Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earning and Learning: Educational Policy and the Growth of Part‐Time Work by Full‐Time Pupils

The ‘traditional’ view, in both educational and labour-market policy, of the transition from education to employment centres on the school-leaving decision — in other words, on a particular point in time when the individual concerned decides to leave full-time education and enter the labour market. The pattern and timing of school-leaving decisions have given cause for considerable concern amongst policymakers in the UK. Many more individuals leave full-time education prematurely in the UK than in other industrialised (and some industrialising) countries, and there has been considerable discussion of the role that may be played by financial factors in early school leaving (for example, Micklewright, Pearson and Smith (1988 and 1990)). In response to these concerns, educational and social security policies have sought to discourage early entry into the labour market, whilst labour-market policies directed at the 16- to 18-year-old age-group have concentrated on providing training and work experience to those who have taken the decision to leave school.
Expression of βb‐amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in the retina of the rat during normal development and after neonatal optic tract lesion

IMMUNOREACTIVITY to β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) was present in the inner plexiform, ganglion cell and optic fibre layers, as well as in blood vessels, at birth in normally developing rat retinas. In the inner plexiform layer immunoreactivity disappeared by postnatal day (P) 14. A small population of ganglion cells was immunoreactive at birth, but none were visible at P7. From P14 onwards, however, there was weak immuno-reactivity in ganglion cells again, and strong staining in Müller glia. Retinas affected by neonatal optic tract lesions contained more immunoreactive ganglion cells at P4 than did controls, but by P14 there was a severe loss of ganglion cells. These observations are consistent with APP being involved in retinal differentiation, including maturation of glia and neurones, synaptogenesis and possibly neuronal survival.
Systemic Administration of NMDA and AMPA Receptor Antagonists Reverses the Neurochemical Changes Induced by Nigrostriatal Denervation in Basal Ganglia

Abstract: In Parkinson’s disease, nigrostriatal denervation leads to an overactivity of the subthalamic nucleus and its target areas, which is responsible of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Because the subthalamic nucleus uses glutamate as neurotransmitter and is innervated by glutamatergic fibers, pharmacological blockade of glutamate transmission might be expected to restore the cascade of neurochemical changes induced by a dopaminergic denervation within the basal ganglia. To test this hypothesis, two types of glutamate antagonists, the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 and the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist LY293558, were administered systemically, either alone or in combination with L‐DOPA, in rats with a unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. The effect of treatment was assessed neurochemically by analyzing at the cellular level the functional activity of basal ganglia output structures and the subthalamic nucleus using the expression levels of the mRNAs coding for glutamic acid decarboxylase and cytochrome oxidase, respectively, as molecular markers of neuronal activity. The present study shows that treatment with glutamate antagonists, and particularly with AMPA antagonists, alone or in combination with L‐DOPA, reverses the overactivity of the subthalamic nucleus and its target areas induced by nigrostriatal denervation. These results furnish the neurochemical basis for the potential use of glutamate antagonists as therapeutic agents in Parkinson’s disease.
Prescribing Pattern in Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Study

Prescribing pattern of various drugs prescribed in coronary artery disease was studied. It is a prospective, observational study in the Department of Cardiology at Global Hospital, Hyderabad conducted from January 2012 to September 2012. Pattern of different drugs prescribed in coronary artery disease were analyzed. 170 patients were included in the study. Out of these, 124 (72.94%) were male patients and 46 (27.06%) were female patients. Most of the patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease were of the age group of 46-66 (72.36%). The most common co-morbid conditions were hypertension in 110 (64.71%) and diabetes in 66 (38.82%) patients. The prescription pattern of various cardiovascular drugs were found to be as – antiplatelet drugs 169 (99.41%), antihyperlipidemic drugs 162 (95.29%), antibiotics 158 (92.94%), anti-anginal drugs 137 (80.59%), antihypertensives 110 (64.71%), anticoagulants 110 (64.71%), diuretics 106 (62.35%) and bronchodilators 31 (18.24%). Non-cardiological drugs use was also recorded. The average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 9.68 and the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was found as 1.76%. The percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed was 92.94%. The most commonly prescribed drug classes in coronary artery disease were antiplatelet drugs followed by antihyperlipidemics and antibiotics. This was followed by anti-anginal drugs, antihypertensives and anticoagulants. Polypharmacy (9.68 drugs per prescription) was noticed. Very few drugs were prescribed by generic name. The prescribing pattern could be improved by reducing the number of drugs per prescription and by prescribing generic drugs to reduce the economic burden of the patients.
Effects of food, proximity, and kinship on social behavior in ringtailed lemurs

Efforts to understand the variation in primate social systems and their underlying interaction patterns have focused on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In the socioecological model, food distribution and abundance have been argued to be the primary influences on the social behavior of primate species. We examined the relationship of food resources and two intrinsic factors—kinship and proximity—with patterns of affiliative and agonistic relationships in two semi‐free ranging ringtailed lemur, Lemur catta, social groups (N=14) at The Duke Lemur Center in Durham, NC. In analyzing these three factors concurrently within the same system, we attempt to establish their relative power in explaining the characteristics of social relationships. Patterns of affiliation and high‐intensity agonism were best explained by kinship. Proximity also explained affiliation but did not explain agonism, which varied considerably between groups. The influence of food on social interactions was highly variable between the two groups and, therefore, did not convincingly account for the social behavior patterns we observed. Finally, different intensities of agonism have different patterns and should be analyzed individually. The variation between social groups makes it difficult for us to conclude that any one factor is primarily and universally responsible for patterns of social behavior in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 72:981–991, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lyssavirus-reactive antibodies in Swedish bats

Introduction To study the presence of European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) infections in bat reservoirs in Sweden, active surveillance was performed during the summers from 2008 to 2013. Material and methods Bat specimens were collected at >20 bat colonies in the central, southeastern, and southern parts of Sweden. In total, blood and saliva of 452 bats were examined by a virus neutralization test and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs). Results and discussion EBLV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 14 Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii), all trapped in Skåne or Småland (south and southeast of Sweden). The result was not unexpected since EBLV has been shown to be present in many neighboring countries, for example, Denmark, Finland, Germany, and Norway. However, Sweden has been regarded free of rabies in terrestrial mammals since 1896. Although very rare, spillover of EBLV into other animals and humans have occurred, and the risk of EBLV infection to other species including humans should not be ignored. This is the first report of lyssavirus infection in Swedish bats.
Changing Role of the Corporate Information Systems Officer

This article examines the evolving role of the chief information officer. It reviews current thinking on this role and then tests three hypotheses described by Rockart et al., through a survey conducted with 25 large organizations. The results indicate that IS responsibility is rapidly being distributed, and that the senior IS executive is emphasizing staff responsibilities and is becoming proactive in business strategy issues.
P-selectin inhibition enhances thrombus resolution and decreases vein wall fibrosis in a rat model.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of P-selectin inhibition with standard anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy in a rodent model of established deep vein thrombosis (DVT). METHODS Rats underwent temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation for 2 days to create a stasis-induced thrombosis. On day 2, the animals had the IVC ligature removed and received either recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-Ig (rPSGL-Ig; 4 mg/kg) intravenously, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH; 450 IU/kg) subcutaneously, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; 0.5 mg/kg) intravenously, combination rPSGL-Ig plus tPA, or saline vehicle. IVC segments were harvested from rats at 4 (n = 8) and 7 (n = 3) days after treatment. All treatments were given as a single dose except for daily LMWH. Evaluation included contrast venography with computer image analysis, thrombus weight/length (mass), vein wall leukocyte counts, cytokine and tissue factor analysis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and (ED1) monocyte immunohistochemical staining. Collagen was estimated with a quantitative assay. RESULTS Contrast venography revealed that rats with both rPSGL-Ig and tPA treatment had significantly smaller thrombi as compared with controls at day 7 (0.34 +/- 0.07 cm(2) and 0.34 +/- 0.05 cm(2) versus 0.68 +/- 0.13 cm(2); P <. 05). LMWH and tPA groups had significantly decreased thrombus mass at harvest compared with controls on day 4 (0.06 +/- 0.009 g/cm and 0.08 +/- 0.01 g/cm versus 0.1 +/- 0.005 g/cm; P <.05), and rPSGL-Ig showed a similar trend (P =.072). Vein wall, but not thrombus, monocytes were more numerous in those rats receiving rPSGL-Ig versus controls at day 4 (30 +/- 4 cells/5 high power fields [HPFs] versus 19 +/- 2 cells/5 HPFs; P <.05) and at day 7 (32 +/- 2 cells/5 HPFs versus 20 +/- 3 cells/5 HPFs; P <.05). rPSGL-Ig treatment was associated with significantly reduced vein wall collagen at day 7 versus controls (1.3 +/- 0.6 pg/mg versus 3.7 +/- 0.5 pg/mg; P <.05) and a trend toward lower tissue factor levels. CONCLUSION rPSGL-Ig, LMWH, and tPA showed equal DVT resolution efficacy over 7 days. However, only rPSGL-Ig was associated with a decrease in vein wall fibrosis, suggesting that purely accelerating DVT resolution may not decrease long-term vein scarring.
The Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Composite Resin Materials with and without Fiber

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of solutions, times of storage and reinforcement with fiber on the flexural strength of different composite materials. Nanofill and nanohybrid composite materials with and without fiber, a glass fiber and polyethylene fiber, were tested in the present study. 72 specimens (25×2×2 mm³) were prepared as following six groups; Group ECME: everStick Fibre / Clearfil Majesty Esthetics, Group EFU: ever Stick Fibre / Filtek Ultimate, Group RCME: Ribbond Fibre / Clearfil Majesty Esthetics, Group RFU: Ribbond Fibre / Filtek Ultimate, Group CME: Clearfil Majesty Esthetics, Group FU: Filtek Ultimate. The specimens were stored in distilled water and mouthwash and tested after 24 hours and 7 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Schefee test. It was found that the EFU group in distilled water for 24 hours had the highest flexural strength and the CME group in mouthwash for 7 days had the lowest flexural strength. The storage times and the solutions were not statistically significant factors affecting on the flexural strength. The mean flexural strength values of the RCME and the RFU groups were similar to the FU group.
The Role of Inclusion Binding Contributions for β-Cyclodextrin Polymers Cross-Linked with Divinyl Sulfone?—A Comment on Morales-Sanfrutos et al. Entitled “Divinyl Sulfone Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin-Based Polymeric Materials: Synthesis and Applications as Sorbents and Encapsulating Agents”, Molecules,

This commentary reports on a recent scientific study reported in this journal (cf. Molecules 2015, 20(3), 3565–3581). Some key scientific issues that require further explanation and clarification in the former article are as follows: (i) the relationship between the inclusion site accessibility and the level of cross-linking employed are brought into question for the case of α-CD and β-CD cross-linked adsorbent materials; (ii) the binding affinity of the CD/guest complexes were not related to the isotherm parameters for the CD-polymer/guest systems; (iii) the limited molecular level structural characterization of the cross-linked polymer materials; and (iv) the interpretation of the adsorption isotherm results by the authors.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with MEN 1

Dear Editor, We hereby report the case of a patient with concurrent MEN 1 syndrome and medullary thyroid cancer; a combination of neoplasms which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described. The patient, a 61‐year‐old female, was a member of an isolated population in which one of the menin gene variants associated with MEN 1 was originally identified [1]. She had tested positive for a mutation in the menin gene herself after presenting with the classic triad of prolactinoma, pancreatic neoplasms, and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. Ten years following her first parathyroid surgery (a subtotal parathyroidectomy and partial thyroidectomy for an intrathyroidal gland) her hyperparathyroidism recurred. After suffering severe renal colic and ultimately requiring nephrectomy for a staghorn calculus, she was referred back to her surgeon. Despite re‐operation where a single remaining parathyroid gland was identified and removed, her Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels began to rise again. Within a decade she developed refractory gastritis, reflux, and worsening osteoporosis, and her renal function started to decline. As such she was referred for surgical consideration once more. When assessed in our clinic, she had a palpable, left‐sided thyroid nodule, which ultrasound demonstrated to be a 2 cm heterogeneous lesion with microcalcifications. This nodule had reportedly been biopsied three times in the past, always with benign pathology. The ultrasound showed no suspicious parathyroid tissue, but a Sesatmibi scan showed delayed uptake in the left lower neck suggestive of a parathyroid lesion. Given the patient’s symptoms and her rising PTH and calcium levels on the background of a prior nephrectomy and declining kidney function, she was offered repeat parathyroid exploration despite the anticipated difficulty of the case. As the patient did not wish to have on‐ going surveillance of the thyroid nodule, simultaneous completion thyroidectomy was planned as well. As expected, the operation was challenging on account of significant scar tissue, but both the recurrent laryngeal nerve and a structure resembling a parathyroid were ultimately identified. Half of the lesion was preserved and half resected, with part submitted for fresh frozen section. The thyroid lobe was then removed as well. Unfortunately, the frozen section did not confirm parathyroid tissue, and despite exploration of the tracheoesophageal groove, thymus and carotid
Considering the vascular hypothesis for the pathogenesis of small intestinal atresia: A case control study of genetic factors

Small intestinal atresia (SIA) is a rare congenital occlusion of the small intestine. SIA development, particularly in the jejunum and ileum, has been associated with in utero disruption of vascular supply. However, the number of studies of the vascular hypothesis is limited. This study considers the vascular hypothesis by exploring risks associated with 32 SNPs of genes involved in vascular processes of homocysteine metabolism, coagulation, cell–cell interactions, inflammatory response, and blood pressure regulation. A total of 206 SIA cases were ascertained by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, and 573 infants with no major congenital anomalies by their first birthday were selected as controls. Genomic DNA was genotyped for 32 SNPs involving the following genes: MTHFR, F2, F5, F7, SERPINE1, FGB, ITGA2, ITGB3, SELE, ICAM1, MMP3, TNF, LTA, NOS3, AGTR1, AGT, NPPA, ADD1, SCNN1A, GNB3, and ADRB2. Risks were estimated as odds ratios, adjusted for maternal age and race, with 95% confidence intervals. Cases were considered collectively and by subgroups based on atresia location (duodenal/jejunum/ileum). Three SNPs had reduced risk: SERPINE1 11053 T/G, MMP3 (‐1171) A6/A5, and ADRB2 gln27glu. Two had increased risk: ITGA2 873 G/A and NPPA 2238 T/C. No intestinal subphenotypes showed a unique pattern of SNP associations. The association of two SNPs with increased risk lends some, albeit limited, support to vascular impairment as a possible mechanism leading to SIA. These results also identify genes meriting further exploration in SIA studies. Hence, this study makes an important contribution by exploring the long‐held but not well‐investigated vascular hypothesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous rupture of the cervical oesophagus following nose blowing: a case report

Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus is a rare event. Most have been reported in association with oesophageal carcinoma, peptic ulceration and alcohol abuse followed by forceful episode of vomiting. We, however, report a case of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus in an otherwise healthy individual with no history of alcohol intake, as a consequence of blowing of the nose.
Le Tiers-éducatif. Une nouvelle relation pédagogique

L'ouvrage etudie le role et la fonction du tiers dans l'education du sujet jeune, aussi bien dans sa contruction psychique (a partir de Freud, Lacan et Kaes) que dans sa construction intellectuelle (a l'aide de Piaget et de Bachelard). Il aborde ensuite le role et la fonction du tiers dans la formation du sujet adulte. Le cadre pedagogique a egalement ete interroge : a quelle condition et sous quelle forme peut-il servir de tiers ? Des situations contrastees ont ete choisies pour etayer les propos : accompagnement d'adultes en insertion sociale et professionnelle, formation de doctorants a l'universite, d'ingenieurs des grandes ecoles, mais aussi accompagnement de jeunes issus de l'immigration par des associations de quartier.
Reale Konjunkturzyklen, Effizienzlöhne und die Rolle von Ölpreisschocks: Eine theoretische und empirische Analyse für Deutschland

Bereits Ende der siebziger Jahre wurde die Trennung zwischen lang- und kurzfristiger okonomischer Analyse in Frage gestellt und von der Real Business Cycle (RBC)-Theorie kurze Zeit spater analytisch uberwunden. Der empirische Gehalt ursprunglicher RBC-Modelle erweist sich zwar insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund restriktiver Annahmen auch heute noch als erstaunlich gut. Allerdings haben sich fur dieses Konzept in seiner ursprunglichen Form gravierende Erklarungsdefizite gezeigt. So weisen insbesondere die Arbeitsmarkte in entwickelten Volkswirtschaften konjunkturelle Muster auf, die von traditionellen RBC-Modellen nur ungenugend erklart werden konnen. Tobias Zimmermann zeigt, dass diese Mangel durch eine explizite Modellierung bestimmter Unvollkommenheiten wirkungsvoll beseitigt werden konnen. Inhaltlich legen die Ergebnisse die Vermutung nahe, dass Effizienzlohne fur die Erklarung der strukturellen Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland eine grosere Bedeutung haben als haufig angenommen. Zudem pladieren sie dafur, den Potenzialoutput als den Output zu definieren, der sich bei vollig flexiblen Lohnen und Preisen unter Berucksichtigung der (Angebots-)Schocks und der daraus folgenden Anpassungen ergibt. Ein solches Gleichgewicht musste mit Hilfe eines RBC-Modells berechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse einer traditionellen Konjunkturdiagnose, welche statistische Filterverfahren verwendet, und einer Diagnose auf der Grundlage von RBC-Modellen konnen daher zu vollig unterschiedlichen wirtschaftspolitischen Implikationen fuhren. Damit gibt es gute Grunde fur eine adaquate Berucksichtigung der Grundgedanken der RBC-Theorie bei der praktischen Konjunkturanalyse, und dies weist auch den Weg in eine fundiertere wirtschaftspolitische Beratung.
“Collision Phenomenon” of Prostate and Bladder Cancers in Lymph Node Metastases

We report here the case of a 78‐year‐old man who, 15 months after orchiectomy for palliation of prostate adenocarcinoma, was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The bladder cancer was treated surgically, including dissection of pelvic lymph nodes. Some of these nodes were observed at surgery to be swollen, and were found on pathologic examination to exhibit the collision phenomenon: the mixing and mingling of cancer cells representing 2 distinct topographic origins. This case suggests that the possibility of collision phenomenon should be considered whenever any metastasis (but especially one in the lymph nodes) is found in a patient diagnosed with 2 different types of cancer. Moreover, it reminds us that diagnosis of one type of cancer does not rule out the possibility of another.