Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INTERLANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTICLES IN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Speakers of other languages often have trouble learning the article system in English. This study traces the development of six learners, three Arabic speakers whose first language (L1) has articles and three Chinese speakers whose L1 does not. The study follows how learners use articles and maps that usage onto Huebner's (1983) semantic wheel to see their interlanguage form-function relationships with articles. Short spontaneous speeches by two groups of learners over the course of a year were used to see if the learners' L1 affects their development (Master, 1997; Zobl, 1982). Articles are examined in the context of the noun phrase in which they appear (Liu & Gleason, 2002; Huebner, 1983; Parrish, 1987; Robertson, 2000) and the countability of the noun phrase is also considered (Hiki, 1990). It was found that the Arabic speakers were more accurate in their use of the and ¨, but the Chinese were more accurate with a(n). Overall, there are few differences between the target-like use of the two groups and this is hypothesized to be due to neither Arabic nor Chinese having an indefinite article (Kharma, 1981; Thompson-Panos & Thomas-Ruþia, 1983; Roberston, 2000). However, because Arabic has a definite article while Chinese does not, the Arabic speakers seem to develop a more target-like representation of the earlier than the Chinese speakers. The Chinese speakers confirmed acquisition stages proposed by Thomas (1989), while the Arabic speakers seem to associate a in introductory contexts (I had a friend named Tom) before existential contexts (That is a truck) and this is hypothesized to be a result of L1 transfer. This study concludes by illustrating the development using Huebner's semantic wheel to map out both groups' form-function relationships over time (Butler, 2002; Huebner, 1983) and suggesting that the article acquisition stages proposed are not as universal as previously thought (Master, 1995; Thomas, 1989), but actually differ based on features in the learner's L1.
Chombo Software Package for AMR Applications Design Document

Chombo Software Package for AMR Applications Design Document M. Adams P. Colella D. T. Graves J. N. Johnson H. S. Johansen N. D. Keen T. J. Ligocki D. F. Martin P. W. McCorquodale D. Modiano P. O. Schwartz T. D. Sternberg B. Van Straalen Applied Numerical Algorithms Group Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA February 27, 2014
Flipped Classroom, Flipped Teaching and Flipped Learning in the Foreign/Second Language Post–Secondary Classroom

The term “flipped classroom”, coined in 2007, represents a pedagogy aligned with long-established principles of student-centered learning. Over the last two decades, the flipped classroom has been adopted by instructors across a range of disciplines, from primary to post-secondary settings. During its development, the characteristics of the flipped classroom have evolved, as have the terminology used to reference it, leading practitioners and researchers to now address it as flipped classroom, flipped teaching or flipped learning. In this article, these terms will be used interchangeably. The article will examine the foundations of flipped learning, discuss its roots in learner-centered pedagogy, trace its development over the last two decades, profile its characteristics, and examine the feedback on its effectiveness and challenges as provided by flipped learning instructors and researchers. An attempt will be made to answer the following four questions. Where does flipped learning fit on the continuum of learner-centered pedagogies? How have educators responded, both positively and negatively, to the flipped learning/teaching approach? How has flipped learning been implemented in the foreign/second language (FL/L2) classroom? What are some considerations and recommendations for FL/L2 instructors contemplating using this approach in the FL/L2 post-secondary context? Finally, some suggestions will be made regarding next steps in research on flipped learning.
Making sense of human behavior: Action parsing and intentional inference

There is not much in terms of theoretical resolution in this paper, and its main point is in experimental data showing that our attention and perception is indeed guided by an immediate segmentation into actions that are meaningful to the actor's intentions. This was shown by comparing attention to tone placement within and between intentional actions. Similar results were produced in infants using habituation tests.
Semi-durable subscriptions: a technique to achieve high performance in mobile wireless publish/subsc

By decoupling publishers and subscribers in space, time and flow publish/subscribe systems allow for disconnected operations and mobility. This feature along with their flexible, scalable and asynchronous nature makes them a good choice for the mobile wireless domain. Our research investigates the extension of publish/subscribe middleware to mobile cellular networks with the focus on their performance in such networks. The results show that current implementations of publish/subscribe systems as well as the traditional solutions for extending publish/subscribe system to the mobile domain do not perform well in highly mobile and unreliable wireless settings. In order to overcome the challenges faced by publish/subscribe systems in a wireless mobile domain, this paper introduces a novel technique called semi-durable subscriptions. We present the design and implementation of semi-durable subscriptions technique and through rigorous experimentation prove its efficacy and supremacy over traditional solutions in mobile wireless environments. We also detail rich system parameter space of semi-durable subscriptions and demonstrates how it can be controlled to configure the system according to the needs of the given mobility environment and/or to get the desired characteristics. Finally we discuss how the concept of semi-durable subscriptions can be extended to deal with regionalism.
Comprehension and Motivation Levels in Conjunction with the Use of eBooks with Audio: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Post-Secondary Remedial Reading Students.

This quasi-experimental pretest, posttest nonequivalent control group study investigated the comprehension scores and motivation levels of post-secondary remedial reading students in a two-year technical college in Northwest Georgia using an eBook, an eBook with audio, and a print book. After reading a module on Purpose and Tone in the three book formats, data was collected from a convenience sample of 67 participants. Data consisted of reading comprehension scores taken from a pretest and posttest and reading motivation scores taken from a pre-survey and post-survey. The pretest and pre-survey were not used as covariates in the final analyses as they were not found to significantly influence the variables in the study. A one-way ANOVA was conducted on reading comprehension posttest results and indicated no statistically significant difference among book format groups. A MANOVA was conducted on reading motivation post-survey results. Pillai’s Trace was used to assess for equality of group means, a significant difference was found between groups on combined dependent variables. Univariate ANOVAs were run on each dependent variable and tested at an adjusted level of . 025. Using the adjusted alpha level, none of the univariate ANOVAs reached significance. This study indicates using eBooks with audio in the college classroom may assist professors and students in providing an alternate method for delivering information and thus impacting reading comprehension, reading motivation, and college completion.
Tools for learning: technology and teaching strategies

This chapter aims to help preservice teachers consider the possibilities for embedding technology into teaching. After reading this chapter you should be able to: 1. Understand the role of technology in education. 2. Identify technological applications and resources used in classrooms today. 3. Be aware of how you might embed technology through a range of teaching and learning strategies. 4. Evaluate technological tools to support teaching and learning. 5. Understand possible challenges and barriers you may face as a new teacher using technology.
A Framework for Application Performance Modeling and Prediction

Professional Experience May, 2003 – present Adjunct Assistant Professor CSE Dept. U.C. San Diego May, 2003 – present Assistant Research Scientist San Diego Supercomputer Center May, 2001 – May, 2002 Lecturer CSE Dept. U. C. San Diego Feb, 2000 – April 2003 Mgr. PMaC Group San Diego Supercomputer Center Aug, 1997 – Feb. 2000 Staff/Grad Student San Diego Supercomputer Center Mar, 1995 – July 1997 Mgr. Vis. Group San Diego Supercomputer Center May, 1994 – Feb., 1995 Programming Staff San Diego Supercomputer Center
Teaching and Learning with Multimedia

Part One: Introduction 1. An Introduction to Multimedia 2. IT and Multimedia in Education: Lessons from the Past Part Two: Learning with Multimedia 3. Learners and Reading 4. Learners and Information Handling 5. The Medium and the Message: Learners and the Words, Sounds and Images Part Three: Multimedia and Schools 6. Teachers and Multimedia 7. Teachers and Schools Part Four: Conclusions 8. Looking Back, Looking Forward Appendix One: glossary Appendix Two: Discography References Index
Combining aesthetics and perception for display retargeting

Cette these presente des contributions sur differents aspects du ''display retargeting'' dans le cadre de l'imagerie HDR (pour High Dynamic Range imaging en anglais). Bien que les contributions soient diverses, elles sont motivees par notre conviction que la preservation de l'intention artistique et la prise en compte de caracteristiques en termes de perception du systeme visuel humain sont essentielles pour un ''display retargeting'' esthetiquement et visuellement confortable.
RadCat 3.0 user guide.

RADTRAN is an internationally accepted program and code for calculating the risks of transporting radioactive materials. The first versions of the program, RADTRAN I and II, were developed for NUREG-0170 (USNRC, 1977), the first environmental statement on transportation of radioactive materials. RADTRAN and its associated software have undergone a number of improvements and advances consistent with improvements in both available data and computer technology. The version of RADTRAN currently bundled with RadCat is RADTRAN 6.0. This document provides a detailed discussion and a guide for the use of the RadCat 3.0 Graphical User Interface input file generator for the RADTRAN code. RadCat 3.0 integrates the newest analysis capabilities of RADTRAN 6.0 which includes an economic model, updated loss-of-lead shielding model, and unit conversion. As of this writing, the RADTRAN version in use is RADTRAN 6.0.
Writing high-performance Java code that runs as fast as Fortran, C, or C++

Java software is often perceived to be slow as compared to corresponding C/C++ or FORTRAN software. For some computationally demanding algorithms, straightforward implementations in Java may run 100-150 times or more slower than C++ or FORTRAN. In the past, problem algorithms have included floating point intensive algorithms such as FFTs and integer functions such as endian and alignment byte manipulations. However, current JVMs do well with model floating point code such as FFTs and linear algebra. Java vectors and lists are somewhat slow compared to C++ equivalents; hashmaps can be very fast. Function calls in general, and getters and setters in particular, remain troublesome. Current JITs are extremely important for optimizing performance.
Core Based Trees (CBT) An Architecture for Scalable Inter-Domain Multicast Routing

One of the central problems in one-to-many wide-area communications is forming the delivery tree the collection of nodes and links that a multicast packet traverses. Significant problems remain to be solved in the area of multicast tree formation, the problem of scaling being paramount among these. In this paper we show how the current 1P multicast arctiltecture scales poorly (by scale poorly, we mean consume too much memory, bandwidth, or too many processing resources), and subsequently present a multicaat protocol based on a new scalable architecture that is low-cost, relatively simple, and efficient. We also show how this architecture is decoupled from (though dependent on) unicast routing, and is therefore easy to install in an internet that comprises multiple heterogeneous unicast routing algorithms.
ACQUIRING RHYTHMICALLY DIFFERENT LANGUAGES IN A BILINGUAL CONTEXT

Using the Pairwise Variability Index (Grabe & Low, 2002), the rhythmic patterns of 3;0 year old German and Spanish monolingual and bilingual children are examined. Whereas the PVIs of monolingual Spanish data are low and those of monolingual German data are high, the data of the bilinguals do not greatly differ across languages. The PVIs of the bilinguals in German do not differ from those of the monolinguals, but the consonantal intervals of the bilinguals in Spanish are characterized by higher variability than those of the Spanish monolinguals. Several explanatory hypotheses are discussed, and an interpretation, which posits that consonantal intervals reflect properties of the language-specific phonology, is proposed. This implies that only the vocalic PVIs correlate with rhythmic class.
Handbook of Econometrics, Volume 1

Volume One of Elsevier's Handbook of Econometrics covers mathematical and statistical methods in econometrics, econometric models, and estimation and computation. The Handbook of Econometrics aims to serve as a source, reference, and teaching supplement for the field of econometrics, the branch of economics concerned with the empirical estimation of economic relationships. Econometrics is conceived broadly to include not only econometric models and estimation theory but also econometric data analysis, econometric applications in various substantive fields, and the uses of estimated econometric models. Our purpose has been to provide reasonably comprehensive and up-to-date surveys of recent developments and the state of various aspects of econometrics as of the early 1980s, written at a level intended for professional use by economists, econometricians, and statisticians and for use in advanced graduate econometrics courses.
Security Assessment of Code Refactoring Rules

Refactoring is a common approach to producing better quality software. Its impact on many software quality properties, including reusability, maintainability and performance, has been studied and measured extensively. However, its impact on the information security of programs has received relatively little attention. In this work, we assess the impact of a number of the most common code-level refactoring rules on data security, using security metrics that are capable of measuring security from the point view of potential information flow. The metrics are calculated for a given Java program using a static analysis tool we have developed to automatically analyse compiled Java bytecode. We ran our Java code analyser on various programs which were refactored according to each rule. New values of the metrics for the refactored programs then confirmed that the code changes had a measurable effect on information security.
Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming

From the Publisher: This collection of twenty-three original papers represents the first effort to bring together the work of constraint programming researchers scattered across multiple disciplines and across the world. The collection contributes to the understanding of the common principles of this emerging general paradigm, the investigation of its theoretical foundations as well as applications to real-world computing problems. It is organized around themes of concurrency and reactive systems, languages and environments, algorithms, computer graphics, and artificial intelligence. Constraint programming aims at supporting a wide range of complex applications, which are often modeled naturally in terms of constraints. Early work, in the 1960s and 1970s, made use of constraints in computer graphics, user interfaces, and artificial intelligence. Such work introduced a declarative component in otherwise-procedural systems to reduce the development effort. The mid-1980s have witnessed the emergence of general-purpose programming languages based on constraints, such as constraint logic programming and concurrent constraint programming, with significant applications in academia and industry. Today, an increasing number of researchers from all over the map of computing are looking at different aspects of this new computational paradigm.
Getting Beyond The Catchy Phrase and Creating a Trial Theme That Truly Works

By now, the advice to “use a trial theme” is or should be familiar to any practicing litigator. It is intuitive to discover and use a statement that unifies and embraces your view of the entire case. But crafting the right theme involves much more than thinking of a phrase that rolls off the tongue and sticks in the memory. As important as it is for a theme to do both, a theme needs to do more in order to serve the critical function of being that central representation and reference point for decision-makers.
TCP in Multirate Wireless Networks

A portable exhaust hood isolates sections of piping for maintenance and repair. It has a transparent front panel to provide a clear viewing shield, which can be adjusted between open and closed positions. The use of a collapsible frame within an enclosure made of flexible material contributes significantly to the convenience and portability of the hood, and its relatively inexpensive construction permits disposal, as need be, without substantial economic detriment.
Wealth and Welfare

THOUGH the tide of this book adds " of the Punjab "-—and must thu^ limit its circulation, espedaUy in Britain, whose invindble ignorance of India persists, de^ite all ui^ency of need to mitij^te it, as our writer peculiarly tends and helps to do—it is espmally reviewed here as a real and solid contribution to economics, and of the kind most urgently needed by its students in this country, as weU as India. ECONOMICS, for Mr. Caivert, is not merely, or eveai mainly, the study of •" the Market," ruled by its gods of *' supply and demand. " Nor does it turn upon " Manufactures and Commerce," as for Adam Smith; nor yet on " Capital," as since Ricardo ; and yet as little on Marx's turning of those arguments outside in, towards the apotheosis of " Labour," meaning essentially the urban and mechanical proletariat, with resultant exasperation accordingly from Socialism since his publication, to Bolshevism to-day. WHAT Mr. Caivert has done has been to recover for himself the essential truths of economics as seen by Vauban and the Physiocrais, from whom Adam Smith arose, and most unhappily departed, instead of developing as he should have done. In a word, his economics is ^mdammtally Rural economics: and from his first prefatory page he stoutly carri^ his war with the conventional urban economics into England as well as India— citing for the former also Mr. CoUett—"The ignorance of the urban majority in this country on agricultural matters is so colossal and so genuine -as almost to deserve respect. "
Exploring Characteristics of Code Churn

Software is a centerpiece in today’s society. Because of that, much effort is spent measuring various aspects of software. This is done using software metrics. Code churn is one of these metrics. Code churn is a metric measuring change volume between two versions of a system, defined as sum of added, modified and deleted lines. We use code churn to gain more insight into the evolution of software systems. With that in mind, we describe four experiments that we conducted on open source as well as proprietary systems. First, we show how code churn can be calculated on different time intervals and the effect this can have on studies. This can differ up to 20% between commit-based and week-based intervals. Secondly, we use code churn and related metrics to automatically determine what the primary focus of a development team was during a period of time. We show how we built such a classifier with a precision of 74%. Thirdly, we attempted to find generalizable patterns in the code churn progression of systems. We did not find such patterns, and we think this is inherent to software evolution. Finally we study the effect of change volume on the surroundings and user base of a system. We show there is a correlation between change volume and the amount of activity on issue trackers and Q&A websites.
Effect of simulator motion space on realism in the Desdemona simulator

The goal of this study was to assess the effect of an increasing motion space on the fidelity of driving simulation in the Desdemona research simulator. The experimental task was a standardized slalom maneuver where the car velocity was limited to 70 km/h. Subjective measures, which included eight statements on realism and task performance were used to assess simulation fidelity. The slalom task was driven in four conditions: 1) one-toone motion space, 2) 0.7 times the motion space, 3) 0.4 times the motion space, and 4) nomotion. The conditions were compared pair-wise. In total 16 participants completed the experiment. Compared to the no-motion condition, driving a slalom maneuver in Desdemona was judged more realistic when motion cues were available, where the magnitude of the motion, within the range of 0.4 to 1, has less to no effect on the realism compared to the issue of motion versus no-motion. Furthermore, the participants indicated that motion and forces actuated by Desdemona helped to conduct their task better.
Explaining and Communicating Science Using Student-Created Blended Media.

Students engage with science content when they are asked to explain and communicate their knowledge to others. In particular, encouraging students to create various digital media forms such as videos, podcasts, vodcasts, screencasts, digital stories and animations to explain science is usually engaging, especially if they have ownership of the process and use their own devices such as smartphones, digital cameras and computers. Whilst each digital media form has particular affordances, they can also be integrated or 'blended' to provide a new way for students to explain science using a combination of digital media forms. These can be shared widely to communicate with others by uploading to internet sites.
Propuesta de sistematización de la teoría del framing para el estudio y praxis de la comunicación política

La teoria del framing ocupa en la actualidad uno de los lugares mas destacados de la investigacion en comunicacion (Weaver, 2007), y de forma muy especial en la comunicacion politica (Sadaba, Rodriguez-Virgili & La Porte, 2008). Sin embargo, el framing se ha consolidado como el marco teorico mas relevante sin alcanzar todavia la correspondiente clarificacion conceptual y metodologica (Vliegenthart & van Zoonen, 2011). La teoria del framing no presenta una clara definicion compartida por todos los investigadores y son muchos los estudios que hablan de framing refiriendose a conceptos diversos. Como anticipaba Robert Entman, se trata de un paradigma fracturado (Entman, 1993). El presente trabajo propone una sistematizacion de las lineas de investigacion en las que el framing puede contribuir al estudio de la comunicacion politica: objetivista, constructivista, cultural, narrativa, metodologica, profesional, estrategica y simbolica. A traves de esta propuesta, se pretende delimitar los campos en los que el framing puede ayudar a la investigacion y practica de la comunicacion politica, asi como recuperar algunas vias de desarrollo de la teoria que aun no han sido suficientemente exploradas con el objetivo de avanzar en la comprension integral del termino.