Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ackerman’s Tumor and Field Cancerization with Emphasis on Chemoprevention

Slaughter et al (1953) coined the term ‘field cancerization’ for the mucosa of head and neck region undergoing genetic transformation directly proportional to the intensity and duration of carcinogen exposure, making it more susceptible to develop many foci of premalignant lesions and malignant transformation. This increases the overall incidence and variety of oral cancers we encounter in our day-to-day practice. We describe a patient with an exophytic oral lesion diagnosed as verrucous carcinoma, who was already undergoing treatment, regular follow-up and recovering well from speckled leukoplakia. The lesion was completely excised. The patient subsequently developed leukoplakias in the affected field which histopathologically showed mild to moderate dysplasia. This case shows that mucosa was breaking at different points into different premalignant lesions and neoplasm, in spite of patient’s abstinence from the habit and regular treatment with meticulous follow-up, chemoprevention is also briefly reviewed. This report highlights two important aspects: (1) Site-specific treatment is not adequate and (2) Regular, close and meticulous follow-up is important for high-risk patients.
The effects of altered flow and bed sediment on macroinvertebrates in stream mesocosms

River regulation and altered land use are common anthropogenic disturbances resulting in ecological impacts through siltation or altered hydrology. We tested the separate and combined effects of increased flow and fine particles (colmation) on macroinvertebrates in flume mesocosms. We hypothesised that increased flow would reduce any effects of colmation. We tested two bed types, namely clean and colmated sediment where fines were 10% by weight. Two flow rates were initially established, namely a turbulent flow in six mesocosms and a lower rate to create a transitional flow between turbulent and laminar flows in the remaining six mesocosms. After 30 days, macroinvertebrates were sampled and the flow in three turbulent-flow mesocosms and three transitional-flow mesocosms switched to the lower and higher flow rates respectively, thus creating four flow scenarios. The experiment was concluded after sampling macroinvertebrates again at Day 70. We demonstrated that colmation and decreased flows individually result in decreased density and richness of macroinvertebrates and altered assemblage and trait structure. However, our hypothesis that higher flows would ameliorate any effects of fines was not supported. Further research is required to evaluate whether lower thresholds of colmation have ecological impacts and determine the velocities required to ameliorate those impacts.
Dividend Policy from the Signaling Perspective and its Effects on Information Asymmetry among Management and Investors

This study attempts to examine the relevance of dividend policy from the signaling perspective and its effects on information asymmetry among management and investors and Compare the relative information content of them. Based on sampling, 88 firms from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) were selected and examined during 2003 to 2010. The findings show that the dividend policy (Divisible profit proportion) has positive and significant relation with market information asymmetry namely when the dividend policy increases the information asymmetry increases, too. On the other side, the test findings indicate the investors are sensitive to the EPS changes and when the EPS changes are positive their dividend increases, but when the divivend of the company decreases the information boggles their mind and information asymmetry increases. By virtue of the findings it may conclude when EPS and DPS changes are not in the same direction the internal and external information asymmetry of the company increases by changing profit division policy.
Equine fecal inoculum optimization in in vitro fermentation assays of dehydrated roughage

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the influence of coastcross hay substrate hydration and equine fecal inoculum dilution on the parameters of fermentation and microbiology in in vitro essays. A 2 × 2 factorial block design was used. The first factor was hydration of the coastcross hay substrate 12 h before incubation or at the time of incubation, and the second factor was the dilution of fecal inoculum with a nutrient solution in a weight: weight ratio of 1:1 or 1:3. Degradation [. ]
Ecological studies of Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus labiatus with reference to habitat segregation and height preference

Ecological studies of two sympatric species of genus Saguinus were carried out with special reference to difference of forest utilization in western Pando, Bolivia from July to December 1979. Saguinus f uscr・col/isweddelli and S. labiatus labiatus made intraspecifically territoriastic groups consisting of 2 to 7 individuals. and often made interspecifically associated groups. They moved in associated groups in the day time. However, there were di汀erencesin height preference for moving and in the size of the insects consumed by the 2 species. The animals also had their own parturition seasons and sleeping sites. S. labiatus is larger than S. fuscicollis in body size, and the intermembral index showed a larger value for S.fuscicollis than for S. labiatus.
Application of artificial neural network for fatigue life prediction under interspersed mode-I spike overload

The objective of this study is to design multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) architecture in order to predict the fatigue life along with different retardation parameters under constant amplitude loading interspersed with mode-I overload. Fatigue crack growth tests were conducted on two aluminum alloys 7020-T7 and 2024-T3 at various overload ratios using single edge notch tension specimens. The experimental data sets were used to train the proposed ANN model to predict the output for new input data sets (not included in the training sets). The model results were compared with experimental data and also with Wheeler’s model. It was observed that the model slightly over-predicts the fatigue life with maximum error of + 4.0 % under the tested loading conditions
Site U1443

1 Clemens, S.C. , Kuhnt, W. , LeVay, L.J., Anand, P., Ando, T. , Bartol, M. , Bolton, C.T. , Ding, X. , Gariboldi, K. , Giosan, L. , Hathorne, E.C. , Huang, Y. , Jaiswal, P., Kim, S. , Kirkpatrick, J.B. , Littler, K. , Marino, G. , Martinez, P., Naik, D. , Peketi, A. , Phillips, S.C. , Robinson, M.M. , Romero, O.E. , Sagar, N. , Taladay, K.B. , Taylor, S.N. , Thirumalai, K. , Uramoto, G. , Usui, Y. , Wang, J., Yamamoto, M. , and Zhou, L. , 2016. Site U1443. In Clemens, S.C. , Kuhnt, W. , LeVay, L.J., and the Expedition 353 Scientists, Indian Monsoon Rainfall. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 353: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi. org/10.14379/iodp.proc.353.103. 2016 2 Expedition 353 Scientists’ addresses. MS 353-103: Published 29 July 2016
Effective Cost of Borrowing from Microfinance Institutions

It has been observed lately that the dependence on moneylenders for borrowing needs of poor borrowers remained stable despite the presence of MFIs, particularly in developing economies. This is surprising given the fact that MFIs charge relatively lower interest rate as compared to moneylenders. The paper explains this trend by arguing that the effective cost of borrowing from MFI is higher relative to the effective cost of borrowing from moneylender. It is due to the additional burden incurred in the form of transaction costs in case of MFI borrowing. Simulation results also support this phenomenon
Are Fiscal and Monetary Policies Reflected in Real Yields? Evidence from a Period of Disinflation and Declining Deficit Targets

We examine the effect of monetary and fiscal policies on yields on short and long-term indexed bonds, in view of the crucial importance of these yields for economic activity. We extend the current literature dealing with the same question by providing evidence about a period in which the government adopted declining inflation and fiscal targets. In such cases the policy shift could be perceived as having implications in the long run and therefore may effect long-term as well as short–term yields. The fact that most government bonds in Israel are CPI-indexed allows us to use the real yields for the various terms directly, without having to decompose nominal yields into a real component and inflation expectations, as is the case with the data for other countries. Our main finding is that fiscal and monetary policies do affect short– and long-term yields. We find that a rise of one percent in the expected deficit/GDP ratio (cyclically adjusted) increases the long-term interest rate by 0.2 percentage points, i.e., Ricardian equivalence does not obtain fully. Another finding is that fiscal policy has a slightly greater effect on long-term yields than on medium- and short-term yields. In addition, changes in the government’s deficit targets affect long–term yields. With regard to the effect of monetary policy, the longer the term of bonds, the weaker is the effect on yields, although the effect on long-term yields is by no means inconsiderable. A one-percentage-point rise in the central bank’s key interest rate (in real terms) serves to increase the yield on one-year bonds by 0.8 percentage points, and the yield on 10-year bonds by 0.3 percentage points. Part of the significant long-term influence of monetary policy stems from its direct effect on the long-term component of yields - which we isolate in this study (the forward component). Our results are best interpreted as evidence for a long-term effect of monetary policy during a (credible) disinflation process. We also find that in the wake of financial liberalization and the greater openness of the economy, the US interest rate has come to affect the yields on domestic bonds, albeit less significantly than expected in a fully open economy.
CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VELVET TAMARIND FRUIT (DIALIUM GUINEENSE)

Information on chemical properties of fruits is crucial in processing it into different foods. Mechanical properties of fruits determine their susceptibility to mechanical damages that occur during harvest, transportation, and storage; and which eventually lead to a pronounced reduction in commercial value. This study was conducted to investigate the chemical and mechanical properties of unshelled (black), shelled (yellow) and kernel of Dialium guineense fruit. The chemical properties investigated include some proximate and mineral elements. The m echanical properties were bio-yield force, rupture force, deformation at rupture point, deformation ratio at rupture point, compressive strength and total strain energy. The fruit pulp was found to be composed of protein (9.4%), carbohydrate (75%), crude fat (5.2%), crude fibre (4.6%), and ash content (2.4%) at 19% moisture content (wb). The mineral composition of the pulp were sodium (3.2 g/kg), magnesium (2.9 g/kg), phosphorus (0.5 g/kg), calcium (0.5 g/kg), iron (0.1 g/kg), and vitamin C (0.3 g/kg) at a pH of 3.9. L ess force is required to crack the fruit across the length, followed by across the thickness and then across the width. Velvet tamarind ( Dialium guineense ) fruit pulp is a promising source of food and essential minerals due to its nutritional values , hence facilitating its postharvest processing is inevitable . http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v36i1. 30
FOLIAR UREA APPLICATION AFFECTS NITRIC OXIDE BURST AND GLYCINEBETAINE METABOLISM IN TWO MAIZE CULTIVARS UNDER DROUGHT

Foliar urea has been proved to act a better role in alleviation of the negative effects of drought stress (DS). However, the modulation mechanism of foliar urea are not conclusive in view of nitric oxide (NO) burst and glycinebetaine metabolism and their relationship. Two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars (Zhengdan 958, JD958, Jundan 20, ZD20) were grown in hydroponic medium, which were treated with spraying of urea concentration of 15 g L -1 and two water regimes (non-stress and DS simulated by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 15% w/v, MW 6000). The ten-day DS treatment increased betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity, choline content and nitric oxide (NO) content acted as the key enzyme, initial substrate and a nitrogenous signal substance respectively in GB synthesis metabolism, thus, induced to great GB accumulation. The accumulation of NO reached the summit earlier than that of GB. The more positive/less negative responses were recorded in JD958 as compared with ZD20 to DS. Addition of foliar urea could increase accumulation of choline and BADH activity as well as NO content, thereby, increase GB accumulation under DS. These positive effects of urea applying foliarly on all parameters measured were more pronounced in cultivar JD20 than those in ZD958 under drought. It is, therefore, concluded that increases of both BADH activity and choline content possibly resulted in enhancement of GB accumulation. Foliar urea application could provoke better GB accumulation by modulation of GB metabolism, possibly mediating by NO burst as a signal molecule during drought, especially in the drought sensitive maize cultivar.
Biological control of leafy spurge with introduced flea beetles (Aphthona spp.).

Astract Flea beetles ( Aphthona spp.) were introduced into leafy spurge (E u p h o r b i a e s u l a L.)-infested rangeland in east-central North Dakota. The study objectives were to evaluate the effects of the introduced insects on leafy spurge cover, density, and yield, and grass and grass-like yield of associated plant communities. A p h t h o n a spp. were released in 1988 and 1989 at 2 sites near Valley City, N.D. Aboveground vegetative sampling for leafy spurge cover, density and yield, and grass and grass-like yield was conducted between 1993 and 1995. Belowground sampling of root density, dry weight and root buds was conducted between the release date and 1995. A p h t h o n a spp. reduced aboveground cover, density and yield of leafy spurge and increased yield of grass and grass-like species. Leafy spurge root density, weight, and number of root buds decreased on insect release sites between release dates and 1995. Reduced stem density of leafy spurge and increased grass and grass-like yield, should enhance cattle use and production from these sites.
Field of Study and Family Outcomes

This paper uses administrative data from 16 cohorts of the Dutch population to study the relationship between field of study and family outcomes. We first document considerable variation by field of study for a range of family outcomes. To get to causal effects, we use admission lotteries that were conducted in the Netherlands to allocate seats for four substantially oversubscribed studies. We find that field of study matters for partner choice, which for women also implies an effect on partners' earnings. Fertility of women is not affected and evidence for men is mixed, but we find evidence for intergenerational effects on children's education. This means that field of study does not only affect individual labor market outcomes but also causally influences other important dimensions of a person's life.
Upper Tail Large Deviations for Arithmetic Progressions in a Random Set

Let $X_k$ denote the number of $k$-term arithmetic progressions in a random subset of $\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$ or $\{1, \dots, N\}$ where every element is included independently with probability $p$. We determine the asymptotics of $\log \mathbb{P}(X_k \ge (1+\delta) \mathbb{E} X_k)$ (also known as the large deviation rate) where $p \to 0$ with $p \ge N^{-c_k}$ for some constant $c_k > 0$, which answers a question of Chatterjee and Dembo. The proofs rely on the recent nonlinear large deviation principle of Eldan, which improved on earlier results of Chatterjee and Dembo. Our results complement those of Warnke, who used completely different methods to estimate, for the full range of $p$, the large deviation rate up to a constant factor.
Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Traditional Fermented Dairy and Meat Products: Assessment by In Vitro Tests and Molecular Characterization

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Greek traditional fermented products. A series of In vitro tests that included survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions (resistance to low pH, bile salts resistance and bile salts hydrolysis) and safety assessment (resistance to antibiotics, haemolytic and antimicrobial activity) were performed to select potential probiotic candidates, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei Shirota were used as reference strains. Initially, a total of 255 isolates of LAB have been recovered and screened for their survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and 133 isolates that exhibited moderate or good behavior in these tests were subsequently differentiated and characterized at species level with molecular tools. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis was applied for strain differentiation, while species differentiation was based on restriction analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA gene. Specific multiplex PCR assay targeting the recA genes was applied to resolve the species level of the isolates, belonged to Lb. plantarum group. From the 133 isolates, 47 different strains were recovered and were assigned to Lactobacillus sakei(14), Lactobacillus curvatus (4), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (4), Lactococcus lactis (4), Lactobacillus casei group (1), Lactobacillus brevis (1), Lb. plantarum (10), Lb. pentosus (7) and Lb. paraplantarum (2). The identified strains with good behavior to the gastrointestinal tract tests were selected and further evaluated for their safety aspect. In conclusion, 19 out of the 47 identified strains were assessed as well-behaved, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and also considered as safe, possessing thus desirable In vitro probiotic properties similar or better to that of the reference strains. These strains may be considered as good candidates for further investigation at in vivo and in situ studies to assess their potential health benefits and their performance as novel probiotic starters or adjunct cultures.
Mathematical Model of Bainitic Transformation in Austempered Ductile Iron

A mathematical model of austenite bainite transformation in austempered ductile cast iron has been presented. The model is based on a model developed by Bhadeshia [1, 2] for modelling the bainitic transformation in high-silicon steels with inhibited carbide precipitation. A computer program has been developed that calculates the incubation time, the transformation time at a preset temperature, the TTT diagram and carbon content in unreacted austenite as a function of temperature. Additionally, the program has been provided with a module calculating the free energy of austenite and ferrite as well as the maximum driving force of transformation. Model validation was based on the experimental research and literature data. Experimental studies included the determination of austenite grain size, plotting the TTT diagram and analysis of the effect of heat treatment parameters on the microstructure of ductile iron. The obtained results show a relatively good compatibility between the theoretical calculations and experimental studies. Using the developed program it was possible to examine the effect of austenite grain size on the rate of transformation.
Design of a Readout Scheme for a MEMS Microphone

This design mainly proposes a readout scheme for MEMS microphone with positive feedback to decrease the parasitic capacitance. It is designed in CMOS014 technology with a supply voltage of 3.3 V. The proposed architecture can increase the microphone’s sensitivity with a comparatively low bias voltage. It enables the microphone to achieve high sensitivity even if it is loaded by an amplifier with large input capacitance. In the mean time, the SNR and THD are not affected much. The Spectre simulation shows that the system can achieve 61 dB SNR (A-weighted), 0.5% THD (1Pa sound pressure) and 1 mW power consumption. Several traditional readout schemes for MEMS microphone are also discussed and compared. The scheme which is based on amplitude modulation is tested and measured on PCB level.
A Model for Tax Advantages of Portfolios with Many Assets

Taxable portfolios present challenges for optimization models with even a limited number of assets. Holding many assets, however, has a distinct tax advantage over holding few assets. In this paper, we develop a model that takes an extreme view of a portfolio as a continuum of assets to gain the broadest possible advantage from holding many assets. We find the optimal strategy for trading in this portfolio in the absence of transaction costs and develop bounding approximations on the optimal value. We compare the results in a simulation study to a portfolio consisting only of a market index and show that the multi-asset portfolio's tax advantage can lead either to significant consumption or bequest increases.
Analysis of the relationship between Oil price, Exchange rate and Stock market in Nigeria

The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamic effects of oil price shock and exchange rate on the Nigeria stock market using monthly data from June 1999 to December 2014, applying Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model. Granger Causality Test, Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) and Variance Decomposition (VDC) were also used to aid in the analysis of the results. The findings showed that oil price, exchange rate and stock market are not co-integrated. Granger Causality Test result indicate that there is bidirectional causality between stock price and exchange rate, also there is bidirectional causality between oil price and exchange rate but unidirectional causality from oil proceed to exchange rate.
Studies on biofungicidal properties of leaf extract of some plants

An in vitro test indicated fungicidal properties in aqueous leaf extracts of Calotropis procera, Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara and Ocimum basilicum (out of 10 plant species screened) against Curvularia tuberculata and Alternaria alternata isolate 'A' obtained from fruits of pear and A. alternata isolate 'B' isolated from fruit of pomegranate (Punica granatum). An in vivo study revealed 64 to 85% control of fruit rot of pears and pomegranate.
Measuring (in a time of crisis) the impact of broadband connections on economic growth: an OECD panel analysis

ABSTRACT Technological innovation has always been considered a major stimulus for economic growth. High-speed internet access via broadband infrastructure has undergone rapid development since the end of the 1990s, thanks to the deployment of both fixed and mobile technologies. The present study investigates the impact of fixed broadband diffusion as a technological determinant of economic growth on the basis of a panel of 23 OECD countries over 15 years (1996–2010). The time horizon chosen is suitable for verification of the causal effect on growth of the transition from traditional copper to partially fibre networks. Through implementation of a dynamic panel by using the generalized method of moments (GMM) combined with an instrumental variable (IV) two-stage approach, we found a positive correlation between broadband diffusion and economic growth, even after controlling for countries initial endowment of information and communication technologies (ICT) and for the years of economic crisis. Our main finding provides evidence, through a continuous time interpretation of our estimations, of a quantitatively relevant relationship between broadband diffusion and economic dynamics in the short, medium and long runs. Our findings may be useful to policy makers in that they permit forecasting of the benefits of further transition from broadband to ultra-wide broadband networks.