Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wee1 and Cdc25 control morphogenesis, virulence and multistress tolerance of Beauveria bassiana by balancing cell cycle-required cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity.

Modification of cell cycle in entomopathogenic fungi is likely crucial for host infection and environmental adaptation. Here we show that Wee1 and Cdc25 can balance cell cycle-required cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activity in Beauveria bassiana. The Cdk1 phosporylation signal was strong in Δcdc25 but very weak in Δwee1 and absent in Δwee1Δcdc25. Consequently, cell cycles, septation patterns and many septation-dependent gene transcripts of these mutants were reversely changed. Hyphal cells were short in Δwee1, slender in Δcdc25 and short and swollen in Δwee1Δcdc25. Conidiation was most defective in Δwee1, followed by Δcdc25. Their conidia and yeast-like blastospores also altered antagonistically in both size and complexity, accompanied with abnormally branched germlings in Δwee1 and Δwee1Δcdc25. Conidial thermotolerance and UV-B resistance decreased much more in Δwee1Δcdc25 than in Δwee1 but significantly increased in Δcdc25. The double deletion and the point mutation Cdk1(T14A/P15F) for inhibitory phosphorylation caused most defective virulence, followed by wee1 deletion. All the changes were restored by ectopic gene complementation. Virulence changes in all the mutants and control strains were highly correlated to those in blastospore size or complexity. Taken together, Wee1 and Cdc25 control cell cycle, morphogenesis, asexual development, stress tolerance and virulence of B. bassiana by balancing the Cdk1 activity.
Lipoprotein(a) serum concentration and apolipoprotein(a) phenotype correlate with severity and presence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are genetically determined and considered to be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to provide a complete analysis of Lp(a) serum levels, apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes, and other lipid parameters for different forms of severity of symptomatic ischemic cerebrovascular disorders as well as for different stages of carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS Lp(a) concentration, apolipoprotein(a) phenotype, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels of blind-coded specimens as well as degree of carotid artery stenosis were assessed in a consecutive series of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. We evaluated 265 male (34%) and female (66%) patients (mean age, 51 +/- 7.4 years) with transient ischemic attack (55.8%), prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficits (28.3%), and cerebral infarction (15.9%) as well as 288 male (30%) and female (70%) control subjects (mean age, 51 +/- 7.1 years). All subjects were white. RESULTS Lp(a), total, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were statistically significantly elevated in all patients compared with control subjects. Lp(a) correlated with the severity of symptomatic cerebrovascular disease and the degree of carotid stenosis. Logistic regression analysis revealed Lp(a) as the best single marker for the presence of cerebrovascular disease (P < .001) followed by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .003) and triglycerides (P = .049). With a cutoff of 20 mg/dL of Lp(a), the odds ratio for a subject to have had ischemic stroke with elevated Lp(a) was 20.3 and 23.7 depending on the method of the Lp(a) estimation, whereas the odds ratio when the sonography score was > 0 was 15.4. The investigation of the distribution of the apo(a) phenotypes revealed that 16.73% of the control subjects had major isoforms < or = 580 kD molecular weight (B, F, S1, S2) versus 42.65% of the patients' group (P < .001). These isoforms were also present in 14.71% of all individuals with a sonography score of 0 but in 52.30% of all individuals with a sonography score > 0 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This case-control study shows that an elevated Lp(a) level is the primary factor associated with the presence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and that the increased portion of the smaller-molecular-weight apo(a) isoforms in patients and individuals with a sonography score > 0 points toward an inherited predisposition for this disease.
Exercise-induced fall in insulin and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism during muscular work.

To examine the role of the exercise-induced fall in insulin, dogs were studied during 150 min of treadmill exercise alone (C) or with insulin clamped at basal levels by an intraportal infusion so as to prevent the normal fall in its concentration (IC). To counteract the suppressive effect of insulin on glucagon release, glucagon was replaced intraportally in a separate group of dogs in which insulin levels were clamped (IC + G). In all dogs, catheters were placed in an artery and in the portal and hepatic veins for sampling and in the vena cava and the portal vein for infusion purposes. Glucose production (Ra) and gluconeogenesis were assessed with isotope and arteriovenous difference techniques. In C, insulin fell 5 +/- 2 microU/ml by the end of exercise and was unchanged in IC (delta 0 +/- 2 microU/ml) and IC + G (delta 0 +/- 1 microU/ml). Glucagon rose 54 +/- 11 pg/ml with exercise in C and was unchanged in IC (delta - 4 +/- 11 pg/ml), and normal increments were restored in IC + G (delta 55 +/- 10 pg/ml). Catecholamines and cortisol rose similarly in all groups. Ra increased by an average of 4.0 +/- 0.4, 0.9 +/- 0.3, and 1.8 +/- 0.4 mg.kg-1.min-1 during exercise in C, IC, and IC + G, respectively. Gluconeogenesis from alanine rose by 212 +/- 34, 91 +/- 39, and 184 +/- 47% with exercise in C, IC, and IC + G. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Net Generation Undergraduates as Technology Mentors for Teacher Educators.

This project extending over three years was based on the premise that a digital divide exists between the technology skill levels of teacher education faculty and K12 classroom teachers compared to those of undergraduate students. The Technology Mentor Fellowship Program (TMFP) matched technologicallyproficient undergraduate students with K-12 teachers to model technology as an instructional tool. A consortium consisting of seven school districts and a university designed an approach for integrating technology into teacher preparation programs that allowed over 5,000 high-need learners to access teachers prepared to teach in increasingly high-tech classrooms. Increasing technology knowledge and skills among participating teachers became evident, but perhaps the greatest change was the realization of the substantial technology integration expertise of the undergraduate technology mentors. NATIONAL FORUM OF TEACHER EDUCATION JOURNAL 2____________________________________________________________________________________ The Net Generation (ages 20s – birth) currently represents 30 percent of the population as compared to 29% for the baby boomer generation making it large enough to rival the boomers and their culture. What makes it such a cultural influence? It is not Net Generations’ size but their growing up during the infancy of a revolution in telecommunications. Although their boomer parents may have spent their formative years around television, this medium was much more limited than the medium that the Net Generation is engaging during its formative years. The context and environment are fundamentally different from those of their parents and for sure the experiences of their grandparents. Keeping abreast of changes and expectations is increasingly difficult as organizations and individuals become digitally enabled (Milliron & Miles, 2000). Perhaps forming dyads of an undergraduate student with a faculty member to collaborate in sharing ideas and techniques will enable technology transfer between generations to
Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos)

The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis were globally disseminated and various clinical studies about the management of acute cholecystitis were reported by many researchers and clinicians from all over the world. The 1st edition of the Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07) was revised in 2013. According to that revision, the TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute cholecystitis provided better specificity and higher diagnostic accuracy. Thorough our literature search about diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis, new and strong evidence that had been released from 2013 to 2017 was not found with serious and important issues about using TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute cholecystitis. On the other hand, the TG13 severity grading for acute cholecystitis has been validated in numerous studies. As a result of these reviews, the TG13 severity grading for acute cholecystitis was significantly associated with parameters including 30‐day overall mortality, length of hospital stay, conversion rates to open surgery, and medical costs. In terms of severity assessment, breakthrough and intensive literature for revising severity grading was not reported. Consequently, TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading were judged from numerous validation studies as useful indicators in clinical practice and adopted as TG18/TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis without any modification. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps. jp/modules/en/index.php? content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
Adoption and Use of Corporate Wikis in German Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

In recent years, corporate wikis have been increasingly adopted in enterprises. However, little research is devoted to the adoption and use of wikis in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are of high social and economic importance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the usage of enterprise wikis in SMEs and potential concerns that may hinder the diffusion of wikis in SMEs as well as other reasons for their reluctance to adopt wikis by conducting a survey of German SMEs. Findings indicate that a majority of SMEs do not intend to adopt wikis in their organization for various reasons. However, firms that have already introduced wikis seem to clearly benefit despite a number of concerns that might have a negative impact on the use and diffusion of wikis. Based on our results, we derive several implications for SMEs, in particular with respect to how to overcome these obstacles to adoption and diffusion of wikis.
Time-Varying Linkages of Economic Activities in China and the Stock Markets in ASEAN-5

This study attempts to investigate the evolution of dynamic linkages and volatility spillover between the five countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN-5) stock markets and China’s economic activities. By using the movements and structural breaks of the time-varying correlation and Granger causality test, a suitable destination for equity portfolio diversification can be determined among the studied markets. This study covers monthly data from January 1991 to March 2015. The DCC-MGARCH model shows that the studied countries are time-varying correlated, while the structural break observed by Bai and Perron test coincided with major economic shocks, policy changes and the establishment of regional trade policies. The VAR model Granger causality test observed no volatility spillover from Chinese economic activities to the ASEAN-5 stock markets, except for Malaysia and the Philippines. However, the ASEAN-5 stock markets’ volatility exerts a significant influence on China’s economy, except for Singapore’s stock market volatility. This study reveals that ASEAN-5 has gradually became the preferred destination for diversifying equity portfolios for investors in China.
The Concept of the Anthropocene

The Anthropocene, the concept that the Earth has moved into a novel geological epoch characterized by human domination of the planetary system, is an increasingly prevalent framework for debate both in academia and as a wider cultural and policy zeitgeist. This article reviews the proliferation of literature surrounding this concept. It explores the origins and history of the concept, as well as the arguments surrounding its geological formalization and starting date ranging from the Pleistocene to the twentieth century. It examines perspectives and critiques of the concept from the Earth system sciences, ecological and geological sciences, and social sciences and humanities, exploring its role as a cultural zeitgeist and ideological provocation. I conclude by offering a personal perspective on the concept of the Anthropocene and its utility.
Study the association between wealth index and morbidity pattern among under- five children in Pravara area

Background: Wealth may affect the health of the children through different channels. Health status of under-five children is affected by the wealth index of the family. These problems mainly severe in the developing countries. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out in Rahata taluka among the 200 household by using systematic random sampling. The respondents were interviewed face to face with the help of household questionnaire (NFHS-3) for wealth index and its association with morbidity pattern among under- five children. Result: In this study, the wealth index was constructed by giving the scores to each household asset. Out of 200 children 70 % were found ill in last six months. The majority of the children belonging to lower class had one or other illness during the last six months (96.30%); amongst them the majority of the children were ill because of ARI and Diarrhea. The chi-square test showed a significant association between wealth index and morbidity in under-five children (p <0.001) with the majority of children belonging to lower quintile. Conclusion: The study concludes that there was an association between the wealth and health, because those who had a higher wealth index were having less morbidity as compared to those who belong to the lower wealth index. Diarrhoea and ARI were the main causes of illness in under- five children.
Segmentation of Consumer Markets in the US: What Do Intercity Price Differences Tell Us?

We quantify the magnitude of market segmentation in US consumer market and explore the underlying factors behind this segmentation, using a quarterly panel of retail prices for 45 products in 48 US cities from 1985 to 2009. The extent of market segmentation is estimated using city-pair price differences within the framework of both linear autoregressive (AR) and nonlinear threshold autoregressive (TAR) models. We find that the magnitude of market segmentation varies from one product to another, but even more across city pairs in each product. Contrary to a widespread perception, market segmentation within the US is not necessarily larger for non-tradable services compared to tradable goods. We identify potential drivers of market segmentation by relating the cross-city and cross-product variations of market segmentation to location-specific and product-specific characteristicsdistance, relative city sizes, differences in wage and rent, type of product and proximity to marketplace. Distance, which captures more than transport costs, turns out to be the most salient factor even after controlling for a range of other potential factors. The effect of distance, however, varies substantially across products, with perishable products and locally produced products showing larger distance effect on market segmentation. We find that the magnitude of market segmentation has been somewhat stable during the sample period, but intercity price differences have become more sensitive to distance over time in many products under study.
Simultaneous phase correction and SENSE reconstruction for navigated multi‐shot DWI with non‐cartesian k‐space sampling

Phase‐navigated multi‐shot acquisition and parallel imaging are two techniques that have been applied to diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) to diminish distortions and to enhance spatial resolution. Specifically, sensitivity encoding (SENSE) has been combined with single‐shot echo planar imaging (EPI). Thus far, it has been difficult to apply parallel imaging methods, like SENSE, to multi‐shot DWI because motion‐induced phase error varies from shot to shot and interferes with sensitivity encoding. Although direct phase subtraction methods have been introduced to correct this phase error, they generally are not suitable for SENSE reconstruction, and they cannot remove all the motion artifacts even if the phase error is fully known. Here, an effective algorithm is proposed to correct the motion‐induced phase error using an iterative reconstruction. In this proposed conjugate‐gradient (CG) algorithm, the phase error is treated as an image encoding function. Given the complex perturbation terms, diffusion‐weighted images can be reconstructed using an augmented sensitivity map. The mathematical formulation and image reconstruction procedures of this algorithm are similar to the SENSE reconstruction. By defining a dynamic composite sensitivity, the CG phase correction method can be conveniently incorporated with SENSE reconstruction for the application of multi‐shot SENSE DWI. Effective phase correction and multi‐shot SENSE DWI (R = 1 to 3) are demonstrated on both simulated and in vivo data acquired with PROPELLER and SNAILS. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3,000 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial Success!

OVERVIEW:Improvements in the standard of living depend to a remarkable degree on the success of industrial innovations, but the odds of any one idea becoming an economic success are so very low that many ideas are needed. Success curves for industrial innovation have been developed from three major sources, including: the project literature, patent literature and experience, and venture capitalists. Remarkably similar results were found from all three sources of information.Understanding success curves is important for at least three reasons: 1. To set expectations of those involved in industrial innovation; 2. To benchmark one's own process against others in the industry; and, 3. To calculate future expected benefits from current innovation spending as a function of the stage of the new product development process and the typical success rates found for each stage.
Utility of bilateral acoustic hearing in combination with electrical stimulation provided by the cochlear implant

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to quantify the benefit provided by having access to amplified acoustic hearing in the implanted ear for use in combination with contralateral acoustic hearing and the electrical stimulation provided by the cochlear implant. Design: Measures of spatial and non-spatial hearing abilities were obtained to compare performance obtained with different configurations of acoustic hearing in combination with electrical stimulation. In the combined listening condition participants had access to bilateral acoustic hearing whereas the bimodal condition used acoustic hearing contralateral to the implanted ear only. Experience was provided with each of the listening conditions using a repeated-measures A-B-B-A experimental design. Study sample: Sixteen post-linguistically hearing-impaired adults participated in the study. Results: Group mean benefit was obtained with use of the combined mode on measures of speech recognition in coincident speech in noise, localization ability, subjective ratings of real-world benefit, and musical sound quality ratings. Conclusions: Access to bilateral acoustic hearing after cochlear implantation provides significant benefit on a range of functional measures.
Glycaemic control in a type 1 diabetes clinic for younger adults.

BACKGROUND In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT, 1993) tight diabetes control (HbA1c <7%) was associated with significantly less microvascular complications compared to 'conventionally' treated type 1 patients. AIM To assess the effectiveness of a dedicated young-adult type 1 diabetes clinic in achieving HbA1c levels <7% between 1991 and 2001. DESIGN Retrospective review of case-notes. METHODS All patients who attended the clinic in the first six years (1991 to 1996) were studied. All were offered at least two appointments per year. Case-notes were reviewed up to December 2001. RESULTS We treated 386 type 1 patients (59.8% male, mean age 28.7 years, mean duration diabetes 9.5 years). After a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, 261 (67.6%) had attended in the past 2 years, 22 (5.8%) were known to have died, 11 (2.8%) had transferred to another clinic and 92 (23.8%) had repeatedly failed to attend appointments for 2 years. Over 11 years, the total mean (SD) HbA1c was 9.19% (1.3). Only 3.4% of patients achieved an average HbA1c of <7% during the study period, and 80% of patients had average HbA1c levels of >8%. DISCUSSION Despite regular specialist physician, specialist diabetes nurse and dietician input, encouragement of multiple daily insulin injections and repeatedly following-up failed appointments (including home visits), fewer than 1:20 patients achieved the DCCT target of mean HbA1c <7%. Tight diabetes control is rare in a routine clinic setting.
Possible Evidence for Re-regulation of HPA Axis and Brain Reward Systems Over Time in Treatment in Prescription Opioid-Dependent Patients

Objectives:There is growing evidence for a neuroadaptive model underlying vulnerability to relapse in opioid dependence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical measures hypothesized to mirror elements of allostatic dysregulation in patients dependent on prescription opioids at 2 time points after withdrawal, compared with healthy control participants. Methods:Recently withdrawn (n = 7) prescription opioid-dependent patients were compared with the patients in supervised residential care for 2 to 3 months (extended care; n = 7) and healthy controls (n = 7) using drug cue reactivity, affect-modulated startle response tasks, salivary cortisol, and 8 days of sleep actigraphy. Prefrontal cortex was monitored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the cue reactivity task. Results:Startle response results indicated reduced hedonic response to natural rewards among patients recently withdrawn from opioids relative to extended care patients. The recently withdrawn patients showed increased activation to pill stimuli in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relative to extended care patients. Cortisol levels were elevated among recently withdrawn patients and intermediate for extended care relative to healthy controls. Actigraphy indicated disturbed sleep between recently withdrawn patients and extended care patients; extended care patients were similar to controls. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation to drug and natural reward cues, startle responses to natural reward cues, day-time cortisol levels, time in bed, and total time spent sleeping were all correlated with the number of days since last drug use (ie, time in supervised residential treatment). Conclusions:These results suggest possible re-regulation of dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain reward systems in prescription opioid-dependent patients over the drug-free period in residential treatment.