Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV Testing, HIV Positivity, and Linkage and Referral Services in Correctional Facilities in the United States, 2009–2013

Background Because of health disparities, incarcerated persons are at higher risk for multiple health issues, including HIV. Correctional facilities have an opportunity to provide HIV services to an underserved population. This article describes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–funded HIV testing and service delivery in correctional facilities. Methods Data on HIV testing and service delivery were submitted to CDC by 61 health department jurisdictions in 2013. HIV testing, HIV positivity, receipt of test results, linkage, and referral services were described, and differences across demographic characteristics for linkage and referral services were assessed. Finally, trends were examined for HIV testing, HIV positivity, and linkage from 2009 to 2013. Results Of CDC-funded tests in 2013 among persons 18 years and older, 254,719 (7.9%) were conducted in correctional facilities. HIV positivity was 0.9%, and HIV positivity for newly diagnosed persons was 0.3%. Blacks accounted for the highest percentage of HIV-infected persons (1.3%) and newly diagnosed persons (0.5%). Only 37.9% of newly diagnosed persons were linked within 90 days; 67.5% were linked within any time frame; 49.7% were referred to partner services; and 45.2% were referred to HIV prevention services. There was a significant percent increase in HIV testing, overall HIV positivity, and linkage from 2009 to 2013. However, trends were stable for newly diagnosed persons. Conclusions Identification of newly diagnosed persons in correctional facilities has remained stable from 2009 to 2013. Correctional facilities seem to be reaching blacks, likely due to higher incarceration rates. The current findings indicate that improvements are needed in HIV testing strategies, service delivery during incarceration, and linkage to care postrelease.
Proinflammatory cytokines and thrombomodulin in patients with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, infected with Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUNDS Helicobacter pylori infect more than half of the global population. It is suggested to be related with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer. AIMS The aim of this present study was to evaluate proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1, 6, 8, 10, and thrombomodulin in H. pylori-infected patients with PUD and gastric cancer. PATIENTS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Taleghani Hospital on 111 patients with H. pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were divided into three groups of PUD, cancer, and control (normal on endoscopy), according to the results of endoscopy. The serum levels of interleukins 1, 6, 8, and 10 and thrombomodulin was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by histological examination of the endoscopic biopsy. RESULTS One hundred eleven patients were included in the study; 30 as PUD group, 30 as gastric cancer group, and 51 as controls. There was no significant difference between the means of IL-1 and IL-10 levels among the three groups (P = 0.744 and 0.383, respectively). IL-6, IL-8, and thrombomodulin levels were found to be statically different among the three groups (P < 0.05). The level of IL-6, IL-8, and thrombomodulin in cancer group was significantly higher than PUD and control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There is a significant association between H. pylori infection and serum IL-6, IL-8, and thrombomodulin but such relation is not present between H. pylori and IL-1 and IL-10. Immunity response (IL-6, IL-8 and thrombomodulin) is more severe in cancer patient than PUD.
Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence

Misinformation can undermine a well-functioning democracy. For example, public misconceptions about climate change can lead to lowered acceptance of the reality of climate change and lowered support for mitigation policies. This study experimentally explored the impact of misinformation about climate change and tested several pre-emptive interventions designed to reduce the influence of misinformation. We found that false-balance media coverage (giving contrarian views equal voice with climate scientists) lowered perceived consensus overall, although the effect was greater among free-market supporters. Likewise, misinformation that confuses people about the level of scientific agreement regarding anthropogenic global warming (AGW) had a polarizing effect, with free-market supporters reducing their acceptance of AGW and those with low free-market support increasing their acceptance of AGW. However, we found that inoculating messages that (1) explain the flawed argumentation technique used in the misinformation or that (2) highlight the scientific consensus on climate change were effective in neutralizing those adverse effects of misinformation. We recommend that climate communication messages should take into account ways in which scientific content can be distorted, and include pre-emptive inoculation messages.
Regulation of Protease-activated Receptor 1 Signaling by the Adaptor Protein Complex 2 and R4 Subfamily of Regulator of G Protein Signaling Proteins*

Background: The function of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 in the regulation of GPCR coupling to G protein signaling is not known. Results: AP-2 controls GPCR signaling by modulating receptor surface expression and, unexpectedly, through RGS protein recruitment to G proteins. Conclusion: AP-2 has diverse functions in the regulation of GPCR signaling. Significance: AP-2 provides a new mode of GPCR signal regulation. The G protein-coupled protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is irreversibly proteolytically activated by thrombin. Hence, the precise regulation of PAR1 signaling is important for proper cellular responses. In addition to desensitization, internalization and lysosomal sorting of activated PAR1 are critical for the termination of signaling. Unlike most G protein-coupled receptors, PAR1 internalization is mediated by the clathrin adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) and epsin-1, rather than β-arrestins. However, the function of AP-2 and epsin-1 in the regulation of PAR1 signaling is not known. Here, we report that AP-2, and not epsin-1, regulates activated PAR1-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis via two different mechanisms that involve, in part, a subset of R4 subfamily of “regulator of G protein signaling” (RGS) proteins. A significantly greater increase in activated PAR1 signaling was observed in cells depleted of AP-2 using siRNA or in cells expressing a PAR1 420AKKAA424 mutant with defective AP-2 binding. This effect was attributed to AP-2 modulation of PAR1 surface expression and efficiency of G protein coupling. We further found that ectopic expression of R4 subfamily members RGS2, RGS3, RGS4, and RGS5 reduced activated PAR1 wild-type signaling, whereas signaling by the PAR1 AKKAA mutant was minimally affected. Intriguingly, siRNA-mediated depletion analysis revealed a function for RGS5 in the regulation of signaling by the PAR1 wild type but not the AKKAA mutant. Moreover, activation of the PAR1 wild type, and not the AKKAA mutant, induced Gαq association with RGS3 via an AP-2-dependent mechanism. Thus, AP-2 regulates activated PAR1 signaling by altering receptor surface expression and through recruitment of RGS proteins.
It’s Where You Work: Increases in the Dispersion of Earnings across Establishments and Individuals in the United States

This paper analyzes the role of establishments in the upward trend in dispersion of earnings that has become a central topic in economic analysis and policy debate. It decomposes changes in the variance of log earnings among individuals into the part due to changes in earnings among establishments and the part due to changes in earnings within establishments. The main finding is that much of the 1970s–2010s increase in earnings inequality results from increased dispersion of the earnings among the establishments where individuals work. Our results direct attention to the role of establishment-level pay setting and economic adjustments in earnings inequality.
A Study of Chromosomal Aberrations and Chromosomal Fragility after Recombinant Growth Hormone Treatment

Increased chromosomal rearrangements and chromosomal fragility have been previously observed in lymphocytes of children treated with human GH, implying that treatment could predispose to malignancy. Twenty-four children with classic GH deficiency, neurosecretory GH dysfunction, and Turner syndrome were treated with recombinant human GH (0.3 mg·kg−1·wk−1). Metaphase cells were assessed for spontaneous chromosomal and chromatid aberrations at baseline and 6 mo into treatment. There were no significant differences in aberrations between baseline and the 6-mo samples. However, the mean frequency of chromatid-type aberrations on a per cell basis was significantly higher than at baseline, 0.0088 versus 0.0064 aberrations per cell (p < 0.024). Two patients contributed inordinately to this increase. A third sample from these two patients was almost identical to their baseline samples. Cells were also irradiated in vitro (3 Gy) to assess chromosomal fragility. After irradiation, no patient showed a significant difference for any aberration type, although there was a significantly lower frequency of ring chromosomes on a per cell basis in the 6-mo samples (p < 0.001). We find no evidence that GH therapy influences spontaneous chromosomal aberrations or chromosomal fragility.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of AqpZ, a Water Channel from Escherichia coli(*)

The aquaporin family of molecular water channels is widely expressed throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. No bacterial aquaporins are known; however, sequence-related bacterial genes have been identified that encode glycerol facilitators (glpF). By homology cloning, a novel aquaporin-related DNA (aqpZ) was identified that contained no surface N-glycosylation consensus. The aqpZ RNA was not identified in mammalian mRNA by Northern analysis and exhibited bacterial codon usage preferences. Southern analysis failed to demonstrate aqpZ in mammalian genomic DNA, whereas a strongly reactive DNA was present in chromosomal DNA from Escherichia coli and other bacterial species and did not correspond to glpF. The aqpZ DNA isolated from E. coli contained a 693-base pair open reading frame encoding a polypeptide 28-38% identical to known aquaporins. When compared with other aquaporins, aqpZ encodes a 10-residue insert preceding exofacial loop C, truncated NH2 and COOH termini, and no cysteines at known mercury-sensitive sites. Expression of aqpZ cRNA conferred Xenopus oocytes with a 15-fold increase in osmotic water permeability, which was maximal after 5 days of expression, was not inhibited with HgCl2, exhibited a low activation energy (E = 3.8 kcal/mol), and failed to transport nonionic solutes such as urea and glycerol. In contrast, oocytes expressing glpF transported glycerol but exhibited limited osmotic water permeability. Phylogenetic comparison of aquaporins and homologs revealed a large separation between aqpZ and glpF, consistent with an ancient gene divergence.
Higher-Order Conditioning and Sensory Preconditioning of a Taste Aversion with an Exteroceptive CS1

An exteroceptive stimulus compound (context) was employed as CS1 in higherorder conditioning (H-OC, Experiments I and II), and sensory preconditioning (SPC, Experiment III) of a saccharin (CS2) aversion in rats. The results indicated that aversions were established with the H-OC as well as with the SPC procedures. Stimulus generalization and first-order conditioning explanations were ruled out by appropriate controls. A CS1-extinction period, performed prior to testing, did not affect the H-OC aversion, whereas it reduced the SPC aversion at least partially. These findings imply that interoceptive (taste, nausea) and exteroceptive stimuli (context) are readily associable in rats. Implications of the resemblance between the SPC procedure and long-delay taste-aversion learning are discussed.
Performance of Egyptian Cotton Exports in International Market

The performance of Egyptian cotton exports (ECE) has been examined in the international markets during the period 1990-2006. The study has revealed a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE in India, Italy, the Republic of Korea, and Japan. Together, these markets had imported about 50 per cent of ECE during 1990-2006. The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton has been found to be dependent on its quality not price. Japan, the Republic of Korea and Italy had provided the most stable markets for ECE during the study period. Linear regression analysis has suggested that one per cent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tonnes. This analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE. The study has revealed the possibility of increasing ECE to the Indian and Korean markets.
The Economic Value of Human Capital

The human factor created by physical work and/or intellectual property of all existing material, is unequivocally active value of any work, ie human capital translates into different activities, specialized or not, it creates these individuals. History of the term human capital has experienced over time a series of ups and downs, as agreed or rejected by academia and the political class. Although known affirmation and its conceptual structure only after the seventh decade of the twentieth century, the term human capital has been used long before the economy.
Alleviation of Sleep Maintenance Insomnia with Timed Exposure to Bright Light

Objective: Half of the population over 65 suffers from chronic sleep disturbance. As a consequence, almost 40% of hypnotic medications are prescribed to people over age 60. Yet, hypnotics are often of little benefit in this population. As such, an effective non‐drug alternative could prove important in the management of age‐related sleep maintenance insomnia. The current study sought to evaluate the efficacy of bright light exposure in the treatment of sleep maintenance insomnia.
Pulmonary functions testing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND A high incidence of abnormal pulmonary function tests has been reported in cross-sectional studies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Few patients have been enrolled in longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVES To perform PFT in rheumatoid arthritic patients without pulmonary involvement and to identify variables related to changes in PFT over 5 years of follow-up. METHODS Consecutive RA patients underwent PFT according to recommendations of the American Thoracic Society. All surviving patients were advised to repeat the examination 5 years later. RESULTS PFT was performed in 82 patients (21 men, 61 women). Their mean age was 55.7 (15.9) years and the mean RA duration was 11.1 (10) years. Five years later 15 patients (18.3%) had died. Among the 67 surviving patients, 38 (56.7%) agreed to participate in a follow-up study. The initial PFT revealed normal PFT in only 30 patients (36.6%); an obstructive ventilatory defect in 2 (2.4%), a small airway defect in 12 (17%), a restrictive ventilatory defect in 21 (25.6%), and reduced DLco in 17 (20.7%). Among the 38 patients participating in the 5 year follow-up study, 8 developed respiratory symptoms, one patient had a new obstructive ventilatory defect, one patient developed a restrictive ventilatory defect, and 5 patients had a newly developed small airway defect. The DLco had improved in 7 of the 8 patients who initially had reduced DLco, reaching normal values in 5 patients. Over the study period a new reduction in DLco was observed in 7 patients. Linear regression analyses failed to identify any patient or disease-specific characteristics that could predict a worsening in PFT. The absolute yearly decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec among our RA patients was 47 ml/year, a decline similar to that seen among current smokers. CONCLUSIONS Serial PFT among patients with RA is indicated and allows for earlier identification of various ventilatory defects. Small airways disturbance was a common finding in our RA patients.
On the Industry Specificity of Human Capital and Business Cycles

We define specific (general) human capital as the set of occupations whose use is spread in a limited (wide) set of industries. Using the EU Labor Force Survey database, we identify these human capital types and analyze their employment and education. This exercise yields a persistent assignment of occupations into specific and general human capital types. The share of specific human capital varies across countries and has declined over time almost everywhere.We consider a stylized two-sector model where one of the sectors uses both types of human capital and the other specializes on general human capital. We show that a mean preserving increase in the share of specific human capital reduces (increases) the contribution of shocks in non-specialized sector and increases (reduces) the contribution of shocks in specialized sector to the variance of final output, when sectoral outputs are gross complements (substitutes).
GIS Measures of Residential Property Views

This paper develops four novel measures of a residential property's view using purely topographical data, evaluates each measure's contribution to property prices, and compares the efficacy of these new variables with manually-generated measures of view used in the literature. Using a set of semi-logarithmic and spatial autoregressive hedonic regression models for Sydney, Australia, this paper finds that water views contribute 2.30%-216.2% to property prices and land views contribute -5.94%-69.7%. These new measures confer an improvement in out-of-sample prediction accuracy of up to 6.2%.
Ambidextrous supply chain as a dynamic capability: building a resilient supply chain

Purpose – Developing ambidexterity as a dynamic capability is important for firms to sustain their competitive advantage. Moreover, this capability allows firms to build the resiliency to mitigate enterprise risks. The purpose of this paper is to apply two main theoretical frames from the strategy literature, dynamic capabilities, and organizational ambidexterity, to supply chain management (SCM) to examine mitigation strategies for supply chain (SC) disruptions. The authors empirically investigated how the firm’s SC ambidexterity is developed through a dynamic capability-building process and how this, in turn, can mitigate the negative impact of SC disruptions and improve business performance. Design/methodology/approach – This study conducted a field survey to answer the research questions as there exists no archival database with detailed information on ambidextrous SC strategies and dynamic capability. A total of 316 usable responses were received from managers working in the SC area. Confirmatory fac.
Maximum White Luminous Efficacy of Radiation Versus Color Rendering Index and Color Temperature: Exact Results and a Useful Analytic Expression

We calculate numerically the spectral power distributions (SPDs) which maximize luminous efficacies of radiation (LERs) for white light of particular color rendering indices (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$R _{a}$</tex></formula>'s) and color temperatures (CTs). We find that, except for the very highest color rendering indices, the spectra are spiky rather than continuous. We present a useful analytic expression for the dependences of the maximum white luminous efficacy of radiation (MWLER) on <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$R _{a}$</tex></formula> and CT and discuss these dependences. We propose that, for any white light source of a given <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$R _{a}$</tex></formula> and CT, its absolute spectral efficiency is simply the ratio of its LER to the MWLER at that same <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$R _{a}$</tex></formula> and CT. We discuss the absolute spectral efficiency, defined in this way, of various lighting technologies: incandescent, fluorescent, high-intensity discharge, and solid-state lighting. Finally, we discuss the possibility of alternative MWLERs based on alternative indices for color rendering quality.
Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of placement of steroid‐eluting bioabsorbable sinus implants in the office setting: a prospective case series

The outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be compromised by postoperative inflammation, recurrent polyposis, middle turbinate lateralization, and synechiae, often requiring subsequent interventions. A bioabsorbable steroid‐eluting sinus implant placed in the operating room following ESS has been proven safe and effective in 2 randomized controlled trials and a subsequent meta‐analysis, for its ability to preserve sinus patency, and reduce medical and surgical interventions. This trial sought to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of implants placed in the office after achieving hemostasis.
Innovation in the Service Economy

In this book Faiz Gallouj propounds a theoretical framework which describes and evaluates the main approaches to analysing and understanding innovation in services. He provides interesting and extensive empirical material on the nature and sources of innovation in various services sectors and countries, and makes an original contribution both to theories of innovation in services and theories of innovation in general. Taking both an evolutionary and conventionalist stance, he demonstrates that services, and more importantly innovations in services, can be regarded as the new wealth of nations.
The Fisher–Bingham Spatial Correlation Model for Multielement Antenna Systems

In this paper, we study the effect of the elevation of incoming multipaths at a multielement antenna receiver by using a novel 3-D approach. It is shown that under a more general 3-D angle-of-arrival (AoA) model, namely, the Fisher-Bingham five-parameter (FB5) distribution, the spatial fading correlation (SFC) that is experienced between the adjacent antenna array elements decreases as the elevation increases. The FB5 distribution does not have a known series expansion, and therefore, the defining SFC integral can only numerically be evaluated. The proposed SFC function is further extended to capture the effect of multiple clusters of scatterers in the propagation channel. We, therefore, propose a mixture SFC function that is scaled according to the probability that each cluster contributes to the channel. The parameters of the individual components that constitute the mixture are estimated by using a soft expectation maximization (soft-EM) algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed model fits well with the data obtained from a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) measurement campaign in the city of Ilmenau, Germany.