Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
12C-glycocholate test in Crohn's disease—its value in assessment and treatment

The 14C-glycocholic acid test (14C-GCA) has been assessed in 27 patients who have had resection of the ileum and colon for Crohn's disease and in 19 patients with unoperated stable Crohn's disease. The incidence of increased breath output of 14CO2 and faecal output of 14C was significantly greater in operated patients. Half the unoperated patients had normal results and, of the others, a modest increase in faecal 14C was the usual finding. There was no correlation between the 14C-GCA test, the Schilling test, and the extent and severity of the radiological signs in the unoperated patients. Metronidazole therapy was poorly tolerated and had little or no influence on symptoms but did decrease the excretion of 14CO2 in the breath when the 14C-GCA test was repeated. Cholestyramine therapy was beneficial in the majority of resected patients with diarrhoea and an increased faecal 14C excretion and, on repeat testing, there was a significant increase in the output of breath 14CO2. The beneficial effect was less marked in the unoperated patients and the breath 14CO2 output remained normal in those retested. Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids did not seem to make an important contribution to the symptoms of patients with stable unoperated (and uncomplicated) Crohn's disease, even when the ileum was extensively involved.
Cárie dentária em crianças como fenômeno natural ou patológico: ênfase na abordagem qualitativa

Analisou-se a percepcao de maes ou responsaveis sobre a saude-doenca bucal de seus filhos, com idade de 2 a 6 anos, matriculados em uma creche filantropica de Bauru (SP). Foram realizadas 26 entrevistas, analisadas por metodologia qualitativa. Os entrevistados foram ouvidos sobre a presenca de carie dentaria em suas criancas e como compreendiam sua causalidade. Foi realizado o exame de carie das criancas, utilizando criterios epidemiologicos para o diagnostico. Na maioria das entrevistas (65,4%) houve concordância de respostas com a condicao bucal verificada no exame das criancas. A percepcao dos entrevistados sobre a presenca da carie dentaria foi relacionada a aparencia do dente ("furadinho") e a dor. A compreensao quanto a causalidade da doenca fez referencia ao cuidado dispensado as criancas pelos entrevistados, acesso ao cirurgiao-dentista, ingestao de doces e a fatalidade ("Todo mundo tem carie, pelo menos um pouquinho tem"). A maneira pela qual as pessoas percebem o processo saude-doenca influencia as praticas e os cuidados em saude bucal. Buscar compreender estas construcoes e valores e essencial para se trabalhar, de forma contextualizada, a falta de informacao e os conceitos que ainda persistem, como a crenca que a carie dentaria e um fenomeno "natural" e nao um processo patologico.
The effect of Nigella sativa on the diabetic liver in male albino rats with a special focus on the role of hepatic oval cells

Background Liver-related complications are a significant cause of death in diabetes and are often unrecognized. Aim of the work This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Nigella sativa (NS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Moreover, the effect of NS on hepatic oval cells in the liver of diabetic rats was determined. Materials and methods Rats were divided into three groups: group I was the control group; group II included diabetic rats [single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50▒mg/kg body weight)]; and group III included diabetic rats treated with NS (300▒mg/kg/day, administered orally) for 4 weeks. Liver sections were subjected to H&E, masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, &agr;-smooth muscle actin, and insulin protein. Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and albumin levels were measured. Liver hepatocyte growth factor gene expression was also measured by reverse transcription PCR. Results Compared with the untreated diabetic group, NS preserved the hepatic architecture in diabetic rats as assessed histologically and biochemically. NS has a significant effect on liver regeneration as indicated by a significant increase in liver hepatocyte growth factor gene expression and a significant increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical staining. Hepatic fibrosis in diabetic rats was reduced by NS treatment as shown by the significant decrease in collagen deposition and &agr;-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, NS maintains functional insulin-producing hepatic oval cells as indicated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion This study showed the hepatoprotective effect of NS in experimentally induced diabetes in rats. NS also maintained functional insulin-producing hepatic oval cells in the liver of diabetic-treated rats.
Optimal Loop Parallelization under Register Constraints

This report deals with the interaction between instruction scheduling and register allocation, in the case of straight line code and in the case of loops. This problem is at the heart of code optimization in microprocessors with instruction-level parallelism. Usual solutions use heuristics based on a decoupled approach. We propose here a formulation by linear integer programming, that allows dependence, resource and register constraints to be integrated in the same framework . By varying the parameters, all kinds of optimization problems can be solved exactly (maximization of the throughput, minimization of the number of registers). We report on examples of computation timings that turn out to be prohibitive in some specific cases, but tractable on average.
A clinical study comparing clonidine with dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to local anaesthetic agent in brachial plexus block via inter-scalene approach for early discharge

It is a known fact that use of peripheral nerve block with local anaesthetics like lignocaine and bupivacaine for anaesthesia reduces both operating room time and length of hospital stay and provide good postoperative analgesia. Various additives can be added to local anaesthetics to accelerate the onset time, to reduce the systemic absorption (thus the risk of local anaesthetic related toxicity) and prolong the duration of nerve block/pain relief. Yet the quest continued for better drug which meets the above criteria and even then keeping the patient awake and alert to make him fit for early ambulation and discharge. 60 patients aged 18 - 65 years with ASA grade I were randomly divided into group I and group II to receive 10 ml of lignocaine 2% and 20 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% with 90µg of clonidine or dexmedetomidine 25µg respectively. Onset of sensory blockade was determined by pinprick method by three point score and motor blockade by three point scale. Duration of postoperative analgesia, the hemodynamic changes, sedation scores, any adverse effects and recovery criteria were observed. Statistical analysis was done by student’s “t” test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. It was found that there was faster onset of sensory and motor blockade, the postoperative analgesia was prolonged and the amount of sedation was profound in group II as compared to group I. All the above findings were statistically significant. Many of the patients in group II were found to be alert and fit for discharge on 2nd day as compared to group I, Therefore, it was recommended that Dexmedetomidine 25µg is a better option as an additive than clonidine 90µg for hastening the onset of sensory and motor block with prolonged postoperative analgesia, sedation and alert &awake patient ready for discharge on the 2nd day. KEY WORDS: Inter-Scalene Brachial Plexus Block, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine
Measures for Clinical Practice: A Sourcebook

Today, as the legitimacy of various forms of therapeutic intervention is under attack, and as practitioners in all areas of the human services are increasingly held accountable for monitoring and evaluating their practices in an objective manner, a sound familiarity with objective measurement techniques has become essential. In addition, practitioners must also be concerned with satisfying state, agency, or insurance company guidelines. Now, this updated and expanded two-volume edition of Fischer and Corcoran's standard reference enables professionals to gather this vital information easily and effectively. In "Measures for Clinical Practice, Volume 1: Couples, Families and Children and Volume 2: Adults," Joel Fischer and Kevin Corcoran provide an extensive collection of over 320 "rapid assessment instruments" (RAIs), including questionnaires and scales, which assess virtually any problem commonly encountered in clinical practice. All instruments are actually reprinted in the book, and are critiqued by the authors to aid in their selection. The instruments included are brief and easy to administer and will be useful for all types of practice and all theoretical orientations. Introducing the compendium of instruments, Fischer and Corcoran explain the principles of measurement and how to apply them in practice. They explore the range of assessment techniques available, including behavioral observations, rating scales, and client logs, as well as unobtrusive, electromechanical, and standardized measures. After examining the advantages and disadvantages of rapid assessment instruments, they show practitioners how to effectively select, administer, score, and interpret thesemeasures as part of the treatment process. This fully updated and expanded two-volume edition will be essential to every practitioner and student of social work, psychology, psychiatry, nursing, counseling, and the rehabilitative therapies.
Approaches to assessing and minimizing blood wastage in the hospital and blood supply chain

Despite the scale of blood usage worldwide, blood remains a scarce and precious resource. As with any perishable product, careful management of inventories to minimize wastage is crucial. However, due to the nature of the supply of blood, wastage is not only an economic issue as every unit wasted, squanders the time and effort of the human donor. Blood inventory management is therefore a trade‐off, ensuring 100% availability of all blood products at all times whilst minimizing wastage. Hospitals are at the front line of blood use and are the location where much blood is wasted. Inventory management practices in hospital transfusion laboratories are critical. Much of the extant literature in this area posits that good management of hospital blood inventories is due to sophisticated inventory models and algorithms. However, recent research has found that good management practices are much more important. The drivers for low wastage and good inventory management practice can be described using six key themes. Blood supply chain management is much more than managing wastage in hospitals. Proper management of the supply chain as a whole can lead to significant reductions in blood wastage. Recent research has found that methods commonly used in commercial supply chain management can lead to efficiencies in the blood supply chain context. An example of this is stock sharing or lateral transhipment of blood units close to expiry between hospitals, reducing wastage across the supply chain.
A Fast Method to Estimate the Wall Shear Stress Waveform in Arteries

Introduction Ultrasound has been applied to measure vessel diameter and blood flow velocity to compute the wall shear rate (WSR) in arteries. This paper describes a fast technique to assess the WSR waveform using an image of a pulsed Doppler waveform downloaded from a modern clinical ultrasound scanner. Methods A walled vascular phantom has been developed to mimic the physiological condition of brachial arteries, from where measurements were made. A MATLAB program has been developed and used to compute the WSR waveform in a flow phantom from a pulsed Doppler image. The mean WSR obtained from the WSR waveform was compared with the mean WSR derived from the flow rate obtained from a timed collection method. Measurement errors in Doppler velocity estimates from ultrasound scanners were also investigated and used to determine correction factors in WSR calculations. Results For three different flow phantom depths, 9.5,14.5 and 19.5 mm, the mean percentage errors between the true and measured WSR were found to be 4.5% (SD = 4.0), 7.4% (SD = 5.1) and 14.2% (SD = 4.1) respectively. Conclusions The results demonstrated the feasibility of calculating WSR based solely on an image of the Doppler spectrum and arterial diameter measurement, which opens up the possibility of obtaining WSR estimates from generic scanners.
Aetiology and antimicrobial studies of surgical wound infections in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH) Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Surgical wound infection is clinically defined as purulent discharge from the surgical wound or the insertion wound of the drain, or spreading cellulitis from the wound [1]. Surgical wound is characterized by inflammation around periwound area. Surgical wound infections are the second most common cause of nosocomial infections [2,3]. The high rate of surgical wound infections is associated with higher mobidity, mortality and increased medical expenses [3,4]. In spite of the new antibiotics available today, surgical wound infection still remains a threat due to secondary bacterial contamination and widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics that lead to emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria [3].
Visual attention: saliency detection and gaze estimation

Visual attention is an important characteristic in the human vision system, which is capable of allocating the cognitive resources to the selected information. Many researchers are attracted to the study of this mechanism in the human vision system and have achieved a wide range of successful applications. Generally, there are two tasks encountered in the visual attention research including visual saliency detection and gaze estimation. The former is normally described as distinctiveness or prominence as a result of a visual stimulus. Given images or videos as input, saliency detection methods try to simulate the mechanism of human vision system, predicting and locating the salient parts in them. While the later involves physical device to track the eye movement and estimate the gaze points. As for saliency detection, it is an effective technique for studying and mimicking the mechanism of the human vision system. Most of saliency models can predict the visual saliency with the boundary or the rough location of the true salient object, but miss the appearance or shape information. Besides, they pay little attention to the image quality problem such as low-resolution or noises. To handle these problems, in this thesis, we propose to model the visual saliency from local and global perspectives for better detection of the visual saliency. The combination of the local and global saliency scheme employing different visual cues can make full use of their respective advantages to compute the saliency. Compared with existing models, the proposed method can provide better saliency with more appearance and shape information, and can work well even in the low-resolution or noisy images. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Defining a role for the peduncolopontine tegmental nucleus in striatal outflow

The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) lies within the pontomesencephalon and contains cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurones. It has extensive afferent and efferent connections throughout the brain. Early research suggested a role for the PPTg in the mediation of locomotor activity, and it was believed to form the major substrate of the electrophysiologically identified mesencephalic locomotor region (rviLR). Studies using selective excitotoxic lesions of the PPTg demonstrated that it has no role in the mediation of spontaneous or nucleus accumbens-induced (NAcc) locomotion. However evidence has suggested that the cuneiform nucleus (CNF) and not the PPTg is the main locus of the . MLR. The effects of bilateral ibotenate CNF lesions on spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotion stimulated from the NAcc were therefore investigated. CNF lesions had no effect on either type of locomotor activity. Bilateral ibotenate lesions of the PPTg have been shown to influence the expreSSIOn of orofacial stereotypies following administration of systemic amphetamine. Oral stereotypies can be elicited reliably by direct stimulation of the ventrolateral caudate-putamen (VLCP). This thesis sought to clarify the role of the PPTg in the mediation of oral stereotypies, by combining bilateral ibotenate lesions of the PPTg with direct microinjection of amphetamine into the VLCP. Lesions of the PPTg caused a shift in the dose response curve to amphetamine resulting in an increase in the incidence and intensity of oro facial stereotypies at lower doses. Thus the PPTg appears to have inhibitory control over the expression of orofacial behaviors. It is hypothesised that while neither the PPTg nor the CNF have a role in the mediation of locomotor activity per se they may provide an integrative functional role, which influences motor outflow. The role of the CNF in the transmission of nociception and a role for the PPTg in the mediation of striatal outflow is discussed.
Gender and climate hazards in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has recently experienced a number of high-profile disasters, including devastating cyclones and annual floods. Poverty is both a cause of vulnerability, and a consequence of hazard impacts. Evidence that the impacts of disasters are worse for women is inconclusive or variable. However, since being female is strongly linked to being poor, unless poverty is reduced, the increase in disasters and extreme climate events linked with climate change is likely to affect women more than men. In addition, there are some specific gender attributes which increase women's vulnerability in some respects. These gendered vulnerabilities may, however, be reduced by social changes.
The likely optical counterpart of X-ray transient KS 1731-260

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Multiscale spectral residue for faster image object detection

Accuracy in image object detection has been usually achieved at the expense of much computational load. Therefore a trade-off between detection performance and fast execution commonly represents the ultimate goal of an object detector in real life applications. Most images are composed of non-trivial amounts of background information, such as sky, ground and water. In this sense, using an object detector against a recurring background pattern can require a significant amount of the total processing time. To alleviate this problem, search space reduction methods can help focusing the detection procedure on more distinctive image regions. Among the several approaches for search space reduction, we explored saliency information to organize regions based on their probability of containing objects. Saliency detectors are capable of pinpointing regions which generate stronger visual stimuli based solely on information extracted from the image. The fact that saliency methods do not require prior training is an important benefit, which allows application of these techniques in a broad range of machine vision domains. We propose a novel method toward the goal of faster object detectors. The proposed method was grounded on a multi-scale spectral residue (MSR) analysis using saliency detection. For better search space reduction, our method enables fine control of search scale, more robustness to variations on saliency intensity along an object length and also a direct way to control the balance between search space reduction and false negatives caused by region selection. Compared to a regular sliding window search over the images, in our experiments, MSR was able to reduce by 75% (in average) the number of windows to be evaluated by an object detector while improving or at least maintaining detector ROC performance. The proposed method was thoroughly evaluated over a subset of LabelMe dataset (person images), improving detection performance in most cases. This evaluation was done comparing object detection performance against different object detectors, with and without MSR. Additionally, we also provide evaluation of how different object classes interact with MSR, which was done using Pascal VOC 2007 dataset. Finally, tests made showed that window selection performance of MSR has a good scalability with regard to image size. From the obtained data, our conclusion is that MSR can provide substantial benefits to existing sliding window detectors.
Semantics of an avian alarm call system: the male domestic fowl

A lift table includes a receiving and supporting assembly and at least one lifting arm that extends perpendicularly to the receiving and supporting assembly. The assembly and the arm are mounted on a frame for pivotal movement between an article supporting positon, wherein the receiving and supporting assembly extends horizontally and the lifting arm extends vertically, and an article receiving position, wherein the lifting arm extends horizontally and the receiving and supporting assembly extends vertically. While the assembly is in the latter position, an article is attached to the lifting arm. Then, the assembly is pivoted to the article supporting position. During this movement, the receiving and supporting assembly moves under the article, so that the article is transferred from the lifting arm to the receiving and supporting assembly.
SSK Okmeydanı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Onkoloji Merkezi'nin 1999-2004 yılları kanser istatistikleri

OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the cancer incidence and demographic characteristics in people have social insurance after from digital registration date. Evaluation was done using 6 years data after that time. METHODS We investigated the 52.214 patients having diagnosed as cancer between 1st January 1999 and 31st December 2004. Final diagnosis was evaluated with considering he patient's age, sex, admit time, county, and stage of illness. RESULTS 2 8.830 patients were males (55.2%) and 23.384 were females (44.86%) an median age at the time of admission was 56 (range 0- 98). The frequency of disease was 0.7% in 0-14 years old age group, 20.5% 15-44 years old age group, 24.3% 45-54 years old age group, 27.1% 55 to 64 years old age group, and 27.4% 65 years and older age group. The 81.7% of the cases were having with local-regional disease and the remaining 18.3% were having distant metastasized disease. The detected most frequent 10 types of cancer were as follows; lung cancer 22.1%, breast cancer 15.2%, colorectal cancer 8.6%, gastric cancer 6.0%, thyroid cancer 4.0%, non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3.7%, central nervous system cancers 3.5%, ovary cancer 2.7%, corpus uteri cancer 2.5%, and larynx cancer 2.5%. The most frequent 5 cancers only for females were breast (33.4%), colorectal (8.3%), thyroid (6.9%), ovary (6.0%), and corpus uteri cancer (5.5%), and for males lung (36.1%), colorectal (8.8%), stomach (7.2%), larynx cancer (4.1%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.0%). The number of patients showed significant increase from 1999 (7.014) to 2004 (10.8 2 3 ) . CONCLUSION We present the statistical data for cancer patients who admitted to the SSK Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital Department of Radiation Oncology before the time of revolution from SSK to Healthy ministry. That data can give us some opinion for frequency of cancer in Marmara and west of Karadeniz region.