Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TypeTester : A Case Study of Behavioral Data Collection Using a Smartphone Platform

Interest in leveraging smartphone technology for scientific data collection has increased significantly in recent years. Mobile platforms have now been employed to investigate a variety of physiological and behavioral phenomena. Here we add to this rapidly growing body of work, using a specially designed mobile application to collect data on text legibility using a paradigm that mirrors established laboratory methods. Lexical decision data (an established proxy for text legibility) were collected from a smartphone platform over the course of several months, ultimately resulting in a sample of trials equivalent to a moderately sized lab experiment. Two typefaces (Frutiger and Eurostile) were tested in both positive and negative polarities. Results suggest that the participant sample was highly motivated and willing to participate in periodic task probes during an engagement period of 1-2 weeks. Consistent with previous work, positive polarity text was read more easily than negative polarity, and response accuracy rose with display duration. However, no significant effects were observed for typeface (i.e., comparing Eurostile to Frutiger) under the testing conditions. Although the application successfully collected activity state and illumination for a majority of trials, sampling rates were insufficient to make comparisons along these dimensions. There was also some concern that the application framework may not present stimuli with reliable timing. Given the relatively small sample size of this initial investigation and the uncontrolled experiment setting, the results suggest that there is substantive potential for this approach as a viable platform for experimental data collection. The trade-offs inherent in a mobile data collection are substantial, and are discussed in detail for this project.
Option W xation : A cognitive contributor to overcon W dence

The ASC model of choice and conWdence in general knowledge proposes that respondents Wrst Assess the familiarity of presented options, and then use the high-familiarity option as a retrieval cue to Search memory for the purposes of Constructing an explanation about why that high-familiarity option is true. The ASC process implies that overconWdence results in part from a tendency to Wxate on the high-familiarity option, to the neglect of the other option. If this implication is true, then judgment tasks requiring respondents to evaluate each option independently should result in reduced overconWdence as compared with standard judgment tasks. Two experiments tested this implication, and found that conWdence and overconWdence were reduced when respondents evaluated options independently. The Wndings support the proposal that option Wxation contributes to overconWdence, and also clarify the limitations of random error explanations of overconWdence. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Frequency of Different Microorganisms Grown from Each Group Microorganisms Perianal Abscesses Pilonidal Abscesses Breast Abscesses Axillary Abscesses Groin Abscesses

The aim of this study was to assess the role of the routine practice of microbial culture and sensitivity at incision and drainage of superficial soft tissue abscesses. The case notes of 162 consecutive patients, selected from the microbiology database over a period of 1 year, were reviewed. All had incision and drainage of superficial soft tissue abscesses and included perianal, pilonidal, axillary, and breast abscesses. Patients with chronic wounds, recurrent abscesses, diabetes, pregnancy, and immunosuppression were excluded. The impact of pus culture and sensitivity (C/S) on management and clinical outcome was documented. Out of 162 patients, 97 were male (59.8%) and 65 were female (40.1%). Only 115 (70.9%) yielded positive cultures and 47 (29.1%) were sterile. The cultured microbial flora was predictable and sensitive to empirical antibiotics. In four patients, the results of microbial culture sensitivity showed microbial resistance to empirical antibiotics; however, it did not affect the management or the outcome for these patients. The routine practice of sending swabs for C/S after incision and drainage of superficial soft tissue abscesses does not contribute significantly towards patient management. Most patients are already on antibiotics prior to the referral and in the remainder, surgeons start antibiotics empirically. These broad-spectrum antibiotics cover the common pathogens involved, and there is no significant change in the antibiotic treatment after reviewing the culture reports following incision and drainage of uncomplicated superficial skin abscesses.
If only I could borrow more ! Production and consumption credit constraints in the Philippines

This paper provides a new approach to analyzing credit constraints by differentiating which of the household's production and consumption decisions are affected by credit constraints. It also provides a first attempt to estimate of the extent and determinants of credit constraints in the Philippines. Based on direct questions on households' experiences in credit markets, we estimate the percentage of credit-constrained households at 65%. The lack of credit constrained the level of agricultural production of 37% of the farming households ; it also constrained the level of family business production of 31% of the households operating such businesses. Credit constraints also limited consumption choices of 21% of the sample households. We found that the presence of credit programs operating in the village and proximity to commercial banks and rural banks reduced the probability of credit constraints in production decisions. Further, some types of households are more likely to experience credit constraints. These are the households with little education, households that own little or no titled land and sugar-producing households.
An Estimable Model of Income Redistribution in a Federation : Musgrave

We develop a theory of cross-border income shifting in response to subnational personal taxation in a federation and examine its implications for the excess burden of personal taxes. We show how a properly-chosen federal tax rate can offset the fiscal externality between states and facilitate decentralization, even in a heterogeneous federation where unitary taxation is suboptimal. Optimal taxes depend on the elasticities of national tax avoidance and of cross-state tax base shifting. We estimate these elasticities around a tax decentralization reform in Canada, finding both to be empirically relevant. We discuss the implications for optimal federalism. JEL-Codes: H200.
Integration of Travel Agencies with other Supply Chain Members: Impact on Efficiency

Abstract The performance of tourism supply chains depends on the efficiency of all members involved, including the travel agencies. The paper addresses the analysis of relationships between the agencies’ external integration with other supply chain members on one side, and the efficiency of the agencies on the other. The data envelopment analysis is applied for the estimation of efficiencies, while the structural equation modelling (SEM) is conducted for identification of possible integration impacts on the efficiency. Results show that integration with other supply chain members indeed has some positive impacts on the agencies’ efficiency. Also, the developed SEM model implies that in-depth forms of collaboration would enable more effective exploitation of the identified relations between the integration and efficiency of the agencies. This finding could be an important guideline for the agencies’ management in the sense of achieving more satisfied customers and bigger profits, as well as reduced operational costs.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube instillation impairs pulmonary function in C 57 BL / 6 mice

Background: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are widely used in many disciplines due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore, some concerns about the possible human health and environmental impacts of manufactured MWCNTs are rising. We hypothesized that instillation of MWCNTs impairs pulmonary function in C57BL/6 mice due to development of lung inflammation and fibrosis. Methods: MWCNTs were administered to C57BL/6 mice by oropharyngeal aspiration (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) and we assessed lung inflammation and fibrosis by inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen content, and histological assessment. Pulmonary function was assessed using a FlexiVent system and levels of Ccl3, Ccl11, Mmp13 and IL-33 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: Mice administered MWCNTs exhibited increased inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and granuloma formation in lung tissue, which correlated with impaired pulmonary function as assessed by increased resistance, tissue damping, and decreased lung compliance. Pulmonary exposure to MWCNTs induced an inflammatory signature marked by cytokine (IL-33), chemokine (Ccl3 and Ccl11), and protease production (Mmp13) that promoted the inflammatory and fibrotic changes observed within the lung. Conclusions: These results further highlight the potential adverse health effects that may occur following MWCNT exposure and therefore we suggest these materials may pose a significant risk leading to impaired lung function following environmental and occupational exposures.
Can you tell me if it smells?: A study on how developers discuss code smells and anti-patterns in Stack Overflow

This paper investigates how developers discuss code smells and anti-patterns over Stack Overflow to understand better their perceptions and understanding of these two concepts. Understanding developers' perceptions of these issues are important in order to inform and align future research efforts and direct tools vendors in the area of code smells and anti-patterns. In addition, such insights could lead the creation of solutions to code smells and anti-patterns that are better fit to the realities developers face in practice. We applied both quantitative and qualitative techniques to analyse discussions containing terms associated with code smells and anti-patterns. Our findings show that developers widely use Stack Overflow to ask for general assessments of code smells or anti-patterns, instead of asking for particular refactoring solutions. An interesting finding is that developers very often ask their peers 'to smell their code' (i.e., ask whether their own code 'smells' or not), and thus, utilize Stack Overflow as an informal, crowd-based code smell/anti-pattern detector. We conjecture that the crowd-based detection approach considers contextual factors, and thus, tends to be more trusted by developers over automated detection tools. We also found that developers often discuss the downsides of implementing specific design patterns, and 'flag' them as potential anti-patterns to be avoided. Conversely, we found discussions on why some anti-patterns previously considered harmful should not be flagged as anti-patterns. Our results suggest that there is a need for: 1) more context-based evaluations of code smells and anti-patterns, and 2) better guidelines for making trade-offs when applying design patterns or eliminating smells/anti-patterns in industry.
Influence Analysis of Managerial Ownership and Institutional Ownership on Firm Performance in Indonesia Stock Exchange

This paper aims to be involved in such trends through examining the link between managerial ownership and institutional ownership as one of the important firm performance mechanisms. This research took 7 non-financial companies in the index LQ45 within period 2013-2017. This research used panel data regression method with random effect model. Significance level used in this research is 5% or 0.05. The result of this research show that all independent variable simultaneously effects the firm performance (market share) on non-financial company listed in LQ45 within period 2013-2017. Therefore, based on the partial test, the finding revealed that managerial ownership has a negative impact on firm performance. On the other hand, there is no evidence to support the impact of institutional ownership on firm performance. The findings also revealed that firm size as control variable has a positive impact on firm performance.
PREVALENCE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN BOVINE MASTITIC MILK AND DAIRY FARM ENVIRONMENT

Listeria spp. cause abortion, stillbirths, neonatal septicaemia and encephalitis in human beings and domestic animals. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes from bovine mastitic milk and in dairy farm environment. A total of 500 samples which included 100 mastitic milk (clinical and subclinical), 50 soil, 50 dung, 50 fodder, 50 water, 50 handwash and 50 udder wash samples were collected from dairy farms of three different panchayaths namely Thariyode, Porhuthana and Kalpetta municipality of Wayanad district, Kerala. Out of 500 samples, L. monocytogenes was isolated from six (six per cent) mastitic milk, three (three per cent) dung, three (six per cent) udder wash, two (four per cent) milker’s hand wash, five (10 per cent) fodder, seven (14per cent) soil and two (four per cent) water samples. A total of 28 (5.60 per cent) samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. The observations made during the visit to the farm and the results revealed that milk is getting contaminated with the L. monocytogenes mainly from environmental samples rather than the animal being a source of infection.
Discrete Model-Predictive-Control-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV Systems: Overview and Evaluation

The main objective of this work is to provide an overview and evaluation of discrete model-predictive control (MPC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic systems. A large number of MPC-based MPPT methods have been recently introduced in the literature with very promising performance; however, an in-depth investigation and comparison of these methods has not been carried out yet. Therefore, this paper has set out to provide an in-depth analysis and evaluation of MPC-based MPPT methods applied to various common power converter topologies. The performance of MPC-based MPPT is directly linked with the converter topology, and it is also affected by the accurate determination of the converter parameters; sensitivity to converter parameter variations is also investigated. The static and dynamic performance of the trackers is assessed according to the EN 50530 standard, using detailed simulation models, and validated by experimental tests. The analysis in this work aims to present useful insight for practicing engineers and academic researchers when selecting the maximum power point tracker for their application.
Concerning the CYP 17 MSPA 1 polymorphism and breast cancer risk : a meta-analysis

Feigelson and colleagues have raised some important points concerning the selection of the data sets and the application of meta-analysis to resolve some of the problems associated with determining the relationships between metabolic polymorphisms and susceptibility to various disease conditions. In recent years, many meta-analyses have been published with the aim of providing more objective and quantitative summaries of genetic association studies (Lau et al., 1998; Dunning et al., 1999; de Jong et al., 2001). However, there are always concerns that combining studies with different degrees of bias and studies of different quality may produce different conclusions (Lau et al., 1998). Feigelson et al. argue in their letter that meta-analysis is not the best approach to resolve possible CYP17–breast cancer associations because of the different experimental designs and the mixtures of age and ethnicities in the data sets. In our paper table I (Ye and Parry, 2002) illustrates that many of the individual studies are of limited size and thus lack the power to clarify a possible CYP17–breast cancer association. Thus, we attempted to reduce this lack of power by combining data sets in a meta-analysis. In our paper we attempted to carefully evaluate the nature of the available data, including factors such as duplications, familial disease and male breast cancer studies. Before the studies were pooled for analysis, tests for heterogeneity across the studies were performed and they indicated no evidence of heterogeneity between the individual studies that were related to CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism. This indicated that the data from the selected studies were suitable for pooled analysis using the Mantel–Haenszel method (Mantel and Haenszel, 1959). The results of our meta-analyses have been strongly supported by a recent study of de Jong et al. (2002). Their meta-analysis of 10 CYP17 MspA1 studies indicated that overall odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer associated with the combined variant and the homozygous genotype were 0.99 (95% CI 0.88–1.11) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.89–1.23), respectively, which were similar to the results of our pooled analyses across 15 studies. In our paper the overall ORs of breast cancer susceptibility associated with the combined variant and the homozygous genotype were 0.98 (95% CI 0.89–1.07) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.87–1.21), respectively. Although Feigelson et al. appreciate that differences in ages and ethnic groups may impact on the evaluation of the CYP17– breast cancer association, they combined different ethnic
Related Work 2 . 1 Visual Saliency Prediction Saliency maps

We introduce PathGAN, a deep neural network for visual scanpath prediction trained on adversarial examples. A visual scanpath is defined as the sequence of fixation points over an image defined by a human observer with its gaze. PathGAN is composed of two parts, the generator and the discriminator. Both parts extract features from images using off-the-shelf networks, and train recurrent layers to generate or discriminate scanpaths accordingly. In scanpath prediction, the stochastic nature of the data makes it very difficult to generate realistic predictions using supervised learning strategies, but we adopt adversarial training as a suitable alternative. Our experiments prove how PathGAN improves the state of the art of visual scanpath prediction on the iSUN and Salient360! datasets.
Social capital and large-scale agricultural investments: An experimental investigation in Zambia

Large-scale agricultural investments (LSAIs) typically depend on strong formal institutions and market-oriented intensive farming, whereas informal institutions tend to characterize the traditional villages located around them. We investigate changes to social capital in such villages when LSAIs materialize in their vicinity. Specifically, we employ a lab-in-the-field and a natural field experiment to elicit cooperation levels in villages that lie in the direct proximity of two LSAIs and compare them to villages further away. Our results reveal more cooperative outcomes for villages around the LSAIs. Smallholders who have worked on large-scale farms also show greater levels of cooperation than those who have no such work experience. Moreover, villages closer to the LSAIs demonstrate a higher propensity to share the public good provided in the natural field experiment. Taken together, these results suggest that beyond direct effects on employment, LSAIs yield positive externalities on cooperation, which are likely to be driven by increased exposure to more market-oriented forms of agriculture.
Silicate mineral dissolution during heap bioleaching

Silicate minerals are present in association with metal sulfides in ores and their dissolution occurs when the sulfide minerals are bioleached in heaps for metal recovery. It has previously been suggested that silicate mineral dissolution can affect mineral bioleaching by acid consumption, release of trace elements, and increasing the viscosity of the leach solution. In this study, the effect of silicates present in three separate samples in conjunction with chalcopyrite and a complex multi‐metal sulfide ore on heap bioleaching was evaluated in column bioreactors. Fe2+ oxidation was inhibited in columns containing chalcopyrite samples A and C that leached 1.79 and 1.11 mM fluoride, respectively but not in sample B that contained 0.14 mM fluoride. Microbial Fe2+ oxidation inhibition experiments containing elevated fluoride concentrations and measurements of fluoride release from the chalcopyrite ores supported that inhibition of Fe2+ oxidation during column leaching of two of the chalcopyrite ores was due to fluoride toxicity. Column bioleaching of the complex sulfide ore was carried out at various temperatures (7–50°C) and pH values (1.5–3.0). Column leaching at pH 1.5 and 2.0 resulted in increased acid consumption rates and silicate dissolution such that it became difficult to filter the leach solutions and for the leach liquor to percolate through the column. However, column temperature (at pH 2.5) only had a minor effect on the acid consumption and silicate dissolution rates. This study demonstrates the potential negative impact of silicate mineral dissolution on heap bioleaching by microbial inhibition and liquid flow. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 811–820. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective Fall-Risk Prediction Models for Older Adults Based on Wearable Sensors

Wearable sensors can provide quantitative, gait-based assessments that can translate to point-of-care environments. This investigation generated elderly fall-risk predictive models based on wearable-sensor-derived gait data and prospective fall occurrence, and identified the optimal sensor type, location, and combination for single and dual-task walking. 75 individuals who reported six month prospective fall occurrence (75.2 ± 6.6 years; 47 non-fallers and 28 fallers) walked 7.62 m under single-task and dual-task conditions while wearing pressure-sensinginsoles and tri-axial accelerometers at the head, pelvis, and left and right shanks. Fall-risk classificationmodels were assessed for all sensor combinations and three model types: neural network, naïve Bayesian, and support vector machine. The best performing model used a neural network, dual-task gait data, and input parameters from head, pelvis, and left shank accelerometers (accuracy = 57%, sensitivity = 43%, and specificity = 65%). The best single-sensor model used a neural network, dual-task gait data, and pelvis accelerometer parameters (accuracy = 54%, sensitivity = 35%, and specificity = 67%). Single-task and dual-task gait assessments provided similar fall-risk model performance. Fall-risk predictive models developed for point-of-care environments should use multi-sensor dual-task gait assessment with the pelvis location considered if assessment is limited to a single sensor.