Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Bench Shirt on Sagittal Bar Path

Silver, T, Fortenbaugh, D, and Williams, R. Effects of the bench shirt on sagittal bar path. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1125-1128, 2009-Powerlifting, like many sports, uses specialized equipment to enhance performance and decrease the chance of injury. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether wearing a bench press shirt would alter the natural mechanics of the bench press, causing a more efficient lift when pressing the same weight as without the bench shirt. Participants (n = 5) completed 2 series of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press tests, with 1 week of rest in between 1 series without the bench shirt (no-shirt), and 1 series with a bench shirt (bench shirt). Results revealed that the vertical bar path ranges were significantly less in the bench shirt condition (35.7 ± 4.8 cm) compared with the no-shirt condition (40.2 ± 7.0 cm) (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the bar's optimal (81.4 ± 14.2 cm) and observed (96.7 ± 19.1 cm) total distances traveled in the no-shirt condition (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were found between the bar's optimal (71.6 ± 12.7 cm) and observed (86.3 ± 10.5 cm) total distances traveled in the bench shirt condition. These findings suggest that the bar path in bench shirt trials is more efficient and consistent than in the no-shirt trials. This pattern demonstrates that a bench shirt can improve load capacity. It is also possible that the bench shirt decreases the forces that act on the shoulder for a given weight and, thus, may decrease the risk of injury.
Cadmium – glutathione solution structures provide new insights into heavy metal detoxification

Cadmium is a heavy metal and a pollutant that can be found in large quantities in the environment from industrial waste. Its toxicity for living organisms could arise from its ability to alter thiol‐containing cellular components. Glutathione is an abundant tripeptide (γ‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly) that is described as the first line of defence against cadmium in many cell types. NMR experiments for structure and dynamics determination, molecular simulations, competition reactions for metal chelation by different metabolites (γ‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly, α‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly and γ‐Glu‐Cys) combined with biochemical and genetics experiments have been performed to propose a full description of bio‐inorganic reactions occurring in the early steps of cadmium detoxification processes. Our results give unambiguous information about the spontaneous formation, under physiological conditions, of the Cd(GS)2 complex, about the nature of ligands involved in cadmium chelation by glutathione, and provide insights on the structures of Cd(GS)2 complexes in solution at different pH. We also show that γ‐Glu‐Cys, the precursor of glutathione, forms a stable complex with cadmium, but biological studies of the first steps of cadmium detoxification reveal that this complex does not seem to be relevant for this purpose.
Nano Silver Treatment is Effective in Reducing Bacterial Contaminations of Araucaria Excelsa R. Br. var. Glauca Explants

The downside of plant tissue culture techniques is an unwanted microbial contamination. Elimination of contaminants is the first step of any successful investigation on plant tissue culture. Preliminary experiments on Araucaria excelsa R. Br. var. glauca (Norfolk-Island pine) (syn.: A. heterophylla ) showed that most common decontaminants could not successfully eliminate the contamination. Therefore, nano silver (NS) colloids were evaluated for controlling contamination. Treatments were included soaking the explants in NS solution or adding NS to the culture medium. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with appropriate growth regulators for their establishment. Results showed that surface sterilization followed by treatment with 200 mg l−1 of NS with soaking time of 180 min reduced the bacterial contamination from 61.5% to 11.3% and adding 400 mg l^−1 NS to the medium reduced the bacterial contamination from 81.25% to 18.75%. Nano silver could be applied without adverse effects on plant growth and development. This is the first report on in vitro establishment of A. excelsa R. Br. using NS to reduce bacterial infections.
Coefficient decimation approach for realizing reconfigurable finite impulse response filters

A new approach to implement computationally efficient reconfigurable finite impulse response (FIR) filter is presented in this paper. If the coefficients of an FIR filter are decimated by M, i.e., if every Mth coefficient of the filter is kept unchanged and remaining coefficients are changed to zeros, a multi-band frequency response will be obtained. The resulting frequency responses will have centre frequencies at 2pik/M, where k is an integer ranging from 0 to M-1. If these multi-band frequency responses are selectively masked using inherently low complex wide transition-band masking filters, different low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and bandstop filters can be obtained. If every Mth coefficient is grouped together removing the zero coefficients in between, a decimated frequency response in comparison to the original frequency response is obtained. In this paper, we also show the design of a reconfigurable filter bank using the above approach.
Vedolizumab for Crohn's disease

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Currently, approved therapies that include prednisone, anti-metabolites and TNF antagonists, are often ineffective and frequently cause adverse effects. As a result, patients with CD can develop serious complications that adversely affect quality of life. Consequently, new treatment options are needed. Areas covered: This review discusses the potential role of vedolizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks lymphocyte trafficking to the gut, for the treatment of CD. All randomised placebo-controlled trials that evaluated vedolizumab for the treatment of CD were reviewed and safety and efficacy data evaluated. Expert opinion: Vedolizumab is an effective and well-tolerated drug that is an important advance for the treatment of CD.
envexpbot Merr . leaf

Theoretical studies suggest that partitioning leaf photosynthetic responses to CO2 partial pressures into two )mponents, sensitivity and acclimation, facilitates both scaling-up photosynthetic responses and predicting global rrestrial carbon influx. Here, we experimentally examine these two components by growing soybean ( Glycine ma.~ ) two CO1 partial pressures, 35 and 70 Pa, and making a suite of ecophysiological measurements on expanding and Ily expanded leaves. These CO2 treatments resulted in a variety of acclimation responses, including changes in net lotosynthetic rate and capacity, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and respiration. These responses were strongly pendent on leaf age. Despite the wide variety of acclimation responses, the experimentally derived photosynthetic lsitivity did not vary with CO2 treatments or leaf age. In addition, the photosynthetic sensitivity to ambient CO1 rtial pressure was consistent with the sensitivity to intercellular CO2 partial pressure, indicating little effect of \matal conductance on photosynthetic sensitivity. This study supports the theoretical conclusion that photosyn'tic sensitivity is independent of growth environment and leaf age, as well as photosynthetic acclimation, even \ugh the latter varies with both environmental and developmental factors. Accordingly, photosynthetic sensitivity y be directly extrapolated from leaf to globe to predict the increment in terrestrial carbon influx stimulated by the rly increase in atmospheric CO2, whereas the acclimation component must be used to adjust the overall global mate. @ 1999 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved.
Field trial evaluations of two different information inquiry systems

This paper presents the evaluations of the field trials of two information inquiry systems that use different speech technologies and different human-machine interfaces. The first system, RAILTEL, uses isolated word recognition and a system driven dialogue. The second system, Dialogos, understands spontaneous speech and implements a mixed initiative dialogue strategy. Both systems access the Italian Railway timetable by using the telephone over the public network. Both the systems were tested in extensive field trials by inexperienced subjects. Moreover a comparative trial with a limited number of subjects was performed in order to get some insights on the impact of the use of different speech technologies on the user behaviour. After a brief description of the two systems, the paper reports the details of the experimental set up of the trials and a discussion of the results.
Aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor em escolares de sete a 15 anos

Os beneficios do desenvolvimento da aptidao fisica sobre a saude estao bem evidenciados na literatura cientifica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a aptidao fisica relacionada ao desempenho motor de criancas e adolescentes e examinar as diferencas de acordo com sexo, idade, tipo de escola (publica ou privada) e regiao geografica da escola (urbana ou rural). Uma bateria de cinco testes motores foi aplicada a 526 alunos entre sete e 15 anos do ensino fundamental de Rio Grande, RS: salto em distância parado, arremesso de "medicine-ball", barra modificada, corrida de 20 metros e quadrado. Os resultados apontam que o desempenho em todos os testes foi superior para os rapazes e aumentou diretamente com a faixa etaria. Estes foram os principais preditores da aptidao fisica dentre as variaveis examinadas. O tipo de escola so teve influencia sobre o desempenho no teste de arremesso de "medicine-ball", em que alunos da rede privada obtiveram valores medios maiores. Escolares da zona urbana atingiram um melhor desempenho em todos os testes, exceto no teste de barra modificada (sem diferenca por regiao geografica). A realizacao de pesquisas com o mesmo enfoque em outras regioes do Brasil permitira explorar a consistencia destes achados e compreender possiveis diferencas.
The association of atopic dermatitis in infancy with immunoglobulin E food sensitization.

OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate the association of high levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to foods and the presence of atopic dermatitis (judged by reported topical steroid use during the first 16 months of life) in a birth cohort of 620 Australian children "at risk" of allergic disease because of family history. RESULTS A total of 559 of the children in the cohort were fully evaluated, and the cumulative prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 24%. More children in the cohort who had atopic dermatitis had strongly positive skin test results (> or = 4+, histamine equivalent units, > or = approximately 6-mm wheal), consistent with IgE food sensitization to either cow's milk, egg, or peanut at 6 months (22% vs 5%, chi(2) = 35; P < 10(-6)) and at 12 months (36% vs 11%, chi(2) = 41; P < 10(-6)) than those without atopic dermatitis. The calculated attributable risk percent for IgE food sensitization as a cause of atopic dermatitis was 65% and 64% at these times. In a separate group of infants with severe atopic dermatitis, the equivalent rates of IgE food sensitization at 6 months was 83% and at 12 months, 65%. CONCLUSION IgE food sensitization is a major risk factor for the presence of atopic dermatitis in infancy.
Compact antennas for wireless langasite SAW sensors

Wireless surface acoustic wave sensors are an attractive solution to harsh environment sensing. In this paper we explore several different compact antenna designs for use with langasite SAW devices. We find that folded dipole and meander dipole antennas represent a good compromise between physical size and efficiency of coupling between the antenna and the SAW device. Wireless operation has been achieved up to 650°C with a meander dipole that is about one quarter wavelength in the largest dimension.
Les crues sur le bas Rhône de 1500 à nos jours. Pour une histoire hydro-climatique

Les crues sur le bas Rhone sont etudiees sur une longue periode (1500-1994) et sur un secteur limite, pour l'essentiel Arles. Ce site offre le triple avantage de la presence de tres riches sources historiques, d'une stabilite reconnue de son lit et d'une bonne continuite dans l'observation des hauteurs de crue par les riverains ou par les services specialises. L' etude de la repartition annuelle, mensuelle et decennale de ces crues permet de correler la frequence du gel des eaux du Rhone avec la frequence des crues de plus de 4 metres. La periode du «Petit Age glaciaire» (XVIe-XIXe siecle) coincide avec une frequence jamais atteinte au XXe siecle, avec des phases critiques tres prononcees (fin XVIe siecle; 1701- 1710 et 1811-1820). On constate aussi une forte proportion des crues de saison chaude (avril-septembre) au cœur des phases longues les plus froides.
Lethal and Dermonecrotic Activities of Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin: Biological Activities Induced by Cooperation of Two Nonlinked Components

The effect of separate injections of two components of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, designated Ia and Ib components, on the biological activities of the toxin was investigated. The intravenous injection of one component within 120 min after the injection of the other component killed mice. The activity of iota toxin was abolished by anti‐Ia or anti‐Ib antiserum. On the other hand, when Ib component was intravenously administered to mice given anti‐Ia antiserum within 120 min after the intravenous injection of Ia component, the lethal activity was completely neutralized, but when Ia component was injected into mice that were given anti‐Ib antiserum over 5 min after the injection of Ib component, the activity was not neutralized. The separate injections of Ia and Ib components in skin of guinea pigs indicated dermonecrosis at the injection site of Ib components, but not at the site of Ia components. Furthermore, when one component was intradermally injected in guinea pigs and then the other intraperitoneally, the dermonecrotic activity of the toxin was observed at the intradermal injection site of Ib component, but not at that of Ia component. From the data, it appears that the lethal and dermonecrotic activities of iota toxin are initiated by the binding of Ib component to specific sites on tissues.
MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs: What Has Been Learnt?

This paper reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of key policy instruments for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Based on a simple cross-country regression analysis, the paper argues that average Millennium Development Goal progress is likely to be too slow to meet education and health sector targets in a number of developing countries. The paper further shows that MDG achievement can be described by a transition path with declining rates of progress. More detailed analysis reveals that the transition toward universal primary school enrollment in poor countries with low initial enrollment has accelerated considerably in the more recent past. The main part of the paper then focuses on the role of demand versus supply-side factors in social service utilization in education and health. The review arrives at the following rules of thumb that reflect some of the key determinants of achievement of the Millennium Development Goals: First, specific single policy interventions can have a considerable impact on social service utilization and specific human development outcomes. For example, improving access to basic health services, in particular to vaccination, has been a key factor in reducing child mortality rates in a number of very poor countries. Second, demand-side policies have proved extremely effective, for example in raising school enrollment and attainment levels. However, there may be more scope for targeting the demand-side in the health sector. Third, policy effectiveness and efficiency are highly dependent on initial conditions and the specificities of the respective policy. Fourth, complementarities between MDG targets, in particular social service utilization, are likely to be very important.
Component Reliability Modeling of Distribution Systems Based on the Evaluation of Failure Statistics

The procedures of asset-management have been developed into a central element of network operation and planning in liberalised electric markets of power supply for the present. The method of asset management considers all relevant life cycle cost related to the network equipment and provides strategies for reinvestment, maintenance and fault elimination. However, the method requires practical information about the available failure statistic from distribution networks, as well as about the reliability evaluation of equipment installed in distribution network. For the quantitative evaluation we collect failure record data of distribution networks in the special failure statistic. Furthermore, this paper represents the first attempt at modeling the component reliability for representative electrical components due to electrical stress, mechanical stress, temperature and time, which takes general aging mechanisms of insulating materials into consideration. Thus the proposed models provide reliability estimates, e.g. failure probability and failure rate for distribution systems. These models can be not only parameterized with a great deal of statistical data but also determined by aging tests and breakdown tests being available for the probabilistic assessment. Our results imply that the assessment approach for component reliability will motivate a need for reasonable and accurate data at an early decision-making stage in future deregulation of electric power market.
Struggling for sense of control: Everyday life with chronic pain for women of the Iraqi diaspora in Sweden

Background: As dispersed ethnic populations in Swedish society expand, the healthcare system need to adapt rehabilitation services according to their needs. The experiences of trauma and forced resettlement have a continuing impact on health and musculoskeletal pain, as well as the intersecting structures that prerequisite the possibilities in the new country. To understand the specific needs of women from the Iraqi diaspora in Sweden, there is a need to elucidate the effects of pain on their everyday life. Aims: To elucidate everyday life with chronic pain from the perspective of women from the Iraqi diaspora in Sweden. Methods: Qualitative interview study according to Glaser’s grounded theory. Results: The results from 11 interviews suggest that pain was associated with dependency on society as well as on family. It resulted in a struggle for sense of control, framed by faith in God, influenced by the healthcare system, and with support from family. The women’s testimony of lack of continuity of care, resulting in recollection of lived traumas in every visit, is a vital sign of the unconscious power relations within health care and how representatives from health care, instead of being the ones who help the women forward, become the ones who hold them back. Conclusions: The results show the importance of challenging the normative assumptions embedded in health care and treatment for patients with chronic pain and of including the voice of “others”.
DC-side fault current management in extended multiterminal-HVDC-grids

The global need for reliable and efficient energy supplies and the necessary shift from fossil fuels to regenerative sources imposes great challenges for improved electric power transmission. Extended HVDC-SuperGrids, covering large areas and distances, are considered to lead to very attractive solutions. While recent progress of power electronics has enabled suitable and extremely efficient converters, the best structure of a large DC-grid and the remaining other key components are still under investigation. This paper focuses on main problems, especially handling of fault currents or DC-short circuits in the grid. The interaction of the key components - Modular Multilevel Converters and DC-circuit breakers - is investigated.
Vorrömische Lautsubstrate auf der Pyrenäenhalbinsel ?

Auf der ganzen Pyrenäenhalbinsel erscheint anlautendes r in der Form eines gedehnten ('gemilderten*)Lautes: span. rrueda, rrana, rrey, rröble, rruido, port. rrabo, rregar, rriba usw. , katal. rram, rres, triba usw. Die gleiche Erscheinung ist typisch für die Gaskogne mit dem Unterschied, daß hier statt rr ein vokalisiertes arrauftritt, z. B. arrat 'rat', arre 'rien', arride 'rire', arroda 'roue'. Die Erscheinung wird einstimmig von allen Forschern als Substratwirkung einer vorrömischen Sprache aufgefaßt. Tatsächlich ist dem Baskischen in seinem alten einheimischen Sprachbestand statt eines r nur ein errbekannt. Lat. rege lebt fort als errege; statt Roma sagt man erroma; gallisch rika 'Furche* erscheint im Baskischen als erreka. Es entspricht also das Gaskognische mit seinem vokalischen Anlaut am genauesten dem baskischen Lautstand . Doch finden sich vereinzelte Reste eines vokalischen Anlautes auch im Aragonesischen (Alto Aragon), z. B. arrier < ridere, in den Ortsnamen Pueyarruego und Montearruego, die mit arruego (< *rocu) 'rot' zusammengesetzt sind, ferner Camparretuno (Campu rotundu), Arrigachuelo 'riachuelo'; s. Rohlfs, Le Gascon § 383 und Kühn, Revue deling. rom. 11, 1935, S. 111. Falsche Rückbildungen, z. B. roz 'arroz', roba 'arroba', riba 'arriba' zeigen, daß im Aragonesischen vermutlich arrfür rrbestanden hat. Mit der Verstärkung des anlautenden r scheint eng verwandt zu sein der auf der Pyrenäenhalbinsel weitverbreitete Ersatz von anlautendem l durch den Laut, der normal aus dem inlautenden -IIhervorgegangen ist. Dessen verbreitetste Entsprechung ist palatales l. Dieses Lautergebnis gilt für das gesamte katalanische Sprachgebiet und das arag.katal. Grenzland mit Ausstrahlungen im Süden bis nach Murcia, vgl. (entsprechend katal. gallina mit palatalem l) katal. llana, llibre, Hoc, lluna. Im Aragonesischen geht dieser Wandel über die westliche Ribagorza nicht hinaus; vgl. aus Benasque llum, llaurar 'labrar', llet 'leche', lluns 'lunes'. Ein anderes Gebiet, dem dieser Wandel eignet, liegt im Westen. Einen Überblick über seine Verbreitung und die lautlichen Sonderergebnisse gab H. Meier . Was dort gesagt wird, ist nicht ganz genau, bzw. es kann durch den heutigen Forschungsstand korrigiert
CNN-based single image obstacle avoidance on a quadrotor

This paper demonstrates the use of a single forward facing camera for obstacle avoidance on a quadrotor. We train a CNN for estimating depth from a single image. The depth map is then fed to a behaviour arbitration based control algorithm that steers the quadrotor away from obstacles. We conduct experiments with simulated and real drones in a variety of environments.
Diagnosis oriented test pattern generation

This paper addresses the generation of test patterns having diagnostic properties. The authors goal is to produce patterns able not only to detect, but also to distinguish faults in combinational circuits. A general formalization of the problem is first given; a new technique is then introduced to improve the diagnostic capabilities of a traditional automatic test pattern generation (ATPG); the experimental results showing its effectiveness are finally presented. <<ETX>>