Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Australians' Perceptions Of Controversial Scientific Research

This research examines perceptions of stem cell research among a representative sample of 1013 Australians and five focus groups. The results suggest that the majority of Australians were comfortable with the research using adult cells, but were not comfortable with scientists using cells created by cloning. The sample was however divided in relation to the use of embryonic stem cells. The use of structural equation modelling found that this division was strongly associated with the level of social trust in the scientific organisations conducting the research via anti-intellectual beliefs and the perceived value of science. Higher comfort was demonstrated among those with higher levels of social trust because of a commitment to the intellectual freedom of science and a perception that the products of science are valuable. Religious individuals were less likely to support stem cell research due to stronger antiintellectual beliefs, but demonstrated similar levels of social trust and beliefs in the value of science to the non-religious. Finally, among both religious and non-religious groups, support for stem cell research was found to be much less likely if conducted in private compared to publicly funded organisations. The implications of the results for the perception of science are discussed, as well as the consequences for social trust if the increasing move towards tying scientific enquiry to private rather than public interests continues.
Ca II 8542 \AA\ brightenings induced by a solar microflare

We study small-scale brightenings in Ca II 8542 \AA\ line-core images to determine their nature and effect on localized heating and mass transfer in active regions. High-resolution 2D spectroscopic observations of an active region in the Ca II 8542 \AA\ line were acquired with the GFPI attached to the 1.5-meter GREGOR telescope. Inversions of the spectra were carried out using NICOLE. We identified three brightenings of sizes up to 2"x2". We found evidence that the brightenings belonged to the footpoints of a microflare (MF). The properties of the observed brightenings disqualified the scenarios of Ellerman bombs or IRIS bombs. However, this MF shared some common properties with flaring active-region fibrils or flaring arch filaments (FAFs): (1) FAFs and MFs are both apparent in chromospheric and coronal layers according to the AIA channels, and (2) both show flaring arches with lifetimes of about 3.0-3.5 min and lengths of about 20". The inversions revealed heating by 600 K at the footpoint location in the ambient chromosphere during the impulsive phase. Connecting the footpoints, a dark filamentary structure appeared in the Ca II line-core images. Before the start of the MF, the spectra of this structure already indicated average blueshifts, meaning upward motions of the plasma along the LOS. During the impulsive phase, these velocities increased up to -2.2 km/s. Downflows dominated at the footpoints. However, in the upper photosphere, slight upflows occurred during the impulsive phase. Hence, bidirectional flows are present in the footpoints of the MF. Conclusions: We detected Ca II brightenings that coincided with the footpoint location of an MF. The MF event led to a rise of plasma in the upper photosphere, both before and during the impulsive phase. Excess mass, previously raised to at most chromospheric layers, slowly drained downward along arches toward the footpoints of the MF.
PRICE ASYMMETRY IN SPATIAL FED CATTLE MARKETS

Price asymmetry in spatial fed cattle markets is investigated for three large markets (Texas Panhandle, Nebraska, and Colorado) and one small market (Utah). Little support is found for the notion that equilibrium prices for fed cattle are asymmetric between locations. However, adjustments to price increases and price decreases occur at different speeds.
Innovation and Change in the Process of Alliance Formation in the Japanese Electronics Industry

This paper examines the changing process of strategic alliance formation in the Japanese electronics industry between 1985 and 1998. With data on 128 Japanese electronics/electrical machinery makers, we use a dyad panel regression methodology to address a series of hypotheses drawn from embeddedness and strong/weak tie theory on how keiretsu and prior alliance networks have constrained partner choice in new R&D and nonR&D alliances. We argue and find that the keiretsu effect is smaller on R&D than nonR&D alliances, and that this is truer of the "weaker-tie" horizontal keiretsu than the "stronger-tie" vertical keiretsu. Dividing our time series into four periods (1984-88, 89-90, 91-94, 95-98), however, reveals some important variations in the keiretsu role over time. The horizontal and vertical keiretsu effects on R&D alliances had vanished by 1991-94 (the post-bubble recession era), but they continued in the nonR&D case, in part, we believe, because these provided a means of reducing costs and capacity in a stringent macroeconomic environment. Following previous strategic alliance research, we further examine how the prior alliance network conditioned strategic alliance formation in Japanese electronics and how those patterns varied over time. The data suggest that, as the strategic alliance founding process became "disembedded" from Japan's legacy keiretsu networks, it was driven increasingly by prior direct and indirect alliance ties.
The outcome of modified Dunn's procedure for moderate and severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of 20 children with moderate-severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) with open physes, treated by the modiﬁed Dunn's procedure, as regards: intraoperative findings, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and postoperative complication rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was executed , between 2012 and 2016, for treating moderate-severe SCFE with modified Dunn procedure in 20 hips of 20 patients, with a mean age of 13.6 ± 3.4 years (range: 10 – 16.5 years). Seven cases were unstable SCFE. We excluded mild SCFE, endocrinopathy and renal cases. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 19 ± 9.2 months (range: 12 - 36 months). Radiologically . all parameters showed significant improvement; with the mean slip angle corrected from 61o± 14.4 preoperatively to 10o±10.1 postoperatively, the mean alpha angle corrected from 90.2±21o preoperatively to 49.1± 8o postoperatively and the mean femoral neck length difference was 8.1 ± 6 mm. Functionally , the mean Harris hip score (HHS) was 86.2 ± 9.6 and the Heyman and Herndon score was excellent-good in 15 cases (75%), fair in two, poor in two and failed in one. Postoperative major complications occurred in only two cases (10%); AVN in one and secondary FAI in another case
A Template Analysis of Teacher Agency at an Academically Successful Dual Language School

Mainstream models of bilingual education view English language learners (ELLs) from a deficiency perspective and engage in the practice of subtractive schooling, which strips the learner of cultural capital that could benefit him or her in terms of educational achievement. Conversely, the dual-language (DL) model is additive in nature, seeking to add English to the student's body of knowledge while at the same time maintaining the first language. Evidence suggests that DL programs have the potential to foster both significant academic achievement and increased cultural awareness in the students they serve. Moreover, researchers have found a pervasive “culture of intellectualism” present in schools with effective DL programs. This culture is characterized by active engagement in learning, including the free exchange of ideas and the promotion of higher order thinking skills. As such, DL programs offer both language-majority and language-minority learners the opportunity to reach advanced levels of academic achievement. As with any educational program, teachers play a crucial role in the success or failure of these programs. Thus, successful DL teachers must draw from a variety of sources to make decisions about instruction in their classrooms. By building on Bandura's theory of human agency and applying it specifically to DL teachers, these findings can be used to inform the successful implementation and maintenance of new DL programs.
Detection of horizontal air showers and neutrino induced showers with the pierre auger observatory

El descubrimiento del origen, composicion y espectro energetico de los rayos cosmicos con energias superiores a 10 EeV representa actualmente uno de los mayores retos para la Fisica de Astroparticulas, Dentro de este estudio, la deteccion de neutrinos cosmicos tiene un especial interes pues estas particulas proporcionan una ventana unica al conocimiento del origen de los rayos cosmicos, pues pueden viajar distancias cosmologicas desde las fuentes donde se originaron hasta la tierra sin interaccionar ni desviar sus trayectorias. El experimento de rayos cosmicos Pierre Auger nace con el fin de estudiar los rayos cosmicos de muy alta energia incrementando la estadistica obtenida en previos experimentos. Se trata de un detector hibrido en el que se combinan dos tecnicas diferentes de deteccion de las cascadas de particulas originadas en la atmosfera tras la interaccion de un rayo cosmico con un atomo atmosferico: una red de detectores de superficie tipo Cherenkov en agua y telescopios de fluorescencia. La deteccion de cascadas con un angulo cenital de llegada mayor que 60 deg, denominadas cascadas horizontales o inclinadas, juega un papel importante en el experimento. Una cascada horizontal originada por un rayo cosmico barionico llega al suelo como un frente de muones acompanado por un halo electromagnetico, pues la componente electromagnetica ha sido absorbida en la atmosfera. Estas cascadas constituyen el fondo mas importante para la deteccion de cascadas inducidas por neutrinos, pues estas particulas debido a su pequena seccion eficaz pueden originar cascadas inclinadas a gran profundidad en la atmosfera que estan caracterizadas por una importante componente electromagnetica en el suelo. El trabajo desarrollado en esta tesis esta enmarcado dentro del estudio de cascadas horizontales con el detector de superficie del Observatorio Pierre Auger y en la capacidad de dicho detector para detectar e identificar cascadas inducidas
Comparative analysis of effectiveness and safety of phyto- and antibiotic therapy of acute bronchitis in children: results of a multicenter double blind randomized clinical trial

G.A. Novik, O.P. Kovtun, N.I. Averyanova, A.N. Galustyan, N.A. Ilyenkova, A.I. Safina, Y.V. Lobzin, M.A. Snovskaya 1 Scientific Center of Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation 2 Kemerovo State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation 3 Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation 4 Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation 5 Wagner Perm State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation 6 Territorial clinical hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation 7 Kazan State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation 8 Research institute of pediatric infections of the Federal Biomedical Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
The Psychological Impact of Industrial Strikes: Does Involvement in Union Activity during Strikes make a Difference?

The current study investigated the psychological impact of a United Steelworkers of America strike on the steelworkers involved, and the relationship between psychological well-being and individuals' levels of involvement in union activity during the strike. Three hundred and fifty-one steelworkers (302 `strikers' and 49 `non-strikers') completed surveys measuring a range of demographic and psychological well-being variables. Strikers, compared to non-strikers, reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and irritation, and lower levels of mental health. For strikers, engaging in higher levels of union activity during the strike was associated with better psychological well-being. Jahoda's theory of deprivation during unemployment is used as the lens through which to explain some of the results, supporting the view that latent benefits associated with work are important for psychological well-being. A range of practical implications are offered for unions and their members.
Conscious Intentions: Do We Need a Creation Myth?

We experience ourselves as agents, performing goal-directed actions in the world. In her paper about Conscious Intentions: The social creation myth Pacherie develops a creation myth about the function of conscious intentions, based on her hierarchical concept of individual motor actions and joint action. In this creation myth, conscious intentions are not understood as internal mental states with a teleofunctional role. Having a conscious intention exerts a specific contribution to motor control and conscious intentions might have a potential causal power in this myth. In this commentary I want to postulate, that Pacherie ’s social creation myth is more than a myth but rather the search for an explanation of the function of conscious intentions in the physical world. It tries to explain the feature of the intention being conscious that endows it with its particular causal function. Yet — speaking about a causal function — the potential analytical and neuroscientific limitations of a causal function of conscious intentions in the social creation myth have to be analysed with regard to the argument of causal closure and results of experimental approaches to the causal relevance of conscious intentions. I argue that despite these limitations the social creation myth could be an important step on the way of finding an explanation about the function of conscious intentions, if the question about the function of conscious intentions is slightly adjusted and is not understood in a strictly causal way.
Experimental characterisation and modelling of the thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of steel AISI 304 within wide ranges of strain rate at room temperature

In this investigation, thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of austenitic steel AISI 304 has been characterised in tension under wide ranges of strain rate at room temperature. This metal possesses an elevated strain hardening rate and ductility which enhance its capability for absorbing energy under mechanical loading. It has been observed that the rate sensitivity of the material is independent of plastic strain. Moreover, it has been noticed that beyond a certain level of loading rate the flow stress of the material sharply increases. In agreement with experimental evidences reported in the literature, this behaviour is assumed to be caused by the drag deformation mode taking place at high strain rates. Based on such considerations, the thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of the material has been macroscopically modelled by means of the extended Rusinek-Klepaczko model to viscous drag effects. Satisfactory matching has been found between the experiments and analytical predictions provided by the constitutive relation.
Performance of forage tree species under nursery conditions.

The performance of 60 tree accessions was studied under nursery conditions, with the objective of characterizing forage trees and shrubs and further evaluating the possible variations among species. According to the main component analysis there was a high variability (36%) in the first component and the indicators initial height, stem diameter, height 90 days after planting and pest incidence contributed to it. In addition, a good part of this percentage was also explained by the contribution of diseases (plane CP1-CP3). From the six groups formed, IV and VI (L. longistylus, Schizolobium sp., M. nigra and T. gigantea) showed 63% positive contribution of the variables; while the accessions in group I were the less outstanding. Germination, survival and stem diameter were concluded to have high influence on the development of seedlings in the nursery stage, for which, together with the indicator plant height, they should be taken into consideration to determine the optimum moment of transplantation. L. longistylus, Schizolobium sp. , M. nigra and T. gigantea were the most outstanding species regarding the studied characters.
Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Bark, Root, Leaves and Fruits of Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bark, stem, root, leaf and fruit extracts from Terminalia arjuna on selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. Aqueous extracts were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. Phytochemical extracts from different parts of the plant exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against tested microbial strains; however, inhibitory activities of the extracts were plant part and test organism dependent. Phytochemical extracts limited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacterial species tested however, Micrococcus luteus was less sensitive to the aqueous extracts. The results show that antimicrobial activity of phytochemical extracts of T. arjuna were concentration dependent (1.0 mg/disc and 5.0 mg/disc) on the bacterial strains tested. Further, the results depicts that bark extracts of T. arjuna could be used as a potential source of antimicrobial agents against the bacterial strains tested.
A Comparative Analysis of Augmented Reality Frameworks Aimed at the Development of Educational Applications

This paper aims to analyze the existing frameworks that may allow the development of educational solutions using augmented reality resources, focusing on tools that enable the conception, design and implementation of mobile applications. As a result of this research, several development environments available on the market that facilitate working with augmented reality elements in mobile devices were discovered and examined. Among these platforms, eleven were selected to be analysed and presented in this paper. These were tested and compared to one another, and their main characteristics were indicated in a comparative table, as well as their resources that hold the potential to contribute with the construction of educational applications. All of this in favor of easing the development of applications that may assist educators in introducing augmented reality technologies in their classrooms.
Evaluating Company's Maintenance Strategy Effectiveness by Maintenance Improvement Index - A Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to present development of a methodology for identifying improvement areas and supporting decision making process in the field of maintenance; an index for measuring the performance level of different maintenance approaches is proposed. Empirical data for this case study was drawn from a Slovenian textile company. The results of this study indicate that from respondents' points of view, maintenance practices related to condition-based maintenance approach represent the highest opportunity for improvements in this company. Further, this study provides key insights for managers to evaluate maintenance approaches, and to identify potential areas for improvements. In this regard, companies can gain a better understanding of how to measure and diagnose the effectiveness of the selected (implemented) maintenance strategy. As such, the presented work provides an intuitive and simple approach to identify the areas where a company effectively deploys its resources, and those areas that need more attention. Presented approach therefore represents an effective way of selecting areas for improvements for companies searching an approach how to improve effectiveness of maintenance strategy, and therefore company's competitiveness.
Fertilization success in Galeolaria caespitosa ( Polychaeta : Serpulidae ) : gamete characteristics , role of sperm dilution , gamete age , and contact time

Variability in gamete traits and the factors affecting fertilization success were studied in a common gregarious broadcast-spawning serpulid polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa. Variability of egg size and sperm velocity were not related to the adult size. High sperm concentrations (107-108 sperm. ml-1) were required to achieve fertilization rates of 60-80%. The gamete contact time required to achieve high fertilization rates (70-80%) in G. caespitosa did not exceed 5 minutes of gamete exposure given sufficiently high sperm concentrations. This suggests that attachment of sperm to the egg takes place very rapidly, and a short-term exposure to highly concentrated sperm is a common feature of fertilization ecology of this gregarious species. A sharp decline in fertilization rates at high sperm concentrations usually attributable to polyspermy was not observed. Sperm were motile for up to 6 hours after activation; however, swimming velocity and fertilization success decreased after 2 hours. Eggs of G. caespitosa were fertilizable up to 10 hours after spawning, but the number of embryos resulting from fertilizations by fresh sperm decreased after 2 hours. The gamete traits of G. caespitosa appear to have evolved to enable this sessile organism to reproduce under conditions of high population density and increased risk of polyspermy.
A multiwavelength view of cooling versus AGN heating in the X-ray luminous cool-core of Abell 3581

We report the results of a multiwavelength study of the nearby galaxy group, Abell 3581 (z = 0.0218). This system hosts the most luminous cool core of any nearby group and exhibits active radio mode feedback from the supermassive black hole in its brightest group galaxy, IC 4374. The brightest galaxy has suffered multiple active galactic nucleus outbursts, blowing bubbles into the surrounding hot gas, which have resulted in the uplift of cool ionized gas into the surrounding hot intragroup medium. High velocities, indicative of an outflow, are observed close to the nucleus and coincident with the radio jet. Thin dusty filaments accompany the uplifted, ionized gas. No extended star formation is observed; however, a young cluster is detected just north of the nucleus. The direction of rise of the bubbles has changed between outbursts. This directional change is likely due to sloshing motions of the intragroup medium. These sloshing motions also appear to be actively stripping the X-ray cool core, as indicated by a spiralling cold front of high-metallicity, low-temperature, low entropy gas.
Daylight and health: A review of the evidence and consequences for the built environment

Daylight has been associated with multiple health advantages. Some of these claims are associations, hypotheses or beliefs. This review presents an overview of a scientific literature search on the proven effects of daylight exposure on human health. Studies were identified with a search strategy across two main databases. Additionally, a search was performed based on specific health effects. The results are diverse and either physiological or psychological. A rather limited statistically significant and well-documented scientific proof for the association between daylight and its potential health consequences was found. However, the search based on specific health terms made it possible to create a first subdivision of associations with daylight, leading to the first practical implementations for building design.