Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myosin heavy chain expression in zebrafish and slow muscle composition

In the zebrafish embryo, two distinct classes of muscle fibers have been described in the forming myotome that arise from topographically separable precursor populations. Based entirely on cross‐reactivity with antibodies raised against mammalian and chick myosin heavy chain isoforms slow twitch muscle has been shown to arise exclusively from “adaxial” myoblasts, which migrate from their origin flanking the notochord to form a single layer of subcutaneous differentiated muscle cells. The remainder of the myotome differentiates behind this migration as muscle fibers recognized by anti‐fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) antibodies. To identify unambiguous molecular markers of cell fate in the myotome, we have characterized genes encoding zebrafish fast and slow MyHC. Using phylogenetic and expression analysis, we demonstrate that these genes are definitive molecular markers of slow and fast twitch fates. We also demonstrate that zebrafish embryonic slow twitch muscle co‐expresses both slow and fast twitch MyHC isoforms, a property that they share with primary fibers of the amniote myotome. Developmental Dynamics 233:1018–1022, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dorsal pallidal neurons directly link the nidopallium and midbrain in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

The dorsal pallidum in birds is considered similar, if not homologous, to the globus pallidus (GP) of mammals. The dorsal pallidum projects to both thalamic and midbrain targets similar to the direct and indirect pathways arising from the internal and external segments of the GP. In the present study, retrograde and anterograde tracing studies revealed a previously undescribed projection of the avian dorsal pallidum. This arises from a specific dorsomedial component, which terminates in the intercollicular nucleus and partly surrounds the avian equivalent of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The respiratory‐vocal dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex, however, does not receive these projections.
Patterns and Predictors of Primary Mental Health Service Use Following Bushfire and Flood Disasters

Abstract Objective To examine patterns and predictors of primary mental health care service use following 2 major Australian natural disaster events. Methods Utilizing data from a national minimum dataset, descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to identify levels and predictors of the use of the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program over a 2-year period following 2 major Australian bushfire and flood/cyclone disasters. Results The bushfire disaster resulted in significantly greater and more enduring ATAPS service volume, while service delivery for both disasters peaked in the third quarter. Consumers affected by bushfires (IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20–1.89), diagnosed with depression (IRR 2.57, 95% CI 1.60-4.14), anxiety (IRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.21-3.49), or both disorders (IRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.35-3.42) utilized treatment at higher rates. Conclusions The substantial demand for primary mental health care services following major natural disasters can vary in magnitude and trajectory with disaster type. Disaster-specific ATAPS services provide a promising model to cater for this demand in primary care settings. Disaster type and need-based variables as drivers of ATAPS use intensity indicate an equitable level of service use in line with the program intention. Established service usage patterns can assist with estimating capacity requirements in similar disaster circumstances. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:275-282)
PWM Control Scheme For Quasi-Switched-Boost Inverter to Improve Modulation Index

The simple boost control (SBC) method is usually used to control the shoot-through state in a single-phase single-stage quasi-switched boost inverter (qSBI). This paper proposes a new pulse-width modulation (PWM) control scheme to improve the modulation index for the qSBI. The advantages of the proposed method for the qSBI over the conventional SBC method are as follows: 1) the modulation index is larger; 2) the voltage stress on the capacitor, diodes, and switches is reduced significantly; 3) the high-frequency peak-to-peak inductor current and capacitor voltage ripples are smaller; 4) the shoot-through current is lower; and 5) the efficiency is higher. The operating principles and circuit analysis for the proposed PWM control scheme are shown. To verify the performance of the proposed PWM control method, a 400W prototype was built with a 110 V/50 Hz output voltage. The experimental results matched those of the theoretical analysis.
Degradation of a Cytosolic Protein Requires Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation Machinery*

Protein misfolding is monitored by a variety of cellular “quality control” systems. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control handles misfolded secretory and membrane proteins and is well characterized. However, less is known about the quality control of misfolded cytosolic proteins (CytoQC). To study CytoQC, we have employed a genetic system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a transplantable degron, CL1 (1). Attachment of CL1 to the cytosolic protein Ura3p destabilizes Ura3p, targeting it for rapid proteasomal degradation. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of Ura3p-CL1 degradation requirements. As shown previously, we observe that the ER-localized ubiquitin E2 (Ubc6p, Ubc7p, and Cue1p) and E3 (Doa10p) machinery involved in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) are also responsible for the degradation of the cytosolic substrate Ura3p-CL1. Importantly, we find that the cytosol/ER membrane-localized chaperones Ydj1p and Ssa1p, known to be necessary for the ERAD of membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains, are also required for the ubiquitination and degradation of Ura3p-CL1. In addition, we show a role for the Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p complex in the degradation of Ura3p-CL1. When ubiquitination is blocked, a portion of Ura3p-CL1 is ER membrane-localized. Furthermore, access to the cytosolic face of the ER is required for the degradation of CL1 degron-containing proteins. The ER is distributed throughout the cytosol, and our data, together with previous studies, suggest that the cytosolic face of the ER membrane serves as a “platform” for the degradation of Ura3p-CL1, which may also be the case for other CytoQC substrates.
NEST-SITES AND HABITAT OF RED-SHOULDERED AND RED-TAILED HAWKS IN IOWA

Numerous studies have addressed the breeding biology of the Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jam&e&s) (referred to as RTH) (e.g., Fitch et al. 1946, Orians and KuhIman 1956, Luttich et al. 1971, Seidensticker and Reynolds 1971, Gates 1972, McInvaiUe and Keith 1974, Johnson 1975, Petersen 1979), and the Red-shouldered Hawk (B. Zineatus) (referred to as RSH) (Stewart 1949, Henny et al 1973, Wiley 1975, Portnoy and Dodge 1979). However, only a few studies (Campbell 1975, Howell et al. 1978) have quantified some parameters of nesting habitats of RSH and RTH. Recently, Titus and Mosher (1981) quantitatively examined the nest-sites of four sympatric woodland hawks (including RSH and RTH) in the central Appalachians. Here we describe nest-sites and examine habitat partitioning of nesting RSH and RTH in Iowa.
The mouse albumin enhancer contains a negative regulatory element that interacts with a novel DNA-binding protein

The far-upstream mouse albumin enhancer (-10.5 to -8.43 kilobases) has both positive and negative regulatory domains which contribute to the rate and tissue specificity of albumin gene transcription. (R. S. Herbst, N. Friedman, J. E. Darnell, Jr., and L. E. Babiss, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1553-1557). In this work, the negative regulatory region has been functionally localized to sequences -8.7 to -8.43 kilobases upstream of the albumin gene cap site. In the absence of the albumin-modulating region (in which there are binding sites for the transcription factor C/EBP), the negative region can suppress a neighboring positive-acting element, thereby interfering with albumin enhancer function. The negative region is also capable of negating the positive action of the heterologous transthyretin enhancer in an orientation-independent fashion. Within this negative-acting region we can detect two DNA-binding sites, both of which are recognized by a protein present in all cell types tested. This DNA-binding activity is not competed for by any of a series of known DNA-binding sites, and hence this new protein is a candidate for a role in suppressing the albumin gene in nonhepatic cells.
Prostaglandin E2 is an enhancer of interleukin-1beta-induced expression of membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE Membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES) is a recently identified terminal enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, which converts PGH(2) to PGE(2) in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). This study was undertaken to investigate factors regulating the expression of mPGES. METHODS RASFs were treated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), indomethacin, NS-398, rofecoxib, or meloxicam. The effects of PGE(2) and selective agonists for PGE(2) receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) were also studied. Expression of mPGES messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein was measured by Northern and Western blot analysis, respectively. EP receptor mRNA expression in RASFs was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Production of PGE(2) and cAMP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The enhanced expression of mPGES mRNA and protein in IL-1beta-stimulated RASFs was attenuated by the addition of indomethacin, NS-398, rofecoxib, or meloxicam. This reduction of expression was reversed by PGE(2). IL-1beta-induced PGES activity, measured by conversion of PGH(2) to PGE(2), was decreased by rofecoxib. EP2 and EP4 receptor mRNA was detected in RASFs. EP2 and EP4 agonists, as well as PGE(2), restored the inhibitory effect of rofecoxib on mPGES expression. The effect of PGE(2) was mimicked by forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase. Intracellular cAMP was increased by IL-1beta and was inhibited by rofecoxib. CONCLUSION Enhancement of mPGES expression by PGE(2) via the EP2/EP4 receptors with an increase in cAMP may play an important role in articular inflammation in patients with RA. It also seems that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors decrease PGE(2) production not only by direct inhibition of COX-2, but also by reducing mPGES expression in activated RASFs.
Mechanism of Cl- Selection by a Glutamate-gated Chloride (GluCl) Receptor Revealed through Mutations in the Selectivity Filter*

To learn about the mechanism of ion charge selectivity by invertebrate glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels, we swapped segments between the GluClβ receptor of Caenorhabditis elegans and the vertebrate cationic α7-acetylcholine receptor and monitored anionic/cationic permeability ratios. Complete conversion of the ion charge selectivity in a set of receptor microchimeras indicates that the selectivity filter of the GluClβ receptor is created by a sequence connecting the first with the second transmembrane segments. A single substitution of a negatively charged residue within this sequence converted the selectivity of the GluClβ receptor's pore from anionic to cationic. Unexpectedly, elimination of the charge of each basic residue of the selectivity filter, one at a time or concomitantly, moderately reduced the PCl/PNa ratios, but the GluClβ receptor's mutants retained high capacity to select Cl- over Na+. These results indicate that, unlike the proposed case of anionic Gly- and γ-aminobutyric acid-gated ion channels, positively charged residues do not play the key role in the selection of ionic charge by the GluClβ receptor. Taken together with measurements of the effective open pore diameter and with structural modeling, the study presented here collectively indicates that in the most constricted part of the open GluClβ receptor's channel, Cl- interacts with backbone amides, where it undergoes partial dehydration necessary for traversing the pore.
Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion in Cervical Cancer

Perineural invasion (PNI) has attracted attention as a new prognostic factor for cancer. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PNI in patients with cervical cancer. Clinical data of 185 patients with early-stage cervical cancer (stages IA2–IIA2) who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy between 2003 and 2011 were investigated. PNI was detected in 7% (13 of 18 cases) of patients. Moreover, 92% (12 of 13 cases) of patients with PNI received radiation therapy or concurrent chemoradiation therapy after surgery. We investigated whether PNI can be a new indication for adjuvant therapy for cervical cancer. In our study, PNI had a significant association with well-known indications for adjuvant therapy (92.3% sensitivity, 50% specificity, odds ratio 12.0, P=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that parametrial invasion and lymphovascular invasion were independently associated with PNI (P<0.05). However, statistical analysis did not show differences in disease-free survival (P=0.292) or overall survival (P=0.346) according to the presence of PNI. In conclusion, PNI as an independent predictor for prognosis was limited, but PNI had a significant association with prognostic factors. PNI may be a new risk factor candidate for cervical cancer. PNI is expected to help in decision making for the need for adjuvant therapy.
Relationship between hallucinations, delusions, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease

Psychotic symptoms are the main and the most disabling “nonmotor” complications of Parkinson's disease (PD), the pathophysiology of which is poorly recognized. Polysomnographic studies have shown a relationship between visual hallucinations and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The objective of this study is to clarify the relationship between psychotic symptoms and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in PD. In a Parkinson's disease outpatient unit, 289 consecutive subjects with idiopathic PD were administered (in the period from January to December 2002) a multiple‐choice questionnaire and structured interview on sleep and mental disorders. RBD was diagnosed in accordance with the minimal diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Hallucinations and delusional disorders were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV criteria. The presence or absence of psychotic symptoms, of RBD, and of daytime sleepiness, as well as motor status, cognitive status, and mood were assessed. Approximately 32% (n = 92) of the subjects presented with psychotic disorders; 30% (n = 86) had experienced hallucinations; 2% (n = 6) had delusions without hallucinations. Sixty‐two (72%) hallucinators reported nocturnal hallucinations. A total of 6.6% (n = 19) of the subjects complained of a delusional disorder. There were 26.6% (n = 77) of subjects who presented with RBD: 28 (36%) with onset before and 49 (63%) with onset after PD diagnosis. The presence of RBD was associated with an increased risk of manifesting hallucinations and delusions (odds ratio [OR], 2.73). Other independent clinical factors found to have an effect on psychotic disorders were cognitive impairment (OR, 3.92), disease duration (OR, 2.46), advanced age (OR, 2.34), and severity of motor symptoms (OR, 2.06). These results suggest that RBD is widely associated with psychosis in PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Forecasting of solar particle event integral proton fluences using Bayesian inference

Previous work by the authors has demonstrated the ability to predict solar particle event dose and dose rate temporal profiles using Bayesian inference models as implemented by Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques. Dose and dose rate time profiles have a nonlinear temporal dependence, usually modeled as a nonlinear sigmoidal growth curve. These models lend themselves to the prediction of future doses given data from early in the event. The operational implementation of this methodology would utilize onboard instruments to mark the beginning of an event and onboard dosimeters to provide real-time dose and dose rate values as input to the empirical model. Similarly, solar particle event integral proton fluences demonstrate a nonlinear temporal dependence and may be modeled as a nonlinear sigmoidal growth curve. Predicting fluences rather than doses allows the forecaster to then calculate and predict the response function of choice. A larger sample of historical solar particle events was used for proton fluence prediction model development than previously for the dose and dose rate prediction efforts. In addition to quantitative forecasts, our models provide almost immediate qualitative classification of new events as significant versus insignificant, thus providing a tool to operators for making decisions concerning the commitment of forecasting resources. The justification for modeling fluence using non-linear sigmoidal growth curves and hierarchical models is examined, and the hypothesis that significant events (in terms of fluence) can be identified by fluence alone, early in the evolution of the event, is examined
Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma of the head and neck: a report of 10 patients treated at a single institution and comparison with reported series.

OBJECTIVES To present the clinicopathologic features of 10 sinonasal teratocarcinosarcomas managed at a single center. Teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare morphologically heterogeneous and highly malignant neoplasm. Previous reports of these tumors have focused on their differential diagnosis and histogenesis and consisted of individual case reports and consultation based series. DESIGN Review of patient medical records and microscopic slides of all tumor tissues. The histopathologic features for each tumor and the demographic, clinical, treatment, and follow-up information were recorded for each patient. Also, a comparison with previously reported series was performed. SETTING The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. PATIENTS Ten men ranging in age from 35 to 69 years (mean age, 53 years) were included in the study. They all experienced a short course of symptoms, with an average duration of 3.5 months, and 9 presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Nine patients were treated with both surgery and irradiation. RESULTS Histologically, the tumors showed primitive neuroepithelial elements and various malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. Six patients had no evidence of disease by the end of follow-up, which ranged from 72 to 372 months. Three patients died of disease, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma of the head and neck is a histologically and biologically heterogeneous malignant neoplasm that is best managed with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.
Psychiatric morbidity and its screening in Turkish women with breast cancer: a comparison between the HADS and SCID tests

Objective: Adjustment disorders (ADs) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are often the most prevalent psychiatric disorders among cancer patients. This study's objective was to determine the overall performance of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as a screening instrument in identifying cases of psychiatric morbidity such as ADs and MDD.
Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century

Last year, I had the unique opportunity to attend the AntiDefamation League’s Advanced Training School in Washington, DC, which is a three-day workshop designed for senior law enforcement professionals assigned to intelligence, counter-terrorism and homeland security units across the United States. One of the key speakers of the conference was Marc Sageman, counter-terrorism expert and author of Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century. In his analytical book, Sageman "suggests that radicalization is a collective rather than an individual process in which friendship and kinship are key components. " This issue, since its inception, has sparked many heated debates among leading experts in the counter-terrorism field. Eight years after the 9/11 attacks, the main question still remains; what is the state of Al Qaeda today? Sageman suggests that Osama Bin Laden does not exercise the same power he did in 9/11; he is merely an inspiration for young extremists who will, once radicalized, act with their own ambitions to pursue Jihad. On the contrary, counter-terrorism expert Bruce Hoffman has argued that Al Qaeda has re-emerged and is actively directing terrorist organizations.
Anatomical and histological characterization of the cervix in Santa Inês hair ewes

The aim of the present study was to describe the morphology of the cervix in Santa Ines ewes. One hundred cervices were collected from females of different ages (12 to 48 months). Five types of cervical os were observed: duck-bill, flap, rosette, papilla and spiral, with duck-bill being the most predominant type (51%) overall. The average cervix length was 4.68 cm (range of 3 to 7 cm). Shorter cervices (P < 0.05) were observed in younger females (12-18 months). The number of rings was on average 5.68 (range 3 to 8). There was a positive correlation between cervical length and animal age (r = 0.22; P < 0.0001) and between cervical length and number of rings (r = 0.21; P < 0.0001). Cervical rings were generally funnel-shaped and the mean internal diameter of the rings was 2.98 mm. The average number of rings with fornix was 5.17. The presence of fornix in the first three rings was higher than in the subsequent rings, gradually decreasing until the seventh ring. The internal shape of the cervix resembled two inverted cones, being wider at both ends and narrower in the middle. Differences in the internal characteristics of the cervical canal (length, diameter, number of rings, and number of fornices) were observed only between some of the cervical os shapes, and the success of the cervical passage cannot be predicted by the determination of the cervical os shape. Some anatomical features of the cervical canal in Santa Ines ewes differ from those reported for other sheep breeds, showing that information obtained can be useful to define the characteristics of devices to be used for achieving successful cervical penetration during insemination of Santa Ines ewes.
A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, multicenter comparative study evaluating the effect of etanercept versus methotrexate on radiographic outcomes, disease activity, and safety in Japanese subjects with active rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectivesThe aim of this phase 3, double-blind study was to compare the radiographic and clinical effects of etanercept (ETN) versus methotrexate (MTX) over 52 weeks in Japanese subjects with active rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsThe study population comprised 550 subjects with inadequate response to ≥1 disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs who were randomized to treatment groups of ETN 25 mg twice weekly (BIW; n = 182), ETN 10 mg BIW (n = 192), or MTX (≤8.0 mg/week; n = 176). ResultsOf the 550 subjects initially enrolled in the three treatment groups, 21.6 % discontinued the study; a significantly higher proportion of those who withdrew from the study due to lack of efficacy were in the MTX (21.6 %) group compared with the ETN 25 mg (3.3 %) and ETN 10 mg (6.8 %) groups (P < 0.001). Mean change from baseline in the modified total Sharp score at week 52 (primary endpoint) was significantly lower in the ETN 25 mg [3.33; standard error (SE), 0.73] and ETN 10 mg (5.19; SE 0.93) groups than in the MTX group (9.82; SE 1.16; P < 0.0001 vs. either ETN group). Compared with subjects receiving MTX, significantly higher percentages of subjects treated with ETN 25 and 10 mg achieved American College of Rheumatology (ACR) ACR20 and ACR50 response rates at all time points (P < 0.01). ETN was well-tolerated, with no unexpected safety findings.ConclusionsETN 25 mg BIW and ETN 10 mg BIW slowed radiographic progression and improved clinical outcomes more effectively than MTX in this Japanese population.