Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real‐time quantitative elemental analysis and mapping: microchemical imaging in cell physiology

Recent advances in widely available microcomputers have made the acquisition and processing of digital quantitative X‐ray maps of one to several cells readily feasible. Here we describe a system which uses a graphics‐based microcomputer to acquire spectrally filtered X‐ray elemental image maps that are fitted to standards, to display the image in real time, and to correct the post‐acquisition image map with regard to specimen drift. Both high‐resolution quantitative energy‐dispersive X‐ray images of freeze‐dried cyrosections and low‐dose quantitative bright‐field images of frozen‐hydrated sections can be acquired to obtain element and water content from the same intracellular regions. The software programs developed, together with the associated hardware, also allow static probe acquisition of data from selected cell regions with spectral processing and quantification performed on‐line in real time. In addition, the unified design of the software program provides for off‐line processing and analysing by several investigators at microcomputers remote from the microscope. The overall experimental strategy employs computer‐aided imaging, combined with static probes, as an essential interactive tool of investigation for biological analysis. This type of microchemical microscopy facilitates studies in cell physiology and pathophysiology which focus on mechanisms of ionic (elemental) compartmentation, i.e. structure‐function correlation at cellular and subcellular levels; it allows investigation of intracellular concentration gradients, of the heterogeneity of cell responses to stimuli, of certain fast physiological events in vivo at ultrastructural resolution, and of events occurring with low incidence or involving cell‐to‐cell interactions.
Mammary epithelial-specific disruption of c-Src impairs cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis

The tyrosine kinase c-Src is activated in a large proportion of breast cancers, in which it is thought to play a key role in promoting the malignant phenotype. c-Src activity is also elevated in transgenic mouse models of breast cancer, including the widely used polyomavirus middle-T antigen (PyVmT) model, which provides an opportunity to study the importance of c-Src in mammary tumorigenesis. However, germline c-Src deletion in mammary epithelial and stromal compartments complicates the interpretation of in vivo tumorigenesis studies as a result of severe defects in mammary gland development. We have therefore engineered a mouse strain in which deletion of c-Src can be targeted to the mammary epithelium. We demonstrate that mammary epithelial disruption of c-Src impairs proliferation and tumor progression driven by PyVmT in vivo. Whereas related kinases substitute for c-Src in PyVmT signaling, c-Src ablation impairs cell cycle progression with decreased cyclin expression and elevated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Our data indicate that c-Src has essential and unique functions in proliferation and tumor progression in this mouse model that may also be important in certain contexts in some human breast cancers.
Tropical tree α-diversity: results from a worldwide network of large plots.

RICHARD CONDIT, PETER ASHTON, HENRIK BALSLEV, NICHOLAS BROKAW, SARAYUDH BUNYAVEJCHEWIN, GEORGE CHUYONG, LEONARD CO, HANDANAKERE SHIVARAMAIAH DATTARAJA, STUART DAVIES, SHAMEEMA ESUFALI, CORNEILLE E.N. EWANGO, ROBIN FOSTER, NIMAL GUNATILLEKE, SAVI GUNATILLEKE, CONSUELO HERNANDEZ, STEPHEN HUBBELL, ROBERT JOHN, DAVID KENFACK, SOMBOON KIRATIPRAYOON, PAMELA, TERESE HART, AKIRA ITOH, JAMES V. LAFRANKIE, INNOCENT LIENGOLA, DANIEL LAGUNZAD, SUZANNE LOO DE LAO, ELIZABETH LOSOS, ELSE MAGARD, JEANREMY MAKANA, N. MANOKARAN, HUGO NAVARRETE, SUPARDI MOHAMMED NUR, TATSUSHIRO OKHUBO, ROLANDO PEREZ, CRISTIAN SAMPER, LEE HUA SENG, RAMAN SUKUMAR, JENS-CHRISTIAN SVENNING, SYLVESTER TAN, DUNCAN THOMAS, JILL THOMPSON, MARTHA ISABEL VALLEJO, GORKY VILLA MUNOZ, RENATO VALENCIA, TAKUO YAMAKURA AND JESS K. ZIMMERMAN
Effectiveness of Speech Response Under Dual-Task Situations

The effectiveness of speech response under a dual-task situation in which participants entered 10 alphabetic strings while concurrently manipulating a robot was examined by an experimental design using response mode as a between-subject factor. The effect of the number of inputs in robot manipulation on dual-task efficiency was also investigated in order to discuss whether the performance benefits for the speech response are enhanced by increasing workload (number of inputs). A total of 12 male participants manipulated a robot using a speech input device. A second group of 12 male participants performed the task using a keyboard. The dual-task efficiency entry time of the speech response was better than that of the manual response. The dual-task percentage correct of the speech response was higher than that of the manual response. Increasing the workload (number of inputs required for robot manipulation) made the tendencies more noticeable. It was clarified that the manual input in the secondary robot man.
Effects of age-related differences in empathy on social economic decision-making

ABSTRACT Background: The ways in which aging affects social economic decision-making is a central issue in the psychology of aging. To examine age-related differences in social economic decision-making as a function of empathy, 80 healthy volunteers participated in the Repeated Fixed Opponent Ultimatum Game (UG-R). Previous economic decision-making research has shown that in younger adults empathy is associated with prosocial behavior. The effects of empathy on older adult social economic decision-making are not well understood. Methods: On each of 20 consecutive trials in the UG-R, one player (“Proposer”) splits $10 with another player (“Responder”) who chooses either to accept (whereby both receive the proposed division) or reject (whereby neither receives anything). Trait cognitive and emotional empathy were measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results: UG-R data were examined as a function of age and cognitive empathy. For “unfair” offers (i.e. offers less than $5), older Responders with high cognitive empathy showed less prosocial behavior and obtained greater payoffs than younger Responders with high cognitive empathy. Conclusions: High levels of cognitive empathy may differentially affect economic decision-making behavior in younger and older adults. For older adults, high cognitive empathy may play a role in obtaining high financial payoffs while for younger adults it may instead be involved in facilitating social relationships.
CD 38 expression as an important prognostic factor in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of leukemic cells in a significant percentage of patients with Bcell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). A recent study suggested that CD38 expression has prognostic value in CLL. Peripheral blood samples from 218 patients with B-CLL were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD38 expression on CD5/19 1 leukemic cells. Various patient characteristics were studied including age, sex, Rai and Binet stages, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hemoglobin (Hgb) level, b-2 microglobulin (b 2M) level in the serum, number of nodal sites involved with disease, and length of survival. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves, and the log-rank statistic was used to compare these curves. CD38 was expressed in 20% or more of leukemic cells in 43% of the patients. Patients with high CD38 expression (20% or more) had significantly shorter survival times ( P 5 .00005). Multivariate analyses showed that CD38 expression is an important prognostic factor associated with high incidence of lymph node involvement ( P 5 .004), lower hemoglobin level ( P 5 .001), hepatomegaly (P 5 .05), and high b2M level (P 5 .00005). CD38 expression identified a group of patients with aggressive disease that was considered by Rai staging to be early-stage disease (Rai stages0-II). Patients with CD38 1 samples have significantly aggressive disease regardless of their clinical stage. Measurement of CD38 expression by flow cytometry should become a routine test in the evaluation of patients with CLL. (Blood. 2001;98:181-186)
The Effect of Cup Versus Alligator Forceps on the Results of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy

BackgroundTransbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is a routine diagnostic procedure for pulmonary diseases and is performed by using either the alligator or cup forceps. The purpose of this study was to compare the role of the type of forceps in the quality and complications of TBLB. MethodsThis was a prospective, observational, double-blinded study. Four samples were taken from each patient through TBLB. Characteristics of the samples, including sample size and number of alveoli, whether it was diagnostic or not, and side effects such as pneumothorax and bleeding, were all recorded. ResultsOne hundred seventy-six biopsy samples obtained from 44 patients were evaluated; 21 patients (47.7%) were male. Of the 88 samples taken with an alligator forceps, based on size, 21.6% were small, 45.5% were medium, and 33% were large. Corresponding results for the samples taken with a cup forceps were 43.2% small, 29.5% medium, and 27.3% large. Of the 88 biopsy samples taken with an alligator forceps, 18.2% were diagnostic; this rate was 23.9% for cup forceps. Significant pneumothorax was not seen in any of the cases in the alligator forceps group, but it was detected in 9% of the cases in the cup forceps group. Significant bleeding was seen in 1% of the alligator forceps and 5.7% of the cup forceps procedures. ConclusionsOur study results, comparing the effect of 2 different kinds of forceps on TBLB results, were consistent with those of other studies with larger samples (P=0.008) using alligator forceps. The diagnostic value of the procedures was not significantly different (P=0.355).
Can Social Media Support Public Health? Demonstrating Disease Surveillance using Big Data Analytics

Rapid growth of the Internet has paved the way for millions of people across the globe to access social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. These social media platforms enable people to share information instantaneously. The large volume of information shared on these platforms can be leveraged to identify outbreaks of various epidemics. This will help health professionals to provide timely intervention, which in return could help save lives and millions of dollars. Analysis of information shared on social media is complicated due to its sheer volume, varied formats and velocity of collection. We have addressed this potential problem by making use of a big data analytics platform capable of handling large quantities of streaming data. In this paper we demonstrate how data from social media can be effectively used in the surveillance of disease conditions.
An exploratory study on mobile banking adoption in Indian metropolitan and urban areas: a scenario-based experiment

ABSTRACT Security concerns have thwarted the widespread adoption of mobile banking in India. To respond to the concerns of Indian banks and their customers, we present in this paper our exploratory attempts to understand how the levels of security affect perceived risk and control and ultimately, adoption of mobile banking by Indian customers. This study also examines the moderating influence of the type of city on the relationship between security levels and risk/control perceptions associated with mobile banking. Using a scenario-based experiment, we classified security-enhancing approaches into three categories and examined their effectiveness in decreasing Indian customers’ perceived risk, increasing their perceived control, and then in turn, facilitating mobile banking adoption. Our findings reveal the important role of perceived risk and control in influencing customers’ intention to adopt mobile banking. Moreover, perceived risk and control significantly influenced mobile banking adoption by customers in urban areas, but only perceived control significantly influenced mobile banking adoption by metropolitan customers. Additional analyses show that customers’ risk and control perceptions differ according to the level of security; however, these perceptions do not have a significant influence on risk and control.
Imaging of Xenopus laevis Oocyte Plasma Membrane in Physiological-Like Conditions by Atomic Force Microscopy

Abstract Xenopus laevis oocytes are an interesting model for the study of many developmental mechanisms because of their dimensions and the ease with which they can be manipulated. In addition, they are widely employed systems for the expression and functional study of heterologous proteins, which can be expressed with high efficiency on their plasma membrane. Here we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to the study of the plasma membrane of X. laevis oocytes. In particular, we developed and optimized a new sample preparation protocol, based on the purification of plasma membranes by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose gradient, to perform a high-resolution AFM imaging of X. laevis oocyte plasma membrane in physiological-like conditions. Reproducible AFM topographs allowed visualization and dimensional characterization of membrane patches, whose height corresponds to a single lipid bilayer, as well as the presence of nanometer structures embedded in the plasma membrane and identified as native membrane proteins. The described method appears to be an applicable tool for performing high-resolution AFM imaging of X. laevis oocyte plasma membrane in a physiological-like environment, thus opening promising perspectives for studying in situ cloned membrane proteins of relevant biomedical/pharmacological interest expressed in this biological system.
The Adaptor Protein Tom1L1 Is a Negative Regulator of Src Mitogenic Signaling Induced by Growth Factors

ABSTRACT The Src family of protein-tyrosine kinases (SFK) play important roles in mitogenesis and morphological changes induced by growth factors. The involved substrates are, however, ill defined. Using an antiphosphotyrosine antibody to screen tyrosine-phosphorylated cDNA expression library, we have identified Tom1L1, an adaptor protein of the Tom1 family and a novel substrate and activator of the SFK. Surprisingly, we found that Tom1L1 does not promote DNA synthesis induced by Src. Furthermore, we report that Tom1L1 negatively regulates SFK mitogenic signaling induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through modulation of SFK-receptor association: (i) Tom1L1 inhibits DNA synthesis induced by PDGF; (ii) inhibition is overcome by c-myc expression or p53 inactivation, two regulators of SFK mitogenic function; (iii) Src or Fyn coexpression overrides Tom1L1 mitogenic activity; (iv) overexpression of the adaptor reduces Src association with the receptor; and (v) protein inactivation potentiates receptor complex formation, allowing increased SFK activation and DNA synthesis. However, Tom1L1 affects neither DNA synthesis induced by the constitutively active allele SrcY527F nor SFK-regulated actin assembly induced by PDGF. Finally, overexpressed Tom1 and Tom1L2 also associate with Src and affected mitogenic signaling in agreement with some redundancy among members of the Tom1 family. We concluded that Tom1L1 defines a novel mechanism for regulation of SFK mitogenic signaling induced by growth factors.
Exploiting Database Technology for Expressive and Efficient Complex Event Processing

Recent research [34] shows that, provided a careful design, complex event processing (CEP) on top of a modern DBMS can compete in many cases with specialized DSMS which have been considered superior for a long time [8]. There are mainly two reasons why building complex event processing on top of an existing DBMS is desirable. First event processing profits form sophisticated techniques and algorithms developed during decades of database research. Second new applications are demanding more functionality, particularly the integration of static and stateful data, but also more expressive event queries and the maintenance and later analysis of logs. These new requirements force specialized DSMS to actually re-implement common database functionality. Starting from that point this doctoral project aims at building an expressive and efficient complex event processing system using a DBMS. For this we first define Temporal Stream Algebra TSA which is an generalization of relational algebra to so-called temporal streams (actually relational algebra is an extremal case of TSA). Second we develop EventMill, a system for efficiently evaluating TSA expressions using a database engine. TSA and Event-Mill are designed to meet the requirements from new ambitious applications of complex event recognition like emergency management in large infrastructures. This includes expressive temporal relations, flexible grouping and aggregation, the integration of static and stateful non-event data, the simultaneous use of multiple timestamps and time models, e.g. application and system time, selective logging, subquery sharing, operator reordering, automatic garbage collection, situation dependent query prioritization, bulk-wise, asynchronous and distributed processing, publish-subscribe dissemination and fault resistance. The doctoral project is part of the international research project EMILI on using CEP for novel forms of emergency management in large infrastructures. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. DEBS 2011 Yorktown Heights, NY USA Copyright 20XX ACM X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX . $10.00.
The Orthopedic Management of Rett Syndrome

Musculoskeletal deformity sufficiently severe to require orthopedic surgery is a significant problem in Rett syndrome. Preliminary results from the study of 16 patients suggest deformity in nearly all patients. Eight patients in stage III and seven patients in stage IV showed clinical evidence of scoliosis. Radiographic studies confirmed a structural curve in nine of ten patients studied. Heel cord tightening was seen in nine of 16 patients. Hip instability was identified as an area of potential concern in the Rett patient. (J Child Neurol 1988;3(Suppl):S43-S48).
Analysis of the efficiency of spinning-current techniques thru compact modeling

Hall-sensors integrated in CMOS technology are good candidates for the design of low-cost magnetometers. However, one of their major limitations is the 0-field offset, and it is essential to take this effect into account in the very early steps of the design process. For this purpose, we recently developed a new compact model for horizontal cross-shaped Hall-effect device. It is based on physical considerations and takes all the device offset sources into account. For applications where the offset issue is critical, the well known spinning-current technique (SC) can be used to reduce the offset. In this paper, we first analyze the efficiency of four different implementations (number of phases, type of bias) of the SC technique on the different offset sources. Second, we compare these SC techniques by Monte-Carlo analysis. Simulations lead to several interesting conclusions, such as the fact that the best offset cancellation is achieved with the 4-phases SC and a current bias.
Wrong and Right; High and Low 14C Dates from Tel Rehov and Iron Age Chronology

Abstract Bruins, van der Plicht and Mazar (2003a) recently presented a new set of 14C measurements from Tel Rehov and interpret them as supporting at least part of the conventional chronology system for the Iron Age strata in the Levant. The present article takes issue with the provenance of the samples and with Bruins, van der Plicht and Mazar's methodology, historical arguments and interpretation of the measurements using the calibration curve. The article shows that the new readings from Tel Rehov far from support the conventional chronology. First, there is an alternative interpretation for the readings from Tel Rehov V, which falls in the very late 10th century BCE. Second, Tel Rehov IV is the contemporary of Megiddo VA (VA–IVB) and hence the latter, with its ashlar palaces, must be dated to the first half of the 9th century BCE. This means that the new Tel Rehov measurements support the most important component of the Low Chronology system.
An Exploratory Evaluation of the Contribution of Personality and Childhood Sexual Victimization to the Development of Sexually Abusive Behavior

Scores on the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were collected from two samples of incarcerated delinquent males: 74 adjudicated sexual abusers and 53 nonsexual abusers. In comparison to non-sexually abusive youths, a larger percentage of the sexually abusive youths indicated a history of childhood sexual victimization. The scores were then entered into a logistic regression to assess the contribution of personality characteristics to a social learning “victim-to-victimizer” etiological model. After controlling for time in treatment, the model correctly classified 76.6% of the youths. The variables that contributed significantly to the social learning model were the CTQ Sexual Abuse and Physical Neglect scales and the Submissive and Forceful scales on the MACI. Research and treatment implications of these findings are discussed.
VARIATION OF SHELL SHAPE IN THE CLONAL SNAIL MELANOIDES TUBERCULATA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF FOSSIL SERIES

Abstract Interpreting paleontological data is difficult because the genetic nature of observed morphological variation is generally unknown. Indeed, it is hardly possible to distinguish among several sources of morphological variation including phenotypic plasticity, sexual dimorphism, within-species genetic variation or differences among species. This can be addressed using fossil organisms with recent representatives. The freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata ranks in this category. A fossil series of this and other species have been studied in the Turkana Basin (Kenya) and is presented as one of the best examples illustrating the punctuated pattern of evolution by the tenants of this theory. Melanoides tuberculata today occupies most of the tropics. We studied variation of shell shape in natural populations of this parthenogenetic snail using Raup's model of shell coiling. We considered different sources of variation on estimates of three relevant parameters of Raup's model: (1) variation in shell shape was detected among clones, and had both genetic and environmental bases; (2) sexual dimorphism, in those clones in which males occur, appeared as an additional source of shell variation; and (3) ecophenotypic variation was detected by comparing samples from different sites and years within two clones. We then tested the performance of discriminant function analyses, a classical tool in paleontological studies, using several datasets. Although the three sources of variation cited above contributed significantly to the observed morphological variance, they could not be detected without a priori knowledge of the biological entities studied. However, it was possible to distinguish between M. tuberculata and a related thiarid species using these analyses. Overall, this suggests that the tools classically used in paleontological studies are poorly efficient when distinguishing between important sources of within-species variation. Our study also gives some empirical bases to the doubts cast on the interpretation of the molluscan series of the Turkana Basin. Corresponding Editor: R. Burton