Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometric Optics for Rayleigh Wavetrains in d-Dimensional

A Rayleigh wave is a type of surface wave that propagates in the boundary of an elastic solid with traction (or Neumann) boundary conditions. Since the 1980s much work has been done on the problem of constructing a leading term in an \emph{approximate} solution to the rather complicated second-order quasilinear hyperbolic boundary value problem with fully nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions that governs the propagation of Rayleigh waves. The question has remained open whether or not this leading term approximate solution is really close in a precise sense to the exact solution of the governing equations. We prove a positive answer to this question for the case of Rayleigh wavetrains in any space dimension $d\geq 2$. The case of Rayleigh pulses in dimension $d=2$ has already been treated by Coulombel and Williams. For highly oscillatory Rayleigh wavetrains we are able to construct high-order approximate solutions consisting of the leading term plus an arbitrary number of correctors. Using those high-order solutions we then perform an error analysis which shows (among other things) that for small wavelengths the leading term is close to the exact solution in $L^\infty$ on a fixed time interval independent of the wavelength. The error analysis is carried out in a somewhat general setting and is applicable to other types of waves for which high order approximate solutions can be constructed.
Treatment of Repeat Breeding of Iraqi Buffaloes

A major problem faced by buffalo breeders and farmers include poor reproductive efficiency and prolonged intercalving intervals (Jaunadine, 1986; Singh et al. 2000). During the last few years, several studies have been attempted to treat infertility in buffaloes by using controlled internal drug release (CIDR), hormonal treatments such as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropins (Gn), estrogen and prostaglandin F (PGF2α) (Metwelly, 2001; Singh et al. 2003; Metwelly, 2006). Drost (2007) reported OvSynch protocol using CIDR inserted in buffalos at the time of the first GnRH injection (day 0). The CIDR device was removed 7 days later, at the time of PGF2α treatment (day 7). Conception rates in the control group, which did not receive progesterone, were 55.4% (36/65), and 57.5% (61/106) in the treated group which did receive progesterone (P>0.05). Ravikumar et al. (2010) used CIDR-GnRH protocol in postpartum period and found higher fertility response in the buffaloes. Jiang et al. (2003) The present study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of a treatment regime using a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device in conjunction with injections of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on conception rate of repeat-breeding Iraqi buffaloes. Data were collected from 100 buffaloes with repeat breeding in Nineveh province housed at six private dairy farms. All buffalo cows were characterized as repeat breeding of more than three natural services with regular oestrous cycles without any signs of pregnancy. Any buffalo with abnormal vaginal discharge and >12% of polymorphonuclear cells in uterine smears was excluded from this study. Buffaloes were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 25 cows each. Buffaloes in treatment 1 were injected with estradiol benzoate 1 mg and GnRH 250 μg on day 0, a CIDR in the anterior vagina from day 0 to 8, on injection with 25 mg of PGF2α on day 7 and GnRH (250 μg) on day 9. Buffaloes in treatment 2 received GnRH (250 μg) on day 0, a CIDR, from day 0 to 7 and 25 mg of PGF2α on day 7. Buffaloes in treatment 3 received a CIDR from day 0 to 7 and 25 mg of PGF2α on day 7. Treatment 4, a control group received no treatments. All buffaloes were mated during oestrus and pregnancy status was diagnosed by palpation of uterine contents at day 45. Pregnancy rates in treatments 1 to 4 were 44%, 52%, 24% and 8%, respectively. On average, Buffaloes treated with different CIDR protocols had higher pregnancy rate than control group. It could be concluded that the use of different CIDR protocols can be applied to improve fertility of repeat breeder Iraqi buffaloes.
Properties of anisotropic magnetic impurities on surfaces

Using numerical renormalization-group techniques, we study static and dynamic properties of a family of single-channel Kondo impurity models with axial magnetic anisotropy $D{S}_{z}^{2}$ terms; such models are appropriate to describe magnetic impurity atoms adsorbed on nonmagnetic surfaces, which may exhibit surface Kondo effect. We show that for positive anisotropy $D$ and for any spin $S$, the systems behave at low temperatures as regular Fermi liquids with fully compensated impurity spin. The approach to the stable fixed point depends on the value of the spin $S$ and on the ratio $D/{T}_{K}^{(0)}$, where ${T}_{K}^{(0)}$ is the Kondo temperature in the absence of the anisotropy. For $S=1$, the screening occurs in two stages if $Dl{T}_{K}^{(0)}$; the second Kondo temperature is exponentially reduced in this case. More generally, there is an effective spin-1/2 Kondo effect for any integer $S$ if $Dl{T}_{K}^{(0)}$ and for any half-integer $S$ if $Dg{T}_{K}^{(0)}$. For negative anisotropy $D$, the system is a non-Fermi liquid with residual anisotropic exchange interaction. However, the presence of transverse magnetic anisotropy $E({S}_{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{S}_{y}^{2})$ restores Fermi-liquid behavior in real systems.
Perioperative Fluids: An Evidence-Based Review

should be appropriately manipulated. But just how to achieve these end points, and whether they can be done by fluid administration, remains unclear. Our current standard therapy—cannulate a vein, give fluids to maintain blood pressure, and make up for supposed losses—has been challenged for almost a century. Canon noted that fluids administered before operative control of an injury were ineffective, an observation emphasized by Bickell and others some 70 years later. Nevertheless, standard U.S. Army protocols called for massive crystalloid resuscitation in the arena of war—especially in Vietnam—to preserve the kidneys. Thus, the Da Nang lung, or adult respiratory distress syndrome, was born.
Sulphur-coated Urea as a Source of Sulphur and an Enhanced Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Spring Wheat

Use of high analysis fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate in place of ordinary superphosphate and urea in place of ammonium sulphate over years, sulphur application to crop fields has considerably decreased, which has led to widespread sulphur deficiency in Indian soils. Hence, considering this into account a field study for two years was conducted at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to evaluate sulphur-coated urea (SCU) as a source of sulphur (S) and an enhanced efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Prilled urea (PU) coated with 4 to 5% S significantly increased wheat grain yield to the tune of 9.58 to 11.21% and nitrogen 19.06 to 23.94% and sulphur uptake 21.76 to 29.29% over prilled urea alone by wheat. However, net return and benefit: cost ratio was the highest and significant at 5% S coating onto PU. Five % SCU supplied 50% of the sulphur needs of the wheat crop and enhanced nitrogen recovery efficiency by 60% and is therefore recommended as sulphur as well as enhanced efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for wheat in Indo-Gangetic plains of India. This is an important finding considering the environmental safety by increased nitrogen recovery and also productivity in present scenario.
Organizational commitment and intention to leave among nurses: The mediating role of moral obligation

In today’s fast-paced economic competition, committed and loyal employees are important for the profit-oriented organizations to gain and sustain their competitiveness.Even for non-profit-oriented organizations like hospitals and universities, these committed and loyal employees will lead to better quality service and improved organizational performance.Thus, it is vital for the organizations to sustain employees’ commitment because once the employees’ commitments decrease, it would be difficult for organizations to retain their employees. This study investigated the relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave among nurses in Malaysian public hospitals, and determined the role of moral obligation as a mediator on the relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave.The study focused on permanent nurses working in public hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia.The results supported that organizational commitment was significantly and negatively related to intention to leave.The macro results also showed that moral obligation was a mediator in the relationships between organizational commitment and the intention to leave.The results were crucial to be looked into so that management and employers could have ample understanding and guidelines if they were to draft retention strategies.Even though many studies had been conducted on the intention to leave, most of them were conducted in developed countries and this study is believed to enhance the literature gap since it has an emphasis in the Malaysian context.
The in vivo three-dimensional form of a plant mycoplasma-like organism by the analysis of serial ultrathin sections.

Summary: Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) associated with lethal yellowing disease of coconut palms exhibited a range of different morphologies even within the same sieve element. The morphologies were revealed by graphic reconstruction from ribbons of serial ultrathin sections containing 45 sections. Five different morphotypes were recognized amongst the 120 organisms reconstructed. MLO could be saccate, erythrocyte-like, cylindrical, monili-form or filiform. The different morphotypes showed differences in linear dimensions apart from their particular morphological characteristics. Saccate MLO were generally the smallest, the maximum length being 1 μm, whilst the filiform organisms could be more than 16 μm long. The morphologies of the MLO were analogous to those now recognized as usual for Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species in vitro during the later stages of development. Comparison of the individual profile shapes used in the reconstructions with those of MLO from other diseased plants suggest that many previous interpretations of MLO morphology may have been too simple. With the insight provided by the understanding of the relationship between profile shape and three-dimensional form, the ultrastructure of individual profiles is shown to be an important indicator of form.
A Triggering Mechanism for Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones

AbstractTriggering processes for the rapidly intensifying phase of a tropical cyclone (TC) were investigated on the basis of numerical experiments using a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model. The results revealed that the rapid intensification of the simulated TC commenced following the formation of a circular cloud, which occurred about 12 h after the TC became essentially axisymmetric. The circular cloud (eyewall) evolved from a cloudy convective cell that was originally generated near the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW). The development of the convective cell in the eyewall was closely related to the radial location of the strong boundary layer convergence of axisymmetric flow. The radius of maximum convergence (RMC) was small relative to the RMW when the TC vortex was weak, which is consistent with the boundary layer theory for a rotating fluid system on a frictional surface. As the TC intensified, the RMC approached the RMW. An eyewall was very likely to form in the simulated TC when the RMC ap.
High gradient linac for proton therapy

Proposed for the first time almost 30 years ago, the research on radio frequency linacs for hadron therapy experienced a sparkling interest in the past decade. The different projects found a common ground on a relatively high rf operating frequency of 3 GHz, taking advantage of the availability of affordable and reliable commercial klystrons at this frequency. This article presents for the first time the design of a proton therapy linac, called TULIP all-linac, from the source up to 230 MeV. In the first part, we will review the rationale of linacs for hadron therapy. We then divided this paper in two main sections: first, we will discuss the rf design of the different accelerating structures that compose TULIP; second, we will present the beam dynamics design of the different linac sections.
Reading Between the Lines : Learning to Map High-level Instructions to

In this paper, we address the task of mapping high-level instructions to sequences of commands in an external environment. Processing these instructions is challenging—they posit goals to be achieved without specifying the steps required to complete them. We describe a method that fills in missing information using an automatically derived environment model that encodes states, transitions, and commands that cause these transitions to happen. We present an efficient approximate approach for learning this environment model as part of a policygradient reinforcement learning algorithm for text interpretation. This design enables learning for mapping high-level instructions, which previous statistical methods cannot handle.1
Biochemical, nutritional and haematological implications of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal as protein supplement in broiler starter diets

Freshly harvested Telfairia occidentalis matured leaves were processed by shredding, sun drying and milling. This product thereafter referred to as T. occidentalis leaf meal (TOLM) on analyses revealed (on dry matter basis) 35.14 ± 0.44% crude protein, 9.61 ± 0.01% crude fat, 12.68 ± 0.02% crude fibre, 10.87 ± 0.02% ash, 3.21 ± 0.07 kcal/g gross energy and 31.72 ± 0.57% nitrogen free extracts. Methionine and to a lesser extent, alanine, arginine, leucine, valine and aspartate were remarkably present. Traces of some anti-nutritional factors notably phytates and oxalates were detected. Dietary introduction of TOLM was at graduated levels of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. Birds kept on 15% TOLM dietary inclusion level had the highest average weight gain (WG) of 290.5 ± 12.3 g/chick. The feed conversion (FCR) and protein efficiency (PER) value of birds on 15% TOLM inclusion were similar (P > 0.05) to values obtained for the reference diet. The nitrogen utilization indices were similar (P > 0.05) for all diets. Organs weights, carcass characteristics, hematological parameters, serum and liver metabolites had similar values (P > 0.05). Results of the study suggest that inclusion levels of about 15% TOLM in broiler starter diets may be nutritionally beneficial in poultry feeding and subsequently reduce the use of the expensive animal protein sources in practical feed formulation.
Title Laryngeal Preservation in Glottic Cancer : A Comparison of Hospital Charges and Morbidity among Treatment Options Permalink

Objective. When total laryngectomy is not required, organ preservation surgery or radiotherapy is considered the standard of care for primary glottic cancer. These accepted treatment options are available for early and advanced glottic cancers due to equivalent locoregional control and survival rates. However, in today’s climate of accountable care, the financial burden of treatment choices continues to increase in significance. We therefore compared hospital charges and treatment-related morbidity between organ-preserving surgery and radiation with or without chemotherapy—herein, (chemo)radiation— [AQ: 2] in the primary treatment of glottic cancer. Study Design. Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database was analyzed to assess clinical and financial information. Setting. Population-based analysis. Subjects. Patients (N = 5499) with primary glottic cancer undergoing treatment with laryngeal preservation strategies. Methods. Patients were subdivided by ICD-9 codes into 3 treatment groups: endoscopic resection, open partial laryngectomy, and (chemo)radiation. Treatment-related outcomes, charges, and length of hospitalization were analyzed among treatment groups. Results. When adjusting for sex, age, race, comorbidity, and primary payer, (chemo)radiotherapy was associated with increased direct charges (P \.001; coefficient, $23,658.99; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: $10,227.15-$37,090.84) and length of hospitalization (P \ .001; hazard ratio, 0.593; 95% CI: 0.502-0.702) when compared with endoscopic surgery. As compared with open surgery, endoscopic surgery was associated with reduced hospital charges (P = .012; coefficient, $11,967.01; 95% CI: $2,784.17-$21,249.85) and duration of hospitalization (P \ .001; hazard ratio, 0.749; 95% CI: 0.641-0.876). Conclusions. This analysis suggests that increased utilization of endoscopic surgery in patients with primary glottic cancer not requiring total laryngectomy may lead to reduced financial burden and duration of hospitalization when compared with open surgery or (chemo)radiation therapy.
Infectivity and effectiveness of different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in micropropagated plants of Mr S 2/5 plum rootstock

Des vitroplants deprunier (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh clone Mr.S.2/5) ont ete inocules post-vitro avec 4 champignons endomycorhizogenes: Glomus mosseae, G caledonium, G coronatum et Glomus souche A6, dans le but d'evaluer les parametres d'infection. Les champignons le plus infectieux (G mosseae) et le moins infectieux (G coronatum) ont ete respectivement selectionnes et leur capacite d'influencer la croissance de vitroplants de prunier a ete evaluee. Ces 2 champignons ont un effet positif sur la croissance des plants inocules []
Variation and genetic structure of the endangered Lepus flavigularis (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

Lepus flavigularis, is an endemic and endangered species, with only four populations inhabiting Oaxaca, Mexico: Montecillo Santa Cruz, Aguachil, San Francisco del Mar Viejo and Santa Maria del Mar. Nevertheless, human activities like poaching and land use changes, and the low genetic diversity detected with mitochondrial DNA and allozymes in previous studies, have supported the urgent need of management strategies for this species, and suggest the definition of management units. For this, it is necessary to study the genetic structure with nuclear genes, due to their inheritance and high polymorphism, therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the variation and genetic structure of L. flavigularis using nuclear microsatellites. We sampled four populations of L. flavigularis and a total of 67 jackrabbits were captured by night sampling during the period of 2001 to 2006. We obtained the genomic DNA by the phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method. To obtain the diversity and genetic structure, seven microsatellites were amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); the amplifications were visualized through electrophoresis with 10 % polyacrylamide gels, dyed with ethidium bromide. Genetic diversity was determined using the software GenAlEx v. 6.4, and genetic structure was obtained with ARLEQUIN v. 3.1; null alleles were evaluated using the program Micro-Checker v.2.2.2. Additionally, a Bayesian analysis was performed with software STRUCTURE v. 2.2. 3. , and the isolation by distance (IBD) was studied using the program PASSAGE v.2. 0.11. 6. Our results showed that the genetic variation found was low ( H O = 0.30, H E = 0.24) when compared to other jackrabbit species. Fixed alleles and moderate levels of genetic differentiation ( F ST = 0.18, P = 0.001) were detected among populations, indicating the effect of the genetic drift and limited gene flow. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed two groups: (1) jackrabbits from Montecillo Santa Cruz, and (2) individuals living in Aguachil, San Francisco del Mar Viejo and Santa Maria del Mar. No evidence was found of isolation by distance. It is possible that the geographic barriers present between populations ( e . g . lagoons, human settlements), rather than the geographical distance between them, may explain the observed genetic structure. The inbreeding coefficient was negative ( F IS = -0.27, P = 0.03), indicating genetic sub-structure in populations. We suggest two management units based on the genetically closer populations, which will help define precise conservation actions in L. flavigularis . This research is the basis for defining translocation of individuals between populations, nevertheless, a more extensive future study, with specific molecular markers for L. flavigularis, is required. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the barriers that limit the gene flow, since it is urgent to reduce the genetic differentiation between populations and increase the genetic diversity of this species.
Learning Styles and Their Impact on Sight Word Achievement: A Focus on Students with Disabilities

This action research paper focused on the question “how does instruction that includes a multitude of learning styles impact the achievement levels of students with special needs in regard to sight word instruction? ” Data was collected through assessment, observation, recordings, and surveys. After analyzing the data, three themes were found: sight word recognition abilities, engagement levels, and disability classification in relation to preferred learning style. The implications of this study suggested that teachers should attempt to incorporate learning styles throughout instruction in order to increase engagement and motivation. The study implied that sight words taught in isolation are not as effective for some students. The study implied that least restrictive placement is not adequate enough for all students to succeed. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Literacy Education Department Education First Supervisor Joellen Maples Subject Categories Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_ETD_masters/352 Running head: LEARNING STYLES AND SIGHT WORD INSTRUCTION 1 Learning Styles and Their Impact on Sight Word Achievement: A Focus on Students with Disabilities