Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of high resolution three-dimensional models using free, open-source, photogrammetric software

The 3D digitisation of palaeontological resources is of tremendous use to the field, providing the means to archive, analyse, and visualise specimens that would otherwise be too large to handle, too valuable to destructively sample, or simply in a different geographic location. Digitisation of a specimen to produce a 3D digital model often requires the use of expensive laser scanning equipment or proprietary digital reconstruction software, making the technique inaccessible to many workers. Presented here is a guide for producing high resolution 3D models from photographs, using freely available open-source software. To demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of the approach, a number of examples are given, including a small trilobite (~0.04 m), a large mounted elephant skeleton (~3 m), and a very large fossil tree root system (~6 m), illustrating that the method is equally applicable to specimens or even outcrops of all sizes. The digital files of the models produced in this paper are included. The results demonstrate that production of digital models from specimens for research or archival purposes is available to anyone, and it is hoped that an increased use of digitisation techniques will facilitate research and encourage collaboration and dissemination of digital data. Peter L. Falkingham. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. peter.falkingham@manchester.ac. uk
Analysis of WRF extreme daily precipitation over Alaska using self‐organizing maps

We analyze daily precipitation extremes from simulations of a polar‐optimized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulations cover 19 years and use the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) domain. We focus on Alaska because of its proximity to the Pacific and Arctic oceans; both provide large moisture fetch inland. Alaska's topography also has important impacts on orographically forced precipitation. We use self‐organizing maps (SOMs) to understand circulation characteristics conducive for extreme precipitation events. The SOM algorithm employs an artificial neural network that uses an unsupervised training process, which results in finding general patterns of circulation behavior. The SOM is trained with mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies. Widespread extreme events, defined as at least 25 grid points experiencing 99th percentile precipitation, are examined using SOMs. Widespread extreme days are mapped onto the SOM of MSLP anomalies, indicating circulation patterns. SOMs aid in determining high‐frequency nodes, and hence, circulations are conducive to extremes. Multiple circulation patterns are responsible for extreme days, which are differentiated by where extreme events occur in Alaska. Additionally, several meteorological fields are composited for nodes accessed by extreme and nonextreme events to determine specific conditions necessary for a widespread extreme event. Individual and adjacent node composites produce more physically reasonable circulations as opposed to composites of all extremes, which include multiple synoptic regimes. Temporal evolution of extreme events is also traced through SOM space. Thus, this analysis lays the groundwork for diagnosing differences in atmospheric circulations and their associated widespread, extreme precipitation events.
Wind induced vibrations on large observation wheels

Modern observation wheels are extremely high, slender and light structures, making them particularly sensitive to the wind actions. In the design stage aerodynamics is one of the issues to be investigated since the structure may experience wind-induced vibrations. The paper reviews the phenomena related to wind-structure interaction. The aerodynamic design of a new observation wheel is than presented.
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE METHANOLIC BULB EXTRACT OF BELLICORYNE PLUMBAGINIFOLIA

The use of antioxidants in treatment of oxidative stress-related pathologies is a possible therapeutical strategy for the future. Natural product with antioxidant properties could trigger this goal. To quantify the major secondary metabolites and the antioxidant potential of methanolic bulb extract of Bellicoryne plumbaginifolia. The methanolic extract of B. plumbaginifolia was analyzed by HPLC and GC to determine various Phytochemicals. Free radicals scavenging activity of extract by using ABTS, DPPH, NO, Super oxide and FRAP radicals generated in vitro. The methanolic extract of B. plumbaginifolia was found to contain alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols and flavonoids. The major flavonoid detected was quercetin and rutin. The B. plumbaginifolia was found to possess significant radical scavenging activity against ABTS, DPPH, NO, Super oxide and FRAP radicals the IC50 value comparable to that of their corresponding IC50 value. The medicinal property of B. plumbaginifolia may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds with rich antioxidant potential. The therapeutic effect of this plant may be accounted for its counteracting action on free radicals in vivo. KEYWARDS: Bellicoryne plumbaginifolia, Phytochemicals, free radical scavenging activity. INTRODUCTION Free radicals which have one or more unpaired electrons are produced in normal or pathological cell metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) react easily with free radicals World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 7, 1731-1743. Research Article ISSN 2277–7105 Article Received on 19 May 2017, Revised on 09 June 2017, Accepted on 30 June 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20177-8911 *Corresponding Author'
Heat transfer and pressure drop in micro-channels with different inlet conditions for water in the laminar and transitional regimes

Heat transfer by means of microchannels is an efficient method of cooling small but high-heat-dissipating objects. With very high heat transfer coefficients, the application of microchannels, especially in the field of electronics cooling, shows potential. With the aid of different inlet conditions, an experimental investigation to measure the heat transfer and pressure drop in a single copper microchannel, with a constant surface heat flux boundary condition, was undertaken in the laminar, transitional, and early turbulent regimes. Three test sections of hydraulic diameters 1.05 mm, 0.85 mm and 0.57 mm and of equal lengths of 200 mm were experimentally investigated using two inlet conditions: a sudden contraction inlet and a bellmouth inlet. Friction factors were determined for three heat input conditions per test section. Results show lower values of the friction factor than the conventional theory in the laminar and turbulent regimes for the sudden contraction inlet. The bellmouth inlet results show an early onset of transition compared to the sudden contraction, with a longer and smoother transition profile. Nusselt number results were higher in the laminar regime, while increasing until the onset of transition. Turbulent results show convergence to the Gnielinski equation for both inlet conditions.
Therapeutic photography: fostering posttraumatic growth in Shan adolescent refugees in northern Thailand

Recent reviews of therapeutic photography have identified the technique's unique ability to transcend culture and language, both essential characteristics of international trauma therapy. This article describes a process, through which youth identified changes in self-perception after a photojournalism workshop, using an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach and conducted in a Shan migrant community centre in northern Thailand. The authors (a) provide a broad overview of a form of therapeutic photography utilised within a humanitarian aid context, (b) examine the concept of posttraumatic growth (PTG) within a traumatised adolescent population on the Thai/Burma border and, (c) suggest the potential for a new domain of growth as it relates to the application of Tedeshi & Calhoun's conceptual foundation of PTG (1995), within a Southeast Asian context. Results suggest that perceptions of self, and one's role in the community, did improve within the context of this project. A discussion of the limits and merits of this approach is also presented.
Conservation Tillage for the Protection of Soil Quality and Sustainability

The need for land management technologies and policies that provide long-term sustainability as well as high levels of productivity is generally accepted in the World, but this will have to operate within the constraints of market conditions and political and social expectations. However, acceptable methods of assessing sustainability of farming practices are often questioned by the farming community. Therefore, development of broadly applicable framework for evaluation of sustainable land management needs urgent attention by the researchers and policy makers and the assessment techniques need to take into account the widely varying factors influencing sustainability in different farming systems.
Trophic spectrum of adult Salamandra salamandra in the Carpathians with the first note on food intake by the species during winter

We carried out an overall analysis of the fire salamander trophic spectrum in the Carpathian Mountains, where prey linked to forest and wet sites such as Araneae, Gastropoda, and Diplopoda, were predominant. These taxa were also an important food component of active salamanders from two localities in the eastern part of Slovakia. Besides invertebrate prey we also recorded the presence of vegetal fragments and gastropod eggs in the stomach contents. Furthermore, overall analysis from Carpathians showed that differentiation of the trophic spectrum does not show a geographic pattern but probably rather reflects habitat differences. In wintering salamanders we did not confirm the presence of invertebrate prey in their stomach contents, but we did record intensive dermatophagy, which was probably not accidental and could indicate the possible phenomenon of reclaiming epidermal proteins during this period.
Fostering online learning at the workplace: A scheme to identify and analyse collaboration processes in asynchronous discussions

Research has shown that providing participants with high‐quality learning material is not sufficient to help them profit most from online education. The level of interaction among participants is another key determinant for learning outcomes. However, merely proposing interaction does not automatically lead to fruitful discussion and collaboration. Specifically, social presence and facilitation activities add value to online discussions. In Murphy's collaboration framework, social presence represents the basis of successful online collaboration from which more reflective discussions and co‐construction can evolve. In this paper, an adjusted version of this framework was applied in a workplace learning context. The content analysis of 1170 comments in an online course for careers practitioners of a public employment service showed that the extended framework generated deeper insights into the dynamics of online discussions. The results show that involvement in collaborative learning at the workplace was supported by a high social presence and influenced by course topic and tasks. Facilitation played an important role in creating a sympathetic sense of community and stimulating co‐creation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Performance of GPS and Low-cost INS Integration in Marine Surveying

The Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) are increasingly being integrated to obtain robust position and attitude determination solutions. Over the past few years, a number of low cost inertial sensors have come on the market. This article demonstrates the potential performance of an integrated GPS and low cost INS for marine navigation and surveying. It is demonstrated that integrating a low cost INS with a single GPS antenna does not provide the accuracies required. However, using two GPS antennas, such an integrated system can meet marine surveying requirements.
Russian Business Groups: Substitutes for Missing Institutions?

Numerous evidence demonstrate that firms affiliated with business groups in emerging markets outperform their independent counterparts. One of the proposed explanations for such a phenomenon is the more advanced groups’ internal markets structure compared to the rest of the economy. In this paper we test the hypothesis that internal capital markets within Russian business groups overcome the liquidity constraints problem widely spread outside groups. Our findings indicate that even if the groups’ internal capital markets do exist in Russian business groups, their efficiency is rather doubtful and the access to external financing by firms affiliated with the groups is constrained.
Recalling Mixed Emotions

In two longitudinal experiments, conducted both in the field and lab, we investigated the recollection of mixed emotions. Results demonstrated that the intensity of mixed emotions is generally underestimated at the time of recall—an effect that increases over time and does not occur to the same degree with unipolar emotions. Of note, the decline in memory of mixed emotions is distinct from the pattern found for memory of negative emotions, implying that the recall bias is diagnostic of the complexity of mixed emotions rather than of any association with negative affect. Finally, the memory decay effect was driven by the felt conflict aroused by the experience of mixed emotions.
Symbolic Representation by Pigeons

The capacity for symbolic representation is a prerequisite for the development of human language because words, the basic units of language, are symbols that represent things. But symbolic representation may also serve a nonlinguistic role of organizing events into categories having the same meaning, and such a capacity could have considerable survival value for many species. In a number of experiments, my co-workers and I have found that pigeons that are trained to treat two different stimuli similarly also learn that those stimuli are commonly represented and, thus, that they have the same meaning. We have demonstrated evidence for such common representations in a number of ways, but perhaps the most convincing is when pigeons learn a new association involving one of the presumed commonly represented stimuli, and without further training demonstrate that they have learned a similar association involving the other stimulus. Furthermore, we have found that when pigeons are trained to treat two stimuli similarly, one of those stimuli is represented in terms of the other. These results have implications not only for the generality of cognitive processes across species, but also for the generality of symbolic representation beyond language use.
Understanding bond risk premia

We decompose yields into long-horizon expected inflation and maturity-related cycles to study the predictability of bond excess returns. Cycles capture the risk premium and the business cycle variation of short rate expectations. From cycles, we construct a forecasting factor that explains up to above 50% (30%) of in-sample (out-of-sample) variation of annual bond returns. The factor varies at a frequency higher than the business cycle, and predicts real activity at long horizons. It also aggregates information from different macro-finance predictors of bond returns. Our decomposition reveals why bond returns are predictable by a linear combination of forward rates or the term spread.
Trade‐Offs in Cereal Rye Management Strategies Prior to Organically Managed Soybean

Agronomy Journa l • Volume 110 , I s sue 4 • 2018 Weed management in organic systems is laborintensive, and weeds often contribute to lower yields. Traditionally, organic agriculture has relied on soil tillage and cultivation for weed control. However, tillage is fueland labor-intensive, and excessive tillage leads to soil compaction and destruction of soil structure. No-till has been promoted as an alternative that reduces fuel and labor expenses associated with tillage, preserves soil structure, reduces compaction, and improves overall soil health. However, no-till management, especially continuous no-till, can be challenging in organic systems where synthetic herbicides are prohibited. Soil health has been defined as, “the continued capacity of the soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals, and humans” (USDA-NRCS, 2017), and improving soil health is a founding principle in organic agriculture. Traditionally, soil chemical and physical properties have dominated the dialogue around soil health and soil quality but increasingly, the critical role of soil biology is being recognized (Lehman et al., 2015). All three components are essential to the functioning of the soil ecosystem. The chemical health of the soil is determined by the availability of microand macronutrients, pH, cation exchange capacity, the salinity/sodicity of the soil, and the presence of heavy metals (Moebius-Clune et al., 2016). Physical soil health is based on soil structure, which influences how much water can infiltrate, how much moisture is retained, the amount of microbial activity, and the stability of soil aggregates. Soil biological health involves the activity of soil biota, which play key roles in nutrient cycling, preservation of soil structure and fertility, control of erosion, mitigation of floods and droughts, and control of pests and pathogens, among other functions (Lehman et al., 2015). Cover crops are a potential solution for both managing weeds and improving soil health in organic production. Cover crops seeded in the fall can out-compete weeds both in the fall and in the spring before planting, and have the potential to decrease weed–crop competition by reducing weed abundance and seed rain, producing phytotoxic chemicals, immobilizing nutrients, producing smothering residues, and changing soil structure and quality (Hodgdon et al., 2016). Cover crop benefits to soil health include reducing erosion, runoff, and nitrate leaching; increasing soil water infiltration and storage; enhancing microbial populations and habitat for beneficial insects; and reducing root disease Trade-Offs in Cereal Rye Management Strategies Prior to Organically Managed Soybean
Rainfall Redistribution by an Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) Forest Canopy in the Caspian Forest, North of Iran

Gross rainfall (GR) partitioning into throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF) and interception loss (I) was studied in a pure oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest located in the central Caspian region of northern Iran. Measurements were performed on a rainfall event basis in a 5625 m 2 plot of the Kheyrud Forest Research Station of Tehran University during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. GR was measured with three rain gauges located on the ground in an open area approximately 160 m apart from the study plot. Thirty-six manual gauges were used to collect the TF and were placed randomly underneath the canopy. SF was collected with spiral type SF collection collars from six selected beech trees. Interception losses were calculated as the difference between GR and the sum of TF and SF. Over the measurement period, 53 GR events were recorded. Cumulative GR depth was 1,001.5 mm; TF amount was 728 mm; SF was 32.3 mm, and I was 241.2 mm. The average of TF/GR, SF/GR, and I/GR ratios for each rainfall events were 69.4%, 2.5% and 28.1%, respectively. TF, SF, and I were found to be closely related to GR amounts. A strong positive correlation was found between SF/GR and GR (R 2 = 0.9). Significant correlations were also observed between I/GR and GR (R 2 = 0.581) as well as between TF/GR and GR (R 2 = 0.414). It was observed that for small GR events a large portion of the incident GR wetted the canopy and, subsequently, contributed to the evaporation losses of the intercepted rain. Results of the study demonstrate how I represents a remarkable percentage of the incident GR and how TF and SF are both strongly affected by GR itself.
Spillover from the Haven: Cross-Border Externalities of Patent Box Regimes Within Multinational Firms

This paper analyzes externalities of patent box regimes in Europe. Tax reductions in foreign affiliates of a firm that also provide a profit shifting opportunity reduce the user cost of capital and thereby increase domestic investment. We test this mechanism for the case of research activity. By combining information on patents, firm ownership data and specific characteristics of patent box regimes, we show that patent box regimes without nexus requirements for tax-efficient reallocation of patent profits induce positive spillovers within multinational groups. The implementation of a patent box in a country one of the foreign affiliates of a firm resides, increases domestic research activity by about 74 percent or 2 percent per implied tax rate differential. Furthermore, our findings suggest that patent boxes generate negative spillovers on average patent quality. This has important implications for international tax policy and the evaluation of patent box regimes.
Methodology for the collaboration in supply chains with a focus on continuous improvement

A collaborative relationship between companies in a supply chain makes it possible to improve both the performance and the results of the companies and of the supply chain. Several studies have analyzed supply chains, but few studies have proposed the application of tools for continuous improvement in a collaborative manner within the supply chain. The objective of this work is to present a methodology for the collaboration in a supply chain with a focus on continuous improvement. Three case studies were conducted with Brazilian multinational focal companies that manufacture technology-based products. It was seen that relationships, trust, the exchange of information, and the sharing of gains and risks sustains collaborative practices focused on continuous improvement. The proposed methodology considers the need for supplier development, for the monitoring of the supplies, and for the development of a partnership for problem solving through the application of tools for continuous improvement.
Nutrient Composition and Protein Quality of Four Species of the Curcubitaceae Family

The kernels of most Curcubitaceae species have tremendous food value in Africa where protein-energy malnutrition is high but they are not widely used in food preparations. This study assessed the nutritional composition and protein quality of four species of Curcubitaceae seeds using laboratory rats. Moisture, ash, fibre, minerals and protein of the Curcubitaceae seeds were determined. Rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of five and were fed for four weeks on the following diets: the four species of the Curcubitaceae seed meal and control diets of Soya Bean Meal (SBM), protein free diet and normal rat chow respectively. Their urine and faeces were collected for analysis and feed intakes determined. After four weeks feeding, the rats were weighed, lyophilized and protein utilization determined. The moisture, crude protein, fat and ash content of the seeds were 5.44-6.66, 30-36, 44-58 and 3.18-4.90%, respectively. Crude fibre was less than 2.5%. The Curcubitaceae seeds contained high amounts of: Zn (5.0-7.1 mg/100 g), Cu (1.4-7.9 mg/100 g) and Fe (5.6-8.5 mg/100 g). All the seeds had good protein quality as judged by the PER (0.75-1.36) and (NPU) (46.10-69.10). The four Cucurbitaceae seeds have good protein quality, fat and minerals which may help reduce under nutrition. These are important food resources and thus their consumption should be promoted.