Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managed vs. unmanaged. Structure of beech forest stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) after 50 years of development, Central Bohemia

In this study, the structure and spatial patterns of adjacent beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest stands, both those having undergone intensive management and those without management intervention over the last 50 years were analyzed. Data was collected from six 1ha permanent research plots. Four plots were established in varying parts of the reserve, comprising entirely of even-aged managed forest stands; two 1-ha permanent plots were located in a non-interventional stand. For each woody stem, basic dendrometrical data and coordinates were measured. The total volume of dead wood (standing and fallen) and its classes of decay were recorded. The structure and species diversity of forest stands were analyzed using skewness and the coefficient of variation of dbh distribution, the Gini index, the Shannon index, the mingling index, the Pielou index of segregation and the Hopkins-Skellam, Pielou-Mountford, Clark-Evans aggregation indices, the diameter differentiation index and Ripley K function. The diameter distribution of the managed stands was generally normal, albeit with a large diameter range and with a typical flat diameter curve. A general lack of giant trees, lower rates of coarse woody debris (from 0.2 to 0.5% of the total living volume) and random tree distribution were also confirmed. Within the investigated area, the diameter differentiation and Gini indices along with the degree of skewness and the coefficient of variation made it possible to monitor the shift from even-aged forest management to spontaneous forest development. In general, spontaneous development was marked mainly by aggregated tree distribution in the middle and lower layer, and a shift from normal to reversed J-shaped dbh distribution. The total volume of deadwood in one of the unmanaged plots amounted to 48.10 m3/ha (9.5% of living wood volume). The use of adequate structural and spatial analysis as indicators of natural forest development are discussed.
Uniqueness of a quasivariational sweeping process on functions of bounded variation

We prove existence and uniqueness of a quasivariational sweeping process on functions of bounded variation thereby generalizing previous results for absolutely continuous functions. It turns out that the size of the discontinuities plays a crucial role: In case they are small enough we prove existence and uniqueness. For large jumps we present a counterexample to the uniqueness of the solution. Finally we show that the condition on the jump size can be replaced by suitable conditions on the shape of the convex set.
The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - II. Dynamical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM and the launching of outflows

The SILCC project (SImulating the Life-Cycle of molecular Clouds) aims at a more self-consistent understanding of the interstellar medium (ISM) on small scales and its link to galaxy evolution. We present three-dimensional (magneto) hydrodynamic simulations of the ISM in a vertically stratified box including self-gravity, an external potential due to the stellar component of the galactic disc, and stellar feedback in the form of an interstellar radiation field and supernovae (SNe). The cooling of the gas is based on a chemical network that follows the abundances of H+, H, H-2, C+, and CO and takes shielding into account consistently. We vary the SN feedback by comparing different SN rates, clustering and different positioning, in particular SNe in density peaks and at random positions, which has a major impact on the dynamics. Only for random SN positions the energy is injected in sufficiently low-density environments to reduce energy losses and enhance the effective kinetic coupling of the SNe with the gas. This leads to more realistic velocity dispersions (sigma(HI) approximate to 0.8 sigma(300-8000) (K) similar to 10-20 km s(-1), sigma(H alpha) approximate to 0.6(8000-3x105 K) similar to 20-30 km s(-1)), and strong outflows with mass loading factors (ratio of outflow to star formation rate) of up to 10 even for solar neighbourhood conditions. Clustered SNe abet the onset of outflows compared to individual SNe but do not influence the net outflow rate. The outflows do not contain any molecular gas and are mainly composed of atomic hydrogen. The bulk of the outflowing mass is dense (rho similar to 10(-25)-10(-24) g cm(-3)) and slow (v similar to 20-40 km s(-1)) but there is a high-velocity tail of up to v similar to 500 km s(-1) with rho similar to 10(-28)-10(-27) g cm(-3).
Separate Spaces

In May 2007, Scots voted into office a party and a political leader publicly committed to holding a referendum on independence from Great Britain within four years. This study analyzes nearly forty-eight hundred comments appended to stories on the scotsman.com Web site, offering one of the first detailed looks at user-generated content on a newspaper-affiliated Web site in the context of a national election. It explores the evolving nature of online political community and the ways in which newspapers are accommodating a networked environment in their political coverage, addressing issues of citizen and journalistic engagement within a communal space.
Diagnostic Role of Fibrinogen alone and in Combination with Lipids among Cardiovascular Disease

Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation, progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent development of atherosclerotic events. Elevated fibrinogen levels are considered as a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The objectives of this study were first to evaluate the association between fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease and second to determine the role of combination of fibrinogen with lipid profile in the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Two hundred patients were recruited for the study, of which hundred belongs to control and hundred were test group. For the entire study population fibrinogen and lipid profile were measured at the time of hospitalization. Among the patients with complication, there was a significant elevation in the levels of fibrinogen and lipid profile than the control. The results indicate that elevated plasma fibrinogen levels may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It was found that a combination of measurement of fibrinogen with and total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol testing may prove to be even a better marker at risk response and this prognostic information may warrant closer monitoring and extra attention to modifiable cardiovascular risk factor.
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS DETERMINING THE AUDIT FEE

There are some factors considered to have an effect on the audit fee amount. These are importantfor the researchers to analyze. This research aimed to test the determinants of auditfee in companies that are listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (ISE). The samples of thisstudy were 60 companies in period 2010-2011. The data was taken from annual report of thecompany. The hypothesis was tested by linier regression which consisted of two variables.First variable was dependent variable that was audit fee. The second variables were independentvariables which consist of client size, audit complexity, audit risk, company size, clientfinancial condition, audit committee characteristic, and auditor tenure. The result of thestudy shows that there are three significant independent variables influencing the audit feei.e. client size, audit complexity, and audit risk. The rest of independent variables are not significant.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Coparenting and child anxiety

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Predictors of anemia among a cohort of people living with HIV on anti-retroviral therapy in a southern state of India

HIV (PLHIV), and its presence can affect the disease progression and mortality. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of anemia and the factors predicting it in PLHIV on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Material and methods: In this study, 228 PLHIV who were enrolled for ART in the study period of 3 years from 2012 (February) to 2015 (February) were selected and the data from their records were used for analysis. Factors predicting anemia in PLHIV were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anemia in our study was found to be 62.2% (n = 142). The mean hemoglobin among PLHIV was 11.8 g/dl. Age below 45 years, female gender, low body mass index (BMI), smoking, consumption of alcohol, stage 3 or 4 HIV, presence of opportunistic infections, low CD4 count and low total leukocyte count were the factors found to be associated with anemia among PLHIV. On multivariate analysis, low BMI, low CD4 count and low total leukocyte count were the factors significantly predicting anemia among PLHIV. Conclussions: Anemia is a common complication seen among PLHIV. Low CD4 count, low total leukocyte count and undernutrition significantly predict anemia among PLHIV.
MAGNESIUM ISOTOPE RATIOS IN ω CENTAURI RED GIANTS

We have used the high-resolution observations obtained at the Anglo-Australian Telescope with Ultra-High Resolution Facility (R ∼ 100,000) and at Gemini-S with b-HROS (R ∼ 150,000) to determine magnesium isotope ratios for seven ω Cen red giants that cover a range in iron abundance from [Fe/H] = −1.78 to −0.78 dex, and for two red giants in M4 (NGC 6121). The ω Cen stars sample both the “primordial” (i.e., O-rich, Na- and Al-poor) and the “extreme” (O-depleted, Na- and Al-rich) populations in the cluster. The primordial population stars in both ω Cen and M4 show (25Mg, 26Mg)/24Mg isotopic ratios that are consistent with those found for the primordial population in other globular clusters with similar [Fe/H] values. The isotopic ratios for the ω Cen extreme stars are also consistent with those for extreme population stars in other clusters. The results for the extreme population stars studied indicate that the 26Mg/24Mg ratio is highest at intermediate metallicities ([Fe/H] < −1.4 dex), and for the highest [Al/Fe] values. Further, the relative abundance of 26Mg in the extreme population stars is notably higher than that of 25Mg, in contrast to model predictions. The 25Mg/24Mg isotopic ratio in fact does not show any obvious dependence on either [Fe/H] or [Al/Fe] nor, intriguingly, any obvious difference between the primordial and extreme population stars.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM LEAVES OF ELAEIS GUINEENSIS AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical constituents qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extracts from oil palm leaves. Methods: In the present study, both qualitative and proximate (quantitative) phytochemical analysis were carried out using standard methods described previously. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity will be evaluated using DPPH scavenging assay while the antibacterial activity will be evaluated using disc diffusion assay. Results: Crude extraction showed that methanolic extraction produced highest yield (8.28%) followed by hexane (3.10%) and chloroform (3.08%) extraction. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of oil palm leaves revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrates. Proximate analysis of phytochemicals in methanolic extracts showed that flavonoids are the main phytochemical constituents which found to be the highest (257.00 ± 3.055 mg QE/g DW) in oil palm leaves. Antioxidant assay exhibited great antioxidant activity from the methanolic extracts with IC50 value of 0.646 mg mL-1. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity revealed that methanolic extracts showed broad spectrum activity to all the tested bacteria with inhibition zone of 7.7 – 11.3 ± 0.0 – 1.0 mm. Conclusion: The presence of many bioactive compounds such as alkaloid and flavonoid might responsible for the great antioxidant and antibacterial activities which worth to be further explore.
Reddening and metallicity maps of the Milky Way bulge from VVV and 2MASS - III. The first global photometric metallicity map of the Galactic bulge

Aims. We investigate the large-scale metallicity distribution in the Galactic bulge using large spatial coverage to constrain the bulge formation scenario. Methods. We use the VISTA variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey data and 2MASS photometry, which cover 320 sqdeg of the Galactic bulge, to derive photometric metallicities by interpolating the (J − Ks)0 colors of individual red giant branch stars based on a set of globular cluster ridge lines. We then use this information to construct the first global metallicity map of the bulge with a resolution of 30 � × 45 � . Results. The metallicity map of the bulge revealed a clear vertical metallicity gradient of ∼0.04 dex/deg (∼0.28 dex/kpc), with metalrich stars ([Fe/H] ∼ 0) dominating the inner bulge in regions closer to the Galactic plane (|b| < 5). At larger scale heights, the mean metallicity of the bulge population becomes significantly more metal poor. Conclusions. This fits in the scenario of a boxy bulge originating from the vertical instability of the Galactic bar, formed early via secular evolution of a two-component stellar disk. Older metal-poor stars dominate at higher scale heights due to the non-mixed orbits of originally hotter thick disk stars.
Larval Cardiorespiratory Ontogeny and Allometry in Xenopus laevis

Very little is known about the early development of cardiorespiratory regulatory mechanisms in newly hatched amphibian larvae. We tested whether early cardiovascular responses to hypoxia reflect local-flow regulation in tissues and whether regulation of ventilation would improve during larval development. Cardiac output was calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, and buccal pumping rate was measured at 19° -21° C for Xenopus laevis larvae between Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 44 (just after hatching) and 57 (4-1,102 mg) denied access to air at a range of ambient aquatic Po₂ from normoxia (150-155 mmHg) to severe hypoxia (27-45 mmHg). Cardiac output decreased in severe hypoxia in stage 44-49.5 larvae, but not in stage 51-54 larvae, because heart rate decreased significantly in the early larvae, probably a direct effect of O₂ limitation on cardiac metabolism. Stroke volume did not change significantly in hypoxia in either early- or late-stage larvae. Thus there was no evidence of a tissue-mediated increase in cardiac output in hypoxia. Buccal pumping increased by about 50% over normoxic rates in moderate hypoxia in all larvae but sharply decreased in severe hypoxia, decreasing more in younger larvae than older. Younger larvae show significantly more variability in buccal pumping than older larvae, which suggests that regulatory mechanisms are not yet fully developed in early larvae. Cardiac output scales to body mass with a allometric coefficient of 1.15 ± 0.15 (95% confidence limits), significantly higher than literature values for O₂ uptake (0.83), implying that cardiovascular gas transport may be less important (compared to direct diffusion) in very small early-stage larvae than in larger, late-stage larvae.
Estimating Teacher Value-Added in a Cumulative Production Function

Recent teacher value-added studies nd that teachers play a signicant role in the production of student achievement. However, much of this work makes unattractive assumptions about the persistence of teacher inputs, that if incorrect, will bias not only the importance of teacher quality in the production process, but will also cloud any interpretation regarding the long-run impact of teachers. I develop and estimate a cumulative production function that explicitly accounts for the accumulation of past teacher inputs. I nd that teachers play a larger role in contemporaneous outcomes than previously believed, but that their eect on student achievement is rather short-lived.
γ-ray observations of extraterrestrial neutrino track events

In this paper we report the results of a γ-ray study of IceCube's extraterrestrial neutrino candidates detected as track-like events. Using 70 months of Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations, a likelihood analysis of all 1–300 GeV photons within 5° of the track-like neutrino candidates’ origin was undertaken, to search for spatially coincident γ-ray emission. One of IceCube's HESE (High Energy Starting Event) track events was found to be spatially coincident with a γ-ray bright active galactic nucleus (AGN), PKS 0723-008. We find however that the chance probability for Fermi-LAT detected AGN to be spatially coincident with a single HESE track-like event is high (∼37 per cent). We therefore find no evidence of γ-ray emission associated with the detection of IceCube's HESE track-like neutrino candidates. Upper limits were calculated in the energy range of 1–300 GeV, assuming a point source origin for the neutrino events considered. The implications for the non-detection of γ-ray emission from the source of the HESE track-like events are briefly discussed. The large time period analysed in our study did however reveal two new γ-ray point sources. With a flux of (1.28 ± 0.08) × 10−9 photons cm−2 s−1, in the 1–300 GeV energy range, and an associated TS value of 220.6, one of these new point sources is positionally coincident with the AGN PKS 1346-112. The other point source has a 1–300 GeV flux of (7.95 ± 1.23) × 10−10 photons cm−2 s−1 and an associated TS value of 92.4. This new point source is spatially coincident with the radio source NVSS J072534 + 021645 suggesting that it too is an AGN.
MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING CONCENTRATIONS OF CULTURABLE AIRBORNE BACTERIA IN INDOOR LABORATORIES OVER A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR

This study aimed to assess temporal changes in the concentration of culturable airborne bacteria (CAB) in three microbiology laboratories to determine the environmental factors that affects CAB concentration. The CAB concentration was determined once per month from March 2011 to February 2012 in the three laboratories. An Andersen one-stage sampler was used to collect CAB for 5 min, three times per day. CAB concentrations demonstrated an increasing tendency in summer and fall, but it was difficult to detect consistent seasonal patterns. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), number of people, and activity of people were associated with CAB concentrations. The overall CAB concentrations were significantly greater in the study rooms than that in the laboratory. CAB concentrations in indoor microbiology laboratories varied greatly depending on the number of people and whether or not a humidifier was used.
Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on Substrate Composed of Maize (Zea mays L.) Stem and Cotton (Gossypium spp) Seed Waste

Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus) is known to utilize a wide range of agricultural by -products and organic wastes from agro-processing industries. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the usability of maize stem along with different proportion of cotton seed waste for the growth, yield and yield related parameters of oyster mushroom. From all the different treatments tested, those composed the maize stem: cotton seed waste in the ratio of (60:40 and30:70) showed fastest mycelial run, 3.6 and 7.2 cm respectively, on 7 th and 14 th days of incubation. Maize stem: cotton seed waste (60:40 and 80:20) took shortest time from incubation to 1 st flush 30 days; while maize stem: cotton seed waste (90:10 and 80:20) showed shortest pinning to maturation throughout the flushes. Maize stem: cotton seed waste (30:70) observed to have higher number of aborts 105, higher number of fruiting bodies 125 and maize stem: cotton seed waste (30:70) showed larger pilus diameter 9.2cm, higher fresh weight of matures 795g and highest biological efficiency 159%. Although the total yields of the mushroom biomass, as well as the biological efficiency were greatly affected by the different substrate compositions, all combination of the substrate gave more than 100% biological efficiency which makes maize stem together with cotton seed waste a good option for mass production of oyster mushroom which can produce good quality mushroom fruit bodies. Keywords : Cotton seed waste, growth, maize stem, oyster mushroom, yield
Public procurement and EU tendering directives – explaining non‐compliance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to categorising explanations of non‐compliance of EU tendering directives and to report on a survey study to the impact of these reasons on compliance with the directives.Design/methodology/approach – A literature review resulted in a conceptual model and related hypotheses, pointing at four potential reasons for (non‐)compliance: the purchaser's familiarity with the rules, the perceived inefficiency, organisational incentives to comply, and the expected resistance and readiness of suppliers to take action in case of non‐compliance. The paper uses data from a survey among 147 responding purchasing professionals of the Dutch Ministry of Defence.Findings – The empirical findings indicate that both purchaser's familiarity with the rules and organisational incentives have a positive, statistically significant impact on compliance. Nor the alleged inefficiency of the directives, nor the expected supplier resistance seem to influence the compliance w.
Why " rms issue targeted stock

We analyze market reaction to targeted stock issuances and investigate possible motives for their use. We "nd a statistically signi"cant abnormal return of 3.61% within a three-day window around the announcement of proposed targeted stock issuances, possibly attributable to greater information on targeted stock segments as well as monitoring and motivational advantages. We "nd lower tax-loss carry forwards among "rms that issue targeted stock compared to those that spin o! segments, suggesting that tax reasons motivate targeted stock use. The return and cash #ows of targeted stocks are a! ected more by their common corporate a$liation, although industry in#uences remain strong. ( 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classixcation: G32
N 2014 ‐ 14 VAR ( MA ) , What is it Good For ? More Bad News for Reduced ‐ form Es ma on and Inference

It is common practice to use reduced-form vector autoregression (VAR) models, or more generally vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) models, to characterize the dynamics in observed data and to identify innovations to the macroeconomy in some economically meaningful way. We demonstrate that neither approach—VAR or VARMA—are suitable reduced form guides to “reality”, if reality were induced by some underlying structural DSGE model. We conduct such a thought experiment across a wide class of DSGE structures that imply particular VARMA data generating processes (DGPs). We find that with the typical small samples for macroeconomic data, the MA component of the fitted VARMA models is close to being non-identified. This in turn leads to an order reduction when identifying the lag structures of the VARMA models. As a result, VARMA models barely show any advantage over VARs using realistic sample sizes. However, the VAR remains a truly misspecified approximation. The VAR’s performance deteriorates, in contrast to the VARMA’s, as we enlarge the sample size generated from the true DGPs. JEL: C15, C52, C32.