Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of water level control using gain scheduling PID back calculation integrator Anti Windup

Conventional PID controller is a simplest known controller and has been used in almost all process industries for controlling process parameter at desired set point. However, the weakness of the controller is largely depend on the parameter of the controlled object. As the dynamics process of a water tank is nonlinear, it also has nonlinear behaviour between the input and output. This paper demonstrates that Gain Scheduling PID with Back Calculation Integrator Antiwindup enables to enhance the response of automatic water level control system performance. A mathematical model of a first order tank system is considered and simulated to determine fine tunes and schedules for the controller parameter based on trial and error experiment so as to adapt with all operating points. The system performance comparison of various setpoint given to the system is performed to prove that the Gain Scheduling PID with Back Calculation Integrator Antiwindup outpaces conventional PID controller.
Multinational study in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: association of age, ketoacidosis, HLA status, and autoantibodies on residual beta‐cell function and glycemic control 12 months after diagnosis

HB Mortensen, PGF Swift, RW Holl, P Hougaard, L Hansen, H Bjoerndalen, CE de Beaufort, M Knip. Multinational study in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: association of age, ketoacidosis, HLA status, and autoantibodies on residual beta‐cell function and glycemic control 12 months after diagnosis.
A supramodal limbic‐paralimbic‐neocortical network supports goal‐directed stimulus processing

Limited processing resources are allocated preferentially to events that are relevant for behavior. Research using the novelty “oddball” paradigm suggests that a widespread network of limbic, paralimbic, and association areas supports the goal‐directed processing of task‐relevant target events. In that paradigm, greater activity in diverse brain areas is elicited by rare task‐relevant events that require a subsequent motor response than by rare task‐irrelevant novel events that require no response. Both stimulus infrequency (unexpectedness) and novelty, however, may contribute to the pattern of activity observed using that paradigm. The goal of the present study was to examine the supramodal neural activity elicited by regularly occurring, equiprobable, and non‐novel stimuli that differed in the subsequent behavior they prescribed. We employed event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during auditory and visual versions of a Go/NoGo task. Participants made a motor response to the designated “Go” (target) stimulus, and no motor response to the equiprobable “NoGo” (nontarget) stimulus. We hypothesized that task‐relevant Go events would elicit relatively greater hemodynamic activity than would NoGo events throughout a network of limbic, paralimbic, and association areas. Indeed, Go events elicited greater activity than did NoGo events in the amygdala‐hippocampus, paralimbic cortex at the anterior superior temporal sulcus, insula, posterior orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as in heteromodal association areas located at the temporoparietal junction, anterior intraparietal sulcus and precuneus, and premotor cortex. Paralimbic cortex offers an important site for the convergence of motivational/goal‐directed influences from limbic cortex with stimulus processing and response selection mediated within the frontoparietal areas. Hum Brain Mapp 24: 35–49, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth Month and Risk of Glioma in Adults: A Registry‐Based Study in Bavaria

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible seasonality of birth in adult patients suffering from glioma. For this purpose, data from the database of the population‐based cancer registry of Bavaria (Germany) were retrieved. For the period 2002–2005, we identified a total of 2174 patients born between 1931 and 1986 diagnosed with malignant glioma. Statistical analyses failed to document a significant annual periodicity of glioma risk in either men or women with respect to birth month in the observed cohort. Thus, we found no association between month of birth and the risk of glioma. In contrast, an analysis of the official birth rate data of Bavaria revealed marked annual variation in birth rates up until 1965, which decreased markedly in prominence in the years thereafter. Our findings confirm the results of a recent similar study conducted in The Netherlands. Therefore, we support the hypothesis of possible etiological factors of glioma acting in adulthood rather than in the perinatal period.
Lack of correlation between phenotype and genotype in untreated 21‐hydroxylase‐deficient Indonesian patients

Background Mutations in CYP21A2 lead to deficiency of 21‐hydroxylase and can have either severe or moderate effects on phenotype, which can be prevented by early treatment. We studied long‐term effects of this deficiency on phenotype in patients who had not been treated for prolonged periods and correlated these phenotypes with the mutations found in our patients.
Robust and Low Complexity Hybrid Beamforming for Uplink Multiuser MmWave MIMO Systems

In a millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, a large number of antennas can be placed into a very limited space. It is not practical to equip each antenna with one independent radio frequency (RF) chain. Fortunately, the hybrid analog/digital beamforming (HBF) can be utilized to greatly reduce the number of RF chains, while providing an acceptable performance. However, the conventional multiuser MIMO beamforming algorithms cannot be directly applied to the mmWave system with HBF structure. In this letter, based on the idea that interuser interference reduction should be done for both analog beamforming and digital beamforming, we propose a novel HBF algorithm for the uplink multiuser scenario, which has low computational complexity. Simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm performs very close to the full digital algorithm, and its robustness is verified by comparisons with other existing algorithms under two different channel assumptions.
Ligand Binding to Anion-binding Exosites Regulates Conformational Properties of Thrombin*

Background: Thrombin utilizes active site and anion-binding exosites (ABE) to fulfill diverse roles. Results: ABE I ligands PAR3(44–56), PAR1(49–62), and Hirudin(54–65) exert different effects on thrombin exosite-active site and exosite-exosite interactions. More consequences occur with added PPACK and ABE II ligands. Conclusion: Thrombin employs ligands to transmit unique events across the enzyme. Significance: Ligand binding may be tailored to therapeutically regulate multifunctional thrombin. Thrombin participates in coagulation, anticoagulation, and initiation of platelet activation. To fulfill its diverse roles and maintain hemostasis, this serine protease is regulated via the extended active site region and anion-binding exosites (ABEs) I and II. For the current project, amide proton hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to characterize ligand binding to individual exosites and to investigate the presence of exosite-active site and exosite-exosite interactions. PAR3(44–56) and PAR1(49–62) were observed to bind to thrombin ABE I and then to exhibit long range effects over to ABE II. By contrast, Hirudin(54–65) focused more on ABE I and did not transmit influences over to ABE II. Although these three ligands were each directed to ABE I, they did not promote the same conformational consequences. d-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone inhibition at the thrombin active site led to further local and long range consequences to thrombin-ABE I ligand complexes with the autolysis loop often most affected. When Hirudin(54–65) was bound to ABE I, it was still possible to bind GpIbα(269–286) or fibrinogen γ′(410–427) to ABE II. Each ligand exerted its predominant influences on thrombin and also allowed interexosite communication. The results obtained support the proposal that thrombin is a highly dynamic protein. The transmission of ligand-specific local and long range conformational events is proposed to help regulate this multifunctional enzyme.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Flood Defense Projects and Productivity Potential Issues

ABSTRACT:Flood defense (FD) projects are often evaluated from an engineering perspective in terms of flood frequency/flood risk assessment overlooking the productivity potential of the projects from an economic perspective. This is a limitation of the conventional assessment of flood defense projects that productivity potentials are not considered when they are evaluated. Although it is an established fact, FD projects affect the productivity of the production units/farms with them. Modified hydrological conditions of the production environments under the FD projects primarily bring about the changes in farm productivity. Hence, evaluation of FD projects without considering their productivity potential would provide a ‘partial assessment’ and it leaves room for polarization among stakeholders. This paper, however, addresses this limitation by evaluating FD projects form an economic perspective where productivity potentials of the FD schemes are taken into consideration. Two distinct indicators of productivity e.g., ‘technical efficiency’ and ‘yield-gap’ are used here. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) is engaged to estimate technical efficiency while a standard formula (developed by a synthesis between the ideas of ‘efficiency gap’ and ‘potential yield’) is used to measure yield-gap. This empirical study considers two contrasting FD projects, namely, the traditional flood defense (TFD) and the natural flood defense (NFD), implemented in the Southwest coastal zone of Bangladesh. These projects are evaluated with respect to rice production and the study results reveal that mean scores of technical efficiency for the TFD and NFD projects are respectively 0.78 and 0.76 while average yield-gaps are 719.18 and 807.33 in order. Again, ‘yield-gap ratio’ and the difference between the ‘potential yield increments’ are 1.12 and 2.84 respectively. These findings indicate that TFD project outperforms the NFD project marginally with respect to their productivity potentials. However, assessment of FD projects from engineering and economic perspectives provides a comprehensive evaluation which can resolve or at least attenuate the debate (if any) over the appropriateness of alternative projects and thereby prevents unnecessary delay in project implementation which has economic and policy implications.
Extended prophylaxis with bemiparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancer: the CANBESURE randomized study

Summary. Background: There is not enough clinical evidence to make a strong recommendation on the optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis using low‐molecular weight heparins (LMWH) in patients undergoing major cancer surgery. Patients and methods: CANBESURE is a randomized, double‐blind study which enrolled patients admitted for abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancer. They received 3500 IU of bemiparin subcutaneously once daily for 8 days and were then randomized to receive either bemiparin or placebo for 20 additional days. Bilateral venography was performed after 20 days and evaluated blinded. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), non‐fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) and all‐cause mortality at the end of double‐blind period. Major venous thromboembolism (proximal deep‐vein thrombosis, non‐fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thromboembolism‐related deaths) was also evaluated. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Results: Six hundred and twenty‐five and 488 patients were included in the safety and main efficacy analyzes, respectively. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 25 out of 248 patients (10.1%) in the bemiparin group and 32 out of 240 (13.3%) in the placebo group (relative risk reduction 24.4%; 95% CI: −23.7–53.8%; P = 0.26). At the end of double‐blind period, major venous thromboembolism occurred in 2 (0.8%) and 11 (4.6%) patients, respectively (relative risk reduction 82.4%; 95% CI: 21.5–96.1%; P = 0.010). No significant difference was found in major bleedings. Conclusions: Four weeks compared with 1 week of prophylaxis with bemiparin after abdominal or pelvic cancer surgery did not significantly reduce the primary efficacy outcome, but decreased major venous thromboembolism (VTE) without increasing hemorrhagic complications.
Design Thinking in Social Organizations: Understanding the Role of User Engagement

Design thinking has recently gained significant attention as a potential approach to address major global problems. Although its practice is proven to contribute to advance organizational efficiency and address user needs, lack of understanding about its practice in social organizations limits our understanding about its social context. With this background, we study how users persuade social organizations to adopt design thinking. We conducted a qualitative study in four social organizations in India during 2008–2013 and interviewed 38 respondents to answer our research question. Our results indicate that the designer roles are blurred when social organizations adopt design thinking, where users in the form of interconnecting agency reduce the gap between designers and communities.
Successful Use of Donepezil for the Treatment of Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

The risk of psychosis among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is high, and the management of these patients remains a substantial problem for physicians. Atypical antipsychotics, despite their advantages over conventional antipsychotics, can cause different side effects and deterioration of PD. Several reports have suggested that donepezil can be helpful in the treatment of psychotic conditions in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. This report presents the results of preliminary study of six patients (four women, two men; age range, 60–75 years) with PD (range of duration, 3–7 years) and dementia complicated by psychosis. All patients were treated with antiparkinsonian therapy, and donepezil was added to their regular treatment. The severity of the psychotic symptoms was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, and extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed using the Simpson–Angus Scale. With the addition of donepezil (as much as 10 mg/day) to their constant antiparkinsonian treatment, five patients had clinically significant (more than 53%) improvement on the assessment scale, and one patient had minimal (24%) improvement after 6 weeks of the treatment. None of the patients had side effects or deterioration of parkinsonian symptoms. The results suggest that donepezil may ameliorate psychotic symptoms in patients with PD, but this will need to be tested further in controlled, double-blind trials.
Disinvesting in the Future?: A Comprehensive Examination of the Effects of State Appropriations for Public Higher Education

In aggregate, state appropriations are the largest revenue source for public higher education in the United States. However, these appropriations have significantly declined over past decades, drawing serious concerns about the potential negative impact on schools and students. This paper provides a more comprehensive study of the effects of state appropriations than previous research, while explicitly exploring and testing the heterogeneity of the effects by institutional type. It finds strong evidence of the negative effects of state appropriation cuts in the areas of tuition and fees, student financial aid, instructional and other school expenditures, and degree completion. Community colleges, which serve the most undergraduates but have not been well studied by past research, are shown to be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of state funding cuts.
Bacillus subtilis RghR (YvaN) represses rapG and rapH, which encode inhibitors of expression of the srfA operon

Rap proteins regulate the activity of response regulators including Spo0F, DegU and ComA. We found that overexpression of either RapG or RapH severely downregulated the expression of srfA, which belongs to the ComA regulon. Disruption of those genes, however, showed small effects on srfA expression. These observations suggested that Bacillus subtilis cells possess a repressor for rapG and rapH. To identify candidate repressors we developed a novel transcription factor array (TF array) assay, in which disruptions of 287 genes encoding regulatory proteins were independently transformed into a strain carrying rapH–lacZ and the resultant transformants were grown on agar plates containing Xgal to detect β‐galactosidase activity. We identified a yvaN disruptant which showed a rapH‐overproducing phenotype. DNA microarray analysis of the yvaN mutant suggested that both rapG and rapH were overproduced, leading to inhibition of srfA expression. In a gel retardation assay, purified His‐tagged YvaN specifically bound to promoter sequences of rapG and rapH. Further footprint and gel retardation analyses using various deleted probes uncovered critical sequences for YvaN binding. In addition, a lacZ fusion analysis confirmed the significance of YvaN binding for transcription regulation of rapG and rapH. Thus, YvaN was renamed RghR (rapG and rapH repressor). As the rapH gene is activated by ComK and RapH inhibits comK indirectly, this constitutes an autoregulatory loop modulated by RghR.
Cerebellar theta oscillations are synchronized during hippocampal theta-contingent trace conditioning

The hippocampus and cerebellum are critically involved in trace eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC). The mechanisms underlying the hippocampal-cerebellar interaction during this task are not well-understood, although hippocampal theta (3–7 Hz) oscillations are known to reflect a favorable state for EBCC. Two groups of rabbits received trace EBCC in which a brain-computer interface administered trials in either the explicit presence or absence of naturally occurring hippocampal theta. A high percentage of robust theta led to a striking enhancement of learning accompanied by rhythmic theta-band (6–7 Hz) oscillations in the interpositus nucleus (IPN) and cerebellar cortex that were time-locked both to hippocampal rhythms and sensory stimuli during training. Rhythmic oscillations were absent in the cerebellum of the non-theta group. These data strongly suggest a beneficial impact of theta-based coordination of hippocampus and cerebellum and, importantly, demonstrate that hippocampal theta oscillations can be used to index, and perhaps modulate, the functional properties of the cerebellum.
The radioimmunoassay of angiotensin II

Specific antibody against free angiotensin II has been raised in high titre by immunizing rabbits with angiotensin II amide (‘Hypertensin’, Ciba) adsorbed on to micro-particles of carbon. The material was injected either parenterally or directly into lymph nodes and spleen. A radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 30 pg of angiotensin II has been developed, and extended for use in the estimation of angiotensin in circulating plasma. The validity of this application of the assay has been established in experiments where plasma levels of this hormone were studied in relation to the intravenous infusion of Val5-angiotensin II amide in humans. Present results of the investigation of the circulating plasma angiotensin II levels in various physiological and pathological states are presented.
Risk Factors for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Inner‐City Adolescents

Objective: To determine risk factors associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among inner‐city adolescents. Study Design: A case‐control study was performed from 1994 to 1997 in an inner‐city hospital. Methods: Seventy‐one adolescent girls diagnosed with PID and 52 sexually active adolescents girls without PID participated in a confidential face‐to‐face interview using a questionnaire about risk behaviors. Established criteria were used for the diagnosis of PID. Data were analyzed using t tests, chi‐square tests, and stepwise logistic regression. Results: Persons with PID were significantly more likely to show younger age at first intercourse, older sex partners, involvement with a child protection agency, prior suicide attempt(s), consumption of alcohol before last sex, and a current Chlamydia trachomatis infection. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding number of lifetime sex partners, condom use, rape, syphilis, prior PID, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV infection. Conclusions: Not previously noted in the literature are the association of PID with older sex partners, prior involvement in a child protection agency, and a prior suicide attempt. Confirming prior studies are the association of PID with earlier age at first sex, alcohol use, and C trachomatis infection.
Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2000, featuring the uses of surveillance data for cancer prevention and control.

BACKGROUND The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to update cancer rates and trends in the United States. This report updates statistics on lung, female breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers and highlights the uses of selected surveillance data to assist development of state-based cancer control plans. METHODS Age-adjusted incidence rates from 1996 through 2000 are from state and metropolitan area cancer registries that met NAACCR criteria for highest quality. Death rates are based on underlying cause-of-death data. Long-term trends and rates for major racial and ethnic populations are based on NCI and CDC data. Incidence trends from 1975 through 2000 were adjusted for reporting delays. State-specific screening and risk factor survey data are from the CDC and other federal and private organizations. RESULTS Cancer incidence rates for all cancer sites combined increased from the mid-1970s through 1992 and then decreased from 1992 through 1995. Observed incidence rates for all cancers combined were essentially stable from 1995 through 2000, whereas the delay-adjusted trend showed an increase that had borderline statistical significance (P =.05). Increases in the incidence rates of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men offset a long-term decrease in lung cancer in men. Death rates for all cancer sites combined decreased beginning in 1994 and stabilized from 1998 through 2000, resulting in part from recent revisions in cause-of-death codes. Death rates among men continued to decline throughout the 1990s, whereas trends in death rates among women were essentially unchanged from 1998 through 2000. Analysis of state data for the leading cancers revealed mixed progress in achieving national objectives for improving cancer screening, risk factor reduction, and decreases in mortality. CONCLUSIONS Overall cancer incidence and death rates began to stabilize in the mid- to late 1990s. The recent increase in the delay-adjusted trend will require monitoring with additional years of data. Further reduction in the burden of cancer is possible but will require the continuation of strong federal, state, local, and private partnerships to increase dissemination of evidence-based cancer control programs to all segments of the population.