Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression in perinatally HIV-infected pregnant women compared to non-perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women

ABSTRACT “Depression (as noted in chart by a physician)” was compared between HIV infected pregnant women and controls. Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV), non-perinatally HIV-infected (NPHIV), and HIV-uninfected (HIV-U) pregnant women were all compared using a logistic regression model. Overall, HIV-infected women had higher rates of depression than HIV-U, with PHIV women demonstrating a clinically and statistically significant increased risk compared to HIV-U women [adjusted OR: 15.9, 95% CI = 1.8–143.8]. Future studies in larger populations are warranted to confirm these findings and further elucidate mental health outcomes of PHIV and NPHIV pregnant women.
Do Enhanced Index Funds Truly Have Enhanced Performance? Evidence from the Chinese Market

ABSTRACT The index fund market has grown dramatically in China, particularly for active index funds known as enhanced index funds (EIFs). This article is the first to thoroughly exam the performance of EIFs in the Chinese market. Our analysis shows that EIFs in China perform worse than their benchmarks. We note that EIF managers are good market timers when the market does not move significantly. The underperformance of EIFs is primarily attributed to a fund manager’s stock-picking ability; former managing experience is also a factor. Our results suggest that passive index funds are better choices than active funds for fund investments in the Chinese market.
Interplay between trust, information privacy concerns and behavioural intention of users on online social networks

ABSTRACT Trust and privacy features of websites have evolved as an important concern for any businesses or interactions, particularly in online networks. The study investigates the relationship between trust, privacy concerns and behavioural intention of users on the social network. The behavioural intention of users on the online social network (OSN) is captured by intention to disclose information and intention to interact with others in OSN. The study was conducted on a sample of 457 active users from one of the major social networking website, Facebook. Partial least squares based structural equation modelling was used for analysing the results. The findings of the study reveal that intention to disclose information mediates the relationship between trust in the website and the intention to interact with others. Another important finding of the study indicates that prior positive experience with the website significantly impacts the trust in website, and the trust in website also plays a crucial role while determining the information privacy concerns in the OSN.
The Impact of Economy-Wide Sentiment on Analysts’ Research Activities

In this article, we examine how economy-wide sentiment, measured with the University of Michigan’s Consumer Sentiment Index, affects analysts’ research activities. Using a firm-fixed effects design, we find that consumer sentiment, especially the component related to economic fundamentals, is negatively associated with analysts’ frequency of issuing research reports, but is positively associated with the precision of analysts’ idiosyncratic information, our proxy for analysts’ engagement in private information discovery. The evidence is more pronounced for firms with larger total assets, higher return on assets, better market performance, lower stock return volatility, and higher institutional ownership. We further document that analyst reports are more informative when consumer sentiment is higher. Taken together, our findings suggest that analysts respond to higher consumer sentiment by allocating more effort to private information discovery, which enhances the informativeness of their reports to investors. Our research reveals the impact of sentiment, a macrolevel factor, on analysts’ research activities, and it enriches the knowledge of analysts’ decision processes.
The surprising health benefits of papaya seeds: A review

The study mainly focused on the secret behind the papaya seed against cancer. Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) is well known for its exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties throughout the world. The whole plant including its fruit, leaves, seed, root, bark, juice and latex obtain from papaya plant used as nutritionally, medicinally and for various other purposes. A papaya in vitro study shows that it will treat many cancer cell line and papaya physiochemical having anticancer activities. Papaya is rich in enzyme papain which is effective against cancer. Papain breaks down the fibrin cancer cell wall and protein into amino acid form. Other than papain it also contain lycopene which highly reactive towards oxygen and free radical. Isothiocyanate contained in papaya seed, work well for colon, breast, lung, leukemia and prostrate cancer. These enzymes capable of inhibiting both formation and development of cancer cell.
An Investigation of Relationships among School Counselors' Ethical Professional Identity Development, Moral Reasoning, and Attitudes toward Confidentiality with Minors.

xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 2 Statement of the Problem 2 Development of an Ethical Professional Identity 2 Ethical Professional Identity Development in Counseling 5 Challenges for School Counselors 9 Theoretical Rationale 1 Justification of a Cognitive Developmental Framework 11 Justification for the Study 13 Purpose of the Study 14 Definition of Terms 14 General Hypotheses 15 Sample Description and Data Collection Procedures 16 Limitations 17 Summary 19 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF CURENT LITERATURE 20 Kegan’s Theory of Constructivist Self-Development 20 Constructivist Self-Development and Moral Development 23 Neo-Kohlbergian Approach 26 Kegan, Rest and the Professions 30 Cognitive Development and School Counselors 38 Challenges to School Counselor Ethical Professional Identity 40 Ethical Practice with Minors in the School Setting 43 Confidentiality 46 Conclusions and Implications 48 Overview of Research and Conclusions 48 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 50 Introduction 50 Population and Sample 50 Data Collection 51 Method 51 Instrumentation 52 Informed Consent 52 Demographic Questionnaire 52 Kegan’s Subject-Object Interview 53 Defining Issues Test-2 (DIT-2) 54 Revised Ethical Dilemmas in Reporting Student Risk-Taking Behavior 55
Electrolyte Changes Following Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is the commonest abnormal physical finding during the first week of life. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is the most common cause for readmission during the early neonatal period and is a cause of concern for the parents as well as for the pediatricians. Hence appropriate management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia is of paramount importance. Phototherapy plays a significant role in prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. However, this treatment modality may itself result in inherent complications. Objective: To evaluate the electrolyte changes in neonates receiving phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Method: A prospective hospital based observational comparative study conducted on 252 eligible neonates admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit receiving phototherapy at a teaching Hospital from December 1st 2012 to May 31st 2014. A predesigned proforma has aided the enrollment of newborns into the study according to AAP guidelines. Serum bilirubin and electrolytes were determined before and after termination of phototherapy. The first samples were considered as controls. A comparative study was made between before and after phototherapy groups to determine the incidence of electrolyte changes. Results: The study group included 252 neonates that were managed with phototherapy. Male: Female ratio was 1.45:1. Incidence of low birth weight babies was 23% and preterm was 20.2%. Mean birth weight and gestational age was 2.84±0.51 kg and 38.44±1.98 weeks respectively. Mean duration of phototherapy was 37.65±11.06hrs. The incidence of hypocalcemia post phototherapy found to be 13.1% (p=0.013) which was more in LBW babies (36.2%, p<0.001) and preterm neonates (41.2%, p<0.001) than in normal weight babies (6.2%) and term neonates (6.2%) and 18.8% when duration of phototherapy was >48hrs (p<0.001). The incidence of hyponatremia post phototherapy found to be 6% which was more in LBW babies (17.2%, p<0.001) and preterm neonates (17.6%, p<0.001) than in normal weight babies (2.6%) and term neonates (3.1%) and 17.4% when duration of phototherapy was >48hrs (p<0.001). Even the decline in mean serum calcium and sodium values found to be statistically significant. None of the hypocalcemic neonates were symptomatic clinically. The incidence of potassium and chloride changes following phototherapy was found to be non-significant irrespective of gestational age, birth weight and duration of phototherapy. Conclusion: The study shows that neonates undergoing phototherapy are at a higher risk of electrolyte changes. This risk is greater in premature and LBW babies and hence this group of babies should be closely monitored for changes in electrolytes and should be managed accordingly.
Venture Capital Investments in Europe and Portfolio Firms' Economic Performance: Independent versus Corporate Investors

Using a new European Commission-sponsored longitudinal dataset – the VICO dataset – we assess the impact of independent (IVC) and corporate venture capital (CVC) investments on the economic performance of European high-tech entrepreneurial firms during the period 1992-2010. After controlling for potential sources of endogeneity and selection bias, our results indicate that both IVC and CVC investments boost portfolio firms' economic performance. These effects are mostly due to an increase in real sales value. Moreover, the dynamics of the impact of VC investments on firms’ overall economic performance and its components – real sales value, real fixed assets, and real labor costs – differs depending on the type of investor. Finally, we do not detect any impact related to the syndication of investments by both IVC and CVC investors.
Temporal analysis of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) parameters to detect changes in the Iberian land cover between 1981 and 2001

In past decades, the Iberian Peninsula has been shown to have suffered vegetation changes such as desertification and reforestation. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) parameters, estimated from data acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite series, are particularly adapted to assess these changes. This work presents an application of the yearly land-cover dynamics (YLCD) methodology to analyse the behaviour of the vegetation, which consists of a combined multitemporal study of the NDVI and LST parameters on a yearly basis. Throughout the 1981–2001 period, trend analysis of the YLCD parameters emphasizes the areas that have endured the greatest changes in their vegetation. This result is corroborated by results from previous studies.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Youth Club Athletes Toward Sport Specialization and Sport Participation

Background: There are a variety of proposed motivations for sport specialization, such as improving sport skills to an elite level, making all-star or travel teams, or receiving a scholarship or professional contract. However, there has not been a quantitative examination of the attitudes and beliefs that may be contributing to the trend of sport specialization and year-round sport participation. Purpose: The primary aim was to describe the attitudes and beliefs of youth club sport athletes regarding sport specialization and sport participation. A secondary objective was to investigate whether an association exists between the level of sport specialization and the belief in receiving a college scholarship. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 974 youth athletes (578 female; mean age, 14.2 ± 1.6 years) completed an anonymous questionnaire that focused on attitudes and beliefs toward sport specialization and sport participation. Questions were developed utilizing the feedback of a panel of content area experts and the University of Wisconsin Survey Center. Data were summarized using frequencies, proportions (%), and means ± SDs. Results: Fewer than half of all athletes (45.8%) believed that specialization increased their chances of getting injured either “quite a bit” or “a great deal. ” However, 91% of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of getting better at their sport either “quite a bit” or “a great deal. ” Similarly, the majority of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of making their high school team (80.9%) or a college team (66.9%) either “quite a bit” or “a great deal. ” Overall, 15.7% of athletes believed that they were either “very” or “extremely” likely to receive a college scholarship based on athletic performance. Highly specialized athletes were nearly twice as likely to have a high belief in receiving a college scholarship compared with low-specialization athletes (20.2% vs 10.2%, respectively; χ2 = 18.8; P = .001). Conclusion: Most youth athletes in this study believe that specialization increases their sport performance and ability to make not only a college team but also their high school team. Highly specialized athletes were more likely to believe that they will receive a college scholarship.
Particle Swarm Optimization for Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem

The split delivery vehicle routing problem (SDVRP) is a variation of the capacitated vehicle routing problem in which some customers may be served by more than one vehicle. We have proposed a particle swarm optimization approach that incorporates a local search to solve the SDVRP. An integer coding method was presented, and a decoding method based on Bellman’s equation was modified for the SDVRP. A way to address the differences in the length of the velocity vector, the position vector, the personal best position vector, the local best position vector and the global best position vector was designed. Two groups of local searches for top solutions were incorporated into the algorithm, with the ability to control whether they are executed on a given solution. The algorithm was initially tested using the modified Solomon’s instances to verify the parameters used, including the local search probability, the size of the swarm, the velocity equation and the length of the vectors. Extensive computational experiments were carried out on 131 benchmark instances available in the literature. The results obtained were competitive. More precisely, equally good solutions were found in 32 instances, and improved solutions were found in 35 instances, with an average improvement of 0.02% and a maximum improvement of 1.12%.
Speech Perception as a Function of Electrical Stimulation Rate: Using the Nucleus 24 Cochlear Implant System

Objective To investigate the effect of varying electrical stimulation rate on speech comprehension by cochlear implant users, while keeping the number of stimulated channels constant. Design Three average rates of electrical stimulation, 250, 807, and 1615 pulses per second per channel (pps/ch), were compared using a speech processing strategy that employed an electrode selection technique similar to that used in the Spectral Ma-ima Sound Processor strategy (McDermott, McKay, & Vandali, 1992; McDermott & Vandali, Reference Note 1; McKay, McDermott, Vandali, & Clark, 1991) and the Spectral Peak strategy (Skinner et al., 1994; Whitford et al., 1995). Speech perception tests with five users of the Nucleus 24 cochlear implant system were conducted over a 21-wk period. Subjects were given take-home experience with each rate condition. A repeated ABC evaluation protocol with alternating order was employed so as to account for learning effects and to minimize order effects. Perception of open-set monosyllabic words in quiet and open-set sentences at signal to noise ratios ranging from +20 to 0 dB, depending on the subject’s ability, were tested. A comparative performance questionnaire was also administered. Results No statistical differences in group performance between the 250 and 807 pps/ch rates were observed in any of the speech perception tests. However, significantly poorer group performance was observed for the 1615 pps/ch rate for some tests due predominantly to the results of one subject. Analysis of individual scores showed considerable variation across subjects. For some subjects, one or more of the three rate conditions evaluated provided benefits on some speech perception tasks. The results of the comparative performance questionnaire indicated a preference for the 250 and 807 pps/ch rates over the 1615 pps/ch rate for most listening situations. Conclusions For the speech processing strategy, implant system, and subjects evaluated in this study, the group results indicated that the use of electrical stimulation rates higher than 250 pps/ch (up to 1615 pps/ch) generally provided no significant improvement to speech comprehension. However, individual results indicated that perceptual benefits could be obtained by adjusting rate of stimulation optimally to suit each subject. Results from one subject, together with tinnitus problems arising from high-rate stimulation for another subject, indicated that high rates of stimulation may in fact be undesirable for some subjects.
Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Substance Abuse and Depression: A Three Arm Randomized Trial in Mexico

ABSTRACT Background: Web-based cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce substance use can be a useful low-cost treatment for a large number of people, and an attractive option in countries where a greater availability of treatment is needed. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and initial effectiveness of a web-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for the reduction of substance use and depression compared with treatment as usual, with and without a printed self-help manual. Method: Individuals seeking outpatient treatment for substance use were randomly assigned to one of the following: (1) the web-based Help Program for Drug Abuse and Depression (n = 23); (2) an in-person session with an addiction therapist and use of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test Self-Help Strategies guide, followed by treatment as usual (n = 25), or (3) treatment ordinarily offered in the participating treatment centers (n = 26). The study took place in 2013–2014 (trial registration: ISRCTN25429892), and participants completed baseline, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up evaluation interviews. Results: Treatment retention and data availability were comparable in all three conditions. A reduction was observed from baseline to follow-up in average days of use [F(1,28) = 29.70, p < 0.001], severity of use [F(2,28) = 143.66, p < 0.001], and depressive symptomatology [F = (4)16.40, p < 0.001], independent of the type of treatment provided. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the web-based intervention to reduce substance abuse is feasible, although it is not more effective than other intervention modalities; its effectiveness must be evaluated in a larger sample. Attrition was a main limitation; future studies must improve retention and assess cost-effectiveness.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Cooperative Full-Duplex D2D Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks

This paper investigates the cooperative full-duplex device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying a cellular network, where the cellular user (CU) acts as a full-duplex relay to assist the D2D communication. To simultaneously support D2D relaying and uplink transmission, superposition coding and successive interference cancellation are adopted at the CU and the D2D receiver, respectively. The achievable rate region and joint outage probability are derived to characterize the performance of the considered system. In consideration of the fairness between the cellular uplink and the D2D link, an optimal power allocation scheme is proposed to maximize the minimum achievable rate of them. Besides, by analyzing the upper bound of the joint outage probability, we study a suboptimal power allocation to improve the outage performance. The simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis and the advantages of the proposed power allocation schemes.
Simulating solid lung nodules in MDCT images for CAD evaluation: modeling, validation, and applications

A new lung nodule simulation model was designed to create and insert synthetic solid lung nodules, with shapes and density similar to real nodules, into normal MDCT chest exams. Nodule shapes were modeled using linearly deformed superquadrics with added randomly generated high dimensional deformations. Nodule density statistics and attenuation profiles were extracted from a group of real nodule samples, by dissecting each real nodule digitally layer by layer from the border to the core. A nodule created with modeled shape and density was inserted into real CT images by creating volume average layers using weighted averaging between nodule density and background density for each voxel. The nodule simulation model was validated both subjectively by human experts and quantitatively by comparing density attenuation profiles of simulated nodules with real nodules. These validation studies demonstrated a high level of similarity between the synthetic nodules and real nodules. This nodule simulation model was used to create objective test databases for use in evaluating a CAD system. The evaluation study showed that the CAD system was accurate in detection and volume measurement for isolated nodules, and also performed relatively well for juxta-vascular nodules. The CAD system also demonstrated stable performances for different dosages.