Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ischemic and Bleeding Risk After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Prior Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Background Prior stroke is regarded as risk factor for bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there is a paucity of data on detailed bleeding risk of patients with prior hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes after PCI. Methods and Results In a pooled cohort of 19 475 patients from 3 Japanese PCI studies, we assessed the influence of prior hemorrhagic (n=285) or ischemic stroke (n=1773) relative to no‐prior stroke (n=17 417) on ischemic and bleeding outcomes after PCI. Cumulative 3‐year incidences of the co‐primary bleeding end points of intracranial hemorrhage, non‐intracranial global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO) moderate/severe bleeding, and the primary ischemic end point of ischemic stroke/myocardial infarction were higher in the prior hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke groups than in the no‐prior stroke group (6.8%, 2.5%, and 1.3%, P<0.0001, 8.8%, 8.0%, and 6.0%, P=0.001, and 12.7%, 13.4%, and 7.5%, P<0.0001). After adjusting confounders, the excess risks of both prior hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes relative to no‐prior stroke remained significant for intracranial hemorrhage (hazard ratio (HR) 4.44, 95% CI 2.64–7.01, P<0.0001, and HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06–2.12, P=0.02), but not for non‐intracranial bleeding (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.76–1.73, P=0.44, and HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78–1.13, P=0.53). The excess risks of both prior hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes relative to no‐prior stroke remained significant for ischemic events mainly driven by the higher risk for ischemic stroke (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02–2.01, P=0.04, and HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.29–1.72, P<0.0001). Conclusions Patients with prior hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke as compared with those with no‐prior stroke had higher risk for intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic events, but not for non‐intracranial bleeding after PCI.
Eye–Hand Coordination Impairment in Glaucoma Patients

This study examined whether patients with glaucoma exhibit differences in eye–hand coordination tasks compared to age-matched normal-sighted control subjects. Twenty-eight patients with moderate-to-advanced stages of glaucoma and 28 subjects with no ocular disease participated in the study. The Motor Performance Series (MLS) of the Vienna Test System including aiming, linear tracking, tremor, and tapping tests were used to assess eye–hand coordination. Monocular Humphrey Visual Field and binocular Humphrey Esterman Visual Field tests were used to estimate visual field (VF) defect severity. Correlation between MLS scores and VF defects, visual acuity, and patient age were assessed. Glaucoma patients performed slower aiming at targets, committed more errors, and took longer to complete linear tracking and tremor tasks compared to the normal-sighted control group. Furthermore, tapping test scores indicated reduced hand movements at maximum frequency. The presence of asymmetrical monocular VF defects were associated with longer error durations in linear tracking tasks. Furthermore, MLS scores decline with advancing age and reduced visual acuity. Glaucoma patients had lower values for most MLS parameters compared to controls. However, monocular and binocular VF defects cannot fully explain the impartments in eye–hand coordination associated with glaucoma.
Perception of potential harm and benefits of HIV vaccine trial participation: A qualitative study from urban Tanzania

Background The development of an effective preventive HIV vaccine is the best-known option to halt incident HIV infections. Participants in HIV vaccine trials may possess expectations shaped by existing socio-cultural contexts that are important to understand to allow for improved trial design. Here, we describe post-phase I/II HIV vaccine trial perceptions within participating communities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Materials and methods This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in May 2016. We conducted eight focus group discussions, each consisting of 5 to 12 participants. Four groups comprised of the past phase I/II HIV vaccine trial participants and four groups involved those who did not participate. We used a thematic analysis approach. Results Ongoing concerns existed among non-vaccine trial participants who believed that those who participated in HIV vaccine trials were infected with HIV. Limited post-HIV vaccine trial result dissemination, the pre-existing negative beliefs about vaccines, and experiences from other previous medical experiments fueled these concerns. The participants anticipated that broader dissemination of facts regarding HIV vaccine trials using media, former volunteers, and flyers would reduce the reported concerns. In contrast, some participants embraced the benefits gained through participating in HIV vaccine trials. HIV vaccine trial participants appreciated trial interventions, such as health status check-ups, knowledge acquisition, and facilitation of access to medical services. They envisioned mutual benefits in the form of community protection and capacity building among the local scientists. Conclusions The future conduct of HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania requires wider community dissemination of information and post-trial feedback to alleviate concerns among the participating communities. Interventions such as medical services may represent essential incentives to the HIV vaccine trial volunteers. In future HIV vaccine trials, it is crucial to boost individual and perceived mutual benefits.
The brain regions supporting schema-related processing of people’s identities

ABSTRACT Schematic knowledge about people helps us to understand their behaviour in novel situations. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and hippocampus play important, yet poorly understood, roles in schema-based processing. Here, we manipulated schematic knowledge by familiarizing participants over the course of a week to the two lead characters of one of two TV shows. Then during MRI scanning, they viewed pictures of all four characters and performed a recognition memory test afterwards. Memory was also tested for short videos. Schematic knowledge boosted performance on both memory tests. Whole-brain analyses revealed knowledge related activation increases in the vmPFC and retrosplenial cortex while a similar effect was identified in a hippocampal region-of-interest. Representational similarity analyses identified person-specific patterns of activity in the vmPFC but not hippocampus, but no effect of familiarization. Our findings suggest complementary roles for the vmPFC and hippocampus in processing schematic knowledge that was acquired in a naturalistic manner.
Structural insight into the length-dependent binding of ssDNA by SP_0782 from Streptococcus pneumoniae, reveals a divergence in the DNA-binding interface of PC4-like proteins

Abstract SP_0782 from Streptococcus pneumoniae is a dimeric protein that potentially binds with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in a manner similar to human PC4, the prototype of PC4-like proteins, which plays roles in transcription and maintenance of genome stability. In a previous NMR study, SP_0782 exhibited an ssDNA-binding property different from YdbC, a prokaryotic PC4-like protein from Lactococcus lactis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that although SP_0782 adopts an overall fold similar to those of PC4 and YdbC, the ssDNA length occupied by SP_0782 is shorter than those occupied by PC4 and YdbC. SP_0782 exhibits varied binding patterns for different lengths of ssDNA, and tends to form large complexes with ssDNA in a potential high-density binding manner. The structures of SP_0782 complexed with different ssDNAs reveal that the varied binding patterns are associated with distinct capture of nucleotides in two major DNA-binding regions of SP_0782. Moreover, a comparison of known structures of PC4-like proteins complexed with ssDNA reveals a divergence in the binding interface between prokaryotic and eukaryotic PC4-like proteins. This study provides insights into the ssDNA-binding mechanism of PC4-like proteins, and benefits further study regarding the biological function of SP_0782, probably in DNA protection and natural transformation.
THE PROBLEMS AND IMPACTS OF OROFACIAL PAIN AMONG A GROUP OF MALAYSIAN ABORIGINES

Background: The high prevalence and impacts of orofacial pain (OFP) have caused major sufferings to individuals and society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the problems and impacts of OFP among a group of Malaysian aborigines. The objectives were to determine (i) the prevalence, aetiology, duration, severity, types and persistence of OFP during the past 3 months preceding the study; (ii) its associated impact on daily performance; and (iii) the measures taken for pain relief. Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in Kuala Lipis, Pahang involving 6 villages of Orang Asli Bateq and Semai. Study sample was chosen using convenient sampling including adults aged 16 years and above. Participants were invited for an interview using structured questionnaire followed by clinical examination. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS ver12. Results: Response rate was low at 20% (n = 140). Over one-quarter (26.4%) of the sample experienced OFP in the previous 3 months. Toothache was found to be the main aetiology (83.3%) followed by gingival pain (18.9%), temporomandibular joint (10.8%) and facial pain (8.1%). Mean duration of pain was 9.8 days for toothache, 162.4 days for gingival pain, 7.3 days for TMJ and 5.7 days for facial pain. Of those who had OFP, over half rated the pain as moderate (37.8%) and severe (29.7%) and most of the pain was ‘intermittent’ in nature (81.1%). Over half (62.2%) admitted the pain had disappeared during the interview. In terms of pain relief, 56.8% of the sample used traditional medicine. The pain had impacted on the chewing ability (70.3%, p=0.01), ability to sleep at night (73.0%, p<0.001), levels of anxiety (70.3%), ability to perform daily chores (33.3%) and social life (35.1%) of the Orang Asli sample. Conclusion: This study suggests the prevalence of OFP was high among the Orang Asli sample, which imposed considerable physical and psychological impacts on daily life.
Knowledge and practice of management of acute respiratory infection among mothers of under five years children in rural Nepal

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) accounts for nearly one-fifth of childhood deaths worldwide, with approximately two million children under five dying each year. ARI in Nepal continues to be one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the knowledge and practices of ARI case management in rural community people. This was community based cross sectional study carried out in Bacchauli Village Development Committee (VDC) of Chitwan District of Nepal. A total of 132 mothers were interviewed with pre-tested, semi-structured interview schedule in the study using proportionate random sampling technique. For collecting data, selected households were visited by 22 June to 30 July 2011. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. More than two fifth (41%) of study the mothers were 20 to 24 years-old age group and most (90.9%) of them were housewives. Almost all (94%) study population had known about ARI, and they reported as ARI when chill coughs (78%), followed by running nose (71%) and sore throat (39%). Most (90%) of them reported pneumonia as a serious disease and only 48% had knowledge about its sign of seriousness. Most of mothers(90% )reported that they provided supportive treatment at home while only 7% reported that they provided modern medicines by themselves and commonly used supportive treatment was Tulasi leaf (ocimum tenuiflorum). Majority (56%) of mothers take their child nearby health post for treatment and (26%) visit private nursing home. The mothers of Tharu community lack knowledge on symptoms of severity of ARI, its management and timely seeking health care. This study suggests that community based awareness program should be conducted on ARI.
Clinical Outcome for PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus Associated Necrotising Pneumonia may be Optimised Through Combination of Prompt Antimicrobial and Anti-Toxin Treatment

Necrotising pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Staphylococcus aureus confers a high mortality. We describe a child presenting with sepsis and necrotising pneumonia. Septicaemia caused by Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Staphylococcus may not be adequately treated with antibiotics to which it appears sensitive through standard culture techniques. Some evidence suggests that early anti-toxin therapy may better optimise clinical outcomes.
BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN NORTH SARDINIA IN THE PERIOD 1992 - 2010

The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of breast cancer in Sassari province (Sardinia, Italy) in the period 1992‐2010. Data were obtained from the local tumor registry which makes part of a wider registry web, coordinated today by the Italian Association for Tumor Registries. The overall number of breast cancer cases registered was 5,483 (46 males and 5,437 females). The mean age was 64.8 years for males and 60.4 years for females. The standardized incidence rates were 1/100,000 and 106.2/100,000 and the standardized mortality rates 0.3/100,000 and 23.2/100,000 for males and females respectively. An increasing trend in incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in Sassari province was evidenced in the years under investigation. Relative survival at 5 years from diagnosis was 78.2% (73.1% for males and 78.3% for females).
Comparison of performance-related physical fitness and anaerobic power between Korean wheelchair badminton national and backup players

The purpose of this study was to compare performance-related physical fitness factors and anaerobic power between national and backup players to enhance the performance of wheelchair badminton players and to discover and foster new athletes. This study included 12 wheel-chair badminton players divided into two groups: national players (n=7) and backup players (n=5). Collected data included cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility, and anaerobic power. Results indicated that the national players achieved a significantly higher level of muscle endurance, peak power, and mean power than the backup players. Although none of the parameters showed statistically significant differences, the performance levels of the national players were higher than those of the backup players. Because the physical fitness aspects of wheelchair players vary according to their ability and are essential factors, individualized training programs for enhancing performance and preventing injuries among wheelchair badminton players should be developed.
Effects of a 6-week intrinsic foot muscle exercise program on the functions of intrinsic foot muscle and dynamic balance in patients with chronic ankle instability

We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 6-week intrinsic foot muscle exercise program on the activation of intrinsic foot muscle movement and dynamic balance in adults with chronic ankle stability. A total of 30 adults with chronic ankle instability were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to a group performing intrinsic foot muscle exercises and a control group doing no exercises. We measured the activation rate and dynamic balance of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and quadratus plantae before and after the intervention. We found that the activation rate and dynamic balance significantly increased in all intrinsic foot muscles in the experimental group. These results suggest that intrinsic foot muscle exercise for patients with chronic ankle stability is an effective treatment for improving the functions and balance ability of the intrinsic foot muscles.
Pure tone audiometry and cerebral pathology in healthy older adults

Background Hearing impairment may be a modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, it is unclear how hearing associates with pathologies relevant to dementia in preclinical populations. Methods Data from 368 cognitively healthy individuals born during 1 week in 1946 (age range 69.2–71.9 years), who underwent structural MRI, 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography, pure tone audiometry and cognitive testing as part of a neuroscience substudy the MRC National Survey of Health and Development were analysed. The aim of the analysis was to investigate whether pure tone audiometry performance predicted a range of cognitive and imaging outcomes relevant to dementia in older adults. Results There was some evidence that poorer pure tone audiometry performance was associated with lower primary auditory cortex thickness, but no evidence that it predicted in vivo β-amyloid deposition, white matter hyperintensity volume, hippocampal volume or Alzheimer’s disease-pattern cortical thickness. A negative association between pure tone audiometry and mini-mental state examination score was observed, but this was no longer evident after excluding a test item assessing repetition of a single phrase. Conclusion Pure tone audiometry performance did not predict concurrent β-amyloid deposition, small vessel disease or Alzheimer’s disease-pattern neurodegeneration, and had limited impact on cognitive function, in healthy adults aged approximately 70 years.
Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor–Davidson resilience scale among Finnish older adults

Abstract Objectives Resilience, the ability to bounce back after adverse events may be an important factor in active aging. The 10-item version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10) seems suitable for aging research owing to its low participant burden; however, its psychometric properties have not been comprehensively reported for older people. For example, no estimate exists of the test–retest reliability of the scale when used with older adults. Hence, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC10 in a large population-based sample of community-dwelling older people. Method The scale’s internal consistency, factor structure, construct validity, test-retest reliability, and user experience were analyzed among 1018 Finnish older adults (57% women) aged 75 (45%), 80 (33%) and 85 years (22%). Results The internal consistency of the CD-RISC10 was good (Cronbach’s α = 0.85), test-retest reliability moderate (ICC = 0.61), and the scale was unidimensional. However, a two-factor solution was found among the 75-year-olds, where the ability to deal positively with change (e.g. using humor) explained an additional part of resilience. While no differences by gender, age, or education were observed in total scores, very good perceived financial situation was associated with higher resilience. The scale showed good construct validity, and user feedback indicated that administering the scale in research is quick and easy. Conclusion In general, the CD-RISC10 is a valid method to study older adults’ psychological resilience. However, the present test–retest reliability values suggest caution in using the scale as an outcome measure in intervention studies.
Psychotic experiences, psychiatric comorbidity and mental health need in the general population: a cross-sectional and cohort study in Southeast London

Abstract Background Co-occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) with psychotic experiences is well-known. There is little research on the public mental health relevance of concurrent psychotic experiences for service use, suicidality, and poor physical health. We aim to: (1) describe the distribution of psychotic experiences co-occurring with a range of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders [CMD, depressive episode, anxiety disorder, probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality dysfunction], and (2) examine associations of concurrent psychotic experiences with secondary mental healthcare use, psychological treatment use for CMD, lifetime suicide attempts, and poor self-rated health. Methods We linked a prospective cross-sectional community health survey with a mental healthcare provider database. For each non-psychotic psychiatric disorder, patients with concurrent psychotic experiences were compared to those without psychotic experiences on use of secondary mental healthcare, psychological treatment for CMD, suicide attempt, physical functioning, and a composite multimorbidity score, using logistic regression and Cox regressions. Results In all disorders except for anxiety disorder, concurrent psychotic experiences were accompanied by a greater odds of all outcomes (odds ratios) for a unit change in composite multimorbidity score ranged between 2.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–3.27] and 3.46 (95% CI 1.52–7.85). Hazard ratios for secondary mental health service use for non-psychotic disorders with concurrent psychotic experiences, ranged from 0.53 (95% CI 0.15–1.86) for anxiety disorders with psychotic experiences to 4.99 (95% CI 1.22–20.44) among those with PTSD with psychotic experiences. Conclusions Co-occurring psychotic experiences indicate greater public mental health burden, suggesting psychotic experiences could be a marker for future preventive strategies improving public mental health.
Comparison between the efficacy of self-prepared chlorhexidine varnishes

It was reported that clinical application of chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish could reduce dental caries occurrence effectively. However, this form of CHX is not commercially available in Thailand. Our previous study showed that the released CHX from 20% and 40% self-prepared CHX varnishes were sufficient to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the 20% and 40% self-prepared CHX varnishes to commercial CHX varnish EC 40 ® . The study included CHX release, antibacterial activity against S. mutans ATCC 25175, and the cytotoxic effect of CHX on fibroblasts. The results showed that the greatest amount of CHX was released by EC 40 ® followed by 40% and 20% selfprepared CHX, which were 4,111.29 g, 2,408.7 g, and 1,136.4 g, respectively. EC 40 ® gave the strongest antibacterial activity; however, there was no statistical significant difference. The 20% self-prepared CHX gave the highest viability of fibroblasts. This study indicates that the self-prepared CHX should be considered to be used as antimicrobial agents for the prevention of dental caries.
Treatment of Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformations: The End of Tame Editorials

In contrast to cerebral aneurysms, cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) are generally considered congenital lesions and are thus often discovered in a generally younger patient population [1-5]. Although many can be asymptomatic, each possesses a compounded risk of causing focal neurologic deficits, seizures and/or hemorrhage [1-5]. In addition, females face a potentially considerably increased risk of AVM hemorrhage during pregnancy, with a recent study suggesting an eight-fold increased risk of hemorrhage during this period [6]. In addition to these concrete risks and their associated morbidity, all patients must carry a daily psychological burden of knowing such devastating events can happen at any time. Any time they endure physical activity or any time in their life they have a headache, they must fear AVM rupture.