Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Materials and Corrosion

Correspondence Gökhan Özer, Aluminium Test, Training and Research Center (ALUTEAM), Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University, Halic Campus, 3445 Istanbul, Turkey. Email:ozergokhan@gmail.com In this study, a retrogression process (R) has been applied to AA7075 at 180, 240, and 370°C for 15, 30, 90, and 120 min. After the retrogression, reaging treatment (RA) was reapplied with T6 conditions (120°C for 24 hr). The effect of different temperatures and time periods of retrogression and reaging temper on exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) of the AA7075 is examined. The EXCO solution was prepared in accordance with the ASTM G34‐01 standard and the samples were kept in the solution for 48 hr. Susceptibility of the alloy to EXCO was determined by weight loss detection, macro and microstructure studies, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. The mechanical properties of aged samples were determined by hardness, tensile tests, and fractography.
The Impact of Independence of Internal Audit Function on Transparency and Accountability Case of Zimbabwe Local Authorities

The study aimed at examining the impact of Internal Audit Function independence on Transparency & Accountability. The study adopted independence as the independent variable and transparency & accountability as the dependent variable, measured by management perception, organization policy, auditees’ cooperation and risk exposure of the organization. Survey data was collected from local authorities in Zimbabwe using semi structured questionnaires. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis that the existence of an independent internal audit function in an organization is positively associated with transparency and accountability. Study findings revealed that the existence of an independent internal audit function in an organization is positively associated with transparency and accountability. The findings concur with results from previous studies which concluded that an independent internal audit function plays a monitoring role, therefore contributing towards promoting good corporate governance practices, supporting the applicability of the Agency Theory and the Theory of Inspired Confidence in internal audit research Keywords: Internal Audit Function, Independence, Transparency & Accountability DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-5-06 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
Modeling of Wastewater Treatment Processes in Membrane Bioreactors Compared to Conventional Activated Sludge Systems

Membrane techniques constitute an interesting alternative to conventional activated sludge systems (CAS). In membrane bioreactors (MBR), the biomass separated on membranes is retained independently of sludge sedimentation properties. As a consequence, a high biomass concentration as well as low food to microorganisms ratio can be obtained. Moreover, the development of a characteristic activated sludge population is stimulated by the specific conditions prevailing in MBRs. In the study, the operation and treatment efficiency of the MBR and CAS processes were examined and compared. Simulation was performed with the use of GPS-X software. The effluent quality obtained for the MBR system was either better or comparable to that of CAS. The most significant difference concerned the elimination of total suspended solids, which amounted to 99.8% in the MBR. Regarding nutrients, a low concentration of total phosphorus in the effluent from CAS and MBR was obtained (0.67 gP m−3 and 0.50 gP m−3, respectively). Greater differences were achieved in the case of total nitrogen. Although almost complete nitrification took place in both systems, a lower concentration of nitrate in the effluent from MBR in comparison to CAS, i.e., 11.2 gN m−3 and 14.1 gN m−3, respectively, allowed us to obtain a higher removal of total nitrogen (80.8% and 76.1%, respectively).
The Impact of Perceived Social Support on Anxiety, Depression and Severity of Pain and Burnout Among Turkish Females With Fibromyalgia.

Objectives This study aims to assess the impact of perceived social support on burnout, severity of pain and comorbid anxiety and depression among Turkish females with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Patients and methods A total of 117 females including 65 patients with FMS (mean age 33.5±8.1 years; range 20 to 60 years) and 52 healthy controls (mean age 33.6±7.3 years; range 23 to 48 years) were included between January 2017 and May 2017. Following a semi-structured psychiatric interview by a psychiatrist, Sociodemographic Data Form, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Modules of Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were applied to participants. Results As a result of the semi-structured clinical interview conducted by a psychiatrist, the prevalence of any mood or anxiety disorder was found to be significantly more common in the FMS group. The proportion of patients diagnosed with any mood or anxiety disorder using SCID-I was significantly different among FMS (n=50, 76.92%) and healthy control (n=14, 33.33%) groups (p<0.001). Correlations between these variables were examined within the FMS group. There was a significant negative correlation between VAS and MSPSS. There were significant negative correlations between MSPSS and HDRS, HARS, all subscales of MBI. There were significant positive correlations between VAS and HDRS, HARS, all subscales of MBI. Conclusion In conclusion, perceived social support was found to be strongly associated with depression, anxiety, burnout and severity of pain in patients with FMS. Our study provided support to emphasize the importance of perceived social support among females with FMS. Considering that FMS is associated with many physical and cognitive complaints in addition to pain, it can be considered as a multi-systemic disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI RENTABILITAS PADA P.T. BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (Persero) Tbk. PERIODE 2011-2016

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan pengaruh rasio keuangan Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) dan efisiensi operasional perusahaan (BOPO) terhadap rentabilitas bank yang diukur dengan Return On Asset (ROA). Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi berganda. Karena data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, maka untuk menentukan ketepatan model perlu dilakukan pengujian atas beberapa asumsi klasik yang mendasari model regresi. Pengujian asumsi klasik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji normalitas, multikolinearitas, heteroskedatisitas dan autokorelasi. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah rentabilitas (ROA). Variabel independennya adalah Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) dan efisiensi operasional perusahaan (BOPO). Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasi bahwa Pertama, variabel independen secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap ROA; Kedua, CAR berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ROA; Ketiga, NPL berpengaruh negative tidak signifikan terhadap ROA; Keempat, LDR berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap ROA; dan Kelima, BOPO berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ROA. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk menambah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rentabilitas, menambah periode dan memperluas sampel penelitian sehingga akan meningkatkan keakuratan data dan akan diperoleh hasil yang lebih representatif. Kata Kunci : Capital Adequacy Ratio , Non Performing Loan , Loan to Deposit Ratio , Efisiensi Operasional Perusahaan (BOPO)
Morphology, size and distribution of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive neurons in the central nucleus of the rat amygdaloid complex

The amygdaloid complex (AC) is a heterogenous group of cortical and nuclear structures. As an important component of the limbic system contains numerous neurotransmitters including neuropeptides. In this study we have investigated the types, distribution, and morphometric characteristics of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive neurons in the central nucleus (Ce) of the AC. We have also identified CRF- immunoreactive fibers in this nucleus. This research was performed on 5 adult rats kept in standard conditions. Animals were perfused 48 hours after application of colhicin. The removed brains were postfixed and cut into free floating sections. The sections were treated with antibodies against the rabbit CRF and ABC immunohistochemstry was applied. The neurons were measured and drawn with a camera lucida. We found uniform distribution of CRF immunoreactive neurons in the Ce of AC of rat. According to morphological type dominant were triangular (50%), while bipolar (25%) and multipolar (25%) types were also present. The most of the CRF immunoreactive neurons had 2-5 primary dendrites. These findings will contribute to understanding the role of CRF neurons in rat Ce during stress and in other behavioral functions.
The grass subfamily Pooideae: Cretaceous–Palaeocene origin and climate‐driven Cenozoic diversification

AIM: Frost is among the most dramatic stresses a plant can experience, and complex physiological adaptations are needed to endure long periods of sub‐zero temperatures. Owing to the need to evolve these complex adaptations, transitioning from tropical to temperate climates is regarded as difficult. Here, we study the transition from tropical to temperate climates in the grass subfamily Pooideae, which dominates cool temperate, continental and Arctic regions. We produce a dated phylogeny and investigate the role of climate cooling in diversification. LOCATION: Global, temperate regions. TIME PERIOD: Cretaceous–Cenozoic. MAJOR TAXA: Pooideae. METHODS: Using newly available fossils and methods, we dated a comprehensive Pooideae phylogeny and tested for the impact of palaeoclimates on diversification rates. Using ancestral state reconstruction, we investigated whether Pooideae ancestors experienced frost and winter. To locate the ancestral distribution area of Pooideae, we performed biogeographical analyses. RESULTS: We estimated a Late Cretaceous/early Palaeocene origin of the Pooideae (61–77 Ma), with all major clades already having diversified at the Eocene–Oligocene climate cooling (34 Ma). Climate cooling was a probable driving force of Pooideae diversification. Pooideae probably evolved in a temperate niche experiencing frost, but not long winters. MAIN CONCLUSION: Pooideae probably originated in a temperate niche and experienced cold temperatures and frost long before expansion of temperate biomes after the Eocene–Oligocene transition. This suggests that the Pooideae ancestor had adaptations to temperate climate and that certain responses to low‐temperature stress are shared in extant Pooideae grasses. Throughout the Cenozoic, falling temperatures and expansion of temperate biomes were associated with an increase in diversification. However, complex mechanisms for enduring strongly seasonal climate with long, cold winters most probably evolved independently in daughter lineages. Our findings provide insight into how adaptations to historical changes in chill and frost exposure influence the distribution of plant diversity today.
Visual outcome of retinal angiomatous proliferation in Chinese patients following photodynamic therapy or direct laser photocoagulation

Aims: To report the prevalence of retinal angiomatous proliferation in Chinese patients presenting with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and to evaluate the outcomes following photodynamic therapy or laser photocoagulation. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who presented with neovascular age-related macular degeneration to a tertiary eye hospital from January 2005 to December 2005. Patients with retinal angioma- tous proliferation were identified based on fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and their medical records. Clinical outcomes of patients with retinal angiomatous proliferation during the follow-up period were analyzed. Results: Of the 104 patients reviewed, 7 eyes of 7 patients (6.7%) were found to have retinal angiomatous proliferation. Five eyes (71.4%) had stage 2 retinal angiomatous proliferation and 2 (28.6%) had stage 3 retinal angiomatous proliferation. Three eyes were treated by photodynamic therapy with or without intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, 1 eye was treated with laser photocoagulation, and 3 eyes were managed by observation alone. After a mean follow-up of 17 months, the median best-corrected visual acuity decreased from 20/160 to 20/400 (p = 0.043). Five patients (71.4%) developed visual loss and 2 (28.6%) had stable vision at the last follow-up. Conclusions: Retinal angiomatous proliferation ap- peared to be less frequent in Chinese patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration than in Caucasians. The visual outcomes for retinal angioma- tous proliferation following photodynamic therapy and laser photocoagulation are generally poor and other therapeutic options should be considered.
Relationships between Satellite-Based Spectral Burned Ratios and Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Three-dimensional point data acquired by Terrestrial Lidar Scanning (TLS) is used as ground observation in comparisons with fire severity indices computed from Landsat satellite multi-temporal images through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Forest fires are measured by the extent and severity of fire. Current methods of assessing fire severity are limited to on-site visual inspection or the use of satellite and aerial images to quantify severity over larger areas. On the ground, assessment of fire severity is influenced by the observers’ knowledge of the local ecosystem and ability to accurately assess several forest structure measurements. The objective of this study is to introduce TLS to validate spectral burned ratios obtained from Landsat images. The spectral change was obtained by an image compositing technique through GEE. The 32 plots were collected using TLS in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. TLS-generated 3D points were converted to voxels and the counted voxels were compared in four height strata. There was a negative linear relationship between spectral indices and counted voxels in the height strata between 1 to 5 m to produce R2 value of 0.45 and 0.47 for unburned plots and a non-linear relationship in the height strata between 0 to 0.5m for burned plots to produce R2 value of 0.56 and 0.59. Shrub or stand development was related with the spectral indices at unburned plots, and vegetation recovery in the ground surface was related at burned plots. As TLS systems become more cost efficient and portable, techniques used in this study will be useful to produce objective assessments of structure measurements for fire refugia and ecological response after a fire. TLS is especially useful for the quick ground assessments which are needed for forest fire applications.
A study of clinico-microbiological profile of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the 3rd most commonly reported infection accounting for 14-16% of all Health care associated infections among hospitalized patients. Surgical Site Infections are responsible for an increased economic burden to healthcare systems, including additional postoperative hospital stay and costs. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to study the incidence, risk factors and associated pathogens of Surgical Site Infection.Methods: A total of 100 patients operated of clean and clean-contaminated surgeries from Orthopaedics, Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of AVBRH, Sawangi were included.Results: Overall infection rate was 6%. Patients in the age of above 71 years showed maximum rate of infection (14.28%) followed by 61 to 70 years (10%) and 51-60 years (10%). Surgical site infection rate was 4.65% (2/43) in clean operative wounds and 7.02% (4/57) in clean contaminated operative wounds. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were the most common organisms causing SSI. None of the risk factor was found significantly associated with the development of SSI.Conclusions: This study gave a better understanding of microbial pathogens of our institute which may have epidemiological and therapeutic implications. It will act as a pilot study to conduct further such larger research.
Effects of organic fertilizers on growth and yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on BRIS soil

The application of organic fertilizers on roselle has generated much interest among the researchers and farmers for the past two decades. However, little attention is given on the plantation quality in Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) soil. Roselle is generally preferred because it is rich in ascorbic acid and anthocyanin that are very beneficial for health. This study determined the growth, yields and antioxidants of roselle on BRIS soils after application with different rate of organic fertilizers. Roselle was treated with five different rates of goat manure i.e. T1 (control), T2 (40 mt/ha), T3 (80 mt/ha), T4 (120 mt/ha) and T5 (160 mt/ha). Plant growth, yields and antioxidants of roselle calyxes were determined at three weeks interval for 21 weeks. Generally, organic fertilizer treated roselle showed significant increased (p<0.05) plant growth and plant yield. Higher rate of organic fertilizer, particularly T5 (160 mt/ha) increased the stem diameter and stem height, leaves number and leaves area as well as the biomass and number of calyx. Organic fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on ascorbic acid, carotenoids and anthocyanin production except for T3 treated plants whereas, chlorophyll content was significantly induced (p<0.05) in response to organic fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, application of organic fertilizers at higher rate showed positive effects on the growth, yield and antioxidant content of roselle. Therefore, organic fertilizer should be frequently applied in the farms to get the best growth and yields of the plant.
Real-Time Deployment and Resource Allocation for Distributed UAV Systems in Disaster Relief

In this work, we propose a robust and efficient resource allocation scheme for UAV-enabled cellular networks that aid in disaster communications. To recover the network within a disaster area, a fast user clustering model based on K-means procedure and distributed control power coefficient will be proposed and can be embedded in the real system by using UAV-assisted relaying for real-time recovering and maintaining network during and after disasters. Algorithms of low computational complexity and fast convergence are also proposed. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the benefit of the proposed computational approach.
Rose Hip Seed Oil: Methods of Extraction and Chemical Composition

Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of uncommon plant oils in the food and cosmetic industries. Oils obtained from Rosa canina L. and R. rubiginosa L. seeds are widespread on the market and recommended for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional purposes. Both these oils are quite well investigated. However, Rosa L. genus includes numerous other species bearing fruits (hips) with seeds rich in active compounds. These rose species may also be a source of oil valuable for purposes above mentioned. Thus recent literature relating to rosehip seed oils, its extraction methods and composition are summarized to provide an overview of the published data on this subject. The goal of this article is to deliver necessary background with references for an up‐to‐date perspective of different rose species' seed oils, to review methods for their isolation, and thereby to compare oil extraction yield and composition. Practical Applications: This review underscores the importance of rose hip seed oil as a product for healthier foods and other purposes. Uncommon plant oils have recently gained popularity in the food and cosmetic industries. Oils obtained from Rosa canina and R. rubiginosa seeds are recommended for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional purposes. Moreover, Rosa L. genus includes numerous other species' seeds rich in active compounds. Thus recent literature relating to rose hip seed oils, its extraction methods, and composition are summarized to provide an overview of the published data on this subject.
Democratic Practice

This book offers a new way to conceptualize and study differences among democracies, focusing on political conduct and interaction as well as related taken-for-granted assumptions. With an empirical basis in a multimethod study of Portugal and Spain, pioneers in the worldwide turn to democracy that began in the 1970s, the argument identifies how political inclusion and equality vary substantially as a result of processes that the book theorizes: Nationally predominant forms of democratic practice constitute cultural legacies of the countries’ pathways to democracy during the 1970s. Whereas Portugal moved from dictatorship to democracy through a social revolution that inverted hierarchies and reconfigured cultural patterns while also generating thorough political democratization, Spain experienced a regime-led process of political transition under pressure from the opposition. The book shows how this contrast in pathways put in place ways of understanding democracy that have had deep consequences for political inclusion and conduct. Points of contrast in contemporary democratic practice include patterns of interaction between social movement protest and elected power holders as well as conduct within representative entities and in crucial secondary institutions such as the news media and the educational system. Consequences are identified in distributional outcomes, housing and welfare state policies, employment policy, and in the handling of economic crises. The implications of Spain’s less inclusionary democratic practice for cultural “others” such as Catalans are taken up in the chapter on the Catalan crisis. Implications for democratic theory and for sociological and political science theory are also taken up.
Stock Returns and Inflation in Greece

This paper examines the relationship between stock returns and inflation. We focus on various econometric techniques to test this relationship, using monthly values of the Athens Stock Exchange Price index and the Greek Consumer Price index over the period 1988-2002. The results from a simple OLS model show evidence of a positive but not significant relationship, while when we consider a system of equations including lagged values of inflation we find a negative but not significant effect of lagged inflation to stock returns. Using the Johansen cointegration test, we find that there is no long-run relationship between stock returns and inflation in Greece. The results indicate that the inflation rate is not correlated with stock returns. Finally, from a dynamic point of view, the Granger-Causality tests indicate evidence of no causality among these variables.