Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemistry and spinal projections of the reticular formation in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens

Over 30 nuclei have been identified in the reticular formation of rats, but only a small number of distinct reticular nuclei have been recognized in frogs. We used immunohistochemistry, retrograde tracing, and cell morphology to identify nuclei within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. FluoroGold was injected into the spinal cord, and, in the same frogs, antibodies to enkephalin, substance P, somatostatin, and serotonin were localized in adjacent sections. We identified many previously unrecognized reticular nuclei. The rhombencephalic reticular formation contained reticularis (r.) dorsalis; r. ventralis, pars alpha and pars beta; r. magnocellularis; r. parvocellularis; r. gigantocellularis; r. paragigantocellularis lateralis and dorsalis; r. pontis caudalis, pars alpha and pars beta; nucleus visceralis secundarius; r. pontis oralis, pars medialis and pars lateralis; raphe obscurus; raphe pallidus; raphe magnus; and raphe pontis. The mesencephalic reticular formation contained locus coeruleus‐subcoeruleus, r. cuneiformis, r. subcuneiformis, raphe dorsalis‐raphe centralis superior, and raphe linearis. Thus, the reticular formation of frog, which is an anamniote, is organized complexly and is similar to the reticular formation in amniotes. Because many of these nuclei may be homologous to reticular nuclei in mammals, we used mammalian terminology for frog reticular nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 404:387–407, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Level of Risk Disclosure: Evidence from Malaysian Government Linked Companies

This study examines the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on level of risk disclosure among the Malaysian Government-Linked Companies (GLCs). Specifically, this study examines the effect of risk management committee, board independence, board financial expertise, multiple directorships and board size on level of risk disclosure among the GLCs. This study utilises the agency theory in linking the corporate governance mechanisms and level of risk disclosure. Content analysis on the 2014 annual reports involving 36 GLCs companies was adopted. This study shows that multiple directorships and board size influence the level of risk disclosure among the GLCs. However, this study shows that risk management committee, board independence and board expertise do not influence the level of risk disclosure among the GLCs. Contrary to the expectation that board independence and board financial expertise would influence the level of risk disclosure, this study fails to provide such evidence. The findings of this study indicate that the board of directors need to consider appointing board members with multiple directorships and expanding their board size for greater risk disclosure. This study provides evidence on the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on level of risk disclosure among the GLCs. The findings in this study assist the GLCs in strategizing ways to improve their risk disclosure practices, thus improving their transparency and accountability to their stakeholders.
The Fear of Contagion and the Attitude Toward the Restrictive Measures Imposed to Face COVID-19 in Italy: The Psychological Consequences Caused by the Pandemic One Year After It Began

The pandemic nature of COVID-19 has caused major changes in health, economy, and society globally. Albeit to a lesser extent, contingent access to shops and places to socialize the imposition of social distancing and the use of indoor masks is measures still in force today (more than a year after the start of the pandemic), with repercussions on economic, social, and psychological levels. The fear of contagion, in fact, has led us to be increasingly suspicious and to isolate ourselves from the remainder of the community. This has had repercussions on the perception of loneliness, with significant psychological consequences, such as the development of stress, anxiety, and, in extreme cases, depressive symptoms. Starting from these assumptions, this research was developed with the aim of deepening the perceptions that the participants have of their own mental health, loneliness, fear linked to contagion, and attitudes toward imposed social distancing. In particular, we wanted to analyze whether there is a relationship between perceived fear and the perceived level of mental health, loneliness, and attitude toward social distancing. Finally, we wanted to analyze whether there are differences related to gender, age, marital status, current working mode, and educational qualifications. The research, performed after the diffusion of the vaccination in Italy, lasted 14 days. The participants were 500 Italians who voluntarily joined the study and were recruited with random cascade sampling. The research followed a quantitative approach. The analyzed data, from participants residing throughout the national territory, allow us to return the picture of the perceptions that Italians have of the fear of contagion, of their level of mental health, of loneliness and of their attitude toward social distancing. In particular, the data show that fear of COVID-19 is an emotional state experienced by the entire population and that young people have suffered more from loneliness and have been less inclined to accept the imposed social distancing. The data that emerged should make policymakers reflect on the need to find functional strategies to combat COVID-19 or other health emergency crises whose effects do not affect the psychological wellbeing of the population.
Known unknowns: Examining the burden of neurocognitive impairment in the end‐stage renal failure population

The burden of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in patients receiving maintenance dialysis represents a spectrum of deficits across multiple cognitive domains that are associated with hospitalization, reduced quality‐of‐life, mortality and forced decision‐making around dialysis withdrawal. Point prevalence data suggest that dialysis patients manifest NCI at rates 3‐ to 5‐fold higher than the general population, with executive function the most commonly affected cognitive domain. The unique physiology of the renal failure state and maintenance dialysis appears to drive an excess of vascular dementia subtype compared to the general population where classical Alzheimer's disease predominates. Despite the absence of evidence‐based cost‐effective therapies for NCI, detecting it in this population creates opportunity to proactively personalize care through education, supported decision making and targeted communication strategies to cover specific areas of deficit and help define goals of care. This review discusses NCI in the dialysis setting, including developments in the definition of neurocognitive impairment, dialysis‐specific epidemiology across modalities, screening strategies and opportunities for dialysis providers in this space.
USE OF AGC IN MITIGATION OF CONTINOUS-WAVE INTERFERENCE IN GNSS RECEIVERS

This work investigates the ways that Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation can be modified to minimise the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) losses in the presence of a Continuous-Wave (CW) interferer for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. It was found that the recommendations based on analysis of a probabilistic model of a Direct Sequence Pseudorandom Noise (DSPN) receiver reported in the literature work to minimise the magnitude of the CW relative to the amount of GNSS signal captured. This however, comes at the cost of increased Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) which degrades the system performance. It was found that the level of THD could be minimised by taking advantage of higher thresholds in the Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) (if available, such as 4-bits) while still adequately capturing the underlying GNSS signal. This operation is ideal if further processing is to be performed on the samples to mitigate the effects of Radio-frequency Interference (RFI).
Metabolic Syndrome Screening and Assertive Community Treatment

Metabolic syndrome defines a collection of cardiometabolic illnesses that predict risk for poor physical health and early death and is highly prevalent among those with serious mental illness. Despite recommendations for routine monitoring, those with serious mental illness frequently do not receive physical health screenings. We conducted a quality improvement (QI) project to increase rates of metabolic syndrome screening in three New York City Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams. The project, conducted from December 2010 to May 2011, involved educational sessions for staff and consumers and a systematic screening protocol. We collected complete metabolic syndrome screening measurements for 71% of participating ACT consumers. We found metabolic risk to be nearly universal among participants, with over half diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. We also found high rates of previously undiagnosed hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We describe the resources and obstacles we encountered in our QI project to make systematic metabolic screening a routine part of ACT care. This QI project suggests that ACT teams can take a leadership role in screening their consumers for physical health issues, aligning with recent policy trends to better integrate behavioral health and primary care services.
A Disaggregated and Comparative Analysis of Working Capital on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria (A Study of Nestle and Cadbury Nigeria PLC)

The study empirically examined working capital on profitability of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of working capital components on the performance of manufacturing firms. Desk survey method was used in gathering relevant information. Data were extracted from Annual Report and Account of various years using Nestle and Cadbury Nigeria Plc. Multiple regression of ordinary least square (OLS) model was used to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables using ROE as proxy. The findings in equation one revealed that account receivable, inventories, account payable and cash had negative effect on Return on Equity in Nestle Nigeria Plc. Equation two showed that, account receivables, inventories and cash had negative relationship on Return on Equity in Cadbury Nigeria Plc. The study recommended that management of Nestle and Cadbury Nigeria Plc should be more efficient in management of working capital and proper management of each working capital components should be kept at optimal levels. Keywords: Account Payable, Account Receivable, Cash, Inventory, Return on Equity
An ecological study on diet/nutrition and cancer in Japan

Correlation or ecological studies may be useful in identifying cancer risk factors which are distributed relatively homogeneously within a population, but differ greatly between populations or between different periods within a given population. In Japan, the westernization of dietary habits has progressed remarkably in the last few decades and may have resulted in changes of incidence/mortality rates of diet‐related diseases, especially cancer. Based on data from the National Nutritional Survey of Japan (1955–1993) and the vital statistics of Japan (1955–1993), we conducted correlation analyses between food/nutrient intake and cancer mortality. The present study on chronological correlations suggests the relationship between westernized dietary habits and mortality by cancers of the colon, breast, ovary and prostate and also the relationship between traditional Japanese dietary habits and mortality by stomach cancer. Our results suggest the importance of diet in the etiology of diet‐related cancer. Further observation and analyses are needed to confirm the relationship between food/nutrient intake and cancer mortality, while also considering the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and improvement in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Int. J. Cancer Suppl. 10:2–6, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Impacts of high-latitude volcanic eruptions on ENSO and AMOC

Significance In the model simulations analyzed here, large high-latitude volcanic eruptions have global and long-lasting effects on climate, altering the spatiotemporal characteristic of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on both short (<1 y) and long timescales and affecting the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). In the first 8–9 mo following the start of the eruption, El Niño-like anomalies develop over the equatorial Pacific. The large high-latitude eruptions also trigger a strengthening of the AMOC in the first 25 y after the eruption, which is associated with an increase in ENSO variability. This is then followed by a weakening of the AMOC lasting another 30–35 y, associated with decreased ENSO variability. Large volcanic eruptions can have major impacts on global climate, affecting both atmospheric and ocean circulation through changes in atmospheric chemical composition and optical properties. The residence time of volcanic aerosol from strong eruptions is roughly 2–3 y. Attention has consequently focused on their short-term impacts, whereas the long-term, ocean-mediated response has not been well studied. Most studies have focused on tropical eruptions; high-latitude eruptions have drawn less attention because their impacts are thought to be merely hemispheric rather than global. No study to date has investigated the long-term effects of high-latitude eruptions. Here, we use a climate model to show that large summer high-latitude eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere cause strong hemispheric cooling, which could induce an El Niño-like anomaly, in the equatorial Pacific during the first 8–9 mo after the start of the eruption. The hemispherically asymmetric cooling shifts the Intertropical Convergence Zone southward, triggering a weakening of the trade winds over the western and central equatorial Pacific that favors the development of an El Niño-like anomaly. In the model used here, the specified high-latitude eruption also leads to a strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the first 25 y after the eruption, followed by a weakening lasting at least 35 y. The long-lived changes in the AMOC strength also alter the variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Farmers Perceptions of Dangers of Grazing on Farmland and Coping Strategies: Evidence from Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria

This study examined farmers perceptions of the dangers of land use by Fulani herdsmen and coping strategies in Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. A total sample size of thirty two respondents were purposively selected for the study. Interview schedule was used for data collection and descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and standard deviation were used in analyzing the data. The result shows that Loss of soil fertility with a weighted mean score 2.59, environmental pollution with a weighted mean score 2.53 and crop failure with a weighted mean score 2.50 were identified as damages done by Fulani herdsmen. Similarly, use of fertilizer with a weighted mean score 2.81, occupational diversification with a weighted mean score (2.41), use of traditional rulers (2.38), use of physical fight (2.31) and early harvesting method (2.28) were used as coping strategies. This paper therefore recommended that; there is need to encourage education among two parties and this will bring a better perception for land use management. Farmers and herdsmen should be kept abreast with both principles of land use and management practices as to retain the fertility of the soil. Use of traditional rulers and local leaders should be well articulated in finding solution to land use management practices.
[Comparison of body-image self-perception and BMI of dieting adolescents with those of non-dieters].

INTRODUCTION Our main objective was to determine the relationship between body image, self-perception and body mass index in dieting adolescents and non-dieters. METHOD 531 high-school students 15-17 years old were selected randomly and evaluated by Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire, (BISQ) Dieting Status Measure (DiSM) and ideal body weight. Multivariate variance analysis for the effect of gender, age and dieting status on SPPA and BISQ subscales and multiple regression analysis for determining the predictors of dieting were used. RESULTS 33% of girls of normal weight reported that they were dieting. The percentage of dieters among female adolescents was significantly higher than that among male adolescents. While female adolescents were dieting for a thinner body ideal, boys were dieting for a thinner or fatter body ideal. In the dieting groups, lower body image satisfaction and self-worth were determined the physical appearance and general self-worth domains of the SPPA were the predicting factors of body image satisfaction in both female and male groups. CONCLUSION The percentage of girls who have a thinner body ideal and are dissatisfied with their actual body weight is considerable and is close to those in developed countries. The relationship between body image, self-perception and body mass index in dieting groups may help us to understand the psychopathology of eating disorders.
Mental Health Services in a Multicultural Society: Interculturalization and its Quality Surveillance

The purpose of this article is to present a model to promote and assess interculturalization of mental healthcare services in western multicultural society. We define interculturalization as the adaptation of mental health services to suit clients from different cultures. The suggested measures aim to introduce changes in four contexts: (i) the clinical interface or the relations between the immigrant patient and the healthcare workers and the treatment team; (ii) organizational adaptations required in the treatment context of the mental healthcare facility; (iii) the relation between the mental health facility and the ethnic communities; and (iv) the relation between the mental healthcare system, other facilities and society at large. To monitor the desired changes, the model describes qualitative and quantitative criteria and indicators to be applied in the four contexts.
The Impact of a Six Week Exergaming Curriculum on Balance with Grade Three School Children using the Wii FIT+TM

The development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) is at the heart of promoting physical literacy in children. The competence to perform basic motor tasks coupled with the confidence to try new activities will encourage children to embrace a positive attitude about being active for life. Balance is one FMS that can be specifically targeted for improvement and assessment. This paper explores the school-based application of exergaming technology as it relates to balance. Third grade students in this study improved their postural stability significantly over a 6-week period compared to a control group. The improvements in postural stability were also evident in a parallel intervention of children receiving more traditional training in agility, balance and coordination (gymnastics and dance). Gender did not have an effect on the changes in postural stability for either group; however, postural stability in the girls was better than the boys in all tests. Based on the results of this study, it is apparent that for the purpose of improving balance in elementary school children, the use of exergaming is emerging as a practical option available to physical educators. Specifically, the Wii Fit+™ has promising potential as an inexpensive and enjoyable tool for the development of balance.
Influence of gallate and pyrogallol moieties on the intestinal absorption of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epicatechin gallate.

UNLABELLED The cellular accumulation of individual catechins was measured as an index of intestinal absorption to clarify the interactions among catechins. The cellular accumulation of (-)-epicatechin (EC) increased in the presence of other catechins. The ability of gallate catechin such as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) to increase the cellular accumulation of EC was greater than that of nongallate catechins. Gallic acid octyl ester (GAO) also increased the cellular accumulation of EC by 426% as compared with that in untreated cells. Conversely, the cellular accumulation of ECG was not influenced by other catechins, but it increased by 54% in the presence of GAO. Experiments using GAO derivatives indicated that the gallate moiety required the presence of a catechol group and a neighboring carbonyl group, whereas the pyrogallol moiety, without a neighboring carbonyl group, required 3 hydroxyl groups to increase the cellular accumulation of EC. Furthermore, gallate esters required long carbon chains to increase the same. The experiment using EGCG, GAO, or their derivatives indicated that the ability of gallate or pyrogallol moiety to increase the cellular accumulation of EC was restricted by their hydrophobicity. These results suggest that the co-administration of foods containing functional materials such as gallate or pyrogallol moieties, increases the intestinal absorption of catechin. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The cellular accumulation of (-)-epicatechin increased by the gallate or pyrogallol moiety in catechin structure. The interaction among catechins appeared to affect intestinal absorption of catechin. The bioavailability of catechin may be improved by co-administration of functional foods.
Communications of the Association for Information Systems Communications of the Association for Information Systems

: Organizations can leverage business intelligence and analytics (BI&A) to transform themselves through a holistic integration process. Contrary to this proposition, many organizations implement BI&A without aligning or integrating it with organizational strategies. Some implement BI&A in a very ad hoc manner without any plans to leverage it. From a research point of view, we lack an integrated framework that can inform both academics and practitioners about adroit applications with business intelligence and analytics capabilities in organizations. We examine what significant BI&A capabilities organizations need to create value from BI&A. We conceptualize second-order constructs that affect the BI&A value-creation process: innovation infrastructure capability, customer process capability, business-to-business (B2B) process capability, and integration capability. We propose that these higher-order BI&A capabilities influence organizational performance through BI&A effectiveness’s the mediation effect. We developed a questionnaire instrument and collected data from 154 firms in India. Partial least squares analysis provides broad support for our hypotheses. Our contributions include identifying and empirically assessing key BI&A capabilities that directly impact how effectively an organization implements BI&A.
Rates and Predictors of Depression in Adoptive Mothers: Moving Toward Theory

There are approximately 1.8 million adopted children living in the United States. Adoptive parents may experience depressive symptoms and put their children at risk for negative outcomes. The results of this study describe the rates of depression in 300 adoptive mothers and associations with hypothesized explanatory variables, which predict approximately half of the variance in maternal depressive symptoms: expectations of themselves as mothers, the child, and family and friends; feeling of rest; past and present psychiatric difficulties (self-esteem, history of depression); and interpersonal variables (bonding, marital satisfaction, perceived support). These findings are useful in planning effective interventions to mitigate depressive symptoms.