Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muon g-2 Theory: the Hadronic Part

I present a status report of the hadronic vacuum polarization effects for the muon $g-2$, to be considered as an update of [1]. The update concerns recent new inclusive $R$ measurements from KEDR in the energy range 1.84 to 3.72 GeV. For the leading order contributions I find $a_\mu^{\mathrm{had}(1)}=(688.07\pm 4.14)[688.77\pm3.38]\times 10^{-10}$ based on $e^+e^-$data [incl. $\tau$ data], $a_\mu^{\mathrm{had}(2)}= (-9.93\pm 0.07) \times 10^{-10}$ (NLO) and $a_\mu^{\mathrm{had}(3)}= (1.22\pm 0.01) \times 10^{-10}$ (NNLO). Collecting recent progress in the hadronic light-by-light scattering I adopt $\pi^0,\eta,\eta'$ [$95 \pm 12$] + axial--vector [$8 \pm ~3$] + scalar [$-6\pm ~1$] + $\pi,K$ loops [$-20\pm 5$] + quark loops [$22\pm ~4$] + tensor [$1\pm ~0$] + NLO [$3\pm ~2$] which yields $ a^{(6)}_\mu(\mathrm{lbl},\mathrm{had})=(103 \pm 29) \times 10^{-11}. $ With these updates I find $a_\mu^{\rm exp}-a_\mu^{\rm the}=(31.3\pm 7.7)\times 10^{-10}$ a 4.1 $\sigma$ deviation. Recent lattice QCD results and future prospects to improve hadronic contributions are discussed.
Compilation and Annotation of the Discourse-structured Blog Corpus for German

The present paper reports the first results of the compilation and annotation of a blog corpus for German. The main aim of the project is the representation of the blog discourse structure and relations between its elements (blog posts, comments) and participants (bloggers, commentators). The data included in the corpus were manually collected from the scientific blog portal SciLogs. The feature catalogue for the corpus annotation includes three types of information which is directly or indirectly provided in the blog or can be construed by means of statistical analysis or computational tools. At this point, only directly available information (e.g., title of the blog post, name of the blogger etc.) has been annotated. We believe, our blog corpus can be of interest for the general study of blog structure or related research questions as well as for the development of NLP methods and techniques (e.g. for authorship detection).
A comprehensive chemical abundance study of the outer halo globular cluster M 75

Context. M 75 is a relatively young globular cluster (GC) found at 15 kpc from the Galactic centre at the transition region between the inner and outer Milky Way halos. Aims. Our aims are to perform a comprehensive abundance study of a variety of chemical elements in this GC such as to investigate its chemical enrichment history in terms of early star formation, and to search for any multiple populations. Methods. We have obtained high resolution spectroscopy with the MIKE instrument at the Magellan telescope for 16 red giant stars. Their membership within the GC is confirmed from radial velocity measurements. Our chemical abundance analysis is performed via equivalent width measurements and spectral synthesis, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. Results. We present the first comprehensive abundance study of M 75 to date. The cluster is metal-rich ([Fe/H] = −1.16 ± 0.02 dex, [α/Fe] = +0.30 ± 0.02 dex), and shows a marginal spread in [Fe/H] of 0.07 dex, typical of most GCs of similar luminosity. A moderately extended O-Na anticorrelation is clearly visible, likely showing three generations of stars, formed on a short timescale. Additionally the two most Na-rich stars are also Ba-enhanced by 0.4 and 0.6 dex, respectively, indicative of pollution by lower mass (M ~ 4−5 M⊙) asymptotic giant branch stars. The overall n-capture element pattern is compatible with predominant r-process enrichment, which is rarely the case in GCs of such a high metallicity.
EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION OF METAL-HYDRIDE CATHODE WORKING IN PENNING DISCHARGE

The experimental simulation of metal-hydride cathode in a penning type charged particles source has been carried out owing to hydrogen feeding through the cathode of special construction. The source general and emissive characteristics were investigated as well as frequency spectra of HF oscillations in discharge gap and in effluent beam. Based on data for metal-hydride cathode and results of the experiments it was revealed the determinative role of desorbed hydrogen in the processes of axial electron flows forming from the source. PACS: 52.80. Sm
Genomic analysis of pre-weaning survival in a commercial swine population

The purpose of this study is to investigate different trait definitions of piglet pre-weaning survival (PWS) in commercial pigs and to estimate relative genetic parameters, including the genetic correlation with piglet weight at birth. Data were available from 106,861 U.S. commercial piglets (8,873 litters) generated by mating 161 purebred Duroc boars to 5,015 crossbred sows. Piglet PWS was defined at different stages as a binary trait, while birth weight was considered both as a continuous trait (BW) and a binary trait representing the proportion of pigs above a moving weight threshold x (tBWx). Data were analysed using linear and threshold models implemented in a Bayesian framework. Heritability estimates for PWS using sire genotypes were higher when compared to pedigree-based estimates. The posterior means (SD) of the genomic heritability of PWS were 0.097 (0.034), 0.094 (0.030) and 0.078 (0.026) for day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. Highest genetic correlations between PWS and tBW (threshold at 1.75 lbs) were 0.94 0.98 using bivariate analysis incorporating the sire genotype relationship matrix, while the best tBWx predictor for PWS using a pedigree-based relationship matrix was found with a weight threshold at 2.0 lbs. Bivariate analysis also largely improved the genomic heritability estimates for PWS (posterior mean range at day 3: 0.116 0.131). Results suggest that utilization of sire genotype information supports added power in detecting genetic variation for PWS. The strong genetic correlation between PWS and tBWx also may assist breeding programs aimed at increasing early survival.
Discrimination, color and social intervention among youth in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ, Brazil ): the male perspective

This study analyzes the issues of discrimination and racism among Rio de Janeiro youth, by examining the perceptions, experiences and reactions of the group to situations where they confronted discrimination. The research is part of a broader study about the effects of social interventions in the trajectories of young, lower class males and females. In-depth interviews were conducted with 42 youths from 18 to 24 years old, some of whom participated in citizenship and professional training programs. The article analyzes the youths’ statements about the circuits, networks and processes that involve discriminatory practices in the city of Rio de Janeiro. We emphasize the configurations that discrimination and racism take among young males with experience in social programs and their implication for sociability and access to certain social spaces. The comparison between youths with and without institutional experience provided interesting insights on race, class and gender, thus broadening the understanding of the specificities of racial relations in Brazil.
Sexual activity in macropterous and brachypterous males of a flightless bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera)

The long-winged (macropterous) and short-winged (brachypterous) adult males of Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) from temperate (Czech Republic) and Mediterranean (Israel) populations were analysed for the sexual activity and the functional activity of their accessory glands. The sexual activity of the males reared either under long-day (18L : 6D) or short-day (12L : 12D) conditions was determined by their capability to mate with 5-day-old reproductive females of the brachypterous morph and to fertilize the eggs. The functional activity of accessory glands was characterized by the presence of a specific immuno-marker. Sexual activity of fasting macropterous males from both temperate and Mediterranean populations was almost as high as that observed in the reproductive brachypterous ones. These findings were also confirmed by an immunotest. Contrary to the temperate macropterous males, the feeding arrest in temperate macropterous females was coupled with a non-diapause inhibition of reproduction in spite of long days. A similar kind of difference was observed also in the Mediterranean macropterous bugs reared under short-day conditions. The results showed the sexual difference in reproductive activity of the macropterous morph in P. apterus.
Evolutionary tradeoffs among nutrient acquisition, cell size, and grazing defense in marine phytoplankton promote ecosystem stability

To survive, an algal species must maximize its reproduction rate via efficient nutrient acquisition and assimilation while minimizing rates of mortality from grazing or other sources. In a survey of 11 well studied marine algal species (including 3 racial variants of a single species, Emilia- nia huxleyi) in ammonium-limited cyclostat cultures, we observed variations in ammonium uptake rates and associated growth rates, which were linked to cell size and, apparently, also to grazing defense. The 5 largest species (10-12 µm cell diameter) had similar low ammonium uptake rates and associated ammonium-limited growth rates owing to diffusion limitation of uptake. Diffusive flux per unit of cell volume decreases with the inverse square of the cell diameter; hence, cells can minimize diffusion limitation and increase nutrient uptake by becoming smaller. However, this comes at the cost of higher susceptibility to grazing mortality. The 7 smallest isolates (2.7-4.6 µm diameter) had higher rates of ammonium uptake and growth as predicted from theory, but there was considerable variation for similarly sized cells. All 4 of the small algal species or isolates that are known to be poorly grazed or poorly assimilated by grazers had unusually low ammonium uptake rates and asso- ciated growth rates for their size, which we hypothesize to be due to the high cost of grazing defense. The results suggest the existence of evolutionary tradeoffs between large cell size and grazing defenses (which decrease grazing mortality) and small size and minimal defenses (which promote growth and reproduction). Such tradeoffs could increase the species diversity of algal communities, which in turn promotes ecosystem stability.
Bayesian Analysis of Random Coefficient Logit Models Using Aggregate Data

We present a Bayesian approach for analyzing aggregate level sales data in a market with differentiated products. We consider the aggregate share model proposed by Berry etÂ al. [Berry, Steven, Levinsohn, James, Pakes, Ariel, 1995. Automobile prices in market equilibrium. Econometrica. 63 (4), 841-890], which introduces a common demand shock into an aggregated random coefficient logit model. A full likelihood approach is possible with a specification of the distribution of the common demand shock. We introduce a reparameterization of the covariance matrix to improve the performance of the random walk Metropolis for covariance parameters. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach with both actual and simulated data. Sampling experiments show that our approach performs well relative to the GMM estimator even in the presence of a mis-specified shock distribution. We view our approach as useful for those who are willing to trade off one additional distributional assumption for increased efficiency in estimation.
Non-optimal levels of a reducible mod $\ell $ modular representation

Let ` > 3 be a prime and N be a square-free integer prime to `. For each prime p dividing N , let ap be either 1 or −1. We give a sufficient criterion for the existence of a newform f of weight 2 for Γ0(N) such that the mod ` Galois representation attached to f is reducible and Upf = apf for primes p dividing N . The main techniques used are level raising methods based on an exact sequence due to Ribet.
Heterothallic and homothallic sexual reproduction in Tabularia fasciculata (Bacillariophyta).

Sexual behaviour, pattern of auxosporulation, and breeding system of the araphid diatom Tabularia fasciculata were studied using 64 clones derived from two natural populations from the Canadian Atlantic seashore and the Black Sea. Both inter- and intraclonal reproductions were observed. Heterothallic reproduction was morphologically and behaviourally heterogamous. The heterothallic nature of sexual reproduction in this species allowed the determination of sex ratio in the population, which was 1:1 male:female. A novel type of active movement of gametes designated as male was described and pathways traced and recorded. A few male clones could reproduce intraclonally, but this was not abundant compared to interclonal reproduction. The advantages and inferred significance of each mode of reproduction are discussed. In the semi-natural population of T. fasciculata, two size classes were detected among sexualized individuals, and they gave rise to two size groups of initial cells. Sexual compatibility of all derived clones was independent of cell size class. In cultures, the apical length of initial cells was also strongly correlated to the size of parental gametangia. Cell sizes corresponding to cardinal points in the life cycle were established. Interbreeding of clones derived from the Canadian Atlantic and the Black Sea suggests a pan-Atlantic reproductive compatibility of populations of diatoms conforming to current morphological delineation of T. fasciculata.
Palaeoclimate characteristics in interior Siberia of MIS 6–2: first insights from the Batagay permafrost mega-thaw slump in the Yana Highlands

Abstract. Syngenetic permafrost deposits formed extensively on and around the arising Beringian subcontinent during the Late Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Syngenetic deposition implies that all material, both mineral and organic, freezes parallel to sedimentation and remains frozen until degradation of the permafrost. Permafrost is therefore a unique archive of Late Pleistocene palaeoclimate. Most studied permafrost outcrops are situated in the coastal lowlands of northeastern Siberia; inland sections are, however, scarcely available. Here, we describe the stratigraphical, cryolithological, and geochronological characteristics of a permafrost sequence near Batagay in the Siberian Yana Highlands, the interior of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, with focus on the Late Pleistocene Yedoma ice complex (YIC). The recently formed Batagay mega-thaw slump exposes permafrost deposits to a depth of up to 80 m and gives insight into a climate record close to Verkhoyansk, which has the most severe continental climate in the Northern Hemisphere. Geochronological dating (optically stimulated luminescence, OSL, and 14C ages) and stratigraphic implications delivered a temporal frame from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene for our sedimentological interpretations and also revealed interruptions in the deposition. The sequence of lithological units indicates a succession of several distinct climate phases: a Middle Pleistocene ice complex indicates cold stage climate. Then, ice wedge growth stopped due to highly increased sedimentation rates and eventually a rise in temperature. Full interglacial climate conditions existed during accumulation of an organic-rich layer – plant macrofossils reflected open forest vegetation existing under dry conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. The Late Pleistocene YIC (MIS 4–MIS 2) suggests severe cold-stage climate conditions. No alas deposits, potentially indicating thermokarst processes, were detected at the site. A detailed comparison of the permafrost deposits exposed in the Batagay thaw slump with well-studied permafrost sequences, both coastal and inland, is made to highlight common features and differences in their formation processes and palaeoclimatic histories. Fluvial and lacustrine influence is temporarily common in the majority of permafrost exposures, but has to be excluded for the Batagay sequence. We interpret the characteristics of permafrost deposits at this location as a result of various climatically induced processes that are partly seasonally controlled. Nival deposition might have been dominant during winter time, whereas proluvial and aeolian deposition could have prevailed during the snowmelt period and the dry summer season.
Research and development: financial constraints and the role of public funding for small and medium-sized enterprises

This paper presents microeconometric evidence on financing con-traints for research and development activities in German small and medium? sized firms (SME). Special attention is paid to the role of public R&D subsidies. For this purpose SME in Western and East-ern Germany are compared because these regions are very different in their supply of public R&D funding. It turns out that Western German SME are financially constrained in their R&D activities by both internal and external resources. In Eastern Germany, firms are not sensitive to external constraints, possibly due to high public R&D subsidies. The results suggest that R&D in Eastern Germany is to a large extent driven by public subsidies since the German re? unification in 1990 and that the usual financial market mechanisms are repealed with respect to R&D in this region.
Sustainability Profile of Islamic Banking Industry: Evidence from World Top Five Islamic Banking Countries

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic sustainability of Islamic banking industry in the top five Islamic banking countries by global Islamic banking assets i.e. Iran, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Kuwait, and U.A. E. This paper applied Altman model on the selected Islamic banks with the objective to evaluate their economic sustainability, ANOVA and Regression tests are applied to examine the significance and correlations of independent variables with bankruptcy. From the selected sample Saudi Arabian Islamic banks top the sustainability profile list while Malaysian banks reserved the last place. The overall bankruptcy rate of Islamic banks is recorded 53 per cent, while, Malaysian Islamic banks registered the highest bankruptcy rate of 89 per cent, and Saudi Arabian banks retained the lowest bankruptcy rate of 29 per cent. Moreover profitability ratio is found to be insignificant with sustainability exposure. The model used in this study required retained earnings, while retained earnings is directly linked with the age of firm. However, majority of the Malaysian and Kuwaiti Islamic banks are incorporated in mid 2000, the small age of these banks lead towards their lower or negative retained earning, which ultimately reduced their sustainability rating in the evaluation process. The analysis here is viable for drawing the attention of researchers and practitioners towards the deteriorated economic sustainability of Islamic banking industry. This study also urge to develop a separate bankruptcy continuum model for Islamic banking industry, therefore, this study will also serve as a launching pad in the process of developing that model.
Optimisation of Extraction of Phaleria Macrocarpa Leaves

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl known as mahkota dewa has been used traditionally to treat cancer, impotency, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, blood pressure and various skin diseases by Indonesians. Through recent study, this plant has been proven to treat cancer. Phalerin is one of the major compounds in this plant which is believed to contribute to cure cancer cell. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of solid-to-solvent ratio, particle sizes and temperature on the yield of extract and concentration of phalerin. The result obtained from this experiment enabled one to optimize and develop the extraction kinetics model. The solid liquid extraction is used to extract the compounds from the plants. The process is carried out by using water as solvents and using leaves at various particle sizes, solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 to 1:50 (g/ml), temperature of 40 to 80°C and last up to 5 hours. The crude extract was analyzed to determine the yield and HPLC analysis was used to determine the concentration of phalerin present. From the study, the optimum parameters for the extraction phalerin from Phaleria macrocarpa leaves are at 70°C using 1:20 (g/ml) solid-to-solvent ratio and particle size of <250 μm for 120 minutes
Graduates’Work Experiences in Small and Medium Enterprises in the Northern States of Malaysia

This paper was designed to examine university graduates’ expectations and experiences of employment in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Northern States of Malaysia. A self-reported questionnaire data was gathered from 84 graduate employees. Graduates reported positive experiences in many areas. These often exceeded their expectations, and in general over-met expectations were much more common than under-met ones. The graduates’ work appeared to offer quite high autonomy, the chance to develop a wide range of skills, and to progress towards career goals, at least in the short term. In line with previous research, there were signs that pay; within enterprise career prospects and training were relatively weak areas. Taken as a whole, the results substantiated previous research done and challenge more negative images of employment in small enterprises, and also the preoccupation with under-met expectations in the literature on new entrants to enterprises.
Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual Berbasis Kearifan Lokal sebagai Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter

Penanaman nilai-nilai karakter di sekolah umumnya dikenal dengan istilah pendidikan karakter, pendidikan moral, atau pendidikan nilai. Kedudukan Pendidikan karakter di Indonesia sejajar dengan subyek-subyek mata pelajaran yang diajarkan di sekolah, yang membedakan dengan mata pelajaran lainya adalah bentuk pengajaranya. Pendidikan karakter di Indonesia pada umumnya diintegrasikan dengan mata pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Salah satu model pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan yang dapat digunakan adalah model pembelajaran kontekstual yang berbasis pada nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Selanjutnya, model pembelajaran kontekstual akan memberikan kemandirian bagi siswa untuk mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai karakter yang bersumber pada nilai-nilai hidup di keluarga atau di lingkungan masyarakat. Selain itu model pembelajaran ini menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter secara langsung melalui pembiasaan dengan ikut serta dalam kegiatan masyarakat, antara lain kegiatan gotong royong ataupun rapat warga yang mampu menumbuhkan karakter toleransi dan kerjasama. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan adalah studi literatur, penulis mencoba mengembangkan model pembelajaran kontekstual yang dikaji dari berbagai referensi yang relevan. Melalui model ini siswa diharapkan mampu membuat sebuah produk pembelajaran berupa jurnal harian yang berisi nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat di lingkungan keluarga atau masyarakat.