Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
External genital human papillomavirus prevalence and associated factors among heterosexual men on 5 continents.

BACKGROUND We examined the baseline prevalence of penile, scrotal, and perineal/perianal human papillomavirus (HPV) in heterosexual men (HM). We also evaluated baseline characteristics of HM to assess factors associated with prevalent HPV detection. METHODS We tested serum samples from 3463 HM aged 16-24 years with 1-5 lifetime female sexual partners for antibodies to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18. We collected baseline swab specimens for the detection of DNA of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59 from 3 areas: penile, scrotal, and perineal/perianal. Risk factors for prevalent HPV DNA detection were evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of any tested HPV type was 18.7% at the penis, 13.1% at the scrotum, 7.9% at the perineal/perianal region, and 21.0% at any site. Having >3 lifetime female sexual partners had the greatest impact on HPV prevalence: odds ratio (OR) 3.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-4.9) for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18; and OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.3-6.1) for all HPV types tested. HPV DNA detection was highest in Africa. Neither condom usage nor circumcision was associated with HPV DNA prevalence. CONCLUSION Genital-HPV DNA detection is common in young, sexually active HM. We found HPV to be most prevalent in African men and least prevalent in men from the Asia-Pacific region. Increased numbers of sexual partners was an important risk factor for HPV DNA prevalence.
Selling Painful Yet Pleasurable Service Offerings

People consume service experiences that combine pleasure and pain (e.g., roller-coaster rides and massage therapy)—but the question of how to market such experiences is not well understood. To address this gap, the present research investigates consumer response to such service offerings as a function of (i) hedonic framing that emphasizes pain versus pleasure, (ii) promotion versus prevention concerns either chronically or situationally salient to consumers, and (iii) the presence versus absence of a service guarantee. Consumers with a prevention (vs. promotion) focus react more favorably to hedonic framing that emphasizes pleasure, whereas consumers with a promotion (vs. prevention) focus react more positively to hedonic framing that emphasizes pain due to differences in processing discomfort. In addition, a service guarantee is shown to bolster the reactions of prevention-focused consumers but undermine the reactions of promotion-focused consumers to a pain-framed (but not pleasure-framed) service offering. Together, these findings provide guidelines to service providers regarding how to fine-tune marketing strategies when promoting painful yet pleasurable experiences. For example, advertising should align hedonic framing with the consumer’s situationally salient regulatory concerns.
Multi-Objective Climb Path Optimization for Aircraft/Engine Integration Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this article, a new multi-objective approach to the aircraft climb path optimization problem, based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, is introduced to be used for aircraft–engine integration studies. This considers a combination of a simulation with a traditional Energy approach, which incorporates, among others, the use of a proposed path-tracking scheme for guidance in the Altitude–Mach plane. The adoption of population-based solver serves to simplify case setup, allowing for direct interfaces between the optimizer and aircraft/engine performance codes. A two-level optimization scheme is employed and is shown to improve search performance compared to the basic PSO algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in a hypothetic engine upgrade scenario for the F-4 aircraft considering the replacement of the aircraft’s J79 engine with the EJ200; a clear advantage of the EJ200-equipped configuration is unveiled, resulting, on average, in 15% faster climbs with 20% less fuel.
The efficiency of routine endotracheal aspirate cultures compared to bronchoalveolar lavage cultures in ventilator-associated pneumonia diagnosis

Objective: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in İntensive Care Units (ICUs) and its mortality rate varies from 24% to 50%. The most important factor in decreasing the mortality is administering adequate antibiotics as early as possible. In this study, we investigate the efficiency of routine endotracheal aspirate (EA) cultures to identify the etiology of VAP earlier. Materials and Methods: Fifty-nine patients who were accepted to our ICU with acute cerebrovascular disease with mechanical ventilation (MV) requirement were chosen for this study over a 12-month period. The patients intubated in our ICU were included in the study to exclude prior colonization. Upon ICU admission, the patient's; age, sex, comorbidities, diagnosis, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were recorded. When bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, the SOFA score, temperature, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein levels, PaO2/FiO2ratio, PCO2, clinical pulmonary infection score value, length of MV, and presence of antimicrobiological treatments were recorded. Routine microbiological analysis was performed by EA (pre-VAP EA) twice weekly in all patients until the endotracheal tube was removed. When VAP was suspected, fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination with BAL was performed. A diagnosis of VAP was established when the BAL quantitative culture grew at least one microorganism at a concentration ≥104 cfu/mL. Results: VAP was diagnosed in 41 (69%) of the 59 patients based on BAL culture results. Among 41 positive BAL cultures, pre-VAP EA identified the same microorganism with the same antibiotics resistance pattern in 23 (56%) patients. Regarding only late-onset VAP, pre-VAP EA identified the same microorganisms found by BAL culture in 17 (63%) of the 27 cases. Among 18 BAL culture negative patients, 7 (39%) patients had negative prior pre-VAP EA culture results. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequently isolated microorganism from BAL cultures (n = 21, 51%). The diagnostic value of pre-VAP EA results in predicting A. baumannii VAP documented with the following values (sensitivity: 62%; specificity: 95%, positive predictive value: 87%, negative predictive value: 82%). Conclusion: VAP patients should be treated with international guidelines, but if pre-VAP EA cultures identify multidrug resistant pathogens, the initial antibiotic therapy should cover these microorganisms. Thus, quantitative EA cultures are a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool in critically ill patients suspected of having pneumonia especially in the case of VAP.
Receiver Function Imaging of Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities Beneath the Tanzania Craton and Adjacent Segments of the East African Rift System

The mantle transition zone (MTZ) discontinuities beneath the Tanzania Craton and the Eastern and Western Branches of the East African Rift System are imaged by stacking over 7,100 receiver functions. The mean thickness of the MTZ beneath the Western Branch and Tanzania Craton is about 252 km, which is comparable to the global average and is inconsistent with the existence of present‐day thermal upwelling originating from the lower mantle. In contrast, beneath the Eastern Branch, an up to 30 km thinning of the MTZ is observed and is attributable to upwelling of higher temperature materials from either the upper MTZ or the lower mantle. The observations are in agreement with the hypothesis that rifting in Africa is primarily driven by gradients of gravitational potential energy and lateral variations of basal traction force along zones of significant changes of lithospheric thickness such as the edges of the Tanzania Craton.
Impact of the Brexit vote announcement on long-run market performance

We examine how the Brexit announcement influenced the market performance of British and European listed firms over a 12-month horizon after the announcement. Using daily data and a sample composed of 3,015 European listed firms (805 UK and 2,210 non-UK), we find that the Brexit announcement affected negatively the one-year financial performance of British (UK hereafter) firms and European non-British (non-UK hereafter) firms that conduct most of their business activities within the British area. We also provide the new evidence that, after the Brexit announcement, analysts’ earnings forecasts and the operational performance decreased, and the return volatility increased for UK firms. These novel results in the literature show definitively that the Brexit announcement has reduced the financial and operational performance over a 12-month period but exclusively for firms involved in British businesses.
Proteogenomics for environmental microbiology

Proteogenomics sensu stricto refers to the use of proteomic data to refine the annotation of genomes from model organisms. Because of the limitations of automatic annotation pipelines, a relatively high number of errors occur during the structural annotation of genes coding for proteins. Whether putative orphan sequences or short genes encoding low‐molecular‐weight proteins really exist is still frequently a mystery. Whether start codons are well defined is also an open debate. These problems are exacerbated for genomes of microorganisms belonging to poorly documented genera, as related sequences are not always available for homology‐guided annotation. The functional annotation of a significant proportion of genes is also another well‐known issue when annotating environmental microorganisms. High‐throughput shotgun proteomics has recently greatly evolved, allowing the exploration of the proteome from any microorganism at an unprecedented depth. The structural and functional annotation process may be usefully complemented with experimental data. Indeed, proteogenomic mapping has been successfully performed for a wide variety of organisms. Specific approaches devoted to systematically establishing the N‐termini of a large set of proteins are being developed. N‐terminomics is giving rise to datasets of experimentally proven translational start codons as well as validated peptide signals for secreted proteins. By extension, combining genomic and proteomic data is becoming routine in many research projects. The proteomic analysis of organisms with unfinished genome sequences, the so‐called composite proteomics, and the search for microbial biomarkers by bottom‐up and top‐down combined approaches are some examples of proteogenomic‐flavored studies. They illustrate the advent of a new era of environmental microbiology where proteomics and genomics are intimately integrated to answer key biological questions.
Burst-based orthogonal ST block coding for CPM

In this paper, we propose a simple orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) technique for continuous-phase modulation (CPM). Although the straightforward combination of orthogonal designs (ODs) and CPM was deemed impossible in [(X. Zhang and M.P. Flitz, 2003) and (G. Wang and X-G. Xia, 2004)], we show that this is easily accomplished with a burst-based approach. In fact, using the proposed technique ODs can be combined with any CPM scheme. After an appropriate ST combining at the receiver, the same detection techniques as in case of single-antenna transmission can be applied. This is a significant advantage over previously proposed ST coding schemes for CPM. We also derive accurate approximations for the bit error rate and the frame error rate of CPM with OSTBC. Both analysis and simulations show in good agreement the excellent performance of the proposed scheme
Ribosome stalling is responsible for arginine-specific translational attenuation in Neurospora crassa

The Neurospora crassa arg-2 upstream open reading frame (uORF) plays a role in negative arginine-specific translational regulation. Primer extension inhibition analyses of arg-2 uORF-containing RNA translated in a cell-free system in which arginine-specific regulation was retained revealed "toeprints" corresponding to ribosomes positioned at the uORF initiation and termination codons and at the downstream initiation codon. At high arginine concentrations, the toeprint signal corresponding to ribosomes at the uORF termination codon rapidly increased; a new, broad toeprint that represents additional ribosomes stalled on the uORF appeared 21 to 30 nucleotides upstream of this site; and the toeprint signal corresponding to ribosomes at the downstream initiation codon decreased. These data suggest that arginine increases ribosomal stalling and thereby decreases translation from the downstream initiation codon.
Role of Audit Committee Financial Expertise and Their Status in Reducing Corporate Real Earnings Management

The study aims to examine the role of audit committee financial expertise (measured by audit committee educational background in accounting and finance and CPA certification) and their status (relative to board of directors) in reducing real earnings management. Audit committee status is compared to board of director status and status for both groups measured by the current or previous employment in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) listed companies in Indonesia; current or previous employment in the Indonesia public companies with similar industries; current or previous employment in the Indonesia public financial sector companies or financial institutions; current or previous employment in Indonesia government institutions; and a degree from prestigious educational institutions. Samples of this research consist of Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) listed non-financial companies with a period of observation of 2013-2016. The total observations are 1080 firm-years. The result of this study shows that audit committee financial expertise has no impact in reducing corporate real earnings management. Meanwhile, audit committee status can reduce corporate real earnings management. This study also finds that audit committee status has not been able to strengthen audit committee financial expertise to reduce corporate real earnings management.
Evaluation of neighborhood treatment systems for potable water supply

Piped water is available in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, but residual disinfectant is not reliably found in the public drinking water supply. Lack of confidence in the public supply leads many residents to rely on bottled water. To provide consistent disinfection, two health clinics were equipped with ultraviolet disinfection systems, and neighboring households were encouraged to obtain their drinking water from the treatment systems. Use of the treated water declined from 62% of self-selected study participants at the time of the first visit to 40% at the second visit. During the first visit, diarrhea prevalence was similar among households using treated water and other water sources yet diarrhea prevalence was higher among households using the treated water during the second visit. Microbiological quality of the treated water in the homes was not demonstrably superior to that of other sources.
The use of social accountability mechanisms by Syrian diaspora organizations providing aid in the Syrian crisis

This paper presents data from a study of Syrian diaspora organizations providing assistance to conflict-affected Syrians in Europe, the Middle East, and North America. Using interview data from leaders in three Syrian diaspora non-profit organizations, this paper examines the social mechanisms used to ensure accountability within the challenging environments where the organizations operate. We find that Syrian diaspora organizations benefit from informal social accountability mechanisms that derive from individuals’ social network ties. Personal, social forms of accountability are particularly valuable to these organizations because these mechanisms help circumvent uncertainty and challenges in the operational environment. These findings reflect an important theme in the extant literature on diaspora philanthropy: diaspora members may have an advantage over other actors because of dense personal networks that make them adept at identifying dependable partners and enforcing agreements even in places where banking and legal systems are fragile. The leaders in our study rely on trusted individuals as a mechanism to ensure financial accountability and to assess the trustworthiness of potential partners on the ground inLebanon, Syria, and Turkey.
Susceptibility to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum of some human erythrocytes carrying rare blood group antigens

Summary. Tn and Cad erythrocytes which carry unusual carbohydrate moieties attached to glycophorin A and B, the main red cell membrane sialoglycoproteins, resist invasion by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Tn red cells are defective in sialic acid and galactose whereas Cad erythrocytes are characterized by a normal sialic acid content but the presence of an additional N‐acetylgalactosamine residue attached to each sialotetrasaccharide chain O‐glycosidically linked to glycophorin A and B. Homozygous MgMg red cells, which are defective in the cluster of three sialotetrasaccharide chains located at positions 2, 3 and 4 of glycophorin A, are normally invaded. Erythrocytes typed McM carry a glycophorin A molecule intermediate between those from M and N (amino acid substitution at position 1 or 5) but are, like control MN red cells, susceptible to invasion. These results suggest that the primary requirement for entry of P. falciparum merozoites into human red cells is the recognition of a carbohydrate structure present on glycophorin A or B which includes sialic acid and galactose, but is not necessarily clustered at the N‐terminal end of the molecule.
Effect of chlorhexidine application methods on microtensile bond strength to dentin in Class I cavities.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine with different application methods on the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin in Class I cavities. METHODS Flat dentinal surfaces with Class I cavities (4 mm long, 4 mm wide, 2 mm deep) in 50 molars were bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 etch-and-rinse adhesive system after: 1) Chlorhexidine (CHX) + rinsing + etching; 2) CHX + no rinsing + etching; 3) Etching + CHX + rinsing; 4) Etching + CHX + no rinsing; 5) Etching only as a control group. Resin composite buildups were constructed with Z-350 (3M ESPE) using a bulk method and they were polymerized for 40 seconds. For each condition, half of the specimens were immediately submitted to microtensile bond strength and half of the same group was submitted to 10,000 cycles of thermocycling between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C before testing. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and Student t-test at a 95% significance level. RESULTS Chlorhexidine pretreatment did not affect the bond strength of specimens tested at the immediate testing period, regardless of the application method used, compared to the control group. However, after 10,000 thermocycles, a significant bond strength reduction was found in the control group. In general, the chlorhexidine application method did not demonstrate a significant difference among the groups treated with chlorhexidine. However, there was a significant difference after thermocycling in the groups treated with chlorhexidine before etching and no significant difference in the groups treated with chlorhexidine after etching. CONCLUSION Considering the amount of reduction in bond strength after thermocycling, the current study showed improved dentin bond strength with chlorhexidine when used after etching.
Tracheostomal myiasis! A word of caution

© 2017 Indian Journal of Anaesthesia | Published by Wolters Kluwer ‐ Medknow using oxygen, nitrous oxide, and sevoflurane administered through the tracheostomy tube using a Jackson–Rees modification of Ayre's T-piece. Intubation was attempted with 4, and then, 3.5-mm endotracheal tube which we failed to negotiate. A size of 3-mm tube could be inserted snugly. Surgeons evaluated the stoma and cleared nearly 50–70 live maggots and cleaned the stoma using povidione-iodine [Figure 1b]. TT 3.5-mm ID was reinserted. Subsequent perioperative period was uneventful. The surgeons decided not to explore the trachea to extract the already migrated maggots because at that time, there were no clinical signs of airway obstruction by the worms and air entry was bilaterally equal. The stomal site gradually healed, and the child was successfully decannulated after 18 days and discharged with thorough advice about home care and hygiene to the parents. Few cases of tracheostomal myiasis have been reported in the literature. [1-4]
Bragging Rights: Does Corporate Boasting Imply Value Creation?

We examine all S&P 500 firms over 1999-2014 that publicly characterize their annual performance with extreme positive language. We find that only 18% of such firms increase shareholder value, while nearly 75% have insignificant performance, and the remaining 7% actually destroy shareholder value. Our evidence suggests that firms often base their positive claims on high raw returns or strong relative accounting performance. In comparison to firms that generate positive abnormal returns without boasting, our sample firms tend to have superior accounting performance. These results show that boasting about performance is rarely associated with value creation and is consistent with executive narcissism.
Body temperature of trauma patients on admission to hospital: a comparison of anaesthetised and non-anaesthetised patients

Background Hypothermia at hospital admission has been found to independently predict increased mortality in trauma patients. Objectives To establish if patients anaesthetised in the prehospital phase of care had a higher rate of hypothermia than non-anaesthetised patients on admission to hospital. Methods Retrospective review of admission body temperature in 1292 consecutive prehospital trauma patients attended by a physician-led prehospital trauma service admitted to The Royal London Hospital between 1 July 2005 and 31 December 2008. Results 38% had a temperature recorded on admission. There was a significant difference in body temperature between the anaesthetised group (N=207) and the non-anaesthetised group (N=287): mean (SD) 35.0 (2.1) vs 36.2 (1.0)°C, respectively (p<0.001). No significant seasonal body temperature variation was demonstrated. Conclusion This study confirmed that patients anaesthetised in the prehospital phase of care had a significantly lower admission body temperature. This has led to a change in the author's prehospital practice. Anaesthetised patients are now actively surface heated and have whole body insulation to prevent further heat loss in an attempt to conserve body temperature and improve outcome. This is an example of best in-hospital anaesthetic practice being carried out in the prehospital phase.
Sleep problems among clinically depressed adults in China

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to explore which variables predict poor sleep among clinically depressed Chinese adults. Methods: In total, 100 participants were recruited from Shanghai Mental Health Centre. The dependent variables were number of hours spent sleeping as well as the quality of sleep and number of times the participants woke during the night. The independent variables were gender, age, length of depression and severity of depression. The use of antipsychotic medication was controlled for in all analyses. Results: The results demonstrated that depression severity was the most important predictor of sleep quality and night waking. Gender and age were also found to be predictors of sleep problems. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that depressed Chinese patients experienced similar relationships between sleep disturbance and depression to Westerners. Future studies should include other measures of sleep quality as well as variables consistently found to be associated with both depression and sleep difficulty, such as the use of addictive substances and psychosocial factors.