Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction of useful mutation in mulberry (Morus) variety S54 by gamma irradiation in M1 generation.

Aims: Plentiful mulberry varieties available in nature, they lack one or the other important economic trait required for silkworm Bombyx mori L. as food. Efforts have been made to induce phytomorphological variability in mulberry variety S54 using gamma rays. Experimental Design: RBD Method with three replications/treatment was followed. Place and Duration of Study: Mulberry garden, Department of Sericulture, Jnana Bharathi, Bangalore University and Mist chamber, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India between 2006-2011. Methodology: Gamma ray (1kR-10Kr) was used to induce variability in juvenile twigs of mulberry for various agro-botanical characters viz., sprouting, rooting, internodal distance, leaf area, plant height etc. and leaves were subjected to biochemical analysis. Results: Mulberry variety S54 showed linear decrease in growth parameters with the increased gamma ray dosage and plants exhibited variability with increased rooting (81.33%), plant height (147.86cm) and leaf area (146.22cm2) when compared to control in M1 generation at 7kR. Mutants showing favourable characters were grown for M2 generation which exhibited marked improvement in growth and yield parameters. Biochemical constituents in S54 mutant leaves recorded at 7kR showed increased proteins, carbohydrate, chlorophyll a and b. Conclusion: Mulberry cuttings irradiated with gamma ray (7kR) exhibited favourable traits in rooting, plant height and leaf area over the control in M1 generation and mutants were grown for M2 generation and marked improvement in growth, yield and bio-chemical parameters were observed
Impacts of Land Use and Cover Changes on Transhumant Pastoralism in Sudanian Zones of Burkina Faso, West Africa

This research aimed to investigate how the rapid land use and cover changes is affecting pastoral resources and practices within Kompienga province in Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso. To achieve this aim, Landsat images data of years 1989, 2001, 2013 and 2015 were retrieved and analysed. Images were acquired following the path 193 and row 52, from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). Images processing were done using 350 training sample for both; the purpose of supervised classification and accuracy assessment. Random Forest Algorithm (RFA) procedures in R-Software (version 3.3.2) were used for images classification. Furthermore, survey data were collected through group discussions and individual interviews with a 271 head of household respondents (pastoralists and agro-pastoralists) to investigate respondents’ perceptions on land uses and covers changes and its impacts on their pastoral and agro pastoral resources and animal husbandry practices. Results showed that Land use dynamics was characterized by an increase in croplands at an average rate of 46.7 % per year, between 1989 and 2015. On the contrary a decline of pasture lands was observed since 2001 at an average rate of 6.0 % per year. Similar trends in land uses changes were observed by interviewed respondents who depicted an increase in cropping lands (98.5 % of respondents) to the detriment of pasture lands (97.8 % of respondents). To overcome these land use/land cover changes and it subsequent consequences, respondent pastoralists and agro pastoralists have developed local adaptations strategies. Thus, some measures are still needed at government level to sustain local pastoralist and agro-pastoralist efforts and strengthen their adaptive capacity.
Academic, Socio-emotional and Demographic Characteristics of Adolescents Involved in Traditional Bullying, Cyberbullying, or Both: Looking at Variables and Persons

The present paper (1) examined variables which could predict traditional bullying, cyberbullying, traditional victimization and cyber-victimization and (2) looked at persons to examine whether academic, socio-emotional and demographic characteristics differed between traditional, cyber and mixed bullies, victims and bully-victims. A sample of 2,329 gymnasium students (50% girls, Mage = 13.08, SD = .86) from 120 classes, grade 7 to 9, from six Cypriot schools, completed self-report questionnaires. Traditional bullying was predicted by cyberbullying and socio-emotional, academic and demographic variables. Cyberbullying was predicted by traditional bullying and academic variables. Traditional victimization was predicted by cyber-victimization, socio-emotional variables and being male. Cybervictimization was predicted by traditional victimization and academic variables. Compared with uninvolved adolescents, traditional, cyber and mixed bullies had lower levels of academic variables; traditional and mixed victims had higher levels of emotional problems and affective empathy; and mixed bully-victims had lower levels of both academic and socioemotional variables. Implications for intervention and prevention are discussed.
Brew new IT: lean in an IT environment: What are critical success factors for continuous improvement in an IT process environment at Heineken the Netherlands?

Continuous improvement has become a popular study topic in last decade, and the lean approach, outside the original manufacturing area, has received a great deal of attention. Organisations want to become better every day. Also HEINEKEN IT the Netherlands (IT HNL) realise that their role in the organisation is becoming increasingly important, and that the dependence on successful ICT processes is growing. In order to satisfy this important role IT HNL wants to continuously improve their environment according to the lean philosophy. In this study we focus on critical success factors during a transformation from an IT environment to a lean IT environment and answer the main research question “How, and under what circumstances, can continuous improvement (lean IT) within IT HEINEKEN the Netherlands have a positive impact on performance? ” This study was conducted during an internship at HEINEKEN the Netherlands, this organisation offered us the opportunity to carry out an action research within their IT environment. In addition we have conducted a multiple case study for which we have selected five IT environments at different organisations to see how they transformed into (successful) lean IT environments. With this combination of a multiple case study and action research we were able to find answers to our research questions. We have found that lean IT can have a positive impact on the performance of an IT environment. When an IT environment wants to become ‘the learning organisation’ it has to go through three time phases: (a) implementation, (b) operation, and (c) sustaining. To successfully grow in maturity during the three time phases an organisation has to know that: (1) lean in an IT environment differs from lean in other office environments, IT is more tacit (2) the start of lean IT has to be a conjunction of bottom-up and top-down, (3) a pro-active, positive role of top management regarding to lean IT is essential for success, (4) the lean IT team should be cross-functional, and a lean IT project improvement team should mainly exist of specialised employees, (5) all communication concerning lean IT should be transparent, and conducted as much as possible through visual management, and (6) an organisation should create an internal lean centre. The action research combination with the multiple case study gave us insight into what the most important challenges are for IT HNL at this moment. HEINEKEN IT the Netherlands did well until today in the implementation phase and has to focus now on the role of the managers and (visual) communication to make sure that they will be successful in the future in their transformation to a successful lean IT environment. They should educate their managers according to the lean philosophy and principles; also they should introduce day sessions (15 min) and week sessions (30min – 1hour) in combination with day and week panels for visual management.
Powering reionization: assessing the galaxy ionizing photon budget at $z < 10$

We present a new analysis of the ionizing emissivity ($\dot{N}_{\rm{ion}}$, s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$) for galaxies during the epoch of reionization and their potential for completing and maintaining reionization. We use extensive SED modelling -- incorporating two plausible mechanisms for the escape of Lyman continuum photon -- to explore the range and evolution of ionizing efficiencies consistent with new results on galaxy colours ($\beta$) during this epoch. We estimate $\dot{N}_{\rm{ion}}$ for the latest observations of the luminosity and star-formation rate density at $z<10$, outlining the range of emissivity histories consistent with our new model. Given the growing observational evidence for a UV colour-magnitude relation in high-redshift galaxies, we find that for any plausible evolution in galaxy properties, red (brighter) galaxies are less efficient at producing ionizing photons than their blue (fainter) counterparts. The assumption of a redshift and luminosity evolution in $\beta$ leads to two important conclusions. Firstly, the ionizing efficiency of galaxies naturally increases with redshift. Secondly, for a luminosity dependent ionizing efficiency, we find that galaxies down to a rest-frame magnitude of $M_{\rm{UV}} \approx -15$ alone can potentially produce sufficient numbers of ionizing photons to maintain reionization as early as $z\sim8$ for a clumping factor of $C_{\rm{H {\small II}}} \leq 3$.
Development of monoclonal antibodies specific to Burkholderia pseudomallei for diagnosis of melioidosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a Gramnegative intracellular bacterium. This pathogen is a major contributor to communityacquired septicemia in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, and notoriously difficult to diagnose. At present, a goal of our laboratory is to develop an immunoassay capable of accurately detecting shed or secreted bacterial antigens in patient body fluids. Here, we report on a group monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have been generated against B. pseudomallei for this purpose. mAbs 3C5 and 4C7 were found to react with the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. This was confirmed by the inability of 3C5 to react with a B. pseudomallei CPS-deletion mutant, and its insensitivity to proteinase K treatment. mAb 4C7 was reactive with a 25-75 kD polysaccharide in a ladder pattern, a characteristic of LPS binding. mAb F5C3 is reactive with the B. pseudomallei flagellin protein monomer at 43 kD, as was confirmed by mass spectrometry of the reactive protein. We determined the specificity of mAbs 3C5, 4C7 and F5C3 with lysate from 12 various Burkholderia species and other common pathogenic bacteria. mAb 3C5 was reactive with B. mallei, but not B. thailandensis (both of these bacteria are closely related to B. pseudomallei) and mAb 4C7 was reactive with both B. mallei and B. thailandensis. mAb F5C3 was not reactive with B. mallei but was reactive with B. thailandensis although, at a slightly lower molecular weight (41 kD). All of the mAbs were tested for their ability to detect antigen in serum and urine samples from melioidosis patients. Antigen was not detected in serum, however, mAbs 3C5 and F5C3 were determined to be superior to mAb 4C7 in their ability to detect antigen in
Global Imbalances and Bank Risk-Taking

Financial crises are usually preceded by large current account deficits. However, the channel through which international capital flows affect financial stability is hardly identified, yet. In this paper, we study the impact of current account balances on bank risk-taking making use of the exogenous and huge variation in capital flows within the euro area between the years 2001 and 2012. We find that bank risk-taking is positively associated with current account deficits. We provide a series of tests showing that this is the case both because banks in countries with large external deficits substitute new investments in asset markets (e.g. sovereign debt) with loans that are typically riskier and because the average quality of bank loans deteriorates.
The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900°C

The cstal structures of a pure synthetic forsterite and a natural metamorphic manganoan hortonol ; te have been refined from three-dimenional intensity data obtained at 20°, 300°, 600°, and 900 C. Both structures show a zero or slightly negative expansion of silicon-oxygen dis­ tances compared with large positive expansions of the octahedral cation-oxygen distances with increasing temperature. The hortonolite refinements indicate a slight preference of Fe possibly as Fe•+, for the smaller Ml site. This preference appears to increase with increasin � temperature.
A Decoupled Approach for Flight Control

A decoupling method for flight control is presented that greatly simplifies the controller design. By approximating the higher order derivatives of the angle of attack and sideslip, it enables a rotation controller and a speed controller to be derived independently of each other, and thus gives access to a vast number of controller solutions derived for general classes of rotational and translational systems. For rotational control, a quaternion-based sliding surface controller is derived to align the wind frame in a desired direction, and using standard Lyapunov methods an airspeed controller is derived to ensure that an unmanned aerial vehicle moves with a positive airspeed. Simulations validate the potential of the proposed method, where the unmanned aerial vehicle is able to obtain leveled flight and move in a desired direction with a desired airspeed.
Phenotypic Characterization of Jhum Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces Collected from Rangamati District in Bangladesh

Genetic diversity of 30 Jhum rice landraces was studied under irrigated condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for agro-morphological characters. The landraces were grouped into five clusters. The intercluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the landraces of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The principal component analysis exposed that the first five components with vector values > 1 contributed 81.14% of the total variations. The highest number (8) of landraces was observed in cluster IV and the lowest (4) in cluster II. The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster III (1.62) containing six landraces and minimum in cluster I (0.57) having six landraces. The highest inter cluster value was 23.44 (between cluster II and V) and the lowest was 7.29 (between cluster III and IV). The highest flag leaf length, leaf area index, filled grains per panicle were found in cluster V while the lowest culm diameter, short duration, low yielding genotypes were clubbed into cluster II. Dwarf stature and lower flag leaf length were recorded into cluster I whereas the highest plant height and panicle length were obtained from cluster IV. Based on canonical vector analysis, culm diameter, days to flowering, days to maturity and length-breadth ratio had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. Selection of parents from the clusters II and V followed by hybridization would possibly result in desirable transgressive segregants. Finally, Jhum rice landraces need to be conserved in Genebank for future breeding programmeBangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 47-57
Population structures of syntopic Emys orbicularis and Mauremys rivulata in western Turkey

Data on body size, population density, sex ratio, age, and sexual maturity are presented for a syntopic population of Emys orbicularis and Mauremys rivulata from Cukurkoy, western Turkey. 49 E. orbicularis and 98 M. rivulata were recorded from May to October 2001. This corresponds to an estimated density of 2,250 E. orbicularis and 4,970 M. rivulata per km2 water surface. Mean straight-line carapacial length was 124 mm for adult male (n = 13) and 146 mm for adult female E. orbicularis (n = 9); mean adult body mass was 336 g for males and 565 g for females. Average straight-line carapace length was 146 mm in adult male (n = 41) and 168 mm in adult female M. rivulata (n = 16); the mean weight was 381 g in males and 594 g in females. Sex ratios were 1.4 : 1 in E. orbicularis and 2.6 : 1 in M. rivulata (male : female). 55% of all captured E. orbicularis and 42% of all M. rivulata were juveniles. Male E. orbicularis could be sexed at 110 mm straight-line carapace length, when exhibiting 7 scute annuli (males). Equivalent data for M. rivulata were 86 mm and 3 annuli.
A Bandit Model of Two-Dimensional Uncertainty -- Rationalizing Mindsets

We analyze a new type of bandit where an agent is confronted with two-dimensional uncertainty. The agent does not know whether ability or effort is required to succeed at a given task. Moreover, the agent does not know her own ability level. In each period, after deciding whether to exert effort or not, the agent observes a success or a failure and updates her beliefs about both the task and her ability accordingly. In contrast to a standard bandit model, the agent gains information even when she is not exerting effort. In this setting different agents react to failure in different ways; while some agents find it optimal to resign others prefer to increase their effort. We show that different effort costs and beliefs about the own ability and the production function together with Bayesian updating can explain the differences in behavior.
Phytoplankton primary production and its utilization by the pelagic community in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic)

In t h ~ s tudy we estimated the amount and fate of phytoplankton primary product~on in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk, Poland, an area exposed to nutnent enrichment from the Vistuld R~ver and nearby inunlcipal agglomeration The ~nves t iga t~ons were carned out at 2 sites d u r ~ n g 5 months in 1993 (February, April, May, August and October). A prolonged bloom pei-iod occurred in the coastal zone, as compared to the open Gulf and the open sea waters. From Aprll until October most values of gross primary production in the near-surface layer were in the range 100 to 500 m g C m-'' d 1 Phytoplankton net exudate release constituted on average 5% of the gross prlmai-y production, total exudate release was estimated to be about 2 times h~gher. Bacterial production in the growth season was relatively low (the mean value l y ~ n g between 5 and 9% of gloss primary production), nevertheless, the microbial community (bactena and protozoans) u t ~ l ~ z e d a large proportion of primary production (from about 50% in April and May to 16'%, in October). Usually direct protozoan grazing on phytoplankton exceeded bacterial uptake of the phytoplankton exudates. In winter, summer and autumn communlty respiration exceeded depth-averaged primary production, ~ n d ~ c a t i n g that external energy sources ( s e d ~ m e n t resuspension, allochthonous organic matter) play a substantial role in communlty metabol~sm.
Review of organic market development in Europe - from OFCAP to QLIF

During the last decade the organic market in Europe has increased enormously, more than doubling the value of its turnover. At the end of the 1990s, the OFCAP publication 'The European market for organic products: growth and development' identified five main constraints for the organic market development: 1) the lack of professional marketing, 2) the weak role of conventional supermarket chains as potential drivers of organic market development, 3) the absence of public support of marketing activities, 4) the limited size of supply batches and 5) a lack of market transparency. Recommendations included improving the availability of organic food, encouraging conventional retail chains to promote organic ranges, reducing the additional premiums on consumer prices and developing well-balanced mar-keting plans to promote the development of the or-ganic market. As a consequence several European research projects incorporated elements of the OFCAP analysis into new research topics and went on to recommend further ways in which the European organic market might be led out of its niche and consumers’ expectations of organic food might be satisfied. Both policy and mar-ket actors have taken on board fundamental ideas and concepts from the research projects in order to draw up marketing plans for the promotion of market development.
The effect of conservation primary and zero tillage on soil bulk density, water content, sugar beet growth and weed infestation.

The effect of different conservation primary soil tillage on sugar beet was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2001 - 2006. The aim of the trial was to establish the influence of reduced soil tillage intensity on some soil physical properties, sugar beet yield and quality, and weed infestation. Treatments of the trial: 1. conventional (22-25 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough (CP); 2. shallow (12-15 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough (SP); 3.deep (25-30 cm) cultivation with a chisel cultivator (DC); 4. shallow (10-12 cm) loosening with a disc harrow (SL); 5. zero tillage (ZT). Reduction of primary soil tillage intensity increased the amount of moisture and level of soil bulk density in the soil upper layer (0-10 cm). According to the average data of 2001-2006, the highest amounts of moisture and soil bulk density were observed in no tilled soil (ZT) before pre-sowing soil tillage (25.8% and 1.40 Mg m -3 ) and after sowing until sugar beet germination (23.6% and 1.40 Mg m -3 ). Soil tillage intensity had no significant influence on soil moisture content and bulk density in a deeper (10-20 cm) layer. Sugar beet seed germination in shallow loosened soil (SL) was higher in comparison with control treatment (CP) fourfold per 6 years; this influence was significant in two experimental years. Average data showed that germination of directly sowed seeds was less by 37% in comparison with conventional ploughing (CP). Reducing of soil tillage intensity to zero tillage had no significant influence on sugar beet yield, ramification and sucrose content of root-crop. The reduction of soil tillage intensity and refusal to use full-scale herbicides had negative, but not significant influence on weed infestation in the sugar beet crop, except in the no-tillage pattern. The data of the beginning of the second rotation showed a significantly higher number of annual (32%) and all (29%) weeds in no-tilled (ZT) soil in comparison with conventional ploughing (CP). Generally, the number of weed species increased from 22 to 26. The number of Chenopodium album increased from 11.3 to 22.1, Poa annua - from 5.6 to 14.2, Taraxacum officinalis - from 0.66 to 6.1 plants per m 2 . Elytrigia repens became a widespread weed.