Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of anisotropic and isotropic roughness on the convective stability of the rotating disk boundary layer

A theoretical study investigating the effects of both anisotropic and isotropic surface roughness on the convective stability of the boundary-layer flow over a rotating disk is described. Surface roughness is modelled using a partial-slip approach, which yields steady-flow profiles for the relevant velocity components of the boundary-layer flow which are a departure from the classic von Karman solution for a smooth disk. These are then subjected to a linear stability analysis to reveal how roughness affects the stability characteristics of the inviscid Type I (or cross-flow) instability and the viscous Type II instability that arise in the rotating disk boundary layer. Stationary modes are studied and both anisotropic (concentric grooves and radial grooves) and isotropic (general) roughness are shown to have a stabilizing effect on the Type I instability. For the viscous Type II instability, it was found that a disk with concentric grooves has a strongly destabilizing effect, whereas a disk with radial grooves or general isotropic roughness has a stabilizing effect on this mode. In order to extract possible underlying physical mechanisms behind the effects of roughness, and in order to reconfirm the results of the linear stability analysis, an integral energy equation for three-dimensional disturbances to the undisturbed three-dimensional boundary-layer flow is used. For anisotropic roughness, the stabilizing effect on the Type I mode is brought about by reductions in energy production in the boundary layer, whilst the destabilizing effect of concentric grooves on the Type II mode results from a reduction in energy dissipation. For isotropic roughness, both modes are stabilized by combinations of reduced energy production and increased dissipation.
Loosely Coupled and Context-aware Service Provision Incorporating the Quality of Rules

A proximity detector comprises a parallel oscillatory circuit the inductance of which is influenced by the metallic element of which it is desired to ascertain the distance, this oscillatory circuit forming part of an oscillator. The oscillator is fed with constant current; current is injected into the oscillatory circuit through a negligibly small resistance; and the output signal is taken off at the output terminals of the oscillator; the device is used to provide an analog signal which is a linear function of distance, in order to classify articles or to measure their speed of approach.
Treatment of actinic keratoses with sequential use of photodynamic therapy; and imiquimod 5% cream.

BACKGROUND Field-directed therapies for actinic keratosis include photodynamic therapy and imiquimod. OBJECTIVES The author designed a randomized, vehicle-controlled, split-face study to explore the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy followed by imiquimod. METHODS The entire face of adults with > or =10 facial actinic keratoses were treated with photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid 20% at baseline and at month 1. At month 2, imiquimod 5% cream was applied to one-half of the face and vehicle to the other half, 2-times-per-week for 16 weeks. Lesion counts were performed at baseline and months 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12; and local skin reactions assessments at months 2, 3, 4, and 6. RESULTS Of 25 participants enrolled, 24 completed the study. Baseline median lesions were 23.5 and 21.5 for the imiquimod- and vehicle-treated sides, respectively. At month 12, median lesion reductions was 89.9% versus 74.5% (P=.0023), respectively. No subject discontinued for an adverse event. Severe local skin reactions occurring in the most participants were erythema (17%) and flaking/scaling/dryness (13%). CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy followed by imiquimod was well tolerated and improved reduction of actinic keratoses.
Who Gets Injured When: An Overview on Chronic Injuries in Sport Climbing

Climbing as a young sport is growing fast. The fastest growing part of the sport is due to indoor walls for training attracting youngsters. With hard training from young ages it is vital to be able to pinpoint training regimes to avoid injuries in athletes. This reviews purpose is to search the literature to investigate what group of climbers are most prone to injury and which injuries are the most common. Method: A semi structured literature search was conducted in PubMed on September 11 2013. Result: The search gave 1244 titles. All titles were carefully searched for the possible finding of descriptions of climbing related chronic injuries. This led to the reading of 96 and then to a final inclusion of 44 papers. We found descriptions of 45 chronic injuries the 17 papers. Discussion: Due to methodological differences, lack of reporting strategies and not using control groups in the included papers it is not possible to conclude on which groups of climbers are more prone to injuries or to which state the injuries are most prevalent amongst climbers.
Array architectures for iterative algorithms

Regular mesh-connected arrays are shown to be isomorphic to a class of so-called regular iterative algorithms. For a wide variety of problems it is shown how to obtain appropriate iterative algorithms and then how to translate these algorithms into arrays in a systematic fashion. Several "systolic" arrays presented in the literature are shown to be specific cases of the variety of architectures that can be derived by the techniques presented here. These include arrays for Fourier Transform, Matrix Multiplication, and Sorting.
Mtl interacts with members of Egfr signaling and cell adhesion genes in the Drosophila eye

Mtl is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases in Drosophila. It was shown that Mtl is involved in planar cell polarity (PCP) establishment, together with other members of the same family like Cdc42, Rac1, Rac2 and RhoA. However, while Rac1, Rac2 and RhoA function downstream of Dsh in Fz/PCP signaling and upstream of a JNK cassette, Mtl and Cdc42 do not. To determine the functional context of Mtl during PCP establishment in the Drosophila eye, we performed a loss-of-function screen to search for dominant modifiers of a sev>Mtl rough eye phenotype. In addition, genetic interaction assays with candidate genes were also carried out. Our results show that Mtl interacts genetically with members and effectors of Egfr signaling, with components and/or regulators of other signal transduction pathways, and with genes involved in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization. One of these genes is hibris (hbs), which encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily in Drosophila. Phenotypic analyses and genetic interaction assays suggest that it may have a role during PCP establishment, interacting with both Egfr and Fz/PCP signaling during this process. Taken together, our results indicate that Mtl is functionally related to the Egfr pathway regulating ommatidial rotation during PCP establishment in the eye, being a positive regulator of this pathway. Since Egfr signaling is linked to cytoskeletal and cell junctional elements, it is likely that Mtl may be regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and thus cell adhesion during ommatidial rotation in the context of that pathway.
Effect of glpT and glpD mutations on expression of the phoA gene in Escherichia coli

In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of Escherichia coli cells showed that the intracellular concentration of P(i) remained constant in wild-type and in a glpT mutant strain whether the cells were grown on excess (2 mM) P(i) or sn-glycerol-3-phosphate as a phosphate source. The function of the phoA promoter (measured by beta-galactosidase activity in a phoA-lacZ fusion strain) was repressed when glpT+ cells were utilizing sn-glycerol-3-phosphate as the sole source of phosphate. These cells were devoid of alkaline phosphatase activity. However, the phoA promoter was fully active in a glpT mutant. These results indicated that the repression of the enzyme synthesis was not due to a variation in the level of cytoplasmic P(i) but was due to the P(i) excreted into the periplasm and/or to the medium.
Aerobic glucose metabolism of Saccharomyces kluyveri: growth, metabolite production, and quantification of metabolic fluxes.

The growth and product formation of Saccharomyces kluyveri was characterized in aerobic batch cultivation on glucose. At these conditions it was found that ethyl acetate was a major overflow metabolite in S. kluyveri. During the exponential-growth phase on glucose ethyl acetate was produced at a constant specific rate of 0.12 g ethyl acetate per g dry weight per hour. The aerobic glucose metabolism in S. kluyveri was found to be less fermentative than in S. cerevisiae, as illustrated by the comparably low yield of ethanol on glucose (0.08 +/- 0.02 g/g), and high yield of biomass on glucose (0.29 +/- 0.01 g/g). The glucose metabolism of S. kluyveri was further characterized by the new and powerful techniques of metabolic network analysis. Flux distributions in the central carbon metabolism were estimated for respiro-fermentative growth in aerobic batch cultivation on glucose and respiratory growth in aerobic glucose-limited continuous cultivation. It was found that in S. kluyveri the flux into the pentose phosphate pathway was 18.8 mmole per 100 mmole glucose consumed during respiratory growth in aerobic glucose-limited continuous cultivation. Such a low flux into the pentose phosphate pathway cannot provide the cell with enough NADPH for biomass formation which is why the remaining NADPH will have to be provided by another pathway. During batch cultivation of S. kluyveri the tricarboxylic acid cycle was working as a cycle with a considerable flux, that is in sharp contrast to what has previously been observed in S. cerevisiae at the same growth conditions, where the tricarboxylic acid cycle operates as two branches. This indicates that the respiratory system was not significantly repressed in S. kluyveri during batch cultivation on glucose.
Spinal Rhythm Generation by Step-Induced Feedback and Transcutaneous Posterior Root Stimulation in Complete Spinal Cord–Injured Individuals

Background. The human lumbosacral spinal circuitry can generate rhythmic motor output in response to different types of inputs after motor-complete spinal cord injury. Objective. To explore spinal rhythm generating mechanisms recruited by phasic step-related sensory feedback and tonic posterior root stimulation when provided alone or in combination. Methods. We studied stepping in 4 individuals with chronic, clinically complete spinal cord injury using a robotic-driven gait orthosis with body weight support over a treadmill. Electromyographic data were collected from thigh and lower leg muscles during stepping with 2 hip-movement conditions and 2 step frequencies, first without and then with tonic 30-Hz transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) over the lumbar posterior roots. Results. Robotic-driven stepping alone generated rhythmic activity in a small number of muscles, mostly in hamstrings, coinciding with the stretch applied to the muscle, and in tibialis anterior as stance-phase synchronized clonus. Adding tonic 30-Hz tSCS increased the number of rhythmically responding muscles, augmented thigh muscle activity, and suppressed clonus. tSCS could also produce rhythmic activity without or independent of step-specific peripheral feedback. Changing stepping parameters could change the amount of activity generated but not the multimuscle activation patterns. Conclusions. The data suggest that the rhythmic motor patterns generated by the imposed stepping were responses of spinal reflex circuits to the cyclic sensory feedback. Tonic 30-Hz tSCS provided for additional excitation and engaged spinal rhythm-generating networks. The synergistic effects of these rhythm-generating mechanisms suggest that tSCS in combination with treadmill training might augment rehabilitation outcomes after severe spinal cord injury.
Crustal velocity field of Mexico from continuous GPS measurements, 1993 to June 2001: Implications for the neotectonics of Mexico

[1] We combine velocities for 14 continuous GPS stations spanning Mexico and 173 additional continuous GPS sites on the North American and Pacific plates to study the large-scale deformation of Mexico. The new station velocities, which are derived from more than 6000 days of previously unused GPS data, provide the first ever view of the crustal velocity field of Mexico. Key results are as follows: (1) Areas north of the Mexican Volcanic Belt, not including Baja California, move with the North American plate interior within the 1–2 mm yr−1 station velocity uncertainties. Station velocities for the Mexican Basin and Range are consistent with no present-day extension and yield an upper 95% limit of 1–3 mm yr−1 for any regional extension. (2) South of the Mexican Volcanic Belt, five of the six sites move significantly relative to the North American plate. All sites in the Yucatan Peninsula move toward the east at 3–4 mm yr−1, possibly defining an independent Yucatan block. (3) Site velocities are consistent with limits of 0–4 mm yr−1 for present slip across the Mexican Volcanic Belt. (4) Tampico, on the gulf coast, exhibits eastward motion consistent with gravity sliding known to occur in the adjacent Mexican Ridges fold belt. (5) Southeastward motion of La Paz relative to the Pacific plate is consistent with the hypothesis that the Baja Peninsula is not fully attached to the Pacific plate. (6) Residual velocities for 160 North American plate GPS stations outside of Mexico exhibit no coherent regional patterns indicative of internal plate deformation.
RECOVERY BY INTERFERON OF MENGOVIRUS‐INDUCED SHUTOFF OF HOST PROTEIN SYNTHESIS *

In preincubated cell-free extracts prepared from interferon-treated cells the translation of exogenous viral or cellular mRNAs is inhibited equally. ’,2 It is also known that the addition to such extracts of dsRNA activates at least two specific enzymes, the consequence being the inhibition of translation. (Reviewed by C. Bagli~ni.~] Since dsRNA seems to play a major role in stimulating interferon-dependent enzymes. it was interesting to study a functional system in which the challenge virus would provide dsRNA molecules. We have chosen as model L cells infected with mengovirus. It is known that soon after infection by a picornavirus there is an inhibition of cellular RNA and protein synthesis. Later in infection, the synthesis of DNA is also d e ~ r e a s e d . ~ The inhibition of the synthesis of macromolecules is often referred to as “shutoff.“ We decided to study first, the possible action of interferon (IF] on the establishment of the shutoff. Since the level of shutoff varies with the cell lines and with the multiplicity of infection we established our experimental conditions. (FIGURE 1). Confluent monolayers of L cells were infected with different multiplicities of infection (MOI] of mengovirus; after 4 h r cells were pulse-labeled for 30 min with methionine, lysed with detergents (NP40 and DOC] and the proteins analyzed by slab gel electrophoresis. The first lane to the left shows the pattern of host proteins; in the second lane, with 5 pfu/cell viral proteins are very easily recognized, although cellular proteins are also present. It should be remembered that the viron RNA acts as messenger and it is translated from one single initiation site. The unique translation product is a “polyprotein” of about 270,000 MW. Primary and secondary cleavages of this protein give rise to precursors, and finally capsid and noncapsid stable proteins. With 20 and 50 pfu/cell the shutoff of host protein synthesis is markedly established. The counts of this experiment are shown in FIGURE 2, represented by the filled circles. With 5 pfu/cell, although viral proteins are actively synthesized, the total amount of methionine is already lower than in the control noninfected cells. Both, host and viral proteins contributed to the total counts. With 20 pfu cellular proteins are almost absent, the counts correspond principally to viral proteins. With 50 pfu/cell more viral proteins are synthesized, which explains the higher incorporation of the label. When we repeated the experiment with cells pretreated with 200 units IF/ml. we were unable to detect viral proteins.
A novel in silico framework to improve MHC-I epitopes and break the tolerance to melanoma

ABSTRACT Tolerance toward tumor antigens, which are shared by normal tissues, have often limited the efficacy of cancer vaccines. However, wild type epitopes can be tweaked to activate cross-reactive T-cell clones, resulting in antitumor activity. The design of these analogs (i.e., heteroclitic peptides) can be difficult and time-consuming since no automated in silico tools are available. Hereby we describe the development of an in silico framework to improve the selection of heteroclitic peptides. The Epitope Discovery and Improvement System (EDIS) was first validated by studying the model antigen SIINFEKL. Based on artificial neural network (ANN) predictions, we selected two mutant analogs that are characterized by an increased MHC-I binding affinity (SIINFAKL) or increased TCR stimulation (SIIWFEKL). Therapeutic vaccination using optimized peptides resulted in enhanced antitumor activity and against B16.OVA melanomas in vivo. The translational potential of the EDIS platform was further demonstrated by studying the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP2). Following therapeutic immunization with the EDIS-derived epitope SVYDFFAWL, a significant reduction in the growth of established B16.F10 tumors was observed, suggesting a break in the tolerance toward the wild type epitope. Finally, we tested a multi vaccine approach, demonstrating that combination of wild type and mutant epitopes targeting both TRP2 and OVA antigens increases the antitumor response. In conclusion, by taking advantage of available prediction servers and molecular dynamics simulations, we generated an innovative platform for studying the initial sequences and selecting lead candidates with improved immunological features. Taken together, EDIS is the first automated algorithm-driven platform to speed up the design of heteroclitic peptides that can be publicly queried online.
Surveillance and outbreak report Interim estimates of 2015 / 16 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A ( H 1 N 1 ) pdm 09 , Canada , February 2016

C Chambers 1 , DM Skowronski 1 2 , S Sabaiduc 1 , AL Winter 3 , JA Dickinson 4 , G De Serres 5 6 7 , JB Gubbay 3 8 , SJ Drews 9 10 , C Martineau 5 , A Eshaghi 3 , M Krajden 1 2 , N Bastien 11 , Y Li 11 12 1. British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada 2. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 3. Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada 4. University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada 5. Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Institute of Health of Quebec), Québec, Canada 6. Laval University, Quebec, Canada 7. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (University Hospital Centre of Quebec), Québec, Canada 8. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 9. Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Edmonton, Canada 10. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 11. National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada 12. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
T-lymphocyte responsiveness in murine schistosomiasis mansoni is dependent upon the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, and very late antigen-4

Granuloma formation in murine schistosomiasis is dependent on CD4+ Th lymphocytes and requires recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells at the site of egg deposition. The present study examined the role of three adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), that participate in cellular recruitment, interaction, and lymphocyte activation during in vitro activation of acutely and chronically infected spleen and liver granuloma lymphocytes. Blockade of ICAM-1, LFA-1, or VLA-4 by rat monoclonal antibody inhibited spleen and granuloma lymphocyte interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production as well as lymphoproliferative responses at similar levels (66 to 87%). The down-modulated cytokine and proliferative responses of chronically infected lymphocytes were inhibited to the same extent as their acutely infected counterparts. Cell sorting analysis demonstrated that acutely and chronically infected splenic and granuloma lymphocytes expressed similar levels of LFA-1, ICAM-1, and VLA-4 and that more ICAM-1 was expressed on infected than on uninfected mouse lymphocytes. By exposure of cells to paired monoclonal antibodies at suboptimal doses, it was determined that whereas all three adhesion molecules may participate, only ICAM-1 and LFA-1 showed synergistic interactions in determining lymphocyte responsiveness. These data suggest that spleen and liver granuloma lymphocytes are equally well armed with functional adhesion receptors. Thus, ICAM-1, LFA-1, and VLA-4 play an important accessory role in inflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation, and therefore these adhesion molecules may participate in the initiation and maintenance of the granulomatous inflammation.
A comparison of genetic variants between proficient low- and high-risk sport participants

Abstract Athletes participating in high-risk sports consistently report higher scores on sensation-seeking measures than do low-risk athletes or non-athletic controls. To determine whether genetic variants commonly associated with sensation seeking were over-represented in such athletes, proficient practitioners of high-risk (n = 141) and low-risk sports (n = 132) were compared for scores on sensation seeking and then genotyped at 33 polymorphic loci in 14 candidate genes. As expected, athletes participating in high-risk sports score higher on sensation seeking than did low-risk sport athletes (P < .01). Genotypes were associated with high-risk sport participation for two genes (stathmin, (P = .004) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (P = .03)) as well as when demographically matched subsets of the sport cohorts were compared (P < .05); however, in all cases, associations did not survive correction for multiple testing.
Carotid intima-media thickness: risk assessment and scanning protocol.

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