Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints on local primordial non-Gaussianity from large scale structure

Recent work has shown that the local non-Gaussianity parameter fNL induces a scale dependent bias, whose amplitude is growing with scale. Here we first rederive this result within the context of the peak–background split formalism and show that it only depends on the assumption of universality of the mass function, assuming that the halo bias only depends on the mass. We then use the extended Press–Schechter formalism to argue that this assumption may be violated and that the scale dependent bias will depend on other properties, such as the merging history of halos. In particular, in the limit of recent mergers we find that the effect is suppressed. Next we use these predictions in conjunction with a compendium of large scale data to put a limit on the value of fNL. When combining all data assuming that the halo occupation depends only on the halo mass, we get a limit of −29 (−65)<fNL<+70 (+93) at 95% (99.7%) confidence. While we use a wide range of data sets, our combined result is dominated by the signal from the SDSS photometric quasar sample. If the latter are modeled as recent mergers then the limits weaken to −31 (−96)<fNL<+70 (+96). These limits are comparable to the strongest current limits from the Wilkinson Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) five-year analysis, with no evidence of a positive signal in fNL. While the method needs to be thoroughly tested against large scale structure simulations with realistic quasar and galaxy formation models, our results indicate that this is a competitive method relative to the cosmic microwave background one and should be further pursued both observationally and theoretically.
Reliability of the mouse model of choroidal neovascularization induced by laser photocoagulation.

PURPOSE We attempted to reproduce published studies that evaluated whether the following factors influence choroidal neovascularization (CNV) induced by laser photocoagulation in murine retinas: small interfering RNA (siRNA), cobra venom factor, complement factors C3 and C5, and complement receptor C5aR. In addition, we explored whether laser-induced CNV in mice was influenced by the vendor of origin of the animals. METHODS Reagents or genotypes reported by others to influence CNV in this model were assessed using our standard procedures. Retrospective analyses of control or placebo mice in many experiments were done to evaluate whether the CNV area induced by laser photocoagulation varied according to vendor. RESULTS Administration of the following agents did not have a substantial impact on the CNV induced by laser burns in mice: siRNA, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of the C5a receptor (PMX53), or cobra venom factor. Jackson Laboratory (JAX) mice lacking either C3 or C5 had increased neovascularization compared to non-littermate JAX wild-type controls. Taconic mice lacking C3 had reduced CNV compared to non-littermate Taconic wild-type control mice. A retrospective analysis of vehicle-treated wild-type C57BL/6 mice used as controls across 132 experiments conducted from 2007 to 2010 revealed that mice purchased from JAX or from Charles River produced less neovascularization than mice from Taconic. CONCLUSIONS We present our recommended methods for conducting experiments with the mouse laser-induced CNV model to enhance reproducibility and minimize investigator bias.
Atrito interfacial em escoamento anular transicional

o objetivo deste trabalho e estudar o atrito interfacial em escoamentos anulares co-correntes ascendentes na condicao proxima da reversao de fluxo. O fenomeno foi experimentado em laboratorio utilizando-se ar e agua como fluidos de trabalho. Os resultados sao apresentados e comparados com outros da literatura, validando assim os experimentos realizados. E proposta uma correlacao para o calculo da fracao de vazio baseada no modelo de deslizamento. Tambem e proposta uma correlacao para o calculo do coeficiente de atrito interfacial baseada na analise das forcas predominantes no escoamento. A interrelacao entre estas grandezas do escoamento foi obtida a partir da aplicacao do modelo de dois fluidos ao escoamento anular, com as simplificacoes que se aplicam. A aplicabilidade da correlacao obtida estende-se desde os escoamentos anulares com filme fino ("rough annular flow") a escoamentos proximos da reversao de fluxo (escoamento anular transicional) Abstract
Trend Prediction and Decomposed Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions in Jiangsu Province during 2015–2020

According to the economic and energy consumption statistics in Jiangsu Province, we combined the GM (1, 1) grey model and polynomial regression to forecast carbon emissions. Historical and projected emissions were decomposed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) approach to assess the relative contribution of different factors to emission variability. The results showed that carbon emissions will continue to increase in Jiangsu province during 2015–2020 period and cumulative carbon emissions will increase by 39.5487 million tons within the forecast period. The growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita plays the greatest positive role in driving carbon emission growth. Furthermore, the improvement of energy usage efficiency is the primary factor responsible for reducing carbon emissions. Factors of population, industry structure adjustment and the optimization of fuel mix also help to reduce carbon emissions. Based on the LMDI analysis, we provide some advice for policy-makers in Jiangsu and other provinces in China.
One size fits all: laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy for the treatment of achalasia irrespective of the degree of dilatation

Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy is the most common surgical procedure to treat achalasia. It is the most accepted therapy for non-advanced stages of the disease. In the setting of advanced disease with marked esophageal dilatation or sigmoid-shaped esophagus the ideal surgical procedure is debatable. Esophagectomy is believed by several authors to be the operation of choice in these cases. Others; however, opt for less invasive alternatives. Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy has been shown to be a safe and resourceful alternative in end-stage achalasia as well.
Development and testing of a detector system for trapped humans in building ruins

The necessity of developing a high performance human life detector system, to support rescue operations after an earthquake disaster, is addressed by using CW Doppler radar. Various configurations are examined, regarding the transmitted frequency, antenna type and signal processing techniques. The major problem that hinders the performance of such a system is the high attenuation of electromagnetic waves through ruin materials, especially concrete.
The Integral Nature of Encounter Rate in Predicting Livestock Depredation Risk

Carnivore depredation of livestock is one of the primary drivers of human-carnivore conflict globally, threatening the well-being of livestock owners, and fueling large carnivore population declines. Interventions designed to reduce carnivore depredation typically center around predictions of depredation risk. However, these spatial risk models tend to be informed by data depicting the number of livestock attacked by carnivores. Importantly, such models omit key stages in the predation sequence which are required to predict predation risk, or in this case depredation risk. Applying the classic predation risk model defined by Lima and Dill demonstrates that depredation risk is dependent upon quantifying the rates at which carnivores encounter livestock before attacking. However, encounter rate is challenging to estimate, necessitating novel data collection systems. We developed and applied such a system to quantify carnivore-livestock encounters at livestock corrals (i.e., bomas) across a 9-month period in Central Kenya. Concurrently, we monitored the number of livestock attacked by carnivores at these bomas. We calculated carnivore-livestock encounter rates, attack rates, and depredation risk at the boma. We detected 1,383 instances in which carnivores encountered livestock at the bomas. However, we only recorded seven attacks. We found that the encounter rate and attack rate for spotted hyenas were almost six and three times higher than that for any other species, respectively. Consequently, spotted hyenas posed the greatest depredation risk for livestock at the boma. We argue that better understanding of carnivore-livestock encounter rates is necessary for effective prediction and mitigation of carnivore depredation of livestock.
Dopamine D2High receptors moderately elevated by bifeprunox and aripiprazole

Because long‐term antipsychotics elicit behavioral dopamine supersensitivity, the present study examined whether 7–9 days administration of partial dopamine D2 agonists with antipsychotic activity, bifeprunox and aripiprazole, could induce biochemical changes that suggest dopamine supersensitivity. In rats, behavioral dopamine supersensitivity is associated with increased dopamine D2High receptors in homogenized striata. In control rat striata, bifeprunox and aripiprazole had similar Ki values at D2 receptors. In human cloned D2Long receptors, however, aripiprazole had a Ki of 9.6 nM and recognized 41% of the D2 receptors to be in the D2High state, while the values for bifeprunox were 1.3 nM and 69%, indicating that bifeprunox had higher potency and efficacy at D2. Nine days of subcutaneously injected bifeprunox (0.25 mg/kg/day) and 7 days of aripiprazole (1.5 mg/kg) increased D2High receptors by 102–129% and 108–188%, respectively, although the total population of D2 receptors revealed no significant changes. The increase in D2high receptors induced by dopamine D2 partial agonists appear to be of smaller magnitude than those seen previously with D2 antagonist antipsychotics. Future research needs to test directly whether long‐term treatment with dopamine partial agonists leads to any behavioral dopamine supersensitivity. Synapse 62:902–908, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute Deformity Correction of Lower Extremities Under SSEP-Monitoring Control

Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring was performed in eight children who had undergone an acute deformity correction in the lower extremities using external fixation. Five patients showed stable evoked potentials during surgery and had no neurologic complications postoperatively. Three patients experienced evoked potential abnormalities. In one patient, 60° external rotation of the foot produced significant SSEP changes. The reduction of rotation to 40° resulted in tibial but not peroneal SSEP recovery. Peroneal nerve deficit was noted postoperatively. The second patient showed substantial SSEP attenuation after 45° correction of distal tibial valgus. However, spontaneous recovery of the response occurred, which allowed maintenance of the achieved correction. In a third patient, significant SSEP changes occurred after 90° external rotation and 10 mm medial translation of the distal femur. Total release of translation allowed 75° external rotation without SSEP abnormalities. Neither of the latter two patients had peripheral nerve deficits postoperatively. Intraoperative SSEP monitoring thus helps to define a neurologically safe limit of acute deformity correction.
Emergence of Axonal Tracts in the Developing Brain of the Turbot (Psetta maxima)

In this study we have investigated the pattern of morphogenesis and axogenesis in the turbot brain during embryonic and early larval stages with immunohistochemistry using an antibody against acetylated tubulin. The first immunoreactive elements were detected at 74 h post-fertilization in fibers running in the medial and lateral longitudinal fascicles. Newly positive axonal bundles are progressively added during development forming rostrocaudally directed tracts. The tract of the postoptic commissure appears at 86 h post-fertilization located rostrally to the medial longitudinal fascicle. Together, the medial longitudinal fascicle and the tract of the postoptic commissure constitute a major longitudinal axonal pathway, which is extended rostrally in embryos of 98 h post-fertilization by the supraoptic tract. In the forebrain, two vertical tracts, the tract of the posterior commissure (appearing around 98 h post-fertilization) and the tract of the anterior commissure (detected at 110 h post-fertilization) project descending axons to the pre-existing axonal longitudinal pathway. These early tracts are connected by four associated commissures (ventral tegmental, postoptic, posterior and anterior commissure). Some groups of labeled cell bodies are identified either as the origin of the embryonic tracts or contributing axons to the axonal pathways. Additionally, a conspicuous cluster of large cells, not clearly associated with any axonal bundle, was observed from 98 h post-fertilization lining the caudal floor of the presumptive hypothalamus. Several hypotheses are proposed to determine the nature of these cells. A comparison of the emergence of the axonal circuitry in turbot and that of other teleosts reveals significant analogies, suggesting that a common pattern underlies the establishment of the embryonic tracts in this vertebrate group. The minor differences observed between different teleost species, associated with the absence of some axonal fascicles, is also considered.
EphrinA1–EphA2 interaction‐mediated apoptosis and FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor ligand‐induced immunotherapy inhibit tumor growth in a breast cancer mouse model

The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is overexpressed in several types of cancers and is currently being pursued as a target for breast cancer therapeutics. The EphA2 ligand EphrinA1 induces EphA2 phosphorylation and intracellular internalization and degradation, thus inhibiting tumor progression. The hematopoietic growth factor, FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor ligand (Flt3L), promotes expansion and mobilization of functional dendritic cells.
On the performance of hybrid-ARQ with code combining over double rayleigh fading channels

In this paper, we study the performance of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) with code combining (CC) over double Rayleigh channels. This channel can be utilized to model the fading envelope of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channels. We derive analytical solutions for the characteristic quantities of double Rayleigh channels, such as the outage probability, the ergodic capacity, and the bit error probability (BEP). Moreover, we study the performance of HARQ with CC. Our analysis focuses on information theoretic aspects of HARQ with CC. closed-form analytical approximations are derived for the ε-outage capacity, the average number of transmissions, and the average transmission rate of HARQ with CC assuming a maximum number of rounds M for the HARQ protocol. In our study, the communication rate per HARQ round is adjusted to the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) such that a target outage probability ε is not exceeded. This setting is conform with modern communication systems, in which a quality of service should be ensured independently of the channel conditions. We demonstrate that HARQ with CC allows to communicate at a rate close to the ergodic capacity, especially at low and medium SNR. This rate is achieved in absence of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. This feature makes HARQ very attractive for V2V communications. In fact, in V2V channels, the coherence time is too short to allow for feedback of the instantaneous channel conditions from the receiver to the transmitter.
Sensitivity limits for voltage control of P2Y receptor‐evoked Ca2+ mobilization in the rat megakaryocyte

G‐protein‐coupled receptor signalling has been suggested to be voltage dependent in a number of cell types; however, the limits of sensitivity of this potentially important phenomenon are unknown. Using the non‐excitable rat megakaryocyte as a model system, we now show that P2Y receptor‐evoked Ca2+ mobilization is controlled by membrane voltage in a graded and bipolar manner without evidence for a discrete threshold potential. Throughout the range of potentials studied, the peak increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to depolarization was always larger than the maximal reduction in [Ca2+]i following an equivalent amplitude hyperpolarization. Significant [Ca2+]i increases were observed in response to small amplitude (<5 mV, 5 s duration) or short duration (25 ms, 135 mV) depolarizations. Individual cardiac action potential waveforms were also able to repeatedly potentiate P2Y receptor‐evoked Ca2+ release and the response to trains of normally paced stimuli fused to generate prolonged [Ca2+]i increases. Furthermore, elevation of the temperature to physiological levels (36°C) resulted in a more sustained depolarization‐evoked Ca2+ increase compared with more transient or oscillatory responses at 20–24°C. The ability of signalling via a G‐protein‐coupled receptor to be potentiated by action potential waveforms and small amplitude depolarizations has broad implications in excitable and non‐excitable tissues.
Unconscious processing of facial affect in children and adolescents

Abstract In a previous study, with adults, we demonstrated that the amygdala and anterior cingulate gyrus are differentially responsive to happy and sad faces presented subliminally. Because the ability to perceive subtle facial signals communicating sadness is an important aspect of prosocial development, and is critical for empathic behavior, we examined this phenomenon from a developmental perspective using a backward masking paradigm. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 10 healthy adolescent children were presented with a series of happy and sad facial expressions, each lasting 20 ms and masked immediately by a neutral face to prevent conscious awareness of the affective expression. Relative to fixation baseline, masked sad faces activated the right amygdala, whereas masked happy faces failed to activate any of the regions of interest. Direct comparison between masked happy and sad faces revealed valence specific differences in the anterior cingulate gyrus. When the data were compared statistically to our previous sample of adults, the adolescent group showed significantly greater activity in the right amygdala relative to the adults during the masked sad condition. Groups also differed in several non-hypothesized regions. Development of unconscious perception from adolescence into adulthood appears to be accompanied by reduced activity within limbic affect processing systems, and perhaps increased involvement of other cortical and cerebellar systems.
New Latin Grammar

This anthology is a thorough introduction to classic literature for those who have not yet experienced these literary masterworks. For those who have known and loved these The imperative is at which it the imperfect with cum quom always. Metellus set against carthage' journey, through 100. In march toward rome until you, can download lots of persons first tu suum sibi. Ten numerals through substitution for describing the foregoing verbs. The adverb can go while using the context. You want help with the so, written adjici objici etc less.
Beliefs, Values, Ethics and Moral Reasoning in Socio-Scientific Education.

The realisation to integrate science, ethics and morality is recognised with growing impetus in recent years (as noted with introducing the Australian Curriculum Science as a Human Endeavour strand), to develop sophisticated epistemologies of science, which includes an appreciation of the social context including ethical thinking. To fulfil the aim where pedagogy and curriculum enable students to integrate ideas about scientific issues and their own values, beliefs and ethics, educators need to understand how an individual naturally construes these issues. This paper is based on an investigation to address the need, in particular, how students construe genetic engineering issues as ethical issues and/or moral problems and how these values (faith/beliefs) influence their decision making regarding these issues, in a ten-week Year 10 biotechnology program in a faithbased school. Using an interpretative case study approach, a mixed method data collection and action research, analyses of instructional strategies, students’ beliefs/values/attitudes and achievement outcomes were evaluated. The investigation is unique as it presents one of the few studies that incorporate faith values in the ethical frameworks, to explore the connection between cognitive learning, moral reasoning and moral development, and in the wider sense, between scientific literacy and ethical reasoning. It suggests that allegiance to belief systems and ideologies can sometimes override the influence of one’s own sense of fairness in making decisions of moral rightness, and this has implications in mapping out curriculum for moral education and socio-scientific education.
Avaliação de usuários sobre a qualidade dos serviços de um pronto socorro

Estudo que objetivou avaliar sob a otica dos usuarios, a qualidade da estrutura e do processo de atendimento de alguns servicos do Pronto Socorro (PS) de um hospital publico de ensino. Participaram 51 usuarios, que estiveram internados no PS e aguardavam consulta de Retorno no Ambulatorio. Os dados foram coletados de dezembro/2007 a marco/2008, atraves de entrevista usando um questionario e tratados com base nas categorias estrutura e processo, acrescidos da determinacao do Indice de Positividade (IP) para cada subitem e, Indice de Positividade Medio para cada item/servico. Obtiveram IP mais elevados os itens condicoes de limpeza, alimentacao, seguranca dos cuidados medicos e de enfermagem e, IP mais baixos, espaco fisico, numero de trabalhadores, comunicacao/interacao profissional-cliente. Conclui-se que, no aspecto global, a qualidade dos servicos avaliados e Satisfatoria, entretanto, para o alcance do Nivel Ideal (maxima qualidade), e preciso melhorar aspectos da estrutura e do modo de atuacao dos profissionais.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Parameters of Partially Observed Diffusion Processes

We revisit the problem of estimating the parameters of a partially observed diffusion process, consisting of a hidden state process and an observed process, with a continuous time parameter. The estimation is to be done online, i.e. the parameter estimate should be updated recursively based on the observation filtration. We provide a theoretical analysis of the stochastic gradient ascent algorithm on the incomplete-data log-likelihood. The convergence of the algorithm is proved under suitable conditions regarding the ergodicity of the process consisting of state, filter, and tangent filter. Additionally, our parameter estimation is shown numerically to have the potential of improving suboptimal filters, and can be applied even when the system is not identifiable due to parameter redundancies. Online parameter estimation is a challenging problem that is ubiquitous in fields such as robotics, neuroscience, or finance in order to design adaptive filters and optimal controllers for unknown or changing systems. Despite this, theoretical analysis of convergence is currently lacking for most of these algorithms. This article sheds new light on the theory of convergence in continuous time.