Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cache invalidation and propagation in distributed caching

Replication and caching strategies are increasingly being used to improve performance and reduce user perceived delays in distributed environments. A query can be answered much faster by accessing a cached copy than by making a database roundtrip. This setting creates a number of important issues such as maintaining consistency among copies of the same data item. Numerous techniques have been proposed to achieve caching and replication while maintaining consistency among the replicas. A closer investigation of these schemes reveals that no one scheme can be optimal for all environments. In this study we look at invalidation protocols for achieving consistency in systems that use distributed caching. We propose heuristics for dynamic adaptation of these protocols for cache consistency. These heuristics aim at propagating invalidations while reducing the cost of data transfer.
The Effect of Interstitial Nitrogen Addition on the Structural Properties of Supercells of NdFe12-xTix

We investigated the effect of nitrogenation on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \times 3 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> supercell structures of NdFe<sub>12-<italic>x</italic></sub> Ti<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x = 0.028$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x = 1.56$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (~0.2Ti at. % to ~12Ti at. %). We used the molecular dynamics and Boltzmann probabilities to permeate titanium into NdFe<sub>12-<italic>x</italic></sub> Ti<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> across the investigated range, before nitrogenating the minimum energy structures that resulted at each permutation step. By comparison of the nitrogenated and base structures, we found that the cohesive energy gains caused by nitrogenation are mainly due to a large asymmetry introduced into the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c$ </tex-math></inline-formula> lattice parameter and the efficacy of nitrogenation decreases with increasing titanium at. %.
Emotions in the Workplace

In this chapter, the authors build on the classic theories from the previous chapter to better understand the role of emotion in the workplace. They introduce the field of organisational behaviour, which deals with what people, as individuals or groups, do in an organisation, and how what they do affects the organisation itself. Although it would be impossible to present all matters related to organisational behaviour as a discipline, the authors discuss issues concerning diversity in the workplace, as well as considering personal attributes that can influence behaviour and decision making in the organisation. While offering a clear definition of moods versus emotion, they also tackle the impact of personality, personality traits, and values in the workplace.
Nonlocal transport in fusion-relevant plasmas

Trying to accurately predict results of fusion experiments by means of computer simulations has long been a formidable challenge in both inertial and magnetic confinement approaches. This thesis evaluates and builds on three different models suggested for approximating 'nonlocal' corrections to electron heat transport that arise due to presence of steep temperature gradients: Schurtz, Nicolai and Busquet's multigroup diffusion model (SNB), Ji and Held's moment based approach (EIC), and the non-Fourier Landau-fluid model of Dimits, Joseph and Umansky (NFLF). It is found that, while the EIC and NFLF models are most successful in matching fully kinetic behaviour for small relative temperature perturbations to high degrees of nonlocality, they overestimate the peak heat flow by as much as 35% and fail to predict preheat in more realistic test problems where relative temperature differences are large. Instead, the popular SNB model proves to be more reliable in such situations with the caveat that its optimal implementation is found to differ significantly in its predictions from that typically used in rad-hydro codes. These conclusions are supported by a number of test problems benchmarked against Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations as well as a thorough mathematical analysis of the damping of low-amplitude temperature sinusoids. The majority of test problems presented will be more relevant to indirect drive inertial fusion, but consequences of modelling nonlocality in tokamak heat exhausts shall also be briefly considered. Furthermore, the consequence of incorporating the identified optimal implementation of the SNB model in the LLNL code HYDRA is considered. Finally, a simple method to incorporate nonlocal effects on the Nernst advection of magnetic fields down steep temperature gradients is presented, based on the assumption that the relationship between the Nernst velocity and the heat flow velocity is unaffected by nonlocality. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in a number of inertial fusion scenarios.
Prospects of strongly lensed repeating fast radio bursts: Complementary constraints on dark energy evolution

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly dispersed and probably extragalactic radio flashes with millisecond-duration. Recently, the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (using the CHIME/FRB instrument) has reported detections of 13 FRBs during a pre-commissioning phase. It is more exciting that one of the 13 FRBs is a second source of repeaters which suggests that CHIME/FRB and other wide-field sensitive radio telescopes will find a substantial population of repeating FRBs. We have proposed strongly lensed repeating FRBs as a precision cosmological probe, e.g. constraining the Hubble constant and model-independently estimating the cosmic curvature. Here, we study complementary constraints on the equation of state of dark energy from strongly lensed FRBs to currently available popular probes. It is found that, in the framework of Chevalier-Polarski-Linder parametrization, adding time delay measurement of 30 strongly lensed FRB systems to cosmic microwave background radiation and type Ia supernovae can improve the dark energy figure of merit by a factor 2. In the precision cosmology era, this improvement is of great significance for studying the nature of dark energy.
Dimension free Harnack inequalities on $\RCD(K, \infty)$ spaces

The dimension free Harnack inequality for the heat semigroup is established on the $\RCD(K,\infty)$ space, which is a non-smooth metric measure space having the Ricci curvature bounded from below in the sense of Lott-Sturm-Villani plus the Cheeger energy being quadratic. As its applications, the heat semigroup entropy-cost inequality and contractivity properties of the semigroup are studied, and a strong enough Gaussian concentration implying the log-Sobolev inequality is also shown as a generalization of the one on the smooth Riemannian manifold.
The Delay Simulation on Hierarchical Structure for Semi-Double Track of Railway Line Using Max-Plus Algebra

The persistently inequality of development between major cities and surrounding areas caused the displacement process, that are transport of supplies or human itself (urbanization) or commonly known as the transportation. The government has set a number of policies to overcome transportation problems, for example construct a double track railway line. This study aimed to find an alternative solution to overcome the problems of transportation, especially railway line by optimizing of using single track railway line which is given the term semi-double track using Petri Nets and Max-Plus Algebra. In the previous research, a Max-Plus algebra model has been developed based on the hierarchical structure of semi-double track railway line. In this research, the model is simulated against the problem of delay.
The Derivation of the General Form of Kinematics with the Universal Reference System

In the article, the whole class of time and position transformations was derived. These transformations were derived based on the analysis of the Michelson-Morley experiment and its improved version, that is the Kennedy-Thorndike experiment. It is possible to derive a different kinematics of bodies based on each of these transformations. In this way, we demonstrated that the Special Theory of Relativity is not the only theory explaining the results of experiments with light. There is the whole continuum of the theories of kinematics of bodies which correctly explain the Michelson-Morley experiment and other experiments in which the velocity of light is measured. Based on the derived transformations, we derive the general formula for the velocity of light in vacuum measured in any inertial reference system. We explain why the Michelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments could not detect the ether. We present and discuss three examples of specific transformations. Finally, we explain the phenomenon of anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation by means of the presented theory. The theory derived in this work is called the Special Theory of Ether - with any transverse contraction.
Numerical Evaluations of Different Mechanisms to Produce Large-Scale Waves in the Solar Chromosphere

In this work we examine the capability of two models to produce a Moreton wave, a type of large-scale wave which travels on the solar chromosphere at speeds of the order of fast magnetosonic waves. The ﬁrst model consists in a blast-wave scenario associated with a ﬂare event, which produces a very large release of energy in the form of a pressure pulse whose expansion causes a shock wave travelling in the solar corona. The second model consists in a ﬂux rope rise produced by a coronal mass ejection (CME), whose movement generates a bow-shock ascending in the corona. The effect of the bowshock ﬂanks on the chromosphere is believed by some authors to be responsible for the Moreton wave generation. The goal of this work is to analyze whether these models are capable of producing largescale waves phenomena in the solar atmosphere. For this purpose we implement numerical simulation of each model using adequate parameters to represent the solar environment. The results are numerically obtained by the use of the FLASH code, a powerful magnetohydrodynamics simulation tool capable of handling general compressible ﬂow problems in many astrophysical environments, allowing for adaptive mesh reﬁnement (AMR) and efﬁcient parallel computing. The numerical results are compared with observations of an actual Moreton event in order to evaluate if the local density enhancements on the chromosphere produced by each model are large enough to be captured by solar telescopes.
PENGARUH WORD OF MOUTH, HARGA PRODUK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK MINUMAN JAHE MERAH INSTAN

A BSTRAK PENGARUH WORD OF MOUTH, HARGA PRODUK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK MINUMAN JAHE MERAH INSTAN (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Rumah Tangga Enam Putri Jakarta). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Word of Mouth , Harga Produk dan Kualitas Produk secara parsial dan simultan.Penelitian bersifat kausalitas dengan pengujian hipotesis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan produk minuman jahe merah instan pada Industri Rumah Tangga Enam Putri Jakarta dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 94 orang, sampling dengan teknik aksidental. Metode Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dengan skala Likert, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas,Uji Asumsi Klasik, Uji Regresi linier berganda, Uji Koefisien Determinasi,Uji Parsial(Uji t), dan Uji Simultan (Uji F). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Word of Mouth, Harga Produk, Kualitas Produk, memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Industri Rumah Tangga Enam Putri, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai sig 0,000 dan 0,000 Ftabel (2,71), dengan pengaruh sebesar 98,1% sedangkan sebesar 1,9 % dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian ini dengan model regresi linier berganda Y=2,094 + 0,09X1-0,012X2+0,581X3. Kata kunci: Word of Mouth , Harga Produk, Kualitas Produk, dan Keputusan Pembelian ABSTRACT The purpose of this study to determine the effect of Word of Mouth, Price and Quality of Products both partial and simultan.Penelitian natural causality with hypothesis testing. The population in this study is a customer drinks red ginger products in the Industry of Household Six Women Jakarta and the number of samples of 94 people, accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire with Likert scale, observation and study of literature. Data were analyzed using validity, reliability testing, Classical assumption test, multiple linear regression, Determinants coefficient test, partial test (t test), and a Simultaneous Test (Test F). The results showed that the variables of Word of Mouth, Price List, Quality Products, has a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions on Industry Household Six Daughter, either partially or simultaneously. This is evident from the sig 0.000 and 0.000 F table (2.71), with effect from 98.1%, while 1.9% are influenced by other factors beyond the research multiple linear regression model Y = 2.094 + 0,09X1-0,012X2 + 0,581X3. Keywords: Word of Mouth, Product Pricing, Product Quality, and Purchasing decision
Entropy-Time Relationship in an Isochoric Adiabatic System

The fundamental equation that connects the magnitudes entropy and time has been found out by static thermodynamics for the first time: dS/S = dVI/V0 = kdτ, VI internal volume. Constant k also equals dT/Tdτ and is an individual characteristic for each isochoric adiabatic system in evolution. The constancy of k does not hold for a nonisochoric adiabatic system. In such manner time is introduced in the frame of thermodynamic variables as a genuine magnitude. The theoretically deduced entropy-time differential equation is empirically upheld by Newton cooling law. It was found in connection with an a priory, uncritical notion of thermodynamic equilibrium that irreversible heat capacity (CIR = TΔS/ΔT) drawing near to thermodynamic equilibrium is an indicator for the equilibrium. CIR is alike to statistical Boltzmann H in the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium, and the undisclosed connection of H with temperature is presented. The integrated entropy-time equation was modified by rotation of the coordinate axes to fulfill the necessary thermodynamic condition that pertinent irreversible heat (QIR = TΔS) is smaller than reversible heat (dQ = TdS), which is not embodied in the primitive S-τ differential equation. This thermodynamically indispensable rotation gives rise to an otherwise naive maximal entropy and an entropy-time maximum point. The transformation conveys a contraction of both entropy and time and is in agreement with the principle of minimal action.
Multigrid for second‐order ADN elliptic systems

This paper theoretically examines a multigrid strategy for solving systems of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) introduced in the work of Lee. Unlike most multigrid solvers that are constructed directly from the whole system operator, this strategy builds the solver using a factorization of the system operator. This factorization is composed of an algebraic coupling term and a diagonal (decoupled) differential operator. Exploiting the factorization, this approach can produce decoupled systems on the coarse levels. The corresponding coarse‐grid operators are in fact the Galerkin variational coarsening of the diagonal differential operator. Thus, rather than performing delicate coarse‐grid selection and interpolation weight procedures on the original strongly coupled system as often done, these procedures are isolated to the diagonal differential operator. To establish the theoretical results, however, we assume that these systems of PDEs are elliptic in the Agmon–Douglis–Nirenberg (ADN) sense and apply the factorization and multigrid only to the principal part of the system of PDEs. Two‐grid error bounds are established for the iteration applied to the complete system of PDEs. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this strategy and to expose factors that affect the convergence of the methods derived from this strategy.
On gravity-driven flow

This thesis investigates three areas of scientific interest under the umbrella of gravitydriven flow. In the first problem we analyse the effect of curved boundaries on the evolution of finite-release low-Reynolds-number exchange flow. From the equations of motion in an annular geometry we derive the governing nonlinear PDE for the evolution of the density interface. Systematically varying the initial conditions leads to the recognition that there are different routes to equilibrium. Asymptotic analysis of squeezing and draining limits allows us to find analytical solutions with good agreement to the numerical solutions. Finally, we show the time taken to reach equilibrium can vary by two orders of magnitude. We relate these time scales to the application of displacing drilling lubricant by cement in a horizontal oil well. In the second problem we develop a simplified theory relating the downstream structure of horizontally propagating turbulent gravity currents to uniform source conditions. We constrain the downstream solutions by conserving the flux of horizontal buoyancy and momentum. With an experimentally motivated ansatz that the downstream horizontal velocity and buoyancy structure is either i) entirely linearly stratified ii) consists of a well-mixed uniform lower region overlain by a linearly stratified region, we can relate the upstream conditions to the downstream conditions as a function of source Froude number, downstream gradient Richardson number, and a shape factor φ. These solutions lead to global constraints on the entrainment flux and energy dissipation of transitioning currents. In the third problem, we present a series of new numerical simulations on twodimensional gravity currents propagating down a rigid inclined boundary. From the data generated by the simulations we can estimate the rate of entrainment E of these currents, and present this data over a range of angles θ. Furthermore, we show that around 10% of the buoyancy, and 15% of the momentum flux, is transported by turbulent fluctuations. We also show that the Richardson number Ri of these currents remains marginally stable Ri ≈ 0.25 and is independent of angle. Finally we show that the coefficient of drag cd experienced by these currents is constant and approximately cd ≈ 0.01.
Performance Analysis of Regression-Machine Learning Algorithms for Predication of Runoff Time

Worldwide 70 percent of water is used in agriculture practices, in which 50% of water is lost due to improperly planned and inefficient irrigation system. Precision irrigation system has long been used on individual farms scale. Very rare work has been done so far to utilize the excessive irrigation water of one farm in another farm. In this research, we address the problem of predicting the runoff time between two farms. We propose Runoff time model which accepts irrigation depth, soil moisture and crop stage (CN) and time of concentration as input parameters and estimate runoff time. Machine learning algorithms i.e., Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network-Levenberg Marquardt (LMA-ANN), Decision Trees/Regression Tree (DT/RT) and Least Square Support Vector Regression (LS-SVR) have been used for learning and predication purposes. A comparison has been made among these algorithms to choose best algorithm for irrigation runoff time prediction. Experimental results show that regression tree aces the results in terms of highest R-square value, lowest Mean square error. While MLR shows the worse result in terms of least R-square value, highest means square error. The algorithms Regression tree is ranked first-outstanding, ANN-LMA is ranked second-good, LS-SVR is ranked third-fair and MLR is ranked last-poor on the basis of the regression error metrics/ performance evaluation parameters. Hence it is strongly suggested that regression tree is an ideal machine learning-regression algorithm to be deployed on the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) node for the predication of runoff time.
Pin^-(2)-monopole invariants

We introduce a diﬀeomorphism invariant of 4-manifolds, the Pin − (2)-monopole invariant, deﬁned by using the Pin − (2)-mono-pole equations. We compute the invariants of several 4-manifolds, and prove gluing formulae. By using the invariants, we construct exotic smooth structures on the connected sum of an elliptic surface E ( n ) with arbitrary number of the 4-manifolds of the form of S 2 × Σ or S 1 × Y where Σ is a compact Riemann surface with positive genus and Y is a closed 3-manifold. As another application, we give an estimate of the genus of surfaces embedded in a 4-manifold X representing a class α ∈ H 2 ( X ; l ), where l is a local coeﬃcient on X .
Simulation Study of Adjusted Spatial Weighting
Method to Estimate Missing Rainfall Data

Missing value especially in environmental study is a common problem including in rainfall modelling. Incomplete data will alect the accuracy and elciency in any modelling process. In this study, simulation method is used to demonstrate the elciency of the old normal ratio inverse distance correlation weighting method (ONRIDCWM) in solving missing rainfall data. The simulation study is used to identify the best parameters for correlation power of p, percentage of missing value and sample size, n of the ONRIDCWM by simulating for 10,000 times by varying the value of the parameters systematically. The results of the simulation are compared with other available weighting methods. The estimated complete rainfall data of the target station are compared and assessed with the observed data from the neighbouring station using mean, estimated bias (EB) and estimated root mean square error (ERMSE). The results show that ONRIDCWM is better than the other weighting methods for the correlation power of p at least four. For illustration of the weighting method, monthly rainfall data from Pahang has used to demonstrate the elciency of the method using three error indices: S-Index, mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation, R.
Finite groups whose $n$-maximal subgroups are $\sigma$-subnormal

Let $\sigma =\{\sigma_{i} | i\in I\}$ be some partition of the set of all primes $\Bbb{P}$. A set ${\cal H}$ of subgroups of $G$ is said to be a \emph{complete Hall $\sigma $-set} of $G$ if every member $\ne 1$ of ${\cal H}$ is a Hall $\sigma_{i}$-subgroup of $G$, for some $i\in I$, and $\cal H$ contains exact one Hall $\sigma_{i}$-subgroup of $G$ for every $\sigma_{i}\in \sigma (G)$. A subgroup $H$ of $G$ is said to be: \emph{$\sigma$-permutable} or \emph{$\sigma$-quasinormal} in $G$ if $G$ possesses a complete Hall $\sigma$-set set ${\cal H}$ such that $HA^{x}=A^{x}H$ for all $A\in {\cal H}$ and $x\in G$: \emph{${\sigma}$-subnormal} in $G$ if there is a subgroup chain $A=A_{0} \leq A_{1} \leq \cdots \leq A_{t}=G$ such that either $A_{i-1}\trianglelefteq A_{i}$ or $A_{i}/(A_{i-1})_{A_{i}}$ is a finite $\sigma_{i}$-group for some $\sigma_{i}\in \sigma$ for all $i=1, \ldots t$. If each $n$-maximal subgroup of $G$ is $\sigma$-subnormal ($\sigma$-quasinormal, respectively) in $G$ but, in the case $ n > 1$, some $(n-1)$-maximal subgroup is not $\sigma$-subnormal (not $\sigma$-quasinormal, respectively)) in $G$, we write $m_{\sigma}(G)=n$ ($m_{\sigma q}(G)=n$, respectively). In this paper, we show that the parameters $m_{\sigma}(G)$ and $m_{\sigma q}(G)$ make possible to bound the $\sigma$-nilpotent length $ \ l_{\sigma}(G)$ (see below the definitions of the terms employed), the rank $r(G)$ and the number $|\pi (G)|$ of all distinct primes dividing the order $|G|$ of a finite soluble group $G$. We also give conditions under which a finite group is $\sigma$-soluble or $\sigma$-nilpotent, and describe the structure of a finite soluble group $G$ in the case when $m_{\sigma}(G)=|\pi (G)|$. Some known results are generalized.