Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Determining the Sum Capacity of a Multi-Spot OFDM System

We propose an iterative method, based on the steepest descent algorithm (SDA), to evaluate the sum capacity in the uplink of a multi-spot system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with centralized power allocation, at any given instant. Because the problem with user power constraints is non-convex, there is no guarantee that the proposed method converges to the optimal solution. However, simulation results show that its solutions by SDA outperform the distributed power control approach presented in S.T. Chung and J.M. Cioffi, (2003). Although, it can be hard to realize in a real time system, the method is an optimal tool to evaluate the maximum rate of a multi-spot system.
Keeping a record of the cultural heritage in the National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City

Noemí Castillo‐Tejero was born in Mexico City, 1933. Master’s Degree in General History, Autonomous National University of Mexico, 1951–53. Master’s Degree in Anthropology and Archaeological Sciences, National School of Anthropology, 1954–60. Higher courses in prehistory at the Archaeological Institute, University of London, 1965–66. Diploma in Planning and Implementing Systems, Bull General Electric, 1970. Professor at the National School of Anthropology (1964–), the Spanish/American University (1976–), the Autonomous National University (1972–), Mexico. Archaeologist at the Prehistory Department, National Institute of Anthropology and History (1960–68). Chief of Section of Electronic Machines (1968–) and the Archaeology Section (1973–), National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City. Publications: twenty‐four works published.
A Low-Power Self-Startup Bandgap Circuit for Energy Efficient Applications

Recently, most of researchers focus on low-power design for monitoring, and controlling different smart platforms. Generating reference voltages for power conditioning of these systems is one of the main design challenges of these systems. Therefore, bandgap reference (BGR) is required for providing a temperature, and supply independent reference voltage. This paper presents a CMOS lowvoltageself-startup BGR circuit with improved power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). The proposed self-startup BGR circuit is based on the relation of a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT), and complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) references. A low-power BGR is implemented in 0.13 µm CMOS technology. The implemented BGR generates a reference voltage of 0.8 V, and consumes 9.5 µA form 3.3 V battery. Moreover, it achieves a high PSRR of 76 dB at 1KHz, while the temperature coefficient is 20 ppm/℃.
Developing a tool for intellectual capital assessment: an individual‐level perspective

This paper aims to develop a model for assessing and valuing the intellectual capital of an organization by gathering data from individual employees. Also, the paper empirically investigates the relationship between intellectual capital and a specific dimension of employees’ performance. Two surveys were conducted on employees of a leading company in the Italian food product market. The sample analysed comprises 1117 observations. A structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology was used to define the measurement model and to determine the relations between intellectual capital and employees’ performance. The model for intellectual capital assessment developed in this paper may integrate already existing intellectual capital frameworks. The three dimensions of intellectual capital identified mutually affect and have a positive effect on employees’ performance. Our findings contribute to the discussion in the promising research stream of intellectual capital management. As limitations, this study focuses on a single company, and it exclusively adopts individual‐level perceptual indicators. These elements make it difficult for any inter‐company comparison.
A 60GHz 16QAM/8PSK/QPSK/BPSK direct-conversion transceiver for IEEE 802.15.3c

This paper presents a 60GHz direct-conversion transceiver using 60GHz quadrature oscillators as shown in Fig. 9.1. 1. The 65nm CMOS transceiver realizes the IEEE802.15. 3c full-rate wireless communication for every 16QAM/8PSK/QPSK/BPSK mode. The maximum data rates with an antenna built in the package are 8Gb/s in QPSK mode and 11Gb/s in 16QAM mode within a BER of < 10−3, and the transmitter and the receiver consume 186mW and 106mW, respectively.
Computation of the mechanical power of a manual wheelchair user in actual conditions: preliminary results

Ambulationwith amanual wheelchair (MWC) is considered as a strenuous form of locomotion both in terms of energetics and in terms of stresses of the musculo-skeletal system. Until now, energetic aspects were only investigated from metabolic measurements, which required the subject to continuously perform the task during several minutes in order to reach a stable metabolic state. Then, it is difficult and sometimes dangerous to study some tasks like starting, stopping or climbing a slope or a little threshold, for instance. So, studying the energetics in these tasks from a mechanical point of view should allow overcoming the limitations induced by the metabolic measurements. Power output during MWC propulsion was computed a long time ago, either from the power dissipated by the rolling resistance or from the power of the propelling torque measured with an instrumented wheel (van der Woude et al. 2001). However, these methods do not allow assessing the mechanical power really produced by the user, and a novel method was recently proposed (Sauret, Vaslin et al. 2012). This latter relies on classical mechanical principles and particularly on the theorem of the kinetic power focused on the {user} system. Indeed, the mechanical power produced by the user can be computed by the internal power (Pint) of the {user} system using the following expression previously detailed in Sauret, Bascou etal. (2012):
Assessment of Resident Physicians' Communicator and Collaborator Competencies by Interprofessional Clinicians: A Mixed-Methods Study

ABSTRACT Phenomenon: As we move toward competency-based medical education, greater emphasis is being placed on assessing a more comprehensive skill set, including the ability to communicate and collaborate effectively in the workplace. Nonphysician members on interprofessional (IP) teams have valuable perspectives on actual resident performance and are often not adequately engaged in the provision of feedback to residents. Based on the educational theories of collaborative evaluation and social constructivism, this research examined the ability of IP clinicians to provide feedback to residents. The aim of this study was to examine IP clinicians' perceptions of their ability to provide formative feedback, through their observations and assessments of developmental pediatric residents, compared to physician supervisors on the rotation, and to qualitatively explore potential barriers to the feedback process from their perspective. Approach: This explanatory, sequential mixed-methods design study first examined which and how many of the CanMEDS Communicator and Collaborator training objectives (N = 40) were considered to be observable and assessable by IP clinicians and physicians. A comparison of the mean number of objectives that were observed and practically assessed by (a) each group (IP clinicians vs. physicians) and (b) clinical service teams during the core developmental pediatrics rotations, were examined using independent t tests. Second, a thematic qualitative analysis of focus groups was used to develop a contextual understanding of the factors that influenced this process. Data were analyzed using three levels of open coding and descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. Findings: Physicians reported they could observe (M = 33.3, SD = 5.2, 83.3%) and assess (M = 31.5, SD = 7.3, 79%) a larger number of objectives compared to the IP clinician group (M = 24.7, SD = 8.6, 61.8% and M = 20.3, SD = 10.6, 51%, respectively). There were no differences between the clinical service teams (i.e., preschool/school-age and pediatric rehabilitation). The objective that was most observable and assessable by the IP clinicians was “Demonstrates a respectful attitude towards other colleagues and members of an interprofessional team. ” Four themes identified by the IP clinicians provided more in-depth qualitative information: (a) assessment requires more than simple observation, (b) assumptions and indirect observation influence assessment, (c) clinic culture and structure shapes observation and assessment, and (d) specific assessment criteria are required by IP clinicians. Insights: IP clinicians have the desire and ability to provide formative feedback to residents. Formalized processes with specific evaluation criteria would facilitate meaningful feedback from IP clinicians in the assessment of residents as they journey toward competence.
How Does Psychotherapy Influence Personality ?

A given type of psychotherapy (e.g., psychodynamic) is associated with a set of specific change techniques (e.g., interpreting defenses, identifying relationship themes). Different change techniques can be conceived of as influencing different parts of personality (e.g., interpreting defense increases conscious awareness). An integrated model of personality is presented. Then, change techniques from different theoretical perspectives are assigned by judges to areas of personality the techniques are believed to influence. The results suggest that specific change techniques can be reliably sorted into the areas of personality. Thinking across theoretical perspectives leads to important new opportunities for assessment, therapy outcome research, and communication with patients concerning personality change. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 60: 1291–1315, 2004.
Normal levels of prepulse inhibition in the euthymic phase of bipolar disorder

Background. Deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response have been suggested as a potentially useful endophenotype for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and may explain certain symptoms and cognitive deficits observed in the psychoses. PPI deficits have also been found in mania, but it remains to be confirmed whether this dysfunction is present in the euthymic phase of bipolar disorder. Method. Twenty-three adult patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder were compared to 20 controls on tests of acoustic startle reactivity and PPI of the startle response. Sociodemographic and treatment variables were recorded and symptom scores assessed using the Hamilton Depression Inventory and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Results. Overall, the patient and control groups demonstrated similar levels of startle reactivity and PPI, although there was a trend for the inter-stimulus interval to differentially affect levels of PPI in the two groups. Conclusions. In contrast to bipolar patients experiencing a manic episode, general levels of PPI were normal in this euthymic sample. Further studies are required to confirm this finding and to determine the mechanisms by which this potential disruption/normalization occurs. It is suggested that an examination of PPI in a high-risk group is required to fully discount dysfunctional PPI as a potentially useful endophenotype for bipolar disorder.
A Mechanism To Explain the Selection of the Hepatitis e Antigen-Negative Mutant during Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) expresses two structural forms of the nucleoprotein, the intracellular nucleocapsid (hepatitis core antigen [HBcAg]) and the secreted nonparticulate form (hepatitis e antigen [HBeAg]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific genetic immunogens to induce HBc/HBeAg-specific CD4+/CD8+ T-cell immune responses and the potential to induce liver injury in HBV-transgenic (Tg) mice. Both the HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific plasmids primed comparable immune responses. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were important for priming/effector functions of HBc/HBeAg-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, a unique two-step immunization protocol was necessary to elicit maximal CTL priming. Genetic vaccination did not prime CTLs in HBe- or HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice but elicited a weak CTL response in HBcAg-Tg mice. When HBc/HBeAg-specific CTLs were adoptively transferred into HBc-, HBe-, and HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice, the durations of the liver injury and inflammation were significantly greater in HBeAg-Tg recipient mice than in HBcAg-Tg mice. Importantly, liver injury in HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice was similar to the injury observed in HBeAg-Tg mice. Loss of HBeAg synthesis commonly occurs during chronic HBV infection; however, the mechanism of selection of HBeAg-negative variants is unknown. The finding that hepatocytes expressing wild-type HBV (containing both HBcAg and HBeAg) are more susceptible to CTL-mediated clearance than hepatocytes expressing only HBcAg suggest that the HBeAg-negative variant may have a selective advantage over wild-type HBV within the livers of patients with chronic infection during an immune response and may represent a CTL escape mutant.
The influence of DNA topology on the environmental regulation of a pH‐regulated locus in Salmonella typhimurium

Salmonella typhimurium is exposed to major shifts in H+ concentration both in its natural and pathogenic environments. The organism undergoes extensive changes in gene expression in response to these pH fluctuations. A current question of regulatory biology is how a change in external pH selectively modulates transcription. We have analysed the expression of one such pH‐regulated locus, aniG, and found it is controlled by several additional environmental conditions including osmolarity and oxygen. For factors such as osmolarity and anaerobiosis, an environmentally triggered change in DNA supercoiling has been suggested as a means for controlling gene expression. Thus, environmentally induced changes in DNA topology were explored as a possible common means for establishing the multiple controls on aniG. The involvement of DNA supercoiling in the genetic response of S. typhimurium to external pH has not previously been defined. This report establishes that alkaline environments lower the linking number of reporter plasmids when compared to acidic environments. A consistent pattern was then established whereby conditions or mutations leading to either increased or decreased negative supercoiling were associated with altered expression of aniG. A similar relationship was observed for another environmentally regulated locus, proU. The DNA topology effects on aniG expression were dependent on the presence of EarA, the negative regulator of aniG. These data can be explained by a model in which repressor‐operator interactions are very sensitive to changes in operator conformation. These environmentally induced topological influences on operator DNA structure contribute to the magnitude of pH control exerted upon aniG.
Analysis of 86 fatal motorcycle frontal crashes in Chongqing, China.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the injuries of motorcyclists involved in fatal motorcycle frontal crashes. METHODS A survey group involving multi-discipline experts was built to randomly collect data on fatal motorcycle frontal collision accidents that occurred in Chongqing during 2006-2010. The sampled information included medical or autopsy reports, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level, helmet use, accident witness, field sketch as well as field photos. The motorcyclist injuries were scored according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2005. The involved riders with a BAC level larger than or equal to 20 mg/ml were attributed to alcohol use. Data were processed statistically with nonparametric test via software SPSS 11.0. RESULTS A total of 86 fatal motorcycle frontal crashes were sampled and further analyzed. The age of motorcyclists enrolled in this investigation showed nominal distribution and the middle-aged (30-39 years) occupied the highest percentage of fatalities. There were only 14 motorcyclists (16.3%) wearing helmets at the moment of collision. And 12.8% of these motorcyclist crashes were attributable to alcohol use. Impact injury was the main fatal cause, accounting for 72% of motorcyclist deaths, followed by tumbling injury (26%) and run-over (2%). Respectively 84%, 22% and 19% of motorcyclists who sustained head, chest and abdominal trauma died. Extremity injury was the most frequently observed injury type. CONCLUSIONS This investigation is helpful to build accident prevention programs and develop protection devices which may effectively mitigate injuries and prevent deaths following motorcycle frontal collision accidents. Further investigations on motorcycle collision accidents are still needed.
Purification and partial characterization of a preneoplastic antigen in liver carcinogenesis.

A preneoplastic antigen has been isolated from the microsomal fraction of the hyperplastic nodules of rat liver. During the purification, the presence of preneoplastic antigen was monitored by microcomplement fixation test and double immunodiffusion plate following reaction with antiserum specific for this antigen. The antigen was purified by seven steps with a purification factor of 167 and 11% yield. It migrated as a single protein band, both in nondenaturing and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; showed a single sharp peak in an isoelectric focusing column at pH 4.75; and had a single serine amino-terminal amino acid. In the absence of detergent during purification, this protein tends to form molecular aggregates. It appears to be a glycoprotein based on the positive periodic acid-Schiff stain and absorption by concanavalin A:Sepharose affinity column chromatography. Amino acid analysis indicated that the protein is acidic, having acidic amino acids (aspartate and glutamate) and basic amino acids (lysine, arginine, and histidine) in a ratio of 6.8. An estimate of the molecular weight by gel filtration gave a value of 145,000 and a calculated Stokes radius of 41.5 A. Electrophoresis under denaturing conditions on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel indicated that this protein is a dimer consisting of two subunits of equal molecular weight (M.W. 74,000). Circular dichroism spectra indicated alpha-helix contents at 298 and 222 nm of 25.5 and 28.3%, respectively. A similar protein is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of normal rat liver, but in a much lower concentration.
Genetic and Culture-Based Approaches for Detecting Macrolide Resistance in Chlamydia pneumoniae

ABSTRACT Three clinical Chlamydia pneumoniae isolates for which the MIC of azithromycin increased after treatment were investigated for genetic evidence of macrolide resistance. Attempts to induce antibiotic resistance in vitro were made. No genetic mechanism was identified for the phenotypic change in these C. pneumoniae isolates. No macrolide resistance was obtained in vitro.
Frame Length Design for Multiband-OFDM Ultra Wideband Networks

A new design of the optimal MAC frame payload length for maximizing the saturation throughput of the Prioritized Contention Access (PCA) of the WiMedia Ultra Wideband (UWB) standard in Rayleigh fading channel is presented in this paper. In the WiMedia standard, the Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is used as the basic physical scheme. The proposed design is based on the throughput analysis carried out by extending an original Enhanced Distributed Contention Access (EDCA) model for 802.11e into the MB-OFDM UWB protocol. The extended model considers the effects of the bit error rate, the transmission opportunity limits, and the uniqueness of WiMedia MAC timing structure. The station throughput is sensitive to the frame payload length, and the optimal frame payload length increases exponentially when the value of the signal-to-noise ratio is higher. The optimal payload length is independent of the number of the active stations, data rate, and the priority of the Access Categories (ACs). Therefore, a station can dynamically adapt the length of the transmitted frame in the MAC layer according to the current SNR level so as to maximize its saturation throughput in the MB-OFDM UWB network.
Comparison of friedewald formula and modified friedewald formula with direct homogeneous assay for low density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation.

OBJECTIVE To compare the Friedewald and modified Friedewald formulae with direct homogeneous assay for serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels estimation. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from June to December 2011. METHODOLOGY Healthy subjects of either gender, from Rawalpindi, aged 18-75 years were included by consecutive sampling. Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, those taking lipid lowering drugs and samples with triglyceride (TG) > 4.52 mmol/l were excluded from the study. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG and LDL-C were measured on Hitachi 912 chemistry analyzer (Roche). LDL-C levels were also calculated by Friedewald formula (FF) and Vujovic modified formula (VMF). Paired sample t-test and scatter plots were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Although both calculated methods showed good correlation with direct assay (r > 0.93) in 300 subjects, but the difference was statistically significant. The ffLDL-C were 0.12 ± 31 mmol/l (p < 0.001) lower and vmfLDL-C were 0.11 ± 26 mmol/l (p < 0.001) higher than dLDL-C. The difference was not significant between ffLDL-C and dLDL-C at TG levels < 1.70 mmol/l (p = 0.58) and between vmfLDL-C and dLDL-C at TG levels 2.26 - 4.52 mmol/l (p = 0.38). At all other TG levels, the difference between LDL-C calculated by both formulas and dLDL-C was statistically significant (p < 0.001). As compared to direct assay, 11% and 14% subjects were classified in wrong National Cholesterol Education Programm's cardiac risk categories by FF and VMF respectively. CONCLUSION LDL-C should be measured by direct homogeneous assay in routine clinical laboratories, as the calculated methods did not have a uniform performance for LDL-C estimation at different TG levels.
Chromosome aberrations of clonal origin are present in astronauts’ blood lymphocytes

Radiation-induced chromosome translocations remain in peripheral blood cells over many years, and can potentially be used to measure retrospective doses or prolonged low-dose rate exposures. However, several recent studies have indicated that some individuals possess clones of cells with balanced chromosome abnormalities, which can result in an overestimation of damage and, therefore, influence the accuracy of dose calculations. We carefully examined the patterns of chromosome damage found in the blood lymphocytes of twelve astronauts, and also applied statistical methods to screen for the presence of potential clones. Cells with clonal aberrations were identified in three of the twelve individuals. These clonal cells were present in samples collected both before and after space flight, and yields are higher than previously reported for healthy individuals in this age range (40–52 years of age). The frequency of clonal damage appears to be even greater in chromosomes prematurely condensed in interphase, when compared with equivalent analysis in metaphase cells. The individuals with clonal aberrations were followed-up over several months and the yields of all clones decreased during this period. Since clonal aberrations may be associated with increased risk of tumorigenesis, it is important to accurately identify cells containing clonal rearrangements for risk assessment as well as biodosimetry.
Cognitive impairment and cortical degeneration in neuromyelitis optica

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) is an inflammatory and demyelinating syndrome characterized by optic neuritis and myelitis. Several magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed abnormalities in normal‐appearing gray matter in NMOsd. The aim of this study is to elucidate the characteristics and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in NMOsd brains.