Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triggering of tremors and slow slip event in Guerrero, Mexico, by the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile, earthquake

[1] We investigate the triggering of seismic tremor and slow slip event in Guerrero (Mexico) by the February 27, 2010 Maule earthquake (Mw 8.8). Triggered tremors start with the arrival of S wave generated by the Maule earthquake, and keep occurring during the passing of ScS, SS, Love and Rayleigh waves. The Rayleigh wave dispersion curve footprints the high frequency energy envelope of the triggered tremor, indicating a strong modulation of the source of tremors by the passing surface wave. This correlation and modulation by the passing waves is progressively lost with time over a few hours. The tremor activity continues during the weeks/months after the earthquake. GPS time series suggest that the second sub-event of the 2009–2010 SSE in Guerrero is actually triggered by the Maule earthquake. The southward displacement of the GPS stations starts coincidently with the earthquake and tremors. The long duration of tremors indicate a continuing deformation process at depth, which we propose to be the second sub-event of the 2009–2010 SSE. We show a quasi-systematic correlation between surface displacement rate measured by GPS and tremor activity, suggesting that the NVT are controlled by the variations in the slip history of the SSE. This study shows that two types of tremors emerge: (1) Those directly triggered by the passing waves and (2) those triggered by the stress variations associated with slow slip. This indicates the prominent role of aseismic creep in the Mexican subduction zone response to a large teleseismic earthquake, possibly leading to large-scale stress redistribution.
Leadership in the Plural

This paper reviews the literature on forms of leadership that in one way or other imply plurality: that is, the combined influence of multiple leaders in specific organizational situations. We identify four streams of scholarship on plural leadership, each focusing on somewhat different phenomena and adopting different epistemological and methodological assumptions. Specifically, these streams focus on sharing leadership in teams, on pooling leadership at the top of organizations, on spreading leadership across boundaries over time, and on producing leadership through interaction. The streams of research vary according to their representations of plural leadership as structured or emergent and as mutual or coalitional. We note tensions between perspectives that advocate pluralizing leadership in settings of concentrated authority and those concerned with channeling the forms of plurality naturally found in diffuse power settings such as professional organizations or inter-organizational partnerships. It i.
Respiratory activity in sediments of three mountain lakes in the Julian Alps and in subalpine Lake Bled (Slovenia): effects of altitude and anthropic influence

Respiratory activity in sediments was studied in 3 Slovenian mountain lakes and 1 sub- alpine lake. Electron transport system (ETS) activity was measured in the sediments to assess the potential mineralisation of organic matter (OM), while oxygen consumption rate (R), induced under laboratory conditions, was used to assess the actual mineralisation of OM in these sediments. The lakes are situated at different altitudes, with different water temperatures. They also have different trophic status. It was found that higher lake water temperatures and more productive lakes, having higher contents of labile autochthonous OM, caused higher microbial respiratory activity, reflected in higher ETS activities and R. Subsurface peak values of ETS activity and R were observed in the mountain lakes, most probably indicating slower degradation of OM; in particular, the more refrac- tory terrestrial OM, and the presence of anaerobic microorganisms. In the case of the lowland eutrophic Lake Bled, no such distribution was observed. In this lake, OM is effectively degraded in the water column and surface sediments due to high lake water temperatures and high content of autochthonous OM. A high correlation between ETS activity and R was observed in all the sediments, while correlations between ETS activity and organic carbon (OC) concentration, and between R and OC concentration were lower.
4.03 Fracture and Frictional Mechanics – Theory

Nomenclature A rupture area c specific heat D average fault slip Dc critical weakening displacement Dm maximum coseismic displacement D(x) fault slip fi body force fij(#) azimuthal dependence of a near-tip stress field F half-length of a developed part of a crack on which friction has dropped to a residual level d G release rate of mechanical energy (per unit crack length) Gc effective fracture energy (per unit crack length) K stress intensity factor Kc critical stress intensity factor, fracture toughness L crack half-length, or full length of a self-healing pulse L dynamic pulse length Lc critical crack length M0 scalar seismic moment Q rate of heat generation r distance to the crack tip r0 effective radius of the crack tip R length of the process zone at the crack tip R dynamic length of the process zone at the crack tip S minor axis of an elliptical cavity Sf boundary between elastically and inelastically deforming material t time T temperature T̂ temperature scale ui displacement vector Ue elastic strain energy Uf frictional losses UG fracture energy Ul potential energy of remotely applied stresses Ur radiated energy Vl limiting rupture velocity Vp P wave velocity Vr rupture velocity Vs S wave velocity w half-width of the fault slip zone w nondimensional width of the fault slip zone x, y, z (x1, x2, x3) spatial coordinates
WP ECON 07.10 Demand Shcoks and Trade Balance Dynamics

This paper studies the current account dynamics in the G-7 countries plus Spain. We estimate a SVAR model which allows us to identify three different shocks: supply shocks, real demand shocks and nominal shocks. We use a different identification procedure from previous work based on a microfounded stochastic open-economy model in which the real exchange rate is a determinant of the Phillips curve. Estimates from a structural VAR show that real demand shocks explain most of the variability of current account imbalances, whereas, contrary to previous findings, nominal shocks play no role. The results we obtain are consistent with the predictions of a widely set of open-economy models and illustrate that demand policies are the main responsible of trade imbalances.
Incentives to Inflate Reported Cash from Operations Using Classification and Timing

ABSTRACT: This study examines when firms inflate reported cash from operations in the statement of cash flows (CFO) and the mechanisms through which firms manage CFO. CFO management is distinct from earnings management. Unlike the manipulation of accruals, firms cannot manage CFO with biased estimates, but must resort to classification and timing. I identify four firm characteristics associated with incentives to inflate reported CFO: (1) financial distress, (2) a long-term credit rating near the investment/non-investment grade cutoff, (3) the existence of analyst cash flow forecasts, and (4) higher associations between stock returns and CFO. Results indicate that, even after controlling for the level of earnings, firms upward manage reported CFO when the incentives to do so are particularly high. Specifically, firms manage CFO by shifting items between th estatement of cash flows categories both within and outside the boundaries of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and by timing certain tr.
The Effects of On-line and Pre-task Planning on Descriptive Writing of Iranian EFL Learners

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of pre-task planning (PTP) and on-line planning (OLP) on descriptive writing of EFL learners. It is discussed extensively that planning factor influences task performance of language learners. Thirty seven learners of English as a foreign language, aged between 19 and 24, were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups with pre-task and on-line planning conditions. The participants in PTP group were given 10 minutes to plan their performance before the main task performance, while the participants in OLP group had to begin writing immediately but they could take as much as time they liked. The collected data was then coded and analyzed using independent samples test statistical procedure. The results of data analysis showed planning time had no effect on complexity and accuracy of participants’ performance but it influenced positively the fluency of PTP group.
Favorable effects on arterial stiffness after renal sympathetic denervation for the treatment of resistant hypertension: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

Aims: Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) has recently been suggested to be a novel treat-ment strategy for patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. However, the latest randomized studies have provided conflicting results and the influence of RDN on arterial stiffness remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the effects of RDN on arterial stiffness as measured with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and distensibility in addition to cardiac function and T1 mapping at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Methods: RDN was performed in a total of 16 patients with treatment-resistant hypertension, and the procedures were conducted at two university hospitals using two different RDN devices. All patients and age-matched controls underwent a comprehensive clinical examination and cardiac magnetic resonance protocols both at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. Results: In the treatment group, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to be decreased at the follow-up visit (office SBP; 173 ± 24 compared to 164 ± 25 mmHg [ P = 0.033]), the 24-hour ambulatory SBP had decreased (163 ± 25 compared to 153 ± 20 mmHg [ P = 0.057]), the aortic PWV had decreased from 8.24 ± 3.34 to 6.54 ± 1.31 m/s ( P = 0.053), and the aortic distensibility had increased from 2.33 ± 1.34 to 3.96 ± 3.05 10 −3 mmHg −1 ( P = 0.013). The changes in aortic PWV and distensibility were independent of the observed reductions in SBP. Conclusion: The arterial stiffness, as assessed with aortic PWV, and distensibility were improved at 6 months after RDN. This improvement was independent of the reduction in SBP.
Western Guatemala a Secondary Center of Origin of Cultivated Maize Varieties

In a previous publication Mangelsdorf and Reeves (18) advanced the tripartite hypothesis: 1. that cultivated maize originated from a wild form of pod corn which was once, and perhaps still is, indigenous to the lowlands of South America; 2. that Euchlaena (teosinte), the closest relative of maize, is a recent product of the natural hybridization of Zea and Tripsacum which occurred after cultivated maize had been introduced by man into Central America; . -}. that new types of maize originating directly or indirectly from this cross and exhibiting admixture with Tripsacum comprise the majority of Central and North American varieties. The three* parts of this hypothesis, although presenting an integrated picture of the origin of maize, are nonetheless to some extent independent of each other. The actual discovery of wild pod maize, for example, while completely establishing the first postulate, would do no more than lend strong indirect support to the second and third. Overwhelming evidence that teosinte is a hybrid of maize and Tripsacum would not prove that the majority
Mineral content of nectarines fruits in relation to some fertilization practices

Fruits nutritional quality at the harvest moment and their storage capacity is directly or indirectly affected by multiple factors, including fertilization practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil organic and chemical fertilization, also foliar spray treatments on fruits mineral content of two nectarines (Prunus persica L. Batsch var. nectarina (Ait) Maxim) cultivars: Cora an d Delta. The following fertilization treatments were applied: V1. Control: No fertilization; V2. Organic fertilizer in mid-May; V3 and V4 Chemical fertilizer in the first part of June; for variant 4 there were applied also two treatments with foliar fertilizer in the second part of May and early June. The expe riment was carried out in 2008 at the Research and Development Fruit Growing Station Constana, Romania. Nectarine fruits were picked at commercial maturity stage from each tree of various replicates and mineral content was determined at the Plant Ph ysiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Horticulture Bucharest, by using an Inductively Coupled Pla sma Spectroscopy (ICP-AES IRIS INTREPID). The results were expressed in mg 100 g -1 fresh weight. Our preliminary results indicated a change in the fruits minerals composition in relation with the applied fertilizer, with significantly differences among the treatments. The organic fertilization and fo liar sprays impact were found to be the most significant ones for all mineral elements studied in this work.
Political Consequences of Partisan Prejudice

Political conflict sometimes spills over into unrelated areas of our lives. A growing literature documents examples of partisan considerations influencing judgments and behaviors in ostensibly nonpolitical contexts such as the workplace, academia, and dating, among others. To date, the focus has been on demonstrating these phenomena, with scant consideration of their downstream effects. When politics spills over into nonpolitical settings—that is, when political considerations influence nonpolitical judgments or behaviors—what are the consequences? I address this question with a novel theory and a nationally representative survey experiment. I find that norms exist regarding the spillover of political considerations into nonpolitical matters—and that spillover can have its own political consequences. When one’s copartisans discriminate against members of the other party, it can lead to decreased partisan identification and depolarization. Partisan discrimination in nonpolitical settings can—in some sense ironically—reduce affective polarization. That said, partisans also appear to hold a double standard: They expect copartisans to give an edge to fellow copartisans.
The Life Time Prevalence of Childhood Seizure

Background: Seizure is the most common pediatric neurologic disorder. Epidemiological studies of childhood epilepsy are of importance to compare incidence and prevalence rates, age distribution, inheritance, seizure types, epilepsy syndromes and treatment strategies. Since there is little information about prevalence of childhood seizure in Iran, this study was aimed to determine the life time prevalence of childhood seizure and some of its determining factors in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 2500 male and female students, aged 12 years or younger, studying in fifth grade of primary schools in district one of Ministry of Education were assessed by filling a preliminary questionnaire. Those who were categorized by the author as having a history of any form of seizure were assessed by a second questionnaire. The clinical form of seizure, the presumptive cause, positive family history and use of anti-convulsant drugs were recorded. Results: The life time prevalence of seizure was 32/1000 population which was more prevalent in boys . Generalized seizure was the most common clinical form. Approximately 60% of cases reported febrile convulsion as the presumptive cause stated by the physician. Positive family history was reported in 29.6% of cases. Anti epileptic drugs were taken by 54% of students with a positive history of seizure. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the life time prevalence of seizure is relatively high in Iranian community, although the other factors were in concordance with other communities.
RBF-ARX MODELING FOR PREDICTION AND CONTROL

Abstract This paper presents a systematic approach to the complex problem of RBF-ARX modeling. First, we point out that many of the nonlinear features of a time series may be represented by a relatively simple RBF-ARX model. A method for estimating the number of RBF centers is then proposed based on the behavior of the state variable, and initial values for the centers are found. Linear estimation methods are implemented to select the initial lag orders of candidate models. Model parameters are found by nonlinear estimation and candidate models are compared using AIC, SBC criteria and other diagnostic checks. The modeling approach is shown to work well in practice by estimating optimum RBF-ARX models for real and simulated time series data and comparing the results with those of previous authors. Diagnostic checking also confirms the validity of the method.
Why Do Countries Matter so Much in Corporate Social Performance ?

Why do levels of corporate social performance (CSP) differ so much across countries? We answer this question in an examination of CSP ratings of more than 2,600 companies from 36 countries. We find that firm characteristics explain very little of the variations in CSP ratings. In contrast, variations in country factors such as stages of economic development, culture, and institutions account for a significant proportion of variations in CSP ratings across countries. In particular, we find that CSP ratings are high in countries with high income-per-capita, strong civil liberties and political rights, and cultures oriented toward harmony and autonomy. Furthermore, we find that home country factors explain a smaller portion of the overall variations in CSP for multinationals and cross-listed firms than for non-multinationals and pure domestic firms, respectively.
Ethical Dilemmas Related to Presumed Consent (opt-out)

In recent years, the demand for organ and human tissue transplants has increased, but the number of donors is still insufficient. Different legislative reforms have been proposed to increase the number of donors, but this has not necessarily caused a significant increase [1]. Among the different legal provisions, Presumed Consent (opt-out) has stood out as a legal mechanism for reducing the gap between demand and availability of human organs. The experience of Spain shows that the impact of this law together with other amendments led years later to an important increase of donors, but this did not happen in other countries in the area. Therefore, there may not be a direct relation between the introduction of the presumed consent law and increased donor rate [2]. From the viewpoint of some bioethicists, it is stated that presumed consent violates the spirit of voluntary charity and individual autonomy, and this would contradict the spirit of informed consent and would be ethically unjustified [3]. Many people would still not be aware of the law and therefore presumed consent may be equivalent to organ conscription.
The ALMA view of W33A: a spiral filament feeding the candidate disc in MM1-Main

We targeted the massive star-forming region W33A using the Atacama large sub/millimeter array in bands 6 (230 GHz) and 7 (345 GHz) to search for a sub-1000 au disc around the central O-type massive young stellar object W33A MM1-Main. Our data achieve a resolution of ~0.2 arcsec (~500 au) and resolve the central core, MM1, into multiple components and reveal complex and filamentary structures. There is strong molecular line emission covering the entire MM1 region. The kinematic signatures are inconsistent with only Keplerian rotation although we propose that the shift in the emission line centroids within ~1000 au of MM1-Main could hint at an underlying compact disc with Keplerian rotation. We cannot however rule out the possibility of an unresolved binary or multiple system. A putative smaller disc could be fed by the large-scale spiral 'feeding filament' we detect in both gas and dust emission. We also discuss the nature of the now-resolved continuum sources.
Exploring the Evolution of Scientific Networks of Biotechnology Firms

Despite decades of network research, the crucial question, “How do networks evolve? ” has not been sufficiently explored. We explore this question by analyzing the co-authorship networks in the U.S. biotechnology firms. Specifically, from network management and network inertia perspectives, we argue that structural changes in the firms’ co-authorship networks are dependent on the specific characteristics of firms’ initial networks. Longitudinal analysis of the U.S. biotechnology firms over a span of seventeen years largely supports our arguments. Overall, we find that firms’ existing tiespecific characteristics in the form of a firm’s existing network size, tie strength, and the knowledge quality carried through these ties constitute significant determinants of network evolution.
Anthropometric indices and its socio-demographic determinants among primary school children of an urban school in Pune, India

Background: Health of the children (5-11yrs) is of importance not only as these children have already survived the most difficult phase of their life but also their future development will affect the development of entire society. Nationwide data on under five children is routinely collected during national surveys, such as National Family Health Survey (NFHS), similar data for school age children is usually not collected, except by individual worker. Hence it was decided to carry out a health survey for school children in urban area along with their social determinants and compare those with World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Aim: To find prevalence of malnutrition in primary school children of urban India and their social determinants. Setting and design: School community setting and cross sectional design. Material and Methods: Anthropometric measurements were done in students of class one to five by two investigators. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect information about socio-economic factors. Statistical analysis used: Epi Info 6 software of CDC, Atlanta, USA. Student ‘t’ test for quantitative data along with 95% confidence interval and chi square test for categorical data. Results: The prevalence of stunting was 4.47% (95% CI, 3-5.94), wasting 6.32% (95% CI 4.59-8.05%) and under nutrition 5.00% (95% CI 3.45-6). Parent’s educational levels were significantly associated with the nutritional status of the child. However no statistically significant association was found with regard to family income and family size. Only wasting was significantly associated with mother’s working status. Conclusion: Mothers and fathers education are most important determinants of nutritional status of primary school children in Urban India.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATION WITHIN THE STANDARDS-BASED INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

The overall goal of this paper is to empirically analyze the augmentation and integration of ISO 9001 - based quality management systems with ISO 14001 - based environmental and other standardized management systems. Results from a survey of 298 organizations headquartered in the Spanish regions of Catalonia and the Basque Country are presented. All surveyed organizations were registered to both ISO 9001: 2000 and ISO 14001: 2004, while some had further management system standard certificates, for example in occupational health and safety and social responsibility. Various aspects of augmentation and integration, such as the usage of additional subsystem standards, the process of integration and the conduct of audits, are discussed through largely descriptive analyses. Keywords: ISO 9001, IMS, ISO14001, empirical analysis