Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TURBULENCE APPEARANCE AT THE BOTTOM OF A SOLITARY WAVE

The conditions leading to transition and turbulence appearance at the bottom of a solitary wave are determined by means of a linear stability analysis of the laminar flow in the bottom boundary layer. The ratio between the wave amplitude and the thickness of the viscous bottom boundary layer is assumed to be large and a 'momentary' criterion of instability is used. The results obtained show that the laminar regime becomes unstable, during the decelerating phase, if the height of the wave is larger than a threshold value which depends on the ratio between the boundary layer thickness and the local water depth. A comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental measurements of Sumer et al. (2010) seems to support the stability analysis.
Composites from Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Reinforced Rubberwood Sawdust: Effects of Sawdust Size and Content on Thermal, Physical, and Mechanical Properties

The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) size and content as well as the ratio of natural rubber (NR)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blend on properties of RWS reinforced thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) composites. The addition of RWS about 30–50 wt% improved the modulus of the rupture and tensile strength of TPNR composites blending with NR/HDPE ratios of 60/40 and 50/50. TPNR composites reinforced with RWS 80 mesh yielded better tensile strength and modulus of rupture than the composites with RWS 40 mesh. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger HDPE content gave higher tensile, flexural, and Shore hardness properties and thermal stability as well as lower water absorption. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger plastic content were therefore suggested for applications requiring high performance of thermal, physical, and mechanical properties.
Gas exchange, photosystem II photochemistry, and the antioxidant system of longan plant (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) leaves in response to lead (Pb) stress

Longan is one of the most important subtropical fruit trees and a famous special product in south China. Increased fruit demand brings longan cultivation to Pb-affected regions. Seedlings of longan (cv. Wulongling) in pots with sands were irrigated daily for 30 d with a freshly prepared nutrient solution containing different concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 (0, 100 , 200 , 400 , 600 , 800 and 1000 mg L) to determine physiological and biochemical responses of longan seedlings to various levels of lead (Pb). The results indicated that Pb stress substantially inhibited the growth of longan plants and markedly declined in their dry biomass. However, when the plants were grown at 100 mg L Pb, the growth and dry biomass of the plants showed no significant difference from control. In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange parameters were correlated with the growth and yield response. Pb treatments increased the minimum fluorescence (Fo) and caused a decrease in maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), trapped energy flux per cross section (CS) at t=0 (TRo/CSo), electron transport flux per CS at t=0 (ETo/CSo), dissipated energy flux per CS at t=0(DIo/CSo), and the amount of active PSII reaction centers (RCs) per CS at t = 0 (RC/CSo). Furthermore, Pb stress led to decreases in the protein contents, the activity of peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and the accumulation of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX,EC 1.11.1.11) were enhanced at low Pb levels and decreased under high Pb stress. Nonetheless, these changes were closely related to the severity of the Pb stress.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND HUMAN CAPITAL: A NEW DETERMINANT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (THE CASE OF TUNISIA)

Our main goal is to study the impact of transport on the Tunisian economic growth through FDI. Indeed, we seek to focus on the nature of the relationship that may exist between transport, FDI and human capital accumulation in Tunisia. In other words we want to demonstrate the impact of transport on the Tunisian attractiveness in terms of MNC and, in a second step, the effects of FDI on the quality of human capital which is considered as an important factor in the economic growth. Our model will be formed by 38 observations from 1975 to 2012. Using Eviews 7, the obtained results indicate that no significance relationship between the transports and the human capital accumulation furthermore the economic growth in Tunisia. However, through the FDI channel we can say that transport contribute significantly in the economic growth by improving the quality of the human capital.
Factors determining the vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted HIV: a literature review

Gender-related vulnerability is described as a crucial factor contributing to increased susceptibility of women to HIV, accounting for more women than men being infected. At the same time, empowerment interventions are being promoted as effective strategies for increasing the ability of women to adopt protective behaviours. The aim of the review was to identify, collate and categorise the factors determining the gender-related vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted HIV. A review of literature from theoretical and empirical studies using diverse methodologies was undertaken. Reports included those identified through electronic and manual searching. Twenty factors, forming five clusters, were identified as influencing the ability of women to adopt protective behaviours. Each factor was analysed to describe its component parts and the relationship between a factor, gender-related vulnerability, HIV risk level and empowerment status. Further analysis provided a description of markers named predictors and indicators. The literature portrays markers that can be identified and used to describe gender equality status, HIV risk level and related empowerment. This provides the potential to identify factors in gender equality status and HIV risk level to address in programmes designed to empower women in order to lower their risk to sexually transmitted HIV. Opsomming Geslagsverwante kwesbaarheid word beskryf as ‘n kritieke faktor wat tot verhoogde vatbaarheid van vroue vir MIV bydra, wat die verhoogde besmetting van vroue teenoor mans verklaar. Terselfdertyd word bemagtigings-intervensies aangemoedig as geskikte strategiee om vroue se vermoe om beskermende gedragspatrone aan te neem, te verhoog. Die doel van hierdie oorsig was om die faktore wat geslagsverwante vatbaarheid van vroue vir seksueel oordraagbare MIV bepaal, te identifiseer, vergelyk en kategoriseer. ‘n Literatuurstudie van teoretiese en empiriese studies wat ‘n verskeidenheid metodologiee gebruik het, is onderneem. Verslae bekom deur elektroniese en handsoektogte is ingesluit. Twintig faktore, wat in vyf groepe verdeel is, is geidentifiseer as die wat die vermoe van vroue om beskermende gedragspatrone aan te neem, beinvloed. Elke faktor is ontleed om die samestellende dele en die verband tussen ‘n faktor, geslagsverwante kwesbaarheid, MIV-risikovlak en bemagtigingstatus te beskryf. Verdere analise het ‘n beskrywing van merkers, genoem voorspellers en aanwysers, opgelewer. Die literatuur beskryf merkers wat geidentifiseer en gebruik kan word om geslagsgelykheidstatus, MIV-risikostatus en verwante bemagtiging te beskryf. Dit bied die moontlik- heid om faktore in geslagsgelykheidstatus en MIV-risikostatus te identifiseer wat aandag moet geniet in programme wat ontwerp is om vroue te bemagtig om hul risiko van seksueel oordraagbare MIV te verlaag.
Comparison of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the NACA0012 Airfoil at Low-to-Moderate Reynolds Numbers for any Aspect Ratio

This experimental work deals with the influence of the angle of attack (AoA) and the chord based Reynolds number (Rec) on the lift and drag coefficients for a low-aspect-ratio NACA0012 airfoil. In addition, we provide novel general correlations for the minimum drag coefficient together with the ratio between the maximum lift and the minimum drag coefficient for different Reynolds numbers and several aspect ratios, after comparing our experimental data with other research works. This information is very useful for future validation of numerical simulations. Furthermore, we observe that the change in the aerodynamic characteristics are linked to the variations in the linear slope of the lift coefficient as function of AoA for any aspect ratio, thus finding a critical Reynolds number Rec = 10 5 at which the slope saturates its value and the maximum of the polar curve changes its upward trend.
Motivation and Job Performance of Academic Staff of State Universities in Nigeria: The Case of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State

This study investigates the relationship between motivation and teaching performance on one hand, and motivation and research performance on the other hand. It employs a survey research method in collecting data from academic staff of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai (IBBUL), Nigeria. A total of 141 or 64% of the academic staff of the University were sampled out of a population of 219 academic staff. Pearson correlation and linear regression statistical tools were used to determine the relationship as well as the effect of motivation on both teaching and research performances. The result reveals a moderate positive correlation between motivation and teaching performance; and a weak negative correlation between motivation and research performance. It further shows that motivation exerts significant influence on teaching performance but does not exert any significant influence on research performance. The study therefore recommends that universities should take the issue of academic staff motivation seriously to facilitate effective teaching and delivery of knowledge. Universities should also set aside special funds for sponsoring publication and even marketing of researches conducted by the academic staff.
A comprehensive near- and far-ultraviolet spectroscopic study of the hot DA white dwarf G191-B2B

We present a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the hot DA white dwarf G191-B2B, using the best signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution near- and far-UV spectrum obtained to date. This is constructed from co-added Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (STIS) E140H, E230H and FUSE observations, covering the spectral ranges of 1150-3145A and 910-1185 A, respectively. With the aid of recently published atomic data, we have been able to identify previously undetected absorption features down to equivalent widths of only a few mA. In total, 976 absorption features have been detected to 3σ confidence or greater, with 947 of these lines now possessing an identification, the majority of which are attributed to Fe and Ni transitions. In our survey, we have also potentially identified an additional source of circumstellar material originating from Si III. While we confirm the presence of Ge detected by Vennes et al., we do not detect any other species. Furthermore, we have calculated updated abundances for C, N, O, Si, P, S, Fe and Ni, while also calculating, for the first time, a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium abundance for Al, deriving Al III/H = 1.60+0.07-0.08× 10-7. Our analysis constitutes what is the most complete spectroscopic survey of any white dwarf. All observed absorption features in the FUSE spectrum have now been identified, and relatively few remain elusive in the STIS spectrum.
Hares (Lepusspp.) as seed dispersers ofRetama raetam(Fabaceae) in a sandy landscape

Abstract Hares in the sandy ecosystem of the Mediterranean coastal plain in Israel consume pods of the widespread desert plant Retama raetam . The aim of this study was to explore some of its qualities as a dispersal agent of such an important component of the vegetation of Mediterranean arid habitats. Although the pericarp acts as the nutritious ‘reward’, the hares do not select the most profitable pods with the highest pericarp/seed mass ratio. Of the 718 randomly collected hare pellets 43% contained R. raetam seeds. More than half (55%) of those containing seeds had only one seed, 43% contained two to three seeds and the other 2% contained four to five seeds. Seeds from hare pellets imbibed water more slowly than either exposed seeds which were collected from the sand surface, or manually scarified seeds, but faster than intact seeds which were removed from pods. Untreated seeds from pods had low germination (6%), but most were alive, as indicated by high (70%) germination when scarified. While only 6% of seeds obtained from hare pellets germinated, 44% of them germinated after scarification. Thus, hares did not have a lethal effect on seed viability. It should be emphasized that the difference between these two values (38%) is added to the soil seed bank as ‘exposed seeds’. The height and growth rate of seedlings that emerged from hare pellets in pots did not differ from those of seedlings receiving other treatments. Hence, the hypothesis that seedlings in pellets may be favoured by the nutrient pool available to them was not confirmed. We conclude that hares have the potential to act as a legitimate dispersal agent for R. raetam , especially as a carrier of seeds away from the parent plant.
Parental Involvement of Somali Parents in the Midwest

Parental involvement is critical to the personal and educational development of pupils at all grade levels. The definition of parental involvement is the complete application of parents’ resources to the mental, physical, emotional and social development of children according to Glock and Slowiaczek (1994). The data of this study is collected from a sample of ten Somali male and female parents based in a small Midwest town. The Somali parents in the study are parents with children representing early childhood, elementary, middle school, high School and college level. The method used to collect data are a combination of surveys and open-ended interview questions. The analysis of the interview questions generated ten major themes relating to the parental involvement of Somali parents; concerns about racialization, concerns about their children’s’ academic skills, collectivism and sibling support system, Somali parents have a strict parenting style, Somali children experience a cultural shock in school, Somali parents expressed issues with school bus, employment, and language barrier as obstacles to school involvement, great relationship with the school faculty, Reading and Writing proved to be challenging subjects for students and Somali parents have high aspirations for their children.
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) isolated from herbal preparations

Herbal preparations are unsuspected sources of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, including those showing high resistance to antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the presence of bacteria belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family in herbal preparation and for the presence of the β-lactamase enzyme by established methods. The mean coliform and enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from 2.3 x 10 3 to 1.1 x 10 6 cfu/ml and 2.3 x 10 3 to 6.5 x 10 4 cfu/ml respectively. The organisms were further identified to belong to the genus Escherichia , Klebsiella , Citrobacter and Serratia . The antibiogramic activity shows that the bacterial isolates were mostly resistant to caftazidime, augmentin and cefuroxime. Only one of the Klebsiella specie further elicited extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) activity against the cephalosporin antibiotics. There is therefore, increased need for microbiological and toxicological examination of herbal medicine to prevent outbreak of diseases.
Trade, Direct Investment and Production Policies

This paper discusses the series of far-reaching structural reforms that took place in the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean during the 1990's. This set of reforms generated increases in foreign trade (particularly exports) and higher foreign direct investment. However, the growth path of the region's countries is a far cry from one of intensive, steady expansion. This document analyses possible reasons for this and posits that there is no unequivocally positive link between trade openness and economic growth, given the importance of the context and how the process of liberalization is carried out.
Occurrence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in crops in Burkina Faso, and their serological detection and differentiation

Summary Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses were found to be associated with four diseases of crop plants in Burkina Faso: cassava mosaic, okra leaf curl, tobacco leaf curl and tomato yellow leaf curl. Tomato yellow leaf curl is an economically serious disease, reaching a high incidence in March, following a peak population of the vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in December. Okra leaf curl is also a problem in the small area of okra grown in the dry season but is not important in the main period of okra production in the rainy season. The geminiviruses causing these four diseases, African cassava mosaic (ACMV), okra leaf curl (OLCV), tobacco leaf curl (TobLCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCV) viruses, were each detected in field-collected samples by triple antibody sand-wich-ELISA with cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ACMV. Epitope profiles obtained by testing each virus isolate with panels of MAbs to ACMV, OLCV and Indian cassava mosaic virus enabled four viruses to be distinguished. ACMV and OLCV had similar but distinguishable profiles. The epitope profile of TobLCV was the same as that of one form of TYLCV (which may be the same virus) and was close to the profile of TYLCV from Sardinia. The other form of TYLCV reacted with several additional MAbs and had an epitope profile close to that of TYLCV from Senegal. Only minor variations within each of these four types of epitope profile were found among geminivirus isolates from Burkina Faso. Sida acuta is a wild host of OLCV.
Toward the development of a corporate social responsibility leadership questionnaire : an adaptation of the LBI-2

Orientation: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has grown exponentially in South African organisations, making leadership in CSR crucial. This article describes the first phase towards the development of a CSR leadership questionnaire (CSR-LQ), based on the Leadership Behaviour Inventory version 2 (LBI-2). Research purpose: To develop a CSR leadership questionnaire (the CSR-LQ) that would serve as a basis for developing a CSR leadership competency model in future. Motivation for the study: Effective leadership in companies’ CSR undertakings is imperative. The development of a leadership measure is the first step toward the development of a CSR leadership competency framework. Research approach, design and method: A three-phase mixed-method ex post facto research approach (qualitative and quantitative) was applied. Purposive sampling included CSR leaders in Phase 1 (n = 5) and Phase 2 (n = 13) to develop the CSR-LQ prior to empirical testing. Main findings: The CSR-LQ was developed based on the LBI-2. The final version of the CSR-LQ consists of 123 items measuring the leadership competencies in three stages. Stage 1 is creating a CSR vision and strategy (analysing and interpreting the CSR environment; formulating the CSR vision and strategy); Stage 2 is preparing the organisation for implementing the CSR vision and strategy (preparing the leader and organisation members; preparing the organisation) and Stage 3 is implementing the CSR vision and strategy (sharing the CSR vision and inspiring organisation members; leading with integrity and courage; leading with compassion; Leading across boundaries; reviewing and rewarding CSR performance). Practical/managerial implications: The CSR-LQ could be used to obtain assessment and development of CSR leadership competencies after empirical testing. Contribution/value-add: This study is the first step towards developing a South African CSR leadership measure that could be used to obtain 360° assessments of the CSR leadership competencies and form the basis of the development of a comprehensive CSR leadership competency framework.
Ecological dynamics of two remote alpine lakes during ice-free season

We studied hydrochemistry and plankton dynamics in two remote alpine lakes: lake Nivolet superiore (2530 m asl) and lake Trebecchi superiore (2729 m asl) in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Western Italian Alps) in summer 2009. The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of natural ecological dynamics in the pelagic habitat of alpine lakes by enlarging the number of biotic and abiotic variables usually considered to this end and by increasing the frequency of samplings, generally low in remote lakes. During the eight samplings performed in 2009, chemical and physical variables were measured both in situ and in the laboratory. We also followed the dynamics of all the compartments of the naturally simplified trophic chain of the two lakes from pico-prokaryotes to phytoplankton and zooplankton. Our results confirm the oligotrophic, close-to-pristine state of lake Nivolet and lake Trebecchi as they are not affected by hydromorphological alterations, they are naturally fishless and are not sensitive to acidification risk and acidity pulses. On the other hand, the two lakes have distinct abiotic conditions due to their glacial origin and to the lithological composition of their watersheds. We found some differences in the spatial variation of pico-prokaryotes, phytoplankton and zooplankton due to the different mixing regimes and maximum depth of the two lakes. Conversely, temporal patterns were similar in both lakes, related to ecological interactions and to changes in the abiotic conditions. The rapid succession of events in extreme ecosystems, such as the alpine lakes studied here, confirm the predominant role of external environmental factors ( e.g. the duration of the ice-free season) and of ecological interactions among different trophic compartments. This research underlines the importance of seasonal niche partitioning among organisms with different size.
Factors contributing to the onset of the Australian summer monsoon

Using the reanalyses from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) and precipitation data for 1979–93, this paper examines major factors contributing to the onset of the Australian summer monsoon. The low‐level (850 hPa) westerly wind and convective activity (OLR, precipitation) over a region in northern Australia (NAU) are used to determine the onset dates. Composite results are then derived, based on these dates. Daily apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink values are obtained as residuals of the large‐scale heat and moisture budgets to help clarify the roles of the various heating processes in the onset. Four major factors contributing to the onset are identified: (1) land–sea thermal contrast, (2) barotropic instability, (3) arrival of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and (4) intrusion of midlatitude troughs. The thermal contrast due to differential heating between land and sea acts as a seasonal preconditioning for the onset. The sensible heating over the continent leads to a reversal of meridional temperature gradient between the Australian continent and the Arafura Sea in a layer below 800 hPa in September–March, and sets up a thermally induced meridional–vertical circulation which helps to transport low‐level moist air inland. The barotropic instability criterion is often met at 850 hPa in NAU several days prior to the onset. The sudden onset is then triggered by the arriving MJO and at times by the intrusion of a midlatitude trough. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society