Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(E)-4-[(4-Fluorobenzylidene)amino]-3-[1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl]-1-(morpholinomethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione methanol hemisolvate

In the title compound, C26H32FN5OS·0.5CH4O, the methyl group of the methanol solvent molecule is disordered over two sites with equal occupancies and the solvent is further disordered about a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. The organic molecule exists in a trans configuration with respect to the acyclic C=N bond. An intramolecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. The morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation. The essentially planar 1,2,4-triazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.013 (2) Å] forms dihedral angles of 11.21 (10) and 67.53 (11)°, respectively, with the fluorophenyl unit and the isobutyl-substituted benzene ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by a weak intermolecular C—H⋯π interaction.
Purification and Characterization of the Human Elongator Complex*

Human Elongator complex was purified to virtual homogeneity from HeLa cell extracts. The purified factor can exist in two forms: a six-subunit complex, holo-Elongator, which has histone acetyltransferase activity directed against histone H3 and H4, and a three-subunit core form, which does not have histone acetyltransferase activity despite containing the catalytic Elp3 subunit. Elongator is a component of early elongation complexes formed in HeLa nuclear extracts and can interact directly with RNA polymerase II in solution. Several human homologues of the yeast Elongator subunits were identified as subunits of the human Elongator complex, including StIP1 (STAT-interacting protein1) and IKAP (IKK complex-associatedprotein). Mutations in IKAP can result in the severe human disorder familial dysautonomia, raising the possibility that this disease might be due to compromised Elongator function and therefore could be a transcription disorder.
Fatal Occupational Injuries among Workers in Kocaeli, Turkey, 1990–1999

Abstract The authors evaluated occupational accidents in Kocaeli, Turkey, using epidemiologic criteria. Data were derived from the registries of the service on Occupational Injuries and Diseases of the Social Insurance Institution's District Authority in Kocaeli. The analysis was based on data from 387 deaths. The rates of occupational injuries and mortality and fatalities from them were 5.1 %, 30.6 per 100,000 workers, and 6.0%, respectively, compared with 2.8%, 35.2 per 100.000 workers, and 12.7% in Turkey. Sectors with the highest rates of fatal occupational injuries were construction (30.2%), transportation (13.2%), basic metal industry (9.0%), manufacturing of metal products (5.9%), and heating with electricity, gas, and steam (5.9%). 38.2% of these workers were 25–34 years old. Nearly all were male, most were married, and three fourths had children. Of all deaths due to occupational injuries, 121 (31.3%) were caused by traffic injuries, 93 (24.1 %) by falling from high places, and 43 (11.1%) by electrocution; 89% occurred at workplaces, 42% of the workplaces were small, and 45.9% of the deceased workers had been working there for less than three months. Although the situation was better than that in the rest of Turkey in terms of epidemiologic criteria, the death rates, as in other developing countries, are higher than those in the world in general.
Hand function after nerve repair

Treatment of injuries to major nerve trunks in the hand and upper extremity remains a major and challenging reconstructive problem. Such injuries may cause long‐lasting disabilities in terms of lost fine sensory and motor functions. Nowadays there is no surgical repair technique that can ensure recovery of tactile discrimination in the hand of an adult patient following nerve repair while very young individuals usually regain a complete recovery of functional sensibility. Post‐traumatic nerve regeneration is a complex biological process where the outcome depends on multiple biological and environmental factors such as survival of nerve cells, axonal regeneration rate, extent of axonal misdirection, type of injury, type of nerve, level of the lesion, age of the patient and compliance to training. A major problem is the cortical functional reorganization of hand representation which occurs as a result of axonal misdirection. Although protective sensibility usually occurs following nerve repair, tactile discriminative functions seldom recover – a direct result of cortical remapping. Sensory re‐education programmes are routinely applied to facilitate understanding of the new sensory patterns provided by the hand. New trends in hand rehabilitation focus on modulation of central nervous processes rather than peripheral factors. Principles are being evolved to maintain the cortical hand representation by using the brain capacity for visuo‐tactile and audio‐tactile interaction for the initial phase following nerve injury and repair (phase 1). After the start of the re‐innervation of the hand (phase 2), selective de‐afferentation, such as cutaneous anaesthesia of the forearm of the injured hand, allows expansion of the nerve‐injured cortical hand representation, thereby enhancing the effects of sensory relearning. Recent data support the view that training protocols specifically addressing the relearning process substantially increase the possibilities for improved functional outcome after nerve repair.
Gender and cognitive aspects of neonatal and juvenile neuromuscular locomotor development of F1 hybrid mice in swim tests

Summary F1 hybrid pups from crosses between the strains 129SvEv/Crl and C57BL/6/Crl were subjected to an analysis of the development of adult swimming pattern (from the day of birth until 21 days old) to study the potential gender difference in neuromuscular development of neonatal and juvenile mice and the cognitive component in the development of swimming skills. Swimming as a parameter of scrutiny was chosen because it requires total coordination of the body's muscles, and we have previously demonstrated that the gradual change from a neonatal to an adult swimming pattern follows a fixed pattern, that can be scored objectively. Five different parameters were scored: the position of the head in the water, the use of front legs, the use of hind legs, the use of the tail as a rudder and whether or not the animals are able to maintain a straight course in the water. Each parameter could be objectively scored as 0 (neonatal), 1 (juvenile) or 2 (adult) level of development. There was no significant difference between development of locomotor skills in female and male pups. The maximum score obtained at any given day of development was not altered by learning from the previous daily swimming experiences. However, in individual swimming sessions, the time span between exposure to the water and display of maximum swimming score for the age was significantly shortened by daily exposure to water and swimming, indicating habituation to submersion in water. Startle reactions to water exposure could be minimized and finally eliminated by daily swimming sessions. This suggests a cognitive component limited, however, by the physical maturation of the nervous system and muscles, thus not resulting in acceleration of the development of swimming skills.
The role of national innovation systems on FDI: a longitudinal data analysis on Dunning's Investment Development Path

A LONGITUDINAL DATA ANALYSIS ON DUNNING'S INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT PATH by EMINE BEYZA SATOGLU A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ph.D. in Management written under the direction of Professor Sengun Yeniyurt and approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________
An integrated sigma-delta noise-shaped buck converter

An integrated sigma-delta noise-shaped buck converter that uses a discrete-time second order single-bit sigma-delta modulator (DT-SDM2) is presented. The DT-SDM2 buck converter and a compared PWM controller are designed and fabricated on a standard TSMC 0. 35μm 3.3V CMOS process. The operating frequency of the proposed DT-SDM2 ranges from 400 KHz to 1.2 MHz. Simulation results show that DT-SDM2 has better noise performance than those of PWM and continuous-time SDM2 (CT-SDM2) buck converters.
Molecular Modeling and Simulation of Membrane Transport Proteins

Membranes fulfill the essential need of all living species to separate different compartments. On the other hand, in a cell the homeostatic environment can only be maintained by the cellular membrane acting as a selective ‘filter’, which allows the cell to continuously communicate with other cells. Mechanisms which facilitate the translocation of materials across the membrane regulate the entrance and disposal of ions, amino acids, nutrients, and signaling molecules.
Surfactant Releases Internal Calcium Stores in Neutrophils by G Protein–Activated Pathway

Pulmonary surfactant with surfactant-associated proteins (PS+SAP) decreases pulmonary inflammation by suppressing neutrophil activation. We have observed that PS+SAP inserts channels into artificial membranes, depolarizes neutrophils, and depresses calcium influx and function in stimulated neutrophils. We hypothesize that PS+SAP suppresses neutrophil activation by depletion of internal Ca++ stores and that PS+SAP induces depletion through release of Ca++ stores and through inhibition of Ca++ influx. Our model predicts that PS+SAP releases Ca++ stores through insertion of channels, depolarization of neutrophils, and activation of a G protein–dependent pathway. If the model of channel insertion and membrane depolarization is accurate, then gramicidin—a channel protein with properties similar to those of PS+SAP—is expected to mimic these effects. Human neutrophils were monitored for [Ca++] responses after exposure to one of two different PS+SAP preparations, a PS-SAP preparation, gramicidin alone, and gramicidin reconstituted with phospholipid (PLG). [Ca++] responses were reexamined following preexposure to inhibitors of internal Ca++ release or the G protein pathway. We observed that (i) 1% PS+SAP—but not PS-SAP—causes transient increase of neutrophil [Ca++] within seconds of exposure; (ii) 1% PLG—but not gramicidin alone—closely mimics the effect of PS+SAP on Ca++ response; (iii) PS+SAP and PLG equally depolarize neutrophils; (iv) direct inhibition of internal Ca++ stores releases or of G protein activation suppresses Ca++ responses to PS+SAP and PLG; and (v) preexposure to either PS+SAP or PLG inhibits Ca++ influx following fMLP stimulation. We conclude that PS+SAP independently depolarizes neutrophils, releases Ca++ from internal stores by a G protein-mediated pathway, and alters subsequent neutrophil response to physiologic stimulants by depleting internal Ca++ stores and by inhibiting Ca++ influx during subsequent fMLP activation. The mimicking of these results by PLG supports the hypothesis that PS+SAP initiates depolarization via channel insertion into neutrophil plasma membrane.
Corporate Liquidity, Acquisitions, and Macroeconomic Conditions

Abstract This paper evaluates how the relation between firms’ cash holdings and their acquisition decisions changes over macroeconomic cycles using a sample of 47,615 acquisitions from 36 countries between 1997 and 2014. Higher cash holdings and stronger macroeconomic conditions each increase the likelihood that a firm will make an acquisition. However, larger cash holdings decrease the sensitivity of acquisitions to macroeconomic factors, suggesting that cash holdings lower financing constraints during times when the cost of external finance is high. Announcement day abnormal returns for acquirers follow a consistent pattern: They decrease with acquirer cash holdings and with better macroeconomic conditions.
Effect of Solvency, Sales Growth, and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance with Profitability as Moderating Variables in Indonesian Property and Real Estate Companies

This research aimed to examine the effect of solvency, sales growth, and institutional ownership towards tax avoidance with profitability as a moderating variable. The sample was real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method to get sample about 31 companies. The data used moderated regression analysis. The results indicate that the solvency has significant and positive effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, sales growth and institutional ownership do not affect tax avoidance. Then, profitability can moderate the relationship between institutional ownership and tax avoidance.
Mosaic status in lymphocytes of infertile men with or without Klinefelter syndrome.

BACKGROUND Gonosomal aneuploidies such as Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) are the most frequent chromosomal aberration in infertile men. Normally the chromosomal status of patients is detected by karyotyping of up to 20 metaphase spreads of lymphocyte nuclei, whereby low grade mosaicism may be overlooked. To test whether Klinefelter patients with 47,XXY karyotype or infertile men with 46,XY karyotype represent gonosomal mosaicisms, we performed meta- and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on 45 men. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 400 interphase and 40 metaphase lymphocyte nuclei per patient were scored after hybridization with DNA probes specific for chromosomes X and Y, and chromosome 9 as a control. On the basis of conventional karyotype, hormone levels and clinical appearance, patients were subdivided into 18 Klinefelter syndrome patients with 47,XXY (group I), 11 Klinefelter syndrome-like patients with normal karyotype, 46,XY (group II) and six non-Klinefelter-like infertile patients with normal 46,XY karyotype (group III). Ten normal men (group IV) served as controls. Testicular volume in the Klinefelter group I was smaller compared with group II (P = 0.016), group III (P < 0.001) and group IV (P < 0.001). In addition, testicular volumes in group II were lower compared with group III and group IV (P < 0.004). No significant differences between the aneuploidy rate analysed by FISH in interphase nuclei and metaphases were found in either single patients or groups. Patients with Klinefelter syndrome, 47,XXY (group I) or with symptoms similar to those in Klinefelter patients 46,XY (group II) showed a similar aneuploidy rate (group I 7.1 +/- 4.0% and group II 4.6 +/- 3.4%) and two 47,XXY patients with a high prevalence for normal 46,XY lymphocytes had sperm in their ejaculate. However, in general, no correlations between FISH mosaic status and serum hormone parameters, nor with ejaculate parameters were found. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that 47,XXY patients with an increased incidence of XY cells (average of 4.2 +/- 2.3) may have a higher probability of germ cells as we found sperm only in the ejaculate of Klinefelter syndrome patients with mosaic 46,XY cells (6.0 and 7.0%). On the other hand, 46,XY patients with mosaic sex chromosome aneuploidies detected by FISH analysis more often show symptoms of hypogonadism phenotypically resembling Klinefelter syndrome.
Effect of a Plastic Foreign Body on the Genital Tract of the Female Rabbit

This experiment was designed to study the effect of an IUD on the New Zealand rabbit uterus and on ovulation resulting from the physiologic stimulus of coitus. Group 1 consisted of 10 animals serving as controls. Group 2 had a plastic foreign body inserted into the right uterine horn. Group 3 had a similar foreign body inserted into the left horn. Group 4 had foreign bodies inserted into both horns. Foreign bodies used were Number 14 Intracath. Animals were killed 36-48 hours after observed copulation. Genital organs were removed intact and prepared for study. Ovaries on the side of the control horn contained a mean of 5.66 corpora lutea. Ovaries on the side of the horns with IUDs contained a mean of 4.56 corpora lutea. Uterine horns containing devices were heavier mostly due to myometrial hypertrophy. An inflammatory exudate was present in the lumen of all sections only slightly more in those containing devices. Changes were minor. Results suggest some species specificity of histologic response to an intrauterine foreign body.
Virus-Like Plaque Formation in Human Cell Culture by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ∗

Summary A chance contamination in the preparation of HeLa cultures in tubes with an organism identified as P. aeruginosa resulted in the formation of plaques within 24 hr which were indistinguishable from viral plaques. At 48 hr, the medium in such tubes became turbid, revealing the presence of bacteria. Filtration of the contaminated medium through a Selas filter or the addition of neomycin eliminated both plaques and turbidity. Stock strains of P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, and Alcaligenes fecalis formed similar plaques on HeLa and fibroblastic-like cell line cultured in antibiotic-free medium, whereas strains of E. coli and S. aureus did not. All human epitheloid and fibroblastic-like cell lines tested developed plaques with P. aeruginosa. A linear relationship was observed between bacterial concentration and plaque counts or the time required for plaques to appear. Bacterial plaques were not formed when newborn calf serum (NBCS) was omitted from the medium. At low concentrations of NBCS (1 and 2%), plaques were detected as early as 8 hr, whereas at high concentrations (5-20%), plaques were not detectable until sometime between 13 and 23 hr after infection. Addition of neomycin at the time of infection was more effective in inhibiting plaque formation than addition of the antibiotic 1 hr before or after infection. Growth curve studies indicated that the number of bacteria in the fluid phase (medium plus those released from the cell surface by trypsinization) exceeded the number in the cell phase (glass-homogenized HeLa) for 11 hr. Then the reverse occurred, for at 15 hr there was 1 log greater number in the cells than in the combined fluid. By 24 hr, cell disintegration due to plaques was sufficiently advanced to cause a release of organisms from the cells into the fluid.
[Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical squamous cell carcinoma in Xinjiang Uygur women].

OBJECTIVE To study the association of cervical cancer with human papillomaviral (HPV) infection in Uygur women at high risk for development of cervical cancer in Xinjiang. METHODS Cervical samples from 65 Uygur women with cervical cancer were collected. HPV DNA types 6/11, 16/18, 31/33/35 were studied by in-situ hybridization, and both consensus and type-specific primers for HPV types 6, 16 and 18 were used in 58 cases by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 43.1%, 22.4% and 77.6% of specimens by the in-situ hybridization, PCR using L1 consensus primers and E6 type-specific primers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS E6 type-specific PCR was more sensitive than L1 consesus PCR and in-situ hybridization detection of HPV DNA. These data supported the role of HPV DNA (particularly HPV 16) in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma in high risk women living in Xinjiang.
Lateral Exchange Markets: How Social Platforms Operate in a Networked Economy

Lateral exchange markets (LEMs) are sites of technologically intermediated exchange between actors occupying equivalent network positions. To develop an enriched understanding of these markets, the authors develop a more broad-based and differentiated understanding of peer-to-peer, sharing, and access-based markets. They focus on two key axes: the extent of (1) consociality and (2) platform intermediation. Drawing on these attributes, the authors theoretically deduce four ideal types—Forums, Enablers, Matchmakers, and Hubs. Each type provides value in a different way: Forums connect actors, Enablers equip actors, Matchmakers pair actors, and Hubs centralize exchange. Twenty organizational cases reveal insights into the failure, adaptation, and success of LEMs. Lateral exchange markets shift responsibility for personal and exchange security to relevant personal actors, to institutions, or to the governing algorithms of technology platforms. Extending the general proposition that sociality increasingly infuses market logics, the findings suggest a new frontier in which social resources and software platform algorithms interact as operand resources whose negative consequences (e.g., opportunism) require careful management through assurances and institutional arrangements matched to the type of LEM operation.
Pathophysiology of variceal bleeding in cirrhotics

SUMMARY Liver cirrhosis is frequently complicated by the development of portal hypertension. This syndrome is characterised by a pathological increase of the portal venous pressure, which leads to the formation of portal-systemic collaterals. Among these, gastroesophageal varices are of special interest, since are responsible for the main complication of portal hypertension, massive gastrointestinal bleeding. The development of collaterals is due to different factors, including the dilation of pre-existing vessels and the action of angiogenic factors. Once formed, varices tend to dilate as a function of time, persistence of portal hypertension, and repeated physiological stimuli such as meals, ethanol consumption, exercise, and increased intrabdominal pressure which cause abrupt rises in portal pressure and/ or blood flow. The concept ofvariceal wall tension, which combines variceal size, variceal wall thickness, and variceal pressure correlates well with the clinical observation that increased variceal pressure, increased variceal size and presence of red colour signs are independent predictors of the risk ofvariceal bleeding. Tension in the variceal wall is probably the decisive factor determining variceal bleeding, as when exceeding the elastic limit of the vessel, the varix ruptures. Endoscopie and endosonographic examinations may allow a better assessment ofvariceal pressure, size and wall thickness, and thus a more accurate evaluation of the individual risk ofvariceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. Key Words: Liver Cirrhosis, Portal hypertension, Gastroeophageal varices, Variceal size, Variceal wall tension, Variceal bleeding.