Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between self-efficacy, academic achievement and gender in analytical chemistry at Debre Markos College of Teacher Education

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of students’ self-efficacy, gender difference in self-efficacy and achievement and also relationships between self-efficacy and achievement for second year students in the fall of 2012 in Analytical Chemistry I (ACI) at Debre Markos College of Teacher Education (DMCTE). The self-efficacy survey and the ACI achievement test were completed by 100 students. The self-efficacy survey data were gathered by Likert scale questionnaire. By using inferential statistics (t-test), difference of self-efficacy and achievement in gender is calculated and by using Pearson correlation, the relationships between self-efficacy and achievement were investigated. The analysis of the data indicated that students’ level of self-efficacy is medium (50.08), and there is no significant difference in their self-efficacy between sexes (t (98) = 0.161, p> 0.1), but there is a statistically significant difference in achievement between sexes (t (98) = 0.68, p< 0.1) and also a significant relationship exists between self-efficacy and achievement (r=0.385, at 0.01 level with 98 degree of freedom). Based on these results, recommendations which will improve the quality of our training specifically in the field of chemistry are forwarded. [AJCE, 3(1), January 2013]
Mismatches between Humans and Latent Semantic Analysis in Document Similarity Judgments

Modeling how humans judge the semantic similarity between documents (e.g., abstracts from two different psychology articles) is an interesting and challenging topic in cognitive psychology. It also has practical implications for developing artificial intelligence (AI) systems, especially those designed for retrieving relevant information from a large database in response to a given query (e.g., finding new research articles related to a given abstract). Conversely, AI algorithms can provide a useful tool for testing human cognitive models. They can precisely simulate the consequences of specific assumptions about cognition, and these consequences can then be compared against actual human performance. In the process of developing both human cognitive models and AI models, investigating the discrepancy between human and AI performance is essential, although it has rarely been explored with respect to document relatedness judgments. In the current study, I identified a set of document pairs whose relatedness was judged radically differently between humans and a computational model called latent semantic analysis (LSA). Based on an examination of those misjudged document pairs, I proposed a tentative model of vi human document relatedness judgment, called the key-features overlap model. According to this model, document relatedness judgments by humans and computational algorithms can be explained, in part, by the degree of word-pair association across documents. Critically, it suggests that, to judge document relatedness, humans focus primarily on the association between the keywords in each document, while computational algorithms including LSA typically do not. Modifications of target documents to emphasize their keywords, while also providing keywordrelevant background documents to LSA improved LSA’s document relatedness judgments. Such improvement demonstrated the usefulness of the key-feature overlap model-based approach for improving AI algorithms.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY JOB SATISFACTION

This research aims to examine and to analyze the influence of transformational leadershipand work motivation on employee performance Hotel Kartika Graha Malang in Indonesia either through or without through job satisfaction.This study used a sample of 78 employees of Hotel Kartika Graha Malang in Indonesia. This research applies quantitative analysis by using explanatory study. The data is analyzed by using PLS for significant test and Sobel test for mediating test. The result shows that transformational leadership has no significant influence on employee performance but has significant influence toward job satisfaction. Nevertheless, work motivation has a significant influence on both employee performance and job satisfaction. Moreover, job satisfaction has a significant influence on employee performance. Job satisfaction is also fully mediated the influence of transformational leadership toward employee performance and partially mediated the influence of work motivation toward employee performance. The indicator that causes the non-significant influence of the transformational leadership toward employee performance is an individualized consideration, which is not running optimally in Hotel Kartika Graha.
Applying positive psychology to alcohol-misusing adolescents: A group intervention.

Adolescent alcohol misuse is associated with many adverse consequences for well-being (Viner & Taylor, 2007). Positive psychology has pledged to improve adolescent well-being, so what can the fi eld contribute to the treatment of alcohol- misusing young people? This mixed methods study evaluates a pilot group application of positive psychology to alcohol-misusing adolescents, examining its effects on adolescent well-being and alcohol habits. The intervention consisted of eight workshops based on positive psychology models including happiness, strengths, optimism and gratitude. The participants were adolescents attending an alcohol and drug treatment service for young people. The experimental group (n = 10) participated in weekly workshops while a control group (n = 10) received no treatment. The results suggested that the group intervention led to an increase in adolescent well-being and decrease in alcohol consumption. In the quantitative study the results indicated signifi cant increases in happiness, optimism and positive emotions and a signifi cant decline in alcohol dependence. In the qualitative study the main themes were a rise in happiness and other positive emotions; the development of a future goal orientation; a decline in alcohol and drug use and an escalation of change amounting to transformation. The investigation concludes that a positive psychology group intervention can make an effective contribution to the treatment of alcohol-misusing adolescents with a recommendation to take the current pilot forward to a full study.
Guanxi and high performance work systems in China: evidence from a state-owned enterprise

Abstract Existing high performance work system (HPWS) research has rarely considered cultural influences. This study investigates the relationships between guanxi, HPWS and employee attitudes in China. A data-set consisting of 226 employees in a Chinese state-owned enterprise in the railway sector was used to test the hypotheses. Using structural equation modelling as an analytical tool, we found that guanxi was positively related to HPWS and trust. Similar to research in the Western context, HPWS was found to be positively related to trust and job satisfaction. Moreover, the results also revealed that HPWS mediated between guanxi and both trust and job satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are both discussed.
USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS ON GROUNDWATER MODELING PROBLEMS IN A CONSULTING SETTING

This paper presents a practical application for writing and applying simple genetic algorithms (GAs) for the common groundwater flow model, MODFLOW. The method employed by GAs is derived from the driving forces of evolution in the natural world. They employ functions that mimic natural evolutionary processes including selection, mutation, and genetic crossover. A GA solves mathematical problems where a desired outcome to the problem is defined (for example, calibration targets or remediation goals), but the inputs needed to arrive at this outcome are unknown. Our paper includes an introduction to genetic algorithms, the pseudocode of our genetic algorithm for MODFLOW, and the results of an experiential application. Due to the lack of commercially available GAs for MODFLOW, we coded a simple algorithm in Visual Basic Script and applied it to an example model. In the example model, the GA was used to conduct parameter estimation on a MODFLOW model of a river basin in New England that we had previously developed and calibrated in our practice. The calibration target used was net groundwater flow into the river. Four model input parameters were selected as chromosomes for the GA to act on: recharge, river conductance, and two general head boundaries. An initial population of 100 models was developed by varying the value of the gene parameters. The GA ran a MODFLOW simulation for each member of the population, extracted each output file, and established the error of each model from the calibration target. It then evolved the entire population of models towards the calibration target. The GA converged on a single set of input parameter that established best-fit values for all of the
Association of manganese superoxide dismutase gene polymorphism (Ala-9Val) and breast cancer in males and females

INTRODUCAO: Uma das diversas rotas metabolicas envolvidas no processo de carcinogenese da mama e o polimorfismo Ala-9Val do gene da superoxido dismutase dependente de manganes, cuja associacao com o aumento do risco de câncer de mama em mulheres ja e bem estabelecida na literatura. Contudo, nao existem estudos envolvendo esse polimorfismo no carcinoma de mama em homens, principalmente devido a baixa prevalencia dessa neoplasia. O objetivo deste estudo e analisar o polimorfismo da MnSOD em uma populacao de homens e mulheres com câncer de mama no sul do Brasil, comparando tais achados com controles saudaveis. METODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de caso-controle em cem pacientes com câncer de mama (11 homens e 89 mulheres) e 370 controles saudaveis. O DNA foi extraido do tecido tumoral emblocado em parafina. O polimorfismo da MnSOD foi determinado por tecnicas de PCR-RFLP usando a enzima de restricao Hae III. O teste do qui quadrado foi usado para comparar a distribuicao das frequencias dos polimorfismos. RESULTADOS: As frequencias genotipicas dos pacientes com câncer de mama foram AA = 15%; AV = 56%; VV = 29% e dos controles AA = 6,5%; AV = 68,1% e VV = 25,4%. Os pacientes com câncer de mama, tanto as mulheres como os homens, apresentaram frequencias significativamente mais elevadas do genotipo AA quando comparadas aos controles (p = 0,035), sugerindo associacao forte desse genotipo com o câncer de mama. O intervalo de confianca foi de 1,393-4,541 (95%) e o risco encontrado foi de 2,15 para individuos portadores do genotipo AA, quando comparados com os controles que tinham os genotipos VV e AV da MnSOD. DISCUSSAO: Esses resultados confirmam a associacao ja estabelecida do genotipo da MnSOD AA com câncer de mama em mulheres e indicam distribuicao de frequencia similar e risco aumentado na populacao masculina.
Standardized karyotype and idiogram of Thai native swamp buffalo, Bubalus bubalis (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) by convention staining, G-banding, C-banding and NOR-banding techniques

Standardized karyotype and idiogram of the Thai native swamp buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, were studied. Blood samples were taken from two male and two female swamp buffaloes. After lymphocyte culture, the mitotic chromosome preparation was accomplished by hypotonic-air-drying method. Conventional staining, G-banding, C-banding and NOR-banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosome. The results showed that diploid number of Thai native swamp buffalo was 2 n =48, the fundamental numbers (NF) were 58 in both male and female. The types of autosomes were 4 large metacentric, 4 large acrocentric, 2 small submetacentric and 36 small telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was large telocentric chromosome and the Y chromosome was the small telocentric chromosome. From G-banding, each chromosome pair appears with distinctively differentiated. C-banding shown C-positive (dark band) on centromere of all telocentric chromosomes but others appeared as C-negative (light band). NOR-banding exhibited 6 telocentric chromosome pairs. The karyotype formula of Thai native swamp buffalo was as follows: 2 n (diploid) 48 = L m 4 + L a 4 +S sm 2 +S t 36 + sex chromosomes
NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT VARIETY OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) LEAVES

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient and anti-nutrient composition of six varieties of cassava leaf namely Medan, Sri Pontian, Putih, Kuning, Sri Kanji 1 and Sri Kanji 2. Proximate composition, minerals, cyanide and tannin content were analyzed. The results obtained showed that composition of nutrients and antinutrients in cassava leaves is different among the varieties. Cassava leaf of variety Medan has significantly high moisture content, while Sri Pontian has significantly high fibre content and Putih has significantly high content of protein compared to the other varieties. Highest ash content was found in both Putih and Sri Kanji 1 variety, while highest lipid was observed in both Sri Pontian and Sri Kanji 2. Both Medan and Sri Kanji 1 varieties showed significantly high in carbohydrate content. Among the varieties, Sri Pontian has the highest Ca content while Sri Kanji 1 has the highest Na content. Variety Kuning and Sri Kanji 1 have similarly high content of K, while Mg was found to be highest in both Medan and Sri Kanji 1 variety. For anti-nutrients composition, both cyanide and tannin were found to be significantly high in Sri Pontian variety compared to the other varieties. This study showed that cassava leaves has appreciable amount of nutrients and minerals that can be a good source of nutrients in a diet. However, proper pretreatments must be employed prior to consumption to reduce the anti-nutrients content in the leaves.
The role of taxation on resilient economy and development of Rwanda

The study entitled ‘the role of taxation on resilient economy and development of Rwanda was carried out under the period 2013-2016. The main objective of the study was to assess the role of taxation on economic development. The Methodology such as qualitative and quantitative was used in data collection where both primary and secondary data were collected. A questionnaire was designed to 90 sample sizes out of 920 total employees of RRA purposively selected and a documentary technique was used. After collection, data were analysed using SPSS where a correlation coefficient was determined to measure the relationship between variables. Based on the correlation coefficient r=0.790, we concluded that there is a significant relationship between taxation and Rwanda economic development. Thus 62% of Rwandan economic development should be addressed to taxation for enhancement purposes. It is in this regard RRA should develop goods description standards manual for verification purpose and data analysis and Carry out door to door field visits to identify potential traders to be registered.
The Balance Sheet as an Earnings Management Constraint

The balance sheet accumulates the effects of previous accounting choices, so the level of net assets partly reflects the extent of previous earnings management. We predict that managers' ability to optimistically bias earnings decreases with the extent to which the balance sheet overstates net assets relative to a neutral application of GAAP. To test this prediction, we examine the likelihood of reporting various earnings surprises for 3,649 firms during 1993-1999. Consistent with our prediction, we find that the likelihood of reporting larger positive or smaller negative earnings surprises decreases with our proxy for overstated net asset values.
Adjustment Policies and the Environment: A Critical Review of the Literature

Adjustment programmes in developing countries have been the subject of an intense debate since their debut in the early 1980s. Consideration of the environmental consequences of adjustment has added a new dimension to the discussion. This paper seeks to review the existing literature, examining the links between adjustment policies, the environment and the use of natural resources. Special attention is paid to the evidence presented in selected country case studies. A wide diversity of findings suggests that there is no simple answer to the question of whether adjustment is good or bad for the environment. The complexity of adjustment itself makes generalisation impossible, as do the varying circumstances of adjusting countries.
The effectiveness of the creative writing instruction program based on speaking activities (CWIPSA)

This study aims to develop a creative writing instruction program based on speaking activities and to investigate its effect on fourth-grade primary school students' creative writing achievements and writing attitudes. The experimental method based on the pre-test/post-test model was used in this research. The research was conducted with 42 students, who were picked from fourth-grade primary school students studying in Ordu, Turkey in the academic year of 2014/2015. The students were divided into two groups: experimental group (21 students) and control group (21 students). CWIPSA was applied to the experimental group and the standard fourth-grade grade Turkish curriculum was applied to the control group. It was found that, as a result of the research, there was an increase in the control group students' scores for writing attitudes and creative writing achievements, as well as a significant difference between the control and experimental groups' scores for writing attitude and creative writing achievements, in favour of the experimental group.
Habitat suitability, threats and conservation strategies of hump-nosed pit viper Hypnale hypnale Merrem (Reptilia: Viperidae) found in Western Ghats, Goa, India

Recent studies indicate that most species are best conserved in their natural community, which results in niche conservation. Depletion of any species is an irreversible change. In the present study the habitat ecology, threats and conservation strategies for the Hump-nosed Pit Viper Hypnale hypnale are suggested. The present study was undertaken in some protected areas (PAs) of Goa and the cashew plantations adjoining these PAs. H. hypnale prefers cool and moist places; most of the females of this species are found to spend the period from post monsoon to late summer in the cashew plantations adjoining and within the PAs, making them more susceptible to anthropogenic threats. We conclude that this pattern of seasonal changes in habitat use is mostly a consequence of niche conservation. However, this preference for a particular micro-habitat emphasizes the importance for the conservation of this snake population and although the most suitable habitat in the Western Ghats, for this species is included in the protected areas, specific guidelines are needed to assess conservation needs.
Reproductive performance and natural antagonists of univoltine population of Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) at epidemic level: a study from Šumava Mountains, Central Europe.

Lukášová K. , Holuša J., Grucmanová Š. 2012: Reproductive performance of univoltine population of Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) at epidemic level in Central Europe: case study of small-scale and short-term bark beetles outbreak in the Šumava Mts. – Beskydy, 5 (2): 153–162 Population of I. typographus was studied in one locality with small-scale and short-term outbreak distant from large-scale and long-term outbreak area by several hundred meters. In total, ten spruce trees infested by the spruce bark beetle were examined. Always four stripes of bark (sample area) with the length equal to half the circumference of the trunk and the width of approximately 0.5 m were analyzed. The local spruce bark beetle population was characterized by high population density (1.5±1.2 entry holes per dm2), low number of eggs per female, and short maternal galleries. Relatively low reproductive success (0.8 female offspring per one mother beetle, percentage of surviving individuals varies between 1and 18 % was documented. The parasitism rate of living developmental stages of spruce bark beetle by larval parasitoids averaged 14 %. The level of infestation by pathogens and endoparasitoids in maternal beetles from their galleries was low. Highly likely, it is a result of short-term outbreak during which response of parasitoids was delayed in time.
What house posts tell us about status difference in prehistoric tahitian society: An interpretation of charcoal analysis, sacred woods and inter-site variability

The identification of the types of wood used to fashion house posts, in particular the presence of sacred or ritual tree species, in prehistoric Tahitian society in order to test the varying social status and function is discussed. The materials used to construct dwelling structures are demonstrated to be more than functional elements and serve as ideological symbols of the residents' wealth, status, and identity.
A Two-dimensional Growth Process

It is the purpose of this paper to examine certain of the properties of populations of cells, in particular, properties relating to the architecture of cell colonies. We imagine that the underlying process in the growth of an organism begins with a single cell (perhaps derived from the fusion of two germ cells), and then continues by a process in which the initial cell divides into daughter cells. These in turn divide into other cells, these divide further, and so on. The rates of division, the rates of growth of the individual cells, the ultimate size of each cell, its life span, the cellular form, and the procedures of differentiation are constrained by the "information" contained in the cells at any time t and by the environment of each cell, that is, the nutrient medium and the cells surrounding it. That the process of morphogenesis is not entirely determined is fairly obvious. Evidence in favor of the conception that the development of form contains certain indeterminate features is found in studies of twins. Monozygotic twins are initially endowed with identical genetic "information," and if this information were to control the generating process completely, then the twins should be identical in every detail. It is true that by and large there is a greater correlation between morphological properties of monozygotic twins than those of fraternal twins. Still, so-called monozygotic offspring do not exhibit perfect correlations even in rather gross features such as in the dermal ridge count of fingerprints [1], the scute (scale) counts in nine-banded armadillo quadruplets [2], or the skin color patterns in cow twins [3]. There is less correlation in considering finer features such as patterns of retinal venation. There is little evidence available but it is to be anticipated that, on a cellular level, there would be little more correlation between twins than between any other members of a given species population. That is, it seems reasonable to assume that the "blueprint" of structure does not extend down to the position of every cell in the organism. Indeed, workers in the field of neural networks have made an operating principle of the assumption that the connections of individual neurons are essentially random.