Night blindness may weaken your bones

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com months [6-9] to years [10]. Secondly, subjects that develop night blindness may be cured within hours or took months to return to normal. Second problem raises other issues and complications. The visual pigments are composed of vitamin a aldehyde (retinene) joined to specific proteins of the rods and cones called “opsins. ” Limited amounts of visual pigment, formed in the normal retina, are due to opsins. In pasts, it was believed that the major cause of night blindness is vitamin A and less attention was paid to opsins [2]. If opsins are considered for their role in night blindness, then additional relationships may be established. The outer segment of rods and cones is composed of opsin, since the vitamin A chromophore constitutes only 1 per cent of this structure. However, this amount of opsin increases up to 40 per cent and 14 per cent in frog and cattle rods [2] respectively. Opsin is an essential constituent of rods and less likely to cones. Any change in this protein causes structural deterioration of visual receptors leading to blindness. Tansley K [11,12] and Johnson ML [13] confirmed these observations while working on rods and cones of rats and monkeys [14] respectively. As the deficiency of vitamin A progresses, rods inside begin to degenerate and then the external limiting membrane, furthermore outer and inner nuclear layers. These changes flow from central to peripheral sections of the retina. With supplementation of vitamin A, degenerated rods are completely replaced within 10-18 weeks of vitamin A supplementation. These observations conclude that time required to cure blindness depends upon the extent of retinal structure deteriorated by vitamin A. The deficiency of vitamin A may result in night blindness. However, its excess may be partly responsible for the rise of osteoporosis among older peoples. It may make your bones brittle. A study [15] showed that excessive vitamin A supplementation increases the likelihood of bone fracture by seven times. Therefore, there is a need to monitor the current fortification levels. Previous studies have recommended that vitamin A plays a steady role in the weakening of bones. This weakening is mostly linked with age. However, the link between vitamin A and bone or hip fracture is established. Use of vitamin A is very common in Scandinavian countries and in the United States. In these countries, researchers found that excessive use of vitamin A has increased rates of bone fractures. Similarly, a study conducted by Swedish researchers found that men who had the highest levels of vitamin A at the start of the study were significantly more likely to suffer a bone or hip fracture, and the overall risk of fracture increased 64% in men with the highest levels compared with those with average levels. The hazard for fracture around the individuals with the most elevated levels of vitamin A might have been seven times higher over the individuals of those most reduced levels [15]. In conclusion, we can say that there is a need to monitor intake of vitamin A for its deficiency in blindness. Otherwise, it’s over intake may lead to weakening of bones.