Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Conventional Extraction and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Labisia Pumila Sp. in 25-l Mobile Extractor Using Water as Solvent of Extraction

Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) is a medicinal plant enriches with functional compound and bioactive properties which can promote and provide a beneficial effect to human health. An antioxidant, gallic acid is widely obtained from natural sources such as Labisia pumila. To extract this bioactive compound, appropriate techniques of extraction are needed to fully utilise the resources without damaging the crude quality. Ultrasound technique is recognised for potential industrial application in the phytopharmaceutical extraction for a broad range of herbals. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance between conventional extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in 25 L mobile extractor using four sonication duty cycle regimens; 40%, 50%, 80% and 100% in extraction bioactive compound from Labisia pumila. Other parameters such as temperature (50⁰C, 60⁰C, 80⁰C, and 100⁰C), the sample-to-water ratio (1:20 and 1:40) and duration of extraction (1-10h) were also investigated. For the conventional method, the same parameters were conducted, but without the engagement of ultrasound irradiation. In all experiments, water was used as the solvent for the extraction. The yields of gallic acid from Labisia pumila was identified and quantify using HPLC-DAD. The optimum gallic acid, 133.25 ± 3.60 mg GAE/g dry weight was gained at conditions combination of 50% duty cycle, the temperature at 60⁰C, the sample-to-water ratio at 1:20 (kg/L), and 8h of extraction time. The study proved sonication regimes of ultrasound enhance extraction yield of gallic acid from Labisia pumila up to 1.23-fold compared to the conventional method
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis C Viral Infections in Tertiary Centres in Sulaimani City / Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Hepatitis C infection is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. It is growing threat and main burden on public health. Globally more than 170 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), up to 4 million new infections annually and each year more than 350000 dies of HCV related complications, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus this descriptive case-series study was conducted in five health facilities in Sulaimani city, from 23rd December 2015 to 10th of June 2016. The data were collected from 180 HCV infected patients by face to face interview; they were interviewed privately by using a structured questionnaire. P-values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Out of 180 patients, 45% were males and 55% were females, the mean age of the cases was 33.18 years, regarding marital status 55.5% of the cases were single. The majority of the cases were diagnosed by routine screening. Most of the patients (70.7%) had no signs and symptoms at the time of diagnosis. In each patient at least two identifiable risk factors for getting HCV infection were reported. Among the patients that had genotype test, 67.2% of them infected with genotyope1. More than three-quarters of the participants had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). More future studied parameters and practical skills should be performed to significantly reduce the risk of HCV infection in Sulaimani.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Processing Residues : Application to the Blackcurrant Pomace

This study reports hydrothermal liquefaction of blackcurrant pomace to produce bio-oil, focusing on the influence of several process parameters on yields and carbon distribution between phases: holding time (0-240 min), temperature (290-335°C), and addition of sodium hydroxide NaOH to vary the initial pH (3.1-12.8). Bio-oil yields up to 34 wt. % on a dry matter basis were obtained. An optimum temperature of 310°C corresponding to 30 wt. % bio-oil yield was observed, while higher temperatures decrease bio-oil recovery. At 300°C, holding time does not have a significant influence on the results: short holding times already achieve biomass conversion and relatively high bio-oil yields. Finally, increasing the initial pH of the feed by addition of NaOH inhibits char formation and enhances the bio-oil yield as well as the transfer of carbon to the aqueous phase. The char yield drops from 35 wt. % at pH = 3.1 (case without NaOH) to 24 wt. % at pH = 12.8 (corresponding to a NaOH/dry matter ratio of 9 wt. %). At the same time, the fraction of carbon remaining in the aqueous phase increases from 12 wt. % at pH = 3.1 to 25 wt. % at pH = 12.8.
Determinants of Sustainability Disclosure in the Global Forest Industry

This study aims to investigate the current patterns and determinants of sustainability disclosure in the global forest industry. Under the extensive quantifiable measures and occurrences of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework, a content analysis is performed on the voluntary disclosure of 66 largest forest companies worldwide to evaluate their economic, environmental and social performance. By taking industry and firm characteristics into account, the study also seeks to shed more light on the key determinants influencing the quality and level of disclosure. Significant emphasis was found to be placed on environmental and economic issues in contrast to areas such as human rights, labour practices, social and product responsibilities in the forest industry. The results of regression analysis suggest that company size and business diversity are significantly associated with disclosure, whereas profitability and regional differences are not decisive factors in formulating sustainability reporting strategies in the forest
THE IMPACT OF POPULATION AGEING ON HOUSEHOLD PORTFOLIOS AND ASSET RETURNS

The objective of this chapter is to present the evolution of the literature on household portfolios and its research perspectives. In doing this, the viewpoint assumed is not that of an institution such as a pension fund, but that of an individual household decision maker who has to take consumption and portfolio decision over her life3) In this specific connection, the chapter highlights the modelling requirements necessary to analyse the impact of population ageing on household portfolios, and ultimately on asset returns, with special focus on the financial segment of the portfolios. Recent demographic trends have given impetus to the literature with contributions that are diversified according to the approach (theoretical and/or empirical) and the perspective taken (micro vs. macro).
A genome-wide association analysis identifying SNPS for PRRS tolerance on a commercial pig farm.

SUMMARY Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is currently the most economically important viral disease affecting pig production outside Australia. This study utilised commercial data to perform a genome wide association study looking for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with PRRS resistance or tolerance, as assessed indirectly from reproductive traits. In total, phenotypes were measured on 1,545 sows, with the data split according to whether the trait was measured during a healthy PRRS-free phase on the farm (4,378 litters from 1,019 sows) or a diseased phase (1,977 litters from 1,526 sows). All animals were genotyped using the Illumina porcine 7k SNP chip. Associations between each individual SNP and reproductive outcomes were assessed using the residual values from a linear mixed (animal) model analysis of each trait in a series of single SNP analyses. Significant SNP associations were only observed for reproductive traits recorded during the disease phase, implying specificity of identified SNPs to a PRRS active phase. After correction for false positives, six significant SNP markers were identified for piglets born alive, piglets born dead and mummified piglets born per litter. SNP effects were then re-estimated from linear mixed model analyses of the data in which the significant SNPs were fitted as additional fixed effects. The SNPs are generally additive in their mode of action and on average the significant SNPs explain 4.7% of the genetic variation for born alive, 1.6% for born dead and 2.2% for born mummified. After further validation and research, these SNPs may allow breeding of pigs that are more robust in the face of PRRSV infection.
Quadruply Differenced One-Way Ranging: QDOR

In the technique described in this article, the differential angular position of a spacecraft with respect to another spacecraft is determined by a radio interferometric tech- nique that is designated here as quadruply differenced one-way ranging (QDOR). This tech- nique allows very accurate planetary navigation with respect to orbital satellites within the Deep Space Network resources. The arrival signal phases of a spacecraft are differenced be- tween two receiving antennas and then the resultant phase difference is differenced against another spacecraft. The resultant differential phase delay is calibrated by a quasar. The cycle ambiguities in the phase are determined from group-delay measurements of differential delta differential one-way ranging (ΔDOR); the ambiguity resolution depends on reducing certain ΔDOR errors. The presented cycle ambiguity resolution technique can also be ap- plied to phase referencing to a quasar instead of a spacecraft; however, its confidence level will depend on the quasar position error. An analysis of a data set provides formal errors at the picosecond delay level with a temporal position resolution of 5 min. This is equivalent to about 0.05 nrad differential angular coordinate error that is approximately 10 m at Mars.
Metal concentrations in fish otoliths in relation to body composition after laboratory exposure to mercury and lead

Juvenile sand gob~es Pomatosch~stus mlnutus, plaice Pleuronectes platessa, and sole Solea solea were exposed to high or low levels of mercury or lead for 45 d In the laboratory Points on the otollth corresponding to the core (pre-treatment), the start of exposure, midway through the exposure, and the termmation of exposure were sampled and analysed by laser ablat~on - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) There were significant Increases In the metal content of the goby and sole otoliths after exposure to mercuiy or lead, and the differences between the treatment levels for each element weie significant Plaice otol~ths showed little increase in metal accumulat~on, and the difference between treatments was not sign~ficant The relationship between exposule level, otolith metal concentration, and the metal concentration in flsh muscle tissu~ was complex In general, lead accumulated faster in the otolith and uptake was higher at low exposuic levels Mercury concen-tlations in fish tissue generally paralleled the concentration measured in the otoliths and the exposure level Lead concentratlons in f~sh otol~ths were inversely related to t~ssue concentratlons
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Fir Buds Syrup

The fir buds as well as the fir buds extracts (such as fir buds syrup) are used in traditional medicine and phytotheraphy for the alleviation of light to medium forms of respiratory diseases and for the prophylaxis or treatment of some childhood disorders. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the two types fir buds syrups (cold pressed and boiled) taken into study were demonstrated by its content in vitamin C, flavonoids and by the inhibitory effect on E.coli, B. cereus, S.aureus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella thypi .
Evaluating Stream Habitat Survey Data and Statistical Power Using an Example from Southeast Alaska

Abstract Stream habitat surveys and watershed assessments have been developed and used as monitoring tools for decades. Most rely on type I error as the primary criterion, with minor consideration of statistical power and effect size. We test for statistical differences in fish habitat condition between harvested and nonharvested watersheds from habitat survey data collected in southeast Alaska. We apply statistical power analysis to judge whether nonsignificant results can be interpreted with confidence. None of the fish habitat variables we examined were significant at α = 0.05; however, several P-values were less than 0.10 and consistent differences between harvested and nonharvested reaches were observed among channel types. Statistical power is low and the probability of not detecting differences is high when the effect size, scaled to the standard deviation of the measurement, is small to medium. For large effect sizes, the ability to detect differences was greater but did not exceed 85% for any mea.
TNF-alpha 308 SNP Rs3091256 GG Genotype is Strongly Associated with Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

1University of Health Science, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun, Turkey 2University of Health Science, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya, Turkey 3University of Health Science, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey 4Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Tokat, Turkey 5Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Tokat, Turkey 6Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Tokat, Turkey TNF-alpha 308 SNP Rs3091256 GG Genotype is Strongly Associated with Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
The evolving magnetic topology of τ Boötis

We present six epochs of spectropolarimetric observations of the hot-Jupiter-hosting star tau Bootis that extend the exceptional previous multiyear data set of its large-scale magnetic field. Our results confirm that the large-scale magnetic field of tau Bootis varies cyclicly, with the observation of two further magnetic reversals; between 2013 December and 2014 May and between 2015 January and March. We also show that the field evolves in a broadly solar-type manner in contrast to other F-type stars. We further present new results which indicate that the chromospheric activity cycle and the magnetic activity cycles are related, which would indicate a very rapid magnetic cycle. As an exemplar of long-term magnetic field evolution, tau Bootis and this long-term monitoring campaign presents a unique opportunity for studying stellar magnetic cycles.
Modeling Memory: Exploring the Relationship between Word Overlap and Single Word Norms When Predicting Judgments and Recall

This study examined the interactive relationship between associative, semantic, and thematic word pair strength when predicating item relatedness judgments and cued-recall performance. In Experiment One, 112 participants were shown word pairs with varied levels of associative, semantic, and thematic overlap (measured with forward strength, cosine, and latent semantic analysis) and were asked to judge how related item pairs were before taking a cued-recall test. Experiment One had four goals. First, the judgment of associative memory task (JAM) was expanded to include three types of judgments. Next, the and interaction between database norms (FSG, COS, and LSA) was for when predicting judgments and recall. Finally, JAM slopes calculated in Hypothesis One were used to predict recall. Experiment Two sought to first replicate interaction findings from Experiment One using a new set of stimuli, and second to replicate these interactions when controlling for several single word norms. Overall, Experiment One found significant three-way interactions between the network norms when predicting judgments and recall. Experiment Two partially replicated these interactions. These results suggest that associative, semantic, and thematic memory networks form a set of interdependent memory systems used for both cognitive processes.
Modelling the photosphere of active stars for planet detection and characterization

Stellar activity patterns are responsible for jitter effects that are observed at different timescales and amplitudes. These effects are currently in the focus of many exoplanet search projects, since the lack of a well-defined characterization and correction strategy hampers the detection of the signals associated with small exoplanets. Accurate simulations of the stellar photosphere can provide synthetic time series data. These may help to investigate the relation between activity jitter and stellar parameters when considering different active region patterns. Moreover, jitters can be analysed at different wavelength scales in order to design strategies to remove or minimize them. In this work we present the StarSim tool, which is based on a model for a spotted rotating photosphere built from the integration of the spectral contribution of a fine grid of surface elements. The model includes all significant effects affecting the flux intensities and the wavelength of spectral features produced by active regions and planets. A specific application for the characterization and modelling of the spectral signature of active regions is considered, showing that the chromatic effects of faculae are dominant for low temperature contrasts of spots. Synthetic time series are modelled for HD 189733. Our algorithm reproduces both the photometry and the RVs to good precision, generally better than the studies published to date. We evaluate the RV signature of the activity in HD 189733 by exploring a grid of solutions from the photometry. We find that the use of RV data in the inverse problem could break degeneracies and allow for a better determination of some stellar and activity parameters. In addition, the effects of spots are studied for a set of simulated transit photometry, showing that these can introduce variations which are very similar to the signal of an atmosphere dominated by dust.
Improving Online Teaching Effectiveness through Reflection and Collaboration

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of active reflection and collaboration as a method to improve teacher effectiveness in the onli ne environment in higher education. While there is no universally accepted definition of effe ctive teaching for higher education, there is research that supports effective online teaching. These principles, paired with research on active reflection and collaboration, provided a foundation for this case study that resulted in determining that active reflection during teaching improved practice. The quality of teaching and learning at institutions of higher learning is drawing increasing attention on a global level especially within the context of the current economic realities (Devlin, 2007). Interestingly, there appears to be no universally accepted definition of effective university teaching, and the criteria for quality teaching continues to be elusive (Chalmers, 2011; Johnson & Ryan, 2000; Paulsen, 2002). Getting a consensus for the definition of effective teaching is problematic, because there continues to be great variation in the criteria used to judge academic performance (Hardre & Cox, 2008). According to Devlin and Samarawickrema (2010), “While the individual department, faculty and institution has its specific contextual impact on teachers, teaching, students, and learning, so too do wider and more complex societal, political, economic, technological, and demographic change forces” (p. 118). These change forces include managing and addressing multiculturalism and diversity, providing for the increasing expectations of online learning environments and the technologies associated with it, and federal and state legislative mandates. Despite the daunting challenges to defining effective teaching for higher education, there is a growing need to provide evidence that effective teaching is taking place in institutions of higher learning. Institutions supporting such research agendas can provide the evidence for external constituents. This study attempts to respond to the challenge. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of active reflection and collaboration
KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS BY SOME FREE STABLE HYDRAZYL RADICALS

The kinetics of amino acids (Ser, Pro, Leu, Trp, Thr, Phe, Met, His) oxidation by sodium salts of 2-p-phenylsulfonic acid-2-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ( I) and 2,2-di-p-phenylsulfonic acid-2-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (II) at isoelectric point of amino acids has been studied over the temperature range 298 - 318 K. The rate studies were made under pseudo-first order conditions with an excess of amino acid over the oxidant. The kinetics was followed by monitoring the disappearance of I and II, spectrophotometrically, at 520 nm and 514 nm, respectively. The activation parameters were determined from rate constant dependence on temperature. The amino acids with aromatic structure (His, Trp, Phe) were oxidised more rapidly than the others. A mechanistic pathway for amino acids oxidation was proposed and discussed, similarly with their enzymatic degradation, which have as
Impact of the corporate governance characteristics and ownership on earnings quality of the Islamic private banks in Iran

Article history: Received April 20, 2012 Received in Revised form June, 12, 2012 Accepted 29 June 2012 Available online July 2 2012 This paper investigates corporate governance and ownership effects on earning quality in Iranian private banks. The study uses the information of 12 private banks from year 2005 to 2010 using regression analysis based on panel data. Among different factors, the effect of big five shareholder are considered to be significant and positive on earning quality. In addition, the effect of one variable regression test reveals that institutional ownership has positive impact on earning quality. However, the impacts of other variables including percentage of ownership concentration, the size of board of directors, reliance on debt, logarithm of sum of assets, return of assets, logarithm of operating cash flow on earning quality are not meaningful. The result of this survey indicates that institutional ownership plays an important role earning quality simply because institutions normally have the access on professionals to control management. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel model in R2

Abstract. This paper is devoted mainly to the global existence problem for the two-dimensional parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system in the full space. We derive a critical mass threshold below which global existence is ensured. Carefully using energy methods and ad hoc functional inequalities, we improve and extend previous results in this direction. The given threshold is thought to be the optimal criterion, but this question is still open. This global existence result is accompanied by a detailed discussion on the duality between the Onofri and the logarithmic Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalities that underlie the following approach.