Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Stability and Bounds for Coarsening Rates Within the Mean-Field Theory for Domain Coarsening

We investigate the long-time behavior of solutions to the classical mean-field model for coarsening by Lifshitz–Slyozov and Wagner (LSW). In the original work (Lifshitz and Slyozov, 1961; Wagner 1961) convergence of solutions to a uniquely determined self-similar solution was predicted. However, it is by now well known (Giron et al., 1998; Niethammer and Pego 1999 2001) that the long-time behavior of solutions depends sensitively on the initial data. In Niethammer and Pego (1999 2001) a necessary criterion for convergence to any self-similar solution which behaves like a finite power at the end of its (compact) support is given. It says that the data have to be regularly varying at the end of their support with the same power. This criterion is also shown to be sufficient if the power is sufficiently small and for data which are close to self-similar. In this article we extend the local stability result to the whole range of self-similar solutions with compact support. Our first main result establishes global stability of self-similar solutions with not too large power. The proof relies on a global contraction argument for the spreading of characteristics. In addition, we also establish upper and lower bounds for the coarsening rates of the system for a suitable class of initial data whose variation is bounded at the end of the support but not necessarily regular.
Turning points in climate change adaptation

Concerned decision makers increasingly pose questions as to whether current management practices are able to cope with climate change and increased climate variability. This signifies a shift in the framing of climate change from asking what its potential impacts are to asking whether it induces policy failure and unacceptable change. In this paper, we explore the background, feasibility, and consequences of this new framing. We focus on the specific situation in which a social-political threshold of concern is likely to be exceeded as a result of climate change, requiring consideration of alternative strategies. Action is imperative when such a situation is conceivable, and at this point climate change becomes particularly relevant to decision makers. We call this situation an “adaptation turning point. ” The assessment of adaptation turning points converts uncertainty surrounding the extent of a climate impact into a time range over which it is likely that specific thresholds will be exceeded. This can then be used to take adaptive action. Despite the difficulty in identifying adaptation turning points and the relative newness of the approach, experience so far suggests that the assessment generates a meaningful dialogue between stakeholders and scientists. Discussion revolves around the amount of change that is acceptable; how likely it is that unacceptable, or more favorable, conditions will be reached; and the adaptation pathways that need to be considered under these circumstances. Defining and renegotiating policy objectives under climate change are important topics in the governance of adaptation.
Formation of planets by tidal downsizing of giant planet embryos

We hypothesize that planets are made by tidal downsizing of migrating giant planet embryos. The proposed scheme for planet formation consists of these steps: (i) a massive young protoplanetary disc fragments at R ∼ several tens to hundreds of au on gaseous clumps with masses of a few Jupiter masses; (ii) the clumps cool and contract, and simultaneously migrate closer in to the parent star; (iii) as earlier suggested by Boss, dust sediments inside the gas clumps to form terrestrial mass solid cores; (iv) if the solid core becomes more massive than ∼10 M⊕, a massive gas atmosphere collapses on to the solid core and (v) when the gas clumps reach the inner few au from the star, tidal shear and evaporation due to stellar irradiation peel off the outer metal-poor envelope of the clump. If tidal disruption occurs quickly, while the system is still in stage (iii), a terrestrial planet core is left. If it happens later, in stage (iv), a metal-rich gas giant planet with a solid core emerges from the envelope.
Amino acid and energy digestibility in ten samples of distillers dried grain with solubles fed to growing pigs1,2

The objective of this experiment was to measure the digestibilities of energy, CP, and AA in 10 samples of corn distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) and in corn fed to growing pigs. Twelve growing barrows (initial BW: 34.0 ± 1.41 kg) were allotted to an 8 × 12 Youden square design with 8 periods and 12 animals. Ten of 12 diets were based on the 10 DDGS samples (66.7%), 1 diet was based on corn (97%), and the last diet was a N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was included in all diets as an inert marker. Pigs were provided their respective diets at a level of 3 times their estimated energy requirement for maintenance. The apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibilities for CP and AA were measured in the 10 samples of DDGS and in corn using the direct procedure, but the apparent total tract digestibilities for DM and GE were estimated using the difference procedure. The concentration of DE in each sample of DDGS and in corn was also calculated. The results of the experiment indicated variation among the different sources of DDGS in AID and SID for Lys,
Chemical Characteristics of Teak Wood Attacked by Neotermes tectonae

The teak trees in certain areas of Java Island are frequently attacked by Neotermes tectonae termites. Trees attacked by this species have a tumor-like growth in the stem that can be easily identified in the field. This study evaluated the chemical properties of the attacked wood. Based on a visual inspection, the type of attacks were classified as either type I, if included phloem was formed in the heartwood, or type II, which was distinguished by the softened and hollowed areas in the heartwood. For each type, three trees were cut along with a healthy tree for comparison. Comparison among type I, type II, and normal tree tissues showed huge differences in hemicellulose and extractive contents, composition of ethanol-toluene soluble extracts, ash/acid insoluble ash contents, and pH values. Comparing the two types of abnormalities along the radial direction, significant differences were observed in the cellulose contents. The lowest values of both sugars were obtained in the soft part of type II. Further, the levels of ethanol-toluene soluble extracts and their fractions (mainly low-polarity fractions) were affected by the radial direction. No significant differences in radial direction were found in the inorganic materials levels or in pH values.
Evaluation of the relationship between social capital and manpowers burnout in teaching hospitals of Iran

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of the relationship between social capital and manpower’s burnout in teaching hospitals of Iran. This study was a cross sectional study conducted in the teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the year 2011. The target population of the study was manpower in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A total number of 320 manpower were selected as sample of the study. The data collection tools were two questionnaires that their validity and reliability had been measured in previous studies. After completing the questionnaire, using appropriate statistical software SPSS16 statistical analysis was performed based on the type of variables (T-tests, Pearson correlation and regression analysis). There was a significant relationship between social capital and female manpower’s burnout; and the level of inverse correlation between the two variables were moderate (r=-0.257). In general, all five dimensions of social capital in the study hospitals, had a significant inverse relationship with burnout (P<0/001). Regression analysis showed that the five dimensions of social capital explain 0.101% of burnout variance. The most important factor, which its influence is more than other factors, is the diversity of social interaction and friendships dimension.
Test of the anomalous scaling of passive temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with spatial inhomogeneity

Abstract The scaling properties of the temperature structure function (SF) and temperature–velocity cross-structure function (CSF) are investigated in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). The measured SFs and CSFs exhibit good scaling in space and time and the resulting SF and CSF exponents are obtained both at the centre of the convection cell and near the sidewall. A universal relationship between the CSF exponent and the thermal dissipation exponent is found, confirming that the anomalous scaling of passive temperature fluctuations in turbulent RBC is indeed caused by the spatial intermittency of the thermal dissipation field. It is also found that the difference in the functional form of the measured SF and CSF exponents at the two different locations in the cell is caused by the change of the geometry of the most dissipative structures in the (inhomogeneous) temperature field from being sheetlike at the cell centre to filament-like near the sidewall. The experiment thus provides direct evidence showing that the universality features of turbulent cascade are linked to the degree of anisotropy and inhomogeneity of turbulent statistics.
Surface term effects on mass estimators

Context. We propose a way of estimating the mass contained in the volume occupied by a sample of galaxies in a virialized system. Aims. We analyze the influence of surface effects and the contribution of the cosmological constant terms on our mass estimations of galaxy systems. Methods. We propose two equations that contain surface terms to estimate galaxy sample masses. When the surface terms are neglected, these equations provide the so-called virial and projected masses. Both equations lead to a single equation that allows sample masses to be estimated without the need for calculating surface terms. Sample masses for some nearest galaxy groups are estimated and compared with virialized masses determined from turn-around radii and results of a spherical infall model. Results. Surface effects have a considerable effect on the mass estimations of the studied galaxy groups. According to our results, they lead sample masses of some groups to being less than half the virial mass estimations and even less than 10% of projected mass estimations. However, the contributions of cosmological constant terms to mass estimations are smaller than 2% for the majority of the virialized groups studied. Our estimations are in agreement with virialized masses calculated from turn-around radii. Virialized masses for complexes were found to be: (8.9 ± 2.8) × 10 11 M ⊙ for the Milky Way – M 31; (12.5 ± 2.5) × 10 11 M ⊙ for M 81 – NGC 2403; (21.5 ± 7.7) × 10 11 M ⊙ . for Cantaurs A – M 83; and (7.9 ± 2.6) × 10 11 M ⊙ . for IC 324 – Maffei. Conclusions. The nearest galaxy groups located inside a sphere of 5 Mpc have been addressed to explore the performance of our mass estimator. We have seen that surface effects make mass estimations of galaxy groups rather smaller than both virial and projected masses. In mass calculations, cosmological constant terms can be neglected; nevertheless, the collapse of cold dark matter leading to virialized structures is strongly affected by the cosmological constant. We have also seen that, if mass density were proportional to luminosity density on different scales in the Universe, the 5 Mpc sphere would have a mean density close to that of the sphere region containing galaxies and systems of galaxies; thus, the rest of the sphere could contain regions of low-mass dark halos with similar mass density. This mass density would be about 4.5 times greater than that of the matter background of the Universe at present.
Application of a dual-plane particle image velocimetry (dual-PIV) technique for the unsteadiness characterization of a shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction

The unsteady organization and temporal dynamics of the interaction between a planar shock wave impinging on a turbulent boundary layer at a free-stream Mach number of Me = 1.69 is investigated experimentally by means of dual-plane particle image velocimetry (dual-PIV). Two independent PIV systems were combined in a two-component mode to obtain instantaneous velocity fields separated by a prescribed small time delay. This enables us to obtain, in addition to mean and statistical flow properties, also instantaneously time-resolved data to characterize the temporal dynamics of the flow phenomenon in terms of time scales, temporal correlations and convective velocities. The characteristic time scales for the incoming boundary layer, the separation region and the reflected shock are determined by means of the temporal auto-correlation coefficient in the complete flow field for a range of time delays from 5 µs to 2000 µs. These auto-correlation fields are used to quantify the time scales in selected regions of the flow, with special interest for the vortex shedding and the low frequency reflected shock dynamics. This permits resolving the dominant time scales within the boundary layer and the interaction region.
Determinants of Poverty among Farming Households in Nigeria

This study investigated the determinants of poverty among farming households in Nigeria. The study adopted the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) measure of poverty and employed the logit regression model to estimate the effect of the socio-economic variables on poverty among farming households. The results show high incidence of poverty among farming households. Age, size of household, income, and number of farms are major determinants of poverty among farming households. Further, living in the North-east, North-central, South-east, and South-south geo-political zones relative to North-west are major determinants of poverty. The results of marginal effects analysis reinforces the conclusion that the above factors are major determinants of poverty among farming households. Investing in the agricultural sector to reduce poverty should be a matter of priority. Measures aimed at improving both the quality of land and access to inputs could enhance the productivity of farmers. Though poverty is predominant in all the zones, a flexible approach to address the specific challenges of each zone rather than generalized measures could accelerate the pace of sustainable poverty reduction in the rural areas in particular and the country in general. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n2p365
Molecular Regulation of Vascular Cambium Identity and Activity

In plants, secondary development and wood formation originates from the cell divisions within the vascular meristem, where the vascular stem cells are located. This thesis work presents my results on the molecular regulation of vascular cambium stem cell identity and activity. I have investigated the role of the receptor-like kinase PXC1 during vascular development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutant analysis revealed that in the absence of PXC1, plants display a pendant phenotype and reduced secondary cell wall thickening and lignification in the inflorescence stems, showing that PXC1 is an important regulator of secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis. I also participated in the characterization of members of the TDIF/CLE41/CLE44-TDR/PXY-WOX4 signaling module in hybrid aspen. Functional studies showed that knock down of PtWOX4 paralogs inhibits vascular cambium activity and secondary xylem formation in transgenic trees. Moreover, over-expression of PtCLE41A and related genes induces vascular patterning defects, highly associated with ectopic cambial activity. Results from transcriptional analysis suggested that PtCLE41A and related genes positively regulate PtWOX4 during the regulation of vascular cambium activity. By analysing gene expression patterns in Norway spruce, I provided evidence for the existence of conserved mechanisms in angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species with regard to the regulation of cambium function through CLE41, TDR/PXY and WOX4-like genes. Finally, I also identified different PtLCLE genes as candidate regulators of vascular cambium activity and tree growth. I studied functions of these genes by employing transgenic approaches in hybrid aspen and showed that down regulation or up regulation of these genes affect many different phenotypic properties in hybrid aspen such as cambium activity, internode elongation, leaf size, and adventitious rooting. In conclusion, results of these projects provide new insights into the regulation of vascular cambium activity and wood formation.
GLOBAL ROBUST SERVOMECHANISM OF A CLASS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS USING OUTPUT FEEDBACK

The robust servomechanism problem (alternatively, output regulation problem) of the class of nonlinear systems in lower triangular form has been extensively studied in recent years. The semi‐global solution was first given by either state feedback or output feedback. The global solution by state feedback was given very recently. However, the global solution by output feedback has long been an open problem. In this paper, we present a set of solvability conditions of the global robust servomechanism problem for this class of nonlinear systems by output feedback.
First notice of the Chirostylidae (Deeapoda) in the fossil record and new Tertiary Galatheidae (Deeapoda) from the Americas

Two new species from Alaska and Washington, USA, Munida konara sp. nov., and Munida quadroblonga sp. nov., comprise the first occurrence of the Galatheinae (Galatheidae) in western North America and only the third confirmed fossil occurrence of the family and subfamily from the North Pacific Ocean. A new genus and species from Patagonia, Austromunida casadioi, documents the first occurrence of the Galatheinae (Galatheidae) from that region. The Galatheinae appear to have evolved in the North Atlantic or Europe and subsequently dispersed to the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans via a polar route and'or Atlantic ocean currents. The Munidopsinae appear to have evolved in the North Atlantic region during the Jurassic and subsequently dispersed to the southern hemisphere by Cretaceous time, as documented by occurrences of the subfamily in Cretaceous rocks of Antarctica. A new Cretaceous genus and species, Pristinaspina gelasina from Alaska, USA, consitutes the earliest known occurrence of the Chirostylidae. That new taxon, in addition to two fossil species herein reassigned to Eumunida, E. pentacantha (Miiller and Collins, 1991) and E. nishioi (Karasawa, 1993), constitute the first notice of the Chirostylidae in the fossil record. A key to the fossil Galatheoidea demonstrates that arrangement of genera within the Galatheidae, based solely upon characters of the dorsal carapace, generally conforms with subfamilial taxa defined on biologi­ cal criteria; however, the Chirostylidae are not adequately constrained. Rugafarius Bishop, 1985, previously assigned to the Galatheidae, is herein placed within the Prosopidae von Meyer, 1860.
Performance of broilers fed dry peppermint ( Mentha piperita L . ) or thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L . ) leaf supplemented diet

no: 249 Performance of broilers fed dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaf supplemented diet N. Ocak*, G. Erener, F. B. Ak. M. Sungu, A. Altop, A. Ozmen. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun-Turkey. *E-mail: nuhocak@omu.edu. tr Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the performance, carcass and gastrointestinal tract characteristics of broilers fed dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaf as menthol and thymol sources supplemented diet. In the study, 312, one-wk-old broilers (Ross-308) were used. There were 3 dietary treatments, each consisting of 4 replicates (13 male and 13 female in each replicate). Control group was fed basal diet, while peppermint and thyme groups were fed a diet containing 0.2% peppermint or thyme (w/w), respectively. From 7 d to 35 d of age, the body weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in broilers fed peppermint-supplemented diet compared to control, but the effect of peppermint on BW gain had disappeared at 42 d of age. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the characteristics of carcass and gastrointestinal tract were not significantly different among the 3 treatments. The peppermint or thyme increased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat pad at 42 d of age. The present study shows that the feeding of either peppermint or thyme did not affect growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass and gastrointestinal tract characteristics of broilers, but an increase in abdominal fat should be taken into account for carcass quality and processing.
The Human Sustainability of ICT and Management Changes: Evidence for the French Public and Private Sectors

We investigate the human sustainability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and management changes using a French linked employer-employee survey on organizational changes and computerization. We approach the human sustainability of changes through the evolutions of work intensity, skills utilization, and the subjective relationship to work. We compare in the private sector and the state civil service the impacts of ICT and management changes on the evolution of these three dimensions of work experience. We find that intense ICT and management changes are associated, in the public sector, with work intensification and knowledge increase. In the private sector, ICT and management changes increase the use of skills, but at a rate decreasing with their intensity and without favoring the accumulation of new knowledge. However, their impacts on the subjective relationship to work are much stronger, with public sector employees expressing discouragement, as well as the feeling of an increased effort-reward imbalance when private sector employees become more committed. We find that this divergence is neither explained by the self-selection of employees in the two sectors nor by implementation of performance pay. We identify two partial explanations: one is related to employee turnover in the private sector, the other to the role of trade unions. These results suggest that the human sustainability of ICT and management changes depends on their intensity and on how their implementation takes into account the institutional context of the organization.
A Mann iterative regularization method for elliptic Cauchy problems

We investigate the Cauchy problem for linear elliptic operators with C ∞–coefficients at a regular set Ω ⊂ R 2, which is a classical example of an ill-posed problem. The Cauchy data are given at the manifold Γ ⊂ ∂Ω and our goal is to reconstruct the trace of the H 1(Ω) solution of an elliptic equation at ∂Ω/Γ. The method proposed here composes the segmenting Mann iteration with a fixed point equation associated with the elliptic Cauchy problem. Our algorithm generalizes the iterative method developed by Maz'ya et al., who proposed a method based on solving successive well-posed mixed boundary value problems. We analyze the regularizing and convergence properties both theoretically and numerically. †Supported by CNPq under grant 200049-94.1 and FWF project F–1308 within Spezial-forschungsbereich 13.