Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: a meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the adult attachment interview

: About a decade ago, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; C. George, N. Kaplan, & M. Main, 1985) was developed to explore parents' mental representations of attachment as manifested in language during discourse of childhood experiences. The AAI was intended to predict the quality of the infant-parent attachment relationship, as observed in the Ainsworth Strange Situation, and to predict parents' responsiveness to their infants' attachment signals. The current meta-analysis examined the available evidence with respect to these predictive validity issues. In regard to the 1st issue, the 18 available samples (N = 854) showed a combined effect size of 1.06 in the expected direction for the secure vs. insecure split. For a portion of the studies, the percentage of correspondence between parents' mental representation of attachment and infants' attachment security could be computed (the resulting percentage was 75%; kappa = .49, n = 661). Concerning the 2nd issue, the 10 samples (N = 389) that were retrieved showed a combined effect size of . 72 in the expected direction. According to conventional criteria, the effect sizes are large. It was concluded that although the predictive validity of the AAI is a replicated fact, there is only partial knowledge of how attachment representations are transmitted (the transmission gap).
EFFECT OF DORSOMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS NEUROPEPTIDE Y KNOCKDOWN ON HEPATIC INSULIN SENSITIVITY.

Objective In this study we investigated the effect of dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) neuropeptide Y (NPY) knock-down on hepatic insulin sensitivity in high-fat (HF) diet-fed rats. Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive bilateral DMH injections of adeno-associated virus AAVshNPY or AAVshCTL and then accessed to regular chow. Five weeks after viral injection, half rats in each group were given access to the HF diet. At 16 weeks, rat livers were collected. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Blood glucose levels were measured by the oxidase method, serum insulin, triglyceride, and TC levels were measured by Elisa. Pathological changes in the liver were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. AKT, p-AKT, and GSK-3 levels were measured by western blotting. Results Compared with AAVshCTL-injected rats, AAVshNPY-injected rats showed a significant decrease in blood glucose concentrations; serum insulin, triglyceride, and TC; HOMA-IR; and IRS-1 and PI3K mRNA levels (P<0.05). ISI, GSK-3, and p-AKT levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). HE staining showed that AAVshNPY-injected rats fed the HF diet had mild fatty degeneration. Conclusion These results suggest that DMH NPY knock-down improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in HF diet-fed rats by activating the hepatic PI3K/AKT insulin signalling pathway.
Patient Eligibility for Transoral Endocrine Surgery Procedures in the United States

Key Points Question What proportion of patients who present for thyroid or parathyroid surgery are eligible for a scarless transoral operation based on currently accepted exclusion criteria? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 1000 surgical patients across 3 US academic medical centers, 558 patients (55.8%) who underwent thyroid or parathyroid surgery would have been eligible for a scarless transoral approach. Meaning Transoral endocrine surgical procedures are more broadly applicable to patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery than previously thought, and definitive studies on the safety, efficacy, and cost of the transoral approach are warranted.
Physiological regulation of epithelial junctions in intestinal epithelia.

This symposium paper is a digest of three full-length manuscripts currently in press with J Membrane Biology (see reference list). The three papers provide evidence that sugars, amino-acids and small peptides are transported through intestinal epithelium primarily by solvent drag through paracellular channels. Active transport of sugars and amino acids plays a necessary but nevertheless secondary role in the mass transport from intestinal lumen to blood at physiological concentrations. Na-coupled solute transport serves two principal functions - a) it inserts relatively small amounts of solutes at high concentration into the intercellular spaces below the occluding junctions thereby providing the force for osmotic flow and solvent drag; b) it triggers contraction of the perijunctional actomyosin ring, thereby widening the occluding junctions and providing optimal conditions for transport of luminal nutrients in bulk by solvent drag. Active transport of glucose reaches its maximum capacity (V max) at luminal concentrations of 10-15 mM whereas transport by solvent drag increases in proportion to luminal concentration; at concentrations normally present in the duodenum and upper jejunum after a meal (50-300 mM) transport through paracellular spaces by solvent drag accounts for 60-90% of total glucose absorbed into blood. Similar considerations apply to other hydrophilic nutrients including amino acids, small saccharides and peptides. As nutrients are removed from the upper intestine by the above mechanisms, their concentrations decrease and the "traditional" role of active transport becomes a greater fraction of total absorption. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dosimetric issues with simplified homogeneous body models in low frequency magnetic field exposure assessment

A simplified procedure, using circular disk models with homogeneous electric conductivity as representations for different body parts, has been proposed recently by product standard IEC 62822-3 for the assessment of magnetic field exposure in proximity to current-carrying conductors of welding equipment. Based on such simplified models, worst case coupling coefficients CCEi(I), i.e. maximum induced electric field strength, normalised for current and frequency, for body parts at different distances d to straight single and double wire arrangements, as well as rectangular loop-shaped current paths are tabulated in the standard. In this work we compared CCEi(I) values obtained by numerical computations with detailed anatomical models of the hand/forearm with the corresponding values given in IEC 62822-3 for current-carrying single wire conductors along the forearm at distances d = 30, 50 and 100 mm, respectively. Our results clearly indicated that the CCEi(I) given in the standard may substantially underestimate the actual exposure. Using average values for tissue conductivities the observed extent of underestimation was up to 8.9 dB (factor 2.79) and may be even higher for worst case combinations of tissue conductivities. The reasons for this substantial underestimation are the oversimplified geometry, i.e. the circular disk does not reflect anatomical constrictions of the induction area present in realistic hand/forearm geometries, as well as the missing conductivity contrast between different tissues in the homogeneous disk models. Results of exposure assessment and corresponding minimum distances to components of welding equipment obtained by the simplified disk model approach suggested by IEC 62822-3 should therefore be considered with caution.
KPC1 alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocyte cells though BAX degradation

Bax triggers cell apoptosis by permeabilizing the outer mitochondrial membrane, leading to membrane potential loss and cytochrome c release. However, it is unclear if proteasomal degradation of Bax is involved in the apoptotic process, especially in heart ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R)‐induced injury. In the present study, KPC1 expression was heightened in left ventricular cardiomyocytes of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), in I/R‐myocardium in vivo and in hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cardiomyocytes in vitro. Overexpression of KPC1 reduced infarction size and cell apoptosis in I/R rat hearts. Similarly, the forced expression of KPC1 restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release driven by H/R in H9c2 cells, whereas reducing cell apoptosis, and knockdown of KPC1 by short‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) deteriorated cell apoptosis induced by H/R. Mechanistically, forced expression of KPC1 promoted Bax protein degradation, which was abolished by proteasome inhibitor MG132, suggesting that KPC1 promoted proteasomal degradation of Bax. Furthermore, KPC1 prevented basal and apoptotic stress‐induced Bax translocation to mitochondria. Bax can be a novel target for the antiapoptotic effects of KPC1 on I/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and render mechanistic penetration into at least a subset of the mitochondrial effects of KPC1.
A reversely responsive variant of a thyrotropic tumor with gonadotropic activity.

Summary An autonomous thyrotropic pituitary tumor (Strain 82) was induced in a female mouse by head-neck irradiation with 550 r. In the course of the third successive passage in intact mice, the tumor cells not only lost the property of being inhibited by TH but actually became markedly stimulated by it. This reversal of the growth pattern was accompanied by loss of thyrotropic property while the gonadotropic potency of the original tumor cell was maintained. This gonadotropic effect is evident in athyroid hosts, but is rarely seen in intact hosts.
Determination of Serum Infliximab Concentration by Point-of-Care Devices in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

OBJECTIVES Therapeutic drug monitoring is becoming increasingly important in clinical decision making in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, ELISA assays do not allow results to be provided in real-time. We sought to compare two point-of-care (POC) devices for quantification of serum infliximab concentration with two validated ELISA assays in children with IBD. METHODS We studied 32 serum samples from 19 children with IBD treated with infliximab. Serum samples were collected immediately before drug infusion (trough level). Infliximab was measured using two POC infliximab assays, Quantum Blue (POC IFX/QB) and Rida Quick (POC IFX/RQ), and two ELISA assays: Lisa-Tracker (used as primary reference), and Promonitor (used as second control). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was assessed for quantitative comparison. Qualitative analysis was also performed to evaluate whether POC assays would correctly classify infliximab serum according to a target window (between 3 μg/ml and 7 μg/ml). RESULTS ICC was 0.82 and 0.87 for POC IFX/QB and POC IFX/RQ with the primary reference ELISA assay, respectively; ICC between the two ELISA assays was 0.87. Classification of results according to therapeutic intervals showed good agreement between pairs of assays, with kappa of 0.67 and 0.80 for POC IFX/QB and POC IFX/RQ, respectively, with reference ELISA, and 0.81 between the two ELISAs. Accuracy of POC assays was better for drug levels <3 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS POC infliximab assays showed good agreement with traditional ELISA assays. POC devices may represent a viable option for real-time therapeutic drug monitoring in children treated with infliximab.
What methods have been used to estimate salt intake? A systematic review

Abstract The relationship between salt intake and cardiovascular diseases is a contemporary scientific controversy, which has been attributed to the limits of the measures of salt intake used in the studies. Thus, this article sought to systematically review the literature on the methods used to estimate salt intake in different study designs. Of the 124 articles, 60.5% used only biochemical measures, 26.6% only self-report measures and 12.9% reported the combined use of both methods. The 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was the predominant biochemical method (79.1%) and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was the predominant self-report measure (36.4%). Interventional studies used mostly 24-hour urinary sodium excretion; while longitudinal studies used self-report measures. The question guiding the study and its design, as well as constraints related to costs, sample size and feasibility seems to influence the choice of the type of measurement.
Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of esophageal carcinoma 2018 (English version)

1. Overview 2. Diagnosis and treatment process for esophageal cancer 3. Principles of diagnosis and treatment 3.1 Clinical diagnosis 3.1. 1 Risk factors and high-risk group 3.1. 2 Clinical manifestations 3.2 Examinations 3.2. 1 Lab tests 3.2. 2 Tumor marker 3.2. 3 Images 3.2. 4 Endoscopy 3.2. 5 Other tests 3.3 Diagnosis 3.3.1 Clinical diagnosis 3.3.2 Pathological diagnosis 3.4 Differential diagnosis 3.4.1 Other malignancies of esophagus 3.4.2 Benign tumors or tumor-like lesions of esophagus 3.4.3 Benign esophageal diseases 3.5 Pathological classification and staging 3.5. 1 Segment of esophagus 3.5. 2 Macroscopic type of esophageal carcinoma (Appendix A) 3.5. 3 Pathological subtype and classification 3.5. 4 Types of specimen and principle of specimen fixation 3.5. 5 Principle of tissue dissection and description 3.5. 6 Content and principle of pathological report 4. Standard treatment of esophageal carcinoma 4.1 Principle of treatment 4.2 Surgery 4.2. 1 Principle of surgery 4.2. 2 Indication of surgery 4.2. 3 Contraindication of surgery 4.2. 4 Follow-up 4.3 Radiotherapy 4.3.1 Indications for radiotherapy 4.3.2 Assessment of radiotherapy 4.3.3 Principle of radiotherapy 4.3.4 Dose 4.3.5 Normal tissue tolerance dose-limits 4.3. 6 Concurrent chemotherapy regimens and dosing 4.3. 7 Radiotherapy associated complications 4.3. 8 Follow-up after radiotherapy 4.4 Medical management 4.4.1 Indications of chemotherapy for esophageal cancer 4.4.2 Assessment before chemotherapy 4.4.3 Regimens and dosing 4.4.4 Assessment of therapeutic effect 4.4.5 Prophylaxis and treatment of chemotherapy associated complications 4.4.6 Follow-up after chemotherapy 4.4.7 Progress in molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy 4.4. 8 Supportive and palliative treatment 4.5 Principle of early-stage cancer/precancerous disease of esophagus and endoscopic treatment 4.5. 1 High-risk group of esophageal cancer 4.5. 2 Methods of screening 4.5. 3 Preoperative assessment of endoscopic treatment on early stage esophageal cancer 4.5. 4 Endoscopic therapy for early-stage esophageal carcinoma 4.5. 5 Follow-up for high-risk group and patients underwent endoscopic therapy 4.6 Treatment model for esophageal cancer 4.6. 1 Stage I (T1N0M0) 4.6. 2 Stage Ib, stage II and part of stage IIIa (T1b−3N0M0, T1−2N1M0) 4.6. 3 Stage III (T3N1M0, T4N0−1M0) 4.6. 4 Stage IV (any T, any N, M1, N3 or T4b) 4.7 Traditional Chinese Medicine Guidelines
Novel targeted strategies to overcome resistance in small-cell lung cancer: focus on PARP inhibitors and rovalpituzumab tesirine

ABSTRACT Introduction: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumour, and its outcome is strongly conditioned by the rapid onset of resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics. First-line treatment with a combination of platinum agents and topoisomerase inhibitors has been the standard of care for over 30 years, with disappointing clinical outcome caused by early-acquired chemoresistance. In this disheartening scenario, novel treatment strategies are being implemented in order to either revert or bypass resistance mechanisms. Areas covered: The general mechanism of action of the standard frontline treatment regimens for SCLC, as well as the known resistance mechanisms to these drugs, is reviewed. Moreover, we focus on the current preclinical and clinical evidence on the potential role of PARP inhibitors and rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T) to tackle chemoresistance in SCLC. Expert opinion: Preliminary evidence supports PARP inhibitors and Rova-T as two promising approaches to either revert or bypass chemoresistance in SCLC, respectively. The identification of potential predictive biomarkers of response to these innovative treatments (SLFN11 and DLL3) has shortened the gap between SCLC and personalized targeted therapy. Further large-scale clinical studies are urgently needed for a better designation of PARP inhibitors and Rova-T in the therapeutic algorithm of SCLC patients.
Colorectal cancer survival: results from a hospital-based cancer registry.

INTRODUCTION colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries. Data on specific and 10-year survival are scarce. This study analyzes overall and disease-specific survival for patients with colorectal cancer and assesses the value of clinical factors on disease-specific survival. METHODS a retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed invasive colorectal cancer cases diagnosed from 1992 to 2007 were identified through the Hospital del Mar Cancer Registry. Five-and 10-year survival functions were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess prognostic factors. RESULTS a total of 2,080 patients with colorectal cancer were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 72 years and 58.5%were men. By the end of the follow-up period (December 2008), 1,225 patients had died and 68.4% of deaths were due to colorectal cancer. The 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival rates were 55.5% (95%CI 53.9-57.9%) and 48.5% (95%CI 45.6-51.3%), respectively. The 5-year specific survival rate improved in the last period (2003-2007) (60.4%, 95%CI 55.4-65.0) compared with 1992-1997(53.4%; 95%CI 49.2-57.4) and 1998-2002 (52.0%; 95%CI 47.8-56.2). Various factors were independently associated with excess CRC mortality: male sex (HR 1.21), age at diagnosis > 75 years(HR 1.97), rectal location (HR 1.33), more advanced stages (stage IV: HR 18.54), poorly differentiated/undifferentiated tumors (HR 1.80), and admission through the emergency department (HR 1.52). CONCLUSIONS cancer-specific survival improved from 1992 to 2007. This improvement could be due to more effective treatment, since changes in stage distribution or age at diagnosis were not observed during the study period. Overall survival rates should notably improve with the implementation of a population-based colorectal cancer screening program in Spain.
Implications of caveolae in testicular and epididymal myoid cells to sperm motility

Seminiferous tubules of the testis and epididymal tubules in adult rodents are enveloped by contractile myoid cells, which move sperm and fluids along the male reproductive tract. Myoid cells in the testis influence Sertoli cells by paracrine signaling, but their role in the epididymis is unknown. Electron microscopy revealed that elongated myoid cells formed several concentric layers arranged in a loose configuration. The edges of some myoid cells in a given layer closely approximated one another, and extended small foot‐like processes to cells of overlying layers. Gap junction proteins, connexins 32 and 43, were detected within the myoid cell layers by immunohistochemistry. These myoid cells also had caveolae that contained caveolin‐1 and cavin‐1 (also known as PTRF). The number of caveolae per unit area of plasma membrane was significantly reduced in caveolin‐1‐deficient mice (Cav1−/−). Morphometric analyses of Cav1‐null testes revealed an enlargement in whole‐tubule and epithelial profile areas, whereas these parameters were slightly reduced in the epididymis. Although sperm are non‐motile as they pass through the proximal epididymis, statistical analyses of cauda epididymidis sperm concentrations revealed no significant differences between wild‐type and Cav1−/− mice. Motility analyses, however, indicated that sperm velocity parameters were reduced while beat cross frequency was higher in gametes of Cav1−/− mice. Thus while caveolae and their associated proteins are not necessary for myoid cell contractility, they appear to be crucial for signaling with the epididymal epithelium to regulate the proper acquisition of sperm motility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 526–540, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No Added Value of 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT for the Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer with Normal Bone Scintigraphy

The aim of this study was to determine if additional 18F-sodium fluoride PET/CT (NaF PET/CT) improves the prognostic accuracy in the initial staging of prostate cancer patients with normal bone scintigraphy undergoing prostatectomy. Methods: A prospective cohort study examined NaF PET/CT in intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer with negative bone scintigraphy who were scheduled for prostatectomy. Biochemical response: PSA levels < 0.2 ng/mL at 6 wk and 6 mo postoperatively, PSA level ≥ 0.2 ng/mL was biochemical failure. Results: Eighty-one patients were included in the study; 75 patients (93%) achieved biochemical responses, 6 patients had biochemical failure. NaF PET/CT indicated bone metastasis in 1 patient (1.2%), was equivocal in 7 patients (8.6%), without bone metastases in 73 patients (90.1%). Eight patients with bone metastases or equivocal results on NaF PET/CT exhibited biochemical responses. All patients with biochemical failure had negative NaF PET/CT and bone scintigraphy for bone metastases. Conclusion: NaF PET/CT has no added value for bone staging in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients with normal bone scintigraphy results undergoing prostatectomy.
Identification of Y‐chromosome scaffolds of the Queensland fruit fly reveals a duplicated gyf gene paralogue common to many Bactrocera pest species

Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly) are polyphagous horticultural pests of eastern Australia. Heterogametic males contain a sex‐determining Y‐chromosome thought to be gene poor and repetitive. Here, we report 39 Y‐chromosome scaffolds (~700 kb) from B. tryoni identified using genotype‐by‐sequencing data and whole‐genome resequencing. Male diagnostic PCR assays validated eight Y‐scaffolds, and one (Btry4096) contained a novel gene with five exons that encode a predicted 575 amino acid protein. The Y‐gene, referred to as typo‐gyf, is a truncated Y‐chromosome paralogue of X‐chromosome gene gyf (1773 aa). The Y‐chromosome contained ~41 copies of typo‐gyf, and expression occurred in male flies and embryos. Analysis of 13 tephritid transcriptomes confirmed typo‐gyf expression in six additional Bactrocera species, including Bactrocera latifrons, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata. Molecular dating estimated typo‐gyf evolved within the past 8.02 million years (95% highest posterior density 10.56–5.52 million years), after the split with Bactrocera oleae. Phylogenetic analysis also highlighted complex evolutionary histories among several Bactrocera species, as discordant nuclear (116 genes) and mitochondrial (13 genes) topologies were observed. B. tryoni Y‐sequences may provide useful sites for future transgene insertions, and typo‐gyf could act as a Y‐chromosome diagnostic marker for many Bactrocera species, although its function is unknown.
ATP: Is it time to compartmentalize?

Connections link a sequence of three related research papers. The central article which links the other two papers has been published in Experimental Physiology. In a Connections article, an author (or authors) of the central article outlines its principal novel findings, tracing how they were influenced by the first article and how the central article has contributed to the developments made in the third article. The author(s) may also speculate on the direction of future research in the field. Connections articles aim to set the research in a wide context.