Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effect of Amniotic Membrane Suspension and Autologous Serum on Alkaline Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing in the Rabbit Model

Purpose: Alkaline corneal epithelial wound closure rates in rabbit eyes were compared after topical applications of amniotic membrane suspension, autologous serum, or preservative-free artificial tears. Methods: Thirty rabbits were divided into 3 randomization groups of 10 rabbits each. Central corneal alkali wound was produced in both eyes of the rabbits by applying a 5-mm round filter paper, soaked in 1 N NaOH, for 60 seconds. Group 1 animals received preservative-free artificial tears in 1 eye and amniotic membrane suspension in the other eye; group 2 animals received preservative-free artificial tears in 1 eye and autologous serum in the other eye; and group 3 animals received autologous serum in 1 eye and amniotic membrane suspension in the other eye. The treatment was dosed 4 times a day with the eyedrops, and epithelial wound closure was recorded using slit lamp. The data were analyzed to determine the rate of wound closure. Results: The mean wound radius closure rate was 67.8 ± 5.2 μm/h for autologous serum-treated eyes, 74.5 ± 5.4 μm/h for amniotic membrane suspension-treated eyes, and 66.8 ± 5.0 μm/h for preservative-free artificial tear-treated eyes. Conclusions: This study shows that alkali-injured corneal epithelial wounds heal faster when treated with amniotic membrane suspension than with autologous serum or preservative-free artificial tears.
Long‐term outcomes in breast cancer patients undergoing immediate 2‐stage expander/implant reconstruction and postmastectomy radiation

Breast reconstruction with tissue expander (TE)/permanent implant (PI) followed by postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) is an increasingly popular treatment for breast cancer patients. The long‐term rates of permanent implant removal or replacement (PIRR) and clinical outcomes in patients treated with a uniform reconstructive surgery and radiation regimen were evaluated.
Protective effects of α-tocopherol and tiopronin against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity

Objective To investigate the possible protective effects of α-tocopherol and tiopronin against cisplatin-induced cochlear damage. Cisplatin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity seem to result from the inhibition of cochlear antioxidant defences, causing an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants, such as α-tocopherol and tiopronin, are able to suppress lipid peroxidation, thus attenuating tissue damage. Material and Methods Hartley albino guinea pigs were used. The animals were treated for 7 consecutive days with either (I) cisplatin alone, (II) cisplatin+α-tocopherol acetate, (III) cisplatin+tiopronin, (IV) cisplatin+α-tocopherol acetate+tiopronin, (V) α-tocopherol acetate alone or (VI) tiopronin alone. Changes in cochlear function were characterized by means of compound action potential threshold shifts. After the functional testing, tympanic bullae were removed and processed for morphological examination of the sensorineural epithelium. Renal function was evaluated by measuring serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Results Cisplatin induced progressive high-frequency hearing loss of 40–50 dB SPL. α-Tocopherol and tiopronin co-therapy significantly slowed the progression of hearing loss. Treatment with α-tocopherol acetate or tiopronin alone was less effective. Morphological observations showed an important loss of outer hair cells and degeneration of the organ of Corti in the basal and middle turns. Injection of both α-tocopherol and tiopronin reduced cochlear outer hair cell loss more than treatment with a single drug. Beneficial effects of α-tocopherol and tiopronin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were observed. Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that α-tocopherol and tiopronin interfere with cisplatin-induced damage, and suggests that concurrent treatment with the two drugs can be useful in protecting against hearing loss.
Neurologic Heuristics and Artistic Whimsy: The Cerebral Cartography Of Wilder Penfield

Neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield played a singularly important role in expanding our knowledge of functional neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in the twentieth century. Trained under Charles Sherrington, William Osler, and Otfrid Foerster, Penfield was an early leader in efforts to map the cerebral cortex via direct electrical stimulation of the brain. In 1937, Penfield introduced an entirely new concept for illustrating the relative sizes and locations of discrete functional regions within the sensorimotor cortex–—the homunculus—to exemplify the “order and comparative extent” of specific functional regions. Over the subsequent two decades, Penfield and colleagues introduced several more “little men” to portray the functional maps of other important brain structures (i.e., supplementary motor area, insular cortex, thalamus). These later homunculi were more crudely drawn, and Penfield referred to them as essentially heuristic devices. The actual intent in producing these homunculi remains uncertain, and despite the extraordinary impact of these artistic renderings on the field, the question is raised as to whether the allure of the artwork seemed to wrest control from—and then to guide—the dissemination of science, rather than the other way around.
Broca and Charcot’s Research on Jacques Inaudi:The Psychological and Anthropological Study of a Mental Calculator

In the nineteenth century, French scientific institutions became interested in young “mental calculators,” arithmetical prodigies able to quickly and accurately perform complex mental calculations. The first scientists to study mental calculators were phrenologists who sought to prove the existence of a calculating organ in the frontal lobe. Paul Broca introduced one such mental calculator, Jacques Inaudi, to the Anthropological Society of Paris in 1880. Broca attributed extraordinary faculty for mental calculation to memory functioning (the psychological hypothesis) rather than physiological difference (the phrenological hypothesis). In 1892, prominent French Academy of Sciences member Jean-Martin Charcot produced a noteworthy study of Inaudi on the organization’s behalf. Charcot observed that Inaudi called upon auditory memory rather than visual memory in his mental calculations, unlike most mental calculators who preceded him. Like Broca, Charcot was skeptical of the phrenological hypothesis, though he noted that Inaudi’s skull was markedly plagiocephalic. Interestingly, anthropological examination of Inaudi is consistent with the themes of modern cognitive neuroscience. Thus, Charcot seems to have anticipated present research on the localization of mental calculation and memory for numbers. 1. 1The Academy of Sciences, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV (1638–1715) with the goal of contributing to the advancement and application of the sciences in France, was one of the earliest European scientific institutions. As a prestigious society, it played an active role in defining scientific and technological research policy as well as drafting and publishing official reports.
Castration‐resistant prostate cancer: Many treatments, many options, many challenges ahead

Although the long natural history of prostate cancer presents challenges in the development of novel therapeutics, major contributions have been observed recently. A better understanding of the long‐term complications of androgen deprivation has changed the initial approach to most patients with advanced disease. Specifically, recognition of the limitations of prostate‐specific antigen has driven the pursuit of new tools capable of becoming true surrogates for disease outcome. Understanding the molecular biology of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has led to a dramatic paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with metastatic disease where the androgen receptor becomes a central therapeutic target. Specific adrenal inhibitors and engineered super androgen receptor inhibitors have become the most promising agents in the disease. Novel immune therapies have been shown to improve survival in selected patients with castration‐resistant disease despite the inability to impact traditional markers of response. Similarly, agents such as cabazitaxel and abiraterone acetate have demonstrated clinical benefit are now a standard of care in docetaxel‐refractory metastatic CRPC patients. All these changes have occurred in a relatively short period and are likely to change the prostate cancer treatment paradigm. This review summarizes the current management of CRPC and discusses potential future directions. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Patient satisfaction with healthcare delivery systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insight, exploratory research, and support for the strategic use of hospital secondary support functions as an initial strategy for marketing healthcare, increasing patient volume, and expanding patient satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – This research paper is based upon longitudinal patient satisfaction and perception studies following both emergency room and elective‐stay hospitalization visits in Beirut. Exploratory statistical methods are used to examine substantial data comprising over 300 patient stays. Comprehensive information is presented which illustrates patient perceptions, their inflection points, and the importance of this knowledge in the marketing of hospitals and health care systems.Findings – This research paper presents that patient perceptions are significantly influenced by hospital support functions. Further, these perceptions determine hospital reputation, influence future patient demands, and are integral to the understandin.
Long-Term Evaluation of Complications and Results of Photorefractive Keratectomy in Myopia: An 8-Year Follow-Up

Purpose: To evaluate 8-year results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia in terms of safety, efficacy, stability, and late complications. Methods: From 371 myopic eyes of 203 patients who underwent PRK using NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser with 5.5- to 6-mm ablation zones in Basir Eye Center, Tehran, Iran, during 1997-1998, data of 179 myopic eyes of 98 patients, who participated in annual examinations, were analyzed. Treated eyes were divided into 3 groups according to preoperative refraction: low myopia [≤−6.00 diopters (D)], moderate myopia (−6.10 to −10.00 D), and high myopia (>−10.00 D). The main outcome measures were safety, efficacy, stability, and postoperative complications. Results: Eight years after PRK, 69.64%, 44.44%, and 45.65% of the low, moderate, and high myopic groups were within ±0.5 D of emmetropia. Sixteen eyes (4.31% of original cases) underwent retreatment mainly because of regression. Although a small myopic shift occurred up to 8 years after surgery, changes in myopic regression stabilized in all myopic groups within 24 months. Four eyes (2.06%) lost 2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (1 eye for corneal haze and other 3 for problems not related to refractive surgery). Corneal haze occurred in 11.34% especially in medium and high myopic groups, but it cleared within 2 years in 68.2% of cases. Conclusions: Based on our study, PRK seems to be a safe, efficient, and stable surgical procedure, and if patients obtain a good result with the initial treatment, then their results are relatively stable over time.
Neurocinematography in Pre-World War II Netherlands: The Magnus-Rademaker Collection

Historical films made by neuroscientists have shown up in several countries during past years. Although originally supposed to have been lost, we recently found a collection of films produced between 1909 and 1940 by Rudolf Magnus (1873–1927), professor of pharmacology (Utrecht) and his student Gysbertus Rademaker (1887–1957), professor of physiology (1928, succeeding Willem Einthoven) and neurology (1945, both in Leiden). Both collections deal with the physiology of body posture by the equilibrium of reflex musculature contractions for which experimental studies were done with animals (labyrinthectomies, cerebellectomies, and brainstem sections) and observations on patients. The films demonstrate the results of these studies. Moreover, there are films with babies showing tonic neck reflexes and moving images capturing adults with cerebellar symptoms following cerebellectomies for tumors and several other conditions. Magnus’ studies resulted in his well-known Körperstellung (1924, “Body Posture”) and Rademaker’s research in his Das Stehen (1931, “Standing”). The films probably had an educative and scientific purpose. Magnus demonstrated his films at congresses, including the Eighth International Congress of Physiologists (Vienna, 1910) and Rademaker screened his moving images at meetings of the Amsterdam Neurologists Society (at several occasions as reflected in the Winkler-Monakow correspondence and the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde). Next to these purposes, the films were used to analyze movement and a series of images from the films were published in articles and books. The films are important historical sources that provide a portrait of the pre-World War II era in neuroscience, partly answering questions on how physicians dealt with patients and researchers with their laboratory animals. Moreover, the films confirm that cinematography was an important scientific tool in neuroscience research.
Candida Keratitis After Descemet Stripping and Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty

Purpose: To report the donor-to-host transmission of Candida albicans after Descemet stripping and automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Methods: An 80-year-old woman with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy developed an infiltrate in the donor corneal lenticule after DSAEK. Results: Donor corneoscleral rim cultures grew C. albicans. Gram stain of the removed corneal lenticule demonstrated budding yeast and pseudohyphae, and cultures yielded C. albicans. Despite topical and systemic antifungal therapy and therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, the patient developed a blind painful eye and underwent enucleation. Conclusions: This case report indicates that fungal keratitis may occur from donor-to-host transmission after DSAEK. The location of the infected tissue poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the surgeon.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Level of Asthma Controller Therapy Before Admission to the Hospital

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Pressure mapping as a complement in clinical sitting analysis in children during activity

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pressure mapping can be used as a complement in sitting analysis. The purpose was also to study test–retest reliability and to obtain reference values in healthy children. The children performed a structured activity sitting on the pressure mat. The variables studied in children 4–15 years of age were the mean pressure distribution of one half of the body in relation to the whole sitting surface and the transfer of the centre of pressure (COP) in target reaching in relation to the calculated mean COP when sitting still. The standard deviation for the mean COP was calculated and test–retest for reliability was performed. The results showed significant differences between the youngest children and children 8–15 years of age concerning the transfer of COP sideways and in standard deviation of mean COP sideways. The results for weight distribution, COP transfer sideways and deviation from mean COP sideways were repeatable and consistent with studies of postural control in children. Pressure mapping was considered feasible as a complement to qualitative sitting analysis when looking at seat load symmetry, transfer of COP sideways and deviation from mean COP sideways. Reference values were gathered and can be used as comparison in future studies of children with disabilities.
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Scrotum: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 10 Cases

Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) located on the scrotum is rare. Objective To analyze clinical and pathologic features, discuss therapeutic strategies, and identify prognostic factors of scrotal BCC in Chinese patients. Materials and Methods Between 2000 and 2010, 10 patients with scrotal BCC were diagnosed and treated at our institution. A review was performed using the clinical records and dermatopathologic slides of these patients. Results The median patient age was 70. Skin lesions presented as red nodules and brownish plaques. All patients were treated using wide excision without adjuvant therapy. After an average follow‐up of 47 months, eight patients were in good health without any relapse. One patient developed left inguinal lymph node metastasis at 21 months that was successfully treated using bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. One patient developed bilateral pulmonary metastasis at 48 months and was palliatively treated with chemotherapy. The clinical and histopathologic risk factors predisposing to metastasis were large primary neoplasms; a long period of misdiagnosis; and infiltrating, morpheaform, spiky, irregular outline pathologic patterns. Conclusions BCC of the scrotum is rare. It can metastasize after a long period of initial therapy. Long‐term surveillance including a complete metastatic examination is recommended for these patients.
An open‐label, phase 2 trial of RPI.4610 (angiozyme) in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer

Serum and plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) correlate with prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). VEGF binds to 2 receptors on endothelial cells, VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2. RPI.4610 (Angiozyme0) is an antiangiogenic ribozyme targeting the VEGFR‐1 mRNA. Preclinical and phase 1 studies suggested that RPI.4610 is a well‐tolerated agent with clinical activity in solid tumors. The authors' trial evaluated the efficacy of RPI.4610 in the treatment of patients with progressive MBC.
Gene expression identifies heterogeneity of metastatic propensity in high‐grade soft tissue sarcomas

Metastatic propensity of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is heterogeneous and may be determined by gene expression patterns that do not correlate well with morphology. The authors have reported gene expression patterns that distinguish 2 broad classes of clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC‐gene set), and other patterns that can distinguish heterogeneity of serous ovarian carcinoma (OVCA‐gene set) and aggressive fibromatosis (AF‐gene set); however, clinical follow‐up data were not available for these samples.
You say tomato? Collaborative remembering leads to more false memories for intimate couples than for strangers

Research on memory conformity shows that collaborative remembering—typically in the form of discussion—can influence people's memories. One question that remains is whether it matters with whom we discuss our memories. To address this question we compared people's memories for an event after they discussed that event with either their romantic partner or a stranger. Pairs of subjects watched slightly different versions of a movie, and then discussed some details from the movie, but not others. Subjects were better at remembering non-discussed details than discussed details: when remembering discussed details they incorrectly reported information from their partner's version instead of their own. In addition, subjects who discussed the event with their romantic partner (rather than with a stranger) were even more likely to report false memories. We discuss our findings in relation to other research on memory conformity, social influences on false memories, and memory systems within romantic relationships.
Dermoscopic Findings in Biopsy‐Proven Poromas

Poroma refers to a group of cutaneous neoplasms of eccrine or apocrine ductal epithelial cells. Histopathologically, poroma reveals aggregations of uniform basaloid cells that extend from the basal layer of the epidermis into the dermis. It is composed of cells similar to those of the acrosyringium, namely cuticular and poroid cells (Figure 1). Tubules can be seen within areas of cuticular cells. Poromas can be subcategorized histopathologically, based on the location of the basaloid aggregations in relation to the epidermis, into four main variants: hidroacanthoma simplex, eccrine poroma, dermal duct tumor, and poroid hidradenoma. Although poromas have traditionally been referred to as eccrine in origin, there are reports of “poromas” with differentiation toward the folliculo-sebaceous–apocrine unit. For simplicity, we refer to this group of neoplasms as poromas, unmodified.
False recognition following study of semantically related lists presented in jumbled word form

Three experiments explored a jumbled word effect in false recognition. Lists of theme-related items were presented in word or nonword form. Results indicated that critical lures semantically related to studied items were falsely recognised regardless of whether they were presented as words or nonwords. High false recognition rates to either SLEEP or SELEP following study of an appropriate theme list of items in nonword form should only occur if nonwords are recoded at study. With study conditions conducive to recoding, jumbled words induced false recognitions based on semantic associations among their respective base words. Disrupting a recoding process by creating “difficult” letter rearrangements for jumbled words (Experiment 2) appeared to eliminate the false recognition effect. In Experiment 3, presentation durations ranged from 110 ms to 880 ms. Although there was little evidence of a semantic false recognition effect at the fastest presentation rate, the brief durations appeared to be effective in eliminating the effect when items were studied in nonword form. These results appear to be consistent with an encoding activation/retrieval monitoring model.
Hyphal Penetration of Worn Hydrogel Contact Lenses by Fusarium

Purpose: To determine the relative susceptibility of worn and unworn hydrogel contact lenses to penetration by hyphae of the Fusarium solani-Fusarium oxysporum species complex. Methods: Hydrogel contact lenses (lotrafilcon A, balafilcon A, senofilcon A, galyfilcon A, and etafilcon A) were removed from their original packages and placed directly on the eyes of 24 experienced contact lens wearers for 8-9 hours. Lenses were removed, each placed in 3.0 mL sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and inoculated with 104 conidia of fusaria. Similar sets of unworn lenses were soaked in Sabouraud's dextrose broth for 2 hours prior to exposure to fusaria conidia in PBS. The entire surface of lenses was examined with microscopy for 14 days for the development of coiled hyphae in the lens matrix (ie, penetration pegs [PP]). Results: A total of 21 of 54 worn hydrogel lenses representing 4 types of silicone hydrogel and one type of hydroxyethylmethacrylate lens were penetrated by the fusaria. Compared to unworn lenses, 9 of the 21 PP-positive worn lenses showed earlier and more extensive penetration than seen with the unworn lenses. Several worn lenses compared to their unworn counterparts showed negligible or delayed penetration. Conclusions: Worn hydrogel contact lenses without a history of exposure to disinfection solutions compared to unworn lenses of similar status may show enhanced or decreased susceptibilities to penetration by Fusarium. This suggests that tear characteristics are an additional factor in the invasive contamination of hydrogel contact lenses by Fusarium.