Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversidad genética y estructura de poblaciones de pavos domésticos mexicanos

En este estudio se analizaron niveles de diversidad y estructura genetica de 144 guajolotes domesticados de poblaciones de traspatio de las cinco regiones fisiograficas de Michoacan y 16 guajolotes de dos poblaciones silvestres del centro de Mexico utilizados como grupo externo de referencia, mediante siete loci de microsatelites. En guajolotes domesticados el promedio de heterocigosidad fue moderado (0.535 ± 0.285) comparado con silvestres (0.701 ± 0.068). Los guajolotes domesticados mostraron diferenciacion entre poblaciones (FST= 0.122) a traves de los loci. Los porcentajes de diferenciacion estimados por Analisis de Varianza Molecular fueron bajos entre poblaciones (14 % domesticados y 6 % silvestres) y altos dentro de las poblaciones (86 % domesticados y 94 % silvestres). Los analisis de similitud mostraron la formacion de un grupo con guajolotes silvestres y dos grupos basales con domesticados; un grupo basal incluyo tres subgrupos con poblaciones de las regiones Bajio, Faja Volcanica Transversal y Balsas, y un segundo grupo basal incluyo dos subgrupos con poblaciones de las regiones Sierra y Costa. El analisis de estructura genetica mostro tres grupos para guajolotes domesticados y uno para silvestres. Una prueba de Mantel mostro aislamiento por patron de distancia (r=0.84, P<0.05) entre poblaciones domesticadas. Los grupos geneticos de guajolotes domesticados fueron congruentes con los datos morfometricos previamente obtenidos de la misma poblacion; un grupo correspondio a poblaciones de Bajio y Balsas (morfometria intermedia), el segundo grupo incluyo a la poblacion de Faja Volcanica Transmexicana (grandes y pesados), y el tercer grupo correspondio a poblaciones de Sierra y Costa (ligeros y pequenos).
Bauer, Ralf and Li, Li and Uttamchandani, Deepak (2014) Dynamic properties of angular vertical comb-drive scanning micromirrors with electrothermally

This paper presents the investigation of a variable angular vertical comb-drive (AVC) actuated MEMS scanning micromirror, focusing on the influence of the initial comb offset on the dynamic scan characteristics. Continuous control of the fixed comb initial vertical offset is achieved using an electrothermal actuator integrated in the AVC. Electro-thermomechanical simulations and experiments of the AVC structure show good agreement, with the initial vertical offset of the fixed comb reducing theoretically from 10. 8μm (0mW to actuator) to 6. 0μm (500mW to actuator) and experimentally from 10. 4μm (0mW to actuator) to 4. 9μm (510mW to actuator). Experimentally, a change of the initial vertical comb-offset from 10. 4μm to 4. 9μm leads to a reduction of the measured dynamic total optical scan angle (TOSA) from 27o to 19o for 100V AC actuation. Additionally, a mechanically assisted deflection of the AVC actuators to achieve an almost in-plane comb configuration, further reduces the measured dynamic TOSA to about 3o. The overall device behavior is modeled using a hybrid simulation approach combining FEM analysis of the AVC capacitance with an analytical solution of the motion equation of the scanner. The analysis shows good agreement with the experimentally measured characteristics, overall showing an increased TOSA with higher initial comb offsets.
IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM LINN BARK EXTRACTS

One of the most common threats is the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens. Cancer is another major problem leads to death. Hence a search for new, plant based, risk-free, superior compounds with novel antimicrobial and anticancer activities is the need of the day. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The antimicrobial activity of extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (aqueous, methanol and chloroform) against bacterial and fungal clinical isolates like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans was determined. The anticancer activity was studied by MTT and AO/EB staining on hepato carcinoma cell lines ((Hep G2 cell line). The result of antimicrobial study showed that methanolic extract had better antibacterial and antifungal activity. The most susceptible bacterial and fungal strains were Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The methanolic extract showed MIC value of 2.5mg/ml for Bacillus subtilis and 5mg/ml for Aspergillus niger. The results of in vitro anticancer studies by MTT assay on Hep G2 cell line in the presence of methanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark showed an IC50 value of 150μg/ ml. The AO/EB staining also showed that the methanolic extract was able to induce apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells after 24 hours of incubation at a concentration 150μg/ ml. This study proved that Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark is a reliable and safer herbal drug that can be used in pharmaceutical preparations for infectious and malignant diseases.
High resolution reconstruction of monthly precipitation of Iberian Peninsula using circulation weather types

High resolution reconstruction of monthly precipitation of Iberian Peninsula using circulation weather types N. Cortesi, R. Trigo, J. C. Gonzalez-Hidalgo, and A. M. Ramos University of Zaragoza, Department of Geography, Spain University of Lisbon, CGUL, IDL, Lisbon, Portugal Instituto Universitario Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Spain University of Vigo, Ephyslab, Vigo, Spain
Genetic background of coat colour in sheep

Abstract. The coat colour of animals is an extremely important trait that affects their behaviour and is decisive for survival in the natural environment. In farm animal breeding, as a result of the selection of a certain coat colour type, animals are characterized by a much greater variety of coat types. This makes them an appropriate model in research in this field. A very important aspect of the coat colour types of farm animals is distinguishing between breeds and varieties based on this trait. Furthermore, for the sheep breeds which are kept for skins and wool, coat/skin colour is an important economic trait. Until now the study of coat colour inheritance in sheep proved the dominance of white colour over pigmented/black coat or skin and of black over brown. Due to the current knowledge of the molecular basis of ovine coat colour inheritance, there is no molecular test to distinguish coat colour types in sheep although some are available for other species, such as cattle, dogs, and horses. Understanding the genetic background of variation in one of the most important phenotypic traits in livestock would help to identify new genes which have a great effect on the coat colour type. Considering that coat colour variation is a crucial trait for discriminating between breeds (including sheep), it is important to broaden our knowledge of the genetic background of pigmentation. The results may be used in the future to determine the genetic pattern of a breed. Until now, identified candidate genes that have a significant impact on colour type in mammals mainly code for factors located in melanocytes. The proposed candidate genes code for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), agouti signaling protein (ASIP), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF, and v-kit Hardy–Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KIT). However, there is still no conclusive evidence of established polymorphisms for specific coat colour types in sheep.
Income inequality and saving in a class society: the role of ordinal status

Abstract This paper examines the impact of income growth and income inequality on household saving rates and payoffs in a non-cooperative game where each player’s payoff depends on her present and future consumption and her rank in the present consumption distribution. The setting is a pooling equilibrium with three clusters of successive income groups, each cluster having its own present-consumption standard and rank in the present-consumption distribution. In this way the analysis addresses the saving behaviour and welfare of three social classes: the lower, middle and upper class. Explanations are found for the Easterlin paradox and the Kuznets consumption puzzle and it is concluded that rank concerns tend to strengthen the case for more income equality and weaken the standard effect of inequality on aggregate saving.
Effects of increasing stocking density on finishing pig performance.

A total of 1,201 finishing pigs (initially 63 lb) were used in a 99-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing stocking density on finishing pig growth performance. Single-sex pens of barrows and gilts were blocked to minimize variation due to gender and barn location. There were 12 pens per block with 3 replication pens per treatment within each block. Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 12 pens per treatment. Treatments were stocking pens with 22, 24, 26, or 28 pigs each, allowing 8.2, 7.5, 6.9, and 6.4 ft2 per pig, respectively. Pens of pigs were weighed and feed intake was determined on d 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, and 99 to calculate ADG, ADFI, and F/G. Pigs were fed common diets throughout the trial. No adjustments were made at the pen level to account for space increases because of removed pigs.
Chaos Process Testing (Time-Series in The Frequency Domain) in Predicting Stock Returns in Tehran Stock Eechange

Nowadays, the benefits of predicting are undeniably accepted in decision and policy making from different dimensions. Recently, structural models which were relatively successful in explaining the current situation have not been paid much attention in the field of forecasting. Most statistical observations have applied the tests which brought about wrong findings, and made them draw this conclusion that the obtained data from chaos-basis tests are random. However, these data are derived from systematic regulations which are accompanies with trivial disorders. Therefore, some other tests such as time-series tests in the frequency domain have been proposed. This test was utilized to assess the existence of chaotic processes in daily time-series on Tehran Stock Exchange over a period from 2007 to 2013. The achieved findings clearly demonstrate such processes during the process of this
Beat-note locking in dual-polarization lasers submitted to frequency-shifted optical feedback

We derive a delay-differential equation model that describes continuous-wave (cw) or passively Q-switched (PQS) two-frequency solid-state lasers submitted to frequency-shifted feedback (FSF). The study focuses on the locking of the beat note between the two free-running laser frequencies to a reference external frequency. The locking domain is obtained analytically in the cw regime. The PQS regime is treated by adding a saturable absorber population in the model equations. In this case, numerical simulations permit us to evaluate a locking range that is smaller than in the cw case. We find good agreement between the theoretical predictions and experiments carried out with a cw diode-pumped dual-polarization Nd:YAG laser as well as with previously published experimental results obtained with cw Er:Yb:glass [ Opt. Lett. 32, 1099 (2007)] and PQS Nd:YAG [ Opt. Lett. 33, 2524 (2008)] lasers. Applications of the FSF locking technique include the lidar-radar technique, for which a highly coherent beat note is required.
Effects of Supplementing Fish Meal with Garden Snail (Limicolaria Spp.) In Clarias gariepinus Diets

Abstact: Fingerling C. gariepinus of mean weight 3.0g were stocked 20 fish per trough in a mini flow-through system consisting of fifteen troughs and fed diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of garden snails as replacement for fish meal for 42 days. Each treatment was replicated thrice. It was observed that garden snails were better utilized than fish meal as the fish fed 25% garden snail had a superior growth to the control. There was no significant difference (P.0>05) in the mean weight gain, food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, gross feed conversion efficiency and condition factor of fish fed the varying levels of garden snail. The fish fed 75% garden snail had a lower growth as a result of mortality. It is suggested that 25% garden snails can be efficiently utilized in C. gariepinus diets. This study also showed that the protein quality of garden snails compares well with that of fish meal. [Report and Opinion. 2010; 2(1):58-62]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). Key word: effect; supplementing; fish meal; garden snail
The duration and outcome of unemployment spells : the role of economic incentives

We investigate how transitions from unemployment are affected by economic incentives and spell duration. Based on unique Norwegian register data that exhibit the rarity of random-assignment-like variation in economic incentives, the causal parameters are identified without reliance on distributional assumptions or functional form restrictions. We find that the hazard rates are negatively affected by the replacement ratio, but that the size of these effects varies considerably among individuals. There is strong negative duration dependence in the employment hazard and positive duration dependence in the ‘discouragement’ hazard. The employment hazard rises substantially in the months just prior to benefit exhaustion.
Multi‐temporal synthetic aperture radar flood mapping using change detection

A change detection and thresholding methodology has been adapted from previous studies to determine the extent of flooding for 13 Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar images captured during the floods of winter 2015–2016 in Yorkshire, UK. Both available polarisations, VH and VV, have been processed to allow for a comparison of their respective accuracy for delineating surface water. Peak flood extents are found on 29 December 2015 during the aftermath of storms Eva and Frank. Results have been validated against a Sentinel‐2 optical image, with both polarisations producing a total accuracy of 97%. Of the two polarisations, VV produces fewer misclassifications, mirroring the similar results reported in previous research. Mapped results are compared to the Environment Agency Flood Maps for Planning (EA FMP), with good correlation observed for inundation on the floodplains. Differences occur away from the floodplains, with the satellite data identifying pluvial flooding not highlighted by the EA FMP.
Methanol observation of IRAS 19312+1950: A possible new type of class I methanol maser

We report the result of a systematic methanol observation toward IRAS 19312+1950. The properties of the SiO, H2O and OH masers of this object are consistent with those of mass-losing evolved stars, but some other properties are difficult to explain in the standard scheme of stellar evolution in its late stage. Interestingly, a tentative detection of radio methanol lines was suggested toward this object by a previous observation. To date, there are no confirmed detections of methanol emission towards evolved stars, so investigation of this possible detection is important to better understand the circumstellar physical/chemical environment of IRAS 19312+1950. In this study, we systematically observed multiple methanol lines of IRAS 19312+1950 in the lambda=3mm, 7mm, and 13mm bands, and detected 6 lines including 4 thermal lines and 2 class I maser lines. We derived basic physical parameters including kinetic temperature and relative abundances by fitting a radiative transfer model. According to the derived excitation temperature and line profiles, a spherically expanding outflow lying at the center of the nebulosity is excluded from the possibilities for methanol emission regions. The detection of class I methanol maser emission suggests that a shock region is involved in the system of IRAS 19312+1950. If the central star of IRAS 19312+1950 is an evolved star as suggested in the past, the class I maser detected in the present observation is the first case detected in an interaction region between an evolved star outflow and ambient molecular gas.
A Note on Exact Tests and Confidence Intervals for Two-by-Two Contingency Tables in Randomized Trials

There are two major exact tests used for hypothesis testing of two-by-two contingency tables: Fisher’s exact test and Barnard’s exact test. Recently, Chiba (Journal of Biometrics and Biostatistics 2015; 2: 244) developed new exact tests: a conditional exact test, which requires that a marginal total is fixed, and an unconditional exact test, which does not require that a marginal total is fixed and depends rather on the ratio of random assignment. Fisher’s exact test can be regarded as a special case of the conditional exact test. For Barnard’s and Chiba’s exact tests, the confidence intervals linking to them can be constructed in a straightforward manner. In this article, we review these three exact tests, noting the differences in the null hypotheses that they test. Furthermore, using a numerical example, we demonstrate that the confidence interval linking to Barnard’s exact test is not in fact an exact confidence interval for the causal effect.
The Effect of Steroid in the Treatment of Simple Bone Cysts

Objective: Although simple bone cysts are long-known lesions, an optimal treatment has not yet been found. There are quite different results reported in studies done with a steroid injection technique which is a popular treatment method today. The results of patients with pathological fractures who did not accept any treatment method were compared with the steroid injection technique. Method: Twenty-four patients who had steroid injection technique (Group-I) and 19 patients who had had pathological fractures and who did not accept any treatment method (Group-II) between 1995 and 2011 were included the study. Plain radiographic evaluation criteria of Capanna were used in comparisons, and MRI was used with patients whose plain radiological findings were healed with residual phase. The results were rated according to both plain radiographs and MRI findings. Results: The patients in Group-I were followed up for an average of 5.7 (2-9) years. Successful results were obtained in 18 patients (75%) according plain radiographs and in 13 patients (54%) according to MRI findings. The patients in Group-II were followed up 3 (2-7) years. Successful results were obtained in 15 patients (78.9%) according to plain radiographs and in 11 patients (57%) according to MRI findings. Conclusion: No difference was observed in terms of the healing of cysts between the patients treated with a steroid injection technique and the patients that were only observed.
Analysis and optimisation of packed-bed thermal reservoirs for electricity storage applications

Several emerging electrical energy storage technologies make use of packed-bed reservoirs to store thermal energy for subsequent conversion back to electricity. The present paper describes analysis and optimisation of such reservoirs under transient and steady-state cyclic operation. The focus is on thermodynamic issues, but a simple costing model is also included in order to determine the influence of cost factors on the main design parameters. A major part of the paper is devoted to segmentation (or layering) of the packed beds, which has previously been proposed as a means of simultaneously attaining high storage efficiency and full utilisation of the reservoirs. As illustrative examples, three different reservoirs are modelled, corresponding to the hot and cold thermal stores of a pumped thermal energy storage system, and a larger thermal store suitable for integration with adiabatic compressed air energy storage.
The assessment of a global marine ecosystem model on the basis of emergent properties and ecosystem function: a case study with ERSEM

Abstract. Ecosystem models are often assessed using quantitative metrics of absolute ecosystem state, but these model–data comparisons are disproportionately vulnerable to discrepancies in the location of important circulation features. An alternative method is to demonstrate the models capacity to represent ecosystem function; the emergence of a coherent natural relationship in a simulation indicates that the model may have an appropriate representation of the ecosystem functions that lead to the emergent relationship. Furthermore, as emergent properties are large-scale properties of the system, model validation with emergent properties is possible even when there is very little or no appropriate data for the region under study, or when the hydrodynamic component of the model differs significantly from that observed in nature at the same location and time. A selection of published meta-analyses are used to establish the validity of a complex marine ecosystem model and to demonstrate the power of validation with emergent properties. These relationships include the phytoplankton community structure, the ratio of carbon to chlorophyll in phytoplankton and particulate organic matter, the ratio of particulate organic carbon to particulate organic nitrogen and the stoichiometric balance of the ecosystem. These metrics can also inform aspects of the marine ecosystem model not available from traditional quantitative and qualitative methods. For instance, these emergent properties can be used to validate the design decisions of the model, such as the range of phytoplankton functional types and their behaviour, the stoichiometric flexibility with regards to each nutrient, and the choice of fixed or variable carbon to nitrogen ratios.
PURSUING THE PLANET–DEBRIS DISK CONNECTION: ANALYSIS OF UPPER LIMITS FROM THE ANGLO-AUSTRALIAN PLANET SEARCH

Solid material in protoplanetary disks will suffer one of two fates after the epoch of planet formation; either being bound up into planetary bodies, or remaining in smaller planetesimals to be ground into dust. These end states are identified through detection of sub-stellar companions by periodic radial velocity (or transit) variations of the star, and excess emission at mid- and far-infrared wavelengths, respectively. Since the material that goes into producing the observable outcomes of planet formation is the same, we might expect these components to be related both to each other and their host star. Heretofore, our knowledge of planetary systems around other stars has been strongly limited by instrumental sensitivity. In this work, we combine observations at far-infrared wavelengths by IRAS, Spitzer, and Herschel with limits on planetary companions derived from non-detections in the 16 year Anglo-Australian Planet Search to clarify the architectures of these (potential) planetary systems and search for evidence of correlations between their constituent parts. We find no convincing evidence of such correlations, possibly owing to the dynamical history of the disk systems, or the greater distance of the planet-search targets. Our results place robust limits on the presence of Jupiter analogs which, in concert with the debris disk observations, provides insights on the small-body dynamics of these nearby systems.
Implementation of hemostatic techniques in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Acute hemorrhage of the upper peptic system is the most commen emergency that a clinical doctor has to deal with. According to recent edidemiological data, acute non-cirsoid hemorrhage concerns most of the 300,000 annual admissions to U.S.A. hospitals with a mortality rate of nearly 7-10%. The reestablishment of homodynamic disturbances and the replacement of the lost in vessel mass is the prime role of the clinical doctor. When homodynamic stability is obtained, the adaptation of therapeutic endoscopy is of vital significance for the verification and the interruption of the hemorrhage. It the review that follows, analysis of the different endoscopic techniques for hemostasis available today is attempted and in particular, methods of adaptation and their results in confronting acute hemorrhage of the upper peptic system. Key-words: Acute hemorrhage of upper peptic system, therapeutically intervention, Endoscopical techniques of hemostace.