Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plot and field scale soil moisture dynamics and subsurface wetness control on runoff generation in a headwater in the Ore Mountains

Abstract. This study presents an application of an innovative sampling strategy to assess soil moisture dynamics in a headwater of the Weiseritz in the German eastern Ore Mountains. A grassland site and a forested site were instrumented with two Spatial TDR clusters (STDR) that consist of 39 and 32 coated TDR probes of 60 cm length. Distributed time series of vertically averaged soil moisture data from both sites/ensembles were analyzed by statistical and geostatistical methods. Spatial variability and the spatial mean at the forested site were larger than at the grassland site. Furthermore, clustering of TDR probes in combination with long-term monitoring allowed identification of average spatial covariance structures at the small field scale for different wetness states. The correlation length of soil water content as well as the sill to nugget ratio at the grassland site increased with increasing average wetness and but, in contrast, were constant at the forested site. As soil properties at both the forested and grassland sites are extremely variable, this suggests that the correlation structure at the forested site is dominated by the pattern of throughfall and interception. We also found a very strong correlation between antecedent soil moisture at the forested site and runoff coefficients of rainfall-runoff events observed at gauge Rehefeld. Antecedent soil moisture at the forest site explains 92% of the variability in the runoff coefficients. By combining these results with a recession analysis we derived a first conceptual model of the dominant runoff mechanisms operating in this catchment. Finally, we employed a physically based hydrological model to shed light on the controls of soil- and plant morphological parameters on soil average soil moisture at the forested site and the grassland site, respectively. A homogeneous soil setup allowed, after fine tuning of plant morphological parameters, most of the time unbiased predictions of the observed average soil conditions observed at both field sites. We conclude that the proposed sampling strategy of clustering TDR probes is suitable to assess unbiased average soil moisture dynamics in critical functional units, in this case the forested site, which is a much better predictor for event scale runoff formation than pre-event discharge. Long term monitoring of such critical landscape elements could maybe yield valuable information for flood warning in headwaters. We thus think that STDR provides a good intersect of the advantages of permanent sampling and spatially highly resolved soil moisture sampling using mobile rods.
Thermal, chemical and chemothermal denaturation of yeast enolase

We studied the temperature- and denaturant-induced denaturation of yeast enolase by means of Fourier transform in- frared spectroscopy. The temperature-induced denaturation/aggregation of the enzyme in the absence of denaturant was highly cooperative and occurred between 55 and 65 ◦ C with a midpoint of ∼58 ◦ C. Above 55 ◦ C, the intensity at 1656 cm −1 (pre- dominantly α-helix) decreases as a function of temperature, accompanied by the appearance of two new bands at 1622 and 1696 cm −1 , indicating the formation of intermolecular β-sheet aggregates. Five clearly defined isosbestic points were ob- served, indicating a two-state conformational transition. Addition of a non-denaturing concentration of gdnHCl (0.4 M) caused the thermal denaturation/aggregation of the enzyme to proceed faster, but this revealed no unfolding intermediate. The gdnHCl- induced unfolding was first detected at a gdnHCl concentration of above 0.4 M, evidenced by loss of α-helix and β-sheet structures as functions of denaturant concentration. The fully unfolded state was reached at a gdnHCl concentration of 1.6 M. A significant amount of intermolecular β-sheet aggregate was detected at gdnHCl concentrations between 0.6 and 1.0 M, which disappeared as the denaturant concentration increased further. The gdnHCl-unfolded state is a heterogeneous ensemble of turns, helix/loops, and random structures, which continues to change at higher concentrations of denaturant.
A global stability analysis of the steady and periodic cylinder wake

A global, three-dimensional stability analysis of the steady and the periodic cylinder wake is carried out employing a low-dimensional Galerkin method. The steady flow is found to be asymptotically stable with respect to all perturbations for Re < 54. The onset of periodicity is confirmed to be a supercritical Hopf bifurcation which can be modelled by the Landau equations. The periodic solution is observed to be only neutrally stable for 54 < Re < 170. While two-dimensional perturbations of the vortex street rapidly decay, three-dimensional perturbations with long spanwise wavelengths neither grow nor decay. The periodic solution becomes unstable at Re = 170 by a perturbation with the spanwise wavelength of 1.8 diameters. This instability is shown to be a supercritical Hopf bifurcation in the spanwise coordinate and leads to a three-dimensional periodic flow. Finally the transition scenario for higher Reynolds numbers is discussed.
Conjugate natural convection heat transfer in a rotating enclosure

The aim of the present numerical study to analyze the conjugate natural convection heat transfer in a rotating enclosure with finite wall thickness. The enclosure executes a steady counterclockwise angular velocity about its longitudinal axis. The staggered grid arrangement together with the Marker and Cell (MAC) method was employed to solve the governing equations. The governing parameters considered are the wall thickness, 0.05 ≤ D ≤ 0.2, the conductivity ratio, 0.5 ≤ Kr ≤ 10 and the Taylor number, 8.9× 104 ≤ Ta ≤ 1.1× 106, and the centrifugal force is assumed weaker than the Coriolis force. It is found that decreasing the conductivity ratio or/and rotational speed stabilize of the convective flow and heat transfer oscillation. The global quantity of the heat transfer rate increases by increasing the conductivity ratio and it decreases about 12% by increasing 20% wall thickness for the considered rotational speeds.
Economic Burden of Sand Dredging on Artisanal Fishing in Lagos State, Nigeria

Increasing demand for sand for construction purposes has made river/sea sand dredging a major threat to aquatic habitat and fishing. The study compared the cost and returns of artisanal fishermen in river sand dredging and non-dredging in selected fishing communities in Lagos state. The study showed that there were no significant differences in the average ages and experience in fishing of fishermen in sand dredging and non-dredging areas. However, there were significant differences in the average turbidity of river water and quantity of fish caught per labour hour by fishermen in dredging and non-dredging areas. The low productivity in sand dredging area is attributed to the negative effect sand dredging. Fishermen in non-sand dredging areas earned higher gross profit per day. The need for government to control the activities of the sand dredgers in fishing communities is recommended for the sustainability of the environment and fishing in the study area.
Strategic Flexible Planning and Real Options for Airport Development in India

With market liberalisation, established airports have regularly faced greater uncertainties regarding their planned investments. However, airport authorities as well as private stakeholders (through international consortia) continue to invest in ever larger and more capital-intensive infrastructures. Major uncertainties arise regarding these long-term investments since traffic forecasts have a legacy of being grossly inaccurate. In contrast to such practice, both literature and empirical evidence suggest that airport development should be undertaken in incremental steps, avoiding over-commitment of funds and being able to adapt to a changed environment, including altered patterns of competition. This paper highlights scenarios that characterise paths of airport development in India. A decision-tree analysis provides a helpful tool to identify those paths for airport development that will minimise uncertainty and prove more effective in fostering robust and efficient growth for the Indian air traffic system as a whole.
How precise are estimates of intertidal macroinfaunal density and spatial dispersion when converted to larger areas

The precision of density and spatial dispersion (Morisita's index) of an economically important intertidal bivalve (Anomalocardia flexuosa) and mangrove macroinfauna was evaluated after converting the density data to larger areas. For both faunal groups, converted densities always overestimated "true" density (a direct count in the larger area), especially when the sampled area and that to which the data were converted were very different. In comparison with random and contagious dispersions, conversions were more precise with regular dispersion, especially when densities were low. A. flexuosa densities were more precise when converted from the arithmetic mean, whereas those from the harmonic mean underestimated true density. In contrast, mangrove macroinfauna density conversions from the harmonic mean were more precise, whereas those from the arithmetic mean and median overestimated true density. There was no difference in the contagious dispersion of either A. flexuosa or mangrove macroinfauna, regardless of whether or not the density was converted. Converted densities, commonly used in studies of the benthic macrofauna, may incorrectly estimate true densities but appear not to change estimates of spatial dispersion, at least when using Morisita's index. Given the above, and the ecological and functional importance of the macroinfauna, their densities in intertidal soft sediments are probably better expressed in relation to their original sampling units and conversions to larger areas should be avoided. (indice de Morisita) de um bivalve de importância economica (Anomalocardia flexuosa) e da macroinfauna de manguezal foi avaliada apos expressar os valores em relacao a uma area maior. Para ambos os grupos faunais, densidades convertidas sempre superestimaram densidades verdadeiras, especialmente quando a area amostrada e a area a qual os dados foram convertidos eram muito diferentes. Na dispersao regular, as conversoes foram mais precisas, especialmente em densidades baixas. Densidades de A. flexuosa foram mais precisas quando convertidas da media aritmetica, enquanto que aquelas da media harmonica subestimaram a densidade verdadeira. Em contraste, conversoes da densidade da macroinfauna do manguezal com a media harmonica foram mais precisas, enquanto que aquelas da media aritmetica e mediana superestimaram a densidade verdadeira. Nao houve diferencas na dispersao contagiosa de A. flexuosa e da macroinfauna do manguezal, independentemente da densidade ser convertida ou nao. Densidades convertidas, frequentemente utilizadas em estudos da macrofauna bentonica, podem fornecer estimativas incorretas das densidades verdadeiras, mas aparentemente nao afetam estimativas da dispersao espacial, pelo menos com o indice de Morisita. Dado o acima exposto e a importância ecologica e funcional da macroinfauna, suas densidades em sedimentos nao-consolidados de entremares sao provavelmente melhores expressas em relacao as suas unidades de amostragem originais e conversoes para areas maiores devem ser evitadas.
CFD Analysis of Contrarotating Open Rotor Aerodynamic Interactions

High efficiency and low fuel consumption make the contrarotating open rotor (CROR) system a viable economic and environmentally friendly powerplant for future aircraft. While the potential benefits are well accepted, concerns still exist with respect to the vibrations and noise caused by the aerodynamic interactions of CROR systems. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of the aerodynamic interactions between the front and aft propellers of a puller CROR configuration. For the first step, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations coupled with dynamic patched grid technology are implemented on the isolated single-rotating propeller (SRP) configuration in various operating conditions in order to test the accuracy and feasibility of the numerical approach. The numerical results are verified by a wind tunnel test, showing good agreements with the experimental data. Subsequently, the URANS approach is applied to the CROR configuration. The numerical results obtained through the URANS approach help to improve the understanding of the complex flow field generated by the CROR configuration, and the comparison of SRP flow field and CROR flow field allows for a detailed analysis of the aerodynamic interactions of the front propeller blade wakes and tip vortices with the aft propeller. The main reason of the aerodynamic interactions is the mutual effects of the blade tip vortices, and the aft propeller reduces the strength of the blade tip vortices of the front propeller. Aerodynamic interactions will lead to the periodic oscillations of the aerodynamic forces, and the frequency of the oscillations is linked to the blade numbers. In addition, a CROR has a larger thrust and power coefficient than that of the SRP configuration in the same operating conditions. The URANS approach coupled with a dynamic patched grid method is tested to be an efficient and accurate tool in the analysis of propeller aerodynamic interactions.
Consumers' Satisfaction with 7up Packaging: an empirical Analysis

This study focuses on the lacuna apparently extant because of the, probably, insufficient use of theoretical frameworks to measure and analyze packaging influences on consumers' satisfaction with 7up soft drink in Nigeria. The "VIEW" theory of packaging is the operationalized theoretical framework on which this study rests. Using a structured questionnaire, the influences of the "VIEW" packaging variables on consumers' satisfaction with 7up soft drink were obtained through a survey of a convenience sample of 300 consumers of 7up in Awka, capital city of Anambra State, Nigeria. The data obtained were computer analyzed using multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures. The study found that the "VIEW" theoretical framework explained about 46% of the variability in consumers' satisfaction with 7up in the study area. Only the Visibility (V) and Information (I) components of the "VIEW" theoretical framework significantly influenced consumers' satisfaction with 7up in the study area. Except for the education segments, the study found significant differences in satisfaction across the age and income segments of consumers of 7up in the study area.
Plasma-oxidative Degradation of Polyphenolics - Influence of Non-thermal Gas Discharges with Respect to Fresh Produce Processing

Non-thermal plasma treatment is a promising technology to enhance the shelf-life of fresh or minimaly processed food. An efficient inactivation of microorganisms comes along with a moderate heating of the treated sur - face. To elucidate the influence of highly reactive plasma-immanent species on the stability and chemical behaviour of phytochemicals, several polyphenolics were exposed to an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The selected flavonoids are ideal target compounds due to their antioxidant activity protecting cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite. Reactions were carried out at various radio-frequency voltages, using Ar as a feeding gas. Degradation was followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
Food of the striped field mouse in different types of urban green areas

Babinska-Werka J., 1981: Food of the striped field mouse in different types of urban green areas. Acta theriol. , 26, 17: 285-299 [With 2 Tables & 4 Figs.] Studies were made of the food consumed by the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) living in two urban green areas in Warsaw: the Orthodox Cemetery and Łazienki Park, and also in a suburban area at Bialoleka. Plant food predominated over animal food in the diet of A. agrarius. Mice living under urban conditions have a more homogeneous diet than those from suburban areas. This was manifested in the greater proportion of tree seeds in the diet of urban mice and less frequent consumption of the seeds of herb layer plants, the predominance of grasses in the green plants' food component and predominance of insects, particularly of their larval forms in the animal food component. The diet of urban mice was more caloric, which may account for the greater weight of rodents in the city in comparison with mice living on suburban areas. [Dept. of Wildlife Management, Warsaw Agricultural University, Rakowiecka 26/30, 02-528 Warszawa, Poland].
USER PARTICIPATION IS NOT ALWAYS AN EASY THING WHEN DEVELOPING AN INNOVATION

This paper is about experiences from two development projects (an ambulance simulator and a web based system for occupational therapists) ending up in innovations for which qualified users were invited to be parts of the development teams. The studies showed that there were a number of cultural barriers and lack of expertise and knowledge that blocked effective communication. Seen from an industrial point of view the studies showed that pure technical disciplines to create functional solutions are not enough to develop products in a cost efficient way.
Role of Micronutrient in Rice Cultivation and Management Strategy in Organic Agriculture—A Reappraisal

Micronutrient refers to the relative quantity of a nutrient that is required for plant growth. It takes part in metabolic activities, enzymatic process/catalysts etc. Thus these all directly and indirectly help in plant growth and development. There are 8 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients like boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) and silicon (Si). They constitute in total less than 1% of the dry weight of most plants. Organic sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost etc. may contain less quantity of these nutrients but presence of these help the plant in their growth and development. They also called trace elements or minor elements. They are required only in small amounts (5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight). The visual symptoms may be caused by more than one nutrient. Deficiency of one nutrient may be related to an excess quantity of another. Nutrient deficiency symptoms are observed only after the crop has already suffered an irretrievable loss. When soil supplies more quantity of nutrient than the plant’s requirement, plant shows toxicity symptom.
Potato clones resistance to early and late blight

It is extremely important to obtain potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes resistant to early and late blight caused by the fungi Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani, respectively, to adopt integrated pest management to control these diseases. Potato clones previously selected for resistance to early blight by the potato breeding program at the Federal University of Lavras were assessed in three locations in the south of Minas Gerais state, under different cultivation conditions: one experiment involved 192 clones, inoculated with Alternaria solani, another assessed 291 clones in the presence of natural infection by Phytophthora infestans, and the other assessed 192 non-infected clones. The clones more resistant to Alternaria solani tended to have a longer plant cycle. Clones with good levels of resistance to both diseases were identified as having tuber yields superior to the controls, both in the presence and absence of early blight. These clones presented tuber specific weight similar or superior to the control cultivars.
Cytotoxic effect of Br-containing oxaphosphole on human melanoma cell line and pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria

Mitodepressive, clastogenic and apoptotic-like effects of Br-oxph (4-bromo-N,Ndiethyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphosphol-2-amine2-oxide) on plant and animal test-systems had been established. Br-oxph exerted different inhibitory effect on different cancer cells in vitro. The effects of Br-oxph on prokaryotic cells have not been studied yet. The present study was aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects Br-oxph on human melanoma cell line and on pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria. In vitro cytotoxicity assay: Morphology of human melanoma cell line A 2058 treated with Br-oxph (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml, for 24 and 48 hours) was analyzed under a light microscope. Antimicrobial test: Staphylococus aureus 745, Enterobacter aerogenes 3691 and Lactobacillus acidophilus were treated for 48 hours with Br-oxph (0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml), Sefpotec (10 mg/ml) and Biseptol (250 mg/ml). The antibacterial activity was assayed by the well diffusion method.Treatment with Br-oxph had no effect on growth of human melanoma cell line. Br-oxph (1 mg/ml for 48 hours) notably inhibited growth of pathogenic S. aureus and . aerogenes and had no activity against symbiotic L. acidophilus. Biseptol and Sefpotec had a slight inhibitory effect against all bacteria tested. The present study indicated significant antibacterial activity of Br-oxph on tested pathogenic bacteria and lack of activity on symbiotic bacterium. This beneficial differentiation is in accordance with different cytotoxic influence of Br-oxph on different eukaryotic cells types. The data obtained in present study indicates Broxph as a potential candidate for drug development .
On the Interactions between Mobility Models and Metrics in Mobile ad hoc Networks

In this paper we investigate several gaps on the study of mobility models in Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs). We present a survey of taxono mies for mob ility models, and introduce a novel taxono my for mob ility met rics, which is then employed for classifying the surveyed metrics. It is performed a co mprehensive experimental study taking into account an heterogeneous set of mobility models and seven representative mobility metrics. As a first result, we show how effective metrics are on distinguishing among models. Additionally, our simu lation findings reveal that, independently of the movement pattern of mobile nodes, there are similar relat ionships among node speed and several mobility met rics. Furthermore, we estimate the impact of each mobility model" parameter on the evaluated mobility met rics, revealing the variables that most impact the metrics. Lastly, through stepwise mu ltip le linear regression analysis we created accurate models fo r predict ing the value of link duration, node degree and network part itioning met rics fro m a proposed set of novel predictors. The results presented in this work provide significant insights on the comprehension of mobility models and metrics and the interactions between them in MANETs .