Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary results from the FARCE 2015 campaign: multidisciplinary study of the forest–gas–aerosol–cloud system on the tropical island of La Réunion

Abstract. The Forests gAses aeRosols Clouds Exploratory (FARCE) campaign was conducted in March–April 2015 on the tropical island of La Réunion. For the first time, several scientific teams from different disciplines collaborated to provide reference measurements and characterization of La Réunion vegetation, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), biogenic VOCs (BVOCs), (bio)aerosols and composition of clouds, with a strong focus on the Maïdo mountain slope area. The main observations obtained during this 2-month intensive field campaign are summarized. They include characterizations of forest structure, concentrations of VOCs and precursors emitted by forests, aerosol loading and optical properties in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), formation of new particles by nucleation of gas-phase precursors, ice-nucleating particles concentrations, and biological loading in both cloud-free and cloudy conditions. Simulations and measurements confirm that the Maïdo Observatory lies within the PBL from late morning to late evening and that, when in the PBL, the main primary sources impacting the Maïdo Observatory are of marine origin via the Indian Ocean and of biogenic origin through the dense forest cover. They also show that (i) the marine source prevails less and less while reaching the observatory; (ii) when in the PBL, depending on the localization of a horizontal wind shear, the Maïdo Observatory can be affected by air masses coming directly from the ocean and passing over the Maïdo mountain slope, or coming from inland; (iii) bio-aerosols can be observed in both cloud-free and cloudy conditions at the Maïdo Observatory; (iv) BVOC emissions by the forest covering the Maïdo mountain slope can be transported upslope within clouds and are a potential cause of secondary organic aerosol formation in the aqueous phase at the Maïdo Observatory; and (v) the simulation of dynamics parameters, emitted BVOCs and cloud life cycle in the Meso-NH model are realistic, and more advanced Meso-NH simulations should use an increased horizontal resolution (100 m) to better take into account the orography and improve the simulation of the wind shear front zone within which lies the Maïdo Observatory. Using various observations and simulations, this work draws up an inventory of the in situ studies that could be performed in La Réunion and at the Maïdo Observatory. It also aims to develop scientific collaborations and to support future scientific projects in order to better understand the forest–gas–aerosol–cloud system in an insular tropical environment.
Alternate Bearing of the Olive) Olea europaea L.) as Related to Endogenous Hormonal Content

Reproductive characteristics as well as changes in endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinins were followed for two consecutive years in the lateral buds of alternate bearing, 15-years-old ‘Nabali Muhasan’ olive trees. Results indicated that free ABA and GAs concentration in the “On”-year (year of high crop load) trees was lower than in the “Off”-year (year of low crop load) trees during October to November. However, in the following year for the same period, free ABA in the “Off” year trees was higher than in the “On” year trees. While free GAs in the “Off” year was almost the same as free GAs in the “On”year during the same period suggesting GAs might not have the inhibitory effect for flower bud induction and initiation. Results of IAA concentration did not show any considerable differences in the “On” and in the “Off” year trees during the period September to November in both seasons. This suggests that IAA might not be involved in flower bud induction and initiation in olive. Cytokinins concentration in the “On’ year trees was significantly higher than in the “Off” year during September to November. However in the following year for the same period, no significant difference in cytokinin concentration was recorded. Suggesting a difficulty in establishing a relationship between flower bud induction and initiation and cytokinin concentration. Results indicate that ‘Nabali Muhasan’ is a prove to alternate bearing as yield in the “On” year trees was almost two folds higher than in the “Off” year trees. Which was accompanied by higher number of fruits per shoot in the two consecutive seasons and an increase in the percent of fruit set. A significant increase in shoot length by 95% was observed in the “Off”-year trees between May and October in the season 99/2000, as compared to 39% increase in the “On”-year trees. Higher average number of perfect flowers, lower average number of staminate flowers per inflorescence and higher average number of inflorescences per shoot was observed in the “On-Year” trees. Concluding that the relationship between endogenous plant hormones, vegetative and reproductive growth in the ‘Nabali Muhasan’ olive is complementary.
Organic coating on sulfate and soot particles during late summer in the Svalbard Archipelago

Abstract. Interaction of anthropogenic particles with radiation and clouds plays an important role in Arctic climate change. The mixing state of aerosols is a key parameter to influence aerosol radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions. However, little is known of this parameter in the Arctic, preventing an accurate representation of this information in global models. Here we used transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, and atomic forces microscopy to determine the size and mixing state of individual sulfate and carbonaceous particles at 100 nm to 2 µm collected in the Svalbard Archipelago in summer. We found that 74 % by number of non-sea-salt sulfate particles were coated with organic matter (OM); 20 % of sulfate particles also had soot inclusions which only appeared in the OM coating. The OM coating is estimated to contribute 63 % of the particle volume on average. To understand how OM coating influences optical properties of sulfate particles, a Mie core–shell model was applied to calculate optical properties of individual sulfate particles. Our result shows that the absorption cross section of individual OM-coated particles significantly increased when assuming the OM coating as light-absorbing brown carbon. Microscopic observations here suggest that OM modulates the mixing structure of fine Arctic sulfate particles, which may determine their hygroscopicity and optical properties.
Three cases of Parafilaria bovicola infection in Belgium, and a few recent epidemiological observations on this emergent disease

Parafilariosis is a vectorborne parasitic disease caused by the development of the nematode Parafilaria bovicola in the subcutaneous and intermuscular connective tissues of cattle. On February 28, 2012, the so-called bleeding spots were observed in two heifers and one bull in a cattle herd close to Namur (Belgium). The animals had been treated in December with an injectable ivermectin/closantel solution (Closamectin pour-on, Norbrook Lab) at the recommended dosage. Samples of serohaemorrhagic exudate and blood, as well as skin biopsies, were collected. Embryonated eggs of P bovicola in the serohaemorrhagic exudate and high levels of creatine phosphokinase were detected. Clinically affected animals were treated with injectable ivermectin (Ivomec, Merial) at 200 μg/kg. Two epidemiological phone surveys were carried out in the south of Belgium (Wallonia) in order to estimate the geographical distribution of this condition since it was first described and published in 2009. A standardised questionnaire was used and the results were analysed. Most outbreaks were recorded in the provinces of Liege and Luxembourg. The initial source of infection is still unknown, but this parasitic infection is clearly spreading from the initial Belgian outbreak site.
Energy consumption in mechanical systems using a certain nonlinear degenerate model

In modern engineering materials used for creating effective ballistic shields, the issues of evaluation of their energy consumption are extremely important. The paper presents a new way of solving this problem using a certain degenerate model with dry friction. This method involves the use of specially derived identification equations which describe the decrease in potential energy of the system during its vibratory motion induced by a single pulse load. Analytical considerations have been verified using a computer simulation technique for selected examples.
Comparative Study of the Effects of Drinks and a Capsule Containing Winter Savory (Satureja montana L.) Extract on Changes in Human Body Temperature

We have reported that the ingestion of a drink including winter savory extract (WSE) has an effect on core body temperature (CBT) and body surface temperature (BST) in people who experience cold sensitivity. In this study, to elucidate how the swallowing process contributes to changes in CBT and BST, experiments comparing the effects of WSE-drink and WSE-capsule were performed. We showed that a small amount of WSE-capsule did not affect CBT and BST, but WSE-drink (containing an equal amount of active principles in the WSE-capsule) induced significant changes in peripheral BST without changes in CBT. Moreover, WSEdrink with a higher concentration but equal amount of active principles induced significant changes in both CBT and BST. These results suggest that neurostimulation in the swallowing process after drinking WSE might greatly contribute to heat production and heat transfer (which is caused by peripheral vasodilation) independently of each other.
Early Weaning of Sea Bass (D. labrax) Larvae: Effects on Growth Performance and Digestive Enzyme Activities

In this study, effects of early weaning of sea bass (D. labrax) by microparticulate food on larval development and digestive enzyme activities, acid protease and alkaline protease were investigated until day 40. Larval rearing was conducted in closed sea water systems. Experiments were triplicated on 3 different weaning protocol that introduced on day 15 (MD15), day 20 (MD20) and day 25 (MD25) and also no microparticulate diet (MD) distributed in the control group. At the end of the experiment at 40-day, larval growth was calculated and the best values were obtained from MD25. Statistical differences among groups were not important (P>0.05) whereas MD15 was found different than the other groups (P 0.05) while control group was found statistically different (P<0.05). According to histological analysis, gastric glands and formation of functional stomach were observed on day 24-25 in all experimental groups. Acid protease activity firstly detected at 25 DAH. Control group was found different than the other groups (P<0.05). Finally, in terms of both growth parameters and survival rate and digestive enzyme activities it is clearly concluded that MD supplementation could be started after 25 DAH in D. labrax larviculture.
FLAXSEEDS AND AJWAIN FOR PRIMARY HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Research work was single blind placebo-controlled, conducted at General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan conducted from NOVEMBER 2015 to JANUARY 2016. 75 diagnosed primaryÂ hyperlipidemic patients were selected with age range from 20 to 60 years. Diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking/alcohol addictive patients, peptic ulcer disease, hypothyroidism, kidney dysfunction, any heart disease and liver disease. All patients were divided in three groups, ie; Â 25 in each group. All participantâ€™s baseline lipid profile data were taken and filed in specifically designed Performa, at start of taking medicine. Twenty five patients of group-I were advised to take 10 grams of Flaxseeds in three divided doses after meal. Twenty five patients of group-II were advised to take Ajwain seeds 10 grams in three divided doses after each meal for two months. Twenty five patients of group-III were provided placebo capsules, (containing grinded rice), taking one capsule after each meal. All participants were advised to take these medicines for eight weeks. Followup period: All participants were called fortnightly for their query andÂ follow up. Their LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol was determined at the hospital laboratory. In two months therapy by Flaxseeds decreased LDL-cholesterol 6.2 % and increased HDL-cholesterol 7.7 %. Ajwain reduced LDL-cholesterol 8.9 % and HDL-cholesterol increased 13.1 %. All changes are biostatistically significant with p-value of <0.01. Conclusion: It was concluded from the research that both Flaxseeds and Ajwain are effective in Primary Hyperlipidemia, if used for two months with specific concentrations.
Peer Mentorship for the Internationally Educated Nurse: An Appreciative Inquiry

Within nursing, mentorship between the graduate and student nurse relationship has been a longstanding strategy to support students' clinical placement knowledge and praxis. More recently, peer mentorship between the student-to-student relationships has gained interest within academic settings. However, this area has little research focusing on mentorship processes and outcomes; particularly those related to Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs) and their transitioning into being a learner within an academic setting while acclimatizing to Canadian life. This exploratory project, using an appreciative inquiry (AI) approach, focuses on the peer-mentorship aspect of the student nurse advocacy program (SNAP) with IENs registered as learners at Langara College in the School of Nursing. Specifically, this research project identifies the strengths and needs of IENs registered in a post-degree certificate program, as well as those of their peer mentors. A purposive sample of eight participants voluntarily enrolled in the project wherein each IEN was paired with a peer mentor from SNAP, a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, student. A thematic analysis of data obtained from focus group discussions and a survey questionnaire suggest all participants bring a number of strengths to the mentorship process. Four themes were identified: cultural understanding, trust and support, college integration, and blending of roles. This last theme, blending of roles, provides an alternate view of what is meant by mentorship. Furthermore, the findings suggest key attributes simultaneously support the transition of IENs and build upon the capacities of the peer mentors. Participants identified strategies that can enhance the resources and services provided by SNAP which will inform future IEN education. These strategies and the continued analysis of data will be further explored in phases design and destiny of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) in the next stage of the project.
The role of p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) in the heart

Background Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathological manife station ultimately progressing to heart failure thus making components involved in this pathway attractive therapeutic targets. In this stu dy we have discovered a novel p21activated kinase 1 (Pak1) pathway involving positiv e regulation of an E3 ligase in the prevention of hypertrophy. Methods and Results – Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of constitutively-active Pak1 (Pak1 ) were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 3 weeks. Compared with control group unde r TAC, Pak1 mice demonstrated diminished fibrosis and significantly improved cardiac performance. Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of Pak1 ( Pak1) subjected to 2 weeks TAC developed aggravated hypertrophy. Pak1 was disc overed to positively regulate Fbxo32 expression causing subsequent reduction of c alcineurin (PP2B). Mechanistic 2 studies in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) demo nstrated activation of Smad3 through Pak1 was responsible for the up-regulation of Fbxo32. Pak1 cko mice subjected to TAC following Berberine treatment for 2 weeks under continued TAC successfully prevented hypertrophy in both knockout mice and control mice. Protein expression analysis in TAC-ventricular tissue, as w ell as in NRCMs, confirmed upregulation of Fbxo32 levels were vital for the prev ention of hypertrophy. Conclusion – These results disclose a novel antihypertrophic pat hw y of Pak1 involving down regulation of the NFAT activator, PP 2B. Berberine induced upregulation of Fbxo32 prevents pressure overload ind uce hypertrophy. These results suggest both Pak1 and downstream Fbxo32, possess th rapeutic potential for antihypertrophic treatment. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Fbxo32, Couples Pak1-Smad3 Sig nalling with the Antihypertrophic Pathway Cardiac hypertrophy is a process whereby heart remo d ls to adapt with increased pressure or volume overload. It is define d by an increase in heart mass caused entirely by enlargement of individual cardio my cytes without accompanying hyperplasia (Hill & Olson, 2008). Pathological hype rtrophic growth is associated with many forms of heart disease, including but not limited to ischemic disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction and valvular di sease, leading to eventual heart failure. Pathological hypertrophic growth is initia ted in response to a number of stress stimuli which activate a range of signalling pathways leading to increased protein synthesis, increased fibrosis and reactivat ion of fetal genes (Frey et al., 2004). A well-known factor that contributes to hypertrophy is the calcineurinnuclear factor of activated T-cell (PP2B-NFAT) path way, whereby activation of the
Methods for determining particle size distribution and growth rates between 1 and 3 nm using the Particle Size Magnifier

The most important parameters describing the atmospheric new particle formation process are the particle formation and growth rates. These together determine the amount of cloud condensation nuclei attributed to secondary particle formation. Due to difficulties in detecting small neutral particles, it has previously not been possible to derive these directly from measurements in the size range below about 3 nm. The Airmodus Particle Size Magnifier has been used at the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, southern Finland, and during nucleation experiments in the CLOUD chamber at CERN for measuring particles as small as about 1 nm in mobility diameter. We developed several methods to determine the particle size distribution and growth rates in the size range of 1–3 nm from these data sets. Here we introduce the appearance-time method for calculating initial growth rates. The validity of the method was tested by simulations with the Ion-UHMA aerosol dynamic model.
Service Quality of maternity care from the perspective of pregnant women in Tabriz Health Centers and Health Posts – 2010-2011

Objective: This study was aimed to assess Service Quality (SQ) of maternity care from the perception of pregnant women. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 185 pregnant women at the 9 month of pregnancy were selected randomly from 40 health posts and urban health centers in Tabriz, Iran. Service Quality was calculated using: SQ = 10 – (Importance × Performance) based on importance and performance of non-health aspects from the customer’ perspective. Data collection used a researcher-developed questionnaire whose validity and reliability was reviewed and confirmed. Data analyzed using SPSS-17 software. Independent sample T-test and ANOVA were used to investigate relationship between service quality dimensions and categorical variables. Results: From the customers’ perspective the average service quality score was 7.59 of 10. Service quality aspects of “confidentiality” achieved scores at the level of good quality (≥9); and “support group” (3.48) reached low service quality scores. Also, result indicate housewife assess SQ better than worker (p=0.047) and mother who's have planned pregnancy has had greater SQ score (p=0.022). Although, in the linear regression analysis, job status and planned pregnancy were significantly and independently related to SQ score. Conclusion: Findings revealed a significant room for quality improvement in most aspects of provided care, particularly support group and safety from the perception of people who received
A Study on Assertiveness Level of College Students Who are Doing Orienteering Sports

In essence, Assertiveness is an inclination to undertake new and daring enterprises. Namely, it’s the trait of being adventurous. Assertiveness is an important aspect of communication with others, and it’s also a decisive factor of getting engage with people. In this study, it’s aimed to study Assertiveness level of college students who is doing Orienteering Sports in terms of some variables. This study is carried out will a survey of 7 questions regarding students’ personal information and Rathus’ Assertiveness Schedule which contents 30 questions. This study is carried out in Balikesir, Turkey during College Orienteering Sports Olympics. 192 males and 68 females (Total of 260) college students volunteered to participate with the research. Collected data is analyzed with SPSS distribution of frequency, arithmetic sequence and T-Test. Error rate in this study assumed as 0, 5.According to the study, college students who are involved with Orienteering Sports have Assertiveness level of middle, high or highest level as stated by 260 of the participants. Also, it is found that males’ assertiveness level is higher compared to female participants. Besides, students with ages to have higher assertiveness levels. Study also shows that where students come from makes no difference in terms of assertiveness level. As a result, it has been found that students involved in Orienteering Sports have higher assertiveness level and their previous sports history also contributes in a positive way.
Thermodynamics of the Reduction Roasting of Nickeliferous Laterite Ores

The global nickel sulphide resources are becoming more difficult to mine and, as a result, there is increasing interest in the current and future development of the oxidic nickel laterite deposits. In comparison to the sulphide ores, the nickel laterites cannot be readily upgraded by conventional means and growing attention is being focused on the development of new methods for processing these ores. In this paper, firstly, brief overviews of laterite ore mineralogy and the conventional techniques used to extract the nickel from both the limonitic and the saprolitic nickeliferous laterites are provided. Secondly, previous research on the thermodynamic modelling of the reduction of the laterites is discussed. Thirdly, an improved thermodynamic model is used to predict the equilibrium products arising from the solid state reduction of both the limonitic and the saprolitic ores. Based on these thermodynamic predictions, the reduction behaviors of the two ore types are compared in terms of nickel recovery and grade in the ferronickel product. The effects of reduction temperature, ore composition and carbon additions were studied. Finally, the results from the simulations are compared to the experimental data available in the literature.