Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complimentary Treatments for Minor GI Disorders

About 80% of the population worldwide use a variety of traditional medicine, including herbal medicines, for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of illnesses, and for the improvement of general well-being. Total consumer spending on herbal dietary supplements in the United States reached an estimated $8.085 billion in 2017. In addition, the 8.5% increase in total sales from 2016 is the strongest growth for these products in more than 15 years. The main reason to use herbal products in these countries is the assumption of a better tolerability compared to synthetic drugs. Whereas in developing countries herbal medicines are mostly the only available and affordable treatment option. Surveys from industrialized countries reveal as main health areas in which herbal products are used upper airway diseases including cough and common cold; other leading causes are gastrointestinal, nervous and urinary complaints up to painful conditions such as rheumatic diseases, joint pain and stiffness. Gastrointestinal disorders are the most widespread problems in health care. Many factors may upset the GI tract and its motility (or ability to keep moving), including: eating a diet low in fiber; lack of motion or sedentary lifestyle; frequent traveling or changes in daily routine; having excessive dairy products; anxiety and depression; resisting the urge to have a bowel movement habitually or due to pain of hemorrhoids; misuse of laxatives (stool softeners) that, over time, weaken the bowel muscles; calcium or aluminum antacids, antidepressants, iron pills, narcotics; pregnancy. About 30% to 40% of adults claim to have frequent indigestion, and over 50 million visits are made annually to ambulatory care facilities for symptoms related to the digestive system. Over l0 million endoscopies and surgical procedures involving the GI tract are performed each year. Community-based studies from around the world demonstrate that 10% to 46% of all children meet the criteria for RAP. Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency, present in 5% to 50% of patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, so it is not surprising that intestinal diseases are common among immunodeficient patients. Gastroenterologists therefore must be able to diagnose and treat patients with primary immunodeficiency. Further, pathogens do influence the gut function. On the other hand, dietary habits and specific food types can play a significant role in the onset, treatment, and prevention of many GI disorders. Many of these can be prevented or minimized by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and practicing good bowel habits.
Indigenous pigmented corn (Zea mays L.) flour as substitute for all-purpose flour to improve the sensory characteristics and nutrient content of crackers

Introduction: There is growing interest in using indigenous crops as alternative food sources that can address food and nutrition insecurity in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient content and sensory characteristics of crackers developed from indigenous pigmented corn (Zea mays L.) called camotes. Methods: Eleven camotes and all-purpose flour (APF) combinations were made into crackers following the modified method of Manley (2001) at University of the Philippines Los Baños. Sensory evaluation was conducted using the linear scale of quality scoring based on standard methods. Proximate composition analysis, nutrient contents and phytochemical components were conducted using standard methods. Data from the sensory evaluation were analysed using non-parametric Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while results from the chemical analysis were analysed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Results: Sensory characteristics of the cracker containing 80% camotes flour were comparable with those of the 100% APF cracker except in colour. Crackers containing 100% and 80% camotes flour had significantly higher levels of protein, dietary fibre, lysine, tryptophan, zinc, antioxidant activity, phenols, and flavonoids than crackers made of 100% APF. Conclusion: Crackers formulated at 80:20 camotes:APF blend compares most favourably with that from APF crackers. Incorporation of camotes flour into making of crackers increases its nutrient content. Such crackers can serve as a nutrient-dense alternative food source to address the food and nutrition insecurity situation in the Philippines.
Behavioral effects of bisphenol A exposure during the embryonic stage and lactation period in C 57 BL / 6 J mice 山 田 一 之*

It is widely known that exposure to some medicines and/or chemical substances during the embryonic stage and lactating period may have adverse effects on offspring development. Environmental pollution due to chemical substances has grown more serious, leading to extensive research. Chemical substances that impact endocrine function are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA) is an EDC used to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA reportedly has hormone-like actions when released from plastics and bound to estrogen receptors. In the present study, the behavioral effects of exposure to BPA during the embryonic stage and lactating period were investigated using a mouse model that was developed to analyze the effects of drug exposure during early development. BPA-exposed mouse pups showed a significant increase in body weight, similar to previous studies. This result indicates the validity and reliability of the mouse model for the present study. BPA-exposed pups exhibited a slight emotional change in the novel object test compared with vehicle-exposed pups. In adulthood, BPA-exposed mice showed some emotional changes in the open field, elevated plus-maze, auditory startle response, and fear conditioning tests. This study showed that low-dose exposure to BPA during early development affects emotional behavior in offspring, but the observed adverse effects were limited.
2018 3 D imaging of PSD-95 in the mouse brain using the advanced CUBIC method

Aims: Postsynaptic density 95 kDa protein (PSD95) is an important molecule on the postsynaptic membrane. It interacts with many other proteins and plays a pivotal role in learning and memory formation. Its distribution in the brain has been studied previously using in situ hybridization as well as immunohistochemistry. However, these studies are based on 2 dimensional (2D) sections and results are presented with a few sections. The present study aims to show PSD-95 distribution in 3 dimensions (3D) without slicing the brain tissue of C57BL/6 mice into sections using the advanced CUBIC technique. Methods: Immunofluorescent staining using a PSD-95 antibody was performed on a half of the mouse brain after clarifying it using the advanced CUBIC protocol. The brain tissue was imaged using a Zeiss Z1 light sheet microscope and 3D reconstruction was completed using the Arivis Vision 4 dimensional (4D) software. Results: The majority of brain nuclei have similar distribution pattern to what has been reported from in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies in the mouse. The signal can be easily followed in the 3D and their spatial relationship with adjacent structures clearly demarcated. In the present study, some fiber bundles also showed strong PSD-95 signal, which is different from what was shown in previous studies and need to be confirmed in future studies. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences Publication Details Liang, H. , Wang, H. , Wang, S. , Francis, R. , Paxinos, G. & Huang, X. (2018). 3D imaging of PSD-95 in the mouse brain using the advanced CUBIC method. Molecular Brain, 11 (1), 50-1-50-4. Authors Huazheng Liang, Hongqin Wang, Shaoshi Wang, Richard Francis, George Paxinos, and Xu-Feng Huang This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow. edu.au/ihmri/1337 MICRO REPORT Open Access 3D imaging of PSD-95 in the mouse brain using the advanced CUBIC method Huazheng Liang , Hongqin Wang, Shaoshi Wang, Richard Francis, George Paxinos and Xufeng Huang
Hydro-elastic Analysis of Flexible Propellers : An Overview

Especially the last ten years, a growing list of papers has been published on the hydro-elastic analysis of flexible (composite) propellers, showing that we are dealing with a challenging research area. Recent studies have illustrated the benefits related to the concept of flexible propellers, therefore it can be expected that the number of publications will continually grow. At a certain point it can be helpful to evaluate where we are and in which direction we have to go. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of the past research on the hydro-elastic analysis of flexible propellers. The paper shows that the majority of the presented methods for flexible propellers are limited to steady inflow conditions. Validation experiments are hardly ever conducted. Instead a lot of effort is spent on optimization problems and numerical studies which demonstrate the potential benefits of flexible composite propellers. This paper is written with the intention to review research conducted in the past and give recommendations for future
A Parsing Paradox in Head Final Languages : Head-Driven vs . Incremental Parsing *

One of the most prominent topics in the sentence processing literature is the nature of online structure building: how ensuing words form into phrases and ultimately into a sentence. One critical observation underlying this question lies in the cross-linguistic variation of verb position in a sentence. In head-initial languages such as English, a verb comes relatively early in a clause. Thus, in on-line parsing, the following arguments can be immediately attached to the verb to form the phrase structure. In contrast, in head-final languages, such as Korean, a sentence begins with a series of NPs and the verb does not come until the end of the clause. This relatively late arrival of a verb in the sentence raises the question of how speakers of head final languages process strings of NPs. One view is that the NPs remain unattached until their licensing head arrives (i.e., verb), at which point the VP is projected and the NPs are integrated into the structure (Headdriven parsing: Pritchett, 1991, 1992). A more dominant view is that NPs are immediately integrated into a partial structure that is built based on the available local information (i.e., case markers), even before the relevant head arrives (Incremental parsing: Miyamoto, 2002; Yamashita, 1994, 1997; Kim, 1999; Shin 2006). This paper examines the evidence that has been presented in favor of incremental parsing and argues that although local (clausal level) parsing is incremental, the global (inter-clausal level) structural parsing in head-final languages could involve attachment delay, a characteristic feature of head-driven parsing.
Analytically tractable sample-specific confidence measures for semi-supervised learning

In general, classifiers require a large number of labelled training samples preferably covering a wide range of variation to yield a comprehensive and generalising recognition behaviour. However, manual labelling of huge data sets is costly and time-consuming, which is the main motivation for the development of semi-supervised learning algorithms which autonomously extend the “knowledge” gained by classifiers based on a small amount of initial, manually labelled training samples towards increasingly different representatives of the regarded pattern classes.
Role of Leucaena glauca Leaf litter on the Growth and Reproduction of Earthworms Eisenia fetida Savigny

The growth (biomass) and reproduction (cocoon production and hatchlings) of earthworms Eisenia fetida Savigny were observed in leguminous tree Leucaena glauca leaf litter, clay loam soil and cowdung mixture (w/w) in different proportions. They were T1 (cowdung alone), T2 (1 leaf litter: 1 clay loam soil), T3 (1 leaf litter: 1 cowdung), T4 (2 leaf litter: 3 cowdung), and T5 (3 leaf litter: 2 cowdung). The observations were made on 15th, 30th and 45th day. Growth and reproduction of earthworms increased signifi cantly in all proportions but highest in T4. The macro – nutrients content was also higher in T4. The rich nitrogen content of the leaf litter mixed with cowdung might be the reason for supporting the growth, cocoon production and hatchlings production. The results are discussed with nutrient availability of substrates.
Business-funded R&D intensity: impact and complementarity of public financial support

There are relatively few studies that measure the macroeconomic effect of financial support policies on private investment in R&D. By distinguishing direct and indirect measures, the objective of this paper is to analyse the individual effect and the complementarity of these policies. The complementarity is studied in two ways: the complementarity between instruments and the complementarity between jurisdictions. Using a database covering 25 countries of OECD over the period 1990-2007, our dynamic panel data results show that only indirect support (tax incentives) affect directly and significantly the business-funded R&D intensity. Even though direct support (subsidies, loans) do not have any significant individual effect on business R&D, it seems that their strengthening would be detrimental to the effectiveness of indirect support. Indeed, our results show that direct and indirect support are substitutes for stimulating private investment in R&D. Finally, the fact that foreign policies for R&D do not influence the level of private investment in R&D in a country supports the idea of a jurisdiction’s complementarity at the national level. JEL classification: H25, 031, 038
Investigations in Cognitive Grammar

This volume makes accessible a substantial range of recent research in Cognitive Grammar. From disparate sources, it brings together a dozen innovative papers, revised and integrated to form a coherent whole. This work continues the ongoing program of progressively articulating the theoretical framework and showing its descriptive application to varied grammatical phenomena. A number of major topics are examined in depth through multiple chapters viewing them from different perspectives: grammatical constructions (their general nature, their metonymic basis, their role in grammaticization), nominal grounding (quantifiers, possessives, impersonal it), clausal grounding (its relation to nominal grounding, an epistemic account of tense, a systemic view of the English auxiliary), the "control cycle" (an abstract cognitive model with many linguistic manifestations), finite clauses (their internal structure and external grammar), and complex sentences (complementation, subordination, coordination). In each case the presentation builds from fundamentals and introduces the background needed for comprehension. At the same time, by bringing fresh approaches and new descriptive insights to classic problems, it represents a significant advance in understanding grammar and indicates future directions of theory and research in the Cognitive Grammar framework. The book is of great interest to students and practitioners of cognitive linguistics and to scholars in related areas.
Recent advances in communicating with chaos

The past few years have witnessed rapid growth in the field of mobile and indoor radio applications. Chaotic communications schemes are potentially suitable for these applications, offering simpler and cheaper solutions that currently available Spread Spectrum (SS) techniques. This paper presents an overview of the most promising chaotic communications schemes which have been developed recently and proposes some multilevel extensions of these methods to increase the data rate.
Risk Factors and Drug Interactions Predisposing to Statin-Induced Myopathy Implications for Risk Assessment , Prevention and Treatment

171 1. Definition and Epidemiology of Statin-Induced Myopathy . 173 2. Comparison between Statins . 173 3. Mechanisms of Statin-Induced Myopathy . 174 4. Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Statins . 174 5. Risk Factors that Precipitate Statin-Induced Myopathy . 175 5.1 Patient Characteristics. 175 5.1. 1 Demographic Characteristics . 175 5.1. 2 Genetic Factors . 176 5.1. 3 Co-Morbidities . 177 5.2 Statin Properties . 177 5.2. 1 Dose-Dependent Effects . 177 5.2. 2 Physicochemical Properties of Statins: Lipophilicity versus Hydrophilicity. 178 5.3 Statin-Drug Interactions . 178 5.3. 1 Interactions with Non-Hypolipidaemic Agents . 179 5.3. 2 Interactions with Other Hypolipidaemic Agents . 180 6. Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Statin-Induced Myopathy . 181 6.1 Prevention of Statin-Induced Myopathy . 181 6.2 Management of Statin-Induced Myopathy . 181 7. Conclusions . 182 Abstract HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (‘statins’) represent the most effective and widely prescribed drugs currently available for the reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a critical therapeutic target for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease. In the face of the established lipid lowering and the emerging pleiotropic properties of statins, the patient population suitable for long-term statin treatment is expected to further expand. An overall positive safety and tolerability profile of statins REVIEWARTICLE Drug Saf 2010; 33 (3): 171-187 0114-5916/10/0003-0171/$49.95/0HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (‘statins’) represent the most effective and widely prescribed drugs currently available for the reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a critical therapeutic target for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease. In the face of the established lipid lowering and the emerging pleiotropic properties of statins, the patient population suitable for long-term statin treatment is expected to further expand. An overall positive safety and tolerability profile of statins REVIEWARTICLE Drug Saf 2010; 33 (3): 171-187 0114-5916/10/0003-0171/$49.95/0 a 2010 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
An agroecological Europe in 2050: multifunctional agriculture for healthy eating Findings from the Ten Years For Agroecology (TYFA) modelling exercise

AGROECOLOGY: AN AMBITIOUS AND SYSTEMIC PROJECT Jointly addressing the challenges of sustainable food for Europeans, the preservation of biodiversity and natural resources and the fight against climate change requires a profound transition of our agricultural and food system. An agroecological project based on the phasing-out of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, and the redeployment of extensive grasslands and landscape infrastructure would allow these issues to be addressed in a coherent manner.
MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF GOING PUBLIC : THE EVI DENCE FROM POLAND

The main objective of this study is to indicate the influence of local macroeconomic factors, consequently GDP growt h ra es, the reference interest rate, industrial production growth rates, Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (WIG) returns and the v olume of private equity investments, on the number and va lue of capital raised by IPOs in an emerging market, Polan d, over the period of 2004 to 2012. Our sample includes only lo ca enterprises that conducted an IPO on the Main Marke t of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Financial and privatized com panies are excluded from the data processing. The Spearman correlation analysis is used to identify the relati ons between the macroeconomic (external) determinants and the numbe r of listings and the value of capital raised by IPOs. T he data is evaluated at the significance level of α=5%. The data is processed in two ways. Firstly, dependent variables (X1.X4) and explanatory variables (Y 1.Y5) are analysed simultaneously, next, the explanatory variables are l gged by one year. The findings of the simultaneously data a n lysis can be summarized as follows: A significant difference was found to exist between real GDP growth rates and the numb er of IPOs and between industrial production growth rates and the number of listings. GDP growth rates have also a significa nt positive influence on the value of capital raised by IPOs. I n addition to that, there exists a statistically significant posi tive relationship between the industrial production growth rates and me ian IPO value. Surprisingly, there is just a little empiric al evidence that a relationship between explanatory a dependent variab les exists when the macroeconomic indicators are lagged by one year. Only the pattern of volatility of WIG index returns lead the median value of capital raised IPOs. The correlatio n c efficient between real GDP growth rates and median IPO value is even negative when we shift dependent variables relative o the explanatory variables by one year.
Financial Management Practices on growth of Small and Medium Enterprises : A case of Manufacturing Enterprises in Nairobi County , Kenya

Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) make important contributions to economic and social development of any country. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of financial management practices employed by the SME’s and their effect on growth. The specific objectives of this study were to determine effect of working capital management practices, investment practices, financial planning practices, accounting information systems, financial reporting and analysis practices on the growth of SME. Nairobi County records indicate there are over 50,000 small and micro enterprises in the County. Kenya Association of Manufacturing through the baseline study of 1999, (KAM 2009) recorded 745 active manufacturing SME’s in Kenya with a population of 410 in Nairobi County. Primary data was collected from 41 SMEs using a questionnaire administered to the business owner/manager of the SMEs. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the SMEs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The study established that 75% of the SMEs sold their products cash while 82% maintained a cash limit, 92% have a manual inventory register, 35% have invested in long term assets while 45% used internally generated funds for business financing. 55% do not have a formal accounting system and 74% prepared financial statements without a qualified accountant. The Ministry of Industrialization should introduce capacity building programs for SMEs in the issues of financial management practices.
ANALYSIS OF LOW FREQUENCY VARIABILITY PATTERNS AND CIRCULATION REGIMES OVER SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA AND THEIR RESPONSE TO GLOBAL WARMING AS DEPICTED BY IPCC AR 4 AOGCMS

Most of the studies on the climate change issue have focused on discerning trends and persistent changes forced by anthropogenic increases of greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, in recent years the changes in variability have drawn special attention. Moreover, there has been a considerable effort in understanding whether the recent observed climate variations are induced by anthropogenic forcing or are part of the natural variability of our climate system (Marshall, 2003). Important issues include how modes of variability will change under anthropogenic forcing and whether the response of the climate system will project onto modes of internal variability. Recent studies have shown the importance and relevance of analysing the climate change signal as a projection onto pre-existing natural modes of internal variability of the atmosphere (Stone et al., 2001; Hsu and Zwiers, 2001). An immediately associated question is to know whether climate change also affects the modes on which it projects. Palmer (1999) suggested that the climate response to an external forcing might cause a change in the occurrence frequency of recurrent flow patterns associated with natural variability, rather than a change in the modes themselves. Several studies focused on the Northern Hemisphere have confirmed this approach and shown the relevance of modifications in the temporal statistics of recurrent regimes of atmospheric states to describe climate change (Solman and Le Treut, 2006; Hsu and Zwiers 2001, Kageyama et al. 1999).