Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sub-Tenon Block does not Provide Superior Postoperative Analgesia vs Intravenous Fentanyl in Pediatric Squint Surgery

Purpose We evaluated the efficacy of sub-Tenon block in decreasing perioperative pain, incidence of intraoperative oculocardiac reflex (OCR), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in pediatric squint surgery. Methods A total of 67 children age 2-12 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status 1 and 2, were randomized to receive either sub-Tenon block (ST) in the operative eye or 2 mcg/kg of intravenous fentanyl (F) for squint surgery after induction of general anesthesia in this double-blind study. Postoperative pain was measured by either modified Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) or Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Pain in the postoperative period (up to 2 hours) was measured as the primary endpoint. Other parameters measured in the groups were intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative modified CHEOPS or VAS at shifting, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, incidence of intraoperative OCR, and PONV at shifting, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Results There was no statistical difference in the postoperative pain scores in the recovery room up to 2 hours after surgery. The VAS and CHEOPS scores were not different in the groups up to 24 hours after surgery. The incidence of OCR was significantly higher in group F than group ST. The incidence of PONV was significantly higher in group F than group ST at 30 minutes and 1 hour after the surgery (41%, 47% vs 19%, 9%, respectively, p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative hemodynamics and PONV scores after 2 hours in the postanesthesia care unit. Conclusions Use of sub-Tenon block does not decrease the incidence of postoperative pain significantly in children undergoing squint surgery. However, it leads to a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of intraoperative OCR and PONV in the early recovery period in these patients.
Mycoplasma arginini enhances cytotoxicity of thioglycollate‐elicited murine macrophages toward YAC‐1 tumor cells through production of NO

Bacterial products stimulate macrophage tumoricidal activity through release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO). We show here that thioglycollate‐elicited macrophages acquire cytotoxic activity when cocultured with Mycoplasma arginini‐infected YAC‐1 tumor cells and release TNF and NO. Fixed mycoplasma‐infected cells, supernatants from infected‐cell cultures, or purified heat‐killed mycoplasma obtained from cell‐free cultures were all able to induce TNF and NO production. Thus, the mycoplasma per se and not a product of infected cells induce the release of these molecules. Addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the cocultures, which reduced TNF release, or antibodies to TNF, did not affect macrophage cytotoxicity nor NO release. Inhibition of NO production by L‐NAME or aminoguanidine reduced the cytotoxicity, and treatment with a NO donor was toxic to YAC‐1 cells. These results indicate that M. arginini activates thioglycollate‐elicited murine macrophages for NO and TNF release increasing their cytotoxic activity toward YAC‐1 cells and that this activity is dependent on NO but not TNF release. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 808–814; 1999.
Male-related pheromones and the activation of female reproduction in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster).

In virgin female Microtus ochrogaster, increases in uterine weight, indicative of reproductive activation, were observed as early as 20 days of age. Exposure to an unfamiliar adult male for a period of I h or less induced, within 48 h, increases in uterine weight lasting for at least 10 days. Applications of male urine induced increases in uterine weight equivalent to those observed in females exposed to additional visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli from the male; urine from castrated males was less effective than urine from intact males. Direct physical contact with intact males or their urine was essential to reproductive activation, and visual or air-borne cues were not adequate. Sibling male-female pairs of this species do not ordinarily reproduce, probably due to the failure of the female to become reproductively active. Estrus and subsequent reproduction were induced, however, by applications of sibling male urine to the female’s upper lip, suggesting a behavioral barrier to reproduction among siblings.
Human Action Recognition Based on Ridgelet Transform and SVM

(cid:3) Abstract — In this paper, a novel algorithm based on Ridgelet Transform and support vector machine is proposed for human action recognition. The Ridgelet transform is a directional multi-resolution transform and it is more suitable for describing the human action by performing its directional information to form spatial features vectors. The dynamic transition between the spatial features is carried out using both the Principal Component Analysis and clustering algorithm K-means. First, the Principal Component Analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the obtained vectors. Then, the k-means algorithm is then used to perform the obtained vectors to form the spatio-temporal pattern, called set-of-labels, according to given periodicity of human action. Finally, a Support Machine classifier is used to discriminate between the different human actions. Different tests are conducted on popular Datasets, such as Weizmann and KTH. The obtained results show that the proposed method provides more significant accuracy rate and it drives more robustness in very challenging situations such as lighting changes, scaling and dynamic environment.
Relative Potency of Eltanolone, Propofol, and Thiopental for Induction of Anesthesia

BackgroundThe primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative potency of eltanolone, a new steroid hypnotic, and propofol and thiopental when used for induction of general anesthesia. In addition, the induction characteristics of propofol and eltanolone were compared. MethodsOne hundred seventy-five patients, premedicated with lorazepam 1 mg orally, randomly received one of six different doses of either eltanolone or propofol. The probability of successful induction (deined as not responsive to verbal commands within 2 min) was related to the logarithm of the dose for each drug by means of logistic regression analysis. Estimates of ED50 and ED95 for each drug were obtained. The incidence of side effects was compared for eltanolone and propofol. The potency of thiopental was determined in a parallel study, using an identical methodology in 105 patients receiving one of seven different doses of the barbiturate. ResultsThe relative potency of eltanolone was 3.2 times (95% confidence interval 2.7–3.8) greater than propofol and 6.0 times (5.3–6.9) greater than thiopental. ED50 and ED95 values for eltanolone were 0.46 (0.40–0.52) and 0.82 (0.68–1.28) mg.kg–1, respectively. Compared to propofol, induction of anesthesia with eltanolone is characterized by a lower incidence of injection pain (3.5% vs. 58%) and apnea (1.2% vs. 11.2%). ConclusionsEltanolone appeared to be an effective induction agent that is 3.2 times more potent than propofol and 6 times more potent than thiopental. Its use was associated with less pain on injection than was propofol.
Validation of three back-calculation models by using multiple oxytetracycline marks formed in the otoliths and scales of bluegill × green sunfish hybrids

We assessed the accuracy of the FraserLee, biological-intercept, and Weisberg back-calculation models to estimate growth from otoliths and scales of laboratory-reared juvenile bluegill × green sunfish hybrids (Lepomis macrochirus × Lepomis cyanellus). Hybrid sunfish were injected three times with oxytetracycline hydrochloride at 90-day intervals to mark bony structures, creating simulated annuli for model validation. Back-calculated lengths (BCLs) with otoliths were generally less accurate than scales for all three models. Errors ranged from 8.2 to 7.8% for the FraserLee model, from 8.0 to 8.3% for the biological-intercept model, and from 6.5 to 14.3% for the Weisberg model. For all three models, there was no significant difference in BCLs using left or right otoliths, and BCLs using the FraserLee and biological-intercept models were not significantly different from each other. In contrast with otoliths, all three models produced accurate BCLs from scales; errors ranged from 4.3 to 0.1%. For juveni.
Physiological weight loss in the breastfed neonate: a systematic review

Background Healthy, full-term, exclusively breastfed infants are expected to lose weight in the first days following birth. There are conflicting opinions about what constitutes a normal neonatal weight loss, and about when interventions such as supplemental feedings should be considered. Objective To establish the reference weight loss for the first 2 weeks following birth by conducting a systematic review of studies reporting birth weights of exclusively breastfed neonates. Methods We searched 5 electronic databases from June 2006 to June 2007: the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; MEDLINE (from 1950); CINAHL (from 1982); EMBASE (from 1980); and Ovid HealthSTAR (from 1999). We included primary research studies with weight loss data for healthy, full-term, exclusively breastfed neonates in the first 2 weeks following birth. Results Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Definitions, types of measurements, and reporting styles varied among studies. In most studies, daily weights were not measured and measurements did not continue for 2 weeks. Mean weight loss ranged from 5.7% to 6.6%, with standard deviations around 2%. Median percentage weight loss ranged from 3.2 to 8.3, with the majority around 6%. The majority of infants in these 11 studies regained their birth weight within the first 2 weeks postpartum. The second and third days following birth appear to be the days of maximum weight loss. Discussion Methods used to report weight loss were inconsistent, using either an average of single lowest weights or a combination of weight losses. The 7% maximum allowable weight loss recommended in 4 clinical practice guidelines appears to be based on mean weight loss and does not account for standard deviation. Further research is needed to understand the causes of neonatal weight loss and its implications for morbidity and mortality.
Availability of vitamin B 6 from different food sources

The present study was conducted to investigate the precaecal digestibility of vitamin B 6 from selected food sources including eggs, bananas, white cabbage, corn, milk powder, fish, barley, soybeans, brown rice, wheat bran, brewer's yeast, rye and soybean meal. These foods were chosen for their relevance in human and animal nutrition and prepared as they are usually eaten by humans. As confirmed by further investigations the precaecal digestibility is a valuable measure for determining the availability of native B-vitamins. Therefore, pigs were fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis for digesta passing straight from ileum to rectum, thus avoiding endogenous vitamin synthesis by the colon. Three weeks after surgery the digestibility experiments were carried out during which the animals were fed various experimental diets for a period of 12 days and digesta were collected quantitatively twice a day during the final 5 days of this period. The concentration of vitamin B 6 in foods and chyme was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Precaecal digestibility of vitamin B 6 from all tested food sources ranged from 51 to 91% in the following order: cabbage diet > banana diet > fish diet > milk powder diet > brewer's yeast diet > soybeans diet > soybean meal diet > egg diet/corn diet > barley diet > wheat bran diet > rye diet. Only boiled brown rice had a very low vitamin B 6 availability of 16%. The digestibility of vitamin B 6 from plant products (excluding the rice) was on average 10% lower when compared with animal products (71 versus 79%).
Self-Management in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel

This clinical report aims to review key self-management and adherence issues in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to provide recommendations for health care providers regarding evidence-based assessment and treatment approaches to promote optimal self-management. Self-management difficulties in the form of nonadherence to treatment regimens are common in pediatric IBD and are influenced by various disease-related, individual, family, and health professional relationship factors. To promote adaptive self-management, health care providers are encouraged to adopt a long-term preventive orientation, which includes routine screening of barriers to self-management and nonadherence in the context of routine clinic appointments. The use of a multimethod approach to assessment that incorporates objective measures (eg, pill counts or bioassays) may be particularly advantageous. Individualized treatment approaches that incorporate evidence-based practices, such as providing written treatment plans and offering opportunities to practice and receive feedback on skills, may help to ameliorate minor self-management concerns; however, more severe or chronic self-management problems may require a referral for behavioral health intervention. Additional research to broaden our understanding of self-management in domains beyond medi
Correlates of depression among caregivers of children affected by HIV/AIDS in Uganda: Findings from the Suubi-Maka Family Study

Abstract This study uses the baseline (wave 1) data from a four-year (2008–2012) longitudinal study called the Suubi-Maka family economic empowerment intervention for AIDS-orphaned children in Uganda funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant # RMH081763A). Specifically, using baseline data from the Suubi-Maka study, this article provides a contextualized understanding of depression levels among caregivers for AIDS-orphaned children in two rural communities heavily affected by AIDS in Uganda: Rakai and Masaka districts. Using baseline data collected from caregivers of children orphaned by AIDS (N=297) the study examines the factors that influence reported depression levels of caregivers of AIDS-orphaned children in rural communities of Uganda. We specifically use ordinary least squares regression methods. In the analysis we control for several demographic factors, including age, gender, assets, social support, and caregiving status. We find that caregivers' reported economic status and social support system are highly correlated with caregivers' reported depression scores. Specifically, caregivers with cash savings and a strong family support system reported better depression scores. These findings have implications for community development practice and programming. Specifically, the study highlights a need for family economic empowerment programs and, strengthened family support among caregivers for AIDS-orphaned children, especially those caregivers with reported poor mental health functioning.
Immune Disorders in Women with Premature Ovarian Failure in Initial Period

PROBLEM: Premature ovarian failure (POF) may be considered as an autoimmune endocrine disease. Autoantibodies and lymphocyte subset changes are associated with premature ovarian failure. Immune cell parameters were studied in relation with anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAB) classes M and G in the initial period of POF. METHODS: Two‐color flow cytometry was used to determine lymphocyte subsets and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect ACAB and hormones in the peripheral blood of 68 POF patients, 32 women with normal menopause (NM) and 13 healthy women as a normal control (NC). RESULTS: Patients in the initial period of POF had decreased levels of CD3+, CD19+, CD3+8+, and CD8+57+ lymphocytes and a high percentage of CD5 positive in CD19+ cell population compared to the control; frequencies of IgM ACAB in POF patients were significantly higher than both IgG ACAB and IgM ACAB in NC; correlation between lymphocyte subsets and hormone levels was absent. Women with early NM showed a low number of CD3+, CD3+4+, and CD3+8+ lymphocytes, a high number of CD3+DR, and elevation of the percentage of CD5 positive in CD19+ lymphocytes compared with the control. The frequencies of both IgM and IgG ACAB were high; the levels of lymphocyte subsets had correlations with progesterone and estradiol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: An increase of autoantibody producing B cells (CD5+19+) and a low number of effector suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+57+) with active production of anticardiolipin autoantibodies class M were found. This suggested a primary autoimmune process in the initial period of POF. Autoimmune defeat of the ovary could be the primary cause of POF, whereas in NM autoimmunity is a result of hormone dysfunction.
Cost Effectiveness of Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Symptomatic Patients

BACKGROUND The most widely used noninvasive test for deep vein thrombosis is Doppler ultrasonographic imaging of the lower extremities. The best evaluated of the noninvasive approaches are ascending contrast venography, impedance plethysmography, Doppler ultrasonography with B-mode imaging. Economic evaluation is aimed at helping decision makers to reach their goal of maximizing the health of the population served, subject to the available resources. METHODS The data that provided the basis for this cost effectiveness analysis were derived from a prospective study of approximately 500 patients referred to a regional thromboembolism program with a first episode of clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. The application of cost effectiveness analysis to the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is readily accomplished using cost minimization. This cost effectiveness technique makes it possible to rank the diagnostic approaches from "worst" to "best", with the best approach defined as that which accomplishes the desired health effect at minimum cost. Effectiveness (health benefit) may be defined in this context as the number or proportion of patients with deep vein thrombosis correctly identified by objective testing or, the number or proportion in whom treatment was correctly withheld. RESULTS Clinical diagnosis is cost ineffective; $1,590,784 Canadian, $2,624,220 US. Outpatient diagnosis using noninvasive testing was the most cost effective. Serial Doppler ultrasonography is more costly ($618,265 Canadian, $1,326,180 US) than serial impedance plethysmography ($527,165 Canadian, $1,052,880 US). Combined Doppler ultrasonography and serial impedance plethysmography offers a less costly strategy ($551,065 Canadian, $1,124,580 US) than serial ultrasonography alone. DISCUSSION Objective testing is mandatory. Outpatient testing is preferred, avoiding unnecessary hospital admissions. Noninvasive testing is the most cost effective. The most widely used test, serial Doppler ultrasonography, is less cost effective than serial impedance plethysmography. The combined approach of initial Doppler ultrasonography followed by serial impedance plethysmography combines the advantage of an initial ultrasound image with less costly serial impedance plethysmography.
Fatal Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are susceptible to infections, especially opportunistic infections. We have described a patient with CLL who had cryptococcal meningitis. Despite lack of previous immunosuppressive treatment history, the patient experienced serious and fatal fungal infection. Physicians should be alert for a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in patient with CLL who developed fever and headache.
Post‐thymic in vivo proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells constrains the TCR repertoire in healthy human adults

In spite of thymic involution early in life, the numbers of naive CD4+ T cells only slowly decline in ageing humans implying peripheral post‐thymic naive CD4+ T cell expansion. This proliferation may compensate for continuous activation and death of naive CD4+ T cells but may also have negative consequences for protective immunity. Here we show that naive CD4+ T cells that have proliferated in the periphery are characterized by a highly restricted oligoclonal TCR repertoire. Additionally these cells, which constitute the majority of naive CD4+ T cells in the elderly, display signatures of recent TCR engagement. Our results demonstrate for the first time that peripheral post‐thymic proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells in healthy human individuals causes a significant contraction of the peripheral TCR repertoire. This age‐dependent deterioration of CD4+ T cell immunity could entail ageing‐associated autoimmunity, increased susceptibility to infection or cancer and decreased efficiency of vaccination.
Relationship Between Pain and CEAP C Categories of Chronic Venous Disease

In this study, we investigated whether the occurrence and intensity of leg pain are related to C class of the clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological (CEAP) classification for chronic venous disease (CVeD). This cross-sectional study, conducted in Serbia, included 2841 patients: 2027 (71.3%) women and 814 (28.7%) men with CVeD diagnosed by general practitioners. For the first time, the Numeric Rating Scale of 0 to 5 units was used to assess the intensity of pain. For the analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regressions were applied. Pain in the legs was reported by 90.5% of the patients. The occurrence of pain significantly (P < .001) increased with increasing C class. Of the patients who reported pain in the legs, 42.0% had moderate pain, 23.7% had moderate to severe pain, 22.8% had light pain, 11.2% had severe pain, and 0.3% had very severe pain. Severity of pain differed significantly (P < .001) according to C class. Light and moderate pain gradually decreased and severe pain gradually increased from C0 to C6 class. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, and family history of CVeD.
Power-Optimized Routing with Bandwidth Guarantee in Multihop Relaying Networks

The problem of joint routing and power allocation optimization is addressed for decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) multihop TDMA wireless networks. A distributed solution is proposed for power-optimized routing with desired end-to-end capacity constraint based on the local instantaneous channel state information measurement at the nodes of the network. The proposed distributed routing algorithm is optimal in DF networks and performs close to optimal in AF networks.