Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rigid-Body Kinematics Versus Flapping Kinematics of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle

Several formulations have been proposed to model the dynamics of ornithopters, with inconclusive results regarding the need for complex kinematic formulations. Furthermore, the impact of assumptions made in the collected results was never assessed by comparing simulations with real flight data. In this study two dynamic models of a Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle (FWMAV) were derived and compared: a) single rigid body aircraft equations of motion and b) Virtual Work Principle derivation for multiple rigid body flapping kinematics. The aerodynamic forces and moments were compared by feeding the states that were reconstructed from the position and attitude data of a 17 gram free flying FWMAV into the dynamic equations of both formulations. To understand the applicability of rigid body formulations to FWMAVs, six wing-to-body mass ratios and two wing configurations were studied using real flight data. The results show that rigid body models are valid for the aerodynamic reconstruction of FWMAVs with four wings in ‘X’ configuration and two-winged FWMAV with a total wing-to-body mass ratio below 24% and 5.6%, respectively, without considerable information loss.
Numerical and Non-numerical Predictors of First Graders’ Number-Line Estimation Ability

Children’s ability to map numbers into a spatial context has been shown to be a powerful predictor of math performance. Here, we investigate how three types of cognitive abilities – approximate number processing ability, symbolic number processing ability, and non-numerical cognitive abilities – predict 0–100 number-line estimation performance in first graders. While each type of measure predicts number-line performance when considered individually, when considered together, only symbolic number comparison and non-verbal reasoning predicted unique variance in number-line estimation. Moreover, the relation between symbolic number comparison and number-line ability was stronger for male students than for female students, suggesting potential gender differences in the way boys and girls accomplish mapping numbers into space. These results suggest that number-line estimation ability is largely reflective of the precision with which symbolic magnitudes are represented (at least among boys). Our findings therefore suggest that promoting children’s understanding of symbolic, rather than non-symbolic, numerical magnitudes may help children learn better from number-lines in the classroom.
Study Of Facial Soft Tissues With Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Alongside traditional radiology, in recent decades, diagnostics have seen the emergence of new techniques that do not employ x radiation and are therefore considered harmless and no radiating. MRI allows to see human body structures differently depending on the type of reading parameters set in the device and are particularly effective for the study of the central nervous system, parenchymas, muscles and joints. Although MRI has at this time some marginal applications for odontostomatological d iagnos is i t can be used for imaging o f temporomandibular joint and chewing muscles.
Testing the measures of a man: a validity analysis of six masculinity norms

Very few studies have investigated the construct validity of measures of masculinity. This study analyzed multitrait multimethod matrices of male and female subscale scores from the Male Role Norms Inventory-Revised (MRNI-R), the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI), and the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS). Six subscales were of interest. Specifically, measures of dominance, homophobia, restrictive emotionality, nonrelational sexuality, aggression, and self reliance were given to 176 undergraduates from a large university in Utah. Subscale correlations were compared to indicate convergent and discriminant validity, as well as method effects, for each masculinity measure. Generally, the measures performed slightly better among males than females and the multidimensional structure of the CMNI was supported. Surprisingly, results indicated modest or poor validity among many of the subscales. These results were explained in terms of a construct confound on the GRCS, a very high method effect for the MRNI-R, and inconsistency between constructs and definitions among the measures. Finally, a preliminary content analysis of masculinity scales generated hypotheses about convergence between masculinity science and other social science disciplines. Limitations of this study and recommendations for future research were noted.
Interrelationship among blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and life-style in middle-aged and older Japanese residents

To clarify the interrelationship among blood pressure (BP), intraocular pressure (IOP), and life-style related factors, a cross-sectional study was conducted. This epidemiological study analyzed health examination data obtained between 2001 and 2004 from 1113 Japanese individuals, ranging in age 28 to 79 years, who had not undergone any ocular surgery or medical treatment for hypertension, ocular hypertension, and glaucoma. The association of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), and life-style related factors such as body mass index (BMI), drinking, smoking, and exercise habits with IOP were evaluated by multiple regression analyses and analyses of covariance. The results of this study showed that SBP, DBP, and BMI had a significantly positive association with IOP in both sexes. In men, the number of cigarette smoking per day was also positively related to IOP (P
Relationships between conceptions of learning approaches to study and students' judgements about the value of their experiences of networked learning

This paper reports on an enquiry into relationships between students' views of their experiences of participating in networked learning courses and data on their conceptions of learning and approaches to study. It has been suggested in the literature on networked learning that students with more sophisticated conceptions of learning and students who take a deep approach to learning are more likely to benefit from, and have positive experiences of, networked learning. Drawing on a sample of almost 180 undergraduate social science students on four networked learning courses, we established that there were no strong links between students' judgements about their experience of networked learning and either their conceptions of learning or their approach to study. Further research is needed, but a practical implication of this study is that it is reasonable to expect all students to have positive experiences on well-designed and well-managed networked learning courses - not just those students with more sophisticated conceptions of learning or deep approaches to study. DOI:10.1080/0968776030110103
Local Derivations on C* - algebras are derivations

Kadison has shown that local derivations from a von Neumann algebra into any dual bimodule are derivations. In this paper we extend this result to local derivations from any C∗-algebra A into any Banach A-bimodule X. Most of the work is involved with establishing this result when A is a commutative C∗-algebra with one self-adjoint generator. A known result of the author about Jordan derivations then completes the argument. We show that these results do not extend to the algebra C1[0, 1] of continuously differentiable functions on [0, 1]. We also give an automatic continuity result, that is, we show that local derivations on C∗-algebras are continuous even if not assumed
The Lemons Problem in a Labor Market with Intrinsic Motivation: When Higher Salaries Pay Worse Workers

We study the Lemons Problem when workers have private information on both their skills and their intrinsic motivation. When workers are motivated, ine¢ ciencies due to adverse selection are mitigated and a change in salaries may have unexpected consequences. With a su¢ ciently strong and positive association between motivation and productivity, a wage increase may attract less motivated and also less productive workers. When the association is positive but small, it instead may attract more productive and also more motivated workers. Our theoretical analysis reconciles contrasting empirical evidence on vocational sectors such as for public servants, teachers, health professionals and politicians. Our results also inform the current policy debate on whether it is possible to improve the overall quality of workers by changing their salary.
Erosional control on the dynamics of low-convergence rate continental plateau margins

S U M M A R Y Over the last decade, thermomechanical models have revealed the control of both tectonics and erosion on the morphology of continental plateaus margins. However, unravelling the specific effects of these two coupled processes has been difficult in practice. Here, to assess the control of erosion, we investigate the dynamics of the eastern and the northern borders of the Tibetan Plateau, which are characterized by a low convergence rate and a steep topographic escarpment adjacent to the Sichuan and Tarim basins, respectively. Thermomechanical modelling of continental lithosphere coupled with fluvial denudation reveals that important crustal deformation with large-scale horizontal displacements can occur, without any convergence, as a response to mass transfer due to gravitational collapse and to erosional unloading. These processes are sensitive to crustal structure, geothermal gradient as well as surface erosion. At a timescale of several million years, our results suggest that this denudation-triggered deformation exerts a primary control on the evolution of those plateau margins by counterbalancing the mass removal due to erosion and stabilizing the topographic escarpment. This finding supports a possible explanation for the morphology of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet, in which the paradoxical combination of persistent high-topographic gradients close to the foreland and low convergence rates can be related to the influence of erosion on deformation patterns.
Growth and Maturation of Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in Icelandic Waters

Growth and maturation of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), in Icelandic waters have shown considerable spatial and temporal variation in the past several decades. After 1988 haddock have matured much earlier than in earlier decades and haddock in some areas appear to mature young and also show stunted growth. The paper compares possible reasons for this phenomenon and evaluates different models of the growth-maturation process through the use of otolith radii and length-at-age as well as biological samples from groundfish surveys and commercial catches. It is found that there is considerable spatial and temporal variation in growth and maturity. Some of the variability may be due to some form of competition among year-classes whereas there are also indications of a link between growth and maturation in certain areas.
Grooming Classifications

The objective of this paper is to test the exchange rate regime-growth nexus in transition economies by looking at if, and how, some inherent characteristics of the transition process might have affected the classification of de facto exchange rate regimes. Twenty-eight transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States are investigated over 1991-2007, and three systems for classifying de facto exchange rate regimes are considered. As in the empirical literature, the exchange rate regime effect on growth initially differs depending on the classification system. However, further investigation suggests that the three classification systems differ with respect to some inherent characteristics of the transition process, like the increased trade openness of the countries, episodes of high inflation, banking system reform, and interest rate liberalization. This study's results indicate that high inflation likely caused the disagreement as to how to classify different regimes in the early transition period, while trade openness and interest rate liberalization caused such disagreement in the late transition period. After these points of disagreement are cleared up and potential selectivity bias is corrected for, the final results suggest that in all three classification systems, both pegs and intermediate regimes significantly outperform floats in terms of economic growth—the average effect being slightly lower for pegs.
Effects of plot size on the ordination of vegetation samples

Abstract Questions: Do ordination patterns differ when based on vegetation samples recorded in plots of different size? If so, how large is the effect of plot size relative to the effects of data set heterogeneity and of using presence/absence or cover-abundance data? Can we combine plots of different size in a single ordination? Methods: Two homogeneous and two heterogeneous data sets were sampled in Czech forests and grasslands. Cover-abundances of plant species were recorded in series of five or six nested quadrats of increasing size (forest 49-961 m2; grassland 1-49 m2). Separate ordinations were computed for plots of each size for each data set, using either species presences/absences or cover-abundances recorded on an ordinal scale. Ordination patterns were compared with Procrustean analysis. Also, ordinations of data sets jointly containing plots of different size were calculated; effects of plot size were evaluated using a Monte Carlo test in constrained ordination. Results: The results were consistent between forest and grassland data sets. In homogeneous data sets, the effect of presence/absence vs. cover-abundance was similar to, or larger than, the effect of plot size; for presence/absence data the differences between ordinations of differently sized plots were smaller than for cover-abundance data. In heterogeneous data sets, the effect of plot size was larger than the effect of presence-absence vs. cover-abundance. The plots of smaller size (≤ 100 m2 in forests, ≤ 4 m2 in grasslands) yielded the most deviating ordination patterns. Joint ordinations of differently sized plots mostly did not yield patterns that would be artifacts of different plot size, except for plots from the homogeneous data sets that differed in size by a factor of four or higher. Conclusions: Variation in plot size does influence ordination patterns. Smaller plots tend to produce less stable ordination patterns, especially in data sets with low β-diversity and species cover-abundances. Data sets containing samples from plots of different sizes can be used for ordination if they represent vegetation with large β-diversity. However, if data sets are homogeneous, i.e. with low β-diversity, the differences in plot sizes should not be very large, in order to avoid the danger of plot size differences distorting the real vegetation differentiation in ordination patterns.
If God Were a Human Rights Activist: Human Rights and the Challenge of Political Theologies

Citing the inability of conventional human rights thinking to address the ̳strong‘ questions raised by our times, this article pursues a twofold objective: to identify the major challenges that the rise of political theologies at the beginning of the twentieth-first century posed to human rights; and second, to select within a broad landscape of theological analysis the types of reflections and practices that might contribute to expand and deepen the canon of human rights politics. In order to achieve this double goal the article uses complexity as its main analytical guideline making distinctions from which significant consequences were drawn: on one side, distinctions among different types of political theologies (pluralist versus revelationist, traditionalist versus progressive); and, on the other, between two contrasting discourses and practices of human rights politics (hegemonic versus counter-hegemonic). Depending on the circumstances, even conventional or hegemonic human rights struggles may be a progressive tool against social practices and norms derived from traditionalist and revelationist theologies. Pluralist and progressive theologies, in turn, may be a source of radical energy toward more ambitious, counter-hegemonic human rights struggles.
A simple new equation for the reversible temperature dependence of photosynthetic electron transport: a study on soybean leaf.

The temperature response of Jmax, the irradiance-saturated potential rate of photosynthetic electron transport in the absence of Rubisco limitation, has usually been modelled by a complicated, modified Arrhenius type of equation. Light saturation can be difficult to achieve and reduces the precision of fluorescence measurements. Consequently, we calculated the rate of electron transport at 1200 μmol photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) quanta m-2 s-1 from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on intact soybean leaves [Glycine max (L.) Merr] as temperature increased from 15 to 43°C with 1250 μmol mol-1 ambient [CO2]. Electron transport rate was maximal around 37°C and the decline in rate following further increases in leaf temperature to 43°C was found to be completely reversible immediately upon return to lower temperatures. We report a convenient, new equation for the temperature dependence of the rate of electron transport under high irradiance:.
Canard solutions and bifurcations in smooth models of plane structure variable systems

Systems that operate in different modes with quick transition are usually studied through discontinuous systems. We give a model of a smoothing of the transition between two vector fields along a separation line, allowing perturbations of the vector fields and of the separation line. In this model there appears a canard phenomenon in certain macroscopically indeterminate situations. This phenomenon gives a new point of view on some situations usually studied through discontinuous bifurcations. We also study the dynamics near the transition line through an associated slow-fast system and compare the slow dynamics with the classical theory, namely, sliding mode dynamics in variable structure systems and equivalent control.
RESIDUAL EMPIRICAL PROCESS FOR DIFFUSION PROCESSES

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the residual empirical process from diffusion processes. For this task, adopting the discrete sampling scheme as in Florens-Zmirou [9], we calculate the residuals and construct the residual empirical process. It is shown that the residual empirical process converges weakly to a Brownian bridge.
Sprint Acceleration Mechanics in Fatigue Conditions: Compensatory Role of Gluteal Muscles in Horizontal Force Production and Potential Protection of Hamstring Muscles

Aim: Hamstring muscle injury is the main injury related to sports requiring sprint acceleration. In addition, hamstring muscles have been reported to play a role in horizontal force production during sprint acceleration performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze (i) the determinants of horizontal force production and (ii) the role of hip extensors, and hamstring muscles in particular, for horizontal force production during repeated sprint-induced fatigue conditions. Method: In this experimental laboratory setting study including 14 sprint-trained male athletes, we analyzed (i) the changes in sprint mechanics, peak torque of the knee and hip extensors and flexors, muscle activity of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus, and sagittal plane lower limb motion, before and after twelve 6-s sprints separated by 44 s rest on an instrumented motorized treadmill, and (ii) the determinants of horizontal force production (FH) during the sprint acceleration in a fatigue state (after 12 sprints). Results: The repeated-sprint protocol induced a decrease in maximal power output (Pmax) [-17.5 ± 8.9%; effect size (ES): 1.57, large] and in the contact-averaged horizontal force component (FH) (-8.6 ± 8.4%; ES: 0.86, moderate) but not meaningful changes in the contact-averaged resultant (total) force (FTot) (-3.4 ± 2.9%; ES: 0.55, small) and vertical force component (FV) (-3.1 ± 3.2%; ES: 0.49, small). A decrease was found in concentric peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors and in gluteus and vastus lateralis muscle activity during entire swing and end-of-swing phase. An increase was found in contact time and swing time, while step frequency and knee speed before ground contact decreased. Muscular determinants associated with FH and its decrease after the repeated-sprint protocol were concentric peak torque of the hip extensors (p = 0.033) and a decrease in gluteus maximus activity at the end-of-swing (p = 0.007), respectively. Conclusion: Sprint-induced fatigue lead to changes in horizontal force production muscular determinants: hamstring muscle seems not to have the same role than in non-fatigue condition. Horizontal force production seems to be more dependent on the hip extensors and gluteus maximus function. Given the fatigue-induced decrease in hamstring muscle strength, we can hypothesize that muscle compensatory and kinematic strategies reported in a fatigued state could be an adaptation to allow/maintain performance and a protective adaptation to limit hamstring muscles constraints.
EFFECT OF INITIAL LOAN APPRAISAL ON THE NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN AGRICULTURAL FINANCE INSTITUTIONS

Purpose: In the recent past Agricultural Finance Corporation has experienced huge non-performing loan portfolio. This has been to the tune of 5 billion comprising of 2500 clients. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the contributors of non-performing loan to agricultural finance institution. The study sought to determine the effect of initial loan appraisal, the extent to which loanees’ level of financial management skill affect NPL, and effect of credit policies and loan recovery strategies on nonperformance of loans at AFC. Methodology: The study adopted a case study research design. Data was collected by using questionnaires administered by the researcher. The research targeted a single unit AFC. A total of 4 heads of department from credit, debt collection and recovery, Finance and Audit were targeted to respond to the questionnaire. The selection of the 4 heads was based on purposive sampling method. In addition 36 credit officers and 16 branch managers were selected using stratified and random sampling method as respondent to the study. This gave a total of 54 respondents. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics utilizing SPSS. Results: The research findings showed that there was a significant positive relationship between loan appraisal and ratio of non-performing loan to total advances. This implies that as the process of loan appraisal is improved and done properly, the loan performance also improves similarly. Therefore, if initial loan appraisal is not done properly it will lead to more non-performing loan Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that AFC top management should create a working relationship with other lending institutions to ensure that farmers do not abuse the well-kept farming financial records to acquire more loans from the other financial institutions whose recovery could create huge NPL on the part of AFC loans advanced to them.
PENGGUNAAN LEMBAR KERJA BERORIENTASI PENDEKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES UNTUK MELATIHKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SMP

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP setelah menggunakan lembar kerja berorientasi pendekatan proses sains. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yaitu penelitian yang mendeskripsikan hasil keterampilan proses sains yang dilatihkan pada siswa SMP Al Falah Ketintang Surabaya dan siswa SMP Al Falah Deltasari Sidoarjo dengan menggunakan Lembar Kerja yang berorientasi pendekatan keterampilan proses. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan proses sains siswa mengalami peningkatan setelah menggunakan Lembar Kerja yang berorientasi pendekatan keterampilan proses.Kata Kunci : lembar kerja siswa, keterampilan proses sains