrient Broth media. Results: Fifty-five of the total 292 samples were positive for P.aeruginosa. Based on the ratio of the number of positive samples to the total samples, Thalassemia ward (38.5%) was the most infected ward and taps (61.1%) was the most infected sampling place. None of the samples from room atmosphere and intensive care equipments were positive for P.aeruginosa. 20% of the samples were resistant to ceftazidime and 32.7% were resistant to piperacillin, also 10.9% of samples were resistance to both ceftazidime and piperacillin. Conclusion: This study showed that contamination with P.aeruginosa and antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacteria are the main problems in Taleghani hospital.
Time to return to running after tibial stress fracture in female Division I collegiate track and field

Background: We examined the relationship between the Kaeding-Miller (K-M) stress fracture classification system with time to return to running or practice in female track and field athletes diagnosed with tibial stress fracture. Methods: All female athletes with tibial stress injuries who competed for a Division I university from 2011-2014 were identified. Their charts were reviewed retrospectively to collect demographic variables, medical history, training variables, injury history, and nutritional or dietary risk factors. The K-M classification system was used to grade all injuries and to compare the time to return to practice. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated independently with time to recovery. Results: Twenty-four tibial stress injuries were identified in 18 female track and field athletes on the same Division I collegiate team over a 3-year period. The average time to return to running was 13.7 wk (SD 5.02). Athletes with a K-M grade of V had an average time to return to running of 17 wk compared with 11.7 and 13.7 in Grade II and III, respectively. This difference did not reach significance (P=0.534), but there was a positive relationship between K-M grade and time to recovery (coefficient=0.785). There was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and time to return to sport (P=0.767), but there was an inverse relationship between BMI and time to clinical healing (coefficient=−0.191). Conclusions: Data suggest that higher K-M grade injuries correlate with longer time to recovery, but larger studies are needed to determine if this relationship is significant.