Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTRAHOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION IN MIGRANT-SENDING FAMILIES

Abstract: This paper studies the distribution of resources within families with migrant member abroad. We derive a complete collective demand system with individual Engel effects for male and female adults and children, and the respective share of resources. The focus is on migrant-sending families in Albania, where gender and inter-generational inequalities are relevant social issues. The results show that the female share of resources is substantially lower with respect to an equal distribution and do not benefit from father’s migration. Children have a larger share of resources and benefit from their fathers migration, when women maintain control over family decisions and when the proportion of female children is larger (at the detriment of women).
The problems and causes of match-fixing: are legal sports betting regimes to blame?

Sport match-fixing has emerged as a complex global problem. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it critically reviews how match-fixing is typified as a policy problem. Second, it advances an analysis of the legal framework and regulatory system for sports betting as a causal source for “routinized” match-fixing. ,This study extracts and synthesises (cross-national) materials from policies, media releases and scholarly works on the subject of match-fixing and sports betting. The analysis is framed by the contrasts between rational choice and sociological institutionalist approaches. ,Match-fixing is typically attributed to: criminal organisations and illegal sports betting; vulnerable individuals; and failure of governance on the part of sports organisations. Each cause holds assumptions of utility-maximising actors and it is argued that due consideration be given to the fundamental risks inherent in legal sports betting regimes. ,Match-fixing in sport is a recurrent social problem, transcending national boundaries and involving a wide range of actors and, sporting disciplines and levels of competition. Within such an environment, it may matter little how strong the incentive structures and education programmes are, when betting on human beings is both normatively and cognitively advanced as a value and institutionally permitted as a practice. ,This paper argues that legal betting regimes paradoxically contribute to routinised match-fixing because: for betting customers there is no qualitative, ethical difference between legal and illegal operators; and legalisation serves to normalise and legitimate the view of athletes as objects for betting (like cards or dice).
Cellular changes in lipid metabolism in response to altered energy balance and heat stress in lactating dairy cows

22 Introduction 23 Materials and Methods 25 Animals 25 Feed Restriction (FR) 26 Growth Hormone (GH) Administration 26 Semi-Quantitative Western Blotting 27 Data Analysis 28 Results 29 Milk Production, Energy Balance and NEFA Concentration 29 Lipolytic Proteins 29 Discussion 30 Conclusions 35
Class Structure and Inequality During the Industrial Revolution: Lessons from England's Social Tables, 1688–1867

This paper measures the size and incomes of six major social classes across the Industrial Revolution using social tables for England and Wales in 1688, 1759, 1798, 1846, and 1867. Lindert and Williamson famously revised these tables, and this paper extends their work in three directions: First, servants are removed from middle and upper class households in the tables of King, Massie, and Colquhoun and tallied separately. Second, estimates are made for the same tables of the number and incomes of women and children employed in the various occupations, and, third, incomes are broken down into rents, profits, and employment income. These extensions to the tables allow variables to be computed that can be checked against independent estimates as a validation exercise. The tables are retabulated in a standardized set of six social groups to highlight the changing structure of society across the industrial revolution. Gini coefficients are computed from the social tables to measure inequality. These measures confirm that Britain traversed a ‘Kuznets curve’ in this period. Changes in overall inequality are related to the changing fortunes of the major social classes.
Store Design: Visual Complexity and Consumer Responses

Modern shopping spaces are full of sensory stimuli. Retailers, challenged by efficient online operators, tend to eagerly fill their stores with fixtures, furniture, decoration, displays, and product stock to provide experiential value to shoppers. Retailer efforts to attract consumers’ attention and maximize in-store experience can result in the exposure of consumers to a highly complex store environment, specifically from the visual perspective. Intangible stimuli, such as music and fragrance, are also routinely employed in stores, which may contribute to the increased sensory complexity. As visual sensation is the most dominant factor for people in perceiving and understanding the external environment, and marketing efforts heavily depend on visual communication, it is unsurprising that previous studies have emphasized the effects of visual complexity in understanding shoppers’ responses to grocery or deli store environments (Gilboa & Rafaeli, 2003; Nasar, 1987; Orth & Crouch, 2014; Orth & Wirtz, 2014; Orth, Wirtz, & McKinney, 2016). A store environment has both conscious and unconscious effects on consumers’ emotions. Environment can influence shopping behaviors including purchase intention (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982; Spence, Puccinelli, Grewal, & Roggeveen, 2014; Turley & Milliman, 2000), money or time spent in the store (Baker, Levy, & Grewal, 1992; Sherman, Mathur, & Smith, 1997), approach tendency (Bitner, 1992; Donovan, Rossiter, Marcoolyn, & Nesdale, 1994; Foxall & Greenley, 1999), and patronage (Wu et al., 2013). The store environment has a considerable effect on unplanned purchases by stimulating consumers’ cognitive and emotional status through product display or sensory stimuli (Chang, Eckman, & Yan, 2011; Inman, Winer, & Ferraro, 2009; Iyer, 1989; Piron, 1991; Silvera, Lavack, & Kropp, 2008). Creating an appealing store environment is an essential job for retail designers and managers, as it allows a unique and easy to recognize store image for consumers in highly competitive market conditions (Baker, Grewal, & Parasuraman 1994; Orth, Heinrich, & Malkewitz, 2012); it also positively affects consumer satisfaction and loyalty by boosting the store’s attractiveness and aesthetic value (Baker, Parasuraman, Grewal, & Voss, 2002; Vieira, 2010). The visual complexity of a store environment draws the attention of consumers and affects their emotional and behavioral response (Gilboa & Rafaeli, 2003; Orth & Wirtz, 2014; Orth et ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Intrareef variations in Li/Mg and Sr/Ca sea surface temperature proxies in the Caribbean reef-building coral Siderastrea siderea

Caribbean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have increased at a rate of 0.2°C per decade since 1971, a rate double that of the mean global change. Recent investigations of the coral Siderastrea siderea on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) have demonstrated that warming over the last 30 years has had a detrimental impact on calcification. Instrumental temperature records in this region are sparse, making it necessary to reconstruct longer SST records indirectly through geochemical temperature proxies. Here we investigate the skeletal Sr/Ca and Li/Mg ratios of S. siderea from two distinct reef zones (forereef and backreef) of the MBRS. Our field calibrations of S. siderea show that Li/Mg and Sr/Ca ratios are well correlated with temperature, although both ratios are 3 times more sensitive to temperature change in the forereef than in the backreef. These differences suggest that a secondary parameter also influences these SST proxies, highlighting the importance for site- and species-specific SST calibrations. Application of these paleothermometers to downcore samples reveals highly uncertain reconstructed temperatures in backreef coral, but well-matched reconstructed temperatures in forereef coral, both between Sr/Ca-SSTs and Li/Mg-SSTs, and in comparison to the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature record. Reconstructions generated from a combined Sr/Ca and Li/Mg multiproxy calibration improve the precision of these SST reconstructions. This result confirms that there are circumstances in which both Li/Mg and Sr/Ca are reliable as stand-alone and combined proxies of sea surface temperature. However, the results also highlight that high-precision, site-specific calibrations remain critical for reconstructing accurate SSTs from coral-based elemental proxies.
On the Use of Colour-Based Segmentation in Evolutionary Image Composition

Evolutionary algorithms have been widely used in the area of creativity in order to help create art and music. We consider the recently introduced evolutionary image composition approach based on feature covariance matrices [1] which allows composing two images into a new one based on their feature characteristics. When using evolutionary image composition it is important to obtain a good weighting of interesting regions of the two images. We use colour-based segmentation based on K-Means clustering to come up with such a weighting of the images. Our results show that this preserves the chosen colour regions of the images and leads to composed images that preserve colours better than the previous approach based on saliency masks [1]. Furthermore, we evaluate our composed images in terms of aesthetic feature and show that our approach based on colour-based segmentation leads to higher feature values for most of the investigated features.
Evaluation of modeled land‐atmosphere exchanges with a comprehensive water isotope fractionation scheme in version 4 of the Community Land Model

All physical process models and field observations are inherently imperfect, so there is a need to both (1) obtain measurements capable of constraining quantities of interest and (2) develop frameworks for assessment in which the desired processes and their uncertainties may be characterized. Incorporation of stable water isotopes into land surface schemes offers a complimentary approach to constrain hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, and yields acute insight into the hydrological and biogeochemical behaviors of the domain. Here a stable water isotopic scheme in the National Center for Atmospheric Research's version 4 of the Community Land Model (CLM4) is presented. An overview of the isotopic methods is given. Isotopic model results are compared to available data sets on site‐level and global scales for validation. Comparisons of site‐level soil moisture and isotope ratios reveal that surface water does not percolate as deeply into the soil as observed in field measurements. The broad success of the new model provides confidence in its use for a range of climate and hydrological studies, while the sensitivity of simulation results to kinetic processes stands as a reminder that new theoretical development and refinement of kinetic effect parameterizations is needed to achieve further improvements.
Epigenetic regulation of inhibin -subunit gene in prostate cancer cell lines

Inhibin was first identified as a gonad-derived regulator of pituitary FSH; however, it has subsequently been shown to be a tumour suppressor in the gonad and adrenal glands. Whereas non-malignant regions of human primary prostate carcinomas express inhibin -subunit (INHA), malignant tissues lack INHA transcript and protein, which is consistent with epigenetic regulation of the inhibin -subunit gene (INHA) promoter. This study investigated whether methylation of the INHA promoter was responsible for inactivation of INHA transcription and translation in the prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, DU145 and PC3. Methylation of the promoter was revealed by bisulphite genomic sequencing and use of inhibitors of methylation and histone deacetylation resulted in reactivation of the INHA transcription and translation. Significant (P<0·05) downregulation of a luciferase reporter gene downstream from a methylated INHA promoter compared with unmethylated INHA promoter occurred in vitro. The data demonstrate that promoter methylation is associated with downregulation of the INHA gene in prostate cancer cell lines, which is consistent with its tumour suppressive role. Therefore INHA has a significant role in prostate
Latent Variable Centering of Predictors and Mediators in Multilevel and Time-Series Models

Latent Variable Centering of Predictors and Mediators in Multilevel and Time-Series Models Tihomir Asparouhov & Bengt Muthén To cite this article: Tihomir Asparouhov & Bengt Muthén (2018): Latent Variable Centering of Predictors and Mediators in Multilevel and Time-Series Models, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2018. 1511375 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2018. 1511375
Baryon content in a sample of 91 galaxy clusters selected by the South Pole Telescope at 0.2 < z < 1.25

We estimate total mass (M-500), intracluster medium (ICM) mass (M-ICM), and stellar mass (M-star) in a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) selected sample of 91 galaxy clusters with masses M-500 greater than or similar to 2.5 x 10(14) M-circle dot and redshift 0.2 < z < 1.25 from the 2500 deg(2) South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. The total masses M-500 are estimated from the SZE observable, the ICM masses M-ICM are obtained from the analysis of Chandra X-ray observations, and the stellar masses M-star are derived by fitting spectral energy distribution templates to Dark Energy Survey griz optical photometry and WISE or Spitzer near-infrared photometry. We study trends in the stellar mass, the ICM mass, the total baryonic mass, and the cold baryonic fraction with cluster halo mass and redshift. We find significant departures from self-similarity in the mass scaling for all quantities, while the redshift trends are all statistically consistent with zero, indicating that the baryon content of clusters at fixed mass has changed remarkably little over the past approximate to 9 Gyr. We compare our results to the mean baryon fraction (and the stellar mass fraction) in the field, finding that these values lie above (below) those in cluster virial regions in all but the most massive clusters at low redshift. Using a simple model of the matter assembly of clusters from infalling groups with lower masses and from infalling material from the low-density environment or field surrounding the parent haloes, we show that the measured mass trends without strong redshift trends in the stellar mass scaling relation could be explained by a mass and redshift dependent fractional contribution from field material. Similar analyses of the ICM and baryon mass scaling relations provide evidence for the so-called 'missing baryons' outside cluster virial regions.
An Acoustical Analysis of the American English /l, r/ Contrast as Produced by Adult Japanese Learners of English Incorporating Word Position and Task Type

An Acoustical Analysis of the American English /l, r/ Contrast as Produced by Adult Japanese Learners of English Incorporating Word Position and Task Type Braden Paul Chase Department of Linguistics and English Language, BYU Master of Arts Adult Japanese learners of English (JLEs) are often stereotyped as being unable to produce or perceive the English phonemes /l/ and /r/. This study analyzed acoustic samples of /l/ and /r/ obtained from intermediate-level Japanese speakers in two variable contexts: word positions (initial/final) and task type (controlled/free). These tokens were subjected to acoustic analysis which is one way of comparing oral productions of native and non-native English speakers. Previous research has identified a lowered third formant (F3) as the hallmark of an American English /r/ as produced by a native speaker, independent of word position or task type. The results indicate that participants can produce appropriate and statistically significant differences (p<.001) between these two phonemes across word position and task type. Other findings indicate that neither task type nor word position had a significant effect on F3 values. These results indicate that Japanese speakers of English may have the ability to distinguish /l/ from /r/ without specialized pronunciation training, but these differences are less dramatic as identified by F3 frequency values that those produced by native English speakers when producing these contrasting phonemes. In most tokens, however, large effect sizes remained between JLE productions and NES standards.
On nonexistence of global solutions for some nonlinear integral equations

and be concerned with non-negative solutions. H. Fujita [1] has proved that equation (1.1) has a global solution u(ty x) for sufficiently small a{x) when ma>2 but (1.1) has no global solution for any φ ) ΐ θ when ma<2. Recently, K. Hayakawa [2] has proved that (1.1) has no global solution even in the critical case ma=2 if the dimension m equals 1 or 2 (and hence a=2 or 1, respectively). In this paper we shall treat this kind of blowing-up problem for a more general equation as follows. Let 0</3^2. Let F(u) be a nonnegative continuous function with F(0)=0, defined on [0, oo), satisfying the following conditions :
The unemployment blues: psychological effects of unemployment on the individual

Unemployed persons typically experience a range of negative psychological symptoms, referred to summarily as the 'unemployment blues'. The paper reviews psychological theories of unemployment which seek to explain the origins of the blues and the role of personal control and social support systems in dissipating them. The vexing question of the interrelationship between psychological and economic deprivation is explored. Drawing on survey data collected during the period 1987-89 among over 1300 unemployed black South Africans resident in three metropolitan areas, the paper describes individual experiences of the blues and personal efforts to overcome them. It is observed that persons who feel confident of their self-worth and feel they have control over their lives are capable of sustaining morale during unemployment. However, society undermines self-confidence in subtle ways. It is demonstrated that persons out of jobs incorporate society's views of unemployment into their individual reactions to their situation. A case is made for removing the social stigma attached to unemployment and providing better social and economic support systems for jobless persons. The aim is to soften the negative psychological effects of unemployment with a view to absorbing persons out of jobs into society's mainstream.
Training Effectiveness: Transfer Strategies, Perception of Support and Worker Commitment as Predictors Eficacia Formativa: Estrategias de Transferencia, Percepción del Apoyo y Compromiso del Trabajador como Predictores

Evaluation of training programs has received special research attention. Testing a training effec - tiveness model with the trainee's characteristics and work environment factors as predictors is the goal of the present study. A survey with 652 ex-trainees in a banking institution was conducted. The results show a model with a good fit. Effect sizes of ex-trainee strategies for the transfer of learning, perception of the organization's support for this transfer and work commitment were significant predictors of training effec - tiveness. These findings suggest that ex-trainees who act proactively, in the post-training work environ - ment, report more training effectiveness at work. They also suggest that the presence of transfer support and higher work commitment are related with more training effectiveness. The interaction between dispo - sitional and contextual variables is relevant to the development of a theory of training effectiveness on work.
Making Sense of Decoupling Through Narration: The Case of Fighting Corruption in Global Business

Previous organizational research on decoupling in the context of socio-environmental governance has suggested a trade-off between compliance and goal achievement, meaning that remedying the decoupling of policies and practices tends to jeopardize efforts to remedy the decoupling of means and ends. We expand on previous research on the trade-off between compliance and goal achievement by examining the spatiotemporal processes of sensemaking by which the meaning of compliance and achievement is negotiated among multiple actors. Taking a qualitative analytical approach we examine the evolution of anti-corruption policies at Siemens and affiliated actors, and describe how different anti-corruption narratives have developed over time at different locations and how they have been linked to each other. We explain that through narration actors develop a shared understanding of what it means to be compliant and successful and elaborate how the apparent tension between compliance and goal achievement is dissolved through story-telling. Our study contributes to decoupling re-search by examining the ideational-communicative dynamics underlying the social deconstruction of the compliance-achievement gap.
Back-Calculation of Fish Length from Scales: Empirical Comparison of Proportional Methods

Abstract We compared three proportional back-calculation methods for scales using data sets for pumpkinseeds Lepoinis gibbosus and golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas from 10 southern Quebec lakes, and we validated back-calculations by comparing them with observed lengths at time of annulus formation. Ordinary least-squares regression (OR) was compared with geometric mean regression (GMR) for describing body–scale relationships. Although minor differences were detected in body–scale regressions among lakes, pooling data across lakes yielded linear body–scale relationships with very high r 2. Differences between OR and GMR body–scale relationships were negligible in both species. Likewise, all back-calculation methods produced equivalent results. Back-calculated lengths generally corresponded well with observed lengths in all pumpkinseeds age-classes and in golden shiners older than l year. Observed lengths were often greater than back-calculated lengths for age-1 golden shiners. Our results, indicating.
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF PROSOPSIS JULIFLORA LEAF ON SEED GERMINATION AND RADICLE LENGTH OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM VAR-LOK-1)

Mesquite (Prosposis juliflora) aqueous leaf extract, prepared by 25 gm and 50 gm powder of dry leaf dissolved in 500 ml of double distilled water, were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and radicle length of Triticum aestivum var-Lok. Allelopathic effect of leaf extract of different concentrations (25 gm/500 ml (C ) and 50 grm/500ml (C ) of Prosopsis juliflora and its possible allelopathic effect tested in a 1 2 laboratory experiment ( Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. The experiment was conducted in sterilizes Petri dish with a 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 120 h time interval for seed germination and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for radicle length on an average of 25° C. The effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract were compared to distilled water (Control C ). Aqueous effect caused pronounced inhibitory effect on seed germination and root length 0. of receptor plant. Seed germination and root length results indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportion to the concentration of the extract. Inhibitory effect was much pronounced radicle length rather than germination. Hence, it could be concluded that the mesquite leaf aqueous extract contain water-soluble allelochemicals. Which could inhibit the seed germination and reduce radicle length of wheat. It is suggested that wheat should not be planted close to Prosopsis juliflora due to adverse effects on its growth.