Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Civic and Social Dimensions of Food Production and Distribution in Alternative Food Networks in France and Southern Brazil

This article offers comparative insight into alternative food networks, based on French and Brazilian case studies. Looking at a series of initiatives, such as producer–consumer networks (Ecovida in Southern Brazil, AMAP in France), collective producer shops, farmers’ markets, and school provisioning schemes, we analyse the modes of coordination and decision-making that are articulated and the roles of the different actors involved. We show that the growing role of consumers and producers in these food networks, not only as individuals but also as citizens often involved in civil society organizations, can directly influence changes in public policy and the forms of agriculture practised, thereby leading to a better integration of the civic and social dimensions of food production and distribution. In both countries alternative food networks have strongly contributed to the legitimization of agro-ecology, although this is framed significantly by national specificities surrounding the institutionalization of ecological agriculture. In France this process focuses on organic agriculture, while it is more diverse in Brazil. Finally, we show that civic food networks’ influence on public policy partly relies on the alliances these networks are able to develop amongst themselves and with more institutional actors. We conclude with a discussion about food democracy.
Transient Increase in Chloride Cell Number and Heat Shock Protein Expression (hsp70) in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) Exposed to Sudden Temperature Elevation

The native cold-adapted brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) is often the subject of biomonitoring field studies. Groups of trout were exposed to a sudden temperature rise, from 8 degrees C to 19 degrees C for two hours, and thereafter set back to 8 degrees C. Gill samples of control animals, of fish after the exposure period, and after 24 and 48 hours of recovery at a temperature of 8 degrees C were examined histologically, immunohistochemically, electron microscopically, and by Western blot analysis. By means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, an increase of chloride cells was observed after the temperature elevation. During the recovery period the number of chloride cells decreased. Western blot analysis for stress proteins (hsp70), widely used as a biomarker for environmental stress, was performed from skin and gill. Whereas in the gill both isoforms, the constitutive and the heat inducible form, of hsp70 were detected in all groups, in the skin the control animals only showed the constitutive form. After two hours of exposure both isoforms were visible. An increased expression of hsp70 could be demonstrated in both organs after the exposure. Comparison of the hsp70 values between gill and skin showed tissue-specific differences during the recovery period. In the gill hsp70 rapidly decreased, while in the skin the level remained elevated over the whole observation period. When hsp70 is used as a biomarker in field studies, the fast and organ-specific reaction in the gill and skin of brown trout has to be taken into consideration.
Examining the performance of Australian banks by considering the issue of risk

Melbourne, Australia, email: amoradimotlagh@swin.edu. au **Dr. Ali Salman Saleh, Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, email: asaleh@swin.edu. au ***Dr. Amir Abdekhodaee, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, email: aabdekhodaee@swin.edu. au ****Dr. Mehran Ektesabi, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, email: mektesabi@swin.edu. au Examining the Performance of Australian Banks by Considering the Issue of Risk
Electronic journals - use, evaluation and policy

Describes how a database designed to aid the management of electronic journals subscriptions at Cardiff University has been adapted to allow end-user access to these journals. Presents the results of a web-based survey of academic staff and researchers to determine their attitudes towards electronic journals. Sets these in the context of an institutional policy towards electronic journals. Draws conclusions of relevance to publishers, higher education information service departments, and academics themselves. Principal conclusion is that academics prefer to use electronic journals to print because of the ease of access, but do not feel that electronic journals are qualitatively better than print journals.
THE LONG‐TERM EFFICACY OF ACUTE‐PHASE PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR DEPRESSION: A META‐ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS

Understanding the effectiveness of treatment for depression in both the short term and long term is essential for clinical decision making. The present meta‐analysis examined treatment effects on depression and quality of life in acute‐phase psychotherapeutic interventions compared to no treatment control groups for adult depression at 6 months or longer postrandomization.
Gains and Losses of Cis-regulatory Elements Led to Divergence of the Arabidopsis APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER Duplicate Genes in the Time, Space, and Level of Expression and Regulation of One Paralog by the Other1[OPEN]

Gain of an autoregulatory site in one paralog led to the divergence of two duplicate genes in the time, space, and level of expression and regulation of one paralog by the other. How genes change their expression patterns over time is still poorly understood. Here, by conducting expression, functional, bioinformatic, and evolutionary analyses, we demonstrate that the differences between the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) duplicate genes in the time, space, and level of expression were determined by the presence or absence of functionally important transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs) in regulatory regions. In particular, a CArG box, which is the autoregulatory site of AP1 that can also be bound by the CAL protein, is a key determinant of the expression differences. Because of the CArG box, AP1 is both autoregulated and cross-regulated (by AP1 and CAL, respectively), and its relatively high-level expression is maintained till to the late stages of sepal and petal development. The observation that the CArG box was gained recently further suggests that the autoregulation and cross-regulation of AP1, as well as its function in sepal and petal development, are derived features. By comparing the evolutionary histories of this and other TFBSs, we further indicate that the divergence of AP1 and CAL in regulatory regions has been markedly asymmetric and can be divided into several stages. Specifically, shortly after duplication, when AP1 happened to be the paralog that maintained the function of the ancestral gene, CAL experienced certain degrees of degenerate evolution, in which several functionally important TFBSs were lost. Later, when functional divergence allowed the survival of both paralogs, CAL remained largely unchanged in expression, whereas the functions of AP1 were gradually reinforced by gains of the CArG box and other TFBSs.
JPEG 2000 compression of abdominal CT: difference in tolerance between thin- and thick-section images.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to compare the tolerance of Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000 compression between thin- and thick-section abdominal CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred 0.67-mm-thick and corresponding 5-mm-thick images were compressed to four different levels: reversible and irreversible 6:1, 10:1, and 15:1. Five radiologists determined if the compressed images were distinguishable from the originals. The percentage of distinguishable pairs and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) were compared between the thin and thick sections. The visually lossless threshold was estimated by comparing the percentages of the distinguishable pairs between each irreversible compression and the reversible compression. Paired Student's t tests and exact tests for paired proportions were used. RESULTS Thin sections had smaller PSNRs at each compression level (p < 0.001). According to the pooled responses, the percentages of distinguishable pairs for the thin and thick sections, respectively, were 0% (0/100) and 0% at reversible compression, 27% and 0% at 6:1 (p < 0.001), 100% and 80% at 10:1 (p < 0.001), and 100% and 100% at 15:1. Artifacts increased significantly (p < 0.001) at 6:1 or more for the thin sections and at 10:1 and 15:1 for the thick sections, indicating that the visually lossless thresholds were below 6:1 and between 6:1 and 10:1, respectively. CONCLUSION Thin-section abdominal CT images are less tolerant of compression, and a lower compression level should be used for the visually lossless threshold.
The quality of price formation at market openings and closings: Evidence from the Nasdaq stock market

We assess the quality of opening and closing prices for Nasdaq stocks by examining the effect that opening and closing call auctions (introduced in 2004) have had on price formation. Our use of measurement intervals of one minute or less sharpens the picture of intra-day volatility accentuations: they are concentrated within the first two minutes after the open and the last minute prior to the close, with the overall pattern being stapleshaped rather than U-shaped. We find that Nasdaq's calls have reduced this volatility, reorganized order flow, and lowered volatility persistence. Opening and closing prices had previously contained appreciable transitory components which have been dampened by Nasdaq's market structure innovation
Parsimony analysis of endemism under the “areas of endemism as individuals” thesis

Cladistic biogeography relies on two operational processes: one that diagnoses fundamental units and another that utilizes them. Discussion of the latter methodology has resulted in numerous protocols (e.g. Nelson and Platnick, 1981; Wiley, 1988; Page, 1990; Nelson and Ladiges, 1991; Brooks et al., 2001; Wojcicki and Brooks, 2005; Eckstut et al., 2011) that hypothesize area relationships based on areas of endemism, which are considered the fundamental units of historical biogeography (Crisci et al., 2003; Crother and Murray, 2011). Methods to diagnose areas of endemism have also been privy to meticulous examination and contested protocol formation (M€ uller, 1973; Rosen, 1988; Axelius, 1991; Crisci et al., 1991; Henderson, 1991; Platnick, 1991; Morrone, 1994). The most notable protocol for diagnosing areas of endemism that emerged from these discussions was parsimony analysis of endemism (PAE). PAE was originally designed by Rosen (1988) and Rosen and Smith (1988) as a method to generate a historical hypothesis of the relationships between the biotas of sampled localities, producing area cladograms (Rosen, 1988). Rosen (1988) also pointed out that PAE results in patterns of endemicity specific to a set study scale comprised of taxonomically incomplete biotas. Morrone (1994) adopted this method for diagnosing areas of endemism using a scale-appropriate, grid-based locality designation. These two functions represent the dynamic (area relationships) versus static (identification of areas of endemism) approaches of the method (Rosen, 1988; Nihei, 2006). Consistent with the method throughout its initial interpretations is the use of areas as operational taxonomic units (OTUs), presence/absence of taxa as characters, and shared biota as synapomorphies between OTUs. Morrone explained the PAE protocol using the distrubution of the beetle genus Sciobius in South Africa. A summary \of this protocol is as follows. 1 Twenty-one quadrats were assigned to the southeastern portion of South Africa in which at least one locality of the focus clade exists (Fig. 1). 2 A data matrix was constructed with species as characters, presence/absence as character states, and quadrats as OTUs with a hypothetical root OTU with all absent taxa. 3 A parsimony analysis of the data matrix was performed (Fig. 2a). Morrone (1994) interpreted his parsimony analysis by recognizing groups of quadrats that are defined by at least two species as areas of endemism. The Sciobius distribution analysis in South Africa recovered three areas of endemism according to Morrone’s (1994) interpretation (Fig. 2a). The distributions of the taxa delimited in the cladogram were then superimposed on a map to delineate the boundaries of the areas of endemism.
Panoramic Video from Unstructured Camera Arrays

We describe an algorithm for generating panoramic video from unstructured camera arrays. Artifact‐free panorama stitching is impeded by parallax between input views. Common strategies such as multi‐level blending or minimum energy seams produce seamless results on quasi‐static input. However, on video input these approaches introduce noticeable visual artifacts due to lack of global temporal and spatial coherence. In this paper we extend the basic concept of local warping for parallax removal. Firstly, we introduce an error measure with increased sensitivity to stitching artifacts in regions with pronounced structure. Using this measure, our method efficiently finds an optimal ordering of pair‐wise warps for robust stitching with minimal parallax artifacts. Weighted extrapolation of warps in non‐overlap regions ensures temporal stability, while at the same time avoiding visual discontinuities around transitions between views. Remaining global deformation introduced by the warps is spread over the entire panorama domain using constrained relaxation, while staying as close as possible to the original input views. In combination, these contributions form the first system for spatiotemporally stable panoramic video stitching from unstructured camera array input.
Repeat attendance by older people at accident and emergency departments.

BACKGROUND Older people are an increasing user group at accident and emergency departments and often have complex needs over and above the clinical cause of attendance. Few studies to date appear to have focused specifically on older people's re-attendance at such departments following direct discharge. However, these few studies conclude that incomplete staff assessment of older people's needs in this setting may play a part in reasons for re-attendance and recommend that further research is needed in this area. AIMS The aim of this paper is to describe a 6-month study exploring re-attendance, assessment and discharge issues for people aged over 75 years at an accident and emergency department. METHODS Documentary research was primarily used to collate data. Interviews with specialist health care professionals were also used to cross-check recorded documentary details of interest and to gain a wider perspective. In addition, illustrative cases were developed (incorporating a broader range of hospital documentation) to exemplify key issues raised relating to re-attendance by older people at the accident and emergency department concerned. FINDINGS Professional practice related to assessment of older people's social and functional needs was inconsistent in this accident and emergency department and some staff clearly underestimated the impact of illness or injury when considering their ability to cope on discharge. An illustrative case summary is included to highlight that such issues may be significant factors in re-attendance. CONCLUSION Improving practice in relation to social and functional assessment and raising staff awareness concerning older people's potential needs seem important in accident and emergency departments. With little research identified to date into re-attendance, further research on this issue is recommended.
Does Financial Reform Increase or Reduce Savings?

Using Principal Components, the authors construct a 25-year time series index of financial liberalization for each of eight developing countries: Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Turkey, and Zimbabwe. They use it in an econometric analysis of private saving in those countries. They find that the pattern of effects differs across countries. In sum, liberalization seems to have had a significant positive direct effect on saving in Ghana and Turkey and a negative effect in Korea and Mexico. No clear effect is discernible in the other countries. There is no evidence of significant, positive, and sizable interest-rate effects. Their results must be taken as an indication that there is no firm evidence that financial liberalization will increase saving. Indeed, under some circumstances, liberalization will be associated with a drop in saving. All in all, it would be unwise to rely on increased private saving as a channel through which financial liberalization can be expected to increase growth. Instead, improved resource allocation must be the primary channel.
Modern Industrial Organization

I. INTRODUCTION AND THEORY. 1. Overview. 2. The Firm and Costs. II. MARKET STRUCTURES. 3. Competition. 4. Monopolies, Monopsonies, and Dominant Firms. 5. Cartels. 6. Oligopoly. 7. Product Differentiation and Monopolistic Competition. 8. Industry Structure and Performance. III. BUSINESS PRACTICES: STRATEGIES AND CONDUCT. 9. Price Discrimination. 10. Advanced Topics in Pricing. 11. Strategic Behavior. 12. Vertical Integration and Vertical Restrictions. IV. INFORMATION, ADVERTISING, AND DISCLOSURE. 13. Information. 14. Advertising and Disclosure. V. DYNAMIC MODELS AND MARKET CLEARING. 15. Decision Making Over Time: Durability. 16. Patents and Technological Change. 17. How Markets Clear: Theory and Facts. VI. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND THEIR EFFECTS. 18. International Trade. 19. Antitrust Laws and Policy. 20. Regulation and Deregulation.
To Own or to Use: How Product Service Systems Impact Firms’ Innovation Behaviour

How Societies Benefit from the Innovation Race Capitalist societies have become most successful in creating material wealth, not least based on the two central concepts of private property and the virtually unlimited provision of innovative goods by means of modern production systems. However, over the last forty years societies have slowly but steadily started to raise concerns about the tremendous environmental externalities such as resource depletion, waste generation and emissions. Currently, we observe that an increasing number of firms develop technologybased sharing approaches where users customer behaviour, but also impacts firms’ innovation behaviour and if so, how. While there might be feedback effects from changes in demand patterns, our results indicate that the PSS concept triggers substantial changes within the governance structure of firms leading to stable, long term adjustments of their innovation behaviour.
Rapid diagnostic test that uses isocitrate lyase activity for identification of Yersinia pestis

The presence of high levels of isocitrate lyase activity in Yersinia pestis grown on blood agar base medium, as compared with low levels of this enzyme in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica, suggested that the differences in the levels of this enzyme could be used for the presumptive identification of Y. pestis. A modified, semiquantitative assay for isocitrate lyase activity is described which requires no expensive instrumentation, utilizes readily available chemicals and substrates, and requires only 20 min for completion. This test yielded positive results with all 108 isolates of Y. pestis tested and negative results with all strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis (68 isolates) and Y. enterocolitica (202 isolates) tested. Less than 2% of the approximately 1,300 non-Yersinia isolates from the family Enterobacteriaceae and none of the 93 isolates from the family Pseudomonadaceae yielded positive results. We conclude that this test provides for rapid identification of Y. pestis and should be useful in the initial screening of isolates from rodent and flea populations and in the presumptive identification of this organism from suspected cases of human plague.
A review of computer simulation for fraud detection research in financial datasets

The investigation of fraud in the financial domain has been restricted to those who have access to relevant data. However, customer financial records are protected by law and internal policies, therefore they are not available for most of the researchers in the area of fraud detection. This paper aims to present the work of those researchers who have had access to data and present an interesting approach to fraud detection research; which is the generation of a synthetic data set to work on fraud detection research. Some of the domains covered in this review include mobile money payments, e-payments, retail stores, online bank services and credit card payments. We also cover some of the most relevant surveys in the field and point out the impossibility to compare this work due to the lack of common public data set to test different results.
Ablation of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: The Use of Multiple Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Ethanol Lavage Sessions

Objectives: Determine the effectiveness of multiple endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol lavage (EUS-EL) sessions for attempted ablation of pancreatic cystic lesion (PCL). Methods: Retrospective review of patients who have undergone 2 or more EUS-EL treatments of a PCL. Eligible patients had asymptomatic, benign-appearing PCL, no previous pancreatitis, and were considered poor surgical candidates. Results: Final analysis was performed on 13 patients with suspected branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. The mean maximum cyst diameter at baseline and after 1 and 2 EUS-EL treatments was 20.1 ± 7.1, 17.0 ± 9.8 (P = 0.06), and 12.8 ± 9.6 mm (P = 0.0002), respectively. The mean surface area after 2 EUS-EL sessions: baseline, 5734 ± 6846 mm2; 1 EUS-EL session, 4906 ± 9240 mm2 (P = 0.52); and 2 EUS-EL sessions, 2311 ± 4093 mm2 (P = 0.008). Complete resolution of the cystic lesion was not seen by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in any patient after 1 EUS-EL but occurred in 5 (38%; P = 0.02) of 13 patients after 2 EUS-EL treatments. One patient had minor abdominal pain 1 day after the first EUS-EL session and 2 days after the second session. Conclusions: Compared with only 1 EUS-EL, 2 EUS-EL treatment results in a significantly greater decrease in the size and surface area of PCL and is associated with a significantly higher rate of image-defined cyst resolution.
[The quality of sleep associated with polypharmacy].

OBJECTIVE Study of the association between multiple medication and the quality of sleep. DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional study through two-stage sampling of 1053 people with a questionnaire and application of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Interview (PSQI). SETTING Primary care. Population covered by health centres in the province of Valladolid. POPULATION Adults over 18 who attended health centres in Valladolid province. RESULTS As consumption of multiple drugs rose, there was significant deterioration in the overall quality of sleep and each of the following components: subjective quality, latency of sleep, duration of sleep, extrinsic disturbances and consumption of sleeping draughts. No differences were found for day-time repercussions. When psychiatric drug consumption was excluded from the study (to avoid the risk of bias in psychiatric illnesses), deterioration in the quality of sleep, on adding up the remaining therapeutic groups of drugs, was still found. CONCLUSIONS The fact of consuming multiple drugs chronically may condition a deterioration in sleep quality, which will stimulate us to combat this symptom with more drugs and so further aggravate the problem. New prospective studies need to be undertaken to find out the reasons.