Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of glucose and fructose ingestion on the capacity for long-term exercise in well-trained men.

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of glucose and fructose ingestion on the capacity to perform prolonged heavy exercise. Eight well-trained healthy volunteers exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 68 +/- 3% of their VO2 max until exhaustion, on three occasions, with 8-day intervals. During the exercise they ingested either glucose (250 ml, 7%), fructose (250 ml, 7%) or water (250 ml) every 20 min in a double-blind randomized study design. Arterial blood samples were collected at rest and during exercise for the determination of substrates and hormones. Muscle glycogen content (m. quadriceps femoris) was measured before and after exercise. The duration of exercise lengthened with repeated exercise (3rd test: 136 +/- 13 min v. 1st test: 110 +/- 12 min, P less than 0.01). Corrected for the sequence effect, total work time until exhaustion was significantly longer with glucose (137 +/- 13 min) than with either fructose (114 +/- 12 min) or water (116 +/- 13 min) (both P less than 0.01). When glucose or fructose was ingested, the arterial plasma glucose concentration was maintained at the normoglycaemic level; with water ingestion, plasma glucose values fell during exercise in seven subjects and remained at the resting level in the eighth subject. The muscle glycogen concentration was 467 +/- 29 mmol kg d.w. -1 at rest and fell to approximately half the initial value at exhaustion. In the subgroup of seven subjects in whom glucose values decreased with water intake, the mean rate of glycogen degradation was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) with the ingestion of glucose (1.3 +/- 0.4 mmol kg d.w.-1 min-1) as compared to fructose (2.1 +/- 0.5 mmol kg d.w.-1 min-1) or water (2.3 +/- 0.5 mmol kg d.w.-1 min-1). Intermittent glucose ingestion (3 X 17.5 g h-1) during prolonged, heavy bicycle exercise postpones exhaustion and exerts a glycogen-conserving effect in the working muscles. In contrast, fructose ingestion during exercise maintains the glucose concentration at the basal level but fails to influence either muscle glycogen degradation or endurance performance.
Risk Mitigation for Rice Production Through Agricultural Insurance: Farmer’s Perspectives

Rice farming is susceptible to failure due to several risks including natural disasters of flood and drought as well as pest and disease attacks. Risk mitigation such as agricultural insurance is required to cope with the risks. This study aims to portray rice production risks to failure and farmer’s perception on the implementation of agricultural insurance in Bali province. Three regencies were selected purposively based on the area insured. A survey was conducted to 180 respondents who paid for the agricultural insurance (AUTP). Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis and chi-square test. Results of the research show that most rice farming risks to failure in Bali were blast and rat attacks. In terms of agricultural insurance implementation, all farmers accept the program as a mitigation risk to bridge rice farming failure. However, most farmers (85 %) asked for fully support of premium subsidy from the government while the rest agreed to pay for a-20 % of the premium. The result from the Chi-square test shows insignificant, implying that the distribution of farmers’ perception towards full subsidy of agricultural insurance is indifferent across locations. Implication of the study noted that the government and insurer need to socialize the agricultural insurance program more intensively covering premium payment, coverage and claiming. Keywords: production risk, agricultural insurance, farmer’s perception, AUTP, Chi-square
The Hidden Role of Piped Water in the Prevention of Obesity in Developing Countries. Experimental and Non-Experimental Evidence

Child obesity in developing countries is growing at an alarming pace. This study investigates whether expanding access to piped water at home can contribute to stopping this epidemic. It exploits experimental data from Morocco and longitudinal data from the Philippines and finds that access to piped water at home reduces childhood BMI and overweight rates. This study further shows that the effect seems to be generated by a reduction in the consumption of food prepared outside the home. Finally, the study suggests that the effect of access to piped water on healthy nutritional status is hidden, when access to piped water at home reduces diarrhea prevalence since this, in turn, increases BMI.
Physical and Psychological Correlates of Functioning in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

We studied the contribution of coping and illness perceptions to outcome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a longitudinal study, 64 patients completed the Medical Outcomes Study Instrument and the Illness Perception Questionnaire. Data on coping and severity of illness (spirometry) were also collected. Regression analyses showed that first-time illness perceptions and coping significantly contributed to the prediction of social functioning, mental health, health perceptions, total functioning score, and prediction of visits to the outpatient clinic and prescribed medication 1 year later. These results have important implications for the medical management of patients with COPD.
Serologic typing of Nocardia asteroides by immunodiffusion.

Fifty strains of Nocardia asteroides and 16 strains of related organisms were typed serologically by using a gel diffusion precipitin test and soluble extracellular antigens derived from neopeptone dialysate fluid medium. Four antigenic types (I, II, III, and IV) of Nocardia asteroides were delineated. Type I, II, and III antigens were mutually exclusive and confined to Nocardia asteroides strains. Type IV antigen occurred singly or in combination with type II or III; it occurred in Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia caviae, and Nocardia rubra as well as in Nocardia asteroides. Additional species-related antigens were found in limited numbers of Nocardia caviae, Nocardia rubra, and Mycobacterium fortuitum. An antigen associated with Streptomyces species was found also in a number of strains of Nocardia asteroides of types II, III, and IV, in strains of Nocardia brasiliensis, and in strains of Streptomyces-like Nocardia. The antigenic types were compared for biochemical and physiologic characteristics; no com.
Immunocytochemical study of choline acetyltransferase in Drosophila melanogaster: An analysis of cis‐regulatory regions controlling expression in the brain of cDNA‐transformed flies

We have analyzed the cis‐regulatory regions in the 5′ flanking DNA of the Drosophila melanogaster choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; E.C. 2.3.1.6) gene by using germline transformants. These transformants are carrying wild‐type ChAT cDNA fused to different lengths of 5′ flanking sequence of the ChAT gene. Appropriate genetic crosses were used to introduce the transgene into animals with a presumptive null genetic background for endogenous ChAT. Expression of ChAT protein could thus be attributed exclusively to the transgene. Using a monoclonal antibody against Drosophila ChAT, we have investigated the spatial distribution of transgenic ChAT and compared it to the normal distribution of ChAT protein in wild‐type animals. The brains of 7.4 kb cDNA transformants showed a ChAT expression pattern similar to that of wild‐type anin in the first‐ and second‐order sensory neuropil but reduced expression in other highly ordered neuropil. Several lines that were transformed with 1.2 kb or 0.8 kb of 5′ flanking DNA demonstrated relatively normal expression in sensory neuropil. In addition, these lines also showed ectopic expression in higher order neuropil. In the optic lobe, the expression pattern directed by 7.4 kb of 5′ flanking DNA was very similar to that of wild‐type ChAT expression. In contrast, 1.2 kb or 0.8 kb transformants showed reduced levels of expression and a more limited pattern of distribution in the optic lobe. Our results suggest that the 5′ flanking DNA of the ChAT gene can be divided into several separable positive and negative regulatory regions, which define various subsets of cholinergic neurons in the nervous system. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creativity as Predictor of Mathematical Abilities in Fourth Graders in Addition to Number Sense and Working Memory

In this study, it was investigated how domain-specific (number sense) and domain-general (working memory, creativity) factors explain the variance in mathematical abilities in primary school children. A total of 166 children aged 8 to 10 years old participated. Several tests to measure math ability, mathematical creativity, number sense, verbal and visual spatial working memory and creativity were administered. Data were analyzed with a series of correlation and regression analyses. Number sense, working memory and creativity were all found to be important predictors of academic and creative mathematical ability. Furthermore, groups with math learning disabilities (MLD) and mathematical giftedness (MG) were compared to a typically developing (TD) group. The results show that the MLD group scored lower on number line estimation and visual spatial working memory than the TD group, while the MG group differed from the TD group on visual spatial working memory and creativity. It is concluded that creativity plays a significant role in mathematics, above working memory and number sense.
Description of compensatory gyrA mutations restoring fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES Resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is mainly due to mutations in DNA gyrase (GyrA2B2), with the most common substitutions located at positions 90 and 94 in GyrA. Two clinical MDR Mtb (MDR-TB) strains harbouring an A90E or D94N substitution in GyrA were found to be surprisingly susceptible to FQs (ofloxacin MIC ≤2 mg/L). We studied the impact of the additional GyrA substitutions found in these strains (T80A and T80A + A90G, respectively) on FQ susceptibility. METHODS Mutants of interest were generated by site-specific mutagenesis of GyrA alleles. WT and mutant TB DNA gyrase subunits were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified, and the in vitro susceptibility to FQs of their DNA supercoiling reaction was studied. RESULTS IC50s of mutant gyrase complexes bearing GyrA D94N and A90E were 3- to 36-fold higher than WT IC50s, whereas IC50s of gyrase bearing T80A + A90G + D94N and T80A + A90E were close to the WT IC50s. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that substitutions T80A and A90G restore FQ susceptibility when associated with a substitution implicated in high-level FQ resistance. Line probe assay misclassification of MDR-TB strains as pre-XDR or XDR can be corrected by sequence analysis of gyrA.
Examining Longhand vs. Laptop Debate: Evidence from a Replication

There is a considerable controversy regarding technology in the classroom, with some studies arguing the benefits of technology in the classroom and others suggesting that a technology free environment is superior. In an effort to address this controversy, Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted three different experiments to determine whether typing notes on a laptop or handwriting notes in a notebook impacted academic performance. This research replicated the first of these experiments in a classroom environment as opposed to a lab environment. The original study found that students who did not use laptops for note-taking in class performed better on conceptual application questions, which was not significantly confirmed in our study. However, our findings did support the original study when looking at the content analysis of student notes. Our updated findings suggest there is more work to do to understand the longhand versus laptop debate.
Absorbing boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of waves

In practical calculations, it is often essential to introduce artificial boundaries to limit the area of computation. Here we develop a systematic method for obtaining a hierarchy of local boundary conditions at these artifical boundaries. These boundary conditions not only guarantee stable difference approximations, but also minimize the (unphysical) artificial reflections that occur at the boundaries.
Chronic neuropathy with IgM anti-ganglioside antibodies: Lack of long term response to rituximab

Two patients with chronic motor neuropathy, high antiganglioside antibody (AGA) titers, and a declining response to IV immunoglobulins were treated with rituximab at a standard dose. The drug was well tolerated and effectively eliminated peripheral B cells (CD20+), but AGA titers continued significantly high. No clinical improvement was detected during the 1-year follow-up.
Does Service Quality Matters in the Context of Internet Banking? A Perceptual Analysis of India’s Internet Banking Customer’s Perception Regarding Service Quality, Trust, Satisfaction and Loyalty

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the various Internet banking service quality factors and how these certain antecedents influencing the customer’s trust, satisfaction and loyalty. Research Methodology: A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed among B2C Internet banking customers in India and 133 were returned resulting 66.5% response rate. The implication of Internet banking service quality on customer’s trust, satisfaction and loyalty was examined. The study’s conceptual model and hypothesis were tested using SPSS19. Findings: The results proved that the all four antecedents of Internet banking service quality are distinct construct. They all have appropriate reliability and each construct influences online customers trust, their satisfaction level and help in building a loyal customer base. The efficiency of banking website is important construct of Internet banking service quality. The study confirms that the impact of e-satisfaction is more on e-loyalty than e-trust and e-satisfaction drives e-trust also. Research Implication Limitation- The sample size is not large enough, so the results should be interpreted with caution as regards to generalization of research finding of Indian consumer as a whole because sample is collected from some part of Punjab and Chandigarh. Future Work- Future research needs to focus on a larger cross section of internet users and more diversified random samples to verify findings of current study. Focus can be made regarding the comparative studies with other states or other developed / developing countries in order to find out whether effect of individual service quality factor influencing adoption of Internet banking in competitive mix may be more/less in other markets, and whether effect of customer satisfaction and trust on loyalty may be more or less. Moreover, research could be enhanced by expanding current model and cultural factors could be investigated to add further depth as India, a multi-cultural country. Practical Implication: This paper can help in fostering growth of Indian online banking in the future as these can be used as guidelines for financial service sector companies who want to enter into click-to-click in Indian market or want to have a long lasting customer relationship. Banks should focus their efforts on website service quality which will help in long lasting relation with the customer. This area needs more attention from banks / financial service sector, so that required added facilities can be attached to website for having competitive advantage. Originality: This is the first time that such an exhaustive study has been carried out based on Punjab and Chandigarh bank customers. It gives a perspective on how certain Internet banking service quality affect customer’s satisfaction, trust and loyalty and to check whether e-satisfaction drives e-trust.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Strains Reveals Diversity Due to Genomic Elements Similar to Those Present in C. jejuni Strain RM1221

ABSTRACT Analysis of the complete genomic sequence of Campylobacter jejuni strain RM1221 identified four large genomic elements, Campylobacter jejuni-integrated elements (CJIEs), that were absent from C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168. To further investigate the genomic diversity of Campylobacter, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis from a collection of 67 C. jejuni and 12 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from various geographical locations and clinical and veterinary sources. Utilizing PCR, we demonstrated that 55% of the C. jejuni strains examined were positive for at least one RM1221-like genomic element and 27% were positive for two or more of these CJIEs. Furthermore, many C. coli strains were positive for either genomic element CJIE1 or CJIE3. To simultaneously assess for the presence or absence of several genes that comprise the various CJIEs, we developed a multistrain C. jejuni DNA microarray that contained most of the putative coding sequences for strains NCTC 11168 and RM1221. A comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of 35 of the 67 C. jejuni strains confirmed the presence of genomic elements similar to those in strain RM1221. Interestingly, the DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that these genomic elements in the other C. jejuni strains often exhibited modular patterns with some regions of the CJIEs present and other regions either absent or highly divergent compared to strain RM1221. Our CGH method also identified 18 other intraspecies hypervariable regions, such as the capsule and lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis regions. Thus, the inclusion of genes from these integrated genomic elements and the genes from the other intraspecies hypervariable regions contributes to a better assessment of the diversity in C. jejuni and may increase the usefulness of DNA microarrays as an epidemiological genotyping tool. Finally, we also showed that in CJIE1, a Campylobacter Mu-like phage, is located differentially in other strains of C. jejuni, suggesting that it may integrate essentially randomly.
Recent Findings on the Role of White Matter Pathology in Bipolar Disorder

AbstractPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) experience difficulties in information processing and in the cognitive control of emotions. Mood-congruent biases, which parallel illness episodes, find a neural correlate in abnormal reactivity to stimuli in specific brain regions, and in disrupted functional connectivity among brain areas pertaining to corticolimbic circuitries. It is suggested that a reduced integrity of white matter tracts could underpin dysfunctions in networks implicated in the generation and control of affect. Recent studies using diffusion tensor imaging techniques found that (1) independent of drug treatment, patients with BD show widespread signs of disrupted white matter microstructure, suggesting significant demyelination/dysmyelination without axonal loss, and (2) effective long-term treatment with lithium is associated with increased axial connectivity, proportional to the duration of treatment. These findings suggest that changes of white matter microstructure in specific brain networks could parallel disrupted neural connectivity during illness episodes in BD and that these changes might play a major role in the mechanistic explanation of the biological underpinnings of BD psychopathology.
Anticipated versus actual emotional reactions to disclosure of results of genetic tests for cancer susceptibility: findings from p53 and BRCA1 testing programs.

PURPOSE We examined the ability of individuals undergoing genetic testing for cancer susceptibility in two structured research protocols to accurately anticipate emotional reactions to disclosure of their test result. We explored whether accuracy of emotional anticipation was associated with postdisclosure psychologic adjustment. METHODS Data from 65 individuals were analyzed; 24 members of Li-Fraumeni cancer syndrome families were tested for p53 mutations (all 24 were unaffected), and 41 subjects with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility were tested for BRCA1 mutations (34 were unaffected and seven were affected). Subjects were from families in which a germline mutation had been previously identified. At the pretest session, subjects rated the extent to which they anticipated feeling each of six emotional states (relief, happiness, sadness, guilt, anger, and worry) after disclosure that they did or did not carry the familial mutation. After receiving their test result, they rated their feelings on the same scale of emotions for the appropriate condition. Extent of accuracy and association with psychologic distress at 6 months, as assessed with standardized measures, were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, mean levels of emotional reactions after receiving test results were not different from those anticipated before result disclosure. However, affected BRCA1 carriers experienced higher levels of anger and worry than they had anticipated. Underestimation of subsequent distress emotions related to test result was associated with a significant increase in general psychologic distress at 6 months. CONCLUSION Unaffected individuals in cancer-predisposition testing programs are generally accurate in anticipating emotional reactions to test results. However, cancer patients may underestimate their distress after disclosure of positive results and could benefit from intervention strategies.
Relativity of a Free Will Concept Depending on Both Conscious Indeterminism and Unconscious Determinism

Free will is difficult to classify with respect to determinism or indeterminism, and its phenomenology in consciousness often shows both aspects. Initially, it is felt as unlimited and indeterminate will power, with the potentiality of multiple choices. Thereafter, reductive deliberation is led by determinism to the final decision, which realises only one of the potential choices. The reductive deliberation phase tries to find out the best alternative and simultaneously satisfying vague motivations, contextual conditions and personal preferences. The essential sense of free will is the introduction of personal preferences, which allows a higher diversity of reactions to vague motivations. With an oversimplified model of determinism as a chain of events, incompatibilists define “free” as “undetermined” so that determinism becomes incompatible with any free choice between alternatives. In consciousness, free will requires a more complex model of network determinism as well as the consideration of unconsciousness as a causal factor. When “free” defined as “undetermined” is applied to the context of consciousness, it should be reinterpreted as “unconscious of being determined” or not aware of underlying determinism. Lacking information on determinism generates a feeling of “free” in consciousness and, therefore, gives the impression of indeterminism. Lacking information may be induced by an uncertain future without determined events—an unconscious past with biological reactions suddenly emerging from the unconsciousness or an unknown present unable to distinguish determinism of complex events. Therefore, at the level of human consciousness, the experience of free will is associated with apparent indeterminism although it is based on unconscious determinism. The concepts of compatibilism and incompatibilism are only two different aspects of the same phenomenon and correspond to consciousness and unconsciousness. Nevertheless, they can be considered together with a free will concept based on relativity depending on two different reference frames—the first person’s experience frame or the Laplace’s demon frame with knowledge on every molecule of the universe. Only relativity of the free will concept avoids the contradiction between “free” and “unfree” for the same phenomenon and could be a compromise for considering compatibilism and incompatibilism equally.