Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of diabetes mellitus and admission hyperglycemia on outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for stroke, which is associated with unfavorable outcome after acute ischemic stroke ( A I S ) and disability. The potential harmful effect of DM, and the role and importance of blood glucose (BG) at admission are currently unclear for clinical outcome after АI S . Aim of this study is to look for correlations between the presence of DM and the initial level of BG and the clinical outcome after an intravenous thrombolysis ( IV T) in patients with acute A I S . Material and methods. IV T with Astyli se© has been conducted to 170 patients with A I S for the period 09.2011- 09.2015, from which 20% (n = 34) are with DM, 80% without DM (n = 136). According to the values of the BG at admission they have been divided into three groups: I group- (n = 34) 8,1 mmol/l. Results With mRs (0-2) at 3 months are 60.2% of patients without DM and 40% respectively, p= 0,05(OR-1,5, 95% CI 0,91-2,49). With mRs (0-1) are 35% and 24% respectively (p= 0.196). The probability of this outcome is 1.47 times higher in those without DM (OR 1,47, 95% CI: 0,7-3,09). Mortality about the third month is 20% in patients with DM and 8.8% in those without DM, p 0.05); With mRs (0-1) are respectively 38.2%, 32.3% and 30.8% (p> 0.05). Mortality is 15.4% in the III group compared to 9.2% in the II and 8.8% in the I (p> 0.05). With mRs ( 3-5 ) are 38.4% of the III group and 26.5% in the I (p> 0.05). Conclusion. Patients with DM have significantly higher mortality and lack of favorable functional outcome at third month compared to those without DM, which can not be explained by the presence of I C H. The initial HG not significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcome, but she quickly identify patients with an increased risk of such an outcome in which blood sugar levels should be closely monitored.
Economic valuation and mapping of Ecosystem Services in the context of protected area management (Natural Park of Serra de São Mamede, Portugal)

Demonstrating economic benefits generated by protected areas is often pointed out as pivotal for supporting decision-making. We argue in this paper that the concept of ecosystem services (ES), defined as the benefits humans derive from ecosystems, provides a consistent framework to approach this issue as it links ecosystem functioning and benefits, including benefits with economic value. This study aimed at providing evidence on how to bring the economic value of protected areas to the decision-making process and contributing to extend current EU Member States' experience in mapping and assessing the economic value of ES in the context of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 (Action 5). In doing so, we used the Natural Park of Serra de S. Mamede (PNSSM), located in the Alentejo NUTS II region, as a case study. We followed a three-step approach to pursue our goals, entailing stakeholders' engagement for selecting relevant ES (through a participatory workshop), biophysical mapping of ES flows (based on a multi-tiered approach depending on data availability) and spatial economic estimation of such flows (using value transfer, willingness-to-pay and market price methods). Our results indicate that the ES with highest economic value are not always the ones with higher perceived value by stakeholders. For most ES, the economic value increased with increasing protection level within the park, except for the crop production service. Although no formal uncertainty or sensitivity analysis has been performed, the following range is based on a critical assessment of non-primary data used. We estimated the aggregate annual value of PNSSM to be 11 to 33M€/year (representing 0.1 to 0.3% of the regional NUTSII Alentejo Gross Domestic Product). Our findings reinforce the need to adopt mixes of monetary and non-monetary valuation processes and not to rely just on one approach or measure of value while bringing ES into protected areas management.
DEPTH OF CLOSURE DETERMINATION IN THE VICINITY OF COASTAL STRUCTURE

This study is conducted to analyze the effect of coastal structure to depth of closure variation. Analysis on time series bathymetry data has been applied to determine location of depth of closure. The deviation of bathymetry profile changing is also considered. Furthermore, longshore variation of depth of closure is proposed. The hydrodynamic conditions are simulated using Boussinesq model derived by Peregrine (1967). This model is applied considering its applicability to observe non-linear and dispersion phenomenon while wave propagates to the shoreline. The simulation is carried out under regular wave assumption with 20% wave height in deep area is applied as representative wave. The simulation results are obtained in term of surface water level, bottom velocity in x and y direction and current velocity. The result is utilized to calculate maximum bottom velocity just outside boundary layer. To observe sediment movement along the coast, maximum shear stress is calculated under wave-current combined motion. Dimensionless Shields parameter is also assessed. The simulation results are depicted in spatial map. Furthermore, the effect of coastal structure to depth of closure variation is confirmed using hydrodynamic conditions.
DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELING OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES AND FAILURE MODES OF QH-E LUNAR SOIL SIMULANT AT LOW CONFINING STRESSES

In this paper, discrete element method (DEM) is used to investigate the strength properties and failure modes of QH-E lunar soil simulant at the low confining stress. The deviator stress-axial strain curves and volumetric strain-axial strain curves are obtained based on DEM simulations, which are basically consistent with the experimental results at the low confining stresses, and the lower confining stress is, the closer to the experimental curves will obtain. Moreover, for a given low confining stress, the effects of porosity and friction coefficient on strength properties of QH-E samples are discussed. The results show that the peak stress, residual stress and axial strain corresponding to the peak stress obviously decrease with the increase of the porosity, while slightly increase with the increase of the friction coefficient. Furthermore, the whole failure processes and failure modes at different low confining stresses are also observed by DEM simulations. The simulated results indicate that the V-type shear zone (double shear bands) is the main failure mode at the low confining stress, and then the V-type shear zone gradually changes to a single shear band (along the horizontal direction about 52) with the increase of the confining stress.
MODELLING CATCH AND EFFORT DATA USING GENERALISED LINEAR MODELS, THE TWEEDIE DISTRIBUTION, RANDOM VESSEL EFFECTS AND RANDOM STRATUM-BY-YEAR EFFECTS

The current standard method for modelling catch and effort data for Patagonian toothfi sh (Dissostichus eleginoides) for CCAMLR areas is to model the haul-by-haul ratios of catch to effort as the response variable in a generalised linear model (GLM) with a square-root link function and a unit variance function. A time series of standardised CPUE estimates and their precision can be obtained from the ‘fi shing year’ parameter estimates together with ‘baseline’ parameter estimates, their variance–covariance matrix, and the inverse-link function. An alternative GLM with a more rigorous theoretical basis is introduced here. Catch is modelled as the response variable using a GLM with a power variance function, with the power parameter (λ) estimated using a profi le extended quasi-likelihood, and a log link function with log of effort as an offset. For 1 < λ < 2 this model is equivalent to assuming a compound Poisson-gamma distribution (i.e. Tweedie distribution) for catch that, unlike lognormal or gamma distributions, admits zero values. In addition, random vessel effects are introduced into the GLM, as specifi ed by a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM), in order to provide more effi cient estimates of the standardised CPUE time series and more realistic estimates of their precision. Extra effi ciency is gained by recovery of inter-vessel information as a result of the imbalance in the number of hauls in the year-by-vessel cross-classifi cation. Further, the inclusion of an area stratum by fi year interaction as an additional random effect in the GLMM is investigated. Fitting the stratum-by-year interaction as a fi xed effect is problematic since it requires weighting of the individual stratum estimates by the areal extent of the stratum in order to obtain overall yearly standardised catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) estimates. Without stratifi ed random sampling, the determination of stratum areas that will give unbiased standardised CPUE estimates may be diffi cult. Fitting the stratum-by-year interaction as a random effect avoids this diffi culty, and diagnostic methods to evaluate the validity of considering this interaction as random are described.
Delving into the Boardroom "Black Box": A Research Model of "Board Learning Capability" (BLC)

This paper aims to shed light into boardroom processes by bringing together the literature on organization behaviour and that of boardroom process in order to form a model of boardroom learning capability. Board process is viewed as primarily a learning process whereby individual members with their knowledge, skills and external networks engage in a collective learning process that culminates in a “shared understanding” about the problems and respective solutions and increased “board social capital”. It can be argued that boards that do better at this “collective learning process” will display greater effectiveness and ultimately better firm performance. In learning organisation’s terms, one can speak of “board learning capability” (BLC). The chairman of the board has a pivotal role in facilitating and mastering the collective learning process in the boardroom. Central to our model are the interplay between the “chairman role and skill set” and the “board learning challenges”. Building on research literature that focuses on learning organisations and on boardroom processes, we propose a model of “board learning capability” (BLC), which could shed additional light on the boardroom process dynamics. In the future, an organisation could develop a “board’s learning capability” measure to complement “good governance” indices which rely heavily on structure and composition proxies, despite limited empirical evidence. Empirical testing of the model can be of value for boardroom development and for risk and reputational concern minimization by uncovering differences in “boardroom learning capability” in different governance domains.
Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Web-Based Investor Relations Activities: an Empirical Examination on Companies Listed in Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange

This study seeks to examine the relationship between Corporate Governance mechanisms and corporate web-based investor relations reporting practices of companies listed in Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange (ADX). The study draws a sample of 56 companies listed in ADX and conducted a content analysis on their websites to assess the level to which investor relations information are disclosed. Results of the content analysis showed that all companies included in the sample have a corporate websites and more than 50% disclose information related to investor relations. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to find the relationship between 4 independent variables reflecting corporate governance mechanisms (Government ownership, Institutional ownership, Board independence, and Audit committee financial expertise) and Web-based investor relations disclosures. The results showed a significant positive relationship between Ownership structure (Government and Institutional) and Audit committee financial expertise and the degree to which companies disclose IR information on their websites. This indicates that strong corporate governance mechanisms are influencing and motivating companies to enhance and improve their disclosure activities by using a new medium (i.e. the internet) and therefore increasing the transparency and information availability to the stock market participants in emerging economies such as the UAE. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Investor Relations, Internet Financial Reporting, Voluntary Disclosures
Community metabolism and energy transfer in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maximum

In an effort to identify the key mechanisms controlling biological productivity and food web structure in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM), we measured plankton community metabolism on a series of surveys in the upper Chesapeake Bay during the winter and spring of 2007 and 2008. Measured quantities included primary production, bacterial production, planktonic community respiration, and algal pigment concentrations. These measurements revealed a classic minimum in photosynthesis in the vicinity of the ETM. Temporal variability in plankton community metabolism, primary production, respiration, and bacterial production, were highest in the southern oligohaline region down-estuary of the ETM, and appeared to be driven by dynamic bio-physical interactions. Elevated primary production and community respiration in this region were often associated with the presence of mixotrophic dinoflagellates. The dinoflagellate contribution to primary production and respiration appeared to be particularly large as a result of their mixotrophic capabilities, which allow them to obtain energy both autotrophically and heterotrophically. This study suggests that mixotrophic dinoflagellates play a key role in pelagic food web in the oligohaline region of Chesapeake Bay supplying most of the labile organic matter during late winter and spring and also providing a vector for transferring microbial production to mesozooplankton.
Nest distribution and nesting habits of Xylocopa ordinaria Smith (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a restinga area in the northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

This paper aims to study the distribution of natural nests of Xylocopa ordinaria and characterize its nesting habits in the restinga of Grussai/Iquipari (RJ), supporting future studies on the pollinators management in the northern Rio de Janeiro state. The data obtained from Aug/2003 to Dec/2004, in an area of 11.6ha, were related to the nest distribution, substrate identification and dimensions, emergence, sex ratio, nest structure (n= 23 nests) and pollen content analysis of provisioning masses and feces. X. ordinaria nests were abundant and presented a clustered distribution. These bees do not present taxonomical affinity for nesting substrates, but preferences for wood availability and characteristics, being Pera glabrata the main substrate. X. ordinaria is a multivoltine species that tolerates co-specifics in their nests. These bees were generalist on their nectar and pollen consumption, but presented floral constancy while provisioning brood cells. These behaviors, activity along the year, flights throughout the day, and legitimate visits to flowers indicate the importance of X. ordinaria on the pollination of plants in the restinga.
DETRITAL PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS IN RIVERS DRAINING THE GREAT DYKE, ZIMBABWE

The present work focuses on the description of the assemblage of detrital platinum-group minerals (PGM) found in rivers draining the Great Dyke. This PGM assemblage distinctly contrasts with the suite of PGM in the pristine, sulfide-bearing Main Sulfide Zone (MSZ) of the Great Dyke, the assumed source of the detrital PGM. Specifically, PGE-bismuthotellurides and -sulfarsenides, common in the MSZ ores, and PGE-oxides or -hydroxides present in the oxidized MSZ, are missing in the assemblage of detrital PGM in the fluvial environment. Instead, conspicuously high proportions of grains of Pt-Fe alloy are common in the sediments, followed by sperrylite, cooperite, braggite, laurite, rare Pd-Sb-As compounds, and Os-Ir-Ru alloys. Possibly, some of the Pt-Fe alloy grains originate from the MSZ, but the majority appear to represent true neo-formations that formed in the course of weathering of the MSZ ores and concomitant supergene redistribution of the ore elements. Sperrylite, cooperite/braggite, and laurite appear to be direct descendants from the primary MSZ. Rare Pd-dominated minerals (Pd-Hg ± As and Pd-Sb ± As) are considered to be neo-formations that probably formed from dispersed elements during supergene processes. Os-Ir-Ru alloy grains, present in the samples from the Umtebekwe River in the Shurugwi area, possibly originate from the Archean chromitite deposits of the Shurugwi greenstone belt and not from the Great Dyke. Geochemically, the Pt/Pd proportions increase from pristine via oxidized MSZ ores to the fluviatile environment, corroborating earlier findings that Pd is more mobile than Pt and is dispersed in the supergene environment. Detrital PGM can be expected to be present in rivers draining PGE-bearing layered intrusions, and economic placers may form under particular sedimentological conditions. Therefore, the work also highlights the fact that simple field methods have their value in mineral exploration, especially if they are combined with modern micro-analytical methods. Furthermore, it is established that the PGE-bismu thotel lurides, PGE-sulfarsenides, and PGE-oxides, dominating the PGM assemblages in the pristine and oxidized MSZ, are components that are unstable during weathering and mechanical transport. Including the genetically somewhat disputed Pt-Fe alloys, the order of decreasing stability in the supergene environment is as follows: (1) Pt-Fe and Os-Ir-Ru alloys (very stable) → (2) sperrylite (stable) → (3) cooperite/braggite (variably stable/”metastable”) → (4) PGE-bismuthotellurides, PGE-sulfarsenides, and PGE-oxides (unstable).
Structural Break Detection in High-Dimensional Non-Stationary VAR models

Assuming stationarity is unrealistic in many time series applications. A more realistic alternative is to allow for piecewise stationarity, where the model is allowed to change at given time points. In this article, the problem of detecting the change points in a high-dimensional piecewise vector autoregressive model (VAR) is considered. Reformulated the problem as a high-dimensional variable selection, a penalized least square estimation using total variation LASSO penalty is proposed for estimation of model parameters. It is shown that the developed method over-estimates the number of change points. A backward selection criterion is thus proposed in conjunction with the penalized least square estimator to tackle this issue. We prove that the proposed two-stage procedure consistently detects the number of change points and their locations. A block coordinate descent algorithm is developed for efficient computation of model parameters. The performance of the method is illustrated using several simulation scenarios.
Distribution, movements and diet of macrocrustaceans on a Scottish sandy beach with particular reference to predation on juvenile fishes

Shrimp and crabs were sampled by beam trawl over tidal and diel cycles on a sandy beach on the west coast of Scotland in June and August. There were significant positive relationships between depth (0 to 5 m) and numbers of individuals and numbers of species caught. More species and individuals were caught at night than by day, but there was no evidence for the existence of distinct 'day' and 'night' communities. Differences in species composition and numbers caught reflected differences in the mgratory and burying behaviour of individual species. The macrocrustaceans found on this beach are omnivorous predators feeding on a wide range of prey species. Predation by them is one cause of mortality for the populations of juvenile fishes on the beach. Two species, the shrimp Crangon crangon and the shore crab Carcinus maenas, account for most of such predation by macrocrustaceans, which affects both round and flatfish juveniles in varying proportions at different times. In particular, the intensity of predation was generally greatest at night for both species.
How Do Stars Gain Their Mass? A JCMT/SCUBA-2 Transient Survey of Protostars in Nearby Star-forming Regions

Most protostars have luminosities that are fainter than expected from steady accretion over the protostellar lifetime. The solution to this problem may lie in episodic mass accretion—prolonged periods of very low accretion punctuated by short bursts of rapid accretion. However, the timescale and amplitude for variability at the protostellar phase is almost entirely unconstrained. In A James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/SCUBA-2 Transient Survey of Protostars in Nearby Star-forming Regions, we are monitoring monthly with SCUBA-2 the submillimeter emission in eight fields within nearby ( < 500 pc) star-forming regions to measure the accretion variability of protostars. The total survey area of ∼1.6 deg2 includes ∼105 peaks with peaks brighter than 0.5 Jy/beam (43 associated with embedded protostars or disks) and 237 peaks of 0.125–0.5 Jy/beam (50 with embedded protostars or disks). Each field has enough bright peaks for flux calibration relative to other peaks in the same field, which improves upon the nominal flux calibration uncertainties of submillimeter observations to reach a precision of ∼2%–3% rms, and also provides quantified confidence in any measured variability. The timescales and amplitudes of any submillimeter variation will then be converted into variations in accretion rate and subsequently used to infer the physical causes of the variability. This survey is the first dedicated survey for submillimeter variability and complements other transient surveys at optical and near-IR wavelengths, which are not sensitive to accretion variability of deeply embedded protostars.
Object Individuation or Object Movement as Attractor? A Replication of the Wide-Screen/Narrow-Screen Study by Means of (a) Standard Looking Time Methodology and (b) Eye Tracking

We report a replication experiment of a mechanized version of the seminal wide-screen/narrow-screen design of Wilcox and Baillargeon (1998) with 9.5-month-old infants (). Two different methodologies were employed simultaneously: (a) the standard looking time paradigm and (b) eye tracking. Across conditions with three different screen sizes, the results from both methodologies revealed a clear and interesting pattern: the looking times increased as a significantly linear function of reduced screen sizes, that is, independently of the number of different objects involved. There was no indication in the data that the infants made use of the featural differences between the different-looking objects involved. The results suggest a simple, novel, and thought-provoking interpretation of the infants’ looking behavior in the wide-screen/narrow-screen design: moving objects are attractors, and the more space left for visible object movement in the visual field, the longer are infants’ looks. Consequently, no cognitive interpretation may be needed.
Mechanisms of Arctic Surface Air Temperature Change in Response to the Madden–Julian Oscillation

AbstractUsing lagged composites and projections with the thermodynamic energy equation, in this study the mechanisms that drive the boreal winter Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) change associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are investigated. The Wheeler and Hendon MJO index, which divides the MJO into 8 phases, where phase 1 (phase 5) corresponds to reduced (enhanced) convection over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific Ocean, is used. It is shown that the more zonally localized (uniform) tropical convective heating associated with MJO phase 5 (phase 1) leads to enhanced (reduced) excitation of poleward-propagating Rossby waves, which contribute to Arctic warming (cooling). Adiabatic warming/cooling, eddy heat flux, and the subsequent change in downward infrared radiation (IR) flux are found to be important for the Arctic SAT change. The adiabatic warming/cooling initiates the Arctic SAT change, however, subsequent eddy heat flux makes a greater contribution. The resulting SAT chan.