Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDES OF FEMALE ADOLESCENTS ABOUT DYSMENORRHEA AND MENSTRUAL HYGIENE IN TEHRAN SUBURBS

Background – The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of female students, aged 15 to 18 years, with regard to dysmenorrhea and menstrual hygiene, in suburban districts of Tehran. Methods – The study applied a descriptive, cross-sectional method, in which 250 students were selected at random using a cluster random sampling method. The data were collected by applying a 44-item questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked by Chronbach-Alpha method, which showed a correlation of 90%. Results – Seventy-seven percent of the subjects claimed that they had adequate knowledge of dysmenorrhea. But only 32% of these practiced personal hygiene, such as taking a bath, and used hygienic materials (i.e. sterile pads). About 33% of the subjects, avoided any physical activity or even mild exercise during menstrual period. Over 67% of the girls reported taking palliative medicine for their menstrual pain without consulting a doctor. Fifteen percent of the subjects stated that dysmenorrhea had interfered with their daily life activities and caused them to be absent from school from between 1 to 7 days a month. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in this study was 71%. Conclusions – The main conclusion derived in this study was the necessity of educating female students about personal hygiene associated with their menstrual period and to adopt a healthy behavior, which includes: appropriate nutrition, exercise and physical activity, personal hygiene, and appropriate use of medications based on a physician’s prescription.
How do native speakers of Russian evaluate yes/no questions produced by Finnish L2 learners?

This study analyzes native Russian speakers’ evaluation of seven Russian yes/noquestions each produced by Finnish speakers in two sets of recordings (during a stay in Russia and after it). The Finnish speakers were six female university students of Russian. This research question is interesting because the two typologically unrelated languages differ in the prosody of yes/no-questions. In Russian a yes/no-question is created from a lexically and syntactically corresponding statement by means of intonation, whereas in Finnish the cue for questioning is an interrogative particle ‐ ko/-ko instead of prosody. Hence, native Finnish speakers are likely to have difficulties in pronouncing Russian yes/no-questions. The aim was to find out how native Russian speakers recognise the intended questions produced by Finnish learners. First, the recognition rate of the different yes/no-questions was studied, and then the acceptability rating of questions was computed. The results show that in general students did not perform very well in producing a yes/no-question, but there was great variation depending on the question and learner. According to the successfulness of production two groups of utterances were established: successful and non-successful ones. The statistically significant difference between the two was explained by their syntactical and lexical content. The conclusions made are supportive of earlier findings, where Russian question intonation has been found difficult for Finns to learn.
Variability of the blazar 4C 38.41 (B3 1633+382) from GHz frequencies to GeV energies

Context. After years of modest optical activity, the quasar-type blazar 4C 38.41 (B3 1633+382) experienced a large outburst in 2011, which was detected throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum, renewing interest in this source. Aims. We present the results of low-energy multifrequency monitoring by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium and collaborators, as well as those of spectropolarimetric/spectrophotometric monitoring at the Steward Observatory. We also analyse high-energy observations of the Swift and Fermi satellites. This combined study aims to provide insights into the source broad-band emission and variability properties. Methods. We assemble optical, near-infrared, millimetre, and radio light curves and investigate their features and correlations. In the optical, we also analyse the spectroscopic and polarimetric properties of the source. We then compare the low-energy emission behaviour with that at high energies. Results. In the optical-UV band, several results indicate that there is a contribution from a quasi-stellar-object (QSO) like emission component, in addition to both variable and polarised jet emission. In the optical, the source is redder-when-brighter, at least for R ≳ 16. The optical spectra display broad emission lines, whose flux is constant in time. The observed degree of polarisation increases with flux and is higher in the red than the blue. The spectral energy distribution reveals a bump peaking around the U band. The unpolarised emission component is likely thermal radiation from the accretion disc that dilutes the jet polarisation. We estimate its brightness to be R QSO ∼ 17.85-18 and derive the intrinsic jet polarisation degree. We find no clear correlation between the optical and radio light curves, while the correlation between the optical and γ-ray flux apparently fades in time, likely because of an increasing optical to γ-ray flux ratio. Conclusions. As suggested for other blazars, the long-term variability of 4C 38.41 can be interpreted in terms of an inhomogeneous bent jet, where different emitting regions can change their alignment with respect to the line of sight, leading to variations in the Doppler factor δ. Under the hypothesis that in the period 2008-2011 all the γ-ray and optical variability on a one-week timescale were due to changes in δ, this would range between ∼7 and ∼21. If the variability were caused by changes in the viewing angle θ only, then θ would go from ∼2.6° to ∼5°. Variations in the viewing angle would also account for the dependence of the polarisation degree on the source brightness in the framework of a shock-in-jet model.
Screening of lipid degrading microorganisms for wastewater treatment

Aims: Fats, oils and greases (FOG) are poorly removable materials in wastewater treatment systems. The aim of this work is to find the most suitable strain(s) for a biological treatment technology of FOGs polluted wastewaters. Methodology and results: The 142 microorganisms from polluted environment were screened for lipase activity (LA) by sequentially using assays on agar-Tween 80, agar-fats, and turbidimetrically measuring the quantity of calcium salts with fatty acids. The isolates G23, G30, and Zb32 showed highest units of LA and were identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Lipid masses were determined gravimetrically after chloroform/ethyl alcohol extraction. In the model solutions with animal fats the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa G23 reduced mass fractions of mutton fat, beef tallow, and lard by 79±5%, 88±4%, and 80±6% respectively. Under the same conditions Aeromonas punctata G30 reduced: 65±3%, 60±8%, and 75±4%, and P. aeruginosa Zb32 reduced: 47±5%, 52±6% and 73±7%. In the model solutions with FOGs trap specimens as a carbon source from the local cafeteria the strains P. aeruginosa G23, A. punctata G30, and P. aeruginosa Zb32 reduced a lipid mass fraction by 61.5±7%, 45.2±5%, and 37.5±3% respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The strain P. aeruginosa G23 is the most effective lipid-degrading microorganism and the best candidate to use in biological treatment technology of FOGs polluted wastewater in Kazakhstan.
Study of Medication Error in Hospitalised Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

AIM: The aim of the present investigation is to study the incidence medication error (ME) in hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital. Further, the study was aimed to categorize medication error in the hospitalized patients of surgery and general medicine wards of tertiary care hospital. Method: A prospective observational study of seven months was conducted in the department of surgery ward and general medicine ward at Jivraj Mehta Smarak and Health Foundation. Data were collected using structured data collection form. Major Findings are recorded for the demographic details, drug details and criteria for identifying errors and their categorization, details of drugs involved in errors and rationality of prescription. Result: The study was conducted in 427 patients, where 231 were males (54%) and 196 were females (46%). Out of 427 cases, MEs has detected in 196 cases (45.90%). Most of the medication errors were observed in the age group of 41-60 years (34.69%). Reported incidences of MEs, 99 (51%) and 97(49%) were observed in surgery and general medicine department, respectively. The most frequent error was prescription errors (138; 70.40%) followed by administration errors (58; 29.59%). A potential drug interactions were observed in 95 cases (48%) and serious drug interactions in 28 cases (14%). Majority prescriptions were semi-rational (178; 41.68%) followed by irrational (96; 22.48%) and rational (135; 31.61%). On the evaluation of severity, majority of MEs were category C (118; 60%) followed by category B (44; 22%) and category A (34; 17%). Majority of MEs were belonging to cardiovascular drugs (23; 23%) in medicine ward and gastrointestinal drugs (29; 29%) in surgery ward. Conclusion: The study helps to assess the incidence of medication error and to categorize medication error. In the general medicine department, the majority of patients were geriatrics who are more prone to errors, thus guidelines for safe use of medications in geriatrics should be strictly implemented to prevent medication errors. Antimicrobials are the major class of drugs involved in medication errors, thus this study recommends strict implementations of antibiotic policy in the hospital.
EFFECT OF THYMOL + CARVACROL BY NEXT ENHANCE 150®ON INTESTINAL DEVELOPMENT OF BROILER CHICKENS FED CMC CONTAINING DIET

A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of thymol + carvacrol (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg) on ileal microbial population and jejuna and ileal histomorphology of broilers fed Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC: 0 and 2%) containing diet. Each of the 6 dietary treatments was replicated 5 times with 12 chicks each from 0 to 42 days of age. There was no interaction effect of CMC and thymol + carvacrol in any measured parameters. At d 42, the ileal population of lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria were greatest (P<0.05) in birds fed 200 mg/kg thymol + carvacrol but 100 mg/kg of additive had no significant difference with two others treatment. The E. coli population was significantly decreased in birds fed 100 and 200 mg/kg thymol + carvacrol. Supplementation of diet with CMC enhanced (P<0.05) ileal count of E. coli and reduced ileal counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as compared to those in chicks fed control diet. Data showed that supplementation of diet with CMC decreased (P<0.05) intestinal histomorphology including jejunal and ileal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth (VH:CD) and increased jejunal and ileal villus width (VW), crypt depth (CD) at 21 and 42 days of age as compared to those in chicks fed control diet. Inclusion of 100 and 200 mg/kg thymol + carvacrol improved VH, villus surface (VS), VH:CD and muscular layer (MSL) of jejunum at 21 and 42 days of age and also increased ileal VH, VH:CD, MSL and GC at d 21 and MSL and GC at 42 days of age. Supplementation of diet with CMC decreased (P<0.05) jejunal histomorphology including VH, VH:CD and increased (P<0.05) VW and CD at 21 and 42 days of age as compared to those in chicks fed control diet. At d 21, dietary CMC decreased (P<0.05) VH and increased (P<0.05) VW but it did not affect the rest of ileal histomorphological parameters. At d 42, CMC supplementation significantly affected some ileal histomorphological parameters in terms of increasing VW and CD and decreasing VH and VH:CD but the other parameters were not influenced by CMC.
Evaluation of youths’ knowledge of voluntary counseling and testing in Anambra State, Nigeria

This study aimed at determining youths’ knowledge of voluntary counseling in Anambra State of Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 400 youths (15 to 29 years) that were selected using multistage, simple random and proportionate sampling. Data generated were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Findings from the study revealed that youths in Anambra state were aware (85.5%) of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The results also show that mass media (Radio/TV, Newspapers) provide highest information to the youths. 71.4% of the youths know the location of a VCT centers. It was concluded that the current method used in creating awareness about VCT services seems to be working. It was recommended that present method should be upheld and improved while health educators should carry the awareness campaign into primary schools to create more awareness about VCT services.
Conversational Analysis as a Theoretical Foundation for Language Action Approaches

Communication modelling approaches within the Language Action Perspective (LAP) are based on two important theoretical cornerstones: 1) considering language use as action and 2) organisation of communication in accordance with pre-defined patterns. The basis for the first cornerstone can be found in speech act theory, but the basis for other must be searched for elsewhere. The paper investigates the origin for many LAP approaches, the Conversation-for-action schema of Winograd & Flores. It tries to detect an influence from the sociological approach of conversational analysis. Could conversational analysis be a basis for the study of communicative patterns within LAP? A discussion is pursued concerning differences between and possibilities to combine speech act theory and conversational analysis within LAP. This discussion, which is supported by the use of a simple example of business interaction, concludes with a contestation - in a spirit of conversational analysis - of a too heavy use of pre-defined patterns in communication modelling.
Views about Information Systems among North West University Mafikeng Campus Management, Administration and Law Students

paper reports the results of an investigation into the social differences between IS and non-IS students at NWU, Mafikeng Campus. It explores knowledge about IS by determining the level of computer knowledge and interaction, and other facts. These items influence students' choices between taking IS as a field of study and may increase career awareness of IS. It is assumed that students must have acquired computer knowledge (concepts) and computer skills (application) as they pursue their career. The problem is that non-IS students are not knowledgeable of computer hardware and software and would struggle. A quantitative research approach was used for this study. The findings in this study show that factors influencing students' choices from not taking or going into informatics field of study were related to higher salary and lower level of computer literacy. Students are also not informed of an IS career due to the lack of career orientation. The IS department should provide marketing strategies to increase IS career awareness.
Suitability of the Mediterranean-style diet in the modern world

Epidemiological studies as well as randomised dietary trials suggest that Mediterranean diet may be important in relation with the pathogenesis (and prevention) of coronary heart disease (CHD). For instance, a striking protective effect of an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich Mediterranean diet was reported in the Lyon Diet Heart Study with a 50 to 70 % reduction of the risk of recurrence after 4 years of follow-up in CHD patients. According to our current knowledge, dietary ALA should represent about 0.6 to 1 % of total daily energy or about 2g per day in patients following a Mediterranean diet, whereas the average intake in linoleic acid should not exceed 7g per day. Supplementation with very long chain omega-3 fatty acids (about 1g per day) in patients following a Mediterranean type of diet was shown to decrease the risk of cardiac death by 30% and of sudden cardiac death by 45% in the GISSI trial. Thus, in the context of a diet rich in oleic acid and poor in saturated and not high in omega-6 fatty acids (a dietary pattern characterizing the traditional Mediterranean diet), even a small dose of very long chain omega-3 fatty acids (one gram under the form of capsules) might be very protective. These data underline the importance of the accompanying diet in any dietary strategy using fatty acid complements.
Successful establishment of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta in Taiwan: insights into interactions of alternate social forms

Aim Understanding the factors underlying the successful establishment of invasive ant species is critical for developing quarantine strategies to prevent additional invasions as well as for determining how such species overcome the selective pressures in invaded areas. Although several studies have revealed differences in the social organization and population genetics of invasive ants in their native and introduced ranges, few studies have considered the potential interactions between alternate social forms within newly‐invaded areas simply because many invasive ants are characterized as polygyne or unicolonial.
Influence of Different Essential Oils on Refrigerated Fish Patties Produced from Bonito Fish (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793)

and moulds in group R were lower than those of the other groups during storage ( P < 0.05). During the storage period, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid index (TBA-i), peroxide values, and free fatty acid content gradually increased in all groups, and significant differences were found between the groups ( P < 0.05). The results of sensory evalu - ation showed that the shelf life of fish patties was 4 days for the control group, and 8, 10, and 14 days for the groups treated with thyme, clove and rosemary essential oil, respectively ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of essential oils showed a
Experimental analyses of body size, flight and survival in pierid butterflies.

To explore the consequences of allocation of body mass for flight and fitness in butterflies, we experimentally increased body weight and measured the effects on flight activity and survival in the field for two co-occurring pierid species (Pontia occidentalis and Colias philodice) that differ in palatability, mass allocation and flight speed. We predicted that increasing body weight would reduce flight activity in both Pontia and Colias, but that reductions in survival would be greater in the more palatable Colias than in the less palatable Pontia. Behavioural observations during three mark–recapture experiments showed that weighted butterflies flew less frequently than control butterflies in both Pontia and Colias. Adding weights significantly reduced survival in one study with Pontia, but not in a second study. Contrary to our predictions, adding weights had no significant effects on survival in the more palatable Colias. In combination with previous experimental manipulations of wing area, these results support the hypothesis that flight muscle ratio – the ratio of thoracic flight muscle to total body mass – is an important determinant of flight frequency in these species. However, the results do not indicate that flight muscle ratio is important for predator escape by these butterflies at our study sites. Different aspects of body size and shape may affect different components of butterfly flight, and seasonal variation in predation at our sites may modulate any relationship between flight and survival.
State of the art in texture analysis and synthesis

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. State of the art in texture analysis and synthesis Angélique Drémeau, Christine Guillemot, Olivier Le Meur, Emilie Bosc, Luce Morin, Muriel Pressigout, Marco Cagnazzo, Erica d’Acunto
War's Ontogeny: Militias and Ethnic Boundaries in Laos and Exile

This article concerns the dynamics of people-making during war and exile. While the Second Indochina War (1954–75) in Laos was international, the fashioning of ethnic identities in relation to militias also reflected local dynamics and divisions, and rivalries over prominence. I focus on the identification of Iu Mien peoples in relation to Chao La, a militia leader whose prominence reflected his authoritarianism and command over resources, as well as the social repercussions of large-scale resettlement and the dynamics of refugee camps. My argument centers on the potential of warfare and violence to define ethnic identities, and on social reproduction concerning cultural factors in ethnicized and militarized social life.
Outflow velocity of the O +5 ions in polar coronal holes out to 5 R

The purpose of the paper is to extend the measurement of the kinetic temperature and outflow velocity of the oxygen ions in the outer corona above polar holes out to 5 $R_\odot$. An analytical model of the solar corona at the minimum of activity has been employed in order to synthesize the spectral line profiles to be fitted with the data: the kinetic temperature of the O +5 ions on the plane of the sky is derived from the width of the O VI 1031.9 A line by applying the $\chi^2$ minimization. The oxygen temperature peaks at about 2.9 $R_\odot$, reaching a value of 1.5 $\times$ 10 8 K, and further out it is somehow flattening. The outflow velocity of the oxygen component of the fast solar wind, derived from the intensity ratio of the Doppler dimmed O VI doublet, increases outward to reach $550{-}760$ km s -1 at 5 $R_\odot$. The upper and lower limits of the outflow speed are due to the fact that its measurement depends on the velocity distribution of the oxygen ions which cannot be directly measured along the radial direction, but only along the line of sight. Hence the uncertainty is related to the temperature anisotropy assumed in the analysis. For this reason in this paper the measurement of the temperature anisotropy, found beyond 2 $R_\odot$ according to the previous literature on UVCS results, has been as well extended at higher altitudes, and it is found that above 3.7 $R_\odot$ anisotropy can still exist but not necessarily. The observations of the extended corona analyzed in this paper are performed with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer on board the Solar Heliospheric Observatory, during the solar minimum activity period 1996-1997.
A field evaluation of the VIPER system: a new technique for eliciting eyewitness identification evidence

Advances in technology have led to a new system for gathering facial identification evidence from eyewitnesses with accompanying changes in legislation in the UK. The current paper presents the responses of 1718 real witnesses and victims who attempted an identification from a video parade in Scotland in 2008. The witnesses comprised a large subset who were classified as ‘vulnerable’ due to their age, ability or the nature of the incident. Suspect identifications averaged 44%, a figure comparable to the rate reported in other field studies conducted in the UK. The foil identification rate at 42% is higher than other field data. The paper discusses the effects of witness age, vulnerability, perceived emotional state, crime type, delay and procedural aspects of the video procedure on suspect identifications.