Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translations, Transcreations and Transrepresentations of India in the Italian Media

This paper explores the dynamics of cultural representation through the media, making special reference to the translation of cultural traits that occur in the cinema and television. By taking into account several films and television commercials which were broadcast in Italy over a five-year span, featuring variously complex and stratified translations of India, an attempt is made to define and explore the different guises which translation can take when the object of transfer is not merely language and its purpose is not merely communication. The transformations which have been identified in the use and transfer of Indian cultural traits through the Italian media are here discussed in terms of translation, transcreation and transrepresentation.
Azithromycin and lower respiratory tract infections

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been structurally modified from erythromycin with an expanded spectrum of activity and improved tissue pharmacokinetic characteristics relative to erythromycin. This allows once-daily administration for 3 – 5 days of treatment compared with traditional multi dosing 7 – 10-day treatment regimens. It has been successfully employed in lower respiratory tract infections. Recent data indicate that azithromycin may exert anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects that may be of use in the treatment of both acute and chronic airway diseases. This review examines the role of azithromycin in lower respiratory tract infections analysing published data on exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia and cystic fibrosis both in adults and children. In addition, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug are also considered.
Combination antiretroviral therapy modulates the blood oxygen level—dependent amplitude in human immunodeficiency virus—seropositive patients

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) limits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in the central nervous system (CNS) and prevents progressive neurological dysfunction. We examined if the degree of CNS penetration by cART, as estimated by the CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) score, affects brain activity as measured by the amplitude of the blood oxygen level—dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) response. HIV+ patients on low-CPE cART (n =12) had a significantly greater BOLD fMRI response amplitude than HIV+ patients on high-CPE cART (n = 12) or seronegative controls (n =10). An increase in the BOLD fMRI response in HIV patients on low-CPE cART may reflect continued HIV replication in the CNS leading to increased oxidative stress and associated metabolic demands.
Extracurricular research experience of medical students and their scientific output after graduation

graduation compared with peers without such experience. The subjects of this study were graduates (n ¼ 318) who were admitted for medical training in 1982 and 1983. Data concerning extracurricular research and articles published before graduation were collected by structured interviews in 1997 (n ¼ 274). Data concerning scientific output after graduation were gathered by a literature search in MEDLINE in 2002. The articles were traced by searching on author name and other clues such as publication year, co-authors and subject. Students who gained extracurricular research experience publish more articles after graduation (average ¼ 4 articles) than students without such experience (average ¼ 1 article). Of students who gained extracurricular research experience (n ¼ 103) approximately 50% (n ¼ 51) also published an article before graduation. The latter published an average of six articles after graduation compared to an average of two articles published after graduation by students who did not publish before graduation.
Role of Land Access in Youth Migration and Youth Employment Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Rural Nigeria

The paper examines the role of land access in youth migration and employment decisions using a two wave panel data set from the Living Standards Measurement StudyâIntegrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) from Nigeria. Overall, the findings show that the size of expected land inheritance is significantly and negatively associated with long distance migration and migration to urban areas, while a similar impact is negligible when a broader definition of migration is adopted and when migration is deemed as temporary. A more disaggregated analysis by considering individual characteristics of the youth shows that results are more elastic for older youth and those that are less educated, while we find no difference when comparisons are made by gender. Similar analysis on the influence of land access on youth employment choices shows strong evidence that the larger the size of the expected land inheritance the lower the likelihood of the youth being involved in non-agricultural activities and a higher chance of staying in agriculture or the dual sector. The results further reveal that youth in areas with a high level of agricultural commercialization and modernization seem to be more responsive to land access considerations in making migration and employment decisions than are youth residing in less commercialized areas. Finally, the results from the differential analysis suggest that rural-to-urban migration and the likelihood of youth involvement in the dual economy is more responsive to the size of the expected land inheritance for less educated youth as compared to more educated ones.
Asymmetric impact of shocks on Islamic stock indices: a cross country analysis

PurposeSeveral studies focus on asymmetric impact of shocks on conventional stocks. However, only few studies explore Islamic stocks, but none has examined the asymmetric impact of shocks on Islamic stocks. This study aims to fill the gap by investigating the asymmetric impact of shocks on Islamic stocks. Specifically, it identifies the effect of good and bad news on Islamic stock market. The study also aims to examine the returns and volatility spillover effects across different Islamic markets.Design/methodology/approachTo carry out the empirical analysis, the authors have applied the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model on daily Islamic stock indices of 18 countries. The study covers the period from July 2009 to July 2016. The authors have started their empirical analysis by examining the time series properties and testing the presence of ARCH effects. Further, the authors have applied several post-estimation tests to ensure the robustness of the results.FindingsThe results indicate that there is significant leverage effect in Islamic stocks traded in the sampled countries. That is, negative shocks or bad news have stronger effects on Islamic stock returns’ volatility as compared to positive shocks or good news. The authors also found that there are significant mean spillover effects for the examined countries. This finding implies that increased Islamic stock returns in country have significant and positive effects in Islamic stocks’ returns in another other. Similarly, the results regarding the volatility spillover effects suggest that there are significant volatility spillover effects across all examined countries. However, the authors found both positive and negative volatility spillover effects. It should also be noted that in some cases, the authors did not find any significant volatility spillover effect.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have several important policy implications for both investors and policymakers. As the findings suggest that Islamic stock indices are integrated across countries both in terms of returns (mean) and risk (volatility), they are useful for investors to design well-diversified portfolios. The significant volatility spillovers suggest policymakers to design such policy that may help in reducing the adverse effects of increased volatility of Islamic stock of other/foreign countries on the Islamic stocks of the home countries. The significant evidence of the presence of leverage (asymmetric) effects suggest investors to use effective and active hedging instruments to hedge risk, particularly, in bad times.Originality/valueUnlike other studies on Islamic stocks, this study takes into account the asymmetric effects of positive and negative shocks. Further, the study examines the mean and variance spillover effects for a large panel of countries having Islamic stocks. Finally, several pre- and post-estimation tests are applied to ensure the robustness of the results.
The Significance of DNA Ploidy in the Malignant Potential of Colorectal Adenocarcinomas

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between flow cytometric DNA ploidy and the potential for invasiveness and lymph node metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 colorectal carcinoma cases that were examined with flow cytometry and light microscopy. DNA ploidy in 4 different areas (deep tumor tissue, superficial tumor tissue, normal adjacent mucosa, and lymph node metastasis) was analyzed with flow cytometry and compared with invasiveness and lymph node metastasis Results: Statistically significant differences in DNA content were observed between the deep and superficial layers of tumor tissues. The rate of aneuploidy was similar in the deep region of the tumors and lymph node metastases. Conclusions: The results suggest that the level of aneuploidy observed in the deep invasive region of tumors was associated with lymph node metastases.
Mild acidosis delays neutrophil apoptosis via multiple signaling pathways and acts in concert with inflammatory mediators

Accumulating evidence indicates development of local extracellular acidosis in inflamed tissues in response to infection and tissue injury. Activation of infiltrating neutrophils contributes to a transient decrease in pH, which, in turn, triggers innate immunity. In this study, we investigated the impact of extracellular acidosis on neutrophil apoptosis, a critical determinant of the outcome of the inflammatory response and analyzed the underlying signaling pathways. Culture of human isolated neutrophils in mildly acidotic conditions (pH 6.5–7.0) resulted in activation of NF‐κB; intracellular accumulation of cAMP; and phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and p38 MAPK; and preservation of Mcl‐1 expression. Consequently, extracellular acidosis prevented disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and translocation of cytochrome c and apoptosis‐inducing factor from the mitochondria to cytoplasm and nuclei, respectively and inhibited caspase‐3 activity. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK, PI3K, NF‐κB, or PKA partially reversed survival cues by extracellular acidosis and redirected neutrophils to apoptosis. Conversely, dibutyryl cAMP (100–500 μM) delayed apoptosis of neutrophils cultured at pH 7.4. Extracellular acidosis‐generated survival cues were additive to the potent prosurvival signals from bacterial DNA, LPS, modified C‐reactive protein, and serum amyloid A. Acidosis increased CpG DNA uptake by neutrophils and augmented phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, leading to preservation of Mcl‐1 expression. Our results identified extracellular acidosis as a survival signal for neutrophils by suppressing the constitutive apoptotic machinery and suggest that transient decreases in local pH can enhance neutrophil responses to inflammatory stimuli, thereby contributing to amplification or prolongation of the inflammatory response.
Assessing Outsourced Distribution Channels

We respond to recent failed initiatives of the Czech banking market to develop business models for the sale of retail deposit products, based on third-party distribution channels. We argue that the issue is the application of inappropriate capital budgeting methods. While static cost-benefit analysis seems to be generally appropriate for conventional banking projects based on branching or internet, they provide grossly misleading estimates of commissioning expenses, which can lead to completely unrealistic project assessments and poorly designed commission schedules. Alternatively, we derive a dynamic model based on statistical simulation (Monte Carlo) and using a real-life case study to illustrate the impacts of particular value drivers on commissioning costs. Our analysis shows that conventional and simulation-based budgeting generates inverse cost functions over time, and the difference becomes operationally tangible in the second and third year of the project, which is commensurate with the apparent timing of the bank’s business strategy revisions. To fulfill the goal of this paper, we demonstrate that statistical simulation is an expedient tool for managerial support and capital budgeting in cases where value drivers are impacted by non-linear dynamic processes.
The Accessory Genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

SUMMARY Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains exhibit significant variability in pathogenicity and ecological flexibility. Such interstrain differences reflect the dynamic nature of the P. aeruginosa genome, which is composed of a relatively invariable “core genome” and a highly variable “accessory genome. ” Here we review the major classes of genetic elements comprising the P. aeruginosa accessory genome and highlight emerging themes in the acquisition and functional importance of these elements. Although the precise phenotypes endowed by the majority of the P. aeruginosa accessory genome have yet to be determined, rapid progress is being made, and a clearer understanding of the role of the P. aeruginosa accessory genome in ecology and infection is emerging.
The Pathogenetic Link Between Stress and Rheumatic Diseases

Hans Selye was the first to define stress as a non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it (1936). It has been demonstrated that Selye's theory about the effects of stress is applicable to any type of stress (Stojanovich & Marisavljevich, 2008). Key organ of stress processes is the brain. It determines what individuals will experience as stressful, it orchestrates how individuals will cope with stressful experiences, and it changes both functionally and structurally as a result of stressful experiences (McEwen & Gianaros, 2011).
Which is the More Predictable Gender? Public Good Contribution and Personality

Personality questionnaires have been used and can be used to predict behavior in economic settings. Using two sets of state-of-the-art measures from personality psychology (the Big Six) and social psychology (Social Value Orientation), we find that the behavior of men is predictable in the first half of a public good contribution experiment, whereas that of women is not. This result agrees with the reinterpretation of Carol Gilligan's (1982) view that women are more sensitive to the context in which decisions are made.
The organization of the visual cortex in the cat.

In a previous paper (Sholl, 1953) the nature of the organization of the dendritic fields of cortical neurons was examined. The present study applies quantitative methods to the examination of the axonal distributions of cortical neurons and to the afferent supply to the visual cortex of the cat. The cortex is an aggregate of neurons infiltrated by afferent axons arising from different parts of the nervous system. This aggregate may be divided into subaggregates or groups wherein membership of a particular subaggregate is determined by the distribution of the processes of the neurons. The organization of the cortex is discussed in terms of certain subaggregates and their relationships to the incoming afferent fibres. Neurons have been classified in accordance with the joint distributions of their axons and dendrites, as revealed in histological preparations made by the Golgi rapid method. These results have been compared with the neuronal density distributions found in Nissl preparations, and both relative and absolute estimates of the densities of the different types of neuron computed. The resulting neuronal organization has been further examined with reference to the afferent supply to the cortex. These results lead only to a understanding of but they supply knowledge about the number of afferent fibres, the number of efferent fibres and the quantitative relationships subsisting between these fibre groups and the cortical neurons; this knowledge is essential for progress in cortical physiology.
Modélisation des courants induits dans les machines électriques par des systèmes d'ordre un demi

La perspective de la production decentralisee necessite de revenir a la modelisation fine des dispositifs electriques constituant le reseau, aux multiples principes de fonctionnement (moteur ou generateur, machines tournantes ou statiques, .etc) et gammes de puissance. En effet, cet accroissement considerable de la taille des reseaux ne peut se faire au detriment de la securite des personnes et de la fiabilite des installations, La machine electrique n'est plus isolee et fait desormais partie integrante du reseau electrique. C'est sur elle que portera principalement notre etude. La presence de nombreux harmoniques sur le reseau incite a disposer de modeles frequentiels plus fins et valables sur une plus grande plage de frequences. En outre, l'etude des reseaux sera facilitee si la matrice d'etat du systeme est de taille raisonnable, autrement dit si le modele comporte le plus petit nombre de parametres possible. L'objectif premier de ce travail presente dans ce memoire est d'ameliorer les modeles classiques des machines, en tenant compte de phenomenes physiques lies a la variation de frequence, comme l'effet de peau. Ceci impose de partir des equations de Maxwell, decrivant tout phenomene d'induction et de remonter au schema equivalent de la machine. Cette amelioration des modeles repose sur l'utilisation d'un outil mathematique recemment applique a d'autres domaines scientifiques : la derivation non entiere.
Breast implants in patients with differentiated and undifferentiated connective tissue disease.

OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of breast implantation and the relationship of the implants to the onset of symptoms in patients with differentiated and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (CTD). METHODS We evaluated an inception cohort of patients with differentiated and undifferentiated CTD and symptoms of < 12 months duration when enrolled in 1983-1987. The risk of having breast implants in those patients with early symptoms of CTD was determined in comparison with that in a non-concurrent control group. RESULTS Only 3 of 323 women in the cohort had historical, physical, or chest radiographic evidence of breast implantation. In 1 of the 3 patients, the symptoms of CTD began before the breast implantation. The odds ratio was calculated at 1.15, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.23 to 3.41. CONCLUSION This study showed an absence of significant risk for prior breast implantation surgery in patients with well-defined or undifferentiated CTD.
Outcomes of bridge employment: a mixed method examination of retirees' expectations and experiences

There is a growing tendency among present day retirees to engage in bridge jobs before their final exit from the labour force; however, few studies examine the bridge employment experience from the perspective of the employees themselves. Although there is ample literature addressing the factors that contribute to the growth of bridge employment, minimal academic attention has been directed towards understanding the needs and expectations of actual bridge employees. This gap in literature needs to be addressed in order to design a workplace suited for the needs and abilities of this matured workforce. I conducted a mixed methods study among bridge employees to fulfill this gap and shed light on how workplaces can be more accommodative to yield the best potential of this employment arrangement. In my first study, an online survey of 195 bridge employees, I found that people who engaged in nonstandard work had better life and work satisfaction. Additionally, bridge employees’ perception of the fulfillment of the psychological contract by their organizations is associated with positive impacts on their satisfaction with life, marital adjustment quality, and key job attitudes. In my second study, I conducted in-depth interviews with 26 bridge employees. I found that there is an association between retirees’ motives for taking on bridge jobs and their expectations from these jobs. More specifically, bridge employees who were highly cognizant of life’s limitations, both in terms quality of life as one ages and of life span in general, ensured bridge jobs complemented their other priorities in life. Their expectations and satisfaction in bridge jobs largely depended on relationships with co-workers and on bridge employees’ perceptions of organizational policy. Bridge employees who did not express the realization that life is limited, seemed to approach bridge jobs as a new phase of their career, and expected organizations to create opportunities for their skills to be utilized. Utilizing the frameworks of psychological contract theory and socioemotional selectivity theory, my study provides important directions for successful recruitment and retention of bridge employees as well as for creating a supportive work environment for them.
Characterization of the Association of Connexins and ZO-1 in the Lens

ZO-1 (Zona Occludens protein 1) has previously been shown to bind Cx43α1. This interaction involves the most C-terminal residues of Cx43α1 and the second PDZ-domain of ZO-1. The biological significance of this interaction is not well understood. The similarity of the C-terminal residues of the lens connexins Cx46α3 and Cx50α8 to Cx43α1 prompted us to examine if ZO-1 is expressed in the lens, and if ZO-1 interacts with lens connexins. A high level of ZO-1 expression was detected in the mouse lens. Lens connexins were shown to co-immunoprecipitate with ZO-1, and the interaction was found to involve similar domains as those previously demonstrated for the Cx43α1/ZO-1 interaction (Nielsen et al. manuscript in preparation). Futhermore, transient expression of Cx46α3 and Cx50α8 in cell culture showed colocalization of gap junction plaques with ZO-1, further suggesting that lens connexins interact with ZO-1. Sequence comparison suggests that a large number of connexins of the alpha subclass may interact with ZO-1. Using the lens as a system to study connexin/ZO-1 interactions may further our understanding of their biological significance in the lens, as well as in other organs.