Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stereotype threat spillover: how coping with threats to social identity affects aggression, eating, decision making, and attention.

Stereotype threat spillover is a situational predicament in which coping with the stress of stereotype confirmation leaves one in a depleted volitional state and thus less likely to engage in effortful self-control in a variety of domains. We examined this phenomenon in 4 studies in which we had participants cope with stereotype and social identity threat and then measured their performance in domains in which stereotypes were not "in the air. " In Study 1 we examined whether taking a threatening math test could lead women to respond aggressively. In Study 2 we investigated whether coping with a threatening math test could lead women to indulge themselves with unhealthy food later on and examined the moderation of this effect by personal characteristics that contribute to identity-threat appraisals. In Study 3 we investigated whether vividly remembering an experience of social identity threat results in risky decision making. Finally, in Study 4 we asked whether coping with threat could directly influence attentional control and whether the effect was implemented by inefficient performance monitoring, as assessed by electroencephalography. Our results indicate that stereotype threat can spill over and impact self-control in a diverse array of nonstereotyped domains. These results reveal the potency of stereotype threat and that its negative consequences might extend further than was previously thought.
Relationship between plasma BNP levels and left ventricular diastolic function as measured by radionuclide ventriculography in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Radionuclide ventriculography enables such parameters of the left ventricular (LV) function as the ejection fraction (EF), ejection rate (ER) and filling rate (FR) to be measured correctly. The impairment of the LV function in coronary artery disease (CAD) results in an increase in plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The aim of this study was to check whether the reduction of the average filling rate (AFR) leads to an increase in plasma BNP levels in patients with CAD and nEF and whether that increase is comparable to that occurring in subjects with a reduced PER. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population comprised 69 patients with CAD and 18 healthy subjects--a control group (CG). In all cases radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest and the plasma BNP level was estimated. RESULTS The plasma BNP concentration was significantly higher in the group with CAD than in those with CG . In patients with CAD and a decreased LVEF (dEF), the BNP level was significantly higher than in those with normal LVEF (nEF). In the subgroup with nEF and an AFR < or = 1.04 EDV/s, the level of plasma BNP was significantly higher than in that with an AFR >1.04. In the total CAD group, a significant correlation was found between plasma BNP concentrations and the LVEF, PER and AFR. In patients with nEF, the level of plasma BNP correlated only with the AFR. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in patients with CAD leads to an elevation of plasma BNP concentrations despite the normal ejection fraction. A diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle affects the BNP plasma concentration to a greater degree than a systolic dysfunction.
Protective Effect of Luteolin Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis for Possible Benefit in Kidney Transplant

Background The acceptances and long-term outcomes of the renal transplantations are seriously jeopardized by inflammatory responses and damage to tissues. The present study intended to explicate the pharmacological effect of luteolin (LT) in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the possible mechanism of action of LT. Material/Methods The effect of LT on the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the homogenates of kidney tissues of male Swiss albino mice was determined after I/R injury. The effect of LT on MDA (malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and glutathione were also identified by enzyme assay. In addition, Western blotting was used to determine the level of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the presence of LT. Results The results showed that LT caused significant reduction in the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to the I/R group without LT (p>0.05). To further confirm this, the efficacy of LT on the histopathology of I/R injured renal tissues was studied. It was found that LT restored cellular viability of damaged renal tissue. This observation was further confirmed by TUNEL assay, where it was found that LT caused considerable reduction in the population of apoptotic cells. LT pretreatment significantly increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced the level of Bax expression together with a reduction in the level of caspase-3 expression. Conclusions Luteolin showed its effect by interfering and attenuating a number of pathways, including pathways for inflammation and apoptosis in renal tissues.
Overexpression of AMP‐metabolizing enzymes controls adenine nucleotide levels and AMPK activation in HEK293T cells

We investigated whether overexpression of AMP‐metabolizing enzymes in intact cells would modulate oligomycin‐induced AMPK activation. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells were transiently transfected with increasing amounts of plasmid vectors to obtain a graded increase in overexpression of AMP‐deaminase (AMPD) 1, AMPD2, and soluble 5'‐nucleotidase IA (cN‐IA) for measurements of AMPK activation and total intracellular adenine nucleotide levels induced by oligomycin treatment. Overexpression of AMPD1 and AMPD2 slightly decreased AMP levels and oligomycin‐induced AMPK activation. Increased overexpression of cN‐IA led to reductions in the oligomycin‐induced increases in AMP and ADP concentrations by ~70 and 50%, respectively, concomitant with a 50% decrease in AMPK activation. The results support the view that a rise in ADP as well as AMP is important for activation of AMPK, which can thus be regulated by the adenylate energy charge. The control coefficient of cN‐IA on AMP was 0.3‐0.7, whereas the values for AMPD1 and AMPD2 were >0.1, suggesting that in this model cN‐IA exerts a large proportion of control over intracellular AMP. Therefore, small molecule inhibition of cN‐IA could be a strategy for AMPK activation. —Plaideau, C. , Liu, J., Hartleib‐Geschwindner, J., Bastin‐Coyette, L. , Bontemps, F. , Oscarsson, J., Hue, L. , Rider, M. H. Overexpression of AMP‐metabolizing enzymes controls adenine nucleotide levels and AMPK activation in HEK293T cells. FASEB J. 26, 2685‐2694 (2012). www.fasebj. org
Antidepressant xerogenic medications and restoration rates.

OBJECTIVES This report examines the association between xerogenic antidepressant medication use and dental restorations (a proxy for dental caries). METHODS Data for this study was collected from the electronic databases of two large dental group practices associated with two managed care organizations. The population examined was at least 55-year-old on the reference date and had at least 48 months of concurrent dental, medical and pharmacy coverage. We identified 915 individuals whose only exposure to a xerogenic medication was to an antidepressant. This group was compared with a group not on any medications and to a group on medications without any known xerostomic side effect. RESULTS Poisson regression was used to compare restoration occurrence and restoration rates among the three groups. The antidepressant medication and the no xerogenic medication groups were more likely to have restorations than the no medication group but there was no difference in restoration rates between the two medication groups. The mean restoration rates were significantly different between the three groups with the antidepressant group having the highest restoration rate. The no xerogenic group also had a higher rate than the no medication group but not as high as the antidepressant group rate. CONCLUSIONS This study provides objective quantification of the long-term effects that anti-depressant medications have on restoration use.
The inflammatory cell landscape in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Increasing evidence points towards an inflammatory component underlying pulmonary hypertension. However, the conclusive characterisation of multiple inflammatory cell populations in the lung is challenging due to the complexity of marker specificity and tissue inaccessibility. We used an unbiased computational flow cytometry approach to delineate the inflammatory landscape of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and healthy donor lungs. Donor and IPAH samples were discriminated clearly using principal component analysis to reduce the multidimensional data obtained from single-cell flow cytometry analysis. In IPAH lungs, the predominant CD45+ cell type switched from neutrophils to CD3+ T-cells, with increases in CD4+, CD8+ and γδT-cell subsets. Additionally, diversely activated classical myeloid-derived dendritic cells (CD14−HLA-DR+CD11c+CD1a+/−) and nonclassical plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs; CD14−CD11c−CD123+HLA-DR+), together with mast cells and basophils, were more abundant in IPAH samples. We describe, for the first time, the presence and regulation of two cell types in IPAH, γδT-cells and pDCs, which link innate and adaptive immunity. With our high-throughput flow cytometry with multidimensional dataset analysis, we have revealed the interactive interplay between multiple inflammatory cells is a crucial part of their integrative network. The identification of γδT-cells and pDCs in this disease potentially provides a missing link between IPAH, autoimmunity and inflammation. Computational flow cytometry details the complex inflammatory cell landscape in patients with pulmonary hypertension http://ow.ly/rjFZ30g1tew
Advances in Direct T‐Cell Alloreactivity: Function, Avidity, Biophysics and Structure

Although T‐cell‐based adaptive immunity plays a crucial role in protection against infectious pathogens and uncontrolled outgrowth of malignant cells, a large portion of these T cells are also capable of responding to allogeneic HLA molecules, violating the paradigm of self‐major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. Recent studies have provided insights into the mechanisms by which these T cells recognize allogeneic targets. The role of antiviral T cells in direct alloreactivity through peptide‐dependent molecular mimicry and alternate peptide‐MHC docking modes has emerged as major models for the human alloresponse. Here, we review in depth recent advances in this field and discuss how molecular interactions between T cells and HLA molecules drive the activation of these effector cells and its potential implications for alloreactivity in human transplantation.
Vitamin B6 in Clinical Neurology

Many conditions in clinical neurology may be responsive to pyridoxine as a therapeutic agent. The current difficulty is in trying to isolate the conditions that are most likely to respond. Treating seizures is a major part of a neurologic practice. Our current therapeutic agents are only partially successful and limited by multiple side effects. One problem is that patients often have to take these agents for an entire lifetime, further raising the risk of toxicity. If pyridoxine supplementation can improve the efficacy of currently used medications, it will be gladly accepted into our therapeutic arsenal. Headache, chronic pain, and depression all appear to run together in many of our patients. The observations that serotonin deficiency is a common thread between them and that pyridoxine can raise serotonin levels open a wide range of therapeutic options. Small studies have been carried out with mixed success. Comparison with amitriptyline in the treatment of headache appears to show about equal efficacy, although side effects would be expected to be more of a problem with the amitriptyline. Behavioral disorders are relatively common and continue to be a major problem, disrupting the lives of the patients and their families. Current treatments are not acceptable to most people because of the risk of side effects with long-term usage. If, as Dr. Feingold suggests, many of these problems are caused by "toxic" exposures to chemicals that are pyridoxine antagonists, supplementation at early ages may reduce the incidence of hyperactivity and aggressive behavior. This raises the question of safety. Is pyridoxine safe for long-term use in large segments of the population, including children? The studies on children with Down's syndrome and autism, utilizing much higher doses than are used for other therapeutic purposes, seem to indicate relative safety if carefully monitored. Studies involving large population groups with carpal tunnel syndrome, all adults, using 100-150 mg/day have shown minimal or no toxicity in five- to 10-year studies. Women self-medicating for PMS taking 500 to 5000 mg/day have shown peripheral neuropathy within one to three years. It would appear from this retrospective analysis that pyridoxine is safe at doses of 100 mg/day or less in adults. In children there is not enough data to make any sort of suggestion. Because the major neurologic complication is a peripheral neuropathy and the causes of this condition are myriad, pyridoxine may cause neuropathy only in patients with a pre-existing susceptibility to this condition.
Prevalence and risk factors for voice problems among telemarketers.

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there is an increased prevalence of voice problems among telemarketers compared with the general population and if these voice problems affect productivity and are associated with the presence of known risk factors for voice problems. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey study. SETTINGS One outbound telemarketing firm, 3 reservations firms, 1 messaging firm, 1 survey research firm, and 1 community college. PARTICIPANTS Random and cluster sampling identified 373 employees of the 6 firms; 304 employees completed the survey. A convenience sample of 187 community college students similar in age, sex, education level, and smoking prevalence served as a control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic, vocational, personality, and biological risk factors for voice problems; symptoms of vocal attrition; and effects of symptoms on work. RESULTS Telemarketers were twice as likely to report 1 or more symptoms of vocal attrition compared with controls after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status (P<.001). Of those surveyed, 31% reported that their work was affected by an average of 5.0 symptoms These respondents tended to be women (P<.001) and were more likely to smoke (P =.02); take drying medications (P<.001); have sinus problems (P =.04), frequent colds (P<.001), and dry mouth (P<.001); and be sedentary (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Telemarketers have a higher prevalence of voice problems than the control group. These problems affect productivity and are associated with modifiable risk factors. Evaluation of occupational voice disorders must encompass all of the determinants of health status, and treatment must focus on modifiable risk factors, not just the reduction of occupational vocal load.
Influence of supplemental protein source and feeding frequency on rumen fermentation and performance in dairy cows.

Multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were fed a basal mixed ration of 47% (DM) alfalfa and timothy silage and 53% barley and corn concentrate twice daily for ad libitum intake at 1630 and 0600 h. Two supplemental protein sources that differed in their resistance to rumen proteolysis were fed at 9% of total DMI in either two meals per day at 1730 and 0700 h or five meals per day at 1730, 2130, 0200, 0700, and 1200 h. The study was a 4 x 4 Latin square design with six blocks of 4 cows in which one block of cows was fitted with rumen cannulas. Intakes of DM, OM, NDF, and CP were not influenced by treatments. However, cows supplemented with five meals a day tended to consume the mixed ration more rapidly after both the p.m. and a.m. feedings. Milk yield and its content of protein, fat, and lactose also were not influenced by treatments. Average rumen pH was higher, and propionate concentrations were lower, for cows supplemented with five meals, but diurnal patterns were not influenced. Propionate and rumen ammonia N concentrations were lower for cows supplemented with the more resistant protein source; however, rumen VFA, as well as soluble and peptide N concentrations, were not influenced by the type of supplemental protein. Results do not support benefits of synchronized rumen release of energy and N to overall cow production, but rather support previous research that soluble protein or peptide N, or both, may act as a pool to provide N for microbial growth at times of the day when ammonia N concentrations are very low.
Pain Drawings in the Assessment of Nerve Root Compression: A Comparative Study With Lumbar Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Study Design. Prospective comparative study of pain drawings with findings on lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging. Objectives. To assess the ability of the pain drawing to predict the presence of nerve root compression. Summary of Background Data. Most research work has concentrated on the ability of the pain drawing to act as a screening method for psychological distress with less work directed at the influence the anatomic abnormality has on the pain drawing. Methods. One hundred thirty‐four consecutive out‐patients attending for lumbar magnetic resonance imaging in the investigation of back and leg pain completed pain drawings and psychological testing immediately before the examination. The pain drawing was analyzed by previously reported criteria, and the magnetic resonance imaging was assessed independently for the presence of nerve compression by three radiologists. Multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis was used to identify patients with nerve compression on the basis of their pain drawing. Results. Nerve compression was predicted by numbness in the anterolateral aspect of the foot. There was considerable overlap in the appearances of the pain drawings between patients with and without nerve compression, and the pain drawing correctly classified only 58% of patients with nerve compression. Conclusions. The pain drawing is not a good predictor of nerve compression on magnetic resonance imaging in a group of patients investigated for back and leg pain. It should be interpreted with caution and in light of the full clinical picture.
Same information, different decisions: the influence of evidence on the management of hypertension in the elderly.

BACKGROUND Evidence-based medicine requires general practitioners (GPs) to act upon the results of clinical trials. Clinical trial evidence may be difficult to understand and apply in practice. AIM To investigate whether GPs were unduly influenced in managing hypertension in the elderly by the ways in which benefits of trial results were presented, and to establish whether their current treatment of an elderly hypertensive patient was broadly in line with recent clinical trial evidence. METHOD Seventy-three GPs attending a refresher course were given a written questionnaire containing data from one clinical trial of treatment of hypertension in the elderly presented in four different ways (absolute risk reduction, relative risk reduction, difference in event-free patients, and number of patients who had to be treated in order to prevent one clinical event), as if from four different trials. The effect of each presentation on treatment preferences was assessed using Likert scales. The results were analysed to determine whether the method of presentation of results influenced decision making. A clinical scenario was presented to investigate their current treatment preferences in an elderly hypertensive. RESULTS All GPs returned completed questionnaires. Relative risk reduction was the only presentation which was significantly different from the others, and was the most likely to influence prescribing. In free-text comments, 75% of GPs admitted having problems understanding statistics commonly found in medical journals. More than 90% conformed with recent clinical trial evidence for the management of hypertension. CONCLUSION GPs were most influenced by relative risk reduction, and were unaware of how the presentation of research results could affect treatment decisions. Most GPs freely admitted to difficulty in comprehending medical statistics. Almost all of the GPs expressed treatment decisions which were broadly in line with clinical evidence.
Consumers' intention to use Mobile-Menu and destination clusters

This study aimed to investigate consumers' intention to use Mobile-Menu (M-Menu) and the effect of consumers' Technology Readiness (TR) on their attitude towards and Behavioural Intention (BI) to use M-Menu. Furthermore, this study explored the differences in M-Menu perceptions among clusters by applying the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to divide restaurant consumers into different clusters. A questionnaire survey was conducted on consumers at low-cost restaurants in Taipei City. The findings showed that the consumers upheld a positive attitude towards M-Menu and were willing to use them. This study also divided consumers into four clusters: 1) technology explorers; 2) technology recipients; 3) technology optimists; 4) technology laggards. The attitude and behavioural intention to use M-Menu differed among these clusters.
Hospital readmission with feeding-related problems after early postpartum discharge of normal newborns.

CONTEXT Increasingly short postpartum hospital stays in the United States precipitated a policy debate that culminated in passage of the Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act of 1996. The debate occurred without population-based evidence for adverse health effects in newborns who are discharged early. OBJECTIVE To determine whether early postpartum hospital discharge of normal newborns increases their risk for hospital readmission with feeding-related problems. DESIGN AND SETTING Nested case-control analysis of 1991 to 1994 Wisconsin birth certificate and hospital discharge data. SUBJECTS A total of 210 readmitted case patients and 630 control subjects selected from a cohort of 120 290 normal newborns who weighed at least 2500 g, were delivered vaginally of mothers with uncomplicated medical and obstetrical histories, and were discharged from the hospital either early (day of life 1 or 2) or conventionally (day 3). OUTCOME MEASURE Readmission at age 4 to 28 days with discharge diagnoses indicating a primary feeding problem, secondary dehydration, or inadequate weight gain. RESULTS Early discharges increased 3-fold (reaching 521/1000 discharges) during the study period, but feeding-related readmissions (1.7/1000) remained stable. Most readmitted newborns (53.8%) were 4 to 7 days old, many (34.3%) had concurrent dehydration and jaundice, and 29% were admitted through emergency departments. Readmitted newborns were significantly (P<.05) more likely to have been breast-fed, firstborn, or preterm or to have mothers who were poorly educated (<12th grade), unmarried, or receiving Medicaid. Readmission was not associated with early discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.53). CONCLUSION Although several neonatal and maternal factors increase the risk that a normal newborn will be rehospitalized with a feeding-related problem, early discharge following an uncomplicated postpartum hospital stay appears to have little or no independent effect on this risk.