Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MRI for breast cancer screening.

For many years the tendency of some families to exhibit a high incidence of breast cancer has been well known, with such families contributing some 10%, depending on age, to total breast cancer [1]. These families may show a range of other cancers, including ovarian, colon and prostate cancer, a higher incidence of bilateral breast cancer, and the presence of breast cancer at early ages [2]. With the increasing understanding of the genetic changes underlying cancer, a number of genetic mutations that predispose to breast cancer have been identified. These include Li Fraumeni Syndrome (TP53) [3, 4] and the BRCA1 [5, 6] and BRCA2 [7, 8] gene mutations. The characteristics of cancers arising from these mutations are being progressively identified, showing differences in biology that may affect the nature of disease, its appearance and response to treatment [9–11]. In the general population, the incidence of breast cancer is well characterised, being about 0.2% per annum at age 50 and 0.05% per annum at age 35. By comparison, BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers have an incidence of 3% and 1.5%, respectively, at age 50 and 1% and 0.7% at age 35. The cumulative risk of breast cancer is about 6% by age 70 in the normal population, compared with 45%–65% in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers [12]. BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers are responsible for some 2% of breast cancers. Thus gene mutation carriers have a very high risk of breast cancer at a young age. There is a limited range of options available to women with a strong family history or carrying a breast cancer predisposing gene mutation. While chemo-prevention approaches are under test, they are not yet routinely available or recommended for women at genetic risk [13]. Somewomen elect bilateral prophylactic mastectomy [14], although take up of this option varies considerably. High-risk women are commonly offered annual breast mammography [13], but younger women tend to have mammographically dense breasts, reducing the efficiency of this approach. In the normal population, X-ray mammography misses some 22% of invasive cancers in women below 50, compared with 10% in women over the age of 50 [15]. Breast cancer in younger women is associated with faster growing tumours, with poorer prognosis. The limitations of current techniques, together with the associated radiation dose in young women, which may be of particular concern where mutations have impaired cellular damage recovery mechanisms, has led to interest in alternative methods of screening high-risk women to enable early detection of cancer. magnetic resonance imaging of breast cancer
The unusual morphology of the intragroup medium in NGC 5171

We present the results of a 24-ks XMM-Newton observation of the NGC 5171 group of galaxies. NGC 5171 is unusual in that it is an X-ray bright group (L X > 10 42 erg s -1 ), with irregular contours which are not centred on a bright galaxy. The global spectrum is adequately described by a single-temperature APEC model with Tx = 0.96 ± 0.04 keV and Z = 0.13 ± 0.02 Z ○. , in good agreement with previous ROSAT data. We find that the X-ray contours are centred on a bright ridge of emission stretching from the brightest group galaxy to a nearby galaxy. Spectral mapping reveals this ridge to be both cool (T X 1.1 keV) and metallic (Z 0.4 Z ○. ) in comparison to its surroundings, suggesting it is the result of a tidal interaction between the two galaxies. Optical data reveal the member galaxies to have a high velocity dispersion (σ v = 494 ± 99 km s -1 ) and a significantly non-Gaussian velocity distribution, suggesting that the group is in the process of merging. A region of hot gas with Tx = 1.58 ± 0.36 keV is found to the west of the bright central ridge, and we interpret this as shock-heating resulting from the merging. A further region of emission to the south-east of the bright central ridge, with T X = 1.14 ± 0.13 keV, is probably associated with a background group, four times more distant.
Only wild‐type c‐ki‐ras codons 12, 13, and 61 in human pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas

Activation of the c‐Ki‐ras proto‐oncogene is more common in carcinomas of the pancreas than in other human carcinomas. Most such carcinomas are of the ductal cell phenotype. Ductal adenocarcinomas of the hamster pancreas have similar mutations, but acinar cell carcinomas of the mouse and rat pancreas lack the common c‐Ki‐ras mutations. Therefore, we examined 11 acinar cell carcinomas of the human pancreas for evidence of mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61. DNA was isolated from tumor cells in paraffin‐embedded sections. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the appropriate DNA sequence, and then allele‐specific oligonucleotide hybridization and DNA sequence analysis were used to evaluate c‐Ki‐ras structure. Only wild‐type sequences were found in codons 12, 13, and 61. Thus, in both the human and rodent species, mutations of c‐Ki‐ras appear to be more important in the genesis of ductal carcinomas than in the genesis of acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recognition of different daily living activities using hidden Markov model regression

The human activity recognition is widely used for human behavior prediction especially for dependent people. This is achieved to provide safety, health monitoring, and well being of this population at home. In this paper, the problem of human activity recognition is reformulated as joint segmentation of multidimensional time series. The hidden Markov model regression (HMMR) is used to perform unsupervised segmentation strategy between activities using the expectation-maximization algorithm. This is accomplished over six logical scenarios of twelve daily activities such as stair descent, standing, sitting down, sitting, From sitting to sitting on the ground and sitting on the ground. To evaluate the performance of HMMR model, other unsupervised methods are used including K-means, Gaussian mixtures model and the hidden Markov model. The results show that the HMMR model provides the best results for the different scenarios with up to 97% in terms of correct classification rate.
Potassium depolarization of mammalian vestibular sensory cells increases [Ca2+]i through voltage‐sensitive calcium channels

The existence of voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ channels in type I vestibular hair cells of mammals has not been conclusively proven. Furthermore, Ca2+ channels present in type II vestibular hair cells of mammals have not been pharmacologically identified. Fura‐2 fluorescence was used to estimate, in both cell types, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) variations induced by K+ depolarization and modified by specific Ca2+ channel agonists and antagonists. At rest, [Ca2+]i was 90 ± 20 nm in both cell types. Microperifusion of high‐K+ solution (50 mm) for 1 s increased [Ca2+]i to 290 ± 50 nm in type I (n = 20) and to 440 ± 50 nm in type II cells (n = 10). In Ca2+‐free medium, K+ did not alter [Ca2+]i. The specific L‐type Ca2+ channel agonist, Bay K, and antagonist, nitrendipine, modified in a dose‐dependent manner the K+‐induced [Ca2+]i increase in both cell types with maximum effect at 2 μm and 400 nm, respectively. Ni2+, a T‐type Ca2+ channel blocker, reduced K+‐evoked Ca2+ responses in a dose‐dependent manner. For elevated Ni2+ concentrations, the response was differently affected by Ni2+ alone, or combined to nitrendipine (500 nm). In optimal conditions, nitrendipine and Ni2+ strongly depressed by 95% the [Ca2+]i increases. By contrast, neither ω‐agatoxin IVA (1 μm), a specific P‐ and Q‐type blocker, nor ω‐conotoxin GVIA (1 μm), a specific N‐type blocker, affected K+‐evoked Ca2+i responses. These results provide the first direct evidence that L‐ and probably T‐type channels control the K+‐induced Ca2+ influx in both types of sensory cells.
Ridges and rivers: a test of competing hypotheses of Amazonian diversification using a dart-poison frog (Epipedobates femoralis)

Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequence data from a dart–poison frog, Epipedobates femoralis, were used to test two hypotheses of Amazonian diversification: the riverine barrier and the ridge hypotheses. Samples were derived from sites located on both banks of the Rio Juruá and on both sides of the Iquitos Arch in western Amazonia. The phylogeographic structure was inconsistent with predictions of the riverine barrier hypothesis. Haplotypes from opposite river banks did not form monophyletic clades in any of our phylogenetic analyses, nor was the topology within major clades consistent with the riverine hypothesis. Further, the greatest differentiation between paired sites on opposite banks was not at the river mouth where the strongest barrier to gene flow was predicted to occur. The results instead were consistent with the hypothesis that ancient ridges (arches), no longer evident on the landscape, have shaped the phylogeographic relationships of Amazonian taxa. Two robustly supported clades map onto opposite sides of the Iquitos Arch. The mean haplotypic divergence between the two clades, in excess of 12%, suggests that this cladogenic event dates to between five and 15 million years ago. These estimates span a period of major orogenesis in western South America and presumably the formation of these ancient ridges.
Stages of Change Model has Limited Value in Explaining the Change in Use of Cannabis among Adolescent Participants in an Efficacious Motivational Interviewing Intervention

ABSTRACT Previously, a Dutch randomized controlled trial evaluating an intervention aimed at changing adolescents’ cannabis use, called Moti-4, has shown its efficacy. A secondary analysis of the Moti-4 data investigated the process of change specified by the Stage of Change (SOC) model in cannabis use during the trial. Seventy-one Moti-4 participants and 60 controls were recruited for the study with a pre-test, post-test (T1), and six-month follow-up (T2). All participants showed signs of problematic cannabis use. No contribution of the Moti-4 intervention to a change in SOC between T1 and T2 was found. Although motivation for treatment and motivation for change can be conceived as independent predictors of treatment outcome, the SOC a person is in does not mediate the effect of the intervention on change in cannabis use. However, a reduction in cannabis use was associated with a positive change in “action willingness,” in line with the SOC model. In contrast to model expectations, a higher score on “contemplation” is associated with a higher cannabis consumption. Results highlight both the limitations and usefulness of the SOC model. Future interventions may focus more on the stage of “action willingness,” as well as on perceived social norms.
Global research production in glyphosate intoxication from 1978 to 2015: A bibliometric analysis

Background: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) has been used as a broad-spectrum herbicide that has been widely used in the agricultural industry and also available for home use. The main aim of this study is to present a general overview of glyphosate intoxication-related publications from its introducing since the early 1970s using bibliometric technique. Methods: On June 23, 2016, a literature search of the Scopus database was performed. We then extracted and analyzed the data using well-established qualitative and quantitative bibliometric indices: Publication year, affiliation, document type, country name, subject category, journal name, publishing language, and collaboration and citation patterns. Results: We recognized a total of 3735 publications on glyphosate published between 1973 and 2015. There were 875 publications related to glyphosate intoxication in the Scopus database published between 1978 and 2015. Articles (757) comprised 86.5% of the total publications, followed by reviews (41; 4.7%). Most publications were published in English (87.9%), followed by Portuguese (6.6%). The number of publications related to glyphosate intoxication increased from 44 in 1978–1987 up to 152 in 1996–2005 and then quadrupled in 2006–2015. The United States was the leading country with 180 documents representing 20.6%, followed by Brazil (120; 13.7%), Canada (78; 8.9%), Argentina (61; 7.0%), and France (57; 6.5%). The 85.6% of the publications was cited, and the average of citation per document was 17.13 with h-index of 55. Furthermore, the United States achieved the highest h-index of 33. Most of the global international collaborations are made with researchers from the United States, who collaborated with 23 countries/territories in 44 publications. Conclusions: The trends in global glyphosate-related research between 1978 and 2015 were evaluated by a bibliometric technique. Results showed that English was the leading publishing language, and the major publication type was original article. Findings showed that number of research publications related to glyphosate intoxication increased significantly in the last decade. The United States and Brazil are the two most productive countries in research on glyphosate intoxication. This study will be beneficial to policy makers by identifying areas that need greater investment and research funding to target appropriate agriculture sectors so as to improve glyphosate safety in a global setting.
Synchronization of Discontinuous Neural Networks with Delays via Adaptive Control

The drive-response synchronization of delayed neural networks with discontinuous activation functions is investigated via adaptive control. The synchronization of this paper means that the synchronization error approaches to zero for almost all time as time goes to infinity. The discontinuous activation functions are assumed to be monotone increasing which can be unbounded. Due to the mild condition on the discontinuous activations, adaptive control technique is utilized to control the response system. Under the framework of Filippov solution, by using Lyapunov function and chain rule of differential inclusion, rigorous proofs are given to show that adaptive control can realize complete synchronization of the considered model. The results of this paper are also applicable to continuous neural networks, since continuous function is a special case of discontinuous function. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Moreover, when there are parameter mismatches between drive and response neural networks with discontinuous activations, numerical example is also presented to demonstrate the complete synchronization by using discontinuous adaptive control.
A topology-based model for two-winding, shell-type, single-phase transformer inter-turn faults

This paper develops a topology-based model for representing two-winding, shell-type, single-phase transformer inter-turn faults. The principle of duality between the electric and magnetic equivalent circuits is concisely explained. The magnetic equivalent circuit of a two-winding, shell-type, single-phase transformer is extended to the magnetic circuit of a transformer with an inter-turn fault. The model is implemented in the electromagnetic transients program using built-in component models. The model is verified against results published for a 150kVA three-phase transformer and experimental testing on 55kVA three-phase transformer constructed for internal fault testing. While the developed model is for single-phase transformers, extending it to a topology-based model for three-phase, three-legged and five-legged transformers is straight forward. This model may find usage in transformer relay protection studies.
Artificial off-season spawning of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L.

Artificial off-season spawning of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. The aim of the study was to conduct off-season spawning of perch, Perca fluviatilis L. Spawners were obtained in late September from Lake Kortowskie. The fish were transported to the hatchery and divided into two size groups: G1 - small fish (30-70 g), and G2 - large fish (200-400 g). All males from G1 group spermiated after a two-month period of photo-thermal stimulation, but only 25% of the males from G2 group produced milt. Better results were obtained with fish that were stimulated after three months of chilling. All the stimulated males spermiated and produced higher volumes of milt. The best results, defined as ovulation success and embryo survival to the eyed-egg-stage, as well as spawner survival rate, were obtained with large females (G2-B) stimulated with a double dose of hormone (2 Ovopel pellets kg-1). The egg strands obtained from females from group A (small and large fish stimulated with GnRHa and metoclopramide at 0.1 and 1 pellet kg-1after 24 hr) were usually fragmented. All females responded to the hormonal injections after 4 to 5 days. Pozasezonowy rozród sztuczny okonia europejskiego Perca fluviatilis L. Badania miały na celu przeprowadzenie pozasezonowego rozrodu okonia w warunkach eksperymentalnych. Tarlaki pozyskano pod koniec września z Jeziora Kortowskiego i po przetransportowaniu do podchowalni umieszczono w 1000 l zbiornikach, pracujących w systemie obiegu zamkniętego z możliwością modyfikowania warunków termicznych wody oraz warunków świetlnych. Pozyskane tarlaki podzielono na dwie grupy wielkościowe: G1- ryby małe (30-70 g) i G2 - ryby duże (200-400 g). Około 50% ryb przetrzymywano przez 60 dni w wodzie o temperaturze poniżej 10°C, natomiast pozostałe ryby przetrzymywano w tych samych warunkach przez 90 dni. W okresie fazy schładzania długość cyklu świetlnego (światło : ciemność - L : D) ustawiono na 4:20. Po tym okresie przez 3 tygodnie podnoszono temperaturę wody do 14°C, jednocześnie stopniowo zmieniając cykl świetlny na 14:10 L:D. Po zakończeniu cyklu stymulacji foto-termicznej, w celu przyspieszenia dojrzewania płciowego, zastosowano iniekcję hormonalną przy użyciu preparatu hormonalnego Ovopel, stosując dwie dawki (A - 0,1 i 1 granulka kg-1; czas letencji 24 h; B - 2 granulki kg-1). Najlepsze efekty rozrodu uzyskano w grupie tarlaków okonia przetrzymywanych w wodzie o temperaturze poniżej 10°C przez 90 dni. W tym wariancie doświadczenia pozyskano nasienie od wszystkich stymulowanych samców, natomiast w przypadku samic najlepsze wyniki zanotowano w grupie G2-B, gdzie od 100% samic pozyskano ikrę, a przeżywalność embrionów do zaoczkowania wyniosła około 65%.
HYPOGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ECLIPTA ALBA IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS IN RATS

In the present study the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of methanolic extract of Eclipta alba in alloxan induced diabetic model in albino rats was examined. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injecting alloxan monohydrate dissolved in normal saline at the dose rate of 120 mg / kg b.wt. intraperitoneally as a single dose in rats Diabetes was confirmed after a fortnight by estimating serum glucose level and rats with blood glucose level more than 200 mg/dl were selected for study. The animals received methanolic extract of Eclipta alba at the dose rate of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight per os for next four weeks. Glibenclamide was used as a reference drug at 600 g/kg body weight per os. Serum glucose was estimated at weekly intervals and urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides were assayed at the end of experiment period. Antioxidant efficacy was evaluated by carrying out lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays in liver homogenate. Treatment with methanolic extract of Eclipta alba brought about a significant reduction in serum glucose (P<0.01) at the dose rate of 400 mg/kg body weight.The elevated serum biochemical parameters due to diabetes were significantly reduced by methanolic extract at the dose rate of 400 mg/kg body weight. Further, the increased levels of lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase were reduced significantly (P<0.05) whereas decreased content of reduced glutathione was corrected to normal by methanolic extract at 400 mg/kg body weight dose.
In vivo determination of T1 and T2 in the brain of patients with severe but stable multiple sclerosis

In vivo measurements of relaxation processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be important for evaluation of the disease activity in individual MS plaques. To obtain information of presumably chronic plaques, 10 patients with severe, but stable MS were investigated, using a whole‐body superconductive MR scanner, operating at 1.5 T. By employing 12‐point (or 6‐point) partial saturation inversion recovery (PSIR) and 32‐echo multiple spin‐echo sequences we measured T1 and T2 in MS plaques, white matter, and cortical gray matter. We also focused on the issue, whether T1 and T2 relaxation processes in fact were monoexponential. T1 and T2 in plaques were found to cover a wide range, which could be explained only by inherent biophysical dis similarity of the plaques, possibly due to differences in disease activity, edema and gliosis. T1 appeared monoexponential in all the plaques, but in seven cases T2 showed biexponential behavior. This was found to be most pronounced near the cerebrospinal fluid of the ventricles, probably caused by partial volume effects or increased free water content. The T2 of apparently normal white matter was significantly longer in MS patients than in healthy subjects. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA ANTIBODY STATUS AND RESPONSE TO IMMUNIZATION IN CHILDREN AFTER THERAPY FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

Seventy-seven patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were in complete remission and whose therapies had been stopped for at least 6 months before enrollment in this study were retrospectively analyzed regarding their antibody status for measles, mumps, and rubella, with the aim to demonstrate the seropositivity rate after treatment in the authors’ group. Each patient's serum samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to determine the antibody titers before and after immunization. Measles serology was available in 77 children; 45 (58%) were seronegative. Initial ages of measle-seronegative patients were statistically lower than those of seropositive cases (median 3.29 versus 4.91 years, respectively). Mumps serology was available in 76 children; 36 (47%) were seronegative. Mumps-seropositive cases tended to have more frequent previous history of infection than seronegative cases (55.0% versus 28.6%, respectively, P = .05). Rubella serology was available in 76 children, and 20 (26.3%) were seronegative. It was determined that initial ages of rubella-seronegative patients were statistically lower than those of seropositive cases (median 3.03 versus 4.32 years, respectively). The authors concluded based on the results of their study that at a median of 3.31 years after completion of chemotherapy for ALL, the majority of cases had antibody levels lower than protective values for measles (58.4%); however, these values were 47.3% for mumps and 26.3% for rubella. Seroconversion rates after measles (55%) and mumps vaccination (57.1%) were still low. However, in the available cases, relatively adequate response to rubella vaccination (92.3%) was observed.