Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benign breast lesions in Kano

Background: Non-malignant diseases of the breast have assumed increased importance in recent times because of public awareness of breast cancer. This study was carried out to look closely at benign breast lesions in Kano with a view to comparing with data from other centres in Nigeria and abroad. Method: A five-year retrospective review of all histopathologically proven benign breast lesions in the two major hospitals in Kano was carried out. The data were analysed on the basis of the histopathological types, age and sex distribution. Results: Benign breast lesions accounted for 160 (73%) of all breast biopsies seen, and 71.9% of breast diseases in women with a benign to malignant ratio of 2.6 to 1. The mean age at presentation was 26 years. Fibrocystic disease was the commonest histological lesion comprising 55 (34.3%) of all cases, with a mean age of 33 years. This was followed by fibroadenoma accounting for 28.8% with a mean age of 21 years, thus occurring a decade earlier than fibrocystic disease of the breast. Inflammatory breast diseases accounted for 8.1%. Conclusion: This study has shown that benign diseases are common in our environment, and with few exceptions our data was comparable to other Nigerian series, but slightly at variance with the developed world. Keywords: Benign breast lumps, Nigeria. Nig. J. of Surgical Research Vol.4(1-2) 2002: 1-5
Schedule Control and Nursing Home Quality

Aim: To examine whether nursing homes’ quality of care was predicted by schedule control (workers’ ability to decide work hours), independently of other staffing characteristics. Method: Prospective ecological study of 30 nursing homes in New England. Schedule control was self-reported via survey in 2011-2012 (N = 1,045). Quality measures included the prevalence of decline in activities of daily living, residents’ weight loss, and pressure ulcers, indicators systematically linked with staffing characteristics. Outcomes data for 2012 were retrieved from Medicare.gov. Results: Robust Linear Regressions showed that higher schedule control predicted lower prevalence of pressure ulcers (β = −0.51, p < .05). This association was independent of staff mix, staffing ratios, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Conclusion: Higher schedule control might enhance the planning and delivery of strategies to prevent or cure pressure ulcers. Further research is needed to identify potential causal mechanisms by which schedule control could improve quality of care.
Arabidopsis EDS1 Connects Pathogen Effector Recognition to Cell Compartment–Specific Immune Responses

Coordination of different defense pathways across cell compartments produces a fully effective innate immune response. Pathogen effectors are intercepted by plant intracellular nucleotide binding–leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) receptors. However, processes linking receptor activation to downstream defenses remain obscure. Nucleo-cytoplasmic basal resistance regulator EDS1 (ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1) is indispensible for immunity mediated by TIR (Toll–interleukin-1 receptor)–NB-LRR receptors. We show that Arabidopsis EDS1 molecularly connects TIR-NB-LRR disease resistance protein RPS4 recognition of bacterial effector AvrRps4 to defense pathways. RPS4-EDS1 and AvrRps4-EDS1 complexes are detected inside nuclei of living tobacco cells after transient coexpression and in Arabidopsis soluble leaf extracts after resistance activation. Forced AvrRps4 localization to the host cytoplasm or nucleus reveals cell compartment–specific RPS4-EDS1 defense branches. Although nuclear processes restrict bacterial growth, programmed cell death and transcriptional resistance reinforcement require nucleo-cytoplasmic coordination. Thus, EDS1 behaves as an effector target and activated TIR-NB-LRR signal transducer for defenses across cell compartments.
Seasonal hunger as experienced by the Oto and the Twa women of a Ntomba village in the equatorial forest (lake Tumba, Zaïre)

An anthropometric survey in a Ntomba village showed how selected physiological parameters of adult women in different physiological states were affected by the rainy season. One hundred and twenty‐seven Oto, and 50 Twa women were measured at the end of the major dry and the major rainy seasons. The 20–39 age groups and the nursing women seemed to be most affected, with a 1.4 kg weight loss being reported among the Oto. Pregnant women did not lose weight during this time as opposed to some observations in the Sahelian countries. Twa women had significantly lower scores for arm circumference and skinfolds than the Oto of the same physiological state; this was probably related to the poorer nutritional and health status of the Twa in the Ntomba villages.
Associations Between Social Support, Social Networks, and Financial Exploitation in Older Adults

Social support and social networks are important correlates of elder mistreatment. This study tests hypothesized associations between perceived social support, social network size, and financial exploitation (FE). A population-based survey of 903 older adults (60+) in Allegheny County (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) found that lower perceived social support and larger social networks were simultaneously associated with higher risk for FE since age 60, controlling for known risk factors. The same associations were found for FE in the last 6 months. Older adults with larger social networks combined with lower perceived social support were most likely to report FE. When it comes to the role of social relationships and risk for FE, “more may not always be better. ” Encouragement to widen the social network by “making new friends” should be stressed less than making sure these new network members will truly be supportive of the older adult.
Analyzing Solar Cycles

Does the recent longer-than-usual minimum in sunspot activity indicate that we are heading for an extended period of solar inactivity? Since observational records began about 300 years ago, and very likely for millions of years before that, the Sun has displayed cyclically varying magnetic activity (1). Approximately every 11 years, a maximum of activity is reached, with a large number of sunspots (see the figure, panel A) present on the solar surface, strong x-ray emission from the corona, and a peak in the number of flares and coronal mass ejections. The latter cause mid- and low-latitude aurorae, disrupt radio communications, perturb navigation systems and radars, produce electric power outages, and can pose radiation hazards for astronauts and aircraft crew.
Relationships Between Living Arrangements and Health Status Among Older Adults in the United States, 2009-2014: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey

Limited research has examined how health varies across living arrangements among older adults. Adults aged 65 years and older were sampled from National Health Interview Survey 2009-2014. Four indicators of health (serious psychological distress, health status, functional limitations, and number of health conditions) were compared across older adults living alone, living with others related/unrelated, living with a spouse/partner (no children), and living with children (no spouse/partner). Regression models showed older adults living with others have the poorest health; they were less likely to report excellent or very good health, had serious psychological distress and limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), and a greater number of health conditions compared with older adults living with a spouse/partner. However, older women living alone or with children were more likely to report two or more health conditions compared with women living with a spouse/partner, suggesting that in older age, there are gender variations in health across living arrangements.
Visualizing Long-Term Memory Formation in Two Neurons of the Drosophila Brain

Challenging the Mushroom Bodies Early memory is labile and is gradually consolidated over time into long-lasting, stable memory. In several species, including mammals, memory consolidation depends on protein synthesis. In Drosophila, long-term memory is produced by spaced repetitive training, which induces cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–response element–binding protein (CREB)–dependent gene transcription and de novo protein synthesis. Using a large number of genetic tools, Chen et al. (p. 678; see the Perspective by Dubnau) localized this CREB-dependent induction of de novo protein synthesis to two dorsal-anterior-lateral neurons in the adult brain. Importantly, protein synthesis was not required within the mushroom bodies, which are usually considered to be the site of associative learning and memory in insects. Protein synthesis underlying olfactory memory storage takes place outside the mushroom body—the site of memory storage. Long-term memory (LTM) depends on the synthesis of new proteins. Using a temperature-sensitive ribosome-inactivating toxin to acutely inhibit protein synthesis, we screened individual neurons making new proteins after olfactory associative conditioning in Drosophila. Surprisingly, LTM was impaired after inhibiting protein synthesis in two dorsal-anterior-lateral (DAL) neurons but not in the mushroom body (MB), which is considered the adult learning and memory center. Using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein KAEDE to report de novo protein synthesis, we have directly visualized cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element–binding protein (CREB)–dependent transcriptional activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and period genes in the DAL neurons after spaced but not massed training. Memory retention was impaired by blocking neural output in DAL during retrieval but not during acquisition or consolidation. These findings suggest an extra-MB memory circuit in Drosophila: LTM consolidation (MB to DAL), storage (DAL), and retrieval (DAL to MB).
Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Social Context of Depressive Distress in Aging Transgender Adults

This study investigates the relationship between discrimination and mental health in aging transgender adults. Survey responses from 61 transgender adults above 50 (Mage = 57.7, SD = 5.8; 77.1% male-to-female; 78.7% White non-Hispanic) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the relationship between gender- and age-related discrimination, number of everyday discrimination experiences, and past-week depressive distress, adjusting for social support, sociodemographics, and other forms of discrimination. The most commonly attributed reasons for experiencing discrimination were related to gender (80.3%) and age (34.4%). More than half of participants (55.5%) met criteria for past-week depressive distress. In an adjusted multivariable model, gender-related discrimination and a greater number of everyday discrimination experiences were associated with increased odds of past-week depressive distress. Additional research is needed to understand the effects of aging and gender identity on depressive symptoms and develop interventions to safeguard the mental health of this vulnerable aging population.
Umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler reference ranges in a twin population followed longitudinally from 24 to 38 weeks' gestation

To construct monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) and dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin reference ranges for umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI), UA resistance index (RI), fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) from 24 weeks' to 38 weeks' gestation and compare these with published normal values for singleton pregnancies.
Assessing the relative contribution of causes leading to cesarean section among women who had referred to Shahid Madani Clinic in Marand city

Int J Women’s Health Reproduction Sci Vol. 2, No. 1, Winter 2014 ISSN 2330-4456 Assessing the Relative Contribution of Causes Leading to Cesarean Section Among Women Who had Referred to ShahidMadani Clinic in Marand City Zahra Ghanbari1, Rana Shokouhmand2, HakimehKhatoon Asadi2, Shirin Naghizadeh2, Fatemeh Chupani3 Abstract Objectives: Cesarean section is a surgical procedure and it is performed when the normal vaginal delivery is not available or vaginal delivery is dangerous for mother or fetus. In other words, there are some special indications for cesarean section. In the past decade the rate of cesarean delivery in the absence of clear indications has increased. This subject suggests an intensive research and attention. This study has compared the causes of cesarean delivery among women. Material and methods: 100 women who had referred to Shahid Madani Clinic in Marand city, were asked based on questionnaire that included information about patients and a list of causes that could lead women to a cesarean deli ery.Thereafter,the contribution of each cause was assessed. Results: Fear of labor pain is the most common cause of cesarean delivery (35%) while having history of previous caesarean section, fear of disturbing the anatomy of external genitalia , medical indication for caesarean section and cultural beliefescaused with lower rate in comparsion to fear of labor pain. were placed in lower classes. Conclusion: This study showed that, several factors may lead women to caesarean delivery; The fear of labor pain is the most common factor that could be reduced by proper training and holding childbirth preparation classes for pregnant women. 1-Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamc Azad University Tabriz Branch, Iran. 2-Marand Health Network System, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 3-Faculty of Medicine, Department of Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Article History: Received September 2013 Accepted October 2013 Available online January 2014 Corresponding Author: Zahra Ghanbari, General Physician, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, Iran Tel: +989143057376 Email: dr_zahra2009@yahoo.com
A Potent and Broad Neutralizing Antibody Recognizes and Penetrates the HIV Glycan Shield

An HIV antibody achieves potency and breadth by binding simultaneously to two conserved glycans on the viral envelope protein. The HIV envelope (Env) protein gp120 is protected from antibody recognition by a dense glycan shield. However, several of the recently identified PGT broadly neutralizing antibodies appear to interact directly with the HIV glycan coat. Crystal structures of antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) PGT 127 and 128 with Man9 at 1.65 and 1.29 angstrom resolution, respectively, and glycan binding data delineate a specific high mannose-binding site. Fab PGT 128 complexed with a fully glycosylated gp120 outer domain at 3.25 angstroms reveals that the antibody penetrates the glycan shield and recognizes two conserved glycans as well as a short β-strand segment of the gp120 V3 loop, accounting for its high binding affinity and broad specificify. Furthermore, our data suggest that the high neutralization potency of PGT 127 and 128 immunoglobulin Gs may be mediated by cross-linking Env trimers on the viral surface.
A high-voltage driver based on stacked low-voltage transistors with minimized on-resistance for a buck converter in 65 nm CMOS

This paper presents a high-voltage (HV) driver for switching a buck converter. The circuit is based on 3-stacked CMOS using gate control circuits to drive maximum current which indicates minimized on-resistance of the HV-driver thus achieving faster switching. The circuit is designed and fabricated using 65 nm CMOS TSMC process technology with a nominal voltage of 2.5 V and with a supply voltage of 5.5 V. Since the design is based on stacked CMOS transistors, the circuit is technology-independent. The initial on-resistances of the driver pull-up and the pull-down paths have an improvement of 75% and 36% respectively. Due to a buck converter switched by the designed HV-driver, output voltages in the range of 0.45 V to 2.45 V can be achieved from different high supply voltages in the range of 3.5 V to 5.5 V. The circuit occupies an area of 0.187 mm2.
Grass Trumps Trees with Fire

Feedbacks involving rainfall, fire, and vegetation govern transitions between forests, savannas, and grasslands. Ecologists have long assumed that forests, savannas, and grasslands change gradually over space and time, with tree cover responding linearly to gradients in precipitation, aridity, fire disturbance, and grazing pressure. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that these biomes are self-reinforcing and that transitions between them can be nonlinear, governed by feedbacks at local and regional scales (1–3). Two reports in this issue, by Staver et al. on page 230 (4) and by Hirota et al. on page 232 (5), find evidence for these feedbacks and transitions at the global scale. These results suggest that global climate change will be substantially influenced by nonlinear behaviors and feedbacks between biophysical and human systems.
Effects of Harungana madagascariensis Stem Bark Extract on the Antioxidant Markers in Alloxan Induced Diabetic and Carrageenan Induced Inflammatory Disorders in Rats

The complimentary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Harungana madagascariensis stem-bark ethanolic extract on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers induced in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and carrageenan-induced oedema were examined. The study was carried out on normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Oedema was induced by injecting 0.1mL of 1% carrageenan suspension in the right hind paw of rats. The Glutathione (GSH), Lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were estimated by standard spectrophotometric methods, while the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using plethysmometer. The antioxidant activity was estimated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) photometric assay techniques. Administration of ethanolic extract of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark was found to reduce glucose level in diabetic animals and oedema size formation in the right hind paw of rats. Radical scavenging capacity was exhibited by increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats (in vivo) and against DPPH (in-vitro). The antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant extract could be complementary by reducing the high levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, which have been associated with the diabetic condition. These could possibly explain the ways the plant produce its effects against diabetic conditions.
Quality of Life and Radiotherapy Complications of Chinese Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients at Different 3DCRT Stages

Purpose the study aimed to compare the quality of life (QOL) and radiotherapy complications among Chinese nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients at different 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) stages adjusting for other variables. Methods 511 NPC patients at different 3DCRT stages were enrolled. They were interviewed regarding SF-36, complications and socio-demographic variables and cancer- or treatment- related variables. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) based on SF-36, complications scores as dependent variables, 3DCRT stages as independent variables, and other variables as covariate were established. Results The influencing factors of PCS included 3DCRT stages and age group. The influencing factors of MCS included 3DCRT stages and income. Most QOL scores of NPC patients were significantly associated with 3DCRT stage, after accounting for other variables. QOL scores of the patients receiving 3DCRT were the lowest, QOL scores of people after 3DCRT gradually increased. PCS scores of people greater than 5 years after 3DCRT was improved to or even better than the level before 3DCRT. The complications with significantly different scores of patients at different 3DCRT status included xerostomia, throat ache, hypogeusia, caries, hearing loss, snuffles. Conclusions Clinicians should pay more attention to older NPC patients and patients with lower income. When patients receive 3DCRT, measures should be taken to reduce radiation injury to improve the patients' QOL.
On-line map building and navigation for autonomous mobile robots

The problem of sensor-based robot motion planning in unknown environments is addressed. The proposed solution approach prescribes the repeated sequence of two fundamental processes: perception and navigation. In the former, the robot collects data from its sensors, builds local maps and integrates them with the global maps so far reconstructed, using fuzzy logic operators. During the navigation process, a planner based on the A* algorithm proposes a path from the current position to the goal. The robot moves along this path until one of two termination conditions is verified namely (i) an unexpected obstructing obstacle is detected, or (ii) the robot is leaving the area in which reliable information has been gathered. Experimental results are presented for a Nomad 200 mobile robot.
Centrosome Loss in the Evolution of Planarians

Centrosome Center Stage? The centrosome is a major organizer of the cytoskeleton in animal cells. The precise duplication of this organelle at each cell cycle ensures proper organization of the mitotic apparatus and chromosome segregation. However, centrosomes are dispensable for cell division during some stages of development in mouse and Drosophila. Bornens (p. 422) reviews the role of the centrosome in a variety of organisms and discusses how and why they can be dispensed with on occasion. In this vein, Azimzadeh et al. (p. 461, published online 5 January) now demonstrate that centrosomes in Planarian flatworms, best known for their remarkable regeneration abilities, are completely dispensable for both cell division and development. Analysis of centriole assembly in planaria gives insight into the evolution and function of the centrosome in animal cells. The centrosome, a cytoplasmic organelle formed by cylinder-shaped centrioles surrounded by a microtubule-organizing matrix, is a hallmark of animal cells. The centrosome is conserved and essential for the development of all animal species described so far. Here, we show that planarians, and possibly other flatworms, lack centrosomes. In planarians, centrioles are only assembled in terminally differentiating ciliated cells through the acentriolar pathway to trigger the assembly of cilia. We identified a large set of conserved proteins required for centriole assembly in animals and note centrosome protein families that are missing from the planarian genome. Our study uncovers the molecular architecture and evolution of the animal centrosome and emphasizes the plasticity of animal cell biology and development.
Effect of cervical cerclage on rate of cervical shortening

Although cerclage has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent preterm birth in a high‐risk patient population, the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether cerclage affects the rate of cervical shortening taking into account exposure to 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and vaginal progesterone.