Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in general practice, and treatment with a new penicillin--amoxycillin.

SummaryAmoxycillin is a new penicillin active against gram negative bacteria. Its antibacterial activity is similar to ampicillin and almost 90 % of the strains of Esch. coli and Proteus mirabilis studied were sensitive to 5 μg per ml. Strains of Klebsiella and other Proteus species were highly resistant.The peak serum level in volunteers after an oral dose of 500 mg. occurred at 2 hours and was 8.4 μg per ml. Urine levels were high and at 2 hours the concentration was nearly 2,000 μg per ml. The average total excretion was 67%. 152 domiciliary patients with urinary tract infections were treated with amoxycillin and the cure rate two weeks after starting treatment was 92% and at six weeks 82 %. The presence of urinary tract abnormalities or a raised serum antibody titre against the infecting organisms significantly increased the failure rate.Side-effects were similar to other oral penicillins, mainly gastro-intestinal disturbances, vaginitis and skin rashes.Amoxycillin is a useful addition to the range of .
A new multi level inverter topology for grid interconnection of PV systems

Renewable energy sources (RES) gain an importance in recent decades because they are pollution free, easily erectable, and limitless. Among RES, Photovoltaic systems are mostly used as they are light, clean and easily installable. Normally PV cells converts sunlight into electricity in the form of dc. A suitable converter is usually needed to convert the dc power into ac power, which is then injecting into the power grid. The Multilevel Inverters [MLI] can be used to convert the dc into ac for integration of renewable energy sources into the conventional grids. But the conventional MLIs such as Diode Clamped MLIs requires extra diodes in conjunction with the active switches, Flying capacitor MLIs requires extra Capacitors and control also difficult if the levels increases and the Cascaded H-bridge MLIs requires separate dc sources which limits its use. This paper proposes a new type of multi level Inverter which converts the dc into ac using less number of switches when compared to conventional multilevel Inverters. The proposed Inverter can be used to integrate the Photovoltaic system into Grid, with satisfying the grid requirements such as phase angle, frequency and amplitude of the Grid voltage. Seven level and thirteen level proposed MLI is simulated using Matlab/Simulink environment and the corresponding results are presented in this paper.
Phase transformations and indications for acoustic mode softening in Tb-Gd orthophosphate

At ambient conditions the anhydrous rare earth orthophosphates assume either the xenotime (zircon) or the monazite structure, with the latter favored for the heavier rare earths and by increasing pressure. Tb0.5Gd0. 5PO4 assumes the xenotime structure at ambient conditions but is at the border between the xenotime and monazite structures. Here we show that, at high pressure, Tb0.5Gd0. 5PO4 does not transform directly to monazite but through an intermediate anhydrite-type structure. Axial deformation of the unit cell near the anhydrite- to monazite-type transition indicates softening of the (c1133 + c1313) combined elastic moduli. Stress response of rare-earth orthophosphate ceramics can be affected by both formation of the anhydrite-type phase and the elastic softening in the vicinity of the monazite-phase. We report the first structural data for an anhydrite-type rare earth orthophosphate.
Genetic assessment of stationary phase for cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Starvation of cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes cessation of proliferation and acquisition of characteristic physiological properties. The stationary-phase state that results represents a unique developmental state, as shown by a novel conditional phenotype (M. A. Drebot, G. C. Johnston, and R. A. Singer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7948-7952, 1987): mutant cells cannot proliferate at the restrictive temperature when stimulated to reenter the mitotic cell cycle from stationary phase but are unaffected and continue proliferation indefinitely if transferred to the restrictive temperature during exponential growth. We have exploited this reentry mutant phenotype to demonstrate that the same stationary-phase state is generated by nitrogen, sulfur, or carbon starvation and by the cdc25-1 mutation, which conditionally impairs the cyclic AMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. We also show that heat shock, a treatment that elicits physiological perturbations associated with stationary phase, does not cause cells to enter stationary phase. The physiological properties associated with stationary phase therefore do not result from residence in stationary phase but from the stress conditions that bring about stationary phase.
Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Motor and gestural skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were investigated. A total of 49 children with ASD, 46 children with DCD, 38 children with DCD+ADHD, 27 children with ADHD, and 78 typically developing control children participated. Motor skills were assessed with the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Short Form, and gestural skills were assessed using a test that required children to produce meaningful gestures to command and imitation. Children with ASD, DCD, and DCD+ADHD were significantly impaired on motor coordination skills; however, only children with ASD showed a generalized impairment in gestural performance. Examination of types of gestural errors revealed that children with ASD made significantly more incorrect action and orientation errors to command, and significantly more orientation and distortion errors to imitation than children with DCD, DCD+ADHD, ADHD, and typically developing control children. These findings suggest that gestural impairments displayed by the children with ASD were not solely attributable to deficits in motor coordination skills. (JINS, 2007, 13, 246–256.)
Serum miR-122 levels are related to coagulation disorders in sepsis patients

Abstract Background: Coagulation abnormalities may have a major impact on the outcome of sepsis in patients. This study aimed to explore the relationship between miRNA levels and coagulation disorders during sepsis. Methods: Blood samples from 123 sepsis patients were collected on the day of admission and another 45 sepsis patients on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 following admission to the intensive care unit. miR-223, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-122, miR-193b*, and miR-483-5p levels were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Based on the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) score, sepsis patients were divided into coagulation abnormal (CA) group and coagulation normal (CN) group. Results: Only the levels of miR-122 were significantly higher in CA patients than in CN patients (p<0.001). Serum levels of miR-122 were correlated to the serum activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ratios (R=0.426, p=0.008) and the fibrinogen (FIB; R=0.398, p=0.008) and antithrombin III (R=0.913, p<0.001) levels. In addition, Pearson’s correlation coefficients for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with miR-122 were 0.663 (p<0.001) and 0.445 (p=0.001), respectively. In the 45 patients, the miR-122 levels were significantly higher on day 1, 3, 7, and 10 in the CA group than in the CN group, and no difference in the ISTH-DIC scores was evident. Conclusions: Serum levels of miR-122 were correlated to the coagulation disorder in sepsis patients.
Anti-inflammatory Steroidal Alkaloids from Sarcococca wallichii of Nepalese Origin

Bio-assay guided isolation from the plant Sarcococca wallichii Staph. yielded two new steroidal alkaloids: wallichimine A (1) and wallichimine B (2), and five known ones: sarcodinine (3), N-methylpachysamine A (4), alkaloid C (5), dictyophlebine (6), and sarcorine (7). The structures of the compounds were determined using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The immunomodulatory potential of compounds was evaluated on different parameters including production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and on proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of intracellular ROS produced from isolated neutrophils, except compound 5, which showed a moderate level of inhibition. Compounds 2 and 4 potently inhibited the production of NO (67.9% and 62.5% respectively). Compound 2 showed potent suppression on production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (76.7%). Among all the tested compounds the new compound 2 was found to be the most potent immunosuppressive agent. This study shows that steroidal alkaloids could be lead compounds for anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
The Process of Reporting and Receiving Support Following Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence During Childhood

While a significant body of research suggests that exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) during childhood has severe and long-lasting consequences, little is known about how children cope with witnessing IPV, including who they tell about the violence, whether they receive support after disclosing, and the association between childhood disclosure and adulthood mental health. The current study examines these issues in 703 Swedish young adults who endorsed witnessing IPV during childhood. In this sample, 57% reported that they had ever confided in someone about the witnessed violence. The primary reason given for not disclosing was the belief that no one could do anything about it, which was endorsed by 41% of the young adults who kept the violence concealed. Individuals who disclosed the violence were most likely to tell a friend and least likely to use an anonymous hotline. Young adults with higher levels of depression were less likely to have disclosed IPV during their childhood. Individuals’ use of formal reporting outlets was endorsed infrequently, with only 5.2% recalling that they had personally reported the violence or someone else had reported it on their behalf. If such reports were filed, it was most likely to the police. These formal reports typically resulted in participants feeling that the problem continued anyway or that they were believed, but no changes were made. Given the infrequent use of formal reporting services, results suggest that for this sample, reporting outlets for IPV exposure may be underutilized and may not be perceived as beneficial.
Action of capparis decidua against alloxan-induced oxidative stress and diabetes in rat tissues.

Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated with insulin (i.p.) or with Capparis decidua powder as a hypoglycaemic agent mixed with diet. The effect was assessed on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in rat tissues. The increased levels of blood glucose in diabetes produce superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of transition metal ions which cause oxidative damage to cell membranes. The heart tissue showed an increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in diabetic rats while no significant change was observed in the liver and kidney. The treatment with C. decidua lowered LPO in these tissues even more effectively than insulin-treated rats. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in the heart and kidneys in the diabetic group of rats probably to increase dismutation of superoxide anions. However, treatment with C. decidua decreased SOD activity in the liver and kidney and was comparable to control rats. Catalase (CAT) activity was not significantly affected in any of the tissues in diabetic and insulin-treated animals, however, CAT activity markedly increased in tissues with C. decidua treatment. Total and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the heart was markedly lowered in diabetic rats which recovered with insulin as well as with C. decidua treatment. The increase in GSH-Px and CAT activity with C. decidua treatment may lower H2O2 toxicity and reduce oxidative stress in diabetes. However, glutathione (GSH) content in the heart and kidney and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) activity in all the tissues studied increased in diabetic rats while treatment with insulin lowered GSH content and GSH-R activity in these tissues. The treatment with C. decidua also decreased GSH-R activity in the kidney and heart which resulted in the decrease in GSH content in these tissues. The changes such as the increase in kidney and heart SOD may be an adaptive response in order to neutralize superoxide anions. The increase in GSH content and GSH-R activity in the tissue are in response to neutralize superoxide anions and to counteract oxidative stress in diabetes. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was not significantly affected in diabetic rat tissue, however, heart GST increased with antidiabetic treatments. The increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in the kidney and heart of diabetic rats subsequently decreased with C. decidua treatment. The increase in G6PDH in tissues may increase NADPH generation required for GSH-R activity and GSH production. It is suggested that these changes initially counteract the oxidative stress in diabetes, however, a gradual decrease in the antioxidative process may be one of the factors which results in chronic diabetes. The data indicate that C. decidua may have potential use as an antidiabetic agent and in lowering oxidative stress in diabetes.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Aborigines and Nonaborigines in Taitung Area of Taiwan

This study aims to examine the correlation between acute myocardial infarction and various risk factors in eastern Taiwan as well as compare the manifestations of this serious disorder in nonaborigine and aborigine populations in the region. We collected 440 consecutive patients (308 nonaborigines and 132 aborigines) who were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, between the years 1994 and 2001. Analysis showed that AMI was more prevalent in nonaborigines than in aborigines (0.021 ∓0.009% vs 0.011 ∓0.009%, p=0.02). In term of gender, as a whole or within each ethnic group, AMI was more predominant in men than in women (as a whole, 70%; nonaborigines, 73%; aborigines, 63%; nonaborigines vs aborigines p=0.03), and nonaborigines had more male patients. Regarding in-hospital mortality, the distribution of age (aborigine 68.2 ∓13.1 vs nonaborigine 73.5 ∓10.4, p=0.02) and percentage of smokers (aborigine 15% vs nonaborigine 32%, p=0.05) were different between the ethnic groups. Significant risk factors as a whole included the age, total cholesterol, uric acid, and the Killip Class of AMI. Multiple regression analysis showed that diabetes, age ≥70 years, uric acid ≥9.0 mg/dL, and Killip class 3 or 4 had relative risk of 1.81, 2.08, 2.89, and 1.63, respectively. However, mortality rate was not affected by ethnicity.
Numerical simulation of a PMSM model considering saturation saliency for initial rotor position estimation

With the wide application of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), particularly the surface mounted type, the limitations of the conventional PMSM model have become apparent, in which no saturation saliency is incorporated. As a result, the numerical simulation is not applicable for the initial rotor position estimation, which is vital for sensorless motor operation. To avoid the difficulty for developing new initial rotor position estimation techniques through the process of experimental trial and error, a new PMSM model is presented in this paper. The presented model considers both structural and saturation saliencies, enabling fast and cost-effective numerical trial and error for new initial rotor position detection methods. Unlike the constant apparent inductances in the conventional model, the nonlinear self and mutual incremental inductances in the proposed model are expressed by Fourier series and experimentally determined by a specific method to reflect the structural and saturation saliencies, which exist in both salient- and nonsalient-pole PMSMs. Based on the proposed model and the measured inductance patterns, an initial rotor position estimation scheme is numerically simulated and experimentally tested.
Comparison of the tissue response to absorbable self‐reinforced polylactide screws and metallic screws in the fixation of cancellous bone osteotomies: An experimental study on the rabbit distal femur

The availability of absorbable fracture‐fixation devices for clinical use calls for better knowledge of the reaction of bone tissue to absorbable polyester implants as compared with similar metallic devices. To examine and compare the tissue response to biodegradable and metallic screws within cancellous bone, a transverse transcondylar osteotomy of the distal femur was fixed with absorbable self‐reinforced polylevolactide screws in 35 rabbits and with stainless‐steel screws in 35 rabbits. New bone formation and consolidation of the osteotomy were examined histologically, histomorphometrically, and microradiographically within standardized sample fields 1,3,6,12,24,36, and 48 weeks postoperatively. The intact contralateral femur served as the control. A vigorous osteoconductive response to the polylevolactide screws was observed at 3 weeks postoperatively, and the osteoid surface fraction was significantly higher in all follow‐ups than in the contralateral femora. In the femora with metallic screws, new bone formation was seen 3,6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, but at 24,36, and 48 weeks the osteoid surface fraction did not differ significantly from that of the intact control femora. The total bone area was significantly larger in the femora with self‐reinforced polylevolactide screws than in the control bone 6‐48 weeks postoperatively; in the femora with metallic screws, this was found only at 6 and 12 weeks. After 48 weeks, the femora fixed with metallic screws had statistically smaller total bone area than the intact control femora. Solid bone union was seen in 84% of the osteotomies in the self‐reinforced polylevolactide group and in 76% of those in the metallic group after 3 weeks or more. No signs, of degradation of the self‐reinforced polylevolactide implant and only a mild foreign‐body reaction with no accumulations of inflammatory cells to either self‐reinforced polylevolactide or metallic screws were observed during the follow‐up period. Both types of screws seemed to induce an osteostimulatory response around their threads. This phenomenon was transient for metallic screws but lasted for at least 48 weeks for self‐reinforced polylevolactide screws. The polylevolactide screw does not seem to cause osteopenia at the implantation site. The fixation properties of both self‐reinforced polylevolactide screws and metallic screws appear to be sufficient for the fixation of small fragments of cancellous bone.
Decoupling Methods for the Mutual Coupling Effect in Antenna Arrays : A Review

Mutual coupling is a common problem in the applications of antenna arrays. It significantly affects the operation of almost all types of antenna arrays. Over the past years, there have been many different kinds of methods suggested to decouple (or to compensate for) the mutual coupling effect in antenna arrays. The effectiveness of these methods varied and depended upon the types of antenna arrays being considered and the applications in which the antenna arrays were used. In this paper, a brief review of the decoupling methods for the mutual coupling effect in antenna arrays is presented. These include patented and non-patented methods. The methods are grouped under seven categories for antenna arrays in communications and four categories for antenna arrays in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The various methods will be first briefly described and their operation principles will be explained. Then some comments on their scopes of application and their comparisons or relations to other methods will be given. The problems associated with these methods will also be analysed. This is the first review on this topic and we believe that it helps to give an overview of the decoupling methods which have been so far proposed in the literature. We also believe that this review will help clarify some main differences and relations between the various decoupling methods and provide some information for future research on the problem of mutual coupling.
Modulation of cellular responses to ionizing radiation and drug resistance by reactive oxygen species (ROS)

It has been appreciated that exposure of eukaryotic cells to chemotherapeutic agents or ionizing radiation induces steady-state increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS which consist of oxyl radicals including superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, play important roles in regulating many normal physiological functions. Evidence has accumulated showing that redox signals are activated in response to drug treatments of human malignancies. Glutathione (GSH) system is an important intracellular antioxidant that regulates physiological redox conditions by counteracting oxidative stress. Studies have established that γ-glutamylcysteine synthesis heavy subunit (γ-GCSh), which is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione, is an important regulator of intracellular redox conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin upregulated the expression of glutathione and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS). It has also been shown that many CDDP-resistant cell lines exhibit high levels of γ-GCSh/γ-GCSl and GSH. Since GSH system is the major intracellular regulator of redox conditions, these results have been taken into considerations that elevated levels of γ-GCS/GSH are responsible for the CDDP resistance. In contrast to this context, we found that overexpression of GSH by transfection with expression recombinant plasmid containing the γ-GCSh cDNA conferred sensitization to CDDP through upregulation of human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1), which is also known as transporter for CDDP. Depleting GSH levels in these transfected cells reversed CDDP sensitivity with concomitant reduction of hCtr1 expression. While expression of Cu transport was also upregulated in the transfected cells, no enhanced sensitivity to Cu toxicity were observed in these cells. We also observed that these GSH-overproducing cells exhibited biochemical signature of Cu deficiency. Our results redefine a new role of GSH in the regulation of CDDP sensitivity. Overproduction of GSH depleted bioavailable Cu pool, leading to upregulation of hCtr1 and sensitization of CDDP transport and cell killing. These findings provide a previously undiscovered new role of GSH in the regulation of CDDP sensitivity.