Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Self-Interference Reduction Strategy in a Spatially Correlated MIMO Channel

One of the efficient ways to transmit high data rate is by employing a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. One of the MIMO schemes, known as spatial multiplexing (SM), relies on the linear independence data streams from different transmit antennas to exploit the capacity from the fading channels. Consequently, SM suffers from the effect of spatial correlation which is the limiting factor in achieving the capacity benefit that SM can offer. In an attempt to increase the robustness of the SM transmission in a wide range of correlated channels, the use of dynamic subcarrier allocation (DSA) is investigated. The effective signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) metric is used as the performance metric to determine the subcarrier quality which can then be utilised in the allocation. Two novel variants of the subcarrier allocation scheme are proposed. It is shown that the DSA-SINR approach improves the BER performance of SM transmission in highly correlated channels environment.
Vertical transport of anthropogenic mercury in the ocean

We investigate the vertical transport of mercury (Hg) within the ocean using a simple box diffusion model to represent vertical water transport coupled with a particulate Hg flux. The particulate flux assumes that the Hg content of marine particles is proportional to the Hg concentration of surface waters via a sorption equilibrium constant, Kd. The model is forced with the observed factor of 3 increase in atmospheric Hg deposition over the industrial era. The modeled vertical profile of oceanic Hg shows a subsurface maximum at ∼500 m depth due to remineralization of Hg bound to sinking organic particles, consistent with observations. Model results indicate that surface (top 100 m) concentrations of Hg have increased by 150% since preindustrial times. Over the past 150 years, 280 Mmol of anthropogenic Hg have accumulated in the ocean, representing a 18% increase in the total oceanic Hg content. We find that 36% of the anthropogenic Hg occurs in the top 400 m and only 7% occurs below 1500 m. Over the industrial era, we find that 14% of cumulative anthropogenic emissions have accumulated in the ocean. Our model results show that half of the accumulation of anthropogenic Hg in the ocean is due to sinking on particulates. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the model results are most dependent on the value of Kd.
Restoration of calbindin after fetal hippocampal CA3 cell grafting into the injured hippocampus in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Degeneration of the CA3 pyramidal and dentate hilar neurons in the adult rat hippocampus after an intracerebroventricular kainic acid (KA) administration, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy, leads to permanent loss of the calcium binding protein calbindin in major fractions of dentate granule cells and CA1 pyramidal neurons. We hypothesize that the enduring loss of calbindin in the dentate gyrus and the CA1 subfield after CA3‐lesion is due to disruption of the hippocampal circuitry leading to hyperexcitability in these regions; therefore, specific cell grafts that are capable of both reconstructing the disrupted circuitry and suppressing hyperexcitability in the injured hippocampus can restore calbindin. We compared the effects of fetal CA3 or CA1 cell grafting into the injured CA3 region of adult rats at 45 days after KA‐induced injury on the hippocampal calbindin. The calbindin immunoreactivity in the dentate granule cells and the CA1 pyramidal neurons of grafted animals was evaluated at 6 months after injury (i.e. at 4.5 months post‐grafting). Compared with the intact hippocampus, the calbindin in “lesion‐only” hippocampus was dramatically reduced at 6 months post‐lesion. However, calbindin expression was restored in the lesioned hippocampus receiving CA3 cell grafts. In contrast, in the lesioned hippocampus receiving CA1 cell grafts, calbindin expression remained less than the intact hippocampus. Thus, specific cell grafting restores the injury‐induced loss of calbindin in the adult hippocampus, likely via restitution of the disrupted circuitry. Since loss of calbindin after hippocampal injury is linked to hyperexcitability, re‐expression of calbindin in both dentate gyrus and CA1 subfield following CA3 cell grafting may suggest that specific cell grafting is efficacious for ameliorating injury‐induced hyperexcitability in the adult hippocampus. However, electrophysiological studies of KA‐lesioned hippocampus receiving CA3 cell grafts are required in future to validate this possibility. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do Extracurricular Activities Help Adolescents Develop Academic Self-Efficacy? Evidence for How and Why

Do Extracurricular Activities Help Adolescents Develop Academic Self-Efficacy? Evidence for How and Why Brianne L. Burr Department of Sociology, BYU Master of Science Previous research has linked extracurricular activities to academic performance for adolescents, but it remains unclear through what mechanisms they are linked. I posit that extracurricular activities lead to the development of academic self-efficacy, which in turn improves academic performance. This study examines the nature of the relationship between participation in extracurricular activities and academic self-efficacy for adolescents. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, I find that academic self-efficacy is positively related to participation in extracurricular activities. Results indicate that participation in a diversity of types of extracurricular activities such as in both sports and student government is also related to greater academic self-efficacy. Additional analyses reveal that this effect levels out and begins to decrease at high levels of involvement, when the adolescent is involved in a high number of activities or spends a high number of hours per week in extracurricular activities. Implications for adolescents are discussed.
Thinking Styles of Gifted and Nongifted Students in Iran

This study was designed to compare thinking styles of gifted and nongifted Iranian students and to examine the appropriateness in a nonwestern context of the Thinking Styles Inventory. 200 students in junior high school, including 109 nongifted students (55 girls and 54 boys) and 91 gifted students (46 girls and 45 boys), whose mean age was 12.4 yr. (SD = .69), responded to the short version of the Thinking Styles Inventory. Analysis indicated that gifted students scored significantly higher than nongifted students on Type 1 and Type 3 thinking styles, while the nongifted students had statistically significant higher scores on the Type 2 thinking styles. These results are discussed in terms of the previous research and thinking styles model proposed by Sternberg in 1997.
Plasma levels and pharmacological effects of metoprolol administered as controlled release (Durules) and ordinary tablets in healthy volunteers.

The bioavailability, plasma levels and pharmacological effect of a daily dose of 0.2 g of metoprolol in Durules and in regular 0.1 g tablets have been studied in eight healthy volunteers during steady state conditions. Durules and two 0.1 g metoprolol tablets were given once daily, and one 0.1 g metoprolol tablet was given every 12th hour. The maximum concentration of metoprolol in plasma after Durules was about half of that after two regular tablets. When one metoprolol 0.1 g tablet was administered every 12th hour, an average maximum concentration slightly higher than for the Durules was recorded about one hour after the administration. The minimum concentration of metoprolol during the day was about twice as high after Durules as after the same dose in regular tablets. The dose-corrected area under the plasma concentration vs time curve of Durules was 87 per cent of the b.i. d. regimen of metoprolol in regular tablets and about 75 per cent of two metoprolol 0.1 g tablets once daily. Metoprolol Durules maintained a more even effect on heart rate and systolic blood pressure during exercise during the day than the corresponding daily dose of metoprolol given as two metoprolol 0.1 g tablets once daily or as one metoprolol 0.1 g tablet every 12th hour. After maximum beta-blockade the effect declined by, on average, 0.60 per cent/hour for the Durules and 0.96 per cent for the regular tablet. The exercise heart rate before the morning dose was significantly lower during treatment with Durules and one metoprolol 0.1 g tablet b.i. d. than during the placebo period. The interaction of metoprolol with the effect of adrenaline (0.09 microgram x kg-1 x min-1, infused at 2, 3.5 and 5 hrs after metoprolol administration) on the diastolic blood pressure was more pronounced when two ordinary 0.1 g metoprolol tablets were administered once daily than for the corresponding dose in Durules, this probably reflecting a difference in degree of action of metoprolol on the vascular bed for Durules and regular metoprolol tablets in identical doses.
Histologic Observations of Coccoid Forms Suggestive of Cell Wall Deficient Bacteria in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

ABSTRACT: The cutaneous lesions of seven consecutive patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), two patients with systemic LE, and a patient with both dermatomyositis and cutaneous LE, were studied bacteriologically and microscopically for the presence of bacteria. The study was prompted by the previous reports of variably acid‐fast and non‐acid‐fast bacteria in other collagen diseases, and also by recent reports confirming the presence of cell wall deficient (CWD) bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria) within the hematologic elements of both “normal” and diseased individuals. Staphylococcus epidermis was isolated from four cases, Propionibacterium acnes from two cases, and Corynebacterium sp. from one case. Three cases were bacteriologically negative. Basophilic and eosinophilic‐stained coccoid forms, suggestive of CWD bacteria, were identified in the microscopic sections of all the cases, as were non‐acid‐fast coccoid forms. Definite acid‐fast coccoid forms were observed in vivo in two cases of cutaneous LE. The complex bacteriology of LE is discussed, as well as the possibility that variably acid‐fast CWD microbes might be the long sought‐after etiologic agent or agents in the production of LE.
Impact of psychiatry training on attitude of medical students toward mental illness and psychiatry

Background-Today, mental disorders are attached with negative and stigmatising attitudes, which are often due to lack ofknowledgeabout mental illness. It has been hypothesized that as the exposure to psychiatry increases, attitude toward psychiatry increases. Objective-Present study was designed to know the attitude of intern students towards psychiatry before and after their psychiatry posting using 30 item Attitude towards Psychiatry questionnaire. Methods-The presenting study is a 2 stage cross-sectional and comparative study. Self administered sociodemographic profile sheet and attitude toward psychiatry-30 items (ATP-30) questionnaires were given to intern medical students at the time of joining and after 15 days of psychiatry posting and the scores were analyzed using spps21. Results –Among Pre-postingintern, 53 students have positive attitude toward psychiatry which increased to 85 after 15 days psychiatry posting (p=0.001). The mean± standard deviation score also increased significantly (p=0.001) from 96.7±11.3 pre-posting to 102.6±8.9 post-posting.Post-postinginterns were more in favor to choose psychiatry as a career choice. Conclusion-As the exposure to psychiatry increases, attitude toward psychiatry increases. More negative attitude in Pre-posting interns might be due to poor teaching, social stigma and lesser exposure to psychiatric patients, ridiculous stereotypic remarks.
Clinicopathological studies on diffuse Lewy body disease

With reports of dementia cases with numerous cortical Lewy bodies and our proposal that this be named ‘diffuse Lewy body disease’ (DLBD), this condition has received a great deal of attention, first in Japan and subsequently in Europe and North America. In the early 1990s, similar types of nomenclature were considered, and at the First International Workshop in 1995, it was proposed that ‘dementia with Lewy bodies’ be used as a generic term for Lewy body dementia, including the DLBD form. We review our previous clinicopathological findings and describe our recent immunohistochemical studies on DLBD.
Broad-band and ultrasensitive pulse characterization using frequency-resolved optical gating via four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier

We present a frequency-resolved optical gating geometry permitting the characterization of 1-mW average power 2.5-ps pulses over the whole C-band at 10-GHz repetition rate. This represents an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over other reported self-referenced characterization techniques. Measurements of pulses from an actively mode-locked fiber laser are reported.
Cycle fecundity in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination. Influence of the number of mature follicles at hCG administration.

OBJECTIVE To determine if cycle fecundity in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles is influenced by the number of mature follicles at the time of hCG administration. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective data analysis of 75 infertility patients undergoing 164 consecutive COH/IUI cycles with FSH and/or hMG in a university-affiliated private infertility center. Cycles were compared for number of mature follicles (> or = 15 mm) and peak serum estradiol levels, total number of ampules and days of gonadotropin use, and clinical pregnancy rate. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in cycle fecundity when three to four mature follicles were stimulated. Peak estradiol levels were significantly different in the groups, as predicted from the number of follicles. The groups were not statistically different in age or etiology of infertility. Group A (1-2 mature follicles) required significantly more FSH/hMG than group B (3-4 follicles) or group C (> or = 5 follicles). CONCLUSION In COH/IUI cycles, three to four mature follicles yield improved cycle fecundity as compared to that in cycles with a smaller or larger number of follicles. These findings may help identify patients who will be more successful in conceiving with COH/IUI versus those who should be counseled to use other assisted reproductive technologies.
Variability in Cancer Death Certificate Accuracy by Characteristics of Death Certifiers

Abstract Death certificates are the source for mortality statistics and are used to set public health goals. Accurate death certificates are vital in tracking outcomes of cancer. Deaths may be certified by physicians or other medical professionals, coroners, or medical examiners. Idaho is one of 3 states that participated in a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–funded study to assess the concordance between cancer-specific causes of death and primary cancer site among linked cancer registry/death certificate data. We investigated variability in the accuracy of cancer death certificates by characteristics of death certifiers, including certifier type (physician vs coroner), physician specialty, years of experience as death certifier, and number of deaths certified. This study showed significant differences by certifier type/physician specialty in the accuracy of cancer mortality measured by death certificates. Nonphysician coroners had lower accuracy rates compared with physicians. Although nonphysician coroners certified less than 5% of cancer deaths in Idaho, they were significantly less likely to match the primary site from the cancer registry. Results from this study may be useful in the future training of death certifiers to improve the accuracy of death certificates and cancer mortality statistics.
On Bandwidth Limitation and Operating Frequency in Artificial Magnetic Conductors

A perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) surface reflects electromagnetic waves without any change in the electric field phase. However, there is no natural PMC material. Instead, artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) have been developed, which mimic the behavior of PMCs at a particular frequency. There has been an extensive amount of research to increase the bandwidth in different AMC structures and to characterize its operating frequency. Here, the general reflection characteristics from an AMC surface is demonstrated. A theoretical upper limit for AMC bandwidth is derived in terms of AMC structural parameters and validated for different AMC structures. Finally the effects of AMC structural parameters on the operating frequency of an AMC are investigated.
A multimodel assessment of the influence of regional anthropogenic emission reductions on aerosol direct radiative forcing and the role of intercontinental transport

In this study, we assess changes of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and direct radiative forcing (DRF) in response to the reduction of anthropogenic emissions in four major pollution regions in the Northern Hemisphere by using results from nine global models in the framework of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP). DRF at top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface is estimated based on AOD results from the HTAP models and AOD‐normalized DRF (NDRF) from a chemical transport model. The multimodel results show that, on average, a 20% reduction of anthropogenic emissions in North America, Europe, East Asia, and South Asia lowers the global mean AOD (all‐sky TOA DRF) by 9.2% (9.0%), 3.5% (3.0%), and 9.4% (10.0%) for sulfate, particulate organic matter (POM), and black carbon (BC), respectively. Global annual average TOA all‐sky forcing efficiency relative to particle or gaseous precursor emissions from the four regions (expressed as multimodel mean ± one standard deviation) is −3.5 ± 0.8, −4.0 ± 1.7, and 29.5 ± 18.1 mW m−2 per Tg for sulfate (relative to SO2), POM, and BC, respectively. The impacts of the regional emission reductions on AOD and DRF extend well beyond the source regions because of intercontinental transport (ICT). On an annual basis, ICT accounts for 11 ± 5% to 31 ± 9% of AOD and DRF in a receptor region at continental or subcontinental scale, with domestic emissions accounting for the remainder, depending on regions and species. For sulfate AOD, the largest ICT contribution of 31 ± 9% occurs in South Asia, which is dominated by the emissions from Europe. For BC AOD, the largest ICT contribution of 28 ± 18% occurs in North America, which is dominated by the emissions from East Asia. The large spreads among models highlight the need to improve aerosol processes in models, and evaluate and constrain models with observations.
A Comprehensive Approach for Transient Performance of Grounding System in the Time Domain

It is important to identify the impulse performance of the grounding system for lightning protection. However, the performance is nonlinear and dynamic under impulse condition. The electrical parameters of the grounding system are not only frequency dependent, but are also time dependent. Moreover, the mutual couplings between the grounding conductors cannot be ignored. Based on the hybrid electromagnetic method and vector fitting, a time-domain approach for the transient performance of the grounding system is developed. All the aforementioned phenomena can be covered in this method. Meanwhile, the sudden change of the parameters resulting from the soil ionization is also successfully dealt with in this paper. Compared with previous study results and field tests, the method proves to be reliable and effective.
Psychophysiologic Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Tinnitus seems to be associated with psychophysiological over-activation (e.g., of head and shoulder muscles). Therefore we aimed to develop and evaluate a new intervention program including a psychophysiological approach. Methods: Forty-three tinnitus sufferers were randomized to 2 groups, one receiving a psychophysiologically oriented intervention lasting 7 intervention sessions (plus 2 assessment sessions), whereas the other group waited for a comparable time period. Afterward, patients on the waiting list also received the intervention. Physiological variables were muscle activity of head and shoulders and electrodermal activity. Psychological assessments took place at pretreatment, post-treatment, and 6 months later. Follow-up data were available from 95% of participants. Major outcome variables were self-rating scales (e.g., tinnitus annoyance assessed by the Tinnitus Questionnaire), and diary data (self-control, daily time of perceiving the tinnitus). Results: On most tinnitus specific variables, patients in the treatment group improved significantly more than patients on the waiting list. Main effect sizes for tinnitus-specific variables were up to 0.89. Muscle reactivity of head muscles at the beginning predicted significant treatment effects. Conclusion: Compared with meta-analytical reviews of psychological interventions for tinnitus sufferers, the presented treatment is brief and in the upper range of effectiveness. ES = effect size; GSI = General Symptomatic Index (mean score of Brief Symptom Inventory); IG = intervention group; MG = merged group; SCL-90R = symptom check list; TQ = Tinnitus Questionnaire; WLG = waiting list group.
Multiple Pools of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Detected Using the Pleckstrin Homology Domain of Osh2p*

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphate (PtdInsP) lipids are used as intracellular signposts for the recruitment and activation of peripheral membrane proteins. Whereas the distribution of most PtdInsPs is restricted to a single organelle, PtdIns(4)P is unique in that it exists in several discrete pools, and so proteins that bind PtdIns(4)P must use extra receptors to achieve a restricted localization. Here we compare the two highly related pleckstrin homology (PH) domains from Osh1p and Osh2p, yeast homologues of oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), that target membranes using PtdIns(4)P, and in vitro bind both PtdIns(4)P and PtdIns(4,5)P2. We show that Golgi targeting is specified by an additional site on PHOsh1, which lies on a face of the domain not previously known to interact with receptors. In contrast, PHOsh2 does not have a demonstrable second site, and targets multiple pools of PtdInsPs, each dependent on a different PtdIns 4-kinase. This lack of a second site in PHOsh2 allows it to be used as an unbiased reporter for altered distribution of 4-phosphorylated PtdIns. For example, in cells with excess PtdIns(4)P caused by inactivation of the phosphatase Sac1p, PHOsh2 indicates that PtdIns(4)P accumulates on the plasma membrane, whereas other Golgi-targeted PH domains fail to detect this change.
Increased Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene Expression in the Brains of Cocaine‐Related Fatalities may be Reflective of Postdrug Survival and Intervention rather than Excited Delirium

Abstract: Cocaine‐related fatalities can pose forensic challenges, particularly when accompanied by excited delirium (ED) syndrome and interventions by law enforcement and medical personnel. A recent report concluded that elevated heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in autopsy brain samples constitutes a reliable forensic biomarker for the identification of ED as a cause of death. The present study quantified the abundance of both HSPA1A and HSPA1B gene (HSP70‐encoding) transcripts in midbrain specimens from a series of cocaine‐related fatalities and matched drug‐free control subjects. HSP70 expression was increased significantly in cocaine abusers as a group compared to control subjects, irrespective of the presence or absence of ED. Furthermore, elevated HSP70 expression was predictive of a period of survival between cocaine use and death that included medical and/or police intervention. The present data do not support the assertion that HSP70 expression is a reliable brain biomarker for identifying ED as a cause of death.