Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full Esteem Ahead? Mindset-Oriented Business Training in Ethiopia

Is there a mindset gap holding women back in business? Can entrepreneurship training instill a set of attitudes, behaviors, and strategies that are thought to underpin success in business such as motivation, perseverance, and self-confidence? This study conducted two randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of mindset-oriented business trainings on the performance of women-owned micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia. The trainings were underpinned by psychology with a mission to foster self-esteem and entrepreneurial spirit. Despite a similar approach, however, the quality of delivery seemed to matter as impacts of the trainings on business performance were mixed. A key channel for an impact on profits is if the training can actually effectuate the mindset change, with only one training transferring higher levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, personal initiative, and entrepreneurial locus of control to the women, relative to a control group. The study finds suggestive evidence that psychological skills and mindset are better inspired by a trainer who previously owned a business themselves and therefore may have a better understanding of the entrepreneurs' specific challenges. The study concludes that psychological skills are important for women's business success, and these skills can indeed be transferred using training, assuming a shared identity match between trainer and student. Service delivery appears to be critical for inculcating these important skills.
The Impact of Quality Sexual Education on HIV / AIDS in Zambia : Evidence from a Natural Experience

There is mixed evidence regarding the associations between education and HIV, partly related to how education is defined, in terms of quality and content and not just quantity. This paper focuses on the manner in which comprehensive sexual education is associated with HIV-related knowledge, stigma and risky sexual behaviour in Zambians. The implementation of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education program (CSE) since 2014 from grades 5 to 12 provides a natural experiment for testing the hypothesis that quality of sexual education is positively associated with HIV knowledge, and negatively associated with risky sexual behaviours and stigma. Data are drawn from the 2016 Zambian Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment survey (ZAMPHIA), which sampled 24663 individuals aged 15-59 years old nationwide. Two-way fixed-effect double difference and triple difference approaches are used to test our hypothesis. We found that quality of sex education reduced the number of risky sexual behaviours among those who received the CSE curriculum by 0.28, while as expected it was associated with a higher probability to abstained from sex (0.15 points) and a greater number of correct HIV-related knowledge (0.42 points). No significant association was found between quality of sex education and HIV-related stigma. We also found no significant difference, overall, in the effect of the quality of sex education between the regions which received in-school teacher training at the beginning of the program and those where teachers were trained later. These results point to the importance of investing in high quality sexual education to combat the HIV-AIDS progression.
CONTROLLABILITY OF DISCRETE SEMILINAR IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

For many control systems in real life impulses are intrinsic properties that do not modify their controllability. So we conjecture that under certain conditions the abrupt changes as perturbations of a system do not modify certain properties such as controllability. In other words, the controllability is robust by looking the impulses as perturbations. In this regard, here we prove the exact controllability and the approximate controllability of a semilinear difference equation with impulses. We prove that, under some conditions on the nonlinear term and the impulses, the exact controllability and the approximate controllability of the linear equation are preserved. Finally, we apply this result to a discrete version of the semilinear heat and wave equations.
The fixed-cycle traffic-light queue-efficient algorithms and future improvements

The fixed-cycle traffic-light (FCTL) queue is the null model for intersections with static signaling, where vehicles arrive, form a queue and depart during cycles controlled by a traffic light. The bulk service queue (BSQ) is a closely related and widely applicable model, where arrivals and queue forming are the same as in the FCTL queue, but here vehicles are only allowed to depart at the end of a cycle. We review and compare the available methods for performance evaluation of the stationary FCTL queue and BSQ based on exact expressions for the probability generation functions, either in terms of complex-valued roots or complexcontour integrals. While both representations are typically considered numerically challenging, forcing practitioners to use approximative methods or simulation, we present efficient numerical schemes for root finding, contour integration and transform inversion. Taken together, this presents a complete algorithmic recipe for the exact evaluation of the FCTL queue and BSQ and (with slight extensions) many related models, as the FCTL queue with random green periods and vehicle cancellation strategies in the BSQ.
Socio-Economic Profile of Goat Rearers and Marketing Practices of Goats in Southern Gujarat , India

Accepted: 14/06/2016 Abstract The study was conducted to assess the socio-economi c characteristics of goat rearers and marketing pract ices of goats in Navsari district of Gujarat. The data were collected from 2 5 randomly selected villages of five talukas (Tehsils) and total 250 go at owners were interviewed with specially developed interview sche dul . The study revealed that majority of the goat rearers belong t middle age group (31-45 years). Majority of the respondents belonged to the Scheduled Tribe community followed by Other Back Ward Caste communi ty and majority of the respondents were illiterate and had a medium fa ily size of 4 to 6 members. Majority of the respondents were landless and agricultural labourers and had goat rearing as their subsidiary occupation as a source of income. Majority of the goat rearers had an annual income less than Rs. 25,000/-. The annual income of the respondents was m inly from their main occupation and sale of goats. Most of the goat rearers sold their goats at their village round the year on the basis of phy sical appearance to the middle man at 7-12 months of age of kids.
Physico-chemical Properties of Aonla Fruit and Juice

Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Syn. Phyllanthus emblica L.) fruit commonly known as aonla is the oldest minor fruit of India. It belongs to the family Euphorbeaceae and is native of India, Srilanka, Malaysia, and China [1]. The main varieties of aonla grown in India are Banarasi, Chakaiya, Hathijhool, Bansi red, Pinki-tinged, NA7, Anand Aonla – II, Krishna, etc. The aonla gets ready for harvesting during November – January. The fruit, due to its sour and astringent taste, has very limited table value. The fresh fruits are generally not consumed due to their high astringency but it has got great potential in processed forms. Aonla fruits are highly perishable in nature and hence its storage in atmospheric conditions after harvesting is very limited [2]. The fruit is used in the preparation of various ayurvedic tonics like chavanprash, triphala, etc. However, aonla fruits are processed into a number of food products like preserve, jam, jelly, candy, toffee, pickle, sauce, squash, juice, RTS beverage, cider, shreds, dried powder, etc.[3]. The fruit is highly acrid, cooling, refrigerant, diuretic and laxative, hence used for treating common cold, gastric troubles, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, headache, constipation, enlarged liver, diabetes, bronchitis, jaundice, fever, etc. A tablespoonful each of fresh aonla juice and honey mixed together forms a very valuable medicine for the treatment of several ailments like tuberculosis of lungs, asthma, bronchitis, scurvy, diabetes, anemia, weakness of memory, cancer, tension, influenza, cold, loss and grayness of hair, etc. Determination of physico-chemical properties of the fruit may play an important role in design and development of various food processing equipment. The data on various physic-chemical properties of Anand Aonla – II variety developed at AAU, Anand is scarce. Therefore the study was undertaken to determine some of these properties.
HIGHLY-RELIABLE TSV-NOC SYSTEMS

During the past few decades, a lot of research has been focusing on Three-dimensional Networks-on-Chips (3D-NoCs) as an auspicious solution to alleviate the interconnect bottleneck and reduce the power consumption in current System-on-Chips (SoCs) designs. However, 3D-NoC systems are becoming susceptible to a variety of faults caused by crosstalk, radiation, oxide breakdown, and so on. As a result, a simple failure in a single transistor caused by one of these factors may compromise the entire system reliability where the failure can be illustrated in corrupted message delivery, time requirement unsatisfactory, or even sometimes the whole system collapse. This chapter presents a detailed faults/defects analysis and an efficient reliability assessment method to approximate the lifetime reliability of a NoC system. Also, this chapter presents an architecture and hardware design of a fault-tolerant TSV based 3D-NoC system which can handle major failures (i.e., hard-faults, soft-errors and TSV-defects) that can occur in TSV-based 3D-NoC systems.
Weighted item ranking for pairwise matrix factorization

Recommendation systems employed on the Internet aim to serve users by recommending items which will likely be of interest to them. The recommendation problem could be cast as either a rating estimation problem which aims to predict as accurately as possible for a user the rating values of items which are yet unrated by that user, or as a ranking problem which aims to find the top-k ranked items that would be of most interest to a user, which s/he has not ranked yet. In contexts where explicit item ratings of other users may not be available, the ranking prediction could be more important than the rating prediction. Most of the existing ranking-based prediction approaches consider items as having equal weights which is not always the case. Different weights of items could be regarded as a reflection of items' importance, or desirability, to users. In this paper, we propose to integrate variable item weights with a ranking-based matrix factorization model, where learning is driven by Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR). Two ranking-based models utilizing different-weight learning methods are proposed and the performance of both models is confirmed as being better than the standard BPR method.
The output from human inspiratory motoneurone pools

Survival requires adequate pulmonary ventilation which, in turn, depends on adequate contraction of muscles acting on the chest wall in the presence of a patent upper airway. Bulbospinal outputs projecting directly and indirectly to ‘obligatory’ respiratory motoneurone pools generate the required muscle contractions. Recent studies of the phasic inspiratory output of populations of single motor units to five muscles acting on the chest wall (including the diaphragm) reveal that the time of onset, the progressive recruitment, and the amount of motoneuronal drive (expressed as firing frequency) differ among the muscles. Tonic firing with an inspiratory modulation of firing rate is common in low intercostal spaces of the parasternal and external intercostal muscles but rare in the diaphragm. A new time and frequency plot has been developed to depict the behaviour of the motoneurone populations. The magnitude of inspiratory firing of motor unit populations is linearly correlated to the mechanical advantage of the intercostal muscle region at which the motor unit activity is recorded. This represents a ‘neuromechanical’ principle by which the CNS controls motoneuronal output according to mechanical advantage, presumably in addition to the Henneman's size principle of motoneurone recruitment. Studies of the genioglossus, an obligatory upper airway muscle that helps maintain airway patency, reveal that it receives simultaneous inspiratory, expiratory and tonic drives even during quiet breathing. There is much to be learned about the neural drive to pools of human inspiratory and expiratory muscles, not only during respiratory tasks but also in automatic and volitional tasks, and in diseases that alter the required drive.
PREPARATION OF VACCINE FOR DIABETIC FOOT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA USING LOW LEVEL DIODE LASER

Since the invention of laser in 1960, lasers have been developed and approved in many fields. Lasers can now be regarded as practical tools with unique properties that have been utilized effectively in several applications in fields of medical and biological sciences. six bacterial isolates were isolated from human samples of diabetic foot infections, which used for preparation of vaccines. The experiment was conducted on fifteen adult male rabbits, they were divided into three groups with 5 rabbits each. After irradiation of the bacterial suspensions with the diode laser for different exposure times and different frequencies, and the wavelengths used were (660, 820, 915 ) nm, the growth of bacterial isolates decreased until killed of bacteria at ( 40) min. The aim of the current study was to preparation of vaccines (live attenuated and killed) by irradiation of the bacteria by the low level diode laser. Wavelength (660) nm was more effective in killing the bacteria, and the variations were not significant between the live attenuated and the killed vaccine.
New Semantics for the Extensional but Hyper-intensional Part Lα of the Modal Sense Language SLαν

In a previous paper ("On the interpreted sense calculus S(%") the author constructed an interpreted modal sense language S££, in which a certain logical calculus is valid, in order to deal with, e.g., iterated belief sentences whose sense orders are smaller than the (possibly transfinite) ordinal a. It contains descriptions, modal operators, nonlogical operators, and wfe's having both types (of all finite levels) and (arbitrary) sense orders <α. In the semantics of §<£« properties are represented by sets of QS's (quasi-senses), and paradoxes are avoided by considering any belief relation B β sensitive only up to the sense order β (0 < β < a). $£ v a differs from the languages considered by Church, Parsons, and Quine in that, for example, the notions of possible world or the sense (QS) of . need not be primitive in S£*. The present work concentrates on the extensional (but hyper-inten-sional) part £ a of S££ deprived of nonlogical operators. By two successive changes in £ α 's semantics (and ontology) the interpreted extensional sense languages £' a and <£« respectively arise. In these the hyper-intensionality ax-i o m^
Pauliceia 2 . 0 : A Spatiotemporal Platform for Digital Humanities View project

Context: Software testing is a knowledge intensive process, and therefore can bene t from the use of experience gained from past projects. In this context, principles of Knowledge Management (KM) can be applied to promote knowledge capture and sharing as well as the emergence of new knowledge. In spite of this, there are only few studies that present practitioners' perspective about KM initiatives in software testing. Objective: The main goal of this study is to identify the perception of professionals in software testing on the use of KM initiatives in software engineering companies, such as KM adoption, potential bene ts or hindrances. Method: A survey was conducted in software development companies. In addition, the survey results were compared with another survey conducted previously in the same context, however, with di erent objectives and target audience. 39 software companies participated in this research. Results: Testing planning activity and the test case reuse are the aspects that have received more attention by companies. A strategic planning and reuse of existing test cases have a potential to signi cantly reduce software development costs and time. Conclusion: Applying KM in software companies can bring several bene ts in terms of quality of results, reduction costs, time and e ort. However, it is still a challenge to be faced and tackled.
Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with cerebral microbleeds

Background The influence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on post-thrombolytic hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke remains controversial. Objective To investigate the association of CMBs with HT and clinical outcomes among patients with large-vessel occlusion strokes treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Methods We analyzed patients with acute stroke treated with Merci Retriever, Penumbra system or stent-retriever devices. CMBs were identified on pretreatment T2-weighted, gradient-recall echo MRI. We analyzed the association of the presence, burden, and distribution of CMBs with HT, procedural complications, in-hospital mortality, and clinical outcome. Results CMBs were detected in 37 (18.0%) of 206 patients. Seventy-three foci of microbleeds were identified. Fourteen patients (6.8%) had ≥2 CMBs, only 1 patient had ≥5 CMBs. Strictly lobar CMBs were found in 12 patients, strictly deep CMBs in 12 patients, strictly infratentorial CMBs in 2 patients, and mixed CMBs in 11 patients. There were no significant differences between patients with CMBs and those without CMBs in the rates of overall HT (37.8% vs 45.6%), parenchymal hematoma (16.2% vs 19.5%), procedure-related vessel perforation (5.4% vs 7.1%), in-hospital mortality (16.2% vs 18.3%), and modified Rankin Scale score 0–3 at discharge. CMBs were not independently associated with HT or in-hospital mortality in patients treated with either thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis followed by thrombectomy. Conclusions Patients with CMBs are not at increased risk for HT and mortality following mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke. Excluding such patients from mechanical thrombectomy is unwarranted. The risk of HT in patients with ≥5 CMBs requires further study.
Testing Heteroskedasticity in Nonlinear and Nonparametric Regressions with an Application to Interest Rate Volatility

This paper presents new tests for heteroskedasticity in nonlinear and nonparametric regression models. The tests have an asymptotically standard normal distribution under the null hypothesis of homoskedasticity, and are consistent against any form of heteroskedasticity and local departures from homoskedasticity converging to the null at proper rates. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the tests have high power against those heteroskedastic models which previous parametric tests have low power against. When applied to term structure models using the 7-day Eurodollar deposit spot rate data, from June 1973 to February 1995, the tests reject the volatility functions commonly used in parametric interest rate models of mean or drift functions. However, with a nonparametric drift function, the tests do not reject the parametric volatility function of Aı̈t-Sahalia (1996), who finds higher volatility at both low and high interest rates. By contrast, this work suggests that higher volatility only occurs at higher interest rates.
Equivalence between pre-exposure schemes for human rabies and evaluation of the need for serological monitoring.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the humoral immune response to the pre-exposure schedule of human rabies vaccination through intradermal and intramuscular routes, as well as the need for serological monitoring. METHODS A randomized and controlled intervention study was carried out in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from 2004-2005. There were 149 volunteers, of which 127 completed the vaccination schedule (65 intradermal and 62 intramuscular) and underwent humoral immune response evaluation at ten, 90 and 180 days post-vaccination. Two outcomes were considered for comparing the two routes of administration: the geometric average of neutralizing antibody titers and the proportion of individuals with satisfactory titers (> 0.5 IU/mL) at each evaluation point. The association of the humoral immune response with anthropometric and demographic data was analyzed through a normal distribution test and a chi-square test with a Yates correction. After completion of the vaccination schedule, the proportion of seropositive results was compared by the Kruskall Wallis test, and the average titers were compared by variance analysis. RESULTS the average antibody titers were higher in patients who were vaccinated intramuscularly. The percentage of volunteers with satisfactory titers (> 0.5% IU/mL) decreased over time in both groups. However, in the group vaccinated intradermally the rate of satisfactory titers on day 180 ranged from 20% to 25%, while the intramuscular route varied from 63% to 65%. An association between the humoral immune response and the demographic and anthropometric variables was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Serology after the third dose can be considered unnecessary in unexposed patients, since 97% and 100% of volunteers respectively vaccinated by the intradermal and intramuscular route presented satisfactory antibody levels (> 0.5% IU/mL).
Language Planning and Linguistic Exclusion in the Legislative Process in Malawi *

When Malawi declared both Chichewa (Chinyanja) and English as official languages in the 1968 Malawi Congress Party (MCP) Convention, the idea was that both languages would have roles in all official domains of national life such as in government and administration, the judicial system, and the legislature. Subsequent political articulation and implementation of the policy, however, have heavily favored English over Chichewa and the other indigenous languages. This state of affairs has given rise to an asymmetrical coexistence between the two official languages in which English has established a clear hegemony over Chichewa. Within this sociopolitical context, the continued covert government promotion of English in domains that Malawians perceive as socially and economically important means that Chichewa and the other indigenous languages will continue to be viewed in terms of this standard. As Malawi treads along the path of democratization, the consequences of this language policy are serious and far-reaching.