Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sources of Variation in the Adult Flight of Walnut Husk Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): A Phenology Model for California Walnut Orchards

Abstract A phenology model of the walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson, was developed to more accurately predict the timing of the flight period and optimize management decisions. A data set of 153 orchard years in which adults were trapped throughout the season was used for the development and validation of this model. Data from California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) weather stations were used to match orchard-year datasets with historical climatic data on degree-day (DD) accumulation, winter chill, and winter rainfall. A cumulative Weibull distribution was used to model the relationship between cumulative trap catch and DD accumulation for R. completa in California. The model was used to predict thermal requirements for the start (5% cumulative trap catch) and mid-point (50% cumulative trap catch) of the flight period, which were 1,670 and 2,179 DDs, respectively. The prediction for 50% cumulative trap catch of R. completa in California was much higher than the thermal requirement estimated in Oregon previously (1,751 DDs). Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate other environmental and orchard-specific factors which could explain the large variation between predicted and observed thermal requirements for both the start and mid-point of the flight period. Latitude, walnut cultivar leaf-out time, orchard age and year, as a continuous variable, all contributed significantly to explain deviations from the predictions of the DD model for individual orchard years. Such factors can be used both to adjust predicted thermal requirements for these two specific and informative stages of the flight period, and to provide a basis for ecological and evolutionary hypotheses.
Magnitude and Determinants of Self-Referral of Patients at a General Hospital, Western Ethiopia

Background. Self-referrals may cause the primary level health care to be under-utilized and hospitals over used, congested and overburdened, leading to an escalation of health care costs. Large patient load in referral hospitals causes human and physical resources to be stretched to capacity, which results in compromising the quality of care they provide to patients. The aforementioned problem is well observed in the study area but the phenomenon has not been formally studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of self-referral of patient to the secondary referral level. Method and materials: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from April 16-30, 2014. Four hundred twenty two patients were selected using systematic sampling technique. Data was collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Six data collectors and one supervisor collected the data. Data was analyzed using SPSS for window version 20 computer software. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to measure the association of variables at 95 percent confidence interval and p-value of <0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethics committee of the college of Health sciences, Jimma University, in Ethiopia. Result: A total of 422 patients responded to the interview making the response rate 99.8%. Three hundred forty six (82%) of the participants were self-referred among which 218(63.0%) were females. Three hundred and twenty two (93%) of the self-referred patients bypassed the first rung in the referral ladder despite knowledge of the closer health facility as their first level of care. Those who obtained information on the referral system from health workers were 3.5 times less likely to self refer themselves to the general referral study Hospital. Conclusions: Obtaining laboratory test, availability of drugs at closer health facility, knowing the closer health facility is first referral level and obtaining health education on referral systems from health worker were found to be significantly associated with self-referral to Nekemte General Hospital. Thus it is recommended that the healthcare leaders should strive to ensure better availability of drug supply and laboratory tests at local health centers and health care providers should work hard to make their community aware of the referral system to get efficient and effective service at a closer heath facility.
Determination of n-alkane profile through developmental state of sunflower leaves

The n-hexane extracts of young, mature and senescent sunflower leaves containing a thin layer of epicuticular waxes was analysed by TLC and GC using standard hydrocarbons. The Scanning Electron Microscopy study indicated changes in the deposition of epicuticular wax throughout the developmental stage of the sunflower leaves. The young, mature and senescent leaves contained nine, nine and five long-chain nalkanes accounting for 86.22%, 99.76% and 92.07% of the hydrocarbons, respectively. The predominant nalkane was n-C29 for young and mature leaves, and n-C23 for senescent leaves representing 35.85%, 45.37% and 68.54% of the hydrocarbons, respectively; whilst n-C24, n-C32 and n-C19 were present in least amounts in young, mature and senescent leaves indicating 0.59%, 0.83% and 0.53% of the hydrocarbons, respectively.
Flexural strength of denture base resin reinforced with aluminum oxide and processed by different processing techniques

Statement of problem: Flexural strength of denture base resin is considered primary mode of clinical failure. Objective: This study was done to compare the flexural strength of acrylic resin with or without addition of Al2O3 and processed with two techniques. Material and method: 10 samples each were processed using normal acrylic resin with conventional water bath technique, modified acrylic resin with 5% Al2O3 processed by conventional water bath technique, normal acrylic resin with microwave technique, modified acrylic resin with 5% Al2O3 processed with microwave technique. Data was analyzed using ANOVA. Result: Mean flexural strength(SD)were: Normal acrylic resin processed with conventional water bath technique-96.18(2.42), Modified acrylic resin with 5% Al2O3 processed by conventional water bath technique87.59(1.33), Normal acrylic resin processed with microwave technique-94.70(2.71), Modified acrylic resin with 5% Al2O3 processed with microwave technique83.95(1.24). Conclusion: The specimens of heat-curing acrylic resin reinforced with 5% Al2O3 filler provided no superior flexural than those with normal acrylic resin. The specimens of heat curing acrylic resin reinforced with Al2O3 filler showed no increase in flexural strength when processed by microwave technique.
Formative test-driven development for programming practicals

Sub-optimal performance in programming practicals may be associated with a lack of contemporaneous formative feedback in the laboratory session. Although automated testing is a key feature of industrial software development, its routine use in educational coding settings remains uncommon. Additionally, written or verbal specifications cannot fully encode the required functionality with sufficient brevity and precision, leading to uncertainty of expectation amongst students. Literature reports of automated testing centre mainly on student-written tests as an end product and on summative grading systems utilising testing. This study therefore examines the effect of adopting a signature pedagogy of test-driven development that utilises formative automated testing in advanced applied programming laboratories. Laboratory sessions were re-designed to incorporate automated formative feedback using lecturer-supplied tests using industry-standard frameworks. A first-principles methodology from best practices in formative feedback shaped the implementation. Furthermore, technology choices minimised student effort whilst remaining tolerent of student-specific technology choices. Tools for staff use were additionally developed to tabulate and aggregate test results to guide subsequent sesions. A mixed-method evaluation combined qualitative learner views and practitioner reflections, supported by ongoing test performance collection. Adoption of the test-driven signature pedagogy were shown to provide improved certainty of completion and correctness. Student feedback particularly noted the easy penalty-free access to formative feedback within familiar programming environments. Utilisation of industry-standard tools and a common project layout promoted and focused student discussion with peers and staff. It is concluded that a test-driven signature pedagogy utilising lecturer-composed formative test cases could improve outcomes in advanced applied programming courses.
The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Buying Intention

Companies throughout the world are constantly seeking new ways to reach consumers. Just a few decades ago, television and print advertising were the fundamental components of marketing strategies. In the current era, these traditional marketing streams are just a small segment of the varied approaches used to market and brand products. The increasing focus on social media shaped state of the art advertising and shifted the way companies interact with their target groups. As a result, the effective use of social media has become an essential part of creating and maintaining a competitive advantage. Subsequently, companies now place considerable value on the way in which social media can be used to shape consumer brand perception and influence their buying intention. Companies integrating a strategic approach to the use of social media will have advantages over those that do not. In assessing the impacts of social media on branding and marketing approaches, an exploration of the existing literature on social media use and brand perception can help identify emerging and successful strategies for improving consumer engagement through social media.
Metrics for Explainable AI: Challenges and Prospects

The question addressed in this paper is: If we present to a user an AI system that explains how it works, how do we know whether the explanation works and the user has achieved a pragmatic understanding of the AI? In other words, how do we know that an explanainable AI system (XAI) is any good? Our focus is on the key concepts of measurement. We discuss specific methods for evaluating: (1) the goodness of explanations, (2) whether users are satisfied by explanations, (3) how well users understand the AI systems, (4) how curiosity motivates the search for explanations, (5) whether the user's trust and reliance on the AI are appropriate, and finally, (6) how the human-XAI work system performs. The recommendations we present derive from our integration of extensive research literatures and our own psychometric evaluations.
Can the Forecasts Generated from E/P Ratio and Bond Yield Be Used to Beat Stock Markets?

This study tests the performance of stock market forecasts derived from technical analysis by means of a specific indicator. The indicator is computed from E/P ratios and bond yields. Several stock markets are studied over a 20-year period. Two test statistics are introduced to utilize the indicator. The results show that the forecasts generated from the indicator would enable investors to escape most of the crashes and catch most of the bull runs. The trading signals provided by the indicator can generate profits that are significantly better than the buy-and-hold strategy.
Rural Peoples’ Perception to Climate Variability/Change in Cross River State-Nigeria

The rural people have been recognized as knowledge holders on climate variability/change and key actors for developing policies to mitigate and cope with its effects. The study attempts to assess perception level of rural people to Climate change in selected communities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 120 rural dwellers in 4 communities. This data centered on knowledge (awareness) level of climate variability/change causes, effects, mitigation and adaptive strategies. The data generated were analyzed using the descriptive statistics. Results showed 71.7% of the people are aware of climate change. They also indicated that the onset of rains is now delayed while cessation is earlier against the trend in the past. This corroborates the meteorological parameters obtained from Nigeria Meteorological Agency. The Study further indicates that, though there are natural causes, 66.7% of rural people accepted human activities as major causes of climate change/variability. The results also showed that the effects of climate in rural areas include poor crop yields (56.7% response); reduced soil fertility (66.7% response); increase flood (56.7%), poverty and food shortage (50% response). The sources of peoples’ awareness show widespread information from environmental education/sensitization by NGOs and extension workers as well as media which at the moment is lacking and limited to radio talks and jingles. It is recommended that the more awareness should be created on the effect of human activities on climate; also, indigenous knowledge system should complement global modern knowledge systems to enhance climate change mitigation.
NEW DATA ON MACROMYCETE SPECIES (BASIDIOMYCOTA) IN MACEDONIA

A study of mycodiversity in Macedonia is underway. The interest in macrofungi studies in Macedonia has been growing in the past 20 years. According to the research conducted up to now, approximately 2,500 macromycetes species have been recorded in the country. A half of this number is a result of the field and taxonomic work in the Mycological Laboratory in the last decade. This work represents a contribution to the Macedonian mycobiota with some rare fungi species.
Microsecond timescale lateral mode dynamics in a narrow stripe ingan-laser

We studied the transient lateral mode behavior of a 2.25 µm wide InGaN/GaN-based laser diode. At the beginning of a 9 µs long current pulse, the diode heats up, undergoes a lateral mode transition and finally shows a beam steering due to lateral carrier diffusion.
Natural Taurine Extraction of Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) As Deep Sea Fish from Southern Java Ocean

This study aimed to determine chemical composition and natural taurine content of escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum). The proximate analysis was carried out using methods of AOAC. Results showed that escolar’s flesh and viscera contained protein at 16,40% and 12,11%, moisture at 63,38% and 76,78%, ash content at 0,59% and 2,52%, and fat content at 18,34% and 7,51%. Extraction of escolar using boiling and steaming method was conducted to produce crude taurine extract. Analysis of taurine content using HPLC method showed that fresh escolar’s flesh and viscera contained 44,201 mg/100g and 43,915 mg/100 g taurine. The concentration of taurine obtained by steaming treatment of escolar’s flesh and viscera was 112,203 and 128,918 mg/100 g. The concentration of taurine obtained by boiling treatment of escolar’s flesh and viscera was 103,324 mg/100 g and 105,230 mg/100 g. Taurine content of crude taurine extract which obtained by steaming method was higher than boiling method. Based on the results, the deep sea fishes have potential as a natural source of taurine.
Equilibrium magnetization of a quasispherical cluster of single-domain particles

Equilibrium magnetization curve of a rigid finite-size spherical cluster of single-domain particles is investigated both numerically and analytically. The spatial distribution of particles within the cluster is random. Dipole-dipole interactions between particles are taken into account. The particles are monodisperse. It is shown, using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, that the magnetization of such clusters is generally lower than predicted by the classical Langevin model. In a broad range of dipolar coupling parameters and particle volume fractions, the cluster magnetization in the weak field limit can be successfully described by the modified mean-field theory, which was originally proposed for the description of concentrated ferrofluids. In moderate and strong fields, the theory overestimates the cluster magnetization. However, predictions of the theory can be improved by adjusting the corresponding mean-field parameter. If magnetic anisotropy of particles is additionally taken into account and if the distribution of the particles' easy axes is random and uniform, then the cluster equilibrium response is even weaker. The decrease of the magnetization with increasing anisotropy constant is more pronounced at large applied fields. The phenomenological generalization of the modified mean-field theory, that correctly describes this effect for small coupling parameters, is proposed.
Six-phase motor drive supplied by four voltage source inverters with synchronized space-vector PWM

Novel method of space-vector-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) has been disseminated for synchronous control of four inverters feeding six-phase drive based on asymmetrical induction motor which has two sets of windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. Basic schemes of synchronized PWM, applied for control of four separate voltage source inverters, allow both continuous phase voltages synchronization in the system and required power sharing between DC-sources. Simulations show a behavior of six-phase system with continuous and discontinuous versions of synchronized PWM.
Full Deghosting of OBC Data With Over/under Source Acquisition

The resolution of marine seismic data is affected by ghost and reverberations occurring in the water layer. A benefit of acquiring ocean-bottom cable data or node data is that the receiver-side ghosts and reverberations can be attenuated by combining pressure data, recorded with hydrophones, with velocity data, recorded with vertical geophones. Resolution of seismic data is also affected by the source ghosts. Acquisition of seismic data with over/under sources allows attenuating the source ghost and in this way to completely deghosting the ocean-bottom recorded data. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment where a 2D oceanbottom cable line was recorded with over/under sources.
The Science Case for Multi-Object Spectroscopy on the European ELT

This White Paper presents the scientific motivations for a multi-object spectrograph (MOS) on the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). The MOS case draws on all fields of contemporary astronomy, from extra-solar planets, to the study of the halo of the Milky Way and its satellites, and from resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies out to observations of the earliest 'first-light' structures in the partially-reionised Universe. The material presented here results from thorough discussions within the community over the past four years, building on the past competitive studies to agree a common strategy toward realising a MOS capability on the E-ELT. The cases have been distilled to a set of common requirements which will be used to define the MOSAIC instrument, entailing two observational modes ('high multiplex' and 'high definition'). When combined with the unprecedented sensitivity of the E-ELT, MOSAIC will be the world's leading MOS facility. In analysing the requirements we also identify a high-multiplex MOS for the longer-term plans for the E-ELT, with an even greater multiplex (>1000 targets) to enable studies of large-scale structures in the high-redshift Universe. Following the green light for the construction of the E-ELT the MOS community, structured through the MOSAIC consortium, is eager to realise a MOS on the E-ELT as soon as possible. We argue that several of the most compelling cases for ELT science, in highly competitive areas of modern astronomy, demand such a capability. For example, MOS observations in the early stages of E-ELT operations will be essential for follow-up of sources identified by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In particular, multi-object adaptive optics and accurate sky subtraction with fibres have both recently been demonstrated on sky, making fast-track development of MOSAIC feasible.
University-Based Teacher Supervisors: Their Voices, Their Dilemmas

Despite university supervisors’ critical role in the success of PK-12 teacher candidates, research is limited on how to best prepare supervisors to mentor their supervisees and interact with cooperating teachers and school administrators. By using two surveys and a focus group meeting, this qualitative study explores supervisors’ experiences to surface dilemmas of supervisory practice. Results indicate supervisors suffer overwhelming workloads, feel marginalized by their institutions, lack ongoing training, and are often unclear as to what their role is. The success of the cadres of clinical supervisors ultimately depends on training, but more crucially on full engagement by their home institutions.
Fish oil and Leucaena leucocephala in methane production during in vitro fermentation of king grass CT-115

There is a large concern about the contribution of ruminants to global warming, because they produce greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are byproducts of rumen fermentation (Moss et al., 2000; Eckard et al., 2010). In Mexico, according to the national inventory of greenhouse gases in 2009, 85% of total CH4 emissions from agriculture come from farming, and of this percentage, 89% is produced by cattle (Ordonez and Hernandez, 2008). In the tropics, the feeding of ruminants is based on forages containing ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 12 (2014) pp. 598-613 http://www.ijcmas. com
Theoretical light curves of type Ia supernovae

Aims. We present the first theoretical SN Ia light curves calculated with the time-dependent version of the general purpose model atmosphere code PHOENIX. Our goal is to produce light curves and spectra of hydro models of all types of supernovae. Methods. We extend our model atmosphere code PHOENIX to calculate type Ia supernovae light curves. A simple solver was implemented which keeps track of energy conservation in the atmosphere during the free expansion phase. Results. The correct operation of the new additions to PHOENIX were verified in test calculations. Furthermore, we calculated theoretical light curves and compared them to the observed SN Ia light curves of SN 1999ee and SN 2002bo. We obtained LTE as well as NLTE model light curves. Conclusions. We have verified the correct operation of our extension into the time domain. We have calculated the first SN Ia model light curves using PHOENIX in both LTE and NLTE. For future work the infrared model light curves need to be further investigated.