Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The VLTI/MIDI survey of massive young stellar objects: Sounding the inner regions around intermediate-and high-mass young stars using mid-infrared interferometry

Context. Because of inherent difficulties involved in observations and numerical simulations of the formation of massive stars, an understanding of the early evolutionary phases of these objects remains elusive. In particular, observationally probing circumstellar material at distances ≲100 AU from the central star is exceedingly difficult, as such objects are rare (and thus, on average, far away) and typically deeply embedded. Long-baseline mid-infrared interferometry provides one way of obtaining the necessary spatial resolution at appropriate wavelengths for studying this class of objects; however, interpreting such observations is often difficult due to sparse spatial-frequency coverage. Aims. We aim to characterize the distribution and composition of circumstellar material around young massive stars and to investigate exactly which physical structures in these objects are probed by long-baseline mid-infrared interferometric observations. Methods. We used the two-telescope interferometric instrument MIDI of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer of the European Southern Observatory to observe a sample of 24 intermediate- and high-mass young stellar objects in the N band (8-13 μm). We had successful fringe detections for 20 objects and present spectrally-resolved correlated fluxes and visibility levels for projected baselines of up to 128 m. We fit the visibilities with geometric models to derive the sizes of the emitting regions, as well as the orientation and elongation of the circumstellar material. Fourteen objects in the sample show the 10 μm silicate feature in absorption in the total and correlated flux spectra. For 13 of these objects, we were able to fit the correlated flux spectra with a simple absorption model, allowing us to constrain the composition and absorptive properties of the circumstellar material. Results. Nearly all of the massive young stellar objects observed show significant deviations from spherical symmetry at mid-infrared wavelengths. In general, the mid-infrared emission can trace both disks and outflows, and in many cases it may be difficult to disentangle these components on the basis of interferometric data alone, because of the sparse spatial frequency coverage normally provided by current long-baseline interferometers. For the majority of the objects in this sample, the absorption occurs on spatial scales larger than those probed by MIDI. Finally, the physical extent of the mid-infrared emission around these sources is correlated with the total luminosity, albeit with significant scatter. Conclusions. Circumstellar material is ubiquitous at distances ≲100 AU around young massive stars. Long-baseline mid-infrared interferometry provides the resolving power necessary for observing this material directly. However, in particular for deeply-embedded sources, caution must be used when attempting to attribute mid-infrared emission to specific physical structures, such as a circumstellar disk or an outflow.
Postural changes and pain in the academic performance of elementary school students

Postural changes and pain in the spine of children and adolescents of school age are influenced by the permanent incorrect sitting position, misuse of furniture and weight of the backpack. The aim of this study was to verify postural changes and pain in the academic performance of elementary school students. It was a cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and analytical approach. The subjects were 83 elementary students, aged 8 to 12 years, of Kindergarten and Elementary Education at Paulo Sarasate Municipal School, Ceara. It was performed from March to June 2008. In the physical examination it was used an evaluation form, based on Global Postural reeducation, by Souchard method, which included the variables: compromised anterior, posterior, superior shoulder muscle chains and pain and, in academic performance, a semi-structured questionnaire with the variables: behavior, attendance and performance. The data was stored in the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 18.0. In the descriptive analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used, and in the inferential analysis, the following tests were applied: Mann-Whitney, to verify the existence of significant differences in changes in groups A and B, at a significance level of 5%, and the F statistical test, for comparing postural changes and pain, in the three grades. Results: it was noted that the majority of the students presented postural changes, such as forward head, lifted shoulders, dorsal hyperkyphosis and pain, which predominantly occurred in the anterior chain, when compared with the posterior and superior chains. These changes in both groups were statistically significant only in subjects of the fifth grade with satisfactory academic performance and behavior. It was concluded that there was no association between postural changes and school performance, although it was influenced by pain.
Azetidinium lead iodide for perovskite solar cells

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have been established as good candidate materials for emerging photovoltaics, with device efficiencies of over 22% being reported. There are currently only two organic cations, methylammonium and formamidinium, which produce 3D perovskites with band gaps suitable for photovoltaic devices. Numerous computational studies have identified azetidinium as a potential third cation for synthesizing organic–inorganic perovskites, but to date no experimental reports of azetidinium containing perovskites have been published. Here we prepare azetidinium lead iodide for the first time. Azetidinium lead iodide is a stable, bright orange material which does not appear to form a 3D or a 2D perovskite. It was successfully used as the absorber layer in solar cells. We also show that it is possible to make mixed cation devices by adding the azetidinium cation to methylammonium lead iodide. Computational studies show that the substitution of up to 5% azetidinium into the methylammonium lead iodide is energetically favourable and that phase separation does not occur at these concentrations. Mixed azetidinium–methylammonium cells show improved performance and reduced hysteresis compared to methylammonium lead iodide cells.
Spatial–temporal dynamics of chemical composition of surface snow in East Antarctica along the Progress station–Vostok station transect

In January of 2008, during the 53rd Russian Antarctic Expedition, surface snow samples were taken from 13 shallow (0.7 to 1.5 m depth) snow pits along the first tractor traverse from Progress to Vostok stations, East Antarctica. Sub-surface snow/firn layers are dated from 2.1 to 18 yr. The total length of the coast to inland traverse is more than 1280 km. Here we analysed spatial variability of concentrations of sulphate ions and elements and their fluxes in the snow deposited within the 2006–2008 time interval. Anions were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the determination of selected metals, including Na, K, Mg, Ca and Al, was carried out by mass spectroscopy with atomization by induced coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Surface snow concentration records were examined for trends versus distance inland, elevation, accumulation rate and slope gradient. Na shows a significant positive correlation with accumulation rate, which decreases as distance from the sea and altitude increase. K, Ca and Mg concentrations do not show any significant relationship either with distance inland or with elevation. Maximal concentrations of these elements with a prominent Al peak are revealed in the middle part of the traverse (500–600 km from the coast). Analysis of element correlations and atmospheric circulation patterns allow us to suggest their terrestrial origin (e.g. aluminosilicates carried as a continental dust) from the Antarctic nunatak areas. Sulphate concentrations show no significant relationship with distance inland, elevation, slope gradient and accumulation rate. Non-sea salt secondary sulphate is the most important contribution to the total sulphate budget along the traverse. Sulphate of volcanic origin attributed to the Pinatubo eruption (1991) was revealed in the snow pit at 1276 km (depth 120–130 cm).
Eugenol Derivatives as Future Potential Drugs

Eugenol, a phytochemical , is a pale yellow oil which is isolated from essential oil of Ocimum sanctum Rama. Eugenol has wide medicinal applications. It affects central nervous system and cardiovascular system. It is used in dentistry and as an analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial, anti septic, antidepressant agent. Its analogues also show many biological activities which prompted us to synthesize new analogues for their future application as bioactive molecules.
Effect of Spacing on Yield Components and Yield of Chickpea ( Cicer arietinumL. ) at Assosa, Western Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted in Assosa District of western Ethiopia during 2013 cropping season to determine the effect of different inter row (20, 30, 40, 50cm) and intra row spacing (5, 10, 15cm) on growth parameters, yield components and yield of Desi chickpea. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. There was highly significant (P<0.01) effect of both inter row and intra row spacing on days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight. The 50cm inter row spacing gave the highest number of seeds per pod (1.23) and hundred seed weight (25.38 g). Number of seeds per pod and hundred seed weight were significantly increased as the intra row spacing increased. The interaction effect of inter row and intra row spacing was significant on plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, above ground dry biomass, grain yield and harvest index. For all of the inter row spacing, the number of primary branches was increased as the intra row spacing increased. There was a progressive increase of number of pods per plant as the inter- and intra-row spacing increased while the highest above ground dry biomass (10650.27 kg ha-1) was recorded at 20×5cm spacing. For all of the inter row spacing, the harvest index was increased as the intra row spacing increased. The 30cm inter- by 10cm intra- row spacing gave the highest grain yield (1219 kg ha-1) while the lowest grain yield (733 kg ha-1) was recorded from 50cm × 15cm spacing which was statistically similar to the yield obtained from 40cm × 15cm spacing. From this study it can be concluded that even if 20cm×15cm, 30cm×15cm, 30cm×10cm and 40cm×5cm spacing combinations showed statistical parity, 30cm×10cm or 30cm×15cm spacing can tentatively be recommended.
INVESTIGATING WATER ABSORPTION AND THICKNESS SWELLING TENDENCIES OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR EXTERNAL WALL APPLICATION IN REFRIGERATED VEHICLES

Replacing external metallic wall of refrigerated vehicles has been on the front burner in many published works as weight of the metallic insulated panel continues to pose a challenge on refrigeration unit and environment. As a follow-up to this problem statement, five (5) composite materials were fabricated as replacement options for metallic external sheet for refrigerated vehicles. The key study of this paper is to investigate the moisture absorption and thickness swelling tendencies of these composite specimens as these properties determine the suitability of these materials for refrigerated wall. Part of the methodology adopted in the manufacturing of these composites were based on fibre loading and orientation in the composite panel. Key findings from this experiment shows that the absorption behaviour of composites at 30 o and 60 o was consistent until 60 hours duration of immersion before a significant disparity was observed. In addition, G­ 30 E (30% reinforced glass fibre in the epoxy composite) was more resilient to moisture attack as a result of enhanced fiber content. The implication of the study is that G 30 E reinforced composite material could be adopted as external wall of food transport system because of its lower thickness swelling and water absorption properties. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v37i1. 22
Religiosity and Political Participation of University Students in Turkey

This research aims to analyze the religiosity and political participation of the university students in Turkey. For this aim, a survey conducted on 872 students in order to understand the impact of religiosity on political participation. In this research, political participation is measured as conventional and un-conventional participation forms. The scale is prepared as 13 questions; 7 of them for measuring conventional and 6 of them for measuring un-conventional participation. It is determined in the literature that religiosity is related to conventional political participation and also has a negative effect on un-conventional participation. In fact, the studies included in the literature show that participation of the religious individuals is low generally and if they choose to perform any political participation, it is realized in the form of conventional participation. On the other hand university students are associated more than any groups with un-conventional participation. According to the result of the research it has been found that religiosity has a negative correlation with both conventional and un-conventional form of political participation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n10p403
Effect of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpora) and garlic (Allium satvium) as a supplemented dietary intake on some non-specific immune status, hematological parameters and growth performance in grower (Huso huso)

The effects of orally administered purple cone flower Echinacea purpura and garlic (Allium satvium) on the non-speciﬁc immunity and growth condition of beluga weighing 1.15 ± 0.02 kg were evaluated for a period of 60 days. The tree groups of fish were fed two diets containing 0.5% purple coneflower and 1% garlic and a control diet containing no supplemented herb. The growth performance was positively affected by both dietary herbal supplementations (p < 0.05). Among the humoral factors, serum alternative complement, lysozyme and respiratory burst activity increased signiﬁcantly in all supplemented groups when compared to the control (p < 0.05). These ﬁndings demonstrate that dietary Echinacea and garlic can modulate some of the innate defense mechanisms, hematological and growth parameters in Huso huso.
Stability, oxidation and shape evolution of PVP-capped Pd nanocrystals

A critical aspect in the practical applications and catalytic performance of shape-controlled nanocrystals is their stability and morphology retention under ambient conditions. Changes to the morphology of shape-controlled Pd nanocrystals capped by PVP are assessed by TEM, and surface oxidation was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) over 12 months. Surface oxidation of PVP-capped Pd nanocrystals resulted in the loss of edge and corner sites and a transition to spherical morphologies. The shape stability of the nanocrystals was found to follow the trend cubic < cuboctahedra < octahedral ∼ concave cubes. For low index planes, {111} surfaces were more resistant to oxidation compared to {100} facets, correlating with the surface free energy of the nanocrystals. Cubic and cuboctahedral nanocrystals transitioned to spherical particles while octahedral nanocrystals retained their morphology. The presence of high-energy {110} facets was observed in the cubic nanocrystals which undergo surface rec.
Oligopolistic Screening and Two-Way Distortion

We analyze the choice of incentive contracts by oligopolistic firms that compete on the product market. Managers have private information and in the first stage they exert cost reducing effort. In equilibrium the standard "no distortion at the top" property disappears and two way distortions are optimal. We extend our analysis to other informational, contractual and competitive settings.
The Influence of Dose of a Plant-Derived Volatile Cue on Arabidopsis thaliana Resistance against Insect Herbivores

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to affect plant-plant communication. Specifically, GLVs can facilitate “priming”, whereby plants initiate a faster and stronger defensive response to a subsequent stress. The stress-induced GLV cis-3-hexenyl acetate (z3HAC) is a known priming cue, yet whether the concentration of the z3HAC affects plant defenses is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that z3HAC concentration of would influence Arabidopsis thaliana resistance against a specialist (Trichoplusia ni) and generalist (Spodoptera exigua) herbivore. Our z3HAC treatments ranged from 0-100 ng/hr, which spanned the range of recorded natural emissions (10-40 ng/hr). We measured relative growth rates (RGR) of naïve caterpillars as a proxy for plant resistance. z3HAC concentration had no linear effects on A. thaliana resistance, even though the specialist performed better than did the generalist. Interestingly, the specialist’s RGR was greater than the generalist’s RGR on previously induced plants independent of z3HAC. Our results suggest that the concentration of z3HAC may not be an important factor in its reliability as a predictor of future herbivory.
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY ENHANCING TEAM CREATIVITY THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND P.A.S.S. JESSICA COOPERSTEIN SPRING 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in Psychology and Labor Emplo

Organizations consistently rely on teams of individuals to perform specific creative tasks, and the resulting innovation is critical for organizational success. While scholars have devoted attention to understanding the creative process and environmental factors at the individual level, it is important for employers to recognize the dynamics at play at the group level that can be harnessed to foster creative performance. Previous research suggests that both psychological safety and a moderate level of conflict can be beneficial for team creative work. The current study attempts to understand the grouplevel factors underlying creative success by implementing a new intervention called the P.A. S.S. (Partner Advocacy Support System) Technique. P.A. S.S. was developed to maximize the potential benefits of psychological safety and task conflict on group creativity. In this study, 250 participants were placed in groups of 3 to 4 members each, and teams were assessed on their creative performance. Findings indicated that psychological safety and the use of the P.A. S.S. technique in groups improved creative quality in the teams. This suggests that a climate-based intervention can be successful in enhancing creative performance in groups.
A Spanish continuous voluntary web survey: sample bias, weighting and efficiency

Using micro data from a continuous volunteer web survey (CVWS), the WageIndicator (WI), this paper firstly analyses the type of bias that such a survey method produces. Secondly, following a «modelbased» approach, two alternative data weighting methodologies are implemented. Thirdly, in order to test whether weighting corrects the bias, thus making it possible to obtain conclusions applicable to the whole labour force, the efficiency of the weighting
On the far-infrared metallicity diagnostics: applications to high-redshift galaxies

In an earlier paper we modelled the far-infrared emission from a star-forming galaxy using the photoionization code CLOUDY and presented metallicity sensitive diagnostics based on farinfrared fine structure line ratios. Here, we focus on the applicability of the [OIII] 88μm/[N II] 122 μm line ratio as a gas-phase metallicity indicator in high-redshift submillimetre luminous galaxies. The [O III] 88μm/[N II] 122 μm ratio is strongly dependent on the ionization parameter (which is related to the total number of ionizing photons) and on the gas electron density. We demonstrate how the ratio of 88/122 μm continuum flux measurements can provide a reasonable estimate of the ionization parameter, while the availability of the [NII] 205 μm line can constrain the electron density. Using the [OIII] 88μm/[N II] 122 μm line ratios from a sample of nearby normal and star-forming galaxies, we measure their gas-phase metallicities and find that their mass-metallicity relation is consistent with the one derived using optical emission lines. Using new, previously unpublished, Herschel spectroscopic observations of key far-infrared fine structure lines of the z ~ 3 galaxy HLSW-01 and additional published measurements of far-infrared fine structure lines of high-z submillimetre luminous galaxies, we derive gas-phasemetallicities using their [OIII] 88μm/[N II] 122 μmline ratio.We find that themetallicities of these z~3 submm-luminous galaxies are consistent with solarmetallicities and that they appear to follow the mass-metallicity relation expected for z ~ 3 systems.
Advanced Unilac Upgrade for Fair

To provide for the high beam currents as required from the FAIR project, the GSI Unilac High Current Injector (HSI) must deliver 18 mA of U ions at the end of the prestripper section. With the design existing up to 2008, the RFQ could not reach the necessary beam currents at the RFQ output, as shown by simulations. As a first upgrade step, the RFQ has been modernized successfully in summer 2009 with a new electrode design. Furthermore the existing LEBT must be modified, and a new straight source branch will provide for the full beam performance. Commissioning of the HSI has shown that the transmission of the RFQ increased significantly (from 55% to 85% for high current uranium operation, 95% for medium current operation). Further upgrades aim to improved HSI-transmission by optimizing the matching to the RFQ, and to the IH-DTL. The upgrade of the LEBT starts in 2010. INTRODUCTION The GSI Universal Linear Accelerator UNILAC comprises the High Current Injector HSI, the High Charge State Injector HLI and the poststripper section (Alvarez and Single Resonators). The HSI comprises two ion source terminals (2.2 keV/u), a low energy beam transport system LEBT, an RFQ (120 keV/u), a short adapter RFQ (Superlens) and an IH-DTL (two tanks, 1.4 MeV/u). The UNILAC serves for the synchrotron SIS18 by a transfer channel. Figure 1: GSI UNILAC schematic overview.
Exploring a model for finding meaning in the changing world of work (Part 2)

Orientation: This article explores the role that meaning, as logotherapy conceptualises it, can play to facilitate organisational changes. Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore further a model an earlier paper proposed for using employees’ experiences of meaning in work contexts to facilitate changes. Motivation for the study: The researchers could not find a comprehensive model in the literature for addressing employees’ experiences of meaning in, or at, work during organisational changes. A previous paper proposed such a model, but it addressed only one component fully. This article seeks to explore this model further to address this apparent gap in the literature. Research design, approach and method: The researchers used a literature review to conduct the study. The components of the model directed this review in order to find meaning at work. Main findings: The actions of organisations, which aim to create positive organisational contexts (through practices for improving meaning at work and transcendence) and to frame changes using ‘Logo-OD’, can improve employees’ experiences of meaning during organisational changes. Practical/managerial implications: Understanding the relationship between meaning and organisational change, and applying the model this article presents, can contribute to the overall success of change initiatives. Contribution/value-add: This study’s primary contribution stems from the novel framework it presents for organisations to use the knowledge about how employees search for meaning to facilitate changes.