Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BREAKING CRITERIA FOR LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS BASED ON THE PHASE-TIME-METHOD (PTM)

Breaking waves generated by focusing of transient wave packets have been analyzed. By a comparison of video data and gauge measurements the threshold frequency for the use of the PTM as a breaking criterion is derived. The present result is slightly higher than the original value of Zimmermann & Seymour (2002) for spilling breakers, but confirms the results of Irschik & Oumeraci (2006). Additionally the use of the zero down-cross period Tz instead of the peak period TP is investigated. Both definitions lead for the present conditions with plunging breakers to almost identical results.
The Gaia-ESO Survey : the selection function of the Milky Way field stars

The Gaia-ESO Survey was designed to target all major Galactic components (i.e. bulge, thin and thick discs, halo and clusters), with the goal of constraining the chemical and dynamical evolution of the Milky Way. This paper presents the methodology and considerations that drive the selection of the targeted, allocated and successfully observed Milky Way field stars. The detailed understanding of the survey construction, specifically the influence of target selection criteria on observed Milky Way field stars is required in order to analyse and interpret the survey data correctly. We present the target selection process for the Milky Way field stars observed with Very Large Telescope/Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph and provide the weights that characterize the survey target selection. The weights can be used to account for the selection effects in the Gaia-ESO Survey data for scientific studies. We provide a couple of simple examples to highlight the necessity of including such information in studies of the stellar populations in the Milky Way.
Arriving, Surviving, and Succeeding: First-in-Family Women and Their Experiences of Transitioning Into the First Year of University

This article outlines a qualitative narrative inquiry study conducted within Australia that focused on a group of female students commencing university, all of whom were the first in their family to pursue higher education. During 1 year of academic study, 17 women participated in periodic interviews as each moved through the year. By following the students, the study reveals a very different perspective on the student experience, one that is often missing in policy documents and university discourse, which can place these students within a deficit discourse. Instead, by approaching this topic from a strengths perspective, the intent was to highlight how those in this group persist and engage throughout the year. The semi structured interviews built upon each other, and themes were explored related to how the participants managed their university studies in relation to other competing demands in their lives, as well as how the students reflected upon the transition to university life and the repercussions that this decision provoked. The participants’ reflections reveal an initial disjuncture with the university environment, but as the year proceeded, the narratives highlight changes in personal perceptions from that of exclusion to inclusion.
Non-linear Stress-strain Relation in Sedimentary Rocks and Its Effect on Seismic Wave Velocity

Character of the stress-strain relation σ(e) of sedimentary rocks depends on the strain level in a range of e~10 -6 ÷10 -3 . Nonlinearity and a hysteresis in the σ(e) are caused by microplasticity. Static and dynamic elastic modulus and seismic velocity may either increase or decrease with strain. Microplastic strain of saturated rock considerably grows and this results in nonlinear stress-strain relation (equation of state). Therefore, curvature of σ(e) is explained by microplasticity. In this case the seismic velocity decreases with strain, if the curvature of σ(e) is negative, while it increases with strain, if the curvature of σ(e) is positive. In our paper we experimentally show that the longitudional wave velocity increases with increasing strain amplitude for a dolomite having a positive curvature in the σ(e). Therefore, stressstrain relation σ(e) received for large deformations cannot be used for modeling of nonlinear wave propagation at intermediate and small strain levels. Model for nonlinear wave propagation should take into consideration small-strain relations σ(e).
The CMAR and extent of compliance with IFRS 101 standard among Malaysian ace market companies

Malaysia is on the track to achieve full convergence and adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) by 2012. This study seeks to find out the extent of compliance with IFRS 101 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ before the effective date.Using total disclosure index (TDI), the findings shows that most of Malaysian Ace Market companies have complied with IFRS 101.The present study also indicates that the Cumulative Market Adjusted Return (CMAR) is positive and significant for both partial and full compliance of IFRS 101 among the Malaysian Ace Market companies. Multivariate regression analysis further provides a lack of significant association between CMAR and announcement of earnings (i.e. EPS). Nevertheless, the percentage of independent directors on the board (BDIND) is found to be a positive and a significant corporate governance variable that associates with CMAR.These findings imply that policy makers and regulators should encourage Ace Market companies to have the most optimal number of independent board of directors for future improvements of CMAR.
SiO collimated outflows driven by high-mass YSOs in G24.78+0.08

We imaged the molecular outflows towards the cluster of high-mass young stellar objects G24.78+0.08 at high-angular resolution using SiO emission, which is considered the classical tracer of protostellar jets. We performed SiO observations with the VLA interferometer in the J = 1-0 v=0 transition and with the SMA array in the 5-4 transition. A complementary IRAM 30-m single-dish survey in the (2-1), (3-2), (5-4), and (6-5) SiO lines was also carried out. Two collimated SiO high-velocity outflows driven by the A2 and C millimeter continuum massive cores have been imaged. On the other hand, we detected no SiO outflow driven by the young stellar objects in more evolved evolutionary phases that are associated with ultracompact (B) or hypercompact (A1) HII regions. The LVG analysis reveals high-density gas (10^3-10^4 cm-3), with well constrained SiO column densities (0.5-1 10^15 cm-2). The driving source of the A2 outflow is associated with typical hot core tracers such as methyl formate, vinyl cyanide, cyanoacetilene, and acetone. The driving source of the main SiO outflow in G24 has an estimated luminosity of a few 10^4 Lsun (typical of a late O-type star) and is embedded in the 1.3 mm continuum core A2, which in turn is located at the centre of a hot core that rotates on a plane perpendicular to the outflow main axis. The present SiO images support a scenario similar to the low-mass case for massive star formation, where jets that are clearly traced by SiO emission, create outflows of swept-up ambient gas usually traced by CO.
Double Crop Rotations with Winter Cereals and Corn Silage or Forage Sorghum

Winter cereals, such as cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.), grown as double crops in corn (Zea mays L.) silage rotations in the Northeast United States, have the potential to increase on-farm forage production as well as provide many environmental, economic and nutritional benefits to dairy farms. The past five years have shown that in some years this double crop rotation can be very successful, while in others late harvesting of the winter cereals in the spring can inhibit timely planting of corn silage while late corn harvest combined with early onset of winter can make planting of the winter cereals impossible. Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) has shown comparable yields and quality to corn silage but its growing season is shorter and as a result, forage sorghum is now being looking into as a potential fit with winter cereals as well.
Phenolic Compound Profiles of Two Common Beans Consumed by Rwandans

Legumes are high-protein, medium-energy and micronutrient-rich food consumed in many parts of the world including Africa. This study evaluated the levels of specific phenolic compounds in three legumes. Two varieties of the common bean, (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) soybeans (Glycine max L.), and peas (Pisum sativum L.) from Rwanda were analyzed using high performance liquid chro- matography with diode array detection. The phenolic compounds were identified by comparison to the chromatographic retention times and UV spectra of known reference compounds. This study results clearly shows the presence of 11 different phenolic compounds in common beans: gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, caffeic acid, o-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, 4-hydrobenzoic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid and vanillic acid. The concentration ranged from 0.59 to 2.27 mg/kg for epicatechin. High levels of catechin (13.5 to 57.9 mg/kg) ferulic acid (26.1 to 47.6 mg/kg) were also observed. Therefore, the results of this study show that Rwandan com- mon beans are a good source of phenolic acids in particular catechins and ferulic acid.
Examining the Peat-Accumulating Potential of Fen Vegetation in the Context of Fen Restoration of Harvested Peatlands

Abstract: In order to focus efforts towards specific vegetation groups in fen restoration, knowledge of the peat-accumulating function of dominant fen species is critical. The decomposition rates of 3 species typical to undisturbed fens and 3 species that spontaneously colonize harvested fens were assessed. These species were incubated in both a restoration site (harvested fen) and an undisturbed fen to compare decomposition according to different environmental conditions. The average exponential decay coefficient (k) for all material types was slightly higher (circa 0.04·y-1 higher) in the harvested fen than those observed in the undisturbed fen. However, the litter type (leaves, roots/rhizomes, or bryophyte fragments) had the largest impact on the decomposition rates. The 2 tested bryophytes had lower k-values (between 0.14 and 0.11 for Polytrichum strictum and 0.06 for Sphagnum centrale) than the vascular plant litter (between 0.25 and 0.50). The annual primary production of the tested species was also measured to estimate the peat-accumulating capacity of each species. Scirpus cyperinus had an annual primary production that was 3 times higher (1500 g·m-2·y-1) than the other species (between 300 and 550 g·m-2·y-1). Estimates show that the harvested fen has a high peat-accumulating potential due to the high biomass production observed at this site. Nomenclature: Scoggan, 1978; Anderson, 1990; Anderson, Crum & Buck, 1990.
Effects of N fertilization on yield for low-input production in Spanish wheat landraces (Triticum turgidum L. and Triticum monococcum L.)

A core subset of Spanish durum wheat landraces was evaluated at two nitrogen levels (80 and 220 kg/ha) to identify landrace genotypes adapted to low N production. Yield differences were statistically significant between N levels and among genotypes at both levels. Fifty-one per cent of the landraces yielded significantly more at low than at high N (low-N varieties) while 26% had a positive (high-N varieties) and 23% an indifferent (indifferent-N varieties) response to N fertilizer. No significant agromorphological differences were found among low and high-N varieties at low N level that conferred some advantage to low-N varieties. In contrast, high-N varieties possessed longer grain-filling period under high N level. Phenological characters showed an important influence on yield and on the performance of the varieties within each subgroup. The traits affecting grain yield most positively, mainly the low-N varieties, were long filling period and earliness. Five entries were selected for prebreeding to low N adaptation.
Two Phase Flow and Thermal Physics of Nanofluids: Understanding the Fundamentals, Mechanisms and Challenges

This keynote lecture presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on nanofluid two phase flow and thermal physics. First, studies of the physical properties of nanofluids are summarized. Then, analysis of the available experimental studies on nucleate boiling and critical heat flux (CHF) is presented. Next, flow boiling and two phase flow of nanofluid in macroscale and microscale channels are discussed. Finally, analysis and discussion of the existing correlations and models with the relevant physical properties are presented. According to this comprehensive review, future research needs have been identified. So far, fundamentals of boiling heat transfer and CHF phenomena of nanofluids have not yet been well understood. Therefore, systematic accurate experiments and flow regime observations of boiling heat transfer and CHF phenomena with various types of nanofluids under a wide range of test conditions should be emphasized. Furthermore, physical mechanisms, theory and prediction methods for boiling heat transfer, two phase flow and CHF characteristics should be targeted at in the future. Practical application of nanofluid two phase flow and heat transfer should also be considered.
Nutrient versus consumer control of community structure in a Chesapeake Bay eelgrass habitat

Nutrient loading can dramatically alter benthic communities and has been implicated in the worldwide decline of seagrass beds. Ongoing changes in food webs caused by overfishing could also contribute to seagrass decline. However, the interaction of these factors and the role of small invertebrate grazers in mediating them are poorly understood. We examined the relative impacts of nutrient loading and food web alteration on eelgrass Zostera marina L. community structure in Chesapeake Bay by manipulating nutrients, predatory crabs, and invertebrate grazers in field enclo- sures over 28 d in summer. Nutrient loading increased epiphyte accumulation early in the experi- ment, decreased eelgrass biomass, and reduced the abundance of the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri. Grazers decreased epiphyte accumulation, altered the recruitment of sessile inverte- brates, and sometimes damaged eelgrass via overgrazing. Crabs reduced the abundance of eelgrass, and changed the species composition and abundance of grazers and sessile invertebrates. On aver- age, the impacts of food web alterations and nutrient loading were comparable in magnitude and tended to be additive, rather than interactive. However, the distinct responses of different taxa in the community to the experimental treatments indicated that food web structure interacted with both bottom-up and top-down forces to determine overall community organization. These results high- light the importance of incorporating food web dynamics into seagrass conservation and manage- ment efforts.
Social Media Addiction and Formal Writing Skills among Mass Communication Students in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria

This study was carried out on the influence of social media chatting on formal writing habit among university undergraduates. Literature has reported bot adverse and no effect of social media on students' writing habit. Findings vary from time to time and from place to place. This current study looks at a direction that had rarely been looked at by earlier researchers- the influence of social media on formal writing skills of Mass Communication students in a private university in south-western Nigeria. Using a multi-level sampling technique involving purposive, stratification and total population sampling, 143 answer scripts of a first-year writing course in the Department of Mass Communication were examined through content analysis. The study found that in the case of Mass Communication students, social media do not have such overwhelming adverse influence as associated with it on the writing competence of undergraduate students. Among all types of social media chat language, graphones rank highest in use among the study population. Many other factors, including writing training, interplay with social media to cause the poor writing competence among university undergraduates. It was then recommended that further research is conducted in this area of enquiry to unveil specific areas yet untrodden. Colleges and tertiary institutions should institute courses that can improve the writing skills and the ability of the students.
Heat extraction from aquifer geothermal systems

This study aims to model temperature distributions in an aquifer thermal extraction (ATE) system that contains a single extraction well in a thin confined aquifer. The aquifer is bounded by hot dry rocks with different thermomechanical properties and thicknesses. Based on the heat convection–conduction equation, a mathematical model is developed to describe the spatial and temporal temperature distributions of the ATE systems. The mechanisms of heat transfer in the model involve horizontal convection and thermal conduction in the aquifer, and vertical thermal conduction in both rocks. A semi‐analytical solution in dimensionless form is developed using the Laplace transform technique and its corresponding time‐domain result is computed by the modified Crump method. In addition, the steady‐state solution is obtained by applying the final value theorem. The simulation results from the semi‐analytical solution indicate that the aquifer temperature distributions are affected by aquifer thickness, the thermomechanical properties of the aquifer and rocks, geothermal gradient, outer boundary temperatures of the rocks, extraction rate, and operating time. The present solution can be used as a preliminary tool for assessing heat extraction efficiency in ATE systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting criminals' personality characteristics by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in committing type of crime

Understanding criminals' personality characteristics could engender appropriate solutions for preventing crimes and treating criminals and the aim of the current work is to predict criminals' (robbers, swindlers and smugglers) personality characteristics by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in committing type of crime. The research falls under the applied category in terms of goal while in terms of nature it is among surveydescriptive researches. The sample under investigation includes 480 people who were selected by way of classified random sampling method in a systematic form from among the population of criminals in the Central Prison, province of Kermanshah. The tool used in this paper is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (short form of 71 questions). The results obtained from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) indicated that prevalence of anti-social personalitycharacteristics and mental weakness among robbers; depression, anti-social personality and schizophrenia among swindlers as well as anti-social traits, mental weakness and schizophrenia among smugglers are seen significantly. Also, the results of the variance analysis demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the (MMPI) clinical scales among three groups of criminals (robbers, swindlers and smugglers) on D scales (depression), Pd (Psychopathy deviation), Pt (Anxiety and psychosis), Sc (Schizophrenia) and Ma (Hypomania) (p<%5). Research findings revealed that criminals enjoy lower level of normal and positive personality dimensions. To sum up, we can infer that all personality characteristics exist in the population of criminals and therapy experts need to pay attention to all sorts of personalities for treating criminals affected with personality disorder.
Polymorphism and variation in modular animals: morphometric and density analyses of bryozoan avicularia

Avicularia are polymorphic zooids characteristic of most species of cheilostome bry- ozoans. We examined the morphological diversity of avicularia to elucidate morphometric patterns in 38 cheilostome species from 11 superfamilies collected from a range of depths (habitats) around New Zealand. Multivariate statistical analyses of 4 types of avicularia (adventitious, interzooidal, vicarious and vibracula) showed that vicarious and vibracula were morphometrically invariable, and vibracula morphometrically distinct, even though these 4 types are dissimilar in their relationships to proge- nitor zooids and colony budding pattern. Adventitious types showed extensive overlap in morpho- space with interzooidal and vicarious types. No depth-related effect on either morphometric variation or colony density of avicularia was discerned over the depth ranges studied (<8, 20-300, and 600-1000 m). Inter-colony variability in avicularian density existed in some species, whilst the main contributor to morphometric grouping was the type of avicularia involved. Greatest avicularian den- sity occurred in colonies of those species possessing 2 types of avicularia (e.g. Caberea spp. adventi- tious and vibracula). Adventitious avicularia were the most common type, were morphometrically diverse and occurred at higher densities within colonies than interzooidal and vicarious types. Such polymorphism, frequency and density of adventitious types in natural populations may represent an evolutionary shift towards maximisation of functional efficiency at a smaller spatial scale of the colony. By analysing polymorph variation we show how a modular development promotes flexibility in module production, arrangement and morphology.
SN Ia host galaxy properties from Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II spectroscopy

We study the stellar populations of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) host galaxies using Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-II spectroscopy. The main focus is on the relationships of SN Ia properties with stellar velocity dispersion and the stellar population parameters age, metallicity and element abundance ratios. We concentrate on a sub-sample of 84 SNe Ia from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey and find that SALT2 stretch factor values show the strongest dependence on stellar population age. Hence, more luminous SNe Ia appear in younger stellar progenitor systems. No statistically significant trends in the Hubble residual with any of the stellar population parameters studied are found. Moreover, the method of photometric stellar mass derivation affects the Hubble residual–mass relationship. For an extended sample (247 objects), including SNe Ia with SDSS host galaxy photometry only, the Hubble residual–mass relationship behaves as a sloped step function. In the high-mass regime, probed by our host spectroscopy sample, this relationship is flat. Below a stellar mass of ∼2 × 1010 M⊙, i.e. close to the evolutionary transition mass of low-redshift galaxies, the trend changes dramatically such that lower mass galaxies possess lower luminosity SNe Ia after light-curve corrections. The sloped step function of the Hubble residual–mass relationship should be accounted for when using stellar mass as a further parameter for minimizing the Hubble residuals.