Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimized Internet Search Based on a Intersection Test for XPath Expressions under a DTD

Whenever XML data is distributed over several web sites but follows a global schema defined by a DTD, i.e. multiple sites contain fragments of a global ‘virtu al’ XML document, and the accessible XML content stored on a site can be described by an XPath expression, it may be considerably advantageous to search for XML data only on those sites which contain a relevant f ragment of the distributed XML document. Our optimization uses the XPath expression which describes the XML content of a web site and the XPath expression given in a search query in order to decide, whether or not the site has to be searched for relevant XML da ta. This is done by testing whether or not both XPath q ueries select disjointed node sets. The key idea is t o transform each of the XPath expressions into a graph whi ch contains all paths selected by the XPath expression . Thereafter, an intersection graph is constructed fo r a pair of XPath expressions. Within this intersection graph, we search for a path which is compatible to all the filters attached to the XPath expressions.
Do you "like" my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk.

OBJECTIVE Social media sites, such as Facebook, merge two factors that influence risk for eating disorders:media and peers. Previous work has identified cross-sectional and temporal associations between Facebook use and disordered eating. This study sought to replicate and extend these findings using an experimental design. METHOD In Study 1, 960 women completed self-report surveys regarding Facebook use and disordered eating. In Study 2, 84 women were randomly assigned to use Facebook or to use an alternate internet site for 20 min. RESULTS More frequent Facebook use was associated with greater disordered eating in a cross-sectional survey. Facebook use was associated with the maintenance of weight/shape concerns and state anxiety compared to an alternate internet activity. DISCUSSION Facebook use may contribute to disordered eating by maintaining risk for eating pathology. As such, targeting Facebook use may be helpful in intervention and prevention programs.
Effects of sex hormones on regulation of ABCG2 expression in the placental cell line BeWo.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of sex hormones that are secreted during gestation from the placenta on ABCG2 mRNA and protein expression levels by using the placental cell line BeWo. METHODS We investigated the effects of estrogens (estrone, 17-beta-estradiol and estriol) on the expression level of ABCG2 mRNA by RT-PCR. The expression level of ABCG2 protein was analyzed by Western blot analysis. We also investigated the localization of ABCG2 in BeWo cells by Western blot analysis of the plasma membrane fraction and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS It was found that all estrogens induce the expression of ABCG2 mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that 17-beta-estradiol induces the expression of ABCG2 protein. Western blot analysis of the plasma membrane fraction and immunohistochemistry showed that ABCG2 localized on only the apical side of BeWo cells and that 17-beta-estradiol had no effect on the localization of ABCG2. In addition, progesterone suppressed the induction of ABCG2 expression by 17-beta-estradiol at 1-10 microM. CONCLUSION The expression of ABCG2 in the placenta is regulated by estrogen and progesterone during gestation.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)‐mediated neutralisation of C5a: a direct mechanism of IVIG in the maintenance of a high FcγRIIB to FcγRIII expression ratio on macrophages

for invasive fungal infection: a prospective feasibility study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41, 1242–1250. McLintock, L.A. , Jordanides, N.E. , Allan, E.K. , Copland, M. , Steward, K. , Parker, A. , Devaney, M. , Holyoake, T.L. & Jones, B.L. (2004) The use of a risk group stratification in the management of invasive fungal infection: a prospective validation [Correspondence]. British Journal of Haematology, 124, 403–404. Patterson, T.F. (2005) Aspergillosis and other filamentous fungi [abstract 1785]. In: Program and Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Washington, DC) ASM Press, Herndon, VA. Pazos, C. , Ponton, J. & de Palacio, A. (2005) Contribution of (1fi3)-bd-glucan chromogenic assay to diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic adult patients: a comparison with serial screening for circulating galactomannan. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 299–305. Prentice, H.G. , Kibbler, C.C. & Prentice, A.G. (2000) Towards a targeted, risk-based, antifungal strategy in neutropenic patients. British Journal of Haematology, 110, 273–284.
Transcriptional correlates of memory maintenance following long-term sensitization of Aplysia californica

We characterized the transcriptional response accompanying maintenance of long-term sensitization (LTS) memory in the pleural ganglia of Aplysia californica using microarray (N = 8) and qPCR (N = 11 additional samples). We found that 24 h after memory induction there is strong regulation of 1198 transcripts (748 up and 450 down) in a pattern that is almost completely distinct from what is observed during memory encoding (1 h after training). There is widespread up-regulation of transcripts related to all levels of protein production, from transcription (e.g., subunits of transcription initiation factors) to translation (e.g., subunits of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, eIF4, eIF5, and eIF2B) to activation of components of the unfolded protein response (e.g., CREB3/Luman, BiP, AATF). In addition, there are widespread changes in transcripts related to cytoskeleton function, synaptic targeting, synaptic function, neurotransmitter regulation, and neuronal signaling. Many of the transcripts identified have previously been linked to memory and plasticity (e.g., Egr, menin, TOB1, IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1/ZBP-1), though the majority are novel and/or uncharacterized. Interestingly, there is regulation that could contribute to metaplasticity potentially opposing or even eroding LTS memory (down-regulation of adenylate cyclase and a putative serotonin receptor, up-regulation of FMRFa and a FMRFa receptor). This study reveals that maintenance of a “simple” nonassociative memory is accompanied by an astonishingly complex transcriptional response.
Lactate dehydrogenase of Mugil sp. (Mugilidae, Perciformes). Lack of electrokinetic, thermostability and kinetic differences among individuals with different number of scales

O numero de escamas em series laterais (SNS) de exemplares de Mugil sp. (Mugilidae, Perciformes) coletados na regiao estuarino-lagunar de Cananeia, Estado de Sao Paulo, varia de 33 a 39. A fim de tentar determinar se exemplares com diferentes SNS corresponderiam a diferentes especies ou populacoes de tainhas, foram analisadas as propriedades eletrocineticas, cineticas e de termoestabilidade da sua lactato desidrogenase (LDH). A exemplo de muitos teleosteos, a LDH de Mugil sp. mostrou-se codificada por 3 locos genicos: LDH-A*, LDH-B* e LDH-C*. Metodo de diluicoes seriadas aplicado a 10 diferentes tecidos dessa especie sugeriu um padrao bidirecionalmente divergente de expressao desses locos da LDH. Nao foi observada nenhuma associacao entre padrao eletroforetico, inativacao termica, respostas cineticas e diferentes SNS. Os valores de Km (pyr) aparente aqui obtidos mostraram-se similares aos obtidos por outros autores para musculo e coracao, bem como aos de suas isoformas purificadas. O efeito do NaCl nos valores de Km e Vmax de Mugil sp. (SNS de 35 e 39) indica que esse sal se comporta como um inibidor competitivo, ja que decresce a afinidade enzima-substrato. Assim, os comportamentos eletrocineticos e de termoestabilidade, valores de Km e Vmax e os efeitos do NaCl sobre esses nao nos permitem caracterizar as tainhas capturadas na regiao estuarino-lagunar de Cananeia, com amplitudes de SNS de 33 a 39, como diferentes especies ou populacoes.
Perceptions of Malaysian Local Government Managers on Accountability Typology

Accountability is a concept that has been difficult to clearly identify or measure. There is disagreement over definitions of accountability and a lack of empirical evidence about ways the concept might be dimensionalized, although there is agreement that it is multi-dimensional in nature. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of the existence of common types of accountability that are considered by departmental managers in local governments in Malaysia to be rendered by their particular departments. Drawing from a range of writings that have propounded different dimensions for the accountability construct, this study develops an instrument and administers it to departmental heads and their immediate subordinate manager in local government authorities throughout Malaysia. A three-cluster solution resulted from the data analysis, indicating an accountability typology that reduces to the three dimensions managerial/public accountability, fiduciary/compliance accountability and political accountability.
The Mode of Mechanical Integrin Stressing Controls Intracellular Signaling in Osteoblasts

Following the idea that integrin receptors function as mechanotransducers, we applied defined physical forces to integrins in osteoblastic cells using a magnetic drag force device to show how cells sense different modes of physical forces. Application of mechanical stress to the β1‐integrin subunit revealed that cyclic forces of 1 Hz were more effective to stimulate the cellular calcium response than continuous load. Cyclic forces also induced an enhanced cytoskeletal anchorage of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins and increased activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase. These events were dependent on an intact cytoskeleton and the presence of intracellular calcium. Analyses of the intracellular spatial organization of the calcium responses revealed that calcium signals originate in a restricted region in the vicinity of the stressed receptors, which indicates that cells are able to sense locally applied stress on the cell surface via integrins. The calcium signals can spread throughout the cell including the nucleus, which shows that calcium also is a candidate to transmit mechanically induced information into different cellular compartments.
Comparison of Chain- and Plate-Loaded Bench Press Training on Strength, Joint Pain, and Muscle Soreness in Division II Baseball Players

McCurdy, K, Langford, G, Ernest, J, Jenkerson, D, and Doscher, M. Comparison of chain- and plate-loaded bench press training on strength, joint pain, and muscle soreness in Division II baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 187--195, 2009-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chain- (CBP) and plate-loaded (PBP) bench press training on measures of strength, shoulder pain, and muscle soreness in Division II baseball players. Twenty-eight subjects with previous resistance training experience (4.8 ± 2.7 years) completed the study while participating in off-season baseball practice. All subjects completed a one-repetition maximum pre- and posttest on the CBP and PBP and reported shoulder pain and muscle soreness on 15 occasions during training. Two treatment groups, CBP and PBP, trained 2 d·wk−1 for 9 weeks during the off-season with a linear periodization strength training program. The CBP group used chains attached to the bar as the entire load, and the PBP group used only traditional plate-loaded resistance. The chains provided a variable resistance, with a reduction in load during the descent as the weight collected on the floor and with the load increasing during ascent as the weight was lifted from the floor. Statistically significant increases were found in strength scores after training for the CBP test (p < 0.001) and the PBP test (p < 0.001). Both groups were able to improve strength on the CBP and PBP, but no significant differences were found in strength gains between the groups on the CBP and PBP tests. Although levels of pain and soreness were not significantly different, a threefold difference was found for perceived levels of shoulder pain (mean totals of 2.15 vs. 6.14), whereas reported soreness was similar (9.38 vs. 10.57) for the CBP and PBP group, respectively. The data indicate that training with chain- and plate-loaded resistance produce similar short-term strength improvement on the chain- and plate-loaded bench press. Baseball players may benefit from CBP training with improved free-weight strength while minimizing shoulder stress.
PROBIOTIC APPLICATION IN LAMBS NUTRITION

The research was conducted on 28 lambs divided into two groups (C-control and E-experiment). The investigation started on day 15 of age and lasted until day 77 of age. The probiotic BioPlus 2B was added into the feed of the lamb in group B. The lambs in group E had a higher body weight (by 1.90%), greater daily gain (by 2.50%), increased average daily intake and a better feed conversion, compared to C group but differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The lambs in group E had, in the blood serum, statistically lower concentration of urea (5.51:7.97 mmol/l) and triglycerids (0.22:0.35 mmol/l) compared to group C. No significant differences between lambs in the groups C and E were observed in the blood levels of glucose (2.67:2.45 mmol/l), cholesterol (1.25:1.08 mmol/l), total proteins (66.08:63.70g/l), creatinine (52.01:48.0 μmol/l) and albumin (27.68:28.35 g/l). The results testify to the moderate increase of metabolic activity in the E group of lambs.
Design and Implementation of High Sampling Rate Programmable FIR Filters in FPGAs

This paper investigates the design and implementation of programmable FIR filters in FPGAs, for applications requiring the highest sampling rates. A comparison of architectures is made, with a quantitative evaluation of the direct and direct transposed forms in terms of logic resources. A qualitative assessment of placement and routing issues is also made. Two types of programmable filters are considered. In the first case, all coefficients are allowed the same dynamic range. In the second case, programmability is allowed but for a restricted set of linear phase filters where the center coefficients are allotted more bits. Implementation details leading to a cost and performance comparison are given. For a filter with 32 coefficients, the transposed form requires 11% and 32% more arithmetic resources for the general and restricted cases, respectively, and 24% fewer memory elements in either case
Effects of raclopride in the nucleus accumbens on ethanol seeking and consumption.

BACKGROUND Nucleus accumbens dopamine has been shown to play a role in the processing of behaviorally relevant stimuli and to mediate ethanol-reinforced responding. Previous research that used a fixed-ratio schedule of responding maintained by the presentation of small dippers (0.1 ml) of ethanol demonstrated that the dopamine D2 antagonist, raclopride, decreased total responding for ethanol by both delaying the onset of responding and causing the early termination of lever-press behavior. Because these studies required animals to continuously respond to obtain access to small amounts of ethanol over a period of self-administration, this procedure assessed a combination of appetitive (seeking) and consummatory (drinking) behavior. The paradigm used in the present study separated the appetitive or seeking response from the consummatory response to assess the effects of raclopride on both types of ethanol-related behaviors. METHODS Male Long-Evans rats were trained to emit a fixed number of lever-press responses that resulted in access to a drinking tube that contained 10% ethanol for 20 min, once each day. We measured the effects of microinjections of raclopride (1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 microg/subject) into the nucleus accumbens, before the sessions, on appetitive and consummatory responding. RESULTS Raclopride delayed the onset of ethanol-seeking (appetitive responding) at all doses and decreased the number of responses made at the low and high doses. The rate of responding, however, was unaffected. Raclopride had no effect on the latency to begin consuming ethanol or on any of the characteristics of the initial bout of ethanol intake at all doses tested. Total ethanol intake was decreased, after an initially "normal" pattern of self-administration, following only the highest dose of raclopride. Mean ethanol intake (g/kg) was 0.54 (+/-0.03) after no injection, 0.51 (+/-0.04) after sham treatment, and 0.38 (+/-0.05) after 10 microg of raclopride. CONCLUSIONS The procedural separation of the seeking and intake responses used in this experiment allowed us to assess the effects of dopamine receptor antagonism in the nucleus accumbens on these two different behaviors. Overall, appetitive responding that preceded the delivery of an ethanol solution was more sensitive to raclopride treatment than was consummatory responding. These findings are consistent with a stimulus-processing function of the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Comparison of primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review.

OBJECTIVE To provide a quantitative review of the treatment effects of primary coronary angioplasty vs intravenous thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. DATA SOURCES Ten randomized trials were identified through computerized bibliographic search of MEDLINE from January 1985 through March 1996 and by queries of principal investigators. STUDY SELECTION Single-center and multicenter randomized trials comparing primary angioplasty with intravenous thrombolytic therapy among 2606 patients were included. Four trials compared angioplasty with streptokinase, 3 compared angioplasty with a 3- to 4-hour infusion of tissue-type plasminogen activator, and 3 compared angioplasty with "accelerated" administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator over 90 minutes. DATA EXTRACTION Each investigator provided definitions and exact data for outcome events. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P values were calculated using exact tests for categorical data. DATA SYNTHESIS Mortality at 30 days or less was 4.4% for the 1290 patients treated with primary angioplasty compared with 6.5% for the 1316 patients treated with thrombolysis (34% reduction; OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94; P=.02). The effect was similar among thrombolytic regimens, and no subgroup demonstrated a significant reduction in death. The rates of death or nonfatal reinfarction were 7.2% for angioplasty and 11.9% for thrombolytic therapy (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.76; P<.001). Angioplasty was associated with a significant reduction in total stroke (0.7% vs 2.0%; P=.007) and hemorrhagic stroke (0.1% vs 1.1%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Based on outcomes at hospital discharge or 30 days, primary angioplasty appears to be superior to thrombolytic therapy for treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction, with the proviso that success rates for angioplasty are as good as those achieved in these trials. Data evaluating longer-term outcomes, operator experience, and time delay before treatment are needed before primary angioplasty can be universally recommended as the preferred treatment.
Statins : Are There Benefits Beyond Cholesterol Lowering ?

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, are potent inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and large clinical trials have demonstrated that these agents reduce cholesterol and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the beneficial effects of statins may extend beyond their effects on serum cholesterol levels. Because statins also inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, they may have pleiotropic effects on vascular wall cells. In particular, the small GTP-binding protein, Rho, whose membrane localization and activity are affected by post-translational isoprenylation, may play an important role in mediating the direct vascular effects of statins.
Integrative review: nurses' roles and experiences in keeping children safe

AIM To identify nurses' role and experiences of keeping children safe. BACKGROUND Approaches to preventing, identifying and responding to child abuse and neglect have moved towards a multidisciplinary approach where all professionals are expected to contribute to the goal of keeping children safe. Frequently in contact with children and families, nurses well positioned to contribute to keeping children safe from abuse and neglect. Much has been published around nurses' experiences of their role in keeping children safe, but this literature has not yet been synthesized to determine the challenges and potential scope of this role. DESIGN Integrative review following an Integrative Review framework. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified through a search of the electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Informit to identify literature published between 2005-2015. REVIEW METHODS All the studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme. Data from each study were extracted and categorized according to the review aims and the study's major findings. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met in 60 studies. Three main findings were identified including nurses' insufficient knowledge, need for validation and improved communication and balancing surveillance and support for vulnerable families. CONCLUSIONS Nurses have many roles and experiences in keeping children safe but often felt they did not have the knowledge, skills and support to take action in this area. Further research is needed to understand why nurses feel inadequate and disempowered to advocate and intervene on the behalf of children at risk of abuse or neglect.
Primary swine intestinal cells as a model for studying Campylobacter jejuni invasiveness

Swine small-intestinal enterocytes were used to test the invasiveness of Campylobacter jejuni. The cells were removed from the small intestines of 6-h-old piglets by enzymatic digestion. Two clinical C. jejuni isolates invaded swine enterocytes at significantly higher frequencies than an Escherichia coli control strain. The recovered colonies of C. jejuni T13192 appeared to be highly mucoid and invaded tissue culture cells (INT 407) at higher frequency (0.14%) than the parental strain (0.003%). The data not only support the previous in vitro findings regarding the invasiveness of C. jejuni but also suggest that invasiveness of C. jejuni may be an in vivo virulence attribute.