Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who benefits from clinical supervision and how? The association between clinical supervision and the work-related well-being of female hospital nurses.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were (1) to identify which nurses benefitted most from clinical supervision and (2) to explore whether they were healthier and more satisfied with their work than their peers who did not attend clinical supervision. BACKGROUND To maintain quality nursing, there is currently a social call to improve the well-being of nurses at work. Restoring nurses' well-being is one of the main purposes of clinical supervision. However, research evidence on the effects of clinical supervision is scarce. DESIGN Survey. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to female hospital nurses (n=304), about a half of whom (48.7%) had attended clinical supervision. Perceptions of work and health among the nurses who gave the best evaluations of clinical supervision (n=74) were compared with those of their peers who gave the worst evaluations (n=74) or who had not attended clinical supervision (n=156). RESULTS The nurses who received efficient clinical supervision reported more job and personal resources and were more motivated and committed to the organisation than their peers. However, professional inefficacy was the only burnout dimension on which they scored lower than other nurses. CONCLUSIONS Clinical supervision can be conceptualised as an additional job resource associated with other job and personal resources, which mutually reinforce each other, promoting well-being at work. Efficient clinical supervision is probably both an antecedent as well as a consequence of well-being at work. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of this study advocate management planning to provide formal support for health care providers. Medical-surgical nurses are interested in clinical supervision. Reflecting on practice in clinical supervision generates new ideas about how to improve the quality of care and the psychosocial work environment. However, clinical supervision may be viewed as a preventive method rather than a treatment for burnout.
Evaluation of spoligotyping in a study of the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Spoligotyping (for spacer oligotyping) is an easy, economical, and rapid way of typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains with the DR spacer markers (J. Kamerbeek et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:907-914, 1997; D. van Soolingen et al., 33:3234-3248, 1995). The stability of the markers was demonstrated by showing that all the Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains tested gave the same spoligotyping pattern. None of the 42 atypical mycobacterial strains tested gave a spoligotyping signal, indicating the specificity of the technique for M. tuberculosis complex. The utility of the spoligotyping method was demonstrated by analyzing 106 isolates of M. tuberculosis obtained over 1 year in three Paris hospitals. The results obtained by this technique were compared to those obtained by Torrea et al. (G. Torrea et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1043-1049, 1996) by IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Strains from patients with epidemiological relationships that were in the same IS6110-RFLP cluster were also in the same spoligotyping group. Spoligotyping was more discriminative than RFLP analysis for strains with one or two copies of IS6110. RFLP analysis did not discriminate between the nine strains with one or two IS6110 bands with no known epidemiological relation, whereas spoligotyping distinguished between eight different types. IS6I10-RFLP analysis split some of the spoligotyping clusters, particularly when the IS6110 copy number was high. Therefore, we propose a strategy for typing M. tuberculosis strains in which both markers are used.
Osteoradionecrosis of external auditory canal in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is one of the most serious complications of radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). ORN rarely occurs in the external auditory canal. METHODS This is a retrospective review of 11 NPC patients who had ORN in the external auditory canal. Exposed necrotic bone over the external auditory canal was the diagnostic hallmark. Three patients wore hearing aids and 2 had had previous otological surgery. ORN was detected between 2 and 15 years after radiation therapy (mean 8 years). The radiation dose ranged from 6480 to 8460 rads in 8 patients. RESULTS The symptoms of external auditory canal ORN were crust (100%), otorrhea (91%), otalgia (91%), hearing impairment (73%), foul odor (45%) and retroauricular discharging fistula (9%), all of which mimicked those of chronic otitis media. After treatment, the diagnoses of 2 patients were rectified to external auditory canal malignancy and external auditory canal cholesteatoma, and the other 9 (82%) patients' diagnoses remained as ORN. After combined treatment with local cleansing, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, sequestrectomy and ear drops, resolution of symptoms was achieved in all the patients. Three patients who underwent sequestrectomy were free of disease. CONCLUSIONS External auditory canal ORN is rare in NPC patients. The clinical presentation mimics that of chronic otitis media and differentiation is difficult. The disease is prone to occur in patients who wear hearing aids or have had previous surgery. A high index of suspicion is mandatory for early diagnosis. The disease may lead to disastrous complications and should never be neglected by clinicians.
A New Splicing Variant in the Frog Heart Sarcolemmal Na‐Ca Exchanger Creates a Putative ATP‐Binding Site a

The sarcolemmal Na-Ca exchanger is one of the systems used for the extrusion of Ca from cells. ’. 2 The other is the plasma membrane Ca-ATpa~e . ~ The exchanger takes effect primarily in excitable tissues, e.g., heart. It has high transient capacity (VmaX = 30-40 nmol) and low affinity for calcium (Km > 10 pM), thus leaving the role of fine regulator of cytosolic Ca to the pump. It transports one Ca ion out of the cell and 3 Na ions in the opposite direction: however, the transport is reversible, i.e., under certain conditions the exchanger may function in the Ca influx mode. Whereas the driving force for Ca transport by the pump is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), that for the exchanger is the chemical gradient of Na ions across the cell membrane, together with the membrane potential. That is, the Na-Ca exchanger function is dictated by the concentration of its own substrates (intracellular and extracellular), Ca and Na ions. However, the exchanger activity may be regulated by various extraand intracellular factors, including ATP, phosphorylation, lipids: cyclic guanosine monophosphate (CGMP),~ intracellular Ca (allosteric),6 calmodulin (CaM),7 and proteinase treatment . 8 This paper focuses on the possible regulation of the heart sarcolemmal Na-Ca exchanger by ATP and by kinase-promoted phosphorylation. A review on this subjects prefaces recent findings in the authors’ laboratory of an ATP binding consensus sequence in a frog heart exchanger clone.
Differential Expression of Mitochondrial DNA Replication Factors in Mammalian Tissues*

Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication are regulated during development and in response to physiological stresses, but the regulatory events that control the abundance of mtDNA in cells of higher eukaryotes have not been defined at a molecular level. In this study, we observed that expression of the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase γ (POLγCAT) mRNA varies little among different tissues and is not increased by continuous neural activation of skeletal muscle, a potent stimulus to mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased copy number for the POLγ locus in a human cell line bearing a partial duplication of chromosome 15 increased the abundance of POLγCAT mRNA without up-regulation of mtDNA. In contrast, expression of mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding (mtSSB) mRNA is regulated coordinately with variations in the abundance of mtDNA among tissues of mammalian organisms and is up-regulated in association with the enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis that characterizes early postnatal development of the heart and the adaptive response of skeletal myofibers to motor nerve stimulation. In addition, we noted that expression of mtSSB is concentrated within perinuclear mitochondria that constitute active sites of mtDNA replication. We conclude that constitutive expression of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase is sufficient to support physiological variations in mtDNA replication among specialized cell types, whereas expression of the mtSSB gene is controlled by molecular mechanisms acting to regulate mtDNA replication or stability in mammalian cells.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Released from the Spleen Exerts a Growth Inhibitory Effect on Liver Regeneration in Rats

Several previous reports indicated that partial hepatectomy (PH) when combined with splenectomy enhances the regenerative capacity of the liver, most probably due to the removal of unknown inhibitory factors released from the spleen. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a major antiproliferative factor for the hepatocytes, and the role of splenic TGF-β1 in liver regeneration is yet to be clarified. The splenic expression of TGF-β1 and its secretion into the portal circulation from the spleen were evaluated in a standardized two-thirds hepatectomy model in rats. Rats in the control group underwent only the hepatectomy, while splenectomy was added in the splenectomy group. The hepatocyte proliferation rate was assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining, and the results were compared with the TGF-β1 kinetics in the portal blood. Significant increase in PCNA index and decrease in portal TGF-β1 level were noticed in the splenectomy group at 48 hours after PH compared with the control group. Both TGF-β1 protein and mRNA expression level in the spleen were strongest at 48 hours after PH and coincided with the peak of the plasma TGF-β1 level. TGF-β type II receptor (TβR-II) expression in the liver after PH was assessed immunohistochemically. The expression of TβR-II decreased at 12 hours and returned to preoperative level at 24 hours after PH in both groups. The changes of TβR-II expression were similar in both groups, and the significant difference was not observed at 48 hours after PH. Namely, splenectomy did not alter the expression of TβR-II in remnant liver at the peak of hepatocytes proliferation. In conclusion we found that TGF-β1 was produced and secreted by the spleen during the early phase of liver regeneration and removal of the spleen enhanced proliferation of hepatocytes. Splenectomy thus may exert a salutary effect in selected patients with jeopardized regenerative capacity of the liver.
The Relationship Between Anthropometric, Postural, Muscular, and Mobility Characteristics of Males Ages 18–55

Three hundred twenty-one males, ages 18–55, had standardized tests to determine height, weight, Davenport Index, leg length inequality, determination of flexion and extension torques, flexion/extension balance, range of motion, straight leg raising, and lumbar lordosis. A total of 106 (33.0%) had never experienced low-back symptoms; 144 (44.9%) had or were having moderate low-back pain (LBP); and 71 (22.1%) had or were having severe low-back symptoms. These three subgroups showed no significant differences in height, weight, Davenport Index, lumbar lordosis, or leg length inequalities. LBP patients had less flexor and extensor strength and were flexor over-powered, had diminished range of motion for spinal extension and axial rotation (P = 0.003, P = 0.0005), and diminished straight leg raising capacity (P = 0.04). A multivariate correlation matrix demonstrated no typical pattern of associated abnormalities except a diminished spinal range of motion in one plane was associated with the anticipated diminishment in all other planes of motion, and often with greater restrictions of straight leg raising tests.
[Case-control study on local injection of autoallergic platelet rich plasma or whole blood for the treatment of tennis elbow].

OBJECTIVE To compare therapeutic effects of local injection with autoallergic platelet rich plasma (PRP) or autoallergic whole blood (AWB) for the treatment of chronic tennis elbow. METHODS From January 2011 to January 2014, 40 patients with chronic tennis elbow were divided into 2 groups, 20 cases in each group: PRP group and AWB group. There were 20 patients in PRP group treated with local injection of autoallergic platelet rich plasma, including 5 males and 15 females, with an average age of (47.50 ± 9.86) years old; and the average course of disease was (4.67 ± 3.27) months. Among the 20 patients in AWB group treated with local injection of autoallergic whole blood, 3 patients were male and 17 patients were female, with an average age of (46.50 ± 9.96) years old;and the average course of disease was (4.53 ± 2.27) months. The elbow joint was fixed with elastic stockings after injection. All the patients were guided to do strengthening and extension exercises during the follow-up period. Visual analog scale (VAS), Mayo scores for elbow and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were used to evaluate clinical effects after injection immediately and 4,8 weeks after treatment. Results:All the patients were followed up,there were no infections and swelling occurred. The VAS, Mayo and PPT scores of patients in PRP group were improved from pre-therapy 7.22 ± 1.32, 56.71 ± 10.90 and 17.47 ± 4.62 to 2.73 ± 1.00, 91.59 ± 6.95 and 21.35 ± 4.80 respectively 8 weeks after treatment. The VAS, Mayo and PPT scores of patients in AWB group were improved from pre-therapy 7.16 ±1.27, 54.72 ± 8.36 and 17.06 ± 4.83 to 3.81 ± 1.36, 82.06 ± 7.89 and 20.12 ± 4.97 respectively 8 weeks after treatment. All the pain and functional variables including VAS, PPT, and Mayo scores were improved significantly in both groups 4 weeks after injection. On the 4th week after injection, there was no statistically significant difference in PPT between two groups; while the VAS and Mayo score of AWB group were lower than those of PRP group. On the 8th week after injection, the VAS of AWB group was higher than that of PRP group; but the Mayo and PPT scores of AWB group were lower than those of PRP group. CONCLUSION PRP and AWB injections are both effective to treat chronic lateral epicondylitis. Compared with AWB injection, PRP injection may be more effective in releasing pain and improving function for a longer time.
Development of a rat model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatorenal syndrome.

AIM To develop a practical and reproducible rat model of hepatorenal syndrome for further study of the pathophysiology of human hepatorenal syndrome. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via the tail vein to induce fulminant hepatic failure to develop a model of hepatorenal syndrome. Liver and kidney function tests and plasma cytokine levels were measured after D-galactosamine/LPS administration, and hepatic and renal pathology was studied. Glomerular filtration rate was detected in conscious rats using micro-osmotic pump technology with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled inulin as a surrogate marker. RESULTS Serum levels of biochemical indicators including liver and kidney function indexes and cytokines all significantly changed, especially at 12 h after D-galactosamine/LPS administration [alanine aminotransferase, 3389.5 ± 499.5 IU/L; blood urea nitrogen, 13.9 ± 1.3 mmol/L; Cr, 78.1 ± 2.9 μmol/L; K(+), 6.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L; Na(+), 130.9 ± 1.9 mmol/L; Cl(-), 90.2 ± 1.9 mmol/L; tumor necrosis factor-α, 1699.6 ± 599.1 pg/mL; endothelin-1, 95.9 ± 25.9 pg/mL; P < 0.05 compared with normal saline control group]. Hepatocyte necrosis was aggravated gradually, which was most significant at 12 h after treatment with D-galactosamine/LPS, and was characterized by massive hepatocyte necrosis, while the structures of glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules were normal. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly decreased to 30%-35% of the control group at 12 h after D-galactosamine/LPS administration [Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)1, 0.79 ± 0.11 mL/min; GFR2, 3.58 ± 0.49 mL/min·kgBW(-1); GFR3, 0.39 ± 0.99 mL/min·gKW(-1)]. The decreasing timing of GFR was consistent with that of the presence of hepatocyte necrosis and liver and kidney dysfunction. CONCLUSION The joint use of D-galactosamine and LPS can induce liver and kidney dysfunction and decline of glomerular filtration rate in rats which is a successful rat model of hepatorenal syndrome.
Health coaching to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: A randomized-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a health coaching (HC) intervention designed to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), and promote positive psychosocial and motivational outcomes in comparison with an Education Alone (EA) group. DESIGN Randomized-controlled trial. METHODS Two hundred and sixty-one women who were <18 weeks pregnant consented to take part. Those allocated to the HC group received a tailored HC intervention delivered by a Health Coach, whilst those in the EA group attended two education sessions. Women completed measures, including motivation, psychosocial variables, sleep quality, and knowledge, beliefs and expectations concerning GWG, at 15 weeks of gestation (Time 1) and 33 weeks of gestation (Time 2). Post-birth data were also collected at 2 months post-partum (Time 3). RESULTS There was no intervention effect in relation to weight gained during pregnancy, rate of excessive GWG or birth outcomes. The only differences between HC and EA women were higher readiness (b = 0.29, 95% CIs = 0.03-0.55, p < .05) and the importance to achieve a healthy GWG (b = 0.27, 95% CIs = 0.02-0.52, p < .05), improved sleep quality (b = -0.22, 95% CIs = -0.44 to -0.03, p < .05), and increased knowledge for an appropriate amount of GWG that would be best for their baby's health (b = -1.75, 95% CI = -3.26 to -0.24, p < .05) reported by the HC at Time 2. CONCLUSIONS Whilst the HC intervention was not successful in preventing excessive GWG, several implications for the design of future GWG interventions were identified, including the burden of the intervention commitment and the use of weight monitoring. STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION What is already known on the subject? Designing interventions to address gestational weight gain (GWG) continues to be a challenge. To date, health behaviour change factors have not been the focus of GWG interventions. What does this study add? Our health coaching (HC) intervention did not reduce GWG more so than education alone (EA). There was an intervention effect on readiness and importance to achieve healthy GWG. Yet there were no group differences regarding confidence to achieve healthy GWG post-intervention.
Evaluation of Postoperative Povidone-Iodine in Adjustable Suture Strabismus Surgery to Reduce Suture Colonization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Although the association between suture colonization and postoperative infections remains hypothetical, measures to reduce perioperative suture colonization may minimize postoperative infections. The suture colonization rate in adjustable suture strabismus surgery is not well defined, and the effect of povidone-iodine use on suture colonization is unknown. Objective To assess whether povidone-iodine application at the end of adjustable suture strabismus surgery decreases the suture colonization rate. Design, Setting, and Participants In this randomized clinical trial designed in 2015 and performed from June 1 through October 31, 2015, a total of 65 adjustable and 43 control suture specimens from 65 demographically similar adults undergoing adjustable suture strabismus surgery were studied. A random sampling assigned participants into group 1 (with povidone-iodine) or group 2 (without povidone-iodine) at the end of surgery. A control suture specimen was obtained if ipsilateral nonadjustable surgery was performed. Both groups received antibiotic ointment at the end of the procedure. No patients refused participation or withdrew. Data analysis was performed from October 1 to December 31, 2015. Observers were unaware of patient grouping. Interventions One drop of 5% povidone-iodine directly over the sliding noose of the adjustable suture at the end of surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures The suture colonization rate after adjustment in group 1, group 2, and the control group. Results Of 65 adults undergoing surgery, there were 17 men (49%) and 18 women (51%) in group 1 and 10 men (33%) and 20 women (67%) in group 2, as well as 20 men (47%) and 23 women (53%) in the control group. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 48.5 (16.8) years in group 1, 46.6 (18.1) years in group 2, and 47.7 (17.0) years in the control group. There was no difference in the colonization rate between group 1 (57%) and group 2 (47%) (relative risk [RR], 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6-1.7; P = .80), group 1 and the control group (44%) (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-1.8; P > .99), or group 2 and the control group (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8-2.1; P = .62). Eleven bacterial species were identified. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant isolate (40 of 56 [71%]). A longer interval between the end of surgery and adjustment was associated with higher culture positivity (6.3 hours in positive vs 4.4 hours in negative cultures, P = .001); however, there was no difference in bacterial growth between the groups. No adverse effects of povidone-iodine were observed. Conclusions and Relevance This study was not able to demonstrate that povidone-iodine at the end of adjustable suture strabismus surgery reduces the suture colonization rate. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02424357.
Hybridization and invasiveness in the freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata: hybrid vigour is more important than increase in genetic variance

Many invasive taxa are hybrids, but how hybridization boosts the invasive process remains poorly known. We address this question in the clonal freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata from Martinique, using three parental and two hybrid lines. We combine an extensive field survey (1990–2003) and a quantitative genetic experiment to show that hybrid lines have outcompeted their parents in natural habitats, and that this increased invasiveness co‐occurred with pronounced shifts in life‐history traits, such as growth, fecundity and juvenile size. Given the little time between hybrid creation and sampling, and the moderate standing genetic variance for life‐history traits in hybrids, we show that some of the observed trait changes between parents and hybrids were unlikely to arise only by continuous selection. We therefore suggest that a large part of hybrid advantage stems from immediate heterosis upon hybridization.