Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bed shear stress in unsteady flow

Standard engineering methods of estimating bed shear stress using friction factors can fail spectacularly in unsteady hydrodynamic conditions. This paper demonstrates this fact using direct measurements of bed shear stresses under irregular waves using a shear plate apparatus. The measurements are explained in terms of the influence of the horizontal pressure gradient and the shear stresses acting on the surface of the plate. The horizontal fluid velocity at the edge of the boundary layer and the water surface elevation and slope were also measured. The paper demonstrates that the water surface measurements can be used to obtain accurate estimates of the forces on the bed, by employing Fourier analysis techniques or an innovative convolution integral method. The experimental results indicate that an offshore bed shear stress may be recorded while the free stream velocity remains onshore at all times. This demonstrates the failure of the standard engineering friction factor method in this scenario, since negative friction factors would be required. Important questions are raised regarding the appropriate definition for the bed shear stress when the vertical gradient of the shear stress is large. It is shown that it is problematic to define a single value for a “bed” shear stress in the presence of a strong horizontal pressure gradient. It is also argued that the natural driver for any model used to predict bed shear stress is the pressure gradient (or its proxy the free stream acceleration), rather than the velocity. This allows for accurate calculation of both acceleration effects (more rapid acceleration leads to a thinner boundary layer and higher shear stress) and also the direct action of the horizontal pressure gradient.
Environmental Education Outside School: Effects of a Half-Day Teaching Programme

The “Green Classroom” in the Botanical Garden of the University of Ulm is a learning forum outdoor school that is used by about 2,500 school students annually. Its educational concept is based on experiential learning and is geared towards expanding students’ biological knowledge and awareness of small animals such as invertebrates and insects. In the first study, 66 students (grade 4) were asked to draw a picture of a pond as a habitat. 33 of these students had previously visited the “Green Classroom” (intervention group). Students of the intervention group drew more of the smaller types of animals in their pictures and furthermore a bigger variety of species of animals and plants than the control group. In the second study, the same students (66, grade 4) were given a list of animal species, and were asked to tick those which are typical to a pond. Students who had visited the “Green Classroom” ticked more animals off correctly than their peers in the control group.
The Rediscovery of Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.), on the bank of the Damietta branch of the Nile Delta, Egypt

Cyperus papyrus was rediscovered in two stands on the eastern bank of the Damietta branch of the Nile Delta. The first stand is located at Sharabas village ca. 24 km south of Damietta. The growth of papyrus at this site is rich and giant where the habitat conditions are favorable for swampy vegetation. The second stand is recorded at Dahtora about one kilometer north of Zifta town with a feeble growth of an average height of one meter. Ecological notes and reasons of extinction of this important sedge are briefly discussed.
Framework for developing hybrid process-driven, artificial neural network and regression models for salinity prediction in river systems

Abstract. Salinity modelling in river systems is complicated by a number of processes, including in-stream salt transport and various mechanisms of saline accession that vary dynamically as a function of water level and flow, often at different temporal scales. Traditionally, salinity models in rivers have either been process- or data-driven. The primary problem with process-based models is that in many instances, not all of the underlying processes are fully understood or able to be represented mathematically. There are also often insufficient historical data to support model development. The major limitation of data-driven models, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) in comparison, is that they provide limited system understanding and are generally not able to be used to inform management decisions targeting specific processes, as different processes are generally modelled implicitly. In order to overcome these limitations, a generic framework for developing hybrid process and data-driven models of salinity in river systems is introduced and applied in this paper. As part of the approach, the most suitable sub-models are developed for each sub-process affecting salinity at the location of interest based on consideration of model purpose, the degree of process understanding and data availability, which are then combined to form the hybrid model. The approach is applied to a 46 km reach of the Murray River in South Australia, which is affected by high levels of salinity. In this reach, the major processes affecting salinity include in-stream salt transport, accession of saline groundwater along the length of the reach and the flushing of three waterbodies in the floodplain during overbank flows of various magnitudes. Based on trade-offs between the degree of process understanding and data availability, a process-driven model is developed for in-stream salt transport, an ANN model is used to model saline groundwater accession and three linear regression models are used to account for the flushing of the different floodplain storages. The resulting hybrid model performs very well on approximately 3 years of daily validation data, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.89 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 12.62 mg L−1 (over a range from approximately 50 to 250 mg L−1). Each component of the hybrid model results in noticeable improvements in model performance corresponding to the range of flows for which they are developed. The predictive performance of the hybrid model is significantly better than that of a benchmark process-driven model (NSE = −0.14, RMSE = 41.10 mg L−1, Gbench index = 0.90) and slightly better than that of a benchmark data-driven (ANN) model (NSE = 0.83, RMSE = 15.93 mg L−1, Gbench index = 0.36). Apart from improved predictive performance, the hybrid model also has advantages over the ANN benchmark model in terms of increased capacity for improving system understanding and greater ability to support management decisions.
InveStIgAtIOn Of COLOur, texture AnD OrgAnOLeptIC prOpertIeS Of retAILeD COnventIOnAL AnD OrgAnIC ChICKen BreASt In hungAry

1 fac. of Animal Science, Kaposvár univ., h-7400, guba S. str. 40. , Kaposvár, hungary 2 Corresponding author: almasi.anita@ke.hu 3 Bábolna tetrA Ltd., uraiújfalu, hungary AbStrACt The large price variation paid for chicken meat originated from organic and conventional systems require up-todate knowledge of physical and sensory properties of the mentioned products. Our aim was to find differences between intensively vs. organically reared chicken breasts as they are currently presented to consumers in hungary. A total of 30 broiler breast fillets (n = 10 per group) were purchased from 2 retail stores and a processor. experimental groups were intensively reared (Int1 and Int2) and organically reared (Org). In this case no attempt was made to collect information on genotype, feed or growing conditions of the birds. We measured meat colour (L*, a*, b*), shear force, texture and sensory traits of cooked samples. L* and b* values were lower in Int1 and Int2 groups (p < 0.001), however no differences were found in redness (a*) among the 3 groups. Shear force was highest in Org samples, which panelists also found drier and tougher. An overall preference was observed for juiciness, tenderness, initial smell and taste in Int1 group. however, panelists did not recognize significant differences between Int2 and Org samples in most traits, except juiciness. profile and Bi-plot diagrams were created to demonstrate sensory traits and coherences. Although, samples of organically reared birds were less popular among our panelists, its contribution to healthy, traditional dishes is undeniable.
Notas Científicas Parasitism of the mite Acarophenax lacunatus on Tribolium castaneum

– The objective of this work was to assess the parasitism potential of Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The experimental units encompassed Petri dishes containing 25 g of wheat infested with 20 adults of this beetle species. After seven days of infestation, different mite densities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 females) were inoculated into the Petri dishes. The increase in mite density led to a linear increase in parasitism, and a consequent reduction in populations of this insect. It is possible to use this mite species in the biological control of T. castaneum .
MARGINAL CURVATURES FOR FUNCTIONS OF PARAMETERS IN NONLINEAR REGRESSION

The marginal curvature by Clarke (1987) for individual parameters in nonlinear models not only improves the inference on each parameter but also has been found useful in experimental design for nonlinear models. In this article we develop the marginal curvature for functions of parameters. We show that, for a given reparametrization, the marginal curvatures for the transformed parameters can be computed without determining the inverse transformation. Furthermore, the marginal curvature for a function of parameters depends only on the marginal curvatures of the original parameters and on the derivatives of the function with respect to the parameters involved in that function. We also present a more efficient computing algorithm of Clarke's marginal cur- vature measure. The resulting expression enables us to compare Clarke's measure with other available measures.
Sunbelt Growth and the Knowledge Economy: An Exploratory Approach

Focusing on the narrower concept of a knowledge-economy-based growth strategy, this paper explores whether a strong link between a college-educated population and a regionâ€™s economic performance was an important ingredient in the growth experience of the Sunbelt during the 1990s. The issue is addressed through analysis of two different datasets. First, the education and income characteristics of the people moving to the Sunbelt region are examined using migration data from the 2000 census. Then we look at the link between the knowledge-economy metric of the share of college educated adults and economic growth in the Sunbelt in the 1990s using data for 116 Sunbelt MSAs. The results of our analysis provide little evidence that a college educated workforce was a major factor promoting economic growth in Sunbelt cities during that period.
From KBOs to Centaurs: The thermal connection

Abstract— We present results of thermal evolution calculations for objects originating in the Kuiper belt and transferring inwards, to the region of the outer planets. Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) are considered to be part of a reservoir that supplies the flux of small icy bodies, mainly Centaurs and Jupiter‐family comets, to regions interior to the orbit of Neptune. We study the internal thermal evolution, for ˜108 yr, of three typical KBOs and use the end state of the simulation as initial conditions for evolutionary calculations of two typical Centaurs. Some evolutionary trends can be identified for the KBOs, depending on key physical parameters, such as size and composition. The subsequent evolution in the Centaur region results in both specific features for each modeled object (mainly surface and sub‐surface composition) and common characteristics of thermally evolved Centaurs.
Mis-Valuation of cyclical companies

Aim of this master thesis is to understand if business cyclicality decreases the accuracy in corporate valuation. To assess the existence of any kind of potential misvaluation, a multiple approach analysis is performed for two samples of companies: cyclical and non-cyclical companies. The following multiples: current EV/EBIT; current EV/EBITDA; current and forward P/E have been computed for a sample of 174 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange during the interval 1995 - 2007. In the first place I have compared the estimated value with the observed value on the market for both samples, the difference is called Valuation Error (VE) and could be considered a proxy for valuation accuracy. If VE is significant, one can conclude there is a potential misvaluation. I found VE to be higher for companies categorized as cyclical. As a second step, I performed a OLS analysis in order to understand which are the potential variables affecting valuation errors. Finally, a Logit analysis confirms the results from the OLS model. The dummy variable indicates cyclical companies have a positive effect on the magnitude of VE. Volatility of companies‘ earnings increases VE, while the larger the company being valued, the smaller is the VE (more accurate valuations).
Does Foreign Aid Accelerate Economic Growth? An Empirical Analysis for Nigeria

This paper analyses the impact of foreign aid on economic growth in Nigeria during the period of 1970-2010. The empirical analysis rests on the neo-classical modelling analytical framework and combined several procedures in modern econometric analysis/estimation techniques. Our findings shows that aid flows has significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria: domestic investment increased in response to aid flows and population growth has no significant effect on aid flows. Aid flows also provides free resources to increase domestic investment, thus confirming the aid-policygrowth hypothesis. Therefore, donor governments should be aware of the political situations in recipient countries, and work with international bodies to ensure as much stability as possible. Finally, foreign aid transfers should henceforth pledge to abide by the oath to of doing no harm.
Yakutat collision and strain transfer across the northern Canadian Cordillera

The collision of the Yakutat block in the corner of the Gulf of Alaska has resulted in large deformation in the adjacent Chugach‐Saint Elias Mountains. This collision is inferred to produce the strong seismicity in the Mackenzie and Richardson Mountains of the northern Canadian Cordillera foreland belt, 800 km to the northeast. Strain is transmitted from the Yakutat collision across the northern Cordillera with little intervening deformation, in spite of high heat flow and thin mechanical lithosphere. Global Positioning System results and seismic deformation rates indicate a northeastward motion of the northern Cordillera at ;5 mm/yr, relative to the craton to the east, that is mostly accommodated in the foreland belt. This quasi-rigid displacement of the Cordilleran upper crust requires a decoupling level in the weak lower crust that rises to join the basal detachment of thrusting in the foreland. Based on a two-dimensional mechanical model, we show that the strain transfer and the lower crust detachment are made possible by the high temperature (;900 8C) at the base of the Cordilleran crust. The northern Cordillera presents
UMA VISÃO GERAL EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENTS OF LOGOTHERAPY AND EXISTENTIAL ANALYSIS : AN OVERVIEW

During the past years, empirical research on the question of meaning and its role in human psychology has seen an unprecedented growth. Most of this research has so far confirmed logotherapy’s main tenets. In this article, a brief overview over these recent developments is presented. Collectively, the findings from the research program outlined here demonstrate that existential issues play decisive role in human psychology. Furthermore, a relatively new line of research studies investigating the interrelationship between noetic processes and neurophysiological functioning appears to vindicate a far more contentious and central issue in logotherapeutical thought, i.e. the role of existential reconciliation and self-distancing on change in neurophysiological pathogenic markers of depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Keywords: Empirical research in logotherapy, clinical efficacy studies, anxiety, depression, OCD. 4 REVISTA LOGOS & EXISTÊNCIA: REVISTA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE LOGOTERAPIA E ANÁLISE EXISTENCIAL 1 (1), 3-­‐ 14, 2012
THE EFFECT OF JOB-LEISURE CONFLICT AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER INTENTON WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS THE INTERVENING VARIABLE

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of job-leisure conflict and compensation on tunover intention with job satisfaction as intervening variable. The data is primary data obtained from employees who work in public accounting firms in Yogyakarta Special Region and Surakarta. Analysis tool used in this study is Partial Least Square Analysis. The result showed that job-leisure does not have significant effect on job satisfaction and turnover intention, job satisfaction also does not have significant effect on turnover intention, compensation have significant effect on job satisfaction and turnover intention. However, job satisfaction cannot mediate the effect of job-leisure conflict and compensation toward turnover intention. Based on the research findings, employer should pay more attention on compensation system in order to minimize the turnover intention among their employees. Keyword: job-leisure conflict, compensation, job satisfaction, turnover intention
The inhomogeneity of vertical distributions of suspended matter in the sea - consequences for remote sensing

Theinuenceoftheverticalvariabilityofsuspendedmatter C(z)withintheoptical penetration layer on the reectanceR(�) over the sea surface in the southern BalticandtheGulfofGda«skwereanalysed.UsingGordonandClark'smodelthe value of reectanceR(620), taken to be representative of AVHRR channel 1, was calculated. Various vertical seston proles obtained after previous analysis of real distributions of suspended matter in the surface layer of the sea were taken to be inputparameters. The variability of vertical seston distribution on R(620) was found to be neg- ligible except when the surface concentration exceeded 8 mgdm 3 and rapidly decreased with depth. In order to estimate the seston content of the sea surface layer using optical remote sensing methods, the best results should be achieved whencomparingreectancewiththeoptically-weightedco ncentration'denedby Gordon and Clarke (1980). Except in areas close to river mouths and other ter- restrialsourcesofsestonintheBaltic,theverticalvariabilityofsuspendedmatter within the optical penetration layer (typically a few metres) is rather small. This meansthatsurfacemeasurementsofsestonconcentrationcanbeusedtocalibrate the C= f(R)relationship. Using AVHRR channel 1 data it is possible in the southern Baltic to record surfacechanges insuspendedmatterconcentrationoftheorder of0.5mgdm 3 .
Near infrared hydrogen lines as diagnostic of accretion and winds in T Tauri stars

From a sample of 50 T Tauri stars, mostly from the Taurus-Auriga complex, Pa$\mathrm{\beta}$ line profiles were obtained for 49 of the stars and Br$\mathrm{\gamma}$ profiles for 37 of the stars. Emission at Pa$\mathrm{\beta}$ was observed for 42 stars and emission at Br$\mathrm{\gamma}$ was found for 30 stars. The most conspicuous features in the line profiles is the almost complete absence of blueshifted absorption components and the relatively high frequency of inverse P Cygni profiles (IPC). At Pa$\mathrm{\beta}$, 34% of the profiles are IPC while at Br$\mathrm{\gamma}$ 20% are IPC. The redshifted absorption features indicate infall at velocities of about $200 \mathrm{km s}^{-1}$, compatible with free fall from a few radii out. In general, line profiles are broad centrally peaked with slightly blueshifted line peaks. Existing wind and accretion models fail, in quantitative terms, to explain the shape of the observed profiles. Magnetospheric accretion models, being the currently preferred ones, produce lines too narrow (by ∼ $100 \mathrm{km\ s}^{-1}$ FWHM ), wings extending to velocities too low (by at least ∼ $100 \mathrm{km s}^{-1}$) and with maximum normalized intensities too high by factors of a few. A qualitative agreement between some of the accretion model predicted profiles and some observations hint that emission in these lines might, at least partially, arise from infalling material. Definite claims regarding the origin of the emission in these lines cannot be made until models match observations much better than they currently do.
Genotype x Environment Interaction and seed yield Stability in Cultivated okra using the Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype and Genotype X Environment interaction (GGE)

Twenty nine okra accessions sourced from different agro-ecological regions in Nigeria were tested for stability and performance in four enviro nments between 2006 and 2008 using Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) a nd Genotype main effect and Genotype by Environment (GGE) models. The experiment was laid o ut in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Both AMMI and GGE biplots identified three common genotypes that were overall best in performance in relation to yield and stability. This suggests that for reliability and optimum result it is better to combine the result of the two analytical tools for yield and stability in the recommendation of ge notypes to farmers. Both AMMI and GGE models identified LD88/1-8-5-2(G7), 47-4(G17) and N H88/1-8-16-2(G25) as the best accessions for cultivation across seasons because they combine d stability and above average yield. Similarly both AMMI and GGE models identified Abeok uta dry season as more stable and ideal for okra genetic evaluation, while Abeokuta rainy s eason was the most unstable but gave better mean performance. CCN2005/1 (10.92 g/plant) and Cle mson spineless (7.72 g/plant) had the least yield and less stable, hence unsuitable for c ultivation across seasons. OSADEP Purple tall and NH99/9 were most adapted to Abeokuta rainy seas on
Interannual variability of evapotranspiration and vegetation productivity

Interannual variability of precipitation can influence components of the hydrological budget, affecting them directly and indirectly through adjustments in vegetation structure and function. We investigate the effects of fluctuations of annual precipitation on ecohydrological dynamics. Specifically, we use the advanced weather generator, AWE‐GEN, to simulate 200 years of hourly meteorological forcing obtained by imposing four types of precipitation annual process with identical long‐term mean. The generated time series force a mechanistic ecohydrological model, Tethys‐Chloris. Simulations with perturbed precipitation variability are performed for four locations characterized by different vegetation cover and climate. The results indicate that long‐term transpiration (T) and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes as well as vegetation productivity expressed as Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) are essentially unaffected by the imposed climate fluctuations. This finding supports the hypothesis of a relative insensitivity, except for water‐limited environments, of interannual evapotranspiration and vegetation productivity to annual climatic fluctuations, which are mostly reflected in the fluxes of deep leakage and runoff. The occurrence of short periods of favorable meteorological conditions randomly taking place within the year was found to be a better explanatory variable for interannual variability of ET and ANPP than average annual or growing season conditions. The results indicated that local, single‐site sensitivities are considerably smaller than those observed across climatic and vegetation spatial gradients and thus an important role of ecosystem reorganization in modifying ANPP and ET sensitivity in a changing climate is recognized.