Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Functional Evaluation of Future Wheelchairs Contributing to Ecological Aid in Traveling

In Japan, it has been becoming necessary to improve transportation environments suitable for elderly people and physically challenged people. But basic solutions based on an improvement in many infrastructures have political, economical and ecological limitations. So, we have to make other social strategies for creating universal transportation environments for the future. In this research, we had three persons disabled in their legs use "iBOT™", a transporter which empowers you to climb curbs and easily traverse grass gravel, sand, mud, puddles and other forms of uneven terrain and enables you to climb up and down stairs. As a result, it has been clarified that "iBOT™" gives them the following ideas: (A) lengthening average time needed in traveling, (B) diversifying their purposes of traveling (C) giving them more chances to travel without using buses and their own cars. Moreover this study has clarified the social interface of "iBOT™" and some technical points for improvement in Japan. We suggest a new solution for creating efficient and ecological universal transport environments by using the future wheelchairs.
To Everything There Is a Season: Carbon Pricing, Research Subsidies, and the Transition to Fossil-Free Energy

We develop a climate policy model with directed technological change (DTC) in the energy sector. The model delivers both analytical and numerical results that give a clear understanding of the respective roles of research subsidies and emissions pricing. By contrast to existing models with DTC, ours is close in structure to recent integrated assessment models, leading to dramatically different results. Although clean-research subsidies are substantial initially, they subsequently decline whereas emissions taxes increase without bound. Furthermore, emissions taxes are far more important than research subsidies: in our baseline parameterization, a regulator unable to tax can only achieve 36% of potential benefits, whereas a regulator unable to subsidize can achieve 91% of potential benefits.
Imaging Cerenkov emission as a quality assurance tool in electron radiotherapy

A new potential quality assurance (QA) method is explored (including assessment of depth dose, dose linearity, dose rate linearity and beam profile) for clinical electron beams based on imaging Cerenkov light. The potential of using a standard commercial camera to image Cerenkov light generated from electrons in water for fast QA measurement of a clinical electron beam was explored and compared to ionization chamber measurements. The new method was found to be linear with dose and independent of dose rate (to within 3%). The uncorrected practical range measured in Cerenkov images was found to overestimate the actual value by 3 mm in the worst case. The field size measurements underestimated the dose at the edges by 5% without applying any correction factor. Still, the measured field size could be used to monitor relative changes in the beam profile. Finally, the beam-direction profile measurements were independent of the field size within 2%. A simulation was also performed of the deposited energy and of Cerenkov production in water using GEANT4. Monte Carlo simulation was used to predict the measured light distribution around the water phantom, to reproduce Cerenkov images and to find the relation between deposited energy and Cerenkov production. The camera was modelled as a pinhole camera in GEANT4, to attempt to reproduce Cerenkov images. Simulations of the deposited energy and the Cerenkov light production agreed with each other for a pencil beam of electrons, while for a realistic field size, Cerenkov production in the build-up region overestimated the dose by +8%.
Pairs trading across Mainland China and Hong Kong stock markets

Motivated by the rationale that market inefficiency arises from a combination of less than fully rational demand and limits to arbitrage, this paper investigates the profitability of pairs trading across Mainland China and Hong Kong on highly liquid large-cap and midcap stocks from January 1996 to July 2017. We have three main findings. First, we find that pairs trading constrained within each market generates no significant abnormal returns. However, if investors can trade across Mainland China and Hong Kong, pairs trading is profitable after adjusting for risk and transaction costs, where the annualized abnormal return is 9% over the full sample. Second, by using a rolling-window regression, we find that the profitability of the strategy is time-varying. The bootstrap simulations suggest that the decline in profitability of the strategy since 2012 is due to random chance rather than poor ability of identifying mispriced stocks. However, the vast majority of profitable periods reflect the strategy's ability to choose profitable stocks rather than random chance. Third, the profitability of the strategy is somewhat sensitive to market conditions, most notably, the strategy is more profitable during longer term market turbulence. Overall, our empirical findings are consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis in that the integration of financial markets and market conditions determine the level of market efficiency.
The functional duality of HoxB4 in hematopoietic reconstituting cells

Transplantation of CD34+ hematopoietic reconstituting cells (HRC) is an important treatment modality. The cells needed for clinical hematopoietic reconstitution after myeloablation most commonly derive from bone marrow which have been mobilized into the peripheral blood. The number of CD34+ cells in mobilized blood samples is used to indicate the appropriateness of transplantation although it does not evaluate the two necessary functions for successful transplantation: long‐term reconstitution mediated by cells with self‐renewing proliferation and short‐term hematopoietic differentiation mediated by progenitor cells. Using a novel high‐resolution immunophenotyping technology on a flow cytometric platform, we have assessed uniformly mobilized CD34+ cells for expression levels of 16 molecules previously associated with HRC function and sought correlations of these expression data with functional short‐term assays for colony formation that do predict successful transplantation. We found that colony‐forming units were significantly correlated with HoxB4 expression, which was explained by the number of CD34+ cells in the samples. However, analysis of colony‐forming units normalized to the CD34+ cell count revealed a significant negative correlation with HoxB4 expression. Thus, increased levels of HoxB4 enhance CD34+ cell number via self‐renewing expansion but concomitantly depreciate the capacity for short‐term differentiation per cell. Our findings demonstrate the translation of experimental findings into a clinical setting and suggest that the expression level of HoxB4 in CD34+ cells can be used as a measure of a sample's appropriateness for transplantation. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Myocardial Structural Associations With Local Electrograms: A Study of Postinfarct Ventricular Tachycardia Pathophysiology and Magnetic Resonance–Based Noninvasive Mapping

Background— The association of scar on late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) with local electrograms on electroanatomic mapping has been investigated. We aimed to quantify these associations to gain insights regarding LGE-CMR image characteristics of tissues and critical sites that support postinfarct ventricular tachycardia (VT). Methods and Results— LGE-CMR was performed in 23 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy before VT ablation. Left ventricular wall thickness and postinfarct scar thickness were measured in each of 20 sectors per LGE-CMR short-axis plane. Electroanatomic mapping points were retrospectively registered to the corresponding LGE-CMR images. Multivariable regression analysis, clustered by patient, revealed significant associations among left ventricular wall thickness, postinfarct scar thickness, and intramural scar location on LGE-CMR, and local endocardial electrogram bipolar/unipolar voltage, duration, and deflections on electroanatomic mapping. Anteroposterior and septal/lateral scar localization was also associated with bipolar and unipolar voltage. Antiarrhythmic drug use was associated with electrogram duration. Critical sites of postinfarct VT were associated with >25% scar transmurality, and slow conduction sites with >40 ms stimulus-QRS time were associated with >75% scar transmurality. Conclusions— Critical sites for maintenance of postinfarct VT are confined to areas with >25% scar transmurality. Our data provide insights into the structural substrates for delayed conduction and VT and may reduce procedural time devoted to substrate mapping, overcome limitations of invasive mapping because of sampling density, and enhance magnetic resonance–based ablation by feature extraction from complex images.
The impact of antistigma education on the attitudes of general practitioners regarding schizophrenia *

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the views and attitudes of general practitioners (GP) with respect to schizophrenia, and the changes in their attitudes after antistigma education. A total of 106 GPs working in 71 health institutions were included in the study. A questionnaire of 16 items, focussing on doctors’ views and attitudes towards schizophrenia, was applied. Questions were about the views and attitudes of doctors towards general myths related to schizophrenia. Doctors were asked to select one of two responses: ‘I agree’ or ‘I disagree’, for statements such as ‘schizophrenic patients cannot work’ and ‘schizophrenic patients are aggressive and dangerous’. After completing the questionnaire, all the GPs were given a single session of antistigma education. The questionnaire was repeated 3 months after training meetings in a subsample of 54 GPs which represented the whole sample in terms of gender, age, and years in medical practice. The authors found statistically significant, positive changes on five items out of the 16 items in the post‐test survey when compared to attitudes before training, including items about the treatability of schizophrenia, harmfulness and untrustworthiness of schizophrenic patients. The authors’ findings suggest that one antistigma education session, supported by the distribution of related documents, can improve GPs attitudes towards schizophrenia.
Chinese guidelines for childhood asthma 2016: Major updates, recommendations and key regional data

ABSTRACT Objective: With increased industrialization and urbanization in China, pediatric asthma is becoming more prevalent. Despite a growing body of evidence, there remains a significant unmet need for adequate management of childhood asthma. The Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases of the Society of Pediatrics, the Chinese Medical Association, and the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Pediatrics have recently updated the “Guidelines for diagnosis and optimal management of asthma in children,” first published in 2008. Methods: This article reviews the major updates to the guidelines and covers the main recommendations for diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of pediatric asthma in China. Key regional data on epidemiology, clinical features, disease burden, knowledge among children and parents, and risk factors including pollution are provided to contextualize the recommendations. Results: The major updates to the guidelines include: (1) A more practical definition of asthma; (2) assessment of asthma control that takes into account both current symptom control and future risk; (3) classification based on disease severity that corresponds with treatment step; (4) differentiation between difficult-to-treat and poorly controlled asthma; (5) an open-ended approach to pharmacological management; and (6) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in mild- to moderate-persistent asthma. Conclusions: The updated “Guidelines for the diagnosis and optimal management of asthma in children (2016)” combine the latest national and international clinical evidence and experience to provide practical and reliable recommendations to Chinese clinicians.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

within the context of an international framework that shapes related actions and decisions at all levels.1 This framework is defined here as the spectrum of agreements, mechanisms, instruments and actors governing and driving climate change action globally. The overall structure of this framework is complex and multidimensional in that it is comprised of elements that are quite different and distinct in many of their functions and approaches, constituencies, scope and focus.2 While international agreements negotiated by national governments such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol remain crucial aspects of the framework, they are not the only mechanisms governing climate change action. Other layers of intervention have become equally important in implementing innovative climate change responses and policies, including those at the regional, subnational and local levels. Cities have a vital role to play in the implementation and achievement of commitments within the international climate change framework. They also stand to benefit from the opportunities created by this framework for local responses to climate change. Yet, local-level actors and authorities often lack an understanding of the nature and functioning of the various components of the international climate change framework and how they could utilize these to enhance their mitigation and adaptation strategies. For instance, many decision-makers operating at the city level lack a working knowledge of the opportunities and constraints associated with international financing options, including those established as part of the UNFCCC.3 In view of this, the aim of this chapter is to highlight the key elements of the international climate change framework and its effects on interventions at the local level. It is also intended to frame discussions of climate change conditions, trends and policies in the rest of this Global Report. The chapter starts by briefly describing the process by which climate change emerged as an issue of international concern culminating in the establishment of the UNFCCC as the key element of the international regime governing climate change issues. The core mechanisms, instruments and financing strategies of this Convention are then outlined. The Kyoto Protocol is also reviewed as the main international treaty with legally binding emission reduction commitments. Subsequently, the key actors, components and actions of climate governance at the international, regional, national and sub-national levels are considered. Finally, the implications of the international climate change framework for local action at the city level are outlined.
Revised national guidelines for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for bilirubin in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage †

Abstract It is crucially important to detect subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in all patients in whom it has occurred to select patients for angiography and preventative surgery. A computerized tomography (CT) scan is positive in up to 98% of patients with SAH presenting within 12 h, but is positive in only 50% of those presenting within one week. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bilirubin spectrophotometry can be used to determine the need for angiography in those few CT-negative patients in whom clinical suspicion of SAH remains high; it may remain positive up to two weeks after the event. A lumbar puncture (LP) should only be performed >12 h after the onset of presenting symptoms. Whenever possible collect sequential specimens. Always ensure that the least blood-stained CSF sample taken (usually the last) is sent for bilirubin analysis. Protect the CSF from light and avoid vacuum tube transport systems, if possible. Always use spectrophotometry in preference to visual inspection. All CSF specimens are precious and should always be analysed unless insufficient sample is received. Centrifuge the specimen at >2000 rpm for 5 min as soon as possible after receipt in the laboratory. Store the supernatant at 4°C in the dark until analysis. An increase in CSF bilirubin is the key finding, which supports the occurrence of SAH but is not specific for this. In most positive cases, bilirubin will occur with oxyhaemoglobin.
Disparities in influenza treatment among disabled Medicaid patients in Georgia.

OBJECTIVES We explored possible disparities in seasonal influenza treatment in Georgia's disabled Medicaid population. We sought to determine whether racial/ethnic, geographic, or gender disparities existed in antiviral drugs usage in the treatment of influenza. METHODS Medicaid claims were analyzed from 69 556 clients with disabilities enrolled in a Georgia Medicaid disease management program. RESULTS There were 519 patients who met inclusion criteria (i.e., adults aged 18-64 years with an influenza diagnosis on a 2006 or 2007 Medicaid claim). Roughly one third (36.2%) of patients were classified as African American, 44.5% as White, and 19.3% as "other. " Most patients had 2 or more comorbid chronic diseases. Antivirals were used in only 14.5% of patients diagnosed with influenza. Treatment rates were nearly 3 times higher for White patients (19.5%) than for African American patients (6.9%). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests limited use of antiviral treatment of influenza overall, as well as significant racial disparities in treatment. Additional studies are needed to further explore this finding and its implications for care of racial/ethnic minority populations during seasonal influenza and for effective pandemic influenza planning for racial/ethnic minority populations.
A human common nuclear matrix protein homologous to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A.

Amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed identity of a human nuclear matrix protein, termed hNMP 265, with a predicted protein of gene KIAA0111. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and Northern hybridization showed the protein to ubiquitously occur in various human cell types. Exhibiting DEAD-box motifs characteristic for RNA helicases, hNMP 265 is highly similar to the human initiation factors eIF4A-I and -II. On the other hand, hNMP 265 greatly differs from the initiation factors by a N-terminal sequence rich in charged amino acids. Sequence searches and alignments indicate proteins related to hNMP 265 in other eukaryotes. Chimeras between hNMP 265 and green fluorescence protein or hapten appeared as speckles in extranucleolar regions in the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm. Experiments with tagged deletion mutants indicated that the N-terminal amino acid sequence is necessary for nuclear localization. A putative role of hNMP 265 in pre-mRNA processing is discussed.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CURRENT FASHION TRENDS AMONG YOUTH

TRENDS AMONG YOUTH SHIRESHA MANYAM , MARY SWARNALATHA. A 2 & ALAPATI PADMA 3 Research Scholar, Department of Apparel & Textiles, College of Home Science, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Professor, Home Science (Home Extension Communicati on Management), PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Principal Scientist, AICRP-Home Science (Clothing & Textiles), PG & RC, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, In dia ABSTRACT
Identification of Self through Olfaction

To study olfactory communication in humans, 100 undergraduates ranging from age 18 to 45 yr. wore freshly washed, identical T- shirts continuously for 24 hr. During this time, the participants did not bathe or shower or apply any scent producing substance to their bodies, i.e., deodorants, perfumes. Upon retrieval, each shirt was placed in an identical brown bag. In groups of 10, each participant attempted to identify the T-shirt he had worn the previous 24 hr. The task was administered separately for each individual so that no participants knew the choice by a previous colleague. Analysis shows that the participants were able to identify correctly their own shirts on the first try three-quarters of the time. Furthermore, sex, age, smoking habit of the participant, and menstrual cycle phase in the women were factors in successful outcomes.
Sense of Belonging in Computing: The Role of Introductory Courses for Women and Underrepresented Minority Students

This study examines an aspect of gender and racial/ethnic gaps in undergraduate computing by focusing on sense of belonging among women and underrepresented minority (URM) introductory computing students. We examine change in sense of belonging during the introductory course as well as the predictors of belonging, with attention to conditional effects by gender and URM status. Results show that sense of belonging outcomes are a product of both incoming student characteristics and college environments and experiences, highlighting the important role the computing faculty play in fostering belonging. These and other findings are discussed, focusing on sense of belonging among women, URM students, and URM women.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Associated Polymorphic Lymphoproliferative Disorders

The majority of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are clinically aggressive monoclonal B-cell Burkitt's lymphomas, large cell lymphomas, or immunoblastic lymphomas. In contrast, the lymphoid proliferations arising in solid organ transplant recipients, collectively referred to as posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PT-LPDs), represent a clinically and histopathologically heterogeneous group of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven B-cell proliferations of variable clonal composition. During a retrospective histopathologic review of lymphoid proliferations associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection we identified 10 cases that morphologically resemble the polymorphic PT-LPDs. They arose in lymph nodes (five), lungs (two), and the parotid gland, perineum, and skin (one each). They exhibit a diffuse growth pattern and are composed of a polymorphic lymphoid cell population exhibiting a variable degree of plasmacytic differentiation, cytologic atypia, and numbers of atypical immunoblasts. A clonal B-cell population was detected by immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene rearrangement and/or EBV terminal repeat analysis in 8 of the 10 (80%) cases by Southern blotting. The nongermline hybridizing bands were usually faint, however, suggesting that the clonal B-cell population represented only a subpopulation within the polymorphic lesion. Strong clonal rearrangement bands were present in one case in which there was clear morphologic evidence of transformation to diffuse large cell lymphoma. This case exhibited C-MYC, BCL-6, and p53 gene mutations. One other case exhibited a p53 gene mutation. The remaining eight cases lacked C-MYC, BCL-6, RAS, and p53 gene alterations. Clonal EBV infection was detected in 4 of the 10 (40%) lesions. Like EBV-containing PT-LPDs, all four EBV-positive HIV-associated polymorphic lesions were associated with type A EBV. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus was detectable in two cases by polymerase chain reaction analysis, but not by Southern blotting. In situ hybridization demonstrated Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in some of the cytologically malignant-appearing cells. In conclusion, polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders comparable morphologically and molecularly to those arising after solid organ transplantation also occur in association with HIV infection. As in the case of their polymorphic PT-LPD counterparts, their malignant status, biologic significance, and relationship to monomorphic B-cell lymphomas remain to be elucidated.