Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytokine-mediated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase induction in response to Chlamydia infection in human macrophage cultures

The purpose of this study was to characterize further the events leading to the metabolic degradation of tryptophan in Chlamydia-infected cultures in the absence of added interferon (IFN). Macrophages on coverslips were infected with Chlamydia psittaci, and tryptophan decyclization was determined 24 h later by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Tryptophan metabolites cochromatographed with kynurenine and N-formylkynurenine, the end products of tryptophan decyclization by the IFN-inducible enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Although chloramphenicol pretreatment completely inhibited chlamydial replication, IDO was stimulated to an extent similar to that in untreated, infected cells. No IDO induction was observed in cells pretreated with cycloheximide even though chlamydial growth was slightly greater than in untreated cells. These results indicate that enhanced tryptophan decyclization was due to induction of IDO. IDO induction was dependent on the size of the chlamydial inoculum. Heat- or UV-inactivated chlamydiae induced significantly less IDO activity than viable chlamydiae. Culture supernatants from Chlamydia-infected macrophages induced IDO activity in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that a secreted product of infected cells was responsible for IDO induction. A combination of neutralizing antibodies to IFN-alpha and IFN-beta inhibited induction of IDO activity by infected cell culture supernatants. Furthermore, IL-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results indicated the accumulation of IL-1 beta in the culture medium. Thus, induction of IDO in Chlamydia-infected macrophages reflects the production of cytokines in response to infection and may represent a normal host cell response to control intracellular infection.
The importance of perceived trust, security and privacy in online trading systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test an augmented technology acceptance model (TAM) in the online financial trading context. This research aims to investigate how e‐investors are influenced by perceived trust, security, and privacy jointly with traditional TAM constructs.Design/methodology/approach – The research examines e‐investors' behavioral intention to use online dealers' and stockbrokers' services. The model suggests that perceived trust jointly with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are important antecedents of intentions; the hypotheses are statistically tested using structural modeling.Findings – The results from this study suggest that perceived trust, usefulness and ease of use are important issues in online trading systems. The findings suggest that online financial dealers and stockbrokers must improve the security of the online system since e‐investors form perceptions about its perceived security and when these perceptions are confirmed, their trust is enhanced and c.
Loss of inhibitory tone on spinal cord dorsal horn spontaneously and nonspontaneously active neurons in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Abstract Plasticity of inhibitory transmission in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) is believed to be a key mechanism responsible for pain hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain syndromes. We evaluated this plasticity by recording responses to mechanical stimuli in silent neurons (nonspontaneously active [NSA]) and neurons showing ongoing activity (spontaneously active [SA]) in the SDH of control and nerve-injured mice (cuff model). The SA and NSA neurons represented 59% and 41% of recorded neurons, respectively, and were predominantly wide dynamic range (WDR) in naive mice. Nerve-injured mice displayed a marked decrease in the mechanical threshold of the injured paw. After nerve injury, the proportion of SA neurons was increased to 78%, which suggests that some NSA neurons became SA. In addition, the response to touch (but not pinch) was dramatically increased in SA neurons, and high-threshold (nociceptive specific) neurons were no longer observed. Pharmacological blockade of spinal inhibition with a mixture of GABAA and glycine receptor antagonists significantly increased responses to innocuous mechanical stimuli in SA and NSA neurons from sham animals, but had no effect in sciatic nerve-injured animals, revealing a dramatic loss of spinal inhibitory tone in this situation. Moreover, in nerve-injured mice, local spinal administration of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, restored responses to touch similar to those observed in naive or sham mice. These results suggest that a shift in the reversal potential for anions is an important component of the abnormal mechanical responses and of the loss of inhibitory tone recorded in a model of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.
A novel symbiotic organisms search algorithm for congestion management in deregulated environment

Abstract In today’s competitive electricity market, managing transmission congestion in deregulated power system has created challenges for independent system operators to operate the transmission lines reliably within the limits. This paper proposes a new meta-heuristic algorithm, called as symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm, for congestion management (CM) problem in pool based electricity market by real power rescheduling of generators. Inspired by interactions among organisms in ecosystem, SOS algorithm is a recent population based algorithm which does not require any algorithm specific control parameters unlike other algorithms. Various security constraints such as load bus voltage and line loading are taken into account while dealing with the CM problem. In this paper, the proposed SOS algorithm is applied on modified IEEE 30- and 57-bus test power system for the solution of CM problem. The results, thus, obtained are compared to those reported in the recent state-of-the-art literature. The efficacy of the proposed SOS algorithm for obtaining the higher quality solution is also established.
The roles of teaching hospitals, insurance status, and race/ethnicity in receipt of adjuvant therapy for regional-stage breast cancer in Florida.

OBJECTIVES We examined the roles of teaching hospitals, insurance status, and race/ ethnicity in women's receipt of adjuvant therapy for regional-stage breast cancer. METHODS Data were taken from the Florida Cancer Data System for cases diagnosed from July 1997 to December 2000. We evaluated the impact of health insurance status and hospital type on use of adjuvant therapy (after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and marital status). Interaction terms for hospital type, insurance status, and race/ethnicity were entered in each model. RESULTS Teaching facilities diagnosed 12.5% of the cases; however, they cared for a disproportionate percentage (21.3%) of uninsured and Medicaid-insured women. Among women who received adjuvant chemotherapy only, those diagnosed in teaching hospitals were more likely than those diagnosed in nonteaching hospitals to receive therapy regardless of insurance status or race/ethnicity. Among women who received chemotherapy with or without hormonal therapy, Hispanics were more likely than White non-Hispanic women to receive therapy, whereas women with private insurance or Medicare were less likely than uninsured and Medicaid-insured women to receive this type of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Teaching facilities play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of regional-stage breast cancer among Hispanics, uninsured women, and women insured by Medicaid.
Hepatic retinoids of bullfrogs in relation to agricultural pesticides

Agricultural pesticides often have been cited as a factor affecting indigenous amphibian populations, but possible effects of pesticides and other factors associated with agricultural practices are understood poorly. Adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) were collected within the Yamaska River basin (Quebec, Canada) in subwatersheds representing low, medium, and high agricultural activities and 53 pesticides were analyzed in surface water. More pesticides were detected in subwatersheds associated with high agricultural activities like Rivière Noire and Rivière à la Barbue and pesticide concentrations were higher compared to the other study sites. Female and male body weights differed between sites. In the case of males, body weight was significantly less at Rivière à la Barbue. Liver retinol stores were decreased significantly in male bullfrogs from Rivière Noire, although total retinyl esters concentrations varied between sites having the highest concentration at Yamaska‐Nord where the agricultural activity was considered low. The ratio of hepatic retinyl palmitate to retinol tended to be higher for male bullfrogs from Rivière Noire and Rivière à la Barbue. These results suggest that factors associated with intensive agricultural practices may affect the body weight and retinoid stores in male bullfrogs living in these agroecosystems.
Frequent exposure to invasive medical care in early childhood and operative dental treatment associated with dental apprehension of children at 9 years of age.

AIM This was to study prospectively a cohort of children as to whether behaviour at a 3-year examination, exposure to medical care and operative dental treatment are associated with each other, and with the level of dental apprehension at 9 years of age. METHODS Data were collected at three subsequent dental examinations of 126 children (67 boys, 59 girls). Cooperation, general health condition and operative dental treatment during the preceding 3 years were obtained at dental examinations with 3-year intervals, i.e. at 3, 6 and 9 years of age. Children's dental apprehension was assessed at the age of 9 years. The data were analysed using an ordinal logistic regression model. RESULTS Dental apprehension at 9 years of age was associated with frequent exposure to invasive medical care (p<0.001) and past experience of operative dental care (p<0.002), but not with cooperation at 3 years of age (p=0.124). CONCLUSION Frequent invasive medical care in early childhood and operative dental treatment, tooth extractions in particular, are associated with dental apprehension at 9 years of age.
Pre-competition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers

In this study, we examined the relationships between self-efficacy, pre-competition imagery use and performance. A modified version of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire was used to assess both the motivational and cognitive functions of imagery used by 51 varsity golfers during the hour before a Provincial University Golf Championship. In line with Martin and co-workers' model of imagery use in sport, we hypothesized that self-efficacy would be positively related to motivational general-mastery imagery use and motivational generalmastery imagery use would be predictive of golf performance. Also, consistent with theorizing by Bandura, we hypothesized that self-efficacy would predict golf performance, but that the relationship between self-efficacy and performance would be mediated by imagery use. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that pre-competition motivational general-mastery imagery accounted for significant variance in both self-efficacy (adjusted R 2 = 0.26, P ≪ 0.01) and performance (adjusted R 2 = 0.31, P ≪ 0.01). The results also indicated that self-efficacy was predictive of golf performance and that motivational general-mastery imagery use mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. The results are discussed in relation to athletes' pre-competition preparation and intervention.
Photoacclimation, growth and distribution of massive coral species in clear and turbid waters

Massive coral species play a key role in coral reef ecosystems, adding significantly to physical integrity, long term stability and reef biodiversity. This study coupled the assessment of the distribution and abundance of 4 dominant massive coral species, Diploastrea heliopora, Favia speciosa, F. matthaii and Porites lutea, with investigations into species-specific photoacclimatory responses within the Wakatobi Marine National Park of southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, to determine the potential of photoacclimation to be a driver of biological success. For this, rapid light curves using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques were employed with addi- tional manipulations to circumvent differences of light quality and absorption between species and across environmental gradients. P. lutea was examined over a range of depths and sites to determine patterns of photoacclimation, and all 4 species were assessed at a single depth between sites for which long-term data for coral community structure and growth existed. Light availability was more highly constrained with depth than between sites; consequently, photoacclimation patterns for P. lutea appeared greater with depth than across environmental gradients. All 4 species were found to differentially modify the extent of non-photochemical quenching to maintain a constant photo- chemical operating efficiency (qP). Therefore, our results suggest that these massive corals photo- acclimate to ensure a constant light-dependent rate of reduction of the plastoquinone pool across growth environments.
The Effect of Interlingual and Intralingual, Verbatim and Nonverbatim Subtitles on L2 Vocabulary Comprehension and Production

The present study sought to investigate the effect of verbatim and nonverbatim interlingual and intralingual subtitles on L2 vocabulary comprehension and production. To this end, four groups of 30 language learners studying conversational English in two language institutes in Qazvin participated in the study. Each of the groups watched the same movie with a different type of subtitling: a) verbatim interlingual, b) nonverbatim interlingual, c) verbatim intralingual and d) nonverbatim intralingual subtitles. The participants also received a vocabulary pretest and vocabulary comprehension and production post-tests. Two separate Two-Way ANOVA procedures were used to analyze the obtained data. The results revealed that nonverbatim subtitles resulted in more vocabulary comprehension regardless of whether they were interlingual or intralingual, whereas intralingual subtitles were more conductive to vocabulary production irrespective of whether they were verbatim or nonverbatim.
Do Tokens Behave Like Securities? An Anatomy of Initial Coin Offerings

We construct a comprehensive dataset of initial coin offerings (ICOs) to study the determinants of ICO success, post-ICO returns, volatility and liquidity, and evolution of ICO-backed-ventures’ social media activity and productivity. Most of our results for ICOs are consistent with empirical regularities typical of public equity IPOs. The results hold within a subset of data with the highest quality, according to a data quality measure that we develop. Our findings contribute to the debate about whether tokens issued in an ICO should be considered securities by showing that they tend to behave similarly to equities. ∗We thank Paymon Khorrami, Steven Kou, Katya Malinova, Samuel Rosen, Ioanid Rosu, as well as seminar participants at Boston University, Sun Yat Sen University, and Temple University, and participants of the 2018 MJAC & CryptoCompare Blockchain Summit, 2019 Mont Tremblant Risk Management and Financial Innovation Conference, 2019 Adam Smith Asset Pricing Workshop, and 2019 Financial Management Association Wine Country Conference. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Reserve System. All errors are our own. †Questrom School of Business, Boston University, lyandres@bu.edu. ‡Federal Reserve Board, dino.palazzo@frb.gov. §Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University, rabetti@mail.tau. ac.il.
Simmental cattle breed in different production systems.

The paper gives the analysis on the state in population of Simmental cattle reared in Europe with a special review on the state in Simmental cattle in our country which makes about 80 % total cattle fund in Serbia, and is characterized by a negative trend in the number of cattle, as well as by a low average milk production per cow. The most important results obtained by both domestic and foreign authors by means of various methods of improving Simmental breed and its raising in different systems have been shown. The directions for improving Simmental cattle according to the productive directions have been analyzed. Possible methods of improving the Simmental cattle in our country have been pointed out, which should be in accordance with already existing genetic potential of each actual population, its purpose (registered breeding stock, production breeding stock), as well as with the market needs for cow milk, milk products and meat (primarily beef meat, for export). A special emphasis has been given to the importance of organizing the production of meat in the cow-calf system in which Simmental breed, following the model of many European countries, should have good performance also in our country, if the same production should be organized in deserted hilly and mountainous regions. In this way we could contribute to more significant increase in overall beef production, and to reactivate unused natural resources as well.
Host cell perforation by listeriolysin O (LLO) activates a Ca2+-dependent cPKC/Rac1/Arp2/3 signaling pathway that promotes Listeria monocytogenes internalization independently of membrane resealing

Pathogen-induced host plasma membrane damage is a recently recognized mechanism used by pathogens to promote their entry into host cells. We identified key transducers activated upon host cell perforation by the pore-forming toxin LLO to promote Listeria entry. This pathway is distinct from the pathway that reseals the toxin-perforated cell.
Phrase Table Induction Using In-Domain Monolingual Data for Domain Adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation

We present a new framework to induce an in-domain phrase table from in-domain monolingual data that can be used to adapt a general-domain statistical machine translation system to the targeted domain. Our method first compiles sets of phrases in source and target languages separately and generates candidate phrase pairs by taking the Cartesian product of the two phrase sets. It then computes inexpensive features for each candidate phrase pair and filters them using a supervised classifier in order to induce an in-domain phrase table. We experimented on the language pair English–French, both translation directions, in two domains and obtained consistently better results than a strong baseline system that uses an in-domain bilingual lexicon. We also conducted an error analysis that showed the induced phrase tables proposed useful translations, especially for words and phrases unseen in the parallel data used to train the general-domain baseline system.
The relationship between social skills and early resignation in Japanese novice nurses.

AIM The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between social skills and early resignation in Japanese novice nurses. BACKGROUND The early resignation of novice nurses has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the personal sociality of novice nurses and their early resignation. METHODS We surveyed 272 nurses with 1-3 years of experience. Instances of early resignation were studied by using a questionnaire, and their social skills were measured using Kikuchi's Scale of Social Skills:18 items (KiSS-18), a tool developed by Kikuchi to estimate sociality. RESULTS Nurses with low sociality were more likely to resign than those with higher sociality. The lack of advanced social skills was closely associated with a higher likelihood of early resignation. CONCLUSION The presence of advanced social skills appeared to potentially prevent resignation among novice nurses. Further investigation is needed to determine the causal relationship between sociality and early resignation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Social skills training for novice nurses may be of benefit in preventing early resignation.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

ABSTRACT The population in this research is 200 officers of Sub Office of city planning and Cleaning Service of Public Works and transportation Traffic Department of Karanganyar Regency. The research employed 40 respondents or 20 percent of the population’s number as the sample of the study because of the limitation of the researcher. The result of t test performed that: job discipline variable contributed the significant effect to the Performance of the officers of Sub Office of city planning and Cleaning Service of Public Works and transportation Traffic Department of Karanganyar Regency. It was showed by the significance value as many as 0,016. The work environment variable significantly affected to the Performance of the officers of Sub Office of city planning and Cleaning Service of Public Works and transportation Traffic Department of Karanganyar Regency performed by the significance value as many as 0,014. Meanwhile, the job motivation variable affected the performance of the officers of Sub Office of city planning and Cleaning Service of Public Works and transportation Traffic Department of Karanganyar Regency significantly. Its significance value was 0,006. The result of the determination coefficient test performed that the adjusted R square value was 0,533. It means that the free variable of job discipline and job motivation can elaborate the binding variable of to the Performance of the officers of Sub Office of city planning and Cleaning Service of Public Works and transportation Traffic Department of Karanganyar Regency; it is 53,3 percent and the 46,7 percen left is elaborated by the other variables which did not be studied by the writer, such as the control, compensation, the job satisfaction, the job experience, etc. Keywords : job discipline, work environment, job motivation, performance
Predictive factors for residual disease in the uterine cervix after large loop excision of the transformation zone in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III.

OBJECTIVE To determine predictive factors for residual disease in uterine cervix after large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN III). MATERIAL AND METHOD Medical records of patients who underwent LLETZ with CIN III between September 1, 1992 and December 31, 2001 in Ramathibodi Hospital were reviewed. Demographic data, colposcopic findings, and pathologic parameters were analyzed to identify the predictive factors for residual disease in uterine cervix. RESULTS The total of 541 cases were enrolled in this study. Managements after LLETZ are 1) repeated LLETZ, 2) hysterectomy, and 3) Papanicolaou smear. Residual disease was detected in a total of 156 patients (28.84%), there were 21 cases of CIN I (13.46%), 22 cases of CIN II (14.10%), 107 cases of CIN III (68.59%), and 6 (3.85%) cases of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. 1) Age > or = 50 years old was significant factor associated with residual disease. The incidence of residual disease was 50.00%. 2) Unsatisfactory colposcopy was significant factor associated with residual disease with 38.44% incidence of residual disease. 3) Margins involvement of LLETZ specimen was the only pathological predictive factor identified. The incidence of residual disease with clear margin, endocervical margin, ectocervical margin, and both margins involvement were 14.74, 52.63, 57.14, and 74.19% respectively. Other parameters, including gravidity, parity, menopausal status, cervical gland involvement, and number of quadrants involvement were not predictive of residual disease. CONCLUSION 1) Age > or = 50 years old, 2) unsatisfactory colposcopy, and 3) margins involvement of LLETZ specimens were the predictive factors for residual disease in uterine cervix.