Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN SUGAR BEET PLANT UNDER SALINITY STRESS

This study was carried out in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) at Der Ez Zour Agricultural Research Center, during 20092010 growing seasons. The role of Na, K, Na/K, carbohydrates accumulation of leaves, and sugar content of roots on the osmotic adjustment was studied in 10 sugar beet genotypes (five were monogerms and five were multigerms), under salinity stress. Sugar beet plants were irrigated with saline water, with the electrical conductivity (EC) ranging from 8.6-10 dS.m in the first year and 8.4-10.4 dS.m in the second year. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. The results showed that Na content in leaves and roots of all genotypes was increased in salinity stress, but the increment in leaves was higher than in roots. K contents in leaves and roots were decreased in all genotypes, but this reduction was lower in roots as compared with leaves. This may be due to the substitution of Na with K in such condition. However, under salinity stress concentrations of inorganic solutes (Na, and K) in leaves was higher than those in roots. Kawimera (multigerm) was considered the most tolerant genotype because of high Na content in its leaves and roots, whereas the most sensitive genotype was Tigris (multigerm), which had the lowest content of Na in leaves and roots. Generally, the accumulation of soluble sugars in leaves was higher in tolerant genotypes as compared with non-tolerant ones. The results exhibited no correlation between sugar content in roots and salinity stress. Correlation analysis showed Na content followed by soluble sugars as the main solutes for osmotic adjustment in sugar beet leaves under salinity conditions. Moreover, both sucrose and Na contents in beet root could be considered the main solutes for osmotic adjustment.
Calcium Nitrate Dose and Application Period in American Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of American lettuce subjected to different dosages of calcium nitrate on two application schedules. The experiment used four replicates of a 2 × 5 factorial randomized complete block design, with two application schedules (Schedule 1: 50% of the dose at transplanting and 50% at 20 days after transplanting; Schedule 2: 50% at 10 days and 50% at 20 days after transplanting) and five doses (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha -1 ). The following variables were evaluated: the number of inner and outer leaves, head height and diameter, head height/diameter ratio, compactness, stem diameter, relative index of chlorophyll, commercial production and nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) content in the inner and outer leaf. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test, with Tukey test for comparison of the means) for the application schedule and regression analysis for the calcium nitrate dose. The application of calcium nitrate positively influenced the nutritional characteristics of American lettuce in the 2 nd schedule and the dose of 470 kg ha -1 presented better production.
Larval Infestations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Nakhonsrithammarat, Thailand

This study investigated the prevalence of Aedes larvae in two different topographical areas (i.e. seaside and mountainous area) and in two faith-based communities (i.e. Buddhist and Muslims). Samples were collected by using the stratified simple random sampling with a total of 400 households from all communities in 31 sub-districts. The results showed that Aedes larvae were mostly found in artificial containers including water containers in bathrooms, potted plants, animal pans, concrete tanks and water jars. Ae. albopictus larvae were found in higher numbers in the seaside area than in the mountainous area. All three Aedes larval indices: Container Index (CI), House Index (HI) and Breteau Index (BI), indicated a high risk of DHF transmission in both locations and faith-based communities. We also found that the HI in Muslim households was more than in Buddhist households.
Sharp Decline in Lead Contamination in Topsoil Away From a Smelter and Lead Migration in Ultisol

The spatial distribution of lead (Pb) contamination in soil was examined in Pike County, Alabama. Soil samp les were collected fro m 16 sites away (0.2 to 18.44 km) fro m a smelter. Distribution of Pb into the soil profile was also examined in three sites close (within 3.0 km) to the s melter. Results showed that Pb contents (max. 199.8 mg kg -1 ) in the topsoil were strongly influenced by the distance fro m the s melter; with marked increase in values of Pb contents when the distance was less than 3.0 km. So il physical and chemical properties did not influence the spatial distribution of topsoil Pb contents. Results revealed that in close vicinity (0.2 km) to the smelter Pb accumulates in the topsoil and in the E and Bt horizons. This site had low soil pH (3.7) that may have contributed to the distribution of Pb in the E and Bt horizons. Controlled soil colu mn experiment demonstrated Pb mobility only in soil close (0.2 km) to the s melter. Lead concentration in the soil leachate was 71 µg L -1 for the soil close to the smelter but was not detected in the leachate of the soil away (3.4 km) fro m the smelter. Th is suggests that Pb in soil close to the smelter has potential to migrate through the soil profile.
SUGAR BEET RESPONSE TO BALANCED NITROGEN FERTILIZATION WITH PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM. PART II. DYNAMICS OF BEET QUALITY

BarlOg, p., W. grzebisz, W. szczepaniak and k. peplinski, 2014. sugar beet response to balanced nitrogen fertilization with phosphorus and potassium. part ii. Dynamics of beet quality. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 1326-1333 based on it, the optimum day after sowing for the maximum sc concentration was fixed at 172 and at 18.6%, respectively. Beet concentration of K showed a linear trend. The in-season courses of α-amino-N and Na were highly specific, being optimal for the fully balanced treatment, i.e., N 1 p 1 k 1 . The in-season assessed relationships between SC and α-amino N, and K underwent at 155 Da S a change from positive to negative. This period of sugar beet growth can be, therefore, considered as the borderline between the phase sucrose accumulation sink build-up and its fill-up. The lowest white (extractable) sugar concentration of 0.8% was noted for the N 1 p 1 k 0 as compared to the n 1 p 0.5 k 1 treatment. This depen - dency implicitly indicates on importance of k current fertilizing for sucrose accumulation. The slightly lower effect of n 1 p 1 k 1 treatment (-0.3%), indirectly indicates on non-suitable conditions for sugar beet growth, limiting sucrose accumulation in the late-season. The main reason was drought in two of tree years of study, reducing the yield forming effect of p .
Ultrastructure and Phylogeny of Pleistophora beebei sp. nov. (Microsporidia) Infecting the Amazonian Teleostean Brachyhypopomus beebei (fam. Hypopomidae)

A new microsporidian, Pleistophora beebei sp. nov., parasitizing the freshwater benthopelagic teleostean fish Brachyhypopomus beebei Schultz, 1944 (fam. Hypopomidae) collected from the Amazon River is described based on molecular and morphological studies. The parasite develops in the skeletal muscle of the abdominal cavity, forming a whitish cyst-like containing several groups of two types of spores (macrospores and microspores), which were observed in close contact with the myofibrils. Small groups of macrospores (ovoid elongate, tapering more anteriorly than posteriorly and measuring about 7.8 ± 0.4 × 4.7 ± 0.2 µm) were observed among the numerous microspores (lightly pyriform to ellipsoidal with rounded ends, measured about 4.7 ± 0.3 × 2.8 ± 0.4 µm). Both types of spores possessed a single large posterior vacuole containing flocculent material. The ultrastructural aspects observed, together with the formation of a cyst-like, suggest that the parasite belongs to the genus Pleistophora. This taxonomic positioning was confirmed by the molecular analysis of the SSU rRNA gene and Maximum-likelihood (ML) inference. Comparison to similar species previously described, recognized this as a new species, herein named Pleistophora beebei sp. nov.
Apple rootstock trials at Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Poland 

valuation of 22 dwarfing and semi-dwarfing apple rootstocks for several scion cultivars was conducted on fertile soil in the years 1995–2010. It was found that most of the new rootstocks performed similarly to M.9 EMLA with respect to vigour, yield, cropping efficiency and fruit mass. These rootstocks would not be, therefore, a good replacement for M.9 in Polish climatic conditions. The most promising rootstock was B 9 and some of its derivatives, e.g., B 146, B 396, P 59 and P 60. However, their suitability may be limited to particular cultivars grown under similar soil conditions.
Production and transformation of dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids by bacteria in seawater

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean consists of a heterogeneous mixture of molecules, most of which are of unknown origin. Neutral sugars and amino acids are among the few recognizable biomolecules in DOM, and the molecular composition of these biomolecules is shaped primarily by biological production and degradation processes. This study provides insight into the bioavailabil- ity of biomolecules as well as the chemical composition of DOM produced by bacteria. The molecular compositions of combined neutral sugars and amino acids were investigated in DOM produced by bacteria and in DOM remaining after 32 days of bacterial degradation. Results from bioassay in- cubations with natural seawater (sampled from water masses originating from the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean) and artificial seawater indicate that the molecular compositions following bacterial degradation are not strongly influenced by the initial substrate or bacte- rial community. The molecular composition of neutral sugars released by bacteria was characterized by a high glucose con- tent (47 mol %) and heterogeneous contributions from other neutral sugars (3-14 mol %). DOM remaining after bacte- rial degradation was characterized by a high galactose con- tent (33 mol %), followed by glucose (22 mol %) and the re- maining neutral sugars (7-11 mol %). The ratio of D-amino acids to L-amino acids increased during the experiments as a response to bacterial degradation, and after 32 days, the D/L ratios of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine and ala- nine reached around 0.79, 0.32, 0.30 and 0.51 in all treat- ments, respectively. The striking similarity in neutral sugar and amino acid compositions between natural (representing marine semi-labile and refractory DOM) and artificial (rep- resenting bacterially produced DOM) seawater samples, sug- gests that microbes transform bioavailable neutral sugars and amino acids into a common, more persistent form.
Perception of fertility regulation in a remote community, south Ethiopia

This exploratory study was conducted to describe the traditional methods of contraception and community perception of fertility regulation in a remote rural community of Ethiopia. In-depth interviews were conducted with "key informants" selected from the rural communities of Bensa district South Ethiopia. Selection of key informants was purposive with the aim of obtaining knowledgeable and articulate individuals. Four categories of individuals were interviewed: elderly men elderly women women in reproductive age and community health workers. The findings are described in three categories: contraception methods sexual norms and premarital sex and desired family size. The results showed that in Bensa Community postpartum sexual abstinence and prolonged breast-feeding are the main means of fertility regulation. Cultural values regarding sex (postpartum and premarital abstinence) are being disregarded nowadays. On the other hand the effects of unregulated fertility on population growth and societal resources are well perceived by the community. The community expressed willingness to accept modern family planning methods to regulate fertility. Further studies however are recommended for a better understanding of the issues using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods. (authors)
YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY INTERCROPPING OF CHICKPEA, LENTIL AND RAPESEED IN DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS

The feasibility of intercropping chickpea, lentil and rapeseed in wheat under rainfed condition was investigated at Arid Zone Research Farm, D.I. Khan during 2002-03. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Wheat (Inqilab-91) was sown as sole crop and intercropped with chickpea (NIFA-88), lentil (Masoor-93), and rapeseed (Dunkled) in different proportions viz; 1:1, 2: 1 and 3:1. The experiment was sown on 2 November 2002. The results showed that plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike and grain yield of wheat varied significantly among intercropping systems, while the effect on 1000-grain weight was non-significant in all cases. Plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike and grain yield of wheat was higher with chickpea intercropping. The mean values of different proportions showed that the highest grain yield of wheat (1687 kg ha'1) was obtained with chickpea intercropping, against the minimum with rapeseed intercropping. Among different ratios of intercropping, the chickpea intercropping in 1:1 ratio gave the highest grain yield (1721 kg ha') of wheat while the lowest yield of 1213 kg ha' was obtained from wheatrapeseed intercropping in 1:1 ratio.
Reliability of self-employment intentions instrument among international students in Indonesian university

This paper examines the validation instrument used to measure the psychometric status of the self-employment intentions. Self-employment intentions are crucial to identify the university students in order to confirm their decision making. They are a questionnaire to measure graduation in university to start choice on their careers. This instrument is composed of 11 items and was carried out to 115 international students studying in one Indonesian higher education. There were 49 male and 66 female respondents involved in this study. The Cronbach's Alpha value was . 94 which strongly suggest that the instrument has an excellent reliability. This study points out that self-employment intentions are suitable to be used by college personnel and counselors to examine and identify self-employment inten-tions among international students in Indonesian higher education. Implications for future study will also be discussed.
Income Levels and Transition of Cooking Fuel Among Rural Poor in India

More than two-thirds of the population lives in rural India. Even after six decades of independence and two decades of economic liberalization, it remains the bitter truth. This study assumes greater significance, because, majority of the rural people are still dependent on biomass fuel for cooking. A reduction in this could help India in greatly reducing the indoor as well as environmental pollution levels; thus helping in containing global warming. It would also help in controlling the health hazards caused due to the indoor pollution in the rural economy; which in effect would help the government in reducing the spending on public health. To make this happen, the government should make the distribution system of kerosene and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), efficient. This study could be useful not only to India, but to many other economies that are on the threshold of transition; where majority of the population, still lives in the rural areas, and are predominantly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. This study was undertaken with the objective of analyzing the socio-economic conditions of rural poor in India with respect to their primary energy consumption viz. cooking fuel and impact on health. The study conducts a questionnaire based survey on demographic, economic, and perceptible parameters on modern fuel such as kerosene and LPG; using logit model to identifying variables useful for the study.
EFFECT OF BLACK CARBON ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF MAIZE

The effect of soot on certain parameters of maize w as analysed. We applied low rates of soot (3 gmweek) with a motorised sprayer. The effect of soot on e vapotranspiration was tested on plants grown in evapotranspirometer (ET). Soot pollution h ad no influence on maize growth and development. Leaf withering after full maturity, however, was de layed by the presence of soot. The ability of soot t absorb irradiation and thus increase leaf surface t emperatures led to an increase of 4% in the annual evapotranspiration sum. Soot pollution reduced dry matter (DM) on the rainfed plots (8.8 %), but not i n the ET tanks. In the ET tanks, soot had no signific ant influence on either the stalk or the grain DM, though slight reductions were recorded. On the nonirrigated plot there was 12.4 % reduction in grain dry matter in response to pollution. Supplementary wate r supplies mitigated the plant damage caused by soo t. A further advantage was detected in the number of d eformed ears.
Fractal analysis of seed dispersal and spatial pattern in wild oats

This study investigates the relationship between seed dispersal and spatial pattern in a population of wild oats (Avena fatua L.), a common annual weed of arable fields in western Canada. Fractal analysis revealed that wild oats has an aggregated spatial pattern with statistically self-similar properties. Wild oats seed dispersal was successfully modelled using the fractal inverse power law. The estimated fractal dimension of the seed dispersal curve (D = 1.912) is strikingly similar to that of the population’s spatial pattern (D = 1.881), indicating that the observed spatial pattern is characteristic of the dispersal distribution. This result suggests that the dispersal curve of a given weed species may be used to successfully predict its pattern of invasion.
Robust Consumption and Portfolio Choice with Habit Formation, the Spirit of Capitalism and Recursive Utility

This paper studies consumption and portfolio choice with habit formation, the spirit of capitalism, recursive utility and robustness in a continuous-time stochastic model and examines how the four factors affect consumption and portfolio choice, consumption dynamics and asset pricing. The explicit solu- tions of the robust consumption and portfolio choice problem are obtained, the implications of the four factors for consumption and portfolio choice are dis- cussed, and then the dynamics of consumption and the formula of asset pricing are derived. It is shown that the combined effects of habit formation which stems from past consumption, the spirit of capitalism which endows investors with direct wealth preferences, recursive utility which allows the separation of risk aversion and intertemporal substitution and robustness which takes account of model uncertainty can better interpret the consumption smooth- ing puzzle and the equity premium puzzle than cases which only consider one factor.
A avifauna no parque municipal Santa Luzia, zona urbana de Uberlandia, Minas Gerais

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composicao da avifauna no Parque Municipal Santa Luzia (cerca de 28 hectares). O Parque esta localizado na periferia de Uberlândia (MG), que possui um fragmento de mata de galeria associado a uma vereda. A comunidade de aves foi estudada de agosto de 2004 a agosto de 2005, com duas visitas mensais, do alvorecer ate quatro horas depois, totalizando 104 horas de observacoes. Foram realizados registros visuais e/ou acusticos. Um total de 130 especies (16 ordens, 39 familias e 117 generos) foi registrado, sendo cinco delas endemicas do Cerrado: Antilophia galeata, Basileuterus leucophrys, Cyanocorax cristatellus, Hylocryptus rectirostris e Herpsilochmus longirostris. A maioria das aves (90%) foi classificada como residente e provavel residente. Insetivoros (n = 45) e onivoros (n = 41) foram grupos predominantes. Os resultados mostram que o Parque Municipal Santa Luzia apresenta uma avifauna rica, que inclui nao apenas aves comuns na area urbana, mas tambem especies endemicas do Cerrado, demonstrando sua importância para a conservacao da avifauna.
On the chemical nature of the oxygenated organic aerosol: implication in the formation and aging of α-pinene SOA in a Mediterranean environment, Marseille

a Aix-Marseille Univ, Laboratoire Chimie Environneme nt, 13331, Marseille cedex 03, France b Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69626, France; CNRS, UM R5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France c Universités Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1-CNRS, UMR 51 83, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, Saint Martin d’Hères, 38402, Franc e. d Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environ nement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-IPSL, Gif sur Yvette, 91191, France.
Expressive Violence: The Performative Effects of Subversive Participatory Media Uses

This article discusses the communication strategies employed by 8 school shooters who used participatory media to frame their acts as well as their identity. By resorting to content analysis of 78 self-produced videos and 101 portraits, the findings show how audiovisual communication can be used to trigger the performative aspects of cultural scripts of contemporary forms of expressive violence and thus institutionalize a social movement (i.e. school shooting subculture). These proceedings produce association to a subversive movement, providing a political connotation to the act and a renewed positive identity.
A substructure isolation method for local structural health monitoring

This paper describes an effective method of substructure isolation for local structural health monitoring (SHM). In practice, often only a small part of a larger structure is critical and needs monitoring. However, typical low‐frequency SHM methods require modeling and analysis of the global structure, which can be costly, time‐consuming and error‐prone. The proposed approach is based on the virtual distortion method (VDM) and uses force distortions to model fixed supports in the boundary nodes to isolate the considered substructure from influences of the rest of the structure. Therefore, given an excitation of the substructure and the measured response of the global structure, the response of the substructure treated as fixed supported can be computed. Local‐only monitoring is then possible using virtually any of the existing methods. However, consistently with the isolation methodology, strain distortions are used here for modeling of damages of the isolated substructure. The discrete adjoint variable method is used for the first time within the framework of the VDM in order to perform fast analytical sensitivity analysis and improve the computational effectiveness of the damage identification by one order of magnitude. A numerical example of a frame‐truss with 5 and 10% noise level and an experiment of a cantilever beam are presented to validate the isolation methodology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.