Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal age and number of children are risk factors for depressive disorders in non-perinatal women of reproductive age

Abstract Objective. It remains unclear whether or not the vulnerability of depression in women of reproductive age is related with pregnancy or perinatal period. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of depressive disorders and related factors in a large sample of non-perinatal women of reproductive age. Method. This study involved 589 women of reproductive age. At baseline, sociodemographic data and premenstrual assessment forms were completed, and screening tests for the assessment of the severity of depressive symptoms were administered to all of the participants. Participants who had over scale scores of the cut-off point in the screening instruments were assessed with module A of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-I) to determine DSM IV Axis I disorders. Results. The prevalence of depressive disorders was 32.8%. Depressive disorders had high rates in women who were married at younger ages and who had three or more children. Although the prevalence of depressive disorders was 32.8%, only 10.4% of the women had follow-up and treatment in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Conclusion. Low education levels, early maternal age, and having more than three children and higher premenstrual symptom scores were risk factors for depressive disorders in non-perinatal reproductive age.
PENGARUH OPINION SHOPPING DAN AUDIT TENURE TERHADAP OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN DENGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

This studyaims to determine how the effecton opinion shopping, audit tenure of going concern audit opinion by size of the company as moderating. This research was conducted in sectors of banking listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period of 2013 to 2016 using a sample of 25 companies. Samples were selected using purposive sampling method with a basic analisis using logistik regression and absolute different value. The samples used in the studywhere 25 of the companys with data obsevartion for 4 years. Based on the analysis results it is revealed that the opinion shopping and audit tenure doesn’t seet to affect towards the going concern opinion. Size of company weaken then the influence of the opinion shopping of the going concern audit opinion namun size of company can not influence audit tenure on going concern audit opinion. Keywords: Audit tenure, opinion shopping, size of company, going concern opinio
A dynamic continuum of pleiomorphic tubules and vacuoles in growing hyphae of a fungus

The vacuole system in growing hyphal tips of Pisolithus tinctorius is a dynamic continuum of vacuoles and extensible tubular elements. The system varies from a tubular reticulum with few vacuoles across a spectrum of intermediate forms to clusters of vacuoles with few tubules. Spherical vacuoles interconnected in clusters are situated at intervals along the hyphal tip and are transiently linked by tubules that extend from a vacuole in one cluster and fuse with that of another. Extension and retraction of the tubules is independent of cytoplasmic streaming, can occur in either direction, and covers distances as great as 60 micrometre. The tubules pulsate and peristalsis-like movements transfer globules of material along them between the vacuoles in different clusters. The tubules also generate vacuoles. The tubular system has the potential for intracellular transport of solutes in the hyphal tips without concomitant transfer of large amounts of membrane. This contrasts with models of intracellular transport via vesicles, where the ratio of membrane transferred to internal content is very much higher. The system has many features in common with tubular endosomal and lysosomal systems in cultured animal cells.
Genes in genital malformations and male reproductive health

Genital malformations constitute the most common birth defects encountered in man and domestic animals. They occur more frequently in genetic males since the participation of many genes is required for sex differentiation to proceed in the male direction. The emerging insight, through the identification of genes involved in the sex differentiation cascade, is that over 85 percent of sex anomalies in human and domestic animal populations are not attributable to chromosome aberrations or to mutations in a known gene. Since a majority of severely malformed individuals are incapable of reproduction, the high rates of these defects have to be the results either of new mutations or of collaboration of environmental factors with genes. Increase in the prevalence of specific malformations in domestic animals often indicates increased concentration of liability genes brought together in the conceptus by inbreeding. However, in human populations where inbreeding is not the norm, such increases may reflect environment-induced new mutations or interaction of environmental agents with hormone sensitive genes. This review summarizes the information currently available on the genetics of major events in male sex differentiation and briefly discusses the collaborative role environment may play in disrupting different components of this process.
Genetic Changes of Wnt Pathway Genes Are Common Events in Metaplastic Carcinomas of the Breast

Purpose: Metaplastic carcinomas are distinct invasive breast carcinomas with aberrant nonglandular differentiation, which may be spindle, squamous, or chondroid. The limited effective treatments result from the lack of knowledge of its molecular etiology. Given the role of the Wnt pathway in cell fate and in the development of breast cancer, we hypothesized that defects in this pathway may contribute to the development of metaplastic carcinomas. Design: In 36 primary metaplastic carcinomas, we comprehensively determined the prevalence of and mechanism underlying β-catenin and Wnt pathway deregulation using immunohistochemistry for β-catenin expression and localization and mutational analysis for CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin), APC, WISP3, AXIN1, and AXIN2 genes. By immunohistochemistry, normal β-catenin was seen as membrane staining, and it was aberrant when >5% of tumor cells had nuclear or cytoplasmic accumulation or reduced membrane staining. Results: By immunohistochemistry, aberrant β-catenin was present in 33 of 36 (92%) cases, revealing deregulation of the Wnt pathway. CTNNB1 missense mutations were detected in 7 of 27 (25.9%) tumors available for mutation analyses. All mutations affected the NH2-terminal domain of β-catenin, presumably rendering the mutant protein resistant to degradation. Two of 27 (7.4%) tumors had mutations of APC, and 5 (18.5%) carried a frame shift mutation of WISP3. No AXIN1 or AXIN2 mutations were found. Conclusions: Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is common in this specific subtype of breast carcinoma. The discovery of CTNNB1, APC, and WISP3 mutations may result in new treatments for patients with metaplastic carcinomas of the breast.
Hyperoxia does not increase peak muscle oxygen uptake in small muscle group exercise.

We examined the influence of hyperoxia on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and peripheral gas exchange during exercise with the quadriceps femoris muscle. Young, trained men (n=5) and women (n=3) performed single-leg knee-extension exercise at 70% and 100% of maximum while inspiring normal air (NOX) or 60% O2 (HiOX). Blood was sampled from the femoral vein of the exercising limb and from the contralateral artery. In comparison with NOX, hyperoxic arterial O2 tension (PaO2) increased from 13.5 +/- 0.3 (x +/- SE) to 41.6 +/- 0. 3 kPa, O2 saturation (SaO2) from 98 +/- 0.1 to 100 +/- 0.1%, and O2 concentration (CaO2) from 177 +/- 4 to 186 +/- 4 mL L-1 (all P < 0. 01). Peak exercise femoral venous PO2 (PvO2) was also higher in HiOX (3.68 +/- 0.06 vs. 3.39 +/- 0.7 kPa; P < 0.05), indicating a higher O2 diffusion driving pressure. HiOX femoral venous O2 saturation averaged 36.8 +/- 2.0% as opposed to 33.4 +/- 1.5% in NOX (P < 0.05) and O2 concentration 63 +/- 6 vs. 55 +/- 4 mL L-1 (P < 0.05). Peak exercise quadriceps blood flow (Qleg), measured by the thermo-dilution technique, was lower in HiOX than in NOX, 6.4 +/- 0. 5 vs. 7.3 +/- 0.9 L min-1 (P < 0.05); mean arterial blood pressure at inguinal height was similar in NOX and HiOX at 144 and 142 mmHg, respectively. O2 delivery to the limb (Qleq times CaO2) was not significantly different in HiOX and NOX. VO2peak of the exercising limb averaged 890 mL min-1 in NOX and 801 mL min-1 in HiOX (n.s.) corresponding to 365 and 330 mL min-1 per kg active muscle, respectively. The VO2peak-to-PvO2 ratio was lower (P < 0.05) in HiOX than in NOX suggesting a lower O2 conductance. We conclude that the similar VO2peak values despite higher O2 driving pressure in HiOX indicates a peripheral limitation for VO2peak. This may relate to saturation of the rate of O2 turnover in the mitochondria during exercise with a small muscle group but can also be caused by tissue diffusion limitation related to lower O2 conductance.
Task-Driven Dictionary Learning Based on Mutual Information for Medical Image Classification

<italic>Objective:</italic> We present a novel variant of the bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) method for automated medical image classification. <italic>Methods:</italic> Our approach improves the BoVW model by learning a task-driven dictionary of the most relevant visual words per task using a mutual information-based criterion. Additionally, we generate relevance maps to visualize and localize the decision of the automatic classification algorithm. These maps demonstrate how the algorithm works and show the spatial layout of the most relevant words. <italic>Results:</italic> We applied our algorithm to three different tasks: chest x-ray pathology identification (of four pathologies: cardiomegaly, enlarged mediastinum, right consolidation, and left consolidation), liver lesion classification into four categories in computed tomography (CT) images and benign/malignant clusters of microcalcifications (MCs) classification in breast mammograms. Validation was conducted on three datasets: 443 chest x-rays, 118 portal phase CT images of liver lesions, and 260 mammography MCs. The proposed method improves the classical BoVW method for all tested applications. For chest x-ray, area under curve of 0.876 was obtained for enlarged mediastinum identification compared to 0.855 using classical BoVW (with <italic>p</italic>-value <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $<$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.01). For MC classification, a significant improvement of 4% was achieved using our new approach (with <italic>p</italic>-value = 0.03). For liver lesion classification, an improvement of 6% in sensitivity and 2% in specificity were obtained (with <italic>p</italic>-value <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.001). <italic>Conclusion:</italic> We demonstrated that classification based on informative selected set of words results in significant improvement. <italic>Significance: </italic> Our new BoVW approach shows promising results in clinically important domains. Additionally, it can discover relevant parts of images for the task at hand without explicit annotations for training data. This can provide computer-aided support for medical experts in challenging image analysis tasks.
Aislinn Bohren “ Stochastic Games in Continuous Time : Persistent Actions in Long-Run Relationships ” , Second Version PIER Working Paper 14-033

This paper studies a class of continuous-time stochastic games in which the actions of a long-run player have a persistent effect on payoffs. For example, the quality of a firm’s product depends on past as well as current effort, or the level of a policy instrument depends on a government’s past choices. The long-run player faces a population of small players, and its actions are imperfectly observed. I establish the existence of Markov equilibria, characterize the Perfect Public Equilibria (PPE) payoff set as the convex hull of the Markov Equilibria payoff set, and identify conditions for the uniqueness of a Markov equilibrium in the class of all PPE. The existence proof is constructive: it characterizes the explicit form of Markov equilibria payoffs and actions, for any discount rate. Action persistence creates a crucial new channel to generate intertemporal incentives in a setting where traditional channels fail, and can provide permanent non-trivial incentives in many settings. These results offer a novel framework for thinking about reputational dynamics of firms, governments, and other long-run agents.
Cost-effectiveness of varenicline compared with bupropion, NRT, and nortriptyline for smoking cessation in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the cost-effectiveness of varenicline, a new pharmacotherapy to support smoking cessation, compared with the currently available pharmacologic alternatives in the Netherlands. Methods: The BENESCO-model was used to estimate the long-term health and economic benefits of smoking cessation for a cohort of smokers making a one-time quit attempt. The cohort represented the population of Dutch smokers with respect to gender, age, and prevalence of the smoking-related diseases included in the model: COPD, lung cancer, CHD, stroke, and asthma exacerbations. The model compared the cumulative incidence of smoking-related diseases, (quality-adjusted) life years, intervention costs, and direct medical costs between the cohort treated with varenicline and the same cohort either untreated (unaided cessation) or treated with bupropion, nortriptyline or NRT. The time horizon was lifetime. Future costs were discounted at 4%, health outcomes at 1.5%. Results: The cost of varenicline per additional quitter ranged from 1030 Euro compared with NRT to 4270 Euro compared with nortriptyline. When including the savings due to the reduction in incidence of smoking-related diseases, varenicline generated net savings compared with bupropion and NRT. Compared with nortriptyline and unaided cessation, varenicline was estimated to cost 1650 Euro/QALY and 320 Euro/QALY gained, respectively. At a willingness-to-pay as low as 5000/QALY gained, the probability that varenicline was cost-effective was more than 80% compared to bupropion, NRT, and unaided cessation and about 60% compared to nortriptyline. Conclusion: Treatment with varenicline for smoking cessation is cost-effective compared with nortriptyline and unaided cessation and even cost-saving compared with bupropion and NRT.
Evaluation of Public Service Motivation: A Case Study of Hefei Public Sector Organizations

This paper highlights the effects of ‘Public Service Motivation’ (PSM) in public sector organizations. This research explores the relationship between employees’ motivation (intrinsic expectation & extrinsic expectation), goal clarity and employees’ participation with ‘Public Service Motivation’ (PSM). A questionnaire was used in this research to conduct a survey. About 70% response rate was generated out of 300 employees located in different public sector organizations of Hefei city of Anhui province in P.R. China, including health, education and High-Tech firms. The Scope of this study is delimited to the public sector organizations of Hefei City China. The result shows that there is a strong positively significant relationship of employees’ motivation, participation, and goal clarity with ‘Public Service Motivation’ (PSM), which can be further strengthened by innovative organizational culture.
The significance of the risk-related challenges in tourist destination choice

There are numerous pull forces that determine destination choice. In the contemporary turbulent conditions, safety and security risks have a growing role. This is particularly evident in the Mediterranean region, bearing in mind that the political crisis in the Arab world has reflected in this region as the largest receptive market. Therefore, the study has been conducted to determine which factors are the most important in the process of choosing a destination and whether the recent crises have affected travel habits. In addition to the descriptive statistics, the data obtained by the Likert scale were analyzed by independent samples t -test in SPSS. The results have revealed that price, service quality, and risk-related issues are the main parameters of destination choice. In this regard, the respondents expressed their understanding of contemporary security risks in the Mediterranean (terrorist acts, militant groups, migration crisis, etc.). The research also showed the influence of different sources of information on travel habits, primarily word-of-mouth process, and mass media. The crisis has affected the demand allocation, but not trip cancellation. Based on the abovementioned we can conclude that safety and security risks are not the only and decisive factor but represent an important parameter in the destination choice.
The common denominator in the perception of accents in cases with foreign accent syndrome

ABSTRACT Background: Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a rare speech disorder leading to a perceived presence of a new accent in a speaker’s speech. Until now, around 100 cases of FAS have been reported. It is striking that in most cases the perception of the accent is in one consistent direction, namely from languages like English or Dutch to accents of Romance, Germanic, Eastern European or tonal languages. Aims: In this article, we will try to come up with an overarching explanation for the accent changes seen in FAS, relating these changes to force of articulation. Main Contribution: We assume that the foreign accent in FAS is interpreted on the basis of the stereotypical segmental and prosodic characteristics that relate to the phonetics and phonology of specific languages. We hypothesise that the direction in perception of a FAS accent will go from a language characterised by relatively more lenition processes, into languages with relatively more fortition characteristics in their phonetic realisations and phonological system and not the other way around. Accents are expected to change from stress-timed to syllable-timed languages, from weight-sensitive stress systems to weight-insensitive systems, from non-aspirated to aspirated systems, and within these language groups from languages characterised by, for example, relatively more reduction and assimilation processes to languages with relatively less lenition. We have tested our hypothesis with the already described FAS cases. We restricted ourselves to the cases of neurogenic FAS described in English and to which enough details were provided in order to be able to judge the change of accent. Conclusions: From the 58 cases that fitted with these criteria, almost 90% showed a change of accent in the expected direction or did not contradict our hypothesis. Only six accent changes did not directly support it. The reported phonetic descriptions of the cases, if available, nevertheless suggest that they do not seem to completely violate our hypothesis.
Histomorphometric Changes in the Testes and Epididymis of Wistar Strain Albino Rats Following Fourteen Days Oral Administration of Therapeutic Doses of Some Antibiotics

Estudios referentes a testiculos y tejido epididimario en ratas tratadas por via oral durante catorce dias, con dosis terapeuticas de cloxacilina (6mg/100g/dia), ampicilina (4mg/100/dia) y tetraciclina (12mg/100g/dia) por separado muestran una reduccion significativa en el peso testicular y epididimario. Los estudios microscopicos de los organos reproductores masculinos revelan ademas una alteracion significativa en el epididimo como se observa en la reduccion del diametro (p<0,05) de los conductos del epididimo (EDD), y la altura del epitelio epididimal (EEH) en el grupo de los animales tratados. Sin embargo, se registro un aumento significativo (p <0,05) en el diametro luminal del epididimo (ELD) en todos los animales despues de dos y tres semanas del periodo de recuperacion. Esto genera otro punto de vista en relacion a la toxicidad de estos antibioticos en los organos reproductivos masculinos, ademas de la reduccion de la concentracion serica de testosterona, disminucion de la motilidad del esperma, disminucion del recuento de espermatozoides y disminucion en el contenido de ARN y ADN en las celulas de espermatogenesis como se reporto anteriormente.
LambdaSa1 and LambdaSa2 Prophage Lysins of Streptococcus agalactiae

ABSTRACT Putative N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase genes from LambdaSa1 and LambdaSa2 prophages of Streptococcus agalactiae were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzymes lysed the cell walls of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The peptidoglycan digestion products in the cell wall lysates were not consistent with amidase activity. Instead, the structure of the muropeptide digestion fragments indicated that both the LambdaSa1 and LambdaSa2 lysins exhibited γ-d-glutaminyl-l-lysine endopeptidase activity. The endopeptidase cleavage specificity of the lysins was confirmed using a synthetic peptide substrate corresponding to a portion of the stem peptide and cross bridge of Streptococcus agalactiae peptidoglycan. The LambdaSa2 lysin also displayed β-d-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity.
Analysis Factor of Capital Structure Property and Real Estate Companies in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of company Size (SIZE), Liquidity(LIQ), Growth Opportunity (GROWTH), Tangibility (TANG), dan Bussines Risk (RISK) of Capital Structure-property and real estate in Indonesia. This research is quantitative research aiming to work out a systematically explain the facts and properties in an object in the study then do the merger between related variables in it with the presentation of secondary data from the financial statements of banking companies in the country of Indonesia. The population used in this study is a banking company listed in Indonesia stock exchanges in the period 2009-2016. Research results for property and real estate in Indonesia The value of R square model is 0,589 percent means that the variation of capital structure that can be explained by the independent variables in the analysis of Size, Liq, Growth, Tang, and Risk of 58.90 percent of the remaining of 41.1 percent explained by other factors not included in this study.