Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parametric Acoustic Transmitting Arrays

A numerical solution of Westervelt's inhomogeneous wave equation is obtained to describe the pressure field of sum and difference frequency radiations created by the nonlinear interaction of two monochromatic carriers in the farfield of a circular piston source. Experimental results are presented on the propagation and beam patterns of sum and difference frequency radiations resulting from the interaction of 418‐ and 482‐kHz carriers emitted by a 3‐in. ‐diam piston located in a fresh water lake. These results support the numerical methods. Several approximations commonly made to obtain dosed‐form solutions are then evaluated with the numerical solution.
Mathematical Model on Thin Layer Drying of Finger Millet (Eluesine coracana)

Thin layer drying characteristics of the finger millet (Eluesine coracana) samples with an Initial Moisture Content (IMC) of 38.5%, on dry basis (db) were studied. The drying experiments were carried out in a conventional tray dryer at temperatures of 50, 70 and 80oC. The drying data were fitted to nine thin layer models and a thin layer model for the finger millet was developed by regressing the coefficients of the best fit. The logarithmic model was found to satisfactorily describe the drying kinetics of the millet. The drying constants were found to vary linearly with temperature. Also, effective diffusivity was evaluated by using Fick's law, which varied from 1.526x10G 10 to 2.85x10G 10 m 2 /s. Temperature dependence of diffusivity was found by Arrhenius type of relationship and the activation energy for the diffusion of the moisture associated with the millet was found to be 35.37 kJ/gmol.
A quantitative rigidity result for the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition in the geometrically linear theory with interfacial energy

We are interested in the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition in a shape memory alloy. We consider geometrically linear elasticity. In this framework, Dolzmann and Müller have shown that the only stress-free configurations are (locally) twins (i.e. laminates of just two of the three martensitic variants). However, configurations with arbitrarily small elastic energy are not necessarily close to these twins. The formation of a microstructure allows all three martensitic variants to be mixed at arbitrary volume fractions. We take an interfacial energy into account and establish a (local) lower bound on elastic plus interfacial energy in terms of the martensitic volume fractions. The introduction of an interfacial energy introduces a length scale and, thus, together with the linear dimensions of the sample, a non-dimensional parameter. Our lower Ansatz-free bound has optimal scaling in this parameter. It is the scaling predicted by a reduced model introduced and analysed by Kohn and Müller with the purpose of describing the microstructure near an interface between austenite and twinned martensite. The optimal construction features branching of the martensitic twins when approaching this interface.
Thermal stability of Mo/Si multilayers

The thermal stability of Mo/Si multilayers for x-ray mirror applications was investigated by annealing studies at relatively low temperatures for various times. The as-deposited and annealed multilayers were examined using conventional small and large angle x-ray diffraction, normal incidence x-ray reflectance measurements using a synchrotron source, selected area electron diffraction, and high-resolution electron microscopy. The as-deposited structure consists of pure layers of crystalline Mo and amorphous Si separated by thin regions of amorphous Mo-Si. At temperatures between 200 - 400 degree(s)C the amorphous Mo-Si interlayers grow and hexagonal MoSi2 forms by a thermally activated process(es) and the bilayer spacing and x-ray reflectivity decrease. A determination of the effective activation energy of the process(es) suggests long-term stability at the mirror operating temperature, although additional low temperature testing is warranted.
On the dilution of information

In this study the effect of number of countries included in an analysis on the estimated genetic correlations among countries was examined. National genetic evaluation results submitted to the Interbull Centre for the test evaluation of female fertility traits in September 2007 were used. Results indicate that higher number of countries has a small (negligible) negative effect on the correlations among strongly connected countries, but a large positive effect on the correlations among weakly connected countries. ___________________________________________________________________________
Controls on biogenic silica burial in the Southern Ocean

Understanding the controls on opal export in the Southern Ocean can inform both the prediction of how the leakage of silicic acid from the Southern Ocean responds to climate and the interpretation of paleo‐proxies. We have compiled a database of 185 230Thorium‐normalized opal burial rates and 493 opal concentration measurements in Southern Ocean sediments and matched these with environmental climatologies. By subdividing the Southern Ocean on the basis of oceanographic regions and interpolating the opal burial rates, we estimate a total biogenic Si burial south of 40°S of 2.3 ± 1.0 Tmol Si yr−1. In both the seasonally ice‐covered and permanently ice‐free regions we can explain 73% of opal burial variability from surface ocean properties. Where sea ice is present for at least part of the year, the length of the ice‐free season determines the upper limit of opal burial in the underlying sediments. In the ice‐free regions of the Southern Ocean, the supply of silicic acid through winter mixing is the most important factor. Our results do not support a strong role of iron in controlling opal burial. We do however find that satellite‐derived net primary production increases with increasing (modeled) dust delivery. These findings support the decoupling between carbon and opal fluxes in the Southern Ocean. When corrected for opal dissolution, the observed opal fluxes are in reasonable agreement with fluxes simulated using an ocean biogeochemical model. However, the results suggest current preservation algorithms for opal could be improved by incorporating the composition of particle flux, not only its magnitude.
The Retrieval of Cloud Structure Maps in the Equatorial Region of Jupiter Using a Principal Component Analysis of Galileo/NIMS Data

Abstract The cloud structure of the jovian atmosphere at pressures less than 2 bars has previously been estimated using near-infrared observations such as those by both the Solid State Imager (SSI) and Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) instruments on board the Galileo spacecraft. Unfortunately, complete near-infrared spectra, such as those measured by NIMS, take a long time to be analyzed with multiple-scattering radiative transfer models and thus it has until now been rather difficult to use these data to produce wide-area cloud maps. In this paper we show how principal component analysis may be employed to isolate a small number of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) from spectra of Jupiter made by Galileo/NIMS. These EOFs may be used to represent the variance of real NIMS spectra to a high degree of accuracy and with good noise and “drop-out” discrimination. Because of this, a small set of representative spectra may then be calculated using these EOFs and input into a retrieval model that generates a table of fitted cloud profiles for each case. This approach avoids the long times required for analyzing a large number of spectra with full multiple-scattering radiative transfer models and allows us to represent the variability of the 3000 spectra contained in the observations of the North Equatorial Belt (NEB) used in this study with only 75 representative spectra. The cloud structures fitted to these representative spectra were interpolated for the spectra found at individual locations in the measured NIMS data set to produce maps of cloud opacity and mean particle size. We find that the dominant opacity variation, anticorrelated with 5-μm brightness, exists in the 1–2 bar pressure range. The distribution of the cloud at 0.72 bars is mapped and found to be more zonally diffuse than the lower clouds. We find at least one 2000-km-sized deep convective cloud in the NEB vertically extending to all the pressure levels that can be sensed by NIMS.
Winter Weather Forecasting throughout the Eastern United States. Part I: An Overview

Abstract The complex combination of synoptic- and mesoscale interactions topographic influences, and large population densities poses a multitude of challenging problems to winter weather forecasters throughout the eastern United States. Over the years, much has been learned about the structure, evolution, and attendant precipitation within winter storms. As a result, numerous operational procedures, forecast applications, and objective techniques have been developed at National Weather Service offices to assess the potential for hazardous winter weather. An overview of the challenge of forecasting winter weather in the eastern United States is presented, including a historical review of several legendary winter storms, from the Blizzard of 1888 to the Halloween Nor'easter of 1991. The synoptic-scale features associated with East Coast winter storms are described. The mesoscale nature of many eastern winter weather events is illustrated through an examination of the Veterans' Day Snowstorm of 11 November .
Flux pinning in superconducting 123 materials

Mechanisms, features, and properties of strong flux pinning in superconducting 123 materials are reviewed. These include pinning by nonsuperconducting particles of 211 or 422 phase, regions with lower critical temperature (Tc) such as a region where Ba sites are substituted for with light rare-earth elements and an oxygen-deficient region, and radiation-induced columnar defects. In particular, the pinning by lower-Tc regions which seem to be associated with the well-known pronounced peak effect are focused upon. It is speculated that these regions work as strong repulsive pinning centres resulting from the kinetic energy of the order parameter under a significant proximity effect. This pinning mechanism is different from the usual attractive condensation energy interaction which occurs in 211 or 422 particles. A discussion will be given on the mechanism which brings about the peak effect. General guiding principles for the improvement of the flux pinning property will also be discussed.
Lifetimes of Levels in C II and C III, Derived from Beam-Foil Experiments and Extensive Cascade Analyses

Using the beam-foil excitation technique and the ANDC method for cascade corrections, we have determined lifetimes of the 2s2p2 2S, 2s2ns 2S (n = 3, 4, 5), 2s2p2 2P, 2s2np 2P0 (n = 3, 4), and 2p3 2P0 terms in C II and the 2s2p 1P0 level in C III. The new experimental lifetimes are in very good agreement with the results of recent theoretical calculations.
Numerical algorithms for the FDiTD and FDFD simulation of slowly varying electromagnetic fields

The simulation of slowly varying electromagnetic fields is possible for very large, realistic problems with finite-difference implicit time-domain (FDiTD) and frequency-domain (FDFD) formulations on the basis of the consistent Finite-Integration Technique (FIT). Magneto-quasistatic time-domain formulations combined with implicit time marching schemes require the repeated solution of real-valued symmetric systems. The solution of driven frequency domain problems usually consists in the solution of one non-Hermitean system. Preconditioned conjugate gradient-type methods are well-suited for this task. They allow the efficient solution even for consistent singular or near-singular systems, which typically arise from formulations for slowly varying electromagnetic fields using the Maxwell-Grid-Equations of the FI-Method. Numerical results for TEAM workshop 11 benchmark problem and for a large practical problem, a shading ring sensor, show that the presented algorithms are capable of solving realistic problems for large numbers of unknowns in acceptable calculation times on contemporary medium sized workstations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher monotonicity properties of certain Sturm-Liouville functions

The Sturm-Liouville functions considered in this instalment are real (as are all other quantities discussed here) non-trivial solutions of the differential equation 1.1 Higher monotonicity properties, as defined in § 2, are investigated for a number of sequences (finite or infinite) associated with these functions. One such sequence, discussed in detail later, has the kth term 1.2 where the constant X > — 1 (to assure convergence of each integral), W(x) possesses higher monotonicity properties and, moreover, is such that, again, each integral converges, and X1, X2, … is a sequence (finite or infinite) of consecutive zeros of a solution of (1.1), which may or may not be linearly independent of y(x), in the interval of definition of the functions under consideration.
Multifrequency windows on spiral galaxies. I - UBV and H-alpha aperture photometry

UBV and Hα aperture photometry of 78 galaxies in the Coma and Hercules superclusters and in the Cancer cluster are presented. These data are analyzed in conjunction with available measurements forming a sample composed by a variety of environments and spiral types which, although not complete, contains most of the disk galaxies in these regions previously detected in the radio continuum and many objects detected in the far-infrared by IRAS. The optical information provides an estimate of the stellar content and star formation rate. The data are consistent with the idea that young, high-mass stars are responsible for the dust heating in galaxies with hot far-infrared colors, but in cooler galaxies the contribution from the general stellar field cannot be ruled out. The existence of strong correlation between the nonthermal radio continuum and thermal far-infrared fluxes is confirmed.
Organizational and psychological features of successful democratic enterprises: A systematic review of qualitative research

In organizational psychology the positive effects of democratically structured enterprises on their employees are well documented. However, the longstanding viability as well as economic success of democratic enterprises in a capitalistic market environment has long been contested. For instance, this has given rise to widespread endorsement of the “degeneration thesis” and the so-called “iron law of oligarchy”. By reviewing 77 qualitative studies that examined 83 democratic enterprises (including 15 studies on nine enterprises of the Mondragon Cooperative Cooperation network) within the last 50 years, the present systematic review provides evidence that such enterprises are able to economically survive and prosper. The majority of studied enterprises (63.5%) either resisted pressures toward degeneration or subsequently regenerated after undergoing degenerative processes. Only 9.5% fully degenerated in accordance with the degeneration thesis and the “iron law of oligarchy”, while 27.0% of the democratic enterprises showed diverse and mixed forms of degeneration tendencies, indicating that the notion of an “iron law” needs to be revised. Within the nine investigated cases of Mondragon not one single enterprise or group fully degenerated. Three cases showed degenerative tendencies, another three one degeneration tendencies and simultaneously regeneration, one case fully resisted degeneration tendencies (retention) and two cases regenerated. Further, this systematic review provides an overview of organizational and external conditions, non-/democratic or non-/participative practices and psychological phenomena that contribute to the degeneration, regeneration, or resistance to degeneration (i.e., retention). The described examples of such practices may help practitioners to implement and maintain democratic structures and processes in contemporary organizations.
Reaction mechanism of atomic layer deposition of zirconium oxide using zirconium precursors bearing amino ligands and water

As a unique nanofabrication technology, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been widely used for the preparation of various materials in the fields of microelectronics, energy and catalysis. As a high-κ gate dielectric to replace SiO2, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has been prepared through the ALD method for microelectronic devices. In this work, through density functional theory calculations, the possible reaction pathways of ZrO2 ALD using tetrakis(dimethylamino)zirconium (TDMAZ) and water as the precursors were explored. The whole ZrO2 ALD reaction could be divided into two sequential reactions, TDMAZ and H2O reactions. In the TDMAZ reaction on the hydroxylated surface, the dimethylamino group of TDMAZ could be directly eliminated by substitution and ligand exchange reactions with the hydroxyl group on the surface to form dimethylamine (HN(CH3)2). In the H2O reaction with the aminated surface, the reaction process is much more complex than the TDMAZ reaction. These reactions mainly include ligand exchange reactions between the dimethylamino group of TDMAZ and H2O and coupling reactions for the formation of the bridged products and the by-product of H2O or HN(CH3)2. These insights into surface reaction mechanism of ZrO2 ALD can provide theoretical guidance for the precursor design and improving ALD preparation of other oxides and zirconium compounds, which are based ALD reaction mechanism.
On the use of one point and two points singularity elements in the analysis of kinked cracks

A 3-noded triangular two singular points finite element is proposed to model two variable order singularities lying at close proximities as in the case of a kinked crack. The element meets the rigid body mode and the interelement compatibility of the convergence criteria. A degenerate form of the element is a one point variable order singularity element, which meets all the convergence requirements. A number of kinked crack problems have been analysed using the new element and its degenerate form. The computed results are compared with analytical solutions. The accuracy of the results is found to be good.
Biomethanogenesis Processes of Bird Droppings Mixtures with Substances Containing Lignin Under the Influence of Physical Fields

Based on experimental data, recommendations are proposed for intensifying the processes of biomethanogenesis of mixtures of bird droppings with substances containing lignin under the controlled action of thermal, magnetic and electric fields and mechanical vibrations for bioreactors of farms. The results of an electromagnetic field modeling in the bioreactor showed both electrical and mechanical effects on the mixture consisting of straw, bird droppings and laboratory inoculum. The conducted experimental studies confirmed the increase in the intensity of mixture processing and a significant increase in the lag phase of the process, a decrease in the cumulative indicators of the biogas and methane output in comparison with the reactor, in which there was no low-frequency electromagnetic field. Experimental confirmation of the favorable effect of the magnetic field on the activity of methane bacteria under the influence of a static magnetic field and a magnetodynamic field at frequency 2 Hz and continuous stirring has been obtained. In addition, the optimal composition of the mixture was determined, which leads to an increase in the biogas yield.
Le travail à coeur, pour en finir avec les risques psycho-sociaux

Le Cereq organise une rencontre debat avec Yves Clot autour de son ouvrage "Le travail a coeur, pour en finir avec les risques psycho-sociaux", a Marseille, le 30 mai 2012. Suicides en serie sur le lieu de travail, « epidemie » de troubles musculo-squelettiques, explosion des pathologies professionnelles. Une realite trop longtemps occultee occupe desormais la scene publique francaise. Devant l'ampleur des « maladies du travail », tout est secoue : entreprises, Etat, institutions, chercheur.
Adaptive control of underactuated planar pronking

Underactuated legged robots depict highly nonlinear and complex dynamical behaviors that create significant challenges in accurately modeling system dynamics using both first principles and system identification approaches. Hence, the design of stabilizing controllers becomes more challenging due to inaccurate modeling. Suppose physical parameters on mathematical models have miscalibrations due to uncertainty in identifying and modeling processes. In that case, designed controllers could perform poorly or even result in unstable responses. Moreover, these parameters can change over time due to operation and environmental conditions. In that respect, analogous to a living organism modifying its behavior in response to novel conditions, adapting/updating system parameters, such as spring constant to compensate for modeling errors, could provide the advantage of constructing a stable gait level controller without needing “exact” dynamical parameter values. This paper presents an online, model-based adaptive control approach for an underactuated planar hexapod robot's pronking behavior adopted from antelope species. We show through systematic simulation studies that the adaptive control policy is robust to high levels of parameter uncertainties compared to a non-adaptive model-based dead-beat controller.
An examination of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for ectoparasites, on three not so distant fish farms with independent water supply in Eastern Serbia from March to November 1998, resulted in finding three ciliate (Chilodonella hexasticha, Ichthyophthirius

An examination of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for ectoparasites, on three not so distant fish farms with independent water supply in Eastern Serbia from March to November 1998, resulted in finding three ciliate (Chilodonella hexasticha, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Apiosoma piscicola var. minor), one trematode (Gyrodactylus sp.) and one mould (Saprolegnia sp.) species, making a total of five parasite species. The Chilodonella hexasticha was recorded only on one of the farms, being in the highest extensity in May. This appeared to be the most prominent occurrence in the independent pattern of infestation dynamics of other parasites (Apiosoma, Gyrodactylus, Saprolegnia) recorded on that fish farm, as derived by Correspondence Analysis. The Friedman ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in extensity of occurrence of different parasites through the season, due to the significantly greater infestation with Gyrodactilus and significantly lower extensity of infestation with Saprolegnia.
Tsakaneli Stavroula

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects approximately 2.8 million persons globally. While there is currently no cure for this neurodegenerative disease, MS has become a highly manageable disease through treatment options like disease-modifying medications, that can help to control the symptoms and slow disease progression. Among them, interferon beta (IFNβ) therapy is a first-line treatment for MS but has shown to be only partially effective. Thus, it is important to identify biomarkers that aid in early identification of IFNβ responders. In this study, based on gene expression profiles from untreated and interferon treated patients from a publicly available dataset, we performed differential expression analysis and Pigengene network association (weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and Bayesian networks modeling) in order to construct a high-confidence protein-protein (PPI) interaction network. Subsequently, aiming to find the most significant clustering modules and hub genes, we applied a number of topological analysis methods (cytoHubba plugin) followed by MCODE clustering algorithm. Our approach resulted in highly connected hub genes generating a reliable 21-hubgene signature that could predict the response of interferon beta (IFNβ) therapy in patients with MS. The 21-hub-gene signature showed high classification performance (Accuracy = 91,49%, Sensitivity = 94.55%, Specificity = 87.15%) demonstrating potential clinical benefit.