Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Las Ciudades como Mosaicos Bioculturales: El Caso del Centro Histórico de Quito

Se investigaron elementos actuales e historicos (desde el siglo XVI) de la biodiversidad del centro historico de Quito (Ecuador), y de sus alrededores, especialmente aves, mediante cronicas, documentos contemporaneos, observaciones, censos y conversaciones con habitantes de tres barrios. La biodiversidad ha sido parte del centro historico y de sus contornos en expansion, aunque ha sufrido retrocesos. En el siglo XXI aparecen, sin embargo, estrategiasque replantean el lugar de la naturaleza en la ciudad, dandole nuevos espacios, en ocasiones restaurandola.Considerando los beneficios de la diversidad biologica para los espacios patrimoniales como el centro historico de Quito y sus contornos, se reflexiono sobre el potencial de planificar la ciudad como un mosaico biocultural, con una gestion enfocada mas alla de lo arquitectonico/social/economico/patrimonial-cultural.
MÜZİK EĞİTİMİ ANABİLİM DALI ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖĞRETMENLİK MESLEĞİ TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Bu calisma, Muzik Egitimi Anabilim Dali ogrencilerinin ogretmenlik meslegine yonelik tutumlarini belirlemeyi amaclayan betimsel bir arastirmadir. Calismada cinsiyet ve sinif degiskenlerine bagli olarak ogretmen adaylarinin tutumlari saptanmaya calisilmistir. Calismanin verileri Tufan ve Gudek (2007) tarafindan gelistirilen “Muzik Ogretmenligi Meslegine Yonelik Tutum Olcegi” ile toplanmistir. Calisma grubunu Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi ve Pamukkale Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Guzel Sanatlar Egitimi Bolumu Muzik Egitimi Anabilim Dali’nda okuyan 193 ogrenci olusturmaktadir. Verilerin analizinde frekans ve yuzde dagilimlari ile belirlenen degiskenlerin karsilastirilmasinda t-testi kullanilmistir. Calismada, tum siniflarda ogrencilerin yuksek duzeyde mesleki tutuma sahip olduklari saptanmistir. Olcegin alt boyutlari olan Sevgi ve Deger tutum puanlarinin da yine yuksek duzeyde oldugu belirlenirken, ogrencilerin mesleki tutumlarinda sinif degiskenine gore anlamli bir farklilik tespit edilmemistir. Ayrica cinsiyet degiskenine gore meslege yonelik tutum puanlarinda kiz ogrenciler lehine anlamli bir farklilik belirlenmistir.
Influence of Multiple Disturbances on Stream Structure and Function

We investigated the influence of multiple disturbances on ecosystem structure and function in a headwater stream adjacent to an abandoned arsenic mine using an upstream (reference) and downstream (mine-influenced) comparative reach approach. In this study, floods were addressed as a pulse disturbance, and the abandoned arsenic mine was characterized as a press disturbance. Chronically elevated levels of arsenic were specifically addressed as a ramp disturbance. Stream ecosystem structure and biogeochemical functioning were characterized monthly over a period from July to December 2004 by determining benthic organic matter standing stocks, ecosystem metabolism, and by using solute additions to examine differences in phosphorus uptake and hydrology over the monitoring period. Influences of the press disturbance were evident in the mine-influenced reach where arsenic concentrations (254 ± 39 μg/L) were >30 higher than in the reference reach (8 ± 1 μg/L). However, in almost all cases the presence of the abandoned arsenic mine appeared to exert little influence on reach-scale measures of ecosystem structure and function (e.g., organic matter standing crops, phosphorus uptake). Conversely, floods (i.e., pulse disturbances) influenced organic matter standing stocks and hydrologic interactions between the stream and transient storage zones in both study reaches. Interactions between press and pulse disturbances were evident in several cases and illustrated by phosphorus uptake responses. Phosphorus uptake was best predicted by coarse particulate organic matter standing stocks in the reference reach. However, in the reach exposed to the press disturbance (i.e., mine-influenced reach), both coarse particulate organic matter standing stocks and characteristics of the pulse disturbance regime (i.e., number of days post-flood) were significant predictors of phosphorus uptake. Within the mine-influenced reach, arsenic concentrations increased from 16–600 μg/L and were addressed as a ramp disturbance. Analysis of phosphorus uptake in the mine-influenced reach across a gradient of arsenic concentrations correlated with Michaelis-Menton models of enzyme kinetics in the presence of a competitive inhibitor. These results suggest that arsenic appears to competitively inhibit phosphorus uptake by microbial assemblages in the mine-influenced reach. Results from this study highlight the fact that ecotoxilogical studies at the ecosystem scale should consider not only contaminant influences, but rather place its implications within the extant disturbance regime generated from both natural and anthropogenic sources.
Giant cell arteritis , truly a form of systemic vasculitis 180

A systematic literature search was performed to summarise current knowledge on extracranial giant cell arteritis (GCA), i.e. large-artery involvement in patients with or without clinically apparent temporal arteritis (cranial GCA). Extracranial GCA is increasingly recognised, both in patients with cranial GCA and with solitary extracranial GCA, due to increased awareness among physicians and development of modern imaging modalities. The literature on the pathogenesis and histopathology of extracranial GCA is scarce. It is considered to be similar to cranial GCA. Patients with solitary extracranial GCA often present with non-specific signs and symptoms, although vascular manifestations, mostly secondary to stenosis, may occur. Due to the non-specific clinical presentation and low sensitivity of temporal artery biopsies, extracranial GCA is usually diagnosed by imaging. F-FDG-PET, MRI, CT angiography and ultrasound are used for this purpose. At present, the optimal diagnostic strategy is undetermined. The choice for a particular modality can be guided by the clinical scenario that raises suspicion of extracranial GCA, in addition to local availability and expertise. Extracranial complications in GCA consist of aortic aneurysm or dissection (mainly the ascending aorta), aortic arch syndrome, arm claudication and posterior stroke (although this is technically a cranial complication, it often results from stenosis of the vertebrobasilar arteries). Mortality is generally not increased in patients with GCA. Treatment of patients with solitary extracranial and those with extracranial and cranial GCA has been debated in the recent literature. In general, the same strategy is applied as in patients with temporal arteritis, although criteria regarding who to treat are unclear. Surgical procedures may be indicated, in which case optimal medical treatment prior to surgery is important. K E Y W O R D S Giant cell arteritis, vasculitis, arteritis, extracranial I N T R O D U C T I O N Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous vasculitis of unknown origin, affecting large and medium-sized arteries. Temporal arteritis is a well-known clinical phenotype of GCA, characterised by temporal headache, jaw claudication and visual symptoms and is sometimes referred to as cranial GCA. However, GCA does not exclusively affect the temporal artery or other branches of the external carotid arteries. In fact, large-artery involvement, mainly aortic, subclavian and vertebral artery, appears to be common in patients with cranial GCA. In addition, recent studies have suggested that GCA quite often manifests exclusively in large arteries, i.e. the aorta and proximal branches, with specific signs or symptoms frequently not present. This has been referred to as ‘silent’ or ‘extracranial’ GCA. Diagnostic delay in extracranial GCA, i.e. without cranial manifestations, is a potential source of disease burden and complications. The goal of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on large-artery involvement in GCA which, for the purpose of this review, is further referred to as extracranial GCA.
The Future of Long-term LNG Contracts

Abstract Long-term contracts have long dominated the international market for LNG. Since 2000, however, the proportion of LNG-traded spot or under short-term contracts has grown substantially, while long-term contracts have become more flexible. While long-term contracts increase the debt capacity of large, long-lived, capital investments by reducing cash flow variability, they also may limit the ability of the contracting parties to take advantage of profitable ephemeral trading opportunities. After developing a model that illustrates these trade-offs, we argue that increased LNG market liquidity resulting from a number of exogenous changes is likely to encourage much greater volume and destination flexibility in contracts and increased reliance on short-term and spot market trades. These changes would, in turn, reinforce the initial increase in market liquidity.
Erfassung von Krankheitsangst mit dem Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits (MIHT)

Zusammenfassung. Das „Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits (MIHT)” (Longley, Watson & Noyes, 2005) ist eine Selbstbeurteilungsskala zur mehrdimensionalen Erfassung von Krankheitsangst (KA) in der Allgemeinbevolkerung. Das MIHT basiert auf kognitiv-behavioralen Modellvorstellungen zur KA und umfasst vier Subskalen: Die kognitive Subskala erfasst die „hypochondrische Entfremdung”, die aus der Uberzeugung resultiert, an einer schweren Erkrankung zu leiden. Die behaviorale Subskala erfragt die Suche nach Ruckversicherungen und sozialer Unterstutzung. Die affektive Subskala erfasst Krankheitssorgen und die perzeptuelle Subskala eine habituelle Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf korperliche Empfindungen. Die Faktorenstruktur und verschiedene Aspekte der externen Validitat einer deutschsprachigen Version des MIHT wurden anhand von zwei studentischen Stichproben gepruft. Explorative und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen belegen in guter Ubereinstimmung mit der englischen Version die vierfaktorielle Subska.
Impact of Student Teaching On the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs of Preservice Elementary Teachers

Much attention, both nationally and internationally, has been given to mathematics teaching and student mathematical performance (e.g. No Child Left Behind Act (2001), National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1991, 2000) standards, Common Core State Standards Initiative, Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (2013), and Program of International Student Assessment PISA (2013)). Teachers of mathematics have come under greater scrutiny and demands for student success have been placed upon them. Research has shown that teacher efficacy and mathematics teaching efficacy, forms of self-efficacy beliefs (Bandura, 1977, 1997), can have a positive impact on teaching and learning. Yet, there has been limited research on the mathematics teacher efficacy of preservice elementary teachers (Swars, 2005). This study examined the impact of the student teaching experience on the mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs of preservice elementary teachers. What happens to the level of mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs of preservice teachers during the student teaching experience? What are the characteristics of preservice teachers with low and high levels of efficacy beliefs? What factors from the student teaching experience influenced efficacy beliefs? A qualitative case study (Merriam, 2009) with an embedded survey was used to address the previous questions. The results of this study demonstrate that mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs of preservice teachers rose significantly during the student teaching experience. However, the change was not uniform. Personal mathematics teaching efficacy (PMTE) increased significantly. Although mathematics teaching outcome expectancy (MTOE) increased, it was not significant. Furthermore, the research indicates four characteristics influenced mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs: attitude toward mathematics, use of manipulatives, motivation to teach, and persistence. Four factors appear to impact the development of efficacy beliefs of preservice teachers: prior experiment with mathematics, student teaching experience, relationship with cooperating teacher, and students served by the preservice teachers. INDEX WORDS: Mathematics teaching efficacy, Preservice teachers IMPACT OF STUDENT TEACHING ON THE MATHEMATICS TEACHING EFFICACY BELIEFS OF PRESERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS by DON K. BROWN
Implantable microelectronic devices

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science CE-MS-2005-06 In recent years, biomedical engineering has seen phenomenal technological achievements. A particular subfield biomedical, microelectronic implants has emerged and, in time, gained much momentum. Starting with the implantable pacemaker some 50 years ago, such devices have been increasingly investigated over the last two decades, resulting in a plethora of actual systems of diverse capabilities and for various biomedical applications. However, the special nature of the implant application environment, i.e. the inside of the human body, poses many stringent design constraints, the two most important being low power consumption and small implant size. These have traditionally limited the design space of implant researchers and developers. Nonetheless, over the last few years, phenomenal advances in microelectronic technology, featuring ultra-low-power transistors of miniature size, have somewhat relaxed these two constraints, and have redefined what is ”feasible” and what is not in implant design. Thus, new design approaches can now be investigated for developing new generations of powerful, multi-featured, tiny implants. To this end, a clear view of the current state of the art must, first, be acquired. By studying existing implementations and design choices, any deficiencies or overlooked issues as well as potentials or hidden trends can be successfully identified. The microelectronic technology being the vehicle, such an (unprecedented) study will be the basis for any future implementations. Motivated by the above observations, in this thesis we assume two tasks. Firstly, we perform a broad and scrutinous survey of existing implantable systems over a period of, approximately, 20 years. In this survey we collect, organize, at times clarify and, finally, report information for each studied system. As a second task and based on the findings of the survey, an exhaustive classification of the studied systems is presented and complemented with an in-depth annotation of the findings. Observations are made and general conclusions are drawn. Implantable microelectronic devices A comprehensive study
Numerical study of the chiral 
Z3
 quantum phase transition in one spatial dimension

Recent experiments on a one-dimensional chain of trapped alkali-metal atoms [Bernien et al., Nature (London) 551, 579 (2017)] have observed a quantum transition associated with the onset of period-3 ordering of pumped Rydberg states. This spontaneous ${\mathbb{Z}}_{3}$ symmetry breaking is described by a constrained model of hard-core bosons proposed by Fendley et al. [Phys. Rev. B 69, 075106 (2004)]. By symmetry arguments, the transition is expected to be in the universality class of the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{3}$ chiral clock model with parameters preserving both time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries. We study the nature of the order--disorder transition in these models and numerically calculate its critical exponents with exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization-group techniques. We use finite-size scaling to determine the dynamical critical exponent $z$ and the correlation length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$. Our analysis presents the only known instance of a strongly coupled generic transition between gapped states with $z\ensuremath{\ne}1$, implying an underlying nonconformal critical-field theory.
Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri II Dersinde Gerçekleştirilen Mikro-Öğretim Uygulamalarının Kimya Öğretmen Adayları Tarafından Değerlendirilmesi

Bu calismanin amaci, kimya ogretmen adaylarinin Ozel Ogretim Yontemleri-II (OOY-II) dersi cercevesinde gerceklestirdikleri mikro-ogretim uygulamalarina ve bu dersin islenisine yonelik goruslerinin belirlenmesidir. Fenomenografik arastirma dogasina uygun olarak tasarlanan calismanin orneklemini bir egitim fakultesinin kimya ogretmenligi programi OOYII dersine kayitli 24 ogretmen adayi olusturmaktadir. Mikro-ogretim yonteminin kullanildigi OOY-II derslerinin sonunda, ogretmen adaylarindan kendi ogretimlerini ve OOY-II dersinin islenisini degerlendirmeleri amaciyla arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen ve acik uclu 10 sorudan olusan bir anketi cevaplandirmalari istenmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin ankete verdikleri cevaplar icerik analizine tabi tutulmustur. Ogretmen adaylarinin en cok uzerinde durduklari konulardan biri “heyecan” olmustur. OOY-II dersinin islenisine yonelik ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri incelendiginde ise en sik belirtilen ifadenin uygulamanin ogretmen adaylarinin ozdegerlendirme yapmalarina imkân taniyarak, ogretimleri ile ilgili olumlu ve eksik yonleri belirlemelerine yardim etmesi oldugu gorulmektedir. Bununla birlikte OOY-II dersinde gercek bir sinifa ogretim yapmadigindan bazi ogretmen adaylari bu durumun ogretimlerini olumsuz etkiledigini belirtmislerdir.
Randomized trial of use of incentive to increase the response rate to a mailed survey

Low response rates, especially among health -care professionals, are a common problem in mailed survey research. Wc conducted a randonUzed trial to examine th e:: effec ts of cash incentives on response ratcs. A total of 3,335 Chinese medicine practitioners were randomized to one o f two interventions accompanying a mailed survey no incentive (n= 1,667), and monetary incentives in two levels at HKS 20, and J-IKS 30 (n:;834 in each group) on receipt of the returned questionnaire. The response rates were higher among those offered incentives than those without (34.7% vs. 28.5%. X l :; 14.34, p<O.OO t). but no significant differences were found between incentives at I-JKS 20 and HKS 30 (X2:;0.16, 1'=0.69). Although offered incentives can increase response rates, no incentive was the most cost-effective, in terms of cost per respondent (HKS21.90 per rcspondem). l-iowever, this study focuses o n CMPs, the findings may not represent the respo nse rate fo r all health-care professions in Hong Kong. In fact, the larges t population in the heahh care system in Hong Kong is nurses. lberefore, we cannot conclude that a money enclosure would have been more effective for all health-care professionals. Also, further systematic study of the effects of different incentive strategies in other related research should be encouraged.
Controls on the early Holocene collapse of the Bothnian Sea Ice Stream

New high‐resolution multibeam data in the Gulf of Bothnia reveal for the first time the subglacial environment of a Bothnian Sea Ice Stream. The geomorphological record suggests that increased meltwater production may have been important in driving rapid retreat of Bothnian Sea Ice during deglaciation. Here we apply a well‐established, one‐dimensional flow line model to simulate ice flow through the Gulf of Bothnia and investigate controls on retreat of the ice stream during the post‐Younger Dryas deglaciation of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The relative influence of atmospheric and marine forcings are investigated, with the modeled ice stream exhibiting much greater sensitivity to surface melting, implemented through surface mass balance and hydrofracture‐induced calving, than to submarine melting or relative sea level change. Such sensitivity is supported by the presence of extensive meltwater features in the geomorphological record. The modeled ice stream does not demonstrate significant sensitivity to changes in prescribed ice stream width or overall bed slope, but local variations in basal topography and ice stream width result in nonlinear retreat of the grounding line, notably demonstrating points of short‐lived retreat slowdown on reverse bed slopes. Retreat of the ice stream was most likely governed by increased ice surface meltwater production, with the modeled retreat rate less sensitive to marine forcings despite the marine setting.
A Study on Handwritten Signature Verification Approaches

 Abstract— People are comfortable with pen and papers for authentication and authorization in legal transactions. Due to increasing the amount of handwritten signatures it is very essential that a person offline hand written signature to be identified uniquely. A signature is a behavioural biometric characterized by behavioural trait that a writer learns and acquires over a period of time and becomes his unique identity This paper explains the significance of offline systems and presents the survey of various approaches being followed in different areas. This being a nascent area under research, the survey covers some of the examples of the ways.
Experimental Furcal Perforation

expression in mice after experimental furcal perforation. BALB/c mice (n=5) were subjected to induced furcal drilling of the maxillary first molar followed by MTA sealing in the left side (experimental group) and paraffin sealing in the right side (control group). Animals were euthanized at 7, 14 and 21 days after sealing the perforations. The expression levels of the IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β and RANKL genes were investigated by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the teeth and surrounding tissues. In the experimental groups, after the 7th day, there was a down-regulation of the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-4 compared to the 14th day (p<0.05). In these groups, the mRNA levels of RANKL, IFN-γ and TNF-α were statistically higher after 14 days compared to 21 days post-MTA sealing (p<0.05). The level of IL-10 mRNA was increased at the 21st day (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of TGF-β did not exhibit any statistically relevant results. There was a statistical down-regulation of IL-4 gene expressions when control and experimental groups were compared at days 7 and 21. In conclusion, MTA sealing favored the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intermediate phase of the immuno-inflammatory response (14th day). The reduction of these cytokines in later phase of the response was probably due to immunoregulation by IL-10. Experimental Furcal Perforation T r ea t ed w i th MTA: Ana ly s i s o f t h e Cy t o k i n e Exp r e s s i on
The co-evolution of nativist beliefs and tolerant attitudes

The paper by Newson and Richerson once again shows that theories of cultural evolution can throw a genuinely original light on the important societal changes of our time. We are therefore very curious to know how Newson and Richerson conceive of the relation between their hypothesis and other recent work on the cultural evolution of liberal and conservative values (see for example Acerbi, Enquist & Ghirlanda 2009 and Eriksson & Strimling 2015). That said, we will concentrate on another issue, namely how the changes in attitudes towards homosexuality go hand in hand with changes in our beliefs about the etiology and nature of homosexuality. Newson and Richerson already hint at this topic in their paper when they write:
the role of patents and licenses in securing external finance for innovation.

Financing constraints have been discussed as a major obstacle to innovation. Small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups are particularly concerned by such impediments. Venture capital has emerged as a partial solution in some countries, but is only available for start-up firms with major growth potential. Recently, new intermediaries have attempted to provide external finance to innovative firms based on the firms’ patent portfolios. Patents have been used as collateral or as assets assembled in patent funds seeking to commercialize the patent rights. Patent auctions are indicative of a nascent market for patented technology. This paper presents an overview on the role of patents and licenses, both in the classical sense and as instruments for financing innovation. It also discusses implications of these developments for public policy and the design of patent systems.