Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Writing Strategies of Professional Japanese EFL Writers Kazuko Matsumoto

Four Japanese university professors were interviewed on their processes and strategies for writing a research paper in English as a Foreign language (EFL). The results show that these professional EFL writers use strategies similar to those used by skilled native English and proficient ESL writers as reported in previous studies, have an explicit view ofwriting as a nonlinear dynamic process and as a way of discovering meaning and ideas, supplement writing at the computer with writing with pen and paper, and basically do not rely on L1 Japanese in the EFL writing process. It was also found that their L2 research paper writing process is perceived as virtually equivalent to their L1 counterpart, which suggests that already existing L1 writing strategies transfer to L2 writing.
Interactive comment on “Heavy ozone enrichments from MIPAS limb emission spectra” by C. Piccolo et al

The article "Heavy ozone enrichments from MIPAS limb emission spectra" by C. Piccolo and her colleagues is an interesting and pioneering paper in that it seeks to gather a global picture of isotope enrichment in stratospheric ozone by means of satellite data. While the paper is generally well written and seems to be sound on the side of data retreival, it is less convincing in terms of data interpretation, conclusions reached and, especially, the error analysis – a point that has been already pointed out by the first referee. Before the paper can be recommended for publication, the authors need to clarify which variations in delta (symmetric and asymmetric molecules) they attribute to measurement uncertainties and which they think are due to changes in the isotopic
Estimates for elliptic systems in a narrow region arising from composite materials

In this paper, we establish the pointwise upper and lower bounds of the gradients of solutions to a class of elliptic systems, including linear systems of elasticity, in a general narrow region and in all dimensions. This problem arises from the study of damage analysis of high-contrast composite materials. Our results show that the damage may initiate from the narrowest place.
Customer value creation in financial services

Customer value creation is allegedly at the centre of relationships between service recipients and service providers (such as financial service organisations in general, and commercial banks in particular). This research considers the role of customer value creation in the strategic response of banks to external changes in their growth opportunities. The analysis established that there had been changes in the framework in which banks' pursued synergy since 1980 (or 1990 in Mexican and 1992 in Estonian interviews). As a response to external change banks have created new synergies in the pursuit of greater growth and interviewees expected that changes in synergy creation should be reflected in banks' diversification and market positioning moves. New synergies required new capabilities and participants from all countries agreed that the current wave of change in synergy creation had carried through greater emphasis on customer profitability. All countries recorded a shift from a supply-oriented strategic stance to the development of skills to retain customers and even becoming a one-stop financial service institution for their customers. However, greater emphasis on customer profitability was seldom followed by recognition of the key capabilities required for high customer value creation. This as most interviewees failed to provide an articulated account of how to achieve that profitability.
Gradient descent in hyperbolic space

Gradient descent generalises naturally to Riemannian manifolds, and to hyperbolic $n$-space, in particular. Namely, having calculated the gradient at the point on the manifold representing the model parameters, the updated point is obtained by travelling along the geodesic passing in the direction of the gradient. Some recent works employing optimisation in hyperbolic space have not attempted this procedure, however, employing instead various approximations to avoid a calculation that was considered to be too complicated. In this tutorial, we demonstrate that in the hyperboloid model of hyperbolic space, the necessary calculations to perform gradient descent are in fact straight-forward. The advantages of the approach are then both illustrated and quantified for the optimisation problem of computing the Fr\'echet mean (i.e. barycentre) of points in hyperbolic space.
MATHEMATICS SKILL OF FIFTEEN YEARS OLD STUDENTS IN YOGYAKARTA IN SOLVING PROBLEMS LIKE PISA

The aims of this research were to describe mathematics skill of 8 th fifteen-year old students in Yogyakarta in solving problem of PISA. The sampling was combination of stratified and cluster random sampling. The sample consisting of 400 students was selected from fifteen schools. The data collection was by tests. The research finding revealed that mathematics skill of fifteen-year old students in Yogyakarta in solving problem of PISA was low in category but it was better than Indonesian students in PISA 2012. Mathematics skill of fifteen-year old students in Yogyakarta in solving problem of PISA was below the OECD average of PISA 2012. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.22342/jme.9. 1.4231. 129-144
Causal Factors Analysis of National Health Insurances Unpaid Premium by Informal Workers in Baubau City

: National Health Insurances (NHI) as informal sectors member are facing difficulties in paying the contributions are vulnerable NHI participants to unpaid premiums. This problem is more common in the informal sector workers and non-workers. The expanding aspect coverage of membership and contribution sustainability, especially participants PBPU and BP is a major challenge that must be faced by BPJS Kesehatan . Objective of this research is analysing the contributing factors for unpaid premiums of informal workers participants in Baubau City. This research used mixed method, concurrent embedded design. Unit analysis this study is that people who are in unpaid informal sector participants pay dues of NHI. The data was collected by in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Results showed that there are seven factors that causes PBPU participants unpaid premiums at Baubau City are socio-demographic categorization because types of jobs that are not earning salary with earnings below UMR, forgot, dissatisfied with health services provided, limited access to premium payment channels, healthy, class restrictions, health seeking behaviour and knowledge. Conclusion from this research is unpaid premiums by JKN PBPU participants in Baubau City are still high, therefore needed a breakthrough and right strategy to prevent and reduce to PBPU participants who are unpaid premiums.
The Influence of a Chromospheric Magnetic Field on the Solar p- and f-Modes

The influence of a chromospheric magnetic field on p- and f-mode frequencies is evaluated theoretically for a simple model of the solar plasma, consisting of a polytrope in the solar interior, above which is an isothermal atmosphere. The atmosphere is permeated by a horizontal magnetic field. Frequency changes and shifts in phase factors due to the presence of a magnetic atmosphere are calculated analytically in the long-wavelength limit, and numerically for arbitrary wavelength. The results reveal that, at low to moderate degree l, an increase in chromospheric magnetic field leads to a frequency increase for the n = 1 p-mode, whereas the overtones (n = 2, 3, etc.) suffer a frequency decrease. At high l, all the p-modes suffer a frequency decrease. 35 refs.
Validation of SCIAMACHY HDO/H2O measurements using the TCCON and NDACC-MUSICA networks

Abstract. Measurements of the atmospheric HDO/H2O ratio help us to better understand the hydrological cycle and improve models to correctly simulate tropospheric humidity and therefore climate change. We present an updated version of the column-averaged HDO/H2O ratio data set from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). The data set is extended with 2 additional years, now covering 2003–2007, and is validated against co-located ground-based total column δD measurements from Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, produced within the framework of the MUSICA project). Even though the time overlap among the available data is not yet ideal, we determined a mean negative bias in SCIAMACHY δD of −35 ± 30‰ compared to TCCON and −69 ± 15‰ compared to MUSICA (the uncertainty indicating the station-to-station standard deviation). The bias shows a latitudinal dependency, being largest (∼ −60 to −80‰) at the highest latitudes and smallest (∼ −20 to −30‰) at the lowest latitudes. We have tested the impact of an offset correction to the SCIAMACHY HDO and H2O columns. This correction leads to a humidity- and latitude-dependent shift in δD and an improvement of the bias by 27‰, although it does not lead to an improved correlation with the FTS measurements nor to a strong reduction of the latitudinal dependency of the bias. The correction might be an improvement for dry, high-altitude areas, such as the Tibetan Plateau and the Andes region. For these areas, however, validation is currently impossible due to a lack of ground stations. The mean standard deviation of single-sounding SCIAMACHY–FTS differences is ∼ 115‰, which is reduced by a factor ∼ 2 when we consider monthly means. When we relax the strict matching of individual measurements and focus on the mean seasonalities using all available FTS data, we find that the correlation coefficients between SCIAMACHY and the FTS networks improve from 0.2 to 0.7–0.8. Certain ground stations show a clear asymmetry in δD during the transition from the dry to the wet season and back, which is also detected by SCIAMACHY. This asymmetry points to a transition in the source region temperature or location of the water vapour and shows the added information that HDO/H2O measurements provide when used in combination with variations in humidity.
Local densities for a class of degenerate diffusions

We study a class of R^d-valued continuous strong Markov processes that are generated, only locally, by an ultra-parabolic operator with coefficients that are regular w.r. t. the intrinsic geometry induced by the operator itself and not w.r. t. the Euclidean one. The first main result is a local Ito formula for functions that are not twice-differentiable in the classical sense, but only intrinsically w.r. t. to a set of vector fields, related to the generator, satisfying the Hormander condition. The second main contribution, which builds upon the first one, is an existence and regularity result for the local transition density.
How far and often do organizations relocate offices

Purpose – Relocation is one of the tasks that corporate real estate management is responsible for. They are important events for organizations as there can be a variety of different impacts due to relocation. Previous research has made a distinction between long and short distance relocations. This paper focuses on contributing to the knowledge of the relocation phenomenon. The purpose is to examine the scale and volume of companies’ HQ relocations. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses quantitative data of address changes of Finnish companies which is qualitatively analyzed in respect to the relocation distance and the amounts of relocated companies in order to formulate an understanding of how far and often companies have relocated. Findings – The findings of this study indicate that the majority of relocations are short distance relocations; Two thirds were relocations of less than ten kilometres. The median relocation distance was less than five kilometres. Further, 30 percent of the companies had relocated at least once during the five and half year period and six percent during the last year of the dataset. Practical implications – The increased knowledge of the relocation phenomenon’s scale, volume and nature supports the development of relocation management as well as relocation related service business, thus enabling organizations possibly to relocate more efficiently and optimally. The dominant role of short-distance relocations suggests that from organizations’ perspective, there are certain underlying drivers for organizations to remain within same region. Originality/value – The findings of the study give an overall view of the scale and volume of the relocations phenomenon within the private sector in Finland. The importance of relocation management and workplace change requires more attention as opposite to the mere location selection approach Keywords – Corporate Real Estate Management, Relocation, Headquarters, Finland Paper type – Research paper
Distribution and feeding habits of three sea robin species (Bellator brachychir, Prionotus nudigula and Prionotus punctatus) in the Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil

The distribution, size structure, and feeding of three sea robin species belonging to the family Triglidae ( Bellator brachychir , Prionotus nudigula and Prionotus punctatus ) were studied based on specimens caught with bottom trawls on the continental shelf of Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil. The two Prionotus species were more concentrated in the inner shelf (<50 m), while B. brachychir was generally more abundant on the outer shelf (50-100 m). In general, the three species showed a carcinophagous diet, but with small overlap in their main preys. While amphipods was the most important prey to B. brachychir , isopods and shrimps were the basic food item found in P. nudigula and P. punctatus diet, respectively. This reduction in interspecific competition for food was followed by some degree of spatial segregation and thermal preferences for each species.
Pattern of Renal Tumors: A Tertiary Care Center Experience over a decade

1,3 Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottyam, Kerala, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India 4 Additional Professor, Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottyam, Kerala, India Corresponding Author Dr Sharath K. Krishnan Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India Email: sharathkkrishnan@gmail.com Abstract Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the age groups, gender distribution and different histopathological types of neoplastic lesions in nephrectomy specimens. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective record analysis done over a period of ten years (January 2006 to December 2015). All nephrectomy specimens with a diagnosis of renal tumor, received in the department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala were recorded from histopathology registers and analyzed with regard to age, gender and histopathological types. Results: A total of 250 renal tumors were encountered. The patients’ age ranged from 2 months to 85 years. Males (66%) were affected more than females (34%) (M: F =1.94:1). Renal tumors were commoner in the 6 th and 7 th decades. Malignant tumors (90.4%) clearly outnumbered benign tumors (9.6%). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was the commonest tumor (71.2%) followed by transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) (10%), oncocytoma (4.4%) and Wilms tumor (WT) (4%). Most common benign tumor was oncocytoma. Wilms tumor was the commonest pediatric tumor. Conclusions: This retrospective study showed distribution of renal tumors in nephrectomies performed at our institution. The results obtained were comparable with available data from other countries.
HPV vaccine knowledge and coverage among female students in a medical college, Kerala

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries including India. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the cervix is the most common risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV infection is widespread and occurs soon after becoming sexually active. Lack of hygiene and multiple sexual partners increases the risk of chronic HPV infection. HPV vaccine offers protection against cervical cancer. However the knowledge about HPV and vaccine is very limited among the general public. Knowledge among doctors is essential to provide timely advice to the target population. This study aims to measure the awareness among female medical students in a medical college in Kerala.Methods: 1st to 4th year female medical students of Amrita School of Medicine were administered an anonymous, validated self-administered pretested questionnaire. Only students who had volunteered and given consent were included in the study. 165 students participated in the study.Results: The overall knowledge about cervical cancer its causation and prevention was good only in about 40%. However 83% had a positive attitude towards HPV vaccine and were willing to take the vaccine. Only 6% had been vaccinated against HPV.Conclusions: There is a need to emphasize the aetiology and preventive measures of cervical cancer in the curriculum of MBBS students. In-depth knowledge among future doctors is essential for dissemination of knowledge to general public and timely preventive intervention.
Factors in social comparison of performance influencing actual performance

Seven experiments were conducted which measured changes in the subjects' actual performance resulting from manipulated personal and categorical comparison of performance with another subject. In line with Festinger's (1954) theory of social comparison of ability, it was found that subjects who were visually isolated from sources of evaluation (setting 2, experiment 2 and 3) showed relatively low performance after a VI (very inferior) or VS (very superior) outcome and relatively high performance after an EQ (equal) outcome, whereas subjects who were visually exposed to sources of evaluation (setting 1, experiment 1 and 4) showed relatively low performance only after a VS outcome and relatively high performance after both a VI and EQ outcome. When (also in setting 1) the manipulation of outcome was combined with a manipulation of expectation (experiment 5), it was found that an EQ expectation did not alter the original pattern of outcome effects, but that a VI or VS expectation markedly influenced the effect of outcome: A complete confirmation of VI expectation and an almost complete disconfirmation of VS expectation resulted in relatively high performance, whereas all other combinations of VI or VS expectation with a given outcome resulted in relatively low performance. Finally, it was found that changing the manipulation of personal comparison of performance of the previous experiments into a manipulation of categorical comparison of performance of the previous experiments into a manipulation of categorical comparison of performance (experiment 6a and 6b) resulted in a pattern of data wich was about the opposite of the typical previous pattern. In setting 1 (experiment 6a), the subjects' performance was relatively low after being categorized into a VI or EQ category and relatively high after being categorized into a VS category, whereas in setting 2 (experiment 6b) both the VI and VS categorization resulted in the same performance and the EQ categorzation resulted in a slightly lower performance.
Therapeutic effect of chlorpheniramine in treatingupper airway cough syndrome (UACS) and chronic rhinitis/sinusitis

This paper aims to analyze the specific effect of chlorpheniramine on upper airway cough syndrome is related to its treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. A total of 218 patients admitted to hospital between March 2014 and June 2016 were treated with chlorpheniramine. The patients were divided into two groups based on treatment effect in follow-up visits (all were effective): effective group (114 cases, 52.29%) and ineffective group (104 cases, 47.71%). The proportion of complicated rhinitis or sinusitis of the two groups were compared, and improvement effect on clinical symptoms of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis after treatment was compared. The probability of rhinitis / sinusitis was 65.79% (75/114) in the effective group and 69.23% (72/104) in the ineffective group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). In both effective and ineffective group, the symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath and pharyngeal discomfort were improved to a certain extent, and the effective group had better improvement effect, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). In addition, there was no correlation between improvement of cough and improvement of symptoms in the effective group, 21 cases of cough disappeared completely, while complete disappearance rate of other symptoms was only 57.15% (12/21). Chlorpheniramine is effective to some extent in treatment of upper airway cough syndrome, but chlorpheniramine in treatment of upper airway cough syndrome is not associated with rhinitis/sinusitis treatment.
A Scalable Laplace Approximation for Neural Networks

We leverage recent insights from second-order optimisation for neural networks to construct a Kronecker factored Laplace approximation to the posterior over the weights of a trained network. Our approximation requires no modiﬁcation of the training procedure, enabling practitioners to estimate the uncertainty of their models currently used in production without having to retrain them. We extensively compare our method to using Dropout and a diagonal Laplace approximation for estimating the uncertainty of a network. We demonstrate that our Kronecker factored method leads to better uncertainty estimates on out-of-distribution data and is more robust to simple adversarial attacks. Our approach only requires calculating two square curvature factor matrices for each layer. Their size is equal to the respective square of the input and output size of the layer, making the method efﬁcient both computationally and in terms of memory usage. We illustrate its scalability by applying it to a state-of-the-art convolutional network architecture.
Interactive comment on “ A model for variable phytoplankton stoichiometry based on cell protein regulation ” by J . A . Bonachela

As the referee points out, we use plausible physiological mechanisms to build our model. Based on the previous regulatory model published in (Bonachela et al., 2011), we put the highest emphasis on the mechanisms responsible for protein regulation. To this end, we use essential and well documented links between protein synthesis and the internal content of the nutrients for the cell. We encode these well known processes by means of mathematical functions whose specific shape is, as explained in the manuscript, not determinant of the emergent phenomenology of the model. That phenomenology is, in addition, in qualitative agreement with the expected (and observed) behavior of phytoplankton cells under different environments. In summary, we think that the use of essential processes as foundations for the model, and the replication of most of the experimental results that can be found in the literature, ensures the mechanistic character, and plausibility and realism of our model, respectively.