Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical, chemical, and biotic effects on arctic zooplankton communities and diversity

We examined how physical and chemical factors and fish populations affected the presence and density of zooplankton species in 104 Alaskan arctic lakes. Five fish species and nine zooplankters were sampled from the lakes. Lake depth was related to the distribution of zooplankton in that smaller zooplankton species were found in deep lakes and large species in shallow lakes. Neither ionic strength nor chlorophyll was a major factor in zooplankton presence or absence. When fish were present, few, if any, very large zooplankton occurred together. However, the relationship between the presence and density of smaller‐sized zooplankton species and the presence of specific species of fish was complex and did not fit anticipated patterns. The diversity of zooplankton in these arctic lakes was not related to chemistry or fish distribution, but species richness increased with increasing lake area and depth. For a few zooplankters (notably Holopedium gibberum), the fraction of lakes containing the zooplankter varied by region.
Free radical-scavenging activity and cytotoxicity from leaves of Guettarda platypoda

The specie Guettarda platypoda DC. a shrub present in the flora of the state of Pernambuco (Itamaraca) is used in folk medicine as an antipyretic. The aim of this study was to conduct a bioactivity-guided fractionation of the leaves of this species, thus evaluating the biological activity (Cytotoxic and antioxidant) of substance and/or fractions of different polarities. The raw methanol extract of the leaves of G. platypoda was subjected to fractionation using solvents of increasing polarity; cell viability was measured by MTT (3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction assay; antioxidant activity was determined based on the ability to sequester free radicals by the method of DPPH (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and the molecular characterization was performed by spectrometric methods. From this work it was possible to isolate a porphyrin (pheophytin a). During bioguided tests, it was evident that the crude methanolic extract (IC50 = 7.02 x 10 -3 mg/mL), fractions of ethyl acetate (IC50 = 5.58 x 10-3 mg/mL) and methanol (IC50 = 8.10-3 mg/mL) had higher antioxidant activity than vitamin C. In conclusion, the substances present in the extract in ethyl acetate (F3) of G. platypoda and in the F2.2 subfraction, demonstrated cytotoxic and antioxidant activity against all cell lines tested, but the pheophytin a (P5), first identified to the genus Guetarda, showed no significant activity against the tested cell lines in this work.
A NEW INTEGRAL INEQUALITY APPROACH TO DELAY‐DEPENDENT ROBUST H∞ CONTROL

A design method for the robust H∞ control of an uncertain linear system with a time‐varying state delay is proposed. First, an integral inequality that we recently obtained is employed to establish a new delay‐dependent bounded real lemma for a system with a time‐varying delay. The lemma uses neither a model transformation nor a bounding technique for cross terms. Then, the lemma is used in combination with a matrix decomposition method to derive delay‐dependent conditions for the existence of robust H∞ control based on linear matrix inequalities. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the method.
Natural and Pathologic Autoantibodies

Detection and characterization of autoantibodies reacting with self-antigens is generally used in laboratory diagnostics. However, the presence of different autoantibodies in the blood serum doesn’t mean automatically a pathologic condition. Autoantibodies are present both in different diseases as autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation or infections, and in healthy individuals without any symptoms. The present paper discusses the detailed analysis of recognition pattern and fine epitope specificity of these autoantibodies to better understand of their occurrence and evolution, and their role in physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Long-Range Propagation of the Semidiurnal Internal Tide from the Hawaiian Ridge

Abstract The northeastward progression of the semidiurnal internal tide from French Frigate Shoals (FFS), Hawaii, is studied with an array of six simultaneous profiling moorings spanning 25.5°–37.1°N (≈1400 km) and 13-yr-long Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon (T/P) altimeter data processed by a new technique. The moorings have excellent temporal and vertical resolutions, while the altimeter offers broad spatial coverage of the surface manifestation of the internal tide’s coherent portion. Together these two approaches provide a unique view of the internal tide’s long-range propagation in a complex ocean environment. The moored observations reveal a rich, time-variable, and multimodal internal tide field, with higher-mode motions contributing significantly to velocity, displacement, and energy. In spite of these contributions, the coherent mode-1 internal tide dominates the northeastward energy flux, and is detectable in both moored and altimetric data over the entire array. Phase and group prop.
Time Elapsed from Onset of Symptoms to Diagnosis of Gonorrhoea in Swedish Patients, 1999-2009

Background: Gonococcal infection remains an important public health problem worldwide. The incidence of reported gonorrhoea cases in Sweden raised by 32%, from 5.9 to 7.8 cases per 100,000 in 2001 to 2008.The aim of this study is to estimate the lag time or time elapsed between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of gonorrhoea, and to identify the factors associated with diagnostic delay in a sample of reported gonorrhoea cases in Sweden. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using all reported gonorrhoea cases at the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control (SMI) from the time period 1999-2009. Total number of cases included in final analysis was 2161. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied for data analysis. Results: The mean lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of gonorrhoea was 12.3 ± 18.8 days. There was a significant association of lag time with sex, region, type of clinics and type of specimen and year of diagnosis. In multivariate analysis with adjusted model, type of specimen was found to have independent effect on lag time and there was a significant interaction observed between region and sex indicating difference between sexes was due to difference in regions. Conclusion: The result of our study revealed a significant delay in establishing a diagnosis in Gonorrhoea patient sample in Sweden. The variables influencing this delay in diagnosis should be addressed to shorten the lag time leading to an early diagnosis and a proper treatment in our patients. However, more research needs to be carried out in this area to better understand the factors at work. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1. 8513 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.20-28
Effects of a Single Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Session on Lipid Peroxidation of Untrained Male Students

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise with low intensity of oxidative stress on male students who did not do any regular sports whatsoever. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 16 untrained subjects with a mean age of 24.40 ± 1.7 years, height 176 ± 6.83 cm, weight 69.89 ± 6.6 and BMI 22.89 ± 0.89 kg/ m2, were studied pre and post a low intensity resistance exercise. The exercise protocol involved Scott and leg stretching for the lower limbs and stretch underarm and chest press for the upper limbs. The subjects performed each exercise 3 times (one minute rest between sets). The low- intensity test was performed in 25-30% of one repetition maximum (25 to 30 reps). Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation was measured before exercise, immediately after and 6 and 24 h after exercise. Results: Our data were analyzed using one factor repeated measures. Our results revealed a significant increase in MDA in response to low intensity resistance exercise at pre and post exercise time points in untrained subjects (P<0.05). The peak increase was observed at immediately post-exercise time point (P<0.0001, F=98.36) and the measures returned to resting values 24 hours after the test. Conclusion: Overall, resistance exercise, even though low-intense one appears to increase resistance oxidative stress.
Mechanisms of Interannual Variations of the Meridional Overturning Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The authors investigate the nature of the interannual variability of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of the North Atlantic Ocean using an Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) assimilation product for the period of 1993–2003. The time series of the first empirical orthogonal function of the MOC is found to be correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, while the associated circulation anomalies correspond to cells extending over the full ocean depth. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the wind is responsible for most of this interannual variability, at least south of 40°N. A dynamical decomposition of the meridional streamfunction allows a further look into the mechanisms. In particular, the contributions associated with 1) the Ekman flow and its depth-independent compensation, 2) the vertical shear flow, and 3) the barotropic gyre flowing over zonally varying topography are examined. Ekman processes are found to dominate the shorter time .
Recognition of ship types from an infrared image using moment invariants and neural networks

Abstract : Autonomous object recognition is an active area of interest for military and commercial applications: Given an input image from an infrared or range sensor, find interesting objects in those images and then classify those objects. In this work, automatic target recognition of ship types in an infrared image is explored. The first phase segments the original infrared image in order to obtain the ship silhouette. The second phase calculates moment functions of those silhouettes that guarantee invariance with respect to translation, rotation and scale. The third phase applies those invariant features to a backpropagation neural network and classifies the ship as one of five types. The algorithm was implemented and experimentally validated using both simulated three-dimensional ship model images and real images derived from video of an AN/AAS-44V Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) sensor.
Recent and future modulation of the annual cycle

This study investigates changes to the annual temperature cycle in both observed records and output from a coupled ocean-atmosphere global climate model. Using least-squares harmonic analysis, changes to the observed annual harmonic (for the time period 1856–1998), in addition to the 1961–1990 climatology, are compared with 9 simulations from the HadCM2 model. The first simulation is a 1400 yr control integration, whilst the remainder are from 2 ensembles representing (1) increases in CO2 concentrations and (2) a combination of CO2 and sulphate aerosol increases. Observed and simulated climatologies are generally comparable, although large amplitude and phase discrepancies exist over northern North America and high-latitude oceans, respectively. The agreement may be partly artificial over the oceans due to the use of flux adjustments to maintain a realistic sea-surface temperature field. Observed northern hemisphere amplitude decreases during the 20th century agree well with simulated changes, although there are some regional differences; observed changes to the southern hemisphere amplitude are insignificant. The sign of northern hemisphere phase changes are opposite in the 2 data sets. The nature of these results is unchanged after consideration is given to the varying spatial coverage of the observed data set, by means of applying a frozen grid mask to both observed and simulated data. These findings are consistent with previous studies, though we extend them by updating the observed record, by using ensembles to better define the climate change signal, and by considering the direct effects of sulphate aerosols. For a given warming, the inclusion of aerosols results in an enhanced amplitude decrease within the northern hemisphere, related to the summertime maximum of the direct sulphate cooling effect.
Entanglement in and ingestion of fishing gear and other marine debris by Florida manatees, 1993 to 2012

Marine debris in the aquatic environment and its impacts on marine life are widespread, both geographically and taxonomically (Laist 1997, Gregory 2009, Gall & Thompson 2015), becoming such a threat, that the United States Congress passed the ‘Marine Debris Research, Prevention, and Reduction Act’ (33 USC 1951 et seq.) in 2006, designed specifically to empower the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and the US Coast Guard to, in part, ‘help identify, determine sources of, as sess, reduce, and prevent marine debris and its adverse impacts on the marine environment. ’ The Act recognized that by-catch in active or ‘ghost’ (lost or unattended) fishing gear is a serious threat to many species (see Read et al. 2006, Macfadyen et al. 2009, Arthur et al. 2014) and that marine debris, in general, poses a significant threat to marine species and habitats. Impacts on cetaceans are well docu-
Hyperbolic metamaterials: Nonlocal response regularizes broadband supersingularity

DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering,Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark(Dated: November 19, 2012)We study metamaterials known as hyperbolic media that in the usual local-response approxima-tion exhibit hyperbolic dispersion and an associated broadband singularity in the density of states.Instead, from the more microscopic hydrodynamic Drude theory we derive qualitatively diﬀerentoptical properties of these metamaterials, due to the free-electron nonlocal optical response of theirmetal constituents. We demonstrate that nonlocal response gives rise to a large-wavevector cutoﬀin the dispersion that is inversely proportional to the Fermi velocity of the electron gas, but also forsmall wavevectors we ﬁnd diﬀerences for the hyperbolic dispersion. Moreover, the size of the unitcell inﬂuences eﬀective parameters of the metamaterial even in the deep sub-wavelength regime.Finally, instead of the broadband super-singularity in the local density of states, we predict a largebut ﬁnite maximal enhancement proportional to the inverse cube of the Fermi velocity.
The Era of the U.S.-Europe Labor Market Divide: What Can We Learn?

Comparing labor markets in the United States and Germany as Europe’s largest economy over the period from 1980−2004 uncovers three stylized differences: (1) Germany’s mean transition rates from unemployment to employment (UE) were lower by a factor of 5 and transition rates from employment to unemployment (EU) were lower by a factor of 4. (2) The volatility of the UE rate was equal in both countries, but the EU rate was 2.3 times more volatile in Germany. (3) In Germany EU flows contributed 60−70% to unemployment volatility, whereas in the U.S. they contributed only 30−40%. Using a search and matching model we show theoretically that the joint analysis of first and second moments offers general identification restrictions on the underlying causes for these differences. We find that a lower efficiency in the matching process can consistently explain the facts while alternative explanations such as employment protection, the benefit system, union power, or rigid earnings can not. We document that a lower matching efficiency due to lower occupational and regional mobility in Germany finds strong support in the data. Finally, we show that the highlighted matching friction leads in the model calibrated to the German economy to a substantial amplification and propagation of shocks.
ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF SUBARCTIC SCOTS PINE TO ULTRAVIOLET ( UV ) RADIATION

The focus of our fi eld studies in the subarctic of Finnish Lapland from 1997 onwards has been to investigate the effect of solar UV radiation on the ecophysiology of Scots pine. Our studies have indicated that solar UV-BBE exclusion during 1997−2002 caused transient effects on the growth of both Scots pine seedlings and saplings, which may not be related to changes in Photosystem II effi ciency, however. Studies of the phylloplane fungi of Scots pine needles showed that Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud and Cladosporium sp. populations were found to decrease, and Phoma sp. to increase, with UV exposure, but there was no UV effect found for total populations. It was also shown that both UV-B radiation and increasing temperature enhance the nitrate reductase (NR) activity of Scots pine needles. On the other hand, our earlier studies have shown that the defence mechanisms (increase in the concentration of soluble phenolics, thickening of the epiand hypodermal cell layers) of the Scots pine were functioning against ambient solar UV radiation. The daily UV dose rates during 1997−2002 were not very high and in our experiments, the exposure periods of three growing seasons were probably not long enough to cause greater effects that may be cumulative in nature and occur only after longer experimental periods.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF TOBACCO DEPENDENCE. EFFICACY, BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES

OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (USDHHS, 2014). It is estimated that tobacco consumption is responsible for 5,000,000 deaths annually, a figure that could double by the year 2030 (WHO, 2009). Today tobacco accounts for 27% of all deaths in men and 6% of all deaths in women in Europe (Martín-Moreno, Soerjomataram & Magnusson, 2008) (see Table 1). In Spain, the mortality attributable to tobacco consumption is very high, at 58,573 deaths per year, representing 16.15% of all deaths (Hernández-García, Sáenz-González & González-Celador, 2010). Furthermore, tobacco consumption is associated with the production of 35 diseases (Doll, Peto, Boreham & Sutherland, 2004). In Spain, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the pathologies most strongly associated with mortality in smokers (Hernández-García et al., 2010). Why does this happen? It is mainly due to the large amount of harmful substances –some 4,000– that tobacco contains. Of these, at least 250 are damaging to health (e.g., carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, nitrogen oxide, arsenic, cadmium, etc.) and more than 50 cause cancer. It is therefore not surprising that tobacco can cause lung THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF TOBACCO DEPENDENCE. EFFICACY, BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES
CO-dark gas and molecular filaments in Milky Way-type galaxies - II. The temperature distribution of the gas

We investigate the temperature distribution of CO-dark molecular hydrogen (H2) in a series of disk galaxies simulated using the AREPO moving-mesh code. In conditions similar to those in the Milky Way, we find that H2 has a flat temperature distribution ranging from 10 - 100 K. At $T 30$ K, the H2 fraction spans a broader range and the CO content is small, allowing us to classify gas in these two regimes as CO-bright and CO-dark, respectively. The mean sound speed in the CO-dark H2 is 0.64 km/s, significantly lower than the value in the cold atomic gas (1.15 km/s), implying that the CO-dark molecular phase is more susceptible to turbulent compression and gravitational collapse than its atomic counterpart. We further show that the temperature of the CO-dark H2 is highly sensitive to the strength of the interstellar radiation field, but that conditions in the CO-bright H2 remain largely unchanged. Finally, we examine the usefulness of the [CII] and [OI] fine structure lines as tracers of the CO-dark gas. We show that in Milky Way-like conditions, diffuse [CII] emission from this gas should be detectable. However, it is a problematic tracer of this gas, as there is only a weak correlation between the brightness of the emission and the H2 surface density. The situation is even worse for the [OI] line, which shows no correlation with the H2 surface density.
Product Innovation Tool Adoption Behaviour in Technology-based New Ventures

Despite the attention it gives to innovation tools, the product innovation literature does not address the behavioural motivation behind practitioners' adoption of particular tools, or relate this to new venture development. This paper focuses on technology-based new ventures executing their first projects and presents insights into how their innovation tool adoption evolves over time. The paper synthesises case study findings into a hierarchy of tool adoption states encapsulating how new venture teams started with an exclusive focus on effectiveness, and over time progressively attended to problem solving, efficiency, and finally resource management. They often progressed to the next state only in response to costly mistakes and delays, whereas the experienced team in our comparison well-established firm operated within all four states from project initiation. Knowledge of this hierarchy of tool adoption states could help new venture teams to optimise the time they invest in product innovation tools.
A Distributional Analysis of Displacement Costs in an Economic Depression and Recovery

We study the earnings losses of Finnish private sector workers who lost their jobs at two very different points in the business cycle. The first group was displaced in 1992 (depression period) and the second one in 1997 (recovery period). The focal point of the analysis is the quantile displacement effect, the change in the earnings distribution due to involuntary job separation. We use mass layoffs and plant closures to identify groups of workers who were displaced from exogenous causes. The effect of displacement is strongest at the lower end of the earnings distribution, and small or negligible at the upper end. Women and those displaced during the depression period are subject to larger earnings losses.
Comparative evaluation of intrathecal administration of newer local anaesthetic agents Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine with Bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower limb surgery

This study aimed to detect if intrathecal (i.t.) ropivacaine and levobupivacaine provided anaesthesia (satisfactory analgesia and muscular relaxation) and postoperative analgesia of similar quality to bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries. 75 patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following isobaric intrathecal (i.t.) solutions: bupivacaine 15 mg (n=25), levobupivacaine 15 mg (n=25), or ropivacaine 15 mg (n=25). An i.t. solution was considered effective if an upper sensory level to pinprick of T6 or above was achieved and if intraoperative supplementation was not required. Sensory, motor and hemodynamic changes were recorded. Anaesthesia was effective in 100, 96, and 96% of patients in the bupivacaine 15 mg, levobupivacaine 15 mg, and ropivacaine 15 mg groups, respectively. Bupivacaine and levobupivacaine 15 mg were associated with a significantly superior success rate to that observed in the ropivacaine group (P<0.05). They also provided a longer duration of analgesia and motor block (P<0.05) vs levobupivacaine and ropivacaine). The levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are an interesting alternative to racemic bupivacaine.