Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Architecture and Incentive Design of Integrated Cellular and Disruption Tolerant Networks

The most common and seamless way of getting Internet access today for vehicles is through the use of cellular network, for example, GPRS, 3G or HSDPA. Even though performance of cellular network has improved significantly over the years, in particular with deployment of HSDPA, the data rate is still limited, due to the requirement of providing ubiquitous coverage to a large number of users. Meanwhile, many cities around the world have witnessed large scale deployment of open IEEE 802.11 or WiFi hot spots. While the WiFi link provides higher bandwidth at cheaper price, it is only usable when the vehicle is in range, and the contact is both fleeting and intermittent. In comparison, while the speed of cellular link is lower than WiFi, it has higher availability. In this paper, the architecture and incentive design of integrated cellular and disruption tolerant networks are discussed.
The users' evaluation of an on-line collaborative activity for building ontology

E-learning is becoming a necessary part of every learning process nowadays, especially when the process involves greater number of students. Different learning activities included in an e-learning enrich the process itself, and improve the learner experience while gaining the knowledge. The new model of on-line collaborative activity for building ontology that we have presented in our previous work is an example of such an activity. It enriches the list of activities, and, at the end, produces ontology for the course domain. Furthermore, we have exposed a complete system that includes the collaborative building of ontology on the domain, as a part of a special course activity, and additionally, uses the produced ontology document as input into our automated system for production of questions for e-testing. Here, we will present the results of the students achieved in the real one-semester experiment conducted at the Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering in Skopje, and the students opinions on the activity. The answers to the questionnaire given to the students at the end of the course give deeper insight on the whole activity and the results can be encouraging for many lecturers to use the proposed activity and the system as a whole.
Bifurcation of subcortical afferents to visual areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat cortex

We have examined the pattern of axon bifurcation in the thalamic and claustral afferents to visual areas 17, 18, and 19 in the adult cat neocortex. This was achieved by injecting two fluorescent retrograde tracers, fast blue and diamidino yellow, in retinotopically corresponding regions of two of these three cortical areas. The pattern of single‐ and double‐labelled cells was then examined in subcortical structures and the presence of double‐labelled cells was interpreted as indicating that these neurons send bifurcating axons to the two injected areas.
Dynamics of audit quality : behavioural approach and governance framework : UK evidence

The research objective is to study and analyse different factors potentially involved in influencing the measuring of auditor behaviour and audit quality that would lead to auditorsꞌ failure. It covers areas related to auditing, accounting, and corporate governance. The first empirical study assesses auditors' behaviour against audit firm factors (time deadline, time budget and performance evaluation). It also explains how behaviour may differ among experienced auditors and audit trainees. The results show that the majority of auditors commit dysfunctional behaviour but they try to avoid it in technical audit areas. The majority of auditors knowingly commit dysfunctional behaviour for the sake of better performance. It is noted that some of dysfunctional behaviour acts are due to a misperception of the concept of dysfunctional behaviour during an audit assignment. Auditors assume they are contributing to the benefit of an audit assignment while in fact they are committing dysfunctional behaviour. The second empirical model is constructed to assess the theoretical and statistical relationship between audit quality and clients' corporate governance characteristics. As for corporate governance mechanisms, the results show that audit quality has a significant positive relationship with board of directors' size and independence and a negative relationship with role duality. It can be concluded that within the British context, a bigger board of directors with diverse backgrounds leads to better audit quality. Also, more independent directors lead to better audit quality. For audit committee variables and their impact on audit quality, the results show that there is no significant statistical relationship between audit committee independence and size and audit quality; but there is a positive significant relationship between audit committee meetings and audit quality. This result gives an indicator that the more active audit committees in British companies, the better audit quality is achieved.
Characterization of the surface polypeptides of Strongyloides ratti: a comparison of homogonic and heterogonic strains

Abstract Surface iodination, extraction and SDS-PAGE analysis techniques were employed to characterize and compare the surface polypeptides of two strains of Strongyloides ratti. Third stage infective larvae and parasitic adults of homogonic and heterogonic strains were studied using a variety of surface labelling procedures and detergents for the extraction of labelled molecules. Profiles obtained from SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that homogonic and heterogonic strains of S. ratti have identical surface antigens.
The Service Profit Chain of Retail Banking - How Regulation Might Promote Service Innovation

Current regulatory changes in the financial services industry aim at ensuring customer protection in the context of investment advisory services. This study demonstrates that customer orientation as proposed by MiFID could improve the service profit chain of financial service providers. We draw on a unique dataset from a large German retail bank including the way customers and their advisors perceive the advisory process as well as internal records of customer transaction behavior and profitability. We find that using information about customers' financial sophistication and experience to make the advisory process more appropriate could significantly enhance customer satisfaction and retention. Moreover, we find a strong positive effect of customer satisfaction and retention on customer profitability.
Inhibin B and Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Spermatic Vein of Subfertile Men With Varicocele

Introduction: The pathophysiology of subfertility in men with varicocele remains unclear as well as the role of inhibin B (Inh-B) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The aim of this study was to evaluate Inh-B and AMH concentrations in the spermatic vein of subfertile men with varicocele. Patients and Methods: A total of 61 subfertile men with varicocele and 31 fertile controls underwent standard andrological evaluation. All subfertile men underwent varicocelectomy, during which blood samples were obtained from the spermatic vein to evaluate Inh-B and AMH concentrations. Results: Peripheral vein Inh-B concentrations in men with varicocele were lower as compared to controls (52.9 [8.3-136.0) vs 116±9.7 ng/dL, P = . 001). There was no difference in AMH concentrations (10.2 [4.4-45.4]) vs 10.4±0.8 pg/dL, P = 0.9). Spermatic vein Inh-B concentrations in men with varicocele were higher compared to those of peripheral vein (87.6±4.4 vs 52.9 [8.3-136.0] ng/dL, P = .001). On the contrary, spermatic vein AMH concentrations were lower compared to those from peripheral vein (8.84 [3.9-47.7] vs 10.2 [4.4-45.4] pg/dL, P = .013). Conclusions: Inh-B constitutes a reliable marker of Sertoli cell function as well as spermatogenesis. On the contrary, the clinical significance of AMH in men with varicocele remains to be elucidated.
Understanding the Interfaces: How Ocean Freight Shipping Lines Understanding the Interfaces: How Ocean Freight Shipping Lines Can Maximize Satisfaction Can Maximize Satisfaction

Physical distribution services are becoming increasingly important as supply chains strive to become more efficient in the logistical flow of goods to industrial customers. Performance of these services, however, takes place during encounters that customers have with various interfacing departments within the firm. These encounters may ultimately determine the level of satisfaction clients have with the service and the concomitant perceived quality. While previous research in this area has focused on service quality assessment, little attention has been given to determining the pattern of interfacing departments that maximize service satisfaction. This study examines a sample of shipping managers in Singapore who evaluated the service dimensions of ocean freight shipping lines (or companies). Using an analytical method called decision tree calculus, this article identifies the combination of interfacing departments that maximize service satisfaction. The results of this approach offer definite guidance to ocean shipping lines in terms of the importance of key interfacing departments in shaping satisfaction and perceived quality. Implications are discussed.
The effects of preschoolers' visits to a nursing home.

The Cerontological Society of America Attitudes toward the elderly of 30 fourand five-year-old children who had visited infirm elders in a nursing home setting once a week for one full year were compared to a group of 30 children without this contact. After the visits preschoolers held more negative attitudes toward their own aging and the elderly. The day care and nursing home staffs, however, believed the visits to be of great and long-lasting benefit to children and elders.
Risk Tolerance and Financial Satisfaction

The purposes of this study are to examine effects of household characteristics and risk tolerance attitude on risk tolerance behavior and to investigate the effect of risk tolerance attitude and behavior on financial satisfaction. For this study, data were collected during October of 2001 through a popular Web site for women in South Korea (www.azoomma.com). The participants in this study were 609 housewives, resulting in 607 with usable data. Multiple regression and path analysis were conducted using the SPSS for Windows. Findings suggest that the greater is risk tolerance attitude, the greater is risk tolerance behavior and those who exhibit more risk tolerance behavior tend to be more satisfied with their personal financial situation. It implies that risk tolerance behavior playa positive role in predicting financial satisfaction. The results have implication for family economists and educators in developing educational program and presenting strategic to increases financial well-being, and also for financial counselors and planners in suggesting portfolio advice to their client
By which name should I call thee? The consequences of having multiple names

The nominal competitor effect suggests that, when a person has two names associated with them, recall of either name is more difficult than if they just had one name. Drawing on a connectionist framework, this effect could arise either if multiple names were represented as being connected to a single person identity node (PIN), or if multiple names were represented as being connected via one-to-one links to multiple PINs. Whilst the latter has intuitive appeal, results from two experiments support the former architecture. Having two names connected to a single PIN not only gives rise to a nominal competitor effect (Experiment 1), but also gives rise to a familiarity enhancement effect (Experiment 2). These empirical results are simulated using an extension of Brédart, Valentine, Calder, and Gassi's (1995) connectionist architecture, which reveals that both effects hold even when the association of both names to the PIN is unequal. These results are presented in terms of a more complete model for person recognition, and the representation of semantic information within such a model is examined.
Practice of Biopsychosocial Medicine in Portugal: Perspectives of Professionals Involved

Although, recently, the biopsychosocial approach has been emphasized in the practice of family medicine, how psychologists and physicians interact in collaborative family health care practice is still emerging in Portugal. This article describes a qualitative study that focused on the understanding of psychologists and family physicians' perceptions of their role and the collaborative approach in health care. A questionnaire gathered information regarding collaboration, referral, training and the practice of biopsychosocial medicine. A content analysis on respondents' discourse was performed. Results show that both physicians and psychologists agree on the importance of the biopsychosocial model and interdisciplinary collaboration. However, they also mentioned several difficulties that have to do with the lack of psychologists working full time in health care centers, lack of communication and different expectancies regarding each other roles in health care delivery. Both physicians and psychologists acknowledge the lack of academic training and consider the need for multidisciplinary teams in their training and practice to improve collaboration and integrative care. Implications for future research and for the practice of biopsychosocial medicine are addressed. Aunque recientemente se ha subrayado el abordaje biopsicosocial en la práctica de la medicina familiar, la forma en que interactúan psicólogos y médicos en el cuidado de la salud familiar todavía está empezando en Portugal. Este artículo describe un estudio cualitativo que se centra en la comprensión de las percepciones de los psicólogos y médicos de familia de su papel y del abordaje colaborativo en el cuidado de la salud. Mediante un cuestionario, se recogió información acerca de la colaboración, derivación, entrenamiento y práctica de la medicina biopsicosocial. Se realizó un análisis de contenido del discurso de los respondientes. Los resultados muestran que tanto médicos como psicólogos están de acuerdo en la importancia del modelo biopsicosocial y la colaboración multidisciplinaria. Sin embargo, también mencionaron varias dificultades que tienen que ver con la falta de psicólogos que trabajen a tiempo completo en los centros de salud, la falta de comunicación y las diferentes expectativas acerca de sus roles en el servicio del cuidado de salud. Tanto los médicos como los psicólogos reconocen la falta de formación académica y consideran la necesidad de equipos multidisciplinarios en su formación y práctica para mejorar la colaboración y el cuidado íntegro. Se comentan las implicaciones para la investigación futura y para la práctica de la medicina biopsicosocial.
The Deterrence Effect of SEC Enforcement Intensity on Illegal Insider Trading: Evidence from Run-up before News Events

We examine whether enforcement of insider trading laws deters illegal trading. Examining insider trading cases filed by the SEC over the last decade, we find that the price impact on insider trading days is much smaller than the effect documented by Meulbroek (1992) for the 1980s, consistent with increased fear of prosecution. Moreover, we find that pre-announcement run-up in samples of all takeover bids and earnings announcements is negatively related to resource-based enforcement measures, providing evidence that aggressive enforcement deters illegal activity.
The manipulation of futures markets by a dominant producer

This paper studies the impact of a futures market on a cash market in which there is a dominant producer and a competitive fringe of price-taking firms. It is shown that a futures market has two effects: (i) it increases the production of the fringe producers because it enables them to reduce their risk; and (ii) it also enables the dominant producer to manipulate futures markets sales to induce the fringe firms to produce less. Thus the dominant producer has an incentive to destroy futures markets, but, failing that, his activities nevertheless increase the efficiency of the futures market (reduce its bias), and reduce producer risk. If fringe producers are unreasonably risk averse, and cannot observe the dominant producer's current supply or storage decision, then the dominant producer has a further incentive to destabilize the cash market.
An Examination of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: The Case of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises

Research in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has grown exponentially in the last few decades. Nevertheless, significant debate remains about the relationship between CSR performance and corporate financial performance (CFP). This is particularly true for the case of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The purpose of the current study is to empirically test the relationship between CSR and CFP. We use data for 66 Chinese SOEs listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The results are interesting in that they are not consistent with similar studies using US and other Western market data. We find a significant negative relationship between CSR performance and CFP. The results are discussed in light of the preferential government treatment afforded to Chinese SOEs, and social welfare requirements imposed on such entities. Implications for Chinese policy-makers are discussed.
CFO INSIDE DEBT AND CORPORATE INNOVATION

This thesis examines the importance of CFO incentives on the value maximization of firm. It examines the association between CFO inside debt compensation i.e., CFO pensions and deferred compensation, and investment in corporate innovation. It finds that instead of encouraging innovation, CFO inside debt appears to have a dampening effect on investment in innovation.
A 50‐Hz electromagnetic field impairs sleep

In view of reports of health problems induced by low frequency (50–60Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMF), we carried out a study in 18 healthy subjects, comparing sleep with and without exposure to a 50Hz/1μTesla electrical field. We found that the EMF condition was associated with reduced: total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, stages 3+4 slow wave sleep (SWS), and slow wave activity (SWA). Circulating melatonin, growth hormone, prolactin, testosterone or cortisol were not affected. The results suggest that commonly occurring low frequency electromagnetic fields may interfere with sleep.
Health and Sexual Status in an Urban Gay Enclave: An Application of the Stress Process Model∗

In this article, I apply the stress process model as a framework to understand sexual sociality and its impact on health among urban gay men in a large North American gay enclave. Data consisting of in-depth interviews with 70 gay men coupled with three years of fieldwork demonstrate a sexual status order that privileges caucasian, middle-class men in their twenties and early thirties, and that disadvantages black and Asian men, men over 40 years of age, and poor men. Men with low sexual status faced significant stressors in the form of avoidance from others, stigmatization, and rejection. These stressors, in turn, taxed personal resources, including self-esteem, sense of social support, and sense of control, and they also negatively affected emotional states in the form of depression and anxiety. Finally, some low status men were unable to consistently negotiate condom use as a consequence of a history of field stressors and diminished personal resources. The results suggest that more work on sexual status structures and their connection to health is needed, both within gay enclaves and across a broader spectrum of sexual subcultures.
Integrating Behavioral and Electrocortical Measures of Attentional Bias Toward Threat

The term attention is typically used to refer to a set of processes that control the fl ow of information through the nervous system, modulating perceptual, motor, and response systems. One type of attention, termed selective attention, allows individuals to select specifi c objects in their environment for enhanced processing—a mechanism that is integral to successfully navigating a complex and dynamic environment. Selective attention for threatening stimuli is often referred to as an attentional bias toward threat, and may even be integral to the survival of a species, serving as the mechanism that allows for the quick assessment of potential sources of harm in the environment. For example, human beings who could more rapidly identify the arrival of a predator in the environment would have been better positioned to escape or more prepared to fi ght. Because an attentional bias toward threat should have increased odds of survival, the human brain may have evolved to preferentially process these stimuli (LeDoux, 1998). Nevertheless, attention toward threatening stimuli does not go unchecked—human beings possess large prefrontal cortices, which permit us to direct attention toward whatever stimuli in the environment are in line with ongoing priorities (Corbetta & Shulman, 2002; Semendeferi, Lu, Schenker, & Damasio, 2002). Therefore, recent research has questioned the extent to which threatening stimuli capture attention preferentially, especially when their processing is at odds with task demands.
State-Dependent Function of Neocortical Chandelier Cells

Chandelier (axoaxonic) cells (ChCs) are a distinct group of GABAergic interneurons that innervate the axon initial segments of pyramidal cells. However, their circuit role and the function of their clearly defined anatomical specificity remain unclear. Recent work has demonstrated that chandelier cells can produce depolarizing GABAergic PSPs, occasionally driving postsynaptic targets to spike. On the other hand, other work suggests that ChCs are hyperpolarizing and may have an inhibitory role. These disparate functional effects may reflect heterogeneity among ChCs. Here, using brain slices from transgenic mouse strains, we first demonstrate that, across different neocortical areas and genetic backgrounds, upper Layer 2/3 ChCs belong to a single electrophysiologically and morphologically defined population, extensively sampling Layer 1 inputs with asymmetric dendrites. Consistent with being a single cell type, we find electrical coupling between ChCs. We then investigate the effect of chandelier cell activation on pyramidal neuron spiking in several conditions, ranging from the resting membrane potential to stimuli designed to approximate in vivo membrane potential dynamics. We find that under quiescent conditions, chandelier cells are capable of both promoting and inhibiting spike generation, depending on the postsynaptic membrane potential. However, during in vivo-like membrane potential fluctuations, the dominant postsynaptic effect was a strong inhibition. Thus, neocortical chandelier cells, even from within a homogeneous population, appear to play a dual role in the circuit, helping to activate quiescent pyramidal neurons, while at the same time inhibiting active ones.