Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the use of different imaging and delivery techniques for cranial treatments on the Halcyon linac

Abstract Purpose In this work, we investigated the effect on the workflow and setup accuracy of using surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) for patient setup, megavoltage cone beam CT (MVCBCT) or kilovoltage cone beam CT (kVCBCT) for imaging and fixed IMRT or volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for treatment delivery with the Halcyon linac. Methods We performed a retrospective investigation of 272 treatment fractions, using three different workflows. The first and second workflows used MVCBCT and fixed IMRT for imaging and treatment delivery, and the second one also used SGRT for patient setup. The third workflow used SGRT for setup, kVCBCT for imaging and VMAT for delivery. Workflows were evaluated by comparing the number of fractions requiring repeated imaging acquisitions and the time required for setup, imaging and treatment delivery. Setup position accuracy was assessed by comparing the daily kV‐ or MV‐ CBCT with the planning CT and measuring the residual rotational errors for pitch, yaw and roll angles. Results Without the use of SGRT, the imaging fields were delivered more than once on 11.1% of the fractions, while re‐imaging was necessary in 5.5% of the fractions using SGRT. The total treatment time, including setup, imaging, and delivery, for the three workflows was 531 ± 157 s, 503 ± 130 s and 457 ± 91 s, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the third workflow with the first two. The total residual rotational errors were 1.96 ± 1.29°, 1.28 ± 0.67° and 1.22 ± 0.76° and statistically significant differences were observed when comparing workflows with and without SGRT. Conclusions The use of SGRT allowed for a reduction of re‐imaging during patient setup and improved patient position accuracy by reducing residual rotational errors. A reduction in treatment time using kVCBCT with SGRT was observed. The most efficient workflow was the one including kVCBCT and SGRT for setup and VMAT for delivery.
Osteophytes of the Vertebral Column

A series of 400 vertebral columns of whites and Negroes of both sexes and of various ages were examined for the presence of osteophytes. These were classified according to four degrees of development. Osteophytes were first found in the twenties, and the proportion of affected spines increased directly thereafter. In the forties, 100 per cent of skeletons showed first-degree osteophytes. The other degrees of osteophytes were found in 100 per cent of skeletons of people who were over eighty years of age. The distribution of the osteophytes in the different regions of the spine, as well as their localization on each vertebral body, was found to follow characteristic patterns. The most outstanding features of these patterns were: 1. The incidence of osteophytes is greater on the anterior aspect than on the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. 2. Anterior or posterior osteophytes tend to develop more in the concavities of the normal vertebral column or within the concavities of scoliosis or kyphosis. 3. Peaks of regional distribution are seen and are related to the normal curvatures of the vertebral column and to the line of gravity crossing them. The presence of osteophytes on the superior or inferior borders of the vertebrae is also related to the spinal curvatures. These findings indicate that osteophytes tend to appear more where pressure is greatest. This leads to the concept that osteophytes develop as a defense mechanism in response to pressure. Further support for this theory is provided by the fact that osteophytes are composed of more compact, stronger bone than the rest of the vertebral body and by the fact that the form and position of the osteophytes on the vertebral body resemble the capitals and bases of pillars designed by architects to increase the resistance of these pillars to compression. The thoracic spine is characterized especially by the predominance of osteophytes on the right side, a distribution caused by the aorta which runs down on the left. This general pattern of development of osteophytes is similar in all the race and sex groups examined. However, some differences are found: In anterior osteophytes, whites of both sexes show a greater incidence than Negroes, but the difference is not significant; whereas males of both races show a greater prevalence than females, the difference being statistically significant. Regarding posterior osteophytes, a significantly higher incidence is found in whites of both sexes; the slightly higher incidence in males than in females of both races was found to be non-significant. The soft tissues into which osteophytes may grow and the different pathological conditions which may be produced by osteophytes pressing on viscera related to the vertebral column are reviewed.
Extrapulmonary Coccidioidomycosis Among Children in Central California: A Retrospective Review.

BACKGROUND The literature on pediatric extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis is limited. We reviewed the clinical course, diagnostic studies, treatment and outcomes of children with extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis followed at a tertiary care center in central California. METHODS Retrospective study of 78 patients ≤21 years old with extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis diagnosed over 10 years (1/1/07-12/31/16). RESULTS The median age was 9.7 years (interquartile range, 4.5-14.8). The majority of patients were males (55%), Hispanic (65%) and without comorbid conditions (85%). Over two-thirds (68%) had concurrent pulmonary disease. Organ involvements included bones and joints (33%), mediastinum (19%), central nervous system (19%), cervical lymph nodes (15%), larynx (6%) and skin (5%). Most cases (84%) resolved and/or became stable on maintenance therapy, 14% experienced relapse and/or progressive disease, and 2% were fatal. Children ≥10 years of age tended to have >1 site of involvement (47% vs. 25%, P = 0.06), and more relapsed/progressive/fatal disease (21% vs. 5%, P = 0.06) compared with those <10 years. They also required longer durations of treatment (median, 611 vs. 349 days, P = 0.02). Non-Hispanics were more likely to require >1 drug therapy (85% vs. 70%, P = 0.04) and tended to have Coccidioides complement fixation titers ≥1:32 (89% vs. 72%, P = 0.04) compared with Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS Extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis in children can be severe and spread to multiple sites and requires prolonged treatment. Non-Hispanics and those ≥10 years of age are more likely to experience severe disease, suggesting a need for early recognition and intervention in these populations.
Rare SUZ12 variants commonly cause an overgrowth phenotype

The Polycomb repressive complex 2 is an epigenetic writer and recruiter with a role in transcriptional silencing. Constitutional pathogenic variants in its component proteins have been found to cause two established overgrowth syndromes: Weaver syndrome (EZH2‐related overgrowth) and Cohen‐Gibson syndrome (EED‐related overgrowth). Imagawa et al. (2017) initially reported a singleton female with a Weaver‐like phenotype with a rare coding SUZ12 variant—the same group subsequently reported two additional affected patients. Here we describe a further 10 patients (from nine families) with rare heterozygous SUZ12 variants who present with a Weaver‐like phenotype. We report four frameshift, two missense, one nonsense, and two splice site variants. The affected patients demonstrate variable pre‐ and postnatal overgrowth, dysmorphic features, musculoskeletal abnormalities and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Some patients have genitourinary and structural brain abnormalities, and there may be an association with respiratory issues. The addition of these 10 patients makes a compelling argument that rare pathogenic SUZ12 variants frequently cause overgrowth, physical abnormalities, and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in the heterozygous state. Pathogenic SUZ12 variants may be de novo or inherited, and are sometimes inherited from a mildly‐affected parent. Larger samples sizes will be needed to elucidate whether one or more clinically‐recognizable syndromes emerge from different variant subtypes.
Contemporary Groups Are Always Random

Since 1970 when Dr. Henderson introduced the Northeast AI Sire Comparison model and methods to the world, herd-year-season effects (contemporary groups (CG) in that model) have been treated as fixed effects. This was based on Dr. Henderson’s selection bias theory in which the bias being considered was that the true sire genetic values were associated with the true herd-year-season (HYS) effects. That is, herds with better management effects on their cows tended to use the genetically higher valued sires on their cows to produce the first lactation daughters in a herd. Henderson naturally thought of herdyear-season effects as random (as discussed in a video from Kyoto, Japan in 1985), but his selection theory told him that either HYS or sire effects needed to be treated as fixed effects to eliminate the bias from the model. Because sire genetic values were more important at the time, he chose to make HYS fixed rather than sire effects. Subsequently, every genetic evaluation system has used fixed CG, even though it does not make sense to do so in all situations.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS: A REVIEW

Atherosclerosis is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the entire world. It is now established that hyperlipidaemia represents a major risk factor for the premature development of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications. The most common clinical manifestations are stroke and acute myocardial infarction, and in both of these events atherosclerosis is the underlying cause. Recently herbal hypolipidemics have gained importance to fill the lacunae created by the allopathic drugs. The hypolipidemic effect of some plants and herbs has been well studied and they were shown to be helpful in lowering plasma cholesterol levels and encouraging safety profile. In this paper an attempt has been made to give an overview of certain medicinal plants and herbs which have been studied for their hypolipidemic and Antiatherosclerotic activity.
P2P debt and the capital structure of private SMEs

This paper investigates the role of P2P (peer-to-peer) debt in the financing decisions of 1,001 unique firms that were financed by Funding Circle from 2010 to 2015. The firms are small (10-49 employees) with a median age of 11 years, virtually all are privately held, and two thirds of the debt raised has a maturity of 5 years. The econometric results indicate that firms’ debt ratios are sensitive to P2P debt and to firm characteristics like firm size, asset tangibility and debt composition, but less sensitive to firm profitability. The larger the target leverage deviations, the higher the probability of firms issuing or having P2P debt. There is evidence that capital expansion plays an important role in explaining increases in P2P debt. Our findings extend the traditional pecking order theory of capital structure as P2P debt can be considered as an additional new external debt source for private firms. They also show that, in line with the trade-off theory, UK private firms have higher leverage ratios due to the high cost of issuing equity capital. The overall conclusion is that P2P debt with a mean maturity of 4.3 years fills an important funding gap for small firms and that contributes to increased capital expenditures over the course of the immediate post-funding event years. JEL classification: D92, G32, L20
ELASTIC INTERPRETATION FOR SEDIMENT SHEET FLOWS

For the condition of high shear stresses, sediment particles can be transported in the form of sheet flows. Such collective motion of bed particles is described in this paper using a simple elastic model. The preliminary result shows that sediment transport rate for sheet flows is independent of sediment particle size, which generally agrees with previous observations. For comparison, it is also demonstrated that the effect of sediment size is not significant for sediment transport over a flat bed in laminar flows.
An In-Vivo Study on Pulsed Low-Dose-Rate Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the in-vivo tumor control efficacy of pulsed low-dose-rate (PLDR) radiotherapy for prostate cancer treatment. Materials & Methods: We implemented three in vivo murine models of prostate cancer, namely an orthotopic LNCaP tumor model, a flank PC-3 tumor model, and an orthotopic PC-3 tumor model. The tumor-bearing mice were treated with a daily radiation dose of 2 Gy with either PLDR or at a conventional dose rate. The tumor growth was monitored with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Results: For the orthotopic LNCaP tumor model and the flank PC-3 tumor model, we found that both PLDR and RT group tumors showed significant growth delay compared to the control group tumors. At two weeks after the first treatment, the difference between the mean tumor volume of the control group and the RT (PLDR) group was about 28% (25%) and 41% (43%) for the orthotopic LNCaP and flank PC-3 tumor models, respectively, with student t-test p values <0.05. However, there is no statistically significant difference between PLDR and RT groups. For the orthotopic PC-3 tumor model, we found that the PLDR treatment showed a better tumor control than conventional RT treatment. At two weeks after the first treatment, the difference between the mean tumor volume of the RT and the PLDR group tumors was about 31%, with student t-test p=0.02. Conclusion: This study showed that PLDR could control prostate tumors at least as effectively as conventional RT. Considering that PLDR could also lead to much less normal tissue toxicity than conventional RT, we expect PLDR to be a viable modality for the management of recurrent prostate cancers.
Insider Trading and Investor Sentiment

This paper provides evidence that corporate insiders consider investors’ sentiment toward their firms in their trades. Using turnover ratio and option implied volatility as proxies for firm-specific sentiment, we show that insiders in low-sentiment firms are more likely to purchase their own stocks than those in high-sentiment firms. This role of firm-specific sentiment for insider trading behavior remains significant in the presence of other factors as well as in various subsamples sorted on firm characteristics. Also, we find that insider purchases in low-sentiment firms and sales in high-sentiment firms are more profitable. These results suggest that insiders attempt to exploit the misvaluation of their own firms based on public information about firm-specific investor sentiment.
Lower Body Parkinsonism Patients: Increased Blood Flow in Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Introduction: Lower Body Parkinsonism (LBP) is a bilateral, symmetric lower limbs Parkinsonism without a resting tremor, a poor L-dopa response and with a minimal upper limbs involvement. Patients usually demonstrate gait difficulties due to freezing gait and falls, causing a major grade of disability when compared to idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease patients (PD). Small vessel disease has been related to the pathophysiology of this type of secondary Parkinsonism. We decided to study the hemodynamic characteristics of the cerebral arteries of patients affected with LBP and compare them to PD patients using a Transcranial Doppler. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 12 LBP, 15 PD patients and 15 agematched healthy control subjects. A Transcranial Doppler was performed on patients and subjects in order to determine the systolic and diastolic velocities and pulsatility index (PI) in the anterior and posterior circuit cerebral arteries. Results: The LBP patients consisted of 7 men and 5 females; mean age 74 years; Hoenh and Yarh stages 2 and 3. PD patients consisted of 9 males and 6 females; mean age 70 years; Hoehn and yahr stages 2 and 3. LBP patients showed a mean systolic velocity of 193 cm/s, diastolic velocity 64cm/s and PI 2.22 (p: 0.01) in the Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA), The remaining cerebral arteries showed normal velocities and PI in LBP and PD patients as well as in normal subjects. Conclusion: The LBP patients of this study showed a statistically significant difference in the mean systolic velocity and PI of the PCA compared to PD patients and normal subjects.
The Role of Work Resources between Job Demands and Burnout in Male Nurses.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the regulation role of work resources in male nurses' job burnout and job demands. BACKGROUND Burnout syndrome affect a wide range of nurses. Although burnout and turnover rate has drawn many researchers' attention, little is known of work characteristics that may cause a high burnout and turnover rate in male nurses. DESIGN A survey design was used. METHOD A total of 366 male nurses in Guangzhou hospitals were included in this survey using the Burnout Scale (MBI-GS) and the Job demands Resource Scale. Data were processed by hierarchical regression analysis. （Followed the STROBE checklist） RESULTS: The male nurse's MBI score was (2.72 ± 1.02). Job demands affected the severity of male nurses' job burnout. Work resources are in a low level, especially at the social support, reward and skill diversity. The regression coefficients β of job demands, work resources, and interaction items of job demands and work resources were 0.277, 0.314 and -0.006, respectively, and both passed the significance test (p < .01). ). The new explanatory quantity ΔR2 after introducing the interaction between job demands and working resources was also statistically significant (ΔR2 = 0.254, p < .01). CONCLUSION Male nurses are at a mild level of job burnout and work resources are in shortage. Work resources play a regulating role in job demands and burnout. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The mild burnout may be a surface phenomenon or was a sign of trend of male nurses' intention to leave the job. Managers should pay attention to the emotional needs and mental health problems of male nurses' work environment.
Circulating IGF1 and IGF2 and SNP genotypes in pregnant and non-pregnant women and men

Circulating IGF1 and IGF2 and SNP genotypes in pregnant and non-pregnant women and men. 1 2 KL Gatford, GK Heinemann, SD Thompson, JV Zhang, S Buckberry, JA Owens, GA Dekker and CT 3 Roberts on behalf of the SCOPE Consortium 4 5 Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of 6 Adelaide SA 5005, Australia 7 8 Corresponding author (to whom reprint requests should be addressed): 9 Prof Claire Roberts 10 School of Paediatrics & Reproductive Health 11 University of Adelaide SA 5005 12 AUSTRALIA 13 Phone: +61 8 8313 3118 14 Fax: +61 8 8313 4099 15 Email: claire.roberts@adelaide.edu. au 16 17 Short running title: Circulating IGFs and SNPs in pregnancy 18
Labor market sorting and health insurance system design

This paper develops and estimates a life‐cycle equilibrium labor search model in which heterogeneous firms determine health insurance provisions and heterogeneous workers sort themselves into jobs with different compensation packages over the life cycle. I study the optimal joint design of major policies in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the implications of targeting these policies to certain individuals. Compared with the health insurance system under the ACA, the optimal structure lowers the tax benefit of employer‐sponsored health insurance and makes individual insurance more attractive to younger workers. Through changes in firms' insurance provisions, a greater number of younger workers sort into individual markets, which contributes to improving the risk pool in individual insurance and lowering the uninsured risk.
Dollar Funding, Bank Currency Mismatch, and the Transmission of Exchange Rate Policy∗

This paper studies a novel transmission channel for exchange rate policy in emerging markets that acts through financial institutions. According to this “credit-supply channel,” banks in emerging markets fund themselves in U.S. dollars, lend in the local currency, and bear foreign exchange risk if hedging is imperfect. This currency mismatch exposes banks to exchange rate fluctuations and makes economies vulnerable to adverse global financial conditions. To ascertain the significance of this transmission mechanism, I focus on the large and unanticipated currency depreciation episode following the U.S. Fed’s decision to taper the size of its security purchase and exploit the heterogeneity in banks’ pre-determined exposure to currency risk. Using loan level data in Taiwan during 2012-15, I provide evidence that the effect of depreciation on credit supply is contractionary. Banks with higher net USD liability cut more lending and were less likely to extend credit to firms with which they had pre-existing relationships. In turn, firms with more dependence on the highly mismatched banks hardly switched to alternative funding sources and disproportionately decreased investment and employment as compared to other firms that relied less on these banks. I find that the credit-supply effects of depreciation on investment and employment are both economically and statistically significant. The extent to which the credit-supply channel contributes to the overall effect of the exchange rate policy is shown to be sizeable when the competing channels—namely, the exporter trade channel and the corporate credit constraint channel—are taken into account. ∗I am extremely grateful to my advisors Martin Uribe, Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé and Jesse Schreger for their constant guidance, support and encouragement. I would like to thank Hassan Afrouzi, Andres Drenik, Matthieu Gomez, Émilien Gouin-Bonenfant, Harrison Hong, Martina Jasova, Jennifer La’O, Hanno Lustig, Laura Castillo Martinez, José Scheinkman, Shang-Jin Wei and my colleagues for their valuable comments. I thank the participants in the Economic Fluctuation Colloquium, the Financial Economics Colloquium, and the Monetary Colloquium at Columbia University. All errors are my own. †Department of Economics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, ml3689@columbia.edu
Prevalence of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia among Adult Inpatients at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in adult inpatients and to evaluate the use of insulin sliding scale in preventing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. A cross-sectional study was performed between May 1- 7, 2012 on adult inpatients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, documenting the patients’ blood glucose values and the method of blood glucose management. Data were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Excel. Of the 280 included inpatients, the overall prevalence of diabetes and hyperglycemia was 39.3%. For patients with type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of severe hyperglycemia was 38.5% versus 17.6% in those with type 2 diabetes (P-value = 0.0001). Hypoglycemia was more prevalent among patients with type 1 diabetes (38.5%) compared to patients with type 2 diabetes (14.1%) (P-value = 0.0001). The type of insulin regimen used did not significantly affect the prevalence of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. The high prevalence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia among adult inpatients with diabetes and hyperglycemia indicates poor control of blood glucose levels, suggesting an urgent need to review the methods used in controlling blood glucose levels in inpatients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.