Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traffic Prediction Using Attentional Spatial-Temporal Deep Learning with Accident Embedding

Nowadays, an intelligent transportation system (ITS) is extremely important. High accuracy traffic prediction has been studied in large-scale networks. Deep learning methods are able to analyze the complex, multi-dimensional data to provide the least traffic prediction error. Both spatial and temporal dependencies provide significant implications for traffic prediction. Hence, we propose a combination of deep learning method architectures which consist of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to analyze spatial and temporal features and predict traffic speed in multiple steps. An accident has a major impact on local traffic congestion. We employ an autoencoder with a monotonic attention mechanism to learn accident embedding input to detect unexpected accidents and their effects. An experiment was conducted on two datasets of Highways England and Thai Expressways. Results showed that spatial and temporal features can solve problems at different locations in the traffic network using the deep learning method to improve traffic prediction performance. Furthermore, a monotonic attention mechanism using an autoencoder to learn how accidents impact on traffic congestion can minimize the prediction error.
The ineffectiveness of technology adoption models in the 4IR era: A case of SMEs in South Africa

In the highly publicised fourth industrial revolution (4IR), the ability to make a decision on what new ICT is suitable for an organisation could determine organisational survival or extinction in some sectors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of moderating factors on the evaluation of new and emerging digital technologies (ICTs) compared with existing digital technologies in current use among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Technology adoption literature suggests that distinct user and organisational characteristics have a moderating role towards the evaluation of new ICTs. SMEs and SME owners are known to exhibit heterogeneous behaviour. Moderating factors seek to reveal such. Data from 222 SME owners in South Africa analysed using multi-group analysis in structural equation modelling however suggested that all the theorised distinct individual characteristics (SME owner’s age, gender, years of experience of use of the current existing ICT as well as years of experience working in the organisation) are not significant in determining the usefulness of existing nor of emerging ICT. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature on technology adoption models in questioning the usefulness of the adoption models in evaluating ICTs in the 4IR. The study significantly contributes to management and practice by identifying that distinct user characteristics might not apply in the evaluation of ICTs in the 4IR. The study recommends turning more to newer innovation theories to evaluate adoption of new ICTs in the 4IR.
Silicon-Based Optical Phased Array Using Electro-Optic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Phase Shifters

We present a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> silicon optical phased array using electro-optic phase shifters to attain high-speed operation with low power consumption. The phase shifters are constructed using a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> junction structure with the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-doped regions formed on both sides of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-region. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-region width of the phase shifter is optimized considering the power consumption for phase-tuning and the propagation loss in the phase shifter. The fabricated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phase shifter exhibits a fast operating speed of 20 MHz and a low phase-tuning power of 1.7 mW/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. From a 1-D optical phased array integrated with 2-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-pitch grating radiators, a wide beam-steering range of 45° is attained along the transversal direction at a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.55~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wavelength. Average power consumption for the beam-forming operation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> OPA is measured to be 39.6 mW and the average transition time to steer the beam is 24 ns.
SAST: Learning Semantic Action-Aware Spatial-Temporal Features for Efficient Action Recognition

The state-of-the-arts in action recognition are suffering from three challenges: (1) How to model spatial transformations of action since it is always geometric variation over time in videos. (2) How to develop the semantic action-aware temporal features from one video with a large proportion of irrelevant frames to the labeled action class, which hurt the final performance. (3) The action recognition speed of most existing models is too slow to be applied to actual scenes. In this paper, to address these three challenges, we propose a novel CNN-based action recognition method called SAST including three important modules, which can effectively learn semantic action-aware spatial-temporal features with a faster speed. Firstly, to learn action-aware spatial features (spatial transformations), we design a weight shared 2D Deformable Convolutional network named 2DDC with deformable convolutions whose receptive fields can be adaptively adjusted according to the complex geometric structure of actions. Then, we propose a light Temporal Attention model called TA to develop the action-aware temporal features that are discriminative for the labeled action category. Finally, we apply an effective 3D network to learn the temporal context between frames for building the final video-level representation. To improve the efficiency, we only utilize the raw RGB rather than optical flow and RGB as the input to our model. Experimental results on four challenging video recognition datasets Kinetics-400, Something-Something-V1, UCF101 and HMDB51 demonstrate that our proposed method can not only achieve comparable performances but be $10\times$ to $50\times$ faster than most of state-of-the-art action recognition methods.
INTERNS' KNOWLEDGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW IN LIGHT OF MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATE TRAINING

Background: Medical educationists claim that pharmacology is a crucial discipline that endows medical students with knowledge about rationality of prescribing a drug. For any teaching-learning program to be effective and updated, constant review and evaluation of curriculum through feedback from students and modification of the teaching methodologies accordingly, becomes very important. Objectives: The study was conducted with the intention to provide some light about the knowledge of CPT among interns in a tertiary care teaching institution so as to assess how adequately their medical undergraduate (UG) teaching in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (CPT) had prepared them for safe and rational prescribing. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Karnataka in 81 randomly selected interns. A structured pre-validated questionnaire was used seeking information about their demographics, confidence to prescribe for common illnesses, experience of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) since the start of their internship. The questionnaire also provided them an opportunity to suggest teaching methods which could be adopted to train undergraduates in the area of CPT. Results: 88% of interns attributed their knowledge of prescribing to their UG CPT training. Majority of them would confidently prescribe antihistaminics, antibiotics and NSAIDS without supervision. Only handful of them (9.6%) had reported ADRs to hospital authorities during internship. According to interns,
The prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in pregnant women in a rural Indian community.

Background Anaemia is the most frequently observed nutritional diseases in the world. In India, anaemia is the second most common cause of maternal death, accounting for 20% of total maternal deaths. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anaemia and to explore factors associated with anaemia in one rural Indian pregnant population. Method The study was conducted in the Maternity Clinic of Pravara Rural Hospital (PRH), Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India. Only pregnant women who were 12-20 weeks of gestation were eligible for inclusion. Anaemia was classified as per the World Health Organisation (WHO) grading criteria. The diagnosis of anaemia was undertaken using the standard peripheral blood smear examination. Consenting participants were interviewed using a pre- structured, pretested questionnaire. Results
CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION: OTHER CLINICAL TRIAL OUTCOMES *

Contrast sensitivity and quality of life are evaluated in some clinical trials and have relevance to clinical practice. Contrast sensitivity measurements are more helpful than visual acuity values in predicting which patients will have difficulty performing tasks that involve visual orientation, such as moving around in unfamiliar surroundings, recognizing faces, and watching television. Quality of life is an important concern for patients, particularly if they have a chronic medical condition, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This article addresses the impact of contrast sensitivity on visual function, explains how it is measured, and reviews the available contrast sensitivity data from studies evaluating verteporfin versus placebo in the treatment of choroidal neovascular lesions. The article also describes the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire and its subscales, compares overall and subscale scores in 4 studies and a reference group, and explains which changes in the overall score are clinically relevant. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with neovascular AMD also is addressed, as is the significance of preference values for selected medical conditions, including subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. (Adv Stud Ophthalmol. 2005;2(3):94-101)
Analysis of Relationship between Brain Ischemia and Angiographic feature in Childhood Moyamoya Disease

In 39 patients with childhood-onset moyamoya disease, angiograms were reviewed for stenoocclusive lesions, and CT scans, MR images, or both were reviewed for the sites and extent of cerebral infarction. The relationship between the angiographic and CT/MR findings was examined. The prevalence and degree of stenoocclusive lesions of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) significantly correlated with the extent of lesions around the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The prevalence of infarction significantly correlated with the degree of stenoocclusive changes of both the ICA and PCA. Infarctions tended to be distributed in the anterior borderzone in less-advanced cases. Our results indicate that progressive changes of the anterior and posterior circulations are associated with the distribution of cerebral infarction, culminating in a patchily disseminated infarction on CT and MR studies in late stages of the disease. (ZHANG Zhiying, WANG Li,WU Jun, XU Yuming. Analysis of Relationship between Brain Ischemia and Angiographic feature in Childhood Moyamoya Disease. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1208-1211) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 180
The use of a new generation self-expanding stent, Vascuflex SEC, for carotid artery stenting Zastosowanie nowej generacji samorozprężalnego stentu Vascuflex SEC do zabiegów stentowania tętnic szyjnych

Background: Technological developments in the embolic protection device (EPD) and stent designs contribute significantly to the progress in endovascular management of carotid artery stenosis. Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of carotid artery stenting (CAS) using a new generation self-expanding nitinol stent, Vascuflex SEC, with different types of embolic protection. Material and methods: Carotid artery stenting with Vascuflex SEC was performed in 50 consecutive patients (age 66.4 ±7.8 years, men 66%, symptomatic 40%) referred for the procedure after independent neurological consultation. Embolic protection device type was selected on the basis of atherosclerotic plaque morphology by duplex ultrasound and CT angiography. In a subset of patients (n = 20), we tested the feasibility of using intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology (IVUS-VH) to guide the EPD choice and final stent post-dilation. Proximal neuroprotection by flow reversal or temporary flow cessation was applied in 23 procedures (46%). Clin- ical evaluation was performed at discharge and at 30 days. Results: Procedural success was 100% and, in all cases, only one stent was implanted per patient/lesion. Direct stenting was per- formed in 20 patients (40%). Intraprocedural IVUS-VH was feasible and safe. Diameter stenosis was reduced from 84.1 ±7.5% to 9.1 ±7.7% (p < 0.001). There were two neurological events: one periprocedural ipsilateral minor stroke and one contralateral major stroke within 30 days. A closure device was used in 80% of patients and no access site complications occurred. Conclusions: In an unselected population referred for carotid revascularization, CAS with Vascuflex SEC stents is safe and effec- tive. Lesion morphology-guided selection of EPD may contribute to the low complication rate.
The 2008 graduate pathways survey : graduates education and employment outcomes five years after completion of a bachelor degree at an Australian university

Most Australian graduates are enjoying employment success and earning high salaries according to this report. The 2008 Graduate Pathways Survey was designed to gain information on employment outcomes five years after completing a bachelor degree, how these changed from graduates’ initial outcomes, the pathways taken and the factors that influence outcomes. Some 9238 graduates from all Table A higher education providers (with one exception) as well as Bond University and the University of Notre Dame participated in the survey. The 2008 Graduate Pathways Survey was the first national study of its kind in Australia. Among the report’s key findings: • Graduates can take a few years to establish their careers: the rate of participation in paid work among graduates rose from 84% to 91% between the first and fifth year following graduation. • At the national level, the median graduate salary rose from $38,000 to $60,000 in the first five years post-graduation – a 58% increase. • Graduate outcomes and pathways varied for different fields of education, with some graduates taking longer to settle into their careers. • Graduates from disadvantaged backgrounds achieved outcomes on par with the general graduate population.
Anomaly-Based DDoS Attack Detection by Using Sparse Coding and Frequency Domain

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become one of the most significant problems that affects the user satisfaction by degrading the availability of on-line services. Although intrusion detection systems provide effective mechanism for discriminating various DDoS attacks, they become impotent of detection when bogus packets similar to normal ones are dispatched by the attacker. One idea is to model the normal behavior of the network traffic using time series representation of that traffic together with advanced statistical analysis techniques such as frequency domain analysis for detecting the occurrence frequency (energy) of each basic element in time series. However, frequency domain analysis may become inadequate if the original frequency features are used for the detection anomalies. Therefore, in this work, we propose a hybrid approach that employs frequency domain analysis with sparse representation model to find discriminative characteristics for anomaly-based DDoS detection. The proposed algorithm distinguish abnormal traffic from the normal one based on the energy of time series for the number of packets feature, which is extracted from the time series data by using the sparse representation model. Experimental results show that performance of the proposed algorithm provides better DDoS detection results than the state-of-the-art time-series based approaches in the literature.
Rate Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO with One-Bit ADCs and DACs

We investigate the downlink rate performance of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) network with conjugate beamforming precoder when the access points (APs) are equipped with one-bit analog-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-analog converters (DACs). Based on Buss-gang decomposition theory, we derive a rigorous closed-form rate expression, which covers the impact of multi-antenna APs, the imperfect quantization error, and channel estimation error. Then, by exploring this closed-form result, we show that the quantization interferences resulted from one-bit quantization can significantly decrease the downlink rate performance. In addition, we also analyze the performance gain provided by adding the total number of antennas or increasing the total transmitted power. We observe that, adding the total number of antenna arrays is a promising way to compensate for the quantization losses. However, these losses cannot be compensated by infinitely increasing the total transmitted power.
Si-based Spin Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors with an Inversion Channel

We demonstrated Si-based bottom-gate-type spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (spin MOSFETs) with an electron inversion channel at room temperature. Our spin MOSFETs were fabricated on a (001)-oriented silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate with a p-type ultrathin (8 nm) Si layer, in which the channel length was 0.4, 0.7, and 1.5 μm, the spin injector/detector were ferromagnetic multilayer (from top to bottom) Fe(4nm)/Mg(1nm)/MgO(1nm) tunnel junctions, and a 200-nm-thick buried oxide layer was used for the gate dielectric. In magnetoresistance measurements with various gate electric fields and source-drain electron currents, clear spin-valve signals were obtained for all the bias conditions. The change of all the spin-valve signals were analyzed to reveal "spin drift" that can enhance the effective spin diffusion length by the lateral electric field parallel to the electron transport in the inversion channel, based on our original formula that takes into account the distribution of the lateral electric field. The effective spin diffusion length becomes larger by 3 - 4 times than the intrinsic spin diffusion length λS = 0.41 μm owing to the increase in the lateral electric field. It was confirmed that the spin drift is very useful to achieve larger spin-valve signals in spin MOSFETs with an electron inversion channel.
Optimal Error Correcting Index Codes for Extended Index Coding Problems

The classical single-sender index coding problem (ICP) with error correction consists of a set of receivers, each receiving some transmissions erroneously. Each receiver demands a single message and has a subset of other messages as side information. The sender transmits an error correcting index code (ECIC) availing the knowledge of side information and demands of all the receivers, such that they are able to decode their demands correctly, even with at most δ erroneously received code symbols. An ICP ${{\mathcal{I}}_e}$ is called an extended ICP (EICP) of another ICP ${\mathcal{I}}$, if the fitting matrix of ${\mathcal{I}}$ is a submatrix of that of ${{\mathcal{I}}_e}$. The ICP ${\mathcal{I}}$ is said to be a sub-problem of ${{\mathcal{I}}_e}$. We construct optimal linear ECICs for some classes of EICPs. We first establish a parameter called the generalized independence number for a special class of EICPs, in terms of those of its sub-problems. Using this result, we construct optimal linear ECICs for a special subclass of EICPs. We identify some classes of EICPs, where optimal linear ECICs can be constructed using linear ECICs of the sub-problems, even when some of the ECICs of the sub-problems are sub-optimal. This is the first work according to the authors’ knowledge, where optimal linear ECICs for some classes of EICPs are constructed using those of the sub-problems.
EFFECTS OF MILK PRESERVATION USING THE LACTOPEROXIDASE SYSTEM ON PROCESSED YOGURT AND CHEESE QUALITY

The lactoperoxidase system (LP-system) is an acceptable chemical method for raw milk preservation, especially in rural areas where refrigeration facilities are absent to farmers. Milk production in most African countries is dominated by small-scale traditional production systems using low yielding local breeds. Therefore, processors who operate in such situations must rely on small volumes of milk from many farmers. Application of the LP-system prolongs the shelf life of raw milk and also encourages grouping of farmers hence facilitating milk collection by processors. The application of the LP-system is a recent preservation method for milk in Cameroon whose efficiency has been proven. Therefore, need arose for further studies on the influence of this method on milk processing as well as the quality dairy products. The LP-system was activated by adding 10 ppm sodium thiocyanate and 8.5 ppm sodium percarbonate to fresh milk. Yoghurt and Bambui cheese were processed separately from treated and untreated (control) milk samples. Yogurt was produced from both the treated and the control milk samples at 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% (v/v) culture levels. Yogurt samples were analysed for acidity, protein content and dry matter content while cheese was analysed for butterfat and moisture content. Statistical tests were conducted by Analysis of Variance using the Fisher's test. Simple organoleptic assessments were conducted to compare yogurt and cheese from the treated and the control milk. Activation of the LP-system delayed lactic acid formation in yogurt during incubation and storage leading to increased energy consumption during processing and an improved keeping quality during storage. LPsystem treatment reduced the overall organoleptic quality of yogurt while it improved on that of Bambui cheese. Dry matter content and fat content of yogurt were not significantly affected by LP-system treatment (P Keywords : Cheese, lactoperoxidase system, milk, yogurt AJFAND Vol. 8 (3) 2008: pp. 358-374