Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study on the assessment of deadwood volume by the French national forest inventory

Abstract• As the French national forest inventory does not currently monitor the lying compartment of the forest deadwood, the figures obtained on this topic are therefore partial. This study provides cost estimates and guidelines for assessing stumps, and standing and lying deadwood. • Comparisons were made between a fixed-area sampling method and a line-intersect one. LIS was judged more time-efficient, especially in dense understorey. Computer simulations were performed in order to estimate the gain in precision with increasing transect lengths. The results showed a continuous improvement in precision associated with increases in transect length. The longest transect tested (50 m) still had a large coefficient of variation, suggesting that improvement in precision at the plot level could still be gained with longer transects. • Therefore, from a practical standpoint in terms of fieldwork, we suggest that on a national scale lying deadwood should be measured by line-intersect sampling, whereas stumps, standing dead trees and snags can be monitored using standard fixed-area plots. To meet needs at the national level, we consider that local imprecision could be compensated for by the large number of plots measured each year. Résumé• L’inventaire forestier national français ne réalise pas l’inventaire du bois mort au sol, les résultats à ce sujet sont donc partiels. Cette étude donne des orientations en termes de coûts et de méthode pour l’échantillonnage des souches, arbres morts debout et le bois mort au sol. • Les méthodes d’inventaire par placette à surface fixe et échantillonnage linéaire ont été comparées. L’échantillonnage linéaire a été jugé plus rapide surtout lorsque le sous-bois est dense. Des simulations ont été réalisées pour estimer le gain de précision avec l’augmentation de la longueur de transect. Les résultats ont montré une amélioration continue de la précision associée à l’augmentation de la longueur de transect. Le transect le plus long testé (50 m) a toujours un coefficient de variation élevé; ce qui suggère que l’amélioration de la précision à l’échelle du point peu être obtenue avec un transect plus long. • Du point de vue pratique au niveau du travail de terrain, nous suggérons qu’à l’échelle nationale le bois mort au sol soit mesuré par transect alors que les souches, arbres morts debout et chandelles soit mesurées avec la méthode standard des placettes fixes. Afin de satisfaire aux besoins de l’échelle nationale, nous avons considéré que l’imprécision locale peut être compensée par le nombre important de points mesurés chaque année.
Evaluation of the correlation of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D serum levels with allergic rhinitis

Amac: Son yillarda alerjik hastaliklarla, D vitamini eksikligi arasindaki iliskiye dikkat ceken calismalar bulunmaktadir. Bu iliski D vitamini turevlerinin immunmodulator etkilerine baglanmistir. Ancak alerjik rinit ile D vitamini turevlerinin iliskisine dair sinirli sayida calisma bulunmaktadir. Bu konuya isik tutabilmek amaciyla calismamizi planladik. Yontem: Calisma grubu ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) kriterlerine gore alerjik rinit tanisi konulan 30 hastadan olusturulmustur. Kontrol grubuna ise ayni yas ve cinsiyetlerde alerjik rinit hastaligi bulunmayan 30 hasta dahil edilmistir. Altta yatan kalsiyum ve D vitamini eksikligi yapabilecek hastaligi bulunan hastalar calisma disinda birakilmistir. Serum 25-hidroksi (OH) vitamin D duzeyleri acisindan calisma ve kontrol gruplari arasinda anlamli fark olup olmadigi degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Her iki grupta D vitamini seviyelerinin normal (10-90 ng/mL) sinirlarda oldugu saptanmistir. Calisma grubunun ortalama serum 25(OH)vitamin D duzeyinin (15.39 ng/mL) kontrol grubuna (53.80 ng/mL) gore anlamli olarak (p=0.00) dusuk oldugu saptanmistir. D vitamini duzeyleri acisindan cinsiyetler arasinda anlamli farklilik saptanmamistir (p=0.398). Sonuc: D vitamini turevlerinin alerjik rinit uzerindeki etkilerine dair daha fazla calisma yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Bu calisma ozellikle tedaviye direncli alerjik rinit hastalarinda D vitamini eksikliginin de goz onunde bulundurulmasi gerektigine dikkat cekmektedir.
Experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with tissue homogenates from pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.

This report describes the experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with a tissue homogenate obtained from two pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Eight 2-month-old pigs were inoculated by the intranasal route, and two pigs were left as uninfected controls. Clinical signs, rectal temperatures and body weights were recorded. Pigs were necropsied at days 14 or 21 post-inoculation, and tissue samples were taken for histopathology and porcine circovirus (PCV) in-situ hybridization. Although only mild clinical signs of disease were observed, lesions of PMWS were seen, and PCV was shown to have been successfully transmitted to six of the eight pigs. Seroconversion of all inoculated pigs to PCV-2, but not to PCV-1, was also detected, suggesting that the PCV nucleic acid detected by in-situ hybridization in inoculated pigs corresponded to PCV-2. In conclusion, this report shows that PCV-2 is transmissible to pigs, and the inoculation of tissue homogenates containing the virus results in the development of PMWS-like lesions.
Modern treatment of menorrhagia

combined use of corticosteroids and tliyrotropin releasing hormone. Obstet Gynecol73,111-116. Odom M. J . , Snyder . I. M. Boggaram V. & Mendelson C. R. (1988) Glucocorticoid regulation of the major surfactant associated protein (SP-A) and its messenger ribonucleic acid and of morphological development o l the human fetal lung in vitro. Endocrinology 123, 1712-1720. Papiernik E. Rouyer J . Dreyfus J. ef a/. (1985) Prevention of preterm births: a perinatal study in Haguenau, France. Pediatrics 76, 154-158. Schellenberg J. C. , Liggins G. C. & Stewart A . W. (1987) Growth. elastin concentraticin and collagen concentration of perinatal rat lung: Effects of dexamethasone. Prdiatr Re3 21, 603-607. Schcllcnbcrg J. C. , Liggins G. C. , Manzai M. , Kitterman J . A. & Lee C.C. (1988) Synergistic hormonal effects on lung maturation in fetal sheep. J Appl
Anti-tumor Immunity and Mechanism of Immunosuppression Mediated by Tumor Cells: Role of Tumor-Derived Soluble Factors and Cytokines

The immune system plays a crucial role in the protection against tumor growth and progression. However, the activation of the immune system against the neoplastic cells does not always occur and, therefore, tumor cells are able to grow and progress continually in the host. It has now been realized that tumor cells themselves produce many of the important factors that are responsible for dismounting of effective immune response. These tumor-derived soluble factors invariably subdue the functions of almost every immune cell population. Therefore, we attempted to underline the mechanism of anti-tumor immune response and immunosuppression induced by tumor cells.
The Relevance of Organizational Characteristics for Crisis Planning

The purpose of the research was to investigate the readiness of the touristic branch for facing economic and financial crisis. The paper is based on a study undertaken in the Madrid region in 2009. Predictors of crisis including gender have been surveyed for a total of 198 hotels and 291 restaurants in the province of Madrid. The study demonstrated that the age and size of the decision-making organization and the gender of the business’ leader did influence crisis planning. Major differences were found between hotels and restaurants, the last ones being more severely affected than hotels and thus placing more emphasis on planning ahead. Age was an indicator of the existence of “soft” crisis planning tools. Size was an indicator only for restaurants. Gender of the business owner also influenced crisis planning. Recommendations for policy makers on which types of owners they need to focus on for giving assistance in time of crisis were made. The scope of the study was geographically very limited and would need to be expanded to further parts of Spain or to other countries with strong tourism activities.
Toxicity and Fate of Heavy Metals with Particular Reference to Developing Foetus

Heavy metals especially lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and chromium are well known for causing birth defects. Although, the mother may be unaffected and unaware of the contamination, infants exposed to such agents in-utero may have a number of side effects as these substances readily move across the placental barrier. Heavy metals are dangerous because they have the tendency to bioaccumulate in biological organisms over a period of time. The foetus and newborns are much more sensitive to the effects at low levels of metal exposure and this is mainly due to body weight being less and higher rate of food consumption rate, higher gastrointestinal absorption rate, less effective renal excretion, and a less effective blood-brain barrier. On the other hand, lead is tightly bound to red blood cells, thereby enhancing the transfer from maternal circulation through the placenta to the foetus. Placental transfer begins as early as the twelfth week of gestation. Arsenic is found in drinking water and is a potent toxicant but scanty research has been done on its effect on maternal health. Chromium (Cr 6+ ) accumulates in placenta and impairs foetal development in the placenta. Therefore, the fertile population should prevent themselves from exposure to chemicals, drugs and other environmental agents.
The Human Facial Expression Classification Using the Center Kernel Subspace based the Ridge Regression

The facial expression classification has been implemented on many devices. However, many researchers have conducted the research to improve the classification rate. This research has developed the algorithm to enhance the classification rate on the facial expression field. The proposed method is divided into five primary processes, which are, the first, create the center kernel subspace-based the ridge regression. Secondly, create five scales and eight orientations by using Gabor Filter Bank. The third is to obtain the new signal by using Two-dimensional-Fast Fourier Transform. Fourth, the results are used to build the feature space. It is conducted by the ridge regression of center kernel function. The last process, the primary features can be generated by multiplication between the center kernel and the Eigenvalue. The expression classification can be obtained by using the Mahalanobis method. The proposed method has been evaluated on JAFEE facial expression image database. Experimental shows that the classification rates for the first until the last scenarios are 83.33, 84.03, 86.61, 87.23, 87.24 and 89.79% respectively.
Through-Wall Excitation of a Magnet Coil by an External-Rotor HTS Flux Pump

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet systems conventionally require normal-conducting current leads, which connect between the HTS circuit and an external power supply located at room temperature. These current leads form a thermal bridge across the cryostat wall, and they represent the dominant heat load for many magnet applications. The use of a superconducting flux pump device is an alternative approach to exciting a magnet coil, which can eradicate this parasitic heat load, as such devices do not require direct physical connection to the HTS circuit. However, earlier proposed flux pump designs have required power-dissipating active components to be located within the cryogenic envelope, thus imposing their own parasitic heat load. Here, we report the successful demonstration of a mechanically rotating HTS flux pump, which operates entirely outside of the cryogenic envelope. This prototype device projects flux across a cryostat wall, leading to the injection of a direct current into a thermally isolated closed HTS circuit. This is achieved through the implementation of a flux-concentrating magnetic circuit employing ferromagnetic yoke pieces, which enables flux penetration of the HTS circuit at large flux gaps. We have demonstrated the injection of direct currents of > 30 A into a closed HTS circuit while operating this device across a cryostat wall.
Defective vaccine-induced resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in P strain mice. III. Specificity of the associated defect in cell-mediated immunity.

In contrast to many other strains, inbred P strain mice fail to develop significant levels of resistance to challenge Schistosoma mansoni infection as a result of prior vaccination with radiation-attenuated cercariae. In this study, the relationship between defects in resistance and development of cell-mediated immune reactivity was examined. Although splenocytes from immunized P mice demonstrated deficiencies in production of macrophage-activating lymphokine(s) in response to either antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, other aspects of T lymphocyte responsiveness including blastogenesis, production of interleukin 2, interleukin 3 and macrophage chemotactic factor, as well as helper cell function for secondary plaque-forming cell response to a T-dependent antigen and allospecific cytolytic T cell reactivity, appeared to be comparable with those of C57BL/6 mice, a strain that is protected by vaccination against S. mansoni. FACS comparison revealed no significant deficits in percentages of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, or L3T4+ splenocytes in vaccinated P mice. The P-associated defect in production of macrophage-activating factor appeared to be at the level of the T cell rather than the antigen-presenting cell, because macrophages from P mice could reconstitute the lymphokine-producing capacity of T-enriched splenocytes from immunized, resistant (C57BL/6 X P) F1 or B10.P mice, whereas the converse was not true. These results indicate that vaccinated P mice have a selective defect in T cell function for production of macrophage-activating lymphokine, which is manifested as a failure to produce activated larvicidal macrophages at the site of specific antigen challenge in vivo and may be associated with the failure of this strain to become resistant to S. mansoni.
Minor ailments in out-of-hours primary care: An observational study

Abstract Background. Many consultations are partly or totally spent on minor ailments. A minor ailment is defined as a health complaint which, by simple actions, patients could handle themselves. Objective. To investigate the prevalence, type of conditions, and time spent on minor ailments in consultations in out-of-hours care in Norway. Design and setting. An observational study of consultations at six out-of-hours primary care centres was carried out during evenings and weekends in November and December 2008. Main outcome measures were number and type of minor ailments, as well as consultation time. The minor ailments were predefined by a list of conditions. Conditions which, by certain pre-set criteria, still needed a doctor's professional advice were reclassified as “no minor ailment”. Results. A total of 210 consultations were observed. The patients’ mean age was 28 years (range 0–94). Cough, fever, sore throat, upper respiratory tract infection, and earache contributed 76% of the 211 minor ailments registered. After reclassification, 58 (28%) of the 210 consultations registered were classified as partly or totally a minor ailment. These minor ailments represented 18% of the doctors’ total consultation time in the 210 observed consultations. Conclusion. More than a quarter of the observed consultations were partly or totally spent on addressing minor ailments. This shows a potential for empowering patients to rely on self-care also for minor ailments in out-of-hours primary care.
Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infections Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a very successful and effective operation for the restoration of the hip function. The number of operations is steadily climbing and is going to reach new heights in the future. The most feared and devastating complication is the periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and has in most cases to be treated with a total revision of the prostheses. The risk factors for a PJI are playing a very important role in the preoperative assessment of the patient and for the type of antibiotic treatment. There are many risk factors described in the literature, which are associated with the development of a PJI. Our goal was to analyze and find the relevant risk factors, which matter most in joint replacement surgery. We searched the database "PubMed" and "Embase" with the keywords: " ((hip AND infection) AND (arthroplasty OR replacement))". With the help of check lists and limits we extracted the most viable studies for our research. Risk factors associated with a deep periprosthetic joint infection included the BMI (Body mass index), male gender, prolonged duration of surgery, diabetes mellitus type 2, the ASA (American society of anesthesiologists) score, the Charlson score and the NNIS (National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System) risk index score. Female gender, age and the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis were not associated with a higher risk of periprosthetic joint infections. Patients with risk factors should be assessed and informed preoperatively and should receive an appropriate prophylactic antibiotic treatment, to reduce the risk of a PJI. With the reduction of their weight and adjustment of the diabetes, patients can reduce the risk for PJI by their own. Total hip replacement is still a very safe and effective operation and therefore should not be withheld from patients.
Demonstration of two separate descending noradrenergic pathways to the rat spinal cord: Evidence for an intragriseal trajectory of locus coeruleus axons in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn

The rat spinal cord receives noradrenergic (NA) projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) and the A5 and A7 groups. In contradiction to previous statements about the distribution of descending NA axons, we have recently proposed that in the rat LC neurons project primarily to the dorsal horn and intermediate zone, whereas A5 and A7 neurons project to somatic motoneurons and the intermediolateral cell column. The aim of the present study was to determine the funicular course and terminal distribution of descending NA axons from the LC and from the A5 and A7 groups. The organization of the coeruleospinal projection was analyzed by using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in combination with dopaminehyphen;β‐hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. The trajectory of A5 and A7 axons was studied in spinal cord sections of rats following ablation of the coeruleospinal projection with the neurotoxin DSP‐4. To assess the relative contribution of the LC and the A5 and A7 groups to the NA innervation of the spinal cord, unilateral injections of the retrograde tracer True Blue were made at cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels, and retrogradely labeled NA neurons were identified by dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase immunofluorescence.
Clockwise and counterclockwise rotating shifts: effects on temperature and neuroendocrine measures.

INTRODUCTION Most researchers suggest that shift rotation in a clockwise (CW) direction produces less disruption of circadian rhythms than rotations in a counterclockwise (CCW) direction. This is based on extrapolation from quasi-experimental studies of shift workers and research on the effects of jet lag that indicate that westward travel results in less disruption of circadian rhythms. METHODS The effect of direction of rotation on cortisol, melatonin, and rectal temperature was examined in participants randomly assigned to either a CW (n = 14) or CCW (n = 14) shift rotation. RESULTS Results revealed lower amplitude [F(1,21) = 14.6, p < 0.05] and a delay of the acrophase [F(1,21) = 4.4, p < 0.05] in temperature for the CCW group. Sample time effects for cortisol and melatonin revealed normal circadian variation for both rotations, although melatonin levels on the midnight shift were clearly suppressed relative to baseline melatonin levels. DISCUSSION The changes observed in the temperature rhythm for the CCW rotation may be related to adaptation or shift-work hardiness; however, it is unclear if these differences indicate beneficial or detrimental changes for the individual. The fact that there were no significant effects of rotation condition for cortisol or melatonin argues against a detrimental effect. These findings are bolstered by performance and sleep data, reported elsewhere from this study, indicating a lack of significant differences as a function of rotation condition.
Effects of chemical structure changes on curing reactions and thermal properties of cyanate ester-cured rigid-rod epoxy resins

How chemical structure changes affect the curing reactions and thermal properties of 2,2′-bis(4-cyanatophenyl) propane (cyanate ester) cured rigid-rod epoxy resins has been studied for biphenol and tetramethyl biphenol epoxies. The formation of an oxazolidinone ring is the dominant curing reaction for biphenol epoxy, whereas the formation of a cyanurate ring is the dominant curing reaction for tetramethyl biphenol epoxy, due to the bulky methyl substitutions on the biphenol chain. The crosslinkable cyanurate structure has a higher thermal stability than that of the linear oxazolidinone structure, giving the cyanate ester cured tetramethyl biphenol epoxy resin (molar equivalent) a higher glass transition temperature (260 vs. 218°C) and thermal decomposition temperature (366 vs. 312°C) than that of cyanate ester cured biphenol epoxy resin. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2419–2422, 2002
Internal Carotid Artery Sacrifice for Radical Resection of Skull Base Tumors

When dealing with skull base tumors that encase the internal carotid artery (ICA), the surgeon must decide between ICA preservation and incomplete tumor resection, or radical resection with ICA sacrifice. In our experience with more than 300 anterior skull base tumors, the ICA was sacrificed in only 10 patients. These tumors were malignant, except for one meningioma that occluded the ICA and produced translent ischemic symptoms. All patients had the ICA resected with the tumor, and all patients underwent revascularization (cervical ICA-MCA saphenous bypass, n = 4; cervical-to-supraclinoid bypass, n = 1; petrous-to-supraclinoid bypass, n = 3; bonnet bypass, n = 2). This small patient series reflects our practice of preserving the ICA whenever possible. We recommend preserving the ICA with benign tumors because they do not invade the artery, or do so only to a limited extent. In addition, similar rates of tumor recurrence are seen after aggressive resection with or without ICA sacrifice. In contrast, we recommend radical tumor resection and sacrifice of the ICA with malignant tumors because they directly threaten the integrity of the ICA and the patient's survival. The ICA should not be considered a limitation to radical tumor resection because the ICA can be reconstructed safely with an appropriate bypass procedure.