Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repeated administration of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine in the horse--pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and influence on the intestinal microflora.

Six healthy adult horses were given repeated administrations of trimethoprim/ sulfadiazine (TMP/SDZ) intravenously (i.v.) (2.5 mg/kg TMP and 12.5 mg/kg SDZ) and orally (p.o.) as a paste (5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SDZ). Both formulations were given twice daily for 5 days, with a 3-week interval between i.v. and oral administration. The influence of the drug combination on the intestinal microflora was examined and the plasma concentrations, pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma protein binding were determined. There were no major changes in the bacterial intestinal flora and no clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disturbances following the i.v. and oral TMP/SDZ administration. An initial reduction in the number of coliform bacteria during the treatment was notable, though with no evident difference between i.v. and oral treatment. The minimum concentration during a dose interval at steady state (Cminss), the elimination half-life (t1/2beta) and the mean residence time (MRT) were significantly greater after oral administration compared to i.v. for both TMP and SDZ. The plasma protein binding was measured to be 20% for SDZ and 35% for TMP. Oral administration of TMP/SDZ in a dose of 30 mg/kg given twice daily in the form of paste appeared as a satisfactory method for obtaining plasma levels above MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration in vitro) values during the interdosing interval.
Nurses' attitudes toward older patients in acute care in Israel.

Ageism has been found to negatively affect the health care services that older persons receive, both implicitly through unfair resource allocation by the stakeholders, and explicitly, by providing offensive and poor quality treatment. In this article, the authors review the literature relating to ageing, noting that negative attitudes among caregivers toward older patients in acute care settings are a strong predictor of ageism. They describe a study in which they explored a group of Israeli nurses’ knowledge of ageing and attitudes toward older people in an acute care setting and analyzed the relationship between these variables using a descriptive, correlational design method. Nurses working in one of the largest public hospital in Israel completed Kogan’s Attitudes Towards Older People Scale and Palmore’s Facts on Ageing Quiz. Findings indicated that the nurses’ level of knowledge of ageing was relatively low. The authors discuss nurses’ knowledge of ageing and nurses’ ethnicity as significant predictors of ageist attitudes. They conclude by recommending that nurse educators strengthen gerontological content in the nursing curriculum and provide culturally tailored nursing education to reduce ageism among professional nurses.
BMK1 Mediates Growth Factor-induced Cell Proliferation through Direct Cellular Activation of Serum and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase*

Activation of the mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase known as BMK1 is required for growth factor-induced cell proliferation. To understand the mechanism by which BMK1 mediates this cellular response, this kinase was used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid-based library screening. Here, we report the identification of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) as a cellular protein that physically interacts with BMK1. During growth factor-induced cell stimulation, BMK1 activates SGK by phosphorylation at serine 78. This BMK1-mediated phosphorylation event is necessary for the activation of SGK and, more importantly, for cell proliferation induced by growth factors.
Costello syndrome with growth hormone deficiency and hypoglycemia: A new report and review of the endocrine associations

We describe an 18‐month‐old boy with Costello syndrome (CS) with proven partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency and hypoglycemic episodes. The hypoglycemia is deemed to be due to cortisol deficiency. This report represents the second published case of cortisol deficiency in the CS. A brief review of the endocrine disturbances in the syndrome is provided. We highlight the need for careful endocrinological evaluation of individuals with CS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of notes in co-located collaborative visualization

This paper focuses on the significant role that note taking plays in collaborative data analysis within the business domain. The discussion of note taking is based on preliminary observations from a user study in which co-located teams of business users worked on collaborative visualization tasks using large interactive surfaces. We propose an initial categorization of note taking activities and propose a list of research questions that need to be discussed and investigated in order to better understand note taking process in the context of collaborative visualization and analysis activities.
Ovipositional Preferences of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Among Warm- and Cool-Season Turfgrass Species

ABSTRACT Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), were evaluated for ovipositional preferences among four turfgrasses common in northwestern Arkansas. Choice assays revealed females preferred to oviposit in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and that they avoided oviposition in common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) and hybrid bermudagrass (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis Pers.). Significantly fewer eggs were oviposited in hybrid bermudagrass in a no-choice assay, suggesting that chemical and/or physical plant characteristics deter oviposition in that grass. The percentage of turfgrass cores with evidence of female activity (presence of female or eggs, or signs of female digging) in choice assays revealed no differences among treatments, yet significantly fewer hybrid bermudagrass cores had eggs. These results suggest that many females did not initially reject hybrid bermudagrass based on aboveground plant characteristics, but rather they left without ovipositing. Therefore, resistance in hybrid bermudagrass is likely expressed below ground. Our results suggest that the use of hybrid bermudagrass as a means of cultural control in an integrated pest management program may discourage Japanese beetle oviposition and subsequent grub infestations in lawns, golf courses, or sports fields.
Site‐specific human histone H3 methylation stability: fast K4me3 turnover

We employ stable‐isotope labeling and quantitative mass spectrometry to track histone methylation stability. We show that H3 trimethyl K9 and K27 are slow to be established on new histones and slow to disappear from old histones, with half‐lives of multiple cell divisions. By contrast, the transcription‐associated marks K4me3 and K36me3 turn over far more rapidly, with half‐lives of 6.8 h and 57 h, respectively. Inhibition of demethylases increases K9 and K36 methylation, with K9 showing the largest and most robust increase. We interpret different turnover rates in light of genome‐wide localization data and transcription‐dependent nucleosome rearrangements proximal to the transcription start site.
Ventricular arrhythmias during 24‐h ambulatory ECG recording: incidence, risk factors and prognosis in men with and without a history of cardiovascular disease

Abstract. Engström G, Hedblad B, Janzon L, Juul‐Möller S (Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Ventricular arrhythmias during 24‐h ambulatory ECG recording: incidence, risk factors and prognosis in men with and without a history of cardiovascular disease. J Intern Med 1999; 246: 363–372.
Direct Binding of DNA by Tumor Suppressor Menin*

Menin is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1), an inherited tumor-prone syndrome. Because there is no obvious conserved structural domain in menin that suggests a biochemical function, little is known as to how menin suppresses tumorigenisis. Although menin interacts with a variety of nuclear proteins including transcription factors, it is unknown whether menin itself can directly bind DNA. Here we show that menin directly binds to double-stranded DNA. It also binds a variety of DNA structures, including Y-structures, branched structures, and 4-way junction structures. The COOH terminus of menin mediates binding to DNA, but MEN1 disease-derived mutations in the COOH terminus abolish the ability of menin to bind DNA. Importantly, these MEN1 disease-related menin mutants also fail to repress cell proliferation as well as cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, detailed mutagenesis studies indicate that positively charged residues in two nuclear localization signals mediate direct DNA binding as well as repression of cell proliferation. Collectively, these results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel biochemical activity of menin, binding to DNA, and link its DNA binding to the regulation of cell proliferation.
Effects of in vivo exposure to Roundup® on immune system of Caiman latirostris

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Roundup® (RU, glyphosate-based formulation) on some parameters of the immune system and growth of Caiman latirostris. Seventy-two caimans (20-day-old) from Proyecto Yacaré (Gob. Santa Fe/MUPCN) were used. Two groups were exposed for 2 months to different concentrations of RU (11 or 21 mg/L; taking into account the concentration recommended for its application in the field), while one group was maintained as control. The RU concentration was progressively decreased through the exposure period to simulate glyphosate degradation in water. Animals were measured and weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, and blood samples taken after exposure to determine total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts as well as total protein concentration (TPC), and for performing protein electrophoresis. The results showed that, compared against control hosts, there was a decrease in WBC counts, a higher percentage of heterophils, a higher TPC (with a low percentage of F2 protein fraction), and a negative effect on growth in the young caimans exposed to RU. These results demonstrate that in vivo exposure to RU induced alterations in the selected immune parameters, plasma proteins, and growth of caimans, thereby providing relevant information about the effects of this type of pesticide in this important species in the Argentinian wetlands.
Bad Company: Reconciling Negative Peer Effects in College Achievement

Existing peer effects studies produce contradictory findings, including positive, negative, large, and small effects, despite similar contexts. We reconcile these results using U.S. Naval Academy data covering a 22-year history of the random assignment of students to peer groups. Coupled with students' limited discretion over freshman-year courses, our setting affords an opportunity to better understand peer effects in different social networks. We find negative effects at the broader "company" level (students' social and residential group) and positive effects at the narrower course-company level. We suggest that peer spillovers change direction because of differences in the underlying mechanism of peer influence.
Identification of forensically important flesh flies based on a shorter fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in China

With the development of molecular identification, there has been a great deal of discussion about the feature of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments. Although longer fragments may minimize stochastic variation across taxa and be more likely to reflect broader patterns of nucleotide divergence, shorter fragments have many advantages, such as quick, easy and economical. Extensive application of long mtDNA segments for species identification cannot always be achieved as a result of constraints in time and money. In the present study, a molecular identification method involving the sequencing of a 272‐bp ‘barcode’ fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 55 specimens, representing 7 Chinese sarcophagid species from varying populations, was evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced segments showed that all sarcophagid specimens were properly assigned into seven species, which indicated the possibility of separation congeneric species with the short fragments. The results of this research will be instrumental for the implementation of the Chinese Sarcophagidae database.
FAP: another indication to treat H pylori

Absence of therapeutic benefit of proton pump inhibitor therapy among Chinese patients with functional dyspepsia When specifically asked, a significant proportion of the adult population reports dyspepsia—that is, pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. The prevalence reported in the literature varies from 25% to 30%. Although only one in four patients with dyspepsia in the UK and USA sees a doctor for their symptoms1–4 dyspepsia accounts for up to 5% of consultations in family practice.5 When appropriately investigated, less than half have an underlying structural explanation for symptoms such as peptic ulcer or reflux oesophagitis. The remainder are classified as having functional dyspepsia. The vast number of patients with functional dyspepsia, and the usually chronic or recurrent nature of this ailment, creates an enormous market for the drug industry. In spite of the obvious difficulties in delimiting the patient population, and the absence of hard end points, a fair number of—mostly industry initiated—controlled trials have been conducted. However, regardless of whether the target has been gastric acid, gastrointestinal dysmotility, or Helicobacter pylori , the treatment effects have generally been unimpressive, and similar to the usually strong effects observed with placebo alone. Although meta-analyses6–8 seem to indicate an approximately 20–30% advantage for acid suppression therapy (H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)) over placebo in functional dyspepsia, the value of these secondary publications may be limited due to possible publication bias and various imperfections in the studies included. The main concern is the admixture of patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), which is known to respond to acid suppressive treatment.9 As large studies are unlikely to remain unpublished even in the event of a negative result, it appears well advised to focus on such studies. It also …
Injectable Viscoelastic Supplements: A Review for Radiologists.

OBJECTIVE Hyaluronic acid (HA) is increasingly used by musculoskeletal radiologists in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Although the evidence base for its efficacy is controversial, it remains in common use. With initial evidence suggesting its efficacy in the knee, it is now offered for treating OA of the hip, ankle, and elsewhere. CONCLUSION HA is available in a wide variety of preparations, which may vary in concentration and chemical composition. Clinicians offering intraarticular HA injection should be familiar with the common preparations available and the principal differences between them, its mechanism of action, and the profile of adverse effects associated with its use.
[DNA methylation status of RARβ2 and p16(INK4α) in peripheral blood and tumor tissue in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE To study the methylation status of retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) and p16(INK4α) genes in peripheral blood and tumor tissues and the perioperative dynamic changes of free RARβ2 and p16(INK4α) in the peripheral blood, and to investigate the relationship between RARβ2 and p16(INK4α) methylation in peripheral blood and clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their value in evaluating the completeness of surgical resection. METHODS Real-time methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (real-time MSP) technique was used to detect the methylation status of RARβ2 and p16(INK4α) in tumor tissue, adjacent normal tissue and peripheral blood perioperatively in 76 cases of ESCC. Sixty age-matched healthy volunteers were randomly selected as a control. RESULTS RARβ2 and p16(INK4α) hypermethylation presented in both tumor tissue [72.4% (55/76) and 86.8% (66/76)] and peripheral blood [63.2% (48/76) and 71.1% (54/76)] in the ESCC patients, showing a good agreement between them. RARβ2 and p16(INK4α) hypermethylation was significantly related with pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and invasion of nerves and vessels (P < 0.05). The DNA methylation rate in peripheral blood was increasing first and then decreasing in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods. Moreover, the RARβ2 methylation in peripheral blood was shown to be significantly associated with family history of cancer (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION RARβ2 and p16(INK4α) methylation in the peripheral blood in ESCC patients may reflect the tumor-bearing status in the body, and may serve as a valuable marker in assessment of the degree of completeness of surgical resection in ESCC patients.
European guideline for the management of anogenital warts

Members of the European Course on HPV Associated Pathology (ECHPV): G von Krogh1, C J N Lacey2, G Gross3, R Barrasso4 and A Schneider5 1Department of Dermatovenereology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK, 3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Rostock, Germany, 4Department of Gynaecology, Bichat and SalpeÃ trieÁ re University Hospitals, Paris, France, 5Department of Gynaecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
Comparison of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions.

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women worldwide and usually presents as lump in the breast. Ultrasonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) are two investigational tools often used to differentiate malignant breast lump from benign one. Aims and Objects: To find out and compare the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of ultrasonography and FNAC in diagnosing malignant breast lump. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who presented with clinically palpable breast lump at the department of Surgery, RIMS, India, from September, 2010 to August, 2012, were included. Recurrent lumps, breast abscess and cystic breast lumps were excluded. All the patients underwent Ultrasonographic evaluation using 7.5 MHz probe (©SIEMENS, Sonoline Versa Plus) at the department of Radiodiagnosis, RIMS and FNAC at the department of Pathology, RIMS. All the patients underwent excision of the lumps and tissues were sent for Histopathological examination. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of ultrasonography and FNAC were calculated taking Histopathological result as the gold standard. Values were compared. RESULTS Sixty patients with 62 breast lumps (40 benign and 22 malignant) were included. FNAC reported 42 lumps as benign and 19 as malignant and was indeterminate in 1 case. Ultrasonography reported 36 cases as benign, 18 as malignant and 6 as indeterminate; it failed to detect breast lump in 2 cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of ultrasonography and FNAC in diagnosing malignant breast lump were respectively 94.74%, 100%, 100%, 97.22% and 90.48%, 100%, 100%, 95.24%. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography and FNAC are 100% specific in diagnosing malignant breast lesion. Although Ultrasonography appears more sensitive than FNAC, the percentage of indeterminate report is higher with Ultrasonography.
The role of cyclic 3',5' adenosine monophosphate in the specific cytolytic activity of lymphocytes.

The in vitro destruction (51Cr release) of DBA/2 mastocytoma cells by lymphocytes from immune C57BL mice has been used as a system to study the relationship between lymphocyte cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and cytolytic activity. It was established that there is a direct correlation between increased intracellular levels of cAMP and the inhibition of cytolytic activity of a lymphocyte population. Treatment of lymphocytes with adenyl cyclase stimulating agents (histamine, isoproterenol and prostaglandins E1 and E2) caused increases in cAMP levels and inhibited cytolytic activity. The time course of the increase in cAMP content following exposure to drug paralleled closely the time course of inhibition of cytolytic activity. The effect of isoproterenol on both cAMP content and cytolytic activity was short lived; the prostaglandins produced longer lasting effects on both systems. Theophylline, which inhibits the enzymatic degradation of cAMP also inhibited cytolysis. This inhibitory effect was at least additive to that produced by isoproterenol. The specificity of the relationship between intracellular cAMP levels and cytolytic activity was shown by the following observations. 1) Cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited lymphocyte activity. 5′-AMP at comparable concentrations did not. 2) The prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2 both increased cyclic AMP content and consistantly inhibited lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. Prostaglandin PGF 1α was inactive in both systems. 3) Propanolol, a β-adrenergic blocking agent, specifically prevented the effect of isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, on both cyclic AMP and cytolytic activity, but did not prevent the effect of the prostaglandins or histamine in either system. These results suggest that cAMP occupies a central modulatory role in the expression of cytolytic activity by lymphocytes.
The Genetic Consequences of Anaphase Bridge Formation in Drosophila.

ROSSING over between ring and normal X chromosomes of D. meluno- gaster was first studied by L. V. MORGAN the later work of and BEADLE (1936) provided an understanding of the behavior of anaphase bridges resulting from crossing over in inversion heterozygotes. The present work represents an attempt to interpret the data from ring/rod heterozygotes using the rules derived from inversion heterozygotes by the above workers, with emphasis on a discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies of that class of gamete with no X chromosome, the nullo-X class. It will be shown that this discrepancy, a deficiency of the nullo-X class, occurs also in experiments involving certain types of X inversion heterozygotes, and the bearing of the phenomenon on the nature of chromatid separation will be discussed.
Critical power as a measure of physical work capacity and anaerobic threshold.

Monod and Scherrer (1965) showed that there was a linear relation between the maximal work and the maximal time over which the work was performed until the onset of local muscular exhaustion. This linear relation could be expressed by the equation: W lim =a+bT lim, where maximal work (Wlim) was thought to result from the use of an energy reserve (a) and an energy reconstitution whose maximal rate was (b) We have extended this concept to total body work (bicycle ergometer). Eight male and eight female college students underwent exercise tests at 400, 350, 300,275 and 300,250,200,175 W respectively, to the onset of fatigue. The regression analysis revealed that the linearity of individual plots was found to be 0-982<R 2<0 998 (p<0 01). Experimental results indicated that the maximal energy reconstitution rate (b) was correlated with the onset of anaerobic threshold (AT) as determined by the gas exchange method (r = 0 928, p <0 01). Furthermore, the sum of (a) and (b) (energy reserve and maximal rate of ener.