Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correct Higher-Order Program Transformations

We present a method for proving the correctness of compiler optimizations for higher-order programming languages. Programs are annotated with propositions derived as the solutions to data ow constraints formulated as local consistency conditions for each parse tree node. We can prove that any such solution yields sound annotations, that is, the propositions are true. Each compiler optimization is presented as a source-to-source transformation. Using the annotations and additional constraint information, we can prove that the optimization is correct with respect to some criterion. The correctness criterion is similar for each transformation. The particular optimizations we exhibit are selective and lightweight closure conversion (constructing source-level closures for procedures, with two variations), Ultra(a generalization of copy propagation to higher-order languages), and selective thunki cation (transforming call-by-name programs into callby-value equivalents). iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Mitch Wand, for suggesting the line of research that led to this dissertation. His insight and patience have been invaluable. I would also like to thank the other members of my dissertation committee, Karl Lieberherr, Bob Muller, and Jens Palsberg, for their helpful comments on earlier drafts. Many present and former professors at the College of Computer Science at Northeastern University have been helpful to me as I pursued my doctorate. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the in uence of Professors Cindy Brown, Larry Finkelstein, Richard Kelsey, Andy Klapper, Luc Longpr e, and Alan Selman. iv
Inference for approximating regression models

The assumptions underlying the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model are regularly and sometimes severely violated. In consequence, inferential procedures presumed valid for OLS are invalidated in practice. We describe a framework that is robust to model violations, and describe the modifications to the classical inferential procedures necessary to preserve inferential validity. As the covariates are assumed to be stochastically generated ("Random-X"), the sought after criterion for coverage becomes marginal rather than conditional. We focus on slopes, mean responses, and individual future observations. For slopes and mean responses, the targets of inference are redefined by means of least squares regression at the population level. The partial slopes that that regression defines, rather than the slopes of an assumed linear model, become the population quantities of interest, and they can be estimated unbiasedly. Under this framework, we estimate the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) in Randomized Controlled Studies (RCTs), and derive an estimator more efficient than one commonly used. We express the ATE as a slope coefficient in a population regression and immediately prove unbiasedness that way. For the mean response, the conditional value of the best least squares approximation to the response surface in the population rather than the conditional value of y, is aimed to be captured. A calibration through pairs bootstrap can markedly improve such coverage. Moving to observations, we show that when attempting to cover future individual responses, a simple in-sample calibration technique that widens the empirical interval to contain $(1-\alpha)*100\%$ of the sample residuals is asymptotically valid, even in the face of gross model violations. OLS is startlingly robust to model departures when a future y needs to be covered, but nonlinearity, combined with a skewed X-distribution, can severely undermine coverage of the mean response. Our ATE estimator dominates the common estimator, and the stronger the R squared of the regression of a patient's response on covariates, treatment indicator, and interactions, the better our estimator's relative performance. By considering a regression model as a semiparametric approximation to a stochastic mechanism, and not as its description, we rest assured that a coverage guarantee is a coverage guarantee. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Statistics First Advisor Lawrence D. Brown
Criteria for diagnosis

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading criteria for diagnosis is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Functional food synergies : improving the effect of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular disease risk factors through concurrent dietary consumption of canola or soy isoflavones.

Ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are among the leading causes of death in Australian men and women with heart diseases being the third highest cause of death in Australian women and fourth highest cause of death in Australian men (AIHW, 2006). In Australia more than 50% of all adults have two or three (out of a possible nine) risk factors for cardiovascular disease and 15% having four or more risk factors. It has long been recognised that diet modification can reduce these risks. Recently dietary advice has moved from an “exclusionary” to an “inclusionary” paradigm. That is, rather than identify dietary items to avoid, current guidelines recommend incorporating advice to increase the consumption of a range of functional foods including marine sourced omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA and vegetable oils. EPA and effective foods mortality, sudden death and myocardial infarction. EPA and provide this cardiovascular benefit by improving several risk factors including: fasting plasma triglycerides, blood pressure and arterial compliance. However, a safety concern of dietary EPA and DHA supplementation is their capacity to cause a concentrations.
New Methods of Intrusion Detection using Control-Loop Measurement

This paper describes a new concept in network intrusion detection based up statistical recognition of an intruder's control-loop. These criteria offer advantages in infinite networks and where a priori attack scenarios are not known. This paper describes the need for better intrusion detection methods, the applicability of digital signal processing to real-time network surveillance, the concept of controlloop behavior, and the design of an innovative intrusion detection system employing these. We also discuss the benefits of this new system in comparison with alternative technologies.
DeepMapping: Unsupervised Map Estimation From Multiple Point Clouds

We propose DeepMapping, a novel registration framework using deep neural networks (DNNs) as auxiliary functions to align multiple point clouds from scratch to a globally consistent frame. We use DNNs to model the highly non-convex mapping process that traditionally involves hand-crafted data association, sensor pose initialization, and global refinement. Our key novelty is that “training” these DNNs with properly defined unsupervised losses is equivalent to solving the underlying registration problem, but less sensitive to good initialization than ICP. Our framework contains two DNNs: a localization network that estimates the poses for input point clouds, and a map network that models the scene structure by estimating the occupancy status of global coordinates. This allows us to convert the registration problem to a binary occupancy classification, which can be solved efficiently using gradient-based optimization. We further show that DeepMapping can be readily extended to address the problem of Lidar SLAM by imposing geometric constraints between consecutive point clouds. Experiments are conducted on both simulated and real datasets. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons demonstrate that DeepMapping often enables more robust and accurate global registration of multiple point clouds than existing techniques. Our code is available at https://ai4ce.github. io/DeepMapping/.
The influence of a summer residential honors program experience on the social and emotional development of gifted young women

EXPERIENCE ON THE SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF GIFTED YOUNG WOMEN by KATHERINE A.M. DODD (Under the Direction of Thomas P. Hébert) ABSTRACT While many studies have addressed gifted girls’ difficult social and emotional development and certain societal obstacles that influence that development, there is limited research regarding how summer enrichment program experiences may influence a gifted girl’s social and emotional development. To address this gap in the literature, this qualitative study examined the experiences of five gifted young women who attended the Georgia Governor’s Honors Program. Major findings included each participant describing an improvement in academic/talent self-concept due to the Georgia Governor’s Honors Program’s unique learning environment, improvement in social selfconcept through the establishment of a true peer group among other program participants, and the development of security in identity as a result of participation in the Georgia Governor’s Honors Program. Implications of the findings are presented with suggestions for educators and enrichment program directors on how to develop such program environments that positively affect gifted girls’ social and emotional development.
TJELESNA KOMPOZICIJA, NAVIKE U ISHRANI I RIZICI ZA RAZVOJ POREMEĆAJA ISHRANE U UZORKU ELITNIH SPORTISKINJA

The number of women who actively participate in sports has drastically increased in the last few decades, which is a trend followed by many health benefits and serious harmful health side effects as well. The Female Athlete Triad stands out among these as a condition which includes eating disorders, menstrual disorders and osteoporosis. Eating disorders are the first link to which all other disorders are later attached, while the risk for their development rema ins undetected despite the specificities of certain sports. They often develop out of eating re strictions (diets) or out of an unhealthy eating habit. The aims of this paper were to detect risks for the development of eating disorders by 1) determining body composition parameters and harmful eating habits and 2) identifying risk factors suggested by American Academy of Family Phy sicians. The sample of examinees was comprised of e lite emale athletes (N=111) divided into three groups (sports that use a ball, dance and athletics ), each with different risks for the development of eating disorders. The control group (N=27) consi sted of non-athlete female students. They had their body composition and BMI determined and t hey answered a questionnaire which estimated risks for the development of eating disor ers in primary health care. Based on the answers to screening questions and eat ing habits, the results showed significantly higher risks for the development of eating disorder s in the athletes’ group, compared to the control group. Low BMI of less than 18.5, as a dire ct criterion for energy deficiency, was also more present (p<0,05) in the athletes’ group. Therefore, based on body index values and key scree ning questions, we conclude that active participation in sports carries a higher risk for t he development of eating disorders.
Assessment of Residents’ Understanding and Demands on Gardens in Gyeongnam Region, Korea

This study was conducted to investigate effective ways to meet social and cultural interest in and needs of gardens and gardening. A total of 191 respondents who answered they were living in Gyeongnam region in the questionnaire were selected: 102 (53.4%) were males and 89 (46.6%) were females. In frequency of garden visits, 45% of the respondents answered they visited gardens once a year. Their preferred companion was family (43.6%), followed by friends/colleagues (24.3%). Their important motives of garden visits included admiration of gardens’ scenery and ambience, pleasure in being outdoors, relaxing mentally and physically, and appreciation of plants. Relatively less important motives included understanding or educating about nature and environmental conservation, and interest in garden design and horticulture techniques. In the overall assessment of gardens and gardening, the quality of the establishment, management and operation of botanic gardens and arboreta in Gyeongnam region scored 3.32 scale, which was close to the level of ‘fair. ’ Also, the respondents agreed at 3.91 scale that it was necessary to improve the garden creation, gardening, and garden culture. Meanwhile, many people in Gyeongnam region did not clearly understand differences between garden and public park, also had a very obscure perception of public garden. The results of importance-performance analysis (IPA) indicated that it is necessary to concentrate on directing and developing some programs such as admiration of beautiful and exotic plants, and education on garden culture including garden making and horticultural techniques.
Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions

Abstract In aquatic environments, phytoplankton represent a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Many phytoplankton taxa also produce extracellular ROS under optimal growth conditions in culture. However, the physiological purpose of extracellular ROS production by phytoplankton and its wider significance to ecosystem-scale trophic interactions and biogeochemistry remain unclear. Here, we review the rates, taxonomic diversity, subcellular mechanisms and functions of extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by phytoplankton with a view towards future research directions. Model eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria produce extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at cell-normalized rates that span several orders of magnitude, both within and between taxa. The potential ecophysiological roles of extracellular ROS production are versatile and appear to be shared among diverse phytoplankton species, including ichthyotoxicity, allelopathy, growth promotion, and iron acquisition. Whereas extracellular hydrogen peroxide likely arises from a combination of intracellular and cell surface production mechanisms, extracellular superoxide is predominantly generated by specialized systems for transplasma membrane electron transport. Future insights into the molecular-level basis of extracellular ROS production, combined with existing high-sensitivity geochemical techniques for the direct quantification of ROS dynamics, will help unveil the ecophysiological and biogeochemical significance of phytoplankton-derived ROS in natural aquatic systems.
Multi-Granularity Generator for Temporal Action Proposal

Temporal action proposal generation is an important task, aiming to localize the video segments containing human actions in an untrimmed video. In this paper, we propose a multi-granularity generator (MGG) to perform the temporal action proposal from different granularity perspectives, relying on the video visual features equipped with the position embedding information. First, we propose to use a bilinear matching model to exploit the rich local information within the video sequence. Afterwards, two components, namely segment proposal producer (SPP) and frame actionness producer (FAP), are combined to perform the task of temporal action proposal at two distinct granularities. SPP considers the whole video in the form of feature pyramid and generates segment proposals from one coarse perspective, while FAP carries out a finer actionness evaluation for each video frame. Our proposed MGG can be trained in an end-to-end fashion. Through temporally adjusting the segment proposals with fine-grained information based on frame actionness, MGG achieves the superior performance over state-of-the-art methods on the public THUMOS-14 and ActivityNet-1.3 datasets. Moreover, we employ existing action classifiers to perform the classification of the proposals generated by MGG, leading to significant improvements compared against the competing methods for the video detection task.
Investigation Relations between the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Efficacy Levels and Self-Efficacy Perception Levels of Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers

Bu arastirmanin amaci, ilkogretim matematik ogretmen adaylarinin Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi (TPAB) yeterlilik duzeyleri ve TPAB oz-yeterlilik algi duzeyleri arasindaki iliskileri belirlemektir. Arastirmada geometri konularindan biri olan cokgenler konusu uzerinde durulmustur ve ogretmen adaylarinin Alan Bilgisi (AB), Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi (PAB), Teknolojik Alan Bilgisi (TAB) ve Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi (TPAB) duzeyleri incelenmistir. Arastirmada korelasyonel arastirma yaklasimi kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin katilimcilarini Ozel Ogretim Yontemleri II dersini alan 88 ilkogretim matematik ogretmen adayi olusturmustur. Verilerin toplanmasi asamasinda ogretmen adaylarinin AB, PAB, TAB, TPAB yeterlilik duzeylerinin belirlenmesi icin Cokgenler Konusunda Coktan Secmeli Basari Testi, Soru Formlari, Ders Plani ve Katilimci Raporu kullanilmistir. Ayrica ogretmen adaylarinin TPAB oz-yeterlilik algi duzeylerinin belirlenmesi icin Geometri Konusunda TPAB Olcegi kullanilmistir. Ozetle arastirmada farkli veri kaynaklarindan elde edilen sonuclara gore, hem on test hem de son test puanlari icin TPAB yeterlilik puanlari ve oz-yeterlilik algi puanlari arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir iliski olmadigi belirlenmistir.
Genetics of Mental Disorders: A Guide for Students, Clinicians, and Researchers

Introduction. The Basics: Epidemiologic Foundations of Psychiatric Genetics. Variations on a Theme: Causal and Clinical Heterogeneity. Mathematical Models of Inheritance. Molecular Genetics and Mental Illness. Clinical Applications of Psychiatric Genetics. The Future of Psychiatric Genetics. Glossary. Readings in Psychiatric Genetics. Appendix: Internet Resources for Psychiatric Genetics.
Traumatic ophthalmic injuries ophthalmic injuries in mid-facial trauma: A decade long survey

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ophthalmic injuries associated with mid-facial fractures in patients admitted to Shahid Beheshti University Hospital in Babol, Iran, from 2002 to 2012. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ophthalmic injuries associated with mid-facial fractures in patients admitted to a university hospital over a decade (2002-2012). Relevant data, including history, operation notes, and consultation sheets, were collected using patients’ medical records. The types and frequencies of maxillofacial and concurrent ophthalmic injuries were derived and represented by figures and percentages. Result: A total of 196 medical charts of patients with mid-facial trauma were reviewed. Coexistent ophthalmic injuries were seen in 106 cases (93 males and 13 females). The mean age at the time of trauma was 31.01 ± 12.40. The most common cause of mid-facial trauma was motor-vehicle accidents (85.5%). Patients as a whole had 169 fractures. A bilateral orbital fracture was the most common fracture detected in this study (37.4% of the patients). Overall, 197 ophthalmic injuries were observed. Peri-orbital ecchymosis (68.3%) and blurred vision (12%) were the most common types of minor and major injuries, respectively. Conclusion: Serious ophthalmic injuries, such as permanent visual loss, retinal hemorrhage, laceration of cornea, and globe rupture, were at the low ebb in this survey; however, they must be ruled out in all mid-facial fractures by meticulous ophthalmologic examination. Because mid-facial fractures are potentially detrimental to orbital contents, an ophthalmologic consultation is mandatory and must be prioritized before embarking on performing maxillofacial surgical interventions.
Compacting Object Code via Parameterized Procedural Abstraction

Current compiler optimization research focuses on program transformations that increase code speed. Decreasing object file size is sometimes a goal since less code often means faster code. In this thesis we examine parameterized procedural abstraction . This is an extension of an optimization whose sole purpose is to reduce code size. Previously published implementations of procedural abstraction have produced space savings where instruction sequences are exact matches (i.e. instruction operations and operands are the same between code sequences). Researchers felt that parameterizing differences had too high a cost, but no investigations have been made into the potential space savings from exploiting inexact matches. We show that permanent space savings ( compaction) are possible when (1) covering matches with more than one procedure and (2) carefully choosing which inexact match instances are covered by each procedure. Our heuristic algorithms choose a mix of parameterized and unparameterized procedures that yield substantially better space savings in comparison to unparameterized procedures only.
Molecular and morphological variation of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus

During a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Iran, five populations of Pratylenchus neglectus were studied by means of morphological and molecular characterization. The results showed that body length has high significant correlation with morphometric data indices such as a (r = 0.487; p ≤ 0.01), b (r = 0.355; p ≤ 0.05), c (r = 0.527; p ≤ 0.01), stylet (r = 0.625; p ≤ 0.01), excretory pore (r = 0.750; p ≤ 0.01), overlapping (r = 0.434; p ≤ 0.01) and tail length (r = 0.447; p ≤ 0.05). However, the highest correlation was detected between pharynx overlapping and postvulval uterine sac (r = −0.935; p ≤ 0.01). A molecular study of the P. neglectus populations using 28S rDNA showed close relationships of the Iranian, UK (KX683377), South Korea (KY468842) and China (JX046968). The COI of mtDNA analysis showed close relationship of the Iranian P. neglectus with the Chineese populations (KX349423; KY424105). The results indicated monophyly of P. neglectus. Illustration and measurement tables are provided for the species.
Beveled Projectile Points and Ballistics Technology

Abstract Explanations for beveled blade edges on projectile points have been debated in North America archaeology since the first systematic description oflithic assemblages in the nineteenth century. Debate has centered around two opposing perspectives. One views beveled edges as features of projectile points that cause them to spin during flight. The other views beveling as a product of edge resharpening that is done unifacially to conserve scarce resources. Here we use a fluid-dynamics model to simulate the effect beveling has on projectiles. Expectations derived from this modeling are evaluated using windtunnel experiments. Our findings indicate that beveling produces in-flight rotation that serves as a means of increasing accuracy in relatively low-velocity flight paths.