Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutrients Point Mutations Alter the Cellular Distribution of the Human Folate Receptor in Cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells 1 , 2

Diminished cellular need for folate results in decreased function of the human folate receptor (FR) but increased expression of this protein in cells grown at different rates. Much of this FR is intracellular and not available for vitamin transport, raising the following question: what is the function of this excess receptor? In this study, we characterized the effects of three point mutations on FR regulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected to express either wild-type receptor or FR containing mutations at positions 67S3P,144E3D, and/or 201N3D. The 201N3D FR responded functionally like the wild-type receptor but was localized predominantly at the cell surface ( 90% vs. 40% for wild-type). This mutation disrupted a N-linked glycosylation site and generated a partially deglycosylated receptor. The 67S3P mutation also shifted the cellular distribution such that more FR was surface accessible ( 80%) but did not affect glycosylation. Because previous results showed that these mutations influence the conformation of FR, our findings suggest that structural changes in the receptor facilitate its trafficking to the cell surface. FR containing the 67S3P mutation with either a 144E3D or 201N3D change was not processed from the high-mannose to complex glycoform but was still transported to the cell surface and able to transport folates. Thus, conformational changes introduced by specific point mutations can influence FR processing and/or trafficking to the cell surface. Furthermore, the fact that mutated FR can be trafficked to the cell surface more efficiently suggests that the native receptor may be retained intracellularly to perform some function there. J. Nutr. 134: 308–316, 2004.
Post-Accession Compliance with EU Law in Bulgaria and Romania: A Comparative Perspective

This paper takes stock of academic literature and official sources on post-accession compliance in Bulgaria and Romania, the only new member states where the Commission has preserved the right to monitor key reforms following accession. The data used in the analysis suggests that formal compliance with EU law has not decreased since their accession. Quite the contrary; Bulgaria and Romania have performed well with regard to the transposition of EU law, yet signs of shortcomings have appeared at the enforcement level, possibly on a greater scale than in other CEECs. Moreover, it is argued that in the first years of membership, the Commission’s post-accession monitoring did not yield the same results in Bulgaria and Romania. While Romania has managed to convince the Commission of its good will and determination to meet the benchmarks set by the EU, Bulgaria has failed to do so and has faced sanctions in relation to the EU’s extended conditionality. The analysis concludes by presenting possible directions for further research.
Generation of residual energy in the turbulent solar wind

In situ observations of the fluctuating solar wind flow show that the energy of magnetic field fluctuations always exceeds that of the kinetic energy, and therefore the difference between the kinetic and magnetic energies, known as the residual energy, is always negative. The same behaviour is found in numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. We study the dynamics of the residual energy for strong, anisotropic, critically balanced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence using the eddy damped quasi-normal Markovian approximation. Our analysis shows that for stationary critically balanced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, negative residual energy will always be generated by nonlinear interacting Alfven waves. This offers a general explanation for the observation of negative residual energy in solar wind turbulence and in the numerical simulations.
Sobolev and Max Norm Error Estimates for Gaussian Beam Superpositions

This work is concerned with the accuracy of Gaussian beam superpositions, which are asymptotically valid high frequency solutions to linear hyperbolic partial differential equations and the Schr\"odinger equation. We derive Sobolev and max norms estimates for the difference between an exact solution and the corresponding Gaussian beam approximation, in terms of the short wavelength $\varepsilon$. The estimates are performed for the scalar wave equation and the Schr\"odinger equation. Our result demonstrates that a Gaussian beam superposition with $k$-th order beams converges to the exact solution as $O(\varepsilon^{k/2-s})$ in order $s$ Sobolev norms. This result is valid in any number of spatial dimensions and it is unaffected by the presence of caustics in the solution. In max norm, we show that away from caustics the convergence rate is $O(\varepsilon^{\lceil k/2\rceil})$ and away from the essential support of the solution, the convergence is spectral in $\varepsilon$. However, in the neighborhood of a caustic point we are only able to show the slower, and dimensional dependent, rate $O(\varepsilon^{(k-n)/2})$ in $n$ spatial dimensions.
Comprehension of Chemical Laboratory Safety and Hazard Warning Signs Among Chemistry and Biology Department Students in Wolaita Sodo University, Southern Ethiopia

Chemical accidents mostly occur due to the neglect of safety precautions or the absence of related precautionary symbols on the chemicals. The present study was aimed to assess students’ comprehensibility of chemical laboratory safety and hazard warning signs among biology and chemistry department students in the Wolaita Sodo University during January to May, 2016. The total population of this study was 500 students. Sample size was determined by purposive sampling. Among the total population 72 respondents were selected to responds the questionnaire. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and observation. The collected data were analyzed using simple quantitative analysis. The results of the study revealed that the majority (75 % and 61.11%) of the respondents were well aware with chemical laboratory safety and hazard signs of laboratory chemicals, respectively. However, the majority of the respondents (61.11% and 56.94%) were low familiarity with chemical laboratory safety and hazard signs of laboratory chemicals, respectively. Also the respondents were requested to match chemical characteristics with the corresponding hazard signs (pictograms). Only 23.61%, 15.28% and 11.1% of the respondents were able to match chemical hazard warning signs of flammable, explosive and harmful, respectively with their associated signs. The responses given to the rest of properties (oxidizing, dangerous to the environment, corrosive, radioactive, chronic health hazards and toxic) were not as such significant. The results also indicate that comprehensibility of hazard warning signs is low among the students. This necessitates organization of education / training programs to help students to get familiarized and increase their comprehensibility about chemical laboratory safety and hazard warning signs. Thus, it is recommended that warning students to follow safety rules is not sufficient and they should be educated to understand and recognize the signs in order to avoid the possible happening of chemical accidents on them and their environment. Keywords: Laboratory safety, Hazard warning signs, Chemical labels, chemical accident
Self-Adaptive Relaying Scheme of Reclosers for Fuse Saving in Distribution Networks with DG

With growing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in electrical distribution networks (EDNs), miscoordination between fuse and recloser is more likely. This is the result of change of direction, as well as the magnitude of the fault current in the presence of DG where fuse saving cannot be achievd with standard recloser characteristics. This paper proposes a self-adaptive relaying scheme of reclosing operation for fuse saving in EDNs with DG. The recloser is programmed with a new non-standard characteristic using only the local voltage and current magnitude measurements. The proposed relaying scheme is tested for various fault conditions in a 20 kV Iranian radial EDN containing DG units at different locations. It is shown that the proposed scheme is not affected by the presence of DG units whereas the conventional relays fail the protection coordination. The proposed characteristic maintains proper recloser-fuse coordination for all fault types and different DG conditions.
Sample size for estimate the average of Passiflora caerulea fruits traits

The aim of this research was to determine the sample size needed to estimate the average of wild passion fruit (Passiflora caerulea) traits. It was collected randomly, 133, 99 and 133 fruit of wild passion fruit in 30, 21 and 29 plants, located respectively, in the cities of Sao Borja, Itaqui and Uruguaiana, on the west border of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, totaling 365 fruits harvested in 80 plants. In each fruit were measured ten traits: width, length, fruit, skin, and pulp weight, pulp yield, luminosity and tone of skin and pulp. Then, central tendency, dispersion and distribution measures were calculated and the normality of the data checked. After, it was determined the sample size needed to estimate the average for each character, assuming estimation errors equal to 1, 2, . , 10% of the mean estimate with confidence levels of 95% and 99%. In wild passion fruit, 12 fruits are sufficient to estimate the mean of luminosity and tone of the skin and pulp, with an estimation error of 5% of the mean and 95% confidence, regardless of the evaluation location (Sao Borja, Itaqui or Uruguaiana). In this same level of accuracy 36 fruits are needed to estimate the width and length, 52 fruits to estimate the pulp yield and 319 fruits for the evaluation of the fruit, skin and pulp weight.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROFILE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN RETAIL MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS IN ADDIS ABABA AND ITS SURROUNDING TOWNS , ETHIOPIA By FIREHIWOT

x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. 4 2.1. Epidemiology . 4 2.2. Pathogenesis, Pathology and Virulence factors . 9 2.3. Laboratory isolation methods . 15 2.3.1 Culture method. 15 2.3.2 Biochemical tests . 17 2.3. 3 Chromogenic/ rapid tests . 17 2.3. 4 Serological test. 17 2.4. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. 18 2.5. Treatment and Prevention . 19 2.6 Significance of the study. 21 CHAPTER 3: OBJECTIVES . 22 3.1. General Objective. 22 3.2. Specific objectives. 22 CHAPTER 4: MATERIALS AND METHODS. 23 4.1. Study design and area. 23 4.2. Study samples. 23 4.3. Sample collection . 24 4.4. Laboratory culture analysis . 27 4.4.1. Specimen preparation . 27 4.4.2. Inoculation . 27 4.4.3. Isolation . 27 4.4.4. Biochemical tests . 28 4.4.5. Antimicrobial susceptibility test . 29 4.4. 6. Quality control . 30 4.5. Statistical analysis . 30
Physical dating violence: The potential understating value of a bi-factorial model

National and international studies have pointed out Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS, Straus, 1979, 1996) as one of the most widely used measures for assessing the strategies used in situations of conflict within young couples. Nevertheless, there is not any conclusive result about its structure. Especially the physical dating violence scale has undergone sev-eral structural analyses providing monofactorial and bifactorial structures. The aim of this study was focusing on the validation of structural models using confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) of CTS within adolescent cou-ples, considering the differences between boys and girls and between ag-gressors and victims. 3258 adolescents, aged 15- 21, were selected using a stratified random sample and interviewed using an adaptation of the CTS questionnaire. The results pointed out that it is not possible to identify a single model fit, but boys and girls, aggressor and victims, have the same pattern: a bifactorial model which establishes different but correlated mod-erate aggressive behaviors and severe aggressive behaviors. These results are discussed in terms of the potential value of this two-factor structure for understanding the phenomenon
Effects of male age and mating status on response to the female sex pheromone of Copitarsia decolora (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract The effects of male age and mating status on the behavioral response of Copitarsia decolora (Guenée) males to the glandular extract of the female sex pheromone were studied by conducting wind tunnel bioassays and electroantennography (EAG). To study the effect of age, 2–3, 4–5, 6–7, 8–9, 10–11 day old males were used to measure attraction in the wind tunnel. To study the effect of age on virgin male antenna depolarization, Individual males 3-, 6- and 9-days old were used. The effect of male mating status was studied with 4–6 day old males and subsequent pheromone response was measured after a period of 24 and 48 h. Both male age and mating status significantly affected male response to the female sex pheromone. In the wind tunnel, male attraction to the extract reached its maximum in males 4–7 days old and then decreased as moth age increased. The glandular extract provoked a significantly greater depolarization of the antennae of 6 day old males than in 3 and 9 day old males. In the wind tunnel, virgin males were more attracted to female extracts than mated males. Significantly greater depolarization was observed in the antennae of virgin than mated males.
Comparison of the hygroscopic behaviour of 205-year-old and recently cut juvenile wood from Pinus sylvestris L.

La reponse hygroscopique du bois juvenile de Pinus sylverstis L. provenant d'arbres recemment coupes de la foret de Valsain en Segovia, Espagne (bois recent) a ete comparee a celle de bois juvenile de la meme espece utilise comme bois de charpente a la fin du XIII e siecle (vieux bois), originaire de la meme foret. Les isothermes de sorption a 35 °C ont ete obtenus par la methode des sels satures, et l'ajustement mathematique utilise etait le modele GAB. LA spectrographie infrarouge et la diffractometrie par rayon X ont ete utilisees pour etudier d'eventuelles differences de composition chimique et l'indices de cristallinite de la paroi cellulaire. La boucle d'adsorption-desorption du vieux bois est au-dessus de celle du bois recent, tandis que le coefficient d'hysteresis est plus eleve dans le vieux bois. Les pics correspondant aux groupes -OH sont similaires, bien que le degre de cristallinite soit significativement plus bas dans le vieux bois. Bien que ces differences de cristallinite puissent expliquer pour une bonne part le contraste hygroscopique entre plus bas dans le vieux bois. Bien que ces differences composes amorphes de la paroi peuvent egalement etre invoquees.
Drying of Almonds II: Multiple Particles

Abstract Computational modelling is an efficient and effective tool for modelling the drying process for food products. Developing validated computational models for drying processes is essential to build energy-efficient drying units, producing uniform quality of dried products. This work presents drying behaviour of almonds with a specific focus on understanding interaction among multiple almonds. Eight (2 × 2 × 2) particles and twenty seven (3 × 3 × 3) particles arranged in the shape of a cuboid were used to conduct drying experiments in a Mettler Toledo Moisture Analyzer unit. Experiments were conducted to measure the moisture loss data with respect to drying time using almond kernels. Experimental data were used to understand drying kinetics as well as variation in moisture content with respect to their positions in a cuboid. Computational fluid dynamics based simulations were carried out for the flow, heat transfer and drying of particles in the unit. Actual geometry of individual particles was considered in simulations to predict the variation in velocity, heat and mass transfer coefficients for all the particles. Simulations predicted moisture loss data that matches well with the experimentally measured values. Average moisture for each layer was also compared for various intermediate drying times. Simulation results captured the overall drying process for multiple particles system adequately. The results are compared with the results obtained with drying of a single almond. The approach, models and presented results will be useful for designing large-scale drying units for almonds.
The CORA dataset: validation and diagnostics of in-situ ocean temperature and salinity measurements

Abstract. The French program Coriolis, as part of the French operational oceanographic system, produces the COriolis dataset for Re-Analysis (CORA) on a yearly basis. This dataset contains in-situ temperature and salinity profiles from different data types. The latest release CORA3 covers the period 1990 to 2010. Several tests have been developed to ensure a homogeneous quality control of the dataset and to meet the requirements of the physical ocean reanalysis activities (assimilation and validation). Improved tests include some simple tests based on comparison with climatology and a model background check based on a global ocean reanalysis. Visual quality control is performed on all suspicious temperature and salinity profiles identified by the tests, and quality flags are modified in the dataset if necessary. In addition, improved diagnostic tools have been developed – including global ocean indicators – which give information on the quality of the CORA3 dataset and its potential applications. CORA3 is available on request through the MyOcean Service Desk ( http://www.myocean.eu/ ).
The effect of group training of solution-focused stress management on pregnant women ' s stress

Introduction: Pregnancy is viewed as a stressful experience. Anxiety and excitement at the beginning of pregnancy will have a direct impact on pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed at investigating the effect of group training of stress management with a solution-focused approach on pregnancy stress. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial conducted on sixty highly stressed pregnant women with the gestational age of 17-20 weeks who referred to healthcare centers in Bojnourd in 2015. Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was used to screen highly stressed mothers and those who scored above 21.8 were selected for the study and were randomly assigned into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received group training of stress management for 4 weekly 90-minute sessions. The control group received routine healthcare. Data analyzed through t-test, paired ttest, chi-square and SPSS software. Results: The mean score of perceived stress in the intervention group significantly decreased on the post test (P<0.002). Comparison of the mean scores of stress before and after the intervention in the two groups showed that the mean of stress score variations in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of solution-focused stress management training in reducing the stress of pregnant women, it is suggested that educational workshops be held during pregnancy to help mothers manage their stress during pregnancy and to promote their mental health during pregnancy.
Implications of RCP emissions on future PM2.5 air quality and direct radiative forcing over China

Severe PM2.5 air pollution in China and the First Grand National Standard (FGNS), implemented in 2016 (annual PM2.5 concentration target of less than 35 µg m−3), necessitate urgent reduction strategies. This study applied the nested‐grid version of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem) to quantify 2000–2050 changes in PM2.5 air quality and related direct radiative forcing (DRF) in China, based on future emission changes under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5. In the near term (2000–2030), a projected maximum increase in PM2.5 concentrations of 10–15 µg m−3 is found over east China under RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 and less than 5 µg m−3 under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. In the long term (2000–2050), PM2.5 pollution clearly improves, and the largest decrease in PM2.5 concentrations of 15–30 µg m−3 is over east China under all RCPs except RCP6.0. Focusing particularly on highly polluted regions, we find that Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) wintertime PM2.5 concentrations meeting the FGNS occur after 2040 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, and summertime PM2.5 concentrations reach this goal by 2030 under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. In Sichuan Basin (SCB), wintertime PM2.5 concentrations below the FGNS occur only in 2050 under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, although future summertime PM2.5 will be well controlled. The difficulty in controlling future PM2.5 concentrations relates to unmitigated high levels of nitrate, although NOx and SO2 emissions show substantial reductions during 2020–2040. The changes in aerosol concentrations lead to positive aerosol DRF over east China (20°–45°N, 100°–125°E) by 1.22, 1.88, and 0.66 W m−2 in 2050 relative to 2000 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively. When considering both health and climate effects of PM2.5 over China, for example, PM2.5 concentrations averaged over east China under RCP4.5 (RCP2.6) decrease by 54% (43%) in 2050 relative to 2000, but at the cost of warming with DRF of 1.88 (1.22) W m−2. Our results indicate that it will be possible to mitigate future PM2.5 pollution in China, but it will likely take two decades for polluted regions such as BTH and SCB to meet the FGNS, based on all RCP scenarios. At the same time, the consequent warming effects from reduced aerosols are also significant and inevitable.
A unicity theorem for meromorphic mappings between algebraic varieties

Using the techniques of value distribution theory in several complex variables, we obtain a theorem which can be used to determine whether two nondegenerate meromorphic mappings from an affine algebraic variety to a projective algebraic variety of the same or lower dimension are identical. The theorem generalizes a result of R. Nevanlinna in one complex variable.
Effects of marked routes in You-are-here maps on navigation performance and cognitive mapping

A You-are-here map (YAH map) is a popular way to guide way-searchers (i.e. a person who is navigating in a more or less unknown area to a specific goal) through a designated area. With current technologies, information such as the current position and the optimal route to a chosen destination can be provided easily by marking the route in a map. In our study, we investigated the advantages and disadvantages of such marked routes on navigation performance in desktop virtual environments. 24 participants navigated through a 2 ½ D virtual environment. Navigation performance was measured by navigation time and number of deficiencies. In order to separate effects of cognitive maps from those of navigation performance, participants were asked to draw sketch maps after each trial. The results showed that participants who were shown the optimal route marked in the map beforehand, exhibited impaired knowledge of the environment and impaired navigation performance compared with those viewing the map without the route, independent of route complexity or viewing time of the map. Although map goodness was only slightly better when the route was not marked, the representation of the periphery was rated significantly better. Only route accuracy was better in the condition in which the route was marked. The results are interpreted in such way that basic impairments arise in cognitive mapping when reading a map of the designated area with a marked route, resulting in worse navigation performance.