Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the Model for Local Drowning Surveillance System in Northeastern Thailand.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence that the drowning fatality rate in Thailand has been increasing, particularly among children. The use of public health surveillance system in accident injury, specifically from drowning, at a community level is limited. This study aimed to develop a surveillance system to reduce risk of drowning in a rural area of Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD A 7-step process was used to develop a model for local drowning surveillance system based on community participation. The target population consisted of 182 informants, 562 participating surveillance networks, and 21,234 villagers in two sub-districts of Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand. Two similar sub-districts were chosen as comparison areas. RESULTS Fifteen months after implementation of the model for local drowning surveillance system (MLDSS) was introduced, improvements were found in all identified risk factors, and the incidence rate ratio of injury in the comparison areas was 23.36 times higher than in the target areas. CONCLUSION In the developing world where community bonds remain strong, governments need to encourage local officials, the private sector and the wider community to work together in solving the problem of drowning in their local areas. Such schemes will require national promotion and basic funding.
Machine Learning Technique in Time Series Prediction of Gross Domestic Product

Artificial intelligence is gaining ground the last years in many scientific sectors with the development of new machine learning techniques. In this research, a machine learning methodology is proposed in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) time series forecasting. Artificial Neural Networks are implemented in order to develop forecasting models for predicting the Gross Domestic Product. A Feedforward Multilayer Perceptron (FFMLP) was implemented since it is considered as the most suitable in times series forecasting. In order to develop the optimal forecasting model, several network topologies were examined by testing different transfer functions and also different number of neurons in the hidden layers. The results have shown a very precise prediction accuracy regarding the levels of Gross Domestic Product. The proposed technique based on machine learning can be very helpful in public and financial management.
Perceptions of cervical cancer risk and screening among transmasculine individuals: patient and provider perspectives

Abstract Transmasculine people (individuals assigned a female sex at birth who identify as male or masculine) are at risk of cervical cancer. Despite low rates of Pap test use in this population, research examining the determinants of cervical cancer screening among transmasculine individuals is scarce. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with 49 participants (32 transmasculine patients and 17 healthcare providers) in order to examine transmasculine individuals’ and healthcare providers’ perceptions of cervical cancer risk and screening among individuals on the transmasculine continuum. Overall, patients believed that transmasculine individuals should receive regular Pap tests, especially in the event of gynaecological concerns. While healthcare providers’ views varied, many perceived transmasculine individuals to be at low risk of cervical cancer. Contrary to existing screening guidelines, several providers believed that transmasculine individuals who did not engage in penile-vaginal intercourse with cisgender men, expressed discomfort about Pap testing or intended to obtain a hysterectomy might not need to be screened regularly or at all. Our findings underscore the importance of educating patients and providers about cervical cancer risk among transmasculine individuals and establishing evidence-based guidelines for cervical cancer screening in this underserved population.
Resident-Led Urban Agriculture And The Hegemony Of Neoliberal Community Development: Eco-Gentrification In A Detroit Neighborhood

RESIDENT-LED URBAN AGRICULTURE AND THE HEGEMONY OF NEOLIBERAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: ECO-GENTRIFICATION IN A DETROIT NEIGHBORHOOD by THEODORE T. PRIDE III May 2016 Advisor: Dr. David Fasenfest Major: Sociology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy This dissertation employs a Gramscian framework as an alternative approach to understand the utilization of neoliberal community-based development—which advocates free-market schemes to development, and a refocus from institutional and structural causes of poverty to endogenous community forces (social capital and community capacity building)—by low-income residents in hyper-abandoned and disinvested urban neighborhoods. Using a case study of resident-led neighborhood development in the low- income neighborhood of Brightmoor in Detroit, Michigan, I show how “everyday discourse” of urban decline in Detroit and the possible rehabilitation of the city shape the “common sense” understanding of the “problem-and-solution equation” associated with the process of neighborhood development. In doing so, I show how neoliberal interpretations of neighborhood development by residents can produce spaces of exclusion. Specifically, this study demonstrates the way in which resident-led urban agriculture, functioning through a “neoliberal ethic” of development, can trigger the process of eco-gentrification, causing the displacement of the most economically
Labor flexibility and innovation in new ventures

The study investigates how labor flexibility affects innovation in new ventures. More specifically, drawing upon a sample of 143 Greek ventures less than 8 years old, it examines empirically the individual and interactive effects of functional and numerical flexibility on product innovation. It also considers how these effects are moderated by the entrepreneur’s political skill. Results suggest that functional flexibility has a positive direct effect on incremental innovation, whereas numerical flexibility has a positive direct effect on radical innovation. The interactions between numerical and functional flexibility affect both types of innovation. The results also suggest that the labor flexibility–innovation relationship is positively moderated by the entrepreneur’s political skill. These findings point toward aspects of knowledge related with flexible labor engagement and entrepreneurial relational capital that affect innovation.
Building a Corpus of Errors and Quality in Machine Translation: Experiments on Error Impact

In this paper we describe a corpus of automatic translations annotated with both error type and quality. The 300 sentences that we have selected were generated by Google Translate, Systran and two in-house Machine Translation systems that use Moses technology. The errors present on the translations were annotated with an error taxonomy that divides errors in five main linguistic categories (Orthography, Lexis, Grammar, Semantics and Discourse), reflecting the language level where the error is located. After the error annotation process, we accessed the translation quality of each sentence using a four point comprehension scale from 1 to 5. Both tasks of error and quality annotation were performed by two different annotators, achieving good levels of inter-annotator agreement. The creation of this corpus allowed us to use it as training data for a translation quality classifier. We concluded on error severity by observing the outputs of two machine learning classifiers: a decision tree and a regression model.
The natural history of juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis: a 24-year retrospective case-control study.

UNLABELLED One hundred and thirty-five patients with juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis (JAS: less than 16 years at onset, mean 12.8 years) were compared to 135 adult-onset spondylitics (AAS: greater than 21 years at onset, mean 26.1 years), controlled for disease duration (24.5 and 23.5 years, respectively), to assess the outcome of juvenile-onset disease. Review was by postal questionnaire and health-assessment measures. The sex distribution was similar: 73% and 74% males, respectively. All parameters showed comparable outcome with the exception of the numbers in full-time employment (JAS 74%, AAS 56%; p less than 0.01) and total hip replacements (JAS 17%, AAS 4%; p less than 0.01). IN CONCLUSION (a) the premature hip is particularly at risk in ankylosing spondylitis; (b) there are few differences between the outcome of JAS and AAS; (c) overall, JAS patients do well in adulthood.
Child Care Expenses of America's Families

Nearly half of America's working families with a child under age 13 have child care expenses that consume on average 9 percent of their monthly earnings. Working low-income families, single parents, and families with younger children spend a considerably higher share of their earnings on child care. Families with earnings below the federal poverty level who pay for child care spend an average of 23 percent of their monthly earnings on childcare. The average dollar amount that a family spends on child care in a month varies widely across states, reflecting differences in state costs of living, but the share of earnings that a family spends does not.
Augmentation of host resistance to microbial infections by recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha

Recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha augmented resistance of mice to microbial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans. The effective doses of interleukin-1 alpha ranged from 0.01 to 10 micrograms per mouse, depending on the infecting organism, route of administration, and challenge dose. Intravenous interleukin-1 alpha was, dose for dose, more effective than intravenous muramyl dipeptide and lentinan against the P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae infections. Augmentation by interleukin-1 alpha of resistance to infection was also observed in P. aeruginosa-infected mice in a state of cyclophosphamide-induced leucopenia. Interleukin-1 alpha may be useful for controlling obstinate infections not curable by antimicrobial agents alone.
Piezoresistance Coefficients of (100) Silicon nMOSFETs Measured at Low and High ($\sim$1.5 GPa) Channel Stress

A flexure-based four-point mechanical wafer bending setup is used to apply large uniaxial tensile stress (up to 1.2 GPa) on industrial nMOSFETs with 0 to ~700 MPa of process-induced stress. This provides the highest uniaxial channel stress to date at ~1.5 GPa. The stress altered drain-current is measured for long and short (50-140 nm) devices and the extracted pi-coefficients are observed to be approximately constant for stresses up to ~1.5 GPa. For short devices, this trend is seen only after correcting for the significant degradation in the pi-coefficients observed due to parasitic source/drain series resistances (Rsd/)
Striatal cholinergic interneurons and Parkinson's disease

Giant, aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) have long been known to be key nodes in the striatal circuitry controlling goal‐directed actions and habits. In recent years, new experimental approaches, like optogenetics and monosynaptic rabies virus mapping, have expanded our understanding of how ChIs contribute to the striatal activity underlying action selection and the interplay of dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling. These approaches also have begun to reveal how ChI function is distorted in disease states affecting the basal ganglia, like Parkinson's disease (PD). This review gives a brief overview of our current understanding of the functional role played by ChIs in striatal physiology and how this changes in PD. The translational implications of these discoveries, as well as the gaps that remain to be bridged, are discussed as well.
A genome-wide scan for selection signatures in Yorkshire and Landrace pigs based on sequencing data

Pigs have experienced dramatic selection due to domestication, which has led to many different phenotypes when compared to their wild counterparts, especially in the last several decades. Currently, genome-wide scans in both cattle and humans showing positive selection footprints have been investigated. However, few studies have focused on porcine selection footprints, particularly on a genome-wide scale. Surveying for selection footprints across porcine genomes can be quite valuable for revealing the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic diversity. Here, we employed a medium sequencing depth (5–20x/site per individual, on average) approach called genotyping by genome reducing and sequencing (GGRS) to detect genome-wide selection signatures of two domestic pig breeds (Yorkshire and Landrace) that have been under intensive selection for traits of muscle development, growth and behavior. The relative extended haplotype homozygosity test, which identifies selection signatures by measuring the characteristics of haplotypes’ frequency distribution within a single population, was also applied to identify potential positively selected regions. As a result, signatures of positive selection were found in each breed. However, most selection signatures were population specific and related to genomic regions containing genes for biological categories including brain development, metabolism, growth and olfaction. Furthermore, the result of the gene set enrichment analysis indicated that selected regions of the two breeds presented a different over-representation of genes in the Gene Ontology annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Our results revealed a genome-wide map of selection footprints in pigs and may help us better understand the mechanisms of selection in pig breeding.
Effects of guided collaboration on sixth graders’ performance in logo programming

In this study we investigated whether guided collaboration would enhance elementary school students' achievement in learning to program in MSWLogo. Ninty- four sixth graders were randomly assigned to the individual-learning group, the free-collaboration group or the guided-collaboration group. All students were taught to follow the problem-solving steps of analysis, design, coding, debugging, and reflection, but only students of the guided-collaboration group were provided a worksheet that aimed to force students to carry out all specified activities at each step. A statistical analysis of students' test scores showed that the guided-collaboration group significantly outperformed the other two groups. The differences among the low achievers of the three groups were especially significant, indicating that they had benefited the most from guided collaboration. It was also found that guided collaboration promoted meaningful discussions among students, which had contributed to their better understanding of programming concepts and problem-solving skills, and hence better test scores.
Evolution of the cognitive profile in school-aged patients with severe TBI during the first 2 years of neurorehabilitation

Abstract Objective: Persistent post-injury cognitive, academic and behavioural deficits have been documented in children who sustained severe TBI during the school-age years. The major aim of this study was to examine and follow-up for 2 years the cognitive profile of a sample of post-injured patients (aged 6–16.11), in order to verify to what extent they recovered their intellectual functions after rehabilitation. Method: Twenty-six patients who received a specific neuropsychological treatment and three cognitive evaluations with WISC-III were selected from a pool of 77. Results: This group of patients showed a mild cognitive deficit at baseline, which improved over the 2 years to a borderline level. Despite the improvement in intellectual quotients and single sub-test scores achieved through rehabilitation, different recovery times were seen according to the function under study. The most common deficits are in processing speed, inferential and lexical-semantic skills. Conclusions: Detailed analysis of the WISC-III sub-tests allows for an accurate description of single cognitive functions after TBI. This allows one to make differential diagnoses between functional profiles and plan individualized rehabilitation treatments. Post-injured school-aged patients should receive rehabilitation for a period of at least 2 years, which is the time necessary for an at-least partial reorganization of basic cognitive functions.
Past and Present Perceived Attitudes of Schizophrenics in Relation to Rehospitalization

Summary Twenty-one schizophrenic patients from a depot injection clinic with frequent hospital admissions (relapsers) and 28 who had remained well for 18 months (non-relapsers) were compared using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Influential Relationships Questionnaire (IRQ), a modified version of the PBI. The scales measured patients' past and present representations of significant others, respectively. Results indicated that only present representations of significant others differentiated relapsers from non-relapsers. Subjects were followed up for a 9 month period. The readmitted (n = 8) and the non-readmitted (n = 41) groups were found to be different on the maternal care scales of the PBI and four of the six scales of the IRQ. The perceived attitudes of mothers of non-relapsers and non-readmitted patients tended to improve over time. The importance of the state-trait distinction of perceived attitudes in relation to re-admission to hospital is discussed.
Upper Limb Prosthetic Terminal Devices: Hands Versus Hooks

No one would argue that the human hand is the most complex and challenging structure of the human anatomy to replace and restore. The hand is an extremely complex structure which moves with a precision and dexterity that has long challenged the minds of researchers in medicine and engineering. Beyond its kine­ matic capabilities, the hand is also one of the most intricate sensory mechanisms of the human body—with unequaled proprioceptive and sensory feedback capabilities. With this in mind, it is easy to understand why prosthetic terminal devices today (hand and/or hook) offer very little in the way of true functional restora­ tion to individuals with upper limb defi­ ciencies. This is not meant to be critical of past devel­ opments, but puts into proper perspective the complexities and challenges of duplicating the human hand. Further emphasis of this is found in a commentary by Murphy in which he stated, "Though engineers and prosthetists have made substantial contributions, they need perspective and humility to inspire and guide the very long, sustained efforts required to re­ place even a few of the roles of the hand. " This challenge will doubtlessly keep researchers in prosthetics, and now those involved in ro­ botics, busy with the task of trying to duplicate the kinematic and sensory capabilities of the human hand for years to come.
Self-Interest and Attitudes about Legislation Controlling Alcohol

A stratified random sample of 505 adult Indiana residents living in households with telephones was surveyed using random-digit dialing to assess their attitudes about nine specific legislative proposals to control drunk driving or underage drinking and to assess the effects of self-interest on those attitudes. A two-stage Mitofsky-Waksberg design was used in the computer-assisted telephone-interview process. There was widespread support for all nine proposals, but self-interest, related to personal vulnerability for enforcement of those measures, reduced the support of regular drinkers for drunk-driving controls compared with nondrinkers' support. Parents of children aged 18 and younger were less likely than nonparents to support imposing parental liability for the consequences of children's underage drinking.
P-glycoprotein expression at diagnosis may not be a primary mechanism of therapeutic failure in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.

PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor cell P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression at diagnosis in children with rhabdomyosarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A panel of three anti-Pgp monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (C219, C494, and JSB-1) that recognize different Pgp epitopes was used to measure Pgp expression in rhabdomyosarcoma specimens obtained at diagnosis from 76 patients treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1969 to 1991. Two separate experiments using different immunohistochemical methods (immune alkaline phosphatase and immunoperoxidase) were performed to evaluate Pgp expression. The immunostaining was graded using a semiquantitative scale corresponding to the percentage of tumor cells with detectable staining. The influence of Pgp expression on outcome was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis with stepwise selection. The relationship between Pgp expression and clinical features was assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS Pgp expression at diagnosis did not predict worse overall survival or progression-free survival when tested in either experiment with C219, C494, or JSB-1 separately. No association was shown between Pgp expression and clinical features (clinical group, primary site, or histology) or response. However, in the immune alkaline phosphatase experiment, patients whose tumors had more than 10% tumor cell staining with all three mAbs had a significantly higher rate of estimated 5-year survival (78% +/- 10%) than did all other patients (38% +/- 8%; P = .025). In this instance, Pgp expression had independent prognostic value after adjusting for clinical group. CONCLUSION We found no strong association between Pgp expression at diagnosis and clinical features or extent of disease in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Depending on the criteria used to define it, high Pgp expression at diagnosis does not predict poor outcome. Although a large prospective study is needed to provide definitive conclusions, our findings suggest that Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance may not be a primary mechanism of therapeutic failure in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Urea cycle intermediate kinetics and nitrate excretion at normal and "therapeutic" intakes of arginine in humans.

We investigated the effects of a high dietary supplement of arginine on plasma arginine, ornithine, and leucine kinetics and on urea production and excretion in five healthy young adult men. Subjects received either 56 or 561 mg arginine.kg-1.day-1 for 6 days via a complete L-amino acid diet, and on day 7 a tracer protocol (first 3 h fasted; next 5 h fed) was conducted, involving primed constant intragastric infusions of L-[15N2-guanidino,5,5-2H2]arginine, L-[5-13C]ornithine, L-[5,5,5-2H3]leucine, and [15N2]urea, with a prime of H13CO3. Plasma arginine and ornithine fluxes increased significantly (P < 0.05) with arginine supplementation, as did the rate of conversion of plasma labeled arginine to ornithine (P < 0.05) and rate of ornithine oxidation (P < 0.001). However, absolute changes in ornithine kinetics were less than those for arginine or those based on changes expected from the change in arginine intake, implying a complex compartmentation in both whole body arginine and ornithine metabolism. The plasma NO3 concentration, daily output of total NO3, and conversion of [15N]arginine to NO3 did not differ between the diets. Urea production and excretion were reduced significantly with arginine supplementation, suggesting an anabolic effect on the whole body nitrogen economy, possibly via the raised plasma insulin levels (P = 0.013) during the prandial phase.