Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Conceptualization and Investment of Leadership Development by Department Heads in Colleges of Agriculture at Land Grant Universities

The complexity of leading, specifically leading an academic department, is daunting. Nationally, there has been an increase in open department head positions, but also a lack of faculty interest in making the move from faculty member to administrator. Skill level of chosen department heads in leadership varies, but the majority of academic administrators are not chosen because of their leadership knowledge, skills, or abilities. This generative study looked at the conceptualization of the phenomenon of “leadership development” by department heads in Colleges of Agriculture at Land–Grant Universities in order to gain an understanding of the experience of department heads in leadership development. Inductive and deductive analytic procedures led to four categorical themes: prior experience with leadership development, leadership training, leadership education, and leadership development. Sub–themes indicated the complexity of the main themes and offered a more focused view from the department heads.
Policy Congruence and Style of Representation: Party Voters and Political Parties

This article focuses on whether styles of representation influence policy congruence. Style of representation is defined at the party level as the proportion of representatives within parties who are partisans, delegates or trustees. Policy congruence refers to how close on the left–right scale the mean position of a party as placed by its candidates is compared to that of party voters. The article concludes that where there are higher proportions of trustees within parties, there is a greater degree of policy congruence, whereas a higher proportion of partisans results in less policy congruence. The proportion of delegates has no significant impact on congruence after taking account of other party and country measures. This indicates that party constraints on representatives are applied at the cost of congruence with voters, and that when representatives enjoy more flexibility to follow their own opinions, the party displays greater congruence with its own voters.
The Glenoid Component in Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty

Ideal management of the glenoid in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty remains controversial. Glenoid component loosening remains a common source of clinical concern and, in young, active patients, implantation of a glenoid prosthesis is often avoided. Efforts to decrease glenoid loosening have resulted in changes to prosthetic design and implantation techniques. Currently, a wide variety of glenoid component options are available, including metal-backed or all-polyethylene, bone ingrowth or ongrowth, inset, and augmented designs. Additionally, several alternatives are available for the young, active patient, including hemiarthroplasty, nonprosthetic resurfacing, and tissue interposition. Many recent clinical and biomechanical studies have examined these implant options. A thorough knowledge of glenoid anatomy, pathology, implant options, indications, and principles of implantation is necessary to optimize the outcome following anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.
Changes in Rabbit Corneal Innervation Induced by the Topical Application of Benzalkonium Chloride

Purpose: To investigate the effect of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on corneal nerves. Methods: Fifty-four adult New Zealand Albino rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. BAK at concentrations of 0.005%, 0.01%, or 0.02% was applied once daily to 1 eye of each rabbit for 9 days. The contralateral untreated eyes were used as controls. Corneal mechanical sensitivity, aqueous tear production, tear break-up time (BUT), fluorescein, and Rose Bengal staining scores were compared with those of control values on days 3, 6, and 9. Corneal whole mounts were immunostained with a specific antitubulin &bgr;III antibody to label nerve fibers. Epithelial superficial nerve terminal, subbasal, and stromal nerve fiber densities were quantified. The structure of the central cornea was examined by means of in vivo confocal microscopy on day 9. Results: The topical application of BAK resulted in lower corneal sensitivity and higher Rose Bengal staining scores on day 3, whereas there were no significant changes in the BUT, Schirmer, and corneal fluorescein scores. Decreased nerve densities in superficial and subbasal layers were observed in BAK-treated eyes on days 3 and 6, respectively. The eyes treated with 0.02% BAK exhibited significantly reduced Schirmer scores, BUT, and stromal nerve fiber density, and increased fluorescein staining scores on day 9. Corneal superficial epithelial cell size was significantly larger in all BAK-treated eyes compared with that in control eyes. Conclusions: The topical application of BAK can quickly cause corneal hypoesthesia without tear deficiency. Changes in corneal innervation significantly correlate with BAK-induced ocular surface changes.
Experimentally Induced Infection of Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus) with Mycobacterium Bovis

In the USA, all species of Cervidae are included in the USDA's uniform methods and rules for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis and, therefore, are subject to regulations regarding intradermal tuberculin testing. In reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), infection with Mycobacterium bovis is exceedingly rare and the response of reindeer to infection with M. bovis in pathologic and immunologic terms is unknown. The objectives of the study reported here were to describe the pathologic changes associated with M. bovis infection in reindeer and evaluate the effectiveness of intradermal tuberculin testing as a means of diagnosis of tuberculosis in reindeer. Thirteen reindeer were inoculated intratonsilarly with 105 colony-forming units (CFU) of M. bovis, and 4 noninoculated reindeer served as negative controls. The comparative cervical test (CCT) was done on all reindeer 90 and 240 days after inoculation. Thirteen months after inoculation, all reindeer were euthanized and examined. All experimentally inoculated reindeer developed lesions in the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The CCT accurately identified all M. bovis-inoculated reindeer, but false-positive results were common among negative-control reindeer. Modifications of the method for interpretation of the CCT decreased false-positive results without increasing false-negative results. Reindeer are susceptible to infection with M. bovis; however, lesions are fewer in number, less severe in nature, and less widely disseminated than are those seen in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Comparative cervical skin testing of reindeer can be highly sensitive, but has low specificity. Specificity can be improved by modification of criteria for interpretation of the CCT.
Respiratory physiology: adaptations to high-level exercise

Most exercise scientists would agree that the physiological determinants of peak endurance performance include the capacity to transport oxygen to the working muscle, diffusion from the muscle to the mitochondria, energy production and force generation, all influenced by signals from the central nervous system. In general, the capacity of the pulmonary system far exceeds the demands required for ventilation and gas exchange during exercise. Endurance training induces large and significant adaptations within the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and haematological systems. However, the structural and functional properties of the lung and airways do not change in response to repetitive physical activity and, in elite athletes, the pulmonary system may become a limiting factor to exercise at sea level and altitude. As a consequence to this respiratory paradox, highly trained athletes may develop intrathoracic and extrathoracic obstruction, expiratory flow limitation, respiratory muscle fatigue and exercise-induced hypoxaemia. All of these maladaptations may influence performance.
A Collaborative Wheelchair System

This paper describes a novel robotic wheelchair, and reports experiments to evaluate its efficiency and understand how human operators use it. The concept at the heart of the collaborative wheelchair assistant (CWA) is to rely on the user's motion planning skills while assisting the maneuvering with flexible path guidance. The user decides where to go and controls the speed (including start and stop), while the system guides the wheelchair along software-defined guide paths. An intuitive path editor allows the user to avoid dangers or obstacles online and to modify the guide paths at will. By using the human sensory and planning systems, no complex sensor processing or artificial decision system is needed, making the system safe, simple, and low-cost. We investigated the performance of the CWA on its interaction with able-bodied subjects and motion efficiency. The results show that path guidance drastically simplifies the control. Using the CWA, the wheelchair user needs little effort from the first trial, while moving efficiently with a conventional wheelchair requires adaptation.
POLICY INEFFECTIVENESS: TESTS WITH AUSTRALIAN DATA*

This paper tests, using Australian data, the proposition that only unanticipated monetary growth infl uences real variables. The methodology used is that of L. Leiderman ( 1980) and F. S. Mishkin (1982). In tests using the unemployment rate as a real variable, it is found that the data decisively reject the p olicy-ineffectiveness proposition and its subsidiary hypotheses of st ructural neutrality and rational expectations. This confirms results obtained for Australia by J. Horne and I. M. McDonald (1984) using a different approach. The results are found to be robust with respect t o choice of lag length and choice of monetary aggregate but not with respect to choice of real variable-the results are mixed when the une mployment rate is replaced by the rate of growth of real GDP. Copyright 1987 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd/University of Adelaide and Flinders University of South Australia
Governing Fortune: Casino Gambling in America

Governing Fortune is (yet) another volume purporting to be a comprehensive analysis of casino gambling in America. The authors, faculty members (law and business) at Creighton University in Omaha, do accomplish the goal of writing such a book, but they do so in a way that leaves this reader wondering "to what end. " A lot of the good information is presented in a well-organized way, but most of the information is old information—or at least information that is generally known: casinos can be tools for jobs and economic development, casinos engender social costs, casinos can provide taxes and tax relief but not everywhere, the Internet presents difficult issues for governments as do other casino regulatory matters, and tribal gaming is also fraught with difficult issues. The writers do emphasize the economic performance of gaming properties more than other books do, but then this reader wonders what the information about price to earnings ratios and stock prices means for citizens and policy-makers, or even scholars. There is no guiding theory. To what end am I being told all this stuff (albeit "good stuff"). The writers did establish themselves as gaming scholars with their studies of bankruptcies among players, and they are to be commended for including data from their earlier studies here, but still I feel I may be missing the point. While they dwell on economic costs and benefits, they add nothing to what Earl Grinols told us in his book Gambling in America: Costs and Benefits. We find a chapter on history, but its offerings seem less fruitful than the histories provided long ago by Chavetz or Asbury, or more recently by I. Nelson Rose or David Schwartz. It is not a bad book; actually it is a pretty good book. It is a book that all scholars of gaming should buy and have on their shelves. However, once put on the shelf, it may gather dust because it lacks a focus that will cry out to a researcher in a time of need: "grab me. "
Deterrence in Contests

This paper explores the role of deterrence in contests. As a general rule, we show that for a deterrence strategy to be played by rational agents, it is necessary that the contest be destructive. We show for a very general class of functions that pure strategy deterrence equilibria where contestants deter one another do not exist. A corollary of this finding is that under fairly general conditions, agents should always be expected to engage in contests. Applied to international relations, our results imply that war is always a potential outcome despite deterrence attempts.
Probability Theory-Based SNP Association Study Method for Identifying Susceptibility Loci and Genetic Disease Models in Human Case-Control Data

One of the most challenging points in studying human common complex diseases is to search for both strong and weak susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify forms of genetic disease models. Currently, a number of methods have been proposed for this purpose. Many of them have not been validated through applications into various genome datasets, so their abilities are not clear in real practice. In this paper, we present a novel SNP association study method based on probability theory, called ProbSNP. The method firstly detects SNPs by evaluating their joint probabilities in combining with disease status and selects those with the lowest joint probabilities as susceptibility ones, and then identifies some forms of genetic disease models through testing multiple-locus interactions among the selected SNPs. The joint probabilities of combined SNPs are estimated by establishing Gaussian distribution probability density functions, in which the related parameters (i.e., mean value and standard deviation) are evaluated based on allele and haplotype frequencies. Finally, we test and validate the method using various genome datasets. We find that ProbSNP has shown remarkable success in the applications to both simulated genome data and real genome-wide data.
Interventional Treatment for Complete Occlusion of Arteriovenous Shunt: Our Experience in 39 Cases

Complete occlusion of arteriovenous shunt is a feared complication of hemodialysis due to limited vessels suitable for reconstruction of arteriovenous vessels suitable for reconstruction of arteriovenous shunt. For prolonged use of the arteriovenous shunt, there are many methods for restoring the function of the occluded arteriovenolus shunts. So far the standard treatment for complete occlusion of arteriovenous shunt is surgery. Interventional procedure serves as an alternative method for restoring the function of the arteriovenous shunt. All of the patients in out study had underlying stenosis of blood vessels. The interventional treatment we performed could restore the normal blood flow in the occluded arteriovenous shunt and provide dilatation of the underlying stenosis by performing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) at the same time.
Climate change knowledge acquisition in Norway's municipalities

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to document and analyse the information network available to municipal mayors in Norwegian municipalities and environmental officers in the municipal administration, covering both public and private information sources.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a quantitative methodology. Survey data from a sample of all Norwegian municipalities are analysed, and explorative statistics, correlations and regression analysis are applied.Findings – The most important information sources for Norwegian mayors are science, the County governor's environmental department and the municipal environmental officer, with consultancy playing a minor role. In the case of science, it is noticeable that females, central municipalities, and the disciplines of humanities and environment contribute to the strong position of science. Furthermore, the left axis of politics increases the quantity of intra‐municipal information sources. The most important contact points for the e.
Influence of nifedipine on pressor responses induced by different α-adrenoceptor agonists and angiotensin II in pithed diabetic hypertensive rats

Objective Both intracellular and extracellular sources of calcium are involved in the activation of contraction in vascular smooth muscle. In the diabetic or hypertensive state, or both, changes induced in calcium handling by various types of agonists may vary considerably Methods We investigated in which manner L-type calciumchannel blockade with nifedipine influences the pressor effects of the α1-adrenoceptor agonists cirazoline and ST587, the α2-adrenoceptor agonist UK 14.304 and angiotensin II, all exerting a differential influence on calcium homeostasis, in pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats rendered diabetic by an injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin Results In diabetic WKY rats and SHR, the maximal pressor response was impaired for all agonists. The hypertensive state enhanced the maximal pressor response to all agonists. No difference was found in the nifedipine-induced depression of the pressor response to cirazoline and angiotensin II in the four groups of rats. The maximal pressor responses to ST587 and UK 14.304 were more effectively depressed by administration of 0.3 mg/kg nifedipine both in diabetic WKY rats and in diabetic SHR than they were in their non-diabetic controls Conclusions Hypertension was associated with enhanced pressor response, whereas the diabetic state counteracted this effect. The pressor responses in pithed diabetic and diabetic hypertensive rats were clearly more dependent on the nifedipine-sensitive calcium influx than were those in their non-diabetic controls
Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in China: An Industry Panel Study, 1991–2005

Employing a panel database, this article investigates empirically the behaviour, at an industry level, of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the People's Republic of China for the period 1991–2005. The study reports that many of the cross-border M&As over the past decades in China have been driven by broad fundamental factors, such as industry size and profitability. Moreover, technological intensity is significantly associated with the level of acquisition activity, indicating the tendency that intangible resources and intellectual capability favour more acquisition into China. It is found that deregulation, as a specific industry shock, affects acquisition activities significantly. The findings, it is concluded, have important managerial and policy implications.
Predictors of 1-year mortality in patients discharged from hospital following acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

INTRODUCTION acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is a major cause of hospital admission, and predicts subsequent medium-term mortality. We aimed to examine mortality predictors in patients discharged from hospital after AECOPD. METHODS we obtained baseline demographic and clinical data from 100 patients (mean age (range)=73 (60-98) years; 48 males) admitted with AECOPD. All completed the following validated questionnaires: a quality of life questionnaire (Breathing Problems Questionnaire; BPQ); a screening questionnaire for depression (Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards; BASDEC); a disability questionnaire (Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living questionnaire; MRADL). Following discharge all were prospectively followed and survival/mortality at 12 months confirmed from hospital notes and by contacting general practitioners. RESULTS the prevalence of depression at recruitment was 56%. One-year mortality in the whole group was 36%. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for mortality predictors (univariate logistic regression analysis) were: use of long-term oxygen therapy=2.72 (1.06-6.97); subsequent readmission=2.57 (1.08-6.12); MRADL score=0.87 (0.80-0.94) (disability predicting death); BASDEC score=1.13 (1.02-1.26) (depression predicting death); BPQ score=1.08 (1.04-1.12) (low quality of life predicting death); length of original hospital stay=1.03 (1.00-1.07). On multivariate logistic regression analysis the only mortality predictor was BPQ with an odds ratio (95% confidence limits) of 1.13 (1.04-1.22). In terms of mortality prediction for individuals, a threshold MRADL score of <12 gave a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 55%, positive predictive value of 88% and negative predictive value of 52%, with similar predictive values using BPQ as an independent variable. CONCLUSIONS 1-year mortality after AECOPD admission is high. The presence of depressive illness (which is extremely common), and levels of both disability and impairment of quality of life are univariate predictors of 1-year mortality in this patient group. This model may be useful in predicting prognosis for individuals and thus in guiding treatment decisions.
Online travel purchasing: A literature review

ABSTRACT Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing focus on the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), as well as the impact that they have had on the tourism industry and on travelers’ behaviors. However, research on what drives consumers to purchase travel online has typically been fragmented. In order to better understand consumers’ behavior toward online travel purchasing, this article offers a review of articles that were published in leading tourism and hospitality journals, the ENTER proceedings, and several articles from other peer-reviewed journals, found on the main academic search databases. The antecedents of online travel shopping found are classified into three main categories: Consumer Characteristics, Perceived Channel Characteristics, and Website and Product Characteristics. Finally, this study identifies several gaps and provides some orientation for future research.
The cost‐effectiveness of warfarin pharmacogenomics

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