Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raw material access and sustainability as a principal driver for innovation in the New Zealand seafood industry

The introduction of the quota management system for wild fish stocks in New Zealand 20 years ago has resulted in a dynamic of innovation development in the national seafood industry. Innovation activity has resulted in dramatic developments in sourcing new raw materials, increases in efficiency of production, and widespread vertical integration of seafood enterprises which resulted in strong economic growth in the sector. By contrast, most wild capture fishing industries worldwide have been in decline due to over exploitation of fish stocks during this same period. The greater certainty in raw material supply and focus on sustainability provided by the quota management regime has enabled seafood enterprises to shift their attention from competing to secure sufficient raw material toward increasing their returns by investing in innovation. Overall, this study may help to act as an exemplar for encouraging innovation in seafood and other industries based on renewable natural resources.
Texture and microstructure of reduced-salt Cheddar cheese as affected by process modifications.

The effect of change in pH at drainage (6.2, 5.9 and 5.6), rennet concentration (0.1 and 0.3) and casein to fat ratio (C/F) 0.60, 0.70 and 0.80) on texture and microstructure of salt-reduced Cheddar cheese was investigated. Cheeses with these treatments were prepared and analyzed for composition, texture profile and microstructure. At the same drainage pH, cheeses made with C/F ratio 0.6 had lower (P < 0.05) dry matter and protein content whereas, fat and ash % in dry matter were higher (P < 0.05) compared with at 0.7 and 0.8. The pH decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from day 0 to day 120 and then stabilized thereafter. In general, hardness of all cheeses increased from day 0 to day 60 of storage and then gradually decreased by the end of ripening (180 days). Cohesiveness showed an opposite trend to hardness. Adhesiveness significantly decreased during the storage period. Microstructure of cheese became denser, more compact and homogenous with small gaps at the end of storage (day 180) due to presence of peptides resulting from ripened cheese filling the matrix cavity.
What's Fear Got to Do with It - It's Affect We Need to Worry About

My objective in this paper is to provide a psychological perspective on the challenges to rational decision making in the face of terrorism and other risk crises. I shall begin with an introduction to the psychology of risk, high-lighting the role of affect and its contribution to what may be called "risk as feelings. " I shall then address the need to educate and inform citizens about risks from terrorism and some of the particular challenges this entails. The importance of this topic for democratic societies can hardly be overestimated. Australian sociologist Michael Humphrey writes that, in the West, the state's preoccupation with risk from terrorism neglects the complex nature of crises associated with poverty, disease, hunger, and global warming, increasing the vulnerability of the poorest and weakest members of society. ' One problem with this risk preoccupation, argues Humphrey, is that it lacks vision. 2 It focuses upon endings, disasters, things that may go wrong-not new beginnings. Imagined social futures and solutions are overshadowed by imagined apocalypses. Perhaps by understanding the psychology of risk, we can achieve more balanced and effective policies for dealing with risk crises.
ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION APPROXIMATION TO EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS IN LOSSLESS METALLIC WAVEGUIDES (REVISITED)

The problem of studying modal characteristics of metallic waveguides filled with lossless inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic media, is one of studying properties of the propagation constant of the guiding structure. It is shown that modal behavior in the neighborhood of critical frequencies such as cutoff frequencies and frequencies marking the onset of complex wave mode intervals, can be modeled through approximation of the propagation constant by a root of an algebraic equation. The particular form of the algebraic function approximating the propagation constant is discussed in the neighborhood of a singularity. A numerical example is included to stress the viability of the technique.
Learning to Read in Two Languages: Impediment or Facilitator?

The purpose of the study reported on in this paper was to investigate the concurrent development of firstand second-language reading and spelling skills. The study’s participants were 47 grade one children enrolled in a Canadian French-Immersion program and their first language was English. The following skills were tested at the beginning and end of the children’s school year: word reading, phonological awareness, oral-language proficiency, spelling and pseudoword-decoding. Descriptive statistics and ANOVAs revealed that there was an improvement in French and English reading and spelling skills from the beginning to the end of the year with a tendency for French skill development to be faster than English. English reading and spelling skills continued to develop throughout the year despite a lack of formal instruction in English. All English and French skills improved over time. However, the rate of development of some of the English skills was slower than what was reported in the standard scores for English-only students. Results suggested that learning in a second language proved to be both a facilitator and an impediment, depending on the particular skills examined.
The Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Personality and Their Teaching Preference

The present study sought to investigate the relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ personality types and their teaching preferences. Besides, it attempted to take the notion of gender into account. The participants included 100 EFL teachers and university instructors from seven English language institutes in Shiraz, and two universities in Fars Province. Availability sampling was used for this aim. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) questionnaire and Teaching Activities Preference (TAP) questionnaire were used to collect the data. The design of the study was survey method; so, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Based on the analyses undertaken, the following results were obtained: 1) there was a significant relationship between the personality and teaching preference, 2) Male and female EFL teachers’ (from Shiraz English language institutes) teaching preferences were statistically the same. The results could be used by teachers, university instructors, syllabus designers and, in general, all groups involved in education.
A longitudinal study of small group interaction in social virtual reality

Now that high-end consumer phones can support immersive virtual reality, we ask whether social virtual reality is a promising medium for supporting distributed groups of users. We undertook an exploratory in-the-wild study using Samsung Gear VR headsets to see how existing social groups that had become geographically dispersed could use VR for collaborative activities. The study showed a strong propensity for users to feel present and engaged with group members. Users were able to bring group behaviors into the virtual world. To overcome some technical limitations, they had to create novel forms of interaction. Overall, the study found that users experience a range of emotional states in VR that are broadly similar to those that they would experience face-to-face in the same groups. The study highlights the transferability of existing social group dynamics in VR interactions but suggests that more work would need to be done on avatar representations to support some intimate conversations.
Learning to Exploit Stability for 3D Scene Parsing

Human scene understanding uses a variety of visual and non-visual cues to perform inference on object types, poses, and relations. Physics is a rich and universal cue which we exploit to enhance scene understanding. We integrate the physical cue of stability into the learning process using a REINFORCE approach coupled to a physics engine, and apply this to the problem of producing the 3D bounding boxes and poses of objects in a scene. We first show that applying physics supervision to an existing scene understanding model increases performance, produces more stable predictions, and allows training to an equivalent performance level with fewer annotated training examples. We then present a novel architecture for 3D scene parsing named Prim R-CNN, learning to predict bounding boxes as well as their 3D size, translation, and rotation. With physics supervision, Prim R-CNN outperforms existing scene understanding approaches on this problem. Finally, we show that applying physics supervision on unlabeled real images improves real domain transfer of models training on synthetic data.
Quantification of methane emission rates from coal mine ventilation shafts using airborne remote sensing data

Abstract. The quantification of emissions of the greenhouse gas methane is essential for attributing the roles of anthropogenic activity and natural phenomena in global climate change. Our current measurement systems and networks, whilst having improved during the last decades, are deficient in many respects. For example, the emissions from localised and point sources such as landfills or fossil fuel exploration sites are not readily assessed. A tool developed to better understand point sources of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane is the optical remote sensing instrument MAMAP (Methane airborne MAPper), operated from aircraft. After a recent instrument modification, retrievals of the column-averaged dry air mole fractions for methane XCH4 (or for carbon dioxide XCO2) derived from MAMAP data have a precision of about 0.4% or better and thus can be used to infer emission rate estimates using an optimal estimation inverse Gaussian plume model or a simple integral approach. CH4 emissions from two coal mine ventilation shafts in western Germany surveyed during the AIRMETH 2011 measurement campaign are used as examples to demonstrate and assess the value of MAMAP data for quantifying CH4 from point sources. While the knowledge of the wind is an important input parameter in the retrieval of emissions from point sources and is generally extracted from models, additional information from a turbulence probe operated on-board the same aircraft was utilised to enhance the quality of the emission estimates. Although flight patterns were optimised for remote sensing measurements, data from an in situ analyser for CH4 were found to be in good agreement with retrieved dry columns of CH4 from MAMAP and could be used to investigate and refine underlying assumptions for the inversion procedures. With respect to the total emissions of the mine at the time of the overflight, the inferred emission rate of 50.4 kt CH4 yr−1 has a difference of less than 1% compared to officially reported values by the mine operators, while the uncertainty, which reflects variability of the sources and conditions as well as random and systematic errors, is about ±13.5%.
STABLE MODELS OF LUBIN–TATE CURVES WITH LEVEL THREE

We construct a stable formal model of a Lubin–Tate curve with level three, and study the action of a Weil group and a division algebra on its stable reduction. Further, we study a structure of cohomology of the Lubin–Tate curve. Our study is purely local and includes the case where the characteristic of the residue field of a local field is two.
Long-Lasting Effects of Socialist Education

Abstract Political regimes influence the content of education and criteria used to select and evaluate students.We study the impact of a socialist education on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and on several labor market outcomes by exploiting the reorganization of the school system in East Germany after reunification. Our identification strategy uses cutoff birth dates for school enrollment that lead to variation in the length of exposure to the socialist education system within the same birth cohort. An additional year of socialist education decreases the probability of obtaining a college degree and affects longer-term labor market outcomes for men.
Financing of sanitation services in the slums of Kampala and Dar es Salaam

This paper presents an assessment of the extent and conditions under which private financing can be a realistic approach for sanitation in slums. It is based on a cross-sectional study comparing two slum communities in East Africa, where 250 households from Bwaise III in Kampala, Uganda and 379 households from Temeke in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were interviewed in 2010. Also, 10 key-informant interviews and 8 focus group discussions were conducted in addition to field observations. Findings show that majority (85%) of households used unimproved, private-shared pit latrines. These privately owned latrines had many structural shortfalls besides poor operation and maintenance while the public latrines provided by third-party were structurally sound but were under-utilized in residential slum neighorhoods. This is attributed to the presence free or at least cheaper alternatives which the community members preferred instead of paying per-visit user-fees. For the few who were willing to pay, willingness to pay was positively associated with the presence of a facility User committee and having been sensitized. In this context, a combination of these factors made cost recovery as well as operation and maintenance very minimal. The poor status of privately owned shared pit latrines matched the limited income levels of households. Similarly, cost recovery for public facilities was dependent on the number of users who were willing to pay: the more the users, the more the cost recovery. A combination of private and public financing is thus necessary to fund different but complementary aspects of sanitation in slums.
THE EFFECTS OF VERBAL PROCESSING ON SPATIAL MEMORIES: VERBAL OVERSHADOWNIG AND SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONS

THE EFFECTS OF VERBAL PROCESSING ON SPATIAL MEMORIES: VERBAL OVERSHADOWNIG AND SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONS by Nathan M. Greenauer Previous research suggests that verbally describing featural elements of a spatial memory may subsequently interfere with an individual’s ability to access and utilize complex, configural spatial knowledge. The present experiment investigated whether the negative effects of verbal elaboration result from inappropriate verbal processing of perceptual information at test, or from a modification of the memory induced by the verbalization procedure. Participants were asked to study a map depicting a small town and then to describe either featural or configural aspects of the map, or an unrelated memory. Measures of featural and configural knowledge were then obtained. No significant differences were observed between the three conditions on either measure suggesting that verbal elaboration neither hindered subsequent access to, nor modified participants’ memory of the map. Theoretical and methodological issues related to the failure to replicate prior research are considered. THE EFFECTS OF VERBAL PROCESSING ON SPATIAL MEMORIES: VERBAL OVERSHADOWING AND SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONS
Retention mechanisms and microstructure of Eu(III) on manganese dioxide studied by batch and high resolution EXAFS technique

Abstract The batch experiment and high resolution EXAFS technique with bent crystal analyzer were combined to study Eu(III) retention mechanisms on β-MnO2 as a function of various environmental factors. The results indicated that the sorption of Eu(III) onto β-MnO2 was obviously dependent on pH but independent of ionic strength, suggesting the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes. Results of high resolution EXAFS analysis showed that Eu was surrounded by 8 ± 1 O atoms in the first shell at REu−O ≈ 2.40 Å for all sorption samples. A second shell of Mn atoms at REu−Mn ≈ 3.78 Å was observed for all sorption samples, which was associated with the formation of a bidendate inner-sphere complex with chemical bonding via edge sharing to MnO6-octahedron. This study shows the utility of high resolution EXAFS technique with bent crystal analyzer to discriminate the fluorescence peak of Eu(III) from that of manganese hydroxides, whose fluorescence peaks are too close in energy to be discriminated by the conventional EXAFS technique with a low resolving solid-state detector. Both the macroscopic interaction data and the molecular level evidence of Eu(III) surface speciation at the oxide-water interface should be factored into better evaluation of Eu(III) and related radionuclide mobility in the natural environment.
Water uptake is independent of the inferred composition of secondary aerosols derived from multiple biogenic VOCs

Abstract. We demonstrate that the water uptake properties derived from sub- and super-saturated measurements of chamber-generated biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles are independent of their degree of oxidation, determined using both online and offline methods. SOA particles are formed from the photooxidation of five structurally different biogenic VOCs, representing a broad range of emitted species and their corresponding range of chemical reactivity: α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, limonene, myrcene and linalool. The fractional contribution of mass fragment 44 to the total organic signal ( f 44 ) is used to characterise the extent of oxidation of the formed SOA as measured online by an aerosol mass spectrometer. Results illustrate that the values of f 44 are dependent on the precursor, the extent of photochemical ageing as well as on the initial experimental conditions. SOA generated from a single biogenic precursor should therefore not be used as a general proxy for biogenic SOA. Similarly, the generated SOA particles exhibit a range of hygroscopic properties, depending on the precursor, its initial mixing ratio and photochemical ageing. The activation behaviour of the formed SOA particles show no temporal trends with photochemical ageing. The average κ values derived from the HTDMA and CCNc are generally found to cover the same range for each precursor under two different initial mixing ratio conditions. A positive correlation is observed between the hygroscopicity of particles of a single size and f 44 for α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, linalool and myrcene, but not for limonene SOA. The investigation of the generality of this relationship reveals that α-pinene, limonene, linalool and myrcene are all able to generate particles with similar hygroscopicity (κ HTDMA ~0.1) despite f 44 exhibiting a relatively wide range of values (~4 to 11%). Similarly, κ CCN is found to be independent of f 44 . The same findings are also true when sub- and super-saturated water uptake properties of SOA are compared to the averaged carbon oxidation state ( OS C ) determined using an offline method. These findings do not necessarily suggest that water uptake and chemical composition are not related. Instead, they suggest that either f 44 and OS C do not represent the main dominant composition-related factors controlling water uptake of SOA particles, or they may emphasise the possible impact of semi-volatile compounds on limiting the ability of current state-of-the-art techniques to determine the chemical composition and water uptake properties of aerosol particles.
DETERMINANTS OF SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING: LITHUANIAN CASE

This paper presents some selected results of the survey (representative sample, n=1002) which was conducted in Lithuania in 2014. This research was funded by the European Social Fund under the Global Grant measure (No. VP1-3.1-SMM-07-K-03-032). The study revealed various relations between Lithuanians’ wellbeing, attitudes towards life, emotional states, and suicidal ideation. The results demonstrated statistically significant negative relationship between Lithuanians’ satisfaction with life and negative emotional states: anxiety, psychological pain, sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, meaninglessness. It was found statistically significant positive relationship between Lithuanians’ satisfaction with life and positive emotional states: joy, gratefulness, enthusiasm, trust, confidence, compassion, hopefulness, happiness, peacefulness. The results have also demonstrated positive correlations between satisfaction with life and positive life perceptions: clear goals in life, perceiving life as fulfilled, worthy living, pleasant, meaningful. The results might imply that in order to diminish the rates of suicides in Lithuania, there is a need to implement evidence based psycho-educational programs and interventions.
A Late Glacial to Holocene record of environmental change from Lake Dojran (Macedonia, Greece)

Abstract. A Late Glacial to Holocene sediment sequence (Co1260, 717 cm) from Lake Dojran, located at the boarder of the F.Y. R. of Macedonia and Greece, has been investigated to provide information on climate variability in the Balkan region. A robust age-model was established from 13 radiocarbon ages, and indicates that the base of the sequence was deposited at ca. 12 500 cal yr BP, when the lake-level was low. Variations in sedimentological (H2O, TOC, CaCO3, TS, TOC/TN, TOC/TS, grain-size, XRF, δ18Ocarb, δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg) data were linked to hydro-acoustic data and indicate that warmer and more humid climate conditions characterised the remaining period of the Younger Dryas until the beginning of the Holocene. The Holocene exhibits significant environmental variations, including the 8.2 and 4.2 ka cooling events, the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age. Human induced erosion processes in the catchment of Lake Dojran intensified after 2800 cal yr BP.
Scaling of early afterslip velocity and possible detection of tsunami-induced subsidence by GPS measurements immediately after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake

S U M M A R Y We explore the use of on-land GPS observations to detect deformation due to tsunami propagation near source regions of large interplate earthquakes. Here, we focus on the Mw 9 Tohoku-oki earthquake, which occurred around 14:46 (JST) on 2011 March 11. We consider GPS data in the time span 14:54–15:22 (JST) along the Sanriku coast, where the tsunami had the largest amplitude. The displacement data shows the signatures of large aftershocks as well as post-seismic fault slip (afterslip). These effects are particularly evident in the east component. From the horizontal displacement vectors, we construct a simple fault model for the early phase of the afterslip. Mean slip velocity of the early afterslip reaches 0.1 mm s−1. By compiling the early afterslip velocity of recent interplate earthquakes around that region, we find its increasing trend with the main shock magnitude. This scaling relation may reflect higher stressing rates at edges of larger main shock faults. Separately, we forward calculate land deformation due to tsunami height changes based on a tsunami simulation. Tsunami-induced deformation is only evident in the vertical direction at coastal GPS stations. The predicted subsidence amounts at some coastal stations can account for a large portion of the residuals between the observation and the modelled deformation due to the fault slip.