Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reticulocyte haemoglobin content as marker of iron deficiency and predictor of response to intravenous iron in haemodialysis patients

Because serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TS) have a limitation in estimating iron status in haemodialysis patients, the reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) has been proposed as a new tool. We investigate the accuracy of CHr in comparison with conventional tests and the relationship between changes in CHr and haemoglobin levels after therapy. We selected 140 haemodialysis patients receiving rHuEPO and intravenous iron supplementation and measured their complete blood count, CHr and iron parameters. Iron deficiency was defined as a ferritin <100 μg/l and/or a TS <20%. Hb, CHr, ferritin and TS levels were determined 1 month after therapy. Fifty‐three patients were iron deficient. CHr were distributed with 33.7 ± 1.4 pg in the iron sufficient group and with 29.9 ± 1.9 pg in the iron deficient group (P = 0.001). The cutoff value of CHr for detecting iron deficiency was <32.4 pg. In iron deficient patients, a significant correlation was found between CHr and TS. The change in CHr after therapy was significantly larger in iron‐deficient patients, and a lower baseline CHr is associated with a greater haemoglobin change. CHr is useful in screening iron status in dialysis patients, and a CHr cut‐off value of 32 pg is appropriate for the assessment of iron deficiency. Moreover, CHr may serve as a predictor of the response to anaemia treatment.
Antenna height dependence of 800 MHz attenuation measured in houses

Signal levels around and within four suburban houses were measured at 800 MHz. The measurements were made from an instrumentation van having erectable 27-ft and 12.5-ft-high antennas. The dependence of attenuation on the height of antennas is needed in designing portable radio communication systems that can accommodate low-power radio communication sets. The height dependence of the trends in the data are consistent with the simple model of reflection from the ground.
Isolation and expression of genes for acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Echinochloa phyllopogon, a polyploid weed species.

BACKGROUND Target-site resistance is the major cause of herbicide resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in arable weeds, whereas non-target-site resistance is rarely reported. In the Echinochloa phyllopogon biotypes resistant to these herbicides, target-site resistance has not been reported, and non-target-site resistance is assumed to be the basis for resistance. To explore why target-site resistance had not occurred, the target-site genes for these herbicides were isolated from E. phyllopogon, and their expression levels in a resistant biotype were determined. RESULTS Two complete ALS genes and the carboxyltransferase domain of four ACCase genes were isolated. The expression levels of ALS and ACCase genes were higher in organs containing metabolically active meristems, except for ACC4, which was not expressed in any organ. The differential expression among examined organs was more prominent for ALS2 and ACC2 and less evident for ALS1, ACC1 and ACC3. CONCLUSION E. phyllopogon has multiple copies of the ALS and ACCase genes, and different expression patterns were observed among the copies. The existence of three active ACCase genes and the difference in their relative expression levels could influence the occurrence of target-site resistance to ACCase inhibitors in E. phyllopogon.
Novel mutations in the LKB1/STK11 gene in Dutch Peutz‐Jeghers families

The Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare hereditary disorder in which gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and a predisposition for developing cancer are transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. The recently identified LKB1/STK11 gene located at chromosome 19p13.3 is mutated in a number of PJS pedigrees. We performed mutation analysis in 19, predominantly Dutch, PJS families. In 12 of these families, we identified LKB1/STK11 mutations, none of which has been described before. These 12 novel LKB1/STK11 mutations consist of one nonsense mutation, three frameshift deletions, three frameshift insertions, two acceptor splice site mutations, and three missense mutations. In addition, we detected four polymorphisms in LKB1/STK11. In the remaining seven PJS families, we found no apparent abnormalities of the LKB1/STK11 gene, which could reflect the existence of locus heterogeneity in PJS. None of the mutations occurred in more than one family, and a number were demonstrated to have arisen de novo. The diverse array of mutations found, the apparent high mutation rate, as well as the existence of a possible second PJS locus, renders diagnostic or predictive genetic testing in individual patients difficult, although future identification of additional mutations or even gene(s) will help in increasing the yield of direct mutation analysis. Hum Mutat 13:476–481, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LACTATE-DEGRADING SYSTEM IN BUTYRIBACTERIUM RETTGERI SUBJECT TO GLUCOSE REPRESSION

Wittenberger, Charles L. (National Institute of Dental Research, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.), and Ann S. Haaf. Lactate-degrading system in Butyribacterium rettgeri subject to glucose repression. J. Bacteriol. 88:896–903. 1964. —The ability of Butyribacterium rettgeri to utilize lactate as the main energy source for growth requires the formation of a lactate-degrading system. The precise nature of this system is unknown, but preliminary evidence suggests that cellular acquisition of lactate-decomposing activity involves the formation of a nonpyridine nucleotide-linked lactic dehydrogenase. This enzyme, which can couple lactate oxidation to the reduction of ferricyanide [K3Fe(CN)6-lactic de-hydrogenase (LDH)], is absent from glucose-grown cells; this observation appears to account for the inability of such cells to decompose lactate even though they may form lactate from glucose. The formation of K3Fe(CN)6-LDH in growing cultures requires the addition of lipoic acid to the medium, and is repressed by glucose, pyruvate, or fructose. When any of the latter substrates are included in the growth medium with lactate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked LDH activity is present in cells at markedly higher levels than it is in cells grown on lactate alone.
Oxidative inactivation of calcineurin by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase G93A, a mutant typical of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Calcineurin is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in a wide range of cellular responses to calcium mobilizing signals. Previous evidence supports the notion of the existence of a redox regulation of this enzyme, which might be relevant for neurodegenerative processes, where an imbalance between generation and removal of reactive oxygen species could occur. In a recent work, we have observed that calcineurin activity is depressed in two models for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) associated with mutations of the antioxidant enzyme Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), namely in neuroblastoma cells expressing either SOD1 mutant G93A or mutant H46R and in brain areas from G93A transgenic mice.
Mouse-pox; infectious ectromelia of mice; a review.

Introduction. Following Jenner's demonstration that the inoculation of cowpox virus protected humans against subsequent infection with smallpox, numerous vaccine lymph laboratories were established throughout the civilized world. In 1886 Buist (11) described the elementary bodies of vaccinia and variola, but it was not until 1906 that Paschen (80) demonstrated their etiological role. During the ensuing thirty-three years, especially in the period 1920–1940, vaccinia virus has been intensively studied. These investigations were greatly simplified by the wide range of animal hosts susceptible to vaccinia virus infection, and by the resistance of the virus to heat, so that it could be easily handled in the laboratory. As a result there probably is a larger body of data about vaccinia virus, its host range, antigenic constitution, and chemical structure, than about any other animal virus. Contrasting with this wealth of knowledge about laboratory aspects of vaccinia virus is the paucity of reliable information of the epidemiology and inter-relationships of the natural pox diseases of animals.
Residential Mobility and Adolescent Achievement and Behavior: Understanding Timing and Extent of Mobility

&NA; Residential mobility is generally viewed as an adverse event for adolescents' development. Less is known about whether moving during adolescence, childhood, or both periods explains this connection and whether the extent of mobility matters. Analytic shortcomings with much of the research call into question extant findings. We examined associations between childhood, adolescent, and child–adolescent mobility and adolescents' achievement (math and reading) and behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing). With a multisite, longitudinal sample (N = 1,056), we employed propensity score methods, which mitigate concerns about selection bias on observed variables, to investigate relationships. Results suggest that multiple, child–adolescent movers had more internalizing problems in adolescence than their stable peers, but did not differ on externalizing problems or achievement.
Efectos de los fenómenos macroclimáticos (El Niño y La Niña) sobre diferentes variables , climatólogicas en Boyacá

La investigacion muestra los efectos ocasionados por los fenomenos de EL Nino y LA Nina en las diferentes variables hidroclimatologicas en diferentes cuencas localizadas en el departamento de Boyaca y las consecuencias que ocasiona en el ambito social, economico y ambiental.
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci in Fresh Seafood

The occurrence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was investigated in fresh seafood, seafood products and related samples. Staphylococci were isolated from 13 (68.42%) fresh seafood samples, while 3 (15.78%) samples harbored coagulase-positive S. aureus. Resistance to methicillin was observed in 16 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. , 15 of which were coagulase-negative S. aureus (MR-CoNS) and one was a coagulase-positive S. aureus (MRSA). The mecA gene is detected by PCR in 10 MR-CoNS and one MRSA strain. The lmrS gene, which codes for a multidrug efflux pump LmrS, is detected only in coagulase-positive isolates.
Continuum theory of the mixed-state and surface Joule effects in type-II superconductors.

A phenomenological theory of vortex motion, where the mixed state is regarded as a continuum, has been proposed by two of the authors in a short previous letter. Its outlines are recalled in this paper with further comments and arguments; in particular the basic equations and their implications are discussed at some length. This theory leads to a model of pinning, from which we argue that critical currents {ital I}{sub {ital c}}, in soft type-II samples of standard bulk homogeneity, should be governed essentially by surface defects. {ital I}{sub {ital c}} is interpreted as a physically well-defined part of the total transport current {ital I}, which is flowing over a small depth close to the surface. Thus, on the scale of an ordinary sample, this part of the transport current is superficial, the remaining part {ital I}{minus}{ital I}{sub {ital c}} being uniformly distributed over the cross section. Coherently, an analysis of the dissipation in such samples predicts that the part {ital VI}{sub {ital c}} of the total Joule effect {ital VI} must arise as surface heat sources, while the Joule effect {ital V}({ital I}{minus}{ital I}{sub {ital c}}), usually associated with the steady viscous flow of vortices, is uniformly distributed inmore » the bulk. As a proof, we present a method, using second-sound acoustics, to detect and separate surface and volume heat sources. Experimental results give clear evidence of a surface Joule effect, and support the validity of our model of surface pinning in soft materials. « less
Increased Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation in Peripheral Leukocytes and the Reperfused Myocardium Tissue of Rats With Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Prevention by 3-Aminobenzamide Treatment

The overactivation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is considered a final common effector in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of the current study was to examine the precise time course of the activation of PARP in peripheral leukocytes and the reperfused myocardium tissue on myocardial I/R injury from the same rat and to identify the relationship between myocardial infarct size and the degree of PARP activation in circulating leukocytes. Another aim of the study was to test the effect of 3-aminobenzamide (a well-known and widely used PARP inhibitor) on the activation of PARP in the reperfused myocardium and peripheral leukocytes. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation was measured by Western blotting for its product, poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). The localization of PARP activation was determined by PAR immunohistochemistry. The results showed that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation was detected 15 min, peaked 2 to 6 h, and remained markedly detectable 24 h in the reperfused heart after I/R model. Similarly, PAR content of the leukocytes increased in cells isolated just after reperfusion from the same rat. Immunohistochemical studies localized the staining of PAR primarily to the cardiac myocytes and vascular endothelial cells. At 6 h, there was a significant linear correlation between infarct size and PARP activity, whereas at 2 and 24 h, no relationship was found. The PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB, 20 mg kg−1 i.v. injection 15 min before reperfusion, and every 2 h thereafter for 6 h) markedly reduced infarct size through depressing the activation of the enzyme in myocytes and peripheral leukocytes even when the treatment is initiated at 2 h after reperfusion. ABBREVIATIONS 3-AB—3-aminobenzamide; I/R—ischemia/reperfusion; AAR—area at risk; IS—infarct size; LCA—left coronary artery; MI—myocardial infarction; NAD—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; PAR—poly(ADP-ribose); PARP—poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; TTC—triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride
The effect of market power on bank risk taking in Turkey

The aim of this paper is to understand the role of market power on the loan risk and overall bank risk measures for Turkish banks during 2001-2009. Testing for this question is particularly important for the Turkish banking system, which experienced an intense regulation process after 2000 leading to a significant decrease in the number of banks and thereby possibly reducing competition. The results of the study provide some evidence regarding the competition-stability hypothesis.
Serum levels of interleukin‐18 and s‐ICAM‐1 in patients affected by psoriasis: preliminary considerations

Objective To find new aspects of the systemic involvement of the Immune System in psoriasis, we determined serum levels of interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) (Th1‐inducing factor cytokine), CD30 (Th2 marker) and sICAM‐1 (adhesion molecule). In addition we evaluated the correlation between these molecules and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI).
Suzaku Observations of the Hard X-ray Variability of MCG-6-30-15: the Effects of Strong Gravity Around a Kerr Black Hole

Suzaku has, for the first time, enabled the hard X-ray variability of the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15 to be measured. The variability in the 14-45 keV band, which is dominated by a strong reflection hump, is quenched relative to that at a few keV. This directly demonstrates that the whole reflection spectrum is much less variable than the power-law continuum. The broadband spectral variability can be decomposed into two components - a highly variable power-law and constant reflection - as previously inferred from other observations in the 2-10 keV band. The strong reflection and high iron abundance give rise to a strong broad iron line, which requires the inner disc radius to be at about 2 gravitational radii. Our results are consistent with the predictions of the light bending model which invokes the very strong gravitational effects expected very close to a rapidly spinning black hole.
The Rise Of The Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding

In this influential study, Ian Watt traces the genesis and development of the most popular of all literary forms, the novel. In his penetrating and original readings of Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding, he investigates the reasons why the three main eighteenth-century novelist wrote in the way they did - a way resulting ultimately in the modern novel of the present day. The rise of the middle classes and of economic individualism, the philosophical innovations of the seventeenth century, complex changes in the social position of women: these are some of the factors underlying an age which produced the authors of Robinson Crusoe, Pamela and Tom Jones.
The association between macronutrient intake and the metabolic syndrome and its components in type 1 diabetes

Abstract Diet is a major modifiable lifestyle factor that may affect the components of the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the association between relative proportions of macronutrients and the components of the metabolic syndrome in a population of individuals with type 1 diabetes. In all, 791 individuals without nephropathy, with plausible energy intake and known metabolic syndrome status, taking part in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study were included in the analyses. Dietary data were collected with a diet record. The association between the relative macronutrient intake and the outcome variables were analysed using multivariable nutrient density substitution models. The relative proportions of dietary macronutrients or fatty acids were not associated with the presence of the metabolic syndrome. In men, however, favouring carbohydrates over fats was associated with lower odds of the waist component, whereas favouring either carbohydrates or fats over proteins was associated with lower odds of the blood pressure component of the metabolic syndrome. In women, substituting carbohydrates for fats was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol concentration. Substituting carbohydrates or fats for alcohol or protein was, in men, associated with lower systolic blood pressure. To conclude, the relative distribution of macronutrients may have some relevance for the metabolic syndrome.
High School Youth’s Reactions to Participating in Mixed-Methodological Dating Violence Research

The present study used a sample of high school youth (N = 218) and a mixed-methodological research design to examine high school students’ reactions to participating in focus groups and completing surveys that inquired about dating violence (DV). Results showed that showed that 1.5% (n = 3) of the youth regretted participating in the study and 6% (n = 12) were upset by the study questions; being upset was attributed to personal experiences with DV and being disturbed by peers’ responses during the focus group. Furthermore, 49% (n = 99) of the youth reported feeling that they personally benefited from participating in the study for reasons such as learning ways to help friends in situations of DV. Results have implications for conducting mixed-methodological DV research with youth.
Convective Activities Within the Stratocumulus-Topped Boundary Layer

Abstract : This study utilizes aircraft measurements obtained off the California coast to analyze the geometric, thermodynamic, and micro physical characteristics of convective updrafts and down drafts in the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (BL). The vertical structure of thermodynamic and micro physical properties is consistent. The difference in peak droplet concentration between updrafts, down drafts, and the defined environment increases near the cloud top. We observe larger mean droplet diameters in down drafts near the cloud top, as the number of small droplets in cloud top down drafts appears to decrease. The horizontal variability seen in the cloud droplet spectra and micro physics properties is likely due to aerosol activation and growth in updrafts, cloud top entrainment, and penetrating cumulus. We compute the mass flux, using a mass flux parameterization. Several measured variables produce consistent results and agree with mass flux calculations from other stratocumulus datasets.
TURİZM VE REKREASYON STRATEJİLERİ İÇİN SWOT ANALİZİ, GÖRSEL KALİTE DEĞERLENDİRMESİ, TURİZM TESİSLERİNİN BEĞENİLİRLİĞİ VE TURİZM TESİSLERİ DURUM ANALİZİ UYGULAMASI: BEYŞEHİR İLÇESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Ulkemizde artan turizm talebi, bununla birlikte gelisen turizm sektorune dayali ticaretin ilerlemesi, hizli nufus artisi ve sagliksiz kentlesme, gun gectikce dogal ve kulturel degerlere daha fazla zarar vermektedir. Bu durumu engelleyebilmek icin, ulusal ve uluslararasi pek cok toplanti yapilmis ve cevre koruma konusunda ortak kararlar alinmistir. Bu anlamda amac, cevrenin geri donulmez bicimde zarar gormesinden once, kullanimini uygun bir bicimde sinirlandirmaktir. Boylece, endemik, ender ve ozel bir habitata sahip flora ve fauna degerlerini guvence altina almak mumkun olacaktir. Ayni zamanda, tarihi ve kulturel mirasin olumsuz etkilenmesinin onlenmesi, korunmasi ve gelecek nesillere aktarilmasi saglanabilecektir. Arastirma alaninda 1999-2002 yillari arasinda SWOT analizi, gorsel degerlendirme analizi, turizm tesisleri durum analizleri gerceklestirilmistir. Bu analizler calisma alanindaki turizm durumunu ve tanimini ortaya koymustur. Sonuc olarak Beysehir yoresinin cok cesitli turizm urunu yada potansiyeli oldugu aciga cikmistir. Bunlar yuksek oneme ve potansiyele sahip kullanimlar olup pazar degerleri yuksektir. Izlenilen surec kisisel ve oznel goruslere dayanir yani subjektiftir. Bu bilgiler; ilce ve belde belediye baskanlari ve yetkilileri, ilce ve belde kamu kuruluslari, yerel halk ve turistlerle yapilmis olan karsilikli gorusmeler; yore icin veya benzer alanlar icin daha once yapilmis olan calismalar ve mesleki deneyim, arazi sorvey calismalari ve yerinde yapilan gozlemler sonucu olusturulmustur. Bilgiler katilimcilarla birebir gorusmeler yapilarak elde edilmistir. Tespit calismasi basitlestirilmis ilce haritasi uzerinde yapilmis, calismaya katilan kisilerin beklentileri ve dusunceleri on planda olmak uzere, mesleki deneyimle sekillendirilmistir
The Salient Stressor Impact Questionnaire (SSIQ)

High stress is known to affect health, but stress impact, determined by events and responses to them, has not been studied systematically. For the Salient Stressor Impact Questionnaire (SSIQ), the impact of events was assumed to depend on their salience and chronicity and the impact of responses on their chronicity and intensity with greater unfavorable appraisal associated with greater response. The SSIQ assessed a person’s two most salient stressors. Chronicity items discriminated between clinically stressed and nonclinical participants and measured the chronicity of stressful feelings (distress) and the event. The remaining items measured the degree of distress and unfavorable appraisal. The SSIQ showed good test-retest and internal consistency reliability, concurrent validity, and stability across diverse populations. Exploratory analyses grouped items into distress, chronicity, and appraisal elements, and confirmatory analysis revealed a good fit to the hypothesized model. Preliminary data suggest that the SSIQ will be useful for studying relationships between stress and health.