Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-care Behaviors And Physiological Index According to Cognitive Function of Hemodialysis Patients

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation with self-care behaviors and physiological index according to cognitive function of hemodialysis patients. The data were collected from 108 patients on hemodialysis in university hospital. The period of data collection was from January 4 to January 31, 2010. The instruments of research were MMSE, Self-care behavior scale for hemodialysis patients. The 17.6% of patients showed the cognitive disorder. Self-care behaviors of patients showed that normal cognitive function group was significantly higher than dysfunction group. Creatinine and parathyroid hormone of patients showed that normal cognitive function group was significantly lower than dysfunction group. The cognitive function of patients showed positive correlations with self-care behavior(r
Massachusetts General Hospital Psychiatry Update and Board Preparation, Second Edition / Massachusetts General Hospital 1000 Psychiatry Questions & Annotated Answers

Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading massachusetts general hospital 1000 psychiatry questions annotated answers as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
Phase II Study of S-1, a Novel Oral Derivative of 5-Fluorouracil, in Advanced Gastric Cancer

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of S-1, a novel oral fluoropyrimidine derivative, we conducted a multicenter late phase II study in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients and Methods: Fifty-one patients who had received no previous chemotherapy were enrolled. Fifty patients were eligible for efficacy and safety analyses. The overall response was evaluated for the 43 patients who had metastatic lesions. S-1 was administered orally after breakfast and dinner for 28 days, followed by a 14-day break. The dosages were assigned according to the patients’ body surface area (BSA): BSA <1.25 m2, 40 mg; 1.25–1.5 m2, 50 mg, and BSA ≥1.5 m2, 60 mg, twice daily. Results: The overall response to treatment was evaluated as partial response in 19 of the 43 patients (44%; 95% confidence interval 30–59%). The median survival time in all patients was 207 days with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 36.0 and 14.0%, respectively. Grade 3 adverse reactions included decreased hemoglobin values in 2 patients, leukopenia, neutropenia and diarrhea in 1 patient each. No other grade 4 or unexpected adverse reactions were seen. Conclusions: S-1 is effective against advanced gastric cancer. This oral treatment is suitable for outpatients because of its mild toxicity. Further therapeutic benefits are likely to be obtained by combining S-1 with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Multivariate Analysis of Several Molecular Markers and Clinicopathological Features in Postoperative Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This study was designed to assess the impact of several molecular markers and clinicopathological characteristics on postoperative survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postoperative clinical data of 64 patients with HCC were retrospectively analyzed. K‐ras, PIK3CA, and BRAF gene mutations in surgically resected specimens of the 64 patients with HCC were detected by pyrosequencing. H‐ras and XB130 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses of the clinical and pathological parameters. The mutation rates of K‐ras, PIK3CA, and BRAF genes in HCC were found to be 4.69%, 1.56%, and 0%, respectively. Positive expression rate of XB130 and H‐ras in HCC was 75.0% and 93.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that clinicopathological factors impacting postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC include clinical stage, tumor diameter, and postoperative transcatheter arterial embolization therapy for HCC. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage (relative risk [RR]: 6.420, P = 0.013) and tumor diameter (RR: 1.498, P = 0.014) were independent factors impacting postoperative survival of patients with HCC. These findings indicate that the clinical stage and tumor diameter are independent risk factors impacting postoperative survival of patients with HCC. Gene mutations of K‐ras and PIK3CA and protein expression of XB130 and H‐ras are not associated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective study of infectious complications in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Martín‐Peña A, Aguilar‐Guisado M, Espigado I, Parody R, Cisneros JM. Prospective study of infectious complications in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 468–474. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
The global avalanche characteristics of two Boolean functions and algebraic immunity

The global avalanche characteristics criterion of two Boolean functions was introduced by Zhou et al. [On the global avalanche characteristics criterion of two Boolean functions and the higher order nonlinearity, Inform. Sci. 180(2) (2010), pp. 256–265] to measure the cryptographic behaviour in a global characteristic. The two indicators σ f, g and Δ f, g of Boolean functions f and g were presented. In this paper, a new upper bound on σ f, g is derived, and a technique on constructing Boolean functions to attain the lower bound on the sum-of-squares indicator is described by using the disjoint spectra method. Some new upper bounds on Δ f, g and σ f, g are deduced for two special Boolean functions. Two relationships between σ f, g and algebraic immunity of the two Boolean functions are obtained. Finally, some links among different cryptographic indicators are shown.
Prevalence of gastroparesis before and after lung transplantation and its association with lung allograft outcomes

Raviv Y, D’Ovidio F, Pierre A, Chaparro C, Freeman M, Keshavjee S, Singer LG. Prevalence of gastroparesis before and after lung transplantation and its association with lung allograft outcomes. Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 133–142. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Cardiac function and aminoterminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels in liver‐transplanted cirrhotic patients

Bernal V, Pascual I, Lanas A, Esquivias P, Piazuelo E, Garcia‐Gil FA, Lacambra I, Simon MA. Cardiac function and aminoterminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels in liver‐transplanted cirrhotic patients. Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 111–116. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
MT2‐MMP Expression During Early Avian Morphogenesis

Membrane‐type 2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2‐MMP; also called MMP15) is a membrane‐bound protease that degrades extracellular matrix and activates proMMPs such as proMMP‐2. MMP‐2 expression in avian embryos is well documented, but it is not clear how proMMP‐2 is activated during avian embryogenesis. Herein, we report that MT2‐MMP mRNA is expressed in several tissues including the neural folds and epidermal ectoderm, intermediate mesoderm, pharyngeal arches, limb buds, and dermis. Several, but not all, of these tissues are known to express MMP‐2. These observations suggest MT2‐MMP may play a role during embryonic development not only through its own proteolytic activity but also by activating proMMP‐2. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current problems of chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection

Takeda A, Horike K, Ohtsuka Y, Inaguma D, Goto N, Watarai Y, Uchida K, Morozumi K. Current problems of chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection. Clin Transplant 2011: 25 (Suppl. 23): 2–5. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Anatomy and Evolution of Heterocercal Tail in Lamniform Sharks

Lamniformes is a small shark group consisting of 15 extant species with remarkably diverse lifestyles and a wide range in heterocercal tail morphology. The caudal fin morphology must be related to their lifestyle because the tail is a main locomotive structure in sharks, but such relationships have remained largely uninvestigated. Here, the morphology‐lifestyle relationship in lamniforms is examined through phylogenetic mapping. This study suggests that, within Lamniformes, caudal fins with a more horizontally directed curvature of the vertebral column are plesiomorphic, whereas those with a large dorsally directed curvature of the vertebral column are apomorphic. It also shows that caudal fins with posteriorly directed hypochordal rays are plesiomorphic, and that those with ventrally directed hypochordal rays are apomorphic within Lamniformes. Four basic caudal fin types are recognized in lamniforms on the basis of these skeletal variables in which one corollary is that the evolution of external morphology of caudal fin does not necessarily correspond to the evolution of its skeletal anatomy. This study also demonstrates that specific lifestyles seen in different lamniforms are indeed correlative with different caudal fin types in which a less asymmetrical heterocercal tail is a derived feature in lamniforms that evolved for fast swimming to capture fast swimming prey. Anat Rec, 296:433–442, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF CHANGES IN TEAR FILM FUNCTION IN NORMAL AND TYPE II DIABETIC SUBJECTS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

This study was performed to investigate, the changes of tear film and ocular surface in diabetic patients by assessing the corneal sensitivity test, tear secretion test and comparing the results with those in a normal control group. The present study was carried out in K.M. C. Mangalore in 100 eyes of fifty patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Cases) and 100 eyes of fifty healthy individual (Controls) . Corneal sensitivity, Tear film break up time, Rose bengal test and Schirmer test without topical anesthesia (total tear secretion test), and Schirmer test with topical anesthesia (basal tear secretion test) was measured. Results showed that corneal sensitivity was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the diabetic group than in the control group. Tear film BUT was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) in the diabetic group than in the control group. Total and basal tear secretions were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the diabetic group when compared to control group. The present study indicates that in patients with Type II diabetes, there is a decreased corneal sensitivity, decreased tear stability and secretion, suggesting an ocular surface disease. Early examination of the diabetic patients for the detection of the ocular surface disorders is indicated
What Questions Do Families of Patients With Early-Stage Prostate Cancer Want Answered?

The study was designed to determine the questions that family members of recently diagnosed early-stage prostate cancer patients want addressed and to compare their information priorities with the patient’s priorities. Surveys were distributed to families of 38 patients who had also been surveyed. Respondents judged the importance of each of 93 questions (essential/desired/no opinion/avoid). Twenty-two (58%) family members responded. Most respondents rated most questions as essential (mean: 51 of 93 questions); however, overall, agreement on question ratings was poor (mean agreement: 42.5%, kappa: 0.19). Agreement between a patient and his family member was only slightly better (mean: 56.4%). A core set of 29 questions was identified that most (> 67%) respondents agreed were essential. Although a core set of important questions could be identified, that core would not cover most family members’ essential information needs. The information priorities of the patient often differ from those of his family.
Elderly patients and the Mental Health Act 1983

A retrospective casenote review was performed on all patients over 65 years of age in one health district who were detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 during the first 6 years of its operation. There were 132 episodes of detention affecting 120 patients. Fifty‐three percent were for organic illness and 47% for functional illness. The organically ill were detained most commonly because the carer was no longer able to cope or, for those living alone, because of self‐neglect. The functionally ill were most commonly detained in the interests of their health only. The majority (52/64) of patients with dementia were not discharged to their previous address after being detained, most of these (29/64) being discharged to residential care. Twenty‐seven percent of the whole sample died within a year of being detained, a rate higher than that in the general population. Only nine tribunals were held in the study period.
Tissue Engineering in the Vasculature

Tissue engineering holds great promise to address complications and limitations encountered with the use of traditional prosthetic materials, such as thrombogenicity, infection, and future degeneration which represent the major morbidity and mortality after device implant surgery. The general concept of tissue engineering consists of three main components: a scaffold material, a cell type for seeding the scaffold, and biochemical, physio‐chemical signaling and remodeling process. This remodeling process is guided by cell signals derived from both seeded cells and host inflammatory cells that infiltrate the scaffold and deposit extracellular matrix, forming the neotissue. Vascular tissue engineering is at the forefront in the translation of this technology to clinical practice, as tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have now been successfully implanted in children with congenital heart disease. In this report, we review the history, advances, and state of the art in TEVGs. Anat Rec, 297:83–97. 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pilot Study for Reconstruction of Soft Tissues: Muscle Cross‐Sectional Area of the Forearm Estimated from Cortical Bone for a Neolithic Sample

On a basis of a method for muscle cross‐sectional area estimation from cortical bone area that was previously developed (Slizewski et al. Anat Rec 2013; 296:1695–1707), we reconstructed muscle cross‐sectional area at 65% of radius length for a sample of Neolithic human remains from the Linear Pottery Culture (ca. 5,700–4,900 years BC). Muscle cross‐sectional area estimations for the Neolithic sample were compared to in vivo measurements from a recent human sample. Results demonstrate that the Neolithic individuals had larger muscle cross‐sectional area relative to radius length than the contemporary humans and that their forearms were more muscular and robust. We also found significant differences in relative muscle cross‐sectional area between Neolithic and recent children that indicate different levels of physical stress and isometric activities. Our results fit into the framework of studies previously published about the sample and the Linear Pottery Culture. Therefore, the new approach was successfully applied to an archaeological sample for the first time here. Results of our pilot study indicate that muscle cross‐sectional area estimation could in the future supplement other anthropological methods currently in use for the analysis of postcranial remains. Anat Rec, 297:1103–1114, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D Geometry and Quantitative Variation of the Cervico‐Thoracic Region in Crocodylia

This study aims to interpret the axial patterning of the crocodylian neck, and to find a potential taxonomic signal that corresponds to vertebral position. Morphological variation in the cervico‐thoracic vertebrae is compared in fifteen different crocodylian species using 3D geometric morphometric methods. Multivariate analysis indicated that the pattern of intracolumnar variation was a gradual change in shape of the vertebral series (at the parapophyses, diapophyses, prezygapohyses, and postzygapohyses), in the cervical (C3 to C9) and dorsal (D1‐D2) regions which was quite conservative among the crocodylians studied. In spite of this, we also found that intracolumnar shape variation allowed differentiation between two sub regions of the crocodylian neck. Growth is subtly correlated with vertebral shape variation, predicting changes in both the vertebral centrum and the neural spine. Interestingly, the allometric scaling for the pooled sample is equivalently shared by each vertebra studied. However, there were significant taxonomic differences, both in the average shape of the entire neck configuration (regional variation) and by shape variation at each vertebral position (positional variation) among the necks. The average neck vertebra of crocodylids is characterized by a relatively cranio‐caudally short neural arch, whereby the spine is relatively longer and pointed orthogonal to the frontal plane. Conversely, the average vertebra in alligatorids has cranio‐caudally longer neural spine and arch, with a relatively (dorso‐ventrally) shorter spine. At each vertebral position there are significant differences between alligatorids and crocodylids. We discuss that the delayed timing of neurocentral fusion in Alligatoridae possibly explains the observed taxonomic differences. Anat Rec, 297:1278–1291, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematization, Description, and Territory of the Caudal Cerebral Artery in Surface of the Brain of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus)

Brain specimens from 30 ostriches were injected with red‐dyed latex via the internal carotid arteries, and the caudal cerebral arteries and their branches were systematically described. On the right side, the caudal cerebral artery was double‐, triple‐, quadruple‐, and single‐branched in 73.5%, 23.3%, 3.3%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively; on the left side, it was double‐, triple‐, quadruple‐, and single‐branched in 76.7%, 20%, 3.3%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively. The dorsal tectal mesencephalic artery appeared as a single vessel in 96.7% of cases, emerging as a collateral branch of the caudal cerebral artery. The dorsal mesencephalic tectal artery originated from the right dorsal cerebellar artery in 40% of cases and from the left side in 63.3% of cases. On the right side, there were four and three medial occipital hemispheric branches in 46.7% and 20% of cases, respectively; on the left side, there were four and three branches in 30% and 26.7% of cases. On the right side, the pineal artery was double‐, single‐, triple‐, and quadruple‐branched in 50%, 23.3%, 20%, and 6.7% of cases, respectively; on the left side, this artery was double‐, single‐, triple‐, and quadruple‐branched in 50%, 23.3%, 16.7%, and 10% of cases, respectively. The diencephalic artery was on the right side in 43.3% of cases and on the left side in 56.7% of cases. The interhemispheric artery was on the right side in 56.7% of cases and on the left side in 43.3% of cases; four, three, two, five, and one dorsal hemispheric trunks branched off of the interhemispheric artery in 40%, 40%, 10%, 6.7%, and 26.7% of cases, respectively. The caudal cerebral artery was classified as Type I in 56.7% of cases (subtype IA in 33.3% of cases and IB in 23.3% of cases), Type II in 40% of cases (subtype IIA in 20% of cases and IIB in 20% of cases), and Type III in 3.3% of cases. Anat Rec, 297:1523–1531, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making decisions in the management of perinatal depression and anxiety

The care of women with anxiety and depressive disorders in the perinatal period is complex. The literature in this field is vast and may be difficult for busy clinicians to keep abreast of. The first part of this article provides an overview of the potential risks and benefits of treatment options, including no treatment, at various stages in the perinatal period. The second part explores the frameworks which may assist clinicians in decision-making with their pregnant patients, including risk–benefit analysis, ethical considerations, evaluating capacity, and mental health legislation. The common pitfalls and limitations of these approaches are examined to guide good practice.
Myosin Isoform Expression in the Prehensile Tails of Didelphid Marsupials: Functional Differences Between Arboreal and Terrestrial Opossums

Prehensile tails are defined as having the ability to grasp objects and are commonly used as a fifth appendage during arboreal locomotion. Despite the independent evolution of tail prehensility in numerous mammalian genera, data relating muscle structure, physiology, and function of prehensile tails are largely incomplete. Didelphid marsupials make an excellent model to relate myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform fiber type with structure/function of caudal muscles, as all opossums have a prehensile tail and tail use varies between arboreal and terrestrial forms. Expanding on our previous work in the Virginia opossum, this study tests the hypothesis that arboreal and terrestrial opossums differentially express faster versus slower MHC isoforms, respectively. MHC isoform expression and percent fiber type distribution were determined in the flexor caudae longus (FCL) muscle of Caluromys derbianus (arboreal) and Monodelphis domestica (terrestrial), using a combination of gel electrophoresis and immunohistochemistry analyses. C. derbianus expresses three MHC isoforms (1, 2A, 2X) that are distributed (mean percentage) as 8.2% MHC‐1, 2.6% 1/2A, and 89.2% 2A/X hybrid fibers. M. domestica also expresses MHC‐1, 2A, and 2X, in addition to the 2B isoform, distributed as 17.0% MHC‐1, 1.3% 1/2A, 9.0% 2A, 75.2% 2A/X, and 0.3% 2X/B hybrid fibers. The distribution of similar isoform fiber types differed significantly between species (P < 0.001). Although not statistically significant, C. derbianus was observed to have larger cross‐sectional area (CSA) for each corresponding fiber type along with a greater amount of extra‐cellular matrix. An overall faster fiber type composition (and larger fibers) in the tail of an arboreal specialist supports our hypothesis, and correlates with higher muscle force required for tail hanging and arboreal maneuvering on terminal substrates. Conversely, a broader distribution of highly oxidative fibers in the caudal musculature is well suited for tail nest building/remodeling behaviors of terrestrial opossums. Anat Rec, 297:1364–1376, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SMYD Proteins: Key Regulators in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Development and Function

Muscle fibers are composed of myofibrils, one of the most highly ordered macromolecular assemblies in cells. Recent studies demonstrate that members of the Smyd family play critical roles in myofibril assembly of skeletal and cardiac muscle during development. The Smyd family consists of five members including Smyd1, Smyd2, Smyd3, Smyd4, and Smyd5. They share two highly conserved structural and functional domains, namely the SET and MYND domains involved in lysine methylation and protein‐protein interaction, respectively. Smyd1 is specifically expressed in muscle cells under the regulation of myogenic transcriptional factors of the MyoD and Mef2 families and the serum responsive factor. Loss of function studies reveal that Smyd1 is required for cardiomyogenesis and sarcomere assembly in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Smyd2, on another hand, is dispensable for heart development in mice. However, Smyd2 appears to play a role in myofilament organization in both skeletal and cardiac muscles via Hsp90 methylation. A Drosophila Smyd4 homologue is a muscle‐specific transcriptional modulator involved in the development or function of adult muscle. The molecular mechanisms by which Smyd family proteins function in muscle cells are not well understood. It has been suggested that members of the Smyd family may use multiple mechanisms to control muscle development and cell differentiation, including transcriptional regulation, epigenetic regulation via histone methylation, and methylation of proteins other than histones, such as molecular chaperone Hsp90. Anat Rec, 297:1650–1662, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.