Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Morphology of the “Cleft Face” and the Normal Face: Defining the Anthropometric Differences

&NA; Morphological characteristics of the “cleft face” were analyzed by calculating proportion indices in young adults who had undergone surgery in childhood for cleft lip and/or palate: 592 in 37 subjects with unilateral clefts and 432 in 27 with bilateral clefts. Three areas of the face with 16 indices based on 12 projective linear measurements were analyzed in each subject: 5 indices in the general face, 6 in the upper face, and 5 in the lower. Although a balanced relationship was found in two thirds of the indices assessed, severe disproportions, which greatly influence appearance, were noted in about one quarter. In the general face, the most frequent abnormal anthropometric findings contributing to severe disproportions were small upper‐face height and a severely high or moderately narrow mandible. In the soft tissues, disproportions included wide nose, small nasal tip protrusion, and short or long columella. Deviations from normality were rarely noted in the nose and upperlip height, mouth width, total facial height, and width of the upper face. In the upper face, severe disproportions occurred much more frequently in bilateral cleft subjects (67.6%) than in unilateral clefts (30.3%). In the lower face, however, severe disproportions were twice as frequent among unilateral clefts (39.4%) than bilateral (14.7%). The results, although interesting, require complementary preoperative data for reliable analysis of the adult “cleft face. ”
Single-Stage Intake Gesture Detection Using CTC Loss and Extended Prefix Beam Search

Accurate detection of individual intake gestures is a key step towards automatic dietary monitoring. Both inertial sensor data of wrist movements and video data depicting the upper body have been used for this purpose. The most advanced approaches to date use a two-stage approach, in which (i) frame-level intake probabilities are learned from the sensor data using a deep neural network, and then (ii) sparse intake events are detected by finding the maxima of the frame-level probabilities. In this study, we propose a single-stage approach which directly decodes the probabilities learned from sensor data into sparse intake detections. This is achieved by weakly supervised training using Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss, and decoding using a novel extended prefix beam search decoding algorithm. Benefits of this approach include (i) end-to-end training for detections, (ii) simplified timing requirements for intake gesture labels, and (iii) improved detection performance compared to existing approaches. Across two separate datasets, we achieve relative $F_1$ score improvements between 1.9% and 6.2% over the two-stage approach for intake detection and eating/drinking detection tasks, for both video and inertial sensors.
IMS at SemEval-2020 Task 1: How Low Can You Go? Dimensionality in Lexical Semantic Change Detection

We present the results of our system for SemEval-2020 Task 1 that exploits a commonly used lexical semantic change detection model based on Skip-Gram with Negative Sampling. Our system focuses on Vector Initialization (VI) alignment, compares VI to the currently top-ranking models for Subtask 2 and demonstrates that these can be outperformed if we optimize VI dimensionality. We demonstrate that differences in performance can largely be attributed to model-specific sources of noise, and we reveal a strong relationship between dimensionality and frequency-induced noise in VI alignment. Our results suggest that lexical semantic change models integrating vector space alignment should pay more attention to the role of the dimensionality parameter.
Folate deprivation increases presenilin expression, gamma‐secretase activity, and Abeta levels in murine brain: potentiation by ApoE deficiency and alleviation by dietary S‐adenosyl methionine

Folate deficiency has been associated with age‐related neurodegeneration. One direct consequence of folate deficiency is a decline in the major methyl donor, S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM). We demonstrate herein that dietary deficiency in folate and vitamin E, coupled pro‐oxidant stress induced by dietary iron, increased presenilin‐1 expression, gamma‐secretase activity, and Abeta levels in normal adult mice. These increases were potentiated by apolipoprotein E deficiency as shown by treatment of transgenic mice homozygously lacking murine apolipoprotein E. Dietary supplementation with SAM in the absence of folate attenuated or alleviated these deleterious consequences. These findings link nutritional and genetic risk factors for age‐related neurodegeneration and underscore that dietary supplementation with SAM may be useful to augment therapeutic approaches.
Indices of thermoregulatory strain for moderate exercise in the heat.

The effect of varying humidity and dry bulb temperatures was studied on five normal male unclothed subjects while exercising (40-45 min) at 28% VO2max. Air movement was 0.75 m.s-1. The initial test and the 16th test on each subject both done at 50 degrees C and 30 Torr (32% rh). Each subject did the intervening 14 experiments twice per day at varying ambient temperature (Ta) and water vapor pressure (Pa) levels, so selected to progressively increase skin wettedness levels. Mean skin temperature (Tsk) and esophageal temperature (Tes), heart rate (HR), skin evaporative heat loss (Esk), and warm discomfort were continuously observed. Skin wettedness (w) was evaluated as the ratio of the observed Esk to the maximum evaporative capacity of the environment. A rational effective temperature (ET) is defined as the dry bulb temperature at 50% rh in which the total heat exchange from skin surface would be the same as in the test environment, described by the observed Ta and Pa. The results showed that 1) during steady state both HR and Tes were unaffected by Ta from 26 to 41 degrees C responding to the level of exercise intensity, when Pa less than or equal to 20 Torr; 2) both mean body temperature, found by weighting Tsk:Tes by 1:9, and ET were each significant indicators of physiological strain when Pa greater than 20 Torr; 3) a level of strain, caused by skin wettedness values greater than 0.5, is suggested as a primary condition necessary for inducing heat acclimation.
Toward enhanced P 300 speller performance

This study examines the effects of expanding the classical P300 feature space on the classification performance of data collected from a P300 speller paradigm [Farwell LA, Donchin E. Talking off the top of your head: toward a mental prosthesis utilizing event-related brain potentials. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1988;70:510–23]. Using stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA) to construct a classifier, the effects of spatial channel selection, channel referencing, data decimation, and maximum number of model features are compared with the intent of establishing a baseline not only for the SWLDA classifier, but for related P300 speller classification methods in general. By supplementing the classical P300 recording locations with posterior locations, online classification performance of P300 speller responses can be significantly improved using SWLDA and the favorable parameters derived from the offline comparative analysis. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prognostic Indicators for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Clinicopathologic Correlation

Fifty‐three patients with T1 squamous cell cancer of the floor of mouth and ventral surface of the tongue with a known clinical outcome were retrospectively analyzed and arbitrarily divided into “aggressive” and “nonaggressive” groups based on their clinical behavior. Various host and tumor factors were then evaluated in an attempt to determine whether the tumor behavior could have been predicted. The paraffin‐embedded tumor specimens were evaluated for tumor differentiation, tumor thickness and tumor invasion, microvessel density, and p53 expression. In addition, a composite morphologic grading score was obtained by combining cell differentiation, nuclear polymorphism, mitosis activity, depth of infiltration, type of infiltration, and lymphatic infiltration. No single technique appeared capable of identifying “aggressive” behavior, although possibly an evaluation of composite factors might show promise in the future.
The role of high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Although mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct disease entity with well described clinical and pathological features, little information exists regarding its therapy. This paper will evaluate patients with MCL receiving either induction therapy with an anthracycline or high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS The cases of 14 previously untreated patients with MCL who received an anthracycline-containing combination chemotherapy regimen on Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group protocols from 3/83 to 2/92 were reviewed. During the same time period, a different set of nine patients with recurrent MCL were referred for high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue as salvage therapy. RESULTS The five year overall (OS) and failure-free (FFS) survivals from the initiation of chemotherapy for the patients receiving an induction therapy with an anthracycline containing regimen were 23% and 8%, respectively. At the time of this analysis, three of the nine transplant patients remain progression-free 7, 12, and 25 months post-transplant. Two year overall and FFS for all nine patients was 34%. CONCLUSIONS Longer follow-up of greater patient numbers is required to determine whether high-dose therapy can overcome the chemoresistance and increase the cure rate of MCL. Since most patients with this disease have minimal chance of cure with standard chemotherapy, the optimal timing for high dose therapy may be as part of front-line treatment. Further clinical trials are required to investigate the potential benefits of high-dose therapy for patients with MCL.
What determines leverage in Pakistan? A panel data analysis

Most of the chemical sector firms in Pakistan have foreign ownership or collaboration with foreign companies. It may be hypothesized that the leverage behavior of such firms is likely to be in line with the results of international studies of leverage generally carried out in developed economies. But there are a number of factors which differentiate developed economies from the developing ones. Hence, we identify an interesting conjunction for our research to add to the existing body of literature empirical evidence as to what determines leverage in chemical sector firms of Pakistan which have generally foreign ownership/collaboration. For this purpose we use the data of all listed firms of chemical sector of Pakistan for the period 1988 to 2006 (19 years). We use the framework provided by two competing theories, trade-off theory (TOT) and pecking order theory (POT), to identify the determinants of capital structure in the sector by using panel data models to identify the determinants of leverage and nature of their relationship. We find a significant direct relationship between profitability, business risk and leverage. This finding is consistent with TOT and negates the findings of some of the earlier studies in Pakistani context. Further, we find an inverse relationship between size, growth and leverage which is consistent with POT. These findings suggest that most of the chemical sector firms of Pakistan, having foreign ownership/collaboration, use a mix of local and international strategies for their leverage formation in Pakistan.
Online Adaptation of an Attention-Based Neural Network for Natural Language Generation

Following some recent propositions to handle natural language generation in spoken dialog systems with long short-term memory recurrent neural network models [1] we first investigate a variant thereof with the objective of a better integration of the attention subnetwork. Then our main objective is to propose and evaluate a framework to adapt the NLG module online through direct interactions with the users. When doing so the basic way is to ask the user to utter an alternative sentence to express a particular dialog act. But then the system has to decide between using an automatic transcription or to ask for a manual transcription. To do so a reinforcement learning approach based on an adversarial bandit scheme is retained. We show that by defining appropriately the rewards as a linear combination of expected payoffs and costs of acquiring the new data provided by the user, a system design can balance between improving the system’s performance towards a better match with the user’s preferences and the burden associated with it.
Effect of NOD2/CARD15 variants in T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the NOD2/CARD15 gene have been associated with the incidence and the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We hypothesized that the clinical effect of SNP in NOD2/CARD15 might be different in patients submitted to T-cell-depleted allogeneic SCT, in which donor T cells, the main effectors of GVHD, are eliminated. DESIGN AND METHODS SNP 8, 12 and 13 in NOD2/CARD15 were studied using a Taqman protocol in 85 patients undergoing HLA-identical, T-cell-depleted SCT and in 71 of their sibling donors. RESULTS NOD2/CARD15 variants were present in nine (11%) patients and six (8%) donors. The incidences of acute GVHD and chronic GVHD were not associated with either the donors' or recipients' NOD2/CARD15 variants. In contrast, these genetic variants were associated with a lower disease-free survival (17% vs. 48%, p=0.03). Death due to pulmonary infection was more frequent in the group of patients with NOD2/CARD15 variants. In the multivariate analysis, only NOD2/CARD15 variants (RR 2.3, p=0.04) and older age (RR 2.2; p=0.04) were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS NOD2/CARD15 variants have a deleterious effect on clinical outcome in T-cell-depleted allogeneic SCT, which is independent of GVHD. These results supports the hypothesis that the detrimental effect of NOD2/CARD15 variants in such a transplant setting might be produced by an alteration of the innate immune system more than by activation of the adaptive immune system.
Decreased fibrocyte number is associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability in man.

AIMS Plaque rupture partly results from inadequate collagen synthesis due to lower smooth muscle cell numbers in fibrous caps. Fibrocytes are bone-marrow-derived circulating mesenchymal progenitors and have recently been identified in fibrous caps. This study hypothesized that reduced fibrocyte numbers would be associated with plaque instability. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 22), stable angina (SA) (n = 20), or healthy controls (n = 22) were recruited. Circulating fibrocytes (CD45(+)/CD34(+)/collagen I(+)) were measured by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood and cultured for 2 weeks, and fibrocytes were quantified by morphology (spindle-shaped) and flow cytometry (CD45(+)/collagen I(+)). Another set of PBMCs was stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) for 72 h and the expression of several macrophage markers was measured by flow cytometry. Acute MI patients had decreased circulating fibrocyte numbers compared with healthy controls or SA patients. Following 2 weeks' culture, both the number of spindle-shaped fibrocytes counted under the microscope and the percentage of fibrocytes of the remaining adherent cells in culture measured by flow cytometry were reduced in acute MI patients. Expression of macrophage markers CD68, CD36, and EMR in M-CSF-stimulated PBMCs was enhanced in acute MI patients compared with the other two groups. SA patients with previous MI had decreased circulating fibrocyte numbers and a lower yield of fibrocytes from PBMCs than those without previous MI. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of decreased fibrocyte numbers in patients with MI. Reduced fibrocytes and preferential differentiation of PBMCs into macrophages may contribute to plaque instability.
THE DGAT-1 GENE POLYMORPHISM IS INFORMATIVE QTL MARKER FOR MEAT QUALITY IN BEEF CATTLE

Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1) is a key enzyme involved in triglyceride synthesis. DGAT-1 gene is located in the centromeric region of the bovine chromosome (BTA) 14 and considered polymorphism was identified as a candidate gene for milk and meat QTL. One of mutations which is substitution AA → GC in exon 8 causes an amino acid change in the product. The effect of the lysine/alanine (K232A) diallelic polymorphism on meat production traits has been studied. 156 young Black-and-White (Friesian) bulls were genotyped. The association between diacylglycerol acyltransferase polymorphism and slaughter performance and meat technology analysis were examined. Moreover the fatty acid profile (C12–C20:5) including CLA in the sample of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was evaluated. Differences (P ≤ 0,05) were found between genotypes in slaughtering performance traits as well as fat and valuable cuts content and meat-fat ratio. The significant difference occurred also in the water holding capacity. Heterozygous individuals AA:GC were characterized by the greatest values compared with homozygous ones. Bulls of DGAT-1 genotype GC:GC showed significantly higher (P ≤ 0,05) content of lauric acid in LD muscle and heterozygous animals differ in CLA content with homozygous AA:AA.
Students’ Resistance Behaviors: What Do Turkish Primary Teachers Face?

Abstract Introduction:Students could react to the learning activities, teachers, or administrators knowingly and willfully, many times intentionally by resisting in various ways. A detailed analysis of this definition indicates that unlike naughty behaviors, resistance behaviors do not develop suddenly, they are often planned beforehand by the student, and they contain some messages to the person or institution they are directed at. These kinds of behaviors could have negative effects not only on students’ academic, social, and psychological development but also on teachers’ professional satisfaction. Therefore, these issues should be elaborated carefully. However, despite the importance indicated in the literature, students’ resistance behaviors are one of the neglected issues that are not investigated adequately. With reference to this need, the presented study aims to identify perceptions of primary school teachers about students’ resistance behaviors. Methods:The participants were 152 primary school teachers. Data were collected through the Student Resistance Behaviors Scale for Teachers (SRBS-T) and Teacher Interview Form. In addition to descriptive statistics, data were analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA. Also, a qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted regarding qualitative data of the study. Results:Results show that the mean scores for SRBS were “medium” on a 5-point Likert scale. While teachers’ perceptions about resistance behaviors showed no significant differences according to gender and the type of school they graduated from, scores showed significant differences in terms of teachers’ years of seniority. According to the teachers, the most encountered resistant behaviors were gathered under the themes of resistance to teacher authority and hostile attitudes towards the teacher/peers. Discussion:Through discussion, the results obtained by the scale and interviews were discussed. All the findings showed that teachers are important receivers of resistance behaviors and they are facing with different types of resistance in the classroom. Limitations:It is obvious that these results were limited to the reached primary school teachers. Another limitation was that the data within the study collected via SRBS-T and interviews. Conclusions:The study showed that teachers and students are the key components of the educational process and students could show resistance to both the process and teachers in different ways. As this study only focused on primary teachers’ experiences, more studies could be organized through understanding the resistance middle and high school teachers face with as well. Further research could be conducted with students to see how they feel and behave when they feel resistance as well as with other teachers working at various levels of education and in various institutions.
Unconditional Uniqueness of the cubic Gross-Pitaevskii Hierarchy with Low Regularity

In this paper, we establish the unconditional uniqueness of solutions to the cubic Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy on $\mathbb{R}^d$ in a low regularity Sobolev type space. More precisely, we reduce the regularity $s$ down to the currently known regularity requirement for unconditional uniqueness of solutions to the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation ($s\ge\frac{d}{6}$ if $d=1,2$ and $s>s_c=\frac{d-2}{2}$ if $d\ge 3$). In such a way, we extend the recent work of Chen-Hainzl-Pavlovi\'c-Seiringer.
Prevention and early intervention for depression in young people – a practical possibility?

Purpose of review Many studies aimed at prevention and early intervention for mental disorders have focused on depressive disorder because it causes substantial disability. In this review, recent developments in prevention and early intervention with children and adolescents who are depressed are summarized. Recent findings Despite early promise, there is little evidence that prevention of depression is a practical possibility at this stage. There is no clear evidence of effectiveness for universal programmes. Targeted programmes are more promising, with evidence of short-term reduction in depressive symptoms, and there are a few studies in which there is evidence of a reduced incidence of disorder. There are promising developments in efforts to screen for disorder, although there is a requirement for more effective therapy. Potential cost-savings are considerable, so it is imperative that the search continues for effective interventions for depression in young people. Attention to wider social issues that impact on mental health is also needed. Summary Developing preventive services for depression is premature at this stage. There is evidence to support screening for depression and providing early intervention, but current treatments have limited effectiveness. There is a compelling need for further research in this area.