Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-reported maternal parenting style and confidence and infant temperament in a multi-ethnic community

Ethnic minority children in the United Kingdom often experience health disadvantage. Parenting influences children’s current and future health, but little is known about whether parenting behaviours and mother’s perception of her infant vary by ethnicity. Using the Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort, which is located in an ethnically diverse and economically deprived UK city, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of mother’s self-reported parenting confidence, self-efficacy, hostility and warmth, and infant temperament at six months of age. We examined responses from women of Pakistani (N = 554) and White British (N = 439) origin. Pakistani mothers reported feeling more confident about their abilities as a parent. Significantly fewer Pakistani women adopted a hostile approach to parenting, an effect that was attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic status and mental health. Overall, women with more self-efficacious, warm and less hostile parenting styles reported significantly fewer problems with their infant’s temperaments. Of women with higher self-efficacy parenting styles, Pakistani mothers were significantly more likely than White British mothers to report more problematic infant temperaments, although absolute differences were small. It is unlikely that the ethnic variation seen in children’s cognitive and behavioural outcomes in childhood is attributable to differences in parenting or infant characteristics reported at six months.
External MPC Unit Discussion Paper No . 12 * Measuring the UK Short-Run NAIRU

This paper derives alternative measures of the short-run NAIRU (SRN) for the UK, the rate for unemployment at which inflation will neither increase nor decrease in the short-run. We estimate the NAIRU jointly with price equations by using the Kalman filter. Our work suggests that both structural changes in the labour market and favourable supply shocks may have had a beneficial impact on RPIX inflation over the last few years. We show that deviations of unemployment from the short-run NAIRU measures prove helpful in predicting inflation and we demonstrate their usefulness in Taylor-type policy rules for the interest rate. JEL classification: E24, E31, E50
Soluble transferrin receptor in iron-deficient patients with and without anemia.

Soluble transferrin receptor (TfR) identified iron deficiency in 86.8% of patients with Hb level <10 g/dL, in 68.8% of those with Hb between 10-13 g/dL, and in 52.4% of non-anemic iron-deficient patients. The diagnostic efficiency of soluble TfR was lower (28.6%) in non-anemic patients with chronic disease (CD) and similar in anemic patients regardless the presence of CD.
The Aetiology of Post-traumatic Morbidity: Predisposing, Precipitating and Perpetuating Factors

A group of 469 firefighters were studied 4, 11 and 29 months after having an extreme exposure to a bushfire disaster. The relative importance of the impact of the disaster, personality and ways of coping were investigated as determinants of post-traumatic morbidity. Neuroticism and a past history of treatment for a psychological disorder were better predictors of post-traumatic morbidity than the degree of exposure to the disaster or the losses sustained. These results raise doubts about the postulated central aetiological role a traumatic event plays in the onset of morbidity.
Second hepatic resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

During the last 5 years, radical hepatic resection was performed in 91 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty‐one of them had tumour recurrence in the remaining liver during the follow‐up period. Second hepatic resection was carried out on nine of them 4–38 months after the first hepatectomy. The ages of these patients ranged from 39 to 65 years with an average of 53.7. There were six men and three women. Eight patients had underlying cirrhosis of the liver and one chronic active hepatitis. Six patients are alive, four being free of HCC and two with disease, for 15–45 months after the first operation. Two patients died of systemic cancer dissemination. The remaining patient had tumour recurrence in the liver again and died of hepatic failure after the third laparotomy. The survival rate of these nine patients was significantly better than that of twenty‐two patients who were treated by other palliative methods. The present result shows that a second hepatic resection is a possible and meaningful method of treatment for the patients with recurrent HCCs in the liver remnant.
Reactions of arterial and venous vessels in the human forearm and hand to deep breath or mental strain.

1. Arterial and venous reactions in forearm and hand to a deep breath or to mental strain (a 50 s period of arithmetic) were measured in fourteen individuals. Blood flow and tissue volume change were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, and venous tone by the occluded limb technique. 2. A deep breath caused cutaneous vasoconstriction which was short-lasting in resistance (arterial) vessels and long-lasting in capacitance vessels. 3. Mental strain caused cutaneous venous constriction and muscular arterial dilatation with a similar time-course, while the cutaneous arterial reaction was variable.
'Seeking': a key activity for new family carers of stroke survivors.

Stroke is one of the major causes of disability in the United Kingdom and considerable numbers of stroke survivors need help and support from family carers. The sudden and unexpected nature of stroke means that there is very little time for family members to prepare for a caring role. This paper draws on data from 37 interviews with 14 new carers of stroke survivors and highlights the uncertainty and lack of confidence that family members experience in adopting a caring role. During the initial period following the stroke carers engage in a number of different 'seeking' activities in order to try and ensure that they feel competent, confident and safe to provide care and that they understand the likely future demands they may face. Rather than being facilitated by staff, carers' efforts often go unnoticed or are overlooked, resulting in carers feeling that they are 'going it alone'. Staff need to be more aware of carers' 'seeking' behaviour and actively encourage the formation of partnerships with family members.
Primary temporal inverted papilloma with premalignant change

Abstract Objectives: To explore the pathology, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and prognosis of primary temporal inverted papilloma. Methods: We present one of the first reported cases of primary temporal inverted papilloma with premalignant change. The available data are reviewed. Results: To the best of our knowledge, only 10 evaluable cases of this tumour have been reported. The recurrence rate is higher for this tumour than for sinonasal inverted papilloma. Conclusion: Primary temporal inverted papilloma is extremely rare, and its diagnosis should be made only following clinical exclusion of sinonasal papilloma. Therapy mainly comprises radical resection of the lesion, and long-term post-operative follow up is mandatory.
How Accurately Do Novice Surgeons Place Thoracic Pedicle Screws With the Free Hand Technique?

Study Design. Cadaver study. Objective. To evaluate with direct observation the errors made when novice resident surgeons place thoracic pedicle screws. To determine how many specimens need to be instrumented to assure an improvement in accuracy to currently published levels. Summary of Background Data. Thoracic pedicle screw instrumentation has been shown to provide numerous benefits in spinal deformity surgery including 3 column fixation of the spinal elements, decreased need for thoracoplasty or anterior thoracic release and decreased operative time and blood loss. Methods. Three orthopaedic residents inexperienced in pedicle screw placement received an introductory teaching session. Intact thoracic vertebral body specimens were harvested from 15 cadaver spines. Each vertebral body was mounted on a clear Plexiglas frame with only the posterior surface anatomy visible to the surgeon. Each resident surgeon instrumented 5 thoracic spines verbalizing all perceived pedicle wall violations as they occurred. An observer recorded the accuracy of the gearshift probe, flexible probe, tap, and screw placement. Critically perforated screws were defined as a greater than 2 mm breach of the pedicle wall. Results. Two hundred ninety-seven pedicles in 149 intact vertebral body specimens were instrumented. Eighty-five (29%) screws were not fully within the pedicle. Sixty-three (74%) were noncritical violations and 22 (26%) were critical violations. There were 18 (21%) screw violations not perceived by the surgeon to be outside the pedicle. There was a decrease in the proportion of total screw violations by the third cadaver (P < 0.001) and in critical screw violations by the fourth cadaver (P = 0.01). Conclusion. Novice resident surgeons placing thoracic pedicle screws in cadavers were able to significantly improve by the fourth cadaver to accuracy levels documented in the literature. Surgeons in training shouldpractice these skills in the laboratory before proceeding to the operating room.
ADP-ribosylation of an approximately 70-kilodalton protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae

An approximately 70-kDa protein in the culture supernatant of a human pathogenic strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was labeled in the presence of [32P-adenylate]NAD. Labeling was significantly increased by the addition of dithiothreitol ( > 1 mM) but prevented by treatment of the culture supernatant for 3 min at 56 degrees C. The addition of unlabeled NAD, but not of ADP-ribose, blocked labeling of the approximately 70-kDa protein. The radioactive label was released by formic acid but not by HgCl2 (1 mM) or neutral hydroxylamine (0.5 M). The addition of homogenates of human platelets, human neutrophils, rat brain, rat lung, or rat spleen tissues to the culture supernatant did not induce labeling of eukaryotic proteins. The data indicate that the K. pneumoniae strain produces ADP-ribosyltransferase which modifies an endogenous protein.
A research project to investigate the impact of electricity system requirements on the design and optimal application of the Powerformer/sup TM/

This paper describes the aims and the methodology of a major collaborative research project between the University of Queensland and Australian and Swedish industry partners, including ABB Corporate Research (Sweden), Alstom Power (Sweden and Australia), PowerLink Queensland, Stanwell Corporation, C S Energy and Tarong Energy. The project investigates the likely benefits of significance to the Queensland system, which will arise from the optimisation of the new Powerformer technology for the generation of electricity at transmission or sub-transmission voltages, i.e. without step-up transformers.
The spliceosome assembly factor GEMIN2 attenuates the effects of temperature on alternative splicing and circadian rhythms

Significance RNA processing, an important step in the regulation of gene expression, is mediated by proteins and RNA molecules that are highly sensitive to variations in temperature conditions. Most organisms do not control their own body temperature. Therefore, molecular mechanisms must have evolved that ensure that biological processes are robust to temperature changes. Here we identify a protein that buffers the effect of temperature on biological timing by enhancing the assembly of the spliceosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex involved in RNA processing in organisms ranging from yeast to humans, and thereby controlling the alternative splicing of clock genes. The mechanisms by which poikilothermic organisms ensure that biological processes are robust to temperature changes are largely unknown. Temperature compensation, the ability of circadian rhythms to maintain a relatively constant period over the broad range of temperatures resulting from seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions, is a defining property of circadian networks. Temperature affects the alternative splicing (AS) of several clock genes in fungi, plants, and flies, but the splicing factors that modulate these effects to ensure clock accuracy throughout the year remain to be identified. Here we show that GEMIN2, a spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein assembly factor conserved from yeast to humans, modulates low temperature effects on a large subset of pre-mRNA splicing events. In particular, GEMIN2 controls the AS of several clock genes and attenuates the effects of temperature on the circadian period in Arabidopsis thaliana. We conclude that GEMIN2 is a key component of a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism that ensures the appropriate acclimation of plants to daily and seasonal changes in temperature conditions.
Differential Expression Patterns of PTEN in Cyclic, Hyperplastic and Malignant Endometrium: Its Relation with ER, PR and Clinicopathological Parameters.

UNLABELLED PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene, which is frequently mutated and involved in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a variety of human tumors including endometrium. We hypothesized that PTEN expression in endometrium is variable throughout the menstrual cycle as well as different endometrial lesions, and that steroid hormones regulate PTEN expression because PTEN is critical in many steroid-sensitive tissues such as endometrium. AIM OF WORK In this study, we aimed to assess the relationships between PTEN expression and estrogen (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) in normal endometrium, hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. We also evaluated the relationship between PTEN expression and clinicpathologic parameters including tumor grade, stage and myomrtial invasion in endometrial carcinoma. METHODS Specimens included 12 cyclical endometrium, 12 cases endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 8 cases atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 35 endometrial carcinoma specimens. Immunohistochemical staining for PTEN protein, ER and PR was performed with the Streptavidin-biotin method on formalin-fixed and paraffinembedded tissue samples. PTEN, ER and PR expression was represented as the staining score. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that PTEN, ER and PR were positive for nuclei of cells. The PTEN staining score of normal endometrium was higher in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase. The PTEN scores in atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma were significantly lowered than those for cyclic and hyperplasia without atypia. In endometrial carcinoma, PTEN expression was significantly correlated with histological grade while no significant associations with either stage or myometrial invasion were seen. Significant correlations were detected between PTEN and PR in EC cases and between PR and ER in all lesions, while no correlation was seen between ER and PTEN in different lesions. CONCLUSIONS PTEN expression has been changes throughout the menstrual cycle. We suggest that PTEN is involved in the early stages of endometrial carcinogenesis. In endometrial carcinomas, loss of PTEN expression is involved in tumor cell differentiation. KEY WORDS PTEN - Cyclic - Hyperplastic - Malignant endometrium - Estrogen receptor - Progesterone Receptor.
What is the potential for overdiagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia?

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by platelet‐activating antibodies that recognize platelet factor 4//heparin (PF4/H) complexes. According to the “iceberg model,” only a subset of anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies of IgG class evincing strong platelet‐activating properties cause clinical HIT. Since many centers rely predominantly on an anti‐PF4/polyanion enzyme‐immunoassay (EIA) to diagnose HIT, we estimated the potential for overdiagnosis when only this single test is available. We examined a database of 100 patients in whom the probability of HIT had been estimated using a clinical scoring system (4Ts), and where patients underwent systematic testing for HIT antibodies using three assays: the platelet serotonin release assay (SRA), an “in‐house” EIA that detects IgG anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies (EIA‐IgG), and a commercial EIA that detects anti‐PF4/polyanion antibodies of all three immunoglobulin classes (EIA‐GTI). Whereas 16 of 100 patients fulfilled a “classic” definition of HIT (intermediate/high probability plus strong platelet‐activating anti‐PF4/heparin IgG antibodies), an additional 16 patients fulfilled a “liberal” definition in which any investigated patient (irrespective of the pretest probability) who had a positive EIA‐GTI was considered to have HIT. The clinical features of these 16 additional patients—including generally weak antibodies and low risk for thrombosis—suggest underlying non‐HIT explanations for thrombocytopenia. Patients with a positive SRA generally corresponded to those with intermediate or high pretest probability of HIT who also had strong EIA‐GTI reactivity (>1.20 OD units). We conclude there is the potential to overdiagnose HIT by ∼100% if any positive EIA is considered to “confirm” the diagnosis of HIT irrespective of the clinical scenario. Am. J. Hematol. , 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proceedings of the Barrels II Workshop: sensorimotor loops

Rodents use their whiskers to explore their environment and to make very fine discriminations in textures and sizes of objects. Exploratory “whisking” movements consist of large amplitude, rhythmic whisker protractions that occur at characteristic frequencies of 5–10 Hz. Rodents likely whisk to move their receptor surface over the object they are touching. A fundamental understanding of this important motor behavior and the sensorimotor loops that control it were the focus of the final session of the Barrels Workshop. This session began with talks from David Kleinfeld (University of California San Diego), Miguel Nicolelis (Duke University), and Jonathan Rubin (University of Pittsburgh). These talks were followed by short presentations from Steven Leiser (Drexel University), Marcin Szwed (Weitzman Institute), Ford Ebner (Vanderbilt University), Charles Pluto (Medical College of Ohio), and Elisabeth Foeller (Washington University).
Preoperative Prediction of Long-term Outcome in Poor-grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate which presentation indices, demographics, and clinical information predict 12-month outcome in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and to provide a preoperative index of prognosis. METHODS:Data were obtained on all patients with poor-grade (Hunt and Hess Grades IV and V) aneurysmal SAH from a prospectively maintained SAH database and health outcomes project. Demographics, medical history, presenting clinical condition, and health outcomes were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed and Kaplan-Meier curves were generated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of poor outcome at 12 months after hemorrhage, as measured by the modified Rankin disability scale. RESULTS:Survival curves for open surgery and endovascular treatment did not differ significantly. Overall, 40% of the 98 definitively treated patients had a favorable outcome at 12 months. Multivariable analysis identified patient age older than 65 years (P < 0.001), hyperglycemia (P < 0.03), worst preoperative Hunt and Hess Grade V (P < 0.0001), and aneurysm size of at least 13 mm (P < 0.002) as significant predictors of poor outcome. These variables were weighted and used to compute a poor-grade aneurysmal SAH Prognosis Score (hereafter, Prognosis Score) for each patient. A Prognosis Score of 0 was associated with a 90% favorable outcome; Prognosis Score of 1 with 83%; Prognosis Score of 2 with 43%; Prognosis Score of 3 with 8%; Prognosis Score of 4 with 7%; and a Prognosis Score of 5 with 0%. CONCLUSION:Outcome in poor-grade aneurysmal SAH is strongly predicted by patient age, worst preoperative Hunt and Hess clinical grade, and aneurysm size. Hyperglycemia on admission after poor-grade aneurysmal SAH increases the likelihood of poor outcome, and is a potentially modifiable risk factor. The Prognosis Score is a useful tool for preoperatively assessing the likelihood of a favorable outcome for poor-grade aneurysmal SAH patients.
The Economics of Hemodialysis Catheter‐Related Infection Prophylaxis

Hemodialysis central venous catheter (CVC) use is associated with the highest morbidity, mortality, and cost of all types of hemodialysis vascular access. CVC‐related infection drives much of the cost associated with CVC use. The magnitude of the cost associated with CVC‐related infection varies depending on the type and severity of that infection; however, estimates of the total direct and indirect costs associated with hospitalizations due to hemodialysis CVC‐related infections range from 17,000 USD to 32,000 USD per episode. Thus, it is critically important, to not only have effective strategies to limit CVC‐related infection but also evaluate whether these strategies are an efficient use of resources. Prophylactic strategies can be considered economically efficient only if the value of its implementation and the corresponding drop in infection rate offer greater value than standard care. The optimal CVC‐related infection prophylaxis strategy should work to limit infection risk with minimal risk, inconvenience, and discomfort to the patient, and at minimal cost. The aim of this review was to examine the clinical and economic impact of some commonly described interventions used for CVC infection prophylaxis.
Top–Down Attentional Deficits in Macaques with Lesions of Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

Brain imaging, electrical stimulation, and neurophysiological studies have all implicated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the top–down control of attention. Specifically, feedback from PFC has been proposed to bias activity in visual cortex in favor of attended stimuli over irrelevant distracters. To identify which attentional functions are critically dependent on PFC, we removed PFC unilaterally in combination with transection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure in two macaques. In such a preparation, the ipsilesional hemisphere is deprived of top–down feedback from PFC to visual cortex, and the contralesional hemisphere can serve as an intact normal control. Monkeys were trained to fixate a central cue and discriminate the orientation of a colored target grating presented among colored distracter gratings in either the hemifield affected by the PFC lesion or the normal control hemifield. Locations of the targets and distracters were varied, and the color of the central cue specified the color of the target on each trial. The behavioral response was a bar release, and thus attentional impairments could be distinguished from impaired oculomotor control. When the cue was held constant for many trials, task performance in the affected hemifield was nearly normal. However, the monkeys were severely impaired when the cue was switched frequently across trials. The monkeys were unimpaired in a pop-out task with changing targets that did not require top–down attentional control. The PFC thus appears to play a critical role in the ability to flexibly reallocate attention on the basis of changing task demands.