Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust power management in the IBM z13

The power management strategy adopted for the IBM z13™ processor chip (referred to as the CP or Central Processor chip) is guided by three basic principles: (a) controlling the peak power consumption by setting a realistic limit on the so-called thermal design power or thermal design point (TDP) driven by customer workloads and maximum-power stress microbenchmarks; (b) reduction of the voltage margin by using a novel dynamic guard-banding technique; and (c) the creation of a rich new set of fine-grained, time-synchronized sensors that track performance, power, temperature, and power management behavior for a running machine. A prime requirement of the power management architecture is that the efficient control mechanisms be designed in such a manner that the high standards of IBM z Systems™ application performance and reliability be maintained without any compromise. In this paper, we describe the key features constituting the z13 CP robust power management architecture and design that meet the stipulated objectives.
Early intervention with mesenchymal stem cells prevents nephropathy in diabetic rats by ameliorating the inflammatory microenvironment

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment has been demonstrated to be effective in DN models by reducing albuminuria and attenuating glomerular injury; however, limited in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanism and a lack of clinical trials hinders its clinical use. Additionally, most of these experimental studies were conducted on the advanced stage of nephropathy, which is difficult to reverse and consequently showed limited therapeutic efficacy. We sought to evaluate whether early intervention by MSCs has the potential to prevent DN onset and progression as well as protect kidney function when intravenously administered to rats with diabetes. Diabetes was induced in adult male SD rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The diabetic rats were injected with or without bone marrow-derived MSCs (5×106 per rat), via tail vein at 2, 4, 5 and 7 weeks after diabetes onset. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels in serum samples and glycosuria (GLU), microalbumin (MAU), and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine samples were determined. Renal pathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD68, MCP-1, fibronectin (FN), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also performed. Expression levels of the above factors as well as interleukin-10 (IL-10), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were assessed by qPCR and multiplex bead-based suspension array system, respectively. Additionally, MSC tracing in vivo was performed. Ex vivo, peritoneal macrophages were co-cultured with MSCs, and expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected as well. MSC treatment profoundly suppressed renal macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine secretion in diabetic rats, resulting in prominently improved kidney histology, systemic homeostasis, and animal survival, although no significant effect on hyperglycemia was observed. Engrafted MSCs were primarily localized in deteriorated areas of the kidney and immune organs 48 h after infusion. MSC treatment upregulated serum anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and EGF. Ex vivo, MSCs inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophage activation via the downregulation of inflammatory-related cytokines such as IL-6, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β. Our results demonstrated that early intervention with MSCs prevented renal injury via immune regulation in diabetic rats, which restored the homeostasis of the immune microenvironment, contributing to the prevention of kidney dysfunction and glomerulosclerosis.
The Emergence of Metallurgy in the Central Mediterranean Region: A New Model

This study seeks to discuss the origins and early spread of metal technology in the central Mediterranean region. Neolithic and Copper Age evidence of metal-working and metal-using is first reviewed. It is claimed in particular that copper tools were first used, and probably also made, south of the Alps in the late Neolithic, and that complex polymetallic metallurgy developed in the early Copper Age after a short-lived intensification phase in the final Neolithic. In the second section, current models explaining the emergence of metallurgy in this region are then discussed, and a new proposal is put forward. This claims that metal technology, coming from eastern Europe, was imported into the whole of the east-central alpine region in the third quarter of the fifth millennium BC. Thence, it would have swiftly spread throughout northern Italy, central Italy, and Sardinia, and would have reached Corsica, southern Italy, and Sicily somewhat later. Finally, it is argued that the Copper Age metalworking communities dwelling in the western part of the central Mediterranean, and especially those located in west-central Italy, would have played a key role in transmitting knowledge of extractive metallurgy further west in the late fourth millennium BC.
Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Vision Loss among AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Patients in Southern Thailand

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the incidence of and risk factors for visual acuity (VA) loss in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Methods: A total of 132 patients were included. The main outcome measurements were the incidences of VA loss to ≤20/50 and ≤20/200. Results: The incidences of VA loss to ≤20/50 and ≤20/200 were 0.22/eye-year (EY) and 0.12/EY, respectively. Risk factors for the incidence of VA loss to ≤20/50 were low nadir CD4+ T-cell count (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.1), large area of retinitis (aHR, 3.7), and no immune recovery (IR) (aHR, 13.9). Risk factors for the incidence of VA loss to ≤20/200 were not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (aHR, 4.4) and large retinitis area (aHR, 2.1). Conclusions: The incidence of VA loss in eyes affected by CMV retinitis was high. The use of HAART, particularly with subsequent immune recovery, substantially reduced the incidence of VA loss.
Implementation of Web-based argumentation in facilitating elementary school students to learn environmental issues

This research develops a Web-based argumentation system named the Web-based Interactive Argumentation System WIAS. WIAS can provide teachers with the scaffolding for argumentation instruction. Students can propose their statements, collect supporting evidence and share and discuss with peers online. This research adopts a quasi-experimental design, applying WIAS to the teaching of environmental issues, including mudslides, global warming and nuclear power. Fifty-seven elementary school fifth graders from two classes participated in this research. With each class as a unit, they were divided into the WIAS group n=30 and the traditional argumentation instruction TAI group n=27. Before research, all students took the pre-test of the 'achievement test for environmental issues ATEI' and the 'environmental literacy scale ELS. ' Then all students received argumentation training and six classes of argumentation instruction. Students in the WIAS group performed argumentation in the WIAS, while those in the TAI group performed argumentation in a traditional classroom. After the six-class argumentation instruction, all students took the post-test of the ATEI and ELS. The results show that students in the WIAS group have significantly better learning effectiveness than those in the TAI group. Students in the WIAS group also exhibited significantly better improvement in their environmental literacy.
Treatment of major depressive disorder in the Finnish general population

Background: Few general population studies of the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) have included the whole spectrum of treatments. We estimated the rates of different treatments and the effect of individual and disorder characteristics plus provider type on treatment received. Methods: In the Health 2000 Study, a representative sample (n=6,005) from the adult Finnish population (≥30 years) were interviewed (CIDI) in 2000–2001 for the presence of DSM‐IV mental disorders during the past 12 months. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors influencing the type of treatment: either pharmacotherapies (antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics, antipsychotics) or psychological treatment. Results: Of the individuals with MDD (n=288), currently 24% used antidepressants, 11% anxiolytics, 16% sedatives/hypnotics, 5% antipsychotics, and 17% reported having received psychological treatment. Overall, 31% received antidepressants or psychological treatment or both; 18% received minimally adequate treatment. Of those 33% (n=94) using health care services for mental reasons, 76% received antidepressants or psychological treatment or both; 54% received minimal adequate treatment. In logistic regression models, the use of antidepressants was associated with female sex, being single, severe MDD, perceived disability, and comorbid dysthymic disorder; psychological treatment with being divorced, perceived disability, and comorbid anxiety disorder. Conclusions: Due to the low use of health services for mental reasons, only one‐third of subjects with MDD use antidepressants, and less than one‐fifth receives psychological treatment. The treatments provided are determined mostly by clinical factors such as severity and comorbidity, in part by sex and marital status, but not education or income. Depression and Anxiety 26:1049–1059, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of Polymorphisms of the Estrogen Receptor α Gene With Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Women: A Meta‐Analysis

The contribution of genetic polymorphisms to bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in women is a controversial topic. We evaluated the effect of the XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor α to BMD and fracture risk in a meta‐analysis, including published data and additional information from investigators. Five thousand eight hundred thirty‐four women from 30 study groups were analyzed with fixed and random effects models. The PvuII polymorphism was not associated with BMD at any skeletal site examined and 95% CIs exclude effects over 0.015 g/cm2 for both the femoral neck and the lumbar spine. Conversely, XX homozygotes (women carrying two copies of the gene variant without an XbaI restriction site) consistently had higher BMD than other subjects. The magnitude of the effect was similar in the femoral neck and lumbar spine (0.014 g/cm2 [95% CI, 0.003–0.025] and 0.015 g/cm2 [95% CI, 0.000–0.030], respectively; no between‐study heterogeneity for either). Total body BMD was also significantly higher in XX homozygotes (by 0.039 g/cm2 and 0.029 g/cm2 compared with Xx and xx, respectively). Available data on fractures suggested a protective effect for XX (odds ratio [OR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47–0.93] among 1591 women), but not PP (OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.72–1.18] among 2229 women). In summary, we have found that XX homozygotes may have higher BMD and also a decreased risk of fractures when compared with carriers of the x allele, whereas the PvuII polymorphism is not associated with either BMD or fracture risk.
Emergence of mirror neuron system: Immature vision leads to self-other correspondence

The question of how the mirror neuron system (MNS) develops has attracted increased attention of researchers. Among various hypotheses, a widely accepted model is associative sequence learning, which acquires the MNS as a by-product of sensorimotor learning. The model, however, cannot discriminate self from others since it adopts too much simplified sensory representations. We propose a computational model for early development of the MNS, which is originated in immature vision. The model gradually increases the spatiotemporal resolution of a robot's vision while the robot learns sensorimotor mapping through primal interactions with others. In the early stage of development, the robot interprets all observed actions as equivalent due to a lower resolution, and thus associates the non-differentiated observation with motor commands. As vision develops, the robot starts discriminating actions generated by self from those by others. The initially acquired association is, however, maintained through development, which results in two types of associations: one is between motor commands and self-observation and the other between motor commands and other-observation (i.e., what the MNS does). Our experiments demonstrate that the model achieves early development of the MNS, which enables a robot to imitate others' actions.
Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged.

1. Data are presented on a random sample of 1,077 persons residing in homes for the aged, nursing homes and state hospitals in New York City, who were 65 years of age or over at the time of first admission. Each person was examined by a psychiatrist using a standard interview technique, and by a psychologist who administered two brief tests: the face-hand test, and a 10-item questionnaire testing orientation and recall of personal and general information. 2. The results of both tests were highly related to psychiatrists' clinical evaluations of the presence and degree of chronic brain syndrome, the presence or absence of psychosis associated with chronic brain syndrome, opinion as to certifiability, and degree of management problem. 3. It is concluded that the face-hand test and the mental status questionnaire are valid measures for the determination of mental status in the aged, particularly for disorders associated with cerebral damage. 4. These tests are considered to have a considerable potential clin.
The effects of sodium nitroprusside on myocardial contractility and haemodynamics.

The cardiovascular effects of four different infusion rates (5, 10, 20 and 40 fxg kgmin") of a 0.01% solution of sodium nitroprusside were studied in six anaesthetized dogs. The animals received IPPV with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen under four sets of conditions: (a) with 0.6% halothane and normocapnia, (b) with 0.6% halothane and hypocapnia, (c) with 1.2% halothane and normocapnia, and (d) with 0.6% halothane and /S-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol 02 mg kg". Left ventricular pressure, aortic pressure and flow (electromagnetic flow transducer), pulmonary artery pressure, stroke volume, peak aortic blood acceleration and max LV dP/dt were measured. Aortic input impedance, the distribution of energy during ventricular ejection and (max LV dP/dt)/IP, were calculated. Sodium nitroprusside was found to have no adverse effect on myocardial contractility. Reduced left ventricular filling appears to preclude any increase in cardiac output despite an increase in heart rate and a marked reduction in the impedance to left ventricular ejection.
Explaining differences in birth outcomes in relation to maternal age: the Generation R Study

co-infection, they are pertinent to dismantle the added burden of HIV infection among pregnant women with tuberculosis. It is also intriguing that Mnyani and McIntyre selected an Indian study to support the view that maternal tuberculosis is a relatively innocuous problem; unfortunately, this study had a follow-up rate of only 40%, suggesting the possibility that the more adversely affected women were excluded. Despite growing evidence that maternal tuberculosis is a serious perinatal problem, most reviews, including that of Mnyani and McIntyre, take a more moderate view. Furthermore, severe maternal morbidities, leading to repeated hospital admissions and prolonged hospital stay, and maternal deaths reported in earlier studies, which remain major concerns in maternal tuberculosis, were almost omitted in this recent review. The greater emphasis on HIV-related issues and antiretroviral therapy diverts attention away from the primary focus of tuberculosis in pregnancy to dual infection, which is more relevant for African scenarios. j
A novel surgical technique for preserving the bladder neck during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: preliminary results.

PURPOSE To describe our new surgical technique for preserving the bladder neck during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and to present the anatomy between the bladder neck and prostate. METHODS Between December 2012 and May 2014, 52 RALPs were performed at our institute. Demographic, perioperative, and postoperative data were recorded. Quality of life (QoL) scores were assessed before RALP, after urethral catheter removal, and at the first month after RALP. Fatty connective tissue between bladder neck and prostate was introduced, and circular muscle fibers of the internal sphincter were seen in all patients. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 9.6±5.2 months; mean age was 61.1±6.5 years. Our novel surgical technique for preserving the bladder neck was performed in 52 patients, and they were continent after catheter removal; mean duration of the catheter was 9.4±1.4 days. There was a significant difference in QoL before RALP and after catheter removal, however, but there was no statistical difference between before and 1 month after RALP (respectively; P<0.001, P=0.5). Furthermore, there was no complication related to the bladder neck such as bladder neck stricture, acute/chronic urinary retention, as well as no Clavien III, IV, and V complications. In addition, conventional laparoscopy and/or open surgery was not needed in any of the RALP cases. CONCLUSION Our novel technique provided very early continence at the time of catheter removal after RALP within short-term follow-up. This can help early recovery and develop QoL scores after RALP.
Correlating Intraocular Pressure, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate Changes after Jogging

Purpose To examine the effects of jogging on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). METHODS Twenty-nine healthy individuals-25 athletes and 4 untrained-were studied. IOP, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR were measured before and just after 20 minutes of jogging (submaximal - 70% - aerobic exercise). Results IOP decreased after jogging. Only three individuals had unchanged IOP in one eye and one individual in both eyes. The IOP decrease (1 to 8 mmHg) was statistically significant (p<0.001). BP increased after jogging (systolic: 0 to 60 mmHg, statistically significant changes, p<0.001; diastolic: 0 to 15 mmHg, statistically significant changes, p<0.001). HR increased as well (15 to 80 pulses/min, statistically significant changes, p<0.001). However, there were individuals who presented a significant decrease of IOP and a mild BP rise and vice versa, and also individuals with mild IOP decrease and significant HR change and vice versa. The statistical analysis clearly showed that there are no linear quantitative correlations between BP or HR changes and IOP changes. CONCLUSIONS IOP decreases after jogging. Changes in BP and HR values have no linear quantitative correlation with IOP decrease.
Improved diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic diseases with a combination of various novel serum biomarkers--case control study from Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal.

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a distressing disease with a miserable prospects and early recognition remains a challenge due to ubiquitous symptomatic presentation, deep anatomical location, and aggressive etiology. False positives and problems in distinguishing pancreatitis from adenocarcinoma limit the use of CA 19-9 as both disorders can present with similar symptoms and share radiographic physiognomies. This study aimed to assess the relative increase in accuracy of diagnosing the patients with chronic pancreatitis, benign neoplasm of pancreas and adenocarcinomas with CA 19-9, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A in comparison to CA 19-9 alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS This hospital based case control study was carried out in the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2011. The variables assessed were age, gender, serum CA19-9, serum haptoglobulin, serum Amyloid A. The data were analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8. 0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5. 1 Windows Version. RESULTS Out of 197 cases of pancreatic disease, maximum number of assumed cases were of adenocarcinoma of pancreas (95). Number of males (59) were more than females (36) in assumed cases of adenocarcinoma of pancreas. The mean values of CA19-9 raised considerably in cases of chronic pancreatitis, benign neoplasm and adenocarcinoma of pancreas when compared to controls. The highest augmention in CA19-9 values were in cases of adenocarcinoma of pancreas. The p-value indicates that in cases of chronic pancreatitis, there was not significant increase in precision of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These statistics established that haptoglobin and SAA are useful in discriminating cancer from benign conditions as well as healthy controls.
Immunolocalization of the mGluR1b Splice Variant of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 at Parallel Fiber‐Purkinje Cell Synapses in the Rat Cerebellar Cortex

Several metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) subtypes have been identified in the cerebellar cortex that are targeted to different compartments in cerebellar cells. In this study, preembedding immunocytochemical methods for electron microscopy were used to investigate the subcellular distribution of the mGluR1b splice variant in the rat cerebellar cortex. Dendritic spines of Purkinje cells receiving parallel fiber synaptic terminals were immunoreactive for mGluR1b. With a preembedding immunogold method, ~25% of the mGluR1b immunolabeling was observed perisynaptically within 60 nm from the edge of the postsynaptic densities. Values of extrasynaptic gold particles beyond the first 60 nm were maintained at between 10 and 18% along the whole intracellular surface of the dentritic spine membranes of Purkinje cells. For comparison, the distribution of mGluR1a was studied. A predominant (~37%) perisynaptic localization of mGluR1a was seen in dendritic spines of Purkinje cells, dropping the extrasynaptic labeling to 15% in the 60‐120‐nm bin from the edge of the postsynaptic specialization. Our results reveal that mGluR1b and mGluR1a are localized to the same subcellular compartments in Purkinje cells but that the densities of the perisynaptic and extrasynaptic pools were different for both isoforms. The compartmentalization of mGluR1b and mGluR1a might serve distinct requirements in cerebellar neurotransmission.
Polymorphisms of the XRCC 1 , XRCC 3 and XPD genes and risk of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma , in a Norwegian cohort : a case control study

1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital, N-3710 Skien, Norway 2 Telemark University College, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Environmental and Health Studies, Hallvard Eikas plass, N-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway 3 National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark 4 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark 5 Department of Pathology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 6 Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital / University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway 7 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway