Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatal Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Antipsychotic Therapy

OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) as a rare adverse effect of clozapine that is treatable, but sometimes fatal, and survey the literature on the subject in the hope of increasing awareness of the potential danger that may result from drug interactions. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old woman treated with clozapine and paroxetine was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea and swelling of the leg. The patient was diagnosed as having PE and was treated with intravenous heparin. On hospital day 7, sudden acute respiratory failure developed and the patient died. Postmortem examination confirmed the existence of massive PE. DISCUSSION: The woman had no identifiable risk factors other than receiving a combination of clozapine and paroxetine, with a demonstrated elevated clozapine blood concentration. Use of the Naranjo probability scale revealed a probable likelihood that the adverse reaction was drug related. CONCLUSIONS: The association of antipsychotic drugs and venous thromboembolism has been previously described, but is still a rare finding. This case highlights the importance of monitoring and possibly discontinuing treatment when venous thrombosis is suspected. There should be careful monitoring, especially in patients with risk factors for thrombosis. Finally, antidepressant—antipsychotic drug combinations can increase the risk of rare adverse effects, such as venous thromboembolism, even in the absence of other risk factors.
The Emergence of Phonology: Developmental reorganization of phonology: a hierarchy of basic units of acquisition

Abstract Data are presented that chart one child's acquisition of Mexican-Spanish consonants during the period from 1;7 (when only twelve words were produced) to 2;1 years of age (when over 150 words were used). Towards the goal of specifying the basic units of acquisition, three possible units are considered, the ‘word’, the ‘phoneme’ and the ‘feature’. The main proposition of this paper is that an analysis that recognizes ‘word patterns’ and the prosodic treatment of words (1) describes the dvelopment of the consonant structure of words, (2) accounts for several unusual segmental correspondence and, in addition, (3) captures significant facts about frequency of word types and phonemes-in-certain-positions better than an analysis that assumes the phoneme to be the basic organizational unit of the child's early development. In the later stages, however, the phoneme appears to replace the word as the basic structural unit. The evidence regarding the role of the feature is equivocal. Data from this child show more variation and a less systematic progression of stages than is sometimes reported for children. Thus, these data are also evaluated in relation to reported ‘universals’ of acquisition, and the issue of individual differences is discussed.
Quantitative Tissue and Gene-Specific Differences and Developmental Changes in Nat1, Nat2, and Nat3 mRNA Expression in the Rat

Human N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) are important phase II enzymes involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. In toxicity and carcinogenicity studies, functional polymorphism of rat N-acetyltransferase is considered a model for similar human variability. To accurately quantitate expression of the three rat N-acetyltransferases, we developed sensitive, specific assays for Nat1, Nat2, and Nat3 mRNAs. In male F344 rats, tissue-specific expression varied over a limited range for both Nat1 (∼19-fold) and Nat2 (∼30-fold), with the highest expression of both genes in colon. Expression of Nat3 mRNA was at least 2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than that of Nat1 or Nat2. Comparison of Nat1 and Nat2 mRNA expression in bladder, colon, liver, and lung of male and female F344 rats detected no significant gender-specific difference. In Sprague-Dawley and F344 rats ranging in age from neonate to mature adult, colon showed a >10-fold increase in Nat2 during the first postnatal month that did not correlate with changes in Nat1. In contrast, Nat2 showed no developmental change in Sprague-Dawley or F344 liver as Nat1 increased modestly. These measures of rat Nat expression confirm that Nat3 expression is negligible and that Nat1 and Nat2 are the primary determinants of arylamine acetylation activity in all tissues tested. The findings demonstrate differential tissue-specific and developmental regulation of the rat Nat1 and Nat2 genes and contribute to more complete understanding of tissue-, gender-, and development-specific expression patterns of the cognate N-acetyltransferase genes of humans and other species.
[Adaptation and validation of a questionnaire on susceptibility, benefits and barriers in breast cancer screening with mammography].

OBJECTIVES To adapt the <<health belief model>> on breast cancer screening to Spanish, and to asses its validity and reliability. METHODS We assessed validation of a scale with 3 dimensions (susceptibility, benefits and barriers) with Likert responses in a case-control study. Cases were women not participating in a breast cancer screening program and controls consisted of participating women. A process of translation and back-translation was carried out and a technical committee analyzed discrepancies. Comprehension was tested in 17 women. Two hundred seventy-four women participated in the study. In 32 of these women, the questionnaire was administered twice after a 1-month interval to estimate its reliability. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.89, 0.70 and 0.90, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.71, 0.48 and 0.57 for susceptibility, benefits and barriers, respectively. Construct validity: from the factorial analysis, 3 factors were obtained explaining 34% of the variance. The confirmatory factorial analysis indicated acceptable goodness-of-fit of the data to the theoretical model. Older women perceived less susceptibility to breast cancer as well as greater barriers to attending screening. Women with a lower educational level perceived greater barriers. The scale did not seem to predict adherence to the program. CONCLUSIONS The adapted scale presents problems of validity and internal consistency. The dimensions of benefits and barriers require thorough adaptation and validation before the scale is used in Spanish women.
On spanning-tree recombination in evolutionary large-scale network problems - application to electrical distribution planning

We report the key algorithms involved in the recombination-based evolutionary software developed for planning electrical distribution networks. We focus on the dimensionality problem of large-scale networks and on the specificities of its search space. We report the difficulties in handling topology constraints and present both the geno-type and the operators to overcome such difficulties. The operators are designed to process meaningful topological information as geno-type substructures and turn the radiality and connectivity into genetic transmissible properties. First, a theoretical example is presented to illustrate important differences between other common approaches and the approach taken. Then, a real electrical industry application is presented to illustrate the ability of the approach to handle large-scale distribution-network problems.
Molecular approaches in the study of Biomphalaria glabrata – Schistosoma mansoni interactions: linkage analysis and gene expression profiling

Gene mapping and the generation of linkage groups are fundamental to an understanding of the organization and relationships of genes and marker sequences, providing a framework with which to investigate their association with traits of interest. The abundance of techniques available for generating polymorphic molecular markers, and recent advances in high throughput screening, have allowed the extension of map analysis to the tropical freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, an important intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni. Direct comparison of gene expression by differential display screening, without prior identification of candidate genes, can be combined with mapping to quantify the involvement of specific sequences in the schistosome resistance response, and other important host–parasite interactions. Here we discuss the application of current and emergent technologies to gene characterization and linkage analysis in snail–schistosome interactions. Preliminary results from the analysis of comparative gene expression in resistant and susceptible snails are also presented.
Indigenous Knowledge Sharing in Sarawak: A System-Level View and Its Implications for the Cultural Heritage Sector

This article is written on the premise that indigenous people have their own ways of knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer. Using narrative inquiry, stories from three Sarawak-based indigenous groups were analysed to determine the nature of knowledge involved and how this related to transfer methods. The results suggest that a traditional indigenous knowledge system can be presented in a tiered model, in which the kind of knowledge in each tier determines the ways of knowledge sharing. The paper argues that cultural heritage institutions would benefit from understanding indigenous knowledge systems when they design policies and methods for the acquisition of knowledge from indigenous people.
Development of a new assessment of time processing ability in children, using Rasch analysis.

BACKGROUND Children with disabilities like ADHD, Autism or Intellectual Disabilities may have problems with everyday functioning related to time management and hence there is a need to develop systematic methods for evaluation of the ability to understand and use time information. The purpose of this study was to examine aspects of construct validity of a new instrument, KaTid, for assessing time processing ability (TPA) in children. METHODS Data from 144 typically developing, 5-10-years-old typically developing children, were analysed with Rasch analysis. Instruments used were the KaTid, a self-rating scale measuring autonomy in daily routines and a parent scale measuring daily time management. RESULTS Fifty-one items in KaTid, initially defined in three subcategories: time perception, time orientation and time management, all demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit to a Rasch model, indicating evidence of internal scale validity. Performance of the children on the KaTid also provided evidence for validity in response processes and that it may discriminate among children with different levels of TPA. Relationships between the KaTid measures and the parents' ratings of the child's daily time management indicated further evidence of construct validity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study supports evidence of construct validity in the KaTid when used with typically developing 5-10 years-old children. Further research is needed to evaluate the validity of KaTid in children with known time processing difficulties.
Functional and Pharmacological Characterization of the First Specific Agonist and Antagonist for the V1b Receptor in Mammals

By activating three distinct vasopressin receptor isoforms called V1a-R, V1b-R (V3-R) and V2-R, vasopressin (VP) mediates a wide number of biological effects in mammals and may be involved in several pathological states. Up to now only specific V1a and V2 receptor agonists and antagonists have been successfully designed. The role of the V1b-R still remains partially unknown, due to the lack of selective V1b-R ligands and orally-active molecules, which are crucial tools for investigating the central and peripheral functions or pathological disorders associated with this receptor. In this review, we report the biological and pharmacological properties of the first two specific V1b-R ligands: d[Cha 4 ] AVP, a high affinity V1b-R agonist and SSR149415, a potent orally-active V1b-R antagonist with good selectivity with respect to other VP/OT receptor isoforms and able to control ACTH secretion in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, these molecules constitute invaluable tools for exploring the central and peripheral roles of VP mediated via V1b receptors. Interestingly, SSR149415 displays potent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities, indicating that this new class of drugs has a promising therapeutical potential in the treatment of stress-related disorders, anxiety and depression.
Structural Basis for the Coordinated Regulation of Transglutaminase 3 by Guanine Nucleotides and Calcium/Magnesium*

Transglutaminase 3 (TGase 3) is a member of a family of Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyze covalent cross-linking reactions between proteins or peptides. TGase 3 isoform is widely expressed and is important for effective epithelial barrier formation in the assembly of the cell envelope. Among the nine TGase enzyme isoforms known in the human genome, only TGase 2 is known to bind and hydrolyze GTP to GDP; binding GTP inhibits its transamidation activity but allows it to function in signal transduction. Here we present biochemical and crystallographic evidence for the direct binding of GTP/GDP to the active TGase 3 enzyme, and we show that the TGase 3 enzyme undergoes a GTPase cycle. The crystal structures of active TGase 3 with guanosine 5′-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) and GDP were determined to 2.1 and 1.9 Å resolution, respectively. These studies reveal for the first time the reciprocal actions of Ca2+ and GTP with respect to TGase 3 activity. GTPγS binding is coordinated with the replacement of a bound Ca2+ with Mg2+ and conformational rearrangements that together close a central channel to the active site. Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP results in two stable conformations, resembling both the GTP state and the non-nucleotide bound state, the latter of which allows substrate access to the active site.
A Clinico-Pathological Correlation Study of Leprosy in a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in Northwest Punjab, India

Background: Leprosy continues to be a predominant public health problem in India despite rapid strides made for its prevention, detection and treatment since ages. As leprosy can occur in any form due to immunological status of the patient, its clinico-pathological correlation gains more importance. Aim: The present research was undertaken to ascertain the importance of skin biopsy in detecting and diagnosing difficult cases where clinical diagnosis alone is not sufficient and a clinico-pathological correlation study in leprosy assumes greater significance. Method: This was a hospital based prospective study conducted in 60 cases of clinically diagnosed, newly untreated or suspected cases of leprosy for two years among patients attending OPD Department of Dermatology and whose skin biopsies were processed in the department of Pathology with Haematoxylin & Eosin stain along with special stain (Fite Faraco) to ascertain clinico-pathological correlation in leprosy cases. Results: A total of 60 cases were studied. Out of them 71.7% were males and 28.3% females. Majority of them 31.7% belonged to the age group of 21-30 years and children were least affected. Clinico-histopathological classification concordance was noted maximum in LL (80%) followed by BT (77.2%), TT (76.4%), BL (75%), BB (71.4%) and least in IL (60%). Overall concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis observed in our study was 75%. Conclusion: Diagnosing and treating leprosy solely on clinical basis still poses a problem while histopathology helps in making a definite diagnosis. This study shows a good correlation among clinical and histopathological findings in skin biopsy.
Kaedah pembayaran zakat pendapatan melalui skim potongan gaji oleh Lembaga Zakat Selangor / Suryani Binti Masnan

Skim Potongan Gaji (SPG) merupakan medium kutipan zakat pendapatan yang diperkenalkan oleh negeri Selangor. Fokus utama kajian ini ialah menilai sejauhmana kaedah pelaksanaan SPG menepati Islam terutamanya dari sudut sebab wajib zakat, syarat-syarat wajib zakat, dan syarat-syarat sah ta‘jīl zakat. Kaedah al-takyīf al-fiqhī digunakan untuk menentukan hukum dengan cara membuat penyelarasan antara masalah-masalah kajian dengan asal hukum yang dibincangkan dalam bab fiqah zakat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan SPG tidak dapat diselaraskan dengan asal hukum kerana ia tidak mematuhi sebab wajib zakat berdasarkan kepada kaedah pengukuran kepatuhan peserta SPG kepada kewajipan berzakat adalah ditentukan daripada jumlah pendapatan tahunan yang masih belum wujud sepenuhnya. Secara tidak langsung, syarat-syarat wajib zakat dan syarat-syarat sah ta‘jīl zakat yang lain juga kebanyakannya tidak dipatuhi. Justeru, beberapa cadangan penambahbaikan diutarakan dalam kajian ini agar hak-hak pembayar zakat tidak terabai dan pelaksanaan SPG tidak terkeluar dari landasan syarak
Effectiveness of GnRH plus prostaglandin F2alpha for estrus synchronization in cattle of Bos indicus breeding.

Postpartum and lactating crossbred cows containing a percentage of Bos indicus breeding at three locations were studied to determine the efficacy of GnRH + PGF2alpha combinations for synchronization of estrus and(or) ovulation. Cows were equally distributed to each of three treatments by body condition score at the start of the experiment (d 0). All cows received 100 microg of GnRH on d 0 and 25 mg of PGF2alpha 7 d later. The three insemination protocols included 1) AI 12 h after exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 12 of the experiment (Select-Synch; n = 197); 2) timed-AI + 100 microg of GnRH on d 9 of the experiment (CO-Synch; n = 193); 3) AI 12 h after exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 10 of the experiment. Cows not exhibiting estrus by d 10 were timed-AI and injected with 100 microg of GnRH on d 10 of the experiment (Hybrid-Synch; n = 200). The percentage of cows exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 12 of the experiment was lower (P < 0.05) for CO-Synch (17.6%) cows than for Select-Synch or Hybrid-Synch (45.2 and 33.0%, respectively) cows, which did not differ (P > 0.05). For the Select-Synch and Hybrid-Synch cows that exhibited estrus during d 7 to 10 of the experiment and were artificially inseminated, conception rates were similar across treatments (50.5%). Pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.01) for CO-Synch and Hybrid-Synch (31.0 and 35.5%, respectively) cows than for Select-Synch (20.8%) cows. A greater (P < 0.01) percentage of cycling cows became pregnant (34.5%) than noncycling cows (25.9%) across all treatments. The CO-Synch and Hybrid-Synch synchronization protocols resulted in greater pregnancy rates compared with the Select-Synch protocol in postpartum and lactating crossbred cows containing a percentage of Bos indicus breeding.
Émergence des représentations perceptives de la parole : Des transformations verbales sensorielles à des éléments de modélisation computationnelle

La problematique traitee dans le cadre de cette these est celle du liage perceptif en parole, ce qui amene a l'etude des principes de l'analyse de scene de parole (en analogie avec l'analyse de scene auditive). La litterature sur la perception de la parole met en evidence que ces principes sont en partie differents de ceux de l'analyse de scene auditive. Notre objectif dans cette these est de mieux caracteriser ces principes « specifiques a la parole ». Le paradigme que nous utilisons est celui de l'Effet de Transformation Verbale. A travers une serie d'experiences comportementales et une etude en EEG intracrânienne, nous suggerons que cette organisation est basee sur des principes multisensoriels et perceptuo-moteurs. Nous mettons en œuvre quelques uns de ces mecanismes au sein du modele psycholinguistique TRACE. Du point de vue theorique, les resultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette these s'inscrivent dans PACT (Theorie de la Perception pour le Controle de l'Action).
Spectral Index-Core-dominance Parameter in Flat Spectrum Quasars

We investigate the correlation between the maximum core-dominance parameter (R) and spectral index ) ( l c      which is the sum of the coreand lobe –spectral indices) in the context of relativistic beaming model. On the assumption that, beamed sources, the spectral index is dominated by the core spectral index c  , we find, in general a fairly strong Log R and α correlation (correlation coefficient r ~ -0.5). An upper envelope to the Log R versus α distribution, however yields a stronger correlation (r ~ -0.8). For 5 . 0 0 . 1    c  , we obtain a distribution of beaming factor 27 4    and the corresponding distribution of cone angle     14 2 c  . The simplest case of c  = 0, yields  ~ 11 with the radiation occurring within a cone angle c  ~  5 . We thus confirm, more quantitatively, the result of Fan et al. (2010) that the association of the radio spectral index with core-dominance parameter could be attributed to relativistic beaming effects at small viewing angles, at least for the FSRQs used in the present analysis.
A Fault-Tolerant Routing Strategy in Hypercube Multicomputers

We investigate fault-tolerant routing which aims at finding feasible minimum paths in a faulty hypercube. The concept of unsafe node and its extension are used in our scheme. A set of stringent criteria is proposed to identify the possibly bad candidates for forwarding a message. As a result, the number of such undesirable nodes is reduced without sacrificing the functionality of the mechanism. Furthermore, the notion of degree of unsafeness for classifying the unsafe nodes is introduced to facilitate the design of efficient routing algorithms which rely on having each node keep the states of its nearest neighbors. We show that a feasible path of length no more than the Hamming distance between the source and the destination plus four can always be established by the routing algorithm as long as the hypercube is not fully unsafe. The issue of deadlock freeness is also addressed in this research. More importantly, another fault-tolerant routing algorithm, which requires only a constant of five virtual networks in wormhole routing to ensure the property of deadlock freeness for a hypercube of any size, is presented in this paper.
Structural insights into the bactericidal mechanism of human peptidoglycan recognition proteins

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are highly conserved pattern-recognition molecules of the innate immune system that bind bacterial peptidoglycans (PGNs), which are polymers of alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) cross-linked by short peptide stems. Human PRGPs are bactericidal against pathogenic and nonpathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, but not normal flora bacteria. Like certain glycopeptide antibiotics (e.g., vancomycin), PGRPs kill bacteria by directly interacting with their cell wall PGN, thereby interfering with PGN maturation. To better understand the bactericidal mechanism of PGRPs, we determined the crystal structure of the C-terminal PGN-binding domain of human PGRP-Iβ in complex with NAG-NAM-l-Ala-γ-d-Glu-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala, a synthetic glycopeptide comprising a complete PGN repeat. This structure, in conjunction with the previously reported NMR structure of a dimeric PGN fragment, permitted identification of major conformational differences between free and PGRP-bound PGN with respect to the relative orientation of saccharide and peptide moieties. These differences provided structural insights into the bactericidal mechanism of human PGRPs. On the basis of molecular modeling, we propose that these proteins disrupt cell wall maturation not only by sterically encumbering access of biosynthetic enzymes to the nascent PGN chains, but also by locking PGN into a conformation that prevents formation of cross-links between peptide stems in the growing cell wall.