Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beta Defensin-1, Parvalbumin, and Vimentin: A Panel of Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Markers for Renal Tumors Derived From Gene Expression Profiling Studies Using cDNA Microarrays

The common histopathologic subtypes of renal epithelial neoplasms include conventional, or clear cell, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and renal oncocytoma. These subtypes differ clinically and pathologically, making accurate classification important. However, this differential diagnosis can be challenging because of overlapping morphology, suggesting a potential utility for ancillary immunohistochemical markers. We used cDNA microarrays to identify candidate markers for distinguishing renal tumor subtypes. In this report we validated differential expression of three candidate markers, beta defensin-1, parvalbumin, and vimentin, and evaluated the use of this immunohistochemical panel as a potential diagnostic tool. Consistent with our cDNA microarray data, chromophobe RCCs and oncocytomas exhibited similar expression profiles: 8 of 8 examples of each subtype were immunohistochemically positive for beta defensin-1 and parvalbumin and negative for vimentin (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%); 4 of 7 papillary RCCs were positive for beta defensin-1, parvalbumin, and vimentin (sensitivity 57%, specificity 97%); and 22 of 23 conventional RCCs were negative for beta defensin-1, parvalbumin, or both markers (sensitivity 96%, specificity 96%) as well as positive for vimentin (sensitivity 83%). The immunohistochemical panel distinguished renal tumor subtypes with greater specificity than any marker used alone. This work demonstrates that a useful panel of immunohistochemical markers can be derived from differential gene expression profiles determined using cDNA microarrays.
Cultural Change as Learning: The Evolution of Female Labor Force Participation over a Century

This paper investigates the role of changes in culture in generating the dramatic increase in married women’s labor force participation over the last century. It develops a dynamic model of culture in which individuals hold heterogeneous beliefs regarding the relative long-run payos for women who work in the market versus the home. These beliefs evolve endogenously via an intergenerational learning process. Women are assumed to learn about the long-term payos of working by observing (noisy) private and public signals. This process generically generates the S-shaped gure for female labor force participation found in the data. I calibrate the model to several key statistics and show that it does a good job in replicating the quantitative evolution of female LFP in the US over the last 120 years. I also examine the model’s cross-sectional and intergenerational implications. The model highlights a new dynamic role for changes in wages via their eect on intergenerational learning. The calibration shows that this
Transfiguration of the foreign exchange market since the Euro introduction

We confirm that there are changes in the features of the foreign exchange market since the Euro introduction through empirical experiments on five major exchange rate series in the world. We verify the existence of asymmetry in volatility process of Japanese Yen (JPY)/United States Dollar (USD), Australian Dollar (AUD)/USD and New Zealand Dollar (NZD)/USD while JPY appreciates and AUD and NZD depreciate. We also ascertain that volatility for those five major exchange rate series has become larger and the correlation between exchange rate series has become stronger since the Euro introduction.
Customers as predictors of rent returns to innovation in small firms: an exploratory study

Small to medium enterprises (SME) are frequently associated with high levels of innovation. However, it is difficult for such firms to fully assess the merits of a particular innovation. This study examined the risk-return profile of future investment in innovation by SME with respect to anticipated "rent" or financial returns. A survey of highly innovative SME was undertaken that examined management perceptions of the key strategic influences on rent returns. Regression analysis suggests that the firms' assessment of the rent returns from their innovation may be influenced by the value it is likely to deliver to the customer, the customer's expected use of the innovation to generate new sales and the ease of integrating the new innovation into existing technologies. The findings have implications for how entrepreneurs from early stage ventures are assisted.
The Impact Of The Special Dividend Announcement On The Stock Return: The Case Of Malaysia.

The method of distributing excess cash among investors is determined by dividend policies taken by each company. Usually, there are three alternatives of the excess cash distribution; offering special dividend, initiating or increasing regular dividend and repurchase share. Special dividend that is a one-time payment rather than the permanent increase in cash payment conveys the good news that although the current financial situation of the firm might not be sustainable, but distribution of the special dividend reduces the free cash flow problems. Furthermore, distribution excess cash via a special dividend would suggest that managers believe that the current share price of company is not undervalued. This study investigates the impact of the special dividend announcement on the stock returns of the Malaysian stock market. Using the standard event study methodology, the findings indicate that, the special dividend announcement signals good news to investors in the overall market and when the analysis expanded to the sector level. That causes the stock returns to react positively and immediately when the news is announced. These findings are in line with the findings of previous studies carried out in US and Australia.
Income taxation and international mobility

Today millions of people work in countries where they are not citizens. "Income Taxation and International Mobility "addresses the novel theoretical and practical problems that this growing phenomenon of international personal mobility creates for the design of a country's tax system and takes up questions that have grown largely out of the extensive debate over Jagdish Bhagwati's proposal in the early 1970s to "tax the brain drain. "The contributors, who include many of the leading theorists of international economics and public finance, look at how the difficult question of how horizontal equity is to be defined - between nationals at home and abroad or between nationals abroad and foreign citizens abroad - and tackle such questions as Should a country exercise income tax jurisdiction over its citizens abroad? If so, in what way? Is it practical to do so? The issues that these questions raise are complex, lying on the interface of politics, sociology, and economics. "Income Taxation and International Mobility "breaks significant new ground by analyzing these questions and building on the modern theory of optimal income taxation to examine the consequences of the possibility of outmigration on the appropriate exercise and design of income tax jurisdiction on those who live outside their native country.Theoretical analyses are presented in six chapters by the editors and by James Mirrlees, William Baumol, and Koichi Hamada. The well known tax law expert, Richard Pomp, examines the Philippines experience in taxing citizens abroad. The editors provide a substantial introduction that synthesizes the book's major analytical approaches and conclusions, and Richard Musgrave provides an insightful view of the issues in his Foreword.
Steady State Laffer Curve with the Underground Economy

This article studies equilibrium effects of fiscal policy within a dynamic general equilibrium model where tax evasion and underground activities are explicitly incorporated. In particular, we show that a dynamic general equilibrium with tax evasion may give a rational justification for a variant of the Laffer curve for a plausible parameterization. From a revenue maximizing perspective, the key policy messages are that bringing tax payers to compliance would be better than threatening to punish them if convicted and that an economy without problems of compliance is much more sensitive to myopic behavior.
Analysis of Wideband Circularly Polarized Ferrite-Loaded Antenna Based on Unidirectional Resonant Modes

We propose a wideband circularly polarized antenna that consists of a metallic patch and some parasitically coupled elements mounted on a grounded dielectric-ferrite substrate. The metallic patch is fed by a proximity-coupled feed line placed between the ferrite and the dielectric layers. The parasitically coupled elements are included to improve the impedance bandwidth of antenna and are excited through the metallic patch. The antenna utilizes the resonant modes of the structure, which rotate only in the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. A semi-analytical solution based on the magnetic wall approximation shows that the resonance frequencies of the clock- and counter-clockwise resonant modes differ significantly when operating in the frequency range where the effective permeability of the ferrite layer is negative. Moreover, there is a good agreement between the model presented and full-wave numerical simulations. For the proposed antenna, the results show that the radiation bandwidth is more than 15.5% and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is more than 50%. The proposed antenna is easy to design and fabricate, does not require a complicated feeding network, and has a wideband and wide-angle circular polarization.
Dissolved oxygen requirements for hatching success of two ambystomatid salamanders in restored ephemeral ponds

To assess feasibility of reintroduction of extirpated spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) in restored flatwoods wetlands, hatching rates were monitored using pond enclosures.Ambystoma maculatum hatching success was compared to that of conspecifics in source ponds and to blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) that had persisted in restored ponds despite habitat degradation. Restored ephemeral ponds with hypoxic conditions had consistent hatching failure forA. maculatum. To isolate effects of dissolved oxygen (DO), laboratory gradients were used to identify levels of DO necessary forA. maculatum andA. laterale hatching success. DO treatments included 0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 mg/l forA. maculatum and 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/l forA. laterale. Ambystoma laterale hatched across all treatments.Ambystoma maculatum hatching was successful in treatments >4.0 mg/l. Prescribed burns of dried ponds and selective girdling reduced leaf litter and increasedin situ photosynthesis resulting in greater DO.Ambystoma laterale may have persisted in degraded ponds because of differences fromA. maculatum in egg structure, and thus oxygen delivery. Land use changes contributing to hypoxia, including changes in forest composition and fire regime, may help explain the loss ofA. maculatum from regional assemblages.
Multisite musculoskeletal pain in adolescence as a predictor of medical and social welfare benefits in young adulthood: The Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Cohort Study

Pain in adolescence is associated with mental health problems, the main reason for work disability in young adults. This study explores the relationship between multisite musculoskeletal pain in adolescence and later medical (sickness and medical rehabilitation benefits) and social welfare benefits, adjusted for sociodemographic, adolescent psychosocial and mental health problems.
East Meets West: Environmental Discourse in the European Arctic

This article reviews the environmental interface between Russia and Norway in the European Arctic, defining major discourses in the two countries pertaining to the management of marine living resources, nuclear safety and industrial pollution. Metaphors and story-lines, catching certain aspects of a problem in a simple and understandable manner, were essential in defining the range for political action. Calling the Kola Peninsula a 'black desert', the clouds drifting from Russia into Scandinavia 'death clouds' and the north-west Russian nuclear complex a 'time bomb'--largely the achievement of the media, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and environmentally orientated politicians--had a substantial effect on the general public in Norway and propelled gigantic assistant schemes to Russia. Existing discourses are activated in new functional settings when knowledge is brokered and story-lines or metaphors evoked. Norwegian demands for a reduction in the Barents Sea cod quota activated the 'cold peace discourse' in discussions of fisheries management; the Norwegian perception of Russians as 'poor' made it possible to maintain quotas far above scientific recommendations. The employment by the Norwegian discourse of 'disaster metaphors' and 'sustainability slogans' does not always fit well with the Russian 'industry complex discourse', more focused on expert knowledge and industrial development.
State Dirigisme in Megaprojects: Governing the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi

This paper examines the preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, and links it to debates on state rescaling and urban entrepreneurialism in megaprojects. It is argued that the Olympic megaproject in Sochi follows a model of state dirigisme which accords a salient role to the national state. Although private sector companies act as investors, the national state steers the planning process and directs the investment. This arrangement is reflected in a business–state relationship in which the boundaries between the public and the private sector become blurred, as the state establishes directive control over companies. The model of state dirigisme is underpinned by a nationalist narrative which frames the Olympic Games not primarily as a stimulus for economic development and global competitiveness but as a contribution to Russian greatness. This mode of governing the Olympic Games deviates from the model of entrepreneurial governance and the concomitant state rescaling, dominant in megaprojects in North America and Western Europe, in according a prominent role to the national state rather than to market-led development pushed by cities as lead actors.
Realized Returns and Defaults on Low-Grade Bonds: The Cohort of 1977 and 1978

Bond investment decisions must recognize the importance of returns, and return variability, in addition to default risk. Consider an investor who bought all low-grade bonds newly issued in 1977 and 1978 andr held them until the end of 1988. The average promised yield on these bonds at issuance in 1977 and 1978 was 11.2 per cent. The investor, however, would have realized a yield of 8.51 per cent. Default rates for all bonds, regardless of issue date or age, tend to vary together as economic conditions change. When this systematic variation in defaults is controlled for, the statistically significant relation between bond age and default rate is greatly diminished.
Antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis).

BACKGROUND Antiviral agents against herpes simplex virus are widely used in the treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), but their effectiveness is uncertain. Significant morbidity can be associated with severe cases. OBJECTIVES This review addresses the effect of antiviral therapy on Bell's palsy. SEARCH STRATEGY We updated the search of the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials Register (December 2008), MEDLINE (from January 1966 to December 8 2008), EMBASE (from January 1980 to December 8 2008) and LILACS (from January 1982 to December 2008). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized trials of antivirals with and without corticosteroids versus control therapies for the treatment of Bell's palsy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Twenty-three papers were selected for consideration. MAIN RESULTS Seven trials including 1987 participants met the inclusion criteria, adding five studies to the two in the previous review.Incomplete recovery at one year. There was no significant benefit in the rate of incomplete recovery from antivirals compared with placebo (n = 1886, RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.18). In meta-analyses with some unexplained heterogeneity, the outcome with antivirals was significantly worse than with corticosteroids (n = 768, RR 2.82, 95% CI 1.09 to 7.32) and the outcome with antivirals plus corticosteroids was significantly better than with placebo (n = 658, RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.76). Motor synkinesis or crocodile tears at one year. In single trials, there was no significant difference in long term sequelae comparing antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids alone (n = 99, RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.07) or antivirals with corticosteroids (n = 101, RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.51 to 2.07). Adverse events.There was no significant difference in rates of adverse events between antivirals and placebo (n = 1544, RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.38), between antivirals and corticosteroids (n = 667, RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.41) or between the antiviral-corticosteroid combination and placebo (n = 658, RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.66). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS High quality evidence showed no significant benefit from anti-herpes simplex antivirals compared with placebo in producing complete recovery from Bell's palsy. Moderate quality evidence showed that antivirals were significantly less likely than corticosteroids to produce complete recovery.
Analysis of Patient Load Data From the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan

Abstract Introduction: Past history of mass casualties related to international football games brought the importance of practical planning, preparedness, simulation training, and analysis of potential patient presentations to the forefront of emergency research. Methods: The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare established the Health Research Team (HRT-MHLW) for the 2002 FIFA World Cup game (FIFAWC). The HRT-MHLW collected patient data related to the games and analyzed the related factors regarding patient presentations. Results: A total of 1,661 patients presented for evaluation and care from all 32 games in Japan. The patient presentation rate per 1,000 spectators per game was 1.21 and the transport-to-hospital rate was 0.05. The step-wise regression analysis identified that the patient presentations rate increased where access was difficult. As the number of total spectators increased, the patient presentation rate decreased. (p <0.0001, r = 0.823, r2 = 0.677). Conclusion: In order to develop mass-gathering medical-care plans in accordance with the types and sizes of mass gatherings, it is necessary to collect data and examine risk factors for patient presentations for a variety of events.
CHALLENGES IN THE CLASSROOM AND TEACHER STRESS

The issue of teachers’ stress is one that has received reasonable attention regionally, nationally and internationally. The release of Dr. Lynda Younghusband’s grounded theory study in early winter 00 highlights the issue for high school teachers in Newfoundland and confirms the ongoing prevalence and consistency of teachers’ concerns related to classroom conditions and their link to stress (Full study at: www.nlta.nl.ca/ html_files/html_pages/publications/ly_tchrstudy/tchrstudy_list. html). The proceeding article summarizes Dr. Younghusband’s research as well as earlier findings of other, selected teacher organizations.
FAMILY INCOME NONRESPONSE IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY (NHIS): 1997-2000

Introduction Income nonresponse remains a pressing problem for federal government surveys. Citing figures from the 1996 Current Population Survey (CPS), Moore et al. (2000) report income item nonresponse rates ranging from 20 to nearly 50 percent, with questions on asset income the most problematic. Similar rates are reported for the 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), with a low of 20% for supplemental security income and a high of 50% for income amounts received via retirement, survivor, or disability pensions (Item Quality Group, 2003). Questions on annual total family or household income elicit similar levels of nonresponse. For example, in 2001 the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Consumer Expenditure Quarterly Survey reported nonresponse rates of 21% and 23% respectively (Item Quality Group, 2003). The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is not immune to the problems of collecting income data. An exact amount question on annual total family income elicited “don’t know” or refusal responses from approximately 25% of persons interviewed in 1997. This rose to 28% in 1998, 31% in 1999, and 32% in 2000. Follow-up questions intended to capture an approximate income amount have done little to improve response, decreasing overall income nonresponse by only four percentage points in 1997, with similar decreases in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Since annual family income is an important measure of socioeconomic status and is strongly related to
Methodological Issues in MIS Cross-Cultural Research

This paper presents a discussion of methodological issues that are relevant and idiosyncratic to cross-cultural research. One characteristic that typifies cross-cultural studies is their comparative nature, i.e., they involve a comparison across two separate cultures on a focal phenomenon. When differences across cultures are observed, the question arises as to whether the results are true cultural differences or merely measurement artifacts. Methodological considerations in cross-cultural research focus on ruling out alternative explanations for these differences and thus enhancing the interpretability of the results. The paper presents an overview of key methodological issues in cross-cultural research and reviews methods of preventing or detecting methodological problems.
Period Prevalence and Perceived Side Effects of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and the Menstrual Cycle in Elite Athletes.

PURPOSE To identify the period prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use and characterize the perceived side effects associated with the menstrual cycle and HC use. METHODS A total of 430 elite female athletes completed a questionnaire to assess the period prevalence of HC use, the reasons for initiation and discontinuation of HCs, and the side effects experienced by HC and non-HC users. Descriptive statistics, between-groups comparisons, and associations between categorical variables were calculated. RESULTS Of athletes studied, 49.5% were currently using HCs and 69.8% had used HCs at some point. Combined oral contraceptives were most commonly used (68.1%), with 30.0% using progestin-only contraceptives (implant = 13.1%, injection = 3.7%, and intrauterine system = 2.8%). Perceived negative side effects were more common with progestin-only HC use (39.1%) compared with combined-HC use (17.8%; P = .001) and were most prevalent in implant users (53.6%; P = .004). HC users reported perceived positive side effects relating to their ability to predict and/or manipulate the timing, frequency, and amount of menstrual bleeding. Non-HC users had a menstrual cycle length of 29 (5) d and 77.4% reported negative side effects during their menstrual cycle, primarily during days 1-2 of menstruation (81.6%). CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of elite athletes used HCs, and progestin-only contraceptive users reported greater incidences of negative side effects, especially with the implant. Because of the high interindividual variability in reported side effects, athletes and practitioners should maintain an open dialogue to pursue the best interests of the athlete.