Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frozen section diagnosis for non‐melanoma skin cancers: correlation with permanent section diagnosis

Frozen section pathology is routinely used for margin assessment of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Frozen section can also be used for the primary diagnosis of several skin lesions. Limited data exist on the accuracy of frozen section in the diagnosis of NMSC. We performed a retrospective chart review of 300 cases in which frozen section diagnoses were compared with permanent section diagnoses of NMSC. Frozen section and permanent section pathology were concordant 83.3% of the time, with the highest concordance rates noted for basal cell carcinoma (145/153, 95%). Our results show a high level of concordance between frozen section and corresponding permanent section pathology diagnosis for NMSC. The rapidity of frozen section tissue processing and pathology reporting makes this technique useful in dermatologic practice for immediate diagnosis and management of NMSC. Further studies should explore strategies to decrease or eliminate discrepancies between frozen and permanent section diagnosis.
Optical control of zebrafish behavior with halorhodopsin

Expression of halorhodopsin (NpHR), a light-driven microbial chloride pump, enables optical control of membrane potential and reversible silencing of targeted neurons. We generated transgenic zebrafish expressing enhanced NpHR under control of the Gal4/UAS system. Electrophysiological recordings showed that eNpHR stimulation effectively suppressed spiking of single neurons in vivo. Applying light through thin optic fibers positioned above the head of a semi-restrained zebrafish larva enabled us to target groups of neurons and to simultaneously test the effect of their silencing on behavior. The photostimulated volume of the zebrafish brain could be marked by subsequent photoconversion of co-expressed Kaede or Dendra. These techniques were used to localize swim command circuitry to a small hindbrain region, just rostral to the commissura infima Halleri. The kinetics of the hindbrain-generated swim command was investigated by combined and separate photo-activation of NpHR and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel, in the same neurons. Together this “optogenetic toolkit” allows loss-of-function and gain-of-function analyses of neural circuitry at high spatial and temporal resolution in a behaving vertebrate.
Inverse Dynamical Inheritance in Stack Exchange Taxonomies

Question Answering websites are popular repositories of expert knowledge and cover areas as diverse as linguistics, computer science, or mathematics. Knowledge is commonly organized via user defined tags which implicitly create population folksonomies. However, the interplay between latent knowledge structures and the answering behavior of users has not been fully explored yet. Here, we propose a model of a dynamical tagging process guided by taxonomies, devise a robust algorithm that allow us to uncover hidden topic hierarchies, apply our method to analyze several Stack Exchange websites. Our results show that the dynamics of the system strongly correlate with uncovered taxonomies.
Cross-Cultural Research on the Templer/Mc Mordie Death Anxiety Scale

The present paper reports 7 studies from 4 countries using the Templer/McMordie Death Anxiety Scale or its Hindi version, the development of which in India is described. It was found that women scored higher than men cross-culturally, age differences were observed, and eastern samples scored lower than western samples.
Differential biogenesis of photosystem-II in mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells of 'malic' enzyme NADP(+)-type C4 plants. A comparative protein and RNA analysis.

We have investigated the photosystem-II organization in differentiating-bundle-sheath cells of the three malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate decarboxylating) (NADP+)-type C4 species maize, Sorghum and Pennisetum. Using a set of nine different antisera raised against individual subunits of photosystem-II, we demonstrate that photosystem-II components constitute a substantial part of the thylakoid membranes of young bundle-sheath chloroplasts. The abundance of subunits of the photosystem-II core, i.e. the 47-and 43-kDa chlorophyll-a-binding proteins, polypeptides D1 and D2, cytochrome b559, and the 34-kDa polypeptide, varies with the developmental state of the plant. However, the levels of the 23-kDa, 16-kDa and 10-kDa extrinsic polypeptides of the water-oxidation complex are drastically reduced in bundle-sheath chloroplasts of all three species analyzed, regardless of their state of differentiation. The reduction in protein abundance is also reflected at the transcript level: only traces of the nuclear-encoded mRNAs are found in differentiating bundle-sheath cells of Sorghum, suggesting that the transcription of these genes has been switched off. Our data are compatible with the idea that the water-oxidation complex is a prime site for initiating or maintaining the process leading to photosystem-II depletion during differentiation of bundle-sheath cells.
Inhaled mometasone furoate: a review of its use in adults and adolescents with persistent asthma.

UNLABELLED Mometasone furoate is a corticosteroid with relatively high in vitro potency. Recent randomised, double-blind, multicentre trials have assessed the efficacy of mometasone furoate delivered by dry powder inhaler over 12 weeks in adults and adolescents with mild to severe persistent asthma. Mometasone furoate 200 microg twice daily or 400 microg once daily in the morning or 200 microg once daily in the evening improved lung function, asthma symptom scores and use of rescue medication to a significantly greater extent than placebo in patients who had previously received only short-acting inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonists alone as treatment in 3 trials (n = 195 to 306). In studies in 227 to 733 patients with mild to moderate asthma who were receiving ongoing treatment with inhaled corticosteroids prior to enrolment, mometasone furoate 100 to 400 microg twice daily was consistently better at improving the above indicators of asthma than placebo. Mometasone furoate 100 to 200 microg twice daily was as effective as beclomethasone dipropionate 200 microg twice daily or budesonide 400 microg twice daily and mometasone furoate 200 microg twice daily was as effective as fluticasone propionate 250 microg twice daily. Mometasone furoate 400 or 800 microg twice daily was also consistently more effective than placebo in reducing oral corticosteroid dosages and improving lung function and asthma symptoms in 132 patients with oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma. Once daily administration of mometasone furoate 400 microg appears to be as effective at improving indicators of asthma as twice daily administration of 200 microg. Patients receiving mometasone furoate < or =800 microg/day and recipients of placebo experienced a similar overall incidence of adverse events considered to be related to treatment. The most common of these events were oral candidiasis, headache, pharyngitis and dysphonia. Mometasone furoate 100 to 400 microg twice daily, beclomethasone dipropionate 200 microg twice daily, budesonide 400 microg twice daily or fluticasone propionate 250 microg twice daily were similarly tolerated. CONCLUSION Inhaled mometasone furoate is well tolerated, with minimal systemic activity and is equally effective when administered as a divided dose or as a single daily dose. Use of the drug can result in a decrease in requirements for oral corticosteroids in patients with oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma and is as effective as other inhaled corticosteroids currently used in the treatment of mild to moderate persistent asthma. Thus mometasone furoate is suitable for the control of mild to severe persistent asthma in adults or adolescents.
To inseminate or not , that is the question . A reflection of existing evidence

A short review stating levels of evidence is given regarding the indications for IUI and the cost-effectiveness of (stimulated) IUI compared with that of IVF. It is concluded that IUI in natural cycles should be applied in couples with cervical hostility, might be applied in couples with a moderate semen factor and should not be applied in couples with unexplained subfertility. Intrauterine insemination in cycles with MOH should be applied in couples with unexplained subfertility and might be applied in couples with a mild semen factor. Furthermore there still seems to be a place for IUI in natural and stimulated cycles comparing cost-effectiveness with IVF. However, cumulative pregnancy rates after mild IVF combined with single transfer of frozen and thawed embryos is increasing and therefore future RCTs are mandatory comparing modern IVF with IUI.
Violent behaviour among adolescents in Iceland: a national survey.

BACKGROUND Violence among adolescents may have serious developmental, physical, and mental health consequences for the affected individuals. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of violent behaviour and its correlates among 15-16 year old schoolchildren in Iceland. METHODS In 1997, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among a random half of all Icelandic schoolchildren aged 15-16 years. The overall response rate was 91% (N = 3872). In the present study, socio-demographic background, social support, negative life events, psychological distress, and substance use were considered in relation to violent behaviour using logistic regression techniques. RESULTS The majority of the respondents reported having committed violence within the last year. Boys were more likely to use violence than girls (odds ratio [OR] = 5.6; 95% CI: 4.7, 6.6). Respondents who had experienced >/=4 negative life events in the past year were more likely to use violence than respondents with no negative life events (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.2, 4.2). Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to use violence (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.2), and adolescents who had used alcohol >20x in their lifetime were more than twice as likely to commit violence compared with those who had never used alcohol (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8, 3.4). CONCLUSION Rates of violent behaviour among Icelandic schoolchildren were high. Gender, parental support, life stress, anger/aggression, and substance use were all significantly related to the perpetration of violent acts.
Three-month paliperidone palmitate - a new treatment option for schizophrenia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) were introduced to improve treatment adherence and tolerability of oral formulations. After risperidone was introduced as the first long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotic, during the last five years olanzapine pamoate, once-monthly paliperidone palmitate and once-monthly aripiprazole has also been marketed. Areas covered: A three-month injection of paliperidone palmitate (3MPP) was introduced in the North-American market in 2015. It will be gradually available in the rest of the world in the coming years. The principal aim of this review is to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability and to discuss the possible role it may play. Expert commentary: In the coming years an increase in the prescription rates of LAIAs is expected. 3MPP offers a substantially longer dosing interval than other options, which may be a potential advancement to reduce nonadherence. Future research and experiences will identify which subpopulation may obtain greater benefit from this new tool.
Immune Response in Chronic Schistosomiasis haematobium and mansoni

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Sudanese children heavily infected with Schistosoma haematobium and 5. mansoni were examined for lymphocyte subpopulations, for mitogen and antigen responsiveness, and for natural killer (NK) cell activity before and 5 months after treatment with praziquantel. The humoral immune response was simultaneously investigated by determination of parasite‐specific IgG and IgE antibodies. IgE‐containing circulating immune complexes, and circulating schistosome antigen. A single dose treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) resulted in a normalization of numerical imbalances in lymphocyte sub‐populations, a significant increase in the blastogenic response upon stimulation with adult worm antigen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and concanavalin A (Con A), and restoration of natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated lysis of K562 targets. These findings were paralleled by a remarkable decrease in parasite‐specific IgE antibodies, IgE‐containing circulating immune complexes, and circulating schistosome antigen. The results indicate that the modulation of immune responses in chronic schistosomiasis is associated with active infection and is reversible after successful chemotherapy.
The Role of Message Frame, Perceived Risk, and Ambivalence in Individuals' Decisions to Become Organ Donors

The decision to become an organ donor involves considering both self-relevant risks and the needs of others. This study applied prospect theory to examine how news exemplar message frames that focus on the possible survival or death of a potential organ transplant recipient affect participants' willingness to become organ donors. Perceived personal risk and ambivalence were examined as moderating variables. Results indicate that risk, rather than ambivalence, played an instrumental role in participants' decisions to donate. Although no main effects or interactions related to message frame emerged in initial analyses, a supplemental analysis revealed an interaction such that there was a modest persuasive advantage for the loss-framed message among low-risk participants. Findings suggest that vivid exemplar message frames, compared to other types of more explicit organ donor appeals, may be associated with unique decisions about organ donation.
Beyond The Current Paradigm: Recent Advances in The Understanding of Sodium Handling – Guest Editors: Stanley Shaldon and Joerg Vienken: Hyperosmolar Sodium Chloride, p38 Mitogen Activated Protein and Cytokine‐Mediated Inflammation

Although there is increasing clinical evidence that high salt intake contributes to cardiovascular events and deaths seemingly independent of hypertension, the molecular mechanism for increased atherogenesis remains unclear. Vessel wall inflammation secondary to proinflammatory cytokines is one mechanism for atherogenesis. The role of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in cytokine production such as IL‐1, TNF‐α, and IL‐8 are well established. The link between inflammation and salt intake likely includes p38 MAPK as hyperosmolar sodium chloride triggers phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and stimulates gene expression and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Hence a possible link of high salt intake, inflammation, and atherogenesis may be one molecular mechanism for the association of high salt intake and cardiovascular events.
Altered incubation temperatures between embryonic Days 7 and 13 influence the weights and the mitochondrial respiratory and enzyme activities in breast and leg muscles of broiler embryos

Altering incubation temperature during embryogenesis has an impact on chicken embryo growth, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood; the present study was performed to address these changes. Broiler eggs were incubated at low (36.8°C), control (37.8°C), and high (38.8°C) temperatures between Embryonic Day (ED) 7 and 10 or ED 10 and 13, which cover critical periods of embryonic myogenesis. The embryos were then dissected immediately after treatment on ED 10 or 13 to assess body, liver, and heart weights as well as to analyze breast and leg muscle fibers for their mitochondrial respiratory activity (MRA). Breast muscle samples were additionally used to evaluate the activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism and cell‐cycle progression. ED‐10 embryos incubated at 38.8°C showed elevated weights (body, liver, and heart), MRA, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase compared to the ED‐10 embryos incubated at 36.8°C. Similarly, the ED‐13 embryos incubated at 38.8°C showed elevated body weight, MRA, and activities of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, and cytochrome oxidase compared to their 36.8°C counterparts. Embryos incubated at the normal temperature (37.8°C), however, showed variable differences from those incubated at 38.8°C versus 36.8°C. Cell‐cycle enzyme activities were not impacted by the different temperature treatments. Thus, an increase or decrease in the incubation temperature during embryonic broiler myogenesis results in altered embryo activity, muscle energy metabolism, and activity‐dependent muscle growth. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 71–78, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Murine Model of Early Onset Autoimmune Thyroid Disease/Hypothyroidism and Autoimmune Exocrinopathy of the Salivary Gland

Sixty to seventy percent of IFN-γ−/− NOD.H-2h4 mice given sodium iodide (NaI)–supplemented water develop a slow onset autoimmune thyroid disease, characterized by thyrocyte epithelial cell (TEC) hyperplasia and proliferation (H/P). TEC H/P develops much earlier in CD28−/− mice and nearly 100% (both sexes) have severe TEC H/P at 4 mo of age. Without NaI supplementation, 50% of 5- to 6-mo-old CD28−/−IFN-γ−/− mice develop severe TEC H/P, and 2–3 wk of NaI is sufficient for optimal development of severe TEC H/P. Mice with severe TEC H/P are hypothyroid, and normalization of serum thyroxine levels does not reduce TEC H/P. Activated CD4+ T cells are sufficient to transfer TEC H/P to SCID recipients. Thyroids of mice with TEC H/P have infiltrating T cells and expanded numbers of proliferating thyrocytes that highly express CD40. CD40 facilitates, but is not required for, development of severe TEC H/P, as CD40−/−IFN-γ−/−CD28−/− mice develop severe TEC H/P. Accelerated development of TEC H/P in IFN-γ−/−CD28−/− mice is a result of reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers, as CD28−/− mice have significantly fewer Tregs, and transfer of CD28+ Tregs inhibits TEC H/P. Essentially all female IFN-γ−/−CD28−/− NOD.H-2h4 mice have substantial lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands and reduced salivary flow by 6 mo of age, thereby providing an excellent new model of autoimmune exocrinopathy of the salivary gland. This is one of very few models where autoimmune thyroid disease and hypothyroidism develop in most mice by 4 mo of age. This model will be useful for studying the effects of hypothyroidism on multiple organ systems.
[The dynamics of transference].

(a) GERMAN EDITIONS: 1912 Zbl. Psychoan. , 2 (4), 167-73. 1918 S.K. S.N. , 4, 388-98. (1922, 2nd ed.) 1924 Technik und Metapsychol, 53-63. 1925 G.S. , 6, 53-63. 1931 Neurosenlehre und Technik 328-40. 1943 G.W. , 8, 364-74. (b) ENGLISH TRANSLATION: ‘The Dynamics of Transference’ 1924 C.P., 2, 312-22. (Tr. Joan Riviere.) The present translation, by James Strachey, appears here for the first time. Though Freud included this paper (published in January, 1912) in the series on technique, it is in fact more in the nature of a theoretical examination of the phenomenon of transference and of the way in which it operates in analytic treatment. Freud had already approached the question in some short remarks at the end of the case history of ‘Dora’ (1905e [1901]), Standard Ed., 7, 116-17. He dealt with it much more fully in the last half of Lecture XXVII and the first half of Lecture XXVIII of his Introductory Lectures (1916-17); and, near the end of his life, made a number of important comments on the subject in the course of his long paper ‘Analysis Terminable and Interminable’ (1937c).
In-Hospital ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Improving Diagnosis, Triage, and Treatment

Importance In-hospital ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a unique clinical entity with epidemiology, incidence, and outcomes distinct from that of out-of-hospital STEMI and has only within the past 10 years begun to receive increased attention and research. Patients with in-hospital STEMI are older, have more comorbidities, and more frequently have coagulopathies and contraindications for anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapy. A standardized clinical definition of in-hospital STEMI is lacking. The objectives of this special communication are to (1) summarize the knowledge base regarding in-hospital STEMI; (2) review the challenges of diagnosis and treatment of patients with in-hospital STEMI; (3) present a standardized clinical definition for in-hospital STEMI; and (4) provide a quality improvement protocol to improve diagnosis, triage, and treatment of patients with in-hospital STEMI. Observations Patients with in-hospital STEMI less frequently present with typical angina symptoms, and an electrocardiogram is often obtained owing to changes in clinical status, changes on telemetry, or a finding of elevated cardiac biomarker. The frequent nontypical presentations often lead to substantial delays in the diagnosis of STEMI. Only 34% to 71% of patients with in-hospital STEMI undergo diagnostic catheterization, and only 22% to 56% undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. Even in contemporary reports, some studies report in-hospital mortality in the range of 31% to 42%. Three areas of delay in the treatment of patients with in-hospital STEMI that merit particular attention are (1) delays in electrocardiogram acquisition, (2) delays in electrocardiogram interpretation, and (3) delays in activation of existing STEMI systems of care. Conclusions and Relevance Treatment of patients with in-hospital STEMI is more complex and challenging than treatment of patients who develop out-of-hospital STEMI, leading to delays in diagnosis and triage and less frequent use of reperfusion therapy. Quality improvement programs targeted at decreasing delays and streamlining treatment of such patients may improve treatment and outcome.
[Early atherosclerosis changes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis].

UNLABELLED Pathogenesis of the two diseases: juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and atherosclerosis are similar-they include increased inflammation markers, homocysteine and lipids levels, inflammatory cytokines. It seems to be important to look for new diagnostic methods to find atherosclerosis in early stage- ultrasonography of the carotid artery with intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement and serum homocysteine level. The aim of this study was assessment of preclinical markers of atherosclerosis--concentration of homocysteine and IMT MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consists of 40 children with JIA (20 girls and 20 boys) aged 4-16 years; 32 children with oligoarthritis JIA and 8--polyarthritis JIA. Control group consists of 23 healthy children aged 3-17 years. We investigated serum levels of homocysteine, CRP, lipids and also IMT of the carotid artery. Children with JIA had statistically significant increase of IMT compare to control group (0.43 mm vs. 0.40 mm) and higher IMT in polyarthritis group compare to oligoarthritis children (0.46 mm vs. 0.43 mm). We also find statistically significant correlation between IMT and disease duration (p = 0.003, r = 0.45). RESULTS Children with JIA had also statistically significant increase of homocysteine level compare to control group (8.2 micromol/l vs. 6.05 micromol/l) and higher homocysteine level in polyarthritis group compare to oligoarthritis children (8.58 micromol/l vs. 7.88 micromol/l). We also find statistically significant correlation between IMT and homocysteine level (p = 0.02, r = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS There is accelerated atherosclerosis in JIA children that's why we need to find new methods to evaluate it in very early stage so we could help these patients to prevent its complication such as heart disease, stroke etc in the future.