Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutionalism : Old and New

As a discipline, political science has always been able to legitimately claim that the study of two things, power and institutions, have been at the core of its concerns and contribution. Institutions are important, because, as entities, they form such a large part of the political landscape, and because modern governance largely occurs in and through institutions. Institutions also matter because they (or at least actors within them) typically wield power and mobilise institutional resources in political struggles and governance relationships. Institutions are also said to matter because they are seen as shaping and constraining political behaviour and decision making and even the perceptions and powers of political actors in a wide range of ways. Hence, in institutional terms, students of politics have analysed party systems, the rules of electoral competition, government bureaucracies, parliaments, constitutions, the judicial system, as well as large institutional complexes made up of the government and the gamut of public institutions we call the ‘state’ (Bell and Head 1984 ch 1; Fenna 1998: ch 2). There have also been extensive studies of supra-national institutional complexes such as the United Nations, the European Union and other international institutional regimes that help regulate economic relations, the environment or international trade (eg the World Trade Organisation). There have also been studies of ‘non-state’ institutions such as business corporations and trade unions.
Multiple Representations : Integrated perspectives on the role of learning and appropriating representations in constructing

The domain of science is shaped by the development and use of representations of the concepts that explain the world in which we live. In other words, the language of science is that of representation. When children begin to make sense of science ideas, they do so through interactions with multiple forms of representation. Be it speech, written language, graphical notations, or gesture, the centrality of representation in science is undeniable. However, the conventional systems of representation that expert scientists use are systems that children must come to understand while making sense of the natural world. Thus, scientific understanding develops concurrently with knowledge of representation. This work explores how students learn and appropriate representations in the development of understanding. It is driven by four central questions that address: (1) the reasons for why representation is central to the development of thought; (2) a definition of representation in a manner such that it becomes a useful construct for studying science learning; (3) the evolution of conventional systems of representation and how these attempts to put the world on paper have impacted domains of knowledge; and (4) the literature on representation in science specifically from the standpoint of children spontaneously externalizing knowledge across multiple systems. The integration of theoretical constructs with empirical evidence supports the argument that students must be given opportunities to express themselves in different ways in order to understand science. Researchers must attend to the relationships between specific systems of representation and conceptual aspects when children engage in scientific discovery. This work calls for future research into how spontaneous and idiosyncratic representations of knowledge help students refine explanations and construct scientific understanding.
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE VELA PULSAR

The Vela pulsar is the brightest persistent source in the GeV sky and thus is the traditional first target for new gamma-ray observatories. We report here on initial Fermi Large Area Telescope observations during verification phase pointed exposure and early sky survey scanning. We have used the Vela signal to verify Fermi timing and angular resolution. The high quality pulse profile, with some 32,400 pulsed photons at E>0.03 GeV, shows new features, including pulse structure as fine as 0.3ms and a distinct third peak, which shifts in phase with energy. We examine the high energy behavior of the pulsed emission; initial spectra suggest a phase-averaged power law index of Gamma=1.51{+0.05/-0.04} with an exponential cut-off at E_c=2.9+/-0.1 GeV. Spectral fits with generalized cut-offs of the form e^{-(E/E_c)^b} require b<1, which is inconsistent with magnetic pair attenuation, and thus favor outer magnetosphere emission models. Finally, we report on upper limits to any unpulsed component, as might be associated with a surrounding synchrotron wind nebula (PWN).
THE RISE AND FALL OF PASSIVE DISK GALAXIES: MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION ALONG THE RED SEQUENCE REVEALED BY COSMOS

The increasing abundance of passive “red-sequence” galaxies since z ∼ 1–2 is mirrored by a coincident rise in the number of galaxies with spheroidal morphologies. In this paper, however, we show in detail, that, the correspondence between galaxy morphology and color is not perfect, providing insight into the physical origin of this evolution. Using the COSMOS survey, we study a significant population of red-sequence galaxies with disk-like morphologies. These passive disks typically have Sa–Sb morphological types with large bulges, but they are not confined to dense environments. They represent nearly one-half of all red-sequence galaxies and dominate at lower masses (≲1010M☉) where they are increasingly disk-dominated. As a function of time, the abundance of passive disks with M* ≲ 1011M☉ increases, but not as fast as red-sequence spheroidals in the same mass range. At higher mass, the passive disk population has declined since z ∼ 1, likely because they transform into spheroidals. Based on these trends, we estimate that as much as 60% of galaxies transitioning onto the red sequence evolve through a passive disk phase. The origin of passive disks therefore has broad implications for our understanding of how star formation shuts down. Because passive disks tend to be more bulge-dominated than their star-forming counterparts, a simple fading of blue disks does not fully explain their origin. We explore the strengths and weaknesses of several more sophisticated explanations, including environmental effects, internal stabilization, and disk regrowth during gas-rich mergers. While previous work has sought to explain color and morphological transformations with a single process, these observations open the way to new insight by highlighting the fact that galaxy evolution may actually proceed through several separate stages.
SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE DETECTIONS OF THE PREVIOUSLY UNCONFIRMED PLANCK EARLY SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH CLUSTERS IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

We present South Pole Telescope (SPT) observations of the five galaxy cluster candidates in the southern hemisphere which were reported as unconfirmed in the Planck Early Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (ESZ) sample. One cluster candidate, PLCKESZ G255.62-46.16, is located in the 2500 deg2 SPT SZ survey region and was reported previously as SPT-CL J0411-4819. For the remaining four candidates, which are located outside of the SPT SZ survey region, we performed short, dedicated SPT observations. Each of these four candidates was strongly detected in maps made from these observations, with signal-to-noise ratios ranging from 6.3 to 13.8. We have observed these four candidates on the Magellan-Baade telescope and used these data to estimate cluster redshifts from the red sequence. Resulting redshifts range from 0.24 to 0.46. We report measurements of Y0. ′75, the integrated Comptonization within a 0. ′75 radius, for all five candidates. We also report X-ray luminosities calculated from ROSAT All-Sky Survey catalog counts, as well as optical and improved SZ coordinates for each candidate. The combination of SPT SZ measurements, optical red-sequence measurements, and X-ray luminosity estimates demonstrates that these five Planck ESZ cluster candidates do indeed correspond to real galaxy clusters with redshifts and observable properties consistent with the rest of the ESZ sample.
Severe HDLc reduction during rosiglitazone therapy in an obese woman with type 2 diabetes

Treatment with rosiglitazone has been associated with severe paradoxical HDL-c reductions. To our knowledge, there are very few reports of this reaction occurring when patients are treated without the combination of a fibrate. A case of severe HDL-c lowering in a patient treated with rosiglitazone without a fibrate is presented. The patient has been treated at a private practice clinic in southern Brazil. A 64-year-old woman with a 2-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was referred to her endocrinologist in June 2008. Rosiglitazone 4 mg q.d. was prescribed. Nine months later, the patient experienced a 90.90% decrease of her HDL-c levels. Rosiglitazone was withdrawn and the HDL-c returned to baseline. This paradoxical HDL-c reduction is a potentially severe adverse event. Patients prescribed rosiglitazone should have their HDL-c levels measured before and during therapy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010;54(7):663-7
The Life Cycles of Genres

The concept of genre is as old as literary theory itself, but centuries of debate haven't produced much consensus on the topic. Part of the reason is that genre looks like a different thing at different points in the life of a text. Scholars of rhetoric tend to focus on the patterns of communicative action that produce memoranda or tragedies. Sociologists are sometimes more interested in institutions that organize reception. Literary scholars, for their part, have traditionally been preoccupied with the patterning of the texts themselves. Of course, all of these aspects of genre are connected. But it's not easy to describe the connections.
Collaboration between Industry and Science: Motivation Factors, Collaboration Intensity and Collaboration Outcome

Collaboration between industry and science is considered one of the most important aspects of the innovation system. Innovation capability being crucially linked with the level of communication between scientific institutions and industry, it is important to understand why and how intensively companies collaborate with scientists, and how they rate such collaboration. The present paper explores how motives for collaboration and company approach to innovation and technology influence collaboration with scientists. The paper also examines differences among small, medium sized and large companies. Since collaboration between science and industry is expected to have a positive impact on a company’s innovation capabilities, we explored how selected innovation indicators are affected by collaboration.
Ewing sarcoma in adolescents and young adults: diagnosis and treatment

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare tumor that most often occurs in adolescents and young adults. This review discusses the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of localized and metastatic ES, with an emphasis on the care of adolescent and young adult patients. The pathobiology is reviewed. Particular attention is given to recent and current clinical trials, and an introduction to future directions for therapy of ES is provided.
Rhodovulum mangrovi sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a sediment sample of Coringa mangrove forest, India

A novel Gram-staining negative purple non-sulfur bacterium, AK41, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, Andhra Pradesh, India. A red-brownish coloured culture was obtained on modified Pfennig medium after enrichment with 2% NaCl and 0.3% pyruvate under 2000 lux of illumination. Individual cell is ovoid-rod shaped and non motile. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Strain AK41 was halophilic and grew photoheterotrophically with a number of organic compounds as carbon source and electron donor. It was unable to grow photoautotrophically. It did not utilize sulfide and thiosulfate as electron donors. The fatty acids were found to be dominated by C16:0 and C18:1 ω7c. Strain AK41 contains phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, amino lipid and four unknown lipids as polar lipids. Q-10 is the predominant respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content of the strain AK41 was found to be 68.9 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AK41 was a member of the genus Rhodovulum and closely related to Rhodovulum sulfidophilum with 96.0% similarity and with other species of the genus Rhodovulum similarity is between 95.8 to 93.9%. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the strain AK41 clustered with Rhodovulum marinum, Rhodovulum kholense, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, and Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense with phylogenetic similarity of 95.9 to 96.2%. Based on data from the current polyphasic study, strain AK41 is proposed as a novel species of the genus Rhodovulum, for which the name Rhodovulum mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Rhodovulum mangrovi is AK41 (= MTCC 11825 = JCM 19220).
The Number of Lymph Nodes and Relationship with Presence of Thyroiditis and Thymic Tissue in the Central Neck Dissection Materials for Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: Pathologic Analysis

Background: Central lymph node dissection (CLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) allows correct pathologic staging of lymph nodes and planning of postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of the lymph nodes in the CLND and the relationship to presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and thymic tissue (TT). Methods: Total thyroidectomy and CLND materials from 153 patients with PTC were included in this study. Two histopathologic features (presence of CLT and TT) were evaluated for their value in adequacy of CLND. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed CLT and TT in CLND materials in 70 (46%) and 63 (41%) patients, respectively. Total number of lymph nodes in CLND materials was significantly higher in CLT (+) and TT (+) groups (p Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that presence of CLT in thyroid gland has been associated with higher number of central lymph nodes mainly due to increased number of benign hyperplastic lymph nodes. It may be possible to conclude that upper limit of lymph nodes for satisfactory CLND would be higher to correctly evaluate central lymph node status in existing staging systems if specimens have CLT. Results of this study also show that the presence of TT in surgical materials may represent the adequacy of CLND.
Overexpression of Protein Kinase CS and-6 in NIH 3 T 3 Cells Induces Opposite Effects on Growth , Morphology , Anchorage Dependence , and Tumorigenicity *

We have determined the patterns of mRNA and protein expression of 7 protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in NIH 3T3 cells. Only PKC-a is expressed abundantly in NIH 3T3 cells; endogenous levels of the other 6 PKC isozymes are low or undetectable. We have overexpressed PKC-6 and -t in these cells to observe activation/translocation of these two isozymes and the biological consequences of overexpression. Both PKC-6 and -6, but not PKC-a, are partially associated with the insoluble fraction even in the absence of phorbol 12myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Upon PMA stimulation, both PKC-6 and -C translocate to the insoluble fraction of cell homogenates, as can be observed with the endogenous PKC-a. Overexpression of PKC-6 induces significant changes in morphology and causes the cells to grow more slowly and to a decreased cell density in confluent cultures. These changes are accentuated by treatment with PMA. Overexpression of PKC-a does not lead to morphological changes, but causes increased growth rates and higher cell densities in monolayers. None of the PKC-6 overexpressers grow in soft agar with or without PMA, but all the cell lines that overexpress PKC-t grow in soft agar in the absence of PMA, but not in its presence. NIH 3T3 cells that overexpress PKC-c also form tumors in nude mice with 100% incidence. This indicates that high expression of PKC-t contributes to neoplastic transformation.
A Case Study on E-marketplace Basic Functions

This paper conducts a case study to demonstrate that the success of EMPs corresponds to their basic functions. Through selected cases (Knowledgestorm.com, Dell.com, Taobao.com, Alibaba.com, Wire-and-cable.cn, E2open.com, Bolero.net, Tradecard.com, Ariba.com), this paper shows that the proposed basic function set will be able to increase, if not guaranteed, the success of future EMPs. The main contribution of this paper is that it has verified that there exists a basic function set of electronic marketplace such that the subset of the basic function set can be utilized to customize any particular type of electronic marketplace. Keywords—electronic marketplace;case study; interoperability.
A Theoretical Model of Team-Licensed Merchandise Purchasing (TLMP).

Although it is evident that sales of team licensed merchandise (TLM) contribute to the overall consumption of sport, research efforts that comprehensively describe what triggers the consumption of TLM is lacking (Lee, Trail, Kwon, & Anderson, 2011). Therefore, based on multiple theories (i.e., values theory, identity theory, attitude theory, and satisfaction theory) and other concepts that influence product consumption, this study proposed a theoretical model that explains purchase intention of TLM. The proposed model consists of various factors including personal values, team identification, attitude (toward brand and product), past experience, perceived product attributes, expectancy disconfirmation, satisfaction, and intention to purchase (brand and product). The comprehensiveness of the model would allow scholars and researchers to test and explain various commonly occurring consumption activities at a domain level.
Age differences in the androgyny score.

The sample examined consisted of 413 men and 406 women aged 20-90 years. This sample was obtained in two parts. The first contained 215 men and 272 women aged 62-90 years, who formed a simple random sample of the 27,000 older people living in a defined area of Edinburgh. The method of sampling these subjects, who are taking part in a longitudinal study of ageing persons, has been described elsewhere (Milne, Maule, and Williamson, 1971). The second part was composed of 198 men and 134 women aged 20-65 years, who were donors providing blood at the Regional Blood Transfusion Service in Edinburgh. I attended donor sessions and circulated a leaflet requesting volunteers for anthropometry. More people volunteered than could be measured in the time available. Bias was introduced by the Blood Transfusion Service policy of rejecting donors under 5 feet (1 5 m) in height or 8 stone (50 8 kg) in weight. This sample, although not random, is from the population living in Edinburgh. The distribution of Landsteiner blood groups in the samples of older people and of blood donors, who were measured, did not differ significantly from that published for Edinburgh (Kopec, 1970). In this respect, therefore, the samples do not differ from the population of Edinburgh. The age distribution of the combined samples of older people and blood donors is given in Table I. Measurements of biacromial (BAD) and bi-iliac (BID) diameters were made from behind with the subjects standing, using the Harpenden anthropo meter (Tanner and Whitehouse, 1957). Care was taken that the shoulders were in a relaxed position when measuring BAD, and that firm pressure was exerted with the branches of the anthropometer when measuring BID. The right suprailiac skinfold thickness was measured using the Harpenden caliper as described by Tanner (1959).
Editorial: Dispositions towards ridicule and being laughed at: Current research on gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism

This special issue deals with basic questions but also applied aspects of different dispositions towards ridicule and being laughed at. Many people will have encountered situations in which it was unclear to them whether people laugh with them or at them. There is a broad variety of reasons why people might get laughed at in their everyday life, starting from their physical appearance to their personality or their behavior and many more reasons. Of course, there is a good-natured variant of laughing at others or teasing others (e.g., playing harmless pranks among friends or sharing memories of situations in which something odd happened to one of the friends). This playful variant of laughing at is commonly enjoyed by people and elicits positive emotions among those who encounter such situations. However, there is also a dark, mean-spirited side, such as ridicule, which may lead to malicious and harmful expressions of humor, which might even count as bullying. Given that this relates to many different domains within psychology (e.g., developmental psychology, health psychology, personality, psychological assessment, psychopathology etc.), it seems rather surprising that there is not much empirical research on how people deal with ridicule and being laughed at and that the knowledge about causes and consequences is still rather limited. The present issue of Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling presents current research on three central concepts in this field, namely, gelotophobia (i.e., the fear of being laughed at; from gelos = Greek for laughter), gelotophilia (i.e., the joy of being laughed at), and katagelasticism (i.e., the joy of laughing at others; from katagelao = Greek for ‘‘laughing at’’).
Neuromuscular Diseases in the Context of Psychology and Educational Science

In this chapter, neuromuscular diseases will be examined from both a psychological and an educational science perspective. Neuromuscular diseases are usually accompanied by many types of psychological strain as functional loss due to immobility or pain often corresponds to emotional impairment, such as fear or depression. The restrictions caused by the disease often remain life-long because as far as current knowledge is concerned no cure has been found yet. Patients' experiences have an immediate impact on both their beliefs about whether and how they can influence the course of their disease, and on their individual perception of their quality of life (Lohaus & Schmitt, 1989). A series of experiments showed that health-related control beliefs and individual quality of life of persons suffering from a serious chronic disease can be lower than of healthy persons (Benassi et al., 1988; Kleftaras, 1997). However, there are hardly any empirical findings pertaining to the area of neuromuscular diseases to this effect. Nevertheless, we may presume that health-related control beliefs and individual quality of life differ between patients with neuromuscular diseases and healthy persons. The following will summarize the findings from two studies, examining the extent of how persons with different neuromuscular diseases differ from healthy persons regarding their evaluation of their individual quality of life and healthrelated control beliefs.