Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MR Imaging Helps Subtype Hepatocellular Adenomas.

PURPOSE To determine which clinical variables and gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features are associated with histologically proved hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) genotypic subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this institutional review board-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study, clinical information and MR images of 49 histologically proved HCAs from January 2002 to December 2013 (21 patients; mean age, 39 years; age range, 15-59 years) were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. Qualitative and quantitative imaging features, including the signal intensity ratio relative to liver in each phase, were studied. HCA tissues were stained with subtype-specific markers and subclassified by a pathologist. Clinical and imaging data were correlated with pathologic findings and compared by using Fisher exact or t test, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Forty-nine HCAs were subclassified into 14 inflammatory, 20 hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α-mutated, one β-catenin-activated, and 14 unclassified lesions. Intralesional steatosis was exclusively seen in HNF-1α-mutated lesions. Marked hyperintensity on T2-weighted images was seen in 12 of 14 (86%) inflammatory lesions compared with four of 21 (19%) HNF-1α-mutated, seven of 14 (50%) unclassified, and zero of one (0%) β-catenin-activated lesion. Two large lesions (one β-catenin-activated and one unclassified) transformed into hepatocellular carcinomas and were the only lesions to enhance with marked heterogeneity. In the hepatobiliary phase, all HCA subtypes were hypoenhancing compared with surrounding liver parenchyma, and they reached their nadir signal intensity by 10 minutes after the administration of contrast material before plateauing. HNF-1α-mutated lesions had the lowest lesion signal intensity ratio of 0.47 ± 0.09, compared with 0.73 ± 0.18 for inflammatory lesions (P = .0004), 0.82 for the β-catenin-activated lesion, and 0.73 ± 0.06 for the unclassified lesion (P = .00002). CONCLUSION In this study, all HCA subtypes were hypoenhancing at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in the hepatobiliary phase and reached their nadir signal intensity at 10 minutes. HNF-1α-mutated lesions could be distinguished from other subtypes by having the lowest lesion signal intensity ratio.
Incidence, Paris Classification, and Follow-up in a Nationwide Incident Cohort of Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence, baseline disease characteristics, and disease location based on the Paris classification in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Hungarian nationwide inception cohort. In addition, 1-year follow-up with therapy was analyzed. Methods: From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009, newly diagnosed pediatric patients with IBD were prospectively registered. Twenty-seven pediatric gastroenterology centers participated in the data collection ensuring the data from the whole country. Newly diagnosed patients with IBD younger than 18 years were reported. Disease location was classified according to the Paris classification. Results: A total of 420 patients were identified. The incidence rate of pediatric IBD was 7.48/105 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.34/105–8.83/105). The incidence for Crohn disease (CD) was 4.72/105 (95% CI 3.82–5.79), for ulcerative colitis (UC) 2.32/105 (95% CI 1.71–3.09), and for IBD-unclassified 0.45/105 (95% CI 0.22–0.84). Most common location in CD was L3 (58.7%); typical upper gastrointestinal abnormalities (ulcer, erosion and aphthous lesion) were observed in 29.9%. Extensive colitis in patients with UC (E4, proximal to hepatic flexure) was the most common disease phenotype (57%), whereas only 5% of children had proctitis. A total of 18.6% of patients had ever severe disease (S1). Frequency of azathioprine administration at diagnosis was 29.5% in patients with CD, and this rate increased to 54.6% (130/238) at 1-year follow-up. In UC, only 3.3% received azathioprine initially, and this rate elevated to 22.5% (25/111). Use of corticosteroid decreased from 50% to 15.3% in patients with UC. Rate of bowel resection in patients with CD during the first year of follow-up was 5%. Conclusions: The incidence of pediatric IBD in Hungary was among the higher range reported. This is the first large, nationwide incident cohort analyzed according to the Paris classification, which is a useful tool to determine the characteristic pediatric CD phenotype.
Usability testing method in augmented reality application

Evaluation on system or software is important thing to do, when developing a software or system. This step will ensures yours developed system or software has high quality in functionality or non-functionality needs. Several methods can be used to evaluate the Augmented Reality application: subjective measurement using human perception or objective measure from observation, or evaluation by expert through cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluation, lab observation, and questionnaire. An evaluation is more valid if evaluation was done in multiple methods in order to confirm the result of evaluation.
A Response to

In his comment on our previously published article, 1 Professor Dempsey asks whether we have fully understood the traditional Christian doctrine of divine providence and whether our attempt to apply the doctrine to modern economic theory and practice has been successful. He gives a negative answer to both questions. We do not believe he has given our view a fair reading because he ignores large sections of our article in his comment. It appears he also knows too little about economic theory, practice, and history. We will begin by summarizing our earlier article, partially to note significant gaps in Dempsey’s discussion. We discuss further the doctrine of providence, and what we hoped to achieve by raising the possibility that one could think of markets as a part of God’s providence. We also will address the importance of the idea of spontaneous order and the informational problems associated with coordinating the behavior of hundreds of millions of people. In our view, the call for utopian schemes for coordinating economic behavior apart from markets is a misguided attempt to force the kingdom of heaven into existence rather than to let God be God. Dempsey is concerned with the need to serve others and we will note that much of market activity does precisely that.
Analysis of D-STATCOM Impact on Protection of Distribution Network

-Impact of the compensation devices on relay protection is an important issue affecting secure operation of transmission systems. Currently, solutions for this problem are widely demonstrated in literature and in practice. At the same time, application of these devices in distribution systems is increasing due to their ability to improve power quality. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to questions related to the influence of the devices on the standard protective schemes in medium voltage networks. In this paper, investigation of this issue is performed for the time overcurrent relays and impedancebased protection utilized due to presence of distributed generation in the grid. The research method consists in analysis of transient characteristics of measured electrical quantities during fault situations. The results reveal negative impact of the DSTATCOM on the typical overcurrent protection, and impedance relays are proposed as a solution; furthermore, positive and adverse effects for them are also introduced. The findings help to disclose possible problems at planning stage and to establish directions for further studies.
Duplicate detection in XML data

Duplicate detection consists in detecting multiple representations of a same real-world object, and that for every object represented in a data source. Duplicate detection is relevant in data cleaning and data integration applications and has been studied extensively for relational data describing a single type of object in a single table. Our research focuses on iterative duplicate detection in XML data. We consider detecting duplicates in multiple types of objects related to each other and devise methods adapted to semi-structured XML data. Relationships between different types of objects either form a hierarchical structure (given by the hierarchical XML structure) or a graph structure (e.g.,given by referential constraints). Iterative duplicate detection require a similarity measure to compare pairs of object representations, called candidates, based on descriptive information of a candidate. The distinction between candidates and their description is not straightforward in XML, but we show that we can semi-automatically determine these descriptions using heuristics and conditions. Second, we define a similarity measure that is suited for XML data and that considers relationships between candidates. It considers data comparability, data relevance, data similarity, and distinguishes between missing and contradictory data. Experimental evaluation shows that our similarity measure outperforms existing similarity measures in terms of effectiveness. To avoid pairwise comparisons and thereby improve efficiency, but without compromising effectiveness, we propose three comparison strategies: The topdown algorithm is suited for hierarchically related candidates where nesting represents 1:N relationships, whereas the bottom-up algorithm is suited when nested candidates actually exist in an M:N relationships in the real world. When candidate relationships form a graph, the Reconsidering Algorithm re-compares candidate pairs to improve effectiveness. Using a comparison order that reduces the number of re-comparisons nevertheless allows efficient and effective duplicate detection. To scale to large amounts of data, we propose methods that interact with a database to handle retrieval, classification, and update of iteratively compared candidate pairs. Empirical evaluation shows that these methods scale linearly in time with the number of candidates, the connectivity of the graph, and the fraction of duplicates among all candidates. We are the first to obtain linear behavior for all these parameters, so, in summary, this thesis presents novel methods for effective, efficient, and scalable duplicate detection in graph, and in particular in XML data. Finally, we present XClean, the first system for declarative XML data cleaning, for which we defined operators and a specification language that is compiled to XQuery.
Mesoporous CuO Particles Threaded with CNTs for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Mesoporous CuO particles threaded with carbon nanotubes are suggested as a novel class of nanocomposite material for a high-performance anode in the lithium-ion batteries. The nanocomposite electrode exhibits a highly reversible capacity (650 mA h g(-1) at 0.1 C rate) and an excellent C rate capability (580 mA h g(-1) at 5 C, and 500 mA h g(-1) at 10 C).
Heterotic Target Space Dualities with Line Bundle Cohomology

Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten und Techniken zur Konstruktion von String-Modellen. In diesem Kontext ist es notig die Topologie von Calabi-Yau Mannigfaltigkeiten zu verstehen, da diese ausschlaggebend fur die Nullmodenstruktur des entsprechenden Differenzialoperators und damit fur das Teilchenspektrum der kompaktifizierten Niederenergietheorie ist. Fur diejenigen Calabi-Yau Raume, die als Unterraume torischer Varietaten definiert werden, sind alle topologischen Grosen in der Kohomololgie von Linienbundeln uber der entsprechenden torischen Varietat verschlusselt. Aus diesem Grund umfasst ein Teil dieser Dissertation die Entwicklung eines effizienten Algorithmus’ fur ihre Berechnung. Nach der mathematischen Vorbereitung widmen wir uns der Herleitung und dem Beweis des auf diese Weise entstandenen mathematischen Theorems. Wir untersuchen zudem eine Verallgemeinerung auf Raume, die durch das Herausteilen einer Zn-Symmetrie konstruiert werden. Anschliesend demonstrieren wir die zahlreichen Anwendungen dieser Methoden zur Konstruktion von String-Modellen. Auserdem finden wir einen Zusammenhang zwischen Kohomologiegruppen von Linienbundeln und getwisteten Sektoren von Landau-Ginzburg Modellen. Als nachstes nutzen wir die entwickelten Methoden um so genannte Zielraum Dualitaten zwischen heterotischen Modellen zu untersuchen. Diese Modelle weisen eine asymmetrische (0,2)-Weltflachensupersymmetrie auf und konnen uber geeichte lineare Sigma-Modelle formuliert werden, in welchen sie eine Phasenstruktur ausbilden. Es lasst sich nun zeigen, dass die Phasenraume verschiedener physikalischer Modelle durch nicht-geometrische Phasen miteinander verbunden sind, was eine hochgradig nicht-triviale Dualitat der entsprechenden Geometrien implizieren konnte. Unser Beitrag ist nun die Untersuchung der hierdurch verbundenen und daher potentiell dualen Modelle. Wir entwickeln ein Verfahren, welches die Konstruktion aller dualer Modelle zu einem beliebigen (0,2) Modell erlaubt und finden Evidenz dafur, dass es sich hierbei um eine echte Dualitat und nicht blos um einen Ubergang verschiedener physikalischer Modelle ineinander handelt. In diesem Kontext untersuchen wir verschiedenste Szenarien, u.A. Modelle mit den Eichgruppen E6, SO(10) und SU(5), sowie mit Kompaktifizierungsraumen der Kodimension eins und zwei. In einer Untersuchung der Stringlandschaft werden dazu uber 80.000 Raume auf diese Dualitat untersucht.
Malignant ovarian germ cell tumor in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency, characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT) in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during the period January 1992 - December 2000. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study MATERIAL AND METHOD All patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumor in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during the period January 1992 - December 2000 were analyzed by the characteristics of patients, treatment and outcome. RESULTS Sixty-six patients with MOGCT were demonstrated in that period with a mean age of 22.6 years old. Most of the patients were nulliparous and premenopausal status. Primary surgery was done in all patients. Forty-two patients (63.6%) received conservative surgery. Eight patients received no adjuvant treatment after surgery due to stage 1A dysgerminoma and immature teratoma stage I grade I. Fifty-six patients received chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment. VAC regimen was given in 27 cases (40.9%) and PVB regimen was given in 25 cases (37.9%). Salvage therapy in the patients with persistent and recurrent disease was treated in 9 patients, who received a platinum-base of regimen. Two-year survival was 88% with the median time to follow up 24 months. Overall five-year survival in the present study was 85%. CONCLUSION MOGCT in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital had clinical characteristics similar to other studies in malignant ovarian germ cell tumor Treatment by VAC regimen still has benefit in selected group.
[Cancer incidence among petrochemical workers in the Porto Torres industrial area, 1990-2006].

BACKGROUND Various epidemiological studies explored cancer mortality and incidence among petrochemical workers. We followed up cancer incidence in a cohort of 5350 male petrochemical workers in the industrial area of Porto Torres (Sardinia, Italy). MATERIAL AND METHODS The follow-up covered the period from 01/01/1990, when completeness of the cohort was certain and reference rates by the local Cancer Registry became available, up to 31/12/2006. Cohort members were subjects employed for six months or more in one of the chemical plants of the industrial area, alive as at 01/01/1990. Overall, a total of 81,392 person-years at risk were accumulated. The standardized incidence ratio (sir), as the ratio of observed to expected events, and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for all cancers and selected cancer sites, in the total cohort and in sub-cohorts of workers in plants where exposure to chemical agents evaluated in the IARC Monographs might have occurred. RESULTS An increase in risk for all cancers was observed in the total cohort (596 cases; sir = 1.09; 95% CI 1.00-1.18), and it was highest for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, 26 cases: sir = 1.78; 95% CI 1.22-2.62). Risk for haemolymphatic cancer was highest in the sub-cohort of workers employed for 10 years or more, with a latency period of 20 years or longer, and among those employed in the manufacture and polymerization of vinyl chloride (VCM; all cancers, 51 cases: sir = 1.43; 95% CI 1.08-1.88; NHL, 4 cases: sir=4.06; 95% CI 1.64-10.0). Risk of haemolymphatic cancer was not significantly elevated in the sub-cohort potentially exposed to benzene. An excess risk of bladder cancer (RR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.09-1.96), but not of pleural cancer, was observed in the sub-cohort potentially exposed to asbestos. No significant increase in cancer risk was observed among workers potentially exposed to acrylonitrile, butadiene, or styrene. CONCLUSIONS Our follow-up study of petrochemical workers showed an increase in risk for all cancers, and particularly NHL, apparently concentrated among workers potentially exposed to VCM
Effect of the immunosuppressants on hepatocyte cells proliferation and apoptosis during liver regeneration after hepatectomy – molecular studies

Abstract: The regeneration and remodeling of the transplanted liver is the result of hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis (programmed cell death). The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of immunosuppressants on the expression levels of genes: IL‐6 (regulator of hepatocyte proliferation), pro‐apoptotic (Bak and Bax) and anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐Xl and Bcl‐2). 36 newborn suckling rats (age 5–7 days, weight 6–10 g) were divided into four groups: hepatectomy, hepatectomy plus methylprednisolone, hepatectomy plus CsA and hepatectomy plus Tac. The same experiments were performed in 24 weaning rats (age 21–23 days, weight 30–50 g). The animals were killed one day after the hepatectomy and the remnant livers were analyzed. The livers of all animals exhibited histological changes of liver regeneration. The immunosuppressants did not promote any alteration on IL‐6 gene expression levels. Methylprednisolone and CsA increased the expression levels of Bak gene in newborn rats. However, methylprednisolone and Tac promoted increased expression levels of Bcl‐2 in all groups. We hypothesize that these effects explain the efficacy of these drugs on the treatment of acute and chronic liver rejection as the expression of Bcl‐2 in cholangiocytes is decreased as a consequence of bile duct lesions.
High path-count multirate Rayleigh fading channel simulator with time-multiplexed datapath

In this paper we introduce an especially compact architecture for the high-throughput simulation of Rayleigh fading channels and hence the verification of high path count wireless systems at hardware speeds. The new architecture utilizes a time-multiplexed scheme that allows the fading channel simulator to be fit into a small fraction of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Implementing a 64-path fading channel simulator on a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro XC2VP100-6 FPGA uses only 29% of the configurable slices, 2% of the block memories, and 1% of the dedicated multipliers, while generating 64×238 million complex-valued fading samples per second.
Oxygen mass transfer in a model three-dimensional artery

Arterial geometry is commonly non-planar and associated with swirling blood flow. In this study, we examine the effect of arterial three-dimensionality on the distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) and the mass transfer of oxygen from the blood to the vessel wall in a U-bend, by modelling the blood vessels as either cylindrical or helical conduits. The results show that under physiological flow conditions, three-dimensionality can reduce both the range and extent of low WSS regions and substantially increase oxygen flux through the walls. The Sherwood number and WSS distributions between the three-dimensional helical model and a human coronary artery show remarkable qualitative agreement, implying that coronary arteries may potentially be described with a relatively simple idealized three-dimensional model, characterized by a small number of well-defined geometric parameters. The flow pattern downstream of a planar bend results in separation of the Sh number and WSS effects, a finding that implies means of investigating them individually.
The role of catechols and free radicals in benzene toxicity: An oxidative DNA damage pathway

Benzene is a widespread volatile compound and an environmental contaminant. Since it causes important toxic effects in workers exposed to low levels, long‐term exposure to this compound has been extensively studied. Leukemia, blood disorders, bone marrow depression, and some types of cancer are directly related to benzene‐initiated toxicity. Bioactivation of benzene can lead to the formation of hazardous metabolites such as phenol, hydroquinone, and catechol. Catechol forms semiquinones and reactive quinones that are presumed to play an important role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS formation can directly induce single and double strand breaks in the DNA, oxidized nucleotides, and hyper‐recombination, and consequently produces deleterious genetic changes. In this review, we have addressed the cytotoxic effects of benzene and its main metabolite, catechol, focusing on the oxidative pathway and further DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bacteriophage T7 mRNA is polyadenylated

To determine whether the RNA of bacterial viruses is polyadenylated like bacterial mRNAs, pulse‐labelled as well as the steady‐state population of bacteriophage T7‐specific transcripts were examined for the presence of poly(A) tracts by binding to oligo(dT) cellulose followed by hybridization with specific gene probes. Representatives of all classes of bacteriophage‐specific mRNA — early, middle and late — were found to be polyadenylated. This conclusion was confirmed by screening the products of oligo(dT)‐dependent cDNA synthesis. A cDNA library was prepared from RNA synthesized after bacteriophage T7 infection and the sequence of bacteriophage‐specific clones was determined to define the sites of polyadenylation. About half of the clones were polyadenylated near the end of a protein‐coding region, one of them at the site of post‐transcriptional processing by RNase III. Other clones were polyadenylated within protein‐coding regions. These observations suggest that polyadenylation occurs after the nucleolytic processing of primary transcripts and in some cases also after mRNA degradation has already begun.
The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks in the U

This paper uses a data rich environment to produce direct econometric estimates of macroeconomic and nancial uncertainty in the United Kingdom for the period 19912016. These indices exhibit signi cant independent variation from popular proxies for macroeconomic and nancial uncertainty. We identify the impact of uncertainty shocks using narrative sign restrictions which allows us to exploit individual historic events to separate the impact of macroeconomic, nancial and credit shocks on real variables. Using only traditional sign restrictions, we nd that real e ects of macroeconomic uncertainty shocks is generally weaker than proxies suggest and that the e ect depends on an subsequent rises in nancial uncertainty and credit spreads to have a negative impact on GDP. Exploiting narrative events such as the disorderly exit from the Exchange Rate Mechanism, dot-com recession and nancial crisis support this nding. However, conditioning on narrative events more closely associated with political uncertainty, i.e. tight general elections, suggests a stronger impact response of GDP to macro uncertainty shocks. We nd these results are robust to controlling for both nancial and global uncertainty.