Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new perspective on blame culture: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVES Recently, a range of different institutions worldwide has identified the 'culture of blame' and the fear of being punished as the principal reasons for the lack of medical error reporting and, consequently, of their reiteration and of the poor quality of patient care. Despite much theoretical debate, there currently exist no experimental studies that directly investigate the presence and pervasiveness of the blame and punishment culture in health care contexts. In order to document empirical evidence for this culture in medicine and nursing, we conducted an experimental study asking physicians and nurses to express their fear of blame or punishment in the context of having made an error that would cause: (i) no; (ii) mild; (iii) severe consequences; or (iv) the death of the patient. METHODS Two hundred and forty-nine health care providers (38 physicians, 11 medical students, 127 nurses and 73 nursing students) were included in the study. Two main data emerged: first, in general, the fear of being blamed is higher than the fear of being punished. Second, while the fear of being blamed is equally distributed among all participants, the fear of being punished varies according to the experience of subjects (it is higher in nursing students than in seniors nurses) and to their professional role (student and senior nurses are more susceptible to it than medical students and senior physicians). CONCLUSION Given the relevance of these factors in medical error reporting and the evidence that they are so deep-seated not only in senior professionals, but also in students, we argue that an educational approach, together with an organization-based intervention, is desirable to shape cultural attitudes of health care providers in the direction of a 'safety culture'.
Assessing rate of deforestation and changes of carbon stock on mangroves in Pahang , Malaysia

Mangrove forest play an important role as a substantial coastal carbon sink. It is interesting to note that although plant biomass in the ocean and coastal areas comprises only 0.05% of the total plant biomass on land, it cycles a comparable amount of carbon each year. A recent study revealed that mangroves have higher levels of primary productivity than most other forests. Their standing biomass is considered high as such mangroves are among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. It was reported that a hectare of mangrove forest stores up to four times more carbon (C) than most other tropical forests around the world (Daniel et al. 2011). Daniel et al. (2011) also found that the C storage of dense mangrove has a typical mean of 1,023 t C ha-1, which is exceptionally high compared to the mean C storage values of the world’s major forest domains. Above-ground C pools were sizeable (mean 159 t C ha-1, maximum 435 t C ha1), but below-ground storage in soils dominated, accounting for about 50–98% of total storages. Mangroves can absorb carbon dioxide and store carbon by as much as 40% more than the dry land forest ecosystem. Total carbon deposits per square kilometer in the coastal systems may be up to five times the carbon stored in tropical forests, due to their ability to absorb or sequester carbon at rates up to 50 times those of the same area of tropical forest. CO2 stored in these ecosystems is found not only in the plants, but in layer upon layer of soil underneath (IUCN 2011). Hence, mangroves may have an important role to play in global carbon budgets and in mitigating climate change.
Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase‐L1 (Uch‐L1) correlates with gonadal transformation in the rice field eel

The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is crucial for a variety of biological processes, including spermatogenesis. Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase‐L1 (Uch‐L1) is thought to associate with monoubiquitin to control ubiquitin levels. Here, we report the identification of Uch‐L1 cDNA from the testis of the rice field eel, a natural sex reversal vertebrate, by using cDNA microarray analysis. Uch‐L1 encodes a protein of 220 amino acids that shows high homology to Uch‐L1 of vertebrates, especially fish species. Both mRNA and protein are mainly expressed in testis, ovotestis and ovary, as well as in the brain. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed differential expression of Uch‐L1 in three kinds of gonads. In the ovary, expression of Uch‐L1 was observed mainly in the developing ovary and slightly in the mature ovary. In ovotestis during the intersex stage, Uch‐L1 was expressed in the male gonad epithelium and degraded ovary. In testis, expression was observed in developing germ cells, including spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Furthermore, Uch‐L1 was upregulated during gonadal transformation, especially from the beginning of the intersex stage onwards. Native‐PAGE showed that Uch‐L1 underwent dimerization and oligomerization in gonads, and that the relative level of dimerization/oligomerization decreased during gonadal transformation. Simultaneously, ubiquitin polypeptide expression was upregulated during this process. These results suggest that Uch‐L1, via the ubiquitin–proteasome system, may play an important role not only in gametogenesis, but also in the gonadal transformation process in the rice field eel.
Sense, Reference and Hybridity: Reflections on Kripke's Recent Reading of Frege

In his paper on ‘Frege's Theory of Sense and Reference’ Saul Kripke remarks: “Like the present account, Kunne stresses that for Frege times, persons, etc. can be part of the expression of the thought. However, his reading is certainly not mine in significant respects . ”. On both counts, he is right. As regards the differences between our readings, in some respects I shall confess to having made a mistake, in several others I shall remain stubbornly unmoved. Thus I shall insist on the need for distinguishing Fregean sense from linguistic (lexico-grammatical) meaning, I shall resist Kripke's function-theoretic account of ‘hybrid’ thought-expressions, and I shall deplore his transformation of Gottlob Frege into Gottrand Fressell. As regards this transformation, I shall argue that some of the main points Kripke wants to drive home do not depend on it.
Shelley's Theory of Mind: From Radical Empiricism to Cognitive Romanticism

In unfinished essays written between 1815 and 1821 and culminating in A Defence of Poetry (1821), Shelley articulated a comprehensive account of human cognition, from its foundation in analogical functions such as pattern-recognition and conspecific imitation to its social-symbolic elaborations in shared representation systems supporting ‘theory of mind’ (ToM). Shelley’s account anticipates and helpfully consolidates several converging lines of contemporary cognitive research, particularly those predicting the social and linguistic underpinnings of ToM, and is especially illuminating with respect to the developmental role played by deixis in the transition from indexical to symbolic representations.
Managing work-life boundaries with mobile technologies: An interpretive study of mobile work practices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that mobile technologies play in mobile workers’ efforts to manage the boundaries between work and non-work domains. Previous theories of work-life boundary management frame boundary management strategies as a range between the segmentation and integration of work-life domains, but fail to provide a satisfactory account of technology’s role. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply the concept of affordances, defined as the relationship between users’ abilities and features of mobile technology, in two field studies of a total of 25 mobile workers who used a variety of mobile devices and services. Findings – The results demonstrate that the material features of mobile technologies offer five specific affordances that mobile workers use in managing work-life boundaries: mobility, connectedness, interoperability, identifiability and personalization. These affordances persist in their influence across time, despite their connection to differen.
Splitting methods for non-autonomous linear systems

We present splitting methods for numerically solving a certain class of explicitly time-dependent linear differential equations. Starting from an efficient method for the autonomous case and making use of the formal solution obtained with the Magnus expansion, we show how to get the order conditions for the non-autonomous case. We also build a family of sixth-order integrators whose performance is clearly superior to previous splitting methods on several numerical examples.
Influence of Support Group Intervention on Quality of Life of Malaysian Breast Cancer Survivors

Given that breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer affecting Malaysian women and its low survival rate, this study investigates the possible influence of support group intervention on quality of life (QOL). It also examines the interrelationships between QOL subdomains as research has shown the influence of emotional expression on psychological and physical well-being. Rasch analysis was implemented to examine perception of QOL and the comparability of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General and Breast Cancer scales (FACT-G and FACT-B) of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy inventory. Results indicated that perception of QOL may be influenced by factors other than support group intervention. The FACT-G and FACT-B scales were comparable in the measurement of QOL for breast cancer, and the interrelationships between the QOL subdomains were supported. The findings of this study accentuate the importance of focusing support group interventions on improvement of emotional well-being to maintain patients’ QOL despite the cancer.
Increased expression and altered subunit composition of proteasomes induced by continuous proteasome inhibition establish apoptosis resistance and hyperproliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells

The proteasome is the main protease for extralysosomal protein degradation in eukaryotic cells, and constitutes a sophisticated high molecular mass proteinase complex underlying a tightly coordinated expression and assembly of multiple subunits and subcomplexes. Here we show that continuous inhibition of proteasomal chymotrypsin‐like peptidase activity by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces in human Namalwa Burkitt lymphoma cells increased de novo biogenesis of proteasomes accompanied by increased expression of the proteasome maturation protein POMP, increased expression of 19S‐20S‐19S proteasomes, and abrogation of expression of β1i, β2i and β5i immunosubunits and PA28 in favor of increased expression of constitutive proteolytic β1, β2 and β5 subunits and 19S regulatory complexes. These alterations of proteasome expression and subunit composition are accompanied by an increase in proteasomal caspase‐like, trypsin‐like and chymotrypsin‐like peptidase activities, not inhibitable by high doses of bortezomib. Cells harboring these proteasomal alterations display rapid proliferation and cell cycle progression, and acquire resistance to apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitors, γ‐irradiation and staurosporine. This acquired apoptosis resistance is accompanied by de novo expression of anti‐apoptotic Hsp27 protein and the loss of ability to accumulate and stabilize pro‐apoptotic p53 protein. Thus, increased expression, altered subunit composition and increased activity of proteasomes constitute a hitherto unknown adaptive and autoregulatory feedback mechanism to allow cells to survive the lethal challenge of proteasome inhibition and to establish a hyperproliferative and apoptosis‐resistant phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 270–283, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisability, Reliabilism, and A Priori Knowledge

Proponents of a priori knowledge face two formidable tasks: (i) providing an illuminating characterization of the concept of a priori knowledge; and (z) providing cogent reasons for believing that some of our knowledge is indeed a priori. There have been two general approaches to defending the existence of a priori knowledge. Some begin by providing a general characterization of such knowledge and then show that there are plausible examples of knowledge which satisfy the conditions in the characterization. ' On this approach, the defense of the existence of such knowledge depends on the analysis of the concept of a priori knowledge. The second approach treats these issues independently. In particular, it is argued that certain classes of statements, such as mathematical statements or necessary statements, cannot be known on the basis of experience and, hence, are known a priori without any attempt to offer a general characterization of a priori knowledge. ' Recent critics of the a priori fall into two similar camps. Some attempt to argue against the existence of a priori knowledge without presupposing any particular analysis of the concept. Paul Benacerraf, for example, adopts this approach by raising doubts about the existence of the cognitive faculty of intuition which is often invoked by proponents of the a priori as the source of such knowledge.3 The second prominent line of
Femocratic Feminisms

This chapter compares British and Australian feminist interventions in the state arenas, locating these within feminist theory which has both influenced and derived from these interventions. Australia provides an interesting point of comparison with Britain since feminist theory has developed in rather different directions. Indeed it can be argued that the much more extensive involvement of feminists in the arenas of the state in Australia compared to Britain has made possible recent feminist work on the state which engages with feminisms of difference and poststructuralist debates. The state has been theorized in countless different ways by liberals, Maxists and feminists with shifting concerns, disagreements and common ground. However, building on recent experiences of feminist intervention in the state bureaucracy as well as on the poststructuralist framework of Foucault, Australian feminists have begun to reconceptualize 'the state' in feminist theory. The tendency in much previous writing was to pose the state as a unitary, monolithic and intentional actor, which acts according to a fixed set of interests. Instead Rosemary Pringle and I (1990) have argued that it is more useful to conceptualize the state, not as an institution but as a set of arenas and a collection of practices which are historically produced and not structurally 'given'. This is not to say that there is no intentionality or purpose, but what intentionality there is comes from the success with which various groupings are able to impose themselves and is always likely to be partial and temporary. Whereas previous feminist writings on the state tended to posit a view of coherent interests which exist outside the state and which can either influence the state or are represented by or embodied in it, we suggest that group interests do not pre-exist, fully formed, to be simply 'represented' in the state, but have to be actively forged and, arguably, it is in the domain of the state that
British Association for Psychopharmacology Summer Meeting

The 2006 British Association for Psychopharmacology Summer Meeting was held in Oxford, UK. The British Association for Psychopharmacology is now one of the largest national psychopharmacology associations in the world with over 1000 members, and 550 national and international delegates attended the summer meeting. This meeting provides an annual forum for scientists and clinical investigators from academia and the pharmaceutical industry to share information on many aspects of the psychopharmacology of psychiatric illness. In total, 292 abstracts were accepted for presentation at the meeting. These were divided into 57 oral and 235 poster presentations. Research areas covered all aspects of psychopharmacology from basic research to pharmaceutical development and clinical application. This report highlights selected presentations from the meeting, focusing on rapid tryptophan depletion, which is a dietary manipulation that is used to study central serotonin function and putative animal models of depression and schizophrenia.
The diagnostic value of the thinprep pap test in endometrial carcinoma: A prospective study with histological follow‐up

Case‐control studies have demonstrated that the ThinPrep Pap test may provide improved detection of endometrial carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to prospectively examine the diagnostic potential of the ThinPrep Pap test in the detection of endometrial carcinoma. ThinPrep Pap test slides were collected from high‐risk patient groups. Pap‐stained slides were reviewed and the cytological diagnosis was rendered independently by investigators. Each case was assigned to one of the four diagnostic categories: within normal limit (WNL); atypical glandular cells (AGC); atypical endometrial cells (AEC); or adenocarcinoma, probably endometrial origin. After cytological diagnosis was made, the histological follow‐up diagnosis was obtained through the laboratory information system and the cyto‐histological correlation was analyzed. Of 106 patients identified, 60 had histological follow‐up. For all eight cases interpreted by cytology as positive, endometrial carcinoma was confirmed histologically. Among 25 patients with normal endometrial cells present, histological follow‐up showed benign endometrium. Among 17 cases interpreted cytologically as AEC, 14 cases (82.4%) had benign histological follow‐up and 3 cases (17.6%) had endometrial carcinoma. All 11 cases (100%) classified as AGC had benign histological follow‐up. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting endometrial malignancy were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100%. In this prospective study, we demonstrated that the Thin Prep Pap test had a reasonably high sensitivity and/or specificity in detecting endometrial carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Implementation of the TPM Chip J3210

During these years, computer security is in expeditious progressing. With the serious risk of security, the idea of Trusted Computing was introduced to the Information Technology industry. Trusted Computing has to ensure the computing is on the trusted platforms, so the technology of Trusted Computing Platform (TCP) was developed. In the specification of Trusted Computing Group (TCG), Trusted Platform Module (TPM) can be used to ensure that each computer will report its configuration parameters in a trustworthy manner. The cryptographic operations are all taking place in TPM, such as the measurement of Operation System, the encryption process, and the process of personal identification. These kinds of operations need huge computing power. Besides, these operations have to be done in TPM totally under the consideration of security. It is obviously a TPM chip should offer sufficient computing power to do these kinds of operations; otherwise the performance of trusted computing would descend seriously. In this paper, a high performance TPM chip J3210 based on SPARC v8 is designed and implemented. This high performance TPM chip J3210 consists of a high performance RISC CPU, a RSA/ECC cryptographic acceleration engine, a hash engine, a symmetric cryptographic acceleration engine, a random number generator and some peripheral interfaces. These internal Intellectual Property (IP) cores are elaborately designed and carefully configured. As a result, it demonstrates a high performance of cryptographic operations.
On the effects of heterogeneity on one‐way flow network formation

In this work, the problem of one‐way flow social network formation is studied allowing for a general type of agents' heterogeneity: Agents do not have an a priori opinion on the relative importance of the benefits they conjecture to get from connections with the others. Two different models of network formation are introduced, corresponding to different kinds of disutilities of establishing direct connections. These models are games with vector‐valued payoffs, and “stable” network structures are here characterized by considering the concept of Pareto–Nash equilibrium and its refinements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non-state actors in international climate change negotiations

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have, over the past decades, come to play a central role in international environmental negotiations. While this growing NGO participation has attracted considerable academic interest, scant attention has to date been paid to the strategic decisions of NGOs before and during actual negotiations: When do they decide to become active in international politics? How do they seek to influence decision making, what strategies and activities do they pursue? I see NGOs as rational, resource-constrained actors, and analyse their behaviour in international climate change negotiations in four independent papers, using data from interviews, documents, and a survey I conducted in 2011. In the four papers, summarised in this synthesis paper, I first compare the participation of indigenous peoples organisations (IPOs) in the climate change and biodiversity negotiations to understand when NGOs become active in international negotiations. I then turn to the behaviour of NGOs during the climate summits, and examine what advocacy strategies NGOs pursue, differentiating between an insider and an outsider strategy. Finally, I look more closely at one insider strategy—direct contacts with negotiators—and one outsider strategy—press conferences. With regard to the former, I ask which governments NGOs contact, and why. As regards press conferences, I focus on governments and analyse which type of governments communicate to the public through press briefings, and why. With these papers, the dissertation sheds light on the participation of non-governmental actors in multilateral climate negotiations, relating NGO behaviour to factors at the organisational and institutional levels.
Africa's orphan crisis — is it the teacher's concern?

The fact that almost 15% of children in 11 of the 43 countries in sub-Saharan Africa are orphans is daunting indeed. This reality of large numbers of orphans should be one of sub-Saharan Africa's greatest concerns. It is not only the emotional impact of the pandemic that is at stake, but also the social and economic fabric of entire societies. Up until now, very little attention has been given to the fact that these children must grow towards adulthood without the guidance of their parents. The focus of this study is therefore formulated in the following research question: what do orphans need to reach adulthood, and how can teachers support them in reaching responsible adulthood? In identifying what defines adulthood in a specific context, the researcher has a closer look at the role of cultural value systems. The assumption is made that culture is a broad abstraction that includes a society's forms of knowledge, belief systems, languages, religion and values; these become imperative in guiding children towards adulthood. Deriving from this assumption that culture and context play a vital role in people's understanding of the concept of adulthood, one can assume that this understanding will be different for each particular group. In the absence of parents, the school can be seen as the most important agent (loco parentis) in addressing the needs of vulnerable children. Planning a curriculum that addresses the needs of these vulnerable children will have to be reconsidered. The full impact of the diversity of learners and their communities will have to be accommodated in all planning. As the number of orphans in schools increases, and the role of teachers in guiding these young learners to adulthood becomes more prominent, it is recommended that a thorough investigation be conducted into the importance of individual and community interpretations of 'proper adulthood' within individual communities.