Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of Blended Learning Media for Flipped Classroom Model on Direct Learning in Process Evaluation Courses and Chemistry Learning Outcomes

The development of knowledge and technology is a challenge for educators to be creative in learning. Innovative and interesting learning media is needed now to anticipate the times. This study aimed to develop blended learning media with a flipped classroom model on direct learning in the course of evaluating chemistry learning processes and outcomes. This research was R & D research using the development model of Borg & Gall. The results showed that blended learning media for flipped classroom model proper to use in the evaluating the process and the chemistry learning outcomes lecturing which were shown from the results of the feasibility test from aspects of material, graphics, and language obtained an average of 95.33 is very high categories. Limited and extensive trials on students showed the readability of high category media. The effectiveness test also showed that the use of blended learning media for flipped classroom model on direct learning could increase students learning interest in Chemistry Education study
Calibrating the Level of Capital: The Way We See It

This paper aims primarily to propose the framework for estimating the optimal levels of capital at banks with broad perspectives, elaborating factors such as liquidity and macroeconomic conditions. First, we attempt to reorganize the variety of policy proposals for enhancing financial sector regulation. In light of the broad perspective of the prudential policy framework, we discuss the role of bank capital in enhancing banking-sector resilience. Second, with our perspective in mind, we lay out an early warning system (EWS) to predict a financial crisis where the role of capital and liquidity are explicitly captured. In the EWS, the estimation results confirm two-fold evidence: (i) capital and liquidity are imperfect substitutes for each other against the probability of crisis. And, on top of the liquidity on the asset side of the banks' balance sheet, (ii) liability-side liquidity has a statistically significant predictive power for a potential financial crisis a few years ahead. Then, we apply the EWS as a component of a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to gauge the benefit from raising capital and liquidity requirements, as more stringent regulations are expected to reduce the probability of financial crisis. On the other hand, financial-sector regulations should come along with certain costs. To quantify the cost, we employ some existing macroeconomic models to estimate the cost of raising capital and liquidity requirements. Combining the EWS (for benefit calculation) with the macroeconomic models (for cost calculation), we provide a full-fledged CBA framework that can determine the optimal levels of capital that strike the right balance between the costs and benefits of the financial-sector regulation. The main results indicate that the optimal level of bank capital would considerably vary depending on the level of liquidity indicators both on the asset and liability sides of banks' balance sheets as well as macroeconomic conditions, typically represented by housing market inflation. Finally, the CBA framework suggests that banks could stand in a better shape with a counter-cyclical capital buffer to be well-prepared for a prospective distress.
When and Where do Elections Matter? A Global Test of the Democratization by Elections Hypothesis, 1900-2012

To date studies assessing the democratizing effects of elections have produced mixed results. While findings suggest that successive uninterrupted election cycles in a global sample (Teorell and Hadenius 2009) and within sub-Saharan Africa (Lindberg 2006, 2009) have a robust positive impact on democratization, tests in other regions have been less encouraging. In particular, negative empirical findings in Latin America (McCoy and Hartlyn 2009) and Postcommunist Europe (Kaya and Bernhard 2013) call into question whether the democratizing effect of elections is isolated to the sub-Saharan region. In addition, the hypothesis has been subject to conceptual criticism (Lust-Okar 2009). This paper poses a comprehensive and global set of tests on the democratizing effect of elections, assessing the scope of the argument both geographically and temporally. We test whether elections have a democratizing effect in specific regions, in specific time periods, and globally. In particular we assess whether the effects are largely confined to Africa, during the third wave, or if this is a more general phenomenon. We find consistent support that the reiteration of contested multiparty elections leads to the improvement of rule of law and the quality of civil rights protections.
The Unfolding of Value Sources During Online Business Model Transformation

Purpose: In the magazine publishing industry, viable online business models are still rare to absent. To prepare for the ‘digital future’ and safeguard their long-term survival, many publishers are currently in the process of transforming their online business model. Against this backdrop, this study aims to develop a deeper understanding of (1) how the different building blocks of an online business model are transformed over time and (2) how sources of value creation unfold during this transformation process. Methodology: To answer our research question, we conducted a longitudinal case study with a leading German business magazine publisher (called BIZ). Data was triangulated from multiple sources including interviews, internal documents, and direct observations. Findings: Based on our case study, we nd that BIZ used the transformation process to differentiate its online business model from its traditional print business model along several dimensions, and that BIZ’s online business model changed from an efficiency- to a complementarity- to a novelty-based model during this process. Research implications: Our findings suggest that different business model transformation phases relate to different value sources, questioning the appropriateness of value source-based approaches for classifying business models. Practical implications: The results of our case study highlight the need for online-offline business model differentiation and point to the important distinction between service and product differentiation. Originality: Our study contributes to the business model literature by applying a dynamic and holistic perspective on the link between online business model changes and unfolding value sources.
Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of South American species and populations of Hypochaeris (Asteraceae)

One hundred and thirty-seven new chromosome counts are reported from 104 populations of 26 native South American taxa of Hypochaeris (Asteraceae, Lactuceae), together with two invasive Mediterranean species: H. glabra and H. radicata . First reports are provided for seven taxa ( H. alba , H. cf. eremophila , H. caespitosa , H. hookeri , H. parodii , H. patagonica and H. pinnatifida ) and one new ploidy level is reported (diploid for H. incana , so far known only as a tetraploid). Including the results of this study, the chromosomes of 39 of the c . 50 Hypochaeris species known from the New World have now been counted. Most species are diploid with 2 n = 2 x = 8 and have bimodal, asymmetrical karyotypes. Tetraploidy (2 n = 4 x = 16) is reported here for the first time in H. caespitosa . Infra-specific polyploidy (probably autopolyploidy) is reported in H. incana and H. taraxacoides , both cases including infra-populational cytotype mixtures (2 x and 4 x ). Polyploidy is now known from eight South American Hypochaeris species ( c . 16%). Basic karyotype analyses allow the placement of the newly counted taxa into previously proposed but slightly modified groupings and provide the framework for further molecular cytogenetic analyses. The reported findings suggest that chromosomal change in South American Hypochaeris , in contrast to Old World species, has not involved aneuploidy, but polyploidy and/or more subtle changes in chromosome length, perhaps via satellite DNA amplification/deletion or activity of retroelements, and rDNA reorganization. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 , 49‐60.
INCREASING PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS AMONG TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS: A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE EXPERIENCE

Increasing Prevalence of Hepatitis among Transfusion Transmitted Infections: A tertiary care centre experience. BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion despite being a lifesaving intervention may result in acute or delayed complications and carries the risk of transfusion- transmissible infections (TTI's). There has been an alarming rise of hepatitis (B&C) infection among blood donors and not much related to prevention or prophylaxis has been done so as to reduce the risk of transmission. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The study was done to find out the prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among transfusion transmitted infections in a healthy blood donor population METHODOLOGY: A six years retrospective study of sero-reactive cases of TTD's among the blood donors was done (2004-2009) in Blood Transfusion Unit, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana. The data was retrieved from the blood bank records with special emphasis on hepatitis infection among the blood donors. RESULTS: Over all 64,528 donors were screened for the Transfusion Transmitted infections (HBV, HCV, HIV1&2,Malarial Parasite, and VDRL) of which majority were males. Overall seroprevelance for the transfusion transmitted infections was 2.72%. Seropositivity for Hepatitis per se was 2.4%. Majority of the donors were reactive for HCV infection (1.4%) followed by HBV (1.0%), HIV1&2(0.2%), VDRL (0.1%) and Malaria parasite infection (0.02%). CONCLUSION: There has been an alarming rise of hepatitis cases, especially HCV among the blood donor population which need to be looked upon and special preventive measures need to be taken at the national level to combat this
The South Atlantic Convergence Zone: a critical view and overview

The South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) is an elongated and persistent band of convection which in the summer season and fairly frequently extends itself from the Amazon to the ocean offshore the Brazilian coasts, playing a significant role in the country´s rainfall regime. Together with its twins in the Pacific and Indian, it makes up a new category of large-scale meteorological organisms, identified from the 1970s through the analysis of satellite observations. The explanation for the phenomenon is still a challenge to meteorology and climatology; essentially, it results from an intense interaction between tropical and mid-latitude systems. In this paper, we review a part of the subject´s history, including, besides Brazilian researchers´s contributions, the providential Japanese studies comparing the SACZ with the Baiu, and present brief descriptions of SACZ events in Brazil. As a complement, we report ourselves to two events of destructive intense precipitation, of frontal nature, in Sao Paulo state, to be compared to SACZ action.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAND ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF RABBITINFESTATIONIN CENTRAL OTAGO

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus coniculus) introduced into New Zealand in the 183Os, has consistently flourished in Central Otago, the upper Waitaki, and inland Marlborough, all areas of mediterranean climate. It has proved difficult to manage in these habitats. The ‘rabbit problem’ is largely confined to 105,000 ha of low producing land mostly in semi arid areas of Central Otago. No field scale modifications of the natural habitat have been successful in limiting rabbit numbers. The costs of control exceed the revenue from the land and continued public funding for control operations appears necessary. A system for classifying land according to the degree of rabbit proneness is described. Soil survey and land classification information for Central Otago is related to the distribution and density of rabbits. This intormation can be used as a basis for defining rabbit carrying capacity and consequent land use constraints and management needs. It is concluded that the natural rabbit carrying capacity of land can be defined by reference to soil survey information and cultural modification to the natural vegetation. Classification of land according to rabbit proneness is proposed as a means of identifying the need for, and allocation of, public funding tor rabbit management.
The Influence of Powder Particle Size on Properties of Cu-Al2O3 Composites

Inert gas atomized prealloyed copper powder containing 2 wt. % Al (average particle size ≈ 30 μm) and a mixture consisting of copper (average particle sizes ≈ 15 μm and 30 μm) and 4 wt. % of commercial Al2O3 powder particles (average particle size ≈ 0.75 μm) were milled separately in a high-energy planetary ball mill up to 20 h in air. Milling was performed in order to strengthen the copper matrix by grain size refinement and Al2O3 particles. Milling in air of prealloyed copper powder promoted formation of finely dispersed nano-sized Al2O3 particles by internal oxidation. On the other side, composite powders with commercial micro-sized Al2O3 particles were obtained by mechanical alloying. Following milling, powders were treated in hydrogen at 400 0 C for 1h in order to eliminate copper oxides formed on their surface during milling. Hot-pressing (800 0 C for 3 h in argon at pressure of 35 MPa) was used for compaction of milled powders. Hot-pressed composite compacts processed from 5 and 20 h milled powders were additionally subjected to high temperature exposure (800 0 C for 1 and 5 h in argon) in order to examine their thermal stability. The results were discussed in terms of the effects of different size of starting powders, the grain size refinement and different size of Al2O3 particles on strengthening, thermal stability and electrical conductivity of copper-based composites.
Drug susceptibility test on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in three sites of Ethiopia

The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become a challenge to the global tuberculosis control and prevention program.Nevertheless, no adequate information has been made available on the drug susceptibility status of M. tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed atevaluating the drug resistance patterns of M. tuberculosis in the three sites of Ethiopia and its association with socio-demographic factors. A total of 102 M. tuberculosis isolates obtained from tuberculosis (TB) patients from three different sites were tested for drug susceptibility against the first and second-line anti-TB drugs using the proportion method on enriched Middle Brook 7H10 agar. The result showed that 36.3% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the first line anti-TB drugs used in this study. The proportions of mono-resistance were 29.4, 13.7, 13.7 and 23.5% to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol, respectively. The proportion of MDR M. tuberculosis was 11.8%. Only 55% of the isolates were susceptible to all the second line anti-TB drugs used in this study. One isolate (1%) was extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The occurrence of MDR M. tuberculosisisolates was not associated with sex, age, anti-TB treatment history, HIV status andlocation. The findings of this study showed moderate number of MDR M. tuberculosis isolates in the study area, warranting the necessity of the surveillance and monitoring. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug resistance, Ethiopia
SCOUR DEVELOPMENT IN COMPLEX SEDIMENT BEDS

Offshore windfarms are often situated in complex sediment beds made up of layers and mixtures of sands, gravels and clays. However, little is known about how these types of sediment beds actually affect the scour process. Therefore, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to test simplified cases of layered and mixed sediment beds, as a basis for improving understanding of scour in complex situations. Two sands were used in the tests; one fine and one coarse with 0.2 and 0.6mm respective median grain sizes. In the layered case with fine sand as the upper layer, it was found that scour development in the underlying coarse sand was enhanced compared to scour in a uniform bed of the coarse sand. In the mixed case the shape of the scour curve was significantly altered as were the time to equilibrium and equilibrium scour depth.
Propagation of Radiosonde Pressure Sensor Errors to Ozonesonde Measurements

Abstract. Several previous studies highlight pressure (or equivalently, pressure altitude) discrepancies between the radiosonde pressure sensor and that derived from a GPS flown with the radiosonde. The offsets vary during the ascent both in absolute and percent pressure differences. To investigate this problem further, a total of 731 radiosonde/ozonesonde launches from the Southern Hemisphere subtropics to northern mid-latitudes are considered, with launches between 2005 and 2013 from both longer term and campaign-based intensive stations. Five series of radiosondes from two manufacturers (International Met Systems: iMet, iMet-P, iMet-S, and Vaisala: RS80-15N and RS92-SGP) are analyzed to determine the magnitude of the pressure offset. Additionally, electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes from three manufacturers (Science Pump Corporation; SPC and ENSCI/Droplet Measurement Technologies; DMT) are analyzed to quantify the effects these offsets have on the calculation of ECC ozone (O3) mixing ratio profiles (O3MR) from the ozonesonde-measured partial pressure. Approximately half of all offsets are > ±0.6 hPa in the free troposphere, with nearly a third > ±1.0 hPa at 26 km, where the 1.0 hPa error represents ~ 5% of the total atmospheric pressure. Pressure offsets have negligible effects on O3MR below 20 km (96% of launches lie within ±5% O3MR error at 20 km). Ozone mixing ratio errors above 10 hPa (~ 30 km), can approach greater than ±10% (> 25% of launches that reach 30 km exceed this threshold). These errors cause disagreement between the integrated ozonesonde-only column O3 from the GPS and radiosonde pressure profile by an average of +6.5 DU. Comparisons of total column O3 between the GPS and radiosonde pressure profiles yield average differences of +1.1 DU when the O3 is integrated to burst with addition of the McPeters and Labow (2012) above-burst O3 column climatology. Total column differences are reduced to an average of −0.5 DU when the O3 profile is integrated to 10 hPa with subsequent addition of the O3 climatology above 10 hPa. The RS92 radiosondes are superior in performance compared to other radiosondes, with average 26 km errors of −0.12 hPa or +0.61% O3MR error. iMet-P radiosondes had average 26 km errors of −1.95 hPa or +8.75 % O3MR error. Based on our analysis, we suggest that ozonesondes always be coupled with a GPS-enabled radiosonde and that pressure-dependent variables, such as O3MR, be recalculated/reprocessed using the GPS-measured altitude, especially when 26 km pressure offsets exceed ±1.0 hPa/±5%.
THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE FORK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (TYRANNUS SAVANA) IN LOWLAND PINE SAVANNA HABITATS IN BELIZE

We studied the breeding biology of the Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savana) in lowland pine savanna habitat in central Belize. We conducted nest searching, monitoring, and breeding season banding from early April to early August of 1999, 2000 and 2001. The study took place at two different sites approximately 10 km apart, but in similar habitats. Sixty-one nests of the Fork-tailed Flycatcher were found and monitored. Based on the number of eggs and/or nestlings present when the nest was found, the clutch size for the majority of nests was 3, with a range of 1-4. The incubation period ranged from 10.0 to 13.5 days, and the nestling period ranged from 16.5 to 18 days. Nest height ranged from 0.4 to 9.6 m and substrate height from 1.3 to 11.2 m. Plant species most commonly used as nest substrates included Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea), calabash (Crescentia cujete), craboo (Byrsonima crassifolia), and palmetto (Acoelorraphe wrightii). During the nest-searching period, few nests were found in early April, nest numbers peaked from mid-April to mid-July, then declined in early August. During bird banding, three of the four Fork-tailed Flycatchers captured had a brood patch, indicating that they were in breeding condition at the time of banding. The daily probability of survival was 0.951 and the daily mortality rate was 0.049. The Mayfield probability of nest success from the start of incubation to fledging was 26.5%. Reproductive suc-
Best Strategies against Respiratory Problems in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Background Neonatology has evolved with respect to the needs of premature infants for special care. One of the major problems in premature infants is that their lungs are not developed adequately to fulfill newborns’ needs. There is a broad spectrum of strategies for management of respiratory problems in premature infants. In this study, we aimed to determine the best Strategies against Respiratory Problems in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants. Materials and Methods In this analytical, prospective study, we recruited 79 newborns with birth weight of less than 1000 g, who were born in Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran- Iran, during September 2011-March 2013. The newborns were divided into three groups of Supportive care (n=10), the INSURE strategy (n=17), and Mechanical ventilation (n=52) based on their needs. Survival rate and complications were evaluated among these groups. Results Gestational age ranged between 23 and 34 weeks, and birth weight ranged between 420g and 1000 g. Survival rates in the supportive care, INSURE, mechanical ventilation groups were 90%, 47.1%, and 17.3%, respectively. Gestational age and birth weight in the three groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Complications were not significantly different between the groups except for pulmonary hemorrhage, which was significantly higher in the mechanical ventilation group, compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion However weight and gestational age are significantly different in all three groups, but only pulmonary hemorrhage as biomedical variable was higher in mechanical ventilation group. The best strategy according to different conditions for challenging babies is intervention only when it would be necessary and not rushing in INSURE and mechanical ventilation.
Incremental Validity of Leaderless Group Discussion Ratings Over and Above General Mental Ability and Personality in Predicting Promotion

Leaderless group discussions (LGDs) constitute one of the oldest assessment center exercises. In recent times, their added value has sometimes been questioned in light of trends to streamline assessment centers. The purpose of the present study is to examine the incre-mental validity of LGD ratings over cognitive ability scores and personality ratings for the prediction of extrinsic career success (i.e., promotion speed and number of promotions). We investigated this issue in the context of the promotion of French naval officers (N 5 93) in an academy for high-level executive positions over a 10-year period. Results indicated that LGD ratings accounted for incremental variance in the prediction of promotion criterion measures, beyond cognitive ability and personality test scores. These results confirm that LGD ratings provide a unique contribution to the prediction of extrinsic career success in high-level executive positions.