Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silymarin exacerbates p 53-mediated tubular apoptosis in glycerol-induced acute kidney injury in rats Silymarin-induced tubular apoptosis in acute kidney

Background/aims: Silymarin is an herbal extract with antioxidant properties that can reduce oxidative stressmediated injuries in murine models of liver, heart, and kidney diseases. Silymarin can also increase p53-mediated cellular apoptosis in vitro. We tested the effect of silymarin administration before glycerol-induced acute kidney injury (Gly-AKI) in rats. Methods: Renal function, tubular injury, oxidative stress, leukocytes infiltration, and renal expression of apoptosis regulating proteins (p53, p-p53, Bax, Bcl-2, survivin, and cleaved caspase-3) were evaluated 6 or 24 h after glycerol. Results: Silymarin exacerbated the renal impairment and tubular apoptosis but had no effect on tubular necrosis or renal leukocytes infiltration. Renal lipid and DNA peroxidation was increased after glycerol and silymarin did not reduce oxidative stress. Proteins p53, p-p53, and proapoptotic Bax were upregulated in Gly-AKI rats treated with silymarin, whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was reduced in this group. Cleaved caspase-3 was overexpressed in Gly-AKI rats, particularly when treated with silymarin. Survivin was less expressed in Gly-AKI than in controls, but this deficit was not aggravated by silymarin. Conclusion: The persistence of oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, and tubular necrosis, as well as exacerbation of p53-mediated tubular apoptosis, led to a more severe renal impairment in Gly-AKI rats treated with silymarin.
poor oral health and fertility problems: A narrative mini-review

Introduction: Recently, it has been recognized that oral infections, especially periodontitis might have effect on several systemic conditions. A possible role of oral diseases in sub-fertility and infertility was also has been suggested. The aim of this review was to evaluate the association between poor oral health and fertility problems. Methods: In this narrative review, authors used PUBMED, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar to included relevant papers in which had at least an English abstract and considered no limitation in publication date. The author used combinations of the search terms “sub-fertility”, “infertility”, “sperm count”, “erectile dysfunction” or “conception” AND “oral hygiene”, oral infections”, “periodontitis” or “periodontal disease”. From the 40 titles which has been found, Letters to the editor, commentaries and case reports or case series, were excluded and finally 37 original articles were remained. Results: There was a consistency among studies about possible positive association between poor oral health and fertility problems features such as improper spermatological parameters and erectile dysfunction, increased time to conceive and endometriosis but there was an inconsistency about relationship between maternal periodontitis and male-babies sub fertility in future. Conclusion: Researches show that oral hygiene is an important component of general health and also a factor in sexual health. Oral inflammation controlling and regular dental check-ups in which both men and women are attending, particularly prior to conceiving, appears to be helpful in enhancing reproductive ability.
The Table 1 : Summary of findings from studies on knowledge assessment and students ’ opinion of computer assisted learning in medical undergraduate teaching

Laboratory based practical classes, have been the corner stone of undergraduate pharmacology learning. Ethical issues with the use of animals and rapid development of information technology has led to newer trends in teaching and learning such as computer assisted learning. Computer assisted learning (CAL) software includes computer based packages, focusing on interactive instruction in a specific subject area, collection of animal experiments that encourage students to understand concepts in pharmacology. CAL offers a number of advantages to both students and teachers; most important being meeting the learning objectives. Few disadvantages and pitfalls to implementation in medical schools are also associated with CAL sessions. This article reviews the trend of CAL in pharmacology, advantages, disadvantages and pitfalls to the implementation of CAL.
Dividend Policy of Brazilian Companies with the Best Corporate Governance Practices

The article investigates the dividend policy profile of the companies which voluntarily listed themselves in the BM & FBovespa New Market segment, which is seen as the strictest one concerning the best practices of corporate governance in the stock Market. The aim is to check whether the moves in the Brazilian Stock Market to promote greater transparency, equity in the treatment among the shareholders and adherence to the best practices of corporate governance reflected in dividend decisions which pursued the maximization of shareholders ́ wealth. Therefore, the conceptual model of Dividend Residual Theory, first established by Modigliani & Miller (1961) and reviewed by Jensen (1986) in the Free Cash Flow Theory, was used. Thus, through multivariate statistical techniques, it was evaluated how these companies administered the Free Cash Flow to Equity during the whole working period of the segment up to 2011. Moreover, it was sought to observe whether the decisions on the FCF caused impacts in the shareholders ́ profitability, expressed by the Share Rate of Return (SRR). As a result, it was seen that a great part of the companies presented high level of overinvestment in the period, provoked by the FCFE holding, and that such a problem could have been the cause of a smaller SRR in some sectors.
Cerebellar mutism syndrome and its relation to cerebellar cognitive and affective function : Review of the literature

Tumors of the cerebellum and brainstem account for half of all brain tumors in children. The realization that cerebellar lesions produce clinically relevant intellectual disability makes it important to determine whether neuropsychological abnormalities occur in long-term survivors of pediatric cerebellar tumors. Little is known about the neurobehavioral sequale resulting specifically from the resection of these tumors in this population. We therefore reviewed neuropsychological findings associated with postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome and discuss the further implications for cerebellar cognitive function.
Exploring female university students' beliefs about binge eating

Binge eating (BE) among female university students is rising in prevalence and few studies have considered the role of social cognitive processes in decisions to engage in BE. This study adopted a theory of planned behavior (TPB) belief-based approach to examine the beliefs that underpin female university students' intentions to BE. Participants (N = 250) completed self-report questionnaires assessing BE intentions and the TPB behavioral (advantages and disadvantages of BE), normative (important others approving/disapproving of BE), and control (barriers toward and motivators for BE) belief measures. For analyses, participants were grouped based on a median split of the overall intention score into those with higher and lower intentions to binge eat. Differences in the TPB beliefs about BE between these two groups were then assessed. Female students with higher intentions to binge eat differed significantly in their endorsement of the likely beliefs related to BE, compared to female students with lower intentions to binge eat. The results suggest that interventions to decrease BE in the female student population should reduce the associated advantages (e.g., stress relief and feelings of comfort), enhance perceptions of disapproval for BE from important others (e.g., partner and friends), provide education about the health implications to strengthen the perceived barriers discouraging BE, and suggest healthy alternatives to overcome the factors (e.g., being alone and boredom) motivating BE.
Perioperative intubation of the patient presenting for Dooney and Dagal : Acute spinal cord trauma

Patients with actual or potential spinal cord injury (SCI) are frequently seen at adult trauma centers, and a large number of these patients require operative intervention. All polytrauma patients should be assumed to have an SCI until proven otherwise. Prehospital providers should take adequate measures to immobilize the spine for all trauma patients at the site of the accident. Stabilization of the spine facilitates the treatment of other major injuries both in and outside the hospital. The presiding goal of perioperative management is to prevent iatrogenic deterioration of existing injury and limit the development of secondary injury whilst providing overall organ support, which may be adversely affected by the injury. This review article explores the anesthetic implications of the patient with acute SCI. A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, conference proceedings and internet sites for relevant literature was performed. Reference lists of relevant published articles were also examined. Searches were carried out in October 2010 and there were no restrictions by study design or country of origin. Publication date of included studies was limited to 1990–2010.
Images of community: Discourse and strategy in property relations

This article argues that divergent images of community result not from inadequate knowledge or confusion of purpose, but from the location of discourse and action in the context of specific struggles and dilemmas. It supports the view that ‘struggles over resources’ are also ‘struggles over meaning’. It demonstrates the ways in which contests over the distribution of property are articulated in terms of competing representations of community at a range of levels and sites. It suggests that, through the exercise of ‘practical political economy’, particular representations of community can be used strategically to strengthen the property claims of potentially disadvantaged groups. In the policy arena, advocates for ‘community based resource management’ have represented communities as sites of consensus and sustain-ability. Though idealized, such representations have provided a vocabulary with which to defend the rights of communities vis-a-vis states. Poor farmers, development planners, consultants and academics can also use representations of community strategically to achieve positive effects, or at least to mitigate negative ones. Most, but not all, of the illustrations in this article are drawn from Indonesia, with special reference to Central Sulawesi.
Unsaturated flow and transport through a fault embedded in fractured welded tuff

To evaluate the importance of matrix diffusion as a mechanism for retarding radionuclide transport in the vicinity of a fault located in unsaturated fractured rock, we carried out an in situ field experiment in the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This experiment involved the release of ∼82,000 L of water over a period of 17 months directly into a near‐vertical fault under both constant positive head (at ∼0.04 m) and decreasing fluxes. A mix of conservative tracers (pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) and bromide (applied in the form of lithium bromide)) was released along the fault over a period of 9 days, 7 months after the start of water release along the fault. As water was released into the fault, seepage rates were monitored in a large cavity excavated below the test bed. After the release of tracers, seepage water was continuously collected from three locations and analyzed for the injected tracers. Observations of bromide concentrations in seepage water during the early stages of the experiment and bromide and PFBA concentrations in the seepage water indicate the significant effects of matrix diffusion on transport through a fault embedded in fractured, welded rock.
A Posteriori Design Change Analysis for Complex Engineering Projects

Engineering changes are an inherent part of the design and development process and can play an important role in driving the overall success of the system. This work seeks to create a multidimensional understanding of change activity in large systems that can help in improving future design and development efforts. This is achieved by a posteriori analysis of design changes. It is proposed that by constructing a temporal, spatial, and financial view of change activity within and across these dimensions, it becomes possible to gain useful insights regarding the system of study. Engineering change data from the design and development of a multiyear, multibillion dollar development project of an offshore oil and gas production system is used as a case study in this work. It is shown that the results from such an analysis can be used for identifying better design and management strategies (in similar systems and projects) and for targeting design improvement in identified subsystems. The isolation and identification of change hotspots can be helpful in uncovering potential systemic design issues that may be prevalent. Similarly, strategic engineering and management decisions can be made if the major cost drivers are known.
The older the richer: significant increase in breeding bird diversity along an age gradient of different coppiced woods

Abstract. Forest structural complexity could be a good predictor of overall species diversity. Since tree harvesting has a negative effect on forest structure, it is important to analyse the effects of this disturbance on sensitive groups, as forest birds. In this study, we aimed to shed light on this aspect by analysing a set of univariate metrics in bird communities breeding in three coppiced forest habitats (coppiced of chestnut, coppiced of Turkey oak and high forest of beech) along a gradient in age classes. We hypothesised that, with increasing forest age, (i) breeding bird communities will progressively increase in diversity and, (ii) due to higher habitat heterogeneity due to coppicing, a higher species turnover in the first age classes could appear. In each forest habitat, all the metrics significantly increased, from recently coppiced to more mature forests, due to progressively higher availability of resources and niches along the gradient. When comparing paired forest habitats, abundance and richness were significantly different only in the two oldest age classes, highlighting that responses to different tree composition were more marked in the mature phase. In all forest habitats, species turnover (βw diversity) decreased progressively along the age gradient and was highest in the youngest age classes where many vegetation layers were present. Due to different coppice management practices, growth regime and consequent habitat heterogeneity, chestnuts showed a different pattern when compared to other forest habitats, with an increase in species turnover (βw diversity) at intermediate level. With increasing age of the forests, all the diversity metrics increased and species turnover decreased, highlighting the role of older forests as strategic habitats for highly structured bird communities.
Predicting immediate and longer-term transfer of training

Describes an exploratory investigation conducted to examine factors affecting the initial and sustained transfer of interpersonal skills training to the workplace. Demonstrates the ongoing role of trainee motivation in the immediate and longer term transfer of learned skills to work. Suggests that initial transfer of skills is an important prerequisite of subsequent skill application in the workplace. Concludes that factors which promote initial transfer of training, such as the perceived relevance/usefulness of the course, appear to have an indirect effect on later use of trained skills. Also concludes that, in the long term, individuals with more autonomy in their jobs are more likely to apply learned skills, perhaps because they are more able to create opportunities for using trained skills at work. This may be especially true for those with high levels of motivation. Discusses the implications of these findings both for individuals learning new skills, and for organizations optimizing the utility of t.
TITLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL LOAD INDICATORS AND CHANGES ON INTERMITTENT PERFORMANCE AFTER THE PRESEASON IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS RUNNING HEAD Internal training load and intermittent performance in soccer

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of accumulated internal training load during the preseason (4 weeks) on changes in the intermitt nt performance, in a professional soccer team. Twelve professionals soccer players (Mean±SD age 27.7±4.3 years; height: 177.1±6.2 cm; body mass: 73.1±5.2 kg; % body fat (Faulkner): 10.2±1.2) belonging to a Spanish second division team (2013-2014) participated in this stud y. The 30-15 intermittent fitness test was performed before and after the preseason, and the s peed for the last period completed by each player was recorded (V IFT). During the preseason, the team alternated practi ce of training sessions (TRNs) with friendly matches (FMs). Sessio n rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), heart rate (HR) and HR reserve were analized every TRN and FM in order to calculate internal training load (ITL: sRPE-TL, Edward’s-TL a nd Edward’s-TLres). The players’ VIFT substantially increased after the preseason period (20.1±0.8 vs. 21.1±0.8 km·h ; Effect Size [ES]=1.15±0.25; almost certainly). The average valu e of sRPE throughout FMs was substantially greater than the value of the TRNs (7 .4±0.9 vs. 5.25±0.2; ES=2.31±2.45; almost certainly). sRPE-TL, practice volume and sum of RPE during the preseason were positively and largely correlated (r=0.70-0.75) with changes o n intermittent performance. No relationships were found between HR-derived measure s of exercise load and changes on intermittent fitness. The present results suggest t hat practice volume and subjective measures of TL, related better than HR-based TL methods to c hanges on intermittent performance after the preseason, in professional soccer players.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Thin Films of CuS Nanodisks Ensembles Annealed in a Vacuum and Their Photocatalytic Activity

Effects on the optical, electrical, and photocatalytic properties of undoped CuS thin films nanodisks vacuum annealed at different temperatures were investigated. The chemical bath prepared CuS thin films were obtained at 40°C on glass substrates. The grain size of ? nm was computed directly from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The electrical properties were measured by means of both Hall effect at room temperature and dark resistivity as a function of the absolute temperature 100–330? K. The activation energy values were calculated as 0.007, 0.013, and 0.013? eV for 100, 150, and 200°C, respectively. The energy band gap of the films varied in the range of 1.98 up to 2.34? eV. The photocatalytic activity of the CuS thin film was evaluated by employing the degradation of aqueous methylene blue solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The CuS sample thin film annealed in vacuum at 150°C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in presence of hydrogen peroxide.
Physiological Responses of Thai neem (Azadirachta siamensis Val.) to Salt Stress for Salt-tolerance Screening Program

The objective of this investigation is to study the physiological responses of Thai neem (Azadirachta siamensis Val.) to salt stress for salt tolerance screening and for establishing a salt tolerance index (STI). The physiological responses of photoautotrophic seedlings under salt stress condition, especially, net photosynthetic rate (NPR) were evaluated as STI. Fifty-six-day-old photoautotrophic seedlings were treated in-vitro with 0 (control), 0.34, 0.68 and 1.02 M NaCl solution contained in the culture media. Physiological characteristics, namely water use efficiency (water potential (Ψ w ), solution potential (Ψ s ) and pressure potential (Ψ p )), photosynthetic ability (chlorophyll a (Chl a ), chlorophyll b (Chl b ) and NPR) and growth efficiency (fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and leaf area ratio (LAR)), were measured after treatment for 28 days. The increase of NaCl concentrations in the culture media decreased Ψ w and Ψ s , but, increased Ψ p in the leaf tissues. Chlorophyll a and b concentrations of seedlings cultured under salt stress condition (0.34-1.02 M NaCl) were significantly lower than those of seedlings cultured under control conditions (0 M NaCl). The chlorophyll degradation is positively related to NPR reduction (r = 0.98), resulting in the low survival percentage (r = 0.95). Thus, the lower water use efficiency and lower photosynthetic ability of seedlings cultured under salt stress condition led to growth reduction as shown by fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and LAR. The photoautotrophic seedlings of Thai neem were approximately 50% inhibited at 0.34 M NaCl concentration. So this concentration, which was the 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ), was applied for the salt-tolerant screening program. Six hundred and sixty clones of Thai neem were collected, disinfected and were then germinated in-vitro on Phytagel ® -solidified MS sugar-free media (photoautotrophic condition). The culture media of those clones were adjusted the NaCl concentration to LD 50 . Nine clones of Thai neem still survived under salt stress condition (0.34 M NaCl) for 28 days and were classified as the salt tolerant clones. Salt tolerant ability was evaluated by the NPR reduction under salt stress condition. Salt tolerant index (STI = NPR at 1.02 M NaCl / NPR at 0 M NaCl) was investigated by the ratio of NPR under salt stress (1.02 M NaCl) to control (0 M NaCl) conditions. Nine salt tolerant clones and one salt sensitive clone were assayed for salt tolerant ability using STI. The STI of the salt tolerant clones were higher than those of the salt sensitive clone by a factor of 1.3-1.5 times. The STI is a rapid technique to assay the salt tolerant ability of many clones of Thai neem.
IS HIGH AMONG MEN ENGAGING IN CONDOMLESS ANAL SEX WITH MEN IN BOSTON , PITTSBURGH , AND

289 Curtis Dolezal, Timothy Frasca, Rebecca Giguere, and Alex Carballo-Diéguez are affiliated with the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York. Mobolaji Ibitoye is affiliated with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Ross D. Cranston is affiliated with Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Irma Febo is affiliated with Department of Pediatrics, Gama Project, University of Puerto, Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Kenneth H. Mayer is affiliated with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Ian McGowan is affiliated with Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. This research was sponsored by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), including NICHD and NIMH, under R01 HD59533 (Carballo-Diéguez and McGowan, Co-PIs) and co-sponsored by CONRAD. Additional support came from the National Institute of Mental Health to the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University (P30MH43520; Principal Investigator: Robert Remien). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH. We would like to thank the study staff for their hard work and the study participants for giving us their time and sharing their experiences with us. Address correspondence to Curtis Dolezal, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 15, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: dolezalc@nyspi.columbia. edu AWARENESS OF PEP AND PrEP DOLEZAL ET AL.