Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of dietary supplementation of propolis on hematology, biochemistry and lipid profile of rats fed high cholesterol diet -

The objective of the present study was to monitor the hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of propolis in rats fed high cholesterol diet. The rats (n=32) were divided into four equal groups. The rats of group 1 (control) were fed basal diet, whereas rats of group 2 were fed basal diet mixed with cholesterol (1%). The rats of group 3 and 4 were fed high cholesterol diet (1%) mixed with propolis powder 1 and 2%, respectively. Hematological parameters were comparable among all groups. Cholesterol, triacylglycerol and ALT activities were increased significantly in rat fed high cholesterol diet as compared to control. Inclusion of propolis in high cholesterol diets reduced these parameters in serum. Hematological and biochemical findings were supported by histopathological analysis of liver tissues. Conclusively, 1% propolis was found as safe and enough to induce beneficial hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects in serum of rats fed high cholesterol diet.
Rabbit Papilloma and Vaccinia Viruses and T2 Bacteriophage of E. coli in “Shadow” Electron Micrographs.∗

Summary Electron micrographs of the rabbit papilloma and vaccinia viruses and the T2 bacteriophage of E. coli were obtained with the metal-shadowing technic. The papilloma virus dried in vacuo for application of the metal appeared spheroidal in shape, flattened especially at the region of contact with the film. The vaccinia virus was greatly flattened and showed the presence of a denser internal material bulging beneath the surface. The bacteriophage was a tadpole-shaped structure with a headpiece of well-rounded contours and a stubby tailpiece. The findings were discussed with respect to their bearing on the shape of the viruses in the wet state.
The Possible Role of Endothelial Cells in Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy

Objective: To clarify the role of endothelial cells in pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders, we studied the cytotoxic effect of sera from normal pregnant women and from gravidas with various hypertensive complications of pregnancy. Methods: We obtained serum samples from 84 Japanese women: 17 with preedampsia, ten with gestational hypertension, six with chronic hypertension, five with chronic hypertension with superimposed preecldampsia, 21 normal gravidas, and 25 healthy nonpregnant women. Endothelial cell injury was measured by the release of radiolabeled chromium from the cells into the culture medium. Results: The mean (± standard error of the mean) values of chromium 51 release in preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, normal pregnancy, and healthy nonpregnant women were: 21.9 ± 2.1, 10.0 ± 2.0, 9.2 ± 2.3, 12.9 ± 0.8, 8.4 ± 1.4, and 7.3 ± 1.6%, respectively. Normal pregnant and nonpregnant subjects did not differ with respect to endothelial cell injury. Sera from women with preeclampsia demonstrated significantly greater endothelial cell injury than did sera from normal gravidas. Subjects with the three other categories of hypertensive disorders did not differ significantly from normal gravidas. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is characterized by the presence of a serum factor cytotoxic to endothelial cells. Therefore, the mechanism responsible for the increase in blood pressure differs between women with preeclampsia and those with other hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Medication error reporting in Tehran: a survey.

AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurses' reporting of medication errors. BACKGROUND Improvement in medication error reporting is one of the major challenges in today's health care environments. METHODS This was a descriptive survey of nurses working in medical, surgery, orthopaedic, gynaecology and obstetric wards in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, using stratified multistage sampling. Data were collected between November 2008 and May 2009 using a researcher-designed questionnaire. Data were described and explored using Kruskal-Wallis, one-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney's test. RESULTS The response rate was 93% (n = 286). The mean number of medication errors 'reported' per nurse during 3 months was 1.33 [standard deviation (SD) = 4.18, median = 0, interquartile range (IQR) = 0-0, range = 70-0]. The mean number of errors made was 19.5 (SD = 30.27, median = 10, IQR = 1-25, range = 181-0). None of the individual and organisational characteristics reported were significantly related to reporting of medication errors. Failure to record vital signs (e.g. pulse, blood pressure etc.) before and after administering certain medicines was the most frequently reported medication error. CONCLUSION More errors were made than were reported and this requires further investigation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The reporting of medication errors is a problem in health care systems worldwide, including Iran. Considering the significant difference between the nurses' actual and reported medication errors, managers should monitor medication errors. Educational initiatives are needed to improve understanding of the importance of medication administration.
Determinants of active labor market policy: A spatial and multilevel analysis of ALMP expenditures in 29 OECD countries between 1985 and 2010

i Acknowledgements ii Table of contents iii List of tables v List of figures vi 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Active labor market policies 6 3.0 Theory and hypotheses 8 3.1 Policy diffusion and Galton’s problem 8 Mechanisms of policy diffusion 10 Defining the structure of dependence 15 3.2 Domestic explanations for ALMP efforts 16 Left-wing government 17 Corporatism 17 Social democratic welfare regime 19 3.3 International explanations for ALMP efforts 19 Political integration: The European Union 20 Economic globalization 20 3.4 Control variables 23 3.5 Summary 25 4.0 Methodology 26 4.1 Spatial analysis 26 Weight matrices 28 Moran’s I 28 Policy variable: International ALMP efforts 29 4.2 Panel data as multilevel: Years nested within countries 29 Building the multilevel model 31 Goodness-of-fit and model comparison 32 Modeling interactive hypotheses 33 4.3 Summary 34
Spatial Distributions of Red Blood Cells Significantly Alter Local Haemodynamics

Although bulk changes in red blood cell concentration between vessels have been well characterised, local distributions are generally overlooked. Red blood cells aggregate, deform and migrate within vessels, forming heterogeneous distributions which have considerable effect on local haemodynamics. The present study reports data on the local distribution of human red blood cells in a sequentially bifurcating microchannel, representing the branching geometry of the microvasculature. Imaging methodologies with simple extrapolations are used to infer three dimensional, time-averaged velocity and haematocrit distributions under a range of flow conditions. Strong correlation between the bluntness of the velocity and haematocrit profiles in the parent branch of the geometry is observed and red blood cell aggregation has a notable effect on the observed trends. The two branches of the first bifurcation show similar characteristics in terms of the shapes of the profiles and the extent of plasma skimming, despite the difference in geometric configuration. In the second bifurcation, considerable asymmetry between the branches in the plasma skimming relationship is observed, and elucidated by considering individual haematocrit profiles. The results of the study highlight the importance of considering local haematocrit distributions in the analysis of blood flow and could lead to more accurate computational models of blood flow in microvascular networks. The experimental approaches developed in this work provide a foundation for further examining the characteristics of microhaemodynamics.
Control of myeloid activity during retinal inflammation

Combating myeloid cell‐mediated destruction of the retina during inflammation or neurodegeneration is dependent on the integrity of homeostatic mechanisms within the tissue that may suppress T cell activation and their subsequent cytokine responses, modulate infiltrating macrophage activation, and facilitate healthy tissue repair. Success is dependent on response of the resident myeloid‐cell populations [microglia (MG)] to activation signals, commonly cytokines, and the control of infiltrating macrophage activation during inflammation, both of which appear highly programmed in normal and inflamed retina. The evidence that tissue CD200 constitutively provides down‐regulatory signals to myeloid‐derived cells via cognate CD200‐CD200 receptor (R) interaction supports inherent tissue control of myeloid cell activation. In the retina, there is extensive neuronal and endothelial expression of CD200. Retinal MG in CD200 knockout mice display normal morphology but unlike the wild‐type mice, are present in increased numbers and express nitric oxide synthase 2, a macrophage activation marker, inferring that loss of CD200 or absent CD200R ligation results in “classical” activation of myeloid cells. Thus, when mice lack CD200, they show increased susceptibility to and accelerated onset of tissue‐specific autoimmunity.
Financialization and housing: Between globalization and Varieties of Capitalism

In the literature, one finds various explanations for the rise of financialized capitalism. In the different strands of financialization literature, housing either plays a minor role or is simply seen as one of the bearers of financialization. The relations between housing and financialization are under-researched and under-theorized. This article, first, looks at the rise of housing finance as an integral part of macro-economic policy, and second, at the role of financial globalization in the rise of housing finance. Housing is seen as an absorber of a ‘wall of money’, but the absorption of finance by housing is a very uneven process. Four trajectories of national institutional structures are suggested, and it is discussed how capital flows are absorbed in each of these trajectories. Finally, it is discussed what this tells about the geographies of financialized capitalism, and its relations to debt, housing, mortgage markets and the spatial fix.
Climatic and pedoclimatic factors driving C and N dynamics in soil and surface water in the alpine tundra (NW-Italian Alps)

In alpine tundra the interannual and seasonal variability of C and N forms in soil and lake water during the short snow-free season could be significant and related to climatic and pedoclimatic variables. The hypothesis that not only the climatic and pedoclimatic parameters recorded during the summer season but also the ones measured during the previous snow-covered season could contribute to explaining the C and N dynamics in soil and surface water was tested along 10 snow-free seasons in 3 sites in the alpine tundra in the north-western Italian Alps (LTER site Istituto Mosso). Among the considered parameters, the snow cover duration (SCD) exerted a primary control on soil N-NH4+, DOC, Cmicr, Nmicr and DOC:DON ratio, with an inverse relationship. A long SCD might cause the consumption of all the subnival substrata by the soil microorganisms, determining a C starvation during the subsequent snow-free season. An opposite trend was observed for the lake water, where a longer SCD corresponded to a higher content of inorganic N forms. Among the pedoclimatic indices, the number of soil freeze/thaw cycles (FTC) recorded during the snow-covered season had a positive relation with most of soil C and N forms and N-NO3− in lake water. Only the soil DON showed an inverse pattern, and this result is consistent with the hypothesis that FTC released soil DON, subsequently decomposed and mineralized. Only N-NO3− had a significant intraseasonal variability, reaching the highest values in September both in soil and water, revealing a significant slowdown of the contribution of soil N immobilization processes.
The Strategic Logic of Reference Dependence in Risk Taking

We show how individual strategies in market entry games depend on randomly induced prior outcomes and on the competitors’ beliefs about reference dependence in risk taking. On average, competitors take greater risk the lower their own outcome is and the greater the outcomes among their competitors are. This risk pattern is consistent with the belief among the majority of players who believe that lower outcomes lead to greater risk taking. The pattern reverses for players who believe that higher outcomes lead to greater risk taking. A player’s belief about the reference dependence of his competitors’ strategies shapes the reference dependence of his own strategies. Our findings support that players i. ) ascribe information value about strategic risk propensities to prior outcomes, ii. ) hold widely varying beliefs about the nature of reference dependence, iii. ) project that their competitors hold beliefs about reference dependence that are similar to theirs, and iv. ) adjust their strategies in ways that are consistent with their belief about reference dependence. Thus, reference dependence in strategic risk taking follows, at least partially, a conscious strategic logic. This logic can induce ecological rationality. More homogenous beliefs among the competitors about the nature of reference dependence result in substantially better coordinated markets.
Fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and visceral larva migrans caused by the raccoon ascarid Baylisascaris procyonis.

VISCERAL larva migrans is a subacute inflammatory disease characterized by hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, and hypergammaglobulinemia and due to the larval migration in human beings of nematodes normally parasitic in lower animals.1 , 2 Most cases in the United States occur in young children and are caused by the dog ascarid Toxocara canis.3 A fatal outcome and central nervous system involvement are rare.3 Ingestion of soil contaminated by infective eggs is the usual mode of acquisition. A specific parasite can be identified with certainty, however, only by morphometric analysis of larvae in tissue specimens, so the recent development of serodiagnostic tests for T.
Overview of cyclins D1 function in cancer and the CDK inhibitor landscape: past and present

Introduction: Intensive efforts, over the last decade, have been made to inhibit the kinase activity of cyclins that act as mediators during cell-cycle progression. Activation of the cyclin D1 oncogene, often by amplification or rearrangement, is a major driver of multiple types of human tumors including breast and squamous cell cancers, B-cell lymphoma, myeloma and parathyroid adenoma. Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarize the activity of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in cell-cycle progression and transcription. They focus on cyclin D1/CDK4/CDK6, a central mediator in the transition from G1 to S phase. Furthermore, the authors discuss the first generation of pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that failed to meet expectation and discuss, in detail, the second generation of highly specific cyclin D1/CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors that are proving to be more efficacious. Expert opinion: The mechanism by which cyclin D1 drives tumorigenesis may be dependent on kinase and kinase-independent functions. Further evidence is necessary to delineate the roles of cyclin D1 in early pre-neoplastic lesions where its overexpression may promote genomic instability in a kinase-independent manner.
Temperament, character and personality disorders as predictors of response to interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression

Background Interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive–behavioural therapy are widely accepted as effective treatments for major depression. There is little evidence on how personality disorder or personality traits affect treatment response. Aims To determine whether personality disorder or traits have an adverse impact on treatment response to interpersonal psychotherapy or cognitive–behavioural therapy in people receiving out-patient treatment for depression. Method The study was a randomised trial in a university-based clinical research unit for out-patients with depression. Results Personality disorder did not adversely affect treatment response for patients with depression randomised to cognitive–behavioural therapy Conversely, personality disorder did adversely affect treatment response for patients randomised to interpersonal psychotherapy. Conclusions Despite the two therapies having comparable efficacy in patients with depression, response to interpersonal psychotherapy (but not cognitive–behavioural therapy) is affected by personality traits. This could suggest the two therapies are indicated for different patients or that they work by different mechanisms.
N-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)benzenesulfonamide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C13H10ClNO3S, the conformation of the N—H bond in the C—SO2—NH—C(O) segment is anti to the C=O bond. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 68.6 (1)°. The molecule is twisted at the S atom with a dihedral angle of 75.7 (1)° between the sulfonyl benzene ring and the —SO2—NH—C—O segment; the dihedral angle between the latter and the benzoyl ring is 8.3 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O(S) hydrogen bonds.
Multiple Antenatal Care Bookings among Pregnant Women in Urban and Rural Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria: A Mixed Method Study

Aims: To determine the factors influencing multiple antenatal care bookings among pregnant women in urban and rural communities of Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Study Design: This was a community based cross-sectional comparative study design using a sequential mixed method exploratory approach. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in urban and rural communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria between September and October 2017. Methodology: A two stage sampling method was used to select 660 women who have been delivered of babies within one year preceding the study irrespective of place of antenatal care. Also the respondents were permanent residents of the selected communities for one year. Eight focus Original Research Article Ossai et al.; AJPCB, 2(1): 1-12, 2019; Article no.AJPCB. 48845 2 group discussions were conducted among women who delivered within one year preceding the study and those pregnant during the period of study. Twelve key informant interviews were also conducted among providers of antenatal care in health facilities in the selected communities. Chi square test of statistical significance and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression were used in the analysis and level of statistical significance was determined by a p value of <0.05. QDA Miner Lite v2.0. 6 was used in the analysis of qualitative data. Results: The mean age of respondents were 29.6±6.2 and 28.6±5.1years in urban and rural communities respectively. A significantly higher proportion of respondents in urban area, 34.5% registered for antenatal care in more than one health facility when compared to those in rural, 25.8%. (p=0.014). The major reason for multiple antenatal care bookings in the urban was because of strike actions by health workers in the public health sector while in the rural, it was because of emergency which may occur during the period of pregnancy or labour. Predictor of multiple antenatal bookings among the respondents was the attainment of tertiary education. (A0R=1.7; 95%C1: 1.1-2.6). Conclusion: More than a third of the respondents registered for antenatal care in more than one health facility. The reasons for this practice are a manifestation of the weaknesses of the health system and at a high cost to the women and the country especially as Nigeria bears the highest burden of maternal deaths globally. The Government of Nigeria should bring to an end the frequent industrial actions in the public health sector. There is also the need to train the health workers and enlighten the populace on referral system. These may serve as initial steps towards embracing quality maternal health services in Nigeria.
The plasma scalpel.

The plasma scalpel simultaneously cuts tissue and cauterizes blood vessels measuring 3 mm in diameter with a small, hot (3000 C) gas jet. In animal studies, the amount of hemorrhage has been shown to be less with the plasma scalpel than with steel or electrosurgical scalpels, and incisions have healed without complications. Amount of damaged tissue is limited. Human trials are under way, and the device shows promise as a clinical tool.
Determinants of Entry and Exit: An Application of the Compounded Bivariate Poisson Distribution to U. S. Industries, 1972-1977

Numerous empirical studies have applied a variety of approaches and data to examine the market entry of firms across industries. One branch of studies, which is the focus of the present paper, uses industry-level census data to examine the role of industry characteristics as entry barriers. This research features estimation results from very large samples that cover a wide range of industries. Examples include McGuckin [19], Orr [20], Gorecki [9; 10], Duetsch [6; 7], Kessides [14], and Chappell, Kimenyi, and Mayer [5] (henceforth referred to as Chappell et al. [5]). The above studies use net entry (e.g., the number of firms in 1977 minus the number of firms in 1972) as a measure of the number of new entrants in a given industry. ' With the exception of Chappell et al., classical regression models of net entry have been the tool of analysis. Chappell et al. point out that because net entry data are integer-valued, and thus deviate from classical regression assumptions, the statistical specification of net entry calls for a discrete probability distribution. Chappell et al. base estimation on a univariate Poisson distribution. In the present paper we consider another aspect of the data, and improve upon the approach of Chappell et al. Observations on net entry actually reflect the difference between unobservable entry and exit flows, and as such contain information on both entry and exit. While this point is well understood, the focus of net entry studies has been entry, and the approach has been to model the data as a function of entry alone. Unfortunately, the failure to incorporate the true informational content of the data into the estimation clouds the results. In particular, neglecting the dependence of the data on exits can produce misleading estimates of the entry parameters. Small values of net entry, for example, might merely reflect a balancing of strong entry and exit flows
Estimated Frequency of Genetic and Nongenetic Causes of Congenital Idiopathic Cerebral Palsy in West Sweden

Mathematical analysis of prenatal and perinatal risk factors was performed on the first 681 published cases of idiopathic congenital cerebral palsy (born 1959–1970) in the west Swedish population‐based cerebral palsy (CP) study. Analysis indicates that an estimated 40% of etiologically undiagnosed cases of CP in the community (48% of those born at term and 24% of those born prematurely) are genetically caused. These proportions of genetic causation are no less in CP than in idiopathic mental retardation. Genetic causes account for 60% of maturely born hemiplegics, 45% of maturely born spastic diplegics, 32% of premature spastic diplegics and virtually all cases of pure ataxia. About 23% of CP cases in the community have suffered nongenetic brain damage in accordance with the two‐stage model. The residue of 37% is characterized by a single risk factor, usually perinatal.