Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Necdin, A Postmitotic Neuron-specific Growth Suppressor, Interacts with Viral Transforming Proteins and Cellular Transcription Factor E2F1*

Necdin is a nuclear protein expressed in virtually all postmitotic neurons, and ectopic expression of this protein strongly suppresses the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells. Simian virus 40 large T antigen targets both p53 and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) for cellular transformation. By analogy with the interactions of the large T antigen with these nuclear growth suppressors, we examined the ability of necdin to bind to the large T antigen. Necdin was co-immunoprecipitated with the large T antigen from the nuclear extract of necdin cDNA-transfected COS-1 cells. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding analyses revealed that necdin bound to an amino-terminal region of the large T antigen, which encompasses the Rb-binding domain. Moreover, necdin bound to adenovirus E1A, another viral oncoprotein that forms a specific complex with Rb. We then examined the ability of necdin to bind to the transcription factor E2F1, a cellular Rb-binding factor involved in cell-cycle progression. Intriguingly, necdin, like Rb, bound to a carboxyl-terminal domain of E2F1, and repressed E2F-dependent transactivation in vivo. In addition, necdin suppressed the colony formation of Rb-deficient SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells. These results suggest that necdin is a postmitotic neuron-specific growth suppressor that is functionally similar to Rb.
Oxidative stress contributes to methotrexate-induced small intestinal toxicity in rats

Background: Gastrointestinal toxicity is one of the most serious side effects in the methotrexate (MTX) treatment. However, the mechanism of the toxicity has not been completely clarified, which may be the reason why symptomatic therapy is carried out. On the other hand, the oxidative stress is known to play an important role in various diseases and drug-induced side effects. In this study the focus was on the oxidative stress in order to clarify the mechanism of MTX-induced small intestinal damage, especially neutrophil infiltration. Methods: MTX (20 mg/kg body wt) was administered to rats intravenously. Mucosal homogenates were prepared from the small intestine and used for assay of biochemical parameters, by which induction of oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated. N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 80 mg/kg body wt), an antioxidant or sodium tungstate (tungsten; 0.7 g/kg body wt), an inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase (XD)/xanthine oxidase (XO) known as an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was given to rats with MTX to investigate the contribution of ROS to neutrophil infiltration. Results: The MTX treatment of rats induced the oxidative stress in the small intestine. The ROS production was seen preceding an increase of myeloperoxidase activity, which suggested neutrophil infiltration. Both treatments of NAC and tungsten prevented the MTX-induced ROS production and neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions: These results suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the MTX-induced small intestinal damage, especially neutrophil infiltration. Thus, the modulation of oxidative stress would be useful in reducing intestinal damage in MTX treatment.
Towards an Automated Comparison of OpenStreetMap with Authoritative Road Datasets

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an extraordinarily large and diverse spatial database of the world. Road networks are amongst the most frequently occurring spatial content within the OSM database. These road network representations are usable in many applications. However the quality of these representations can vary between locations. Comparing OSM road networks with authoritative road datasets for a given area or region is an important task in assessing OSM's fitness for use for applications like routing and navigation. Such comparisons can be technically challenging and no software implementation exists which facilitates them easily and automatically. In this article we develop and propose a flexible methodology for comparing the geometry of OSM road network data with other road datasets. Quantitative measures for the completeness and spatial accuracy of OSM are computed, including the compatibility of OSM road data with other map databases. Our methodology provides users with significant flexibility in how they can adjust the parameterization to suit their needs. This software implementation is exclusively built on open source software and a significant degree of automation is provided for these comparisons. This software can subsequently be extended and adapted for comparison between OSM and other external road datasets.
EFFECTS OF NAFTIDROFURYL ON ISOLATED PERFUSED KIDNEYS OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

1. Experiments were designed to determine the effects of low concentrations (5–500 nmol/L) of naftidrofuryl, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) antagonist, on renal functions and prostanoid synthesis responses to noradrenaline (NA) and 5‐HT. Isolated kidneys of 8 week old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were perfused at a constant flow rate in a single‐pass system.
Tenofovir diphosphate concentrations and prophylactic effect in a macaque model of rectal simian HIV transmission.

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the relationship between intracellular tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and prophylactic efficacy in a macaque model for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). METHODS Macaques were challenged with simian HIV (SHIV) via rectal inoculation once weekly for up to 14 weeks. A control group (n=34) received no drug, a second group (n=6) received oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine 3 days before each virus challenge and a third group (n=6) received the same dosing plus another dose 2 h after virus challenge. PBMCs were collected just before each weekly virus challenge. The relationship between tenofovir diphosphate in PBMCs and prophylactic efficacy was assessed with a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The percentages of animals infected in the control, one-dose and two-dose groups were 97, 83 and 17, respectively. The mean (SD) steady-state tenofovir diphosphate concentration (fmol/10(6) cells) was 15.8 (7.6) in the one-dose group and 30.7 (10.1) in the two-dose group. Each 5 fmol tenofovir diphosphate/10(6) cells was associated with a 40% (95% CI 17%-56%) reduction in risk of SHIV acquisition, P=0.002. The tenofovir diphosphate concentration associated with a 90% reduction in risk (EC90) was 22.6 fmol/10(6) cells (95% CI 13.8-60.8). CONCLUSIONS The prophylactic EC90 for tenofovir diphosphate identified in macaques exposed rectally compares well with the EC90 previously identified in men who have sex with men (MSM; 16 fmol/10(6) cells, 95% CI 3-28). These results highlight the relevance of this model to inform human PrEP studies of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for MSM.
Quantification Error Versus Location Error in Comparison of Categorical Maps

This paper analyzes quantification error versus location error in a comparison between two cellular maps that show a categorical variable. Quantification error occurs when the quantity of cells of a particular category in one map is different from the quantity of cells of that category in the other map. Location error occurs when the location of a category in one map is different from the location of that category in the other map. The standard Kappa index of agreement is usually not appropriate for map comparison. This paper offers alternative statistics: (1) proportion correct with p e ~ e c t ability to specify location, (2) proportion correct with pegect ability to specify quantity, (3) Kappa for no ability, (4) Kappa for location, and (5) Kappa for quantity. These statistics can help scientists improve classification. This paper applies these theoretical concepts to the validation of a land-use change model for the Zpswich Watershed in Massachusetts. Introduction The growth of GIS and remote sensing has made it increasingly necessary to develop statistical measurements of agreement between cellular maps (Congalton and Green, 1993). During a comparison, one map is usually considered reality and the other map is simulated by a model or satellite. The goal of the comparison is to measure the agreement between the two maps. This paper addresses a situation where both maps show a categorical variable, such as land type. Creation of a contingency table is usually the first step in the objective comparison of maps (Congalton and Green, 1999). Table 1 shows the layout for a J-by-Jcontingency table, where Jis the number of categories in each map. Each map grid cell is classified according to both its category in the reality map and its category in the simulated map. The entries of Table 1 give proportions of the study area. The "total" row at the bottom shows the marginal distribution of the quantity of grid cells in reality. The "total" column on the right shows the marginal distribution of the quantity of grid cells in the simulation. The sum of the main diagonal gives the proportion correct classification for the entire study area. At first glance, the proportion correct classification seems to be a straightforward statistic, but it is tricky to interpret because a surprisingly high number of cells can be classified correctly due to chance. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate the expected proportion correct classification due to chance in an index of agreement. Equation 1 gives one of the most popular indices: i.e.,
Quality World Mindfulness: A Counseling Technique Designed for Members of the Community Ex-Offender Population

The author introduces an original technique designed for use within the context of a career development workshop series for community ex-offenders. The technique blends mindfulness practices and William Glasser’s quality world construct. Through the use of a case example, he illustrates the technique’s potential for enhancing a client’s sense of safety, comfort with personal self-disclosure, and self-acceptance with regard to details including drug addiction and incarceration. The author presents recommendations, limitations, and directions for future research.
On relations between covering radius and dual distance

The covering radius of a code tells us how far in the sense of Hamming distance an arbitrary word of the ambient space can be from the code. For a few decades this parameter has been widely studied. We estimate the covering ratios of a code when the dual distance is known. We derive a new bound on covering radii of linear codes. It improves essentially on the previously known estimates in a certain wide range. We also study asymptotic bounds on the cardinality of constant weight codes.
Cardiopulmonary bypass, temperature, and central nervous system dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Neurological injury is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. With the advent of warm heart surgery, the neuroprotective role of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has come under increasing scrutiny. Preliminary work by us in the area found no increased risk of neurological morbidity with normothermic CPB in a small group of patients and suggested a possible benefit. The purpose of the present study is to compare the incidence of neurological and neuropsychological dysfunction in a larger number of patients randomized to warm or cold aortocoronary bypass surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS With the approval of the institutional research ethics committee, 201 aortocoronary bypass patients were randomized to normothermic or moderate hypothermic CPB and subjected to neurological and neuropsychological evaluation. These subjects were a subset of patients enrolled in a large multicenter trial comparing warm versus cold heart surgery. The examinations took place preoperatively, 5 days after operation, and a 3-month follow-up. The examination consisted of a clinical neurological examination and a brief neuropsychological test battery. The neuropsychological tests included the Buschke selective reminding procedure, the Wechsler memory scale-revised visual reproduction subtest, the trial making test (parts A and B), the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised digit symbol subtest, and the grooved pegboard test. The examiner and subjects were unaware of the CPB temperature allocation (warm, > 34 degrees C; cold, < or = 28 degrees C). Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical software package. Two hundred one patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 155 patients completed the entire protocol and were included in the final analysis (warm group, n = 78; cold group, n = 77). One patient in the warm group died perioperatively from a massive hemispheric stroke. Another warm group patient was unable to complete neuropsychological evaluation because of a perioperative stroke. Thus, 153 patients completed the entire series of neuropsychological tests. A total of 6 patients (warm group, n = 2; cold group, n = 4; P = NS) suffered from perioperative focal neurological deficits. There was a consistent deterioration in scores from tests of psychomotor speed/coordination (trial making, digit symbol, pegboard) in the early postoperative period, which resolved by the 3-month follow-up. Tests of memory (Buschke, Wechsler memory scale) showed no evidence of patient deterioration in the postoperative period. No difference was seen between the warm and cold groups. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized trial of normothermic versus hypothermic CPB, we found deterioration in scores of tests of psychomotor speed but not of memory in the early postoperative period. We were unable to demonstrate any neuroprotective effect from moderate hypothermia in this patient population.
Percutaneous transaxillary selective coronary angiography.

The basic premise of optimal angiography is to deliver the contrast material selectively to the arterial bed under investigation. This applies to the coronary arterial bed as well as other areas of the body. In 1959, Mason Sones reported his technic of selective catheterization of the coronary arteries with a specially designed catheter (9). The coronary angiograms Sones produced are of such excellence that all other methods must be compared and evaluated with reference to his results. We have modified his basic technic (7–9) by omitting the surgical exposure of the brachial artery and open arteriotomy and substituting instead the percutaneous transaxillary Seldinger approach (2, 6). Advantages of the percutaneous transaxillary approach include those of the Seldinger technic versus open arteriotomy: the ability to re-examine the patient via the same artery, if necessary, after review of the angiogram and on an annual basis to evaluate therapeutic programs. A technical advantage is the fact that the axilla.
Action Search: Learning to Search for Human Activities in Untrimmed Videos

Traditional approaches for action detection use trimmed data to learn sophisticated action detector models. Although these methods have achieved great success at detecting human actions, we argue that huge information is discarded when ignoring the process, through which this trimmed data is obtained. In this paper, we propose Action Search, a novel approach that mimics the way people annotate activities in video sequences. Using a Recurrent Neural Network, Action Search can efficiently explore a video and determine the time boundaries during which an action occurs. Experiments on the THUMOS14 dataset reveal that our model is not only able to explore the video efficiently but also accurately find human activities, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.
Effect of chromosome location of Bacillus subtilis forespore genes on their spo gene dependence and transcription by E sigma F: identification of features of good E sigma F-dependent promoters

Translational lacZ fusions to forespore genes of Bacillus subtilis were not expressed in spoIIAC (sigma F) or spoIIIE mutants when the lacZ fusions were integrated at the loci of the same genes or at the SP beta locus. However, some of these genes, including gerA, gpr, spoIIIG (sigma G), and sspE, were expressed in spoIIIE mutants and spoIIIE spoIIIG double mutants (but not in spoIIAC mutants) when the lacZ fusions were integrated at the amyE locus. When tested, the beta-galactosidase made in these mutants was found only in the forespore, and the 5' ends of the mRNAs produced in these mutants were identical to those in a Spo+ background. Analysis of the in vitro transcription of forespore genes by RNA polymerase containing sigma F (E sigma F) revealed a direct correlation between good in vitro transcription by E sigma F and expression at the amyE locus in spoIIIE mutants. This result suggests that forespore genes are transcribed by E sigma F in spoIIIE and spoIIIE spoIIIG mutants. Comparison of the promoter regions of genes transcribed well and poorly by E sigma F in vivo and in vitro showed that good transcription by E sigma F was correlated with G residues at positions -15 and -16, a purine residue at position -13, and a T residue at position -7 relative to the start site of transcription. The importance of these residues in sigma F recognition was confirmed by analysis of the E sigma F-dependent transcription in vivo and in vitro of mutant ssp genes.
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR CHOICE BEHAVIOR IN TRANSITION : DEVELOPMENT OF PREFERENCE FOR THE HIGHER PROBABILITY OF REINFORCEMENT

Ten acquisition curves were obtained from each of 4 pigeons in a two-choice discrete-trial procedure. In each of these 10 conditions, the two response keys initially had equal probabilities of reinforcement, and subjects' choice responses were about equally divided between the two keys. Then the reinforcement probabilities were changed so that one key had a higher probability of reinforcement (the left key in half of the conditions and the right key in the other half), and in nearly every case the subjects developed a preference for this key. The rate of acquisition of preference for this key was faster when the ratio of the two reinforcement probabilities was higher. For instance, acquisition of preference was faster in conditions with reinforcement probabilities of . 12 and . 02 than in conditions with reinforcement probabilities of . 40 and . 30, even though the pairs of probabilities differed by . 10 in both cases. These results were used to evaluate the predictions of some theories of transitional behavior in choice situations. A trial-by-trial analysis of individual responses and reinforcers suggested that reinforcement had both short-term and long-term effects on choice. The short-term effect was an increased probability of returning to the same key on the one or two trials following a reinforcer. The long-term effect was a gradual increase in the proportion of responses on the key with the higher probability of reinforcement, an increase that usually continued for several hundred trials.
Two-Stage Trapezoid: A New Interpretation of the Land Surface Temperature and Fractional Vegetation Coverage Space

The land surface temperature and fractional vegetation coverage (LST/FVC) space has been widely used in modeling evapotranspiration and monitoring soil moisture. The triangle and trapezoid are two classical interpretations of the LST/FVC space. Within the triangle, the fully vegetated surface temperature (Tv) is assumed to be invariant, whereas the bare soil surface temperature (Ts) is variable. Within the trapezoid, both Tv and Ts are assumed to be variable. However, they are assumed to vary simultaneously in the conventional trapezoid. A two-stage trapezoid is suggested in this paper by considering that Tv should vary after Ts because vegetation can absorb deep soil moisture to maintain transpiration. To validate the rationality of the two-stage trapezoid, the SimSphere model is utilized to simulate the LST/FVC space. Simulations indicate that the two-stage trapezoid is more consistent with the simulated LST/FVC space. Additionally, both the two-stage trapezoid and the conventional trapezoid are compared in how well they estimate the evaporative fraction (EF) over a crop area in Yingke along the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin in China. More than 110 scenes of MODIS LST and vegetation index products were processed. Comparisons at six eddy covariance systems all indicate that the two-stage trapezoid is more effective at estimating EF. The two-stage trapezoid clearly demonstrates the evolution of the LST/FVC space from the triangular to the trapezoidal form. An uncertainty analysis indicates that it is more suitable for the areas and periods where water is the limiting factor for vegetation growth.
Superheating Effects on Metal-Silicate Partitioning of Siderophile Elements

Uquid metal—liquid silicate partition coefficients for several elements at 100 kilobars and temperatures up to about 3000 kelvin in carbon capsules experimentally converge on unity with increasing temperature. The sense of change of the partition coefficients with temperature resembles the extrapolation of Murthy and may partially contribute to, but by no means provide a complete resolution of, the "excess" siderophile problem in the Earth's mantle. Sulfur and perhaps carbon successfully compete with oxygen for sites in the metallic liquid at these temperatures and pressures. This observation casts doubt upon the hypothesis that oxygen is the light element in the Earth's core.
The impact of HPV diagnosis on women's sexual and mental health: preliminary findings.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the impact of HPV diagnosis on sexual function and mental health of Greek women. METHODS The study population included 51 patients who proceeded to the gynecological outpatient clinic of "Aretaieion" Hospital, Athens, during 2008-2009. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge on HPV, gynecological and sexual history, as well as questions regarding their mental and sexual health after the diagnosis. RESULTS Mean age of the participants was 36 years and mean age of their first Pap smear test was 24.4 years. Mean age of HPV diagnosis was 34 years and mean number of sexual partners was four. Regarding mental health, the majority experienced anxiety after the HPV diagnosis as well as fear regarding their health in the future. Nearly half of the women experienced guilt and anger and some of them distress, shame, diminution of self-esteem and stigmatization. Diminution in the level of sexual interest and desire and decrease in sexual intercourse frequency were quite often reported. CONCLUSION Except for the important physical impact of HPV infection, its diagnosis seems to trigger several negative feelings and reduce sexual desire.