Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Phatic Function and the Socializing Element of Personal Blogs

The phatic function of communication is a vital element of any conversation. This research paper looks into this function with respect to personal blogs maintained by Indian bloggers. This paper is a study into the phenomenon of phatic communication maintained by bloggers through their blogs. Based on a linguistic analysis of the posts of twenty eight Indian bloggers, writing in English, studied over a period of three years, the study indicates that though the blogging phenomenon is not conversational in the same manner as face-to-face communication, it does make ample provision for feedback that is conversational in nature. Ordinary day to day offline conversations use conventionalized phatic utterances; those on the social media are in a perpetual mode of innovation and experimentation in order to sustain contact with its readers. These innovative methods and means are the focus of this study. Though the personal blogger aims to chronicle his/her personal life through the blog, the socializing function is crucial to these bloggers. In comparison to the western personal blogs which focus on the presentation of the ‘bounded individual self’, we find Indian personal bloggers engage in the presentation of their ‘social selves’. These bloggers yearn to reach out to the readers on the internet and the phatic function serves to initiate, sustain and renew social ties on the blogosphere thereby consolidating the social network of readers and bloggers. Keywords—Personal blogs, phatic, social-selves, blog readers.
Measuring the Information Content of Stock Trades

This paper suggests that the interactions of security trades and quote revisions be modeled as a vector autoregressive system. Within this framework, a trade's information effect may be meaningfully measured as the ultimate price impact of the trade innovation. Estimates for a sample of NYSE issues suggest a trade's full price impact arrives only with a protracted lag; the impact is a positive and concave function of the trade size; large trades cause the spread to widen; trades occurring in the face of wide spreads have larger price impacts; and information asymmetries are more significant for smaller firms. Copyright 1991 by American Finance Association.
Interplay between Social Selection and Social Influence on Physical Proximity in Friendship Formation

People form social relationships based on certain characteristics they possess, called social selecti on. When people change their social behavior due to interact ion with others, social influence is at work. Current f riend recommendation systems are mainly based on common friends and similar profile characteristics, theref ore the system may recommend unknown people. Recent advances improve the quality of friend recommendations by using shared content and interactions such as co authored papers, patents, and comments, but neglect the physical interactions to associate how you may know that person. In this paper, the interplay between social selection and social influence on physical proximit y in friendship formation is quantified in a mobile loca tionbased social network deployed in an academic conference. Encounter is used to measure and record physical proximity between user pairs, then a frien d recommendation system is built that uses these enco unters to specify the reason why this person should be add ed as a friend. The cumulative average duration and average frequency of encounters are analyzed, before and af ter sending the friend request. The results present wea k social selection and strong social influence on physical proximity in friendship formation and the reasons a re explained. This work helps to improve the design implementation of friend recommendation in physical environments.
Multicenter phase II study of iodine-131 tositumomab for chemotherapy-relapsed/refractory low-grade and transformed low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PURPOSE This multicenter phase II study evaluated the efficacy, dosimetry methodology, and safety of iodine-131 tositumomab in patients with chemotherapy-relapsed/refractory low-grade or transformed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received a dosimetric dose that consisted of 450 mg of anti-B1 antibody followed by 35 mg (5 mCi) of iodine-131 tositumomab. Serial total-body gamma counts were then obtained to calculate the patient-specific millicurie activity required to deliver the therapeutic dose. A therapeutic dose of 75 cGy total-body dose (attenuated to 65 cGy in patients with platelet counts of 101,000 to 149,000 cells/mm(3)) was given 7 to 14 days after the dosimetric dose. RESULTS Forty-five of 47 patients were treated with a single dosimetric and therapeutic dose. Twenty-seven patients (57%) had a response. The response rate was similar in patients with low-grade (57%) or transformed low-grade (60%) NHL. The median duration of response was 9.9 months. Fifteen patients (32%) achieved a complete response (CR; 10 CRs and five clinical CRs), including five patients (50%) with transformed low-grade NHL. The median duration of CR was 19.9 months, and six patients have an ongoing CR. Treatment was well tolerated, with the principal toxicity being hematologic. The most common nonhematologic toxicities that were considered to be possibly related to the treatment included mild to moderate fatigue (32%), nausea (30%), fever (26%), vomiting (15%), infection (13%), pruritus (13%), and rash (13%). Additionally, one patient developed human-antimouse antibodies. CONCLUSION Iodine-131 tositumomab produced a high overall response rate, and approximately one third of patients had a CR despite having chemotherapy-relapsed or refractory low-grade or transformed low-grade NHL.
Arcan: A Tool for Architectural Smells Detection

Code smells are sub-optimal coding circumstances such as blob classes or spaghetti code - they have received much attention and tooling in recent software engineering research. Higher-up in the abstraction level, architectural smells are problems or sub-optimal architectural patterns or other design-level characteristics. These have received significantly less attention even though they are usually considered more critical than code smells, and harder to detect, remove, and refactor. This paper describes an open-source tool called Arcan developed for the detection of architectural smells through an evaluation of several different architecture dependency issues. The detection techniques inside Arcan exploit graph database technology, allowing for high scalability in smells detection and better management of large amounts of dependencies of multiple kinds. In the scope of this paper, we focus on the evaluation of Arcan results carried out with real-life software developers to check if the architectural smells detected by Arcan are really perceived as problems and to get an overall usefulness evaluation of the tool.
Control catabólico y factores genéticos implicados en la respuesta de Pseudomonas putida KT2440 a situaciones ambientales

Pseudomonas putida mt-2 es una bacteria capaz de adaptarse a una amplia gama de condiciones ambientales. Esta caracteristica es probablemente consecuencia de su desarrollado sistema de regulacion genica. Su genoma codifica numerosas proteinas de funcion reguladora y una serie de factores sigma alternativos que permiten la expresion de diferentes conjuntos de genes bajo diferentes situaciones. Junto a esto, P. putida presenta en el cromosoma varios cientos de copias de un elemento extragenico (REP) que la caracteriza y que podria tener un papel en la expresion general de los genes cromosomicos. Ademas de la regulacion especifica de los genes que pertenecen a una misma ruta, se observa una regulacion global que coordina todas las funciones de la celula en su conjunto y que depende de una serie de parametros fisiologicos relacionados con el estado energetico de la celula. Dos de los reguladores involucrados en el control global de esta bacteria son las proteinas IIANtr y Crc (productos de los genes ptsN y crc, respectivamente). Se ha demostrado el papel de estas proteinas en la represion de los promotores dependientes de ? 54 de la ruta TOL de degradacion de tolueno codificada en el plasmido pWW0. Por otra parte, se ha observado que existe un complejo mecanismo regulando la expresion del gen que codifica al factor ? 54. Finalmente, se puede decir que los factores geneticos que participan en la respuesta de P. putida a cambios ambientales varian en funcion del estimulo desencadenante del mecanismo de adaptacion. Pseudomonas putida es un claro ejemplo de la compleja red de regulacion desplegada por muchas bacterias para adaptarse a los recursos presentes en el medio y reducir el coste energetico de su actividad.
Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of "Chapada Diamantina", Northeast Brazil

Soil islands on rocky surfaces often harbor aggregated vegetation that consists of insular plant communities. These islands are typical of the rocky outcrops and in various parts of Brazil form the so-called "campos rupestres" vegetation. Four of such sites have been selected in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, for this comparative study on floristics and vegetation structure: three areas situated inside the "Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina" (Guine, Fumaca and "Gerais da Fumaca") and one is at the border of the Environmental Protection Area of "Marimbus-Iraquara" ("Mae Inacia"). All occurring vegetation islands were studied in four random plots of 10 × 10 m per site. Soil was often shallow, sandy and acidic. Vascular plant species were determined, with respective life forms and canopy coverage areas. The total number of species when all four sites were added was 135, and the number of species per island varied from 2 to 32. The areas of the 214 soil islands varied from 0.015 to 91.9 m2, totaling 568 m2 in the four sites. Monocotyledon families were dominant, essentially Velloziaceae, as well as Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Cyperaceae. Among the eudicotyledons, dominant families were mainly Clusiaceae, Asteraceae and Melastomataceae. The biological spectra revealed that phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes predominated among the life forms, while chamaephytes had the largest coverage area. Epilithic and desiccant chamaephytes composed the most conspicuous interspecific associations, and were probably related to early successional processes. Sites closest to one another were not the most similar in structure, indicating that other factors more relevant than distance might be involved in the abundance of species in space.
Mechanisms of Hypoglycemic Activity of Ganoderan B: A Glycan of Ganoderma lucidum Fruit Bodies1

Ganoderan B increased the plasma insulin level in normal and glucose-loaded mice but elicited no effect on insulin binding to isolated adipocytes. Administration of ganoderan B elicited significant increases of the activities of hepatic glucokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, decreased the hepatic glucose-6-phosphate and glycogen synthetase activities and did not affect the activities of hexokinase and glycogen phosphorylase. Ganoderan B reduced the glycogen content in the liver but had no influence on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the plasma and liver.
Vigilance as a Function of Stimulus Variety and Response Complexity

A vigilance experiment was conducted in which subjects monitored a multistimulus source display for a 100-min period. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effects on vigilance performance of random insertion of artificial signals and complexity of required response. Several measures of task performance were analyzed: average time to detect real signals; intrasubject variability in detection time; percentage of real signals detected; number of errors made under different conditions of response complexity; and occurrence of movements extraneous to task requirements. Results indicated that the introduction of artificial signals enhanced vigilance performance by reducing the variability in detection response times and by increasing percentage of signals detected. There was no significant decrement in response times over the task session. Introduction of a complex response requirement into the task did not result in improved vigilance performance, as predicted. Results are discussed in terms of a single “construct” of vigilance and in terms of implications for applied situations.
The association of 2-year-old training milestones with career length and racing success in a sample of Thoroughbred horses in New Zealand.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is increasing evidence that exercise early in life has a positive effect on musculoskeletal health. At present, there is little whole population research investigating the effect of racing as 2-year-olds on future racing career. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between attaining training milestones as 2-year-olds with length of career and racing success in Thoroughbred horses in New Zealand. METHODS Retrospective data were obtained of the 2001/02-born Thoroughbred foal crop. The 3 training milestones were: registered with a trainer, trialled and raced. The association of the training milestones with career length was measured using the outcomes: number of race starts and number of years raced, in a Cox regression model. Logistic regression models analysed the association of the training milestones with the outcomes: won or placed in a race. Linear regression was performed to assess the association of training milestones with total career earnings. RESULTS Of 4683 horses in the population; 3152 horses were registered with a trainer, 2661 horses trialled and 2109 horses raced. Horses that raced as 2-year-olds had significantly (P<0.001) more race starts than those first raced as 3-year-olds or older, this was also true when the 2-year-old year data were omitted. Horses that raced as 2-year-olds had significantly (P<0.001) more years racing. Horses registered with a trainer, trialled or raced as 2-year-olds were more likely to have won or been placed in a race than those that achieved the milestones as 3-year-olds or older. Horses that first trialled and raced as 2-year-olds had greater total earnings than those that first trialled or raced at a later age. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Two-year-old training milestones had a strong association with positive racing career outcomes. Horses in training or racing as 2-year-olds may have better musculoskeletal health throughout life than horses that are first in training or racing at a later age.
Benefits of transdermal fentanyl in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: an open-label study to assess pain control

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transdermal fentanyl (TDF) for the treatment of pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (OA), which was not adequately controlled by non-opioid analgesics and/or weak opioids. Methods: The study design incorporated a 1-week run-in period when current analgesic medications were optimised, a 28-day treatment period and a 1-week taper-off period. Patients with RA (n = 104) and OA (n = 159) started treatment with TDF 25 µg/h. Patches were replaced every 72 h, with the option to up-titrate until adequate pain control was achieved. Metoclopramide was taken during the first treatment week and as needed thereafter. Results: 203 patients completed the treatment phase, 90 entered the taper-off phase. 25 µg/h was the most frequently used maximum dose (51%). Pain control was increased from 4% to 29% of patients during run-in. The number of patients reaching adequate pain control in the first treatment week was increased to 75%, and increased further to 88% on day 28 and to 80% at endpoint. From baseline (screening) to endpoint, there were significant reductions in pain ( p < 0.001) on the Wisconsin Brief Pain Inventory, and significant improvements in quality of life (Short-Form-36: physical p < 0.001; mental health p < 0.05). Eighty per cent of the patients (n = 134) assessed the treatment favourably; nausea and vomiting were the most common adverse events, mainly occurring at treatment initiation. Efficacy of metoclopramide appeared limited. TDF could be initiated in patients pre-treated with non-opioid analgesics or weak opioids and tapered off without major complications. Conclusions: TDF significantly improved pain control and quality of life, and was well tolerated in patients with RA or knee/hip OA who continued to experience pain on their current analgesic treatment. Treatment could be discontinued without issues. Nausea and vomiting was usually mild during treatment initiation. Patients’ well being could be further accommodated by optimising prophylactic treatment.
Intonational Differences between L1 and L2 English in South Africa

Abstract Previous studies have shown that characteristics of a person’s first language (L1) may transfer to a second language (L2). The current study looks at the extent to which this holds for aspects of intonation as well. More specifically, we investigate to what extent traces of the L1 can be discerned in the way intonation is used in the L2 for two functions: (1) to highlight certain words by making them sound more prominent and (2) to signal continuation or finality in a list by manipulating the speech melody. To this end, the article presents an explorative study into the way focus and boundaries are marked prosodically in Zulu, and it also compares such prosodic functions in two variants of English in South Africa, i.e., English spoken as an L1, and English spoken as an L2/additional language by speakers who have Zulu as their L1. The latter language is commonly referred to as Black South African English. This comparison is interesting from a typological perspective, as Zulu is intonationally different from English, especially in the way prosody is exploited for signalling informationally important stretches of speech. Using a specific elicitation procedure, we found in a first study that speakers of South African English (as L1) mark focused words and position within a list by intonational means, just as in other L1 varieties of English, whereas Zulu only uses intonation for marking continuity or finality. A second study focused on speakers of Black South African English, and compared the prosody of proficient versus less proficient speakers. We found that the proficient speakers were perceptually equivalent to L1 speakers of English in their use of intonation for marking focus and boundaries. The less proficient speakers marked boundaries in a similar way as L1 speakers of English, but did not use prosody for signalling focus, analogous to what is typical of their native language. Acoustic observations match these perceptual results.
On-the-move destination entry for vehicle navigation systems: Unsafe by any means?

This paper outlines the arguments (and supporting evidence) both for and against allowing drivers to enter a destination with a vehicle navigation system while active in the primary driving task (‘on-the-move’). The benefits and limitations of various safety-related interventions are discussed, including the use of warnings/instructions, safeguards and design improvements. Whilst it is clear that the visual, manual and cognitive demands associated with entering destinations using current vehicle navigation systems can be high, it is concluded that inhibiting the use of this functionality whilst on-the-move, particularly through the use of reactionary legislation, will not be the ideal solution. Rather, human factors research must investigate the potential for novel user-interfaces, develop reliable and valid methods for assessing the safety impact of different designs, and consider the wider issues of system use and behavioural adaptation.
Deformation and fracture incidence of Reciproc instruments: a clinical evaluation.

AIM To investigate the incidence of fracture and deformation observed on Reciproc instruments after clinical use. METHODOLOGY A total of 1696 Reciproc NiTi instruments that were discarded after normal clinical usage over 30 months were collected. Of these 1580 instruments were R25 (93%), 76 were R40 (5%), and 40 were R50 (2%). The treatments included 3780 root canal preparations, 3023 primary treatments and 757 retreatments. Root canal preparation was standardized and followed the manufacturer's directions for the use of Reciproc files without creating prior glide path with hand instruments. In retreatment cases, Reciproc R25 instrument was used to remove all filling material and to complete the preparation. Each instrument was used for shaping only one tooth. All the instruments used were inspected under a microscope to detect signs of fracture or deformation and, if any fracture existed, the length of the files was measured. Data were analysed using a chi-square test with a level of significance set at P < . 05. RESULTS A total of 8 Reciproc R25 instruments fractured during treatment, which represents 0.47% of the number of instruments used and 0.21% of the root canals treated. Five instruments fractured in primary treatment cases and three instruments during retreatments. Six Reciproc R25 deformed during clinical use (0.35% of the number of instruments used and 0.15% of the root canals treated), four during retreatments and two during primary treatments. The deformation reported was unwinding of the blades, one at 1 mm from the tip and five between 2 and 3 mm from the tip. No deformations or fracture were registered for the Reciproc R40 and R50 instruments. CONCLUSIONS Root canal instrumentation following the manufacturer's instructions can be performed with Reciproc instruments with a very low incidence of instrument fracture and deformation.
Multi-segmented piezoelectric mirrors as active/adaptive optics components.

The angular acceptance of piezoelectric (Pzt) bimorph mirrors is limited by the maximum length of commercially available Pzt ceramic plates. To overcome this limit and manufacture longer devices, several (2n + 1) 150 mm-long bimorph Pzt stacks were assembled side-to-side. Two prototype mirrors, 450 (n = 1) and 750 (n = 2) mm long, were designed, assembled, polished and optically characterized. They are fully UHV compatible and are now installed in the monochromatic section of the ESRF beamlines ID26 and ID32. Both mirrors cover the full range of required bending radii (1 km concave-3.5 km convex). Junctions between segments do not spoil the optical surface quality. The surface slope error r.m.s. can be kept well below 1 arcsec over the full bending range. Adaptive compensation for low-frequency figure errors was shown to be easy and reliable. After compensation, residual shape errors are of the order of 40 nm r.m.s. over 700 mm.