Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rediscovering radiology: New technologies and remedial action at the worksite

This study contributes to social studies of imaging and visualization practices within scientific and medical settings. The focus is on practices in radiology, which are bound up with visual records known as radiographs. The study addresses work following the introduction of a new imaging technology, tomosynthesis. Since it was a novel technology, there was limited knowledge of how to correctly analyse tomosynthesis images. To address this problem, a collective review session was arranged. The purpose of the present study was to uncover the practical work that took place during that session and to show how, and on what basis, new methods, interpretations and understandings were being generated. The analysis displays how the diagnostic work on patients’ bodies was grounded in two sets of technologically produced renderings. This shows how expertise is not simply a matter of providing correct explanations, but also involves discovery work in which visual renderings are made transparent. Furthermore, the results point to how the disciplinary knowledge is intertwined with timely actions, which in turn, partly rely on established practices of manipulating and comparing images. The embodied and situated reasoning that enabled radiologists to discern objects in the images thus display expertise as inherently practical and domain-specific.
Timing of infection of macadamia fruit by Pseudocercospora macadamiae and climatic effects on growth and spore germination

Pseudocercospora macadamiae causes husk spot of macadamia. Husk spot control would be improved by verifying the stages in fruit development susceptible to infection, and determine some of the climatic conditions likely to lead to high disease pressure periods in the field. Our results showed that the percent conidia germination and growth of germ tubes and mycelia of P. macadamiae were greatest at 26°C, with better conidia germination associated with high relative humidity and free water. The exposure of match-head-sized and pea-sized fruit stages to natural P. macadamiae inoculum in the field led to 2–5-fold increases in husk spot incidence, and up to 8.5-fold increases in premature abscission, compared with unexposed fruit. Exposure of fruit stages later than match-head-sized and pea-sized fruit generally caused no further increases in disease incidence or premature abscission. Climatic conditions were found to have a strong influence on the behaviour of P. macadamiae, the host, oil accumulation, and the subsequent impact of husk spot on premature abscission. Our findings suggest that fungicide application should target fruit at the match-head-sized stage of development in order to best reduce yield losses, particularly in seasons where oil accumulation in fruit is prolonged and climatic conditions are optimal for P. macadamiae.
Plasma fibrinogen degradation products in oral submucous fibrosis

Context: Plasma fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Background: OSMF is a chronic, progressive, scarring disease of multifactorial etiology. Areca nut is found to be the main cause of this disease. But it has been found in the routine clinical practice that some individuals with the habit of areca nut chewing may not show any clinical evidence of OSMF, while some individuals without the habit of areca nut chewing are found to have OSMF. So, there must be some other factors associated with OSMF. Recently, plasma FDPs have been identified as an early indicator of disease in OSMF patients. A systematic review of their role would help to elucidate whether there is an association of these FDPs in the pathogenesis of OSMF or not. Objective: To review studies reported in the literature elucidating the role of these plasma FDPs in OSMF. Materials and Methods: Articles were searched in PubMed; MEDLINE using appropriate key words like "plasma fibrinogen degradation products" and "oral submucous fibrosis. " Hand search of journals was also performed. Articles were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The search strategy revealed nine relevant articles which studied the role of these plasma FDPs in the etiopathogenesis of OSMF and further progression of this disease with the increased clinical grades and the risk of carcinoma, but the exact role of these factors is still obscure. Conclusion: The data validate the role of plasma FDPs in the etiopathogenesis of OSMF. Studies with a large sample size are still required to evaluate the definite association between these FDPs and OSMF. It has the advantage of being a noninvasive method to evaluate the stage of OSMF patients, instead of using the invasive techniques like biopsy.
Assessment of the safety and efficiency of sunitinib malate in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas (NEN G1/G2) depending on the number and type of earlier therapeutic lines - initial report.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper was to assess the safety and efficacy of sunitinib malate in patients with well-differentiated metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) who relapsed on standard therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overall, eight patients with well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours/neoplasm (NET/NEN G1/G2, Ki-67 < 20%), who had relapsed on a standard therapy approach, were treated. All had non-resectable, progressive disease. All received therapy using a standard dose of sunitinib malate. Adverse events were evaluated using NCI-CTC AE v. 3.0. RESULTS Of the eight patients, seven had non-secretor and single secretor tumour (gastrinoma). Partial remission (PR) was noted in three patients (one after a single therapeutic line, two after two lines), five patients had stabilisation (SD) - including three individuals after three lines, one patient after two lines and another after a single line. Haematological adverse events: leukopenia (25%) - occurred in one patient after three lines and in one patient after two lines; anaemia (25%) - in one patient after three lines and in one patient after one therapeutic line. Mucocutaneous lesions were noted in 37.5% of patients after 2-3 lines of treatment. All of them experienced fatigue syndrome irrespective of the number of therapies. The majority of the patients simultaneously received somatostatin analogues, which did not exacerbate the toxicity profile. The median progression-free survival time (PFS) was 11 months. CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib may be considered as a fairly well-tolerated and effective therapeutic option in progressive non-resectable PNEN patients in the second and subsequent lines of treatment, irrespective of the types of treatment previously applied.
The biodiversity of Actinomycetes in the River Nile exhibiting antifungal activity

The taxonomic analysis of 114 actinomycete strains isolated from water of the River Nile and its bottom sediments showed that most of the water isolates belonging the genus Streptomyces. As well as, the majoring of the sediment isolates belongs to the genus Micromonospora. The overwhelming majority of Streptomyces species are Str. antibioticus, Str. aunlatus, Str. violaceus and Str. antimycoticus. M. carbonaceae and M. purpureochromogenes were also identified. Of 68 Streptomyces strains obtained, 11-exhibited significant antimycotic activity. Among the test fungi examined, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride proved to be the most susceptible to the active substance present in the fermentation broths of Streptmyces strains. These active substances seem to be polyenes.
Cooperating with technologically (dis)similar alliance partners: the influence of the technology life cycle and the impact on innovative and market performance

In this paper, we investigate the cooperative relationships of innovating firms with (dis)similar partners during the technology life cycle. We test the impact of such cooperative relationships on the innovative and market performance of these firms. To do so, we use a sample of 83 Application Specific Integrated Circuit firms over the period 1986–2005. We find that working with partners that are technologically similar improves innovative and market performance early on in the technology life cycle. Working with partners that are technologically dissimilar improves innovative and market performance later on in the technology life cycle. These results indicate that innovating firms have to change their partnership from technologically similar towards technologically dissimilar over the technology life cycle.
Evaluation of the effect of time dependent dosing on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine in normotensive and hypertensive human subjects

ABSTRACT In clinical practice, circadian rhythms play a prominent role in pharmacokinetics and cell responses to therapy, hence necessitating in designing a defined protocol for drug administration. Clinical evidence for chronopharmacological behavior of cardiovascular active drugs in human subjects has been limited for amlodipine. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the chronopharmacokinetic and chronopharmacodynamic phenomena of amlodipine and evaluate the effect of time of dosage in hypertensive subjects. Single oral dose of amlodipine was administered to the hypertensive/normotensive subjects either morning or evening to assess the pharmacokinetic profile after morning dosing or evening dosing, respectively. PK parameters obtained revealed that Tmax was shorter and Cmax was greater after evening dosing than the morning dosing in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects. These observations were comparable with the hypothesis that amlodipine is absorbed rapidly when it is given during the night time. Also, the changes in systolicBP, DiastolicBP, and heart rate in comparison to the respective circadian baseline values were markedly different depending on the time and dosing. SBP and HR were significantly reduced after evening dosing with slight difference in measurement of DBP in hypertensive patients. Hence, it can be concluded that prescription of antihypertensive medications containing amlodipine, to be administered at night offers highly efficacious means to control BP without the need to increase either the dose or number of medications. The current treatment strategy method involves delivery of medications, so that they are synchronized in time to biological need that varies according to the chronobiology of the targeted tissues.
Vanadiumin HumanSerum , as Determinedby NeutronActivationAnalysis

References 1. Finlay EMIl, Gaskell SJ. Determination of testosterone in plasma from men by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with high-resolution selected-ion monitoring and metastable peak monitoring. Clin Chem 27, 1165-1170 (1981). 2. Gaskell SJ, Collins CJ, Thorne CC, Groom GV. External quality assessment of assays for cortisol in plasma: Use of target data obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 29, 862-867 (1983). 3. Nocke-Finck L, Rohie G, Siekmann L, Breuer H. Collaborative surveys for steroidhormones in the Federal Republic of Germany. In Quality Control in Clinical Endocrinology, DW Wilson, SJ Gaskell, K Kemp, Eds., Alpha Omega Publishing, Cardifi U.K., 1981,pp 175-182. 4. Lantto 0, BjOrkhem I, Blomstrand R, Kallner A. Interlaboratoiy evaluation of four RIA kits for determination of plasma cortisol,
Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of mandibular asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

Objective: To determine whether there is any difference between the cleft and non-cleft sides of the mandible in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients, or the right and left sides in control patients; and to determine if there is any difference between the mandibular asymmetry of UCLP patients and that of control patients. Methods: We examined cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 15 patients with UCLP and 15 age- and gender-matched control patients. We evaluated 8 linear, 3 surface, and 3 volumetric measurements and compared the cleft/non-cleft sides of UCLP patients and the right/left sides of controls. Results: There were no statistically significant gender differences in any linear, surface, or volumetric measurement. The single significant side-to-side difference in UCLP patients was a longer coronoid unit on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side (p = 0.046). Body volume was significantly lower in the UCLP group than in the control group (p = 0.008). Conclusions: In general, UCLP patients have symmetrical mandibles, although the coronoid unit length is significantly longer on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side. UCLP patients and controls differed only in body volume. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(6): 431-439)
Does experience matter?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the utilization of health care resources and patterns of chronic disease care by patients of medical residents and patients of their attending physicians.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved a longitudinal cohort of 14,554 patients seen over a 1-year period by 149 residents and 36 attendings located in an urban academic medical center. Data were acquired prospectively through a practice management system used to order tests, write prescriptions, and code ambulatory visits. We assessed resource utilization by measuring the total direct costs of care over a 1-year period, including ambulatory and inpatient costs, and the numbers and types of resources used.RESULTS: Residents’ patients were similar to attendings’ patients in age and gender, but residents’ patients were more likely to have Medicaid or Medicare and to have a higher burden of comorbidity. Total annual ambulatory care costs were almost 60% higher for residents’ patients than for attendings’ patients in unadjusted analyses, and 30% higher in analyses adjusted for differences in case mix (adjusted mean $888 vs $750; P=.0001). The primary cost drivers on the outpatient side were consultations and radiological procedures. Total inpatient costs were almost twice as high for residents’ patients compared to attendings’ patients in unadjusted analyses, but virtually identical in analyses adjusted for case mix differences (adjusted mean of $849 vs $860). Admission rates were almost double for residents’ patients. Total adjusted costs for residents’ patients were slightly, but not significantly, higher than for attendings’ patients (adjusted mean $1,651 vs $1,540; P>.05). Residents’ and attendings’ patients generally did not differ in the patterns of care for diabetes, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and depression, except that residents’ patients with asthma/COPD, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes were admitted more frequently than attendings’ patients.CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that residents’ patients had higher costs than attendings’ patients, but the differences would have been seriously overestimated without adjustment. We conclude that it costs about 7% more for residents to manage patients than for attendings. On the ambulatory side, the larger number of procedures and consults ordered for residents’ patients appears to drive the higher costs.
Analysis of Indonesian Spice Essential Oil Compounds That Inhibit Locomotor Activity in Mice

Some fragrance components of spices used for cooking are known to have an effect on human behavior. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of the essential oils of basil (Ocimum formacitratum L.) leaves, lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates L.) herbs, ki lemo (Litsea cubeba L.) bark, and laja gowah (Alpinia malaccencis Roxb.) rhizomes on locomotor activity in mice and identify the active component(s) that might be responsible for the activity. The effect of the essential oils was studied by a wheel cage method and the active compounds of the essential oils were identified by GC/MS analysis. The essential oils were administered by inhalation at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mL/cage. The results showed that the four essential oils had inhibitory effects on locomotor activity in mice. Inhalation of the essential oils of basil leaves, lemongrass herbs, ki lemo bark, and laja gowah rhizomes showed the highest inhibitory activity at doses of 0.5 (57.64%), 0.1 (55.72%), 0.5 (60.75%), and 0.1 mL/cage (47.09%), respectively. The major volatile compounds 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, 4-terpineol, citronelol, citronelal, and methyl cinnamate were identified in blood plasma of mice after inhalation of the four oils. These compounds had a significant inhibitory effect on locomotion after inhalation. The volatile compounds of essential oils identified in the blood plasma may correlate with the locomotor-inhibiting properties of the oil when administered by inhalation.
The quality of international normalised ratio control in southern Tasmania

TO THE EDITOR: The Australian Government’s recently completed Review of anticoagulation therapies in atrial fibrillation (AF) identified that the quality of international normalised ratio (INR) control was one of a number of factors creating uncertainty regarding the cost-effectiveness of novel anticoagulants in the Australian setting.1 INR control, usually expressed as the percentage of time in the therapeutic range (TTR), is critical in determining the relative efficacy, safety and costeffectiveness of novel anticoagulants compared with warfarin.2,3 There is a strong correlation between TTR and clinical outcomes for patients taking warfarin.4,5 A review of retrospective studies in patients with AF found that a 7% improvement in TTR is associated with one less haemorrhagic event per 100 patient-years and a 12% improvement is associated with one less thromboembolic event per 100 patient-years.5 There is a paucity of data available regarding INR control in Australia outside of trial conditions. We conducted a retrospective observational study with the aim of determining the quality of INR control in a large cohort of patients in southern Tasmania. We examined INR results for southern Tasmanian people from December 2003 to November 2010. Data were obtained from the major private pathology provider and were screened to identify patients who were receiving monitoring for warfarin therapy, and who received continuous INR monitoring from 2007 to 2010. There were 1137 patients with continuous data for 2007–2010, spanning a mean of 3.5 years. This group had a mean TTR (assuming a therapeutic range of 2–3) of 69.1% and a mean testing interval of 22.9 days. Patients spent a mean of 18.3% of their time with an INR <2 and 12.6% of their time with an INR >3. The proportion of patients with a mean TTR < 60% was 22.3%, and 52.5% had a TTR > 70% (Box). The observed mean TTR of almost 70% is superior to that reported in the warfarin arms of recent clinical trials comparing novel anticoagulants to warfarin (mean TTR, 55%–64%). 1 Optimisation of TTR is critical for patients who are prescribed warfarin, and TTR could be used as an ongoing audit parameter to identify patients with poor INR control and provide the impetus for interventions to reduce the risk of warfarin-related adverse events. The use of TTR in general practice systems and pathology reports would give prescribers a sound basis on which to make decisions about a range of interventions that could improve the quality of warfarin management. The TTR could also act as an indicator to switch therapy to an alternative anticoagulant if reasonable INR control could not be achieved. In summary, Australian “real-world” INR control was better than expected and, at the observed level of INR control, the benefits of novel anticoagulants compared with warfarin may be lost for most patients.1
Differing roles of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases during mouse oocyte maturation

ABSTRACT Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) modulate energy homeostasis in multiple tissues and cell types, under various nutrient conditions, through phosphorylation of the α subunit (PDHE1α, also known as PDHA1) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. However, the roles of PDKs in meiotic maturation are currently unknown. Here, by undertaking knockdown and overexpression analysis of PDK paralogs (PDK1–PDK4) in mouse oocytes, we established the site-specificity of PDKs towards the phosphorylation of three serine residues (Ser232, Ser293 and Ser300) on PDHE1α. We found that PDK3-mediated phosphorylation of Ser293-PDHE1α results in disruption of meiotic spindle morphology and chromosome alignment and decreased total ATP levels, probably through inhibition of PDH activity. Unexpectedly, we discovered that PDK1 and PDK2 promote meiotic maturation, as their knockdown disturbs the assembly of the meiotic apparatus, without significantly altering ATP content. Moreover, phosphorylation of Ser232-PDHE1α was demonstrated to mediate PDK1 and PDK2 action in meiotic maturation, possibly through a mechanism that is distinct from PDH inactivation. These findings reveal that there are divergent roles of PDKs during oocyte maturation and indicate a new mechanism controlling meiotic structure. Highlighted Article: In mouse ooctytes, different isoforms of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase have differing effects on the assembly of the spindle, chromosome alignment and ATP content.
MULTI SCALE TIME SERIES PREDICTION FOR INTRUSION DETECTION

We propose an anomaly-based network intrusion detection system, which analyzes traffic features to det ect anomalies. The proposed system can be used both in online as well as off-line mode for detecting devia tions from the expected behavior. Although our approach uses network packet or flow data, it is general enou gh to be adaptable for use with any other network vari able, which may be used as a signal for anomaly detection. It differs from most existing approaches in its use of wavelet transform for generating dif ferent time scales for a signal and using these scales as an input to a two-stage neural network predictor. T he predictor predicts the expected signal value and la bels considerable deviations from this value as anomalies. The primary contribution of our work would be to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of multi resolution analysis as an input to neural net work prediction engine specifically for the purpose of intrusion detection. The role of Intrusion Detectio n Systems (IDSs), as special-purpose devices to detect anomalies and attacks in a network, is becom ing more important. First, anomaly-based methods cannot achieve an outstanding performance without a comprehensive labeled and up-to-date training set with all different attack types, which is very costly and time-consuming to create if not impossib le. Second, efficient and effective fusion of several d etection technologies becomes a big challenge for building an operational hybrid intrusion detection system. Keyword: Anomaly Detection, Two-Stage Neural Network Predictor, Multi-Resolution Analysis