Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Shadow Banking in the Monetary Transmission Mechanism

I show in a Bayesian Vector Autoregression that monetary policy tightening decreases bank lending but raises lending by non-bank financial institutions (NBFI, or shadow banks). To explain this finding, I develop a theoretical model that distinguishes between banks and NBFI based on their different abilities to raise debt and equity funding. The functional form for both intermediaries imposes no constraints ex ante, but a Bayesian estimation of key parameters results in banks having a comparative advantage at raising debt while NBFI are better at raising equity. Households, the savers in the economy, make a portfolio decision among different debt and equity instruments. Qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to my empirical observations, model shadow bank lending moves in the opposite direction to bank lending following monetary policy shocks, which mitigates aggregate credit responses. The recognition of a distinct shadow banking sector results in an amplified propagation of real shocks and a muted propagation of financial shocks.
tenofovir ‐ based regimens during treatment failure of subtype C HIV ‐ 1 in South Africa

(1) Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (2) Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa (3) Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa (4) HIV Drug Resistance and Diagnostics Development Unit; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (6) School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Corresponding author: Christopher J. Hoffmann, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1550 Orleans St, CRB II Rm 1M‐07, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA tel: 410‐614‐4257; fax: 410‐955‐0740; e‐mail: choffmann@jhmi.edu
Solvolytic liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres: Analysis of product fractions using FTIR and pyrolysis-GCMS

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers were subjected to solvolytic liquefaction to convert into liquid products using ethylene glycol (EG) as a supporting agent. The process was carried out at 250˚C for 60 min. The water-insoluble product fraction was exhaustively extracted with acetone (ASL fraction) to separate all less polar. FTIR and comparative analytical pyrolysis GC/MS of the parent EFB fiber and the ASL fraction confirmed the formation of larger amounts of long-chain lipophilic compounds under liquefaction conditions. Furthermore, a considerable amount of less polar thermal lignin degradation products were obtained comprising all of the three main lignin building blocks, i.e. 4-hydroxyphenyl- (P units), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl- (G units) and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl (S units) substituted compounds. 4-Prop-2-en-1-yl substituted phenolic compounds contributed mostly to the cumulated peak area of all lignin derived pyrolysis products obtained by analytical Curie point pyrolysis GC/MS at 600°C. The results of both instrumental-analytical methods confirm the formation of phenol and its derivatives, furan derivatives, organic acids, hydrocarbon, ester, benzene groups and alcohols.
EFFECT OF ASHWAGANDHA (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA) ROOT POWDER SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE CORE MUSCLE STRENGTH AND STABILITY IN HOCKEY PLAYERS

Withania Somnifera (WS) is having significant effects on anti -inflammatory, nervine tonic, nerve soothing, antioxidant, immunomodulator, free radical scavenger,adaptogen, antiarthritic, antispasmodic, anti -stress and anti-cancer. But ergogenic value of WS as nutritional supplement is yet to be established. Objectives: Present study was designed to investigate the effect of supplementation of WS on the Core Muscle Strength and Stability in Hockey Players. Method: Thirty two male hockey players, with a mean age of 17.3 ± 1.8 years and BMI 20.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2 volunteered for the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups Group I (n= 24): Withania somnifera group (experimental group) and Group II (n=24): Placebo ( control) group. The experimental group received 500 mg capsules of aqueous roots of Ashwagandha twice daily for eight weeks, whereas the placebo group received starch capsules. Core Muscle Strength & Stability was assessed with Mackenzie B. (2002) Core Muscle Strength and Stability Test in both experimental and control groups before and after the administration of Withania somnifera and placebo respectively. Results: A significant improvement in the Core Muscle Strength & Stability after 4 weeks (t = 2.99, p< 0.021, on tail rest) and 8 weeks (t = 9.05, p < 0.02, one tail test) in experimental group was found. Whereas, no significant improvement in the control group for Core Muscle Strength & Stability after 8 weeks of placebo supplementation was found. Conclusion: Supplementation of Withania Somnifera improves Core
N bond rotation in triazinyl dithiocarbamates

The substituent and solvent effects on the rotation around a CeN amide bond were studied for a series of triazine dibenzylcarbamodithioates. The Gibbs free energies (DGz) were measured to be 16e18 kcal/mol in DMSO-d6 and toluene-d8 using variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-1H NMR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reproduced the experimental observations with various substituents, as well as solvents. From the detailed analysis of the DFT results, we found that the electron donating dibenzyl amine group increased the electron population on the triazinyl ring, which decreased the rotational barrier of the CeN bond in the dithiocarbamate group attached to the triazinyl ring. The higher electron population on the triazine moiety stabilizes the partial double bond character of the SeC bond, which competitively excludes the double bond character of the CeN bond. Therefore, the rotational dynamics of the CeN bond in dithiocarbamates can be a sensitive probe to small differences in the electron population of substituents on sulfur. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Dust in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium toward Cygnus OB2 No. 12

Observations made with the short-wavelength spectrometer of the Infrared Space Observatory are used to investigate the composition of interstellar dust in the line of sight to Cygnus OB2 No. 12, commonly taken as representative of the diffuse (low-density) interstellar medium. Results are compared with data for the Galactic center source Sgr A*. Nondetections of the 3.0 and 4.27 μm features of H2O and CO2 ices in Cyg OB2 No. 12 confirm the absence of dense molecular material in this line of sight, whereas the presence of these features in Sgr A* indicates that molecular clouds may contribute as much as 10 mag of visual extinction toward the Galactic center. The spectrum of Cyg OB2 No. 12 is dominated by the well-known 9.7 μm silicate feature; detection of a shallow feature near 2.75 μm indicates that the silicates are at least partially hydrated, with composition possibly similar to that of terrestrial phyllosilicates such as serpentine or chlorite. However, the 2.75 μm feature is not seen in the Galactic center spectrum, suggesting that silicates in this line of sight are less hydrated or of different composition. The primary spectral signatures of C-rich dust in the diffuse ISM are weak absorptions at 3.4 μm (the aliphatic C=H stretch) and 6.2 μm (the aromatic C=C stretch). We conclude, based on infrared spectroscopy, that the most probable composition of the dust toward Cyg OB2 No. 12 is a mixture of silicates and carbonaceous solids in a volume ratio of approximately 3:2, with the carbonaceous component primarily in an aromatic form such as amorphous carbon.
Hispanic Law Students’ Perceptions of Discrimination, Justice, and Career Prospects

In this study,ethnic and gender discrimination perceived by minority students was investigated in a sample of 118 Hispanic law school students. Despite governmental efforts at promoting affirmative action practices,perceived discrimination can act as a barrier in the legal profession that keeps minority and female attorneys from advancing in the profession. Results were consistent with the hypotheses,suggesting that (a) female students anticipated more discrimination in the legal profession than male students; (b) the higher the perceived discrimination,the less fair the students perceived the promotion process in their future law firm will be; and (c) the lower the perceived fairness of the promotion process,the lower the satisfaction with their chosen career (the law profession) and the lower the respondents’ perceived career prospects. Practical implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
Baseline neurocognitive scores in athletes with attention deficit-spectrum disorders and/or learning disability.

OBJECT Up to 16% of children in the US between the ages of 3 and 17 years have either attention deficit-spectrum disorder or a learning disability (LD). Sports-related concussions among youth athletes represent a significant public health concern, and neurocognitive testing is a method to evaluate the severity of cognitive impairment and recovery after a sports-related concussion. The goal of this study was to assess baseline neurocognitive differences between athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or LD versus those with neither disorder and to establish normative data for these special populations. METHODS Between August 2007 and March 2012, 6636 young athletes underwent baseline neurocognitive testing performed using the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery. Of these participants, 90 had self-reported LD only, 262 had self-reported ADHD only, and 55 reported both. Those with ADHD and/or LD were matched with 407 participants with no history of ADHD or LD by age, sex, and number of prior concussions. The mean scores and SDs were calculated for each group to obtain normative values. A pairwise comparison between each diagnostic group was done to assess whether LD and/or ADHD diagnostic status predicted participants' baseline neurocognitive scores. RESULTS Participants with ADHD had significantly lower verbal memory, visual memory, and visual motor processing speed scores, along with significantly higher reaction time, impulse control, and symptom scores compared with those without LD or ADHD. Participants with LD had similar results, with significantly lower verbal memory, visual memory, and visual motor processing speed scores, higher reaction time and symptom score, but did not differ in their impulse control score compared with those without LD or ADHD. Participants with both LD and ADHD had a significantly lower visual motor speed score and a significantly higher reaction time and symptom score than those without LD or ADHD, but did not differ with regard to the other composite scores. CONCLUSIONS Athletes with ADHD and/or LD have lower baseline ImPACT neurocognitive scores compared with athletes without ADHD and LD. Preliminary normative neurocognitive data for these special populations are provided.
Paleomagnetism of the Upper Riphean Lakhandinskaya Group in the Uchuro-Maiskii Area and the Hypothesis of the Late Proterozoic Supercontinent

The results of paleomagnetic studies on rocks of the Neryuenskaya and Ignikanskaya Formations of the Late Riphean Lakhandinskaya Group (the Uchuro-Maiskii Riphean hypostratotype, southeastern Sibe- rian Platform) are presented. The direction of the inferred characteristic component of magnetization is inde- pendent of magnetic mineralogy and persists over at least a few tens of kilometers but varies, on a significant level, from the bottom to top of the section. The data obtained indicate a prefolding age of the characteristic component. The paleomagnetic poles from the study rocks clearly differ from younger poles of the Siberian Platform. All these data point to the fact that the inferred characteristic component was acquired at the time of or shortly after the deposition of the Lakhandinskaya Group. Taking into account recent paleomagnetic data on the Middle Riphean Malginskaya Formation, results of this current work suggest, depending on the choice of the paleomagnetic direction polarity, two possible scenarios for relative movements of the Siberian Platform and Laurentia in a 1100-1000-Ma interval. One of these scenarios contradicts the hypothesis on Siberia as a part of the Rodinia supercontinent. The second scenario, which implies a variation in the generally accepted polarity for one of the cratonic blocks considered, is in a good agreement with this hypothesis but requires a coincidence of northern Laurentia with south-southeastern Siberia, rather than with its northern part, as is assumed in most reconstructions.
Screening for eating disorders: false negatives and eating disorders not otherwise specified

OBJECTIVE: To study the problem of false negatives in the screening for eating disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We administered the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT40) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) to 186 Italian female students (age 17.68 ± 0.9; BMI 20.84 ± 2.69). Then we submitted not only high-scorers but also all the subjects to a semi-structured diagnostic interview (Eating Disorder Examination - EDE 12.0D). The diagnosis of eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) was applied to cases which met all the DSM-IV criteria for AN and/or BN with one exception. RESULTS: 17 girls (9.1%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: 1 bulimia nervosa full-syndrome and 16 EDNOS. Of the 17 girls 11 were EAT low-scorers (< 30) and 8 were EDI low-scorers (< 50); 5 subjects scored below the cutoff on both instruments. We calculated sensitivity (35.3%), specificity (88.8%), positive predictive value (PPV, 24.0%) and negative predictive value (NPV, 93.2%) of the EAT40; the respective values for the EDI were 52.9% (sensitivity), 85.2% (specificity), 26.4% (PPV) and 94.7% (NPV). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our data show that the introduction of the EDNOS diagnoses increases the PPV of the two questionnaires but lowers their sensitivity. We conclude that using a two stage screening approach leads to a very high rate of false negatives with a significant underestimation of the prevalence of eating disorders, particularly of EDNOS.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology The Major Reverse Transcriptase – Incompetent Splice Variant of the Human Telomerase Protein Inhibits Telomerase Activity but Protects from Apoptosis

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; the catalytic protein subunit of telomerase) is subjected to numerous alternative splicing events, but the regulation and function of these splice variants is obscure. Fulllength hTERT includes conserved domains that encode reverse transcriptase activity, RNA binding, and other functions. Themajor splice variant termedaþb orb-deletion is highly expressed in stemand cancer cells, where it codes for a truncated protein lacking most of the reverse transcriptase domain but retaining the known RNAbinding motifs. In a breast cancer cell panel, we found that b-deletion was the hTERT transcript that was most highly expressed. Splicing of this transcript was controlled by the splice regulators SRSF11, HNRNPH2, and HNRNPL, and the b-deletion transcript variant was associated with polyribosomes in cells. When ectopically overexpressed, b-deletion protein competed for binding to telomerase RNA (hTR/TERC), thereby inhibiting endogenous telomerase activity. Overexpressed b-deletion protein localized to the nucleus andmitochondria and protected breast cancer cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Our results reveal that a major hTERT splice variant can confer a growth advantage to cancer cells independent of telomere maintenance, suggesting that hTERT makes multiple contributions to cancer pathophysiology. Cancer Res; 73(9); 2817–28. 2013 AACR.
Effects of Intramuscular Injection of Autologous Immunoglobulin on Clinical Severity and Serum IgE Concentration in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Background/Objective: The management of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is often difficult for both patients and physicians. We hypothesized that repeated intramuscular injections of autologous immunoglobulin can induce clinical improvement in patients with AD by correcting immune dysfunction. Methods: Seventeen adult patients with severe AD were treated by intramuscular injection of 50 mg autologous immunoglobulin (mainly IgG with a purity ≥97%) twice a week for 4 weeks. The standardized clinical severity scoring system for AD (SCORAD) value and serum IgE concentration were measured at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: SCORAD values and serum IgE concentrations significantly decreased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared to baseline (p < 0.05). No significant side effects were observed. Conclusions: Repeated intramuscular injections of autologous immunoglobulin significantly decreased the clinical severity and serum IgE concentration in patients with severe AD. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical significance of these findings.
Empirical Application of the Housing Market No-Arbitrage Condition: Problems, Solutions and a Finnish Case Study

The often used housing price-to-income and housing price-to-rent ratios are problematic in housing market analysis and may result in misleading conclusions. Instead, the no-arbitrage condition of housing market is a theoretically sound basis to evaluate if housing prices are misaligned. Unfortunately, empirical applica-tion of the no-arbitrage condition has notable complications. This article reviews these complications and suggests some solutions to them. The use of implied expected appreciation derived from the no-arbitrage condition is recommended. It is also claimed that the real appreciation is better to use than the nominal one in the no-arbitrage computations. Furthermore, the paper shows that the maintenance costs as a fraction of housing price vary substantially in time and location, which may significantly affect the equilibrium housing price level relative to rental prices. An empirical application of the no-arbitrage relation using data from ten Finnish cities shows that housing price level in 2007 was not based on high expected appreciation. This lowers the fears for a price bubble.
Improving the Supply Process in an Interventional Procedures Unit

In the combined cardiac catheterization and interventional radiology unit of an urban Midwestern hospital, having supplies when and where they are needed is necessary for efficiently and safely completing a wide variety of procedures. Due to the complexity of the supply chain process in this setting, baseline data collection revealed many missing supplies, overnight shipments, and expired items. In this project, the MSN student sought to determine whether a Clinical Nurse Leader driven Lean Six Sigma based approach to supply chain interventions in the interventional procedures setting would improve outcomes and lead to financial savings by decreasing waste and variation. The DMAIC model was used as a framework for the project and a three phase Kaizen improvement project was developed with the final stage being implementation of a two-bin (kanban) supply storage and ordering system. This paper will provide an introduction to the clinical microsytem, a literature review of evidence regarding the proposed intervention, a description of the DMAIC framework, an outline of the clinical protocol, and a final evaluation of its implementation. While installation of the two-bin system is currently awaiting funding approval, analysis of changes made in preparation thus far include a decrease in the number of items missing each morning, a decrease in number of overnight shipments, and a decrease in expired items. Significant financial savings have also been achieved, which will be discussed. Moving forward, Lean Six Sigma is a promising approach to attaining further sustainable improvements in the supply process. The Clinical Nurse Leader is in an optimal position to combine knowledge of healthcare processes and team management skills to continue implementation of the proposed intervention.
Tilburg University ERP implementation , strategic competition and corporate performance

Why or how ERP implementation would influence firm performance? The existing literature and practice did not address this issue clearly, but more focused on how to successfully implement ERP systems or what the impediments of ERP implementation were. We pointed out that a systematic framework was needed in order to understand the impact of ERP system on firm performance. In this paper, we developed a conceptual framework with the aim to open the black box of the relation between ERP implementation and firm performance based on strategic competition theory. Our paper contributed to the ERP literature by enriching our knowledge of the underlying mechanism through which ERP implementation took effect on corporate performance.
Intergenerational Real Wages, Technological Change, and Economic Growth in Colombia

This paper focuses on the decomposition of real wages in Colombia both by workers’ ages and by cohorts, which overlap over time. The paper analyses how the Colombia’s labour structure has undergone important changes in the period 1982-2007. This period has been characterized by a demographic transition that has tilted the balance from a relatively young population to an older one. The effects of capital accumulation have been estimated and modelled considering the presence of ever more sophisticated machinery, usually replacing less-skilled, younger workers, in relation to older and more qualified ones. In general real wages present a curved shape for each generation, as is acknowledged in the life-cycle hypothesis, according to which people generally start their working life with low incomes and rising debts and then obtain higher income and accumulate assets.
Broad, Hybrid Capture–Based Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Actionable Genomic Alterations in Lung Adenocarcinomas Otherwise Negative for Such Alterations by Other Genomic Testing Approaches

Purpose: Broad, hybrid capture–based next-generation sequencing (NGS), as a clinical test, uses less tissue to identify more clinically relevant genomic alterations compared with profiling with multiple non-NGS tests. We set out to determine the frequency of such genomic alterations via this approach in tumors in which previous extensive non-NGS testing had not yielded a targetable driver alteration. Experimental Design: We enrolled patients with lung adenocarcinoma with a ≤15 pack-year smoking history whose tumors previously tested “negative” for alterations in 11 genes (mutations in EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, MAP2K1, PIK3CA, and AKT1 and fusions involving ALK, ROS1, and RET) via multiple non-NGS methods. We performed hybridization capture of the coding exons of 287 cancer-related genes and 47 introns of 19 frequently rearranged genes and sequenced these to deep, uniform coverage. Results: Actionable genomic alterations with a targeted agent based on NCCN guidelines were identified in 26% [8 of 31: EGFR G719A, BRAF V600E, SOCS5-ALK, HIP1-ALK, CD74-ROS1, KIF5B-RET (n = 2), CCDC6-RET]. Seven of these patients either received or are candidates for targeted therapy. Comprehensive genomic profiling using this method also identified a genomic alteration with a targeted agent available on a clinical trial in an additional 39% (12 of 31). Conclusions: Broad, hybrid capture–based NGS identified actionable genomic alterations in 65% [95% confidence interval (CI), 48%–82%] of tumors from never or light smokers with lung cancers deemed without targetable genomic alterations by earlier extensive non-NGS testing. These findings support first-line profiling of lung adenocarcinomas using this approach as a more comprehensive and efficient strategy compared with non-NGS testing. Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3631–9. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by McCutcheon and Giaccone, p. 3584