Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consistency, complementalness or conflictation of enterprise ontology and normalized systems business process guidelines

Both Enterprise Ontology and Normalized Systems can be cons idered as design theories, which provide prescriptive guidelines to design systems. Enterprise Ontolo gy explicitly focuses on the design of organizations as being social systems. Originally, Normalized Systems focu sed on the design of evolvable software systems. However, it has been shown that, building on the Normalized S ystems design knowledge, prescriptions for other domains, such as the business process domain, can be pr oposed as well. This domain seems to overlap at least partially with the domain of Enterprise Ontology, w hich is used to establish claims concerning process design in various publications. However, both theorie s ar based on completely different kernel theories. Therefore, this paper analyzes to which extent the guidelin es proposed for the Normalized Systems Business Processes are consistent, complementing or conflicting wit h prescriptions from Enterprise Ontology. A consistent set of prescriptions could lead to a more integrated pproach for designing integrated organizations, business processes and software systems.
Contrast-induced Nephropathy Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Tertiary Cardiac Center in Nepal

Background Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality including increased financial burden in high risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This is an observational prospective study. We aimed to study the incidence of CIN in Nepalese populations and compare the outcome to international reprinted values with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing PCI. All consecutive patients with CAD undergoing PCI between February 2010 and July 2010 were enrolled in the study. Results One hundred fifty-two patients were enrolled in the study during six months period. Twenty (13.20%) patients developed CIN following PCI. Out of them 70% were diabetics and 30% were non-diabetics. Mean age of patients was 58.5 ± 23 years; male:female ratio was 2.7:1. Mean contrast volume injected was 160.3 ± 78.3 mL. Diabetic patients 21.8% (14/64) had significant CIN compared to non-diabetic patients 6.8% (6/88) following PCI (<0.01). Conclusions CIN is a common complication following PCI especially in diabetics. Despite the use of iodinated material we had similar incidence of CIN comparing the incidence of CIN among various radiocontrast compounds used to visualize vessels. None of the patients received hemodialysis as compared to available studies and there was no observed mortality.
A new mechanism for sonoluminescence

It is argued that a pulsating acoustically levitated bubble cannot possibly maintain a spherical shape. A jet forms during compression, and the sound amplitude such that the jet first strikes the other side of the bubble with sufficient energy is hypothesized to be the threshold for sonoluminescence. It is proposed that the connection between jet impact and light emission is a fracturing of the liquid that cannot flow during the extremely short time scale over which pressure is applied. With this hypothesis, sonoluminescence would therefore be a manifestation of the non-Newtonian nature of water and other simple liquids when stressed with sufficient intensity and rapidity. © 1997 Acoustical Society of America. @S0001-4966 ~97! 03104-4#
Analytical Approximation to the Nonlinear Power Spectrum of Gravitational Clustering

This Letter presents an analytical formula that closely approximates the fully nonlinear power spectrum of matter fluctuations for redshift z ≈ 5 to 0 over a wide range of cosmologically interesting flat models with a varying matter density Ωm and neutrino fraction Ων. The functional form is motivated by analytical solutions in asymptotic regimes, but in order to obtain accurate approximations, the coefficients are calculated from fits to the nonlinear power spectra that are computed from numerical simulations of four cosmological models. The transformation from the linear to nonlinear power spectrum depends on Ωm, Ων, and time. A simple scaling rule is introduced, which greatly simplifies the construction of the functional form and allows the formula to depend directly on the rms linear mass fluctuation σ8 instead of on an effective spectral index, as in earlier work.
Children's Rights and a Capabilities Approach: The Question of Special Priority

The latter part of the twentieth century saw the near-universal recognition of the idea of children’s rights as human rights. At the same time, the conceptual basis for such rights remains largely under-theorized. Part of the aim of this article is to draw on the insights of the “capabilities approach” developed by Martha Nussbaum in philosophy, and Amartya Sen in economics, in order to provide a fuller theoretical justification of this kind. In addition, this article investigates the degree to which it will be justifiable, under such an approach, for international human rights law or national constitutions, to give special priority to children’s rights. It begins this task by first considering, and rejecting, potential justifications for such special priority based on the need to ensure the future self-reliance of children as adults and ideas about the special “innocence” of children; and, then, by developing two affirmative justifications for such special priority, based on the special vulnerability of children, and the special cost-effectiveness of protecting children’s rights. This article also explores the degree to which these principles may provide a starting point for thinking about more general trade-offs between different rights claims, or claimants, under a capabilities approach.
Competitive Devaluations—Bitter Pill or Bad Medicine?: The Case of Thailand

Devaluation and crises in emerging economies have tended to be followed by an outright economic collapse. This post-devaluation economic contraction is inconsistent with the conventional view that devaluation is expansionary/inflationary and needs to be accompanied by demand deflationary monetary and fiscal policy. This paper undertakes a detailed empirical analysis to determine whether real devaluation is contractionary rather than expansionary in the case of Thailand, which was the "trigger" country in the East Asian crisis of 1997-98.
14C Measurements at PWR-Type Nuclear Power Plants in Three Middle European Countries

Regular 14C sampling of discharged air began in 1988 at Paks Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Hungary, and in 1991 at NPPs in Krsko, Slovenia and Bohunice, Slovakia. Monitoring of 14C discharges is carried out at all NPPs with similar differential samplers continuously collecting 14C in the form of 14CO2 and 14CnHm. The main results of airborne discharge monitoring are as follows: 14C activity concentration varied roughly within a factor of two around their mean values, 125 Bq m-3 and 90 Bq m-3 for Paks and for Krsko NPP, respectively. The pattern of discharge for Bohunice NPP is slightly different from that at the other two stations. At Bohunice, there has been a continuous increase in the discharge rate at power unit V1, starting with 70 Bq m-3 in 1991 and reaching a value of 190 Bq m-3 in 1995. The values for power unit V2 are 50 Bq m-3 and 82 Bq m-3. The average normalized yearly discharge rates are 0.887 (TBqGWe -1yr-1) for Paks, 0.815 (V1) and 0.500 (V2) for Bohunice, and 0.219 for Krsko. Most of the discharged 14C is in hydrocarbon form, 95% for Paks and Bohunice V2, but the CO2 fraction may reach 25% or 43% at Bohunice V1 and Krsko, respectively. At Bohunice V1, not only the discharge rate increased but the 14CO2 ratio to the total changed from 30% to 13%. The local radiological impact is estimated to be 1.5 μSv a-1 for Paks, 1.7 μSv a-1 for Bohunice, and 0.12 μSv a-1 for Krsko. The 14C excess in the environment has been measured at Paks NPP since 1989. Based on the monitoring data, the long-term average 14C excess from the Paks NPP was D14C=50% for hydrocarbons. Tree-ring analysis has shown a slight excess around Krsko NPP: D14C is equal to 199.9% for a tree at 1 km from the NPP compared with a “reference” one for which D14C was equal to 111.6% (in 1994).
Solutions for the Cahn—Hilliard equation with many boundary spike layers

In this paper we construct new classes of stationary solutions for the Cahn–Hilliard equation by a novel approach. One of the results is as follows. Given a positive integer K and a (not necessarily non-degenerate) local minimum point of the mean curvature of the boundary, then there are boundary K-spike solutions whose peaks all approach this point. This implies that for any smooth and bounded domain there exist boundary K-spike solutions. The central ingredient of our analysis is the novel derivation and exploitation of a reduction of the energy to finite dimensions (lemma 3.5), where the variables are closely related to the peak locations.
GID-testable two-dimensional sequential arrays for self-testing

This paper presents an approach for easily testable two-dimensional sequential arrays. This approach is an extension of GID (Group Identical and Different)-testability of combinational arrays in our previous work. In a GID-testable two-dimensional array, the primary x and y outputs are organized into groups and every group has more than one output. GID-testability not only ensures that identical test responses can be obtained from every output in the same group when the array is fault free, but it also ensures at least one output has different test responses from other outputs in a group when a cell in the array is faulty. Therefore, all faults can be detected under the assumption of a single faulty cell model. It is proved that an arbitrary two-dimensional sequential array is GID-testable if seven x-states and seven y-states are added to the original flow table of the basic cell of the array. <<ETX>>
Determination of herbicide diuron levels in palm oil matrices using HPLC-UV

The objective of this study was to develop a method for the determination of diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea) residue in crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) matrices. The method involves the extraction of the herbicide from the oil matrix using low temperature precipitation and solid phase extraction techniques, detected by high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet (HPLC-UV). The HPLC separation was carried out on an AscentisTM RP-Amide column and elution with acetonitrile (solvent A) and water-methanol (2:1, v/v) (solvent B) as a suitable solvent system, at ratio of 4:6 (v/v). The optimum volume of acetonitrile for the extraction of diuron was 30 mL and 4 mL was obtained as the optimum volume of the solvent for elution analyte through the SPE cartridge. A linear correlation was obtained for the concentration of diuron from 0.05–1.0 μg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The recovery of diuron from CPO was 83.2–101.4% with a relative standard deviation of 1.4–9.9% and 79.4–87.9% with relative standard deviation of 0.9–5.6% for CPKO. The method detection limit and limit of quantification obtained were 0.018 μg g-1 and 0.058 μg g-1, respectively. The method was used to determine diuron residues in palm oil from different refineries situated at different locations throughout Malaysia
The Murdoch Early Intervention Program After 2 Years

The goal of the Murdoch Early Intervention Program (MEIP) was to replicate the intensive early intervention program designed by Lovaas for children with severe developmental disability and autism. This paper describes the objectives, methods, and the results as of 24 months. Although MEIP differs from Lovaas's model in several respects, and the children have been generally less capable at the outset, results are interpreted tentatively as being as predicted. Four of 9 experimental children have shown signs of approaching normal levels of functioning whereas 1 of 5 control children has made significant progress. Improvements in the remainder of the children are rated as moderate to minimal. These preliminary results are presented to encourage others working with children with autism and other difficult-to-teach children to publish their methods and results. The small number of children in any one locality, and the high cost of controlled studies indicates the necessity for accumulating findings across service providers.
Towards an integrated approach to stochastic process-based modelling: with applications to animal behaviour and spatio-temporal spread

Using example applications from our recent research we illustrate the development of an integrated approach to modelling biological processes based on stochastic modelling techniques. The goal of this programme of research is to provide a suite of mathematical and statistical methods to enable models to play a more central role in the development of scientific understanding of complex biological systems. The resulting framework should allow models to both inform, and be informed by data collection, and enable probabilistic risk assessments to reflect inherent variability and uncertainty in current knowledge of the system in question. We focus on discrete state-space Markov processes as they provide a general and flexible framework both to describe and infer the behaviour of a broad range of systems. Unfortunately the nonlinearities required to model many real world systems typically mean that such discrete state-space stochastic processes are intractable to analytic solution necessitating the use of simulation and analytic approximations. We show how to formulate stochastic process-based models within this framework and discuss the representation of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Simple population models are developed and used to illustrate these concepts. We describe how to simulate from such models, and compare them with their deterministic counterparts. In addition, we discuss two methods, closure schemes and linearization about steady-states, which can be used to obtain analytic insights in to model behaviour. We outline how to conduct parameter estimation for such models when, as is typically the case for biological and agricultural systems, only partial observations are available. Having focussed on familiar population level models in introducing our integrated approach its wider applicability is illustrated by two contrasting applications from our recent research. The first example combines the development and analysis of an agent-based model describing grazing in heterogeneous environments, with parameter inference based on data generated using a transponder system in a behavioural experiment on diary cows. The second example makes use of large-scale data describing bio-geographical features of the landscape and the spatio-temporal spread of an alien plant to estimate the parameters of a stochastic model of dispersal and establishment.
Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised

T h e r e v i s e d e d i t i o n o f t h e O c c u p a t i o n a l S t r e s s I n v e n t o r y (OSI-RTM) i s d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e s e c t i o n s , t h e O c c u p a t i o n a l R o l e Q u e s t i o n n a i r e (ORQ), t h e P e r s o n a l S t r a i n Q u e s t i o n n a i r e (PSQ), a n d t h e P e r s o n a l R e s o u r c e s Q u e s t i o n n a i r e (PRQ). T h e s e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s p r o v i d e a c o n c i s e m e a s u r e o f t h r e e i m p o r t a n t d i m e n s i o n s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l a d j u s t m e n t : o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r e s s , p s y c h o l o g i c a l s t r a i n , a n d c o p i n g r e s o u r c e s . F o r e a c h o f t h e s e d i m e n s i o n s , s c a l e s m e a s u r e s p e c i f i c a t t r i b u t e s o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t o r i n d i v i d u a l t h a t r e p r e s e n t i m p o r t a n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l adjustment.
The Impact of the Collaborative Economy on the Labour Market

The digitalisation of work is creating new ways of intermediating work, with for example platforms intermediating work between individuals online. These so-called online collaborative platforms have the potential to fundamentally change the labour market, but for the moment, with an estimated 100,000 active workers or 0.05% of total employees in the EU, they do seem to have a large impact on the offline/traditional labour market or the create/destroy impetus. This paper analyses the direct and indirect impact of the collaborative economy on the labour market. The findings, based on a collection of empirical studies, suggest that most workers do not earn their main income through online platforms and they obtain earnings from different types of platforms. Earnings from physical/local services are, in general, substantially higher than virtual services that can potentially be delivered globally. The paper also assesses the conditions, number of hours worked and employment status, compared to the offline labour market, and finds shows large differences across types of workers, platforms, and countries. The emergence of online collaborative platforms poses some challenges and opportunities for policy-makers. On the one hand, they may be challenged to ensure minimum remuneration, fair evaluation, tax declaration and social protection, and reduction of the administrative burden. On the other hand, the new technologies may provide opportunities to (partially) liberate some professional services and activate specific groups at a distance away from the labour market. This paper was commissioned by the European Commission as input into its European Agenda for the Collaborative Economy. This Agenda will take account of the direct and indirect impact of the collaborative economy on the labour market.
Quality Factors of Test Cases: A Systematic Literature Review

The use of high quality test cases enable the detection of software defect which eventually helps in ensuring the quality of software before being released to end users. Unfortunately, at the moment, the criteria of good test cases are still vague without any specific model to measure the quality of the test cases. Therefore, this study aims to identify the criteria of good test cases based on the findings from studies conducted within the years 2010 to 2018. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by Kitchenham approach was adapted in order to comprehensively identify the related criteria. From the review, a total of 310 related articles were found from the IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Science Direct databases. The search was then narrowed down using specific key-words and as a result the number relevant articles ended up to 14.From the review of these articles, 30 quality factors of the test cases were identified. These quality factors were further examined, categorized and finalized to be included as the quality factors of test cases evaluation metrics.
Government spending shocks, sovereign risk and the exchange rate regime

Keynesian theory predicts output responses upon a fiscal expansion in a small open economy to be larger under fixed than floating exchange rates. We analyse the effects of fiscal expansions using a New Keynesian model and find that the reverse holds in the presence of sovereign default risk. By raising sovereign risk, a fiscal expansion worsens private credit conditions and reduces consumption; these adverse effects are offset by an exchange rate depreciation and a rise in exports under a float, yet not under a peg. We find that output responses can even be negative when exchange rates are held fixed, suggesting the possibility of expansionary fiscal consolidations.
FALLING LABOR INCOME INEQUALITY IN KOREA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH: PATTERNS AND UNDERLYING CAUSES

Over the last twenty-five years, the economy of the Republic of Korea achieved a remarkable growth rate of 7 percent per year in real per capita income, causing it to be labeled, justifiably, as a "miracle economy. " This exceptional economic growth has been accompanied by an even more exceptional fall in labor income inequality. Using a newly-developed methodology, we use data from Korea's Occupational Wage Surveys to quantify the importance of various factors that have contributed to the fall in labor income inequality in Korea. We find the most important factors explaining the level of income inequality are job tenure, gender, years of education, and occupation, while those that are most important in explaining the change in income inequality are years of education, industry, occupation, and potential experience. Copyright 2000 by The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.
Gender Inequality and Economic Development: Fertility, Education and Norms

We document the evolution of gender inequality in labour market outcomes—earnings, labour supply and wage rates—over the path of economic development, and present evidence on the potential reasons for this evolution. To this end, we have created a micro database that compiles 248 surveys from 53 countries between 1967 and 2014, covering a wide range of per capita income levels. There is large convergence in the earnings of men and women over the path of development, driven by female labour force participation and wage rates. We argue that the single most important factor behind this convergence is demographic transition: the effects of children on gender gaps (‘child penalties’) are large at both low and high levels of development, but fertility declines drastically over the growth process and thus reduces the aggregate implications of children. We also document gender convergence in educational attainment and consider its effects on earnings inequality, arguing that these are significant but less dramatic than the effects of fertility. Finally, we document striking changes in the values or norms surrounding the role of women with children, implying that such changes could serve as a reinforcing mechanism for gender convergence.
Existence results for Hele–Shaw flow driven by surface tension

This paper addresses short-time existence and uniqueness of a solution to the N-dimensional Hele–Shaw flow problem with surface tension as driving mechanism. Global existence in time and exponential decay of the solution near equilibrium are also proved. The results are obtained in Sobolev spaces Hs with sufficiently large s. The main tools are perturbations of a fixed reference domain, linearization with respect to these perturbations, a quasilinearization argument based on a geometric invariance property, and a priori energy estimates.
A continuum–mechanical formulation for shallow polythermal ice sheets

This paper is concerned with a new theoretical approach to model grounded ice sheets in three dimensions. These are considered as polythermal, i.e. there will be regions with temperatures below the pressure melting point (‘cold ice’) and regions with temperatures exactly at the pressure melting point (‘temperate ice’). In the latter, small quantities of water may occur. Based on previous approaches, an improved theory of polythermal ice sheets is developed, which is founded on continuum–thermodynamic balance relations and jump conditions for mass, momentum and energy. The rheological behaviour is assumed to be that of an incompressible, nonlinear viscous and heat conducting fluid; because of the dependence of viscosity on temperature and on water content, the problem is thermo–mechanically coupled. After presenting analytic solutions for a simple geometry (ice sheet of uniform depth), the theory is subjected to a scaling procedure with the assumptions of a small aspect ratio (ratio between typical vertical dimension and typical horizontal dimension) and a small Froude number. This leads to the introduction of the polythermal shallow–ice approximation (SIA) equations. Finally, as an application of the model to a real problem, a numerically computed steady–state solution for the Greenland Ice Sheet under present climate conditions is presented and compared with the real ice sheet.