Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social and Non-social Reward: A Preliminary Examination of Clinical Improvement and Neural Reactivity in Adolescents Treated With Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression

Background Pediatric anxiety and depression are highly prevalent and debilitating disorders that often co-occur. Neural circuitry of reward processing has been shown to be implicated in both, and there is an emerging evidence base linking treatment response to brain patterns of reward processing. The current study aimed to add to this literature by investigating the association between clinical improvement and social and non-social reward in youth previously treated for anxiety and depression. Methods The current study leveraged clinical improvement data from a successful randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a transdiagnostic, brief behavioral treatment for youth diagnosed with anxiety or depression. Participants (N = 15) interested in engaging in a neuroimaging follow-up underwent an fMRI scan, during which they completed social (i.e., Face Task) and non-social (i.e., Piñata Task, a youth-friendly monetary incentive delay task) reward tasks. Whole-brain activation and functional connectivity analyses identified neural responses to the tasks separately; a third set of analyses directly compared clinical improvement-related findings to understand the impact of task context on neural reactivity to reward. Results Activation-based findings were sparse; however, connectivity as a function of degree of treatment response was apparent and robust. Within the context of social reward, significant clusters within frontal and temporal regions driven by happy face contrasts, the social reward stimulus, were observed. This supports connectivity between these regions and both amygdala and ventral striatum seeds as a function of degree of clinical improvement. Connectivity within the context of non-social reward also yielded significant clusters in temporal and parietal regions. Here too, the magnitude and direction of region coupling depended on the degree of clinical improvement and the task conditions. No differences in connectivity by task type as a function of clinical improvement were found. Conclusion Findings serve as preliminary evidence that neural regions found to be related to clinical improvement within the context of social and non-social reward are similar to regions that have been shown to support reward processing in normative samples. Implications for treatment and future work are discussed.
Integrating internal branding antecedents, customer and job satisfaction in the public sector

Purpose The implementation of marketing concepts to the public sector is still a relatively new topic for researchers and practitioners. Moreover, although branding has become more prominent in the public sector, its role with employees is under explored. Following a review of internal branding and marketing literature in the private sector, the purpose of this study is enrich and contribute to the internal branding concept and the literature by expanding its insightful knowledge beyond that of the Western school of thought to the UAE government sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a quantitative survey conducted among 304 public sector employees. These were measured on a five-point Likert scale. To test the model and the hypothesized relationships among the constructs of the model, structural equation modeling was used. Findings The strength of the relationship between the constructs indicates that features of the suggested internal branding model are crucial to achieving both employee and customer satisfaction in the public sector. Originality/value This study provides new theoretical grounds for studying internal branding in the public sector. It also supplies public sector organizations with a number of operative factors that may be essential if they are to provide enhanced satisfaction to public needs. It further contributes to the existing body of knowledge by expanding its knowledge beyond the Western school of thoughts as the study is about a non-Western government culture. Finally, it is probably the first to provide an integrative perspective of internal branding constructs in the public sector.
A Systematic Review of Leadership Definitions, Competencies, and Assessment Methods in Pharmacy Education

Objective. To characterize leadership definitions, competencies, and assessment methods used in pharmacy education, based on a systematic review of the literature. Findings. After undergoing title, abstract, and full-text review, 44 (10%) of 441 articles identified in the initial search were included in this report. Leadership or an aspect of leadership was defined in 37 (84%) articles, and specific leadership competencies were listed or described in 40 (91%) articles. The most common definitions of leadership involved motivating others toward the achievement of a specific goal and leading organizational change. Definitions of leadership in some articles required that individuals hold a formal leadership position whereas others did not. Only two leadership competencies were related to specific areas of knowledge. Most of the competencies identified were interpersonal and self-management skills. In terms of assessment, only one (2.3%) article assessed leadership effectiveness, and none assessed leadership development. Of the remaining 24 (55%) articles that included some type of assessment, most involved behavioral-based tools assessing individual attributes conceptually related to leadership (eg, strengths, emotional intelligence), or self-assessments regarding whether learning objectives in a leadership course had been met. Summary. Definitions for leadership in pharmacy varied considerably, as did leadership competencies. Most conceptualizations of leadership resembled a combination of established approaches rather than being grounded in a specific theory. If leadership development is to remain a focus within accreditation standards for Doctor of Pharmacy education, a consistent framework for operationalizing it is needed.
Age-Related Differences in Executive, Social and Creative Cognition in Neurologically Healthy Adults

Despite evidence of aging-related decline in frontal lobe and associated executive cognitive functions, findings in relation to social and creative cognition have been inconclusive. The present study examined executive, social and creative cognition, as well as crystallized and fluid intelligence, in a community sample of 88 neurologically healthy participants (61 females, 27 males) ranging in age from 25 to 85 years, with the goal of detecting agingrelated differences in these cognitive domains. Social cognition was operationalized using a Theory of Mind task. Creative cognition was operationalized using verbal and non-verbal idea fluency tasks. Executive cognition was operationalized via the Stroop and Wisconsin Card Sorting tests. Although the indices of executive cognition and fluid intelligence showed expected age-related differences, creative cognition showed no relationship with age, and performance on the social cognition task appeared to be compensated for by age-related increase in crystallized intelligence. Despite the issue of cohort effects, results are consistent with the notion that compensatory processes may help maintain social and creative cognitive functioning in normal aging.
Adaptive Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing attention from researchers due to their wide range of applications. Main aim of deploying WSNs based applications is to make real time decision. As WSNs are highly resource constraint, it is difficult to make computation on huge volume of sensed data. Clustering has always been a basic method to organize large number of objects into suitable groups. Clustering in WSNs helps in network scalability, conserve the communication bandwidth, and increase the networks life time. In addition to these advantages, clustering is now an active area of research in WSNs. Most of the existing clustering techniques in literature are based on network topology or distribution of the sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an adaptive clustering protocol that exploits spatial and temporal correlation among the sensor based upon sensed data.
The Reintegration of Young Mothers in Northern Uganda: Considering Post-War Spaces for Change

Over 12,000 girls and women were abducted during Uganda’s civil war (1986-2007), and many were forced to be wives. When these young women returned home, they were marginalized by their communities for their participation in the war and having had children out of wedlock. Reintegration programs were created as a means to improve relationships with the community, help youth process the trauma from the war, and develop the skills necessary for a livelihood. Research demonstrates that these programs tend to use deficit-based approaches, essentialize young women as “victims,” and pathologize their experiences. Furthermore, the programs do not involve the young women in decisions that concern them. There is a need to create reintegration programs grounded in a critical understanding of marginalization and the barriers these women face at all levels of the socio-ecology. This project examines three different approaches to the post-war reintegration of war-affected and formerly abducted young mothers in Northern Uganda, as well as the social, political, and cultural barriers to reintegration. Hall’s (1994/1999/2004) theory of marginalization and Cornwall and Coelho’s (2007) notion of social spaces were used in order to frame this comparison. Each approach or space was assessed on how well it enhanced three factors: competent functioning, social inclusion, and financial stability. Using ethnographic methods, the first approach I investigated consisted was “formal or closed spaces,” namely two reintegration programs headed by NGOs. The second approach was a “created space” developed by 20 young mothers, community members, elders, and myself. Using participatory action research, we collectively created a self-directed, peer-support model of reintegration. The third space was “claimed” by a local group of women who supported each other, saved together, and borrowed money from their group to expand their businesses. This study revealed the need for programs to take a socio-ecological approach to reintegration and to address the structural barriers such as patriarchal values that keep women in poverty. Based on findings concerning the interconnectedness of the three success factors, the benefits of using participatory processes and considering the nature of social spaces, recommendations and a new model for reintegration are put forward.
Time to read: Exploring the timespaces of subscription-based audiobooks

With remediation of the printed book into audiobook subscription services, reading by listening is becoming a popular alternative to reading by seeing. This article explores when people read by listening and whether there may be a shift regarding the places and times people read by listening rather than by seeing. Based on a considerable dataset from a Swedish subscription service for digital books, this article reveals that audiobook reading takes place at somewhat different times than expected and that subscribers read significant amounts each day. The findings indicate that the remediation into reading by listening using digital audiobooks may close the gender gap common in reading, as the reading practices of men and women are very similar, with men even reading slightly more than women. The reading practices of young adults are also similar to the larger population. Furthermore, the concepts stationary reading, mobile reading and stationary/mobile reading are introduced.
Investigating crucial factors affecting pharmacy students’ intention to work in rural area: A quantitative approach

Article history: Received: January 15 2019 Received in revised format: May 15 2019 Accepted: June 17, 2019 Available online: June 17, 2019 Maldistribution of skilled health workers between urban and rural area, especially pharmacist has become a global phenomenon. Not only the developing countries but also the developed country like the United States has been facing the same issue for a decades. Thus, many researchers have been trying to figure it out the reasons behind this occurrence. In their studies, most of the researchers agreed that fresh graduates from pharmacy school were willing to work in the rural area. Therefore the primary aim of this study is to identify the important factors that can affect pharmacy students’ intention to work in rural area. Additionally, this study also tests the mediating effect of interest on the intention to work in the rural area of pharmacy students. A conceptual model is developed based on the two popular theories; namely theory of individual behavior and theory of interest. This model consists of three independent and one mediating and dependent variable. A quantitative approach is used to test the hypotheses. With a structured questionnaire, this study is managed to get 675 students from different pharmacy schools. Multiple regression and Sobel tests are applied to test the direct and mediating effect. Results show that two out of three had a significant direct effect on pharmacy students’ intention to work in rural area. Similarly, a mediating effect also reveals the same. Based on the results, it is clear that predisposing variable is the most important for the pharmacy students’ interest to work in the rural area. The finding of this study, indeed, fills the paucity of the empirical evidence regarding pharmacy students’ working intention to the rural area, especially in the Indonesian context. Based on the findings, this study provides several recommendations for the government as well as pharmacy curricula developer. © 2019 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Girl Guides, Athletes, and Educators: Women and the National Body in Late Colonial Algeria

abstract:Algeria is often seen as a major instance of women's emancipation in the Middle East of the mid-twentieth century. Whereas the scholarly focus has often been on colonial policies, French views, or the female participation in the war of independence, this article looks at the impact that new bodily practices, such as scouting and sports, had on gender relations within Muslim Algerian society during the last three decades of French rule. It contrasts the reformist discourse of the Islamic islah movement on women's "emancipation" and education with the aspirations of young women themselves who started to challenge patriarchal authority.
An Investigation of Attitudes towards the Research Activities of University Teachers.

The purpose of this analytical descriptive study was to investigate the attitudes of university teachers towards their research activities. Faculty of the public sector general universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was the population of the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 240 faculty members from six randomly selected universities. An attitude scale based on five point Likert technique was developed with the help of experts and related literature. Validity of the instrument was ensured by consulting experienced professors and experts in the field. Reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.76. Items of the rating scale were classified into six domains research orientation, rewards influence research, personal interest, mission of university, research use, and research anxiety. For analysis, different statistical tools such as mean ratings, chi-square (χ), Pearson values, and one way analysis of variance (F test) were employed. University teachers showed positive attitudes towards research. Incentives played pivotal role in enhancing interest in scholarly activities. Research anxiety did not hamper intellectual activities of the faculty though significant number of the sample considered research stressful.
A correlational study on attachment dimensions, academic performance and self-regulated learning of university students in South Africa

ABSTRACT An association between attachment and academic performance appears to be consistently found in children; however, reports on such an association in adolescents are contradictory. This study aimed to determine whether the attachment dimensions of anxiety or avoidance significantly correlate with a student’s academic performance at university. Moreover, since individual differences in attachment index distinct self-regulatory capacities, this study aimed to determine whether any correlation exists between a student’s attachment dimensions and measures of self-regulated learning. Attachment dimensions were determined by the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire, while self-regulated learning was determined by the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, in a sample of university students (n = 185). Neither attachment dimensions correlated significantly with measures of academic performance. However, attachment dimensions did significantly correlate with measures of self-regulated learning in this study.
Program for the Neuropsychological Stimulation of Cognition in Students: Impact, Effectiveness, and Transfer Effects on Student Cognitive Performance

Despite the crucial role played by the executive functions (EF) to cognitive, emotional, and social development of children before and during school years, little attention has been given to construct and analyze the efficacy of programs that intend to develop them. The program of neuropsychological stimulation of cognition in students: emphasis on EF, or PENcE (an acronym from its original name in Portuguese, Programa de Estimulação Neuropsicológica da Cognição em Escolares: ênfase nas Funções Executivas), is an early and preventive intervention program for school-aged children, and implemented at school three times a week for 5 months. The PENcE was structured in four modules, each focusing on a different executive component: organization and planning, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. The objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of the PENcE among elementary school children and to investigate whether there are transfer effects to other executive, cognitive, and academic abilities. The sample consisted of 113 children attending 3rd or 4th grade at two public elementary schools. Eight classes participated in the study, divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) (four classes; n = 64), which received the intervention, and a control group (CG) (four classes; n = 49), which continued their regular school activities. The EF and academic skills of both participant groups were evaluated before and after the intervention. The EG showed significantly greater improvements in inhibitory control, working memory, and abstract planning relative to the CG, with a small to medium effect size. There were transfer effects to other cognitive and academic abilities. These findings suggest the PENcE may be a useful method of improving EF and could benefit both school-aged children and education professionals.
Work Overload and Emotional Exhaustion in University Teachers: Moderating Effects of Coping Styles

Changes in the education system in Ecuador have increased the workload of university teachers, producing stress and burnout. This study analyses the relation between work overload, coping styles and emotional exhaustion in a sample of 202 university teachers by using a hierarchical regression model analysis. The results show that work overload and evasive coping are positively related to emotional exhaustion, while active coping is negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Evasive coping moderated the relationship between work overload and emotional exhaustion so that teachers who use more evasive coping in situations of high work overload experience less burnout than teachers who use this coping style less. Finally, we discuss the limitations of this study and its theoretical and practical contributions for university professors in Latin American contexts.
Improving Beginning Teacher Effectiveness: The Most Important and Difficult Competencies and How They Differ in Low-Income Schools.

Research suggests teacher quality is a significant factor predicting student achievement, especially for low-income students. However, there is insufficient research about which teaching competencies warrant emphasis during pre-service training. The purpose of this study was to investigate consensus among expert educators on the importance and difficulty of teaching competencies for beginning teachers, and whether the importance and difficulty of those competencies differ in low-income school settings. Thirty-one academic and practitioner experts in beginning teacher development participated in the study. Participants rated 8 of 25 teaching competencies as very important and very difficult for beginning teachers. Results indicate broad consensus among experts. However, consensus was not reached on several items, mostly related to differences in competency difficulty. Finally, experts rated many of the competencies as more important and more difficult for beginning teachers in low-income schools.
Turning Points to Becoming a Tobacco Smoker: Smoking Initiation and Identity Change among Chinese Youth

In this study, we analyzed identity construction among young smokers in China, with three interconnected objectives: to theorize the turning points and career trajectory of smoking initiation; to account for their characteristics with interactionist processes; and to critically evaluate the applicability of classic typologies of identity change by Becker and Strauss. In-depth interviews with 24 late adolescents (ages 18–19) revealed a smoking initiation career path of four interconnected turning points, each characterized by interactionist processes. Smoker peers played a key role in facilitating overall career progression, and shame avoidance was crucial to their social dynamics. We also conclude that classic studies of turning points in general, and substance use specifically, are sufficiently broad and flexible to elucidate tobacco smoker identity construction in China, and facilitate a comparison of commonality and divergence among different “becoming” identities. The implications of these findings for tobacco control in China are discussed.
The Role of Mediator in Relationship between Motivations with Learning Discipline of Student Academic Achievement

This mediator is a mechanism that describes how one variable can affect other variables. Thus, this study was conducted to explain the role played by mediators to build discipline learning as a relationship between motivations to student academic achievement. A total of 260 forms of four students, taking an additional Mathematics course at a secondary school in Kuala Terengganu District. Data were analyzed using version 21.0 from IBM-SPSS-AMOS (Package Statistics for Social Sciences Moments Structure Analysis). The findings indicate that the mediator link test is supported and the type of mediator relationship is partial mediation relations because both indirect effects for constructive constructs and construction of learning disciplines against the construction of academic achievement are significant, and the direct influence of motivational constructions on the construction of academic achievement is also significant. The bootstrap findings in this study are the effects of full mediation because the direct effects are insignificant and consistent with the findings of the mediator link test on the test procedure.