Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Second or third additional chemotherapy drug for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with advanced disease.

BACKGROUND Randomized trials have demonstrated that adding a drug to a single-agent or to a two-agent regimen increased the tumor response rate in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although its impact on survival remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical benefit of adding a drug to a single-agent or two-agent chemotherapy regimen in terms of tumor response rate, survival, and toxicity in patients with advanced NSCLC. SEARCH STRATEGY There were no language restrictions. Searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE were performed using the search terms non-small cell lung carcinoma/drug therapy, adenocarcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, lung, neoplasms, clinical trial phase III, and randomized trial. Manual searches were also performed to find conference proceedings published between January 1982 and June 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA Data from all randomized controlled trials performed between 1980 and 2006 (published between January 1980 and June 2006) comparing a doublet regimen with a single-agent regimen or comparing a triplet regimen with a doublet regimen in patients with advanced NSCLC. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two independent investigators reviewed the publications and extracted the data. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the objective tumor response rate, one-year survival rate, and toxicity rate were calculated using the fixed-effect model. Pooled median ratios (MRs) for median survival also were calculated using the fixed-effect model. ORs and MRs lower than unity (< 1.0) indicate a benefit of a doublet regimen compared with a single-agent regimen (or a triplet regimen compared with a doublet regimen). MAIN RESULTS Sixty-five trials (13601 patients) were eligible. In the trials comparing a doublet regimen with a single-agent regimen, a significant increase was observed in tumor response (OR 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37 to 0.47, P < 0.001) and one-year survival (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.91, P < 0.001) in favor of the doublet regimen. The median survival ratio was 0.83 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.89, P < 0.001). An increase also was observed in the tumor response rate (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.75, P < 0.001) in favor of the triplet regimen, but not for one-year survival (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.21, P = 0.88). The median survival ratio was 1.00 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.06, P = 0.97). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Adding a second drug improved tumor response and survival rate. Adding a third drug had a weaker effect on tumor response and no effect on survival.
Comparison of Classifiers Applied to Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Data

Summary Objectives: Comparison of classification methods using data of one clinical study. The tuning of hyperparameters is assessed as part of the methods by nested-loop cross-validation. Methods: We assess the ability of 18 statistical and machine learning classifiers to detect glaucoma. The training data set is one case-control study consisting of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy measurement values from 98 glaucoma patients and 98 healthy controls. We compare bootstrap estimates of the classification error by the Wilcoxon signed rank test and box-plots of a bootstrap distribution of the estimate. Results: The comparison of out-of-bag bootstrap estimators of classification errors is assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation, Wilcoxon signed rank tests and box-plots of a bootstrap distribution of the estimate. The classification methods random forests 15.4%, support vector machines 15.9%, bundling 16.3% to 17.8%, and penalized discriminant analysis 16.8% show the best results. Conclusions: Using nested-loop cross-validation we account for the tuning of hyperparameters and demonstrate the assessment of different classifiers. We recommend a block design of the bootstrap simulation to allow a statistical assessment of the bootstrap estimates of the misclassification error. The results depend on the data of the clinical study and the given size of the bootstrap sample.
The effects of detection and treatment on the outcome of major depression in primary care: a naturalistic study in 15 cities.

BACKGROUND This study reports the responses of patients with confirmed depressive illnesses to different treatments in the WHO Mental Disorders in General Health Care study, conducted in 15 cities around the world. AIM To discover how depressions recognized by the doctor compare with unrecognized depressions, both in terms of the initial illnesses and their outcomes, and to compare the outcomes of those depressions treated with antidepressants with those treated with daytime sedatives. METHOD The design of the study was naturalistic, in that physicians were free to treat patients however they wished. Patients with confirmed depressive illnesses were assigned to four groups: treatment with an antidepressant; treatment with a daytime sedative (usually a benzodiazepine); patients recognized as having depression by the physician but were not offered drug treatment; and patients unrecognized as having depression by their physician. RESULTS Both groups receiving drugs had illnesses of equal severity, were demographically similar to one another, and had similar previous histories of depression. Those receiving antidepressants had significantly fewer overall symptoms and fewer suicidal thoughts than those treated with sedatives. By the end of one year, differences between the groups had disappeared: patients not given drugs had milder illnesses but did significantly better than those receiving drugs, both in terms of symptoms lost and their diagnostic status. Unrecognized depressions were less severe than recognized depressions, and had a similar course over the year. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving antidepressants were better in terms of overall symptoms and suicidal thoughts than those treated with sedatives at three months, but this advantage does not persist. Depression emerges as a chronic disorder at one-year follow-up--about 60% of those treated with drugs, and 50% of the milder depressions, still meet criteria for caseness. The study does not support the view that failure to recognize depression has serious adverse consequences, but, in view of the poor prognosis of depression, measures to improve compliance with treatment would appear to be indicated.
Prevalence of mcr-1 in the Cecal Contents of Food Animals in the United States

ABSTRACT A survey of 2,003 cecal content samples from chickens, turkeys, cattle, and swine at slaughter facilities in the United States was conducted to estimate the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene conferring resistance to colistin in Enterobacteriaceae. Two cecal samples from swine had Escherichia coli with IncI2 plasmids bearing the mcr-1 gene.
On the effect of network modularity on evolutionary search

Modularity is an omnipresent feature of biological neural networks. It is also a cornerstone of indirect genetic encodings and developmental evolutionary algorithms for neural networks. Modularity may give evolution the ability to reflect regularities in the environment in its solutions, thus making good solutions easier to find. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the density of highly fit solutions is higher in modular networks than in non-modular networks. In this paper we investigate how the degree of modularity in neural networks affects the search landscape for neuroevolution. We use multi-objective evolution to explicitly guide evolution towards modular and non-modular areas of network search space. We find that the fitness landscape is radically different in these different areas, but that network modularity is not accompanied by increased efficiency on a modular classification task. We therefore cannot find support for the popular assumption that modular networks are “better” than non-modular networks.
Incidental Nodal Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Is Not a Harbinger of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A Study of 19 Cases With Evaluation of Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a proliferation of perivascular epithelioid cells typically affecting the lung as a low-grade, destructive and progressive disease but may also be found in lymph nodes and other organs. LAM is sometimes seen as an incidental finding in lymph node dissections performed for staging of gynecologic tumors. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the clinical significance of incidental nodal LAM in relation to subsequent development of pulmonary LAM. We identified 19 patients from our institution with LAM in lymph nodes. Follow-up was available for 100% of patients and ranged from 3 to 123 months (mean 33.8 mo). All were women, ranging in age from 35 to 71 years (mean 56.3 y). None had a history of tuberous sclerosis, renal angiomyolipoma, or pulmonary LAM. LAM involvement spanned 1 to 6 nodes (mean 2), ranging from 1% to 100% of the total excised lymph nodes. The single largest focus of nodal LAM ranged from 1 to 9 mm (mean 4.3 mm) in 18 patients without evidence of persistent or recurrent nodal LAM. In the 1 patient with persistent local nodal LAM, the greatest diameter was 25 mm. Affected lymph node sites were regional pelvic and retroperitoneal chains routinely sampled in staging operations. An immunohistochemical panel of HMB45, A103, and &bgr;-catenin was evaluated in 18 cases. HMB45 showed strong but usually focal staining in every case compared with A103, which was very focally expressed (39%) or negative. &bgr;-catenin showed strong, diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous (non-nuclear) reactivity in 100% of cases. At the last clinic visit, all 19 patients had no manifestations of pulmonary LAM. In an absence of signs of symptoms of extranodal LAM, patients with incidentally discovered nodal LAM smaller than 10 mm are not at risk of developing pulmonary LAM.
Device-Free Human Activity Recognition Using Commercial WiFi Devices

Since human bodies are good reflectors of wireless signals, human activities can be recognized by monitoring changes in WiFi signals. However, existing WiFi-based human activity recognition systems do not build models that can quantify the correlation between WiFi signal dynamics and human activities. In this paper, we propose a Channel State Information (CSI)-based human Activity Recognition and Monitoring system (CARM). CARM is based on two theoretical models. First, we propose a CSI-speed model that quantifies the relation between CSI dynamics and human movement speeds. Second, we propose a CSI-activity model that quantifies the relation between human movement speeds and human activities. Based on these two models, we implemented the CARM on commercial WiFi devices. Our experimental results show that the CARM achieves recognition accuracy of 96% and is robust to environmental changes.
Characterization of chalcogenide film on substrate specimens by the graphical method using accurate refractive index of the substrate

Refractive index of the substrate depending on its absorption is used in the graphical method for optical characterization of a film on a transmitting substrate, from its transmission spectrum. Three amorphous chalcogenide films on identical glass substrates are characterized by the graphical method. Indications are presented that these characterizations are more accurate than previous characterizations of the same films.
The effectiveness of legal protection in the prevention of domestic violence in the lives of young Australian women

A national study of young women who experience physical violence by a partner is reported in this paper. The authors examine the effectiveness of legal protection in preventing repeated violence and compare outcomes after legal intervention from the police or the courts, or both. The results indicate that a coordinated approach which links court protection orders with police intervention may be the best way to protect young women from violence.
Arterial hypertension as a risk factor in the elderly and its treatment.

PURPOSE World Health Statistic Annuals between 1973 and 1982 show that mortality from cardiovascular and coronary heart disease fell significantly during this period. Against this background, the present review analyses results from trials of antihypertensive therapy in elderly hypertensives. STUDY SELECTION The review examined available trials specifically devoted to testing the hypothesis that antihypertensive treatment in the elderly hypertensive can lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality. RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSIS Different, randomly allocated, controlled trials have shown that a pharmacological reduction in blood pressure can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in the elderly to a similar extent as in young and adult hypertensive patients. Recent reviews have indicated, in contrast to previous suggestions, that the available antihypertensive agents do not have an age-dependent effect. Therefore the choice of antihypertensive therapy is more dependent on previous use or the presence of concomitant diseases. CONCLUSIONS Arterial hypertension is a risk factor in the elderly which can be reduced with pharmacological intervention.
'Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae', a novel lineage of endosymbiotic Actinobacteria in termite gut flagellates of the genus Trichonympha.

Termite gut flagellates are colonized by host-specific lineages of ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic bacteria. Previous studies have shown that flagellates of the genus Trichonympha may harbour more than one type of symbiont. Using a comprehensive approach that combined cloning of SSU rRNA genes with fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopy, we investigated the phylogeny and subcellular locations of the symbionts in a variety of Trichonympha species from different termites. The flagellates in Trichonympha Cluster I were the only species associated with 'Endomicrobia', which were located in the posterior part of the cell, confirming previous results. Trichonympha species of Cluster II from the termite genus Incisitermes (family Kalotermitidae) lacked 'Endomicrobia' and were associated with endosymbiotic Actinobacteria, which is highly unusual. The endosymbionts, for which we suggest the name 'Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae', represent a novel, deep-branching lineage in the Micrococcineae that consists exclusively of clones from termite guts. They preferentially colonized the anterior part of the flagellate host and were highly abundant in all species of Trichonympha Cluster II except Trichonympha globulosa. Here, they were outnumbered by a Desulfovibrio species associated with the cytoplasmic lamellae at the anterior cell pole. Such symbionts are present in both Trichonympha clusters, but not in all species. Unlike the intracellular location reported for the Desulfovibrio symbionts of Trichonympha agilis (Cluster I), the Desulfovibrio symbionts of T. globulosa (Cluster II) were situated in deep invaginations of the plasma membrane that were clearly connected to the exterior of the host cell.
Effect of copper on the up-regulation/down-regulation of genes, cytotoxicity and ion dissolution for mesoporous bioactive glasses

In the present study, copper-based (25 − x)CaO − xCuO −10P2O5 − 5B2O3 − 60SiO2 (x = 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mol%) mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) were synthesized using the sol–gel technique with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as the structure-directing agent. The live–dead cell count and cytocompatibility of MBGs for J774A.1 murine macrophages have also been investigated for different concentrations of MBGs. The ionic dissolution profile for Ca, P and Si has been evaluated in the simulated body fluid. The effect of copper content as well as the ionic dissolution products on the up-regulation and down-regulation of TGIF-2, HDAC-4, Smurf-1, mir-30c and mir-130a genes for the murine model are investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Silica and calcium release follows a similar trend as followed by gene up-regulation of TGIF-2, HDAC-4 and mir-30c genes. This indicates that silica and calcium release influence gene expression.
Assessment of low-molecular-weight antioxidants in Francisella tularensis infected hosts: comparison of two rodents with different susceptibility to tularemia.

OBJECTIVES Bacterium Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia disease. It is a zoonosis accompanied with high mortality when untreated. Small rodents and hares, in particular, are natural reservoirs of tularemia. Despite physiological similarity of common hosts, tularemia exerts different mortality rates. The pathogenesis of tularemia is still not fully understood. The main pathway is associated with proliferation in macrophages after activation by reactive oxygen species in phagosomes. DESIGN A fully virulent strain of F. tularensis subsb. holarctica was used for infection of laboratory BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) and common voles (Microtus arvalis) representing murine and microtine species. The total level of low-molecular- weight antioxidants (LMWA) in plasma was assayed by cyclic voltammetry. RESULTS It was found that common voles are more resistant to tularemia progression when compared to mice. When LMWA assayed, surprising changes in LMWA levels were found. Both mice and common voles were infected with high dose resulting in overall mortality. While there was a quick depletion of LMWA in plasma in mice, common voles were even able to increase LMWA. CONCLUSION It seems that LMWA play an important role in the organism s protection during tularemia. The ability to compensate the LMWA losses and increase levels of antioxidants in common voles is probably responsible for its lower susceptibility to tularemia.
Temperature effects on the electrical conductivity of dielectric liquids

The effect of temperature on electrical conductivity of low-conductivity liquid solutions is discussed theoretically and experimentally. A well-known expression for liquid viscosity is used to derive an empirical correlation for temperature dependency of electrical conductivity of insulating liquids. Five different solutions all composed of polyol (hindered) esters were tested over a wide temperature range. Viscosity measurements were used to extract the constants in the viscosity correlation. The measured electrical conductivity of the tested fluids varied over 1000-fold for the temperature range. It is shown that the suggested correlation could predict reasonably well the temperature dependency of electrical conductivity for single-phased solutions.
The influence of length day on melatonin and prolactin secretion during lactation in asesonal sheep

study demonstrated that during the period of milking, the duration of the daylight had a significant effect on the lactation parameters in ewes lambed in January and June. Marked differences were noted in the levels of milk production in sheep, during the period of shortening daylight, i.e. in autumn, as the sheep lambed in June produced 50% less milk than ewes lambed in January. The dwindling milk production at the time of a shortening photoperiod resulted from the different course of melatonin and prolactin secretion. In the period of shortening daylight, the concentration of melatonin increased, while the secretion of prolactin decreased, thereby contributing to a lower milk synthesis.
Bone marrow abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus with peripheral cytopenia.

OBJECTIVES Peripheral cytopenia is frequently found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Bone marrow examination is usually considered in most cases; however, the incidence and association between cytopenia and disorders of the bone marrow remain unclear. We therefore conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study among patients with SLE and peripheral cytopenia to determine the incidence of bone marrow abnormalities and to find predictive factors for bone marrow examination. RESULTS Of the 41 patients, 20 had bone marrow abnormalities that could be categorised into six groups: hypocellularity (50%), plasmacytosis (35%), haemophagocytosis (30%), dyserythropoiesis (10%), aplastic marrow (10%) and myelofibrosis (5%). Most of the patients (75.6%) had moderate to severe, active disease and recovery from the cytopenia occurred after treatment of the SLE. None of the clinical factors was statistically proven to be associated with bone marrow abnormalities; however, 3 factors indicated an active disease status including (a) the SLEDAI score (b) the number of organs involved and (c) previous immunosuppressive drug therapy. All of these are potentially predictive factors of bone marrow abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of bone marrow abnormalities is high among patients with SLE and peripheral cytopenia. Bone marrow may be one of the common targets of organs affected by immune mechanisms in active SLE. Peripheral cytopenia can be subsequently improved after treatment of the disease; therefore, bone marrow examination should be recommended among patients whose cytopenia does not recover after conventional therapy.
The Intercellular Adhesion (ica) Locus Is Present in Staphylococcus aureus and Is Required for Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT Nosocomial infections that result in the formation of biofilms on the surfaces of biomedical implants are a leading cause of sepsis and are often associated with colonization of the implants byStaphylococcus epidermidis. Biofilm formation is thought to require two sequential steps: adhesion of cells to a solid substrate followed by cell-cell adhesion, creating multiple layers of cells. Intercellular adhesion requires the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), which is composed of linear β-1,6-linked glucosaminylglycans and can be synthesized in vitro from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine by products of the intercellular adhesion (ica) locus. We have investigated a variety ofStaphylococcus aureus strains and find that all strains tested contain the ica locus and that several can form biofilms in vitro. Sequence comparison with the S. epidermidis ica genes revealed 59 to 78% amino acid identity. Deletion of the ica locus results in a loss of the ability to form biofilms, produce PIA, or mediateN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity in vitro. Cross-species hybridization experiments revealed the presence oficaA in several other Staphylococcus species, suggesting that cell-cell adhesion and the potential to form biofilms is conserved within this genus.
Partial correction of the α‐galactosidase A deficiency and reduction of glycolipid storage in Fabry mice using synthetic vectors

Fabry disease is a recessive, X‐linked disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α‐galactosidase A, leading to an accumulation of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (GL‐3) in most tissues of the body. The goal of this study was to determine if systemic delivery of a nonviral vector could correct the enzyme deficiency and reduce the levels of GL‐3 in different tissues of a transgenic knockout mouse model of the disease.