Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival of root filled cracked teeth in a tertiary institution.

AIM To assess the survival rate of root filled cracked teeth over a 2-year period in a tertiary institute. METHODOLOGY Forty-nine patients who had root canal treatment completed on their cracked teeth at the National Dental Centre (Singapore) were recalled for a 2-year review. Collected review data included presence of periodontal pocketing, sinus tract and swelling associated with the teeth. The date of extraction was noted if a tooth was missing at review. Pre-treatment data collected were number, extent and location of crack, presence of periodontal pocketing, patients' age and gender, location of cracked teeth, type of teeth and presence of terminal cracked tooth. RESULTS Fifty teeth in 49 patients were included. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 2-year survival rate was 85.5% (95% confidence interval: 75.5-95.5). Cracked teeth which were the terminal teeth in the dental arch (RR = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.0, P = 0.04), teeth with pre-root filling periodontal pocketing (RR = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.0, P = 0.04) and teeth with multiple cracks (RR = infinity, 95% CI: 1.9-infinity, P = 0.01) were more likely to be extracted. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, multiple cracks, terminal teeth and pre-root filling pocketing were significant prognostic factors for the survival of root filled cracked teeth.
Changes in the electrical activity of dog cardiac Purkinje fibres at high heart rates.

Rate‐dependent changes in the electrical activity of dog Purkinje fibres have been studied. At high rates of stimulation the rate of repolarization is greater, the action potential is shorter, the maximum diastolic potential is increased, the pace‐maker potential is reduced in amplitude, and on cessation of rapid stimulation there can be a suppression of spontaneous activity. After an increase of the stimulus frequency there is an abrupt shortening of the action potential, which can be attributed to incomplete recovery of the plateau currents; this is followed by a progressive decline in action potential duration over the next several hundred seconds. The factor responsible for the slow changes in duration could also be responsible for the accompanying increase in maximum diastolic potential because this develops along a similar time course. These slow changes in electrical activity have been investigated with the phase‐plane technique. They are the result of an increase in the net outward current over a wide range of potentials (approximately ‐10 to approximately ‐90 mV) during the repolarization phase of the action potential. In voltage‐clamp experiments background current has been observed to be strongly rate dependent: the background current during a test voltage‐clamp pulse after a train of action potentials is more outward at higher stimulus frequencies. When the frequency is increased, background current slowly becomes more outward over several hundred seconds, and this change therefore occurs along the appropriate time course to explain the slow alteration in electrical activity under these conditions. The extra outward background current at high rates is relatively independent of membrane potential in the range from ‐110 to ‐40 mV (more circumstantial evidence indicates that this range may extend to at least +10 mV); this potential dependence is similar to that of the Na‐K‐pump current (Eisner & Lederer, 1980). Strophanthidin and ouabain, agents known to block the Na‐K pump, alter both the changes in background current and the slow rate‐dependent changes in electrical activity. Although after an increase in rate there is a gradual change in background current that can be explained by an increase in electrogenic Na‐K‐pump activity, the initial effect of switching rate is to produce a change in current that is consistent with an increase of the extracellular K concentration. A transient increase in the K concentration of restricted extracellular clefts has been recorded under these conditions in dog Purkinje strands by Kline & Kupersmith (1982) using K‐sensitive microelectrodes. The effect on electrical activity of these changes is discussed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Aerobic Fitness in Futsal Players of Different Competitive Level

Álvarez, JCB, D'ottavio, S, Vera, JG, and Castagna, C. Aerobic fitness in futsal players of different competitive level. J Strength Cond Res 23(7): 2163-2166, 2009-Recently the use of small-sided games (mainly 5 vs. 5) proved to be a valid training method to improve aerobic fitness in soccer. Thus, it could be hypothesized that professional futsal (soccer 5-a-side indoor version) players may possess a well-developed aerobic fitness as a consequence of training and game participation. The aim of this study was to examine maximal oxygen uptake (&OV0312;O2max), ventilatory threshold (VT), and running economy (RE, &OV0312;O2 at 8 km·h−1) of futsal players of different competitive levels to determine whether aerobic fitness is a discriminative variable for futsal success. Subjects were 24 male futsal players from a professional top-ranked second division team (PT, n = 11) and a semi-professional top-ranked third division team (ST, n = 13). Aerobic fitness was assessed with a running protocol performed on a motor-driven treadmill. Professional team and ST players' &OV0312;O2max were 62.9 ± 5.3 and 55.2 ± 5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1, respectively (p < 0.05). RE was 34.1 ± 2.7 and 32.4 ± 2.7 mL·kg−1·min−1 for PT and ST, respectively (p >0.05). PT and ST attained VT at 70.5 ± 2.7 and 71.3 ± 5.2% of &OV0312;O2max, respectively (p > 0.05). Results showed that &OV0312;O2max may be considered a competitive-level dependent physical variable in futsal. VO2max values of or above 60 mL·kg−1·min−1 are advisable to play futsal at the professional level.
The effects of preoperative non-invasive cardiac tests on delay to surgery and subsequent mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of preoperative cardiac tests on the surgical treatment plan and subsequent effects on mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture. METHODS In this retrospective study, 116 patients aged 60 years or above who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2010-2013 were evaluated. Of the patients with similar preoperative clinical risk factors, 20 patients with additional preoperative cardiac tests such as echocardiography or thalium scintigraphy constituted Group 1, whereas 28 patients without additional cardiac tests constituted Group 2. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 21 statistical package software. Normal distribution of the data was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test and histography. Intergroup and mortality comparisons were performed by Mann-Whitney U, Yates-corrected chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS The mean time between fracture and operation was 6 days (range, 4-14) in Group 1, and 2 days (range, 0-3) in Group 2. There was a significant difference in time-to-operation between the groups (p< 0.001). The age and gender distribution of both groups were homomgenous (p= 0.64, p= 1.0). Both groups were comparable in terms of fracture type, treatment, and anesthesia (p= 0.36, p= 0.42, p= 1.0). At the end of 1 year, six (30%) patients in Group 1 and three (10.7%) patients in Group 2 were deceased. Both groups were comparable in terms of mortality (p= 0.137). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of complications (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Unnecessary cardiac tests in elderly patients with hip fracture led to a delay in their surgery, yet did not change their cardiac treatment plan. This delay in obtaining hip fracture surgery increases complication rates, hospitalization duration, and costs.
An approach to determining the sampling effort for analyzing biofilm-dwelling ciliate colonization using an artificial substratum in coastal waters

A new approach to determining sampling effort for analyzing biofilm-dwelling ciliate colonization was studied in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China, from May to June 2010. The optimal sample size for evaluating biofilm-dwelling ciliate colonization increased with shortening exposure time, and can be determined according to the probability of recovering those species with a specified cumulative contribution to communities. More slide-replicates were required at a depth of 3 m than at 1 m to recover equivalent proportions of the ciliate communities. For routine colonization dynamics analyses, 10 slide-replicates (175 cm2) were sufficient to achieve a 95% probability of recovering those species with a cumulative contribution of >90% to the ciliate communities at a depth of 1 m. These results suggest that 10 slide-replicates immersed at a depth of 1 m may be an optimal sampling strategy for analyzing the colonization dynamics of biofilm-dwelling ciliate communities in marine habitats.
Baseball in the Background: Season Ticket Holder Retention in Summer Collegiate Baseball

BASEBALL IN THE BACKGROUND: SEASON TICKET HOLDER RETENTION IN SUMMER COLLEGIATE BASEBALL SUSAN WALLRICH 2018 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate season ticket purchasing motives in summer collegiate baseball, specifically in the Northwoods League. The Sport Fan Motivation Scale (Wann, Schrader, & Wilson, 1999) was used in this study to determine fan attendance motives at summer collegiate baseball games. The literature review examines fan motivation, sports as entertainment, and season-ticket holder retention. The results from this study were obtained by administering a modified version of the Sport Fan Motivation Scale (Wann et al., 1999), a 20-question, 5 point, Likert scale survey to season ticket holders of a Northwoods League team. The outcome of this research revealed that sport marketers may want to focus a majority of their attention to entertainment, considering the top three sport motivation factors were entertainment related: 1) I enjoy summer collegiate baseball because of the entertainment value; 2) I enjoy watching, reading, and/or discussing summer collegiate baseball; 3) to me, summer collegiate baseball spectating is simply a form of recreation.
Coronary artery fistula in adults: evaluation with dual-source CT coronary angiography.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical value of dual-source CT (DSCT) coronary angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery fistula (CAF) in adults. METHODS A large cohort of 17,548 patients, who underwent DSCT coronary angiography in our hospital between January 2008 and October 2013, were retrospectively reviewed for CAF. The origin, course and drainage site of CAF and coexisting abnormalities were analysed. The conventional angiography results, treatments and follow-up DSCT images were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 33 CAFs from 17,548 patients were detected. The incidence of CAF was 0.19% by DSCT. CAF originating from the left coronary artery (LCA) was found in 14 (42.4%) patients, from right coronary artery (RCA) in 4 (12.1%) cases and from both LCA and RCA in 15 (45.5%) patients. The pulmonary artery was the most common site of drainage (28/33, 84.8%). 8 of the 33 (24.2%) cases were associated with aneurysms. Six cases were associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. Four patients underwent conventional angiography. CONCLUSION Coronary-pulmonary artery fistula in adults was found more often than in previous studies. CAF commonly originates from LCA or both LCA and RCA in adults. DSCT is a robust tool for investigating the origin, course and drainage site of CAF and coexistent abnormalities. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE A large adult patient cohort who underwent DSCT angiography was reviewed to assess CAFs. Coronary-pulmonary artery fistula in adults was found more often than in previous studies. CAF was observed to originate from the LCA or both coronary arteries in adults. DSCT could clearly depict the fistula origin, course, drainage site and coexisting abnormalities. Conventional angiography results, treatments and follow-up DSCT images were analysed.
The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Auditor Independence, Internal Control, and Ethical Leadership in Good Governance and Organizational PerformanceGood Governance and Organizational Performance

Indonesia public sector faces new public management problems, such as good governance since reformation era. This is because there is dynamic changing in public sector organization. In contrast, processes of individual and organization improvement are rising up lately. Thus, this study aims to empirically examine the effect of organizational commitment, auditor independence, internal control, and ethical leadership in good governance and organizational performance. A quantitative approach is used in this study by collecting primary data. Results show organizational commitment, auditor independence, and ethical leadership significantly influences the implementation of good governance. While the internal control do not significantly affect the application of good governance. In this study also found that organizational commitment, good governance implementation has direct and significant impact on the performance of the organization. Ethical leadership directly affects organizational performance but not significantly. While internal controls had no significant effect on the performance of the organization with coefficient -0.140. In short, to strengthening public sector organization, it needs good governance, organizational commitment through ethical leadership. Keywords—governance, organizational commitment, auditor independence, leadership, and performance.
Occupational Injuries in Swedish Agriculture: Development and Preventive Actions

Abstract. A comprehensive survey of injuries in Swedish agriculture was completed in 2013. The aim was to update the statistics on injuries and to compare them with data for 2004. The results were intended to provide a basis for evaluating the effect of Swedish initiatives to reduce occupational injuries in agriculture. In 2013, there were about 63,000 active farms in Sweden, and questionnaires with 21 questions were sent out to a sample of 6000 of these farms. The most important question was whether any injuries had occurred during 2013. Farms that reported injuries were contacted by telephone with additional questions about the injuries. A total of 3375 farms (56%) responded to the questionnaire. After population-level extrapolation, there were approximately 4400 injuries in Swedish agriculture during 2013 (66% in farming, 18% in mixed farming-forestry, and 14% in other related business activities). According to official statistics, there were only about 344 registered occupational injuries, which means that only 7% of the injuries reported in the questionnaire responses were listed in official statistics. In all, at least one injury occurred on about 7% of all enterprises with farming or combined farming-forestry. About 70% of the affected farms had animals, and 17% of all dairy farms had one or more injuries during 2013. According to this study, the overall number of injuries on farms had fallen by about 12% in 2013 compared with the corresponding study in 2004. Taking into account the reduced labor demand in agriculture and the decline in the number of farms since 2004, the rate of injury has not been reduced. To reduce occupational injuries in agriculture, in recent years the industry and government have been working intensively on work environment advice and training for farmers. Our study showed that farmers who received work environment advice and training introduced more measures to prevent injuries than those without any advisory input. It is alarming that despite all efforts to reduce injuries in agriculture, the level is still very high compared with other industries. Safety campaigns and more permanent safety initiatives in agriculture are needed to raise awareness of occupational risk factors and encourage safe behaviors.
WHAT MAKES URBAN FOOD POLICY HAPPEN? Insights from five case studies

The objective of this report is to provide insights into the factors that enable the development and delivery of urban food policies and how these enablers can be harnessed and barriers overcome. By exploring a series of case studies, the report shares lessons that cities of all sizes and at all stages of food policy development — from small towns that are taking their first steps in designing food-related policy, to big cities that are striving to maintain highly-developed, integrated policies — can learn from as they work to improve their food system.
CT and pathologic assessment of prospective nodal staging in patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to compare the assessment of peripancreatic lymph nodes using CT with the gold standard of detailed histopathologic assessment of resected specimens in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sixty-two patients with presumed pancreatic carcinoma were prospectively studied with dual-phase contrast-enhanced helical CT, and images were interpreted in consensus by three radiologists. Complete surgical resection was performed in 28 patients. A detailed nodal classification system was used for radiologic, surgical, and pathologic staging in the nine patients whose final diagnosis at histology was pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Forty lymph nodes were prospectively identified on CT in these nine patients. Two of 23 nodes (9%) measuring less than 5 mm in the short-axis diameter were malignant, four of 11 nodes (36%) measuring 5-10 mm were malignant, and one of six nodes (17%) larger than 10 mm was malignant. Using a short-axis diameter of greater than 10 mm as the criterion for nodal involvement, we found a sensitivity of 14% (1/7) and a specificity of 85% (28/33), with a positive predictive value of 17% (1/6), a negative predictive value of 82% (28/34), and an overall accuracy of 73% (29/40). Ovoid nodal shape, clustering of nodes, and the absence of a fatty hilum were not useful predictors of malignancy on CT. CONCLUSION In resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, CT is not accurate overall for the prediction of nodal involvement. In a patient with presumed pancreatic carcinoma that is considered to be resectable, the depiction on CT of peripancreatic nodes should not prevent attempted curative resection.
Determinants of Saving Behavior: An Empirical Study among Private Universities Students in Selangor

Nowadays, most of the university students are already accumulating substantial debts from higher education fee loans, personal bank loans or overused of credit cards. The saving behaviour among students is significantly important as they are easily exposed to be blacklisted borrowers. Therefore, this study examines the factors that influence studentsâ€™ saving behaviour among private universities in Selangor. Six variables are included namely; education level, programme, gender, race, family background and financial literacy. The result indicates that saving behaviour is influenced by education programme, family background and financial literacy. On the ground of determination of core problems, educators and regulators are able to develop appropriate programs and design relevant financial courses to help students in managing personal money and avoid the debt tracks. Furthermore, retail banks can therefore develop more appropriate marketing strategies to tap and penetrate young savers in Malaysia
Nonfinancial Measures and Fraud Risk: Evaluating Investors’ Reactions to Greater Transparency

Prior research indicates that fraud firms, relative to their non-fraud competitors, exhibit abnormal inconsistencies between financial and nonfinancial measures (NFM red flags) in their 10-Ks prior to the detection of fraud. NFM red flags, compared to financial red flags (e.g., accrual red flag), may be more easily interpreted by nonprofessional investors and, as such, be useful in protecting these investors from fraudulent investments. However, NFM red flags are not typically transparent to investors, as NFMs (e.g., number of employees, stores, products) tend to be dispersed throughout a 10-K. We examine whether increased transparency in the comparison of financial measures and NFMs influences investors’ reactions to the risk of fraudulent financial reporting. Participants in our experimental study receive financial statement information for a hypothetical firm that exhibits a substantial inconsistency between net income and cash flow from operations. We manipulate the presence of an NFM red flag and the transparency of the comparison of financial measures and NFMs. When both the accrual and NFM red flag are present (i.e., higher fraud risk firm), investors choose significantly lower investment levels when presented with a transparent comparison of financial measures and NFMs. When both financial and NFM red flags are present but not transparent (as is the case in the current reporting environment), investors continue to invest in firms where losses from fraud are more likely. Our results illustrate that increased transparency in the comparison of financial measures and NFMs can help protect investors from fraudulent investments.
Pictorial Representation and Metaphor in Visual Language Design

Abstract This paper reports the results of seven different experiments, assessing the benefit that users gain from the inclusion of pictorial features such as pictorial metaphor, visual mnemonics or support for visual imagery in visual languages. The experiments are based on typical programming tasks such as problem solving, construction and interpretation. They employed a number of experimental languages, including both implicit pictorial representations and explicitly verbal metaphorical explanations. The results of these experiments indicate that special design considerations apply to visual languages. Direct application of Graphical User Interface metaphors does not result in automatic improvements in usability of visual languages for typical programming tasks. Visual languages can benefit from pictorial mnemonics, but systematic explanatory metaphors (whether visual or verbal) are less useful than consistent presentation of language abstractions.
A comparison of free access, multiple stimulus without replacement, and concurrent schedule preference assessment methods for evaluating food preference

Outcomes from three preference assessment methods were examined in a study of food preference with goats. The methods used were: free access, multiple stimulus without replacement, and a concurrent schedule analysis. Results from each method were compared, in terms of the preference ranking they produced. Two male goats, one domesticated wild goat and one Saanen, were used as subjects in this study. Each method yielded similar results, although the concurrent schedule test provided more comprehensive information than either of the other methods. There was moderate agreement between the multiple stimulus without replacement and the concurrent schedule tests, however the free access procedure identified only the two most highly preferred items and provided limited information on preference level of the remaining food items. Five foods were tested in this experiment, all of different texture and composition – crushed maize, sheep and goat pellets, chopped lucerne, lucerne haylage, and timothy and lucerne haylage. During the free access, goats were given unrestricted access to a particular food for 12 seconds. During the multiple stimulus without replacement, goats were presented with all five foods simultaneously and allowed to make one choice. Once the subject had selected a food by pressing the respective cover with their muzzle, that cover was removed to allow access to that food only. When the subject stopped eating, the cover was replaced subjects could then select another food. This process was repeated until either all five feeds had been sampled or goats had not made contact with any covers for fifteen seconds. The concurrent schedule test