Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Stepparents Always Evil? Parental Death, Remarriage, and Child Survival in Demographically Saturated Krummhörn (1720–1859) and Expanding Québec (1670–1750)

Parental death precipitates a cascade of events leading to more or less detrimental exposures, from the sudden and dramatic interruption of parental care to cohabitation with stepparents and siblings in a recomposed family. This article compares the effect of early parental loss on child survival in the past in the Krummhörn region of East Frisia (Germany) and among the French Canadian settlers of the Saint Lawrence Valley (Québec, Canada). The Krummhörn region was characterized by a saturated habitat, while the opportunities for establishing a new family were virtually unlimited for the French Canadian settlers. Early parental loss had quite different consequences in these dissimilar environments. Event history analyses with time-varying specification of family structure are used on a sample of 7,077 boys and 6,906 girls born between 1720 and 1859 in the Krummhörn region and 31,490 boys and 33,109 girls whose parents married between 1670 and 1750 in Québec. Results indicate that in both populations, parental loss is associated with increased infant and child mortality. Maternal loss has a universal and consistent effect for both sexes, while the impact of paternal loss is less easy to establish and interpret. On the other hand, the effect of the remarriage of the surviving spouse is population-specific: the mother's remarriage has no effect in Krummhörn, while it is beneficial in Québec. In contrast, the father's remarriage in Krummhörn dramatically reduces the survival chances of the children born from his former marriage, while such an effect is not seen for Québec. These population-specific effects appear to be driven by the availability of resources and call into question the universality of the “Cinderella” effect.
Recurrence‐free and overall survival among elderly stage III colon cancer patients treated with CAPOX or capecitabine monotherapy

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CAPOX and capecitabine on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among elderly stage III colon cancer patients and to evaluate the effect of (non‐)completion. Patients aged ≥70 years who underwent resection only or who were subsequently treated with CAPOX or capecitabine in 10 large non‐academic hospitals were included. RFS and OS were analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression adjusted for patient and tumor characteristics. 982 patients were included: 630 underwent surgery only, 191 received CAPOX and 161 received capecitabine. Five‐year RFS and OS did not differ between capecitabine and CAPOX (RFS: 63% vs. 60% (p = 0.91), adjusted HR = 0.99 (95%CI 0.68‐1.44); OS: 66% vs. 66% (p = 0.76), adjusted HR = 0.93 (95%CI 0.64–1.34)). After resection only, RFS was 38% and OS 37%. Completion rates were 48% for CAPOX and 68% for capecitabine. Three‐year RFS and OS did not differ between patients who discontinued CAPOX early and patients who completed treatment with CAPOX (RFS: 61% vs. 69% (p = 0.21), adjusted HR = 1.42 (95%CI 0.85–2.37); OS: 68% vs. 78% (p = 0.41), adjusted HR = 1.17 (95%CI 0.70–1.97)). Three‐year RFS and OS differed between patients who discontinued capecitabine early and patients who completed treatment with capecitabine (RFS: 54% vs. 72% (p = 0.01), adjusted HR = 2.07 (95%CI 1.11–3.84); OS: 65% vs. 80% (p = 0.01), adjusted HR = 2.00 (95%CI 1.12–3.59)). Receipt of CAPOX or capecitabine is associated with improved RFS and OS. The advantage does not differ by regimen. The addition of oxaliplatin might not be justified in elderly stage III colon cancer patients.
Impact of Authentic Learning Exercises on Preservice Teachers' Self-Efficacy to Perform Bullying Prevention Tasks

Background Teachers and preservice teachers may neglect intervening into and/or leading efforts to prevent bullying because they the lack confidence to do so. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of authentic learning exercises on health education preservice teachers' self-efficacy to perform bullying prevention activities. A corollary purpose was to identify the ease and practicality of using the professional preparation standards as an instructional framework. Methods Preservice teachers (n = 60) completed a pre/postassessment that measured self-efficacy to perform bullying prevention tasks aligned with 5 professional preparation standards. The intervention was authentic learning exercises aligned with the standards and administered during a professional preparation course. Discussion Participants' self-efficacy to perform bullying prevention activities aligned with the standards increased significantly. Effect sizes varied, thus warranting additional research. As an instructional framework, it was easy to use the standards as a practical means to design authentic learning exercises. Translation to Health Education Practice When seeking to increase preservice teachers' efficacy to perform bullying prevention activities, authentic learning exercises aligned with professional preparation standards might be an effective means to do so. Such exercises might also improve self-efficacy to perform tasks in other health content areas.
Autologous Versus Allogeneic Cell-Based Vaccines?

Devitalized tumor cells either autologous or allogeneic have been used as anti-cancer vaccines with the purpose of facilitating the induction of an immune response able to destroy growing tumor cells since the identification of tumor antigens was deemed not to be necessary, particularly in the autologous system. Such vaccines were tested first in animal models and then in the clinics as unmodified tumor cells or after insertion of genes coding for factors known to increase the immune response against tumors. These vaccines were usually given by subcutaneous injections along with different immunological adjuvants. Such immunization approaches were found to be effective in mice when carried out in a tumor preventive setting but significantly less in the therapeutic context, that is, in the presence of an established tumor. By analyzing several clinical trials of vaccination using either autologous or allogeneic unmodified and gene-modified tumor cells published in the last 10 to 15 years, we conclude for a lack of sufficient evidence for efficacy of this strategy in inducing both a strong immune response and a therapeutic response. A potential variant of this strategy is the direct intratumoral injection of immunostimulatory genes delivered by vectors in vivo. But even this approach failed to provide a statistically significant clinical benefit for the cancer patients.We also point out the inherent drawbacks of the tumor cell-based vaccine strategy that include (a) a limited frequency by which human tumor lines can be obtained from clinical samples, (b) the low number of available cells for vaccination, (c) the release of immune-suppressive factors by tumor cells, and (d) the cost and time necessary for standardization and collecting/expanding a number of cells according to the approved regulatory requirements. Thus, taking into consideration the new developments in cancer vaccines, we believe that tumor cell-based vaccines should be dismissed as anti-cancer vaccines unless a clear benefit could be demonstrated by the few ongoing trials of combination with new immunomodulating reagents (eg, anti-CTLA4, PD-1, chemotherapy).
Effect of diselenide administration in thioacetamide-induced acute neurological and hepatic failure in mice

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of severe acute hepatic failure and has been associated with high short-term mortality rates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) and its analogues in protecting against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute neurological and hepatic failure in mice. The animals received a TAA dose of 200 mg kg−1 intraperitoneally, and then, 1 hour later, they received 15.6 mg kg−1 of diselenides intraperitoneally. Twenty three hours after diselenide administration, the animals were sacrificed, and blood, brain and liver samples were collected for analysis. The results showed that mice exposed to TAA presented oxidative stress characteristics, such as an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity and a decrease in the GSH/GSSH ratio in the brain and liver. In addition, the TAA group showed a decrease in cellular viability in both tissues. TAA treatments also generate reactive oxygen species and cause inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase in liver, which were associated with TAA exacerbated half-life in this tissue. In the histopathological analyses, we observed that TAA induced a large inflammation process that was confirmed according to the elevation of liver myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, the treatment with diselenides reduced the oxidative stress significantly. Additionally, after the establishment of acute hepatic failure (AHF), DPDS was able to inhibit the inflammatory processes with a more significant decrease in major hepatic damage effects than was presented after treatment with its analogues. Thus, our results showed that DPDS is a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of AHF and hepatic encephalopathy as mice returned to normal conditions after the damage.
Retrospectiva das dermatofitoses em cães e gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, nos anos de 2006 a 2008

The aim of this study was to characterize the canine and feline population with dermatophytosis, taken to the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - HOVET/UFMT, during a period of 36 months. This skin disease that affects domestic animals is a fungal infection involving the superficial layers of the skin, hair and nails. 279 cases of dermatophytosis were treated, 96.8% in dogs and 3.2% in cats, with a total of 7.1% of the number of 3096 cases assisted in these three years. The predominant etiologic agent was Microsporum canis. The pure breddogs were most affected, especially the American Pit Bull Terrier (21.7%). The cats with and without racial definition were dermatophytosis, cannot be a reliable statistical analysis. It was observed that the majority of animals infected were 1-3 years old. The lesions observed were: alopecia, dandruff and crusts and were located in the cephalic region, trunk, and limbs. There was no seasonal distribution was observed.
Adult body size, sexual history and adolescent sexual development, may predict risk of developing prostate cancer: Results from the New South Wales Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk Study (CLEAR)

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non‐cutaneous cancer in men worldwide. The relationships between PC and possible risk factors for PC cases (n = 1,181) and male controls (n = 875) from the New South Wales (NSW) Cancer, Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk Study (CLEAR) were examined in this study. The associations between PC risk and paternal history of PC, body mass index (BMI), medical conditions, sexual behaviour, balding pattern and puberty, after adjusting for age, income, region of birth, place of residence, and PSA testing, were examined. Adjusted risk of PC was higher for men with a paternal history of PC (OR = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.70–3.14), personal history of prostatitis (OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.44–3.70), benign prostatic hyperplasia (OR = 2.29; 95%CI: 1.79–2.93), being overweight (vs. normal; OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 0.99–1.55) or obese (vs. normal; OR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.09–1.89), having reported more than seven sexual partners in a lifetime (vs. < 3 partners; OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.49–2.68), and having reported more than 5 orgasms a month prior to PC diagnosis (vs. ≤3 orgasms; OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.18–2.15). PC risk was lower for men whose timing of puberty was later than their peers (vs. same as peers; OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.59–0.97), and a smaller risk reduction of was observed in men whose timing of puberty was earlier than their peers (vs. same as peers; OR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.61–1.17). No associations were found between PC risk and vertex balding, erectile function, acne, circumcision, vasectomy, asthma or diabetes. These results support a role for adult body size, sexual activity, and adolescent sexual development in PC development.
A minicircuitry of microRNA‐9‐1 and RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 contributes to leukemogenesis in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia

MicroRNA‐9‐1(miR‐9‐1) plays an important role in the mechanism that regulates the lineage fate of differentiating hematopoietic cells. Recent studies have shown that miR‐9‐1 is downregulated in t (8; 21) AML. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying miR‐9‐1 downregulation and the RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 fusion protein, generated from the translocation of t (8; 21) in AML, remain unclear. RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 can induce leukemogenesis through resides in and functions as a stable RUNX1‐RUNX1T1‐containing transcription factor complex. In this study, we demonstrate that miR‐9‐1 expression increases significantly after the treatment of RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 (+) AML cell lines with decitabine (a DNMT inhibitor) and trichostatin A (an HDAC inhibitor). In addition, we show that RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 triggers the heterochromatic silencing of miR‐9‐1 by binding to RUNX1‐binding sites in the promoter region of miR‐9‐1 and recruiting chromatin‐remodeling enzymes, DNMTs, and HDACs, contributing to hypermethylation of miR‐9‐1 in t (8; 21) AML. Furthermore, because RUNX1, RUNX1T1, and RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 are all regulated by miR‐9‐1, the silencing of miR‐9‐1 enhances the oncogenic activity of these genes. Besides, overexpression of miR‐9‐1 induces differentiation and inhibits proliferation in t (8; 21) AML cell lines. In conclusion, our results indicate a feedback circuitry involving miR‐9‐1 and RUNX1‐RUNX1T1, contributing to leukemogenesis in RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 (+) AML cell lines.
Influence of Stress on Gastric Emptying Depends on the Nature of Meals, Stressors, and Animal Species

This work evaluated the effects of 20‐minute exposures to acoustic stress, cold (10°C), or immobilization on gastric emptying of test meals containing 51Cr sodium chromate in rats and mice. Four diets were studied: one consisting of reconstituted cow's milk (diet A), a synthetic diet containing arabic gum, glucose, and casein (diet B), diet B with arachis oil (diet C), and a nonnutritive diet containing methylcellulose and saline (diet D). Test‐meal volumes were 0.5 ml in mice and 3 ml in rats. Gastric emptying, expressed as percentage of meal emptied, was measured 30 minutes after gavage with the test meal. Acoustic stress and cold, applied after gavage, increased (p > .05) the rate of gastric emptying of diet A by 46.8% and 70.7%, respectively, in mice and by 13.4% and 22.0% in rats. Immobilization did not affect (p > .05) the gastric emptying of diet A in either species. Cold significantly increased (p ≤ .05) the emptying rate of diets C and D in mice but not in rats. Gastric emptying of diet D was unaffected by the three stressors in mice but was increased (45.7%) by cold in rats. This study shows that the effects of stress on gastric emptying of a nutritive meal depend mainly on the type of stressor. Of the three tested, cold was the most powerful. These results also support the conclusion that stressor, diet, and species are all important in gastric emptying.
Microbial signatures in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome – toward patient stratification for improved diagnostics and treatment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder estimated to affect over 10% of the Western population. A subset of the patients reports the start of the disease after an episode of gastroenteritis. The alterations in the intestinal microbiota of the post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) patients were recently investigated in a British cohort and shown to differentiate from the healthy controls and resemble that of diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients. The altered 27 genus-like groups created a microbial signature, which could be used to objectively stratify patients and healthy controls. In this addendum, we combine the microbiota data derived from the British cohort with that of a recently reported Swedish PI-IBS cohort. Remarkably, robust and reproducible microbiota signatures were observed in these PI-IBS patients. We discuss these results with attention on the emerging role of microbiota in the classification, development and treatment of PI-IBS.
Cost benefit and clinical efficacy of low‐dose granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor after standard chemotherapy in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

High costs of molecule‐targeted drugs, such as rituximab, ibritumomab, and tositumomab have given rise to an economical issue for treating patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors (G‐CSFs), which are also expensive, are widely used for treating neutropenia after chemotherapy. In Japan, lenograstim at 2 μg/kg (about 100 μg/body) or filgrastim at 50 μg/m2 (about 75 μg/body) is commonly administered for patients with NHL after chemotherapy. Therefore, cost‐effectiveness is an important issue in treatment for NHL. Patients with advanced‐stage NHL who needed chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or a CHOP‐like regimen with or without rituximab were enrolled in this randomized cross‐over trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of low‐dose G‐CSF. Half of the patients were administered 75 μg filgrastim in the first course after neutropenia and 50 μg lenograstim in the second course, and the other half were crossed over. Forty‐seven patients were enrolled in this cross‐over trial, and 24 patients completed the trial. Frequencies and durations of grade 4 leukocytopenia and neutropenia were similar in the two groups. Severe infection was rare and was observed at similar frequency. Frequencies of antibiotics use were also similar. The total cost of G‐CSF (cost/drug × duration of administration) was significantly lower in patients who received 50 μg lenograstim. Hence, a low dose of lenograstim might be safe, effective and pharmaco‐economically beneficial in patients with advanced‐stage NHL.
Risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma penetrates across immigrant generations: A migrant cohort study of 2.3 million Jewish Israeli adolescents

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) incidence varies widely across geographic regions and ethnic groups. We conducted a large‐scale migrant cohort study to assess origin and migrant generation as predictors of NPC, controlling for possible confounders. Data on 2.3 million Jewish Israeli adolescents, who underwent a compulsory general health examination at ages 16–19 between the years 1967 and 2011 were linked to the Israel National Cancer Registry to obtain incident NPC up to 2012. Cox proportional hazards were used to model time to event. During 46.5 million person‐years of follow‐up, 276 incident cases were identified. Origin was a strong independent predictor of NPC with high rates for first generation North African born (adjusted HR 5.52; 95% CI 2.43–12.52; p < 0.000044) and Asian born (adjusted HR 3.79; 95% CI 1.43–10.00; p = 0.007) compared to European‐born, adjusted for sex, year of birth, residential socio‐economic position, years of education, rural residence, body mass index and height. The magnitude of the associations was similar in the Israeli‐born of North African and Asian origin, with these second and third generation immigrants showing elevated HRs (adjusted HR 6.09; 95% CI 2.81–13.20; p = 4.72.10−6 and 3.86; 95% CI 1.77–8.41; p = 0.00067, respectively). These findings suggest a strong genetic predisposition and/or efficient cultural transmission of environmental exposures in the etiology of NPC.
Antibiotic-treated versus germ-free rodents for microbiota transplantation studies

ABSTRACT We recently investigated the applicability of antibiotic-treated recipient mice for transfer of different gut microbiota profiles. With this addendum we elaborate on perspectives and limitations of using antibiotics as an alternative to germ-free (GF) technology in microbial transplantation studies, and we speculate on the housing effect. It is possible to transfer host phenotypes via fecal transplantation to antibiotic-treated animals, but problems with reproducibility, baseline values, and antibiotic resistance genes should be considered. GF animals maintained in isolators still seem to be the best controlled models for long-term microbial transplantation, but antibiotic-treated recipients are also commonly utilized. We identify a need for systematic experiments investigating the stability of microbial transplantations by addressing 1) the recipient status as either GF, antibiotic-treated or specific pathogen free and 2) different levels of protected housing systems. In addition, the developmental effect of microbes on host physiological functions should be evaluated in the different scenarios.
Targeting colorectal cancer-associated bacteria: A new area of research for personalized treatments

ABSTRACT Most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are sporadic, and numerous studies have suggested that gut microbiota may play a crucial role in CRC development. Escherichia coli is a member of the gut microbiota frequently associated with colorectal tumors. CRC-associated E. coli strains frequently harbor the pks genomic island. This genomic island is responsible for the synthesis of colibactin genotoxin, which increases tumor numbers in CRC mouse models. We recently showed that targeting ClbP, a key enzyme involved in colibactin synthesis, blocks the deleterious effect of this toxin in vitro and leads to a significant decrease in tumor numbers in vivo. Altogether, our results suggest that the personalized treatment of CRC should also take into consideration the bacteria associated with the tumor in order to limit their deleterious effects.
Platelet count evaluation using three automated haematology analysers compared with the immunoplatelet reference method, and estimation of possible inadequate platelet transfusion

The accuracy of three automated haematology analysers [Sysmex XE‐2100 (both optical and impedance mode), Bayer Advia 120, and Beckman Coulter LH‐750] was compared with the immunoplatelet reference method for platelet measurement. A total of 165 blood specimens were obtained from patients and platelet counts were determined using the four‐automated haematology analyser methods and the immunoplatelet reference method. The coefficients of determination (R2) between the automated haematology analyser methods and the immunoplatelet reference method for the overall platelet range were >0.98. A bias study, however, showed some disagreement. The use of a coincidence correction calculation for the immunoplatelet method did not improve the correlation between the immunoplatelet method and the automated haematology analyser methods. To estimate the possibility of inadequate platelet transfusion, the number of prophylactic platelet transfusion indications determined by the automated haematology analyser platelet counts were compared with the number of transfusion indications according to the platelet counts determined by the immunoplatelet method. An additional 48 blood specimens were included in this analysis. All of the automated haematology analysers showed some disagreement in the transfusion indications when compared with the immunoplatelet method, suggesting the possibility of inadequate platelet transfusion.