Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships between alumina and bauxite dust exposure and cancer, respiratory and circulatory disease

Objectives: To examine the associations between alumina and bauxite dust exposure and cancer incidence and circulatory and respiratory disease mortality among bauxite miners and alumina refinery workers. Methods: This cohort of 5770 males has previously been linked to national mortality and national and state cancer incidence registries (1983–2002). In this paper, Poisson regression was used to undertake internal comparisons within the cohort based on subgroups of cumulative exposure to inhalable bauxite and alumina dust. Exposure was estimated using job histories and historical air monitoring data. Results: There was no association between ever bauxite exposure and any of the outcomes. There was a borderline significant association between ever alumina exposure and cerebrovascular disease mortality (10 deaths, RR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 13). There was some evidence of an exposure–response relationship between cumulative bauxite exposure and non-malignant respiratory disease mortality (seven deaths, trend p value: 0.01) and between cumulative alumina exposure and cerebrovascular disease mortality (trend p value: 0.04). These associations were based on very few cases and for non-malignant respiratory disease the deaths represented a heterogeneous mixture of causes. There was no evidence of an excess risk for any cancer type with bauxite or alumina exposure. Conclusions: These preliminary findings, based on very few cases, suggest that cumulative inhalable bauxite exposure may be associated with an excess risk of death from non-malignant respiratory disease and that cumulative inhalable alumina dust exposure may be associated with an excess risk of death from cerebrovascular disease. Neither exposure appears to increase the risk of incident cancers.
Fetal and neonatal pulmonary circulation.

During fetal life, gas exchange is carried out in the placenta. The lung does not have a physiological role, apart from possible metabolic functions which include secretion of hormones, enzymatic conversion of inactive substances to functional hormones, and degradation of active materials to inactive metabolites. Blood flow through the lungs is quite low during fetal life; most of the systemic and umbilical venous blood returning to the heart is shunted through the foramen ovale to the left atrium and left ventricle, or through the ductus arteriosus directly from the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta. About 85-90% of the blood ejected by the right ventricle is diverted from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus (48). Because the right ventri­ cle ejects about 66% of the combined ventricular output of the fetal heart, about 60% of the total output of the heart passes through the ductus arteriosus and thus does not enter the lungs. Should this volume of blood pass through the pulmonary circulation and return to the left ventricle, there would be an unnecessary increase in the volume of work placed on the heart. The low fetal pulmonary blood flow has been explained on the basis of a high pulmonary vascular resistance. Mter birth, however, a marked in­ crease in pulmonary blood flow is necessary to permit adequate gas ex­ change. This review considers: (0) pulmonary arterial pressures and flows in utero and changes during gestation; (b) patterns of fetal pulmonary blood flow; (c) factors that influence fetal pulmonary vascular responses; and (d) mechanisms responsible for the postnatal decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance.
Designing for Future Behavior s : Understanding t he Effect of Temporal Distance o n Planned Behaviors

Despite the prevalence of theories and interventions related to behavior change, our knowledge on how intention for a target, or planned behavior, changes over time remains limited. This hinders our ability to consider the temporal aspect in our designs to support behavior change. To understand the effect of temporal distances on planned behaviors, we conducted two studies, building on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Constual Level Theory. We found that attitude about the target is more salient the further away the event, as people focus on the why of a behavior. On the other hand, perceived behavior control can influence intention in both near and far future. When the target is in the near future, people generally focus on the feasibility, or the how of the behavior. In the far future, people may also consider factors related to behavior control, if they are motivated to do so (i.e., hold a strong attitude towards the action). Findings help advance the Theory of Planned Behavior and offer strategies for designers and event organizers to motivate planned behaviors that are in the near and far future. Author
First-Mover Advantage in Online Review Platform

While first-mover advantage has been widely studied at firm-level, our research focuses on individual-level first-mover advantage in online review platform. More specifically, we study whether early reviews receive higher proportion of helpful votes than later reviews. We try to answer three questions. (1) Does first-mover have advantage in online review platform? (2) Does the first-mover advantage differ across different types of reviewers? (3) Are reputation-seeking reviewers more likely to exploit the first-move advantage? We analyze the model using Zero-inflated Beta with the review data from Amazon.com. Our preliminary results show that early reviews are more helpful than later reviews when controlling for total time being posted, review characteristics, and reviewer characteristics. The first-mover advantage is greater for high frequency reviewer than low frequency reviewer.
A Modest Proposal: (Re)Defining Unconscious Fantasy

The author argues that unconscious fantasy, properly defined, necessarily represents the three-dimensional intersection of wishful thinking (fantasy), veridical perception of the environment (reality), and the naive cognition of childhood. It is proposed that, although attachment theory developed out of the intent to capture the unalloyed reality of dyadic experience, that experience is inextricably entangled with the other two components, wishes and naive cognition, and furthermore, that the behavior of children in the attachment paradigm can only be accounted for by positing the existence of underlying unconscious fantasies. In making these arguments, the author also addresses the development of unconscious fantasies and their relationship to compromise formations and trauma.
Multimodal approach to postoperative recovery

Purpose of reviewTo provide updated information on recent developments within individual components of multimodal interventions to improve postoperative outcome (fast-track methodology). Recent findingsThe value of the fast-track methodology to improve recovery and decrease hospital stay and morbidity has been firmly consolidated, especially in colorectal procedures. An increasing amount of data from other procedures supports the value of the fast-track concept across procedures. Fast-track programs should be based on the analysis of procedure-specific factors that may influence outcome and implemented through a multidisciplinary collaboration. However, compared with the amount of available evidence of the fast-track methodology, the implementation continues to be slow. SummaryProcedure-specific standardization of perioperative care programs (the fast-track methodology) should be adopted more widely and adjusted to current scientific evidence.
A Physically Based Substrate Current Simulation

A Drift-Diffusion (DD) simulation is compared with a hydrodynamic (HD) simulation. The used device is a submicron n-channel MOSFET. The current density distribution in the area of maximal generation is calculated. The influence of a surface reduced impact generation rate model is discussed. Finally a generation rate which is proportional to the carrier concentration is calculated. This is in contrast to most used models were the generation rate is proportional to the particle flux density.
Microhabitat selection in the common lizard: implications of biotic interactions, age, sex, local processes, and model transferability among populations

Abstract Modeling species' habitat requirements are crucial to assess impacts of global change, for conservation efforts and to test mechanisms driving species presence. While the influence of abiotic factors has been widely examined, the importance of biotic factors and biotic interactions, and the potential implications of local processes are not well understood. Testing their importance requires additional knowledge and analyses at local habitat scale. Here, we recorded the locations of species presence at the microhabitat scale and measured abiotic and biotic parameters in three different common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) populations using a standardized sampling protocol. Thereafter, space use models and cross‐evaluations among populations were run to infer local processes and estimate the importance of biotic parameters, biotic interactions, sex, and age. Biotic parameters explained more variation than abiotic parameters, and intraspecific interactions significantly predicted the spatial distribution. Significant differences among populations in the relationship between abiotic parameters and lizard distribution, and the greater model transferability within populations than between populations are in line with effects predicted by local adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity. These results underline the importance of including biotic parameters and biotic interactions in space use models at the population level. There were significant differences in space use between sexes, and between adults and yearlings, the latter showing no association with the measured parameters. Consequently, predictive habitat models at the population level taking into account different sexes and age classes are required to understand a specie's ecological requirements and to allow for precise conservation strategies. Our study therefore stresses that future predictive habitat models at the population level and their transferability should take these parameters into account.
Le terroir viticole : contribution à l'étude de sa caractérisation et de son influence sur les vins : application aux vignobles rouges de moyenne vallée de la Loire

Une methode de caracterisation integree des terroirs viticoles a ete mise au point en moyenne vallee de la Loire (Chinon, Bourgueil, Saumur-Champigny). Elle est basee sur la notion de sequence ecogeopedologique. Une sequence est composee d'un type de roche, d'une chaine de sols et d'un paysage associe pouvant determiner un mesoclimat particulier. Treize sequences identifiees par cette methode ont ete etudiees pendant cinq ans grâce a des parcelles experimentales plantees en cepage Cabernet franc greffe sur so4 et respectant un protocole rigoureux. Des effets considerables des terroirs sur les caracteristiques physico-chimiques et sensorielles des vins ont ete mis en evidence. Certains milieux fournissent des vins juges chaque annee comme intenses visuellement et olfactivement, puissants, structures et harmonieux. D'autres ont donne des vins qui, quelle que soit l'annee, s'opposaient aux precedents. Enfin, plusieurs sequences produisent des vins dont les caracteristiques sensorielles changent selon le millesime. Les differences constatees entre les vins sont dues principalement a des ecarts de precocite de la vigne dans les divers terroirs, qui font varier dans de fortes proportions la qualite des vendanges. La precocite est liee aux conditions thermiques printanieres qui regnent dans les horizons du sol les plus colonises par les racines. Les types de profils racinaires et de pedoclimats thermiques ont une grande importance dans ces phenomenes. Les conditions d'alimentation en eau expliquent, dans le cas des terroirs a interaction avec l'annee climatique, les differences de composition des vendanges
The Diversity of Microsporidia in Parasitic Copepods (Caligidae: Siphonostomatoida) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean with Description of Facilispora margolisi n. g., n. sp. and a new Family Facilisporidae n. fam.

Three distinct microsporidia were identified from parasitic copepods in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a partial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) sequence identified a genetically distinct variety of Desmozoon lepeophtherii from Lepeophtheirus salmonis on cultured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, and this was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis resolved the SSU rDNA sequence of the second organism in a unique lineage that was most similar to microsporidia from marine and brackish water crustaceans. The second occurred in L. salmonis on Atlantic, sockeye Oncorhynchus nerka, chum O. keta and coho O. kisutch salmon, in Lepeophtheirus cuneifer on Atlantic salmon, and in Lepeophtheirus parviventris on Irish Lord Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus. Replication occurred by binary fission during merogony and sporogony, diplokarya were not present, and all stages were in contact with host cell cytoplasm. This parasite was identified as Facilispora margolisi n. g. , n. sp. and accommodated within a new family, the Facilisporidae n. fam. The third, from Lepeophtheirus hospitalis on starry flounder Platichthys stellatus, was recognized only from its unique, but clearly microsporidian SSU rDNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis placed this organism within the clade of microsporidia from crustaceans.
BclI glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism is associated with greater body fatness: the Hoorn and CODAM studies.

CONTEXT The BclI polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene is associated with enhanced glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the association of the BclI polymorphism with body fatness and insulin resistance. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted an observational cohort study, combining data from 2 cohort studies enriched with individuals with impaired glucose metabolism and/or diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined 1228 participants (mean age 64.7 years, 45% women) from the Cohort Study on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM, n = 543) and the Hoorn Study (n = 685). Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were obtained; insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). RESULTS We identified 519 noncarriers (CC), 540 heterozygous (CG) carriers, and 169 homozygous (GG) carriers of the G-allele of the BclI polymorphism. Homozygous carriers had a higher BMI (28.9 vs 27.9 kg/m(2)) and waist (99.6 vs 97.2 cm) and hip (105.5 vs 103.2 cm) circumference compared with noncarriers, also after adjustment for age, sex, cohort, glucose tolerance, and lifestyle risk factors: β = 0.94 kg/m(2) (95% confidence interval, 0.24-1.63), β = 2.84 cm (0.95;4.73) and β = 2.38 cm (0.88-3.87), respectively. Similar results were obtained when comparing homozygous carriers with heterozygous carriers: β = 1.03 kg/m(2) (0.34-1.72), β = 2.20 cm (0.31-4.08) and β = 1.99 cm (0.51-3.48), respectively. There were no differences in WHR. Ln-HOMA2-IR was higher in GG carriers compared with CG carriers; 0.29 vs 0.17 [β = 0.09 (0.01-0.17)], but this effect was attenuated after adjustment for BMI [β = 0.04 (-0.04 to 0.11)]. CONCLUSION Homozygous carriers of the BclI polymorphism of the GR gene have significantly greater total body fatness, contributing to higher HOMA2-IR, compared with heterozygous carriers and noncarriers.
Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters in rat lumbar spinal cord, with a note on dorsal root ganglia

Three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) have been recently identified and their distribution has been mapped in various brain areas. In the present study, we used morphological approaches to investigate their expression in the rat lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Our results show a complementary distribution of VGLUT‐expressing fibers in the spinal cord, with no overlapping in nerve endings. In the dorsal horn, VGLUT1 is most abundant in mechanosensory/proprioceptive deep afferent fibers. VGLUT2 and VGLUT3 are expressed only at moderate levels in primary sensory afferent fibers and are not used by central projections of nociceptive neurons. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNAs are mainly segregated in superficial laminae but colocalized in deeper laminae. Weak expression of VGLUT3 mRNA is only detected in deep laminae. The colocalization of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 transcripts in most sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia is not in agreement with the clear segregation between the proteins in their spinal projections. Such a discrepancy suggests targeting mechanisms specific for each transporter and/or a distinct regulation of their translation. In the ventral horn, the expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNAs in motoneuron perikarya suggests the possible unexpected role of glutamate in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. These results demonstrate the existence of different subpopulations of glutamate nerve terminals in the rat lumbar spinal cord and suggest that functionally distinct subsets of excitatory glutamatergic neuronal networks are involved in sensory processing and motor control. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:380–394, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the initial assessment of children with inflammatory bowel disease

Introduction: Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and differentiation between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can be difficult in children. Several previous studies suggest that esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and biopsies are important in the initial investigation of children with suspected IBD. The aim of the present paper was to assess the importance of EGD in the initial diagnostic appraisal of children with suspected IBD.
Condylar position in children with functional posterior crossbites: before and after crossbite correction.

The purpose of ttu's project was to determine whether functional posterior crossbites in children influence the position of the mandibular condyle and assess the effect of crossbite correction on condylar position. Ten children from four to nine years of age with functional posterior crossbites were treated by maxillary expansion. Standardized transcranial temporomandibularjoint radiographs were taken prior to treatment and following crossbite correction. Pretreatment radiographs were taken with the child's teeth occluded in the crossbite relationship. Post treatment radiographs were made with the teeth in centric occlusion. Prior to treatment, there were significant differences in the horizontal and vertical joint space measurements between the crossbite and noncrossbite sides. There were no significant differences between the two sides following crossbite correction.
Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht Infection Center (MINC), University Hospital Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands 2 Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispati eva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia 3 Department for Infection Control, Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital of Munster, Robert Koch Strase 41, D-48149 Munster, Germany
Emerging clinical trends and perspectives on comorbid patterns of mental disorders in research

Comorbidity is a well‐established and documented phenomenon in mental disorders and medicine with heuristic value. The concept of comorbidity remains however poorly defined and lacks a comprehensive and coherent theoretical framework. There is a need to develop coherent methodological strategies in order to promote a fuller understanding of the implications of comorbidity and to exploit its potential value with regard to etiopathogenic and therapeutic issues. This position paper makes recommendations of improved methodological standards and procedures and discusses a range of options that can provide incremental information that is likely to improve therapeutic outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The spontaneous and evoked release of acetylcholine from the cerebral cortex

The possibility that acetylcholine (ACh) acts as a mediator of synaptic transmission in the cerebral cortex of mammals has been suggested both by experiment and by argument. It has, however, been difficult to obtain direct evidence in support of this view although many of the characteristics that might be expected of a central nervous transmitter have been clearly demonstrated for ACh in the cortex (Feldberg, 1945b, 1950, 1957; Crossland, 1960). They include the demonstration of enzymes for the synthesis and rapid destruction of ACh and the natural occurrence of this substance in the brain. ACh and drugs which are known to affect its action have been shown to influence the electrical activity of the cortex, and recently single cells in the cortex have been selectively activated by the iontophoretic application of ACh through micropipettes (Krnjevid & Phillis, 1961). However, at peripheral synapses the most important step in the identification of cholinergic transmission has been the demonstration of the release of ACh during stimulation of the appropriate nerve. Experiments of this kind, on the intact brain, offer certain difficulties and attempts by several groups of workers to demonstrate a central release of ACh during nervous stimulation have produced conflicting results (see Feldberg, 1945 b): but in 1950 Elliott, Swank & Henderson detected a release ofACh from the surface of the intact cortex and MacIntosh & Oborin (1953) showed that this release was related to the spontaneous electrical activity of the cortex. A technique similar to that of MacIntosh & Oborin has been used in the present experiments to study the effect of direct and indirect stimulation of the cortex on the local release of ACh, in an attempt to assess its significance. It has been found that excitation ofthe cortex, either through sensory nerves or by direct electrical stimulation, increases the ACh output
The effect of teacher interpersonal behaviour on students' subject-specific motivation

This study brings together insights from research on teaching and learning in specific subjects, learning environments research and effectiveness research by linking teacher interpersonal behaviour to students’ subject-related attitudes. Teaching was studied in terms of a model originating from clinical psychology that was adapted to education. Teacher interpersonal behaviour was analysed interms of two, independent behaviour dimensions called Influence and Proximity. This study investigated the added value of students’ perceptions of teacher interpersonal behaviour (after correction for covariates such as gender, report card grade, class size, etc.) on students’ subjectspecific motivation. Data of 52 third-year EFL-classes (English as a Foreign Language; 1041 students), taught by 32 secondary teachers, were included in the analyses. The study used multilevel analysis of variance to investigate the effect of teaching on motivation and included several covariates as well. For all of the discerned subject-related attitude variables – pleasure, relevance, confidence and effort – a positive and strong effect was found for teacher Proximity. In addition, for three of the outcome variables – pleasure, relevance and effort – Influence also had a positive effect. Overall, however, proximity seemed to be of greater importance than teacher influence. The results demonstrate the significant role of teacher interpersonal behaviour in student motivation and the importance of combining insights from various educational research disciplines.