Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer following ovarian cancer in BRCA mutation carriers.

IMPORTANCE BRCA mutation carriers are at increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, the incidence of breast cancer after a diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), one of the tubal/peritoneal cancers collectively referred to as pelvic serous carcinomas, is not well known. Optimal breast cancer surveillance and detection for these patients have also not been well characterized. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of breast cancer after a diagnosis of EOC and to evaluate the need for breast cancer surveillance for these patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective database review of 364 patients who underwent BRCA mutation testing for EOC (stages I-IV) between 1998 and 2012 at an academic medical center with gynecologic and breast cancer centers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence of breast cancer and methods of surveillance. RESULTS Of 364 patients, 135 (37.1%) were found to carry a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. The mean age of patients at diagnosis of EOC was 49.5 years (range, 28-89 years). Of the 135 patients, 12 (8.9%) developed breast cancer. The median time from diagnosis of EOC to diagnosis of breast cancer was 50.5 months. Annual mammography was performed for 80 patients (59.3%), with annual magnetic resonance imaging of the breasts performed for 60 patients (44.4%). Thirteen patients (9.6%) underwent a bilateral prophylactic mastectomy at a median of 23 months following EOC diagnosis. Breast cancer was most commonly diagnosed by mammography for 7 of the 12 patients (58.3%), 3 (25.0%) of whom had a palpable mass and 2 (16.7%) of whom had incidental breast cancer detected during a prophylactic mastectomy. Seven patients with breast cancer (58.3%) underwent a bilateral mastectomy. All patients had early-stage breast cancer (stages 0-II). Four patients (33.3%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 4 of the 12 patients (33.3%) died of recurrent EOC after a diagnosis of breast cancer. The overall 10-year survival rate for the entire cohort of 135 patients was 17.0%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The risk of metachronous breast cancer is low in patients with known BRCA mutations and EOC. A majority of these cases of breast cancer at an early stage are detected by use of mammography. Despite the small number of patients in our study, these results suggest that optimal breast cancer surveillance for patients with BRCA-associated EOC needs to be reevaluated given the low incidence of breast cancer among these high-risk patients. Confirmation of our findings from larger studies seems to be indicated.
Involvements of the ABC protein ABCF2 and α‐actinin‐4 in regulation of cell volume and anion channels in human epithelial cells

After osmotic swelling, cell volume is regulated by a process called regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Although actin cytoskeletons are known to play a regulatory role in RVD, it is not clear how actin‐binding proteins are involved in the RVD process. In the present study, an involvement of an actin‐binding protein, α‐actinin‐4 (ACTN4), in RVD was examined in human epithelial HEK293T cells. Overexpression of ACTN4 significantly facilitated RVD, whereas siRNA‐mediated downregulation of endogenous ACTN4 suppressed RVD. When the cells were subjected to hypotonic stress, the content of ACTN4 increased in a 100,000 × g pellet, which was sensitive to cytochalasin D pretreatment. Protein overlay assays revealed that ABCF2, a cytosolic member of the ABC transporter superfamily, is a binding partner of ACTN4. The ACTN4‐ABCF2 interaction was markedly enhanced by hypotonic stimulation and required the NH2‐terminal region of ABCF2. Overexpression of ABCF2 suppressed RVD, whereas downregulation of ABCF2 facilitated RVD. We then tested whether ABCF2 has a suppressive effect on the activity of volume‐sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (VSOR), which is known to mediate Cl− efflux involved in RVD, because another ABC transporter member, CFTR, was shown to suppress VSOR activity. Whole‐cell VSOR currents were largely reduced by overexpression of ABCF2 and markedly enhanced by siRNA‐mediated depletion of ABCF2. Thus, the present study indicates that ACTN4 acts as an enhancer of RVD, whereas ABCF2 acts as a suppressor of VSOR and RVD, and suggests that a swelling‐induced interaction between ACTN4 and ABCF2 prevents ABCF2 from suppressing VSOR activity in the human epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3498–3510, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a marker of oxidative stress induced genetic toxicity in oral cancer patients.

CONTEXT Recently, non-communicable diseases have snatched the lead from infectious diseases in causing mortality. Of these, oral cancer accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Every year in India significant percentage of newly diagnosed malignancy is oral cancer attributed to various reasons. AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the extent of oxidative stress and its effect on modification of DNA by urinary nucleoside 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in oral cancer subjects. To see the relationship between the nucleoside 8-OHdG and antioxidant capacity ferric reducing ability plasma (FRAP) in oral cancer subjects. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Case-control study included three groups with 60 volunteers, who were divided into 30 controls, and equal number of clinically diagnosed oral cancer male patients: (Subdivided into newly diagnosed [n = 15] and 1-year treatment follow-up oral cancer subjects [n = 15]). MATERIALS AND METHODS A random urine sample was used for analysis of 8-OHdG concentration. Serum triglycerides, lipid peroxidation, protein thiols, and FRAP assay were performed by spectrophotometric technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed for group comparison and Pearson's correlation analysis were used. A P < 0.05 was considered the optimum level of significance. RESULTS The urinary 8-OHdG and serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly elevated in newly diagnosed oral cancer subjects in their 1-year treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between urinary 8-OHdG and FRAP in both groups of oral cancer subjects. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 8-OHdG can be a useful diagnostic marker of oxidative DNA damage in oral cancer subjects.
Sulphated tyrosines mediate association of chemokines and Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein with the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC)

Plasmodium vivax is one of four Plasmodium species that cause human malaria. P. vivax and a related simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, invade erythrocytes by binding the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) through their respective Duffy binding proteins. Here we show that tyrosines 30 and 41 of DARC are modified by addition of sulphate groups, and that the sulphated tyrosine 41 is essential for association of the Duffy binding proteins of P. vivax (PvDBP) and P. knowlesi (PkDaBP) with DARC‐expressing cells. These sulphated tyrosines also participate in the association of DARC with each of its four known chemokine ligands. Alteration of tyrosine 41 to phenylalanine interferes with MCP‐1, RANTES and MGSA association with DARC, but not with that of IL8. In contrast, alteration of tyrosine 30 to phenylalanine interferes with the association of IL8 with DARC. A soluble sulphated amino‐terminal domain of DARC, but not one modified to phenylalanine at residue 41, can be used to block the association of PvDBP and PkDaBP with red blood cells, with an IC50 of approximately 5 nM. These data are consistent with a role for tyrosine sulphation in the association of many or most chemokines with their receptors, and identify a key molecular determinant of erythrocyte invasion by P. vivax.
Effects of directional exercise on lingual strength.

PURPOSE To examine the application of known muscle training principles to tongue strengthening exercises and to answer the following research questions: (a) Did lingual strength increase following 9 weeks of training? (b) Did training conducted using an exercise moving the tongue in one direction result in strength changes for tongue movements in other directions? (c) Were differential training effects observed for participants completing exercises sequentially (in isolation) versus concurrently (several exercises in combination)? (d) Were strength gains maintained after exercise was discontinued? Methods Participants were 39 healthy adults assigned to sequential or concurrent lingual strength training. Lingual exercise (elevation, protrusion, and/or lateralization) was conducted for 9 weeks, with lingual strength and cheek strength (control variable) assessed weekly. RESULTS All lingual strength measures increased with training, but cheek strength remained unchanged. Training effects were not related to training condition (sequential vs. concurrent), nor were specificity effects observed for direction of exercise. Significant decreases in lingual strength were noted 2-4 weeks after exercise was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS The findings replicate those of earlier studies demonstrating that lingual strength may be increased with a variety of exercise protocols and confirm that detraining effects may be observed when training is discontinued. The findings further suggest that the lingual musculature may demonstrate less dramatic training specificity than what has been reported for skeletal muscles.
Effect of chronic hypoxia on breathing and EMGs of respiratory muscles in awake ponies.

Breathing, diaphragmatic and transversus abdominis electromyograms (EMGdi and EMGta, respectively), and arterial blood gases were studied during normoxia (arterial PO2 = 95 Torr) and 48 h of hypoxia (arterial PO2 = 40-50 Torr) in intact (n = 11) and carotid body-denervated (CBD, n = 9) awake ponies. In intact ponies, arterial PCO2 was 7, 5, 9, and 11 Torr below control (P less than 0.01) at 1 and 10 min and 5 and 24-48 h of hypoxia, respectively. In CBD ponies, arterial PCO2 was 3-4 Torr below control (P less than 0.01) at 4, 5, 6, and 24 h of hypoxia. In intact ponies, pulmonary ventilation, mean inspiratory flow rate, and rate of rise of EMGdi and EMGta changed in a multi-phasic fashion during hypoxia; each reached a maximum during the 1st h (P less than 0.05), declined between 1 and 5 h (P less than 0.05), and increased between 5 and 24-48 h of hypoxia. As a result of the increased drive to the diaphragm, the mean EMGdi was above control throughout hypoxia (P less than 0.05). In contrast, as a result of a sustained reduction in duration of the EMGta, the mean EMGta was below control for most of the hypoxic period. In CBD ponies, pulmonary ventilation and mean inspiratory flow rate did not change during chronic hypoxia (P greater than 0.10). In these ponies, the rate of rise of the EMGdi was less than control (P less than 0.05) for most of the hypoxic period, which resulted in the mean EMGdi to also be less than control (P less than 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dielectric properties of breast carcinoma and the surrounding tissues

Relative permittivity of infiltrating breast carcinoma and the surrounding tissue was measured. The experiments were performed at frequencies from 20 kHz to 100 MHz at 37 degrees C using an automatic network analyzer and an end-of-the-line capacitive sensor. Cole-Cole dielectric parameters were calculated by curve fitting using a computer program. Three main categories of tissues were considered: the central part of the tumor, the tumor surrounding tissue, and the peripheral tissue. Within each category, the large spread of the dielectric data for different specimens suggests structural and cellular inhomogeneities of the tumor tissue. However, certain consistency has been found in the dielectric relaxation time and the coefficient of the distribution of the relaxation time within each category. The results seem to indicate that RF impedance imaging can potentially be used as a diagnostic modality for the detection of human breast carcinoma. <<ETX>>
A parametric modeling study on distributed MEMS transmission lines

This paper presents a parametric study of a new model for the distributed MEMS transmission tine @MTL) structures. In this new model, the MEMS bridges which are used as the loading elements of the DMTL structures are represented as low-impedance transmission lines, rather than a lumped CLR circuit. The model also includes LC networks at the transition points from the MEMS bridges to the unloaded parts of the DMTL which are simply high-impedance transmission tines. These LC networks are employed to model the efiects of the impedance discontinuities. The accuracy of the model is versed with simulations and measurements on different types of DMTLs that are fabricated with an RF MEMS process based on electroforming on a glass substrate. The fabricated structures include DMTLs with various MEMS bridge heights (2, 3, 4, and 5 μm) and center conductor widths (74, 96, and 122 pm). The variations of the model parameters with respect to the bridge height and center conductor width are obtained with EM simulations. The measurement results of the fabricated devices at a bridge height of 5 pm are in good agreement with the model.
Clinical and social factors that affect the time to diagnosis of Mexican children with cancer.

BACKGROUND There are few studies on the factors that influence the time to diagnosis (TD) in childhood cancer. The object of the present study was to determine the influence of some clinical and social factors associated to TD in children with cancer seen at Mexico City (MC) hospitals. PROCEDURE A retrospective study was performed. A total of 4,940 clinical records of children with cancer were reviewed. Cases of cancer were grouped, according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The median (med) TD was calculated for each group (type) of cancer. The association between delayed TD (longer than 1 month) and type, age at diagnosis, parental educational level, medical institution, and place of residence was analyzed, for which the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained. RESULTS Leukemias had the shortest TD (med = 1 month), while Hodgkin disease (HD) and retinoblastoma had the longest TD (med = 5 months). The highest risk for delayed TD was in children with HD (OR = 7.0; 95% CI 5.3-9.3), in the 10-14 age group (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.3), with low maternal educational level (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-2.1), in the population with no access to social security (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.4), and whose place of residence is far from MC (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-2.1). CONCLUSIONS In Mexican children with cancer, age at diagnosis, and societal characteristics are important factors affecting timely diagnosis.
Indium-111-capromab pendetide radioimmunoscintigraphy and prognosis for durable biochemical response to salvage radiation therapy in men after failed prostatectomy.

PURPOSE We evaluated the prognostic significance of indium-111 (111In)-capromab pendetide imaging for patients with prostate cancer who underwent salvage radiotherapy (RT) for recurrent disease after prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Records were reviewed for all men who underwent 111In-capromab pendetide imaging at a single institution from February 1997 through December 1999. We identified 30 eligible men who were radiographically negative for metastatic disease, who had increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after primary radical prostatectomy, and who received salvage RT. Clinical interpretations of indium monoclonal antibody (In-mab) scan results were compared with postsalvage RT PSA response. RESULTS Using an American Society of Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology definition of PSA failure, in men with a positive scan in at least one location (n = 14), the cumulative 2-year PSA control after salvage RT was 0.38 +/- 0.13 (+/- SE) compared with 0.31 +/- 0.13 for men with a normal antibody scan in and outside the prostate fossa (n = 15; proportional hazard ratio [PHR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 3.36). For men with a positive antibody scan limited to the prostate fossa (n = 9), PSA control at 2 years was 0.13 +/- 0.12 (PHR 1.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 4.85). The 2-year probability of PSA control after salvage RT for men with positive scan results outside the prostate bed irrespective of In-mab findings in the prostate fossa (n = 5) was 0.60 +/- 0.22 (PHR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.17 to 3.78). CONCLUSION In contrast to previous reports, for patients with postprostatectomy biochemical relapse who received salvage RT, presalvage RT In-mab scan findings outside the prostate fossa were not predictive of biochemical control after RT.
Asymptotic Ergodic Capacity Region and Rate Optimization of a Multiple Access OFDM MIMO Channel with Separately-Correlated Rician Fading

The ergodic capacity region of a multiple access separately-correlated Rician fading multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) wideband channel is investigated by using an asymptotic approach. Our channel model is sufficiently general to allow for considering different spatial correlation matrices for each user and delay at the transmitter and the receiver. We provide two algorithms which can be used to maximize the (weighted) rate sums in order to obtain the ergodic capacity region. Both algorithms are based on an asymptotic approximation of the single-user wideband mutual information. Moreover, it is shown that sum rate maximization is based on water- filling, similarly to the well known case where the transmitter has perfect channel state information. It is assumed that the number of transmit and receive antennas grows asymptotically approaching finite ratios while the number of users and the signal-to-noise ratios are kept finite. Numerical simulations show that this asymptotic approach is very accurate even when the number of antennas is as low as a few units.
Electromigration failure with thermal gradient effect in SnAgCu solder joints with various UBM

In flip chip package, the majority of heat is from the die side and a temperature gradient builds up from the chip to substrate through the solder joint and underfill. This will induces biased atomic flux from hot end to cold end in the solder. Even in electromigration test vehicle, the joule heating from the Al trace at chip side is also higher than substrate side. Any small temperature difference can generate a large temperature gradient given the small dimension of the solder bump. The combined effect of electromigration and theromigration may induce earlier failure. In the current work, the electromigration reliability of Pb-free solder bump with thick copper UBM at the chip side is studied. The effect of temperature gradient was considered and characterized. We compared the electromigration reliability of SnAgCu flip chip solder joints with and without Cu columns. The solder joint size is about 90 micron and the Cu column has a height of 60 µm. For the copper column solder joint itself, we introduced two types of copper column joint structures: (1) The solder contacts the Cu column at bottom and side walls and (2) Only the bottom surface of the copper column joints with solder. In the solder bump where electrons from chip side to board side, we saw much more IMC formation in the solder joint. The solder joint can even be totally converted to IMC. We propose that when the copper column was converted to IMC, there is a redistribution of current density. To discuss the electromgration reliability of an intermetallic compound joint, we take Cu6Sn5 as an example to calculate the “critical product” and found that the current density needed to cause electromigration damage for Cu6Sn5 IMC is at least one order of magnitude bigger than Sn-based solder.
Olivine Pseudomorphs after Serpentinized Orthopyroxene RecordTransient Oceanic Lithospheric Mantle Dehydration ( Leka Ophiolite Complex , Norway ) OLIVER PLU « MPER 1 * , SANDRA PIAZOLO 2 y AND H —

We examine the partial survival of high-temperature mantle microstructures throughout multi-stage hydrationand dehydrationmediated pseudomorphism at differing pressure^temperature^fluid conditions. Throughout the harzburgitic mantle section of the Leka Ophiolite Complex (Norway), finite domains of parallel olivine encompassed by mesh-textured olivine resembling ‘perfectly cleaved’ olivine grains were identified. Crystallographic orientation mapping, combined with micro-computed tomography, reveals that the parallel olivine grains are highly misoriented (up to 908) with no crystal-preferred orientation, despite remaining parallel in three dimensions. Parallel olivine grains exhibit free dislocations with low dislocation density, whereas within mesh-textured olivine dislocations are aligned into walls. MnO is enriched (up to 1·8 wt %) and NiO depleted (0·21 0·24 wt %) within parallel olivine grains compared with mesh-textured olivine (0·29 0·14 wt % MnO; 0·38 0·19 wt % NiO). Clinopyroxene lamellae that are crystal-plastically deformed occur sandwiched in lizardite layers between every parallel olivine grain or fully enclosed within olivine. Al2O3 and Cr2O3 concentrations of clinopyroxene lamellae (2·09 0·88 wt % Al2O3; 0·79 0·27 wt % Cr2O3) overlap with those of primary clinopyroxene grains (2·43 0·69 wt % Al2O3; 0·83 0·36 wt % Cr2O3) and are distinctly different from those of secondary diopside found within the parallel olivine domains. Intragranular serpentine inclusions (XMg1⁄4 0·95 0·01), displaying elevated Al2O3 (3·92 4·10 wt %) and Cr2O3 (0·78 0·82 wt %) concentrations, are exclusively found within parallel olivine grains. Lizardite (XMg1⁄4 0·92 0·02) within the domains originates from hydration of parallel olivine and compositionally overlaps with mesh-texture lizardite. Antigorite (XMg1⁄4 0·95 0·01) replaces both types of olivine grains. Whole-rock compositions indicate a harzburgitic composition; however, microstructural and chemical observations and the current absence of primary orthopyroxene suggest that the precursor silicate of every parallel olivine domain was a single orthopyroxene grain that was initially serpentinized and later dehydrated to result in the present microstructure. Although desilicification is necessary during the transformation of orthopyroxene to olivine via a bastite stage, calculations based on whole-rock compositions imply that the released SiO2(aq) was mobile only over micrometer to centimeter scales, reacting with the surrounding olivine directly to form serpentine. Crosscutting relationships and serpentine compositions imply that dehydration occurred prior to the now evident lizarditeand antigorite-serpentinization. Comparison with the regional geological setting indicates that dehydration may have occurred transiently within the oceanic lithosphere prior to obduction.
Beyond comorbidity: Toward a dimensional and hierarchical approach to understanding psychopathology across the life span

Abstract We propose a novel developmentally informed framework to push research beyond a focus on comorbidity between discrete diagnostic categories and to move toward research based on the well-validated dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology. For example, a large body of research speaks to the validity and utility of the internalizing and externalizing spectra as organizing constructs for research on common forms of psychopathology. The internalizing and externalizing spectra act as powerful explanatory variables that channel the psychopathological effects of genetic and environmental risk factors, predict adaptive functioning, and account for the likelihood of disorder-level manifestations of psychopathology. As such, our proposed theoretical framework uses the internalizing and externalizing spectra as central constructs to guide future psychopathology research across the life span. The framework is particularly flexible, because any of the facets or factors from the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology can form the focus of research. We describe the utility and strengths of this framework for developmental psychopathology in particular and explore avenues for future research.