Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Present-day stresses, seismicity and Neogene-to-Recent tectonics of Australia's ‘passive’ margins: intraplate deformation controlled by plate boundary forces

Abstract Neogene-to-Recent deformation is widespread on and adjacent to Australia's ‘passive’ margins. Elevated historical seismic activity and relatively high levels of Neogene-to-Recent tectonic activity are recognized in the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges, the SE Australian Passive Margin, SW Western Australia and the North West Shelf. In all cases the orientation of palaeostresses inferred from Neogene-to-Recent structures is consistent with independent determinations of the orientation of the present-day stress field. Present-day stress orientations (and neotectonic palaeostress trends) vary across the Australian continent. Plate-scale stress modelling that incorporates the complex nature of the convergent plate boundary of the Indo-Australian Plate (with segments of continent–continent collision, continent–arc collision and subduction) indicates that present-day stress orientations in the Australian continent are consistent with a first-order control by plate-boundary forces. The consistency between the present-day, plate-boundary-sourced stress orientations and the record of deformation deduced from neotectonic structures implicates plate boundary forces in the ongoing intraplate deformation of the Australian continent. Deformation rates inferred from seismicity and neotectonics (as high as 10−16 s−1) are faster than seismic strain rates in many other ‘stable’ intraplate regions, suggestive of unusually high stress levels imposed on the Australian intraplate environment from plate boundary interactions many thousands of kilometres distant. The spatial overlap of neotectonic structures and zones of concentrated historical seismicity with ancient fault zones and/or regions of enhanced crustal heat flow indicates that patterns of active deformation in Australia are in part, governed, by prior tectonic structuring and are also related to structural and thermal weakening of continental crust. Neogene-to-Recent intraplate deformation within the Australian continent has had profound and under-recognized effects on hydrocarbon occurrence, both by amplifying some hydrocarbon-hosting structures and by inducing leakage from pre-existing traps due to fault reactivation or tilting.
ContinuousGraphPartitioning forCameraNetworkSurveillance

In this note we discuss a novel graph partitioning problem, namely continuous graph partitioning, and we discuss its application to the design of surveillance trajectories for camera networks. In continuous graph partitioning, each edge is partitioned in a continuous fashion between its endpoint vertices, and the objective is to minimize the largest load among the vertices. We show that the continuous graph partitioning problem is convex and non-differentiable, and we characterize a solution amenable to distributed computation. The continuous graph partitioning problem naturally arises in the context of camera networks, where intruders appear at arbitrary locations and times, and the objective is to design camera trajectories for quickest detection of intruders. Finally, we propose a surveillance strategy for networks of PTZ cameras and we characterize its performance.
GARCH Option Pricing Models, the CBOE VIX, and Variance Risk Premium

In this article, we derive the corresponding implied VIX formulas under the locally risk-neutral valuation relationship (LRNVR) proposed by Duan (1995) when a class of square-root stochastic autoregressive volatility (SR-SARV) models are proposed for S&P 500 index. The empirical study shows that the GARCH implied VIX is consistently and significantly lower than the CBOE VIX for all kinds of GARCH model investigated when they are estimated with returns only. When jointly estimated with both returns and VIX, the parameters are distorted unreasonably, and the GARCH implied VIX still cannot fit the CBOE VIX from various statistical aspects. The source of this discrepancy is then theoretically analyzed. We conclude that the GARCH option pricing under the LRNVR fails to incorporate the price of volatility or variance risk premium. Copyright The Author, 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Preliminary study on the antioxidant effect of Kigelia africana fruit extract (Bignoniacieae) in male Sprague- Dawley rats

Testicular germ cells as well as epididymal maturing spermatozoa are endowed with enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenger systems to protect lipid peroxidation damage. A number of pathologies and systemic challenges can lead to an antioxidant/pro-oxidant disequilibrium. With increasing interest in herbal therapies for management of some fertility-related and inflammatory conditions, we investigated the antioxidant effect of Kigelia africana fruit extract (KAFE) on normal rats. KAFE showed a non-dose dependent elevation in testicular catalase (p < 0.05), significant decline in malondialdehyde (p < 0.001) and an up-regulation of glutathione (p < 0.001) levels. Seminal parameters were also enhanced by KAFE with the lower dose producing better effects. Male infertility is frequently accompanied by increased testicular or seminal fluid oxidative stress. This result provides further scientific basis for the use of KAFE in the treatment of male infertility.
Low Cost Identification Applications in Traffic Vehicular Environments

The world is becoming wireless. In contrast with wired technologies, wireless technologies are widespread in several sectors and they are more and more present in many aspects of life. Wireless includes any technologies which uses no wire. They can be applied for specific applications and have been standardized. (Bluetooth or IEEE 802.15.1, WiFi or IEEE 802.11, ZigBee or IEEE 802.15.4, RFID standardized as ISO 18000, etc). One of the most valuable reasons for the growth of wireless technologies for communications is the requirements for the mobility of modern applications. These requirements, and also security, make wireless technologies one of the best candidates for these applications and for establishing secure communications in traffic vehicular environments, so for vehicle to vehicle (V2V) as well as for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). Electronic Registration and Identification (ERI) of vehicles is a way to identify a vehicle univocally by means of some kind of wireless technology for communication. This protocol allows a wide range of interesting ITS applications, which involves secure identification of vehicles using symmetrical and asymmetrical techniques. These applications could be applied in private and public services (tolling systems, access to parking lots, information services, etc ). Figure 1 shows a schema which explains the whole architecture in order to understand how ERI standards are settled within an AVI/AEI architecture proposed in ISO 14814. A specific application programming interface of wireless communications developed for Electronic Registration of Vehicles is explained in this chapter as an example of application of this technology. The philosophy of this concept is gathered in the ISO/TS 24534 and ISO/TS 24535 standards, also named ERI standards. This family of standards establishes the architecture of reference to Vehicle Identification independently of the physical technology used, so they do not specify a particular wireless technology to develop any kind of system application (the standard just suggests DSRC technology for deployment of the protocol). In other terms, these standards are linked to the Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI/AEI) family of standards, which are ISO 14814 to 14816. This family of standards is the framework in which ERI is included. Taking into account what is explained in the standards, ERI protocol allows establishing secure communications between the road infrastructure and the moving vehicles. This is an issue in which several Traffic administrations have been interested in. In this sense,
The use of two microbiotests to evaluate the toxicity of sediment from Mpumalanga, South Africa

Rapid urbanisation throughout the world has resulted in numerous ecological and environmental problems. The release of contaminants into the aquatic environment and the subsequent accumulation in sediment is a specific area of concern due to the potential re-release of the contaminants into solution. The responses of two microbiotests designed to evaluate sediment toxicity (the Ostracodtoxkit F and Phytotoxkit test) were compared once exposed to three samples collected in the vicinity of a power station in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Sediment characterisation and chemical analyses were conducted in order to determine possible correlations with the expressed results. Where possible, the concentration of chemicals in the sediment was compared to available sediment guidelines. The study showed that whilst the Phytotoxkit test results did not indicate any acute toxicity (< 50% inhibition), the Ostracodtoxkit F test indicated 100% mortality at the upstream site, with increased growth inhibition at the remaining two sites. The concentration of chrome at all three sites exceeded the interim sediment quality guidelines (37 mg/kg), with the sample collected at the upstream site exceeding the probable effect level (90 mg/kg). The findings from this study indicated that the Phytotoxkit and Ostracodtoxkit F test kits are sensitive enough to evaluate sediment toxicity. Keywords: Ostracodtoxkit F, Phytotoxkit, sediment contamination
Information System Precision and Honesty in Managerial Reporting: A Re-Examination of Information Asymmetry Effects

Hannan, Rankin, and Towry (2006, HRT hereafter) propose that an information system is capable of affecting honesty in the manager's budget report by reducing information asymmetry between the manager and the owner regarding the level of honesty in the budget. They find that going from no information system to a coarse information system increases honesty in managerial reporting. However, they also report evidence that going from a coarse information system to a precise information system decreases honesty in managerial reporting. We extend HRT's study in two ways. First, we extend their behavioral theory by incorporating the possibility that reducing information asymmetry could increase the manager's preference for honesty in the budget (Koford & Penno, 1992; Bicchieri, 2006). Second, we note that HRT held information system accuracy constant at a relatively low level, which is another source of information asymmetry. Thus, we test the robustness of HRT's negative precision result by manipulating information system precision and accuracy at two levels using a computerized version of their manual experiment. We find that information system precision increases honesty in managerial reporting and that this positive precision effect is weaker under low information system accuracy. A supplemental analysis suggests that our data are generally similar to HRT's data in our two low accuracy conditions and that their negative precision result is attributable to an unusual period effect in their coarse information system condition.
The Effect of Biochar on the Growth and N Fertilizer Requirement of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Green House Experiment

Greenhouse experiments were carried out to study the effect of biochar and other organic amendment (Chicken Manure, CM; and City waste compost, CW) using on the growth and N fertilizer requirement of maize. The first experiment was carried out to study the effect of biochar application to maize growth, and then continued to study the residual effect of biochar. The second experiment was carried out to study the effect of biochar application on nitrogen fertilizer requirement. The results show that the first season of maize biomass of organic amendment of treated soils did not significantly different from no organic amendment. However, organic amendment improved soil fertility status, especially increasing C-organic, N, K and CEC. The biomass of the second season maize of biochar of treated soil was higher compared to the other treatments. The second experiment shows that biochar application decreased N fertilizer requirement. To produce 3.23 Mg ha -1 biomass, it required 90 kg ha -1 N for 15 Mg ha -1 CM biochar treated soil, and 160 kg ha -1 for the non treated soil.
Some causes and consequences of high-temperature, low-pressure metamorphism in the eastern Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia

Andalusite‐, and sillimanite‐bearing metapelites in the eastern Mt Lofty Ranges preserve evidence for mineral equilibration during convergent deformation at temperatures near 550–600°C and pressures of 300–500 MPa, with lateral gradients in peak temperature of about 10°C/km near the first appearance of fibrolitic sillimanite (i.e. the sillimanite‐in isograd). The high‐temperature portion of the metamorphic history appears to have been nearly isobaric and the inferred geometry of isograd patterns apparently established during the deformation suggests the duration of deformation to be in the range 0.3+0.7 ‐0.3 million years. These factors imply that the thermal perturbation responsible for peak metamorphism resulted primarily from localized, advective heat transfer in the lithosphere. Advection of heat in granitic magma, at least to the presently exposed crustal levels, is suggested by the intimate relationship between the attainment of peak metamorphic temperatures, convergent deformation and intrusion. Th.
Structure and stability of steady porous medium convection at large Rayleigh number

A systematic investigation of unstable steady-state solutions of the Darcy–Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations at large values of the Rayleigh number $\mathit{Ra}$ is performed to gain insight into two-dimensional porous medium convection in domains of varying aspect ratio $L$ . The steady convective states are shown to transport less heat than the statistically steady ‘turbulent’ flow realised at the same parameter values: the Nusselt number $\mathit{Nu}\sim \mathit{Ra}$ for turbulent porous medium convection, while $\mathit{Nu}\sim \mathit{Ra}^{0.6}$ for the maximum heat-transporting steady solutions. A key finding is that the lateral scale of the heat-flux-maximising solutions shrinks roughly as $L\sim \mathit{Ra}^{-0.5}$ , reminiscent of the decrease of the mean inter-plume spacing observed in turbulent porous medium convection as the thermal forcing is increased. A spatial Floquet analysis is performed to investigate the linear stability of the fully nonlinear steady convective states, extending a recent study by Hewitt et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 737, 2013, pp. 205–231) by treating a base convective state, and secondary stability modes, that satisfy appropriate boundary conditions along plane parallel walls. As in that study, a bulk instability mode is found for sufficiently small-aspect-ratio base states. However, the growth rate of this bulk mode is shown to be significantly reduced by the presence of the walls. Beyond a certain critical $\mathit{Ra}$ -dependent aspect ratio, the base state is most strongly unstable to a secondary mode that is localised near the heated and cooled walls. Direct numerical simulations, strategically initialised to investigate the fully nonlinear evolution of the most dangerous secondary instability modes, suggest that the (long time) mean inter-plume spacing in statistically steady porous medium convection results from a balance between the competing effects of these two types of instability.
Weed seed bank density and composition in a tillage and landscape variability study

Research has shown that weed communities are influenced by many factors including cropping systems, tillage practices, and geographical landscape. Evaluating response of the weed seed bank to varying agricultural practices and landscape positions can lead to better site-specific weed control strategies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate cropping and landscape affects on weed seed bank composition and density. Soil samples were collected from an established experiment located at the E.V. Smith Research and Extension Center near Shorter, AL. The treatment design was a factorial arrangement of two tillage systems (conventional and no-till), two manure (with and without), and three landscape positions, in a corn (Zea mays L.) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) rotation. A greenhouse study was conducted using soil samples from the experiment to identify weed seedlings from each treatment. Results from this experiment indicate that the inclusion of high residue cover crops into a conservation tillage system can reduce weed seed within the upper 7.6 cm of the soil seed bank.
Patterns of Injuries After Road Traffic Crashes involving Bodabodas

Background Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Bodabodas are a main form of transport in Kampala and are becoming a major cause of road traffic crashes. We examined the pattern of injuries attributed to bodabodas. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all trauma patients who presented between June and August 2008 to the emergency ward of the Mulago hospital in Kampala and identified the patient characteristics and the nature of injuries sustained. Results Road Traffic Crashes (RTC’s) were the leading cause of trauma and bodabodas were involved in 41% of all trauma patients. Majority of the patients were young males below the age of 40. The commonest injuries were fractures, cranial trauma and soft tissue injuries. The lower limbs bore the brunt of the injuries. Conclusions Injuries seen as a result of bodabodas constitute a majority of trauma cases and are hence a pressing problem in need of urgent solutions. The relevant authorities should ensure preparedness of the health system to cater for the care of these patients.
Ownership Restructuring in Chinese State Industry: An Analysis of Evidence on Initial Organizational Changes

China has now entered the third decade of its economic reform. While the sweeping decollectivization in the rural sector during the early 1980s is widely regarded as successful, reform in the urban sector has proceeded at a much slower pace and with mixed results.For overviews, see Barry Naughton, Growing Out of the Plan: Chinese Economic Reform, 1978–1993 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Dwight H. Perkins, “Reforming China's economic system,” Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 26 (1988), pp. 601–645, and “Completing China's move to the market,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 8 (1994), pp. 23–46. The main carriers of economic activities in the urban sector are state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Since 1993, the Chinese government has embarked on a major effort to shift the focus of SOE reform from delegation of decision-making authority to enterprises, which was the predominant strategy in the preceding decade, to ownership restructuring.
Dermatoglyphic Patterns in Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients of Chhattisgarh, India

Objectives: Dermatoglyphics is useful in the management of various genetic disorders. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder of early age which in severe forms needs blood transfusion. Prevalence of sicklers is around 10% in Chhattisgarh, India population. One can diagnose the cases of sickle cell anemia by dermatoglyphics which deals with the study of epidermal ridges. This non invasive tool for diagnosis will prove to be a boon to sicklers and will help for creating their healthy future. Materials and Methods: Seventy five children with sickle cell anemia and seventy five healthy children were included in the study. Palmar dermatoglyphic patterns of all the children were studied by photographs taken by high definition resolution digital camera. Atd angle, a-b ridge count and palmer fingertip patterns were noted and compared across the
Mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of maleic anhydride modified rice husk filled PVC composites

Unmodified and modified rice husk powder filled PVC composites were prepared having different amounts of rice husk powder. Mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of these composites were determined. The tensile strength of rice husk powder PVC composites having 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 weight percent of rice husk powder was found to be 33.9, 19.4, 18.1, 14.6, and 9.5 MPa, respectively. Adding of maleic anhydride- modified rice husk powder improved the tensile strength of rice husk powder PVC composites. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of composites increased on treatment of rice husk powder due to the improved bonding between rice husk powder and PVC matrix. Arc-resistance of rice husk powder PVC composites was not affected on increasing loading of the powder. Volume resistivity and surface resistivity decreased with increasing loading due to the presence of impurities and water molecules. Vicat softening temperature increased with rice husk powder loading. Addition of rice husk increased the melting temperature of the composite matrix as compared to pure PVC.
Bifurcation and Stability Analysis of a Food Web in a Chemostat

In this study, a classical model describing a food web in a chemostat involving three species competing for non-reproducing, growth rate-limiting nutrient in which one of the competitors predates on one of the other competitors is considered. Quantitative analyses of non-negativity and boundedness of solution trajectories, dissipativity, behavior around equilibria, global stability and persistence of the model equations are analyzed. We present the global stability of equilibria by constructing a Lyapunov function. Hopf bifurcation theory is applied.
The Correlation between Metacognitive Knowledge with Mathematics Anxiety in the First Grade High School Female Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between control source and role-personality conflict the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between met cognitive knowledge and math anxiety. The population of the study consists of 1950 female students in the first grade of high school in Tehran 8 th district. 323 female students were selected using cluster sampling. The instrument consisted of two standardized questionnaires designed by Swanson to assess problem-solving met cognitive knowledge and Math Anxiety Scale constructed by Chiu and Henry. Using factor analysis and Cranach’s alpha, both validity and reliability of the questionnaires were attained. Analyzing the data in the descriptive statistics area was conducted by frequency and percentage and in inferential statistics with the Pearson correlation showed that the relationship between met cognitive knowledge and problem solving with math anxiety is negatively significant at 99%confidence level (r=-0/454). The relationship between the components of met cognitive knowledge (person, task and strategy) with math anxiety is significantly negative. In other words, the more the learner informed and aware of the cognitive system, task, and strategy, the less he/she will feel math anxiety. The index of knowledge of strategies demonstrates the most significant negative relationship with students' math anxiety while the two other indexes, knowledge of self and task, are in the next levels respectively. The results generally indicate that more students are aware of problem-solving met cognitive knowledge, less they suffer from math anxiety. Keywords: Math Anxiety, Met cognitive knowledge, The first grade high school.