Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indian currency uncovered with microbes retrieved from expected and unexpected transaction points

The aim of the study is to determine the presence, type and nature of bacterial contamination on paper currency and coins in circulation. Total 96 paper currency and 48 coins of different denominations were randomly collected from butcher shop, vegetables seller, auto rickshaw and rickshaw man, chemist store, tuberculosis chest outpatient department (OPD) and general OPD from the different areas of Lucknow city in a sterile paper bags. A total of 249/92 bacteria, 49/24 fungal isolates and 1/0 parasite were obtained from the paper currency and coins respectively. Different bacterial species were isolated with the most common isolates being Bacillus species (60.41%, 47.91%) and followed by Escherichia coli (41.66%, 35.41%), Proteus species (39.58%, 42.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (35.41%, 12.5%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (28.12%, 31.25%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.83%, 23.1%), Diphtheroids (17.70%, 0%), Enterococcus species (11.45%, 0%), Streptococcus pyogenes (11.45%, 0%), Salmonella species (2.08%, 0%), Shigella species (1.04%, 0%) and acid fast Bacilli (2.08%, 0%). Different fungus that is, Aspergillus species (27.08%, 37.5%), Candida albicans (13.54%, 12.5%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (9.37%, 0%) and Ascari s egg (1.04%, 0%) were found in paper currency and coins respectively. These results suggest that the currency is commonly contaminated with microbes, and this contamination may play a role in the transmission of antibiotic resistant or potentially harmful organism. This work seeks to confirm microbial contamination of currency and also introduces the nature and levels of contamination of the Indian currency. The distribution of contamination was unexpectedly higher in unexpected locations, indicative of our wide ignorance and indifference toward contamination through this route.
Triangulated categories with a single compact generator and a Brown representability theorem

We generalize a theorem of Bondal and Van den Bergh. A corollary of our main results says the following: Let $X$ be a scheme proper over a noetherian ring $R$. Then the Yoneda map, taking an object $D$ in the category $\dcoh(X)$ to the functor $\Hom(-,D)|_{\dperf X}^{}:\dperf X\op\la\mod R$, is an equivalence of $\dcoh(X)$ with the category of finite $R$--linear cohomological functors $H:\dperf X\op\la\mod R$. A cohomological functor $H$ is \emph{finite} if $\oplus_{i=-\infty}^\infty H^i(C)$ is a finite $R$--module for every $C\in\dperf X$. Bondal and Van den Bergh proved the special case where $R$ is a field and $X$ is projective over $R$. But our theorems are more general. They work in the abstract generality of triangulated categories with coproducts and a single compact generator, satisfying a certain approximability property. At the moment I only know how to prove this approximability for the categories $\Dqc(X)$ with $X$ a quasicompact, separated scheme, for the homotopy category of spectra, and for the category $\D(R)$ where $R$ is a (possibly noncommutative) negatively graded dg algebra. The work was inspired by Jack Hall's elegant new proof of a vast generalization of GAGA, a proof based on representability theorems of the type above. The generality of Hall's result made me wonder how far the known representability theorems could be improved.
Multimodal integration of EEG and MEG data using minimum ℓ₂-norm estimates

The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of multimodal integration of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data on the minimum £2-norm estimates of cortical current densities. We investigated analytically the effect of including EEG recordings in MEG studies versus the addition of new MEG channels. To further confirm these results, clinical datasets comprising concurrent MEG/EEG acquisitions were analyzed. Minimum e2-norm estimates were computed using MEG alone, EEG alone, and the combination of the two modalities. Localization accuracy of responses to median-nerve stimulation was evaluated to study the utility of combining MEG and EEG. Thesis Supervisor: Emery N. Brown, M.D., Ph.D. Title: Professor of Health Sciences and Technology, Professor of Computational Neuroscience Thesis Supervisor: Matti Him~ilinen, Ph.D. Title: Affiliated faculty, Health Sciences and Technology
Northern European viticulture compared to Central European high altitude viticulture: annual growth cycle of grapevines in the years 2012–2013

As a result of global warming and grape breeding, viticulture is spreading to the Baltic Sea Region and Southern Scandinavia. The aim of the study, conducted in 2012–2013, was to determine the extent of the differences between the current climate and growth conditions of Tuusula and Alsgarde vineyards that are located in the Baltic Sea Region, and the highest European vineyards that are located in Central Europe's Unterstalten. The research material consisted of measurements taken of the soil and air temperatures, and the thickness of the snow layer, all of which were taken simultaneously all year round (October 20, 2012–October 20, 2013). The study revealed that the soil temperature at Alsgarde did not differ significantly from the soil temperature at Unterstalten during the growing season, but the soil temperature at Tuusula was significantly lower than that of Unterstalten (P 0.05). In June, July, and August, the air temperatures at Tuusula and Alsgarde were significantly higher than at Unterstalten (P<0.001). In midsummer, Tuusula experienced 1 hour and 31 minutes more daylight than Alsgarde, and 3 hours and 19 minutes more than Unterstalten. The average snow cover in the winter months at Tuusula was 41 cm and in Unterstalten it was 50 cm. There was no permanent snow cover in the winter at Alsgarde. Based on this study, the grapevine growing conditions in the Baltic Sea Region do not differ crucially from the growing conditions of vineyards that are located in the highest regions of Central Europe; consequently, the wine growing that is carried out by several European Vitis vinifera L. and hybrid varieties is already possible in Tuusula and Alsgarde.
Journalism studies: The need to think about journalists' thinking

Journalism trainers and educators (with the emphasis on education) should take the criticism against journalism seriously, including the deep-rooted mistrust of journalism, and use it as a point of departure in their curriculum development. This article paraphrases the early criticism against journalism, after which the two main streams of contemporary criticism, namely critical political economy and professional criticism are briefly discussed. Pierre Bourdieu's views about the structural limitations of journalism and the fact that these limitations are not questioned by journalists, as well as Kenneth Minogue's views about journalistic ideology and how it has become transparent and forms the basis of the public's mistrust of the media, are emphasised. Against this background, it is argued that, to raise the quality of journalism, journalism studies should adopt a more fundamental approach to the understanding of journalism and the journalist's work. Instead of focussing predominantly on professional skills, there is a need for journalism studies, also in terms of raising its own status as an academic discipline, to focus more on intellectual skills such as reasoning, argumentation, persuasion (rhetoric), contextualisation, the skills of historical thinking, description, interpretation and evaluation. Apart from this, it is argued that South African journalism studies should also focus on the development of an African epistemology for the practice and evaluation of journalism in South Africa.
Distributions of the h-index and the g-index

In every scientific research area, each scientist has a unique h-index and g-index. This paper addresses the problem of determining the distribution of these indexes over the scientists. We apply aspects of linear three-dimensional Lotkaian informetrics to determine these distributions. We show that, supposing the article – citation information production process (IPP) to be Lotkaian with exponent and supposing the scientist-article IPP to be Lotkaian with exponent α , we have that the scientist-h-index IPP and the scientist-g-index IPP are Lotkaian with exponent . This model is proved for discrete as well as continuous variables. α ∗ αα This shows that the size-frequency distributions of the h-index and the g-index are very skew in general due to the generally high value of αα . We also calculate the rank-frequency distributions of the hand g-index, based on the size-frequency distributions in the continuous variables case. Examples are given.
Mutual Fund Trades: Timing Sentiment and Managing Tracking Error Variance

We use portfolio holdings to show that mutual funds preferentially trade stocks according to the stocks’ sentiment betas. Stocks with high sentiment betas are more responsive to investor sentiment and increase (decrease) in value as sentiment increases (decreases). Sentiment-based trades may be motivated by the opportunity to increase fund returns through timing predictability in sentiment, or by management of portfolio risk. Sentiment is mean-reverting, but its level and recent change only partially explain these trades. In contrast, 30 percent of sentiment-based trades are explained by the initial sentiment beta of funds that trade to reduce their tracking error variance.
Primordial black hole abundance from random Gaussian curvature perturbations and a local density threshold

The production rate of primordial black holes is often calculated by considering a nearly Gaussian distribution of cosmological perturbations, and assuming that black holes will form in regions where the amplitude of such perturbations exceeds a certain threshold. A threshold $\zeta_{\rm th}$ for the curvature perturbation is somewhat inappropriate for this purpose, because it depends significantly on environmental effects, not essential to the local dynamics. By contrast, a threshold $\delta_{\rm th}$ for the density perturbation at horizon crossing seems to provide a more robust criterion. On the other hand, the density perturbation is known to be bounded above by a maximum limit $\delta_{\rm max}$, and given that $\delta_{\rm th}$ is comparable to $\delta_{\rm max}$, the density perturbation will be far from Gaussian near or above the threshold. In this paper, we provide a new plausible estimate for the primordial black hole abundance based on peak theory. In our approach, we assume that the curvature perturbation is given as a random Gaussian field with the power spectrum characterized by a single scale, while an optimized criterion for PBH formation is imposed, based on the locally averaged density perturbation. Both variables are related by the full nonlinear expression derived in the long-wavelength approximation of general relativity. We do not introduce a window function, and the scale of the inhomogeneity is introduced as a random variable in the peak theory. We find that the mass spectrum is shifted to larger mass scales by one order of magnitude or so, compared to a conventional calculation. The abundance of PBHs becomes significantly larger than the conventional one, by many orders of magnitude, mainly due to the optimized criterion for PBH formation and the removal of the suppresion associated with a window function.
The Place of Indigenous Knowledge in Tertiary Science Education: A Case Study of Canadian Practices in Indigenising the Curriculum

Abstract In Australia, Indigenising the curriculum is increasingly acknowledged as a possible avenue for addressing Indigenous under-representation in tertiary science education in a culturally appropriate and relevant manner. While no Australian university has implemented such a program, there is much to be learnt about the inherent complexities of Indigenising curriculum before it is pursued. In Canada, however, innovative university programs have been implemented that imbed Indigenous knowledge into the curriculum. This paper details key findings from research that sought to learn from Canadian practices in Indigenising tertiary science curriculum, by exploring the practices and experiences of two Canadian programs: Trent University's Indigenous Environmental Studies program, and Cape Breton University's Integrative Science program.
Essential Oil Composition of Rosa damascena Mill Cultivated in Central Iran

The essential oil of Rosa damascena Mill cultivated in central Iran (Kashan region) from the petals and whole flower (petals and retals), were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus in aqueous and acidic (10% v/v)solutions. Depending on the conditions of the steam distillation, eighteen major components of the essential oil extracts were identified by GC-MS in a 0.4-1% yield. The volatile components obtained from the retals were compared with the volatile oil from whole flowers (retals and petals) in aqueous and acidic solutions. The major differences were, first, some of the effective component in the retals, like beta-citronellol, which is responsible for the higher quality of the rose oil obtained in a better yield, and, secondly, some of the toxic components, like 2-octanamine (0.47% in E sample), which can reduce the quality of the rose oil and which are completely removed in the acidic solution. According to the GC-MS results, beta-citronellol (14.5-47.5%), nonadecane (10.5-40.5%), geraniol (5.5-18%) and henicosane (7-14%), were the major components of the oil.
SPICE modeling of SiC MOSFET considering interface-trap influence

SPICE modeling of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET considering the influence of interface traps has been carried out, which is able to describe the characteristics of the MOS transistors in all operation modes at different interface trap densities and measurement temperatures. This modeling employs the SPICE level-1 model of MOSFET, but the constant mobility in the piecewise current equations has been replaced by the advanced mobility expression, which can exactly reflect the effect of SiC/SiO2 interface traps on the electrical characteristics of SiC MOSFET. Key parameters in the advanced mobility model are obtained according to charge-sheet model (CSM) of MOS system. The static characteristics of the developed SiC MOSFET model have been validated with the production Datasheet, and the dynamic characteristics have been experimentally verified in Boost converter. Based on the developed model, the effect of SiC/SiO2 interface-trap densities on the switching performances of SiC MOSFET has been quantitatively discussed, and reasonable gate driving voltage of SiC MOSFET with different interface-trap densities has been revealed.
Role of individual and combined inocula on the development of pea root rot

Four pathogens namely Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi, F. solani f.sp. pisi, Rhizoctonia solani and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella were associated with pea root rot in Himachal Pradesh, India. The role of individual and combined inocula of these pathogens was investigated. F. s. f.sp. pisi had the best competitive ability over other pathogens. Pea seedlings pre-inoculated with P. m. var. pinodella followed by F. s. f.sp. pisi exhibited a significant additive effect on the disease. Mixed inocula of F. o. f.sp pisi with P. m. var. pinodella had a significant suppressive effect and that of R. solani with P. m. var. pinodella an additive effect on the development of pea root-rot disease.
Authentic leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour in the public health care sector: The role of workplace trust

Orientation: The orientation of this study was towards authentic leadership and its influence on workplace trust and organisational citizenship behaviour in the public health care sector. Research purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of authentic leadership on organisational citizenship behaviour, through workplace trust among public health care employees in South Africa. The objective was to determine whether authentic leadership affects organisational citizenship behaviour through workplace trust (conceptualised as trust in the organisation, immediate supervisor and co-workers). Motivation for the study: Employees in the public health care industry are currently being faced with a demanding work environment which includes a lack of trust in leadership. This necessitated the need to determine whether authentic leadership ultimately leads to extra-role behaviours via workplace trust in its three referents. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used with employees the public health care sector in South Africa (N = 633). The Authentic Leadership Inventory, Workplace Trust Survey and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale were administered to these participants. Main findings: The results indicated that authentic leadership has a significant influence on trust in all three referents, namely the organisation, the supervisor and co-workers. Both trust in the organisation and trust in co-workers positively influenced organisational citizenship behaviour. Conversely, authentic leadership did not have a significant influence on organisational citizenship behaviour. Finally, authentic leadership had a significant indirect effect on organisational citizenship behaviour through trust in the organisation and trust in co-workers. Trust in the organisation was found to have the strongest indirect effect on the relationship between authentic leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour. Practical/managerial implications: The main findings suggest that public health care institutions would benefit if leaders are encouraged to be more authentic as this might result in increases in both trust among co-workers and in the organisation. Consequently, employees might be more likely to exert additional effort in their work. Contribution/value-add: Limited empirical evidence exists with regard to the relationship between authentic leadership, workplace trust in its three referents and organisational citizenship behaviour. This study aimed to contribute to the limited number of studies conducted.
Steroid receptors ER α , ERß , PRA and PRB are differentially expressed in normal and atrophic human endometrium

estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), which are related to autocrine and paracrine processes that respond to estrogen and progesterone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution pattern of ERα, ERß, PR-A and PR-B with monoclonal antibodies in normal human endometrial tissue. Study Design: Human endometrial tissue was obtained from 84 premenopausal and 11 postmenopausal patients and immunohistochemically analysed with monoclonal antibodies against ERα, ERß, PR-A and PR-B. Results: ERα, PR-A and PR-B declined significantly (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.05 respectively) in glandular epithelium from proliferative to late secretory phase. The ERß immunohistochemical reaction showed a similar significant declining pattern (p<0.05), although the staining intensity was lower than that of ERα. While ERα, ERß and PR-B decrease significantly in atrophic endometrial tissue compared to proliferative endometrium, a significant up-regulation of PR-A was observed compared to late secretory phase (p<0.05). Conclusion: ERα, ERß, PR-A and PR-B were expressed in normal human endometrium with a cyclical variation during the menstrual cycle. In normal postmenopausal endometrial tissue, a down-regulation of ERα, ERß and PR-B occurs with a subsequent higher expression of PRA. These results show the presence of steroid receptors in human epithelium, indicating that these cells respond to estrogen and progesterone, thus playing a significant role in endometrial physiology.
The lateralization of anticipatory alpha oscillations while allocating visuospatial attention

The first aim of this study was to examine whether alpha lateralization is linked to spatial attention. It was examined whether the manipulation of cue validity has an influence on the lateralization of alpha synchronization. The second aim of this study was to examine whether predictions regarding performance can be made based on alpha synchronization. To address these questions, 13 participants were presented with an endogenous orienting paradigm. The cues differed in the validity that the stimulus, the respondent had to respond to, was correct predicted by the cue. EEG was measured during the whole experiment and wavelet analyses were applied on the raw EEG. Results of the lateralized power spectra (LPS) data indicates that there is a greater lateralization in the condition with higher spatial certainty compared to the condition with lower spatial certainty and that the alpha band desynchronization was higher at contralateral than on ipsilateral electrodes. Additionally, results indicate that individual performance differences can be predicted by the LPS index of the electrodes. The results found in this study indicate that alpha lateralization is an adequate method to examine attention.
Genetic diversity in a natural population of the halophytic legume Prosopis strombulifera revealed by AFLP fingerprinting

Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. is a spiny shrub with the maximum tolerance limits reported for halophytic plants. This species is frequently found in the salinized areas in south-western of Córdoba and San Luis provinces, Argentina. Little is known about the genetic diversity within this species in a native population. Genetic diversity in 60 plants of P. strombulifera in south-western San Luis was investigated using AFLP analysis. Polymorphism was found among the samples tested. Four combinations of primers led to the identification of an average of 250 polymorphic bands and the data were used for cluster analysis. P. strombulifera genotypes are clearly separated in subclusters and reflect the diversity within the collection area. This study is a contribution to describe the intra-specific diversity in a natural population of P. strombulifera, and the polymorphism obtained is comparable with other populations of Prosopis species. Results demonstrate the importance of identifying different intrapopulation genotypes as components of a gene bank of P. strombulifera.
Personal hygiene and asymptomatic bacteriuria in women aged 40 to 65 years

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is one of the bacterial infections most frequently found in women in all age groups, particularly in postmenopausal women. Around 10-25% of women suffer from symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) all their life. Several risk factors are associated with the occurrence of ABU in females, such as a history of UTI, sexual activity, diabetes mellitus, personal hygiene, sexual hygiene, and menopausal status. The aim of this study was to determine the most important risk factor of influence on ABU in premenopausal and postmenopausal women at the Pasar Minggu Primary Health Center. This was an analytical cross-sectional observational study. The study sample consisted of premenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 40-65 years visiting a Primary Health Center of the Pasar Minggu Subdistrict, South Jakarta, who were selected by consecutive sampling. The data analysis used prevalence ratios and logistic regression. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of positive bacteriuria in females was 45%. Sexual activity, sexual hygiene, menopausal status of the females, and personal hygiene were risk factors of ABU. Personal hygiene was the most influential risk factor on the occurrence of ABU in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Since in this study ABU was present in 45% of women, thus making it a common disorder in middle-aged and older women, it is recommended that the primary care physician directly administer therapy to women with symptoms of UTI without performing laboratory analysis.