Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent Semantic Indexing as a Measure of Conceptual Association for the Unsupervised Resolution of Attachment Ambiguities

Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is a technique related to the vector space (Salton, Wong, and Yang, 1975) approach to Information Retrieval (IR). Large text corpora are used to derive representations of word meaning. By representing a word as a vector of the contexts in which it occurs, a measure of the semantic similarity between words can be computed as the geometrical distance between vectors in a high dimensional space. The objective of the thesis was to show that LSI could be successfully applied to three areas of Natural Language Processing (NLP) which are known not to be amenable to traditional algorithmic approaches: compound noun disambiguation, prepositional phrase attachment and coordination ambiguity resolution. Experiments were conducted for each of these three tasks. Our training and test materials were drawn from four IR test collections: SIFT, CISI, CRAN, and TIME. To assess performance, reference collections were manually prepared from each of these document collections by two judges. In the first experiment, LSI was used to disambiguate three-noun compounds such as font dialog box. LSI outperformed a probability method based on bigram statistics, achieving an overall disambiguation accuracy of 87.7%; the overall score for the probability method was 86.6%. The second experiment examined prepositional phrase attachment ambiguities. Given a phrase such as provide users with tree-structured files, the task is to decide whether with tree-structured files attaches to provide or users. Five-way cross-validation was used to compare LSI with Ratnaparkhi’s (1998b) statistical method. LSI was found to be superior at this task, achieving an overall accuracy of 87.7% compared to 85.4% for Ratnaparkhi’s method. The third experiment investigated the resolution of coordination ambiguities such as candy and pastry shops. Once again we compared disambiguation approaches based on LSI and statistics, and once again LSI proved superior; disambiguation accuracies for the LSI and statistical methods were 90.0% and 87.6%, respectively. Further examination of these results revealed that the LSI and statistical probability methods were complementary to a certain extent; a combination of the two produced results superior to either method in isolation. It was concluded that the best performance was obtained by using LSI only in situations where sparse data rendered probabilities unreliable. The overall conclusions to be derived from this work are as follows: • LSI is a very effective way of measuring conceptual association for the interpretation of highly ambiguous structures which does not depend on manually constructed knowledge resources such as dictionaries or thesauruses. • LSI can out-perform rival statistical methods on difficult NLP tasks. • When LSI and statistical approaches are combined, overall accuracies are greater than those achieved using either method alone. LSI therefore appears to have great potential as a tool for resolving difficult natural language parsing ambiguities.
Compact antenna structures for mobile handsets

In this paper, novel compact antenna structures for mobile handsets are studied. The antennas are based on non-resonant coupling elements, which are used to optimally couple to the characteristic wavemodes of the chassis. The resonances for the antenna structures are created with matching circuits. Two different antenna models are designed based on the novel antenna structure. From each model, single-band prototypes for the E-GSM900 and GSM1800 systems are constructed. The volume of the smaller antenna model is only 1.3 cm/sup 3/. Both models meet the bandwidth and SAR requirements of the E-GSM900 and GSM1800 systems. Efficiencies are high and the radiation patterns are suitable for use in mobile handsets. The measurement results of the constructed prototypes suggest that the compact antenna structure studied in this paper has great potential for use in mobile handsets.
Applying "Theory Of Reasoned Action" To Explain Inter-Firm Cooperation: Empirical Evidence From Vietnamese Enterprises

Inter-firm cooperation has received attention in recent years due to its benefit. However, little has been studied about the role of behavior intention and process by which affects cooperation behavior. From studying influencing factors which come from environmental and organizational sets, the paper will draw clear picture about the determinants of inter-firm cooperation. Based on research survey from Vietnamese enterprises, the results have confirmed the mediator role of cooperation intention which is the heart of theory of reasoned action (TRA) in making inter-firm cooperation. The results also revealed the effect of partners trust and government direction on this type of relationship. The interesting finding has stemmed from the role of relationship benefit and social influences on inter-firm behavior. The former and the later have impacted on inter-firm behavior in different ways.
Estudo da correlacao entre o peso dos neonatos, envoltorios e líquidos fetais com o peso total de cadelas gestantes submetidas a cesariana

The fetal fluids volume and their relation with mother and fetal membranes weights are largely known in human, but in veterinary patients, mainly in bitches, it is a topic still not well discussed. In this study, 14 pregnant mixed-breed bitches with varying ages, either primiparous or multiparous, underwent a caesarean on Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology – School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science – Unesp/Botucatu, Brazil. They had their weight noted before and after the surgery, as had their neonates and fetal membranes. The fetal fluids had their weight estimated subtracting neonates and fetal membranes weights to the difference in the bitches weight before and after the surgery. It was used the Pearson’s linear correlation test to evaluate the existence of correlation between the studied parameters. The results showed that there is a direct relation between neonates weight with fetal membranes, fetal fluids and pregnant bitches weights.
Homes of Choice: Towards More Effective Linkages Between Housing and Services

State policymakers increasingly recognize that housing is not only an important shelter resource for older persons, but also a key element of community-based care. Over the last two decades, significant state and local activity has led to an increase in service-enriched housing for older persons. Service-enriched housing refers to living arrangements that include health and/or social services in an accessible, supportive environment. Emerging forces are leading to increased pressure for the expansion of service-enriched housing. These forces include: a growing and diverse population of older renters; older adults' preferences to age in place; the increasing frailty of subsidized housing residents; the development of assisted living (AL); the enactment of Medicaid waivers; and implementation of the Olmstead decision. Although studies have not included cost-analysis, available research demonstrates that service-enriched housing promotes resident satisfaction, successfully provides services to frail.
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks

A new neural network for convex quadratic optimization is presented in this brief. The proposed network can handle both equality and inequality constraints, as well as bound constraints on the optimization variables. It is based on the Lagrangian approach, but exploits a partial dual method in order to keep the number of variables at minimum. The dynamic evolution is globally convergent and the steady-state solutions satisfy the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality. The circuit implementation is simpler with respect to existing solutions for the same class of problems. The validity of the proposed approach is verified through some simulation examples.
“Where Are You?” The Communicative Functions of Saudi Students’ Text Messaging

The widespread use of the mobile phone service has greatly contributed to the proliferation of text messaging, particularly among young people. The main objective of this study is to examine the communicative functions of the text messaging of young Saudi university students. Thurlow’s (2003) theoretical framework is used in this study. The study has a straightforward research question: What are the communicative functions of young Saudi students’ text messaging? 750 text messages were collected from the participants. The data collected were coded based on their communicative functions. Five main categories of communicative functions emerged from the data, namely friendship maintenance, socialization, school collaboration, coordination, and exchange of information. The findings of the present study corroborate previous findings about communicative functions in text messaging.
Joint Source and Channel Coding Applied to the Pyramid Vector Quantizer

We consider the problem of transmitting images over noisy channels. Source coding is done by a the fixed rate scheme (DCT and Product Pyramid VQ with (L-K)-thresholding) [l], that allows us to calculate very precisely the expected mean square error caused by data compression. This together with the a-priori knowledge of the bit-sensitivity of the compressed image data enables us to pertorm a highly efficient equal or unequal error protection for image transmission over noisy channels. Given the overall rate R = Rs + Rc, where Rs and Rc denotes the source rate and the channel rate respectively in bits per pixel, and the channel SNR E,/No, one can calculate the optimal ratio of source to channel rate. First of all this requires the knowledge of mean=E(p(z) ) and variance=var(p(z)) of source vectors x’ for the rate Rs t o calculate the mean square error caused by source coding mses [l]. Furthermore, we need the bit-sensitivity A, of the compressed data. Therefore, it is sufficient to look a t one of the coding units (CU) the whole image is divided into. These bitsensitivities can be derived before images transmission, again with the knowledge of mean and variance of the source vectors X. For the given channel SNR, we can compute the bit error probabilitypb of our channel code, a 64-state RCPCcode [2] and with the average contribution A, of an error of bit i on any compressed CU, we obtain the mean square error caused by channel errors -I
Requirements Uncertainty in Contract Software Development Projects

Only a few studies have analyzed the indirect effect that different levels of requirements uncertainty have on the effects of established flexible development techniques. Whereas much of what we know relates to the development of commercial off-the-shelf software (COTS), in this empirical study, we investigate contract software development projects undertaken for a specific contractor / customer. We analyze how requirements uncertainty moderates the effects of (1) sequential development, (2) investment in architectural design, and (3) intensity of early feedback on the performance of contract software development projects. We confirm that requirements uncertainty negatively moderates the effects of sequential development and of investment in architectural design. For flexible development approaches, the value of investment in architectural design falls with increasing uncertainty. Early feedback throughout the development process is helpful at any level of requirements uncertainty, potentially dependent on the business relationship between the customer and the software project team.
Solid state optical space switches for network cross-connect and protection applications

Network protection and reconfiguration is becoming increasingly important in fiber optic communications systems. This is driven by the intense traffic and high cost of lost high-data-rate optical connections. Optical cross-connects at the nodes in transmission systems are developing rapidly in response. A key optical component required for these applications is an optical space switch. Since the required timescale of network reconfiguration at the optical level is on the order of 50 ms to prevent electrical intervention. The optical space switching speed must be approximately 5 ms or faster. The demand created by these applications has motivated the development of a solid state optical space switch based on a novel planar-waveguide technology. This planar integrated optics technology relies on the thermo-optic effect in specialized optical polymer materials and results in reliable optical space switches without moving parts to wear out. This article reviews the state of the art in solid state optical space switches based on thermo-optic polymers and applications of these switches in network communication systems. The same polymer-based planar waveguide technology used to make the solid state optical space switches of today provides the basis for WDM devices. Electro-optic modulators, and devices integrating several functions (space switching, wavelength multiplexing, light generation and detection) in one component in the years to come.
Distribution of sagittal occlusal relationships in different stages of dentition

The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of sagittal occlusal relationships in different dentition periods in a Turkish sample group. In total, 1,110 patients (561 females, 549 males) aged 4.6-23 years were randomly chosen after intraoral clinical examination. The subjects were classified according to their sagittal occlusal relationships and four dentition stages -deciduous, early mixed, late mixed, and permanent dentition. The statistical significance of the occurrence of malocclusion types in dentition stages was evaluated by Chi-square and Fischer's exact tests. Class I malocclusion was observed at the highest rate in all dentition stages. Class III malocclusion was observed at the highest rate in the permanent dentition, whereas Class II malocclusion was observed at the highest rate in the late mixed dentition. The rates of Class I, II, and III malocclusions were similar in males and females. Our study reveals that the prevalence of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment has increased in the population towards the permanent dentition.
Pathological response to neoadjuvant 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) versus epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-FU (ECF) in patients with locally advanced, resectable gastric/esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer: Data from the phase II part of the FLOT4 phase III study of the AIO.

4016 Background: Pathological response can be a potent surrogate factor for efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Data from our phase II/III study comparing perioperative FLOT with ECF(X) in resectable stages were analyzed for pathological response upon request of the German Cancer Aid in order to further sponsor the trial. Methods: In the FLOT4, 714 patients (pts) are stratified and randomized to either 3+3 perioperative cycles of ECF/ECX (epirubicin 50 mg/m2, d1; cisplatin 60 mg/m², d1; 5-FU 200 mg/m² (or capecitabine 1250 mg/m² p.o) d1-d21, qd21) or 4+4 cycles of perioperative FLOT (docetaxel 50mg/m2, d1; 5-FU 2600 mg/m², d1; leucovorin 200 mg/m², d1; oxaliplatin 85 mg/m², d1, qd14). Central pathology (by AT) is performed according to Becker classification. Results: Samples of 157 pts of the phase-II part of the study were analyzed. Median age was 63 yrs; 79.6% of pts were male. The primaries were gastric in 43.3%, EGJ in 56.1% and not evaluable in 0.6% of pts. In the most relevant categories complete .
Performance bounds for multiple tone interference of frequency-hopped noncoherent MFSK systems

The performance degradation resulting from multitone interference of orthogonal, noncoherent frequency-hopped, M-ary frequency-shift keyed receivers (FH/MFSK) is investigated. The effect of thermal and other wideband noise is not neglected, and the multiple, equal power jamming tones are assumed to correspond to some or all of the possible FH M-ary orthogonal signalling tones. Furthermore the channel is modeled as a Ricean fading channel, and both the information signal and the interference signal are assumed to be affected by channel fading. Both band and independent multitone interference are considered. The performance is evaluated by obtaining a union bound on the probability of bit error, and receiver performance is compared with exact results for band multitone interference of a noncoherent FH/MFSK receiver under comparable circumstances. Except for the case of Rayleigh fading of the signal the union bound is very tight for those cases that can be compared with exact results. The advantages of the union bound approach are twofold. First, the union bound approach yields a solution that is far less computationally intensive than that obtained with the exact approach. Second, the union bound approach allows numerical results to be obtained for interference conditions that are not amenable to exact analysis, such as independent multitone interference of FH/MFSK.
Robust image transmission using JPEG2000 and turbo-codes

This work describes a method for providing robustness to errors from a binary symmetric channel for the JPEG2000 (J2K) image compression standard. It does so while maintaining full J2K compliance. The source rate and channel rate are jointly optimized by using a Viterbi Algorithm (VA) on a stream of fixed-size channel packets, such that the rate allocation complexity grows O(N/sup 2/) with the number of transmitted packets. Punctured turbo codes are used for the channel coding, providing stronger error protection than previously available codes. The rate allocation scheme presented obtains all necessary information from the J2K encoder, and does not require image decompression.
Análisis del polimorfismo del gen APOE en la población de Barranquilla, Colombia

Introduccion. La variabilidad genetica del polimorfismo del gen APOE se considera un importante factor asociado a la predisposicion a las enfermedades que afectan el metabolismo lipidico, a las enfermedades coronarias y a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, entre otras. En este sentido, es util conocer este factor de riesgo en diferentes poblaciones y grupos etnicos. Objetivos. Analizar el polimorfismo del gen APOE y determinar las frecuencias alelicas y genotipicas de una muestra representativa de la poblacion de Barranquilla, Colombia. Materiales y metodos. Se hizo en Barranquilla un estudio descriptivo y comparativo de 227 individuos no relacionados. Resultados. El alelo e3 se presento con mayor frecuencia (85 %), seguido del alelo e4 (13 %) y, con menor frecuencia, el alelo e2 (1,8 %). Los genotipos observados fueron los siguientes: e3/e3 en 71,8 %, e3/e4 en 24,2 %, e2/e3 en 2,2 %, e2/e4 en 1,3 % y e4/e4 en 0,4 %. El genotipo e2/e2 no se encontro en este estudio. La muestra representativa de la poblacion estaba en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Conclusiones. Las frecuencias alelicas e3 y el genotipo e3/e3 encontrados en la poblacion estudiada, fueron similares a lo informado por la literatura cientifica en paises como Brasil, Mexico y Colombia, y en algunos grupos etnicos amerindios colombianos. No se encontro el genotipo e2/e2, resultado que coincide con otras poblaciones estudiadas a nivel mundial. La frecuencia del alelo e4 y sus genotipos asociados en esta poblacion, podria estar relacionada con la presencia de enfermedades como la hipercolesterolemia, el infarto de miocardio y la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
EXPECTED ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE LEARNING: PERCEPTIONS FROM COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO HAVE NOT TAKEN ONLINE COURSES

Online courses and programs are continuing to grow in post-secondary education, and many information systems professors are becoming involved in planning and implementing online offerings. While designing online courses, student input is of great value. The purpose of this study was to document college students’ expectations of the advantages and disadvantages of taking courses online. A further analysis identified any differences in perceptions between genders. A total of 420 college students in information systems courses completed an online survey reporting their perceptions of what they expected would be the advantages and disadvantages of taking online courses. These students had no previous experience with taking online courses. Results of the study provide insight to information systems educators as they become involved in designing courses in the online environment. Areas of further research for information systems educators are suggested.
Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution: A Case of L2 Learners

A self-paced reading technique examined the processing strategies adult Persian L2 learners of English adopt when tackling sentences containing temporary noun phrase/sentential complement ambiguity. In this study, verb type (NP-biased vs. S-biased) and complement type (NP-complement vs. Scomplement vs. that-clause complement) were manipulated, i.e. barring thatclause complement, the noun phrase following these verbs was ambiguous between the object of the preceding verb and the subject of the following sentence complement. The purpose was to see whether L2 learners used verbbased information as proposed by constraint-based model or only certain principles of computational economy such as minimal attachment favored by garden-path model in their processing of such sentences. The results indicated that sentences in which the NP followed either of the verb types were read measurably faster than those in which S-complement or that-clause followed these verbs, thus providing evidence that largely confirmed the claims of the garden-path model.
Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia Does Not Reduce Thrombin-Induced Brain Injury

Secondary neurodegeneration occurs hours to days after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Thrombin, a protease important in clotting, is one of the causes of this injury. Presently, we evaluated whether hypothermia mitigates thrombin-induced cerebral edema, cell death, and behavioral impairment. Rats were given a striatal infusion of thrombin, which models thrombin-mediated injury occurring after ICH, followed an hour later by whole-body cooling (33 C), local brain hypothermia (*33 C), or normothermia. Thrombin caused significant edema at 24 hours (*5% increase in water) that was not mitigated by whole-body or brain-selective cooling. Other rats were infused with thrombin and systemically cooled for 72 hours. At a 14-day survival they had similar walking impairments and brain tissue loss (*45 mm) as normothermic rats. However, cooled animals had significantly more degenerating neurons in the peri-lesion zone ( p = 0.035), which were rare in normothermic rats. Thus, it appears that some cell death was increased or delayed by hypothermia. In summary, we did not find that hypothermia reduced thrombin-induced neurotoxicity. This suggests that cooling does not effectively target thrombin-mediated secondary degeneration after ICH, which may partly explain why cooling is often not robustly neuroprotective in rodent ICH studies. These findings also indicate that therapeutic hypothermia could be improved by the addition of drugs to minimize thrombin toxicity.