Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Digital Filters to Check Quality of the Automatically Scaled Ionograms

Abstract The ionospheric observatory Pruhonice serves to monitor the state of ionosphere using ground-based vertical sounding instrument - the Digisonde DPS-4D. Measured ionograms are automatically evaluated (scaled) and basic characteristics are derived. The ionograms and the scaled parameters are sent to the international databases. Especially during disturbed conditions the automatic scaling could give unreliable results. This paper presents simple method how to detect accidental errors in automatic scaling based on the parameters derived from ionograms and on an application of the finite impulse response filters.
Proximate and Cardiac Glycoside Composition of Thevetia (Thevetia neriifolia. JUSS) Seed as Affected by Soaking in Water, Brine and Ethanol

Effects of soaking using water, ethanol and brine on proximate and cardiac glycoside composition of Thevetia neriifolia seed (TS) were undertaken. Each 100g portion of TS was soaked in either water or ethanol for 24 hours or in 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% brine solution for 2, 3 or 4 hours. The samples were then either sun-dried for 3 days or toasted after soaking and thereafter analyzed for chemical and residual glycoside composition. There were significant (P 0.05). Toasting significantly (P<0.05) reduced the crude protein (CP) in water and ethanol treated samples from19.35% in raw sample to 18.14 and 18.43%, respectively. The CP increased significantly in sun-dried water (22.1%) and brine treated (23.1%) samples. Soaking in 7.5% brine for 3 hours significantly (P<0.05) reduced glycoside content from 4.7% to 0.07% (98.51% reduction of glycoside).
Ingrown toe nail as seen in Bayelsa state Nigeria

Background: Ingrown toenails are common conditions of the foot causing pain, disability, and absence from work. It has been associated with use of tight foot wears, congenital anomalies of nail folds, nail plates, and medial rotation of the great toes; other predisposing factors include diabetes, obesity and cardiac disorders. It can be diagnosed clinically, and treatments include use of antibiotics analgesia and surgery. When untreated it may be complicated by sepsis, ulceration of nail fold and excessive granulation tissue formation osteomyelitis, gangrene of the leg. Methods: We observed an increase in the number of patients visiting our clinic with ingrown toe nails, and with no known work done on this subject in our environment we therefore conducted a questionnaire based prospective study between the periods January 2014 to June 2016 to determine the pattern of presentation, predisposing factors and treatment outcome. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS Version 20 for windows. Results: Twenty-eight (28) patients with age range 9 to 65 years, and mean age of 32, and male: female ratio of 2.1:1 were reviewed. The highest incidence was seen between the ages of 11 to 40 year old, and among students 8 (28.57%). Prevalence of 28.57% (n=8) was highest in those who wore tight/short shoes. The commonest presenting complains were pain, swelling (edema) and suppuration, with most patients 10 (35.71%) being seen in the clinic between 5-6 months of development symptoms. Ingrown toenails occurred statistically significantly more in the right big toe 13 (46.43%) [χ2 (p-value) = 19.43 (0.001). Amongst those whose anatomical site was at the right big toe, the Lateral aspect was 9 (69.23%). Conclusions: Most patients received Analgesics and Antibiotics and twenty one, 21(75%) of the patients had wedge resection and surgical destruction of the nail matrix.
Consumers Search and the Choice Overload Hypothesis

In this paper we use an experimental approach to study the relationship between the number of products presented to a consumer and their subsequent search and purchase behavior. By imposing a search cost, and a preference for variety, we induce search behavior in the presence of a preference for variety that leads the participants to make both single, and multiple-purchase decisions. This paper shows that the ability to shop more efficiently allows consumers to focus on finding products that meet their exact specifications in differentiated product categories. With uncertainty over product attributes, no single choice stands out as a clear favorite a priori, so utility rises the more choices are available, but at a decreasing rate. We find that as the size of the consideration set grows, consumers search less and are more apt to purchase, but this effect is highly non-linear. Beyond a certain point, search expands as consumers become unwilling to choose. Retailers can increase the assortment available to persuade a consumer to patronize their store and avoid searching another. However, this does not increase without bound. Eventually, a consumer will be overwhelmed by the number of products offered and search the other store as well, or possibly instead. The degree to which consumers are overburdened by the variety offered exhibits significant heterogeneity among consumers.
The occupational dimensions of local labour markets in Australian cities | NOVA. The University of Newcastle's Digital Repository

It has been argued that declining housing affordability in Australia's major cities has led to the exclusion of some low and moderate income residents from high employment, inner- city regions. If there is an increasing spatial mismatch between housing and employment, moderately paid workers, essential to the efficient functioning of the urban economy, may face problems in accessing and retaining employment. However to date there has been a lack of empirical analysis of the overlap between spatial dimensions of housing and employment (and the commuting such divisions necessitate) broken down by occupation. Using the 2001 Census Journey to Work data, broken down by occupation, we employ a range of analytic techniques to examine local labour markets in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. Firstly we develop formal commuting areas which represent local labour markets. Secondly, we examine self-average commutes and self-containment ratios for occupational groups across the metropolitan local labour markets. Secondly, linear programming techniques are employed to examine the nature of commuting, given the complex locational decisions made by residents. Results reveal some variation in commuting patterns across occupations with little variation in commutes but higher self-containment ratios at the SLA level for some low- skilled occupations. However longer commutes are found amongst low-skill occupations after controlling for the 'excess' or volitional nature of commuting, and suggests the distribution of jobs given the distribution of residents is more unequal for low-skill occupations. High skill- occupations tend to display higher rates of excess commuting reflecting that factors other than job-proximity may be influencing their locational decisions.
An Examination of Self Perceptions of Nursing Assistants and the Effectiveness of Nursing Education Intervention to Improve Nursing Assistants' Knowledge of Mental Health Issues in an Elderly Population

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the self perceptions of nursing assistants and to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention on nursing assistants’ knowledge related to mental health issues in an elderly population. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to examine the nursing assistants’ self perceptions. A modified version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), developed by Given et al., 1992, was completed by a convenience sample of 73 nursing assistants from nursing homes and medical and surgical units who took care of older people. The nursing assistants answered 22 questions, in 4 general topic areas, using a 6-point Likert scale. The research was conducted in 2 hospitals and 2 nursing homes located in two Midwestern cities. The age of the 73 nursing assistants ranged from 19 to 60.The mean age of the nursing assistants was 35.02 years old (SD =10.68). The mean length of being a nursing assistant was 7.45 years (SD = 7.66). A quasi-experimental design was used in a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention on nursing assistants’ knowledge of older people’s mental health issues. Thirteen nursing assistants, part of the 73 who completed the CRA, completed a knowledge test, intervention, and a post test. Results: The results of the self perception questionnaire indicated that the 73 nursing assistants perceived: 1) They have a positive relationship with their clients; 2) they themselves have good health status and sufficient knowledge to take of their elderly clients; and 3) they have a good teamwork among their colleagues. A comparison of pre and post test scores for the 13 nursing assistants in the pilot study indicated a significant difference in their knowledge of mental health issues in an elderly population (t = -3.64, p = 0.003). The assistants’ pre-test mean score was 6.42 (SD = 1.63); their post-test score was 7.58 (SD = 1.58). Conclusion: Although this is a preliminary study, several conclusions can be drawn based on the assistants’ responses to the CRA. First, nursing assistants have a positive perception of their role in caring for the elderly. Secondly, although the nursing assistants had a positive perception of their own health status, they reported their health status have declined since becoming a caregiver. Thirdly, nursing assistants had a positive perception of the teamwork with their colleagues. In addition, intervention can positively affect a caregiver’s knowledge. Future research is recommended to expand and clarify these preliminary results using a large sample size in a longitudinal study. Future research is important because of the important role caregivers play in an aging society.
Logging residues and ground vegetation in nutrient dynamics of a clear-cut boreal forest

In this thesis are studied the role of decomposing logging residues and developing ground vegetation in nutrient dynamics of a clear-cut area. The main aims were to study how much nutrients are released from logging residues during the first three years after clear-cutting and what is the role of ground vegetation in the retention of nutrients on site after clear-cutting. The study was conducted in eastern Finland in a Norway spruce dominated mixed forest, part of which was clear-cut and part left uncut. The decomposition of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. ), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) logging residues i.e. foliage, fine roots (diameter 2 mm) and branches (diameter 1 cm), were studied using the litterbag method. Aboveand below-ground biomass of the ground vegetation was sampled on one uncut plot and two clear-cut plots one year before and five years after clear-cutting. In total, 33 % of the dry mass and C, 49 % of P, 90 % of K and 8 % of Ca were released from logging residues in three years, but there was no net release of N because more N accumulated in the roots and branches than was released from the foliage. The loss of mass, C, P and K was greatest during the first year, whereas there was no net release of Ca until the third year. Most of the released nutrients originated from the foliage. Total ground vegetation biomass and nutrient pools decreased after clear-cutting to one half or even lower, but returned to precutting levels within 4-5 years, and the pools of P and K became even larger. In the first year after clear-cutting more N and Ca accumulated in the logging residues than were stored in the ground vegetation. The results indicate that logging residues are a potential source of the elevated dissolved C and P, K and Ca observed in surface waters soon after clear-cutting, but are not a net source of N during the first three years. The ground vegetation is capable of taking up only a small fraction of the nutrients that are released from logging residues during the first two years after clear-cutting and the decomposing dead ground vegetation is a potential source of leached nutrients. The results suggest that nutrients released from logging residues are initially retained on site primarily through soil processes and microbial immobilization. Solely microbial immobilization in logging residues can initially play a more important role in the retention of N and Ca than the ground vegetation. Ground vegetation, however, recovers rapidly from clear-cutting and it becomes thereafter a significant nutrient sink.
Knowledge and awareness of nursing students about child abuse and neglect

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the nursing students’ knowledge and awareness levels regarding child neglect and abuse. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing between May and June 2018. The data were collected by the researcher using a questionnaire and the “Scale for the Identification of Symptoms and Risks of Child Neglect and Abuse”. For the evaluation of the data, in addition to descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation), for the comparison of the quantitative data Mann Whitney U and for the multiple group evaluations Kruskal Wallis tests and Chi square were used. The significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Institutional and ethics committee permits were obtained for the research. Results: It was determined that the mean scores of the students was 20.16 ± 1.32, the majority of the students were female (84.9%), they graduated from Anatolian High School (60.7%), 42.2% lived in the city and 82.5% had nuclear families. 29.4% of the students were educated about child neglect and abuse, and 63.0% of these students received the related education in a school-based course. The mean scores of the students regarding child neglect and abuse was 3.7 ± 0.3 and the level of their knowledge was found to be moderate. The mean scores of female students regarding child neglect and abuse was higher than male students (p<0.0001) and the knowledge level of those who were educated about this issue was higher than those who did not and the difference between the groups was significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The study showed that the mean scale scores of the students regarding child neglect and abuse were moderate.
Monetary Policy and Potential Output Uncertainty: A QuantitativeAssessment

This paper contributes to the recent literature that studies the quantitative implications of the imperfect information about potential output for the conduct of monetary policy. By means of Bayesian techniques, a small New Keynesian model is estimated taking explicitly account of the imperfect information problem. The estimation of the structural parameters and of the monetary authoritiesobjectives is key in assessing the quantitative relevance of the imperfect information problem and in evaluating the robustness of previous exercises based on calibration. Finally, the model allows us to analyse the usefulness of unit labor costs as monetary policy indicator. I am specially grateful to Francesco Lippi for his patient and precious supervising activity. I also thank Fabio Canova, Stefano Neri, Antonio Guarino and seminar participants at the XV International Tor Vergata Conference on Money and Banking for helpful suggestions. Of course I take full responsibility for any errors or omissions. Part of this work was done while the author was visiting the University of Pompeu Fabra, whose kind hospitality is gratefully acknowledged. yDepartment of Economics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Columbia 2, Rome, e-mail: delle.chiaie@economia.uniroma2. it
Large volume submarine ignimbrites in the Shikoku Basin: An example for explosive volcanism in the Western Pacific during the Late Miocene

During IODP Expedition 322, an interval of Late Miocene (7.6 to ∼9.1 Ma) tuffaceous and volcaniclastic sandstones was discovered in the Shikoku Basin (Site C0011B), Nankai region. This interval consists of bioturbated silty claystone including four 1–7 m thick interbeds of tuffaceous sandstones (TST) containing 57–82% (by volume) pyroclasts. We use major and trace element glass compositions, as well as radiogenic isotope compositions, to show that the tuffaceous sandstones beds derived from single eruptive events, and that the majority (TST 1, 2, 3a) came from different eruptions from a similar source region, which we have identified to be the Japanese mainland, 350 km away. In particular, diagnostic trace element ratios (e.g., Th/La, Sm/La, Rb/Hf, Th/Nb, and U/Th) and isotopic data indicate a marked contribution from a mantle source beneath continental crust, which is most consistent with a Japanese mainland source and likely excludes the Izu‐Bonin island arc and back arc as a source region for the younger TST beds. Nevertheless, some of the chemical data measured on the oldest sandstone bed (TST 3b, Unit IIb) show affinity to or can clearly be attributed to an Izu‐Bonin composition. While we cannot completely exclude the possibility that all TST beds derived from unknown and exotic Izu‐Bonin source(s), the collected lines of evidence are most consistent with an origin from the paleo‐Honshu arc for TST 1 through 3a. We therefore suggest the former collision zone between the Izu‐Bonin arc and Honshu paleo‐arc as the most likely region where the eruptive products entered the ocean, also concurrent with nearby (∼200 km) possible Miocene source areas for the tuffaceous sandstones at the paleo‐NE‐Honshu arc. Estimating the distribution area of the tuffaceous sandstones in the Miocene between this source region and the ∼350 km distant Expedition 322, using bathymetric constraints, we calculate that the sandstone beds represent minimum erupted magma volumes between ∼1 and 17 km3 (Dense Rock Equivalent (DRE)). We conclude that several large volume eruptions occurred during the Late Miocene time next to the collision zone of paleo‐Honshu and Izu‐Bonin arc and covered the entire Philippine Sea plate with meter thick, sheet‐like pyroclastic deposits that are now subducted in the Nankai subduction zone.
Finite-Amplitude Surface Waves on a Thin Film Flow Subject to a Unipolar-Charge Injection

−The interaction of an electric field with a dielectric liquid film is investigated as it drains under gravity down an inclined plane electrode emitting uniform positive ions into the liquid region. By applying long-wave approximation to the governing equations, the evolution equation for the free surface is derived up to the first order of a thin film parameter ξ. To investigate the space charge effect on the development of a finite-amplitude surface wave, a neutral stability condition is obtained as a critical Reynolds number through a linear stability analysis, and the amplitude and velocity of a periodic disturbance are also calculated within a supercritically stable flow region. The presence of a unipolar space charge in the fluid makes a steady surface wave take on even higher amplitude and faster wave speed compared with the case of no space charge.
Dark sectors at the Fermilab SeaQuest experiment

We analyze the unique capability of the existing SeaQuest experiment at Fermilab to discover well-motivated dark sector physics by measuring displaced electron, photon, and hadron decay signals behind a compact shield. A planned installation of a refurbished electromagnetic calorimeter could provide powerful new sensitivity to GeV-scale vectors, dark Higgs bosons, scalars, axions, and inelastic and strongly interacting dark matter models. This sensitivity is both comparable and complementary to NA62, SHiP, and FASER. SeaQuest's ability to collect data now and over the next few years provides an especially exciting opportunity.
Simulating Combustion of Practical Fuels and Blends for Modern Engine Applications Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics

This research describes the potential to adopt detailed chemical kinetics for practical and potential future fuels using tri-component surrogate mixtures capable of simulating fuel octane "sensitivity". Since the combustion characteristics of modern fuels are routinely measured using the RON and MON of the fuel, a methodology to generate detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for these fuels based on these data is presented. Firstly, a novel correlation between various tri-component blends (comprised of i-octane, n-heptane and toluene) and fuel RON and MON was obtained by carrying out standard octane tests. Secondly, a chemical kinetic mechanism for tricomponent fuels was validated using a Stochastic Reactor Model (SRM) suite, an in-cylinder engine combustion simulator, and a series of engine experiments conducted in HCCI operating mode. Thirdly, the methodology was applied to predict combustion characteristics of a practical gasoline and fuel blends with ethanol and di-iso-butylene blends using detailed chemical kinetics. Finally, for the first time the application of this technique was demonstrated by employing detailed chemistry in the optimization of two engines and two fuels operating in HCCI mode. Here a parametric study highlighted the adoption of fuels with "sensitivity" could significantly extend the HCCI peak operating IMEP limit by as much as 60%.
Radio location error and the estimates of home-range size, movements, and habitat use: a simple field test

The effect of location error on the estimates of home range size, movements and habitat use of an animal in a radio-tracking study was tested in the field. One person, outfitted with a transmitter (made for hares) and a GPS-instrument, imitated hare movements in the woods, while researchers located her every 15 min. using techniques used to locate true hares. The mean location error was 281 m and varied between seasons and persons. The route the 'hare' moved, calculated from radio locations, was 1.5 x the true route, but radio-tracking gave a correct picture of the home range size, especially that of the core area. When habitat patches were small (mean size 2.9 ha), only 22% of the radio locations were in a correct forest patch, whereas radio-tracking gave a better picture of habitat use when habitat patches were larger (mean size 7.1 ha). In radio-tracking studies, the effect of the location error on the reliability of the results should thus always be tested and taken into account. The acceptable error depends on the aims of the study.
Testing Causality and Cointegration Between Saving and Investment in Bangladesh

Interaction between saving and investment has been a major concern to the economists and there exists substantial debate over the nature of long run relationship between them. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to examine the dynamic linkages between saving and investment in Bangladesh using annual time series data covering the period from 1980 to 2014. The stationarity of the data is examined by using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests. This paper applied the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test to examine the long run relationship between saving and investment. In order to show the direction of causal relationship between saving and investment, the widely used Granger causality test has been used. The unit root tests revealed that both saving and investment are non-stationary at level forms and they become stationary after taking their first difference. The Johansen-Juselius cointegration analysis suggests that, there exists a long run relationship between saving and investment as it is confirmed by both the Trace and Maximum Eigen-value test statistics. Results found from the Granger causality test suggests that unidirectional causality running from saving to investment existed in Bangladesh over the sample period for a lag length of two periods. Based on the results, pursuance of policy measures towards mobilizing domestic saving is recommended.