Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF ISOLATES FROM BURN WOUNDS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PATNA

CONTEXT: Infection in burn patients is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and remains one of the most challenging concerns for the burn team. The bacteriology of burn wounds is often polymicrobial in nature, and the presence of multi-drug resistant organisms is associated with poor response to antimicrobial therapy, high risk of bacterial sepsis, multi-organ failure and death following burn injury. AIM: This study analyzes the bacterial isolates from burn wounds and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred randomly selected patients with varying degrees of burn injuries, admitted to the burn unit of a tertiary care hospital in Patna, were included in this study. Wound swab/pus/debrided tissue cultures were assessed at weekly intervals. Seven hundred and thirty six samples were eventually collected and analyzed in this study. The samples were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar and Mac Conkey agar for isolation of organisms. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed on Mueller Hinton agar by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: Patients between 30-40 years of age were more prone to burn injury. Females outnumbered males as regards prevalence of burn cases. Positive wound cultures were obtained in 631 (85.7%) cases. Staphylococcus aureus (40.4%) was the most common isolate in the first week, but was replaced by Pseudomonas spp. in the second (26.0%) and third (28.8%) post-burn weeks. High level resistance to oxacillin was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci. Vancomycin was the most effective drug for the gram positive isolates. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to most of the drugs tested. Imipenem was effective against all the gram negative isolates. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial for every burn unit to determine the specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, time-related changes in the dominant flora and their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles. This would enable early treatment of imminent septic episodes with proper empirical antibiotics, without waiting for culture reports, thus improving the overall infection- related morbidity and mortality.
Diurnal variation in the coupling of photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation in iron-limited phytoplankton in the NE subarctic Pacific

Abstract. Active chlorophyll a fluorescence approaches, including fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRF), have the potential to provide estimates of phytoplankton primary productivity at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. FRRF-derived productivity rates are based on estimates of charge separation in reaction center II (ETRRCII), which must be converted into ecologically relevant units of carbon fixation. Understanding sources of variability in the coupling of ETRRCII and carbon fixation provides physiological insight into phytoplankton photosynthesis and is critical for the application of FRRF as a primary productivity measurement tool. In the present study, we simultaneously measured phytoplankton carbon fixation and ETRRCII in the iron-limited NE subarctic Pacific over the course of a diurnal cycle. We show that rates of ETRRCII are closely tied to the diurnal cycle in light availability, whereas rates of carbon fixation appear to be influenced by endogenous changes in metabolic energy allocation under iron-limited conditions. Unsynchronized diurnal oscillations of the two rates led to 3.5-fold changes in the conversion factor between ETRRCII and carbon fixation (Kc / nPSII). Consequently, diurnal variability in phytoplankton carbon fixation cannot be adequately captured with FRRF approaches if a constant conversion factor is applied. Utilizing several auxiliary photophysiological measurements, we observed that a high conversion factor is associated with conditions of excess light and correlates with the increased expression of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the pigment antenna, as derived from FRRF measurements. The observed correlation between NPQ and Kc / nPSII requires further validation but has the potential to improve estimates of phytoplankton carbon fixation rates from FRRF measurements alone.
Lipid sources in diets for egg-laying japanese quail: performance and egg quality

This study evaluated the effect of using lipid sources of plant and animal origin in diets for Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) on production performance and internal egg quality. Japanese quails (n = 160) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replications of five birds each. Lipid sources evaluated were: soybean oil, from poultry slaughterhouse, fish waste and grape seed. The characteristics of performance and internal egg quality were measured every 21 days for a total period of 84 days. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey’s test. There was no effect of treatments on the production performance of birds, except for feed intake, which was higher for birds fed grape seed oil in the diet. Lipid sources evaluated had no influence on the internal egg quality. It can be concluded that the lipid sources evaluated here in can be used as alternative energy in feed for laying quails, without affecting the performance and internal egg quality.
Intraspecific home range scaling: a case study from the owl limpet (Lottia gigantea)

Background: The owl limpet (Lottia gigantea) is an ectothermic invertebrate that inhabits the rocky intertidal zone where it territorially defends home ranges and grazes algae growing on the rocks. Among endothermic species, home range scales isometrically with body mass. Hypothesis: Home range area scales isometrically (scaling exponent ∼1.0) across individuals of the owl limpet, spanning more than an order of magnitude in body mass. Field sites: Southern and central California rocky intertidal sites (n = 5; ∼32.5–35.5N). Methods: Measure home range area and body mass of individuals (n = 104). Determine the scaling exponent. Conclusions: Home range scaling across individuals of L. gigantea exhibits the same isometric relationship that is often found across endothermic species.
College English Network Teaching and Learning Model Oriented by Critical Thinking Problems through Community of Practice

Critical thinking is a kind of higher-levelled thinking model which emphasizes the following skills as conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information gathered from or generated by observation, experience reflection, reasoning, or communication. Critical thinking is also an important skill for the modern college students to master and apply in their study, research and future profession. This kind of skill can be trained and developed in any kind of educational patterns. Formal and informal English teaching and learning is an effective and practical approach. Relying on the information technology and communicative tool, three-stepped college English network teaching and learning model oriented by critical thinking problems through community of practice has been applied in Liaoning Police Academy for a couple of years. This three-stepped model includes: design and release of pre-class central questions, conducting inclass group collabrative learning through discussion and exploration, and carrying out after-class network reflective learning through accomplishing Viewpoint Composition or Reflective Diary. These three steps of teaching and learning centre around exploring, discussing, and answering 10 critical thinking questions advanced by English teachers’ community of practice. After this unique and effective training program, most of college students are passionate for discussing and exploring those deep-levelled questions rather than repeating or imitating those simple and unchallenging questions, and hence, their critical thinking skills are enhanced to a perfect realm. English teachers should remember that an important purpose of teaching English is to develop students’ critical thinking skill through putting forward sufficient questions covering language and cultural issues.
Buried AGNs in Advanced Mergers: Mid-infrared Color Selection as a Dual AGN Candidate Finder

A direct consequence of hierarchical galaxy formation is the existence of dual supermassive black holes, which may be preferentially triggered as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) during galaxy mergers. Despite decades of searching, however, dual AGNs are extremely rare, and most have been discovered serendipitously. Using the all-sky WISE survey, we identified a population of over 100 morphologically identified interacting galaxies or mergers that display red mid-infrared colors often associated in extragalactic sources with powerful AGNs. The vast majority of these advanced mergers are optically classified as star-forming galaxies, which suggests that they may represent an obscured population of AGNs that cannot be found through optical studies. In this work, we present Chandra/ACIS observations and near-infrared spectra with the Large Binocular Telescope of six advanced mergers with projected pair separations less than ∼10 kpc. The combined X-ray, near-infrared, and mid-infrared properties of these mergers provide confirmation that four out of the six mergers host at least one AGN, with four of the mergers possibly hosting dual AGNs with projected separations less than ∼10 kpc, despite showing no firm evidence for AGNs based on optical spectroscopic studies. Our results demonstrate that (1) optical studies miss a significant fraction of single and dual AGNs in advanced mergers, and (2) mid-infrared pre-selection is extremely effective in identifying dual AGN candidates in late-stage mergers. Our multi-wavelength observations suggest that the buried AGNs in these mergers are highly absorbed, with intrinsic column densities in excess of cm−2, consistent with hydrodynamic simulations.
Attitudes towards shared decision making in mental health: a qualitative synthesis

Purpose Shared decision making (SDM) prioritises joint deliberation between practitioner and service user, and a respect for service-users’ experiential knowledge, values and preferences. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature pertaining to key stakeholders’ attitudes towards SDM in mental health. It examines whether perceived barriers and facilitators differ by group (e.g. service user, psychiatrist, nurse and social worker) and includes views of what facilitates and hinders the process for service users and practitioners. Design/methodology/approach This review adopts the principles of a qualitative research synthesis. A key word search of research published between 1990 and 2016 was undertaken. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies were included. Findings In total, 43 papers were included and several themes identified for service user and practitioner perspectives. Both practitioners and service users see SDM as an ethical imperative, and both groups highlight the need to be flexible in implementing SDM, suggesting it is context dependent. A range of challenges and barriers are presented by both practitioners and service users reflecting complex contextual and cultural features within which interactions in mental health take place. There were qualitative differences in what service users and practitioners describe as preventing or enabling SDM. The differences highlighted point towards different challenges and priorities in SDM for service users and practitioners. Originality/value The presentation of nuanced views and attitudes that practitioners and service users hold represent an important and under reported area and offer insight into the reasons for the gap between idealised policy and actual practice of SDM in mental health settings.
Biological parameters of two strains (acaricide resistant and susceptible) of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus

A resistencia do Rhipicephalus microplus aos carrapaticidas ocorre em quase todas as regioes onde ele esta presente e os tratamentos com produtos quimicos sao os mais frequentes. Portanto, monitoramento de carrapatos e fundamental para diagnosticar a resistencia em um estagio inicial, diminuir a propagacao e obter conhecimento da distribuicao da resistencia acaricida. Com o objetivo de se conhecer os parâmetros biologicos de uma cepa sensivel de R. microplus aos principais carrapaticidas utilizados, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido. Foram comparados o numero e o peso de teleoginas, assim como a massa de ovos obtida, a percentagem de eclosao e a eficiencia reprodutiva de duas cepas (sensivel e resistente a acaricidas) do carrapato R. microplus , apos passagem em bovinos. Os resultados demonstraram uma menor capacidade de adaptacao da cepa sensivel, que apresentou menor numero de teleoginas recuperadas (p? 0,0001), com menor peso e massa de ovos. Com relacao aos parâmetros reprodutivos, as teleoginas da cepa sensivel apresentaram percentagem de eclosao (p=0,0002410) e eficiencia reprodutiva reduzidas quando comparadas com aquelas da cepa resistente.
MODIFIER GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND INFLUENCE ON DISEASE EXPRESSION IN HNPCC

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited predisposition to a variety of epithelial malignancies most notable colorectal and endometrial cancer. Unlike other genetic predispositions to colorectal cancer HNPCC does not present with a premalignant phenotype, which as such makes it difficult to predict when or if an affected person will present with disease. The genetic basis of HNPCC has been conclusively shown to be due to mutations in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair. Four DNA mismatch repair genes are associated with HNPCC; hMSH2, hMLH1, hMSH6 and PMS2, with the majority affecting hMLH1 and hMSH2. Aim Mutations in any of the DNA mismatch repair genes have not been shown to result in any obvious genotype/phenotype correlation such that it is not possible to predict with any accuracy the type or age of onset of disease in persons harbouring the same mutation within and between families. The most likely explanation for disease variation in persons harbouring the same mutation is either a genetic modifier of disease risk, environmental insult or a combination of both. Several reports suggest that genetic modifiers of disease risk are capable of influencing the age of disease onset in HNPCC and it is likely that many of them have not yet been identified. Recently several genome-wide association studies have revealed a number of colorectal cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 10p14, 8q23.3, 8q24, 11q23 and 18q21. These loci are of particular importance as they are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and may therefore act as modifiers of disease risk in individuals diagnosed with HNPCC. Materials and methods 373 Australian and 311 Polish HNPCC patients with a molecular diagnosis of HNPCC have been examined for nine polymorphisms in the five loci described above. All DNA samples were genotyped to determine the allele frequency in the nine polymorphisms investigated. A statistically evaluation of the exact nature of the effect on disease risk was assessed using the statistical software package SPSS Graduate Pack Version 12.0. Results The statistical analysis revealed a number of significant results indicating that there might be a correlation between the different polymorphisms and disease development. In this study, hMLH1 mutation carriers harbouring the variant genotype for polymorphism rs3802842 were associated to development of colorectal cancer (CRC) at an earlier age than hMLH1 carriers harbouring the heterozygous or wild type genotype. This suggests that the particular polymorphism might act as a modifier for disease development in hMLH1 mutation carriers. Interestingly, these findings have been observed in both the Australian and Polish population.
Green Gram Rotation Effects on Maize Growth Parameters and Soil Quality in Myanmar

At present maize–green gram crop rotations are not widely practiced among farmers in Myanmar. However, this cropping system might become more popular in the future given raising prices for green gram and maize grain and scarcity of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers in this Asian country. The results of a cropping systems experiment with continuous maize versus a green gram-maize rotation, manure application (0 and 2 t ha −1 ) and phosphorus (P) fertilization (0 and 15 kg P ha −1 ) in each of five consecutive seasons revealed a strong decline in total dry matter and grains yields for both crops irrespective of the treatment. Treatment effects on yield components, nutrient concentrations, mycorrhizal infection and nematode infestation were small or negligible. The data show that in addition to manure used at 2 t ha −1 , application of mineral N fertilizers is essential to maintain particularly maize yields. A comparison of different green gram cultivars did not indicate genotype specific effects on maize growth. The incorporation of legume residues, unless they are used as animal feed, is recommended to increase the recycling of N and to balance N fluxes when green gram is cultivated for seed.
FOUR POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF GLOBAL SEA LEVEL RISE ON COASTAL MARSH STABILITY

We developed four hypothetical scenarios describing how accelerated global sea-level rise might affect wetland area. These scenarios may not describe all possible responses but they guide our investigations and may represent a realistic classification system. Stable wetland area is the first scenario, which requires sufficient marsh vertical accretion and pond-bottom vertical accretion to offset submergence (i.e., the combination of global sea- level rise and local subsidence). The presence of 1,000 year-old coastal wetlands indicates that this scenario is historically common. Marsh accretion mechanisms vary spatially and perhaps temporally. Most marsh accretion occurs via mineral sedimentation, but some occurs via a veg- etative growth mechanism. We do not know what variables and driving forces determine if marsh accretion proceeds via mineral or vegetative mechanisms. Pond-bottoms accrete prima- rily via mineral sedimentation. Three non-stable scenarios are also possible. One unstable scenario, flooding instability, occurs when marsh accretion is slower than sub- mergence. Such inadequate marsh accretion leads to flooding that stresses plants and eventu- ally causes open water to replace marsh as occurs in the rapidly subsiding Mississippi River Deltaic Plain where vegetative accretion averages 7.2 mm/yr. This may be the maximum rate of submergence that coastal marshes can tolerate. If true, then global sea-level rise may have little impact on wetland stability in slowly subsiding areas during the next 200 years. However, many areas subside, and the maximum sustainable rate of vegetative accretion at other latitudes and mineral accretion may be< 7.2 mm/yr. Another unstable scenario, erosional instability, might occur when pond-bottom accretion is slower than submergence. Such inadequate pond accretion would deepen ponds, which would accelerate pond-edge erosion. This scenario might be more common where accretion proceeds via vegetative growth but there are no data to test this hypothesis. The last scenario, Fe/S instability, might develop where marine conditions intrude into tidal, non-saline wetlands. Upland slope primarily determines how far wetlands can migrate inland. However, some non-saline wetland soils might develop insufficient soil Fe/S ratios to support saline wetlands. Iron may improve plant growth in the presence of S O4 2- reduction, and the amount of S 2- that plants survive may depend partly on soil Fe. Marsh zone migration at the expense of tidal, non-saline marshes occurs in the rapidly subsiding Mississippi River Deltaic Plain. However, the role of soil Fe/S ratios in coincident wetland loss is undocumented.
The phase lags of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in four black hole candidates

We measured the phase-lag spectrum of the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) in the black hole systems (at QPO frequencies) GRS 1915+105 (35 Hz and 67 Hz), GRO J1655−40 (300 Hz and 450 Hz), XTE J1550−564 (180 Hz and 280 Hz) and IGR J17091−3624 (67 Hz). The lag spectra of the 67-Hz QPO in, respectively, GRS 1915+105 and IGR J17091−3624, and the 450-Hz QPO in GRO J1655−40 are hard (hard photons lag the soft ones) and consistent with each other, with the hard lags increasing with energy. On the contrary, the lags of the 35- Hz QPO in GRS 1915+105 are soft, with the lags becoming softer as the energy increases; the lag spectrum of the 35-Hz QPO is inconsistent with that of the 67-Hz QPO. The lags of the 300-Hz QPO in GRO J1655−40, and the 180-Hz and the 280-Hz QPO in XTE J1550−564 are independent of energy, consistent with each other and with being zero or slightly positive (hard lags). For GRO J1655−40, the lag spectrum of the 300-Hz QPO differs significantly from that of the 450-Hz QPOs. The similarity of the lag spectra of the 180-Hz and 280-Hz QPO in XTE J1550−564 suggests that these two are the same QPO seen at a different frequency in different observations. If this is correct, the lags could provide an alternative way to identify the high-frequency QPO features in galactic black hole systems. The lag spectrum of the 67-Hz QPO in GRS 1915+105 (hard lags) is significantly different from that of the 2.7 × 10−4 Hz QPO in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RE J1034+396 (soft lags), which disproves the suggestion that the two QPOs are the same physical phenomenon with their frequencies scaled only by the black hole mass. The lag spectrum of the QPO in RE J1034+396 is similar to that of the 35-Hz QPO in GRS 1915+105, although identifying these two QPOs as being the same physical feature remains problematic. We compare our results with those for the lags of the kilohertz QPOs in neutron-star systems and the broad-band noise component in active galactic nuclei, and discuss possible scenarios for producing the lags in these systems.
Impact of 3DVAR Data Assimilation on the Prediction of Heavy Rainfall over Southern China

This study examines the impact of three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) on the prediction of two heavy rainfall events over Southern China by using a real-time storm-scale forecasting system. Initialized from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) high-resolution data, the forecasting system is characterized by combining the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model and the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) 3DVAR package. Observations from Doppler radars, surface Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network, and radiosondes are used in the experiments to evaluate the impact of data assimilation on short-term quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) skill. Results suggest that extrasurface AWS data assimilation has slight but general positive impact on rainfall location forecasts. Surface AWS data also improve model results of near-surface variables. Radiosonde data assimilation improves the QPF skill by improving rainfall position accuracy and reducing rainfall overprediction. Compared with radar data, the overall impact of additional surface and radiosonde data is smaller and is reflected primarily in reducing rainfall overestimation. The assimilation of all radar, surface, and radiosonde data has a more positive impact on the forecast skill than the assimilation of either type of data only for the two rainfall events.