Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precise measurements of BAW and SAW properties of Langasite in the temperature range from 25°C to 1000°C

There is a high demand for wireless sensing devices in harsh environments for industrial applications. For temperatures above 250degC, silicon-based sensors cannot be used. In contrast, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are still suitable for this purpose. Further high-temperature applications include thermogravimetry on small volumes and gas sensing based on stoichiometry change of thin sensor films. Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14) is a piezoelectric single crystal that preserves its piezoelectric properties and is chemically stable up to its melting point at 1470degC without any phase transition and, therefore, is a promising material for high-temperature devices. Using a resonance-antiresonance method based on bulk oscillations, all components of elastic and piezoelectric tensors of langasite have been determined at temperatures up to 900deg C. Resonance spectra of several langasite samples have been measured and fitted with the impedance calculated from a one-dimensional physical model of piezoelectric bodies vibrating in several modes. In order to extract the electromechanical parameters, different resonator geometries and orientations are used. Also, the results of measurements are presented for SAW devices on langasite at temperatures from 25 to 750deg C. Two cuts with Euler angles (0deg, 138.5deg,26.6deg) and (0deg,30.1deg,26.6deg) have been studied. The devices were fabricated with a platinum (Pt) layer with different heights on a zirconium (Zr) adhesion layer. The main material parameters relevant for SAW devices such as phase velocity vp, propagation loss alpha and coupling coefficient k2 have been obtained. The measured SAW phase velocities compare well with those calculated with the elastic and piezoelectric tensors obtained by bulk-oscillation measurements.
In Situ Hybridization for the Differentiation of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Pseudallescheria Species in Tissue Section

Identification of fungi in tissue sections can be difficult. In particular, species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Pseudallescheria all appear as septate, branched hyphae. However, their differentiation can have significant clinical implications, as the latter two groups are often resistant to commonly used antifungal agents. In situ hybridization may assist in rapidly distinguishing these organisms in the absence of available culture. Oligonucleotide DNA probes were directed against the 5S, 18S, or 28S rRNA sequences of three groups of fungi with a high degree of specificity for each. Probes were tested on 26 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, each with culture-proven involvement by one of these organisms:Fusarium species, n = 12;Pseudallescheria boydii, n = 5;Aspergillus species, n = 9 (Aspergillus probe set validated in an earlier study). Accuracy of both ISH and morphology was compared with culture.Morphologic examination (GMS and PAS) showed a greater sensitivity in detecting fungi (100%) as compared with in situ hybridization (84.6%). When detected, however, DNA probes allowed definitive identification of organisms. While there was no ability to distinguish between the three groups of organisms by morphologic features, ISH probes showed 100% positive predictive value (PPV, 19/19 organisms identified correctly). No cross-reactivity was observed when the probes were tested against other genera (100% specificity). Furthermore, the use of ISH allowed the detection of mixed fungal infections involving multiple organism types in two cases, demonstrating another advantage over morphology. In situ hybridization, directed against rRNA sequences, provides a rapid and accurate technique for distinguishing commonly encountered, nonpigmented filamentous fungi in histologic sections. While less sensitive than morphology, ISH is highly accurate and may help to distinguish between organisms that have similar or identical morphologic features by light microscopy.
ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG USE IN DERMATOLOGY IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN WESTERN NEPAL

Medical audit is supposed to oversee, monitor and analyse standards of medical treatment at all levels of the healthcare delivery system. This study was undertaken to monitor the prescribing of antimicrobial drugs for patients seeking treatment in the dermatology outpatient department of the Manipal Teaching Hospital in Nepal. A total of 292 dermatology prescriptions of patients attending the dermatology OPD were collected between July 2000 and June 2001. Prescriptions for antimicrobial agents were separated from the total prescriptions collected, and evaluated. There were more female patients (58.2%) than male (41.8%) in our study; most were in the 21–40 year age group. The commonest cutaneous infections were acne (15.8%) followed by fungal infections (14.8%). Of the 292 prescriptions audited, 149 contained antimicrobial agents, constituting 36% of the total number of drugs prescribed. Of 256 antimicrobials prescribed, 63% were topical and 37% systemic; 5% were generic, 29% were from the essential drug list of Nepal, and 15% were fixed‐dose combinations. Most of the patients received one or two antimicrobials, 50% of which were antibacterials and 40% antifungals. Though the selection of antimicrobial drugs used in dermatology was largely rational, anomalies were observed, and these issues were discussed with clinicians in relation to various aspects of drug use. The results indicate there is scope for improving prescribing habits. A periodic audit of drug prescribing is desirable in rationalising prescribing practice.
How Rousseau read Hume’s Political Discourses: hints of unexpected agreement in their views of money and luxury

Abstract Despite mounting scholarship on the Rousseau–Smith connection, the possibility of overlap between the Humean and Rousseauian views of commercial society has not been explored. This is due to opposing views held by these two thinkers on this issue. However, Rousseau in the Confessions recorded a brief, but shrewd impressions on Hume’s Political Discourses, which he held before meeting Hume. In these comments, Rousseau, unlike his other French contemporaries, noted some republican aspects lurking in Hume’s political and economic essays. Moreover, after his two Discourses, Rousseau composed several other important works in which he revealed his more ‘mature’ economic arguments. Careful readings of these textual clues indicate that, in striking parallel with Hume, Rousseau conducts a thought experiment on the drastic change in the quantity of money and elaborates on the significance of industry and a certain type of luxury. Our purpose here is not to prove that Hume’s Political Discourses directly influenced Rousseau’s later writings, but to measure the extent to which Rousseau could share the Scot’s economic ideas by considering that the former may well have read the latter.
Extreme rainfall affects assembly of the root‐associated fungal community

Summary Global warming is resulting in increased frequency of weather extremes. Root‐associated fungi play important roles in terrestrial biogeochemical cycling processes, but the way in which they are affected by extreme weather is unclear. Here, we performed long‐term field monitoring of the root‐associated fungus community of a short rotation coppice willow plantation, and compared community dynamics before and after a once in 100 yr rainfall event that occurred in the UK in 2012. Monitoring of the root‐associated fungi was performed over a 3‐yr period by metabarcoding the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Repeated soil testing and continuous climatic monitoring supplemented community data, and the relative effects of environmental and temporal variation were determined on the root‐associated fungal community. Soil saturation and surface water were recorded throughout the early growing season of 2012, following extreme rainfall. This was associated with a crash in the richness and relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, with each declining by over 50%. Richness and relative abundance of saprophytes and pathogens increased. We conclude that extreme rainfall events may be important yet overlooked determinants of root‐associated fungal community assembly. Given the integral role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in biogeochemical cycles, these events may have considerable impacts upon the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems.
FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in oral lichen planus and its correlation with the distinct clinical appearance of the lesions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of FoxP3+ cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and to correlate the findings with clinical and histopathological features of these lesions. The sample consisted of 32 cases of OLP (17 reticular and 15 erosive cases) and 10 cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH). Clinical examination, histopathological and histomorphometric analysis, and immunohistochemistry (anti‐FoxP3 antibody) were performed. Cells were counted in juxtaepithelial and intraepithelial regions of the lesions, and the results are expressed as the mean and range. Most erosive lesions were keratinized and exhibited epithelial atrophy, whereas most reticular lesions were hyperkeratinized. Mean epithelial thickness and mean density of the inflammatory infiltrate were higher in reticular lesions than in erosive OLP. Juxtaepithelial FoxP3+ cells were slightly more frequent in erosive lesions (mean: 1.7 and range: 0–9.4) than in reticular lesions (mean: 1.5 and range: 0–8.3). There was a significant difference in the frequency of these cells between OLP (mean: 1.6 and range: 0–9.4) and IFH (mean: 0.5 and range: 0–1.4) (P < 0.05). The number of intraepithelial FoxP3+ cells was higher in reticular OLP and IFH when compared with erosive lesions. The larger number of juxtaepithelial FoxP3+ cells in OLP compared to IFH might be related to the distinct etiopathogenesis of these lesions. High disease activity or action of the oral microbiota may explain the slightly higher frequency of FoxP3+ cells in erosive lesions.
Retracted article: An analysis on the emotional approach to segmentation: A study of yoga tourism

We, the Editors and Publisher of Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, have retracted the following article: Pramod Sharma & Jogendra Kumar Nayak (2019) An analysis on the emotional approach to segmentation: A study of yoga tourism, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 20:1, 1–23. DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2018. 1509038 It was brought our attention that the manuscript contains significant overlap with a previously published source: Sameer Hosany, Girish Prayag (2015) Patterns of tourists' emotional responses, satisfaction, and intention to recommend, Journal of Business Research, 66.6, 730–737. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres. 2011.09. 011 Following notification, we investigated in accordance with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on plagiarism. Overlap includes general paraphrasing of the earlier manuscript, specifically the flow of the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and references. Therefore, we have determined that publication of retraction is the best course of action. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted. ”
MTHFR C677T polymorphism, GSTM1 deletion and male infertility: a possible suggestion of a gene–gene interaction?

Abstract Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a gene involved in the process of DNA synthesis and methylation. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism has been associated with male infertility. A prospective study was conducted on men seeking care at the infertility clinic in Milano to determine if the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with infertility, and if such an association is modified by a common deletion of one of the glutathione transferases, GSTM1. One year after enrolment, 46 subjects reported having had a child, while 59 were still childless. Subjects carrying the MTHFR C677T homozygous variant polymorphism were at increased risk of being infertile after 1-year follow-up (OR 3.7, 95% CI = 1.4–10.4); carriers of the homozygous variant MTHFR genotype and of a functional copy of GSTM1 appear to have a significantly higher risk of infertility (n=11; OR = 22.0 95% CI = 3.8–127.9) than subjects who carry the wild-type genotype for both genes. Such risk becomes non-significant when the GSTM1 deletion is also present (n=5; OR = 1.1 95% CI = 0.2–5.1). A possible explanation of this unexpected result could lie in the known involvement of glutathione transferases in the metabolic pathways of both methylation and transulfuration. The interaction found deserves confirmation and replication in a larger population, since it may be relevant to several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
The Bangladesh Clubfoot Project: The First 5000 Feet

Background: Bangladesh is one of the most populous countries in the world at 160 million with 1/3 existing below the poverty line. With an annual birth rate of approximately 3.2 million, an estimated incidence of 1:900 live births, the country has approximately 5000 new cases of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus per annum. The Bangladesh sustainable clubfoot program, Walk for Life (WFL), was conceived to respond to this unmet need. Methods: WFL started in 2009 and has rapidly grown to 35 clinics. Overseas experts initially increased local capacity by training a team of national paramedical staff. Government support enabled integration with the public hospital system and enhanced sustainability. WFL has supplied materials, educational, administrative, and clinical support throughout. All recruited cases underwent Ponseti casting. Demographic, Pirani scores, cast, tenotomy, and bracing data have been prospectively collected from all patients. Detailed review has been undertaken for 1040 patients after 12 months of treatment in 3 divisions of Bangladesh. Results: Between 2009 and 2011, 6069 feet (3922 patients) were recruited to the project. Of these 1643 feet (1040 patients) have completed a minimum of 1-year follow-up. The male:female ratio was 2.7:1 with a mean age of 22 months at presentation (range, 0 to 36). Typical idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus responded in a median of 5 casts (range, 1 to 25) with 76% undergoing tenotomy. Thirteen percent were atypical feet requiring a median of 5 casts. The percentage of patients missing at the 12-month point was 12%. Two percent of patients experienced complications. Conclusions: The Bangladesh clubfoot program demonstrates that rapid case ascertainment is possible in a developing world setting with appropriate logistical support. The use of local physiotherapists and paramedics yielded good clinical outcomes in an environment with full access to clinical review and ongoing training. A higher than expected number of atypical cases have been noted, requiring modified Ponseti treatment. Complications have been few at this early stage. Level of Evidence: Level 2—therapeutic study.
Similarity of Joint Kinematics and Muscle Demands Between Elliptical Training and Walking: Implications for Practice

Background People with physical disabilities often face barriers to regaining walking ability and fitness after discharge from rehabilitation. Physical therapists are uniquely positioned to teach clients the knowledge and skills needed to exercise on functionally relevant equipment available in the community, such as elliptical trainers. However, therapeutic use is hindered by a lack of empirical information. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine joint kinematics and muscle activation recorded during walking and elliptical training to provide evidence-based data to guide clinical decision making. Design This was a prospective, controlled laboratory study using a repeated-measures design. Methods Twenty adults free from impairments that might hinder gait participated. After familiarization procedures, subjects walked and trained on 4 elliptical devices while kinematic, electromyographic (EMG), and stride characteristic data were recorded. Results Movement similarities between elliptical training and walking were supported by the documentation of relatively high coefficients of multiple correlation for the hip (.85–.89), thigh (.92–.94), knee (.87–.89) and, to a lesser extent, the ankle (.57–.71). Significantly greater flexion was documented at the trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee during elliptical training than during walking. One of the elliptical trainers most closely simulated sagittal-plane walking kinematics, as determined from an assessment of key variables. During elliptical training, gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis muscle activation were increased; medial hamstring, gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscle activation were decreased; and gluteus medius and lateral hamstring muscle activation were relatively unchanged compared with muscle activation of those muscles in walking. On the basis of EMG findings, no elliptical trainer clearly emerged as the best for simulating gait. Limitations To date, only 4 elliptical trainers have been studied, and the contributions of the upper extremities to movement have not been quantified. Conclusions Although one of the elliptical trainers best simulated sagittal-plane walking kinematics, EMG analysis failed to identify one clearly superior device. This research provides evidence-based data to help guide clinical decision making related to the use of elliptical trainers across the health care continuum and into the community.
The Role of Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Adaptation in Brain Health

Regular aerobic exercise improves brain health; however, a potential dose-response relationship and the underling physiological mechanisms remain unclear. Existing data support the following hypotheses: 1) exercise-induced cardiovascular adaptation plays an important role in improving brain perfusion, structure, and function, and 2) a hormetic relation seems to exist between the intensity of exercise and brain health, which needs to be further elucidated.
How cover crop residue management and herbicide rate affect weed management and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) crop

Abstract In the conventional cropping systems, increased costs and resource pollution are attributed to the intensive use of chemical inputs. The adoption of cover crops could be a part of a suitable strategy for improving the sustainability of the agro-ecosystems due to their ability to affect nutrient and weed management. A 2-yr field experiments were conducted in Gorgan, North of Iran, with the aim of assessing the effect of cover crop residue management and herbicide rates on weed management and the yield of tomato crop. The treatments consisted in: (a) three winter soil management: two cover crops [annual medic (Medicago scutellata L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)] and no covered soil; (b) two soil tillage (no-tillage, where cover crop residues were left in strips on the soil surface, and conventional tillage, where cover crop residues were green manured at 30 cm of soil depth); and (c) three pre-emergence herbicide rates (no-herbicide application, half rate recommended or full rate recommended ). Cover crops were sown in early September and mechanically suppressed in March about 2 weeks before tomato transplanting. At cover crop suppression, annual medic showed the highest aboveground biomass [569 g m−2 of dry matter (DM)], while barley showed the lowest weed content (32 g m−2 of DM). At tomato harvesting, weed density and aboveground biomass ranged from 6.9 to 61.5 plants m−2 and from 33.6 and 1157.0 g m−2 of DM, respectively. Cover crop residues placed on soil surface suppressed weeds more effectively than incorporated residues, especially in barley, mainly due to the physical barrier of residues which reduced the stimulation of weed germination and establishment. As expected, herbicide rate decreased both weed density and biomass, even if the adoption of annual medic and barley cover crops before the tomato cultivation could allow a possible reduction of herbicide rate while maintaining similar fruit yield. Tomato yield was higher in annual medic than barley and no cover regardless of tillage management (on average 62.3, 51.8 and 50.1 t ha−1 of fresh matter, respectively) probably due to an abundant availability of soil nitrogen throughout the tomato cultivation. This was confirmed by high and constant values of tomato N status grown in annual medic and evaluated using SPAD chlorophyll meter. Although further research of cover crop residue management is required to obtain a better understanding on herbicide rate reduction, these preliminary results could be extended to other vegetable crops which have similar requirements of tomato.
Aureusvirus P14 Is an Efficient RNA Silencing Suppressor That Binds Double-Stranded RNAs without Size Specificity

ABSTRACT RNA silencing is a conserved eukaryotic gene regulatory system in which sequence specificity is determined by small RNAs. Plant RNA silencing also acts as an antiviral mechanism; therefore, viral infection requires expression of a silencing suppressor. The mechanism and the evolution of silencing suppression are still poorly understood. Tombusvirus open reading frame (ORF) 5-encoded P19 is a size-selective double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that suppresses silencing by sequestering double-stranded small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the specificity determinant of the antiviral silencing system. To better understand the evolution of silencing suppression, we characterized the suppressor of the type member of Aureusviruses, the closest relatives of the genus Tombusvirus. We show that the Pothos latent virus (PoLV) ORF 5-encoded P14 is an efficient suppressor of both virus- and transgene-induced silencing. Findings that in vitro P14 binds dsRNAs and double-stranded siRNAs without obvious size selection suggest that P14, unlike P19, can suppress silencing by sequestering both long dsRNA and double-stranded siRNA components of the silencing machinery. Indeed, P14 prevents the accumulation of hairpin transcript-derived siRNAs, indicating that P14 inhibits inverted repeat-induced silencing by binding the long dsRNA precursors of siRNAs. However, viral siRNAs accumulate to high levels in PoLV-infected plants; therefore, P14 might inhibit virus-induced silencing by sequestering double-stranded siRNAs. Finally, sequence analyses suggest that P14 and P19 suppressors diverged from an ancient dsRNA binding suppressor that evolved as a nested protein within the common ancestor of aureusvirus-tombusvirus movement proteins.