Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A population-based study of 135 lymphomas after solid organ transplantation: The role of Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype in clinical presentation and survival

Abstract Background. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a major role in the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), but there is an increasing awareness of EBV-negative PTLD. The clinical presentation of EBV-negative PTLD has not been as well characterised as EBV-positive cases. Further, there is limited knowledge on the clinical importance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell of origin subtype post-transplant. Materials and methods. We studied the role of EBV, hepatitis C (HCV) and DLBCL subtype in clinical presentation and survival in 135 post-transplant lymphomas diagnosed 1980–2006 in a population-based cohort of 10 010 Swedish solid organ transplant recipients. The lymphomas were re-evaluated according to WHO 2008, examined for EBV, and clinical data were collected from medical records. Results. Lymphoma incidence rate was 159/100 000 person-years and is also reported by lymphoma subtype. EBV-negative lymphomas constituted 48% and were associated with HCV infection (p = 0.02), bone marrow involvement (p < 0.001), and T-cell phenotype (p = 0.002). Among DLBCL, 78% were of non-germinal centre subtype, which was associated with EBV-positivity (69%, p = 0.001), early occurrence (p = 0.03), heart/liver/lung/pancreas recipients (p = 0.02), anti-T-cell globulin (p = 0.001), and tacrolimus treatment (p = 0.02). DLBCL subtypes had similar overall survival. Five-year overall survival was 42% in all treated patients. Independent poor prognostic factors were older age, B symptoms, ECOG 2-4, kidney/pancreas/heart recipients, T-cell lymphoma, and HCV-infection. Conclusions. With long follow-up, a large part of PTLD is EBV-negative, due to a high proportion of T-cell lymphomas and low of polymorphic PTLD. EBV-negative PTLD have a different clinical presentation. HCV may play an aetiological role in late-onset PTLD and was revealed as a new prognostic factor for inferior survival that needs to be confirmed in larger studies. The heavier immunosuppression in non-kidney transplantations seems to play a role in the development of non-germinal centre DLBCL. DLBCL cell of origin subtype lacks prognostic importance in the transplant setting.
ASYMPTOTIC REPRESENTATION OF RATIO STATISTICS AND THEIR MEAN SQUARED ERRORS

Some statistics in common use take a form of a ratio of two statistics such as sample correlation coefficient, Pearson’s coefficient of variation and so on. In this paper, obtaining an asymptotic representation of the ratio statistic until the third order term, we will discuss asymptotic mean squared errors of the ratio statistics. We will also discuss bias correction of the sample correlation coefficient and the sample coefficient of variation. Mean squared errors of the corrected estimators are also obtained.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β controls nephron tubular development

Nephron morphogenesis is a complex process that generates blood-filtration units (glomeruli) connected to extremely long and patterned tubular structures. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) is a divergent homeobox transcription factor that is expressed in kidney from the first steps of nephrogenesis. Mutations in HNF1B (OMIM #137920) are frequently found in patients with developmental renal pathologies, the mechanisms of which have not been completely elucidated. Here we show that inactivation of Hnf1b in the murine metanephric mesenchyme leads to a drastic tubular defect characterized by the absence of proximal, distal and Henle's loop segments. Nephrons were eventually characterized by glomeruli, with a dilated urinary space, directly connected to collecting ducts via a primitive and short tubule. In the absence of HNF1β early nephron precursors gave rise to deformed S-shaped bodies characterized by the absence of the typical bulge of epithelial cells at the bend between the mid and lower segments. The lack of this bulge eventually led to the absence of proximal tubules and Henle's loops. The expression of several genes, including Irx1, Osr2 and Pou3f3, was downregulated in the S-shaped bodies. We also observed decreased expression of Dll1 and the consequent defective activation of Notch in the prospective tubular compartment of comma- and S-shaped bodies. Our results reveal a novel hierarchical relationship between HNF1β and key genes involved in renal development. In addition, these studies define a novel structural and functional component of S-shaped bodies at the origin of tubule formation.
The Complementarity Between Community and Government in Enforcing Norms and Contracts, and Their Interaction with Religion and Corruption

We investigate the complementarity between informal communities and formal government enforcement of norms of reciprocation and exchange. We introduce a model in which people exchange informally within their community as well as externally on a market. We show that informal community and formal enforcement are complements: the news that someone was convicted of cheating on the market leads that person to be ostracized by their community, bolstering incentives. Although transactions within a community can be less directly beneficial than those on a wider market, doing some transactions within a community and others on a formal market lowers overall costs of enforcement and is still welfare-enhancing compared to either extreme for a wide range of costs of formal enforcement. We also show that religion can enhance the complementarity between community and formal enforcement, while corruption undermines it.
Coopetition Disadvantages: The Case of the High Tech Companies

Coopetition (simultaneous cooperation and competition between competitors) is rapidly becoming a key success factor for enterprises operating in the contemporary business world. The literature on coopetition characterizes these relationships mostly in the context of the benefits achieved; however, coopetition is fraught with threats arising mainly from both the coexistence and interaction of streams of cooperation and competition between competitors. Research on a sample of 235 companies operating in the high technology sector (HT) in Poland has shown that there are a number of risks accompanying coopetition. The most common amongst them are the low efficiency of activities and goals pursued (statistically significant for all the activities of the value chain as areas of cooperation). The areas of coopetition that are most exposed to risk are sales and distribution, logistics and finance (nine out of 12 risks analyzed). Due to the similarity of the frequency of occurrence of particular threats to coopetition, and using the method of cluster analysis, four groups of value chain areas with similar risks have been identified. The first such group is finance and marketing, the second is sales and production, the third is human resources and logistics, and finally the fourth is information technology, purchasing inputs and R&D. When selecting the area of competitive cooperation corresponding to the individual clusters of the value chain activities, one may expect the occurrence of similar threats to coopetition. The research findings allow interested parties to predict threats to coopetition when choosing specific areas of cooperation and thus an extension to cooperation between competitors which will not increase the quantity of these threats. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 28.5. 16421
A Prospective Study to Analyze the Accuracy of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in differentiating causes of acute right lower quadrant pain in women of childbearing age by taking surgical outcome as the gold standard. Methods: The descriptive, analytical study was conducted at the Lord Buddha Medical College, Saharsa, from July to November 2014 to April 2015, and comprised female patients of childbearing age who presented with acute right lower quadrant pain and underwent surgery after ultrasonography. Results: Of the 50 patients enrolled in our study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 (70%) patients were symptomatically and sonographically positive to have either acutely inflamed non-compressible appendix or focal fluid collection in right lower quadrant with normal pelvic viscera. Sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 84% were calculated. Conclusion: Ultrasound had a sensitivity and specificity justifying its usage as a good diagnostic tool in emergency situations to avoid undue surgical interventions.
Balloon mitral commissurotomy for patients with mitral stenosis in atrial fibrillation: ten-year clinical and echocardiographic actuarial results.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Controversy persists as to whether atrial fibrillation (AF) has a direct negative effect on the outcome of percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy (PBMC). The study aim was to assess the effect of AF on immediate and 10-year clinical and echocardiographic actuarial results of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis undergoing PBMC. METHODS A total of 195 consecutive patients with AF (group 1) was analyzed and compared with 195 patients in sinus rhythm (group 2), matched for the severity of mitral valve morphological changes. RESULTS Group 1 patients were older (43.8 + 12 versus 30.5 +/- 12.7 years; p <0.001), and a greater proportion had grade 1 mitral regurgitation (25.1 versus 9.7%; p <0.0001). The procedural success was 89.8% in group 1 and 92.3% in group 2 (p = NS), but group 1 patients had a smaller mitral valve area (2.1 +/- 0.4 versus 2.3 +/- 0.4 cm2; p <0.0001). Patients in AF had a lower 10-year survival (91.4 versus 99.4%; p = 0.018), a lower 10-year event-free-survival (60.3 versus 70%; p = 0.02), and a lower 10-year freedom from restenosis (40 versus 66%; p = 0.048). AF was an independent predictor of overall mortality (OR = 10.79; p <0.033) and of combined events (death, redo PBMC or mitral valve surgery; OR = 1.95; p <0.012), and was a univariate predictor of restenosis (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION Patients with AF have good immediate results, but poorer long-term outcome after PBMC. AF a marker of worse prognosis in patients with mitral stenosis as it is in the general population.
Contributing to the debate: the perspectives of children on gender, achievement and literacy

There has been much debate about the underachievement of boys in the United Kingdom (UK), fuelled by continuing evidence that shows girls achieving better than boys in most exams, and boys continuing to dominate special needs education and school exclusions. Various theories have emerged, with boysâ€™ poor performance being attributed to a changing economic infrastructure, to the results of poor parenting or to innate biological differences where, for example, they are perceived as being less able than girls to learn language. In this paper, I contribute to the debate by reporting a selection of the findings from a research project in a cluster of schools, where students from Year 1 (ages 5-6) to Year 11 (ages 15-16) and their teachers were interviewed about their perceptions and attitudes to learning and gender, and were observed in the classroom. While I provide much comment about raising standards and improving classroom practice for all students, I specifically focus on underachieving boys and on literacy. Data on the perceptions of children in Years 4 and 5 (ages 8-10) are presented here. Findings relating to the Early Years children and their teachers are reported in Wood (2001) and data on patterns of interaction and response in Years 1- 8 in Myhill (2002).
Analyse numérique de l'essai pressiométrique : application à l'identification de paramètres de comportement des sols

Cette these presente une procedure permettant l'utilisation des resultats de l'essai pressiometrique pour l'identification des parametres de comportement des sols en utilisant des modeles de comportement non visqueux (c. J. S. ) et des modeles visqueux (viscoelastique non lineaire). On presente tout d'abord la methode de resolution du probleme aux limites regissant l'essai pressiometrique dans le cas de l'hypothese de deformation plane. On analyse ensuite numeriquement un certain nombre de phenomenes importants pour la qualite d'une identification (non-linearite, dilatance, remaniement, dechargement cyclique. . . ) En utilisant le modele CJS (Cambou-Jaffari-Sidoroff). Ce modele est bien adapte a la description du comportement des materiaux granulaires sous sollicitations complexes. Une procedure d'identification de certains parametres de ce modele est ensuite presentee. Cette procedure est utilisee pour identifier le comportement de divers materiaux. Pour certains de ces materiaux, des validations ont pu etre realisees sur d'autres chemins de sollicitations (essais de laboratoire). Enfin, pour tenir compte du fluage des sols dans l'interpretation de l'essai pressiometrique de longue duree, un modele rheologique viscoelastique non lineaire permettant une description correcte des phenomenes observes in situ a ete propose. Cette premiere approche de l'interpretation de l'essai pressiometrique de longue duree a ete utilisee pour identifier le comportement des couches des sites de Saint Laurent des Eaux et de Nogent sur Seine. Deux exemples d'utilisation de la procedure d'identification a partir de l'essai pressiometrique sont en outre presentes avec des comparaisons entre previsions et mesures experimentales in situ sur ouvrages (tunnel de Villejust, centrale nucleaire de Saint Laurent des Eaux)
Adolescent Ethnic Prejudice: Understanding the Effects of Parental Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Goal Promotion

ABSTRACT Based on Self-Determination Theory, the role of parental extrinsic versus intrinsic (E / I) goal promotion for adolescent ethnic prejudice and the mechanisms underlying this effect were examined in a sample of adolescents and their parents. Results indicate that paternal and maternal E / I goal promotion had a significantly positive effect on ethnic prejudice. This effect could be accounted for by differences in adolescent right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO). In addition, differences in adolescent E / I goal pursuit fully mediated the effects of parental E / I goal promotion on RWA and SDO. Finally, the effects of adolescent E / I goal pursuits on ethnic prejudice were fully mediated by RWA and SDO. Implications of these findings will be discussed.
Sexual Arousal and Lubrication Problems in Women With Clinically Diagnosed Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Preliminary Findings from the Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Registry for Women

Sexual desire and arousal difficulties are often correlated in women. However, no studies have examined characteristics of women with clinically diagnosed hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) that increase the likelihood of co-occurring arousal difficulties. The authors examined combined HSDD and arousal/ lubrication problems using baseline cross-sectional data from the HSDD Registry for Women. Their analyses were restricted to women who could be classified with certainty as having arousal or lubrication difficulties by the Female Sexual Function Index (requiring sexually activity in the past 4 weeks). Results showed that among 426 premenopausal women with HSDD, 50.2% had arousal problems, 42.5% lubrication problems, 39.0% combination, and 46.2% neither. Among 174 postmenopausal women, prevalence percentages were 58.0% arousal, 56.9% lubrication, 49.4% combined, and 34.5% neither. The strongest predictor of combined arousal/lubrication problems was self-reported severity of HSDD. Among premenopausal women, race/ethnicity, depression, and lower relationship happiness were also associated with combined arousal/lubrication problems. Among postmenopausal women, surgical menopause and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were positively associated with arousal problems. Arousal and lubrication problems were present in approximately half of this subsample of HSDD Registry participants, with distinctions in prevalence and predictors by menopausal status and type of arousal difficulty (arousal vs. lubrication).
Rupture of the diaphragm from blunt trauma.

RUPTURES of the diaphragm from blunt trauma to the abdomen or chest are unusual, but not rare injuries and are increasing in frequency. Highway accidents still head the list of causative factors, but rupture of the diaphragm may occur whenever there is a significant blow to the trunk or a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure transmitted toward the thorax. Ninety-five percent of diaphragmatic ruptures occur on the left side, apparently because the right hemidiaphragm is more protected by the liver. On rare occasions, both may be ruptured. Diagnosis The characteristic signs of diaphragmatic injury, namely, severe pain and disturbances of the mechanics of respiration, were described as early as 1579 by Ambroise Pare. Diagnosis of the acute injury is often delayed, as signs of diaphragmatic trauma are often overshadowed by those of visceral laceration or rupture, head injury, or compound injury of the extremities. Particular attention to the mechanics of
Design of shear strengths of corroded reinforced concrete beams

This paper focused on the design of shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams. Firstly, the behaviour and shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams obtained from recent experimental investigations are reviewed and summarised. Secondly, the shear strengths of corroded reinforced concrete beams are compared with those predictions obtained by other researchers. The effects of corroded stirrups on the shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams are also analysed. Generally, it is shown that the shear strength of beams increases at the early stages of stirrups corrosion. The loss in shear strength commences when the corrosion of the stirrups approximately exceeds a 10% threshold level. Finally, an empirical equation is proposed to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams with corroded stirrups. This proposed equation is in agreement with the experimental data and enables designers to take into account the effects of corroded stirrups.
Communication Effects of Field Strength and Filtration on Burst Phenomena in Aged Transformer Oil under High Non-Uniform DC field

same authors [8]. The non-uniform field is produced by using a plane-point electrode geometry which is intended to simulate actual service conditions. The effects of field strength variation, dehydration and filtration of aged oil samples on burst amplitude, relative direction, duration and repetition rate (BPM) are studied. The experimental results are presented and discussed for aged and fresh oil samples. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE
Informed Lending and the Structure of Loan Syndicates - Evidence from the European Syndicated Loan Market

In this paper, we assess the relative importance of ratings versus stock exchange listings at reducing information asymmetry using a dataset of syndicated loans to public and private firms in the U.K. for the 1996 to 2007 period. We find that the certification effect of ratings is largest for private firms and that syndicates are smallest if firms are opaque (privately held or unrated). Moreover, we find that the marginal effect of being stock exchange listed is insignificant once these firms are rated. Exploiting the heterogeneity among lenders, we find that particularly foreign bank and non-bank investors do not provide capital if firms are unrated. Our paper highlights the information produced by rating agencies as important mechanism by which ratings improve access to capital. Our results also emphasize the importance of syndicate moral hazard on the supply of uninformed capital in this market: bank-borrower relationships significantly increase the loan share syndicated to investors in high information asymmetry environments.
Repression of the Inhibin α-Subunit Gene by the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein-β

Inhibin is a dimeric peptide hormone produced in ovarian granulosa cells that suppresses FSH synthesis and secretion in the pituitary. Expression of inhibin α- and β-subunit genes in the rodent ovary is positively regulated by FSH and negatively regulated after the preovulatory LH surge. We have investigated the role of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) in repressing the inhibin α-subunit gene. C/EBPβ knockout mice fail to appropriately down-regulate inhibin α-subunit mRNA levels after treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin, indicating that C/EBPβ may function to repress inhibin gene expression. The expression and regulation of C/EBPβ were examined in rodent ovary, and these studies show that C/EBPβ is expressed in ovary and granulosa cells and is induced in response to human chorionic gonadotropin. Transient cotransfections with an inhibin promoter-luciferase reporter in a mouse granulosa cell line, GRMO2 cells, show that C/EBPβ is capable of repressing both basal an.
[Psychomotor profile of children between 5 and 12 years of age, clinically diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Colombia].

INTRODUCTION One of the comorbid alterations of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects motricity, to the point where the quality of motor performance during the first 5-6 years of life could constitute a predictor of the later appearance of symptoms of the disorder. Moreover, the association between motor clumsiness and ADHD results in a poorer prognosis of the condition. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the evolution of motricity in children affected with this pathology. AIM To characterise the psychomotor profile of children between 5 and 12 years of age who were clinically diagnosed with ADHD in the town of Manizales (Colombia) and to compare it with healthy children of the same age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 846 children (422 diagnosed with ADHD and 424 healthy controls). RESULTS Although the values for all the motricity factors were within ranges that are considered to be normal, they were significantly poorer (p < 0.000) in diagnosed children at all ages. CONCLUSIONS The psychomotor profile of children diagnosed with ADHD was eupraxic and is classified within the same category as the healthy children, although quantitatively it was lower.
Effects of early-life competition and maternal nutrition on telomere lengths in wild meerkats

Early-life adversity can affect health, survival and fitness later in life, and recent evidence suggests that telomere attrition may link early conditions with their delayed consequences. Here, we investigate the link between early-life competition and telomere length in wild meerkats. Our results show that, when multiple females breed concurrently, increases in the number of pups in the group are associated with shorter telomeres in pups. Given that pups from different litters compete for access to milk, we tested whether this effect is due to nutritional constraints on maternal milk production, by experimentally supplementing females' diets during gestation and lactation. While control pups facing high competition had shorter telomeres, the negative effects of pup number on telomere lengths were absent when maternal nutrition was experimentally improved. Shortened pup telomeres were associated with reduced survival to adulthood, suggesting that early-life competition for nutrition has detrimental fitness consequences that are reflected in telomere lengths. Dominant females commonly kill pups born to subordinates, thereby reducing competition and increasing growth rates of their own pups. Our work suggests that an additional benefit of infanticide may be that it also reduces telomere shortening caused by competition for resources, with associated benefits for offspring ageing profiles and longevity.