Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root Apical Meristem Pattern : Hormone Circuitry and Transcriptional Networks

In higher plants, growth and development relies on the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression, which is under the control of both endogenous signals and external stimuli. In this chapter, recent advances in defining signaling machinery and genetic frameworks that underlie RAM patterning and maintenance are reviewed, with a focus on the interplay between different hormone classes. The evidence for an epigenetic control of the root developmental program is also briefly considered. Conceivably, many other aspects are still to be elucidated. Future challenges deal with, on the one hand, understanding how signaling and genetic programs are modulated to achieve adaptative traits under environmental pressure and, on the other, how cell fate is reprogrammed in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that knowledge from the plant model, Arabidopsis thaliana, could enhance our understanding of more complex species encountered in crop M.B. Bitonti (*) and A. Chiappetta Department of Ecology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Rende (CS), Italy e-mail: b.bitonti@unical.it; a.chiappetta@unical.it U. L€uttge et al. (eds.), Progress in Botany 72, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13145-5_2, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 37 systems and could provide relevant perspectives for both crop improvement and plant biotechnology.
Simultaneous localization and mapping for structured indoor environments

Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) concerns with the problem of building a map of a priori unknown environment by a mobile robot while navigating using the same map. SLAM is a basic requirement for an intelligent mobile robot and paves the way for autonomous navigation. Many of such robots are aimed to serve as our companions in houses, schools, hospitals, etc. Therefore, soon indoor SLAM has to be integrated into simple platforms of service mobile robots to help them to ﬁnd their way and communicate with humans based on the automatically generated maps. Hence, this thesis is concerned with designing algorithms for indoor SLAM in 2D and 3D. Since the focus is on the geometrical structure of the environment, range sensors are considered. In 2D cases the commercially available SICK LMS-200 laser scanner is used; and to obtain 3D range data, the scanner is tilted using a custom built nodding setup. Odometry of the robot is used to initialize the search for correspondences between map and observation.
Turtles on the trash track: loggerhead turtles exposed to floating plastic in the Mediterranean Sea

Loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta spend most of their life in large marine areas occupying a variety of habitats where they are exposed to different types of threats. Among these, marine litter poses a risk of entanglement or ingestion. Areas of risk exposure can be identified where the species overlap with litter accumulations, but gathering data on this highly mobile species and marine litter, especially in high sea areas, is challenging. Here we analysed 5 years of sea turtle and marine litter data collected by a network of research bodies along fixed trans-border transects in the Mediterranean Sea. Ferries were used as observation platforms to gather systematic data on a seasonal basis using standard protocols. Loggerhead turtle sightings over time and space were compared in terms of sightings per unit effort, and risk-exposure areas were assessed based on seasonal overlap of species hot spots and high-density plastic areas revealed by kernel analysis. In almost 180 000 km surveyed, 1258 sea turtles were recorded, concentrated mostly in the central Adriatic Sea and Sardinia-Sicilian channels during all seasons, and in the central Tyrrhenian Sea during spring. Plastic comprised the highest fraction of litter items detected. Several areas of higher risk exposure, both permanent and seasonal, were identified, mainly in the Adriatic Sea and during the spring−summer seasons. Records of both species and floating litter were highly variable, underlying the need for continuous long-term monitoring to develop sound conservation and management measures, especially in the identified areas of risk exposure.
Patterns of Referral Recommendations for Ethnically Diverse Children in Subsidized Child Care

It is important for researchers and practitioners to understand how early referral decisions are made in communities because the long-term consequences of an at-risk child being referred (or not) to an agency for evaluation and intervention are profound. This study explored one referral/intervention program for ethnically diverse, low-income children receiving subsidies to attend center-based child care, and examined correlates of referral recommendations made by teachers and clinicians. In 67 child-care centers, 899 children ages 3 to 4 (67% Hispanic/Latino, 25% African American, and 8% Caucasian/other) were assessed at the beginning of the academic year on cognitive, language, and social-emotional skills, and 588 of these children scored at a level suggesting follow-up. Clinicians and teachers generally agreed on the group of children recommended for further evaluation/referral and interventions. The referred group of children consisted of the children with the lowest scores on the child assessments and those whose parents and teachers showed the most disagreement on self-control.
Whole-brain MEG decoding of symbolic and non-symbolic number stimuli reveals primarily format-dependent representations

The human brain can rapidly form representations of numerical magnitude, whether presented with symbolic stimuli like digits and words or non-symbolic stimuli like dot displays. Little is known about the relative time course of these symbolic and non-symbolic number representations. We investigated the emergence of number representations for three stimulus formats - digits, words, and dot arrays - by applying multivariate pattern analysis to MEG recordings from 22 participants. We first conducted within-format classification to identify the time course by which individual numbers can be decoded from the MEG signal. Peak classification accuracy for individual numbers in all three formats occurred around 110 ms after stimulus onset. Next, we used between-format classification to determine the time course of shared number representations between stimulus formats. Classification accuracy between formats was much weaker than within format classification, but it was also significant at early time points, around 100 ms for both digit / dot and digit / word comparisons. We then used representational similarity analysis to determine if we could explain variance in the MEG representational geometry using two models: a GIST feature model capturing low-level visual properties and an approximate number model capturing the numerical magnitude of the stimuli. Model RSA results differed between stimulus formats: while the GIST model explained unique variance from 100-300 ms for all number formats, the performance of the approximate number model differed between formats. Together, these results are consistent with the view that distinct, format-specific number representations, moreso than a single “abstract” number representation, form the basis of numerical comparison.
The Effect of Capital Expenditure on Local Own-Source Revenue : Study In East Java Indonesia

In the decentralization era, local independence is the logic consequence of the implementation of fiscal decentralization. Further, fiscal decentralization has potentially to increase economic efficiency of the local government if compared with the central government. This research analyzed the effect of capital expenditure through Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) on Local Own-Source Revenue. The sample in this study was 38 districts/ cities in East Java province in Indonesia using path analysis. The results showed some findings, first, capital expenditures which divided into productive capital expenditures and less productive capital expenditures has affect on regional gross domestic product. Second, regional gross domestic product has affects on the forming components of local own-source revenue. Furthermore, less productive capital expenditures and productive capital expenditures have indirect effect on local own-source revenue through regional gross domestic product.
WIND SPEED FORECASTING USING REPTREE AND BAGGING METHODS IN KIRKLARELI-TURKEY

In this study, an analysis was performed by examining the wind power potential of Kirklareli province which is in the west of Turkey. Statistical data between 2001 and 2007 was used in this study. The data was obtained from Kirklareli branch of State Meteorological Service. In Kirklareli region, wind speed forecasts regarding the year 2013 were made for windpower plants that are supposed to be built. WEKA tool was used for the performed analyzes. Algorithm which was used for forecasting is REPTree which is decision tree algorithm. There are two basic reasons to use REPTree algorithm. First, it produces better results compared to other machine learning methods, and secondly, the model produced with REPTree has a clear content. For this reason, new information can be gathered by using the tree model. This advantage of REPTree algorithm is combined with Bagging method and average model is generated by using the models produced by new training sets that are derived from the original training set. In this way, the model that will provide the highest accuracy rate is produced. The correlation coefficient value between the real and estimated values is obtained as 0,8154 by applying cross-validation method on the training set. This shows that REPTree can be used along with Bagging method for the wind speed forecasting of the year 2013.
Blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai: a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas

The rhizostome jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, which is endemic to the East Asian Marginal Seas (i.e. the Bohai, Yellow, East China and Japan Seas), is unique both by its enormous body size (ca. 2 m maximum bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight) and propensity for occasional population explosionss. Massive blooms of this species have historically been reported only once per ca. 40 years (i.e. in 1920, 1958 and 1995), but have become increasingly frequent recently (i.e. in 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006). Both accumulated knowledge on the spatiotemporal distributions and physical modeling of the water circulation show that the medusae are released from benthic polyps during April–June in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and transported by the Tsushima Current to the Japan Sea. The bloom in 2005 might be the largest ever in history; as many as 3–5 10 medusae passed through the Tsushima Strait daily during the summer and there were more than 100,000 complaints from commercial fishermen. The recent blooms of N. nomurai may have been caused by environmental changes, such as increased water temperature, eutrophication, coastal modification, and over-fishing in Chinese coastal waters. Frequent jellyfish blooms can apparently be a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas, one of the world’s most productive fisheries grounds.
Dynamic of Arabica Coffee Marketing Organization in Ngada District:Progress upon Implementing of Geographical Indication

Farmer organization has important role on coffee agribusiness development. Organization was positioned as a driving force on farmer economic activities, especially in strengthening partnership networks. Realizing the importance of organization, the aim of this research was to identify the coffee market structure in the scheme of Geographical Indication; to analyze the dynamic of coffee marketing organization at farmers level; and to analyze added value of wet parchment bean sales at the farmers organization. This research was conducted in Ngada District which includes Bajawa, Golewa and West Golewa Sub-district. Respondents in this study were 100 farmers which determined by using simple random samplingmethod. The primary data was based on questionnaire and secondary data was from journals, articles, and internal reports. Data were analyzed with descriptivequalitativeapproach and Hayami method. The results showed that coffee market structure in Ngada District lead to imperfect competition market (monopsonyoligopsony). The dynamic of farmers organization worked in progress which shown through ease access to market information and networking. Vertically organizational relationship between farmers and other market cooperatives has been established. Added value at UPHs/cooperative in the coffee supply chain was 15,35% of output value
Ultraviolet properties of 
N=8
 supergravity at five loops

We use the recently developed generalized double-copy construction to obtain an improved representation of the five-loop four-point integrand of $N = 8$ supergravity whose leading ultraviolet behavior we analyze using state of the art loop-integral expansion and reduction methods. We find that the five-loop critical dimension where ultraviolet divergences first occur is $D_c=24/5$, corresponding to a $D^8 R^4$ counterterm. This ultraviolet behavior stands in contrast to the cases of four-dimensional $N = 4$ supergravity at three loops and $N = 5$ supergravity at four loops whose improved ultraviolet behavior demonstrates enhanced cancellations beyond implications from standard-symmetry considerations. We express this $D_c=24/5$ divergence in terms of two relatively simple positive-definite integrals reminiscent of vacuum integrals, excluding any additional ultraviolet cancellations at this loop-order. We note nontrivial relations between the integrals describing this leading ultraviolet behavior and integrals describing lower-loop behavior. This observation suggests not only a path towards greatly simplifying future calculations at higher loops, but may even allow us to directly investigate ultraviolet behavior in terms of simplified integrals, avoiding the construction of complete integrands.
Effects of financial and non-financial information disclosure on prices’ mechanisms for emergent markets: The case of Romanian Bucharest Stock Exchange

The issuance of the European Union Regulation (EC) 1606/2002 and the 2007 adoption of the Markets and Financial Instruments Directive in Romania determined us to sett the goal of the present study at investigating the impact of public information disclosure on market values in the case of the Romanian companies listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange. Our focus is mainly on comparing the value relevance of Internet disclosed information provided by annual and interim financial reports and other non-financial news in the decision making process of investors. Consistent with the literature, we anticipate a positive and significant incremental relevance of such information items, even if an important non-uniformity of prices’ adjustments can be expected. In order to have a benchmark for our results, we compare these with the ones specific to a more developed market, the Madrid Stock Exchange. Empirical tests support our research hypothesis according to which there will be a relative incremental value of a higher volume and a better quality of information, reflecting prices’ overreactions even in the case of a market with imperfect trading mechanisms.
Asymptotic Theory of Bayes Factor in Stochastic Differential Equations with Random Effects

Research on model selection in the context of stochastic differential equations (SDE's) is almost non-existent in the literature. In particular, when a system of SDE's is considered, as in random effects models, the problem of model selection has not been hitherto investigated. In this article, we consider a system of SDE's for modeling random effects, and address the question of model selection using Bayes factors. Specifically, we develop the asymptotic theory of Bayes factors when the observed processes associated with the systems of SDE's are independently and identically distributed, as well as when they are independently but not identically distributed.
Antioxidant activity of extracted green algae silpau (Dyctyosphaeria versluysii)

Abstract. Srimariana ES, Apituley DAN. 2019. Antioxidant activity of extracted green algae silpau (Dyctyosphaeria versluysii). Nusantara Bioscience 11: 153-156. Silpau (Dictyosphaeria versluysii) is a green algae that is widely available in Southwest Moluccas regency, living on coral reefs and not classified as seasonal plants. Silpau has long been used by local people, generally in the form of processed vegetables or colo-colo (traditional food). Except for its nutritional value, comprehensive information about silpau still unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine its potential as an antioxidant. The phytochemical content of silpau was analyzed according to the standard method. The antioxidant activity of green algae silpau extract was carried out by reducing DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. Phytochemical test of silpau revealed that silpau contain terpenoid compounds. The result of the study showed that the IC50 value of methanol extract of silpau was 547.97 ppm, indicated that silpau methanol extract categorized as a weak antioxidant.
IRRIGATION STRATEGIES WITH WATER DEFICIT IN ‘TOMMY ATKINS’ MANGO TREE

With the limited availability of water in semi-arid regions, it is necessary that irrigation is accurate and there is high water use efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) in yield, water use efficiency and gas exchange of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango tree in semi-arid conditions. The experimental design was a randomized block with seven treatments for RDI under micro sprinkler and five treatments for the PRD under drip. Treatments were applied in phases PI - early blooming to early fruit expansion, PII - early expansion to early physiologic ripening and in phase III - physiologic ripening of fruits, with application of the RDI of 100, 75 and 50 % of ETc in different combinations of phases and application of PRD 100, 80, 60 and 40 % of ETc in three phases with the partial rootzone druing at 15 days. Photosynthesis, carboxylation efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosynthesis are lower in PRD 40% ETc at 8 a.m. compared to full irrigation and PRD 80 % of ETc. Phases of expansion and fruit ripening are more appropriate for application of RDI with 50 % and 75% of ETc without loss to the crop yield of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango tree and greater water use efficiency. The strategy of partial rootzone drying, PRD, every 15 days with 40 % of ETc, provides greater WUE.
Health insurance and savings over the life cycle—a semiparametric smooth coefficient estimation

Individuals save for future uncertain health care expenses. This is less efficient than pooling health risk through insurance. The provision of comprehensive health insurance may raise welfare by providing the missing market to smooth out consumption through the life cycle. We employ a semiparametric smooth coefficient model to examine the effects of the introduction of the National Health Insurance in Taiwan in 1995 on savings and consumption over the life cycle. The idea is to estimate the coefficients of health insurance which vary with age. Our results suggest that younger households are more sensitive to the risk reductions, and that they demonstrate a greater response in the reduction of their precautionary saving. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GENERAL FORMULATION TO INVESTIGATE SCATTERING FROM MULTILAYER LOSSY INHOMOGENEOUS METAMATERIAL PLANAR STRUCTURES

This paper presents a general formulation to investigate the scattering from Multilayer Lossy Inhomogeneous Metamaterial Planar Structure (MLIMPS) with arbitrary number of layers and polarizations. First, the dominating differential equations of transverse components of electromagnetic fields in each layer are derived. Considering the general solution form of the differential equations and the boundary conditions of the problem; a set of linear equations is obtained. By solving these equations, the electromagnetic fields in all the layers and reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated. This method is used in analyzing two inhomogeneous planar layers consisting of conventional material and metamaterial in an interesting example. The presented results are useful for constructing general duality between conventional materials and metamaterials.
A hierarchy of non-equilibrium two-phase flow models

We review and extend a hierarchy of relaxation models for two-phase flow. The models are derived from the non-equilibrium Baer–Nunziato model, which is endowed with relaxation source terms to drive it towards equilibrium. The source terms cause transfer of volume, heat, mass and momentum due to differences between the phases in pressure, temperature, chemical potential and velocity, respectively. In the context of two-phase flow models, the subcharacteristic condition implies that the sound speed of an equilibrium system can never exceed that of the relaxation system. Here, previous work by Flåtten and Lund [Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 21 (12), 2011, 2379–2407] and Lund [SIAM J. Appl. Math. 72, 2012, 1713–1741] is extended to encompass two-fluid models, i.e. models with separately governed velocities for the two phases. Each remaining model in the hierarchy is derived, and analytical expressions for the sound speeds are presented. Given only physically fundamental assumptions, the subcharacteristic condition is shown to be satisfied in the entire hierarchy, either in a weak or in a strong sense.
Effect of Growth Stage and Pod Position on Soybean Seed Isoflavone Concentration

Field experiments were established during 2004 at two sites of the Emile A. Lods Agronomy Research Centre in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada. Soil types were a fine sandy loam at one site (site A), and a Macdonald clay loam at the other (site B). During seed development and maturation, three replicates of 200 pods were collected from different parts of plants (from the top and base of plants) at three development stages; full-seed pod (R6), yellow pod (R7), and brown pod (R8), resulting in 6 treatments. Total and individual isoflavone concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results indicate that the individual and total isoflavone contents were influenced significantly by growth stage and pod position. The maximum individual and total isoflavone contents were recorded when the soybean seeds were collected from the base parts of plants at brown pod stage (R8). The maximum protein content of 468 g kg-1 was obtained by collecting soybean seeds at the earlier growth stage (R6). Also, the soybean seeds developing at the top parts of plants accumulate greater amount of protein than those from base region. On the other hand, soybean seeds developing at the base parts of plants (first 20 cm from soil surface) accumulate greater amount of oil than those from the top (last 20 cm from soil surface).
Does magnetised drinking water influence poultry's health and production?

Water makes up over 98% of all molecules in the body and it is necessary for several biological processes. Water quality has been shown to influence animal's performance. In recent years, interest in water treatment technology has increased, particularly in poultry. Magnetised water is one of water treatment that has attracted poultry researchers and breeders, due to its low cost compared to chemical and physical water treatments. Water magnetisation changes water properties, making it become more fluid, alkaline and energised. Unfortunately, the information detailed in the literature provides opposite views on the effect of magnetised water on poultry's performance. However, magnetised water, particularly with high gauss (more than 1000 gauss/month) could improve health (immunity), growth (approximately +4 % in weight) for broilers and enhance some egg production traits for hens, such as eggshell thickness (approximately +9 %). This review provides information detailed in the existing literature on the influence of magnetised water on poultry health and production.