Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General bootstrap for dual phi-divergence estimates

A general notion of bootstrapped $\phi$-divergence estimates constructed by exchangeably weighting sample is introduced. Asymptotic properties of these generalized bootstrapped $\phi$-divergence estimates are obtained, by mean of the empirical process theory, which are applied to construct the bootstrap confidence set with asymptotically correct coverage probability. Some of practical problems are discussed, including in particular, the choice of escort parameter and several examples of divergences are investigated. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed estimators.
Hippocampal serotonin‐1A receptor function in a mouse model of anxiety induced by long‐term voluntary wheel running

We have recently demonstrated that, in C57/Bl6 mice, long‐term voluntary wheel running is anxiogenic, and focal hippocampal irradiation prevents the increase in anxiety‐like behaviors and neurobiological changes in the hippocampus induced by wheel running. Evidence supports a role of hippocampal 5‐HT1A receptors in anxiety. Therefore, we investigated hippocampal binding and function of 5‐HT1A receptors in this mouse model of anxiety. Four weeks of voluntary wheel running resulted in hippocampal subregion‐specific changes in 5‐HT1A receptor binding sites and function, as measured by autoradiography of [3H] 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin binding and agonist‐stimulated binding of [35S]GTPγS to G proteins, respectively. In the dorsal CA1 region, 5‐HT1A receptor binding and function were not altered by wheel running or irradiation. In the dorsal dentate gyrus and CA2/3 region, 5‐HT1A receptor function was decreased by not only running but also irradiation. In the ventral pyramidal layer, wheel running resulted in a decrease of 5‐HT1A receptor function, which was prevented by irradiation. Neither irradiation nor wheel running affected 5‐HT1A receptors in medial prefrontal cortex or in the dorsal or median raphe nuclei. Our data indicate that downregulation of 5‐HT1A receptor function in ventral pyramidal layer may play a role in anxiety‐like behavior induced by wheel running. Synapse 67:648–655, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long-term effects of brief substance use interventions for mandated college students: sleeper effects of an in-person personal feedback intervention.

BACKGROUND It is known that brief interventions for mandated college students decrease alcohol use and/or related problems in the short term. However, none of the existing studies has followed students' past 6 months. Therefore, we compared the long-term efficacy of 2 brief substance use feedback interventions for mandated college students. METHODS We followed up mandated students (N=348) who were randomly assigned to either a brief motivational interview (BMI; n=180) or a written feedback-only (WF; n=168) intervention at 4 months and 15 months postintervention. RESULTS Long-term follow-up data revealed that students, at the aggregate level, decreased their peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels, number of drinks per week, and number of alcohol-related problems at 15 months postintervention compared with their baseline levels. With the exception of peak BAC, the observed long-term reduction was mainly due to the positive change among students who received the BMI intervention. Students in the BMI intervention showed significantly lower levels of alcohol-related problems at 15 months than those in the WF intervention. The BMI intervention more effectively reduced within-individual alcohol-related problems during the initial 4 months, and more successfully curbed the subsequent increase in alcohol use frequency and number of drinks per week during the 11 months between the 2 follow-up assessments. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that brief substance use interventions reduce the riskiest type of alcohol use (e.g., peak BAC) among mandated college students over the long term, and that sleeper effects of in-person personal feedback interventions (PFIs) exist. In-person PFIs in the context of a motivational interview may be more efficacious in the long term than written feedback-only interventions for mandated students. Future studies comparing interventions for college students should extend follow-up for longer periods of time.
The Prognostic Spectrum of Left Main Stenosis

SUMMARY Three-year survival for 163 consecutive medically treated patients with 50% or greater left main stenosis was 50%. Survival was significantly higher for patients with 50 to 70% left main stenosis (one and three-year survivals of 91% and 66%) than for patients with 70%o or greater left main stenosis (one and three-year survivals of 72% and 41%). In fact, left main lesions of less than 70% were not associated with the increased risk usually attributed to patients with left main stenosis. A number of noninvasive and catheterization characteristics were significant predictors of survival for patients with 70% or greater left main stenosis. Noninvasive descriptors defined a low risk subgroup (one and three-year survivals of 97% and 74%) and a high risk subgroup (one- and three-year survivals of 59%o and 25%). These observations have important implications both in assessing therapeutic interventions and in managing individual patients.
Different Effects of Concentric and Eccentric Muscle Actions on Plasma Volume

The effects of concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions on A plasma volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and lactate in responses to protocols in different body positions were investigated. CON or ECC contractions were performed in either a single-exercise (6 sets of 12 repetitions of leg extensions completed at 80% of 12 repetition maximum [12RM] with 3-minute rest periods) or multiexercise (4 sets of 10 repetitions for both CON and ECC trials of bench press, leg extension, military press, and leg curl at 80% of 10RM with 90-second rest periods) protocols. HR and lactate increased significantly for both protocols from pre- to postexercise for CON but not ECC trials. APV was greater following both CON single-exercise (−11.48 ± 1.38%) and multiexercise (−4.64 ± 0.33%) trials vs. ECC single-exercise (−1.62 ± 1.69%) and multiexercise (−1.26 ± 1.20) trials. Data demonstrate ECC exercise in response to single and multiexercise protocols at the same absolute workload as CON exercise produces less cardiovascular stress.
The Effect of Teaching Collocations on the Students’ Perceptions toward Language Learning

Knowledge of collocation is fundamental for both receptive and productive use of the language. Collocation is often regarded as insurmountable obstacle to the attainment of native-like fluency. In other words, collocation skill has often been used to differentiate native and non-native speakers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching collocation on the students’ attitudes toward language learning in the classroom. To enhance both oral reading and speaking fluency, the researcher uses the repeated reading method to check the participants’ productive performance. In addition, the participants are introduced and taught to use the online language database during the learning process. The results indicate that the participants hold positive attitudes toward the explicit teaching of collocations. The analyzed data reveal that the participants’ language performance has been siginificantly affected by the instruction of collocations. The participants also express that they feel more confident and motivated to acquire accurate and native-like competence.
Novel mitochondrial mutation in the ND4 gene associated with Leigh syndrome

We analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of a 3‐month‐old female child with basal ganglionic lesions and other clinical features suggestive of Leigh syndrome, which is caused by variations in mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Our study revealed a novel, homoplasmic T11984C missense mutation in ND4 gene, which replaces a highly conserved amino acid tyrosine with histidine. Computational analysis showed that this mutation alters the secondary structure of ND4 subunit. As the mutation observed in this study was novel and homoplasmic, we speculate that there could be interplay of this mitochondrial mutation along with nuclear gene(s) in the pathogenesis.
Semilinear integro-differential equations, II: one-dimensional and saddle-shaped solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation

This paper, which is the follow-up to part I, concerns saddle-shaped solutions to the semilinear equation $L_K u = f(u)$ in $\mathbb{R}^{2m}$, where $L_K$ is a linear elliptic integro-differential operator with a radially symmetric kernel and $f$ is of Allen-Cahn type. Saddle-shaped solutions are doubly radial, odd with respect to the Simons cone $\{(x', x'') \in \mathbb{R}^m \times \mathbb{R}^m \, : \, |x'| = |x''|\}$, and vanish only in this set. Following the setting established in part I for doubly radial odd functions, we show existence, asymptotic behavior, and uniqueness of the saddle-shaped solution. For this, we prove, among others, a Liouville type result, the one-dimensional symmetry of positive solutions to semilinear problems in a half-space, and maximum principles in "narrow" sets.
Probabilistic Air Segmentation and Sparse Regression Estimated Pseudo CT for PET/MR Attenuation Correction.

PURPOSE To develop a positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction method for brain PET/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by estimating pseudo computed tomographic (CT) images from T1-weighted MR and atlas CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this institutional review board-approved and HIPAA-compliant study, PET/MR/CT images were acquired in 20 subjects after obtaining written consent. A probabilistic air segmentation and sparse regression (PASSR) method was developed for pseudo CT estimation. Air segmentation was performed with assistance from a probabilistic air map. For nonair regions, the pseudo CT numbers were estimated via sparse regression by using atlas MR patches. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) on PET images was computed as the normalized mean absolute difference in PET signal intensity between a method and the reference standard continuous CT attenuation correction method. Friedman analysis of variance and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests were performed for statistical comparison of MAPE between the PASSR method and Dixon segmentation, CT segmentation, and population averaged CT atlas (mean atlas) methods. RESULTS The PASSR method yielded a mean MAPE ± standard deviation of 2.42% ± 1.0, 3.28% ± 0.93, and 2.16% ± 1.75, respectively, in the whole brain, gray matter, and white matter, which were significantly lower than the Dixon, CT segmentation, and mean atlas values (P < .01). Moreover, 68.0% ± 16.5, 85.8% ± 12.9, and 96.0% ± 2.5 of whole-brain volume had within ±2%, ±5%, and ±10% percentage error by using PASSR, respectively, which was significantly higher than other methods (P < .01). CONCLUSION PASSR outperformed the Dixon, CT segmentation, and mean atlas methods by reducing PET error owing to attenuation correction.
Comparison of Basic Computer Training Strategies and Their Effects on the Level of Computer Anxiety in Turkish Nursing Students

The ameliorating influence of different teaching strategies on Turkish nursing students' computer-related anxiety was evaluated in this study. Research data were gathered from a Computer Anxiety Scale before the teaching strategies were put into practice on 134 undergraduate nursing students, and again afterward. Two teaching methods, participative and traditional, were used. Before training, only 64.2% of the participative method group had an e-mail address, and 14.9% had a computer at home. The other group was similar. After training, the participative method group scored significantly lower than did the traditional method group (P > .05). We conclude that nursing trainers should prefer participative teaching strategies to effectively reduce computer anxiety. Participative methods also have a positive effect on human and computer interaction.
Relative Intensity Noise of Silicon Hybrid Laser

We theoretically investigate the relative intensity noise (RIN) of a silicon hybrid laser by taking into account two-dimension transverse modes in the hybrid waveguide. It shows that, when only one transverse mode is excited, RIN spectrum of the hybrid laser exhibits a larger peak value at a lower relaxation oscillation (RO) frequency as compared with the case of a conventional multiple-quantum well (MQW) laser with the the same active region design and dimension. In contrast, when two transverse modes are excited, the hybrid laser shows a lower peak value at a higher RO frequency as compared with the MQW laser. The effects of waveguide dimensions, e.g., Si ridge height and IIII-V ridge width on RIN spectra of the hybrid laser are also investigated.
Cohort Profile: The All Our Babies pregnancy cohort (AOB).

Cohort Profile: The All Our Babies pregnancy cohort (AOB) Suzanne C. Tough,* Sheila W. McDonald, Beverly Anne Collisson, Susan A. Graham, Heather Kehler, Dawn Kingston and Karen Benzies Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, Department of Psychology and Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Ensino-Aprendizagem de Ciências e Argumentação: Discussões e Questões Atuais

Normal.dotm 0 0 1 211 1208 - 21 3 1483 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false Normal.dotm 0 0 1 176 937 - 15 3 1237 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false Nos ultimos dez anos, varias pesquisas na area de Ensino de Ciencias relacionadas a tematica argumentacao tem sido publicadas. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma revisao da literatura sobre tais pesquisas, que contempla dois objetivos principais. O primeiro consiste na discussao sobre argumentacao (i) em um contexto mais amplo, no qual recorremos a autores de outros campos do conhecimento para caracteriza-la; e (ii) na ciencia e envolvendo seu consequente papel tanto na aprendizagem de conhecimentos cientificos e sobre ciencia quanto no desenvolvimento de habilidades cientificas. O segundo objetivo consiste na apresentacao de alguns debates e questoes atuais sobre a pesquisa envolvendo argumentacao no Ensino de Ciencias. Mais especificamente, abordamos as relacoes entre argumentacao e modelagem e entre argumentacao e explicacao. Nesse contexto, novas questoes de pesquisa suscitadas a partir de nossa revisao da literatura se relacionam a avaliacao do desenvolvimento das habilidades argumentativas de estudantes e ao ensino explicito versus nao explicito de argumentacao (em especial, ao ensino da distincao entre explicacao e argumentacao).
Course of the fiber pathways to pons from parasensory association areas in the rhesus monkey

The course of the fiber pathways to pons from parasensory association areas in the rhesus monkey was investigated by injection of tritiated amino acids and the technique of autoradiography. Results confirm the projection to pons from parasensory association areas in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and extend these observations to include the posterior parahippocampal gyrus. The findings reveal that the white matter of the posterior limb of the internal capsule above the midpoint of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and at the medical aspect of the lateral geniculate nucleus, comprise common regions through which these corticopontine fibers lead to the basis pontis. The fibers demonstrate a certain degree of topographic organization in the posterior limb of the capsule above the lateral geniculate nucleus and also in the cerebral peduncle. Taken together with previous observations concerning the termination patterns of these associative corticopontine projections, it would appear that the corticopontine system consists of segregated and partially overlapping pathways, which are to some extent distinguishable anatomically at each stage of their trajectory from origin to destination. Furthermore, the existence of a common area through which all parasensory associative input to pons is transmitted suggests that a precisely located lesion in this part of the corticopontocerebellar circuit may disrupt the cerebellar access to higher order information derived from the parasensory associative regions. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Past, present, and future of iodine deficiency disorders in India: Need to look outside the blinkers

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) have been recognized as one of the major nutritional disorders throughout the world affecting 200 million people who are at risk and another 71 million suffering from goiter and other IDDs. These groups of disorders can affect every stage of life, but most vulnerable age group is between 6 and 12 years and these disorders together constitute the single largest preventable cause of brain damage leading to learning disabilities and psychomotor impairment. The existence of endemic goiter in an extensive belt along the southern slopes of the Himalayas, Alps, and Andes has long been described, but consistently high prevalence of IDDs outside the endemic zones and failure to attain goals set by the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program questions the strategy and achievements till date. Therefore, the present article is an attempt to critically examine the program since inception in India.
Quantitative study of antibiotic-induced susceptibility to Clostridium difficile enterocecitis in hamsters

Commonly used antibiotics were compared for their ability to induce Clostridium difficile enterocecitis and death in hamsters. Susceptibility to infection with C. difficile was measured by calculating 50% lethal doses (in CFU) for hamsters for various intervals after antibiotic treatment. Infection occurred after very small doses of C. difficile were given to hamsters treated with clindamycin, ampicillin, flucloxacillin, and cefuroxime; there was little difference between the antibiotics in the degree of susceptibility that they induced. A large difference in the duration of susceptibility was observed, however, with susceptibility being temporary following ampicillin, flucloxacillin, and cefuroxime administration but long-lived following clindamycin administration. A larger dose of ampicillin, multiple doses of ampicillin, and a combination of antibiotics had comparatively small effects on the duration of susceptibility. C. difficile growth and toxin production in in vitro suspensions of cecal contents were found to correlate closely with in vivo hamster infectivity. A persisting loss of colonization resistance following antibiotic treatment may be a type of postantibiotic effect. Although these results cannot be applied directly to humans, they suggest lines of further investigation into how antibiotics may differ in producing risks of C. difficile infection and pseudomembranous colitis in patients.
Utilizing Process Variations for Reference Generation in a Flash ADC

This brief presents an experimental study on how to take advantage of the increasing process variations in nanoscale CMOS technologies to achieve small and low-power high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Particularly, the need for a reference voltage generation network has been eliminated in a 4-bit Flash ADC in 90-nm CMOS, with small-sized comparators. The native comparator offsets, resulting from the process-variation-induced mismatch, are used as the only source of reference levels, and redundancy is used to acquire the desired resolution. The measured performance of the 1.5-GS/s ADC is comparable to traditional state-of-the art ADCs and dissipates 23 mW.
The amount and timing of parent‐adolescent sexual communication as predictors of late adolescent sexual risk‐taking behaviors

This study examined the moderating role of timing of first discussion of sexual intercourse with mothers and fathers on the relationship between the amount of sexual communication and sexual risk‐taking behaviors in late adolescence. Late adolescents (N = 214) completed questionnaire measures regarding the amount and timing of sexual communication with their mothers and fathers. In addition, the participants provided information about their various sexual risk‐taking behaviors. In general, the results suggest that timing of first discussion of sexual intercourse contributes additional variance in several sexually risky behaviors beyond that contributed by the amount of communication with both fathers and mothers. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Risk factors for early readmission among veterans.

This study was undertaken to identify demographic, clinical, and social risk factors for early readmission in the veteran population. Readmissions within 30 days of discharge were considered "early. " A randomly selected 50 percent sample of 6,317 veterans discharged consecutively from one Department of Veterans Affairs medical center (VAMC) was used to build a logistic regression model for early readmission. Of these patients, 22 percent had early readmissions. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of greater magnitude for early readmission (p less than .05) were associated with discharge from a geriatrics/intermediate care bed (OR = 2.75 relative to medical ward), discharge diagnosis of a chronic disease (OR = 2.03-2.67 relative to acute or self-limiting disorders), and two or more surgical procedures performed during the index admission (OR = 1.87 relative to no surgery). Increasing distance from the VA hospital and increasing age also added readmission risk (OR = 1.18 and 1.10, respectively). Length of stay and the social risk factors of marital status and place of disposition were not sufficiently predictive to enter the model. The model was validated successfully on the second 50 percent sample of patients. We conclude that clinical and demographic factors are more predictive of early readmission than are social factors. Early readmission models could be used to improve VA discharge planning and to focus quality assurance and utilization review efforts on providers whose early readmission rates exceed those predicted by the models.
Taxonomic reconsideration of Calamus rivalis Thw. ex Trim. and C. metzianus Schlecht (Arecaceae) through morphometric and molecular analyses

Molecular and morphometric analyses of different Indian and Sri Lankan populations of two rattanspecies� (Calamus rivalisandC. metzianus) were carried out using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA�(RAPD)�markersandmorphologicalcharacters. �MultivariateanalysisofRAPDandmorphologicaldata� failed to separate these populations into two distinct species. RAPDs generated a total of 117 markers with 10 decamer primers, of which 95 percent were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci between populations varied from 26.5 to 68.38, and genetic distance between populations ranged from 0.05 to 0.28. The genetic variation within populations was greater than the variation among populations. Both the RAPD andmorphometricdatasuggesttheexistenceofasinglespecies,� andhenceC. rivaliscanbemergedtoC. metzianus.