Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Laser Diodes to Optical Disk Systems: The History of Laser Diode Development and Mass Production in Three Generations of Optical Disk Systems

Twenty years after Dr. Holonyak's invention, a compact disc (CD) was introduced to the market in 1982. A laser diode is always in the heart of optical storage systems and a variety of other industrial applications. Innovations in laser diode technologies have brought optical storage evolutions from CD to digital versatile disc (DVD) and then Blu-ray disc (BD) every ten years. Since the most important reason for our success in laser development is our choice of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for growing these semiconductor alloys, MOCVD equipment, growth conditions, material properties, and phenomena associated with MOCVD and various alloy lasers grown by MOCVD are described in detail. Reviewing the development history would tell us how the laser diode has created a huge market and why recent innovations will predict future applications.
DRUG RESISTANCE AND CONJUGATIVE R PLASMIDS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM MIGRATORY WATERFOWL

We evaluated drug resistance and R plasmids of 554 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of migratory waterfowl, including whistling swans (Cygnus columbianus), pintails (Anas acuta) and black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) collected from the San-in District, Japan, between each November and March, 1983 to 1984, 1984 to 1985, and 1985 to 1986. Seven antimicrobial agents were tested: dihydrostreptomycin (DSM), kanamycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin (ABPC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chloramphenicol, and sulfadimethoxine (SDMX). Many strains were resistant to several drugs; in particular, all strains were resistant to SDMX. Both multiple drug resistant strains and drug resistance patterns occurred most frequently in strains isolated from whistling swans, followed by black-tailed gulls, and pintails, respectively. Of 233 strains, 128 (55%) carried transmissible R plasmids. The drugs with the largest number of resistance patterns observed were, in descending order, OTC, DSM, ABPC, and SDXM.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH SMAN 1 BENGKULU TENGAH

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi serta menganalisa data dengan Redukdi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang disimpulkan sebagai berikut : 1) Perencanaaan pembelajaran oleh guru SMAN 1 Bengkulu Tengah berdasarkan standar kompetensi yang akan dicapai memuat tujuan pembelajaran, materi, metode mengajar sumber belajar dan hasil belajar. Perencanaan dibuat degan mempertimbangkan tujuan yang hendak dicapai, alat apa yang digunakan, materi apa yang diajarkan dengan cara mengevaluasi dan perencanaan pembelajaran, 2) Implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMAN 1 Bengkul Tengahyakni kegiatan pembelajaran menggunakan metode pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan kondisi siswa, 3) Evaluasi pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Tes yang berupa a) (pre-test) tes awal, tes ini merupakan tes yang diberikan sebelum pengajaran dimulai. b) tes tengah kegiatan yakni tes yang dilaksanakan di sela-sela atau pada waktu-waktu tertentu selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. c) Post-test yaitu test yang diberikan setelah proses pembelajaran berakhir, d) tes formatif tes ulangan harian, tengah semester dan f) tes sumatif berupa ulangan semester. Evaluasi terencana yang dilakuakkn oleh guru terakomodir dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran sehingga pelaksanaanya berjalan seuai dengan kebutuhan yang diajarkan.
Human endometrial cells in primary tissue culture: modulation of the progesterone receptor level by natural and synthetic estrogens in vitro.

Primary cultures of human endometrial cells were prepared from surgical biopsy specimens (premenopausal) and used to examine the direct regulatory effects of estrogen on the progesterone receptor (PR) level in vitro. Cells were grown as monolayer cultures in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% steroid-depleted serum from castrate adrenalectomized calves. Maximal stimulation of the PR level was obtained after a 3- to 4-day incubation with 10 nM estradiol. A dose-dependent increase in PR was produced by estradiol, with half-maximal stimulation at 1 nM added hormone and optimal increases (up to 7-fold) at 10 nM. The PR had a Kd of 2.5 ± 0.4 × 10−10 M, as determined by Scatchard analysis using17,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna- 4,9-diene-3,20-dione ([3H]R5020), and sedimentedpredominantly as a 7S species on low salt sucrose density gradients. Estrogen stimulation increased the number of progestin-binding sites without altering the receptor affinity. A variety of estrogens, including the synthetic zearalanol .
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism and lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the metabolism of folate and nucleotides needed for DNA synthesis and repair. Variations in MTHFR functions likely play roles in the etiology of lung cancer (LC). So far, several studies between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LC provide controversial or inconclusive results. METHODS To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 14 publications. Eligible studies were identified by searching the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association. RESULTS Overall, no significant association was detected between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LC risk, the same as in race subgroup. However, in the stratified analysis by histological type, significantly increased non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk was indicated (T-allele vs. C-allele: OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.03-1.19; TT vs. CC: OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.09-1.41; TC vs. CC: OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.03-1.20 and TT+TC vs. CC: OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.03-1.15). At the same time, ever-smokers who carried T-allele (TT+TC) had a 10% decreased LC risk compared with CC genotype carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that the MTHFR 677T null genotype may increase NSCLC risk, however, it may protect ever-smokers against LC risk. Future studies with large sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate this association in more detail.
Functional Mapping of the Neural Circuitry of Rat Maternal Motivation: Effects of Site‐Specific Transient Neural Inactivation

The present review focuses on recent studies from our laboratory examining the neural circuitry subserving rat maternal motivation across postpartum. We employed a site‐specific neural inactivation method by infusion of bupivacaine to map the maternal motivation circuitry using two complementary behavioural approaches: unconditioned maternal responsiveness and choice of pup‐ over cocaine‐conditioned incentives in a concurrent pup/cocaine choice conditioned place preference task. Our findings revealed that, during the early postpartum period, distinct brain structures, including the medial preoptic area, ventral tegmental area and medial prefrontal cortex infralimbic and anterior cingulate subregions, contribute a pup‐specific bias to the motivational circuitry. As the postpartum period progresses and the pups grow older, it is further revealed that maternal responsiveness becomes progressively less dependent on the medial preoptic area and medial prefrontal cortex infralimbic activity, and more distributed in the maternal circuitry, such that additional network components, including the medial prefrontal cortex prelimbic subregion, are recruited with maternal experience, and contribute to the expression of late postpartum maternal behaviour. Collectively, our findings provide strong evidence that the remarkable ability of postpartum females to successfully care for their developing infants is subserved by a distributed neural network that carries out efficient and dynamic processing of complex, constantly changing incoming environmental and pup‐related stimuli, ultimately allowing the progression of appropriate expression and waning of maternal responsiveness across the postpartum period.
Targeting the DNA damage response in oncology: past, present and future perspectives

Purpose of review The success of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficient tumors as an anticancer strategy provided proof-of-concept for a synthetic lethality approach in oncology. There is therefore now active interest in expanding this approach to include other agents targeting the DNA damage response (DDR). We review lessons learnt from the development of inhibitors against DNA damage response mechanisms and envision the future of DNA repair inhibition in oncology. Recent findings Preclinical synthetic lethality screens may potentially identify the best combinations of DNA-damaging drugs with inhibitors of DNA repair and the DDR or two agents acting within the DDR. Efforts are currently being made to establish robust and cost-effective assays that may be implemented within appropriate time-scales in parallel with future clinical studies. Detection of relevant mutations in a high-throughput manner, such as with next-generation sequencing for genes implicated in homologous recombination, including BRCA1, BRCA2, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated is anticipated. Novel approaches targeting the DDR are currently being evaluated and inhibitors of ATM, RAD51 and DNA-dependent protein kinase are now in early drug discovery and development. Summary There remains great enthusiasm in oncology practice for pursuing the strategy of synthetic lethality. The future development of antitumor agents targeting the DDR should include detailed correlative biomarker work within early phase clinical studies wherever possible, with clear attempts to identify doses at which robust target modulation is observed.
The Co-Occurrence of Physical and Cyber Dating Violence and Bullying Among Teens

This study examined the overlap in teen dating violence and bullying perpetration and victimization, with regard to acts of physical violence, psychological abuse, and—for the first time ever—digitally perpetrated cyber abuse. A total of 5,647 youth (51% female, 74% White) from 10 schools participated in a cross-sectional anonymous survey. Results indicated substantial co-occurrence of all types of teen dating violence and bullying. Youth who perpetrated and/or experienced physical, psychological, and cyber bullying were likely to have also perpetrated/experienced physical and sexual dating violence, and psychological and cyber dating abuse.
Business Process Management Journal The effects of process orientation : a literature review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to carry out a literature review of studies that have analyzed the effects of process orientation (PO). Design/methodology/approach – An examination of the literature is undertaken to review studies that report about the influence of PO on organizational performance. Studies are classified into statements without straight empirical support, quantitative studies, and case studies. Findings – A total of 26 studies are identified that report about effects of PO on organizational performance. Studies where positive effects are obtained are predominant. The effects most often reported are speed improvements, increase of customer satisfaction, improvement of quality, reduction of cost, and improvement of financial performance. Research limitations/implications – According to the results of the paper, positive effects of PO are clearly more often reported than negative effects. It might be the case that popular press and case studies tend to report positive effects more often than no (or negative) effects. This possible bias towards positive effects is an important limitation of this paper. The paper identifies a lack of quantitative studies investigating the effects of PO on organizational performance. Practical implications – The paper offers interesting implications for managers, pointing out that a process-oriented organizational design may result in a positive influence on organizational performance. Originality/value – The findings are derived from a comprehensive literature review of studies that have investigated the PO-organizational performance link. In addition, ideas for improving future research in this field are provided.
Effect of ischemic preconditioning on hepatic tolerance to cold ischemia in the rat

Abstract A short warm ischemia before reperfusion has been shown to improve the tolerance of the heart and the liver to a prolonged warm ischaemia. The present experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of such preconditioning on hepatic tolerance to an extended cold ischemia. In a model of isolated perfused liver, livers from Wistar rats (250–350 g) were stored for 24 h in UW (4 °C) immediately after harvesting and reperfused for 3 h at 37 °C. Control livers subjected to a 24-h cold ischemia were compared to livers subjected to preconditioning (defined as a 5- or 10-min clamping of the hepatic pedicle followed by a 10-min reperfusion before liver harvesting) prior to the definitive 24-h cold ischemia. While there was no difference in bile production between the preconditioned groups and the controls, transaminases and LDH release was significantly increased, vascular resistance was enhanced, and preservation injury was more extensive in both preconditioned groups as compared to controls. In contrast to the beneficial effect reported on prolonged warm ischaemia, preconditioning has a deleterious effect on hepatic tolerance to an extended cold ischemia.
Cerebral hemodynamic impairment: assessment with resting-state functional MR imaging.

PURPOSE To test the feasibility of noninvasive global assessment of cerebral hemodynamic impairment with use of resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this institutional review board-approved study, five patients with chronic hypoperfusion without neurologic impairment and six patients with acute stroke underwent 10-minute resting-state functional MR imaging and dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging, which was considered the standard of reference. All patients gave informed consent. The temporal shift of low-frequency signal fluctuations in each voxel compared with the averaged whole brain or global mean signal at resting-state functional MR imaging and the delay in time to peak at dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging were computed with voxel-wise analysis. The similarity of the temporal delay maps obtained with resting-state functional MR imaging and perfusion data, as well as the stability of the resting-state functional MR imaging measurement, were evaluated with the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the two-tailed t test (random-effect analysis). RESULTS The brain tissue with normal perfusion at dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced imaging showed no delay to global mean signal at resting-state functional MR imaging, whereas areas of abnormal perfusion with delayed time to peak (3.4 seconds ± 2.1) showed a delay at resting-state functional MR imaging that was similar to the time to peak at dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging, both in spatial coverage (mean DSC, 0.57 ± 0.16) and tendency (t = 5.1, P < .001). Resting-state functional MR imaging measurements were highly stable (mean DSC, 0.83 ± 0.12). CONCLUSION Resting-state functional MR imaging temporal-shift analysis can noninvasively demonstrate the extent and degree of perfusion delay in patients with hypoperfusion both with and without neurologic deficit.
Silybin inhibition of amatoxin uptake in the perfused rat liver.

Silybin dihemisuccinate, in a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml, almost completely inhibited the uptake of an amatoxin by the perfused rat liver. Similary, silybin should also interrupt absorption of toxins due to enterohepatic circulation, e.g. in dog and man. This effect may become important in the therapy of human Amanita poisoning.
Influence of dietary calcium levels on bone development in broiler breeder hens.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of three dietary calcium (Ca) levels on bone characteristics of 198 broiler breeder hens during the laying period. The pullets in each experimental diet were randomly divided into three treatment groups with 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% dietary Ca (66 birds per treatment) fed from 23 to 60 weeks of age. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial block design (effect of 2 ages and 3 Ca levels). Three types of breeder diets containing 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% Ca were fed from 23 to 60 weeks of age (laying period) and these include: breeder phase 1 (23 to 34 weeks), breeder phase 2 (35 to 46 weeks) and breeder phase 3 (47 to 60 weeks). The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but varied only in Ca and phosphorus (P). Feed was provided in restricted amounts in accordance with the breeders’ recommendations. At 35 and 60 weeks of age, 12 birds were randomly selected from each treatment and killed by cervical dislocation and tibiae (left and right) and right humeri from each bird excised. Parameters studied were bone weight, bone length, bone midshaft width, bone breaking strength (BS), bone stress, percent bone, true cortical area and bone ash percentage. These results showed no (P>0.05) beneficial effects of feeding increased Ca levels on all bone parameters except BS. Feed intake and body weight of broiler breeder hens were lower when 1.5% Ca was included in the diet. It seems that 2.5% Ca (4 g Ca/hen/day) is adequate to stimulate feed intake and support growth of broiler breeder hens. Bone stress decreased (P<0.081) with age, indicating that the degree of bone mineralisation was greater at 35 weeks compared to 60 weeks.
The quality of life of women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Purpose: To assess how certain clinical symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect the quality of life of women, their activity, and their sexual lives. Materials and methods: The World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) was used to assess the quality of life and health of 78 women diagnosed with PCOS, and the female sexual function questionnaire -28 (FSQ-28) was used to assess their sexual activity and associated disorders. Results: Among three groups of women with varying body mass indexes and aged 26.93 years on average, significant differences (p<0.05) were found in quality of life. In individual domains of the WHOQOL-Bref, the median score of women with obesity was lower than that of women with normal body weight or with overweight. Women with symptoms of hirsutism showed lower quality of life than women without these symptoms, while women who had undergone treatment for 4–6 years experienced significantly worse quality of life than those who had undergone therapy for less than 3 or more than 6 years. In the various domains of sexual response, regression analysis showed a positive correlation (p <0 .05) between better quality of life and women’s sexual activity. Conclusions: Clinical symptoms of PCOS such as obesity and hirsutism affect women’s quality of life, as does the length of infertility treatment, whereas general quality of life affects the occurrence of disorders in women at particular stages of sexual response.
Improvement in pulmonary function following antibiotics in infants with cystic fibrosis

Recent studies have shown the presence of lung disease in even asymptomatic infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). While pulmonary function testing (PFT) is often used to follow progression of lung disease and guide treatment in older children with CF, little data is available on change in infant PFTs in young children with CF.
IA-64 and elementary functions - speed and precision

I. IA-64 Architecture 1. NEW ARCHITECTURE OBJECTIVES. VLIW. Memory Enhancements. Software Pipelining. Floating Point Enhancements. Summary. 2. IA-64 INSTRUCTIONS AND REGISTERS. Instructions. Register Sets. Accessing Memory. Assembly Language. Problems. 3. INCREASING INSTRUCTION LEVEL PARALLELISM. Branching. Speculation. Problems. 4. FLOATING POINT ARCHITECTURE. Floating Point Status Register. Precision. Fused Multiply-Add. Division and Square Root Assists. Floating Comparisons. Communication between Floating Point and General Purpose Registers. Fixed Point Multiplication. SIMD Arithmetic. Problems. 5. PROGRAMMING FOR IA-. Compiler Options. Pragmas. Floating Point Data Types. In-Line Assembly. The fenv.h Header. Extended Examples. Quad Precision. Problems. II. Computation of Elementary Functions. 6. MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES. Floating Point. Approximation and Error Analysis. The Exclusion Theorem. Ulps. Problems. 7. APPROXIMATION OF FUNCTIONS. Taylor Series. Lagrangian Interpolation. Chebychev Approximation. Remez Approximation. Practical Considerations. Function Evaluation. Table Construction. Problems. 8. DIVISION. Approximations for the Reciprocal. Computing the Quotient. Division Using Only Final Precision Results. Fast Variants of Division. Remainder. Integer Division. An Implementation of Division. Problems. 9. SQUARE ROOT. Approximations. Rounding the Square Root. Computing the Square Root. Calculating the Reciprocal Square Root. An Implementation of Square Root. Problems. 10. EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS. Definitions and Formulas. Argument Reduction. Error Containment. Computing the Exponential. The Function expm. Problems. 11. LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS. General Relations. Argument Reductions. Error Analysis. The Function log1p. Computing the Logarithm. Problems. 12. THE POWER FUNCTION. Definition. Single Precision. Double Precision. Double-Extended Precision. Quad Precision. Computing the Power Function. Problems. 13. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS. Formulas and Identities. Argument Reduction. Error Analysis. Computing the Trigonometric Functions. Problems. 14. INVERSE SINE AND COSINE. Definitions and Formulas. Argument Reduction. Error Analysis. Computing the arcsin. Problems. 15. INVERSE TANGENT FUNCTIONS. Definitions and Formulas. Argument Reduction. Error Analysis. Computing the arctan. Problems. 16. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS. Definitions and Formulas. Argument Reduction. Error Analysis. Computing the Hyperbolic Functions. Problems. 17. INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS. Definitions and Formulas. arcsinh. arccosh. arctanh. Problems. 18. ODDS AND ENDS. Correctly Rounded Functions. Monotonicity. Alternative Algorithms. Testing. New Architectural Directions. Problems. A. IN-LINE ASSEMBLY. B. SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS. BIBLIOGRAPHY. SUBJECT INDEX.
Interspecies Transmission of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus from the Domestic Cat to the Tsushima Cat (Felis bengalensis euptilura) in the Wild

ABSTRACT Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was isolated from a wild-caught Tsushima cat (Felis bengalensis euptilura), an endangered Japanese nondomestic subspecies of leopard cat (F. bengalensis). Phylogenetic analysis of the env gene sequences indicated that the FIV from the Tsushima cat belonged to a cluster of subtype D FIVs from domestic cats. FIVs from both the Tsushima cat and the domestic cat showed similar levels of replication and cytopathicity in lymphoid cell lines derived from these two species. The results indicated the occurrence of interspecies transmission of FIV from the domestic cat to the Tsushima cat in the wild.