Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α in tumours of patients with glioblastoma

Angiogenesis is a prominent feature of glioblastomas but the mechanisms involved in the control of this process are poorly understood. We have investigated the potential role of a recently described transcription factor, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1), which initiates the transcription of a number of hypoxia‐inducible genes, including those encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors. HIF‐1 protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody to the α subunit (HIF‐1α). HIF‐1 mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and the ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). Strong nuclear expression of HIF‐1α protein was seen in the majority of glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, particularly surrounding areas of necrosis in glioblastomas. In the majority of these tumours upregulation of HIF‐1α mRNA was also demonstrated, with a significant increase in glioblastomas compared to lower grade tumours. No correlation was found between the presence of HIF‐1α protein and immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein. These findings are in keeping with an important role of HIF‐1α in the vascularization of glioblastomas and suggest that upregulation is at least partly at a transcriptional level.
Clinical pharmacology of carbenicillin compared with other penicillins.

The high blood levels readily attainable with carbenicillin, especially when it is administered intravenously, are one of the main factors responsible for its efficacy in treatment of infections caused by organisms such as Pseudomonas that are relatively resistant in vitro. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the high levels of the drug in the blood, to make comparisons with other penicillins, and to consider dosage regimens that are appropriate for various therapeutic purposes.
In Vivo Regulation of Bcl6 and T Follicular Helper Cell Development

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells, defined by expression of the surface markers CXCR5 and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and synthesis of IL-21, require upregulation of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 for their development and function in B cell maturation in germinal centers. We have explored the role of B cells and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-21 in the in vivo regulation of Bcl6 expression and TFH cell development. We found that TFH cells are characterized by a Bcl6-dependent downregulation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL1, a CCL19- and CCL21-binding protein), indicating that, like CXCR5 and PD-1 upregulation, modulation of PSGL1 expression is part of the TFH cell program of differentiation. B cells were neither required for initial upregulation of Bcl6 nor PSGL1 downregulation, suggesting these events preceded T–B cell interactions, although they were required for full development of the TFH cell phenotype, including CXCR5 and PD-1 upregulation, and IL-21 synthesis. Bcl6 upregulation and TFH cell differentiation were independent of IL-6 and IL-21, revealing that either cytokine is not absolutely required for development of Bcl6+ TFH cells in vivo. These data increase our understanding of Bcl6 regulation in TFH cells and their differentiation in vivo and identifies a new surface marker that may be functionally relevant in this subset.
Neutralization of IL-10 increases survival in a murine model of Klebsiella pneumonia.

Effective host defense against bacterial infection is dependent upon the vigorous recruitment and activation of neutrophils and macrophages. We hypothesized that IL-10 is produced in the setting of bacterial pneumonia, and this cytokine may attenuate host defense by inhibiting the expression of important activating and chemotactic cytokines. CD-1 mice were challenged with either 30 microliters of saline or saline containing 10(3) CFUs of Klebsiella pneumoniae intratracheally (i.t.) and lungs were harvested at 8, 24, and 48 h. The i.t. inoculation with K. pneumoniae resulted in a 13-, 14-, and 8-fold increase in lung homogenate TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) levels, respectively, as compared with control animals. In addition, we observed an increase in IL-10 mRNA and protein levels in lung homogenates, maximal at 48 h postinoculation. To establish the biologic relevance of IL-10 in Klebsiella pneumonia, we passively immunized CD-1 mice with 0.5 ml of rabbit anti-murine IL-10 serum or preimmune serum i.p. 2 h before i.t. administration of K. pneumoniae. Treatment of animals with anti-IL-10 serum resulted in increased levels of TNF, MIP-2, and MIP-1 alpha, respectively, within lung homogenates at 24 and 48 h, as compared with preimmune-treated animals. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-10 resulted in a significant decrease in K. pneumoniae CFU in both lung homogenates and plasma harvested at 48 h, as well as a significant increase in survival in these animals. Our studies indicate that 1) IL-10 is produced during Klebsiella pneumonia; and 2) inhibition of IL-10 bioactivity in vivo results in enhanced bacterial clearance, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and prolonged survival.
54Mn Absorption and Excretion in Rats Fed Soy Protein and Casein Diets

Abstract Rats were fed diets containing either soy protein or casein and different levels of manganese, methionine, phytic acid, or arginine for 7 days and then fed test meals labeled with 2 μCi of 54Mn after an overnight fast. Retention of 54Mn in each rat was measured every other day for 21 days using a whole-body counter. Liver manganese was higher (P < 0.0001) in soy protein-fed rats (8.8 μg/g) than in casein-fed rats (5.2 μg/g); manganese superoxide dismutase activity also was higher in soy protein-fed rats than in casein-fed rats (P < 0.01). There was a significant interaction between manganese and protein which affected manganese absorption and biologic half-life of 54Mn. In a second experiment, rats fed soy protein-test meals retained more 54Mn (P < 0.001) than casein-fed rats. Liver manganese (8.3 μ/g) in the soy protein group was also higher than that (5.7 μg/g) in the casein group (P < 0.0001), but manganese superoxide dismutase activity was unaffected by protein. Supplementation with methionine increased 54Mn retention from both soy and casein diets (P < 0.06); activity of manganese superoxide dismutase increased (P < 0.05) but liver manganese did not change. The addition of arginine to casein diets had little effect on manganese bioavailability. Phytic acid affected neither manganese absorption nor biologic half-life in two experiments, but it depressed liver manganese in one experiment. These results suggest that neither arginine nor phytic acid was the component in soy protein which made manganese more available from soy protein diets than casein diets.
A Neural-network Approach to Predicting Admission Decisions in a Psychiatric Emergency Room

Clinical decision making is based on recognizing complex patterns of patients' signs and symptoms. Neural networks have been shown to be very effective at this type of pattern recognition, and in this study a neural-network approach was used to predict which patients seen in a psychiatric emergency room required admission and which did not. Data from all walk-in patients (N = 658) evaluated during normal working hours in a psychiatric emergency room during a one-year period were used either to train a neural network or to test its performance. The network had 53 input nodes, one hidden layer, and an output layer with a single node. The back-propagation method was used to train the network. The neural network's admitting decisions were in substantial agreement with those of the clinicians (kappa coefficient = 0.63). When used as a diagnostic test for admission it had a specificity of 94%, a sensitivity of 70%, and an overall accuracy of 91%. The information gain was 35% of that of a perfect diagnostic test. These results show that a neural network can be trained to make clinical decisions that are in substantial agreement with those of experienced cli nicians. Key words: neural networks; admission decisions; pattern recognition; psychiatric emergency room. (Med Decis Making 1993;13:273-280)
Love, Hate, Ambivalence, or Indifference? A Conceptual Examination of Workplace Crimes and Organizational Identification

Although research has shown that there may be very different types of workplace crimes, scholarly work in this area a is currently fragmented with very little communication between very similar streams of research and b tends to be incomplete and can lead to conflicting findings. We address both of these shortcomings. First, we propose a typology of different types of workplace crimes consisting of pro-organizational, nonaligned-organizational, and anti-organizational crimes based on the intentions of the perpetrators. Second, we link these intentions to various identification “pathologies”—such as over-identification and over-disidentification, under-identification and ambivalent identification—and argue that these pathologies are linked to propensities to commit certain types of workplace crimes. Specifically, we contend that over-identification and over-disidentification have direct effects on workplace crimes, whereas under-identification and ambivalent identification indirectly influence the propensity to engage in workplace crimes. We suggest that this research aids us in clarifying the inconsistent conclusions in previous work in the domain of workplace crimes and that it emphasizes the importance of including organizational identification as a key factor in the extant models of workplace crimes. This research also highlights policy implications regarding workplace crimes in that it suggests that different agencies may be more effective in enforcing the law and disciplining those engaged in the different types of workplace crimes.
VISUALIZING FITNESS LANDSCAPES

Fitness landscapes are a classical concept for thinking about the relationship between genotype and fitness. However, because the space of genotypes is typically high‐dimensional, the structure of fitness landscapes can be difficult to understand and the heuristic approach of thinking about fitness landscapes as low‐dimensional, continuous surfaces may be misleading. Here, I present a rigorous method for creating low‐dimensional representations of fitness landscapes. The basic idea is to plot the genotypes in a manner that reflects the ease or difficulty of evolving from one genotype to another. Such a layout can be constructed using the eigenvectors of the transition matrix describing the evolution of a population on the fitness landscape when mutation is weak. In addition, the eigendecomposition of this transition matrix provides a new, high‐level view of evolution on a fitness landscape. I demonstrate these techniques by visualizing the fitness landscape for selection for the amino acid serine and by visualizing a neutral network derived from the RNA secondary structure genotype–phenotype map.
Interference-aware receiver design for MU-MIMO in LTE: Real-time performance measurements

Multiuser (MU) MIMO is a promising technique to significantly increase the cell capacity in LTE systems. However, users scheduled for MU-MIMO may still experience strong MU interference if the channel state information at the base station is outdated or in small cells with a limited number of users available. To tackle the MU interference, an interference-aware (IA) receiver design is employed. Unlike the interference-unaware (IU) receiver, the IA receiver exploits the information about the interfering data stream in the decoding process, resulting in a significant performance gain while maintaining a moderate complexity. We evaluate the performance of both receivers in terms of throughput through real-time measurements carried out with the OpenAirInterface, an open-source hardware/software development platform created by EURECOM. The measurement results show that the IA receiver achieves significantly higher data rates compared to the IU receiver if the user has multiple receive antennas.
Long‐term effects of lanreotide SR and octreotide LAR® on tumour shrinkage and GH hypersecretion in patients with previously untreated acromegaly

background and objective The therapeutic efficacy of lanreotide SR and octreotide LAR® has been studied widely in patients treated previously with neurosurgery and/or radiotherapy. These therapies limit the evaluation of the long‐term effects of somatostatin analogues on tumour shrinkage. Neurosurgical and radiotherapy treatments cause irreversible anatomical changes in pituitary morphology, which can make accurate evaluation of tumour shrinkage difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of lanreotide SR and octreotide LAR® in previously untreated patients with acromegaly. We aimed to investigate the long‐term effects of these drugs on tumour shrinkage and growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion without the confounding influences of previous therapy.
A Metalloproteinase Karilysin Present in the Majority of Tannerella forsythia Isolates Inhibits All Pathways of the Complement System

Tannerella forsythia is a poorly studied pathogen despite being one of the main causes of periodontitis, which is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth. We found that despite being recognized by all complement pathways, T. forsythia is resistant to killing by human complement, which is present at up to 70% of serum concentration in gingival crevicular fluid. Incubation of human serum with karilysin, a metalloproteinase of T. forsythia, resulted in a decrease in bactericidal activity of the serum. T. forsythia strains expressing karilysin at higher levels were more resistant than low-expressing strains. Furthermore, the low-expressing strain was significantly more opsonized with activated complement factor 3 and membrane attack complex from serum compared with the other strains. The high-expressing strain was more resistant to killing in human blood. The protective effect of karilysin against serum bactericidal activity was attributable to its ability to inhibit complement at several stages. The classical and lectin complement pathways were inhibited because of the efficient degradation of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and C4 by karilysin, whereas inhibition of the terminal pathway was caused by degradation of C5. Interestingly, karilysin was able to release biologically active C5a peptide in human plasma and induce migration of neutrophils. Importantly, we detected the karilysin gene in >90% of gingival crevicular fluid samples containing T. forsythia obtained from patients with periodontitis. Taken together, the newly characterized karilysin appears to be an important virulence factor of T. forsythia and might have several important implications for immune evasion.
Development of a Novel Artificial Urinary Sphincter: A Versatile Automated Device

Management of male severe stress urinary incontinence is currently achieved by the treatment of choice: an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). This implantable system is designed to exert a constant circumferential force around the urethra. Although continence is totally or partially recovered in most of the patients, this method has some significant drawbacks. Besides the difficulty and discomfort of using the device, the revision rate caused by constant urethral compression, leading to urethral injuries, remains high. We present in this study a new AUS concept, with an ergonomic control, providing a lower exerted pressure on the urethral tissues and improving the continence efficiency. In fact, the implant includes a system which automatically detects circumstances involving high-intravesical pressure and adapts the occlusive pressure accordingly. The device was evaluated using isolated goat urethra, and then, in vivo. Recorded data of 16 human subjects performing different daily exercises were used to assess the detection algorithms. It is shown that occlusive pressure can be controlled by the implant with an accuracy of 1 cm H2O (98 Pa). Acceptable detection performance of seven of the eight targeted activities was observed.
Proportional-Resonant Current Controllers Design Based on Desired Transient Performance

Stationary reference frame proportional-resonant (PR) controllers have recently became a viable alternative to rotation reference frame proportional-integrative compensators in ac applications because of their ability of achieving zero steady-state error without the need for computational-intensive reference frame transformations. While extensive efforts have been put into performance comparison of the two control schemes, design of PR controllers according to desired closed-loop time-domain transient performance was barely investigated. This letter proposes a method for deriving PR controller structure and coefficients according to desired transient behavior of ac signal amplitude, applied to typical power converter current loop. The method is based on the fact that if ac signal envelope is perceived as dc signal, its transient behavior may be easily shaped utilizing well-known approaches employed in dc systems loop shaping while keeping zero phase tracking error at all times. On the other hand, while desired transient performance is easily achieved, the relation between crossover frequency and transient processes time constant is not as straightforward as in dc systems. The validity of the presented theoretical analysis is evaluated by simulations.
Effects of fasting and insulin on carbohydrate metabolism of the domestic fowl.

Prolonged fasting caused a rise in blood glucose which reached a maximum above the prefast level on the 6th day. Concurrently the liver glycogen, rapidly depleted at the start of the fast, was partially replaced. Blood NPN increased continuously. Thus, gluconeogenesis appeared likely not only to be responsible for the blood glucose increase but also to play a role in the restoration of liver glycogen after initial glycogenolysis due to fasting. Fasting for 48 hours increased cardiac glycogen up to three times the prefasting level; a rapid decrease in this moiety occurred with further abstinence. Glucagon and growth hormone increased the cardiac glycogen of nonfasted birds; but had little, if any, influence on the effects of fasting. The daily injection of 60–70 u of either regular or HGF-free insulin per kilogram body weight resulted in an hyperglycemic rebound 24 hours after each injection. This rebound could be blocked completely by feeding Dibenzyline.
Angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and high urinary albumin concentration in French Type 2 diabetes patients

Aims Family‐based studies suggest a genetic basis for nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes. The angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a candidate gene for Type 1 diabetes nephropathy. We assessed the association between high urinary albumin concentration and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, in French Type 2 diabetes patients.
Career needs, career development programmes, organizational commitment and turnover intention of nurses in Taiwan.

AIM This study divided nursing careers into four stages: exploration, establishment, maintenance and disengagement. Besides exploring whether nurses have different career needs at different career stages, this study also examines the gap between career needs and career development programmes, and its relationship with organizational commitment and turnover intention of nurses in Taiwan. BACKGROUND Although previous studies have recognized that nurses' careers have different stages, a few studies have identified nurses' career needs or offered programmes to respond to nurses' needs. METHOD Through a literature review and in-depth interviews, this study developed a scale to measure career needs of nurses at different stages and identify the appropriate career development programmes. Additionally, regression analyses were implemented to explore the relationships objectively. RESULTS Nurses were found to have different career needs at different career stages, and the gap between career needs and career development programmes influenced turnover intention caused by the decline in nurses' commitment towards the hospital. CONCLUSIONS If hospitals' administrators can provide career development programmes to satisfy career needs of nurses at different career stages, then nurses' commitment to the hospital may increase and nurses' turnover intention may decrease, which may lead to reciprocity between the hospital and the nurses.
Non‐genomic transgenerational inheritance of disease risk

That there is a heritable or familial component of susceptibility to chronic non‐communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease is well established, but there is increasing evidence that some elements of such heritability are transmitted non‐genomically and that the processes whereby environmental influences act during early development to shape disease risk in later life can have effects beyond a single generation. Such heritability may operate through epigenetic mechanisms involving regulation of either imprinted or non‐imprinted genes but also through broader mechanisms related to parental physiology or behaviour. We review evidence and potential mechanisms for non‐genomic transgenerational inheritance of ‘lifestyle’ disease and propose that the ‘developmental origins of disease’ phenomenon is a maladaptive consequence of an ancestral mechanism of developmental plasticity that may have had adaptive value in the evolution of generalist species such as Homo sapiens. BioEssays 29: 145–154, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The reproductive biology of two epibenthic species of Antarctic nototheniid fish of the genus Trematomus

Abstract Trematomus eulepidotus and T. loennbergii are two of the most common epibenthic fish in the waters of the High Antarctic continental shelf. Since the reproductive biology of these species has not been studied in the Ross Sea, we provide a macroscopic and histological analysis of the reproductive effort and gonadal development in both sexes. Most samples were collected during benthic trawl surveys in the south-western Ross Sea in the 1996 and 1997 summer seasons. The aim of the study was to define the reproductive characteristics of these two sympatric species and to examine the hypothesis that different reproductive strategies mitigate interspecific competition. We found that, in common with most Antarctic notothenioids, both species possess a suite of similar reproductive strategies including delayed sexual maturity, prolonged gametogenesis, group-synchronous oocyte maturation, a single spawning event per year and iteroparity. Both species show a comparable reproductive effort in terms of potential fecundity with between 2000 and 20 000 eggs per female per season. Nevertheless, the two species exhibited a considerable difference in the timing of the breeding season, spawning in summer (T. eulepidotus) and in autumn (T. loennbergii). This gives rise to a mismatch in the time of appearance of larvae in the environment and probably leads to reduced competition.