Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forms and Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizers Influence Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of BRRI Dhan49 under Continuous Flooded Condition

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Aman season of 2016 to evaluate the effects of deep placement of N fertilizers in the form of USG and NPK briquettes in comparison with PU on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan49. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.27, organic matter content 1.95% and total N 0.136%. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with eight treatments and three replications. The PU was applied in three equal splits. The USG and NPK briquettes were deep placed at 10 DAT and the briquettes were placed at 8-10 cm depth between four hills at alternate rows. The maximum grain yield of 5981 kg ha-1 was recorded in T3 which was statistically similar with T2 and T6. The highest straw yield of 6381 kg ha-1 was observed in T3. The lowest grain yield (3265 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4280 kg ha-1) was recorded in T3. The deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes enhanced both the recovery of applied N and N use efficiency in comparison with broadcast application of prilled urea. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 53-58 2018
Ramsey Taxation with Capital-Skill Complementarity and Investment-Specific Technological Change

The relative price of capital has been falling over time in the presence of investmentspecific technological change, which leads to an increase in the stock of capital. With capital-skill complementarity, a higher capital stock pushes up the demand for skilled relative to unskilled labor, and thus contributes to the rising wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. This paper qualitatively and quantitatively characterizes the dynamics of Ramsey taxation in response. It is shown that: At a point in time, intertemporal distortions on capital are positive; and (ii) Over time, intertemporal distortions on capital equipment display a decreasing pattern, while intratemporal distortions on labor display an increasing trend though at a diminishing rate. Interestingly, we find that the time path of the U.S. tax structure is close to that of Ramsey taxation. ∗Corresponding author, Yi-Chan Tsai. Email: yichantsai@ntu.edu. tw
Chances of Adverse Neonatal Outcome in High-Risk and Low-Risk Obstetrical Patients

Objective: To analyze and compare occurrence of adverse immediate neonatal outcomes in high and low-risk obstetrical population. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 2370 pregnant women. The odds of adverse outcomes (i.e. low Apgar score (1–4 points) and intermediate Apgar score (5–8 points) at 1 and 5 minutes of life, birth to a small-for-gestational-age neonate (below 90th percentile of birth weight), and requirement for advanced level II-III nursery care) as well as odds of primary cesarean delivery—were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: All of the studied outcomes were seen more often among the high-risk patients. When the outcomes were analyzed within a given group some interesting observations were made. The highest odds of abnormal Apgar scores (when compared to the low risk population) were seen in patients with preeclampsia—6.06 (95% CI 3.28; 11.22) and twin pregnancies—odds ratio of 6.63 (95% CI 2.24; 19.67). Among Small-for-Gestational-Age newborns the most frequently identifi ed maternal condition was preeclampsia (21.57%), out of all fetal conditions twin gestation (26.67%) was number one identifi ed scenario. The highest proportion of patients requiring advanced level nursery care (level II and III) was observed in those with twin gestation, pregnancies complicated by hypertension with and without diabetes. The highest odds of having primary cesarean delivery in laboring patients (when compared to the low risk population) were seen in the patients with IUGR fetus—odds ratio of 26.78 [95% CI 7.65; 93.75], followed by macrosomia—odds ratio 5.74 [95% CI 2.14; 15.41], preeclampsia—odds ratio 5.52 [95% CI 3.14; 9.69]. For additional fi ndings and more information on select conditions, please, refer to the full-text article. Conclusion: The studied outcomes are useful markers of fetal/neonatal status and can be used to compare perinatal outcomes between different medical conditions, different locales and to assess the dynamics of fetal/neonatal well-being over the course of time. Level of Evidence: II Detailed information on the studied adverse neonatal outcomes can be found in the full-text version of this document.
Policy Learning and Elections

We compare performance of politicians under appointment and election in a situation where learning by trial and error can yield better policy outcomes. We model an incumbent who chooses between a “safe” option with a known payoff and a “risky” policy that yields higher or lower payoffs depending on the policymaker’s type. We consider two types of elections: in noncompetitive elections voters learn about the incumbent’s type and compare expected payoffs from retention against dismissal and replacement by another representative agent; in competitive elections, an opponent campaigns on a “safe” or “risky” platform, voters evaluate the type of both incumbent and challenger, and choose between the two alternatives. Politicians prefer holding office but otherwise politicians and voters are symmetric with respect to policy preferences and information. An appointed agent will engage in “risky” policies even when expected first period returns are relatively low. Relative to this efficient benchmark, elected politicians either under invest in the risky option due to a “fear of failure” or over invest by “gambling on success”. Despite this, competitive elections can induce efficiency gains. Moreover, when voters use their votes to simultaneously select high performers and provide incentives, competitive elections are unambiguously superior to appointment. We test our hypothesis in a laboratory experiment that yields support for our findings. For helpful comments we thank Georgy Egorov, Fabrizio Facundo, Francesco Giovonnoni, Stuart Jordan, Ben Lockwood, Leandro de Magalhaes, Ken Shepsle, Jim Snyder, Francesco Squintani, Alexey Zaharov, participants at the Workshop on “Institutions, Individual Behavior and Economic Outcomes” at the University of Sassari, at the Workshop of Sonderforschungsbereich 884 “Political Economy of Reforms” at the University of Mannheim, and audience members at talks given at the Higher School of Economics, Moscow State University, the Department of Economics at Bristol University, the Department of Economics at Warwick University, and at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, Seattle, 2011. 1
Replacing the mouse bioassay for diagnostics and potency testing of botulinum neurotoxins – progress and challenges

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known and the causative agents of the rare but potentially life-threatening disease botulism. The elaborate mode of action of BoNTs at the molecular level, their exquisite specificity for peripheral motor neurons, and their ability to effectively inhibit neurotransmitter release led to the development of BoNTs into highly valued pharmaceutical products. Both diagnostics of botulism and potency testing of pharmaceutical BoNT preparations still employ the mouse bioassay as “gold standard assay”. This animal experiment can pose a heavy burden on the animal, including a fatal outcome of testing. Additionally, several analytical disadvantages have been described. Consequently, the development of animal replacement methods is a long pursued goal which has been focused mainly on replacement methods for pharmaceutical potency testing so far. However, fundamentally different requirements and challenges apply for diagnostics of botulism and potency testing of BoNT pharmaceuticals, which necessitates the development of different assays tailored for each purpose. Here we review the underlying causes for this intricacy which are rooted in both the biological characteristics of the BoNTs as well as assay specific requirements. We review different functional assays that have been developed to replace the mouse bioassay. Despite significant progress in recent years, further substantial work is needed to pave the way for a fully validated replacement for the mouse bioassay for botulism diagnostics.
Antihypertensive and Anti-inflammatory Potential of the Edible Fruit of Artocarpus altilis (Breadfruit)

Objective: Hypertension is a chronic disease which impacts about half of the US population, increasing their risk of death from heart disease and stroke. Although there is no cure hypertension can be controlled with diet and exercise. Nitric oxide and the inflammatory response are thought to play a critical role in the onset and progression of this disease. We herein hypothesize that due to the high phenolic content of breadfruits, the extracts will display anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory as well as antihypertensive activity. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used; the rats were anesthetized with a single injection of thiobutabarbital sodium and a tracheal tube was inserted. Following the surgical procedures, rats were allowed to stabilize for 45 minutes. After this initial stabilization period, a 15-minute baseline was collected, and animals treated with vehicle, angiotensin II or angiotensin II + breadfruit extract. The extracts were administered at a concentration of 0.5, 1, 2, and 2.5 mg/ml and an infusion rate of 1 ml/hr and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded. The anti-inflammatory activities of the whole fruit extract were determined using a LPS-treated macrophage cells model at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/ml. Results: The whole fruit extracts produced significant attenuation (20-30 mmHg) of the angiotensin II mediated hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats and displayed a dosedependent decrease in LPS-induced TNF-α and Il-1β. The whole fruits also caused an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Conclusion: The consumption of breadfruits as a part of a healthy diet may help to prevent the onset and progression of hypertension.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED CFRP BY INJECTION MOLDING METHOD

Energy consumption of the running stage of automobiles can be drastically reduced by lightening their weight by CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics). However, energy consumption of the CFRP manufacturing is so big to cancel the energy saving of the running stage. To reduce energy consumption and cost of CFRP manufacturing, reuse of carbon fiber is the most effective. Then, the objective of this study is to develop CFRTP (carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics) by using waste CFRP, and the target of the mechanical properties of the recycled CFRP is more than those of secondary structural parts of current automobile.
Sustainable Performance of Buildings through Modular Prefabrication in the Construction Phase: A Comparative Study

Prefabrication has been considered an effective alternative to conventional building. It has gained an increasing amount of attention over the last few decades as a way to advance sustainable construction. This study focused on the construction stage to compare sustainable performances of prefabrication with conventional building. Sixteen indicators were extracted from a literature review and specialist interviews to conduct a sustainability evaluation. A survey was delivered to developers, designers, superintendents, manufacturers, and contractors of a Chinese case project. A total of 51 valid responses were collected. Projection pursuit (PP), based on the real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA), was employed to evaluate the sustainability of prefabrication. The results showed that there was a consensus among the participants that prefabrication has more obvious sustainable performances in the construction phase compared with conventional building. However, cognitive differences among the participants regarding the sustainability of prefabrication were also pronounced. The findings presented in this paper may assist the government to propose feasible policies and measures to promote the development of prefabrication in China.
SEED DISPERSAL AND GERMINATION BY THE BROWN HOWLER MONKEY (ALOUATTA GUARIBA CLAMITANS CABRERA, 1940) IN AN AREA OF ATLANTIC FOREST IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

We investigated the role of Alouatta guariba clamitans as a seed dispersal agent at Itapuã State Park, at the southern limit of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. During observations of a group of brown howlers, feces were collected whenever possible. Undamaged seeds were planted in forest soil inside a greenhouse, and control seeds were planted in the same soil. Germination rates of ten species were compared using Chi-square. The germination rates of only three species increased significantly after ingestion by howlers. In particular, 80.0% of the ingested seeds of Syagrus romanzoffiana (the fruit of which represented 25.4% of the group’s diet) germinated, against only 3.3% of the control.
Species Diversity in Colletotrichum Causing Anthracnose of Aromatic and Ornamental Lamiaceae in Italy

Species of Colletotrichum are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of host plants. In Italy, several Colletotrichum species have been reported in glasshouse environments. In this study, we have explored the occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. associated with aromatic and ornamental plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Surveys were carried out during the 2011–2018 period in Liguria and Piedmont, Italy. A total of 19 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from symptomatic leaves and seeds of Ocimum basilicum (basil), Origanum vulgare (oregano) and different Salvia spp. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on the basis of four genomic loci (ITS, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2). The aggressiveness of selected, representative isolates were tested. Colletotrichum isolates were identified as being members of three major species complexes: C. acutatum, C. destructivum, and C. gloeosporioides. Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. bryonicola, and C. fructicola were found in association with leaf lesions on Salvia leucantha, S. nemorosa, and S. greggii, respectively. Colletotrichum nigrum was isolated from twig lesions of S. greggii. Moreover, C. fioriniae and C. ocimi were found to be responsible for causing leaf anthracnose of oregano and basil, respectively. All the tested isolates were pathogenic and reproduced identical symptoms to those observed in commercial glasshouses. The present study improves our understanding of Colletotrichum species associated with several hosts belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which are cultivated extensively throughout Italy for different purpose, and provides information that may be useful for an effective disease management program.
Duration of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Stages in Children Under Four Years of Age at Disease Onset

123 and radiographs of all patients diagnosed with LCPD between 2007 and 2017 at a single pediatric tertiary care institution were reviewed. We included only those patients who were diagnosed with LCPD prior to their fourth birthday, and who had adequate radiographs obtained at initial diagnosis and during the active stages of the disease. Patients were excluded if they were diagnosed with a skeletal dysplasia, Meyer’s dysplasia, had other diagnoses known to cause osteonecrosis (e.g. septic arthritis, sickle cell disease etc.), did not have at least 3 radiographs during the disease course, or were treated surgically as this would affect the natural history of the disease. When a patient had bilateral involvement, only the hip(s) that were diagnosed with LCPD prior to the patient’s fourth birthday were included. The time intervals between radiographs showing features of subsequent stages were calculated in order to determine the length of each stage. Mean and standard deviations, medians, and ranges were used to describe continuous variables. Non-normally distributed data were analyzed using non-parametric MannWhitney U test. The relationships between age at diagnosis, weight, BMI, presence or absence of symptoms at the time of diagnosis, Herring grades, and stage lengths were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test with IBM SPSS statistics 15.0 software (Chicago, IL). Significance was set at two-sided alpha level of p  0.05. In order to relate our findings to those in typical-aged patients, we compared our results with those reported by Joseph et al.
Organization Excellence Journey : Critical Success Factors of Engineering firms in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates

The use of critical success factors has covered many industries during the last decade. The scope of the business may vary, but the importance of improvement towards excellence is a common business objective and the capacity of organizations to implement critical success factors is very important to achieve success in the long run. Therefore, the objectives of this current study is to identify the critical success factors in achieving organizational excellence in the Arabian Gulf Environment through a structured questionnaires. The results of this study are based on 114 participants at different levels and responsibilities in engineering organizations in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. The results of the study provide an insight to engineering business managements in the Gulf region on the critical sauces factors that are appropriate to their needs in order to achieve organizational excellence.
Simple and rapid detection of Salmonella sp. from cattle feces using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Iran

The aim of this study was to employ biochemical and molecular assays to detect and diagnose Salmonella in cattle. For this reason, 1124 fecal samples were collected from cattle in Markazi provinces of Iran. Selective specific culture media for Salmonella were used to grow a number of isolates from the cattle samples. Salmonella bacteria were identified with biochemical test. The antimicrobial susceptibility test with disc diffusion method was performed on samples of Salmonella by using a molecular based approach,and it was possible to identify Salmonella sp by amplifying specific genes ’’16s rRNA’’ as a step for identification. Our studies showed that the molecular-based approach are more rapid for initial detection of Salmonella SP. Key words: Salmonella, cattle, detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 16s rRNA.
INTERNET USE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING IN AN ITALIAN ADULT SAMPLE

Objective: Although in the last years the studies on Internet use are largely increasing, little is still known about its relationship with psychosocial well-being. The present study aims to fill this gap, hypothesizing that Internet use has a negative effect on emotional and psychological well-being and that there are differences between users at risk and users not at risk of IAD. Method: Internet Addiction Test and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form were administered to 172 non-clinical Italian adults. Results: The results of structural equation modeling suggested that Internet use has a significant and negative effect on emotional and psychological well-being, with good fit indices. Furthermore, the results of independent t-tests showed that users at risk have lower scores of emotional and psychological well-being than users not at risk of IAD. Conclusions: For the first time, the present clarify the relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being with important theoretical and clinical implications.
SDC-causing Error Detection Based on Lightweight Vulnerability Prediction

Nowadays the system vulnerability caused by soft errors grows exponentially, of which Silent Data Corruption(SDC) is one of the most harmful issues due to introducing unnoticed changes to the original data and error outputs. Thus, the detection of SDC-causing errors is extremely significant to the system reliability. However, most of the current detecting techniques require sufficient data of fault injections for training, which are difficult to achieve in practice because of high resources consumption, such as expensive execution time and code size costs. To this end, we propose a lightweight model named Deep Forest Regression based Multi-granularity Redundancy(DFRMR) to improve the error detection rate and meanwhile decrease the resources consumption. Specifically, first, we employ the program analysis to extract instruction features which are highly related to SDCs. Second, we design the deep forest regression model to predict the SDC vulnerability of instructions. Third, we optimize the error detection procedure by duplicating the critical instructions with different granularity. Finally, we evaluate our DFRMR model on Mibench benchmarks with multiple testing programs. The results show that our method attains better detection accuracy compared to other state-of-the-art methods and keeps the low multi-granularity redundancy.
Optimisation of Growth Yield and Quality of Strawberry Cultivars through Organic Farming

Adoption of organic farming has been increased which have a reduced impact on environment. An experiment was conducted at the Landscaping section and Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for optimisation of growth, yield and quality of strawberry cultivars through organic farming during the period from October 2017 to March 2018. The experiment comprised two cultivars viz., RU-1 (Festival) and RU-2 (AOG), and eight organic manures viz., control, cowdung, mustard oilcake (MOC), poultry manure, cowdung+MOC, cowdung+poultry manure, MOC+poultry manure, cowdung+MOC+poultry manure. The two-factor experiment was laid out in randomised complete block design with three replications. Significant variation was observed between strawberry cultivars and organic manures in all the parameters studied. Highest growth, yield and quality characters were obtained from Festival except number of runner per plant and TSS content with AOG. Combined application of cowdung+MOC+poultry manure gave the maximum yield (19.14 t/ha) than the other treatments. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 121-129 2018
Arithmetic and temporal transformations of working memory activation in subjects prone to psychosis

ARITHMETIC AND TEMPORAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF WORKING MEMORY ACTIVATION IN SUBJECTS PRONE TO PSYCHOSIS Timuçin Baş M.S. in Neuroscience Advisor: Timothea Toulopoulou September 2018 Working memory (WM) deficit is a well-studied cognitive impairment in psychosis which is stemming from various developmental abnormalities containing neurobiological heterogeneity. Recently, many studies have concluded that the WM impairment is a symptom which manifests itself before the onset of the disorder, but these studies mostly focused on the individuals at clinically high risk. The mild proneness to psychosis which develops during the adolescent period is not well understood and how the working memory is affected due to mild proneness to psychosis has not been elucidated heretofore. In this research, we aimed to examine the association between the mild proneness to psychosis and working memory processing. Thirty-two individuals were split in half as mildly prone to psychosis and not prone to psychosis based on the Structured Interview for Schizotypy (SIS-R). Each participant performed a robust working memory task which consists of computational and temporally varying information loads. The data were collected via a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and analysed by applying a general linear model to detect altered working memory activations due to proneness to psychosis. We have observed that the processes requiring manipulation and rapid updating of the information are associated with a large network of prefrontal cortex and superior parietal lobule. The finding of this study suggests that the mild proneness to psychosis has affected the working memory weakly and that the alterations demonstrated in the prefrontal cortex and parietal lobules may be clinically relevant to psychosis.