Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Relationship between lymph node metastasis and pathologic features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of breast].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between lymph node metastasis and pathologic features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast. METHODS Histopathologic features and status of lymph node metastasis of fifty-one cases of IMPC were studied by microscopic examination, immunohistochemical staining (VEGF-C and VEGFR-3) and analysis of lymphatic vessel density. RESULTS (1) The number of positive lymph nodes in histologic grade II/III IMPCs was significantly higher (mean 12.5) than that in histologic grade I tumors (mean 4.0). (2) The incidence of nodal metastases in IMPCs with lymphocyte infiltration (+)/(++) was significantly higher (27/28, 96.4%) than that in tumors with no or minimal lymphocyte infiltration (-)/(+/-) (14/23, 60.9%), and the number of positive nodes was also higher (mean 14.4) in tumors with lymphocyte infiltration compared with those without (mean 4.6). (3) In IMPCs with histologic grade II/III, the expression of VEGF-C was significantly higher than that of histologic grade I tumors (P = 0.03). VEGF-C expression was in positive correlation with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.006) and lymphatic vessel density (P = 0.009). Lymph node metastasis was also correlated with lymphatic vessel density (P = 0.007). (4) The percentage of IMPC component in the tumor did not correlate with nodal metastasis. The metastatic foci in lymph node were all IMPC or mainly IMPC. (5) Fourteen of twenty-eight cases (14/28, 50%) of IMPC containing ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) were DCIS of micropapillary type. CONCLUSIONS The histologic grade, lymphatic vessel density and lymphocyte infiltration are key histological features that are correlated with lymph node metastasis of IMPC. The expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 may play an important role in the development of lymph node metastasis of IMPC. Micropapillary type DCIS may be the early stage of IMPC.
Current profile of cycling injuries: A retrospective analysis of a trauma centre level 1 in Queensland

One out of 50 injury‐related presentations to an ED is a transport‐related cycling injury. Detailed information about the most frequent mechanism of cycling injuries, sustained injuries and patterns are under‐reported. The objective of this research was to examine the pattern of injuries sustained by cyclists at a level 1 trauma centre.
Indoor Patient Position Estimation Using Particle Filtering and Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area network (WBAN) has been recently promoted to monitor the physiological parameters of patient in an unobtrusive and natural way. This paper towards to make advantage of those ongoing wireless communication links between the body sensors to provide estimated position information of patients or particular body area networks, which make daily activity surveillance possible for further analysis. The proposed particle filtering based localization algorithm just picks up the received radio signal strength information from beacons or its neighbors to infer its own pose, which do not require additional hardware or instruments. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are presented to examine the performance of location estimating method.
Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of multispectral night vision colorization techniques

Multispectral images enable robust night vision (NV) object assessment over day-night conditions. Furthermore, colorized multispectral NV images can enhance human vision by improving observer object classification and reaction times, especially for low light conditions. NV colorization techniques can produce the colorized images that closely resemble natural scenes. Qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) comparisons of NV colorization techniques proposed in the past decade are made and two categories of coloring methods, color fusion and color mapping, are discussed and compared. Color fusion directly combines multispectral NV images into a color-version image by mixing pixel intensities at different color planes, of which a channel-based color fusion method is reviewed.
Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Bursera species from Mexico

Objective: Organic extracts from nine species (eleven populations) of the Bursera genus native to Mexico, were investigated for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The influence of the cytotoxic plant extracts on cell cycle progression and apoptosis were also analyzed. Materials and methods: Cytotoxic activity from B. ariensis (Kunth) McVaugh and Rzed. Kew Bull (two populations), B. bicolor Engl. , B. lancifolia Engl. , B. glabrifolia Engl. (two populations), B. fagaroides (La Llave) Rez. , Calderon and Medina, B. linanoe (La Llave) Rez. , Calderon and Medina, B. galeottiana Engl. , B. kerberi Engl. , and B. excelsa Engl. were evaluated by the sulforhodamine B protein staining assay against four carcinoma cell lines: KB (nasopharyngeal), HF-6 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and PC-3 (prostate), as well as on HFS-30 fibroblast normal skin cell line. Chloroform extracts from B. ariensis (two populations), B. kerberi and B. galeottiana were added to PC-3 cells to analyze percentage of cells in G1/S and G2/M phases by flow cytometric analysis, while apoptosis was determined in a fluorescence microscope. In vivo anti-inflammatory experiments were conducted through the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced ear edema in mice. Results: With the exception of B. glabrifolia and B. excelsa, hexane extracts of all the collected plant species displayed selective cytotoxic activity in at least one cell line. For the chloroform extracts, only B. bicolor, B. kerberi, B. galeottiana, and B. fagaroides exhibited cytotoxic activity, while for the ethyl acetate extracts B. fagaroides was the only plant displaying cytotoxic effect. There was no cytotoxic activity detected with methanol extracts. While B. galeottiana showed an important effect in G2/M arrest, induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells was detected with B. ariensis (two populations) and B. galeottiana. Important anti-inflammatory activity similar to the control indomethacin was displayed by B. galeottiana, B. excelsa, and B. schlechtendalii. Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that the studied species possess pharmacological potential qualities for developing plant medicines.
Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in growing puppies.

OBJECTIVE To determine relative heart size in clinically normal puppies and assess whether relative heart size changes with growth. DESIGN Prospective radiographic study. ANIMALS 11 puppies without evidence of disease. PROCEDURE Standardized measurements of the long and short axes of the heart, midthoracic vertebrae, and other structures were made at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months of age. Measurements were recorded in millimeters and number of thoracic vertebral lengths spanned by each dimension, measured caudally from T4 on lateral radiographic views. The long and short axis measurements of the heart, expressed in vertebral lengths, were added to yield vertebral heart size. RESULTS Mean +/- SD vertebral heart sizes on lateral radiographic views at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months of age were 10.0 +/- 0.5, 9.8 +/- 0.4, 9.9 +/- 0.6, and 10.3 +/- 0.6 vertebrae, respectively. Significant differences were not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vertebral heart size measurements in puppies are within the reference range for adult dogs (9.7 +/- 0.5 vertebrae) and do not change significantly with growth to 3 years of age. Standards for determining cardiac enlargement are similar in puppies and adult dogs.
Effect of Use of Different Anthelmintics (Piperazine Citrate and Ivermectine) on Blood Profile of Infested Poultry (Commercial and Rural Layers)

This research was conducted to describe the therapeutic effect of ivermectin and piperazine citrate on blood profile in commercial layer birds and rural poultry. Two experiments named 1 and 2 were performed representing commercial layer birds and rural poultry respectively. Each experiment was consisted of 4 groups of 15 birds each named A, B, C, D, (Experiment No 1) and W, X, Y and Z (Experiment No 2). To make the birds parasitic free, Albendazole @14mg /Kg were administered in all birds. In subgroups A, B, C, W, X and Y Ascaridia galli infection was inoculated orally @ dose rate of 2500 embryonated eggs per bird using crop tube. To confirm infestation 5 birds were euthanized from each treatment group at day 28 th of post infection. Ivermectin @ dose rate of 200µg/kg was given in birds of treatment groups A and W, and Piperazine citrate @ dose rate of 32 mg/100 kg in birds of treatment groups C and Z. At day 10 th (post treatment) six birds from each group were blood sampled to check blood profile. Blood analysis showed same (P > 0.05) effect of both anthelmintics on serum cholesterol, serum T3, serum creatinine, serum cortisol level, ESR and respiratory rate of infested birds whilst Piperazine citrate administration showed higher (P < 0.05) serum T4 level, and lower (P < 0.05) serum urea level in infested birds.
Gaussian Variational Approximation With a Factor Covariance Structure

ABSTRACT Variational approximations have the potential to scale Bayesian computations to large datasets and highly parameterized models. Gaussian approximations are popular, but can be computationally burdensome when an unrestricted covariance matrix is employed and the dimension of the model parameter is high. To circumvent this problem, we consider a factor covariance structure as a parsimonious representation. General stochastic gradient ascent methods are described for efficient implementation, with gradient estimates obtained using the so-called “reparameterization trick. ” The end result is a flexible and efficient approach to high-dimensional Gaussian variational approximation. We illustrate using robust P-spline regression and logistic regression models. For the latter, we consider eight real datasets, including datasets with many more covariates than observations, and another with mixed effects. In all cases, our variational method provides fast and accurate estimates. Supplementary material for this article is available online.
The Effect of Ephedra and Caffeine on Maximal Strength and Power in Resistance-Trained Athletes

Caffeine and ephedrine-related alkaloids recently have been removed from International Olympic Committee banned substances lists, whereas ephedrine itself is now permissible at urinary concentrations less than 10 μg·mL−1. The changes to the list may contribute to an increased use of caffeine and ephedra as ergogenic aids by athletes. Consequently, we sought to investigate the effects of ingesting caffeine (C) or a combination of ephedra and caffeine (C + E) on muscular strength and anaerobic power using a double-blind, crossover design. Forty-five minutes after ingesting a glucose placebo (P: 300 mg), C (300 mg) or C + E (300 mg + 60 mg), 9 resistance-trained male participants were tested for maximal strength by bench press [BP; 1 repetition maximum (1RM)] and latissimus dorsi pull down (LP; 1RM). Subjects also performed repeated repetitions at 80% of 1RM on both BP and LP until exhaustion. After this test, subjects underwent a 30-second Wingate test to determine peak anaerobic cycling power, mean power, and fatigue index. Although subjects reported increased alertness and enhanced mood after supplementation with caffeine and ephedra, there were no significant differences between any of the treatments in muscle strength, muscle endurance, or peak anaerobic power. Our results do not support the contention that supplementation with ephedra or caffeine will enhance either muscle strength or anaerobic exercise performance.
International labour migration from two Pakistani villages with different forms of agriculture.

"This paper is an analysis of the socio-economic situation of two Punjabi villages [in Pakistan]. It makes an attempt to explain why the villagers of these rural places have to seek work abroad. The first part of the paper deals with the agricultural conditions, the non-agricultural activities available to the villagers, and the budgets of different social categories found in the villages. The second part examines the effects of the process of migration on the young people. It particularly discusses the profile of the migrant, the problems faced by him before his departure, the remittances and their utilization, and the impact of emigration upon women's economic role in the villages and upon the traditional social conflicts. The important conclusion of the paper is that these villagers cannot ensure their social, economic, and cultural reproduction. "
Evaluating automatic speech recognition as a component of a multi-input device human-computer interface

The paper reports on an investigation into the basic properties and requirements of automatic speech recognition as an input device to a trial human computer interface. The experiments required subjects to carry out a simulated target acquisition and report filling task, with the available input devices being automatic speech recognition, trackball, function keys or a simultaneous combination of all three. Experiments were carried out under varying workload to examine the degradation of overall interface and individual input device performance under user stress. An approach at modelling interface performance using a critical path analysis approach is introduced. Modelling of the interface developed here has shown a good match to the experimental results. Although use of the prototype speech recogniser was found to be both slower and less accurate than the manual mode inputs, it was possible to estimate a required word accuracy of around 94% which would allow speech entry to provide an equivalent performance.
Clinical Spectrum, Risk Factors and Outcome of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Patients with Tuberculosis–HIV Coinfection

Background Here, we aimed to determine the clinical spectrum, predictors and outcomes of paradoxical tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in a resource-limited setting. Methods In a prospective cohort, we studied 254 patients with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART). We identified patients with TB-IRIS using the International Network for Studies Against HIV-Associated IRIS (INSHI) case definition. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of TB-IRIS were determined and reported. Results A total of 53 (21%) patients developed TB-IRIS a median of 2 weeks (IQR 12–22 days) after starting ART. The majority of the patients (70%) with TB-IRIS had extrapulmonary manifestations of TB-IRIS. In a multiple logistic regression model, baseline haemoglobin <100 g/l (OR 2.23 [95% CI 1.08–4.60]; P=0.031) and baseline CD4+ T-cell count <50 cells/ml (OR 4.13 [95% CI 1.80–9.51]; P=0.001) were significant predictors of IRIS. Seven additional patients fulfilled all INSHI criteria of TB-IRIS but had the episode of TB-IRIS later than 3 months after ART start. Conclusions TB-IRIS was a frequent reason for clinical deterioration among patients with TB commencing ART but was not a primary contributor to mortality. Patients with advanced CD4 depletion and anaemia were at increased risk of TB-IRIS. Some patients developed late-onset TB-IRIS and/or a recurrent TB-IRIS episode.
Noonan syndrome

Noonan syndrome is a common autosomal dominant condition caused by multiple genes in the RasMAPK pathway. The adult phenotype can be extremely subtle, and many adults are diagnosed only after the birth of a more obviously affected child. Whether diagnosis is made in childhood or adulthood, initial and ongoing evaluation of many systems can have considerable health benefits. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Child self-report and parent ratings for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Norms and agreement in a Swedish random population sample

Abstract Background: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measures behavioral problems among children and adolescents. Prior research in Sweden has included child self-report or parent ratings from community or population data. Objective: To provide child-reported and parent-rated SDQ norms for 11- to 16-year-olds, as well as data on child–parent agreement and parental sociodemographic correlates: education, employment status, and quality of life. Method: A random population sample with 600 children aged 11 to 16 years, 100 per age group, and one of their parents (N=1200) yielded a sampling pool of 1158 participants and a 34.8% response rate, including 175 child–parent pairs and 27 and 26 child/parent singletons. Responses to child and parent versions of the extended SDQ were analyzed by child gender and age. Child–parent agreement was evaluated using the Prevalence- and Bias-Adjusted Kappa and Bland–Altman plots. Results: Older children reported greater difficulties compared with younger children, while girls reported a higher negative impact of difficulties on daily life in comparison to boys. Child–parent item-by-item agreement was fair to slight on 15 of the 25 SDQ items, perfect to moderate on 9 items, and less than chance on 1 item, but generally high regarding dichotomous assignment to the “raised difficulties” or “normal” groups, based on subscales and the total SDQ score. Greater difficulties for children were reported by parents born outside Sweden, parents of children born outside Sweden, parents lacking regular employment, and parents with lower education or lower quality of life. In relation to other child–parent pairs, parents born outside Sweden perceived greater difficulties for their children compared with the children’s own ratings. Parents with better physical health and social relationships rated their children as having fewer difficulties compared with the rates reported by children. Conclusions: Gender differences contrasted with prior Swedish studies showing higher ratings for boys on hyperactivity and total difficulties and for girls on emotional symptoms. However, findings on increased difficulties with age concurred with prior studies. Research on children’s mental health should be widely and systematically conducted at regular intervals and encompasses large, representative samples in order to inform national public health and health-care policy regarding measures to support children and enhance their mental health.
On tests of equivalence via non‐unity relative risk for matched‐pair design

Matched‐pair design is often used in clinical trials to increase the efficiency of treatment comparison. We consider the problem of equivalence test with a relative risk endpoint in matched‐pair studies with binary outcomes, and develop several score and Wald‐type statistics for testing a hypothesis of non‐unity relative risk. Examples from an assessment of HIV screening test and a cross‐over clinical trial of soft contact lenses are used to illustrate the proposed methods. Through simulations we compare the empirical performance of these tests with the test proposed by Lachenbruch and Lynch. We show that a score test based on a reparameterized multinomial model by Tango performs best in the sense that the test satisfactorily controls the type I error rate and its empirical type I error rates are generally much closer to the prespecified nominal significance level than those of the other tests. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alexithymia, empathy, and psychological symptoms in a family context.

Levels of alexithymia were measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in families of women with borderline personality disorder (BPD), restricting anorexia nervosa (AN) and a nonclinical (NC) group. Measures were correlated with sociodemographic information, empathy (as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index [IRI]), emotional distress (using the Symptom Checklist-90-R [SCL-90-R]), and experiences of abuse. We have found that male gender, age, and low socioeconomic status are correlated with factor 3 of the TAS-20; that women with BPD and AN are more alexithymic than control subjects; that women with AN are more alexithymic than their parents; and that alexithymia is inversely related to the capacity for empathy. Family members of women with BPD have the highest levels of alexithymia and in these families there seems to be a complementary association between alexithymia in one parent and low levels of empathy in the other. There may be an association between the general emotional distress, history of abuse, and high levels of alexithymia that occur in women with BPD.
Utility of MRI to Differentiate Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Adrenal Metastases From Adrenal Adenomas.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to compare MRI features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) adrenal metastases and adenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen clear cell RCC adrenal metastases imaged with MRI were compared to 29 consecutive adenomas between 2006 and 2015. Two blinded radiologists assessed homogeneity (homogeneous vs heterogeneous), signal intensity (SI) decrease on chemical-shift MRI, and T2-weighted SI (isointense, mildly hyperintense, or markedly hyperintense) relative to muscle. A third blinded radiologist measured the chemical-shift SI index, adrenal-to-spleen SI ratio, T2-weighted SI ratio, AUC for contrast-enhanced MRI, and histogram analysis. Analyses were performed using chi-square, linear regression, ROC, and logistic regression modeling. RESULTS Clear cell RCC metastases were larger than adenomas (mean [± SD], 5.0 ± 4.2 cm [range, 1.1-15 cm] vs 2.0 ± 0.7 cm [range, 1.2-3.7 cm]; p < 0.0001). Subjectively, 33.3% (5/15) of metastases and 68.9% (20/29) of adenomas showed an SI decrease on chemical-shift MRI (p = 0.0421; κ = 0.76). Chemical-shift SI index (mean, 9.2% ± 20.6%; range, -30.0% to 57.9%) and adrenal-to-spleen SI ratio (0.94 ± 0.23 [range, 0.44-1.33]) for metastases differed significantly from those for adenomas (47.3% ± 27.8% [range, -9.4% to 86%] and 0.52 ± 0.28 [range, 0.13-1.11], respectively) (p < 0.0001). Twenty percent (3/15) of metastases had chemical-shift SI index in the adenoma range (> 16.5%). Metastases had higher T2-weighted SI than did adenomas, both quantitatively (5.1 ± 3.0 [range, 1.5-10.6] vs 1.8 ± 0.8 [range, 0.5-3.8]; p < 0.0001) and subjectively (p < 0.0001; κ = 0.89). Metastases had higher entropy than did adenomas (6.76 ± 0.61 vs 6.1 ± 0.74; p = 0.0051) and were subjectively more heterogeneous (p < 0.0001; κ = 0.86). The contrast-enhanced MRI AUC, skewness, and kurtosis did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). The ROC AUCs were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.79-1.0) for T2-weighted SI ratio and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.68-1.0) for entropy. The logistic regression model of T2-weighted SI ratio plus entropy improved accuracy (ROC AUC, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.0]) compared with either feature alone (p = 0.0215). CONCLUSION Increased T2-weighted SI and heterogeneity are features that can differentiate clear cell RCC adrenal metastases from adenomas using quantitative and subjective analysis.