Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of recurrence in recurrent depression: a 5.5-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE Depression is a disease with high recurrence rates. Identifying predictors of recurrence and their relative importance in patients with recurrent depression is important for a better understanding of the course of this disease. This type of knowledge can be used to optimize and tailor preventive strategies of recurrence. In this study, we examined predictors of recurrence over a 5.5-year follow-up period and quantified to which extent these predictors explained observed variation in recurrence. METHOD Data from 172 remitted recurrently depressed patients over a 5.5-year follow-up period were used. Recurrence was assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Illness-, stress-, and coping-related factors were examined as predictors of recurrence. Multiple Cox regression analysis was used, and explained variation was assessed to quantify the relative importance of the predictors. Patients were recruited between February 2000 and September 2000. RESULTS Number of previous episodes and residual symptoms explained each 15% of the variation in recurrence, indicating a medium effect size. The final multivariate prediction model included: a higher number of previous episodes, more residual symptoms, and lower levels of positive refocusing (explained variation 29%, indicating a strong effect size). CONCLUSION In our multivariate prediction model, the number of previous episodes, residual symptoms, and a specific coping style were predictors of recurrence over a 5.5-year follow-up period in remitted recurrently depressed patients. Preventive therapies should focus on these factors. Although a substantial part of variation in recurrence (29%) was explained by these predictors, most of it remains unexplained. Consequently, recurrence remains a difficult to predict and only partially understood phenomenon. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Register Identifier: ISRCTN68246470.
Capital Control Regime and Capital Structure Determinants: A Malaysian Case

In light of 1997 Asian crisis, the adoption of capital control regime by Malaysian government on 1st September 1998 is very much controversial. Despite being highly criticised, it is argued that Malaysia has recovered nicely. On 21st July 2005, the government announced the scrapping of the seven-year old ringgit’s peg to the US dollar. As ringgit depegging marks a significant upliftment of one of the capital control policies, an early assessment of the policies’ effectiveness is timely. This paper examines the impact of capital control on the leverage ratios of Malaysian companies during the period 1st September 1994 – 31st August 2002. Further, the paper investigates the issues of capital control and the capital structure determinants. Results indicate that (i) the capital control has significantly changed the overall leverage ratios between the pre and the post-capital control periods; (ii) the leverage level of Malaysian companies is mainly driven by three major factors, namely the company size, the profitability and the liquidity; and (iii) the capital control has a significant impact on the role of some capital structure determinants. With all these evidence, it is suggested that the capital control adoption is proven successful in stabilising the economy, at least in the medium-term.
Valine and Isoleucine : The next limiting amino acids in broiler diets

Drastic genetic changes have occurred in many commercial broiler lines during the last years with regard to performance. This genetic improvement needs a corresponding adjustment of our knowledge about amino acid nutrition in broilers. Additionally, today broiler feed formulators are not only focused on minimising the costs. They also have to take into consideration environmental issues and the impact of feed on broiler health. Reducing excess dietary crude protein (CP) is an important way of addressing these issues. The least cost formulation of the diet according to the ideal protein concept is the best way to supply an economic and a balanced amino acids feed for broiler, which can help to reduce the nitrogen excretion during the rearing period.
Technology Acceptance Model of Internet banking service for student's tuition fee payment (Case study: Public government university)

In these recent years, a new channel of tuition fee payment using Internet banking has been introduced to Indonesian students. However, based on obtained data field, payment method using Internet banking service has turned out to be not quite popular among the students. The development of this study is adapted from Chan and Lu [4] research model about Internet banking service adoption in Hong Kong. In addition, it also integrated with Teo and Noyes [29] research model about Perceived Enjoyment. Data processing was performed using the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Target survey respondents were the potential adopters of public government university students. The results showed that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Enjoyment and Subjective Norm were the significant factors affecting student's intention to use Internet banking. On the other hand, Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Risk has not been proven affecting intention to use Internet banking.
Information acquisition in an experimental asset market

We use experimental evidence from a complex trading environment to evaluate the rational expectations theory of information acquisition in an asset market. Although theoretical predictions correctly identify the main drivers of information acquisition in our experimental data, we observe much higher levels of information acquisition. Our evidence suggests that this comes about because the theory overstates the informativeness of trading and thus predicts that few agents will want to buy information. We use indicators such as trading volume to confirm that information acquisition is sensitive to the informativeness of trading. We also test three other theories presented in recent models in the tradition of the rational expectations approach. We find some confirmation that subjects have a strategic incentive to increase their own acquisition in reaction to the acquisition of others. On the other hand, we find no indications of wealth effects or overconfidence in our experimental setup. Overall our evidence suggests that more realistic assumptions, particularly about the informativeness of trading, are needed to accurately predict the levels of information acquisition.
Is the Canadian Banking System Really 'Stronger' than the U.S. One?

The Canadian banking system is considered one of the “best” in the world (Bordo et al., 2011). To examine this question we compare the risk-return trade-off of Canadian and U.S. banks in the context of market-based banking. We find that the sources of non-traditional income are actually more volatile in Canada, essentially because Canadian banks are more involved in trading and capital markets business lines than their U.S. peers. Even though U.S. banks are more exposed to securitization, which contributes to increase bank risk, our analysis does not allow us to conclude that the Canadian banking system is performing significantly better. On one hand, Canadian banks do better in downturns; on the other hand however, depending on the statistics, U.S. banks tend to benefit more from the transition to market-based banking.
Table L The Effects of a Variety of Agents on Neurite Outgrowth over 3 T 3 Fibroblasts

Abs t rac t . We have used monolayers of parental 3T3 cells and 3T3 cells expressing one of three transfected cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) (NCAM, N-cadherin, and L1) as a culture substrate for rat cerebellar neurons. A number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been tested for their ability to inhibit neurite outgrowth over parental 3T3 monolayers which we show to be partly dependent on neuronal integrin receptor function, as compared with neurite outgrowth stimuluted by the above three CAMs. Whereas genistein (100 gM), lavendustin A (20 gM), and tyrphostins 34 and 47 (both at 150 gM) had no effect on integrin dependent or CAM stimulated neurite outgrowth, the erbstatin analogue (10-15 #g/ml) and tyrphostins 23 and 25 (both at 150 gM) specifically inhibited the response stimulated by all three CAMs. CAM stimulated neurite outgrowth can be accounted for by a G-proteindependent activation of neuronal calcium channels; experiments with agents that directly activate this pathway localized the erbstatin analogue site of action upstream of the G-protein and calcium channels, whereas tyrphostins have sites of action downstream from calcium channel activation. These data suggest that activation of an erbstatin sensitive tyrosine kinase is an important step upstream of calcium channel activation in the second messenger pathway underlying the neurite outgrowth response stimulated by a variety of CAMs, and that this kinase is not required for integrindependent neurite outgrowth.
Pituitary Dysfunction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has not been precisely determined, and conflicting results have been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the prevalence of pituitary insufficiency after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and to focus on basal serum and dynamic test differences. METHODS The prevalence of pituitary dysfunction was quantified at 3 to 6 months and >6 months after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Proportions were transformed with the logit transformation. A subgroup analysis was performed focusing on the differences in outcome between basal serum and dynamic tests for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and secondary adrenal insufficiency. RESULTS Overall prevalence of hypopituitarism differed considerably between studies, ranging from 0.05 to 0.45 in studies performed between 3 and 6 months after the event and from 0 to 0.55 in long-term studies (>6 months), with pooled frequencies of 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-0.43) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.16-0.36), respectively. Pooled frequency of GHD at 3 to 6 months was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.08-0.24). At >6 months, GHD prevalence was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.13-0.26) overall, but ranged from 0.15 (95% CI: 0.06-0.33) with the insulin tolerance test to 0.25 (95% CI: 0.15-0.36) using the growth hormone releasing hormone + arginine test. CONCLUSION Hypopituitarism is a common complication in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, with GHD being the most prevalent diagnosis. We showed that variations in prevalence rates in the literature are partly due to methodological differences among pituitary function tests. ABBREVIATIONS ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormoneaSAH, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageGHD, growth hormone deficiencyGHRH, growth hormone-releasing hormoneGST, glucagon stimulation testIGF, insulin-like growth factor 1ITT, insulin tolerance testSAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Evolution of aerosol research in India and the RAWEX-GVAX: an overview

Climate change has great significance in Asia in general, and India in particular; and atmospheric aerosols have a decisive role in this. The climate forcing potential of aerosols is closely linked to their optical, microphysical and chemical properties. Systematic efforts to characterize these properties over the Indian region started about 5 decades ago, and evolved over the years through concerted efforts in the form of long-term scientific programmes as well as concerted fields experiments. All these have resulted in this activity becoming one of the most vibrant fields of climate research in India and have brought several important issues in the national and international foci. The field experiment, RAWEX-GVAX (Regional Aerosol Warming Experiment-Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment), conducted during 2011-12 jointly by the US Department of Energy, Indian Space Research Organization and Department of Science and Technology, has emerged as a direct outcome of the above efforts. This overview provides a comprehensive account of the development of aerosol-climate research in India and south Asia, and the accomplishment and newer issues that warranted the above field campaign. Details of RAWEX-GVAX, the major outcomes and the subsequent and more recent efforts are presented, followed by the way forward in this field for the next several years to come.
Audit Quality, Legal Systems, Investment Opportunity Set and Ownership Structure： Evidence From United States, France and Germany

This paper investigates the determinants of audit quality of three countries especially the United States, France and Germany belonging to three different legal systems. These determinants concern the legal system of country, investment opportunity set and ownership structure which have influence of audit quality.Empirical results show, initially, that specificities of legal system are positively associated with audit quality appreciated by size of audit firm. Then, the results reveal that investment opportunity set influences partially size of audit firm. Finally, ownership structure influences negatively the search for a high audit quality.
Costs of technical violation of accounting-based debt covenants

SYNOPSIS AND INTRODUCTION: Costs associated with the violation of accounting-based covenants in debt agreements are presumed to be material by both accounting regulators and researchers. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, for example, delayed the implementation of its pronouncement on pension reporting, SFAS No. 87, for two years to allow firms sufficient time to "renegotiate or to obtain waivers of provisions of some legal contracts" (FASB 1985, par. 260). Numerous studies in accounting research hypothesize that it is costly for firms to violate accounting covenants in debt agreements, and this supposition figures in research on such issues as the economic impact of mandated and voluntary accounting changes (see, e.g., Holthausen 1981; Leftwich 1981; Lys 1984) and the determinants of accounting choice (see, e.g., Trombley 1989; Zmijewski and Hagerman 1981). Although research in financial economics has studied some of the costs shareholders bear when there are debt service defaults or bankruptcy filings, the costs associated with technical violation-the violation of covenants other than debt service-have not been documented. This study investigates the costs of technical violation for a sample of 91 firms that violated accounting-based covenants in debt agreements between 1983 and 1987. The sample includes firms for which the technical violation was sufficiently material to merit disclosure. We provide direct evidence of refinancing and restructuring costs by examining changes in terms of debt agreements, and changes in investing and financing
An agency theory scale for financial services

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to draw on agency theory (AT) to develop and validate a scale to investigate customers’ loyalty towards salespersons under agency problems. Especially with credence services, customer-salesperson relationships are beset by problems that stem from personal differences and conflicts of interests. Design/methodology/approach – The context is financial investment services in Indonesia. Following Churchill’s (1979) procedure, initial qualitative surveys generated a pool of 44 items for the three AT asymmetries of risk, goal and information. Expert panel validation and exploratory factor analyses of a dataset (n = 429) confirmed a four-dimensional structure of 30 items. Finally, confirmatory factor analyses using a second dataset (n = 299) tested the effects of the four asymmetries on customer loyalty, and how the effects are moderated by customer trust and relationship duration. Findings – Overall, agency problems negatively influence customer loyalty. Information asymmet.
Research Methods for Business

Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach Sekaran, Uma & Bo Business Research Methods 3e. 806 Pages·2016·16.03 MB·5,676 Downloads·New! Business Research Methods 3e Alan Bryman|Emma Bell Business Research Methods. 110 Pages·2012·2.09 MB·5,306 Downloads. place e.g. full text or abstract or keywords rather than journal Business Research Methods Bu Research Methods for Graduate Business and S. Research Methods for Graduate Business and. Social Science Students. John Adams. 1.3 The nature of business and management research Management research is different from other kinds of research because it is transdisciplinary (multiple studies are involved with it) and it is a design science. Moreover, it has to be theoretically and methodologically accurate, while at the same time being of practical relevance in the business world. The researcher Michael Gibbons has introduced 3 modes of knowledge creation: Mode 1 – creating fundamental knowledge. Method – This is the longest section and reveals how the research will be conducted. It consists of two parts: Research design and data collection. Research design is an overall overview of the chosen method and provides the reason for choosing this method.     © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited Citation Hair, J.F. , Money, A.H. , Samouel, P. and Page, M. (2007), "Research Methods for Business", Education + Training, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 336-337. https://doi.org/10.1108/et.2007. 49.4. 336.2  Download as . RIS
Role of endogenous melatonin in the oxidative homeostasis of the extracellular striatal compartment: a microdialysis study in PC12 cells in vitro and in the striatum of freely moving rats

Abstract: A capillary apparatus for in vitro microdialysis was used to investigate melatonin and ascorbic acid effects on dopamine (DA) autoxidation or nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated oxidation in suspended PC12 cells. Following high K+ (KCl 75 mm) infusion, secreted DA underwent a partial autoxidation or peroxynitrite‐mediated oxidation when the potential peroxynitrite generator 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1, 1.0 mm) was co‐infused with KCl. Ascorbic acid was supplied to the medium by means of intracellular reduction of infused dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) (5.0 mm). Melatonin (50 μm) and DHAA showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting DA autoxidation and peroxynitrite‐mediated DA oxidation. Moreover, melatonin increased dialysate recovery of ascorbic acid released from PC12 cells. Endogenous melatonin was depleted in rats maintained on a 24‐hr light cycle for 1 wk. In melatonin‐depleted rats, baseline levels of dialysate ascorbic acid were lower than controls, while those of DA were unaffected. In these rats, intrastriatal infusion of 5.0 mm SIN‐1 induced DA increases significantly lower than in controls; in addition, dialysate ascorbic acid concentrations exhibited significant decreases. Melatonin co‐infusion restored SIN‐1 effects on dialysate DA and antagonized SIN‐1‐induced ascorbic acid decreases. Melatonin‐depleted rats were allowed to recover. In these rats, striatal baseline ascorbic acid, as well as SIN‐1‐induced increases in dialysate DA did not differ from controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that endogenous melatonin is an active component of the striatal extracellular antioxidant pool, as it maintains endogenous ascorbic acid in its reduced status and co‐operates with ascorbic acid in protecting extracellular DA from exogenous NO‐mediated oxidation.
Conservative management with symptomatic treatment and delayed hormonal manipulation is justified in men with locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate.

OBJECTIVE To examine the clinical course following surveillance and symptomatic treatment, and compare the outcomes of immediate and delayed hormonal treatment in men with locally advanced prostatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of a consecutive series of 199 men (mean age 74 years) with T2-T4 Nx M0 prostatic cancer, 110 (55%) were followed until death and the rest had a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. Fifty-one men received immediate orchidectomy, 88 had this treatment delayed until metastatic progression, and 60 had the treatment in the intervening period. The actuarial survival was compared with the expected survival for an age-matched healthy population in Scotland. The adjusted effect of the timing for hormonal manipulation was assessed by including it with age, Gleason score and clinical stage in a multiple Cox regression. RESULTS The actuarial survival for the whole group was 17% less at 5 years and 15% less at 10 years when compared with the expected survival for an age-matched population in Scotland. This was despite the fact that their nodal status was unknown and also those with occult metastasis (elevated serum prostatic acid phosphatase, M1a) at presentation were not excluded. In terms of metastatic progression, overall survival and cause-specific survival, there was no significant difference between immediate and delayed hormonal treatment. CONCLUSION A conservative approach with surveillance and symptomatic treatment for locally advanced prostatic cancer is justified by the present evidence on disease progression and survival, which do not differ from alternative methods of treatment as reported in contemporary literature. This study has the limitations relative to the ideal of a prospective randomized trial on immediate versus delayed hormonal treatment, but the lack of significant differences in outcome even after adjustment for other established prognostic factors does suggest that there may be little to be gained from an immediate orchidectomy.
Pituitary Adenylyl Cyclase-Activating Peptides and α-Amidation in Olfactory Neurogenesis and Neuronal Survival In Vitro

We investigated the role of amidated neuropeptides, and specifically pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), in olfactory neurogenesis and olfactory receptor neuronal survival. Using both immunohistochemistry and in situhybridization, we find that both peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), the enzyme responsible for amidation and therefore activation of all amidated neuropeptides, and amidated PACAP are expressed in developing and adult olfactory epithelium. Amidated PACAP is highly expressed in proliferative basal cells and in immature olfactory neurons. The PACAP-specific receptor PAC1receptor is also expressed in this population, establishing that these cells can be PACAP responsive. Experiments were conducted to determine whether amidated neuropeptides, such as PACAP38, might function in olfactory neurogenesis and neuronal survival. Addition of PACAP38 to olfactory cultures increased the number of neurons to >250% of control and stimulated neuronal proliferation and survival. In primary olfactory cultures, pharmacologically decreased PAM activity, as well as neutralization of PACAP38, caused neuron-specific loss that was reversed by PACAP38. Mottled (Brindled) mice, which lack a functional ATP7A copper transporter and serve as a model for Menkes disease, provided an in vivo partial loss-of-function PAM knock-out. These mice had decreased amidated PACAP production and concomitant decreased numbers of olfactory receptor neurons. These data establish amidated peptides and specifically PACAP as having important roles in proliferation in the olfactory system and suggest that a similar function exists in vivo.