Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
You can’t always get what you want: gender differences in job satisfaction of university graduates

Previous literature stressed on the gender differences in job satisfaction and the factors influencing the job satisfaction of men and women. Two rationales are usually provided for the finding that women tend to be relatively more satisfied with their jobs than men although disadvantaged in labour markets: first, women may have relatively lower expectations of career and income, and second, they may attach relatively less importance to extrinsic rewards than men. In order to analyse whether substantial gender differences exist already at the beginning of the career, we employ information of over 20 000 graduates collected through a large-scale survey of German university graduates who recently entered the labour market. We find that the job satisfaction of female graduates is on average slightly lower than the job satisfaction of male graduates, but our results do not point to substantial gender differences. In our sample of highly qualified individuals, men and women are very similar in what they want from their jobs and also in their perceptions of what they get. While our results point to substantial similarity of men and women in the early career stage, gender differences may emerge at later stages of the career life cycle.
Effect of different irrigation solutions and techniques on push-out bond strength of resin-based sealer

Aim To evaluate the effect of irrigation solutions [sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and normal physiological saline] and different irrigation techniques (conventional needle, EndoVac, and CanalBrush) on push-out bond strength of AH Plus resin-based sealer. Materials and methods Ninety mandibular freshly extracted premolars were selected and divided into three groups according to the irrigation solutions; group I: 5.25% NaOCl, group II: 2% CHX, group III: normal physiological saline solution. Then each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the irrigation techniques; subgroup A: 27 G side beveled needle, subgroup B: EndoVac irrigating system, subgroup C: medium-sized CanalBrush (30/0.04). Root canals of all groups were prepared using ProTaper Universal Ni-Ti rotary system up to file F4 (40/0.06) and filled by single cone technique using AH Plus sealer. 2 mm thick horizontal sections from the coronal, middle and apical thirds of each root were sliced for the push-out bond strength measurement and tested using universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance in a level of significance (P ≤ 0.05). Results The highest mean push-out bond strength values were recorded for EndoVac system followed by CanalBrush and Needle in all groups and at all root canal levels. In comparison of irrigation solutions in needle subgroup; the highest values were recorded for CHX and least for NaOCl at coronal and middle root levels. While in the apical section, the highest and least mean push-out bond strength values were recorded for CHX and saline respectively. Regarding EndoVac and CanalBrush; the highest push-out bond strength values were recorded for CHX followed by saline and NaOCl at all root canal levels. Conclusions Whenever root canal obturation using AH Plus sealer, it is preferred to use 2% CHX solution throughout and after instrumentation via EndoVac system for improved bond strength. The coronal sections showed higher bond strength than middle and apical sections.
Applicability of established regression equations in the prediction of peak expiratory flow rate in Indian adults

BACKGROUND: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) helps in the assessment of airflow limitation. Its relationship with age and height has been established in several previous studies with different sample size in different regions from India. A large-scale study (in 2014) established a set of regression equations with a national level reference regression equation. AIM: The aim of this study was to check the applicability of established regression equations in the prediction of PEFR in apparently healthy young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 young adults (males = 55, females = 49). PEFR (L/min) was measured using computerized spirometer. Established regression equations from the previous study were used to predict PEFR from the age and height of the participants. Measured PEFR values were compared with predicted values by the paired t-test with α = 0.05. Further, the prediction was considered “comparable” if the value was <±10% of the measured value. RESULTS: Measured versus predicted mean PEFR (from regression equation established for adult Indian national) for male was 481.99 ± 63.52 L/min versus 496.04 ± 20.70 L/min (P = 0.096) and female was 365.19 ± 61.36 L/min versus 336.82 ± 13.78 L/min (P < 0.001). In male, 54.55% and in female, 44.90% was comparable prediction from regression equation established for Indian adult national. CONCLUSION: Estimated PEFR in male showed fair comparable prediction and female showed poor comparable prediction. Further studies, including all Indian states with a large sample, may help in the establishment of more accurate prediction equations.
Bronchial asthma: Prevalence and risk factors among children in urban population from Raipur, Chhattisgarh

OBJECTIVES: Bronchial asthma is an important chronic disease in children leading to school absenteeism, hospitalization, economic and psychological stress in the family. Worldwide, the prevalence of asthma is on rise. There is a paucity of information on the prevalence of bronchial asthma in childhood in Central India. Hence, this community-based study was conducted with an objective to estimate the prevalence of asthma and identify associated risk factors in children between 6 and 14 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study using modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was conducted in the urban area of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The calculated study sample of 175 children in the age group of 6–14 years was recruited using multistage random sampling. RESULTS: Of 175 (88 males and 87 females), 13.14% (23) of the participants had wheezing at any time in the past and 5.14% had wheezing in the past 1 year (asthma prevalence). The prevalence was slightly more (5.9%) in 6–9 years. Boys had more prevalence (5.6%) than girls (4.6%). However, more girls were affected (5.4% vs. 3.7%) in the age group of 10–14 years. Major risk factors with statistically significant “P” values were allergic rhinitis (66.6%) (Relative Risk (RR) = 6.9), family history of bronchial asthma (66%) (RR = 4.6), maternal asthma (33.3%) (RR = 6.9), and upper socioeconomic class (55.5%) (RR = 2.9%). Important triggers were inhalants, cold exposure, exercise, irritants, and infections. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma in children was 5.14%. The significant risk factors were allergic rhinitis and family history of asthma, specifically maternal asthma.
Predicting Readiness to Attend an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Program: What’s better for Clinical Decision-Making? Clinical Judgment or a Patient Self- Report Questionnaire?

Individuals who suffer from chronic pain vary in readiness to change their approach to dealing with pain. Readiness is defi ned as “the degree to which a person accepts personal responsibility for pain control, and the extent to which they are thinking about changing their behavior to cope with their pain” (Kerns and Rosenberg, 2000). According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change (Prochaska and DiClemente, 1983), individuals are seen as progressing through a number of stages regarding decisions to change. The idea of “stages of change” being applied to chronic pain management stimulated research by Kerns and colleagues (Kerns and Rosenberg, 2000; Kerns et al., 1997) who sought to determine the relevance of readiness to change when considered with the multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral approach to pain management (Turk et al., 1983). The pain “stages of change” model proposes that individuals vary in their readiness to adopt a self-management approach to chronic pain and that all chronic patients can be categorized into one of four discrete stages of change: pre-contemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance. The model also proposes that individually tailored treatment approaches can be implemented according to the stage of change that an individual belongs to. Those in earlier stages such as pre-contemplation and contemplation may benefi t more from cognitive interventions including education about chronic pain, whereas those in higher stages such as action and maintenance are more likely to benefi t from skills training, relaxation training, exercise and relapse prevention procedures.
Isolated cysticercosis of masseter muscle in a young boy with trismus: Report of a case misdiagnosed as unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of Taenia solium. Cysticercosis is a potentially fatal parasitic disease that was rarely found in the maxillofacial region. This report suggests that cysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic swelling in the oral and maxillofacial region and the importance of noninvasive modality ultrasonography (USG) in diagnosis. This paper reports a case of cysticercosis in the right masseter muscle in an 11-year-old boy who presented with recurrent swelling on the right side of the face with inability to open mouth, its clinical features, diagnostic modalities used, and management of the case. Cysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic oral and maxillofacial swelling. High-resolution USG is an excellent noninvasive and cost-effective modality for the diagnosis and also suggests that this parasitic infection can be successfully treated with conservative management using antihelminthic medication.
Effect of tillage and nitrogen scheduling on growth and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in central Punjab

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Shri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab during Rabi season of 2016-2017 to study about “The Effect of tillage and nitrogen scheduling on growth and yield attributes of wheat under winter season (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. On the basis of results summarized at 30 DAS, the maximum growth were recorded with the application of T5 – CT + N5 i.e. N@125 kg (4 splits) applied at ¼, ¼, ¼ and ¼ at basal, 4, 6 and 8 WAS which was at par with T11 – ZT + N5 i.e. N@125 kg (4 splits) applied at ¼, ¼, ¼ and ¼ at basal, 4, 6 and 8 WAS and T12 – ZT + N6 i.e. N@150 kg (4 splits) applied at ¼, ¼, ¼ and ¼ at basal, 4, 6 and 8 WAS. However at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest stage, the application of T11 – ZT + N5 i.e. N@125 kg (4 splits) applied at ¼, ¼, ¼ and ¼ at basal, 4, 6 and 8 WAS gave the best result in the terms of growth character and yield which is statistically at par to the application of T5 - Application of ZT + N5 i.e. N@125 kg (4 splits) applied at ¼, ¼, ¼ and ¼ at basal, 4, 6 and 8 WAS.
The effect of thin cell layer system in Vanilla planifolia in vitro culture

This study was conducted using shoots of Vanilla planifolia as the explant for shoot induction using 2 protocols of thin cell layers (TCL) system. Shoots segment of 2-5 mm were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) semi-solid medium with of various concentration of benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L and thidiazuron (TDZ) at 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L respectively. Histological analysis of shoot formed showed that there were no differences between cross section and longitudinal section based on the appearance of cell structure of the shoots. For longitudinal section TCL system, medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP and 1.0 mg/L TDZ was the optimal medium for shoot induction of V. planifolia. For cross section TCL system, 4.0 mg/L BAP and 3.0 mg/L TDZ were the best concentration for shoots induction of Vanilla . Hence, longitudinal section thin cell layer culture system is more suitable protocol for the micropropagation of Vanilla planifolia plantlets.
Assessment of Climate and Land Use Change Projections and their Impacts on Flooding

The increase in extreme flooding in urban areas has sparked research interest in the quantitative impact of climate and land use change on flooding in cities. This article presents the results of a study that evaluated climate change and urbanization effects on flood hydrographs. General circulation models (GCMs) were applied to determine global climate change in the coming 100 years depending on various developmental trends and global greenhouse gas emission scenarios. A statistical downscaling methodology was applied on GCMs to generate local future climate data at high resolution. The Future projections of land use change data were combined together with the climate change predictions data and inserted into a hydrological model in order to estimate peak flood discharge rates at Kigali city in Rwanda for considered scenarios. The outcomes of the study show that the downscaled mean annual rainfall indicates neither systematic increments nor decrements in the next 100 years. The hydrological modeling results show the considerable impact of climate change by decreasing the expected flood peaks, whereas the land use change will cause a significant increase in floods. The land use change impacts predominate the climate change impacts at overall evaluation of floods.
Evaluation of the Performance of Lowland Rice-ratooned Rice-vegetable as Influenced by Fertilizer Rates in Sawah Rice Systems

The trial was conducted at the Federal University of Agriculture; Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 cropping season to evaluate the performance of lowland rice-ratooned rice-okra as influenced by fertilizer rates in sawah rice based system. Field was manually cleared and bunded but power tilled, puddled and leveled with inlet and outlet connections for irrigation and drainage. Fertilizer treatments evaluated on lowland rice were 90:45:45, 60:30:30, 45:22.5:22.5 and 30:15:15 NPK kg ha -1 whereas those of ratooned rice were 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha -1 . Grain yield, chlorophyll content and plant height at maturity of the main lowland rice were similar. The ratooned rice crop treated with N-fertilizer had similar grain yield. The total grain yield of the two crops of rice ranged between 4.47 and 5.65 t ha -1 year -1 . The okra leaf chlorophyll content and okra pod weight obtained from the previous N-fertilizer plot of 60 and 90 kg N ha -1 were similar but significantly higher than those of 0 and 30 kg N ha -1 . Thus, fertilizer combination of 30:15:15 kg NPK ha -1 for lowland rice and 60 kg N ha -1 for ratooned rice in sawah rice based production system enhanced the productivity of succeeding okra plant.
Microbial Desulfurization of Diesel Oils by Selected Bacterial Strains

Because of increasingly stringent regulations concerning the sulfur content of motor fuels, sulfur removal by biocatalytic means is often considered as a potential alternative to conventional deep hydrodesulfurization processes used in the refinery industry. The first microbial strain able to selectively oxidize sulfur of molecules such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) without altering its carbon content, Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8, was isolated more than ten years ago. The metabolic pathway (4S pathway) was elucidated and the genes involved characterized and sequenced. The present study aimed at exploiting microbial diversity to select new strains potentially interesting for ultradeep desulfurization of diesel oils, taking into account industrially important criteria. In a first step, 15 pure strains able to use DBT as a sole sulfur source and to convert it to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP) were obtained from different soils. In a second step, 5 isolates belonging to the Rhodococcus/Gordonia cluster and exhibiting good growth characteristics and high biodesulfurization activities in both aqueous and organic media were selected. The action of resting cells from these strains towards different types of diesel oils was also determined in order to better assess the potentiality of biodesulfurization, especially as a finishing step complementary to deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Actually, in spite of their taxonomic similarity, the 5 strains displayed different activities towards the diesels oil tested. Biodesulfurization yield was also dependent upon the diesel oil used, especially its sulfur content. Some HDS-recalcitrant compounds such as 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene, could be completely removed, but highly-alkylated dibenzothiophenes were resistant to the action of the biocatalysts.
The importance of mixed-phase clouds for climate sensitivity in the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6-HAM2

Clouds are important in the climate system because of their large influence on the radiation budget. On the one hand, they scatter solar radiation and with that cool the climate. On the other hand, they absorb and re-emit terrestrial radiation, which causes a warming. How clouds change in a warmer climate is one of the largest uncertainties for the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). While a large spread in the cloud feedback arises from low-level clouds, it was recently shown that also mixed-phase clouds are important for ECS. If mixed-phase clouds in the current climate contain too few supercooled cloud 5 droplets, too much ice will change to liquid water in a warmer climate. As shown by Tan et al. (2016), this overestimates the negative cloud phase feedback and underestimates ECS in the CAM global climate model (GCM). Here we are using the newest version of the ECHAM6-HAM2 GCM to investigate the importance of mixed-phase clouds for ECS. Although we also considerably underestimate the fraction of supercooled liquid water globally in the reference version of ECHAM6-HAM2 GCM, we do not obtain increases in ECS in simulations with more supercooled liquid water in the present10 day climate, contrary to the findings by Tan et al. (2016). We hypothesize that it is not the global supercooled liquid water fraction that matters, but only how well lowand mid-level mixed-phase clouds with cloud top temperatures in the mixedphase temperature range between 0 and -35 ◦C that are not shielded by higher-lying ice clouds are simulated. These occur most frequently in mid-latitudes, in particular over the Southern Ocean where they determine the amount of absorbed shortwave radiation. In ECHAM6-HAM2 the amount of absorbed shortwave radiation over the Southern Ocean is only significantly 15 overestimated if all clouds below 0 ◦C consist exclusively of ice and only in this simulation is ECS significantly smaller than in all other simulations and the cloud optical depth feedback plays is the dominant cloud feedback. In all other simulations, the cloud optical depth feedback is weak and changes in cloud feedbacks associated with cloud amount and cloud top pressure, dominate the overall cloud feedback. However, apart from the simulation with only ice below 0 ◦C, differences in the overall cloud feedback are not translated into differences in ECS in our model. This insensitivity to the cloud feedback in our model is 20 explained with compensating effects in the clear-sky.
Re-conceptualizing voice in the non-union workplace

In this paper we present a conceptual analysis of the literature and research surrounding voice in the non-union workplace. The paper begins with a definitional discussion of non-unionism – what it is and what it is not, and then proceeds to unpick the concept of employee voice in the non-union workplace. The core of our analysis consists of a re-conceptualization of factors affecting non-union voice, and the potential outcomes as a result of external macro market pressures such as changing regulatory and market pressures for employee voice, and internal micro organizational dimensions such as management choice and strategy towards employee voice. From the analysis it is argued that more individualized and company-specific forms of employee voice are likely to increase. This poses new challenges for traditional collective representation and the institutional structures within which employee voice operates, which requires critical analysis and future empirical investigation.
Correlation between sputum and bronchoscopy-guided cytology (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, transbronchial needle aspiration, and bronchial brush) with bronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of pulmonary pathology

Background: Pulmonary pathologies constitute a major ailment in terms of morbidity and mortality. Recent technological advancements provide cytological analysis that accentuates accurate diagnosis, early intervention, management, and ease of clinical follow-up with improved outcomes. This study aimed to correlate the sensitivity and describe advantages and disadvantages of the various cytological means of the diagnosis of lung pathologies along with the sequential approach. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study performed during the period of January 2013 to January 2015. Samples of sputum and bronchoscopy-mediated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, air-dried and alcohol-fixed smears of bronchial brushing (BB), transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), and formalin-fixed bronchial biopsy tissues were received, processed, and analyzed from all clinically and radiologically suspected cases of pulmonary pathologies. Results: Two hundred cases of lung lesions were included with all the four cytological sampling interventions and tissue biopsy in the present study with an age range of 21–90 years and male:female ratio of 2.45:1. There were 111 neoplastic and 89 nonneoplastic cases. The diagnostic sensitivity was maximum with BB cytology for nonneoplastic as well as neoplastic lesions. The overall diagnostic utility observed in 200 cases reveals sputum cytology as least sensitive and BB cytology as most sensitive investigation. Conclusion: Sputum cytology is used in patients who are unfit for bronchoscopy and inpatients for their routine evaluation of underlying infection. BAL enhances yield from intraluminal lesions, and TBNA enhances yield in submucosal and mediastinal lesions. The proposed protocol for cytomorphological diagnosis should be as sputum > BAL > TBNA > BB in order of ease.
The importance of smartphone's usage among Malaysian undergraduates

Since its debut, smartphone had been steadily replacing the existence of the conventional mobile phone. The change was well accepted and proven by the smartphones’ surging sales throughout these years. Furthermore, smartphone become a necessity to universities students. Apart from allowing them to socially interact with others, it also can entertain as well as provide platform to search for information. Nowadays the smartphone could also be use to channel its owners’ personality. This research implies that pattern of smartphone’s usage was categories into four typologies that includes Information, Personal Identity, Integration and Social Interaction, and Entertainment. With data from 385 undergraduate students from public and private university in Malaysia, the researcher was able to conclude that the usage for personal identity was important to them. The results were able to clarify the students’ interest over their smartphone and confirm its popularity among youngsters.