Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACUTE DESTRUCTION BY HUMORAL ANTIBODY OF RAT SKIN GRAFTED TO MICE

A study has been made of the roles played by complement and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the acute destruction of xenografts of rat skin that follows injection of their hosts with antisera specifically reactive with graft antigens. The rat skin was grafted onto mice whose immune responses were suppressed by removal of the thymus and a brief course of treatment with rabbit antimouse lymphocyte serum. At about 2 wk after grafting the mice were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally with mouse antirat serum (MARS). This time interval was chosen because it avoided the complications that might be associated with either the process of healing in or with incipient rejection. Signs of graft damage were evident as early as 10 min after the injection of MARS, and in most animals so injected the grafts were completely destroyed within 24–48 h. The role of complement (C) in this acute destructive process is indicated by the results of three lines of experimentation. (a) Non-C-fixing antibodies or antibody fragments failed to cause damage to the grafts. Indeed, both chicken antirat serum and F(ab')2 fragments from rabbit antirat serum completely protected the grafts against the effects of MARS that was administered 24 h later. (b) When mice were depleted of hemolytic C by treatment with cobra venom factor or heat-aggregated gamma globulin, the damage caused by MARS was greatly reduced or completely inhibited. (c) In mice with a genetically determined absence of C5 much greater quantities of MARS were required to cause graft damage; the tempo of the destructive process was consistently slower; and a greater number of grafts recovered from the initial inflammatory process than was the case for animals with an intact complement system. The participation of PMN in serum-mediated destruction of grafts was initially suggested by the results of microscope examination of fixed tissues. The essential role of these cells in the process is indicated by the failure of MARS to cause tissue damage in mice whose circulating PMN have been reduced to very low levels by treatment with nitrogen mustard or more specifically with an anti-PMN serum. The absence of tissue damage when circulating PMN are reduced but C levels are normal suggests that C-mediated cytolysis is unimportant in graft destruction and that the role of C lies in its ability to generate chemotactic factors. The latter may then attract the PMN that provide mediators of tissue damage.
Lumbar lordosis: Study of patients with and without low back pain

We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess lumbar lordosis in 27 patients with low back pain and 19 patients and 10 volunteers with no known back pain. Our study aimed to investigate whether lordosis changes with age and is reduced in those with low back pain. Although our results confirm known observations that lumbar lordosis is more prominent in women (P < 0.01) and those with a higher body mass index (P < 0.04), we were unable to demonstrate any significant variation in lordosis with age. Nor could we demonstrate any difference in the degree of lordosis among women with or without back pain. Men with low back pain tended to have a less prominent lordosis, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Therefore, a ‘reduced lumbar lordosis’ should be regarded as a very weak clinical sign. Clin. Anat. 16:144–147, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food allergy and gastrointestinal disease The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population-based study : HealthNuts age 4-year follow-up

Rachel L. Peters, PhD, Jennifer J. Koplin, PhD, Lyle C. Gurrin, PhD, Shyamali C. Dharmage, MBBS, MSc, MD, PhD, Melissa Wake, MD, FRACP, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, MBBS, FAFPHM, FRACP, PhD, Mimi L. K. Tang, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA, FAAAAI, Adrian J. Lowe, PhD, Melanie Matheson, PhD, Terence Dwyer, PhD, and Katrina J. Allen, MBBS, BMedSc, FRACP, FAAAI, PhD, for the HealthNuts Study Parkville and Carlton, Australia; Auckland, New Zealand; and Oxford and Manchester, United Kingdom
Individual processing of phishing emails: How attention and elaboration protect against phishing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore user susceptibility to phishing by unpacking the mechanisms that may influence individual victimization. The focus is on the characteristics of the e-mail message, users’ knowledge and experience with phishing, and the manner in which these interact and influence how users cognitively process phishing e-mails. Design/methodology/approach – A field experiment was conducted where 194 subjects were exposed to a real phishing attack. The experimenters manipulated the contents of the message and measures of user traits and user processing were obtained after the phishing attack. Findings – Of the original list of targets, 47 percent divulged their private information to a bogus form page. Phishing susceptibility was predicted by a particular combination of both low attention to the e-mail elements and high elaboration of the phishing message. The presence of a threat or reward-based phishing message did not affect these processes, nor did it affect subsequent p.
Activated mineralocorticoid receptor regulates micro‐RNA‐29b in vascular smooth muscle cells

Inappropriately activated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a risk factor for vascular remodeling with unclear molecular mechanism. Recent findings suggest that post‐transcriptional regulation by micro‐RNAs (miRs) may be involved. Our aim was to search for MR‐dependent miRs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism and the pathologic relevance. We detected that aldosterone via the MR reduces miR‐29b in vivo in murine aorta and in human primary and cultured VSMCs (ED50 = 0.07 nM) but not in endothelial cells [quantitative PCR (qPCR), luciferase assays]. This effect was mediated by an increased decay of miR‐29b in the cytoplasm with unchanged miR‐29 family member or primary‐miR levels. Decreased miR‐29b led to an increase in extracellular matrix measured by ELISA and qPCR and enhanced VSMC migration in single cell‐tracking experiments. Additionally, cell proliferation and the apoptosis/necrosis ratio (caspase/lactate dehydrogenase assay) was modulated by miR‐29b. Enhanced VSMC migration by aldosterone required miR‐29b regulation. Control experiments were performed with scrambled RNA and empty plasmids, by comparing aldosterone‐stimulated with vehicle‐incubated cells. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of aldosterone‐mediated vascular pathogenesis by identifying miR‐29b as a pathophysiologic relevant target of activated MR in VSMCs and by highlighting the importance of miR processing for miR regulation. —Bretschneider, M. , Busch, B. , Mueller, D. , Nolze, A. , Schreier, B. , Gekle, M. , Grossmann, C. Activated mineralocorticoid receptor regulates micro‐RNA‐29b in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J. 30, 1610–1622 (2016). www.fasebj. org
Analysis of loop antenna with ground plane for underwater communications

Transmission and reception of high-speed short range signal is important for successful underwater water communications between an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) or Remote Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and a docking station or underwater sensor nodes during a survey mission. The need for this form of application is currently receiving global attention from scientific groups and industries. Hence, underwater antennas are therefore required to provide these links and achieve good data rates and propagation distances for these applications either in fresh or sea water scenario. In this paper, the performance of loop antenna placed at a specified distance and parallel to the ground plane is assessed through simulation for usage in fresh water and operating in the High Frequency (HF) band. Three variations of this antenna namely; the circular loop, the square loop and the delta loop antennas has been placed on two different ground plane shapes (circular and square) for analyses of their performances. These antennas were designed in FEKO, an electromagnetic simulation software and their performance is assessed in terms of bandwidth and directivity. The results obtained shows that the antennas exhibit wideband and high directivity with square loop antenna placed on a square ground plane having slight advantages over the other antennas with respect to their bandwidth and directivity. Experimental results added for the same antenna, confirmed its performance in terms of the measured parameters are in good agreement with simulation results.
Change in pattern of absenteeism as a result of workplace intervention for personnel support

The aim was to investigate whether a preventive intervention carried out in a predominantly female workplace, that of hospital cleaners (consisting of a group of 97 women), had any effect on patterns of absenteeism. As a background, a model for analysing complex patterns of absenteeism, including sickness absences, was also developed. A further aim was to study the interactions between different forms of absenteeism. Comparison was made with a reference group consisting of employees in the same job category who only received the customary personnel support. For individuals in the intervention group who were < 42 years of age, total absence due to sickness decreased. In a multiple regression analysis, the contribution from the intervention to the decrease was significant at the 5% level. This change was particularly obvious in those who had a previous history of high absence due to sickness. No clear relationship was shown between short-term absenteeism and the interventions applied. For those who were > 42 years, short-term absence decreased for those who had been in the same jobs for a long time. The combination of increased age and experience showed a tendency to enhance this decline in short-term absenteeism due to sickness. For those > 42 years, and who at the same time have a previous history of high absenteeism, long-term absenteeism due to sickness seemed to be increasing. Increased experience tended to reduce this increase in long-term sickness absence. This combination of different effects possibly indicated the presence of a process of selection which determined who remained in the job as opposed to those who did not. An important conclusion is that different forms of absenteeism need to be looked at in parallel, and at the same time multivariate statistical analysis needs to be carried out to determine the different interactions between the factors.
Eliminating Tverberg Points, I. An Analogue of the Whitney Trick

Motivated by topological Tverberg-type problems, we consider multiple (double, triple, and higher multiplicity) self-intersection points of maps from finite simplicial complexes (compact polyhedra) into Rd, and study conditions under which such multiple points can be eliminated. The most classical case is that of embeddings (i.e., maps without double points) of a k-dimensional complex K into R2k. For this problem, the work of van Kampen, Shapiro, and Wu provides an efficiently testable necessary condition for embeddability (namely, vanishing of the van Kampen obstruction). For k ≥ 3, the condition is also sufficient, and yields a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding embeddability: One starts with an arbitrary map f: K → R2k, which generically has finitely many double points; if k ≥ 3 and if the obstruction vanishes then one can successively remove these double points by local modifications of the map f. One of the main tools is the famous Whitney trick that permits eliminating pairs of double points of opposite intersection sign. We are interested in generalizing this approach to intersection points of higher multiplicity. We call a point y ∈ Rd an r-fold Tverberg point of a map f: Kk → Rd if y lies in the intersection f(σ1)∩…∩ f(σr) of the images of r pairwise disjoint simplices of K. The analogue of (non-)embeddability that we study is the problem Tverberg r k→d: Given a k-dimensional complex K, does it satisfy a Tverberg-type theorem with parameters r and d, i.e., does every map f:Kk → Rd have an r-fold Tverberg point? Here, we show that for fixed r, k and d of the form d = rm and k = (r−1)m, m ≥ 3, there is a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding this (based on the vanishing of a cohomological obstruction, as in the case of embeddings). Our main tool is an r-fold analogue of the Whitney trick: Given r pairwise disjoint simplices of K such that the intersection of their images contains two r-fold Tverberg points y+ and y− of opposite intersection sign, we can eliminate y+ and y− by a local isotopy of f. In a subsequent paper, we plan to develop this further and present a generalization of the classical Haefliger--Weber Theorem (which yields a necessary and sufficient condition for embeddability of k-complexes into R, for a wider range of dimensions) to intersection points of higher multiplicity.
Benzodiazepines modulate the A2 adenosine binding sites on 108CC15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells

1 We have demonstrated high affinity diazepam binding sites of the Ro5–4864 benzodiazepine receptor subtype on 108CC15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells. These cells were previously shown to have purinoceptors of the A2 adenosine subtype and we have now found that [3H]‐adenosine can be displaced from this binding site by the benzodiazepines and related compounds that can also bind to the Ro5–4864 site. 2 Diazepam was found to have no intrinsic activity at the A2‐receptor as measured by the stimulation of adenosine 3′: 5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cylic AMP) production in this cell line. 3 At concentrations sufficient to compete for the A2‐receptor, diazepam was shown to facilitate, by approximately 2 fold, the stimulation of cyclic AMP by adenosine. 4 These effects are not due to inhibition of adenosine uptake or phosphodiesterase activity, but are probably a consequence of modulation of the coupling of the A2‐receptor to cyclic AMP production in this hybrid cell line.
Changes in Body Image, Depression, and Anxiety Levels Among Women With Human Papillomavirus Infection

H u m a n papillomavirus (HPV) is the virus responsible for a variety of genital wart infections. Long thought to be a sexually transmitted disease of little consequence, HPV infection has emerged in the past several decades as a major health concern for women. Currently, there is little doubt that HPV plays a central, if not critical role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and its precursors (Aral & Holmes, 1990; Enterline & Leonardo, 1989; Stone, 1995). Each year more than 4,500 women in the United States die of cervical cancer. The mortality rate for women under 35 years of age dying of cervical cancer has tripled (Draper & Cook, 1983; Lilley & Schaffer, 1990; National Cancer Institute, 1990; Silverberg, Boring, & Squires, 1990). The association of HPV with cervical cancer is a variable one, dependent on the type of HPV lesion and other factors such as nutrition, parity, smoking, and hormonal and immune status. Because of this complexity in the pathogenesis of the infection, information given to women by health care providers is often confusing and conflicting. The resulting uncertainty over what to expect in the future has implications for the most important parts of a woman’s being: her sexuality, her fertility, and possibly her life. A great consequence of the infection, therefore, tends to be psychosocial as well as physical. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in body image, incidence of depression, and anxiety levels over time after the specific diagnosis of HPV had been made. The knowledge of these psychosocial aspects of HPV infection and understanding of the emotional sequelae in women is important to health care
Serum APE 1 as a predictive marker for platinum-based chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer patients

Purpose: To define the role of the DNA repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in predicting the prognosis and chemotherapeutic response of non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-containing chemotherapy. Results: Our investigations found that serum APE1 level was significantly elevated in 229 of 412 NSCLC patients and correlated with its level in tissue (r2 = 0.639, p < 0.001). The elevated APE1 level in both tissue and serum of patients prior to chemotherapy was associated with worse progression-free survival (HR: 2.165, p < 0.001, HR: 1.421, p = 0.012), but not with overall survival. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, a low APE1 serum level was associated with better overall survival (HR: 0.497, p = 0.010). Experimental Design: We measured APE1 protein levels in biopsy tissue from 172 NSCLC patients and sera of 412 NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy by immunohistochemistry and a newly established sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. APE1 levels in sera of 523 healthy donors were also determined as control. Conclusions: Our studies indicate that APE1 is a biomarker for predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy in NSCLC. The chemotherapy-naïve serum APE1 level, which correlated with its tissue level inversely associated with progressionfree survival of platinum-containing doublet chemotherapy, whereas post-treatment serum APE1 level was inversely associated with overall survival.
Sparse-Input Neural Networks for High-dimensional Nonparametric Regression and Classification

Neural networks are usually not the tool of choice for nonparametric high-dimensional problems where the number of input features is much larger than the number of observations. Though neural networks can approximate complex multivariate functions, they generally require a large number of training observations to obtain reasonable fits, unless one can learn the appropriate network structure. In this manuscript, we show that neural networks can be applied successfully to high-dimensional settings if the true function falls in a low dimensional subspace, and proper regularization is used. We propose fitting a neural network with a sparse group lasso penalty on the first-layer input weights, which results in a neural net that only uses a small subset of the original features. In addition, we characterize the statistical convergence of the penalized empirical risk minimizer to the optimal neural network: we show that the excess risk of this penalized estimator only grows with the logarithm of the number of input features; and we show that the weights of irrelevant features converge to zero. Via simulation studies and data analyses, we show that these sparse-input neural networks outperform existing nonparametric high-dimensional estimation methods when the data has complex higher-order interactions.
Tissue Oxygen Demand in Regulation of the Behavior of the Cells in the Vasculature

The control of arteriolar diameters in microvasculature has been in the focus of studies on mechanisms matching oxygen demand and supply at the tissue level. Functionally, important vascular elements include EC, VSMC, and RBC. Integration of these different cell types into functional units aimed at matching tissue oxygen supply with tissue oxygen demand is only achieved when all these cells can respond to the signals of tissue oxygen demand. Many vasoactive agents that serve as signals of tissue oxygen demand have their receptors on all these types of cells (VSMC, EC, and RBC) implying that there can be a coordinated regulation of their behavior by the tissue oxygen demand. Such functions of RBC as oxygen carrying by Hb, rheology, and release of vasoactive agents are considered. Several common extra‐ and intracellular signaling pathways that link tissue oxygen demand with control of VSMC contractility, EC permeability, and RBC functioning are discussed.
Evaluating obesity-related differences in upper extremity and trunk muscular capacity

Over one-third of the world adult population is overweight or obese, and the prevalence continues to increase. Obesity is a risk factor for injury, and the growing prevalence may be associated with increases in the future incidence and cost of injuries. In this study, we examined obesity-related differences in muscular capacity during sustained isometric exertions involving hand grip, shoulder flexion, and trunk extension. Thirty-six young individuals who were obese or not obese (aged 18-29) completed these exertions at fixed levels of absolute loads involving low-moderate levels of effort. Individuals who were obese had an overall ~20% higher absolute strength, but ~20% lower relative strength. These differences were most evident in the hand grip and shoulder exertions. Parameters of fitted exponential relationships between endurance time and task demands (as a percentage of strength) were similar in both groups. Perceptual and performance responses were also consistent between groups. Accordingly, we conclude that obesity may not substantially influence muscular capacity for these tasks.
Protein global fold determination using site‐directed spin and isotope labeling

We describe a simple experimental approach for the rapid determination of protein global folds. This strategy utilizes site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) in combination with isotope enrichment to determine long‐range distance restraints between amide protons and the unpaired electron of a nitroxide spin label using the paramagnetic effect on relaxation rates. The precision and accuracy of calculating a protein global fold from only paramagnetic effects have been demonstrated on barnase, a well‐characterized protein. Two monocysteine derivatives of barnase, (H102C) and (H102A/Q15C), were 15N enriched, and the paramagnetic nitroxide spin label, MTSSL, attached to the single Cys residue of each. Measurement of amide 1H longitudinal relaxation times, in both the oxidized and reduced states, allowed the determination of the paramagnetic contribution to the relaxation processes. Correlation times were obtained from the frequency dependence of these relaxation processes at 800, 600, and 500 MHz. Distances in the range of 8 to 35 Å were calculated from the magnitude of the paramagnetic contribution to the relaxation processes and individual amide 1H correlation times. Distance restraints from the nitroxide spin to amide protons were used as restraints in structure calculations. Using nitroxide to amide 1H distances as long‐range restraints and known secondary structure restraints, barnase global folds were calculated having backbone RMSDs <3 å from the crystal structure. this approach makes it possible to rapidly obtain the overall topology of a protein using a limited number of paramagnetic distance restraints.
Delayed-Onset Nodules Secondary to a Smooth Cohesive 20 mg/mL Hyaluronic Acid Filler: Cause and Management

BACKGROUND The shift from 2- to 3-dimensional soft tissue augmentation has allowed the development of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, which are long lasting and also reversible. Delayed-onset inflammatory nodules have recently been reported with the use of HA fillers. OBJECTIVE The authors document their experience with delayed-onset nodules after 3-dimensional facial injection of Juvéderm Voluma (HA-V) over 68 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who were treated with HA-V between February 1, 2009, and September 30, 2014, to evaluate for delayed-onset nodules. RESULTS Over 68 months, 4,702 treatments were performed using 11,460 mL of HA-V. Twenty-three patients (0.5%) experienced delayed-onset nodules. The median time from injection to reaction was 4 months, and median time to resolution was 6 weeks. Nine of the 23 (39%) had an identifiable immunologic trigger such as flu-like illness before the nodule onset. In the authors' experience, prednisone, intralesional corticosteroids, and hyaluronidase were effective treatments. CONCLUSION Although delayed nodules are uncommon from HA-V (0.5%), it is important to be aware of this adverse effect and have a management protocol in place. It is the authors' opinion from the patients' responses and from the literature that these nodules are immune mediated in nature.