Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Identification of Myoepithelial, Epithelial, and Connective Tissue Cells in Canine Mammary Tumors

Fifty-eight formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine mammary tumors, 19 malignant and 39 benign, were used in this study. Tumors were obtained from dogs submitted for surgical resection of lesions at private veterinary practices in Brussels or from the surgery unit of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège. Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed, using monoclonal antibodies directed against keratins 8–18 and 19, vimentin, desmin, and α-actin and polyclonal antibodies directed against high-molecular-weight keratins and S-100 protein. The main cell types, epithelial, myoepithelial, and connective, were identified, and myoepithelial cells represented the major component of most tumors, both benign and malignant. Myoepithelial cells had five patterns: resting and proliferative suprabasal cells, spindle and star-shaped interstitial cells, and cartilage. Reactivity to keratin 19, vimentin, α-actin, and S-100 protein suggested a progressive transformation from resting cells to cartilage. Epithelial cell reactivities were limited to keratins; only keratinized cells were positive for polyclonal keratins. Myofibroblasts were positive for both vimentin and α-actin, and connective tissue cells were positive for vimentin. Myoepithelial cells appeared to be the major component of carcinomas, justifying reevaluation and simplification of histomorphologic classifications, with a “pleomorphic carcinoma” group including all carcinomas except squamous, mucinous, and comedo carcinomas. Immunohistochemical evaluation, in addition to routine hematoxylin and eosin histopathologic evaluation is recommended for precise classification of canine mammary tumors.
High-Efficiency Dialysis for Carbamazepine Overdose

Background: Carbamazepine intoxication is associated with seizures, coma, arrhythmias, and death. In acute intoxications, charcoal hemoperfusion enhances removal of the drug but is associated with thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia. Alternatively, high-efficiency hemodialysis can be used without the side effects of charcoal hemoperfusion. Case Report: We report an 18-month-old comatose, convulsing child with plasma carbamazepine 27 μg/mL treated with high efficiency hemodialysis. Therapeutic carbamazepine levels were obtained after 4.5 hours of high-efficiency hemodialysis. The patient developed no untoward side effects, improved clinically, and was subsequently discharged home without sequelae. We conclude that high-efficiency hemodialysis is a safe, effective alternative to charcoal hemoperfusion in the pediatric population.
The Link between Budget Deficit and Current Account Deficit in Indian Economy

The main aim of the article is theoretical and empirical analysis of the causal relationship between the budget balance and the current account balance in India from the period 1990–2013. The article starts with a descriptive statistics to check the presence of normality in the frequency distribution followed by unit root test of non-stationarity. The presence of short-run and long-run relationship among the concerned variables, current account balance and fiscal balance has been tested by applying co-integration test followed by vector error correction mechanism, and finally it ends with Wald–Granger causality test. The results of the Wald–Granger casualty test claim that there exists bi-directional causality among the variables in the long-run whereas, the cointegration test results also conform the long-run association among the variables, and vector error correction mechanism results claim that there is no short-run relationship among the variables. The results indicate that the twin deficits hypothesis does exist in India.
STK11 Domain XI Mutations: Candidate Genetic Drivers Leading to the Development of Dysplastic Polyps in Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare hereditary disorder resulting from mutations in serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) hamartomatous polyps, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and an increased risk for specific cancers. Little is known about the genetic implications of specific STK11 mutations with regard to their role in dysplastic and malignant transformation of GI polyps. Peripheral blood genomic DNA samples from 116 Chinese PJS patients from 52 unrelated families were investigated for STK11 mutations. Genotype–phenotype correlations were investigated. The mutation detection rate was 67.3% (51.9% point mutations, 15.4% large deletions). Fourteen out of the 25 point mutations identified were novel. Nearly one‐third of all mutations, 8/27 (29.6%), were in exon 7, the shortest out of the nine exons. Strikingly, mutations affecting protein kinase domain XI, encoded in part by exon 7, correlated with a 90% (9/10) incidence of GI polyp dysplasia. In contrast, only two out of 17 (11.8%) nondomain XI mutations were linked to polyp dysplasia (P = 0.0001). The extent of the association between dysplasia and the development of GI‐related cancers is currently unknown but our results highlight a novel STK11 genotype–phenotype association as the basis for future genetic counseling and basic research studies.
Reduction of electrical baseband memory effect in high-power LDMOS devices using optimum termination for IMD3 and IMD5 using active load-pull

The usual approach in minimizing electrical memory in PA design is to terminate base-band impedances into a broadband short circuit, usually provided in the form of an array of bypass capacitors attached close to the output terminal of the device. This paper investigates the validity of this approach and compares linearity performance under different IF impedance terminations. Active IF load-pull is used as a modulation-frequency independent means of engineering the significant low-frequency IF voltage components generated as a result of two-tone excitation. Selective IF loads are presented in order to probe device linearity as a function of IF impedance. One significant observation is the existence of specific IF loads that result in the suppression of both IM3 and IM5 intermodulation components by more than 16dB and 10dB respectively, in comparison to the case of a conventional IF short termination. These investigations are performed using a 20W LDMOS device characterised at 2.1 GHz within a purpose built, high-power measurement system.
The firm under regret aversion

We examine the economic behavior of the regret-averse firm under price uncertainty. We show that the global and marginal effects of price uncertainty on production are both positive (negative) when regret aversion prevails if the random output price is positively (negatively) skewed. In this case, high (low) output prices are much more likely to be seen than low (high) output prices. To minimize regret, the firm is induced to raise (lower) its output optimal level. The skewness of the price distribution as such plays a pivotal role in determining the regret-averse firm's production decision.
Bond Variance Risk Premiums

This paper studies variance risk premiums in the Treasury market. We first develop a theory to price variance swaps and show that the realized variance can be perfectly replicated by a static position in Treasury futures options and a dynamic position in the underlying. Pricing and hedging is robust even in the underlying jumps. Using a large options panel data set on Treasury futures with different tenors, we report the following findings: First, the term structure of implied variances is downward sloping across maturities and increases in tenors. Moreover, the slope of the term structure is strongly linked to economic activity. Second, returns to the Treasury variance swap are negative and economically large. Shorting a variance swap produces an annualized Sharpe ratio of almost two and the associated returns cannot be explained by standard risk factors. Finally, the returns remain highly statistically significant even when accounting for transaction costs and margin requirements.
Caudal paw displacement during movement initiation and its implications for possible injury mechanisms

Summary Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify and determine the degree to which dogs experience negative displacement of the paw during movement initiation on natural surfaces, the frequency of that displacement, and whether or not the negative displacement could yield injuries. Methods: Seven retired racing Greyhound dogs were selected to participate in sprint starts on two natural (non-vegetated and vegetated) surfaces. Kinematic analysis was conducted to quantify the displacements. Results: All dogs in all trials experienced a negative paw displacement in at least one or more limbs. Significant effects were found for negative displacement across surfaces, limb, and for the surface x limb interactions. Rear paw negative displacement was -6.68 ± 2.55% body length (BL) for the non-vegetated surface and -5.29 ± 1.92% BL for the vegetated surface. Front paw negative displacement was -21.42 ± 2.62% BL for the non-vegetated surface and -17.25 ± 3.82% BL for the vegetated surface. There was no significant difference between average torso velocity on the two track surfaces. This study verified that the paw does negatively displace (moves backwards) during movement initiation. The magnitude of the displacements suggests that multiple injury mechanisms could be present. Clinical relevance: These findings demonstrate the extreme kinematics placed on the canine body during movement initiation, which might further the understanding of the mechanism of injury and contribute to enhanced surgical and rehabilitation techniques.
Clinical Value of Glycosylated Serum Protein and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were compared to the oral glucose tolerance test to determine their relative sensitivity in identifying women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The mean glycosylated serum protein level (0.49 ± SD 0.07 nmol hydroxymethylfurfural per milligram protein) of 17 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and the mean value (0.54 ± SD 0.06 nmol hydroxymethylfurfural per milligram protein) of eight pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were statistically different (P<.05). However, there was such an overlap between these groups that individuals could not be categorized as normal or as having gestational diabetes mellitus on the basis of the glycosylated serum protein level. There was no difference in glycosylated hemoglobin levels between 41 women with normal glucose tolerance and 12 women with gestational diabetes mellitus. This study concluded that glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are not as sensitive as the glucose tolerance test in detecting gestational diabetes mellitus as it is now defined.
Corporate Risk Disclosure and Audit Fee: A Text Mining Approach

Abstract The aim of this study is to introduce an innovative text mining approach to assess firms' risks using unstructured textual disclosure from annual reports. Specifically, we use Natural Language Processing techniques to extract firms' self-identified risks including financial, strategic, operational, and hazard risks based on an enterprise risk management framework. We examine the association between these four risk measures derived from the risk factor section in 10-K filings and audit fees. The results show that audit fees are significantly and positively related to firm-specific financial, strategic, and operational risks, indicating the informativeness of corporate textual risk disclosures. This study provides direct support for the recent US reporting regulatory requirement of adding a new section on risk factors in corporate annual reports.
Detection of Kras Mutations of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cells Aids the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Small Pulmonary Lesions 1

An increased prevalence of K-ras oncogene mutation in lung adenocarcinoma has been shown by PCR-primerintroduced restriction with enrichment for mutation alleles (PCR-PIREMA) experiments. In the present study we investigated whether this method is useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer in small pulmonary lesions, which are difficult to diagnose cytologically as lung cancer by bronchoscopic examination. We examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells from 33 patients with single nodular pulmonary lesions of less than 2 cm in diameter (measured on chest computed tomography scans) for K-ras (codon 12) mutation, by PCR-PIREMA. Transbronchial fiberscopic examinations had not revealed lung cancer cytologically in any of the patients. The final diagnoses for the 33 lesions were 20 adenocarcinomas, 5 cases of focal fibrosis, 5 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of tuberculosis, 1 hamartoma, and 1 case of lymph node swelling. BALF cell lysates were amplified and digested with a restriction enzyme to detect the K-ras oncogene. Only the normal K-ras was observed after the first amplification and digestion for each of the 33 patients. Three amplifications and digestions were performed for each sample. We detected mutation of K-ras in BALF cells from 15 (75%) of 20 lung cancer patients and in cells from only 4 (31%) of 13 patients with nonmalignant lesions. The detection rate of the K-ras mutation in lung cancer was significantly greater than that in nonmalignant lesions (P 5 0.012). Our results indicate that the detection of the codon 12 K-ras mutation in BALF cells by PCR-PIREMA aids the diagnosis of lung cancer in patients with small pulmonary lesions with negative cytological findings.
Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on the Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Prasugrel Versus Clopidogrel: Insights From the Treatment With Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRANSLATE‐ACS) Study

Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastrointestinal bleeding events but may alter clopidogrel metabolism. We sought to understand the comparative effectiveness and safety of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in the context of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. Methods and Results Using data on 11 955 acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention at 233 hospitals and enrolled in the TRANSLATE‐ACS study, we compared whether discharge PPI use altered the association of 1‐year adjusted risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; death, MI, stroke, or unplanned revascularization) and Global Use of Strategies To Open Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) moderate/severe bleeding between prasugrel‐ and clopidogrel‐treated patients. Overall, 17% of prasugrel‐treated and 19% of clopidogrel‐treated patients received a PPI at hospital discharge. At 1 year, patients discharged on a PPI versus no PPI had higher risks of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21‐1.58) and GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding (adjusted HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15‐2.09). Risk of MACE was similar between prasugrel and clopidogrel regardless of PPI use (adjusted HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.62‐1.26 with PPI, adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.90‐1.28 without PPI, interaction P=0.31). Comparative bleeding risk associated with prasugrel versus clopidogrel use differed based on PPI use but did not reach statistical significance (adjusted HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.36‐1.48 with PPI, adjusted HR 1.34, 95% CI 0.79‐2.27 without PPI, interaction P=0.17). Conclusions PPIs did not significantly affect the MACE and bleeding risk associated with prasugrel use, relative to clopidogrel. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01088503.
Hes1, an important gene for activation of hepatic stellate cells, is regulated by Notch1 and TGF-β/BMP signaling.

AIM To determine the role of Notch1 and Hes1 in regulating the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and whether Hes1 is regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. METHODS Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and the myofibroblastic marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after freshly isolated, normal rat HSCs had been activated in culture for different numbers of days (0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 d). The expression of α-SMA, collagen1α2 (COL1α2), Notch receptors (Notch1-4), and the Notch target genes Hes1 and Hey1 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter assays and Western blot were used to study the regulation of α-SMA, COL1α1, COL1α2 and Hes1 by NICD1, Hes1, CA-ALK3, and CA-ALK5 in HSC-T6 cells. Moreover, the effects of inhibiting Hes1 function in HSC-T6 cells using a Hes1 decoy were also investigated. RESULTS The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNAs was significantly down-regulated during the culture of freshly isolated HSCs. In HSC-T6 cells, Notch1 inhibited the promoter activities of α-SMA, COL1α1 and COL1α2. On the other hand, Hes1 enhanced the promoter activities of α-SMA and COL1α2, and this effect could be blocked by inhibiting Hes1 function with a Hes1 decoy. Furthermore, co-transfection of pcDNA3-CA-ALK3 (BMP signaling activin receptor-like kinase 3) and pcDNA3.1-NICD1 further increased the expression of Hes1 compared with transfection of either vector alone in HSC-T6 cells, while pcDNA3-CA-ALK5 (TGF-β signaling activin receptor-like kinase 5) reduced the effect of NICD1 on Hes1 expression. CONCLUSION Selective interruption of Hes1 or maintenance of Hes1 at a reasonable level decreases the promoter activities of α-SMA and COL1α2, and these conditions may provide an anti-fibrotic strategy against hepatic fibrosis.
Foreign Competition for Shares and the Pricing of Information Asymmetry: Evidence from Equity Market Liberalization

Using the equity market liberalization of 23 emerging market countries between 1996 and 2006, we examine how the degree of competition for a firm's shares affects the price of information asymmetry. We find evidence of a significant decline in the pricing of information asymmetry as countries remove regulatory restrictions on foreign ownership. Our study provides novel evidence on the link between the degree of competitiveness of equity markets and the price of information asymmetry. The work also furthers our understanding of the economic consequences of foreign stock ownership.
Ultrastructural evidence of synaptic contacts between substance p‐, enkephalin‐, and serotonin‐immunoreative terminals and retrogradely labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the Rat: A Study using a double‐peroxidase procedure

A double‐peroxidase procedure was used to study the ultrastructural relationship between terminals and fibers containing three putative neurotranasmitters and retrogradely identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNS) located in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the rat. SPNS with axons in the cervical sympathetic trunk were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase. In addition, terminals and fibers containing substance P, enkejphalin, and serotonin were detected using immunohistochemistry. Sections containing both retrogradely labeled SPNS and immunoreactive processes were processed for electron microscopy. Ultrastructural examination revealed synaptic contacts between terminals containing each of these three neurotransmitters and labeled dendrites from SPNS. Also, immunoreactive terminals were apposed to retrogradely labeled cell bodies. Therefore, these transmitters may alter sympathetic function by their direct action on SPNS.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates 3‐nitropropionic acid‐induced neurotoxicity in rats: possible antioxidant mechanisms

Systemic administration of 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), a complex II inhibitor of the electron transport chain, causes motor and cognitive deficits that are associated with excitotoxicity and excessive free radical generation. Recently, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been implicated as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of various neurological disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of COX inhibitors in 3‐NP‐induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 3‐NP (20 mg/kg for 4 days) showed motor abnormalities and cognitive impairment in rats. Chronic treatment with naproxen (10 and 20 mg/kg) and valdecoxib (5 and 10 mg/kg) once daily for a period of 8 days beginning 4 days prior to 3‐NP administration significantly improved 3‐NP‐induced motor and cognitive impairment in rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that systemic 3‐NP administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels, depleted reduced glutathione levels and reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the brains of rats, whereas administration of naproxen, a nonselective COX inhibitor (10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) and valdecoxib, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor (5 and 10 mg/kg p.o.) significantly attenuated 3‐NP‐induced oxidative stress. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors also significantly restored the decreased SDH activity. The results of the present study clearly indicate that naproxen and valdecoxib showed protection against 3‐NP‐induced motor and cognitive impairment by decreasing oxidative stress.
T‐cell subpopulations in the blood and skin of patients with psoriasis

Monoclonal antibodies were used to determine, simultaneously, the proportions of T‐cell populations in the peripheral blood and in the skin lesions of fifty‐one patients with psoriasis. The results were analysed in relation to the extent, age and clinical type of the skin lesions. In the group of patients with extensive lesions, a significant reduction in the number of total T (TT) and T helper/inducer‐cells, (TH), but not in T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (Ts) was observed in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, the skin TH/TS ratio was greater in late guttate and in chronic plaque lesions than the corresponding ratio in the blood. These findings suggest that there is an active selective recruitment of TH cells into established psoriatic lesions. In contrast, the TH/TS ratio in early guttate lesions was the same as in the blood, and significantly lower than in the plaque lesions. An additional finding was a decrease of TS, and a corresponding increase of null cells in the blood of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. These observations provide further evidence for the participation of T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Negative evaluation of conservation agriculture: perspectives from African smallholder farmers

ABSTRACT Despite more than three decades of promotion, conservation agriculture (CA) has not been widely adopted by smallholder farmer in sub-Saharan Africa. This low rate of adoption reflects substantial negative evaluation of CA by many smallholder farmers, the causes of which have not been adequately explored in an in-depth, qualitative manner. Hence, we implement the Livelihoods Platforms Approach to explore directly with negatively evaluating farmers the reasons why they chose not to implement CA using semi-structured interviews with 35 farmers from 23 communities in 6 African countries. While there are issues with perceived benefit and relevance, the primary driver of negative evaluation of CA was found to be the feasibility of implementation. The required resources to implement CA (financial, physical, human and informational) are limited by community and institutional constraints which appear unlikely to be overcome through interventions targeted at addressing household resources. More positive evaluation of CA by smallholder farmers requires: (1) development of financially viable CA adoption pathways; (2) incorporation of wider livelihood objectives into a CA ‘package’; (3) re-evaluation of current extension policy; and (4) development of CA-complementary agricultural policies. Without addressing these issues, the potential benefits of CA adoption are unlikely to be achieved in African smallholder systems.