Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular-weight dependence of interchain polaron delocalization and exciton bandwidth in high-mobility conjugated polymers

Interchain interactions have a profound effect on the optical as well as charge transport properties of conjugated polymer thin films. In contrast to oligomeric model systems in solution-deposited polymer thin films the study of such effects is complicated by the complex microstructure. We present here a detailed study of interchain interaction effects on both charged polarons as well as neutral excitons in highly crystalline, high-mobility poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) as a function of molecular weight. We find experimental evidence for reduced exciton bandwidth and increased polaron delocalization with increasing conjugation length and crystalline quality. From comparative studies of field-effect transistor characteristics, film morphology, and optical properties our study provides a microscopic understanding of the factors which limit the charge transport in P3HT to field-effect mobilities around $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}∕\mathrm{V}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$, and which will need to be addressed to improve mobility further.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN OTOMOTIF YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

The financial statements are a source of information about the financial position, performance, and the company's cash flow that is useful in helping investors and other capital market participants in identifying the state of a company. One of the tools of financial statement analysis is to use financial ratio analysis for investors. The method used in the preparation of this paper is descriptive method of analysis, a method that attempts to collect the data corresponding to the actual circumstances, present and analyze it so as to provide information in decision making. Source of data used is the author of documentary data company. Object of research on automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange such as PT Astra International Tbk, PT Astra Otoparts Tbk, PT Tunas Tbk, and PT United Tractors Tbk. The results show the comparative performance of the company after the visits of the changes that occur in the accounts of its financial statements respectively. In this analysis the authors used the ratio of Earning Per Share, Price Earning Ratio, Percentage of Retained Earnings, Dividend Yield, and Opertaion Cash Flow/Cash Dividend.In conclusion, namely from the four companies in the analysis of a company that has the best performance is for long-term investors such as PT Astra International Tbk, and PT United Tractors Tbk, while companies that have good performance for short-term investor is PT Astra Otoparts Tbk and PT Tunas Ridean Tbk.
Gene induction by interferons and double-stranded RNA: selective inhibition by 2-aminopurine

Transcription of several interferon-inducible human genes is also induced by double-stranded RNA. The nature and the mechanism of action of signals generated by interferons and by double-stranded RNA which mediate the induction of these genes are under investigation. Here we report that 2-aminopurine, a known inhibitor of protein kinases, could selectively block this induction process. Induction of mRNAs 561 and 6-16 in HeLaM cells by double-stranded RNA was completely inhibited by 10 mM 2-aminopurine, whereas cellular protein and RNA syntheses as well as the induction of metallothionein mRNA by CdCl2 were unaffected by this inhibitor. In addition, 2-aminopurine blocked the induction of the same two mRNAs and of mRNAs 2-5(A) synthetase, 2A, and 1-8 by alpha interferon and of mRNAs 2A and 1-8 by gamma interferon in HeLaM cells. The observed inhibition was at the level of transcription, and for establishing efficient inhibition, the 2-aminopurine treatment had to begin at early stages of interferon treatment. In GM2767 cells, 2-aminopurine inhibited induction of mRNAs 561 and 6-16 by double-stranded RNA but not by alpha interferon. These results suggest that double-stranded RNA-induced signal 2 is distinct from the interferon-alpha-induced signal 2 (R. K. Tiwari, J. Kusari, and G. C. Sen, EMBO J. 6:3373-3378, 1987) and that 2-aminopurine can block the former but not the latter. Moreover, it appeared that 2-aminopurine could block the production of signal 1 by interferons. This was confirmed by experiments in which we separately tested the effects of 2-aminopurine on signal 1 and signal 2 production by interferons in HeLaM cells. Although no direct experimental evidence is available as yet, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the functioning of a protein kinase activity may be necessary for transcriptional induction of genes by double-stranded RNA and for gene induction by interferons in those cells in which signal 1 production is needed.
Identifying new product ideas : waiting for the wisdom of the crowd or screening ideas in real time

Crowdsourcing ideas from consumers can enrich idea input in new product development. After a decade of initiatives (e.g., Starbucks’ MyStarbucksIdea, Dell's IdeaStorm), the implications of crowdsourcing for idea generation are well understood, but challenges remain in dealing with the large volume of rapidly generated ideas produced in crowdsourcing communities. This study proposes a model that can assist managers in efficiently processing crowdsourced ideas by identifying the aspects of ideas that are most predictive of future implementation and identifies three sources of information available for an idea: its content, the contributor proposing it, and the crowd's feedback on the idea (the “3Cs”). These information sources differ in their time of availability (content/contributor information is available immediately; crowd feedback accumulates over time) and in the extent to which they comprise structured or unstructured data. This study draws from prior research to operationalize variables corresponding to the 3Cs and develops a new measure to quantify an idea's distinctiveness. Applying automated information retrieval methods (latent semantic indexing) and testing several linear methods (linear discriminant analysis, regularized logistic regression) and nonlinear machine-learning algorithms (stochastic adaptive boosting, random forests), this article identifies the variables that are most useful towards predicting idea implementation in a crowdsourcing community for an IT product (Mendeley). Our results indicate that consideration of content and contributor information improves ranking performance between 22.6 and 26.0% over random idea selection, and that adding crowd-related information further improves performance by up to 48.1%. Crowd feedback is the best predictor of idea implementation, followed by idea content and distinctiveness, and the contributor's past idea-generation experience. Firms are advised to implement two idea selection support systems: one to rank new ideas in real time based on content and contributor experience, and another that integrates the crowd's idea evaluation after it has had sufficient time to provide feedback.
Bacterial intracranial aneurysm.

✓ The authors tabulate and analyze cases of bacterial intracranial aneurysm documented since 1954, and add four of their own. In 85 cases the overall mortality was 46%. Elimination of patients dying before reaching the hospital makes this figure spuriously low. Figures for patients hospitalized for endocarditis before neurological symptoms occurred suggest a true mortality of 80% from aneurysms that rupture and 30% if the aneurysm remains intact. Multiple reports of spontaneously resolving, enlarging, diminishing, multiple, and sequentially appearing aneurysms, all of which occurred in our fourth case, clarify the need for complete and sequential angiography. Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning in this disease has not been reported, but our experience with these scans demonstrates considerable potential value. A protocol of complete cerebral angiography and CT scanning of these neurologically asymptomatic patients is proposed, in order to assess the true incidence of bacterial intracranial aneurysm, to.
The Science of Monetary Policy: An Imperfect Knowledge Perspective

This paper reevaluates the basic prescriptions of monetary policy design in the new Keynesian paradigm through the lens of imperfect knowledge. We show that while the basic logic of monetary policy design under rational expectations continues to obtain, perfect knowledge and learning can limit the set of policies available to central banks, rendering expectations management in general more difficult. Nonetheless, the desirability of some form of price-level targeting, inducing inertia in interest-rate policy, paramount under rational expectations, is robust to the assumption of imperfect knowledge.
Psychological distress, loneliness and disability in old age

Abstract With the growth in the number of older people, an increase of mental health problems might be expected. Reducing the amount of suffering and dependence due to poor mental health in old age is a priority requiring a good understanding of the determinants of psychological distress. The objectives were: (a) to measure the prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness in old men and women, living in the community, (b) to clarify the association between psychological distress, health and other explanatory variables and (c) to determine relationship between loneliness and psychological distress. We performed a cross-sectional study of 999 people aged 65+. The variables studied were psychological distress (GHQ-12) and self-reported loneliness. The prevalence of psychological distress was 20%. Illness and disability are related to psychological distress in old age; the feeling of loneliness is the single most important predictor of psychological distress, and not knowing neighbours increases the probability of depression. Attempts to improve detection and management of psychological distress in sick older people, in those who appear isolated and express loneliness should be evaluated.
AIS usage factors and impact among Jordanian SMEs: The moderating effect of environmental uncertainty

Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) are struggling to survive in the present competitive environment. Accounting Information Systems (AIS) has great potentials to facilitate firms in attaining sustainable competitiveness and to survive in such environment.Nevertheless, the use of AIS among Jordanian SMEs has been reported as relatively low, which in turn does not affect SMEs effectively.Drawing upon Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework as well as the ResourceBased View (RBV) theory, authors proposed an integrated model to examine the antecedents and impact of AIS usage in Jordanian SMEs.The proposed model enables incorporation of usage and the performance aspects of AIS in a single model. This study employed self-administered questionnaire survey for data collection purpose.The research model was validated based on the responses from 186 Jordanian SMEs.There are three major findings being observed from this study.First, competitive pressure, compatibility, organizational readiness, owner/manager commitment and government support are found to significantly influence the usage of AIS.Secondly, the study demonstrates significant and positive relationship between AIS Usage and AIS Effectiveness.Finally, contrary to the expectation, environmental uncertainty does not moderate the relationship between AIS usage and AIS effectiveness.The findings provide insights as how firms could improve their AIS usage for better firm performance.The current paper also contributes to the small but emergent stream of literature that examines antecedents and impact of IS/IT usage.
Searching the web: a survey on the quality of advice on postnatal sequelae of intrauterine growth restriction and the implication of developmental origins of health and disease

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are pregnancy complications associated with morbidity in later life. Despite a growing body of evidence from current research on developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), little information is currently provided to parents on long-term metabolic, cardiovascular and neurologic consequences. As parents strongly rely on internet-based health-related information, we examined the quality of information on IUGR/FGR sequelae and DOHaD in webpages used by laypersons. Simulating non-clinicians experience, we entered the terms ‘IUGR consequences’ and ‘FGR consequences’ into Google and Yahoo search engines. The quality of the top search-hits was analyzed with regard to the certification through the Health On the Net Foundation (HON), currentness of cited references, while reliability of information and DOHaD-related consequences were assessed via the DISCERN Plus score (DPS). Overall the citation status was not up-to-date and only a few websites were HON-certified. The results of our analysis showed a dichotomy between the growing body of evidence regarding IUGR/FGR-related sequelae and lack of current guidelines, leaving parents without clear directions. Furthermore, detailed information on the concept of DOHaD is not provided. These findings emphasize the responsibility of the individual physician for providing advice on IUGR/FGR-related sequelae, monitoring and follow-up.
Understanding the effects of different review features on purchase probability

ABSTRACT The role of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has been recognized by marketers and academics, but little research has examined the impact of eWOM on purchase behavior. Building on dual-process models of persuasion, this study aims to disentangle the effect of different online review features (i.e. argument quality, review valence, review helpfulness, message sidedness, source credibility and reviewer recommendation). Using product reviews and purchase data from an online retailer website, we investigate the financial impact of online product reviews on purchase decisions. The results demonstrate the persuasive power of different review features that are derived from dual-process models of information processing. Managerial implications on how advertisers and companies should design and manage online product reviews are offered.
NADH Oxidase Activity of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase*

The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was found to oxidize NADH under aerobic conditions in the absence of other enzymes or reactants. This reaction led to the formation of the dioxygen adduct of IDO and supported the oxidation of Trp to N-formylkynurenine. Formation of the dioxygen adduct and oxidation of Trp were accelerated by the addition of small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, and both processes were inhibited in the presence of either superoxide dismutase or catalase. Anaerobic reaction of IDO with NADH proceeded only in the presence of a mediator (e.g. methylene blue) and resulted in formation of the ferrous form of the enzyme. We propose that trace amounts of peroxide previously proposed to occur in NADH solutions as well as solid NADH activate IDO and lead to aerobic formation of superoxide and the reactive dioxygen adduct of the enzyme.
The Relationship between the Education of Forensic Accounting & Accounting Students Competence in Sudanese Universities.

Forensic accountant plays a significant role in decreasing risk of financial & managerial misstatement in companies. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the education of (FA) & accounting students competence with reference to Sudanese universities . In order to achieve this aim, Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to generalize the results and conclude the findings . The data has been collected through a well -structured questionnaire is designed and will be distributed to a randomly chosen sample of business & economic staff members in some Sudanese universities . Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data and test hypotheses. The results of the study suggest that the inclusion of forensic accounting topics within the curriculum of the accounting department in Sudanese universities developed the characteristics and skills required for a forensic accountant. Also, the study concludes that the studying of (FA) increase the ability detect the financial misstatement disputes in the future. The study recommends that there is a necessity for the Coordination between the academic & professional bodies on how to develop the (FA) in the Sudanese environment.
Sector-specific gender pay gap: evidence from the European Union Countries

Abstract The study aims to determine whether the unexplained gender wage gap varies in the different sectors of the economy and to identify the possible causes of these differences. Firstly, we estimate average treatment effect on the individual sectors to identify the unexplained part of gender pay gap. To identify the possible causes of observed variability in unexplained gender wage differences, we use a linear regression model. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data for 24 European Union (EU) members, we conclude that the unexplained gender pay gap in the individual sectors varies both within the individual EU countries and among the countries. The most important factors in explaining the differences in the gender pay gap among the individual sectors are ownership and the proportion of women in the sector. On the other hand, the proportion of female managers and the proportion of small companies are not statistically significant factors for the explanation of the variation in the sector-specific gender pay gaps. To the best of my knowledge, this study is the first to present fully comparable estimates of the unexplained sector-specific gender pay gap for the 24 EU countries and to identify the causes of the differences in the unexplained gender pay gap at the sectoral level.
Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Patient’s Cohorts and in Population-based Studies – A Review of the Current Literature

Abstract There is an ongoing controversy on the prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA). We aimed to update a meta-analysis published in 2008, that compiled studies reporting the prevalence of positive ARR screening tests and PA. We therefore reviewed original studies published in 2008 or later to examine whether current reports provide similar, higher or lower prevalences of elevated ARRs or PA than reports included in the original meta-analysis. A systematic review of English articles using PubMed was conducted. Search and extraction of articles were performed by one review author; the second review author checked all extracted data. We identified 11 eligible studies. The updated, weighted mean prevalences of elevated ARRs and PA in primary care (prevalence of high ARRs 16.5%; prevalence of PA 4.3%) and referred patients (prevalence of high ARRs 19.6%; prevalence of PA 9.5%) were only marginally different from the mean values obtained in the original meta-analysis. Among the current studies the maximum values for the prevalence of elevated ARRs and PA were substantially lower than among the older studies. Our results confirm the main conclusions from the original meta-analysis. The prevalence of PA increases with the severity of hypertension and the inclusion of current study results did not alter the mean prevalences of elevated ARRs and PA in primary care and referred patients. Additionally, we found that current studies focus increasingly on patients in referral centers or special subgroups, while the prevalence of PA in the general hypertensive population is yet unknown.
Joint adaptation and adaptive training of TVWR for robust automatic speech recognition

Context-dependent Deep Neural Network has obtained consistent and signiﬁcant improvements over the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based systems for various speech recognition tasks. However, since DNN is discriminatively trained, it is more sensitive to label errors and is not reliable for unsupervised adaptation. Moreover, DNN parameters do not have a clear and meaningful interpretation, therefore, it has been dif-ﬁcult to develop effective adaptation techniques for the DNNs. Nevertheless, unadapted multi-style trained DNNs have already shown superior performance to the GMM system with joint noise/speaker adaptation and adaptive training. Recently, Tem-porally Varying Weight Regression (TVWR) has been successfully applied to combine DNN and GMM for robust unsupervised speaker adaptation. In this paper, joint speaker/noise adaptation and adaptive training of TVWR using DNN posteri-ors are investigated for robust speech recognition. Experimental results on the Aurora 4 corpus showed that after joint adaptation and adaptive training, TVWR achieved 21.3% and 11.6% relative improvements over the DNN baseline system and the best system in currently reported literatures, respectively.
Influence of Running andWalking on Hormonal Regulators of Appetite inWomen

Nine female runners and ten walkers completed a 60 min moderate-intensity (70% VO2max) run or walk, or 60 min rest in counterbalanced order. Plasma concentrations of the orexogenic peptide ghrelin, anorexogenic peptides peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and appetite ratings were measured at 30 min interval for 120 min, followed by a free-choice meal. Both orexogenic and anorexogenic peptides were elevated after running, but no changes were observed after walking. Relative energy intake (adjusted for cost of exercise/rest) was negative in the meal following running (−194 ± 206 kcal) versus walking (41± 196 kcal) (P = 0.015), although both were suppressed (P < 0.05) compared to rest (299±308 and 284±121 kcal, resp.). The average rate of change in PYY and GLP-1 over time predicted appetite in runners, but only the change in GLP-1 predicted hunger (P = 0.05) in walkers. Results provide evidence that exercise-induced alterations in appetite are likely driven by complex changes in appetite-regulating hormones rather than change in a single gut peptide.
Conservative Treatment of Lymphoedema of the Limbs

Management of Lymphoedema is extremely variable in the medical profes sion, ranging from aggressive diagnostic procedures, which may aggravate the disease (lymphography by oily contrast mediums) in combination with thera peutic nihilism to precipitous operations. Scattered between these two con traversial extreme positions are quite a number of various conservative methods - some of which being in conflict with the anatomy and physiology of the lymph vascular system and the pathology of Lymphoedema. Lymphoedema, if left untreated, or is treated inadequately, may lead to in- validity and to death if Stewart - Treves Syndrome develops. Unnecessary sur gery may have disastrous consequences. The paper describes how Lymphoedema can be treated with success, free of any side effects, by complex physiotherapy.
Dividends and Taxes: The Moderating Role of Agency Conflicts

We find that potential conflicts between majority and minority shareholders strongly influence how dividends respond to taxes. When the controlling shareholder has a smaller stake, the incentives to extract private benefits are stronger – a shareholder conflict that can be mitigated by dividend payout. We study a large and clean regulatory shock in Norway that increases the dividend tax rate for all individuals from 0% to 28%. We find that dividends drop less the higher the potential shareholder conflict, suggesting that dividend policy trades off tax and agency considerations. The average payout ratio falls by 30 percentage points when the conflict potential is low, but by only 18 points when it is high. These lower dividends cannot be explained by higher salaries to shareholders or diverse liquidity needs. We also observe a strong increase in indirect ownership of high-conflict firms through tax-exempt holding companies and suggest policy implications for intercorporate dividend taxation.