Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-instrument magnetospheric substorm studies

Multi-Instrument Magnetospheric Substorm Studies Natalie Caroline Draper The work presented in this thesis is intended to improve our understanding of the magnetospheric substorm process and in particular the substorm onset mechanism. Studying the timing o f known substorm expansion phase onset signatures from a variety of instruments collecting data in key regions o f the magnetosphere, ionosphere and on the ground allowed comparison o f the events chosen to substorm onset models. Two substorm case studies are presented for intervals during which complementary data sets were available. The principal data sets came from the Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM), Plasma Electron and Current Experiment (PEACE), Cluster Ion Experiment (CIS) and Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors (RAPID) instruments on the Cluster spacecraft. It was only possible to determine the onset mechanism for one of the three substorms studied (the near-Earth neutral line model). Rapid thinning o f the current sheet was detected prior to the third substorm studied. A tailward-moving travelling compression region was then detected in the magnetotail at substorm onset, and the near-Earth neutral line was located at 15 Re downtail. At onset the Region 1 current system was skewed to the pre-midnight sector, later returning to a more central location about the midnight sector. A new feature has been identified in the magnetotail and termed a magnetic cavity. This was not a singular feature; ten magnetic cavities were identified and four studied in detail. They are features located in the plasma sheet boundary layer and plasma sheet which have close to zero magnetic field and plasma characteristics similar to that o f the central plasma sheet. There is evidence that magnetic cavities may be associated with the recovery phase o f magnetospheric substorms.
Same Song, Different Verse: Developing Research Skills with Low Stakes Assignments

The research component of college writing and composition courses is often only practiced as part of high stakes assignments. This paper proposes a collaborative approach to helping students develop foundational research skills that builds on the success of the low stakes writing movement. Using Elbow’s 1997 article “High Stakes and Low Stakes in Assigning and Responding to Writing” as a framework, the low stakes research model centers around providing students multiple opportunities to practice research skills in a manner that alleviates library research anxiety and increases research quality. Key to the success of this model is a collaborative relationship between the classroom faculty member and the librarian.
Generalizability Theory: Overview†

Generalizability (G) theory is a statistical theory for evaluating the dependability (reliability) of behavioral measurements. G theory estimates multiple sources of measurement error and permits decision makers to design a measurement procedure that minimizes error. Keywords: dependability; generalizability theory; reliability
About mathematical models of system dynamics with geometric constraints in problems of stability and stabilization by incomplete state information

This article is devoted to constructing equations of motion for Holonomic systems using Lagrangian variables. We introduce the form of equations which allow for detailed analyses of both linear and non-linear terms of perturbed motion equations. Steady motion stability of systems with redundant coordinates is only possible in critical cases; e.g. when the characteristic equation has roots whose real parts are zero. In this case, it is imperative to analyze the nonlinear terms of the characteristic equation to solve stability issues. We suggest a rigorous method of solving stability problem for systems with geometric constraints. The method is based on analytical mechanics, theory of critical cases, nonlinear stability theory, and N.N. Krasovsky’s procedure of solving linear-quadratic problems. This grants the ability to make reasonable conclusions regarding system stability and calculations and calculate coefficients of the linear stabilizing control
Asymptotic properties of time domain gaussian estimators

We consider a general non-linear multivariate time series model which can be parameterized by a finite and fixed number of parameters and which can be rewritten, if necessary, in a form such that the disturbances are stationary martingale differences. Given a series of discrete, equally spaced observations we prove the strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the Gaussian estimators of the parameters, the parameters possibly being subject to non-linear constraints. Because the normal equations are usually highly non-linear it may be difficult to obtain explicit expressions for the Gaussian estimates. To overcome this problem we use a Gauss–Newton type algorithm to obtain a sequence of iterates which converge to, and have the same asymptotic properties as, the Gaussian estimates.
Estimating Ratio of Peak to Uniform Values of Various profiles of relevance of Plasma Focus Pinch

In the Lee Model code for radiative plasma focus computation, both the density profile and the temperature profile (versus anode radius) of the pinch column are approximated by step functions with uniform values across the column radius. This means that the computed density and temperatures will be lower than the physical situation where the density and temperature profiles will certainly have peak values higher than the uniform (with radius) values of the step function. It has been shown that the density profile is side-peaked (somewhat shell-shaped or like the shape of a volcanic crater) with the assumption of no reflected shock wave; whereas the temperature profile is centre-peaked somewhat like a Gaussian shape. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of higher degree mathematical function, where the crater- shaped profile can be well represented, to approximate the plasma focus density profile. Two different approximated functions will be discussed: namely Gaussian distribution function and Bezier function. From these profiles we obtain the likely ratio of the profiled peak temperature to the step function uniform temperature and the peak density to the step function uniform density. In this manner we are able to suggest correction factors to the temperature and density computed by the Lee Model code.
The Importance of Cross Database Evaluation in Sound Classification

In numerous articles (Martin and Kim, 1998; Fraser and Fujinaga, 1999; and many others) sound classification algorithms are evaluated using "self classification" - the learning and test groups are randomly selected out of the same sound database. We will show that "self classification" is not necessarily a good statistic for the ability of a classification algorithm to learn, generalize or classify well. We introduce the alternative "Minus-1 DB" evaluation method and demonstrate that it does not have the shortcomings of "self classification".
Distributed Control of a Planar Discrete Elastic Rod Model for Caterpillar-Inspired Locomotion

During crawling, a caterpillar body stretches and bends, and a wave repeatedly travels from the tail to the head. Recently, caterpillar locomotion has been modeled using the theory of planar discrete elastic rods (PDER). This work takes a similar modeling approach and introduces feedback control laws with communication between neighboring segments. Caterpillar locomotion is modeled first as a network of spring-mass-dampers connected through nearest neighbor interactions and then as a network of linked torsional springs. Feedback laws are designed to achieve consensus and traveling wave solutions. Simulation results show the displacement of each segment of a caterpillar during locomotion. These results show promise for the design of feedback control laws in a network model of soft robotic systems.
Modelling of Left-Truncated Heavy-Tailed Data with Application to Catastrophe Bond Pricing

Abstract In this article, we concentrate on modelling heavy-tailed data which can be subjected to left-truncation. We modify an existing procedure for modelling left-truncated data via a compound non-homogeneous Poisson process to make it systematically applicable in the context heavy-tailed data. The introduced procedure can be applied when the underlying severities of the process follow Burr type XII, Generalised Pareto and Generalised Extreme Value distributions by using the Maximum Product of Spacings (MPS) parameter estimation technique. As a natural consequence of the MPS technique, we consider how Moran’s log spacings statistic for testing goodness-of-fit of the severity distributions can be adapted to suit left-truncated data. Thereafter, we compare the performance of this new fitting procedure against traditional maximum likelihood estimation in the context of natural catastrophe loss data, and evidence in favour of MPS is found. Within the context of these data, we also compare our procedure to a one that does not account for left-truncation. We end our contribution by proposing, for our modelling procedure, a Monte Carlo importance sampling algorithm which ensures that large losses are satisfactorily simulated. In closing, we illustrate the potential usage of both the new fitting and simulation procedures by presenting catastrophe bond prices with a trigger based on the analysed heavy-tailed data.
Current status of the DARPA Quantum Network

This paper reports the current status of the DARPA Quantum Network, which became fully operational in BBN's laboratory in October 2003, and has been continuously running in 6 nodes operating through telecommunications fiber between Harvard University, Boston University, and BBN since June 2004. The DARPA Quantum Network is the world's first quantum cryptography network, and perhaps also the first QKD systems providing continuous operation across a metropolitan area. Four more nodes are now being added to bring the total to 10 QKD nodes. This network supports a variety of QKD technologies, including phase-modulated lasers through fiber, entanglement through fiber, and freespace QKD. We provide a basic introduction and rational for this network, discuss the February 2005 status of the various QKD hardware suites and software systems in the network, and describe our operational experience with the DARPA Quantum Network to date. We conclude with a discussion of our ongoing work.
Effect of age of acquisition and semantic transparency on character recognition

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age of acquisition and semantic transparency on character recognition in traditional characters. Forty-six university students studying in Hong Kong participated in the study. A lexical decision task was employed and the participants were required to judge whether the presented character was a real character or not. The result showed that age of acquisition significantly predicts the response time and response accuracy, with early acquired characters were responded more quickly and accurately than late acquired characters. However, the effect of semantic transparency was insignificant. In conclusion, age of acquisition effect appears in the early stage of character recognition while the effect of semantic transparency is not. Effect of age of acquisition and semantic transparency on character recognition 3
A FAR-INFRARED CHARACTERIZATION OF 24 μm SELECTED GALAXIES AT 0 < z < 2.5 USING STACKING AT 70 μm AND 160 μm IN THE COSMOS FIELD

We present a study of the average properties of luminous infrared galaxies detected directly at 24 μm in the COSMOS field using a median stacking analysis at 70 μm and 160 μm. Over 35,000 sources spanning 0 ⩽ z ⩽ 3 and 0.06 mJy ⩽S24 ⩽ 3.0 mJy are stacked, divided into bins of both photometric redshift and 24 μm flux. We find no correlation of S70/S24 flux density ratio with S24, but find that galaxies with higher S24 have a lower S160/S24 flux density ratio. These observed ratios suggest that 24 μm selected galaxies have warmer spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at higher mid-IR fluxes, and therefore have a possible higher fraction of active galactic nuclei. Comparisons of the average S70/S24 and S160/S24 colors with various empirical templates and theoretical models show that the galaxies detected at 24 μm are consistent with “normal” star-forming galaxies and warm mid-IR galaxies such as Mrk 231, but inconsistent with heavily obscured galaxies such as Arp 220. We perform a χ2 analysis to determine best-fit galactic model SEDs and total IR luminosities for each of our bins. We compare our results to previous methods of estimating LIR and find that previous methods show considerable agreement over the full redshift range, except for the brightest S24 sources, where they overpredict the bolometric IR luminosity at high redshift, most likely due to their warmer dust SED. We present a table that can be used as a more accurate and robust method for estimating bolometric infrared luminosity from 24 μm flux densities.
Case in Heritage Korean

In a series of five experiments with 31 Korean heritage children, we show that knowledge of case and the ability to use it must be evaluated with careful attention to multiple factors that can influence access to morphological information in the course of comprehension and production. The first two experiments, which compared the canonical SOV pattern with the non-canonical OSV pattern, employed picture-selection comprehension tasks to assess knowledge of case. Poor performance on OSV sentences was mitigated by experimental manipulations that either enhanced the perceptual salience of case or provided felicitous conditions for the use of non-canonical word order. The next three experiments, all involving production tasks, revealed that many children who failed to demonstrate knowledge of case in the comprehension tasks actually produced nominative and accusative case correctly, thereby revealing their knowledge of this morphosyntactic system.
A General Analysis of Boundedly Rational Learning in Social Networks

We analyze boundedly rational learning in social networks within binary action environments. We establish how learning outcomes depend on the environment (i.e., informational structure, utility function), the axioms imposed on the updating behavior, and the network structure. In particular, we provide a normative foundation for quasi‐Bayesian updating, where a quasi‐Bayesian agent treats others' actions as if they were based only on their private signal. Quasi‐Bayesian updating induces learning (i.e., convergence to the optimal action for every agent in every connected network) only in highly asymmetric environments. In all other environments, learning fails in networks with a diameter larger than 4. Finally, we consider a richer class of updating behavior that allows for nonstationarity and differential treatment of neighbors' actions depending on their position in the network. We show that within this class there exist updating systems that induce learning for most networks.
Data Transmission Opportunities for Collaborative Cloud-Based Building Information Modeling

Collaboration within Building Information Modeling process is mainly based on file transfer while BIM data being exchanged in either vendor specific file formats or neutral format using Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). However, since the Web enables Cloud-based BIM services, it provides an opportunity to exchange data via Web transfer services. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate what features of Cloud interoperability can assist a network-based BIM data transmission for a collaborative work flow in the Architecture, Construction, and Engineering (AEC) industry. This study indicates that Cloud-BIM interoperability needs to deploy major components such as APIs, data transfer protocols, data formats, and standardization to redefine BIM data flow in the Cloud and to reshape the collaboration process.
Some notes on clefting and fronting.

In this paper I test the predictions of a conjecture formulated in Belletti (2008), according to which the distinction between subject and non-subject clefts as answering strategies should not hold in languages in which information focus and contrastive focus are both realized in the left periphery of the sentence. I discuss the results of an experiment on Sicilian, specifically designed to test the acceptability of the cleft construction in relation to fronting. The analysis of the results confirms an interesting correlation between fronting and clefting, whereby languages resorting to FF as a generalized focus strategy only marginally admit clefts. At the same time, it endorses the necessity, at the basis of Belletti’s analysis, of distinguishing between subject and non-subject clefts.
Information Systems Job Market Late 1970'S-Early 2010'S

This research presents a longitudinal exploration of the information systems (IS) job market over the last three-and-a-half decades (early 1970's-early 2010's). It is the third installment in a series of articles presented in the Journal of Computer Information Systems. Specifically, it focuses on the particular job skills that employers have sought to find in IT workers. This study seeks to answer two primary research questions: (1) What are the most popular job skills in the current IT job market? and (2) What are the longitudinal trends related to the specific job skills that are in demand? In answering these questions, the research presented provides both an historic overview of changes in the job market over time, as well as a clear representation of the skills required in today's job market. Findings reveal the diversity in both the range of job skills employers are seeking and the types of skills prospective employees should possess. Implications for IS curriculum design are discussed.
Plutonium Excretion Model for the Healthy Man

Long-term 239,240 Pu excretion in the urine was studied in 130 «Mayak» radiochemical plant workers with different levels of health impairment. The study was based on a comparison of the 239,240 Pu excretion rate measurements with the post-mortem findings of 239,240 Pu body content estimates at long times after the intake. The following model is suggested for describing the urinary 239,240 Pu content, e u , in a healthy human at t days after a blood intake of q os units of 239,240 Pu: e u = q os × 10 −4 [41 exp(−0.56t) + 12 exp(−0.126t) + + 1.3 exp(−0.0165t) + 0.3 exp(−0.00231t) + 0.13 exp(−0.00002t)] The equation provides a conservative estimate based on urinalysis in dosimetric monitoring of nuclide uptake
Effect of Stretching during the Inter-Set Rest Periods on the Kinematics and Kinetics of High and Low Velocity Resistance Loading Schemes: Implications for Hypertrophy

Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 2(1): 45–57, 2014 - The time that muscle is under tension (TUT) during a session is thought an important strength and hypertrophic stimulus. Session TUT can be increased if stretching is undertaken during the inter-set rest periods. However, the stretching may interfere with the ensuing set and session kinematics and kinetics. Consequently the purpose of this study was to determine if the session kinematics and kinetics of 35% 1RM and 70% 1RM loading schemes equated by volume differed significantly when stretching was undertaken during the inter-set rest periods. Twelve male student-athletes were recruited for this study. Squat average force (AF), peak force (PF), average power (AP), peak power (PP), work (TW) and total impulse (TI) were quantified during the eccentric and concentric phases of two interventions, one involving stretch during the interset rest period and the other a non-stretch intervention. Total session kinematics and kinetics differed by ~0-7% between interventions; however, none of these differences were found to be significant (P < 0.05). It was concluded that lower limb active interset stretching of 12-15 s duration during a ~90 s rest period did not adversely affect squat kinematics and kinetics. Key words: active stretch, load, volume, force, power, time under tension, work
Detection of intraseasonal oscillations in the Bay of Bengal using altimetry

Air–sea and mixed layer dynamics in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) respond strongly to Intraseasonal Oscillations (ISOs) that primarily operate on three observed time scales: the 30–90 day Madden‐Julian Oscillation, the 10–20 day quasi‐biweekly oscillation, and the synoptic‐scale 3–7 day oscillation of the monsoon trough. In this research, we focus on local and basin‐wide signals, zonal and meridional propagation, and variability of ISOs with respect to the strength of the summer monsoon season over a multi‐decadal period (1993–2016). For the first time, this study examines the relationship between larger‐ and shorter‐period ISOs in SLA and shows the usefulness of altimetry data in Indian monsoon studies. We compare ISOs in SLA during years with summer monsoons of varying strengths, finding notably stronger circulation and larger amplitude of all ISOs in years with stronger summer monsoons theorized in part to be due to the first‐baroclinic mode forcing from low‐level winds (R2 values of 0.61, 0.67, and 0.64 in the northern, central, and southern Bay, respectively), although it is important to note the influence of other local forcings, such as mesoscale eddies and coastal Kelvin waves. We demonstrate that 30–90 day variability of SLA is initially forced by equatorial processes and strengthened by local processes in the BoB, as higher‐amplitude SLA ISOs were consistently observed in the southern and eastern Bay. Local processes like coastal Kelvin waves were found to strongly influence the 10–20 day quasi‐biweekly signal, as was seen in the high‐amplitude 10–20 day SLA ISOs found in the eastern BoB. The synoptic signal also revealed a zonal pattern consistent with coastal Kelvin wave intensification and eddy generation.
The Effect of Climate Change on Yam Production in Ghana: A Case Study of Techiman Municipality

Změna klimatu je jednim z važných problemů v oblasti životniho prostředi, ktera ve větsině oblasti světa vyvolala spoustu veřejných protestů kvůli tomu, že ma dopad na na zemědělstvi, energetiku a průmysl. Tato studie se snaži zjistit dopad změny klimatu na produkci jamu v Ghaně. Data od pěstitelů jamu, zaměrně vybraných ze tři komunit v arealu studie, byla sesbirana během semi-strukturovaných rozhovorů. Studie naznacuje narůst maximalnich i minimalnich teplot spojených s nespolehlivým množstvim sražek během poslednich dvou desetileti. Take je v ni uvedeno, že hlavni efekt variability klimatu ma předevsim vliv na spatný výnos jamu. Největsim zjistěnim je, že průměrne povětrnostni podminky jako intenzivni slunecni zaře, vysoke nebo nizke množstvi desťových sražek, silný vitr, sucho a dalsi podminky, maji jak pozitivni, tak negativni vliv na sklizeň jamu ve zkoumaných obcich. Tyto klimaticke podminky, studovane během poslednich 30 let, jsou v soucasne době pod vlivem klimaticke změny. Předpoklada se, že změna klimatu se zesili a stane se problemem globalniho významu. Možnost poklesu sražek a/nebo zvýseni teploty je velmi neblaha pro ghanske zemědělstvi, protože klimaticke podminky jsou zde již krute. Analýzou rozhovorů s farmařy bylo odhaleno podstatne zvýseni teploty a proměnlivost frekvence desťových sražek. Ghanský institut výzkumu zemědělstvi by měl vytvořit teplu odolne plodiny jamu, ktere by byly schopny odolat klimatickým změnam, zejm. vysokým teplotam.