Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VISUAL RESOLUTION IN CONGENITAL PENDULAR NYSTAGMUS*

&NA; For all cases of idiopathic congenital nystagmus visual acuity is reduced. This paper describes the analysis of such a system using some psychophysical methods of evaluation. Both the pattern and movement detecting responses are considered and discussed. Both of their sensitivities are found to be reduced by equivalent amounts. Future studies are outlined.
Discriminant analysis of cellular fatty acids of Candida species, Torulopsis glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans determined by gas-liquid chromatography

We used discriminant analysis of cellular fatty acid compositions determined by gas-liquid chromatography to differentiate yeastlike fungi (a total of 190 strains; including 37 Candida albicans strains, 21 Candida krusei strains, 13 Candida guilliermondii strains, 37 Candida tropicalis strains, 10 Candida pseudotropicalis strains, 24 Candida parapsilosis strains, 32 Torulopsis glabrata strains, and 16 Cryptococcus neoformans strains). Previous results with a standard strain of C. albicans indicated that reproducible fatty acid chromatograms can be obtained with cells grown in a medium of 2% Sabouraud glucose agar at 35 degrees C for between 48 and 72 h. These conditions were also maintained in cultures of the other organisms that we studied. The cellular fatty acid compositions of the organisms were determined quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography and analyzed by discriminant analysis. The total correct identification expressed as relative peak percent was 95.8% (89.2% for C. albicans to 100% for C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, and C. neoformans). The total correct identification expressed as the common peak (palmitic acid) ratio was 94.7% (87.5% for C. parapsilosis to 100% for C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, and C. neoformans). Both results suggest that cellular fatty acid compositions can be differentiated by this method.
Excessive Sugar Consumption May Be a Difficult Habit to Break: A View From the Brain and Body.

CONTEXT Sugar overconsumption and chronic stress are growing health concerns because they both may increase the risk for obesity and its related diseases. Rodent studies suggest that sugar consumption may activate a glucocorticoid-metabolic-brain-negative feedback pathway, which may turn off the stress response and thereby reinforce habitual sugar overconsumption. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test our hypothesized glucocorticoid-metabolic-brain model in women consuming beverages sweetened with either aspartame of sucrose. DESIGN This was a parallel-arm, double-masked diet intervention study. SETTING The study was conducted at the University of California, Davis, Clinical and Translational Science Center's Clinical Research Center and the University of California, Davis, Medical Center Imaging Research Center. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen women (age range 18-40 y) with a body mass index (range 20-34 kg/m(2)) who were a subgroup from a National Institutes of Health-funded investigation of 188 participants assigned to eight experimental groups. INTERVENTION The intervention consisted of sucrose- or aspartame-sweetened beverage consumption three times per day for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Salivary cortisol and regional brain responses to the Montreal Imaging Stress Task were measured. RESULTS Compared with aspartame, sucrose consumption was associated with significantly higher activity in the left hippocampus (P = .001). Sucrose, but not aspartame, consumption associated with reduced (P = .024) stress-induced cortisol. The sucrose group also had a lower reactivity to naltrexone, significantly (P = .041) lower nausea, and a trend (P = .080) toward lower cortisol. CONCLUSION These experimental findings support a metabolic-brain-negative feedback pathway that is affected by sugar and may make some people under stress more hooked on sugar and possibly more vulnerable to obesity and its related conditions.
Importance of Wet Mass Consistency in the Control of Wet Granulation by Mechanical Agitation: a Demonstration

The technique of mixer-torque rheometry has been developed and used for several years to study the rheological behaviour of wet masses (Parker et a1 1990a, b; Hancock et a1 1992; Landin et a1 1995). It has also been proposed that the wet mass consistency measured is a key parameter that can be used to scale-up wet granulation processes in pharmaceutical mixer-granulators (Cliff & Parker 1990; Rowe & Parker 1994; Landin et a1 1996; Faure et a1 1998). To demonstrate that controlling the wet mass consistency enables the reproduction of the same quality of dry granules, two batches produced under completely different conditions but to similar levels of consistency were compared in terms of their downstream dry-granule properties. Batch 1 was produced in a pilot-scale high-shear mixergranulator (Aeromatic Fielder PMA 100 L, Eastleigh, Hampshire, UK), whereas batch 2 was manufactured in a laboratory scale planetary mixer (Hobart AE240; The Hobart Manufacturing Co. Ltd, London, UK). The formulation was fixed at 55% w/w 450 mesh lactose (DMV International, Veghel, The Netherlands), 25% w/w microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101, FMC, Cork, Ireland), 18% maize starch (National Starch and Chemical, Neustadt, Germany) and 2% w/w pregelatinized starch (National Starch and Chemical). Table 1 lists the conditions used for manufacture in both mixers, the levels of wet-mass consistency achieved by the two wet masses, and the properties of the downstream granules, produced and analysed as described below. The granule size distributions are also reported in Figure 1. The consistency was determined by use of a mixer-torque rheometer (Caleva MTR, Sturminster-
Mechanisms responsible for the blood level differences of isoxazolyl penicillins: oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin.

With continuous intravenous infusions plasma levels of dicloxacillin sodium monohydrate were much higher, and the calculated plasma half-life was much longer, than for cloxacillin monohydrate sodium and oxacillin sodium. Renal clearance values for oxacillin (226.8 ml/min) were twice those for dicloxacillin, with intermediate values for cloxacillin. In uremic patients the plasma half-life of oxacillin was only slightly longer (31 vs 23 minutes) than in healthy subjects, but the differences were considerably greater for cloxacillin (48 vs 25 minutes) and dicloxacillin (62 vs 42 minutes). Thus, the addition of one (cloxacillin) or two (dicloxacillin) chlorine atoms on the oxacillin molecule causes a progressive decrease in renal clearance and increase in resistance to degradation by the liver, and these characteristics are important in determining the differences in blood levels. Dicloxacillin appears to have significant pharmacological advantages over cloxacillin and oxacillin.
The Effects of an Exhaust Plume on Skin Currents Induced on a Rocket Body by R.F. Sources

This paper presents an analysis of a missile with an exhaust plume when exposed to an incident electro­ magnetic plane wave at an arbitrary angle of incidence. The Low Altitude Plasma Plume program is used to pro­ vide realistic values of the electrical properties along the length of the plume. In the analysis, the missile and the plume are assumed to be thin when com­ pared to the length of the missile and the wavelength of the incident radiation. Conventional numerical methods developed for thin-wire antennas are used to determine the current in the missile and the plume, and the effect the plume has on the current is examined. Field patterns for aperture coupling at specific points on the missile are also presented.
Insig-2, a second endoplasmic reticulum protein that binds SCAP and blocks export of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins

This paper describes insig-2, a second protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that blocks the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) by binding to SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein) in a sterol-regulated fashion, thus preventing it from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi. By blocking this movement, insig-2, like the previously described insig-1, prevents the proteolytic processing of SREBPs by Golgi enzymes, thereby blocking cholesterol synthesis. The sequences of human insig-1 and -2 are 59% identical. Both proteins are predicted to contain six transmembrane helices. The proteins differ functionally in two respects: (i) production of insig-1, but not insig-2, in cultured mammalian cells requires nuclear SREBPs; and (ii) at high levels of expression, insig-1, but not insig-2, can block SCAP movement in the absence of exogenous sterols. The combined actions of insig-1 and -2 permit feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis over a wide range of sterol concentrations.
Goals Set by Patients Using the ICF Model before Receiving Botulinum Injections and Their Relation to Spasticity Distribution.

Purpose: Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is used to assess functional gains in response to treatment. Specific characteristics of the functional goals set by individuals receiving botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injections for spasticity management are unknown. The primary objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of the goals set by patients before receiving BoNTA injections using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and to determine whether the pattern of spasticity distribution affected the goals set. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective chart review was carried out in an outpatient spasticity-management clinic in Toronto. A total of 176 patients with a variety of neurological lesions attended the clinic to receive BoNTA injections and completed GAS from December 2012 to December 2013. The main outcome measures were the characteristics of the goals set by the participants on the basis of ICF categories (body functions and structures, activity and participation) and the spasticity distribution using Modified Ashworth Scale scores. Results: Of the patients, 73% set activity and participation goals, and 27% set body functions and structures goals (p<0.05). In the activity and participation category, 30% of patients set moving and walking goals, 28% set self-care and dressing goals, and 12% set changing and maintaining body position goals. In the body functions and structures category, 18% set neuromuscular and movement-related goals, and 8% set pain goals. The ICF goal categories were not related to the patterns of spasticity (upper limb vs. lower limb or unilateral vs. bilateral spasticity) or type of upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that patients receiving BoNTA treatment set a higher percentage of activity and participation goals than body functions and structures goals. Goal classification was not affected by type of spasticity distribution or type of UMN disorder.
Gender Differences in the Association between Eating Behavior and Depression of Adolescents: Evidence from a National Korean Cross-sectional Survey

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between unhealthy eating behavior and depression in adolescents, with confounding variables adjusted. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of the data collected from the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). The analysis included 72,435 participants (36,655 male and 35,780 female). The data were analyzed by x2 test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS Version 21 by complex samples analysis. Results: Compared with male adolescents with healthy eating behavior, those who with unhealthy eating behavior were more likely to suffer depression with other factors controlled (OR=1.37, 1.07~1.75). On the other hand, female adolescents with unhealthy eating behavior were less likely to feel depressed compared with female adolescents with unhealthy eating behavior and with other factors controlled (OR=0.98, 0.64~1.50). However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that healthy eating behavior may be a protective factor against depression in male adolescents, but not in female adolescents. Furthermore, our results suggest that the longitudinal associations between mental health and healthy eating behavior and other lifestyle factors are complex.
concept co cept Gene and cell survival : lessons from prokaryotic plasmid R 1

Plasmids are units of extrachromosomal genetic inheritance found in all kingdoms of life. They replicate autonomously and undergo stable propagation in their hosts. Despite their small size, plasmid replication and gene expression constitute a metabolic burden that compromises their stable maintenance in host cells. This pressure has driven the evolution of strategies to increase plasmid stability—a process accelerated by the ability of plasmids to transfer horizontally between cells and to exchange genetic material with their host and other resident episomal DNAs. These abilities drive the adaptability and diversity of plasmids and their host cells. Indeed, survival functions found in plasmids have chromosomal homologues that have an essential role in cellular responses to stress. An analysis of these functions in the prokaryotic plasmid R1, and of their intricate interrelationships, reveals remarkable overall similarities with other geneand cell-survival strategies found within and beyond the prokaryotic world.
Melatonin‐evoked in vivo secretion of protein and amylase from the parotid gland of the anaesthetised rat

Abstract: The intravenous infusion of melatonin (5 and 25 mg/kg over 10 min) evoked a dose‐dependent output of protein and amylase but no overt fluid secretion from the parotid gland of the pentobarbitone‐anaesthetised rat, as revealed by increased concentrations of protein and amylase activity in a subsequent wash‐out flow of saliva in response to an intravenous bolus injection of methacholine (5 μg/kg) 10 min later. The secretory responses to melatonin occurred in the presence of α‐ and β‐adrenoceptor antagonists. They were not affected by the cholecystokinin A‐receptor antagonist, lorglumide, and they were reproduced in eviscerated animals acutely subjected to postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation of the gland. The responses to melatonin were partially dependent on nitric oxide generation, through the activity of nitric oxide synthase of the neuronal type. Immunoblotting showed both melatonin receptors of type 1 and type 2 to be expressed in parotid gland tissue. The relative specific melatonin 2‐receptor antagonist luzindole prevented the expected secretory effects of melatonin. The results favour a direct action by melatonin on melatonin receptors of parotid secretory cells and suggest a potential physiological role for melatonin in the regulation of salivary glandular activities.
Cell proliferation is associated with enhanced capacitative Ca 2 1 entry in human arterial myocytes

Golovina, Vera A. Cell proliferation is associated with enhanced capacitative Ca21 entry in human arterial myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Cell Physiol. 46): C343–C349, 1999. —Depletion of Ca21 stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) activates extracellular Ca21 influx via capacitative Ca21 entry (CCE). Here, CCE levels in proliferating and growth-arrested human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were compared by digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. Resting cytosolic free Ca21 concentration ([Ca]cyt) in proliferating PASMCs was twofold higher than that in growth-arrested cells. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; 10 μM), which inhibits SR Ca21-ATPase and depletes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca21 stores, transiently increased [Ca]cyt in the absence of extracellular Ca21. The addition of 1.8 mM Ca21 to the extracellular solution in the presence of CPA induced large increases in [Ca]cyt, indicative of CCE. The CPA-induced SR Ca21 release in proliferating PASMCs was twofold higher than that in growth-arrested cells, whereas the transient rise of [Ca]cyt due to CCE was fivefold greater in proliferating cells. CCE was insensitive to nifedipine but was significantly inhibited by 50 mM K1, which reduces the driving force for Ca21 influx, and by 0.5 mM Ni21, a putative blocker of store-operated Ca21 channels. These data show that augmented CCE is associated with proliferation of human PASMCs and may be involved in stimulating and maintaining cell growth.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital epulis

Congenital epulis is a benign gingival tumor that has rarely been diagnosed prenatally. We report a fetus with congenital epulis diagnosed by ultrasound at 37 weeks' gestation. The mass was diagnosed as originating from the inferior alveolar ridge prenatally. After birth, it was completely removed by simple excision under general anesthesia. Histologic examination revealed a congenital granular cell tumor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Effects of dog-assisted intervention on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

AIM To evaluate the effect of a dog-assisted intervention on the behavioural and psychological symptoms of residents with dementia during a six-month period. METHOD The study was conducted in eight nursing homes in Sweden. A total of 33 residents with dementia, 20 in the intervention group and 13 in the control group, were recruited. The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS) were used to assess the effects of a dog-assisted intervention on participants' behavioural and psychological symptoms. The intervention comprised ten sessions, lasting between 45 and 60 minutes, once or twice a week. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse background data, comparisons between groups at baseline were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to test differences in groups over time. RESULTS In the intervention group changes from baseline to follow up immediately after the intervention were not significant, possibly because of the small sample size. Some positive tendencies were observed: the CMAI mean score for physical non-aggressive behaviours decreased from 18.5 at baseline to 15.3 at follow up immediately after the intervention; lower scores indicate fewer symptoms. Mean and median MDDAS scores for behavioural symptoms decreased from 15.3 and 13.5 respectively at baseline to 13.1 and 12.0 respectively at follow up immediately after the intervention; lower scores indicate fewer symptoms. The CMAI mean score for verbal agitation increased significantly (P=0.035) from 17.2 at baseline to 20.6 at follow up six months after the intervention. CONCLUSION Dog-assisted intervention may provide an alternative or a complement to pharmacological treatments to reduce behavioural symptoms in people with dementia, but its value and place in care require further evaluation.
Specific antibodies against recombinant protein of insertion element 900 of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease

Background: Mycobacterial avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection has been hypothesized as an etiological factor of Crohn's disease (CD). However, the involvement of MAP in the pathophysiology of CD is controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate whether MAP is involved in the pathogenesis of CD with the glutathione S‐transferase fusion recombinant protein encoding a portion of insertion element (IS) 900 (IS900‐GST), which is specific for MAP. Methods: Serum samples from the patients with CD (n = 50), ulcerative colitis (n = 40), colonic tuberculosis (n = 20), and non‐IBD controls (n = 44), were applied for solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against MAP and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. IS900‐GST, which was made by the pGST‐4T‐2 vector inserted with polymerase chain reaction‐amplified IS900DNA, was used as an antigen of MAP. Moreover, we studied the relationship between antibodies against IS900‐GST and clinical characteristics. Results: ELISA showed that the serum level of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antibodies against IS900‐GST (anti‐IS900) in patients with CD were significantly higher than those with ulcerative colitis, colonic tuberculosis, and control subjects. The levels of anti‐IS900 tended to be higher in CD patients with small intestinal involvement than with colonic involvement alone. Anti‐IS900 in patients with penetrating‐ and stricture‐type CD was significantly higher than with inflammatory‐type CD. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between the titer of anti‐IS900 and disease duration. Anti‐IS900 was not associated with surgical treatment nor was it associated with the use of immunosuppressants. No significant correlation was observed between the serum levels of anti‐IS900 and anti‐S cerevisiae antibody. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of the ELISA system of detecting antibodies against IS900 in IBD patients. MAP could be involved in the pathophysiology of Japanese patients with CD.
Visualization of MAPT inversion on stretched chromosomes of tau‐negative frontotemporal dementia patients

The chromosome 17q21 region containing the gene encoding the microtubule associated protein tau ( MAPT ; MIM ] 157140) has been studied and characterized extensively, showing that it is genetically and genomically complex. The MAPT locus has an atypical pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD), showing two distinct major MAPT haplotypes, H1 and H2, between which recombination is never observed [Baker et al., 1999]. These two haplotypes extend beyond MAPT defining a large LD block of 1.3Mb [Pittman et al., 2004; Pastor et al., 2004; Oliveira et al., 2004]. Recently, we partially unraveled the complexity of the MAPT genomic region with the identification of a novel family of four highly homologous MAPT low-copy repeats (LCRs) of which three are located at 17q21: LCR A, LCR B, and LCR C and the fourth, LCR D, at 17q24 [Cruts et al., 2005]. LCR B and C are located (cid:1) 300 kb apart and are inverted compared to LCR A located (cid:1) 570kb centromeric of LCR B [Cruts et al., 2005]. Of major interest is that MAPT is flanked by LCR A and LCR B, defining a region that coincides with the LD block. The lack of recombination between H1 and H2 was therefore explained by an ancient paracentric inversion [Cruts et al., 2005; Stefansson et al., 2005], most likely due to nonallelic homologous recombination
FINDING ALTERNATIVES TO THE BEST PATH

Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) often require non-traditional path generation methods. The aim of this paper is to develop an algorithm for finding alternatives to the best path between a given origin and destination. It discusses a constrained shortest path problem that can be used to generate alternative paths. An efficient algorithm for generating such paths is also discussed and some initial computational studies are presented.