Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Rifametane, a New 3-Azinomethyl-rifamycin Derivative, in Several Animal Species

Summary Single and repeated dose experiments in mice, rats, dogs and monkeys are reported in this study to assess the pharmacokinetics and tissue districution of rifametane, a new semi-synthetic rifamycin with the chemical formula 3-[(1-diethylaminoethylidene)azinomethyl]rifamy-cin SV (CAS 94168-98-6, SPA-S-565). All the kinetic tests were carried out in comparison with known rifamycin derivatives, as rifampicin (CAS 13292-46-1) or rifamycin SV (CAS 6998-60-3). Mice received single i.v. and oral administration of 10 mg/kg of rifametane or of rifampicin and serum samples were obtained up to 96 h after dosing. The two antibiotics showed similar peak of serum concentrations, but rifametane showed a longer half-life and higher AUC values. In an additional experiment, the tissue/serum ratio after the 10 mg/kg oral dose was lower than unity for lungs and kidneys, while the liver/serum ratio exceeded the unity at all sampling times. After 4 weeks of once weekly administration measurable serum and tissue concentrations were observed, and after twice weekly administration for the same time period some blood and tissue accumulation was seen. Rats were treated with a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of rifametane or rifampicin and with single oral or i.m. administration of 60 mg/kg of rifametane or reference standards (rifampicin and rifamycin SV resp.), in two separate trials. The serum half-life of the test antibiotic after i.v. dose was 6 times longer than that of rifampicin and the serum concentrations of rifametane after oral and i.m. doses were higher and longer-lasting than those of the reference compounds. Repeated daily administrations of rifametane at three dose levels (3, 10, 30 mg/kg p.o.) for 4 weeks induced very high serum and liver concentrations. Dogs received a single oral dose of 1.25 mg/kg of rifametane or 2.5 mg/kg of rifampicin. The serum half-life of rifametane resulted 3 times longer than that of rifampicin. Remarkable serum and tissue concentrations were observed after 3-4 weeks of daily oral administration of rifametane at 3, 10, 30 mg/kg dose. Monkeys were given single oral or i.m. administration of 30 mg/kg of rifametane or reference standards (oral rifampicin and i.m. rifamycin SV). The serum concentrations after rifametane were higher and more sustained than those of reference compounds and the half-lives of the test antibiotic were about 2.5 (p.o.) to 6 times (i.m.) longer. The urine excretion of rifametane after a single intravenous dose in rats and a single oral dose in dogs was very low, while rifampicin had a little higher urine concentrations.
Plant Characteristics and Control Changes: Does Parent Firm's Nationality Matter?

Abstract Building on the literature regarding the motivations of plant control changes, this paper adds foreign and domestic ownership dimension. We differentiate plants' parent firms' nationality being foreign and domestic, pre- and post- control changes, to capture whether motivations leading to plant control changes manifest differently across and within the foreign-domestic ownership dichotomy. We group plants' control changes into four categories: plants shifted control from one domestic firm to another (D-to-D); from one domestic firm to one foreign firm (D-to-F), from one foreign firm to another (F-to-F), and from one foreign firm to one domestic firm (F-to-D). Using the sample of Canadian manufacturing plants from 1973 to 1999, we find that plants characteristics, along with their controlling firms' nationality, are instrumental to presage plants' control changes. There is a common set of factors in domestic plants leading to D-to-D and D-to-F control changes, reflecting the motivations of plant control changes as synergies or as market disciplinary forces. F-to-F control changes share some of the common factors as in D-to-F, indicating that foreign firms look for a specific set of factors in plants to acquire. The different pattern associated with F-to-D implies that it is a special category.
Automated identification of gram-positive bacteria

A total of 451 strains of gram-positive bacteria were identified with a prototype of the Gram-Positive Identification card used in conjunction with the AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.). Of the species that the Gram-Positive Identification card is capable of identifying, 85% of staphylococcal, 50% of beta-hemolytic group A, B, C, F, and G streptococcal, 91% of group D streptococcal, 100% of pneumococcal, 63% of viridans streptococcal, and 100% of Listeria monocytogenes strains tested displayed Gram-Positive Identification card identifications that were in agreement with identifications obtained by conventional methods.
The Human Resource Architecture: Toward a Theory of Human Capital Allocation and Development

Recognizing, that not all employees possess knowledge and skills that are of equal strategic importance, we draw on the resource-based view of the firm, human capital theory, and transaction cost economics to develop a human resource architecture of four different employment modes: internal development, acquisition, contracting, and alliance. We use this architecture to derive research questions for studying the relationships among employment modes, employment relationships, human resource configurations, and criteria for competitive advantage.
The relationship between strategic orientation, service innovation, and performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine how a firm's strategic orientation affects service innovation capability and the resulting impact on market performance.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was administered to supply chain executives. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among the following constructs: customer orientation, competitor orientation, cost orientation, service innovation, and market performance.Findings – Although the relationship between cost orientation and service innovation is not supported, the relationships between customer orientation and competitor orientation and service innovation are supported. Additionally, the relationship between service innovation and market performance is supported.Research limitations/implications – This study is one of a limited number of studies which has empirically addressed service innovation. Additional research is needed to address the impact of a firm's strategic orientation on product innovation capa.
Relationship between the Degree of Endolymphatic Hydrops and Electrocochleography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the endolymphatic space image obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the results of electrocochleography. Electrocochleography recordings were obtained from 25 ears of 24 patients, who underwent MRI 1 day after the intratympanic injection of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid bismethylamide. The average summating potential to action potential (SP/AP) ratio in patients with significant endolymphatic hydrops in the cochlea was 54 ± 17%. However, in some patients who had significant endolymphatic hydrops in the cochlea, the SP/AP ratio was not enlarged. This may imply that elevation of the SP/AP ratio is related to not only the degree of endolymphatic hydrops but also to the persistence of hydrops.
Thermal evolution of Monte Blanco dome: Low‐angle normal faulting during Gulf of California rifting and late Eocene denudation of the eastern Peninsular Ranges

Footwall rocks of the Cañada David detachment fault, northeastern Baja California, record late Eocene‐earliest Oligocene and late Neogene cooling events previously unrecognized in the region. Biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of ∼65 Ma reflect slow cooling through ∼350°C, 5 to 10 m.y. later than is typical in the region. Multiple diffusion domain modeling of K feldspar 40Ar/39Ar release spectra shows very slow cooling (∼1°C/m.y.) from ∼65 to ∼45 Ma. Accelerated cooling from ∼315°C to ∼215°C between ∼45 and ∼33 Ma records at least 3–4 km of denudation that we relate to east‐side‐up reactivation of late Cretaceous structures that generally follow the oceanic‐continental suture. Previously established rivers flowing west from mainland Mexico apparently became further entrenched during this uplift and continued to supply distinctive rhyolitic detritus to the coast. Ultimately, surface uplift disrupted and rerouted the extraregional rivers some 2 to 6 m.y. before the cooling event ended. Footwall rocks remained nearly isothermal from ∼30 to ∼15–10 Ma, when renewed rapid cooling (33° ± 17°C/m.y.) began in response to footwall exhumation by top‐to‐the‐west low‐angle normal faulting that accommodated rift‐related extension in what finally became the Gulf of California. Apatite fission track and (U‐Th)/He ages of ∼5 Ma and ∼4 Ma, respectively, record final detachment‐related cooling through ∼110°C to ∼70°C. Thermal‐kinematic modeling suggests that 5–7 km of late Neogene tectonic denudation and 10–12 km of horizontal extension were necessary in order to unroof the samples by 2 Ma. Additional extension, of unknown magnitude, has probably occurred subsequently. Geodetically measured horizontal extension rates are considerably higher than the long‐term extension rate that can be attributed to detachment faulting.
The Impact Of Cash Flow Information On The Forecasts Provided By Financial Analysts, Considering The Quality Of Earnings

In the present study, the impact of publishing more precise and better-structured cash flow information on financial analysts’ forecast will be examined . Even though the change in standards presently under study may be principally deemed to be cosmetic, it does appear to have allowed financial analysts to generate more accurate forecasts of future earnings. An increase in the dispersion of these forecasts, more especially when dealing with enterprises providing a high quality of earnings, is also noted.
Intelligence of children with diabetes mellitus.

I.Q. tests were administered to 38 pairs of diabetic and nondiabetic children. In each family the nondiabetic child was a randomly selected sibling of the diabetic child. No relation was found between I.Q. difference (diabetic I.Q. - sibling I.Q.) and duration of illness. Children in whom diabetes began before the age of 5 years had significantly lower I.Q. 's than their nondiabetic siblings. There was no statistical difference between the diabetic and his sibling when the disease began after 5 years of age. A suggestive relationship (but not statistically significant) was found between the number of episodes of hypoglycemia and acidosis and the magnitude of the I.Q. difference between diabetics and siblings for those with onset of disease before 5 years of age.
The Agency Theory Applied to the Investment Funds

This article seeks to verify the existence of a relationship between the rate of remuneration charged by the administrators of investment funds and the profitability of these portfolios, under the perspective of the Agency Theory. The Agency Theory seeks to explain the conflicts of interest that can arise from the contractual relationship between a principal and an agent. The agent is the individual who, motivated by his own interests, undertakes to do certain tasks for the principal. This work was developed from a bibliographical review and, based on experimental research, empirical investigations were made, the principal object of which was the test of the hypothesis with relation to cause-effect that could exist between the administration tax and the profitability of the investment funds. However, the results obtained by means of the use of statistical tests did not sustain the hypothesis raised in this work.
THE MAGNITUDE AND THE FEATURES OF TAX COMPLIANCE COSTS OF LARGE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA 1

In this first research on the compliance costs of large corporate taxpayers in Indonesia, it is discovered that the aggregate costs are significant, estimated to be IDR 12.3 trillion, and account for 3.16% of tax revenue for large corporations and 0.19% of the Gross Domestic Product in 2010.The average costs per large company are IDR420,933,442 (around A$55,000 with the exchange rate at the time when the research was undertaken). The costs differ across the various economic sectors. The majority of the costs are incurred on human resources in the companies (staff, managers, directors). The research shows that costs are regressive in terms of the number of employees, the amount of total assets, the annual turnover, and the tax payments. The components of compliance costs are broken down into: routine and non-routine costs 86% and 14%, internal and external costs 73% and 27%, computational costs and planning costs 73% and 27%, respectively. Cash flow benefits and tax deductibility benefits, both being offsets of gross costs, represent 24% and 25% of gross compliance costs respectively. Regarding the attitude toward the tax administration and its tax reform, the majority of respondents agree (with various percentages) that in general the administration is now better in terms of the quality of human resources, technology, system and procedures. However, around half of the respondents (53.62%) state that closer guidance and supervision to the taxpayers does not affect the compliance costs.
Named entity recognition : challenges in document annotation, gazetteer construction and disambiguation

The '��information explosion'�� has generated unprecedented amount of published information that is still growing at an astonishing rate. As the amount of information grows, the problem of managing the information becomes challenging. A key to this challenge rests on the technology of Information Extraction, which automatically transforms un-structured textual data into structured representation that can be interpreted and manipulated by machines. It is recognised that a fundamental task in Information Extraction is Named Entity Recognition, the goals of which are identifying references of named entities in unstructured documents, and classifying them into pre-defined semantic categories. Further, due to the polysemous nature of natural language, name references are often ambiguous. Resolving ambiguity concerns recognising the true referent entity of a name ref-erence, essentially a further named entity â��recognitionâ�� step and often a compulsory process required by tasks built on top of NER. This research presents a body of work aimed at addressing three research questions for NER. The first question concerns effective and efficient methods for training data annotation, which is the task of creating essential training examples for machine learning based NER methods. The second question studies automatically generating background knowledge for NER in the form of gazetteers, which are often critical resources to improve the performance of NER methods. The third question addresses resolving ambiguous name references, a further â��recognitionâ�� step that ensures the output of NER to be usable by many complex tasks and applications. For each research question, the related literature has been carefully studied and their limitations have been identified and discussed. New hypotheses and methods have been pro-posed, leading to a number of contributions: - an approach to training data annotation for supervised NER methods, based on the study of annotator suitability and suitability based task allocation; - a method of automatically expanding existing gazetteers of pre-defined semantic categories exploiting the structure and knowledge of Wikipedia; - a method of automatically generating untyped gazetteers for NER based on the â��topic-representativenessâ�� of words in documents; - a method of named entity disambiguation based on maximising the semantic relatedness between candidate entities in a text discourse; - a review of lexical semantic relatedness measures; and a new lexical semantic relatedness measure that harnesses knowledge from different resources. The proposed methods have been evaluated by carefully designed experiments, following the standard practice in each related research area. The results have confirmed the validity of their corresponding hypotheses, as well as the empirical effectiveness of these methods. Overall it is believed that this research has made solid contribution to the re-search of NER and related areas.
NMDA receptor antagonism blocks the cardiovascular responses to microinjection of trans‐ACPD into the NTS of awake rats

The possible interaction of glutamatergic metabotropic agonists and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors was investigated in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of awake rats. The cardiovascular responses to unilateral microinjection of trans‐1‐amino‐1,3‐cyclopentanediocarboxylic acid (trans‐ACPD; 250 pmol/50 nL) into the NTS (n= 8) produced hypotension (−64 ± 4 mmHg) and bradycardic (−206 ± 11 bpm) responses, which were blocked by previous microinjection of 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (AP‐5; 10 nmol/50 nL), a selective antagonist of NMDA ionotropic receptors, into the same site. Intravenous injection of methyl‐atropine blocked both the bradycardic and hypotensive responses to microinjection of trans‐ACPD into the NTS, indicating that the hypotension was secondary to the intense bradycardic response. The data also showed that the bradycardic and hypotensive responses to microinjection of an NMDA agonist (10 pmol/50 nL) into the NTS were not affected by previous microinjection of α‐methyl‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG; 5 nmol/50 nL), a non‐selective antagonist of metabotropic receptors. The results showing that the cardiovascular responses to microinjection of trans‐ACPD into the NTS were blocked by AP‐5 indicate that the responses to metabotropic agonists in the NTS involves NMDA receptors.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Parenting, and Marital Adjustment among a Civilian Population

While psychopathology in general is linked to poorer marital and parental satisfaction, there is a paucity of data regarding these interactions in parents with Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study addresses this issue among a civilian population. Two hundred trauma-exposed parents, mean age of 37.2, 62% mothers, were assessed using self-report questionnaires, for background variables, PTSD symptoms using the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), marital satisfaction (Dyadic Adjustment Scale, DAS-7), parenting behavior (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, APQ-9), and parenting satisfaction (Parenting Satisfaction Questionnaire). We hypothesized that positive parenting behavior and parenting satisfaction would be negatively correlated with PTSD symptom levels, and that this relationship would be mediated by marital satisfaction; the independent effects of depression on marital and parenting functioning were also examined. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that PTSD was related to poorer parenting behavior (B = 0.089, p = 0.033), depression had a negative impact on parenting satisfaction (B = 0.983, p = 0.003), and marital satisfaction (B = −0.672, p = 0.004), and marital satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between depression and parenting. The findings demonstrated that the effects of PTSD can cast a pall not only over the individual but over the entire family. Interventions are needed to address these issues.
The Millennial Generation’s Use of Social Media as a Complaint Method: An Application to Higher Education

This article explores the Millennial generation’s use of social media, specifically Facebook, and how it is used as a complaint method in a higher education context. A survey was conducted at a public university in the United States, with 413 respondents. Results indicate that 93% of the sample used Facebook, with women reporting greater usage. There were significant differences in complaining behavior between heavy and light users. Heavier users of Facebook were more likely to complain to other students face-toface or to complain to the professor or other students via email, posting comments to an online chat room or on Facebook.
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Ash of Some Medicinal Plants Growing in Uttarakhand, India

Physio-chemical analysis of ash of Quercus infectoria, Cassia fistula, Tinospora cordifolia, Butea monosperma and Cedrela toona trees parts were carried out for present study. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used for quantitative estimation while chemical methods applied for qualitative estimation of minerals in plants ash. It is found that C. fistula, T. cordifolia, Q. infectoria and C. toona showed maximum concentration of potassium while, B. monosperma showed maximum results with magnesium. (Nature and Science 2010;8(6):88-91). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
Molecular characterization and expression of p23 (OspC) from a North American strain of Borrelia burgdorferi

We have found that sera from patients with early stages of Lyme disease contain predominant immunoglobulin M reactivity to a major 23-kDa protein (p23) from Borrelia burgdorferi 2591 isolated in Connecticut. To characterize this immunodominant antigen, we cloned and sequenced p23 and found it to be 83% identical by nucleotide sequence and 75% identical by amino acid sequenced to pC (recently renamed OspC), an abundantly expressed protein on the outer surface of PKo, a European strain of B. burgdorferi (B. Wilske, V. Preac-Mursic, S. Jauris, A. Hofmann, I. Pradel, E. Soutschek, E.Schwab, G. Will, and G. Wanner, Infect. Immun. 61:2182-2191, 1993). In addition, immunoelectron microscopy localized p23 to the outer membrane, confirming that p23 is the strain 2591 homolog of OspC. The North American strain B31, commonly used in serologic assays for Lyme disease, does not express OspC. Northern (RNA) blot analysis detected low levels of ospC mRNA in B31, and DNA sequencing of the ospC gene from B31 revealed a 54-bp deletion in the upstream regulatory region, possibly accounting for the low transcriptional activity of ospC. The ospC coding region from B31 was cloned and antibody-reactive OspC was expressed in Escherichia coli. An immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant OspC as the target antigen shows promise for the serodiagnosis of early stages of Lyme disease.