Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Chinese University Students’ Foreign Language Anxiety and English Learning Motivation

The present paper reports on the findings of a study on the general patterns of Chinese university students’ foreign language learning anxiety and motivation and their relationships to the students’ performance in English. Analyses of 1697 questionnaires revealed that 1) the whole sample, as well as male and female students, reported a medium or even low level of foreign language anxiety and a moderate or even high level of English learning motivation; 2) more than 60% of the respondents reported to be at the low level of foreign language anxiety but at the mid level of English learning motivation. And the differences among students of low-, mid-, and high-level foreign language anxiety and English learning motivation were all statistically significant; 3) the students’ foreign language anxiety and English learning motivation were significantly correlated with each another, and the students’ performance in English; and 4) external motivation, intrinsic motivation, test anxiety, motivation intensity, academic achievement, personal development and going abroad were powerful predictors of the students’ performance in English.
Benthic metabolism and sulfate reduction in a southeast Asian mangrove swamp

Sediment metabolism (surface O2 uptake and CO2 production) and 35S-S0zreduction (0 to 10 cm) were measured during January 1990 (dry season) a t 3 stations in the Ao Nam Bor mangrove, Phuket, Thailand. Sulfate reduction as measured by the chromium reduction technique was highest at 6 to 10 cm depth at all stations (600 to 800 nmol S dC1), indicating that significant activity may have occurred below 10 cm. Vertical translocation of metabohzable organic substrates, either due to subsurface root growth or due to downward transport of newly deposited organlc matter by bioturbation appeared responsible for the high subsurface activlty The major reduced sulfur compound at all 3 statlons was FeS2, both as recovered 35S-label In the sulfate reduction assay (82 to 97 O/O) and in the total sediment sulfur pool (86 to 100 %). Very low amounts of reduced sulfur were found as HS-, FeS and So. The general absence of HSwas caused by preclpltatlon reactions controlled by a large sedimentary Iron pool. The estimated area1 based rates of sulfate reductlon (0 to 10 cm, 28 to 50 mm01 m-'d-l) could support around 100 % (65 to 142 O/O) of the measured CO2 flux across the sediment-water interface. This implies a deficient or non-steady state COz flux since the sulfate reductlon es t~mate ignored any activity occurring below 10 cm depth. Possible causes for thls deficlt may include CO2 assimilation by roots, advective loss of pore water COz, and excessive CO2 gas loss during alr exposure. In general, the mechanisms underlying carbon and sulfur cycling In thls mangrove swamp appears remarkably similar to those operating in salt marshes.
Immature Seedling Growth of Two North American Native Perennial Bunchgrasses and the Invasive Grass Bromus tectorum

Abstract Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve and Elymus wawawaiensis J. Carlson & Barkworth are two native perennial grasses widely used for restoration in the Intermountain West. However, the rapid establishment and spread of Bromus tectorum L. , an invasive annual grass, has led to a decline in the abundance of native perennial grasses. Proliferation of B. tectorum has been attributed to its early germination, superior cold-temperature growth, profuse root production, and high specific leaf area (SLA). To enhance restoration success, we compared B. tectorum to commercially available plant materials of two perennial rangeland bunchgrasses, P. spicata (cv. Whitmar, cv. Goldar, and Anatone Germplasm) and E. wawawaiensis (cv. Secar), for germination, seedling morphological traits, and growth rates at the immature seedling stage. We monitored germination and immature seedling growth in a growth chamber in two separate experiments, one under low (5/10°C) and the other under high (15/20°C) day/night temperatures. Compared to the average of the two perennials, B. tectorum was 93% (77%) greater at high (and low) temperature for root∶shoot length ratio, but only 14% (14%) greater for root∶shoot biomass ratio and 12% (19%) lower for SLA. This suggests that B. tectorum's substantial investment in surface area of roots, rather than in shoot length, root biomass, or leaf area, may be responsible for the annual's success at the early seedling stage. Compared to E. wawawaiensis, P. spicata averaged 65% (41%) higher shoot biomass, 39% (88%) higher root biomass, and 70% (10%) higher absolute growth rate, but 25% (15%) lower SLA and 15% (36%) lower specific root length (SRL) at high (and low) temperatures, respectively. Although P. spicata's greater productivity may initially make for better seedling establishment than E. wawawaiensis, it may also prove disadvantageous in competitive or highly resource-limited environments where high SLA or SRL could be an advantage.
Investigating of conceptions of learning biology with respect to gender, grade level and school type

The aim of this study was to describe the students’ conceptions of learning biology (COLB) and investigate students’ COLB with respect to gender, grade level and school type. COLB questionnaire was implemented in 1691 high school students. In general, this study recognized students preferred higher-level conceptions of learning (increasing knowledge, application, understanding and seeing in a new way) to lower-level conceptions (memorizing, preparing for exams and calculating and practicing). Based on MANOVA results, there are statistically significant correlation between grade level, school type and categories of conceptions of learning biology. However, no interaction between students’ gender and COLB factors was found, indicating that there was no statistically significant mean difference between male and female students with respect to all seven categories of COLB.
Comparative study on strength properties of wood plastic bonded boards produced from coffee chaff and Ceiba pentandra sawdust.

Strength properties of Wood Plastic-bonded Boards (WPBB) of 10mm in thickness were produced in this study from two lignocellulosic materials coffee and recycled low density polyethylene (rLDPE) as a binder. WPBB were produced from particles of coffee chaff and Ceiba pentandra, at three levels of mixing ratio (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1), and at three levels of board density (500, 600 and 700kgm) given the total treatment combinations of 18 respectively. Effects of lignocelluloses particles, mixing ratio (MR) and board density (BD) on flexural strength properties of the WPBB were investigated. The flexural strength of the WPBB range from 0.25 to 4.79N/mm and 891.00 to 16415.87N/mm for modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) respectively. The statistically results shows that the main factor and interaction factors were significantly different at P≤0.05 level of probability. It was observed in this study that as the plastic content with density increased, flexural strength of the boards increases. The study showed that WPBB made from coffee chaff particles are stiffer and stronger than WPBBs made from Ceiba pentandra particles. Based on the outcome of the results in this study, coffee chaff could as well be used as filler in the polymer industry to produce stronger biopolymer composite for structural applications. This study would form a baseline strategy for further research efforts on production of composite from agro-residues wastes.
Study of clinical spectrum and management of acute intestinal obstruction

With time , better understanding of pathophysiology, improvement in radiological techniques of diagnosis, high degree of refinement in correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, introduction of antibiotics with effective bacteriological control, introduction of techniques in gastrointestinal decompression, new surgical principles in bowel obstruction , introduction of table lavage and resection and primary anastomosis , has replaced staged procedures and lessened the number of days in hospital stay which has helped in better management of patients. Aim and objectives of the study is to find out aetiology and clinical presentation of acute intestinal obstruction. To study the role of imaging ABSTRACT
Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract on reproductive hormones in normal rats

calyx extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg produced minor effects on rat reproductive hormones, namely testosterone and estradiol while no change was observed on both prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone levels. Moreover, no histological changes were detected on both testes and ovaries of the experimental animals after 28 days of administration. It can be concluded that
Getting the right balance between regulation and governance in the non-bank financial sector

This paper uses the example of the collapse of the finance company sector in New Zealand in 20062010 to illustrate the problems with light touch regulation and a reliance on good governance to ensure financial stability. It shows two major governance failures, the first in the governance of the sector by the authorities and the second, serious failures in corporate governance by the firms involved. While a light touch may assist economic development it also increases fragility. New Zealand has now switched to a greater emphasis on regulation and to a better alignment of incentives to ensure good governance. While other countries might consider implementing aspects of its new bank resolution regime most are opting for considerably more regulation and compliance costs.
Propagation Properties of the Spp Modes in Nanoscale Narrow Metallic Gap, Channel, and Hole Geometries

The propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) modes in nanoscale narrow metallic structures: gap, channel, and rectangular-hole waveguides, are analyzed by the complex effective dielectric constant approximation. The results show that all the SPP modes exist below the critical frequency where the real part of metal permittivity is negative unity. It is found that both cutoff frequency and cutoff height exist in channel waveguide and rectangularhole waveguide. The channel and rectangular-hole waveguides have different propagation properties at cutoffs due to their different cutoff conditions. Compared with the gap waveguide, the channel waveguide has shorter propagation length and better confinement when the operation frequency is near the critical frequency, but has longer propagation length and worse confinement when the operation frequency is far from the critical frequency. Among the three waveguides, the rectangular-hole waveguide has the best confinement factor and the shortest propagation length. The comprehensive analysis for the gap, channel, and rectangular-hole waveguides can provide some guidelines in the design of subwavelength optical devices.
Dynamics of Law, Organisation and Morality in Contemporary Warfare:

This thesis places at the centre of its attention the members of the International Law Department (ILD) of the Israeli military. Its point of departure is the 2008/2009 Israeli offensive in the Gaza strip, a military operation which caused extensive loss of lives. During this offensive, the Israeli military made unprecedented use of the ILD. This dissertation sets out to examine the dynamic processes through which extreme violations of human rights, and most fundamentally, the right to life, are negotiated and authorized by these expert practitioners of international law. This exploration is methodologically based on interviews with ILD members and discourse analysis and is grounded in concepts and tools of critical legal theory, organisation studies and debates of morality. The findings of the thesis reveal that, in the case of the ILD team, International Humanitarian Law, organisational structures of the military and perceptions of morality play a role in enabling the execution of extreme violence and extensive violation of the right to life. Moreover, these same structures and conditions hinder the possibility of assigning responsibility for lives lost. Building on the case study of the ILD of the Israeli military, the dissertation seeks to further understanding of the dynamics between law, organisational structures and morality as they relate to the legal work of practitioners in contemporary warfare. Ultimately, the thesis demonstrates that existing tools are insufficient in protecting the right to life, and aspires to contribute to the assignment of legal and moral responsibility for loss of lives.
The very local Hubble flow

We present Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 images of eighteen galaxies situated in the vicinity of the Local Group (LG) as part of an ongoing snapshot survey of nearby galaxies. Their distances derived from the magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch are $1.92\pm0.10$ Mpc (ESO 294-010), $3.06\pm0.37$ (NGC 404), $3.15\pm0.32$ (UGCA 105), $1.36\pm0.07$ (Sex B), $1.33\pm0.08$ (NGC 3109), $2.64\pm0.21$ (UGC 6817), $2.86\pm0.14$ (KDG 90), $2.27\pm0.19$ (IC 3104), $2.54\pm0.17$ (UGC 7577), $2.56\pm0.15$ (UGC 8508), $3.01\pm0.29$ (UGC 8651), $2.61\pm0.16$ (KKH 86), $2.79\pm0.26$ (UGC 9240), $1.11\pm0.07$ (SagDIG), $0.94\pm0.04$ (DDO 210), $2.07\pm0.18$ (IC 5152), $2.23\pm0.15$ (UGCA 438), and $2.45\pm0.13$ (KKH 98). Based on the velocity-distance data for 36 nearest galaxies around the LG, we find the radius of the zero-velocity surface of the LG to be $R_0 = (0.94\pm0.10)$ Mpc, which yields a total mass $M_{\rm LG} = (1.3\pm0.3)\times 10^{12}~M_{\odot}$. The galaxy distribution around the LG reveals a Local Minivoid which does not contain any galaxy brighter than M V =-11 mag within a volume of ~100 Mpc 3 . The local Hubble flow seems to be very cold, having a one-dimensional mean random motion of ~30 km s -1 . The best-fit value of the local Hubble parameter is $73\pm15$ km s -1 Mpc -1 . The luminosity function for the nearby field galaxies is far less steep than one for members of the nearest groups.
Autonomic responses to familiar faces without autonomic responses to familiar voices: Evidence for voice-specific Capgras delusion

Introduction: Patients with Capgras delusion believe that certain individuals have been replaced by duplicates. Unlike normal people, these patients also show reduced autonomic responses to familiar faces, indicating the possibility that it is the covert processes of recognition that are impaired (Ellis, et al., 1997). It has been suggested that such patients would show normal autonomic responses to voices. An auditory parallel of this typical delusion, therefore, is theoretically possible. That is, a delusion whereby mis-recognition of the voice produces the delusional belief of duplication. Such a delusion would only occur in situations where the person is recognised by voice only; and so, even where it does exist, it would often escape diagnosis. Method: We present here a case, H.L. , of what appears to be the Capgras delusion for voices in a sighted person. This case was investigated using standard skin conductance tests for face and voice recognition. Results: Consistent with this diagnosis, H.L. displays normal autonomic responses for faces but reduced autonomic responses for famous voices. Discussion: H.L. represents a previously unreported form of Capgras delusion and, further, shows dissociation between autonomic responses to faces and voices. Implications for cognitive models of person recognition are discussed.
The Effect of Learning Styles on Learning Strategy Use by EFL Learners

Problem statement: Strategies play a significant role in assisting learners with developing language competence. During the past few years, numbers of studies demonstrated the importance of learning strategies in language learning. Approach: Positive relationship between strategy use and reading comprehension was presented and the differences of strategy use between successful and less successful learners were highly discussed in much research. Successful learners use learning strategies more frequently and effectively than unsuccessful learners. In addition, OMalley and Chamot (1990) claimed that successful learners know how to choose learning strategies more appropriately. Based on those studies, the evidence of strategy use on different learners is clearly presented. However, few studies have explored the effect of different learning styles on strategy use between high achievers and low achievers, especially in an EFL context. Results: Thus, in this study, learning styles in influencing strategy use were examined. The researchers investigated the relationship between learning styles and strategy use on learners with different language proficiency levels. To do that, the subjects of the study were 71 non-English majors in New Taipei City and they were divided into two language proficiency levels (high and low) based on the English Proficiency Test. Two questionnaires (learning strategy use and learning style) were used to examine the effect of learning styles on reading strategy use. Conclusion: Based on the findings, implications are presented that may be useful to teachers making learners more independent and more effective in language learning.
CHOICE FEEDING AND AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS FOR BROILERS

The study was conducted as a completely randomized design, with a factorial arrangement todetermine the response of commercial broilers to choice feeding and limiting amino acids on growth andcarcass performance. A total of 432 male birds were weighed at one-d-old and randomly distributed to48 wire-floored brooder cage each 1.0 m2. There were 2 sexes and 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicateseach of 9 birds. Birds were given one of three dietary regimens with dietary change every 7 days. Allgroups were fed free choice of summit and dilution diets. The estimated dietary level of crude protein atday-old was 240 g/kg and the level at 42 d was either 120, 150 or 180 g/kg for females or 130, 160 and190 g/kg for males. At 43 d of age, all birds from each dietary treatment were slaughtered formeasurement of body composition. Results reveal that lysine requirement for maximum gain in thisstudy was higher than NRC recommendation. The free choice-fed bird was significantly higher, in termsof growth and body composition than that obtained on the low dietary protein regimen.
GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ZYGOPETALINAE (ORCHIDACEAE: CYMBIDIEAE): COMBINED MOLECULAR EVIDENCE

The phylogenetic relationships of the orchid subtribe Zygopetalinae were evaluated using parsimony analyses of combined DNA sequence data of nuclear ITS 1 and 2 (including the 5.8s region and portions of the flanking 18s and 26s regions) and of the plastid trnL intron plus the trnL-F intergenic spacer and the plastid matK . Analyses of the three separate data sets produced highly congruent and moderately supported patterns, so these were combined in a single analysis. Combined analysis of 104 ingroup and two outgroup taxa produced highly resolved cladograms. Zygopetalinae comprises a Zygopetalum grade or clade (pseudobulbs prominent; leaves usually plicate, revolute); a Huntleya grade (pseudobulbs reduced or lacking; leaves conduplicate), including Dichaea , Huntleya, Chaubardia , and the Chondrorhyncha complex, plus Cryptarrhena that is weakly supported as sister to the Huntleya clade; and a Warrea grade. Chondrorhyncha s.l. is polyphyletic and six genera are here segregated as monophyletic taxa (see Key words).
Examining Effects of Shelf Ready Packaging on Brand Knowledge Based on the Example of Torgovy Dom Yarmarka

The intense competition induces companies to make effort to distinguish their products from the market alternatives, which is to a certain extent facilitated by packaging. In the meantime, the demand on Shelf Ready Packaging (SRP), having emerged somewhat recently, is increasing while its geographical spread is growing. Thus, the purpose of this study consisted in the assessment of influence of SRP on brand knowledge. Therefore, the quantitative research was conducted, having been anteceded by examination of the extant literature on brand management, packaging and SRP. The research population is represented by the adult inhabitants of Russia, having been subject to the non-probability sampling. The survey strategy was realized through such a mean of data collection as an electronic questionnaire, having been transmitted with the public links and based on the positioning strategy of Torgovy Dom Yarmarka and its primary and shelf ready packaging. The individuals were provided with two dissimilar versions of the questionnaire, one having involved pictures of the primary packaging, while another having encompassed the depicted combination of primary and shelf ready packaging. Although the SRP was expected to contribute to conveyance of the Yarmarka brand meaning, the research results indicate that the corresponding effect is statistically insignificant in case of the SRP applied by Yarmarka. However, some of the limitations involved in the present study imply that other means of researching could have been employed to examine the SRP influence on the brand recognition in a more realistic manner. Apart from that, it is relevant to assess the impact of other types of SRP design on brand knowledge.
Physical properties of sand parts produced using a Voxeljet VX1000 three-dimensional printer

Successful case studies of metal casting applications using sand moulds and cores produced by additive manufacturing (AM) processes have been widely reported in the literature. The layered- based manufacturing process has revolutionised traditional sand moulding methods. This is essentially due to the numerous advantages of AM, including the reduction of design lead time and the ability to manufacture objects with complex geometry in a rapid turnaround time. Locally-available AM processes that are capable of producing sand moulds and cores include laser sintering (LS) and three-dimensional printing (3DP), with the latter AM process growing in dominance over the former. However, a better understanding of the properties of parts produced by AM processes is required in order for the processes to be fully adopted by the foundry industry. Crucial characteristics of 3DP sand parts related to strength, dimensional accuracy, and hardness are not well- known in terms of their magnitude and in comparison with conventionally-moulded sand parts. In this investigation, the physical properties of test specimens produced under standard manufacturing conditions, using a Voxeljet VX1000 machine, were assessed for bend and tensile strength, hardness, friability, and surface finish. The physical properties of the 3DP test specimens were then compared with the properties of laboratory hand- rammed test specimens. The results of the investigation suggest that the properties of AM-fabricated sand parts are inferior to sand parts produced by conventional moulding processes.