Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Follow-Up of 24.5 Years After Intra-Articular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Lateral Extra-Articular Augmentation

Background: Many studies have reported successful outcomes 10 to 15 years after ACL reconstruction. However, few authors report results at ultra long-term follow-up (more than 20 years of follow-up). Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how the status of the medial meniscus and the medial compartment articular cartilage observed at the time of ACL reconstruction affects results more than 24 years after surgery. This article examines long-term outcome of ACL reconstruction with extra-articular augmentation (procedure performed through a medial arthrotomy). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: One hundred of 148 patients reviewed at 11.5 years of follow-up could be reviewed at 24.5 years. Complete clinical and radiographic evaluation (International Knee Documentation Committee scale and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) was performed. Results: The radiographic International Knee Documentation Committee rating was as follows: grade A, 39%; grade B, 7%; grade C, 27%; and grade D, 27%. Onset of osteoarthritis was correlated with medial meniscal status and femoral chondral defects at time of surgery. Conclusion: Total medial meniscectomy and articular cartilage damage were risk factors for osteoarthritis.
The form and function of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb.

Although this joint has been extensively studied by many workers including Fick, L. (1854), Fick, R. (1911), Du Bois Reymond (1895, 1896), and more recently by Haines (1944), certain aspects of its motion in relation to the function of the thumb, and in particular to the part played by the joint in the complex movement of opposition, would seem to merit further investigation in the light of MacConaill's (1946a-d) studies of the fundamental mechanics of synovial joints. The exact status of the term opposition is in itself a problem that cannot be solved by turning to the standard books of reference. Opposition is used here in a functional sense and is defined as that movementwhich results in the pulp surfaceof the thumb becoming diametrically opposed to the pulp surface of one or other of the remaining digits for the purposes of prehension. The observations made are based upon examination of the joint in forty-two cadavers during the course of a previous investigation (Napier, 1952) and upon six dissections recently carried out.
Bladder Cancer and Schistosomiasis: Is There a Difference for the Association?

Bladder cancer represents a significant worldwide health problem with an estimated 386,300 new cases and 150,200 deaths in 2008 worldwide. The majority of bladder cancer occurs in males and there is a 14-fold variation in incidence internationally. The highest incidence rates are found in the countries of Europe, North America, and Northern Africa (Jemal et al.2011). Smoking and occupational exposures are the major risk factors in Western countries, whereas chronic infection with Schistosoma hematobium (SH) in developing countries, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, accounts for about 50% of the total burden. The majority of bladder cancers associated with schistosomiasis are squamous cell carcinoma (Figure 1). Although the majority of bladder cancers, present with disease confined to the superficial layer of the bladder wall, approximately 20–40% of the patients will present with or subsequently develop invasive cancer. Bladder cancer is morphologically heterogeneous; more than 90 % of bladder cancer cases are urothelial (UC, transitional cell, TCC) carcinoma, whereas primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and other rare tumors are less common (Lopez-Beltran and Cheng, 2006). Urothelial cell carcinoma can present mixed with other malignant components (figure 2). These mixed forms of bladder histologies include squamous differentiation (present in 20 60% of bladder cancer cases), adenocarcinoma or glandular differentiation (10%), sarcomatoid (7%), micropapillary (3.7%) and lymphoepitelioma-like carcinoma. About 1 in 25 Western men and 1 in 80 women will be diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC) sometime in their life. In many developing countries, life expectancy is much lower than Westerns, which is one of the reasons why overall BC incidence (not age-specific incidence) is lower in these developing countries (Albertson and Pinkel, 2003). It is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. History of Tobacco smoking not only increases the incidence of BC, but also it can increase the tumor grade, its size and the number of tumor lesions (Muscheck et al, 2000). Chronic schistosomal cystitis was related for a long period to the development of BC in areas endemic for schistosomiasis like Egypt. In these areas, risk factors are many, including exposure to schistosomiasis, increased smoking rate and exposure to carcinogenic chemicals (Kallioniemi et al, 1992).
Omphalocele: beyond the size issue.

A small omphalocele was diagnosed and followed up prenatally. Ultrasonography examinations and clinical examination at birth were all consistent with an isolated, small omphalocele. Immediate surgical exploration at birth found an associated type I intestinal atresia. This rare association and the need for immediate postnatal management of omphalocele are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Minimally Invasive PCNL in Patients with Renal Pelvic and Calyceal Stones

Stones of the renal pelvis can be treated either by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). As a low–risk procedure with a longer treatment period, SWL often leads to persistent residual stone fragments, whereas conventional PCNL achieves a higher stone–free rate and allows a shorter treatment period albeit with a somewhat higher surgical risk. To reduce the invasiveness of conventional PCNL, the application of a miniaturised instrument for PCNL (MPCNL) was evaluated. For MPCNL a rigid nephroscope with a calibre of 12 F was developed and used in 19 patients. After puncture of the kidney under ultrasound control and single–step dilatation, a 15 F Amplatz sheath was placed. Data on the stone size and location, stone–free rate, blood transfusions, operating time and complications were recorded. In all patients, the part of the kidney afflicted by the stone was successfully punctured. On average, retreatment rate was 0.7. The mean stone size was 2.4 cm2. The average operating time was 99.2 min. In every case, the absence of residual stones was confirmed radiologically and nephroscopically. Hemorrhages requiring a blood transfusion did not occur. A febrile pyelonephritis occurred as a postoperative complication in one patient (= 5.3%). MPCNL represents an alternative to SWL for renal calculi with a size from 1 to 2 cm located in the renal pelvis and calices, especially the lower calix. The advantages are the short treatment time, the high stone–free rate and the accessibility of lower pole stones which are less amenable to SWL. MPCNL is not suitable for large concrements since the limited sheath diameter would increase the operating time. Due to this limitation, MPCNL represents an extension of the indication for conventional PCNL that it can in no way replace.
Desvenlafaxine in the treatment of major depressive disorder

Desvenlafaxine (DESV) is a newer antidepressant, which inhibits serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake neurotransmission, similarly to venlafaxine, milnacipran and duloxetine. It was approved in February 2008 by the FDA for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), based on well-controlled and adequately powered, large clinical trials demonstrating efficacy and safety for patients with MDD. Currently available data show that DESV has proven efficacy, acceptable safety and tolerability profiles, convenient once-daily dosing and minimal impact on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in patients with MDD. This mini-review summarizes the clinical data and practical use of DESV under this approved indication.
Retailers and sustainable development in the UK

Purpose – Aims to offer a simple exploratory review of how the major retailers in the UK are tackling the issue of sustainable development.Design/methodology/approach – The top 20 retailers, based on 2002 sales figures, were selected for analysis and an internet search of their web sites, exploring their “corporate social responsibility” reports and statements, was undertaken.Findings – The review suggests that the majority of the major retailers are addressing sustainability agendas, that they recognise, albeit in varying measure, the impacts their businesses have on the environment, the economy and society and several of them are looking to measure and benchmark their performance.Originality/value – Sustainable development is attracting increasing attention in government and in the business community and the paper provides students pursuing retail and business management programmes, academic staff teaching on them and retail researchers and consultants with a contemporary view of how the UK's large reta.
Method of endoscopy in the chimpanzee: relations of ovarian anatomy, endometrial histology and sexual swelling.

Direct visualization of ovarian morphology at intervals before and after detumescence of the sexual swelling of adult female chimpanzees was carried out endoscopically under general anesthesia. Unovulated follicles were observed before the detumescence of the swelling. Ovulated follicles or early corpora lutea were observed immediately after detumescence of the swelling began. Until 3 days after the start of the detumescence of the sexual swelling secretory endometria and plasma progesterone values above 4 mg/ml were not observed. The data support the conclusion that ovulation occurs at approximately the time that detumescence begins in the chimpanzee.
Percutaneous coronary intervention using a virtual 3‐Fr guiding catheter

Background: We have recently reported a novel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) system using a hydrophilic‐coated sheathless guiding catheter (Virtual 3‐Fr, Medikit, Tokyo, Japan), which provides us with less invasive angioplasty and a puncture site injury equivalent to a conventional 3‐Fr introducer sheath. Here, we report the initial results of PCI using this novel system. Methods: A total of 36 coronary artery lesions of 27 patients were treated by using a virtual 3‐Fr PCI system. Procedural outcomes of virtual 3‐Fr PCI were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The mean age was 73.0 ± 8.7 years (range, 46–84 years), and 15 were men (56%). Access sites included the radial artery in 18 patients (67%), the brachial artery in eight patients (30%), and the femoral artery in 1 patients (4%). Among 36 lesions, seven were chronic total occlusions, and a virtual 3‐Fr PCI was successful in 33 lesions (92%). Among the successfully treated 33 lesions, coronary stents were deployed in 32 (97%), and intravascular ultrasound examination was performed in 19 (58%). Hemostasis was achieved immediately after PCIs in all cases. No access‐site related complications including radial artery occlusion were observed. Conclusions: The performance of a virtual 3‐Fr PCI system appears to be comparable to one using a regular 5‐Fr guiding catheter while the puncture‐site damage remains equivalent to that of a 3‐Fr introducer sheath. Virtual 3‐Fr PCI may have a potential to serve as a minimally invasive strategy for the treatment of coronary artery diseases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic and Thermodynamic Properties of the Collective Paramagnet-Spin Liquid Pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7

In a recent letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 82}, 1012 (1999)] it was found that the Tb$^{3+}$ magnetic moments in the Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ pyrochlore lattice of corner-sharing tetrahedra remain in a {\it collective paramagnetic} state down to 70mK. In this paper we present results from d.c. magnetic susceptibility, specific heat data, inelastic neutron scattering measurements, and crystal field calculations that strongly suggest that (1) the Tb$^{3+}$ ions in Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ possess a moment of approximatively 5$\mu_{\rm B}$, and (2) the ground state $g-$tensor is extremely anisotropic below a temperature of $O(10^0)$K, with Ising-like Tb$^{3+}$ magnetic moments confined to point along a local cubic $<111>$ diagonal (e.g. towards the middle of the tetrahedron). Such a very large easy-axis Ising like anisotropy along a $<111>$ direction dramatically reduces the frustration otherwise present in a Heisenberg pyrochlore antiferromagnet. The results presented herein underpin the conceptual difficulty in understanding the microscopic mechanism(s) responsible for Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ failing to develop long-range order at a temperature of the order of the paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperature $\theta_{\rm CW} \approx -10^1$K. We suggest that dipolar interactions and extra perturbative exchange coupling(s)beyond nearest-neighbors may be responsible for the lack of ordering of Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$.
Language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy using functional MRI and probabilistic tractography

Purpose: Language functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to noninvasively assess hemispheric language specialization as part of the presurgical work‐up in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). White matter asymmetries on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be related to language specialization as shown in controls and TLE. To refine our understanding of the effect of epilepsy on the structure–function relationships, we focused on the arcuate fasciculus (ArcF) and the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus (IOF) and tested the relationship between DTI‐ and fMRI‐based lateralization indices in TLE.
Does Proximity Determine Organic Certification Among Farmers Using Organic Practices

Organically produced products are one of the fastest growing segments of food sales in the U.S. The extent to which proximity to consumer markets influences certification among producers that farm using organic practices was estimated in this study. Data from a 2012 survey of 16 states with 36.15% response rate was used. A logit model was analyzed. Distance to markets was found to be positively associated with the decision to certify. Our results provide important information about what motivates farmers who are using organic production practices to become certified.
BANKING LOYALTY BY SME CUSTOMERS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE HONG KONG MARKET

Customer loyalty has been the subject of extensive marketing research in recent years in a number of areas, including financial services. However there has been far less work into the extent of, and reasons underlying, loyalty by business customers. This paper reports on a qualitative study which investigated the extent of loyalty and the reasons underlying banking behaviour by business customers from the small to medium enterprise (SME) segment in Hong Kong. Results from seventeen in-depth interviews have identified a number of factors influencing business customers’ behaviour in the choice of, and use of a financial services provider. Lack of loyalty appears to be the norm in this group, with only three interviewees using one bank exclusively, posing a challenge to banks efforts’ to build loyalty and share of wallet by their business customers.
Determinants of Dividend Decision: Evidence from the Indonesia Stock Exchange

During the sample period, the percentage of firms distributing dividend decreased significantly. This study aims at finding the determinant of dividend decision. , i.e. the decision to pay or not to pay dividend. Qualitatively, dividend payers are more profitable, bigger, have less growth and have higher ratio of retained earnings to total assets than that of non payers. Quantitative analysis using logit regression shows that probability of firms paying dividend are higher when firms have higher ratio of retained earnings to total assets (RE/TA)—a proxy of firm’s maturity. The importance of RE/TA to the dividend decision means that mature firms are more likely to pay dividend than younger firm. The fact that dividends are paid by bigger and more mature firms casts doubt to the signaling hypotheses but provides support to agency-based life cycle theory.
Owner/Managers’ External Financing Used and Preference towards Islamic Banking

Economic development and growth are significantly linked to the consistent and sustainable sector of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Banks are the frontrunners in financing and advising SMEs. The main objective of the study is to assess the tendency of SMEs to use the Islamic bank. Model was developed using quantitative method with a hypothetical-deductive testing approach. Model (N = 364) used primary data on the tendency of SMEs to use Islamic banks gathered from questionnaire. It is found by Mann-Whitney test that the tendency to use Islamic bank varies between those firms which consider formal financing with the ones relying on informal financing with the latter tends more to use Islamic bank. This study can serve academic researchers, policy makers, and developing countries as a model of SMEs’ desirability to Islamic banking. Keywords—Formal financing, informal financing, Islamic bank, SMEs.
Logistics practices in Ethiopia

The ability to transport goods quickly, economically and reliably is vital to a nation’s prosperity and capacity to compete in global market. Ethiopia is a landlocked country in East Africa with a land area of about 1.13 million square kilometers and a population of about 82.8 million. 85 percent of the population is living in rural areas and the economy of the country is based mainly on agriculture accounting for 45 percent of GDP, 80 percent of exports and 80 percent of employment. Ethiopian logistics system is characterized by poor logistics management system and lack of coordination of goods transport, low level of development of logistics infrastructure and inadequate fleets of freight vehicles in number and age, damage and quality deterioration of goods while handling, transporting and in storage. This coupled with lack of sea port resulted in poor linkage of producers (farmers) to the consumers (market) and non-competitiveness of Ethiopian goods on global market, which compromised livelihood of the people and economy of the country. There is very high rate of traffic accident (first in the world) and congestion in cities and at city inlets/outlets to which freight vehicles contribute significantly. Efficient and effective logistics system needs to be put in place to solve these socio-economic problems. The objective of this work is to assess the current status of logistics practices in Ethiopia with the aim of identifying the gaps, potentials and constraints for development of effective and efficient logistics system. To meet this objective, qualitative assessment of the soft and hardware of logistics, freight logistics and transport companies, organizations dealing with documentation of import and export goods and case studies of specific supply chains of major goods in Ethiopia are made. Information from secondary sources is used to carry out the assessment. Presence of road of high density and quality makes efficient distribution of goods easy. Customer orientation, low level bureaucracy at customs and trade facilitations expedite goods flow. Availability of skilled manpower, conducive labor regulations and business Environment promotes economic activities. On most of these criteria, Ethiopian logistics system is found to be poor. There is urgent need for research on the problems, for which xcellence Center for Freight Transport and Logistics in Ethiopia (EthioLog) is established. Intermodal transport system is the best solution and commencement of construction of 10, 000 km rail line is an opportunity to use road-rail integrated intermodal transport system to solve the logistics problems of the country.
Exogenous melatonin improves Malus resistance to Marssonina apple blotch

We examined whether exogenously applied melatonin could improve resistance to Marssonina apple blotch (Diplocarpon mali) by apple [Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. cv. Donghongguo]. This serious disease leads to premature defoliation in the main regions of apple production. When plants were pretreated with melatonin, resistance was increased in the leaves. We investigated the potential roles for melatonin in modulating levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well the activities of antioxidant enzymes and pathogenesis‐related proteins during these plant–pathogen interactions. Pretreatment enabled plants to maintain intracellular H2O2 concentrations at steady‐state levels and enhance the activities of plant defence‐related enzymes, possibly improving disease resistance. Because melatonin is safe and beneficial to animals and humans, exogenous pretreatment might represent a promising cultivation strategy to protect plants against this pathogen infection.
Exploring the dynamics of compliance with community penalties

In this paper, we examine how compliance with community penalties has been theorized hitherto and seek to develop a new dynamic model of compliance with community penalties. This new model is developed by exploring some of the interfaces between existing criminological and socio-legal work on compliance. The first part of the paper examines the possible definitions and dimensions of compliance with community supervision. Secondly, we examine existing work on explanations of compliance with community penalties, supplementing this by drawing on recent socio-legal scholarship on private individuals' compliance with tax regimes. In the third part of the paper, we propose a dynamic model of compliance, based on the integration of these two related analyses. Finally, we consider some of the implications of our model for policy and practice concerning community penalties, suggesting the need to move beyond approaches which, we argue, suffer from compliance myopia; that is, a short-sighted and narrowly focused view of the issues.
A molecular code dictates sequence‐specific DNA recognition by homeodomains.

Most homeodomains bind to DNA sequences containing the motif 5′‐TAAT‐3′. The homeodomain of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF‐1HD) binds to sequences containing a 5′‐CAAG‐3′ core motif, delineating a new mechanism for differential DNA recognition by homeodomains. We investigated the molecular basis of the DNA binding specificity of TTF‐1HD by both structural and functional approaches. As already suggested by the three‐dimensional structure of TTF‐1HD, the DNA binding specificities of the TTF‐1, Antennapedia and Engrailed homeodomains, either wild‐type or mutants, indicated that the amino acid residue in position 54 is involved in the recognition of the nucleotide at the 3′ end of the core motif 5′‐NAAN‐3′. The nucleotide at the 5′ position of this core sequence is recognized by the amino acids located in position 6, 7 and 8 of the TTF‐1 and Antennapedia homeodomains. These data, together with previous suggestions on the role of amino acids in position 50, indicate that the DNA binding specificity of homeodomains can be determined by a combinatorial molecular code. We also show that some specific combinations of the key amino acid residues involved in DNA recognition do not follow a simple, additive rule.
International relationship marketing ‐ The importance of psychic distance

This conceptual paper outlines why, when working in the international as opposed to the domestic environment, the success of a relationship marketing strategy is heavily dependent on levels of psychic distance. The higher the level of psychic distance, the greater the time and effort required to develop successful business relationships. At the different stages of relationship development, different variables of psychic distance assume relatively greater levels of importance which are likely to have implications for the implementation of a relationship marketing strategy.