Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Research Audit Trial - Enhancing Trustworthiness in Qualitative Inquiry

Positivist and interpretivist researchers have different views on how their research outcomes may be evaluated. The issues of validity, reliability and generalisability, used in evaluating positivist studies, are regarded of relatively little significance by many qualitative researchers for judging the merits of their interpretive investigations. In confirming the research, those three canons need at least to be re-conceptualised in order to reflect the keys issues of concern for interpretivists. Some interpretivists address alternative issues such as credibility, dependability and transferability when determining the trustworthiness of their qualitative investigations. A strategy proposed by several authors for establishing the trustworthiness of the qualitative inquiry is the development of a research audit trail. The audit trail enables readers to trace through a researcher's logic and determine whether the study's findings may be relied upon as a platform for further enquiry. While recommended in theory, this strategy is rarely implemented in practice. This paper examines the role of the research audit trail in improving the trustworthiness of qualitative research. Further, it documents the development of an audit trail for an empirical qualitative research study that centred on an interpretive evaluation of a new Information and Communication Technology (ICT) student administrative system in the tertiary education sector in the Republic of Ireland. This research study examined the impact of system introduction across five Institutes of Technology (IoTs) through case study research that incorporated multiple evidence sources. The evidence collected was analysed using a grounded theory method, which was supported by qualitative data analysis software. The key concepts and categories that emerged from this process were synthesized into a cross case primary narrative; through reflection the primary narrative was reduced to a higher order narrative that presented the principle findings or key research themes. From this higher order narrative a theoretical conjecture was distilled. Both a physical and intellectual audit trail for this study are presented in this paper. The physical audit trail documents all keys stages of a research study and reflects the key research methodology decisions. The intellectual audit trail, on the other hand, outlines how a researcher's thinking evolved throughout all phases of the study. Hence, these audit trails make transparent the key decisions taken throughout the research process. The paper concludes by discussing the value of this audit trail process in confirming a qualitative study's findings.
Epistemic dynamics and protocol information

Mathematical representation of knowledge and belief has become a topic of increasing interest. An individual knows or believes certain things based on the information she has. What type of mathematical models can we use for precise representations of her information, knowledge or beliefs? When an individual's environment involves other individuals, she may know what others know, and such knowledge depends on the knowledge that others have. How can we represent the relations between her knowledge and the knowledge of others? Finally, an individual may obtain new information during the course of her activities by observing facts in nature, interacting with other individuals, making inferences from what she previously knows, and so on. How can we capture these informational changes in her knowledge? Investigations of these questions have been addressed under the umbrella term, 'intelligent interaction', and they have been studied in various fields. There are two important aspects in describing intelligent interaction. One is how agents' epistemic states change over relevant informational events. Different informational events change agents' information differently and the way that informational events change agents' information can be quite subtle. Therefore, it is crucial to get a good grasp on informational events and their informational effects. I call this aspect epistemic dynamics. The other is what informational events can take place in the course of agents' interaction. Both the information that agents have and the way that the information changes depend not only on what informational event happens but also on what kind of process agents' interaction involves. Informational events that can happen reflect what the process is and, as such, are important to be captured. I call the kind of information protocol information. The dissertation will investigate intelligent interaction from the perspectives of epistemic dynamics and protocol information. The first objectives of the dissertation is to develop a formal framework that represents the two perspectives. The formal framework is developed by merging the two major systems in the literature, Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) and Epistemic Temporal Logic (ETL). The second objective of the dissertation is to illustrate how our new framework can throw new light on existing philosophical problems. In particular, we will study The Knowability Paradox and Epistemic Closure Principle by using our formal framework.
Removal of famoxadone, fluquinconazole and trifloxystrobin residues in red wines: Effects of clarification and filtration processes

The effects of six clarification agents [egg albumin, blood albumin, bentonite + gelatine, charcoal, polyvinylpolypyrrolidine (PVPP) and silica gel] on the removal of residues of three fungicides (famoxadone, fluquinconazole and trifloxystrobin) applied directly to a racked red wine, elaborated from Monastrell variety grapes from the D.O. Region of Jumilla (Murcia, Spain) were studied. The clarified wines were filtered with 0.45 μ m nylon filters to determine the influence of this winemaking process in the disappearance of fungicide residues. Analytical determination of fluquinconazole and trifloxystrobin was performed by gas chromatography with electron captor detector (ECD), while that of famoxadone using an HPLC equipped with a diode array detector (DAD). Generally, trifloxystrobin is the fungicide that is the lowest persistent one in wines, except in the egg albumin study whereas, the most persistent one is fluquinconazole. The elimination depends on the nature of the active ingredient, though the water stability in the presence of light within it has more influence than the solubility and polarity of the product itself. The most effective clarifying agents were the charcoal and PVPP. The silica gel and bentonite plus gelatine were not enough to reduce considerably the residual contents in the wine clarified with them. In general terms, filtration is not an effective step in the elimination of wine residues. The greatest removal after filtration is obtained in wines clarified with egg albumine and bentonite plus gelatine, and the lowest in those clarified with PVPP.
Biomechanical Effect of Prosthetic Connection and Implant Body Shape in Low-Quality Bone of Maxillary Posterior Single Implant-Supported Restorations.

PURPOSE Dental implant macrogeometry parameters, such as the prosthetic connection and implant body shape, can influence the biomechanical behavior of the restoration. Using tridimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA), this study evaluated the biomechanical behavior of two implant macrodesign parameters (prosthetic connection and implant body shape) in low-quality bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups were obtained by the combination of external hexagon and Morse taper connections, and cylindrical and conical body shapes. Implants (4ø × 10-mm) with a microthread collar and triangular thread shape received a single abutment and monolithic zirconia crown on the maxillary first molar. Bone was constructed on the basis of cross-sectional images of the posterior human maxilla obtained by cone beam computed tomography. A 200-N axial loading was distributed on five points of the occlusal surface. Data were acquired as shear stress (τmax, in megapascals) and strain (εmax, in micrometers) in the cortical and trabecular bone. RESULTS The external hexagon groups generated higher shear stress/strain values compared with Morse taper groups in the cortical bone, regardless of implant body shape. In the trabecular bone, the highest τmax and εmax values were observed in the Morse taper conical implant group (6.94 MPa and 21.926 × 10⁻⁴ μm, respectively), and the lowest values were observed in the external hexagon cylindrical implant group (4.47 MPa and 9.3155 × 10⁻⁴ μm, respectively). CONCLUSION The magnitudes of shear stress and strain in the peri-implant region of low-quality bone was lower with the use of Morse taper connection and cylindrical implants compared with external hexagon connection and conical implants.
Hierarchical Multipartite Function Evaluation

Function evaluation is an important arithmetic computation in many signal processing applications, such as special function units in modern graphics processing units (GPUs). Hardware implementations of function evaluation usually consists of lookup tables (LUT) and some simple arithmetic units of multipliers and/or adders. LUT usually takes a significant portion of total area cost, especially when function evaluators are allowed to compute several different arithmetic functions with shared arithmetic units where evaluation of each function needs separate LUT. In this paper, we focus on the category of table-addition (TA) function evaluators that are composed of two types of LUT, table of initial values (TI) and table of offset values (TO), followed by a multi-operand adder. It has been shown that multipartite table method (MP) has significant improvement over prior similar designs such as symmetric bipartite table methods (SBTM) and symmetric table addition methods (STAM) for applications with low-to-medium precision requirements. This paper presents an extension of MP, called hierarchical multipartite (HMP), which further reduces total table size by applying several levels of table decompositions. Furthermore, we perform the bit-width optimization by jointly considering the impacts of all error sources during the search of best table decompositions, leading to more efficient hardware design. Besides, a new lossless decomposition of TI is presented, resulting in additional saving of table size without incurring any extra errors. Experimental results show that the proposed design can efficiently reduce the total area cost in ASIC and FPGA implementations.
Double layer versus Single layer Gastro-intestinal anastomosis in gastric cancer surgery in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital

Introduction: In gastric cancer surgery, gastrojejunostomy is one of the most important procedures. Anastomosis between different parts of the stomach and the intestine is a basic technical component in all gastrointestinal procedure. Backgrounds and aims: This study evaluated complications of gastrojejunostomy in gastric cancer surgery with two methods: single-layer and double-layer anastomosis. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the department of surgery in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012. 100 patients with carcinoma stomach who needed gastrojejunostomy were included in this study. These patients with average age of 43.22 years were divided in two groups (50 in each group); single-layer and double-layer anastomosis. In single-layer anastomosis gastrojejunostomy was performed in interrupted method with absorbable suture (2/0 vicryl). Double-layer anastomosis was carried out with continuous suture (2/0 silk, 2/0 catgut). Possible post-operative complications like anastomotic leakage, pelvic abscess, abdominal sepsis, anastomotic stenosis and wound infection were evaluated. Results: In the single-layer group, 4 patients (8%) developed anastomotic leakage, wound infection and only 2 patients (4%) developed abdominal sepsis, pelvic abscess and anastomotic bleeding. No patient developed anastomotic stricture. In double-layer group, 2 (4%) patients developed anastomotic leakage, only 1 (2%) patient had pelvic abscess, abdominal sepsis and anastomotic bleeding but wound infection in 2 (4%) patients. Conclusion: Gastrojejunostomy with single-layer hand-sewn suture technique is safe without serious complications in comparison to double-layer suture technique. More-over operation time is less and cost is less in single-layer method. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i2. 16695 Community Based Medical Journal 2013 July: Vol.02 No 02: 30-34
Extracellular and intracellular factors affecting nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes collected from different sizes of follicles

Nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes collected from different sizes of follicles were examined. Oocyte-cumulus complexes were collected from small (1-2 mm in diameter), medium (3-6 in diameter) and large (7-8 mm in diameter) follicles and cultured in a modified tissue culture medium 199 for 44 h. Nuclear maturation was evaluated after orcein staining, and cytoplasmic maturation was evaluated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) assay. Oocyte diameter, cumulus morphology, steroid hormones and glutathione in the follicular fluid (FF), were also examined. Significantly higher proportions of oocytes collected from large and medium follicles reached metaphase II than did oocytes from small follicles. Oocytes from small follicles also had a smaller size. GSH content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in oocytes from large (14.24 ± 2.1 pmol/oocyte) and medium (13.69 ± 1.5 pmol/oocyte) follicles than in oocytes from small (9.44 ± 1.28 pmol/oocyte) follicles just after collection. After maturation, oocytes from medium follicles had a higher GSH concentration than oocytes from small follicles. It was found that between 49.7 ± 5.18 nM and 52.25 ± 0.78 nM GSH was present in FF but there was no statistical difference between follicle sizes. A significantly higher (p < 0.001) estradiol level was present in FF from large follicles (299.2 ± 68.6 ng/ml) than from medium (40.0 ± 6.4 ng/ml) and small (41.2 ± 3.7 ng/ml) follicles. Progesterone concentrations in FF from large (281.6 ± 45.9 ng/ml) and medium (267.5 ± 38.6 ng/ml) follicles were significantly higher than that (174.7 ± 22.0 ng/ml) from small follicles. These results indicate that the oocyte's ability to accumulate intracellular GSH during maturation, and extracellular steroid hormones and cumulus cells, affect the competence of porcine oocytes to undergo nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation.
COMPRESSED NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE & ITS IMPACT ON OUTSOURCING DECISIONS IN AUTO COMPONENT INDUSTRY

The compulsion to continuous development of new product has resulted in compressed product life cycle.A consequence of this compressed product life cycle is the time crunch or the “schedule pressure” that the new product development (NPD) team in a companyconfronts. The time-to-market or schedule pressure can be one of the main reason of increasing outsourcing activities related to NPD as outsourcing brings together multiple best-in-class suppliers work simultaneously on individual components of a system a nd
Name Letter Branding: Valence Transfers When Product Specific Needs Are Active

Respondents in five experiments were more likely to choose a brand when the brand name started with letters from their names than when it did not, a choice phenomenon we call "name letter branding. " We propose that during a first stage an active need to self-enhance increases the positive valence of name letters themselves and that during stage 2 positive name letter valence transfers to product-specific attributes (e.g., taste of a beverage). Accordingly, when respondents form a brand preference (e.g., of beverages), activating a product-specific need (e.g., need to drink) boosts the influence of this (transferred) valence. (c) 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Circular Polarization Fractal Koch microstrip patch Antenna using single-fed EM coupled ring Resonators

This paper describes the design and analysis of a Circular Polarization Fractal Koch Antenna using single-fed electromagnetic (EM) coupled ring resonator at 2.4 GHz. By applying fractal Koch, the proposed antenna size is reduced about 5% compared to the square patch using single-fed EM coupled ring resonator antenna. The simulation process has been done by CST software. Simulation as well as measurement results with antenna design have been presented and it shows that a good agreement in term of return loss and axial ratio. The antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 1.65% at −10dB return loss and 3dB Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidth of 0.78% with gain of 5.97dBi
Shigellosis in a squirrel monkey: a clinical history

Morbillivirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from buffalo spleen, and fresh tissues from kudu and eland were positive by agar gel diffusion and PCR (Kock and others 1999). Sequence analysis on the PCR products indicated that the viruses infecting the three ungulate samples were closely related. It is worth noting that laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis took over a year, while routine histopathology strongly suggested rinderpest early in the outbreak. The epidemiology ofthis epizootic suggested that the virus entered a population of buffalo or lesser kudu and spread within it at a rate based on density, social structure and behaviour of the species (Kock and others 1999). The source of infection to the wild ruminants was presumed to be cattle, transported into and through wildlife areas for forage and water. Natural cases in cattle were only documented late in the epizootic, and the cases tended to be mild. The virus isolated from the wild ruminants also produced mild disease in experimental cattle. However, mild strains of rinderpest have affected both wildlife and cattle in the past (Robson and others 1959).
Severe Pallister–Hall syndrome with persistent urogenital sinus, renal agenesis, imperforate anus, bilateral hypothalamic hamartomas, and severe skeletal anomalies

We have read with interest the report of Narumi et al. [2010] regarding female genital defects including vaginal atresia and hydrometrocolpos in females with Pallister–Hall syndrome. We would like to add to this literature our report of an extremely severely affected infant who died neonatally due to pulmonary hypoplasia and was found to have severe Pallister–Hall syndrome including, among other features, common urogenital sinus, bilateral renal agenesis, duplicated uterus, and high imperforate anus. This female infant was born to a 25-year-old G3, P1 following a pregnancy complicated by second trimester bleeding and abnormal ultrasound with oligohydramnios, severe mesomelic shortening of all four limbs, tetralogy of Fallot, and posterior fossa anomalies including an arachnoid cyst, and possible occipital encephalocele. Amniocentesis was attempted, but due to the oligohydramnios, the sample was inadequate and only limited studies were possible. The karyotypewas 46XXandcentromere separationwas absent in a very limited study. Testing for atelosteogenesis (DTDST sequencing and FLNB sequencing) and campomelic dysplasia (SOX9 sequencing) was delayed due to tissue culture failure, but ultimately was performed on cord blood with normal results. Due to progressively worsening oligohydramnios (AFI < 1), pulmonary hypoplasia, and profound intrauterine growth retardation, induction was planned at 33 weeks. The infant was very small for gestational age with a birth weight of 1,133 g, crown rump length of 27.5 cm, and head circumference of 26 cm (all <2%) and lived for less than an hour. Her facial appearance was dysmorphic and somewhat suggestive of an orofaciodigital syndrome with sloping forehead, short downslanting palpebral fissures, narrow nasal bridge with bulbous nasal tip, a pit in the center of the philtrum, cleft palate, virtually absent vermilion of the upper lip, smallmouth, and severemicrognathia (Fig. 1). The neckwas shortwith excess skin, nippleswere lowset, and therewas a mild pectus excavatum.Therewas imperforate anus and a common genitourinary opening with prominent labia majora and absent labia minora. The limbs showed severe acromesomelia with knee hyperextension, and bowing of the shins and forearms. In addition to severe brachydactyly, there was polysyndactyly of the hands and
Fas and Fas ligand expression in tumor cells and in vascular smooth‐muscle cells of colonic and renal carcinomas

CD95/APO‐1 ligand (FasL) is implicated in the maintenance of immune privileged sites by inducing apoptosis of activated infiltrating T lymphocytes. Therefore, progressive tumors might express high levels of FasL and develop as immune privileged sites. In this study, we investigated the expression of FasL and CD95/APO‐1 (Fas, the FasL‐receptor) in vitro in rat adenocarcinoma cell lines and the localization in situ in normal human kidney and colon and in their adenocarcinomas. The rat cell line PROb (a progressive tumor in vivo) expressed a higher level of FasL than the sister cell line REGb (a regressive tumor in vivo), as detected by flow cytometry. The 2 cell lines expressed the same level of Fas, but were resistant to FasL‐induced apoptosis. In human tissue, both kidney and colon extracts expressed FasL by Western blot. Further investigations, using immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections, showed that normal colon mucosa expressed Fas and FasL in crypt epithelial cells in the sub‐nuclear compartment. Normal kidney showed Fas and FasL labeling mostly restricted to epithelial cells of proximal tubules and Henlé's loop, showing that this expression is not uniform throughout the organ. Smooth‐muscle cells of muscularis propria and blood vessels in and around the tumors were also intensly but more uniformly labeled. In colon‐cancer cells, FasL expression remained strong, whereas Fas expression was significantly reduced. A similar reduction in Fas expression was noted in renal‐cancer cells. Tumor‐infiltrating immune cells of the macrophage lineage do not express FasL. Our results show that smooth‐muscle cells of muscularis propria and blood vessels are able to express FasL and to a slight extent Fas. In normal epithelial cells of colon and kidney, Fas and FasL are often co‐expressed. The reduced expression of Fas in corresponding cancer cells in combination with the ability to express FasL might facilitate immune escape. Int. J. Cancer 81:772–778, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.