Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accident Analysis and Prevention Modelling area-wide count outcomes with spatial correlation and heterogeneity: An analysis of London crash data

Count models such as negative binomial (NB) regression models are normally employed to establish a relationship between area-wide trafﬁc crashes and the contributing factors. Since crash data are collected with reference to location measured as points in space, spatial dependence exists among the area-level crash observations. Although NB models can take account of the effect of unobserved heterogeneity (due to omitted variables in the model) among neighbourhoods, such models may not account for spatial correlation areas. It is then essential to adopt an econometric model that takes account of both spatial dependence and uncorrelated heterogeneity simultaneously among neighbouring units. In studying the spatialpatternoftrafﬁccrashes,twotypesofspatialmodelsmaybeemployed:(i)classicalspatialmodels for higher levels of spatial aggregation such as states, counties, etc. and (ii) Bayesian hierarchical models forallspatialunits,especiallyforsmallerscalearea-aggregations.Therefore,theprimaryobjectivesofthis paper is to develop a series of relationships between area-wide different trafﬁc casualties and the con- tributing factors associated with ward characteristics using both non-spatial models (such as NB models) and spatial models and to identify the similarities and differences among these relationships. The spatial units of the analysis are the 633 census wards from the Greater London metropolitan area. Ward-level casualty data are disaggregated by severity of the casualty (such as fatalities, serious injuries, and slight injuries) and by severity of the casualty related to various road users. The analysis implies that different ward-level factors affect trafﬁc casualties differently. The results also suggestthatBayesianhierarchicalmodelsaremoreappropriateindevelopingarelationshipbetweenarea-wide trafﬁc crashes and the contributing factors associated with the road infrastructure, socioeconomic and trafﬁc conditions of the area. This is because Bayesian models accurately take account of both spatial dependence and uncorrelated heterogeneity.
Nonlinearity and pixel shifting effects in HXRG infrared detectors

We study the nonlinearity (NL) in the conversion from charge to voltage in infrared detectors (HXRG) for use in precision astronomy. We present laboratory measurements of the NL function of a H2RG detector and discuss the accuracy to which it would need to be calibrated in future space missions to perform cosmological measurements through the weak gravitational lensing technique. In addition, we present an analysis of archival data from the infrared H1RG detector of the Wide Field Camera 3 in the Hubble Space Telescope that provides evidence consistent with the existence of a sensor effect analogous to the ``brighter-fatter'' effect found in Charge-Coupled Devices. We propose a model in which this effect could be understood as shifts in the effective pixel boundaries, and discuss prospects of laboratory measurements to fully characterize this effect.
Matching, an Appealing Method to Avoid Confounding?

Matching is a technique used to avoid confounding in a study design. In a cohort study this is done by ensuring an equal distribution among exposed and unexposed of the variables believed to be confounding. In a matched case-control study, a case, affected by the disease, is matched with one or more individuals not affected by the disease, the controls. Because in a matched case-control study case and control group become too similar not only in the distribution of the confounder but also in the distribution of the exposure, one finds a lower effect estimate (odds ratio closer to 1). A matched case-control study requires statistical analysis to correct for this phenomenon. Nonetheless, a matched case-control study is suitable for confounders that are difficult to measure.
Double rate OFDM system in time varying channel

This paper introduces a new way to increase the transmission rate of data in Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) system. The data rate is doubled by doubling the number of the subcarriers in the OFDM signal. The bandwidth of the OFDM signal and the OFDM-symbol rate are not changed. Complex Exponential Subcarriers (CESs) are used instead of Real Sinusoidal Subcarriers (RSSs). Two different complex symbols are transmitted simultaneously through each pair of conjugate symmetry subcarriers instead of one complex symbol in the conventional OFDM system. The modulation order on each subcarrier is reserved without any change. The time-domain samples of the proposed OFDM symbols are complex. The real and imaginary parts of these symbols are re-modulated with two orthogonal pulse-shapes. The used pulse-shapes are chosen to be Hilbert-transform pair. Different types of pulse-shapes are proposed for using with the proposed OFDM system.
Electoral systems and the politics of coalitions : why some democracies redistribute more than others

We develop a general model of redistribution and use it to account for the remarkable variance in government redistribution across democracies. We show that the electoral system plays a key role because it shapes the composition of governing coalitions, whether these are conceived as electoral alliances between classes or alliances between class parties. Our argument implies a) that center-left governments dominate under PR systems, while center-right governments dominate under majoritarian systems, and b) that PR systems redistribute more than majoritarian systems. We test our argument on panel data for redistribution, government partisanship, and electoral system in advanced democracies. Prepared for presentation at the Juan March Institute, November 2004. A previous version of this paper was presented at the 2002 Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, Sheraton and Marriott Hotels, Boston, August 29 September 2, 2002. We thank Jim Alt, Klaus Armingeon, Neal Beck, David Brady, Geoffrey Brennan, Thomas Cusack, Jeff Frieden, Robert Goodin, Peter Hall, Peter Lange, Peter Katzenstein, Ron Rogowski, Frances Rosenbluth, Fritz Scharpf, Ken Shepsle and Michael Wallerstein for their many helpful comments. 1
The effects of a combination of garlic, oyster mushroom and propolis extract in comparison to antibiotic on growth performance, some blood parameters and nutrients digestibility of male broilers

A study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of garlic, oyster mushroom and propolis extract on the growth performance, organ weights, antibody response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), serum lipid concentrations and nutrient digestibility of male broilers. A total of 192 day old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 4 replications (16 birds per replication). Experimental treatments were a maize- soybean based diet as control, control diet supplemented with a combination of garlic (30 g/kg), oyster mushroom (2 g/kg) and propolis extract (0.2 g/kg) known as GMP, and control diet supplemented with Virginamycin (0.25 g/kg) as antibiotic. The inclusion of GMP decreased (p < 0.05) live body weight, average daily gain and feed intake but had no effect on feed conversion ratio when compared to control diet. GMP and antibiotic had no effects on relative weight of organs. Antibiotic decreased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of small intestine segments. GMP decreased total cholesterol but did not affect other serum lipids when compared to control group. Antibiotic increased (p < 0.05) cholesterol concentration in serum. The inclusion of GMP to the diet improved antibody response to NDV when compared to control and antibiotic diets. In conclusion, the results showed that GMP decreased growth performance but improved immunity of broiler chickens. More studies should be performed to confirm the action modes of such combinations.
An experimental study of low field electron mobility in double-gate, ultra-thin SOI MOSFETs

Reports, for the first time, an extensive experimental characterization of effective mobility (/spl mu//sub eff/) in ultra-thin SOI transistors operated in double gate mode. To this purpose we devised an experimental technique to determine the inversion density (N/sub inv/) and hence /spl mu//sub eff/ in SOI devices biased with arbitrary front- and back-gate voltages. Using this technique, we compared /spl mu//sub eff/ of the same samples biased either in single or double gate mode. For silicon thicknesses (T/sub SI/) of 10 nm and below a modest but unambiguous /spl mu//sub eff/ improvement in the double-gate mode is observed.
Qualidade do leite em diferentes sistemas de produção, ano e estação climática

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do leite produzido sob distintos niveis tecnologicos, durante tres anos nas quatro estacoes climaticas, na regiao sul do Brasil. Os parâmetros de qualidade do leite avaliados foram: gordura, proteina, lactose, solidos totais, contagem de celulas somaticas e contagem bacteriana total, oriundas de 346 propriedades classificadas em tres sistemas de producao (nao especializado, semi especializado, especializado). Os dados foram analisados por modelo misto com medida repetida no tempo, tendo como efeito fixo o sistema de producao, ano e estacao, e efeito aleatorio a propriedade designada em cada sistema de producao. Observou-se percentual elevado de amostras em desacordo com a Instrucao Normativa Brasileira no 62/2011. O sistema de producao afetou a contagem bacteriana total e o teor de gordura, com valores superiores para ambas no sistema nao especializado. Todas as variaveis foram influenciadas pela estacao do ano, sendo que no outono o leite apresentou percentuais superiores de gordura, proteina, solidos totais e inferior de CBT. O teor de lactose foi influenciada pelo sistema de producao e pela estacao do ano, demonstrando a influencia dos fatores estudados na qualidade do leite produzido.
Detector Performance Characterization for High Sensitivity Single-Photon Imaging

We are developing detectors for an un-collimated scanner for very high sensitivity single-photon imaging. The scanner consists of two large, thin, closely spaced, pixelated scintillation detectors of either thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)), sodium-doped cesium iodide (CsI(Na)), or bismuth germanate (BGO). The scintillator arrays are interchangeable to optimize performance for a wide range of isotope energies and imaging subjects. For each scintillator, flood histograms were obtained utilizing test gamma sources: 109Cd, 241Am, 57Co, 133Ba, 137Cs, 22Na, and beta source 32Si. Using a 3 mm thick 21 ×41 NaI(Tl) pixelated array ( 2 mm ×2 mm pixels on a 2.2 mm pitch), read out by two adjacent Hamamatasu H8500 multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (MCPMTs), the energy resolution for 57Co was 12.2% over the center of the MCPMTs and 45.3% for pixels over the gap, with flood histogram peak-to-valley ratios > 6.1 for the center of the MCPMTs and > 4.2 for the gap between the two MCPMTs. The NaI(Tl) detector consistently produced peak-to-valley ratios of > 1.6 in the center of the MCPMTs for all radioisotopes studied. CsI(Na) and BGO detectors had flood histograms of similar quality to NaI(Tl) at intermediate to high-energies, allowing for optimal imaging across a wide energy range. The measured sensitivity for point sources placed 10 mm from the detector approached 35% for low-energy isotopes and all scintillator materials, which results in an expected system sensitivity (two opposing detectors) of ~ 70% for these isotopes. The 5 mm thick BGO arrays had the greatest efficiency for high-energy isotopes due to the increased stopping power of this material. The measured spatial resolution for 99m Tc for the CsI(Na) detector (1.6 mm pitch) was 7.5 mm FWHM at the aluminum entrance window (1.5 mm from scintillator face), decreasing to 15 mm at a distance of 5 mm from the scintillator face. The NaI(Tl) detector showed similar spatial resolution. This spatial resolution is sufficient for imaging well-localized radiotracer distributions in thin objects, and the very high sensitivity can be used for fast dynamic imaging, or imaging using very low injected doses.
Sub‐typing of animal and human Campylobacter spp. using RAPD

R.H. MADDEN, L. MORAN AND P. SCATES. 1996. Based on a 10‐mer primer (5′‐ CCTGTTAGCC‐3′), a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method for typing Campylobacter coli isolated from pigs was developed. The method proved effective with a high discrimination and good reproducibility. In contrast with serotyping no untypable strains were found out of a total of 269 isolates (veterinary, food and clinical) examined. The method was also successfully applied to typing Campylobacter jejuni from a similar range of sources.
Developments of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing of TES Arrays for a Future X-Ray Satellite Mission

Arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs) X-ray microcalorimeters can provide high energy resolution and a large area necessary for the future X-ray mission Athena (2028~). An array with 4000 TESs will be employed on the X-ray satellite for the first time. The detector can achieve energy resolution of 2.5-3.0 eV and a high quantum efficiency in the energy range of 0.3-12 keV. Multiplexing the readout is necessary to minimize the number of readout amplifiers, the amount of wiring in the cryostat, and the cooling power required at the base-temperature. We are developing frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout of TES microcalorimeters. In the FDM configuration, the TES is ac voltage biased at well-defined frequencies (between 2 and 6 MHz). For the development of the readout of the Athena instrument, we are using a nearly quantum-limited high-dynamic-range two-stage superconducting quantum interference device amplifier from VTT and high-Q lithographical LC resonators. In this paper, we will present the current status of the development of FDM readout of TES microcalorimeters. We will report on the results obtained using arrays fabricated at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center group.
BLOOD PARASITES OF BIRDS FROM CHIRIQUI AND PANAMA PROVINCES IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Blood smears were examined from 3,715 birds from four areas in the Republic of Panama. Hematozoa were present in at least 142 (50%) of the 281 species examined. An overall prevalence of 18% of the individual birds was noted: Haemoproteus 9%, Plasmodium 5%, Leucocytozoon <1%, Trypanosoma 2%, Atoxoplasma/Lankesterella <1% and microfilariae 3%. Prevalence in each of the four study areas varied from 13% to 28%. Distribution is analyzed by orders, families and individual species of Plasmodium are tabulated. New host records from 170 species of birds are recorded.
Is test anxiety a peril for students with intellectual disabilities?

Test anxiety is one of the most confronting issues in modern times with the increase in the number of standardised and high-stakes testing. Research has established that there is a direct link between test anxiety and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study is to determine the test anxiety scores of the students with intellectual disabilities in South Australia. It also provided insights into the reasons for high-test anxiety in the participants under study. The Spielberger’s Test Anxiety Questionnaire was administered on students with intellectual disabilities in stage 1. Interviews were conducted with participants with intellectual disabilities, parents and teachers in stage 2. Questionnaire findings revealed that the majority of the adolescent females and males and all adult females with intellectual disabilities had high test anxiety scores. However, the majority of adult males with intellectual disabilities obtained moderate test anxiety scores. In the worry and emotionality subscales, it was also found that the majority of adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities were found to score high. The high test anxiety scores have been justified by the interview responses obtained from the three groups of respondents. A number of factors have been identified to be the major predictors of test anxiety in students with intellectual disabilities.
Soil and foliar nitrogen supply affects the composition of nitrogen and carbohydrates in young almond trees

Summary June-budded ‘Nonpareil/Nemaguard’ almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb) trees were fertigated with one of five nitrogen (N) concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM) in a modified Hoagland’s solution from July to September. In October, the trees were sprayed twice with either water or 3% urea, then harvested after natural leaf fall and stored at 2°C. Trees were destructively sampled during winter storage to determine their concentrations of amino acids, protein, and non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). Increasing N supply either via N fertigation during the growing season or with foliar urea applications in the fall increased the concentrations of both free and total amino acids, but decreased their C/N ratios. Moreover, as the N supply increased, the proportion of nitrogen stored as free amino acids also increased. However, protein was still the main form of N used for storage. The predominant amino acid in both the free and the total amino-acid pools was arginine. Arginine N accounted for an increasing proportion of the total N in both the free and the total amino acids as the nitrogen supply was increased. However, the proportion of arginine N was higher in the free amino acids than in the total amino acids. A negative relationship was found between total amino acid and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations, suggesting that TNC is increasingly used for N assimilation as the supply of nitrogen increases. Urea applications decreased the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, but had little influence on concentrations of sorbitol and starch. We conclude that protein is the primary form of storage N, and that arginine is the predominant amino acid. Furthermore, the synthesis of amino acids and proteins comes at the expense of non-structural carbohydrates.
Individual Subunits of the Eukaryotic Cytosolic Chaperonin Mediate Interactions with Binding Sites Located on Subdomains of β-Actin*

The chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) of eukaryotic cytosol is composed of eight different subunit species that are proposed to have independent functions in folding its in vivo substrates, the actins and tubulins. CCT has been loaded with 35S-β-actin by in vitro translation in reticulocyte lysate and then subjected to immunoprecipitation with all eight anti-CCT subunit antibodies in mixed micelle buffers, conditions that disrupt CCT into its constituent monomers. Interactions between35S-β-actin and isolated CCTα, CCTβ, CCTε, or CCTθ subunits are observed, suggesting that polar and electrostatic interactions may mediate actin binding to these four CCT subunits. Additionally, a β-actin peptide array was screened for CCT-binding sequences. Three regions rich in charged and polar amino acid residues, which map to the surface of native β-actin, are implicated in interactions between actin and CCT. Several of these biochemical results are consistent with the recent cryo-electron microscopy three-dimensional structure of apo-CCT-α-actin, in which α-actin is bound by the apical domains of specific CCT subunits. A model is proposed in which actin interacts with several CCT subunits during its CCT-mediated folding cycle.
Increased BDNF may not be associated with cognitive impairment in heroin-dependent patients

Abstract A growing number of evidence suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important part in modulating the activities on the basis of hippocampus neural plasticity, such as learning and memory. Heroin addiction has a series of cognitive impairments that may be associated with BDNF. In this study, we explored the association of BDNF with cognitive function in heroin-dependent patients. We enrolled 86 heroin-dependent patients and 238 normal control subjects and examined their cognition by the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) and serum BDNF levels in 2 groups. BDNF levels were significantly higher in patients than controls (P < .001). Cognitive scores of the RBANS showed that attention and language index (P < .05) were significantly lower in heroin-dependent patients than control groups. Unfortunately, we found no positive association between BDNF and cognitive function in patients, except that BDNF was positively associated with visuospatial/constructional index in control groups. Our findings suggest that BDNF may not be involved in the pathophysiology of heroin dependence, but more studies about cognitive impairment in heroin addiction are needed.
Therapeutic antibodies, vaccines and antibodyomes

The potential for antibodies to act as “magic bullets” for treatment of human disease was recognized a century ago, but its full realization has began to occur only during the last decade. A key to their current success is the ability to make libraries of antibodies/B cells, isolate a single species, and engineer it to be safe, efficacious and of high quality. Despite this progress, major challenges to the effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a vast majority of diseases remain. Limited success in the development of effective vaccines against diseases such as AIDS and cancer reflects our incomplete understanding of how antibodies are generated and function. Only a miniscule number of antibodies are characterized out of the universe of antibodies generated by the immune system. Knowledge of antibodyomes—the complete sets of antibodies—could help solve these and other challenges.
Comminuted Simultaneous Bilateral Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fractures: A Case Report

A 16-year-old male had simultaneous bilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fractures after making a sudden stop while running at full speed. The left knee injury (type V) was minimally displaced, was treated conservatively with closed reduction, and the patient recovered uneventfully. The right tibial tubercle injury was unusual. The tuberosity and anterior aspect of the proximal epiphysis remained as one, but there was severe intra-articular comminution posterior to the displaced tubercle fragment. The right knee injury (type III) required open reduction and internal fixation to reduce the apophyseal fragment and 2 intra-articular displaced fragments. The patient's recovery was complicated by a severe, persistent flexion deformity on the right side. Eventually, the patient required manipulation under anaesthesia, extensive continuous passive mobilisation and a turnbuckle extension splint. A residual 5-degree flexion deformity remained at 16 months post-injury. This case highlights the importance of identifying any intra-articular fragments, their careful anatomical reduction, and aggressive mobilisation when treating tibial tubercle avulsion fractures.
Análise das tensões nodais em blocos sobre estacas

Os blocos sobre estacas podem ser dimensionados utilizando-se, preferencialmente, modelos plasticos (bielas e tirantes) e modelos baseados na teoria da flexao. Com o intuito de analisar o comportamento das tensoes nas regioes nodais inferior e superior do bloco, realizou-se uma analise experimental e analise teorica com modelos de calculos propostos por diversos pesquisadores. Observou-se divergencias nos resultados e, em funcao disto, realizou-se uma analise critica destes resultados e sugere-se uma nova metodologia para a verificacao das tensoes nodais junto a zona nodal superior.