Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of light and vertical mixing across a phytoplankton ice-edge bloom

During summer, phytoplankton can bloom in the Arctic Ocean, both in open water and under ice, often strongly linked to the retreating ice edge. There, the surface ocean responds to steep lateral gradients in ice melt, mixing, and light input, shaping the Arctic ecosystem in unique ways not found in other regions of the world ocean. In 2016, we sampled a high-resolution grid of 135 hydrographic stations in Baffin Bay as part of the Green Edge project to study the ice-edge bloom, including turbulent vertical mixing, the under-ice light field, concentrations of inorganic nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass. We found pronounced differences between an Atlantic sector dominated by the warm West Greenland Current and an Arctic sector with surface waters originating from the Canadian archipelago. Winter overturning and thus nutrient replenishment was hampered by strong haline stratification in the Arctic domain, whereas close to the West Greenland shelf, weak stratification permitted winter mixing with high-nitrate Atlantic-derived waters. Using a space-for-time approach, we linked upper ocean dynamics to the phytoplankton bloom trailing the retreating ice edge. In a band of 60 km (or 15 days) around the ice edge, the upper ocean was especially affected by a freshened surface layer. Light climate, as evidenced by deep 0.415 mol m–2 d–1 isolumes, and vertical mixing, as quantified by shallow mixing layer depths, should have permitted significant net phytoplankton growth more than 100 km into the pack ice at ice concentrations close to 100%. Yet, under-ice biomass was relatively low at 20 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 and depth-integrated total chlorophyll-a (0–80 m) peaked at an average value of 75 mg chlorophyll-a m–2 only around 10 days after ice retreat. This phenological peak may hence have been the delayed result of much earlier bloom initiation and demonstrates the importance of temporal dynamics for constraints of Arctic marine primary production.
Spatiotemporal variability in hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater in a small pre‐alpine catchment: The importance of landscape elements

Topography and landscape characteristics affect the storage and release of water and, thus, groundwater dynamics and chemistry. Quantification of catchment scale variability in groundwater chemistry and groundwater dynamics may therefore help to delineate different groundwater types and improve our understanding of which parts of the catchment contribute to streamflow. We sampled shallow groundwater from 34 to 47 wells and streamflow at seven locations in a 20‐ha steep mountainous catchment in the Swiss pre‐Alps, during nine baseflow snapshot campaigns. The spatial variability in electrical conductivity, stable water isotopic composition, and major and trace ion concentrations was large and for almost all parameters larger than the temporal variability. Concentrations of copper, zinc, and lead were highest at sites that were relatively dry, whereas concentrations of manganese and iron were highest at sites that had persistent shallow groundwater levels. The major cation and anion concentrations were only weakly correlated to individual topographic or hydrodynamic characteristics. However, we could distinguish four shallow groundwater types based on differences from the catchment average concentrations: riparian zone‐like groundwater, hillslopes and areas with small upslope contributing areas, deeper groundwater, and sites characterized by high magnesium and sulfate concentrations that likely reflect different bedrock material. Baseflow was not an equal mixture of the different groundwater types. For the majority of the campaigns, baseflow chemistry most strongly resembled riparian‐like groundwater for all but one subcatchment. However, the similarity to the hillslope‐type groundwater was larger shortly after snowmelt, reflecting differences in hydrologic connectivity. We expect that similar groundwater types can be found in other catchments with steep hillslopes and wet areas with shallow groundwater levels and recommend sampling of groundwater from all landscape elements to understand groundwater chemistry and groundwater contributions to streamflow.
Firm Performance Determinants of FII in Indian Financial Service Sector

Foreign investments results in capital inflow, improves labor productivity in a country as well as build up foreign exchange reserves to meet the current account deficit. FII considers firm performance as one of the crucial parameters while taking investment decision in foreign countries as it ensures more transparency in firm’s operations and safety of their funds. Considering the role of financial performance in investment decision of FII, the present paper by applying the yearly and pooled regressions shows the impact of firm performance on FII in the Indian financial service sector over a period of five financial years. Results showed that firm size, ROE and exports, have been found to have a positive impact on FII. Leverage and Book to market ratio, as expected have shown a negative impact on FII.
Simulation of Lithuanian Version of DVB–T System

This paper deals with the SIMULINK model of DVB–T system with parameters settled in Lithuania. Special attention has been given to the design of the tuner phase noise model. The simulation results are presented. The critical values of signal–to–noise ratio in the channel and phase noise level of the tuner determining the critical value of bit error rate were estimated. Ill. 5, bibl. 11 (in English; abstracts in English, Russian and Lithuanian).
The Validity and Reliability Study for the Turkish Version of the Commitment Scale Cagla

The purpose of this paper is to adapt the Commitment Scale to Turkish. Four studies were conducted for the validity and reliability of the scale. Turkish and English versions of the Commitment Scale were administered for two-week periods and it was made sure that the translated version was true to the original. The sample of the study consisted of married couples. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in the paper and it was found that the model had acceptable goodness of fit indices. Total item analyses and Cronbach alpha value indicated that the scale could be used on the Turkish sample. In the criterion-referenced validity study, the scale was found to be significantly correlated with the Relationship Assessment Scale Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Marital Adjustment Scale, Future Time Orientation in Romantic Relationships Scale and The Heartland Forgiveness Scale. The reliability coefficient scores revealed acceptable results. In conclusion, validity and reliability studies demonstrated that the Commitment Scale was applicable to the Turkish sample.
“Why Do We Have Different Skins Anyway?”: Exploring Race in Literature with Preschool Children

In this article, the author argues that young children are capable of and competent in discussing topics of race. Sharing picture books with racial narratives with young children is a way to help them reflect, value, and empathize with the diverse nature of society. A picture book by Jacqueline Woodson, The Other Side, is explored more deeply with a small group of preschool children. The analysis of the small-group discussion suggests that engaging in multiple interactive and open-ended read-alouds of the same text, alongside reflective teaching, can encourage the validation and valuation of People of Color as well as children’s own racial identities; critical questions and active engagement in topics of race, skin color, and tone; and engaged citizens who can ask questions and participate in dialog about social and cultural differences.
A comparison of grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ) densities between an urban park and semi-rural woodland in Glasgow

This study compared the grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ) population of a city-centre park with a semi-rural woodland in the City of Glasgow to asses s whether grey squirrels were naturally more opportunistic and would therefore exist in higher numbers where human numbers were greater. The study found that grey squirrels were more abundant in the semi-rural woodland where human numbers were lower but there was evidence that the foraging beha vior of grey squirrels was influenced by human presence in the city centre park.
Scales and causes of heterogeneity in bars in a large multi‐channel river: Río Paraná, Argentina

To date, published studies of alluvial bar architecture in large rivers have been restricted mostly to case studies of individual bars and single locations. Relatively little is known about how the depositional processes and sedimentary architecture of kilometre‐scale bars vary within a multi‐kilometre reach or over several hundreds of kilometres downstream. This study presents Ground Penetrating Radar and core data from 11, kilometre‐scale bars from the Río Paraná, Argentina. The investigated bars are located between 30 km upstream and 540 km downstream of the Río Paraná – Río Paraguay confluence, where a significant volume of fine‐grained suspended sediment is introduced into the network. Bar‐scale cross‐stratified sets, with lengths and widths up to 600 m and thicknesses up to 12 m, enable the distinction of large river deposits from stacked deposits of smaller rivers, but are only present in half the surface area of the bars. Up to 90% of bar‐scale sets are found on top of finer‐grained ripple‐laminated bar‐trough deposits. Bar‐scale sets make up as much as 58% of the volume of the deposits in small, incipient mid‐channel bars, but this proportion decreases significantly with increasing age and size of the bars. Contrary to what might be expected, a significant proportion of the sedimentary structures found in the Río Paraná is similar in scale to those found in much smaller rivers. In other words, large river deposits are not always characterized by big structures that allow a simple interpretation of river scale. However, the large scale of the depositional units in big rivers causes small‐scale structures, such as ripple sets, to be grouped into thicker cosets, which indicate river scale even when no obvious large‐scale sets are present. The results also show that the composition of bars differs between the studied reaches upstream and downstream of the confluence with the Río Paraguay. Relative to other controls on downstream fining, the tributary input of fine‐grained suspended material from the Río Paraguay causes a marked change in the composition of the bar deposits. Compared to the upstream reaches, the sedimentary architecture of the downstream reaches in the top ca 5 m of mid‐channel bars shows: (i) an increase in the abundance and thickness (up to metre‐scale) of laterally extensive (hundreds of metres) fine‐grained layers; (ii) an increase in the percentage of deposits comprised of ripple sets (to >40% in the upper bar deposits); and (iii) an increase in bar‐trough deposits and a corresponding decrease in bar‐scale cross‐strata (<10%). The thalweg deposits of the Río Paraná are composed of dune sets, even directly downstream from the Río Paraguay where the upper channel deposits are dominantly fine‐grained. Thus, the change in sedimentary facies due to a tributary point‐source of fine‐grained sediment is primarily expressed in the composition of the upper bar deposits.
Existence and time-asymptotics of global strong solutions to dynamic Korteweg models

In this paper we investigate isothermal and non-isothermal models of capillary compressible fluids as derived by J.E. Dunn and J. Serrin (1985). We establish global existence and uniqueness for initial data near equilibria. We show exponential stability of equilibrias in the phase space. The proof is based on maximal Lp-regularity results for the associated linear problem. Mathematics Subject Classification 2010: 76N10, 35K52, 35K55, 35L65, 35M10
Characteristics and dynamics of crescentic bar events in an open, tideless beach

Crescentic bar events at Castelldefels beach (NW Mediterranean) have been characterised using a 4.25 years dataset (October 2010-December 2014) of time-exposure video images. Crescentic bars are observed during 41% of the study period, with an irregular distribution of the events in the different years. The crescentic bars have a lifetime that varies from 1 to over 100 days, a mean wavelength of 245 m and a mean amplitude of 9 m. The bars are observed in relatively low-energetic wave conditions with a wide variety of wave angles. The formation of crescentic bars also depends on the antecedent bathymetry, in particular crescentic bar events only occur when the sandbar is located at least at 50 m from the shoreline. Crescentic bar destruction at Castelldefels beach is observed in both low- and high energetic wave conditions, but the angle of incidence is always oblique.
Study of Anaemia in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition

Introduction: Severe anaemia is a leading cause of paediatric morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality and it is very important co morbidity in children with severe acute malnutrition. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) with anaemia has been shown to have 2.62 times higher mortality as compared to SAM with no anaemia. So this study was done to evaluate this co-morbidity further. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence and type of anaemia and to evaluate the possible aetiologies of anaemia in severe acute malnourished (SAM) children.Material and Methods: In tertiary care hospital a cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 8 month with 100 cases of SAM children and 101 cases of normal children. In both cases disorders of primary haematological problem were excluded. Auto analysers were used to measure blood counts. Blood smear was analysed by pathology consultant of institute and recorded for all patients with anaemia. Grade of anaemia and morphologic type of anaemia was analysed. Data were entered in Excel spreadsheets and analysed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Patient with SAM 42% had moderate anaemia and 19% had severe anaemia in contrast 41.6% and 16.8% in NON SAM child respectively. Predominant morphologic type in SAM patient was macrocytic anaemia (33%), while in controls microcytic anaemia (40.6%) was more prevalent.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of anaemia in SAM children. Major morphologic type in SAM children was macrocytic anaemia which may indirectly show vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency in these children.
Understanding Lecturers’ Perceptions of Workplace Fear: An Interpretive Study in the Cypriot Higher Education Context

This chapter explores how Cypriot lecturers perceive and experience fear while being at work. Drawing on the lens of interpretive inquiry, data were collected through interviews with 19 lecturers. Analysis focused on experiences of workplace fear offering rich insights into characteristics of fear, eliciting events, and coping ways. Findings help to unveil the specific events that lead to fear in the Cypriot universities, and the ways lecturers manage their fearful experiences. The study contributes to the study of discrete emotions, by empirically examining fear’s own storyline through the workers’ own perspectives, within a specific context.
Ab initio prediction of structural phase-transition temperature of SrTiO3 from finite-temperature phonon calculation

The cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature T c of SrTiO 3 is predicted from ﬁ rst-principles anharmonic lattice dynamics simulation. By using the self-consistent phonon approach, we compute ﬁ nite-temperature phonon dispersion of cubic and tetragonal SrTiO 3 . By comparing the Helmholtz free energies of the two phases calculated with anharmonic e ﬀ ects included, we obtain T c ³ 80 K, which is comparable with the experimental value of 105 K. In addition, we show that the nuclear quantum e ﬀ ect is signi ﬁ cant for predicting T c . Our approach is e ﬃ cient and provides a convenient way of predicting the phase stability of solids including ceramics, where the conventional approach based on the harmonic approximation often breaks down.
Determinants and Impediments of FDI inflows in Ethiopia- A Firm Level Investigation

From a neo liberalist’s perspective FDI triggers technology spillovers, assists human capital formation, contributes to international trade integration, helps to create a more competitive business environment and enhances enterprise development. This will contribute to higher economic growth, which is the most potent tool for poverty alleviation. To realize these benefits, many African countries including Ethiopia, have liberalized their trade regime and attempted to create an investment friendly climate through improving their infrastructures and adjusting microeconomic instabilities. Ethiopia has shown significant increase in FDI inflows, though it accounts among the least share (as a percentage of GDP) in sub-Saharan Africa, after the adoption of liberalization measures with the fall of Derg regime in 1990’s. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the determining factors of FDI inflow and potential factors that hinder it. Accordingly, sample of foreign firms based in the capital Addis Ababa and the nearby cities, and public servants of EIA were taken to collect information. The empirical results derived from the study shows that domestic and regional market seeking, political and social stability and investment incentives were found as the main determinants of FDI. Whereas, exchange rate volatility, corruption, and lack of clear policies and regulatory impediments were identified as the three main factors that have the potential to deter foreign investment in Ethiopia.
The High Cadence Transit Survey (HiTS): Compilation and Characterization of Light-curve Catalogs

The High Cadence Transient Survey (HiTS) aims to discover and study transient objects with characteristic timescales between hours and days, such as pulsating, eclipsing, and exploding stars. This survey represents a unique laboratory to explore large etendue observations from cadences of about 0.1 days and test new computational tools for the analysis of large data. This work follows a fully data science approach, from the raw data to the analysis and classification of variable sources. We compile a catalog of ∼15 million object detections and a catalog of ∼2.5 million light curves classified by variability. The typical depth of the survey is 24.2, 24.3, 24.1, and 23.8 in the u, g, r, and i bands, respectively. We classified all point-like nonmoving sources by first extracting features from their light curves and then applying a random forest classifier. For the classification, we used a training set constructed using a combination of cross-matched catalogs, visual inspection, transfer/active learning, and data augmentation. The classification model consists of several random forest classifiers organized in a hierarchical scheme. The classifier accuracy estimated on a test set is approximately 97%. In the unlabeled data, 3485 sources were classified as variables, of which 1321 were classified as periodic. Among the periodic classes, we discovered with high confidence one δ Scuti, 39 eclipsing binaries, 48 rotational variables, and 90 RR Lyrae, and for the nonperiodic classes, we discovered one cataclysmic variable, 630 QSOs, and one supernova candidate. The first data release can be accessed in the project archive of HiTS (http://astro.cmm.uchile.cl/HiTS/).
Differences in Sensitivity of Milk Fermentation to Lactating Cow and Dry Cow Intra-mammary Antimicrobial Agents

Antimicrobial agents for treatment of mastitis in dairy cows may result in drug residues in milk, suppressing production of fermented dairy products. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of lactating cow and dry cow intra-mammary antimicrobial preparations on fermentation of milk. Samples of ultra-high temperature-treated milk + starter culture (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis), were prepared. Using serial double dilution, erythromycin-trimethoprim lactating cow formula was added to five samples at 62.5-1000 mg/L and cloxacillin benzathine dry cow preparation to another five at 75-1200mg/L. A negative control with neither starter culture nor antimicrobial agent, and a positive control with starter culture but no antimicrobial agent were included. All samples were incubated at 30° C for two days and osmolarity (mOsmoles/L) monitored by a cryoscopic osmometer. From a starting value of 301±1.72 for fresh milk, osmolarity of non-inoculated milk did not rise beyond 314±7.07. Maximum osmolarity of inoculated milk attained in the presence of erythromycin-trimethoprim was 328±0.97, in contrast to 507±35.53 in the presence of cloxacillin benzathine. Hence hydrophilic lactating cow antimicrobial formulas exert a highly significant inhibitory effect on milk fermentation compared to hydrophobic dry cow antimicrobial preparations.
mLearning Device Usage and Self Efficacy By Higher Education Faculty for Professional Activities: A Case Study

This study examined the level of use and the level of self-efficacy use of mLearning devices for faculty at one university. The study also examined the relationship between use and self-efficacy levels, and the challenges faced by faculty members concerning the use of mLearning devices for professional activities. A mixed-methods model was used to complete the study. A 17-item self-report survey was developed by the researcher to determine the frequency of use, and the self-efficacy level of faculty concerning professional activities. An interview protocol was used to collect additional information from selected respondents. Findings indicated statistically significant differences in mean level of use scores for each of the 17 professional activities, but no overall significant differences in mean level of use scores based on selected demographic characteristics. Findings also indicated statistically significant differences in mean self-efficacy level scores for each of the 17 professional activities, but no overall significant differences in mean self-efficacy level scores based on selected demographic characteristics. Significant differences were found in the relationship between level of use and self-efficacy level for 15 professional activities. The most-mentioned challenges for faculty in using mLearning devices were the small screen size, connectivity issues, the incompatibility with Blackboard Learn, the on-screen keyboard, and the comparison to using a computer.
Improved global maps and 54‐year history of wind‐work on ocean inertial motions

The global distribution and 54‐year time dependence of the energy‐flux from the wind to near‐inertial motions is computed by driving a slab mixed‐layer model with NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis winds, improving upon previous estimates [ Alford, 2001 ; Watanabe and Hibiya, 2002 ]. The slab model is solved spectrally with frequency‐dependent damping. The resulting solutions are more physically sensible than the previous, and more skillful at high latitudes, where the inertial frequency approaches the 4×‐daily sampling of the Reanalysis winds. This enables Alford's calculation, whose domain was limited to ±50°, to be extended to the poles. The high‐latitude reliability is demonstrated by direct comparison with a high‐resolution regional model (REMO) in the NE Atlantic. The total power input, 0.47 TW, has increased by 25% since 1948, paralleling observed increases in extratropical cyclone frequency and intensity. If believable, the trend may have important consequences for modulation of the meridional overturning circulation.