Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Cardiac Disease in Dialysis Patients

Cardiac disease has a major impact on morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Disorders of coronary perfusion, caused by coronary artery disease or by nonatherosclerotic disease, and disorders of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, resulting in systolic and diastolic dysfunction, are responsible for frequent morbid events (including heart failure, ischemic syndromes, arrhythmias and dialysis hypotension), diminished longevity, and a high frequency of cardiac deaths (Fig. 1). Both symptomatic heart failure and ischemic heart disease predict earlier death, but the impact of ischemic disease is not independent of heart failure, suggesting that ischemic disease exerts its adverse impact through LV pump dysfunction (1). The high prevalence of traditional cardiac risk factors predispose patients with chronic renal disease to cardiac disease. These factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, prothrombotic factors, and physical inactivity. In addition hemodynamic and metabolic risk factors, peculiar to chronic uremia, enhance the cardiac risk of dialysis patients (Table 1). Among these risk factors are hemodynamic overload, anemia, malnutrition, uremia, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, increased oxidant stress, inflammation and divalent ion abnormalities. The relative importance of some of the risk factors in dialysis patients has been clarified in recent years, particularly for hypertension, diabetes, and anemia. The presence of chronic uremia has complicated investigation of the relative importance of other traditional risk factors, particularly hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia and prothrombotic factors. Little is known about the relative importance of most of the potential uremia-related risk factors.
Ocrelizumab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the past decade, the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is coming to the forefront. Depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has proved to decrease the activity of the relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and the progression of primary progressive MS (PPMS). Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the rationale of the depletion of B cells in RRMS and PPMS across recent studies on the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS; previous clinical trials with treatments targeting B cells; the mechanism of action of ocrelizumab – a second generation anti-CD20 mAb – and recent phase III clinical trials with ocrelizumab in RRMS and PPMS. Expert commentary: Ocrelizumab is the first anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for RRMS and the first treatment approved for PPMS. The long-term effect and safety profile need to be evaluated in extension of clinical trials and in real-world studies.
Interaction between Learning Style and Gender in Mixed Learning with 40% Face-to-face Learning and 60% Online Learning

Student learning styles are important factors that have a strong impact on student performance in learning outcomes. That is why each learning method will produce different learning outcomes for students who have different learning styles. According to the previous study concluded that mixed learning produces learning outcomes that are superior to online and face-to-face learning models, but the questions are how is the difference between learning outcomes between student learning styles in mixed learning, and whether there is an interaction between mixed learning models and student learning styles towards learning outcomes. This study provides a scientific answer solution, by conducting experimental research of mix learning with a mixture of 40% face-to-face material learning and 60% online material learning for the subject of Algorithms and Programming. Based on 2-way ANOVA, T, and SCHEFFE tests towards student learning outcomes in this study, it is found: there are differences in learning outcomes between students who have different learning styles, the learning outcomes of male students achieve better learning outcomes than female students, and there is an interaction between student gender and student learning styles towards learning outcomes, where with further tests, it was found that there is no difference in learning outcomes based on student learning styles of all students except students who have a visual learning style with male sex achieving superior learning outcomes than students who have auditory and kinesthetic learning styles.
Pharmacodynamic principles and target concentration intervention

This tutorial reviews the principles of dose individualisation with an emphasis on target concentration intervention (TCI). Once a target effect is chosen then pharmacodynamics can predict the target concentration and pharmacokinetics can predict the target dose to achieve the required response. Dose individualisation can be considered at three levels: population, group and individual. Population dosing, also known as fixed dosing or “one size fits all” is often used but is poor clinical pharmacology; group dosing uses patient features such as weight, organ function and co-medication to adjust the dose for a typical patient; individual dosing uses observations of patient response to inform about pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics in the individual and use these individual differences to individualise dose.
Effects of cigarette smoking on lipids profile

Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors in the genesis of coronary atherosclerosis and heart disease. This study aims to investigate the effects of smoking on the lipid profile. 110 healthy male subjects participated in this study, 70 smokers and 40 non-smokers in the age range of 18 and 50 years at medical laboratory department in higher institute of sciences and medical techniques, Mesallata, Libya, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) , low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were measured. The result showed that significant increase levels of TC, TG, VLDL and LDL in smokers group compared to non-smokers group (P < 0.001). While HDL significantly decrease in smokers compared to non-smokers group (P <0.001). In conclusion cigarette smoking has severe adverse effects on lipids profile which includes increasing the levels of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL with a decrease in HDL level. Smoking whether light or heavy equally affects lipid profile levels, this dyslipidemic levels among smokers may provide a mechanism whereby smoking predisposes to greater risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques and chronic heart disease.
The Effect of Peripheral Learning Applied in English Instruction on English Idioms Learning

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of peripheral learning on English idioms whether differs to gender or not. The subject group of this research includes 43 female students and 68 male students, in total 111 students at Yildiz Technical University School of Foreign Languages. As for method, dependent and independent groups t-test is used. Before carrying out the research, pre-test which is prepared by the help of two experts and consists of 25 multiple choice questions is applied on the students. During the research period, posters about the idioms hang on the classrooms’ walls for a month. Moreover, focus group interview is applied to collect data about peripheral learning on English idioms learning. Subsequently, post-test is applied and the results of the pre-test & post-test are analyzed via t-test. Data analysis is determined and the conclusion is declared.
Single Dose Therapy of Urinary Tract Infection

deficiency do not have anaemia and are normoblastic. But why mention such rarities at all? Cardiac failure after transfusion in anaemic patients is discussed but it should be stated that the evidence of failure often appears only more than 24 hr after transfusion has been completed. The statement that blood 'not exceeding 2 units at a time' be given to avoid circulatory overload might be read by a foreign-trained graduate as indicating a unit of blood in each arm rather than a limit to the total volume given. Incidentally, Mollison (Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine) quotes a recommendation that the limit should be 250 ml of red cells at a single transfusion.
Local Properties of Monogenic Mappings

The great importance of conformal mapping methods in complex analysis suggests to look for a suitable higher dimensional analogue in the context of quaternionic analysis. As in the complex case, a serious study of the geometric properties of generalized holomorphic functions (or monogenic functions) requires to consider at first the local behavior of such transformations. Since the usual definition of conformal mappings (in the classical sense) in higher dimensions applies only to the restricted set of Mobius transformations (Liouville’s theorem), the main task is to understand at first if monogenic functions can still play a special role for other types of mappings, for instance, for quasi‐conformal ones. In this contribution we concentrate particularly on the infinitesimal behavior for such class of transformations. Monogenic functions are considered at first as general quasi‐conformal mappings. We give it a more precise meaning by pointing out that a monogenic function maps locally balls onto explicitl.
ATTITUDES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS (LAST UNIVERSITY YEAR) AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS TOWARD TEACHING CHILDREN WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN GENERAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES IN BULGARIA

Attitudes of teachers is an important determinant of behavior in educational settings (Avramidis & Norwich, 2002), and on going discussion suggests it is possible to predict behavior from intentions (Ajzen, 2005). The purpose of this study was to describe the attitudes and predictors of intention toward inclusion of students with physical disabilities in general physical education classes of Bulgarian physical education teachers (PET) and last year university students (LYUS). The ATIPDPE-BG instrument was used to measure attitudes of LYUS from the National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria and Bulgarian PET. Participants were in total 110 (55 females and 55 males), 50 LYUS and 60 PET. An average age of LYUS is 22.65 years, and PET is 35.6 years. The software package SPSS 13.0 was used to analyse results via one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Overall positive attitudes were displayed for the students in contrast to teachers, though no significant differences between males and females were found (F = 0.11, p = 0.74). Attitudes were found to be the strongest predictor of intentions, accounting for 43% of variance (r² = 0.44).
Bimodal CMC: The Glue of Language Learning at a Distance.

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) forms an integral part of the first-year Spanish course, Spanish Without Walls (SWW), designed for distance education. The CMC component of SWW supports bimodal (i.e., oral and written) interactions among students and the instructor and provides the same kinds of benefits as those in face-to-face interactions well documented in the literature on second language acquisition (SLA). The study described here illustrates the progress of a typical first-year language student as she interacts with the course instructor. Analysis of the transcripts of this student's interactions shows that she remained engaged in the language-learning process, actively participated in negotiation of meaning, repaired her language errors, and was able to satisfy her own language-learning needs.
Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and its Risk Factors in 6-60 months old Children in Quchan

Introduction : Despite advances in the oral health of children in recent decades, early childhood caries (ECC) continues to pose a serious threat to child welfare. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and severity of ECC in 6-60 month old children in relation to socioeconomic factors, feeding practices and oral health behaviors in Quchan. Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional study included almost all children enrolled in Quchan's day care centers; 232 six to sixty months children were examined. Social and behavioral information were obtained from parents through a self-administered questionnaire. ECC and severe ECC (S-ECC) were diagnosed based on NIDCR and WHO recommendations. Results : The prevalence of ECC and S-ECC were 59% and 25%, respectively. The overall mean of d2mfs (with cavitated carious surface lesions) and d2psmfs (with cavitated and non-cavitated carious surface lesions) were 2.1 ± 4.45 and 3.80 ± 5.34, respectively. The variables significantly associated with ECC or S-ECC were socioeconomic status, frequency of bottle-feeding, snacking frequency, probable age of starting tooth brushing, person responsible for child’s oral health care and eruption age of the first tooth. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the prevalence of ECC was high among of preschool children in the city of Quchan. It is recommended to increase knowledge of parents about proper feeding habits and oral health practices, and also preschool children accessibility to dental services. Key words : Early childhood caries, Epidemiology
Drugs of abuse consumption in health professionals (physicians and nurses) from two outpatient services of first level attention in Bogota.

We conducted a study to establish the prevalence of drugs of abuse consumption in physicians and nurses in two health institutions in Bogota outpatient identify the frequency of consumption, to establish the prevalence of alcoholism using the CAGE questionnaire and explore the interest participate in prevention or reduction of consumption in the workplace. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study by applying an anonymous survey. Results: There were 58 questionnaires (38 in physicians and 20 nurses). The substances most consumed in both groups were alcohol, cigarettes and energy drinks, followed on medical by marijuana in nursing followed by barbiturates, antidepressants, amphetamines and opiates. The prevalence of alcoholism was greater than 8% in both groups. 58% of physicians and 70% of nurses would participate in the design of occupational health programs to reduce the consumption of psychoactive substances. Conclusions: The use of drugs of abuse is higher that found in the literature for most of the substances in the general population and is similar to the revised health personnel. It recommends the formulation and implementation of corporate policy within the framework of occupational health work of these institutions, aimed at reducing and preventing the consumption of psychoactive substances.
Malaria outpatient management in government health facilities in Kenya : an evaluation of current practices.

Background: Effective case management is a key element of malaria control. Health workers’ performance of assessment, diagnosis, treatment and counseling tasks in accordance with evidence-based standards is critical to ensure adequate quality of malaria case management. Methods: In children below 5 years, the quality of outpatient case management in accordance with national guidelines and factors influencing treatment practices were measured. In older children and adults, the quality of clinical assessment, the accuracy of diagnosis and the ability of clinical signs and symptoms to predict malaria were evaluated. The effects of routine microscopy on malaria case management were described across all-age groups. Data were collected from government facilities in 4 Kenyan districts, in a series of age-specific surveys using a full range of quality of care assessment tools. Results: The majority (89%) of children with malaria were diagnosed in line with national recommendations; however, only 55% of children with uncomplicated malaria had recommended treatment prescribed. The assessment and counselling components were the weakest parts of the case management. Associations between several programmatic interventions (i.e. training, guidelines, wall charts.) and higher quality of treatment were demonstrated. In older children and adults, the performance of clinical assessment tasks was sub-optimal and massive overdiagnosis (80%) of malaria was apparent. Clinical signs and symptoms showed little promise of being able to improve health worker’s ability to predict malaria. While routine microscopy might overcome the
Biologie de Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) en laboratoire. II: Durée de développement, sex-ratio, longévité et espérance de vie des adultes

Les etudes faites au laboratoire sur la biologie de Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem, parasitoide d'Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) ravageur des grains de cafe, montrent que les mâles et les femelles presentent, a 26 ± 1°C, des durees de developpement tres proches (20 jours environ). Toutefois, il ressort que les mâles restent dans les fruits de cafeier plus longtemps que les femelles apres leur emergence. Le sex-ratio ne parait pas etre influence par les conditions ambiantes de developpement entre 26 et 30°C et s'etablit en moyenne a 0,12. La longevite des adultes est augmentee par une prise alimentaire a base de miel et l'esperance de vie moyenne, plus elevee pour la femelle que pour le mâle, peut alors depasser un mois a 26 ± 1°C [. ]
Investigating Genotype-Phenotype relationship extraction from biomedical text

During the last decade biomedicine has developed at a tremendous pace. Every day a lot of biomedical papers are published and a large amount of new information is produced. To help enable automated and human interaction in the multitude of applications of this biomedical data, the need for Natural Language Processing systems to process the vast amount of new information is increasing. Our main purpose in this research project is to extract the relationships between genotypes and phenotypes mentioned in the biomedical publications. Such a system provides important and up-to-date data for database construction and updating, and even text summarization. To achieve this goal we had to solve three main problems: finding genotype names, finding phenotype names, and finally extracting phenotype–genotype interactions. We consider all these required modules in a comprehensive system and propose a promising solution for each of them taking into account available tools and resources. Banner, an open source biomedical named entity recognition system, which has achieved good results in detecting genotypes, has been used for the genotype name recognition task. We were the first group to start working on phenotype name recognition. We have developed two different systems (rule-based and machine-learning based) for extracting phenotype names from text. These systems incorporated the available knowledge from the Unified Medical Language System metathesaurus and the Human Phenotype Onotolgy (HPO). As there was no available annotated corpus for phenotype names, we created a valuable corpus with annotated phenotype names using information available in HPO and a self-training method which can be used for future research. To solve the final problem of this project i.e. , phenotype–genotype relationship extraction, a machine learning method has been proposed. As there was no corpus available for this task and it was not possible for us to annotate a sufficiently large corpus manually, a semi-automatic approach has been used to annotate a small corpus and a self-training method has been proposed to annotate more sentences and enlarge this corpus. A test set was manually annotated by an expert. In addition to having phenotype-genotype relationships annotated, the test set con-
Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing.

More than 1 million teenage girls in the United States become pregnant each year; nearly half give birth. Why do these young people, who are hardly more than children themselves, become parents? This volume reviews in detail the trends in and consequences of teenage sexual behavior and offers thoughtful insights on the issues of sexual initiation, contraception, pregnancy, abortion, adoption, and the well-being of adolescent families. It provides a systematic assessment of the impact of various programmatic approaches, both preventive and ameliorative, in light of the growing scientific understanding of the topic.
Efficient Implementation of Real-Time

In this paper, we present an efficient (topology preserving) multiresolution meshing framework for interactive level-of-detail (LOD) generation and rendering of large triangle meshes. More specifically, the presented approach, called FastMesh, provides view- dependent LOD generation and real-time mesh simplification that minimizes visual artifacts. Multiresolution triangle mesh representations are an important tool for reducing triangle mesh complexity in interactive rendering environments. Ideally, for interactive visualization, a triangle mesh is simplified to the maximal tolerated visible error and, thus, mesh simplification is view- dependent. This paper introduces an efficient hierarchical multiresolution triangulation framework based on a half-edge triangle mesh data structure and presents optimized implementations of several view-dependent or visual mesh simplification heuristics within that framework. Despite being optimized for performance, these error heuristics provide conservative error bounds. The presented framework is highly efficient both in space and time cost and needs only a fraction of the time required for rendering to perform the error calculations and dynamic mesh updates.
Primary Mathematics: Capitalising on ICT for today and tomorrow

Now in its second edition, Primary Mathematics continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to teaching and learning mathematics in today's classrooms. With links to both the Australian and New Zealand curriculums, this book covers the core learning areas of measurement, space and geometry, early number concepts, data and statistics, chance and probability, and patterns and algebra. Primary Mathematics encourages the integration of technology into a pedagogically sound learning sequence fr primary mathematics and provides teachers with detailed activities and examples to cater fr the mathematical needs of all learners. The book comes with fee 12-month access to Cambridge HOTmaths, a popular, award-winning online tool with engaging multimedia to help students and teachers learn and teach mathematics concepts. In this edition, the authors emphasise the Proficiencies and General Capabilities of the Australian Curriculum, and provide comparable references to the New Zealand Curriculum - including cultural competencies, teaching as inquiry, and numeracy project curriculum links, which are all firmly embedded in teaching mathematics in New Zealand.