Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Characterization of the First Essential Two-Component Signal Transduction System from Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae

The yycFG two-component signal transduction system (TCSTS) has been shown to be essential to the viability of several gram-positive bacteria. However, the function of the gene pair remains unknown. Interestingly, while both components are essential to Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, only the response regulator (yycF) is essential to Streptococcus pneumoniae. To study this essential TCSTS further, the S. pneumoniae and S. aureus truncated YycG histidine kinase and full-length YycF response regulator proteins were characterized at a biochemical level. The recombinant proteins from both organisms were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The YycG autophosphorylation activities were activated by ammonium. The apparent Km (ATP) of S. aureus YycG autophosphorylation was 130 µM and S. pneumoniae was 3.0 µM. Each had similar kcat values of 0.036 and 0.024 min–1, respectively. Cognate phosphotransfer was also investigated indicating different levels of the phosphorylated YycG intermediates during the reaction. The S. pneumoniae YycG phosphorylated intermediate was not detectable in the presence of its cognate YycF, while phosphorylated S. aureus YycG and YycF were detected concurrently. In addition, noncognate phosphotransfer was demonstrated between the two species. These studies thoroughly compare the essential YycFG TCSTS from the two species at the biochemical level and also establish methods for assaying the activities of these antibacterial targets.
Behavioral Inhibition, Self-Regulation of Motivation, and Working Memory in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

We examined 3 aspects of Barkley's (1997) recent model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-behavioral inhibition, self-regulation of motivation, and working memory utilizing 152 elementary school children ages 7 to 12. Seventy-six children with ADHD and 76 children without a psychiatric diagnosis completed the stop-signal task, a computerized Digit Span Task requiring concurrent storage and processing, and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test during a 1-hr testing session. Parent and teacher ratings were also obtained on the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long Version (Conners, 1997), and the Conners Teacher Rating Scale-Revised: Long Version (Conners, 1997), respectively. Results indicated that children with ADHD had deficits in inhibitory control, working memory, and short-term memory relative to children without the disorder. Contrary to our prediction, the groups did not differ in their responsiveness to external reinforcement. In addition, children with and without ADHD had similar self-perceptions of their performances during the experimental session. Future directions for specifying childhood difficulties in inhibitory control and memory processes are discussed.
SERUM LEVELS OF 25‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D, 24,25‐DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D AND PARATHYROID HORMONE IN PATIENTS WITH FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE IN SOUTHERN FINLAND

Serum concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD), 24,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined in elderly patients with fracture of the femoral neck and in age‐matched controls during summer, winter and early spring in southern Finland. The expected seasonal variation in 25‐OHD values was observed in both patients and controls, though the patient group had significantly lower values during winter (P < 0.02) and spring (P < 0.01). The 24,25(OH)2D: 25‐OHD ratio remained constant in both patients and controls throughout the study. A significant negative correlation between PTH and 25‐OHD values was found in the patient group. Thus, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high incidence of femoral neck fractures in elderly people, and the increased PTH activity, observed in many patients with these fractures, is secondary to vitamin D deficiency.
Transformation and expression of Penicillium funicolusum glucose oxidase gene in yeast

Glucose oxidase is an important enzyme hydrolyzing for its hydrolyzing activity on glucos. It possesses and has a wide board of applications in different industries such as bakery, pharmaceutical, plant pathology and biosensors. In this study, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was transformed successfully by the glucose oxidase gene (gox) obtained from Penicillium funicolusum. The secreted glucose oxidase enzyme (GOX) by yeast transformants was characterized intra and extracellularly. The effect of different pH values, carbon sources and the duration of cultivation time on the gene expression were also studied in liquid and solid media. Results indicated that the produced enzyme had the maximum activity of 41and 38 U/ml for the intra and extracellular, respectively in pHs ranging between 4.5-5.5 at optimum temperature of 30°C after 3 days of yeast culture. Galactose was found to be the most efficient carbon source than the other sources and the maximum activity of target enzyme was observed at 1% (w/v) concentration of galactose. The presence of glucose in the culture media depressed the production of GOX. However, a high rate of growth of the yeast and the high yield of the target enzyme suggested its potential for application in the industry.
Activity of supplemental enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and growth performance of growing chickens as affected by pelleting temperature

Activity of supplemental enzymes in a barley‐soybean‐maize based diet at 60, 75 and 90°C pelleting temperatures was studied using feed viscosity, in‐vitro enzyme activity and broiler performance data. High pelleting temperatures increased feed viscosity but supplemented enzymes reduced the viscosity at all three temperatures levels by 11, 14 and 17%, respectively. Water intake and losses in excreta of birds were found to be affected by feed viscosity. Activity of cellulase enzyme, measured using the radial diffusion method, was unaffected at 60 and 75°C, but reduced by 73% in feed processed at 90°C. Enzymes increased the weight gain of broilers by 11.1% at 90°C, but no effect could be seen at low pelleting temperatures possibly due to high dietary protein and energy contents. Feed intake was unaffected by enzymes. Birds consumed 6% more feed and grew 9% faster when the pelleting temperature was increased from 60 to 75°C. Reduced feed intake and daily weight gain observed at 90° C could be fully compensated by the enzyme supplementation. High pelleting temperature reduced energy metabolizability (3.2%) and nitrogen utilization (4%) but enzyme almost compensated them (by 3.3% and 2.6%, respectively). No interaction could be detected between the pelleting temperatures and enzymes. It is concluded that pelleting temperatures as high as 90°C drastically reduce cellulase activity, energy and nitrogen utilization thus lowering broiler performance. Either the remaining activity of cellulase or other thermostable enzymes can prevent the losses.
Sequence diversity of the 60-kilodalton protein and of a putative 15-kilodalton protein between the trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis

DNA from Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L3, C, and E corresponding to the open reading frames of the 60-kDa protein and of a putative 15-kDa protein was sequenced. The open reading frames coding for the 60-kDa protein had 1,641 bp in the three serovars. Compared with the L3 serovar, there were 9 and 11 amino acid changes in the C and E serovars, respectively. The open reading frames corresponding to the putative 15-kDa protein had 450, 456, and 453 bp for the L3, C, and E serovars, respectively. When compared with the L3 serovar, the C and E serovars had 14 and 16 amino acid differences, respectively.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ELICITING THE BARORECEPTOR‐HEART RATE REFLEX IN CONSCIOUS RABBITS

1. Two methods were used for altering blood pressure in conscious rabbits by up to ± 30 mmHg from the resting level in order to characterize the barorecep‐tor‐heart rate reflex. These were to inflate descending aortic or inferior vena caval cuffs, or to give brief intravenous infusions of phenylephrine or glycerol trinitrate. The relation of change in blood pressure to change in heart interval was examined, both during the initial ‘ramp’ changes of these variables and when they had reached a ‘steady‐state'.
Gamma-ray bursts afterglows in magnetized stellar winds

Recent analytical and numerical work argue that successful relativistic Fermi acceleration requires a weak magnetization of the unshocked plasma, all the more so at high Lorentz factors. The present Letter tests this conclusion by computing the afterglow of a gamma-ray burst outflow propagating in a magnetized stellar wind using ‘ab initio’ principles regarding the microphysics of relativistic Fermi acceleration. It is shown that in magnetized environments, one expects a drop-out in the X-ray band on subday scales as the synchrotron emission of the shock-heated electrons exits the frequency band. At later times, Fermi acceleration becomes operative when the blast Lorentz factor drops below a certain critical value, leading to the recovery of the standard afterglow light curve. Interestingly, the observed drop-out bears resemblance with the fast decay found in gamma-ray bursts early X-ray afterglows.
Dendrophen, a Novel Glycyrrhetyl Amino Acid from Dendronephthya hemprichi

Chemical investigation of the extract of Dendronephthya hemprichi, collected from the Red Sea, Egypt, delivered dendrophen (1), the first 3β -acetoxy-glycyrrhetyl amino acid conjugate obtained from nature. Additionally, a new polyhydroxy sterol, dendrotriol (2), together with cholesterol and hexitol were isolated. Chromatographic separation of the low-polarity components of the D. hemprichi extract afforded 4-oxo-pentanoic acid, 2-methyl-acrylic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester (3), juniper camphor (4), and 2-octadecanone. The structures of 1 and 2 were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR studies and mass spectrometry. Graphical Abstract Dendrophen, a Novel Glycyrrhetyl Amino Acid from Dendronephthya hemprichi
Regulation of InsP 3 receptor activity by neuronal Ca 2 þ-binding proteins

Nael Nadif Kasri, Anthony M Holmes, Geert Bultynck, Jan B Parys, Martin D Bootman, Katja Rietdorf, Ludwig Missiaen, Fraser McDonald, Humbert De Smedt, Stuart J Conway, Andrew B Holmes, Michael J Berridge and H Llewelyn Roderick* Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N, Leuven, Belgium, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK, Department of Orthodontics, GKT Dental Institute, Kings College London, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
CORRELATION BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN NON-DIABETES

Objective: There is an increased risk of CAD in both diabetes and non-diabetes. Insulin resistance has been associated with development of CAD in this both populations. However, there are not many studies on correlation between insulin resistance and severity of CAD in non-diabetes. The present study aimed to establish a correlation between insulin resistance and severity of CAD in non-diabetic individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 79 consecutive Non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiogram for evaluation of clinically suspected coronary artery disease at a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka were recruited. Clinical history, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Insulin resistance was determined by Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). The severity of CAD was assessed by modified Gensini score. Pearson correlation was done to find out the relation between HOMA-IR and Gensini core. Results: The correlation between log of HOMA-IR and severity of coronary artery disease as assessed by Gensini score (r = -0.053 and p= 0.64) was not significant in non-diabetic patients. The correlations between severity of coronary artery disease and other known risk factors of coronary artery disease were also was not significant. Conclusion: HOMA-IR is negatively associated with severity of CAD in non-diabetes.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 10q (q25.3q26.13) in a male child with ambiguous genitalia: Evidence for a new critical region for genital development

Veronica Mardo,* Elizabeth E. Squibb, Nancy Braverman, Julie E. Hoover-Fong, Claude Migeon, Denise A.S. Batista, and George H. Thomas McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Cytogenetics Laboratory, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
Decision-Making by Experienced Rugby Referees: Use of Perceptual Information and Episodic Memory

The expertise paradigm was used in two studies to examine decision-making by rugby referees. Videoclips were used to assess infraction detection and knowledge base, or sources of information used. In Study 1, referees of high and low experience were compared, and in Study 2 referees and players were compared. Analysis by signal detection used a framework to classify types of information. Study 1 yielded no differences in detection of infractions as a function of experience; however, referees of high experience used significantly more sources of information than the group with low experience across all categories of information. In Study 2, there were no significant differences between referees and players, with the exception that referees displayed greater use of episodic memory information in decision-making.
A Study on Neonatal Dermatosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh India

The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of both physiological and pathological cutaneous lesions in first seven days of life in a tertiary care hospital of western uttar pradesh. Overall 500 neonates either inborn or attending paediatric opd/ clinic and delivered in the hospital were included in the study. The study took 6 months, consent from parents of those neonates were taken. Clinical examination, dermatological examinations were carried out to check their eligibility to enter this study and to diagnose the skin lesions. Consultations to dermatologists were done in the beginning of the study, especially, in the doubtful cutaneous lesions. Skin lesions were present in 476 (95.2%) neonates. Of these 6O neonates (12%) have pathological lesions, 430(86%) had only physiological lesion, while 14 neonates (2.8%) had both physiological and pathological lesions. Of physiological lesions epstein pearls were most common (78%) second most common lesion was mongolion spots (65%), desquamation was seen in 52% cases, & milia (42%). Pathological lesions pustulosis was most common seen in 28% cases, second most common lesion was oral thrush (26%).
Expression profiles and clinical relationships of ID2, CDKN1B, and CDKN2A in primary neuroblastoma

Despite considerable research into the etiology of neuroblastoma, the molecular basis of this disease has remained elusive. In contrast to the absence of expression of the known tumor suppressor CDKN2A (also known as p16 and INK4A) in a wide variety of tumor types we have found in previous studies that CDKN2A protein is paradoxically highly expressed in many advanced stage neuroblastomas and unrelated to RB1 status. In the present study, we sought to identify the mechanistic relationships that might influence CDKN2A expression and negate its influence on tumor cell proliferation. In this regard, we examined the role of the tumor‐suppressor gene CDKN1B (also known as p27 and Kip1) and the oncogene ID2 in relationship to CDKN2A expression, MYCN amplification, and neuroblastoma pathogenesis in 17 neuroblastoma cell lines and 129 samples of primary tumors of all stages. All neuroblastoma cell lines expressed the ID2 transcript and protein. However, although the majority of primary neuroblastomas also expressed the ID2 transcript, expression of the ID2 protein was undetectable or only barely detectable, regardless of transcript expression. In both cell lines and primary tumors, ID2 expression was independent of both CDKN2A and MYCN expression. In primary neuroblastomas, CDKN1B protein was expressed in significantly fewer advanced‐stage neuroblastomas than early‐stage neuroblastomas, but its expression had no relationship with CDKN2A expression or MYCN amplification. We concluded that the paradoxical expression of CDKN2A in neuroblastoma cannot be explained by inactivation of the tumor‐suppressor gene CDKN1B or overexpression of the oncogene ID2. We further concluded that ID2 is not a target of MYCN regulation nor is it a prognostic factor for neuroblastoma. Finally, the loss of CDKN1B in advanced‐stage neuroblastoma suggests this protein may play a role in the neuroblastoma disease process. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain*

A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the retention and apparent absorption by rats of Cd in kernels of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) harvested from plants grown hydroponically in 109Cd-labelled nutrient solution. Wholegrain wheat, containing 5 μmol Cd (570 μg)/kg dry weight labelled intrinsically with 109Cd, was incorporated into test meals fed to rats that had been maintained on diets containing marginally adequate, adequate or surplus levels of Zn (0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg respectively), and either 0 or 50 g durum wheat/kg. Regardless of diet, all rats consumed about 99 % of the test meal offered. In rats fed diets without wheat, initial Cd absorption averaged 7·7, 4·6 and 2·4 % of the dose when the diet contained 0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg diet respectively. In rats fed wheat-containing diets, initial Cd absorption averaged 3·8 and 2·6 % of the dose when dietary Zn concentration was 0·12 mmol (8 mg) and 0·43 mmol (28 mg)/kg diet respectively. The amount of Cd retained in the body at 15 d postprandial was <2 % of the dose in all rats, and decreased as Zn in the diet increased. Even at 15 d postprandial, 32 to 44 % of the Cd retained in the body was still in the gastrointestinal tract. The results show that: (1) the bioavailability to rats of Cd in wholegrain durum wheat was depressed when wholegrain wheat was part of the regular diet; (2) increased intake of dietary Zn lowered Cd absorption and retention; (3) retention of Cd in the body at 15 d postprandial from diets containing adequate Zn was <1·3 %.
Modulation of Caenorhabditis elegans Transcription Factor Activity by HIM-8 and the Related Zinc-Finger ZIM Proteins

The previously reported negative regulatory activity of HIM-8 on the Sox protein EGL-13 is shared by the HIM-8-related ZIM proteins. Furthermore, mutation of HIM-8 can modulate the effects of substitution mutations in the DNA-binding domains of at least four other transcription factors, suggesting broad regulatory activity by HIM-8.
Two problems of Calderón-Zygmund theory on product-spaces

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The clinical management of tumour lysis syndrome in haematological malignancies

Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is caused by the disintegration of malignant cells, usually following the instigation of chemotherapy, although it may already be established at the time of initial presentation in a minority of cases. As a direct consequence of malignant cell breakdown, intracellular ions, proteins, nucleic acids and their metabolites are released into the plasma causing the characteristic metabolic abnormalities of TLS; hyperuricaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia. In many cases the release of large amounts intracellular contents is so abrupt that the normal homeostatic mechanisms are rapidly overwhelmed and without prompt, effective management, the clinical effects of TLS soon become apparent.
Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media.

BACKGROUND Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear, usually caused by infection) affects people of all ages, but is particularly common in young children. Around 164 million people worldwide have long-term hearing loss caused by this condition, 90% of them in low-income countries. Because zinc supplements prevent pneumonia in disadvantaged children, we wondered whether they prevent otitis media. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether zinc supplements prevent otitis media in adults and children of different ages. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2009, issue 2) which includes the Acute Respiratory Infection Groups' Specialised Register; MEDLINE (1950 to June Week 1 2009); and EMBASE (1974 to June 2009). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised, placebo-controlled trials of zinc supplements given at least once a week for at least a month for preventing otitis media. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of the included trials, extracted and analysed data and wrote the review. We summarised results using risk ratios or rate ratios for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data. We combined trial results where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS We identified 12 trials for inclusion, 10 of which contributed outcomes data. In trials of healthy children living in low-income communities, two trials did not demonstrate a significant difference between the zinc supplemented and placebo groups in the numbers of participants experiencing an episode of definite otitis media during follow up (3191 participants), while another trial showed a significantly lower incidence rate of otitis media in the zinc group (rate ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 0.79, n = 1621). A small trial of 39 infants undergoing treatment for severe malnutrition suggested a benefit of zinc on the mean number of episodes of otitis media (mean difference -1.12 episodes, 95% CI -2.21 to -0.03). Zinc supplements did not seem to cause any serious adverse events, but a small minority of children were reported to have vomited shortly after ingestion of the supplements. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence on whether zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence of otitis media in healthy children under the age of five years living in low- and middle-income countries is mixed. There is some evidence of benefit in children being treated for marasmus, but this is based on one small trial and should therefore be treated with caution.