Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependent Border Trap Response Produced by a Defective Interfacial Oxide Layer in Al2O3/InGaAs Gate Stacks.

Intentional oxidation of an As2-decapped (100) In0.57Ga0. 43As substrate by additional H2O dosing during initial Al2O3 gate dielectric atomic layer deposition (ALD) increases the interface trap density (Dit), lowers the band edge photoluminescence (PL) intensity, and generates Ga-oxide detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Aberration-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals formation of an amorphous interfacial layer which is distinct from the Al2O3 dielectric and which is not present without the additional H2O dosing. Observation of a temperature dependent border trap response, associated with the frequency dispersion of the accumulation capacitance and conductance of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures, is found to be correlated with the presence of this defective interfacial layer. MOS capacitors prepared with additional H2O dosing show a notable decrease (∼20%) of accumulation dispersion over 5 kHz to 500 kHz when the measurement temperature decreases from room temperature to 77 K, while capacitors prepared with an abrupt Al2O3/InGaAs interface display little change (<2%) with temperature. Similar temperature-dependent border trap response is also observed when the (100) InGaAs surface is treated with a previously reported HCl(aq) wet cleaning procedure prior to Al2O3 ALD. These results point out the sensitivity of the temperature dependence of the border trap response in metal oxide/III-V MOS gate stacks to the presence of processing-induced interface oxide layers, which alter the dynamics of carrier trapping at defects that are not located at the semiconductor interface.
Prognostic value of nucleoli and cell size in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

In an effort to improve prediction of duration of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, correlations between blood‐cell morphology and survival were investigated. Blood films made on 108 patients at the time of diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia were reviewed by a single hematologist. Lymphocyte diameter and the fraction of lymphocytes containing nucleoli were both found to have an inverse correlation with survival.
Long-term followup of augmentation enterocystoplasty and continent diversion in patients with benign disease.

PURPOSE We evaluated long-term outcomes in patients undergoing augmentation enterocystoplasty (AC) (with or without an abdominal stoma) or continent urinary diversion in patients with benign urological disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 76 consecutive adults who underwent AC (with or without an abdominal stoma) or continent urinary diversion because of benign urological conditions. The outcomes assessed were a patient satisfaction questionnaire, continence status, catheterization status, bladder capacity, bladder compliance, detrusor instability, maximum detrusor pressure, upper tract status, significant postoperative morbidity, need for reoperation, persistent diarrhea and vitamin B12 deficiency. RESULTS The 76 patients (18 men and 58 women) were 19 to 80 years old (mean age 49). Followup was 1 to 19 years (mean 8.9). Preoperative diagnoses were neurogenic bladder in 41 patients, refractory detrusor overactivity in 9, interstitial cystitis in 7, end stage bladder disease in 7, radiation cystitis in 3, exstrophy in 3, postoperative urethral obstruction in 3 and low bladder compliance in 3. A total of 50 patients underwent simple AC, 15 underwent AC with an abdominal stoma and 11 underwent continent supravesical diversion. Of the 71 evaluable patients 49 (69%) considered themselves cured, 14 (20%) considered themselves improved and 8 (11%) considered treatment to have failed. All 7 patients with interstitial cystitis had failed treatment. Mean bladder capacity increased from 166 to 572 ml and mean maximum detrusor pressure decreased from 53 to 14 cm H2O. Serum creatinine improved or remained normal in all patients. Five patients experienced persistent diarrhea requiring intermittent antispasmodics but none had vitamin B12 deficiency, pernicious anemia or malabsorption syndrome. Long-term complications were stomal stenosis or incontinence in 11 of 26 patients (42%) with stomas, de novo bladder and renal stones in 2 of 71 (3%) and 1 of 71 (1%), respectively, and recurrent bladder stones in 6%. Small bowel obstruction occurred in 5 of 71 patients (7%), requiring surgical exploration in 4 (6%). CONCLUSIONS AC and urinary diversion provide a safe and effective long-term therapy in patients with refractory neurogenic bladder but stomal problems in patients with continent diversion continue to be a source of complications.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in injured adults: etiology by path analysis.

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) impairs outcome from injury. We present a path analysis of factors related to the development of PTSD in injured adults. METHODS A prospective cohort of 250 patients without severe neurotrauma was evaluated by interview during admission and by mailed self-report 6 months later. Data were gathered from the trauma registry (age, injury mechanism, and Injury Severity Score), social history (gender, income, education, and social support), and survey instruments. Baseline assessment used the Michigan Critical Events Perception Scale (peritraumatic dissociation and subjective threat to life), the Life Experience Survey (stressful exposure history), and the SF36 (general and mental health). PTSD at 6 months was identified with the civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD. Data are listed as mean +/- SEM or percent (%). Path analysis was conducted by linear regression and significant (p<0.05) variables are shown. Factors are listed with the standardized beta. A negative beta suggests a protective effect. RESULTS The 176 patients (72%) who completed the 6-month follow-up were 37.7+/-0.88 years old; 75% were men; and blunt (70%), penetrating (13.5%), and burn (16.4%) mechanisms caused the injuries. Assault was involved in 14.5% of the cases. Average income was $44,300+/-2,700/yr, education was 13.0+/-0.15 years, and Injury Severity Score was 13.9+/-0.50. A total of 42.3% of the patients developed PTSD. The 39.7% of the variance in PTSD explained by the model was due to intentional injury (beta = 0.27), male gender (beta = -0.21), age (beta = -0.20), peritraumatic dissociation (beta = 0.174), baseline mental health (beta = -0.21), and prior life-threatening illness (beta = -0.29). Peritraumatic dissociation was due to the patient's sense of threat to life (beta = -0.47), and threat was related to Injury Severity Score (beta = 0.2), assault(beta = 0.14), education (beta = -0.15), and age (beta = -0.19). Baseline SF36 mental health was related to social support (beta = 0.27) and income (beta = 0.21). Income was contingent on education (beta = 0.21). CONCLUSION PTSD occurred in 42.3% of injured adults 6 months after trauma and was related to assault, dissociation, female gender, youth, poor mental health, and prior illness. By modeling PTSD, we may learn more of the etiology, risk stratification, and potentials for the treatment of this common and important morbidity of injury.
Integration of Demand Response and Photovoltaic Resources in Residential Segments

The development of renewable sources in residential segments is basic to achieve a sustainable energy scenario in the horizon 2030–2050 because these segments explain around 25% of the final energy consumption. Demand Response and its effective coordination with renewable are additional concerns for residential segments. This paper deals with two problems: the demonstration of cost-effectiveness of renewables in three different scenarios, and the application of the flexibility of demand, performing as energy storage systems, to efficiently manage the generation of renewable sources while improving benefits and avoiding penalties for the customer. A residential customer in Spain has been used as example. The work combines the use of a commercial simulator to obtain photovoltaic generation, the monitoring of customer to obtain demand patterns, and the development of a Physically-Based Model to evaluate the capability of demand to follow self-generation. As a main result, the integration of models (load/generation), neglected in practice in other approaches in the literature, allows customers to improve revenue up to 20% and reach a basic but important knowledge on how they can modify the demand, development of new skills and, in this way, learn how to deal with the characteristics and limitations of both Demand and Generation when a customer becomes a prosumer. This synergy amongst demand and generation physically-based models boosts the possibilities of customers in electricity markets.
The debate on the economic effects of minimum wage legislation

The minimum wage establishment has its origin in the first third of the last century. Since its creation has been a focus of continuing controversy and an unfinished debate on economics field. This work reviews the effects of the minimum wage on employment and other macroeconomic variables, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The method is based on the revision of the literature and the main economic indicators. The central contribution of this paper is providing a general reflection on theoretical and empirical analysis about the debate on minimum wage and its effects. The results showed that some labor policies are taking account the effects of austerity strategies, shifting the attention towards the implementation of minimum wages or their updating, in order to reduce the growing inequalities in the distribution of income, and even poverty levels.
An examination of stress and burnout in certified athletic trainers at division I-a universities.

OBJECTIVE A growing body of knowledge indicates that too much stress can negatively influence psychological and physical health. A model proposed by Smith to explore personal and situational variables, stress appraisal, and burnout has led to significant understanding of burnout of individuals working in service professions. We examined the relationship of hardiness, social support, and work-related issues relevant to athletic trainers to perceived stress and the relationship of perceived stress to burnout. DESIGN AND SETTING Correlational analyses were performed to examine the relationships predicted by Smith's model. In addition, we conducted stepwise multiple regression analyses to assess the relative contributions of the personal and situational variables to perceived stress and to examine the relative impact of perceived stress on 3 burnout factors (emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization). SUBJECTS One hundred eighteen certified athletic trainers working in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I-A intercollegiate settings that maintain a football program. MEASUREMENTS We assessed personal and situational variables using the Hardiness Test, the Social Support Questionnaire, and the Athletic Training Issues Survey, adapted for this study. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess stress appraisal, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess 3 dimensions of burnout. RESULTS Our results were in support of Smith's theoretical model of stress and burnout. Athletic trainers who scored lower on hardiness and social support and higher on athletic training issues tended to have higher levels of perceived stress. Furthermore, higher perceived stress scores were related to higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and lower levels of personal accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings examining burnout in Division I athletic trainers were similar to those of other studies investigating coaches and coach-teachers and in support of Smith's theoretical model of stress and burnout.
Worst headache and subarachnoid hemorrhage: prospective, modern computed tomography and spinal fluid analysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE This study investigated the hypothesis that modern computed tomographic (CT) imaging is sufficient to exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients with severe headache. METHODS All 38,730 adult patients who presented to Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas, during a 16-month period were prospectively screened to detect those with "the worst headache of my life. " Two neuroradiologists blinded to the study hypothesis interpreted the CT scans. Patients with negative scans underwent comprehensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis including cell count in first and last tubes, visual and spectrophotometric detection of xanthochromia, and CSF D-dimer assay. RESULTS A chief complaint of headache was elicited in 455 patients, and 107 of these had "worst headache" and were enrolled in the study. CT-confirmed SAH was found in 18 of the 107 (17%). Only 2 patients (2.5%, 95% confidence interval, .3% to 8.8%) had SAH detected by CSF analysis among those with negative CT imaging result. CSF spectrophotometric detection was the most sensitive test for blood. Three patients with less than 6 red blood cells in tube 1 had positive spectrophotometric results, but in all 3, tube 4 was negative on spectrophotometric analysis, suggesting a high false-positive rate. CONCLUSION Modern CT imaging is sufficient to exclude 97.5% of SAH in patients presenting to the ED with "worst headache" symptoms.
Cone Structure in Subjects with Known Genetic Relative Risk for AMD

Purpose Utilize high-resolution imaging to examine retinal anatomy in patients with known genetic relative risk (RR) for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Forty asymptomatic subjects were recruited (9 men, 31 women; age range, 51 to 69 years; mean age, 61.4 years). Comprehensive eye examination, fundus photography, and high-resolution retinal imaging using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics were performed on each patient. Genetic RR scores were developed using an age-independent algorithm. Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images were acquired in the macula extending to 10 degrees temporal and superior from fixation and were used to calculate cone density in up to 35 locations for each subject. Results Relative risk was not significantly predictive of fundus grade (p = 0.98). Only patients with a high RR displayed drusen on Cirrus or Bioptigen OCT. Compared to an eye with a grade of 0, an eye with a fundus grade equal to or greater than 1 had a 12% decrease in density (p < 0.0001) and a 5% increase in spacing (p = 0.0014). No association between genetic RR and either cone density (p = 0.435) or spacing (p = 0.538) was found. Three distinct adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope phenotypical variations of photoreceptor appearance were noted in patients with grade 1 to 3 fundi. These included variable reflectivity of photoreceptors, decreased waveguiding, and altered photoreceptor mosaic overlying drusen. Conclusions Our data demonstrate the potential of multimodal assessment in the understanding of early anatomical changes associated with AMD. Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope imaging reveals a decrease in photoreceptor density and increased spacing in patients with grade 1 to 3 fundi, as well as a spectrum of photoreceptor changes, ranging from variability in reflectivity to decreased density. Future longitudinal studies are needed in genetically characterized subjects to assess the significance of these findings with respect to the development and progression of AMD.
Effects of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Low Birth Weight in Omani Infants: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain and low birth weight (LBW) in babies born to a sample population of Omani women. METHODS A case-control study was carried out among deliveries registered between 1(st) May 2010 and 30(th) April 2011 at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. A case was defined as a woman who delivered a low birth weight baby (<2,500 g); a control was a woman delivering a baby weighing between 2,500 and 4,000 g. A random selection of 150 cases and 300 controls was carried out using the hospital information system. Maternal, pre-natal, and delivery data were extracted from the mothers' follow-up cards. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were executed to examine the association between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and LBW. RESULTS The percentage of underweight mothers (BMI <18.5) was higher among the cases compared to the controls (17.3% versus 6%; P <0.001). The proportion of mothers with less-than-recommended weight gain was also higher among the cases compared to the controls (57.7% versus 33%; P <0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, infants of underweight mothers had more than twice the risk of LBW compared to those of mothers with normal weight (odds ratio = 2.27; 95% confidence interval 1.09-4.71). CONCLUSION Underweight Omani women as well as women with less-than-recommended gestational weight gain were at higher risk of delivering LBW babies. Maternal health promotion programmes should be directed towards improving mothers' nutrition before and during pregnancies.
Sources of presumptive glutamatergic/aspartatergic afferents to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the rat

The distribution of presumptive glutamatergic and/or aspartatergic neurons retrogradely labeled following injections of 3HD‐aspartate into the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) in the rat was compared to the distribution of neurons labeled by comparable injections of the nonspecific retrograde tracer wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP). Cells retrogradely labeled by WGA‐HRP were found in the prefrontal and agranular insular cortices; in forebrain structures such as the amygdaloid complex, the piriform cortex, the ventral pallidum and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus; and in several different parts of the brainstem, such as the superior colliculus, central grey, and substantia nigra, pars reticulata.
Mobile learning adoption for tourism education in a developing country

Since developing countries are gradually introducing mobile-based tourism education, it is a growing demand to understand the students’ intention to adopt mobile learning. The study used partial least squares-based structural equation modelling to analyse survey data from 176 questionnaires at three tourism education institutes in Bangladesh. The study contributes to the theory of planned behaviour by examining the antecedent impact of innovativeness and moderating effect of self-efficacy. Results confirmed innovativeness as a significant antecedent on the attitude–intention relationship; however, the moderating effect of self-efficacy has not been supported. The study has marketing implications for tourism education institutes and government bodies.
The different audiences of science communication: A segmentation analysis of the Swiss population’s perceptions of science and their information and media use patterns

Few studies have assessed whether populations can be divided into segments with different perceptions of science. We provide such an analysis and assess whether these segments exhibit specific patterns of media and information use. Based on representative survey data from Switzerland, we use latent class analysis to reconstruct four segments: the “Sciencephiles,” with strong interest for science, extensive knowledge, and a pronounced belief in its potential, who use a variety of sources intensively; the “Critically Interested,” also with strong interest and support for science but with less trust in it, who use similar sources but are more cautious toward them; the “Passive Supporters” with moderate levels of interest, trust, and knowledge and tempered perceptions of science, who use fewer sources; and the “Disengaged,” who are not interested in science, do not know much about it, harbor critical views toward it, and encounter it—if at all—mostly through television.
Combined SSCP and heteroduplex analysis of the human plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform 1 in patients with essential hypertension.

In recent theories concerning the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, altered calcium homeostasis plays an important role. Increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels have repeatedly been reported in different cell types of hypertensive subjects. In vascular smooth muscle cells the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) represents the most important Ca(2+)-ejection system. Modifications of this pump therefore have been assumed to increase contractile tone of small vessels. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine if genetic alterations in the hPMCA1 gene might be associated with arterial hypertension. For detection of polymorphisms all 22 PMCA1 exons from 44 patients with essential hypertension (based on rigorous clinical data in addition to a positive family history) and from 40 normotensives without a family history of hypertension were PCR amplified and subsequently subjected to combined single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex (HTX) analysis. Despite the high sensitivity of almost 100%, differences could not be identified between hypertensives and normotensives within the two groups. These data indicate that at least in this population PMCA1 polymorphisms are presumably not related to common forms of essential hypertension. Furthermore, the high degree of evolutionary conservation of the PMCA1 gene underlines the pivotal role of this ATPase for cell physiology.
Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in utility workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11, 2001

Background: Recent attention has begun to be focused on the effects of disaster recovery work on nonrescue workers. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related symptoms in a population of utility workers deployed to the World Trade Center (WTC) site in the aftermath of 9/11. Methods: Utility workers deployed to the WTC site were screened at their place of employment between 10 and 34 months following the WTC attacks, utilizing both structured interviews and self‐report measures. PTSD symptoms were assessed by the CAPS and the PCL; co‐morbid disorders were also assessed. 2,960 individuals with complete CAPS and PCL data were included in the analyses. Results: Eight percent of participants had symptoms consistent with full PTSD, 9.3% with subthreshold PTSD, 6% with MDD, 3.5% with GAD, and 2.5% with panic disorder. Although risk factors included psychiatric and trauma history, 51% of individuals with probable PTSD had neither; subjective perception of threat to one's life was the best predictor of probable PTSD. Extent of exposure predicted 89% of PTSD cases in those without a psychiatric or trauma history, but only 67% of cases among those with both. Conclusions: Nonrescue workers deployed to a disaster site are at risk for PTSD and depression. Extent of exposure affected the most vulnerable workers differently than the least vulnerable ones. These results suggest that the relationship among predictors of PTSD may be different for different vulnerability groups, and underscore the importance of screening, education, and prevention programs for disaster workers. Depression and Anxiety 28:210–217, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birch pollen rupture and the release of aerosols of respirable allergens

Backgound Birch pollen allergens have been implicated as asthma triggers; however, pollen grains are too large to reach the lower airways where asthmatic reactions occur. Respirable‐sized particles containing birch pollen allergens have been detected in air filters, especially after rainfall but the source of these particles has remained speculative.