Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel virtual cytological analysis for the detection of endometrial cancer cells using autoscan fluoromicroscopy

The current medical examinations for detecting endometrial cancer can sometimes be stressful and inconvenient for examinees and examiners. Therefore, we attempted to develop an autoscan‐virtual cytology system for detecting endometrial cancer without relying on judgment by the human eye. Exfoliated cells from the uterus were retrieved using a tampon inserted for 3 h. More than 100 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) developed by us were screened in three steps of immunohistochemistry to find mAb sets that would enable the cancer and normal endometrium to be perfectly distinguished. The exfoliated cells provided by 30 endometrial cancer patients and a total of 37 samples of 14 non‐malignant volunteers including the menstrual cycle were analyzed using imaging cytometry. All samples contained epithelial cells and dysplasia cells, but the pathologist could not definitively diagnose all of them as endometrial cancer cells because most cells had degenerated. Twenty‐two of 28 endometrial cancer tissues (79%) were positive with four mAb sets, CRELD1, GRK5, SLC25A27 and STC2, and 22 of 22 normal endometriums (100%) were negative. Our newly developed autoscan‐virtual cytology for exfoliated endometrial cells showed overall sensitivity for endometrial cancer patients and overall specificity for volunteers of 50% (15/30) and 95% (35/37), respectively. Our autoscan‐virtual cytology combined with cancer‐specific mAb and imaging cytometry could be useful for endometrial cancer detection. Autoscan‐virtual cytology for endometrial cancer deserves further evaluation for future endometrial cancer screening. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 1068–1075)
The Influence of Inhibitory Control and Episodic Memory on the Risky Sexual Behavior of Young Adult Cannabis Users

Abstract Cannabis use is associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) and sex-related negative health consequences. This investigation examined the role of inhibitory control and episodic memory in predicting RSB and sex-related negative consequences among current cannabis users. Findings indicated that the relationships among cannabis, neurocognition, and sexual-risk varied according to the dimension of neurocognition and the parameter of RSB in question. Specifically, more risk-taking was associated with more RSB. Furthermore, amount of recent cannabis use was associated with more RSB and sex-related negative consequences, but only among those with worse performances on a measure of decision-making and of risk-taking. Contrary to hypotheses, worse episodic memory also significantly predicted higher overall sexual-risk and decreased safe-sex practices. Results indicate that worse neurocognitive performance in the areas of risk-taking, decision-making, and episodic memory may influence the degree to which cannabis users engage in RSB and experience negative health consequences as a result. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–7)
An application of vehicular ad hoc wireless network for hybrid electric vehicle

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a network that is formed when hybrid or modern vehicles with wireless transceivers have the need to communicate with each other. Although VANET shares some similarities with mobile ad hoc network (MANET), the dynamic nature of VANET has posed a challenge for data dissemination between modern hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles. This paper will show detailed literature on a range of VANET systems requirements and implementations such as hardware architecture in a hybrid electric vehicle for inter-vehicle communication and wireless network access technologies. It will also show simulation results on inter-vehicle communications with realistic propagation model and IEEE802.11p for wireless access. IEEE802.11p is a standard that is established specifically for this Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The simulation scenario is based on Manhattan Grid Model to replicate a typical city environment and it is implemented with a different number of vehicle densities.
Mutants of the Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein that lack the transmembrane anchor and cytoplasmic domains: analysis of intracellular transport and assembly into virions

The envelope glycoprotein complex of Rous sarcoma virus consists of a knoblike, receptor-binding gp85 polypeptide that is linked through disulfide bonds to a membrane-spanning gp37 spike. We used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to assess the role of the hydrophobic transmembrane region and hydrophilic cytoplasmic domain of gp37 in intracellular transport and assembly into virions. Early termination codons were introduced on either side of the hydrophobic transmembrane region, and the mutated env genes were expressed from the late promoter of simian virus 40. This resulted in the synthesis of glycoprotein complexes composed of a normal gp85 and a truncated gp37 molecule that lacked the cytoplasmic domain alone or both the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains. The biosynthesis and intracellular transport of the truncated proteins were not significantly different from those of the wild-type glycoproteins, suggesting that any protein signals for biosynthesis and intracellular transport of this viral glycoprotein complex must reside in its extracellular domain. The glycoprotein complex lacking the cytoplasmic domain of gp37 is stably expressed on the cell surface in a manner similar to that of the wild type. In contrast, the complex lacking both the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains is secreted as a soluble molecule into the media. It can be concluded, therefore, that the transmembrane domain alone is essential for anchoring the RSV env complex in the cell membrane and that the cytoplasmic domain is not required for anchor function. Insertion of the mutated genes into an infectious proviral genome allowed us to assess the ability of the truncated gene products to be assembled into virions and to determine whether such virions were infectious. Viral genomes encoding the secreted glycoprotein were noninfectious, whereas those encoding a glycoprotein complex lacking only the cytoplasmic domain of gp37 were infectious. Virions produced from these mutant-infected cells contained normal levels of glycoprotein. The cytoplasmic tail of gp37 is thus not required for the assembly of envelope glycoproteins into virions. It is unlikely, therefore, that this region of gp37 interacts with viral core proteins during the selective incorporation of viral glycoproteins into the viral envelope.
Nearly 1 billion myopes at risk of myopia‐related sight‐threatening conditions by 2050 – time to act now

In March 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Brien Holden Vision Institute (BHVI), held the WHO-BHVI Global Scientific Meeting on Myopia in Sydney, at the BHVI, located on the campus of the University of New SouthWales. Key scientists, researchers and clinical experts from around the world, supported by the Australian Government Vision CRC program, joined together to address the rapidly increasing prevalence and the visual, social and economic impact of myopia. It was a historic step in placingmyopia on the world health agenda. An important contribution from themeeting was the definition of myopia and high myopia and a description of a potentially blinding retinal condition associated with myopia; myopic macular degeneration (MMD). As a result, future epidemiological surveys will be able to accurately record the number of people who are blind or permanently vision impaired from myopia. This recognition by the WHO will hopefully be the catalyst for increased government engagement with the issue, including greater support for programs for myopia and investment in the development of solutions, enhancing our capacity to reach populations with the timely interventions and treatments this vast problem requires.
Childhood bacteremia in Israel: causes, age relation, predisposing factors and source.

To delineate the spectrum of childhood bacteremia in a tertiary medical center in Israel and to define the historical, clinical and environmental variables that affect it, 339 bacteremic episodes were studied. Ten of the episodes (3%) were polymicrobial and 148 (44%) were hospital acquired. Staphylococcus epidermidis (17%), Staph. aureus (10%), gram-negative bacilli and Haemophilus influenzae (7%) were the most frequent etiologic pathogens. Some organisms (e.g., H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae) caused mainly community-acquired bacteremia, while Klebsiella sp. , Enterococcus faecalis, and Acinetobacter sp. caused mainly nosocomial bacteremia. Underlying conditions were noted in 72% of the bacteremic children. A source of the bacteremia was identified in 60% of the episodes; the most common was i.v. -line infection. Age, underlying condition, source and location in the hospital markedly affected the profile of microorganisms causing childhood bacteremia. Each of these variables defined 3-5 organisms that were most prominent. In each episode of suspected bacteremia, these variables should be considered, thus defining the most likely causative pathogen(s), which should be covered by appropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment.
Demonstration of 20K Growth Hormone in Human Plasma by Gel Electrophoretic-Immunostaining-Autoradiographic Assay (GEISAA)

A variant of human growth hormone (hGH), in which 15 amino acids are missing (commonly referred to as 20K-hGH in contrast to the traditional form which is referred to as 22K-hGH), is known to exist in human pituitary glands. However, lack of a method to measure it in blood has hindered investigations of its physiopathology. We have applied a newly-developed technique called GEISAA for its detection in small volumes of human plasma. The method is based upon the lower Mr of the variant and its ability to partially crossreact with existing antibodies for 22K-hGH. It consists of retrieval of the substance from plasma by immunoprecipitation, separation from 22K-hGH by NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transfer onto nitrocellulose paper by electroblotting and visualization by immunostaining and autoradiography. It revealed the 20K-hGH in plasma of some normal individuals and in that of an acromegalic patient. Furthermore, plasma concentration of the variant rose in conjunction with 22K-hGH following exercise, a natural stimulus for GH release. These results show that the 20K-hGH circulates under normal conditions and it is measurable by GEISAA using existing antibodies.
IFN‐β‐induced SOCS‐1 negatively regulates CD40 gene expression in macrophages and microglia

Costimulation between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells is required for adaptive immune responses. CD40, a costimulatory molecule, is expressed in macrophages and microglia. The aberrant expression of CD40 is involved in human diseases including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. CD40 expression is induced by a variety of stimuli, including IFN‐γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we describe the molecular basis by which IFN‐β, a cytokine with immunomodulatory properties, regulates CD40 gene expression. IFN‐β induces CD40 expression in macrophages and microglia at the transcriptional level, and GAS elements in the CD40 promoter are required for IFN‐β‐induced CD40 promoter activity. The critical role of signal transducers and activators of transcription‐1α (STAT‐1α) in this response was confirmed by utilizing primary microglia from STAT‐1α deficient mice. IFN‐β induces suppressor of cytokine signaling‐1 (SOCS‐1) gene expression, which inhibits cytokine signaling by inhibiting activation of STAT proteins. The ectopic expression of SOCS‐1 abrogates IFN‐β‐mediated STAT‐1α activation and inhibits IFN‐β‐induced CD40 expression. IFN‐β‐induced recruitment of STAT‐1α and RNA Pol II and permissive histone modifications on the CD40 promoter are also inhibited by SOCS‐1 overexpression. These novel results indicate that IFN‐β‐induced SOCS‐1 plays an important role in the negative regulation of IFN‐β‐induced CD40 gene expression. —Qin H. , Wilson C. A. , Lee S. J., Benveniste E. N. IFN‐β‐induced SOCS‐1 negatively regulates CD40 gene expression in macrophages and microglia. FASEB J. 20, E118–E128 (2006)
Reduction of Insulin Resistance in Obese and/or Diabetic Animals by 5-[4-(1-Methylcyclohexylmethoxy)benzyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (ADD-3878, U-63,287, Ciglitazone), a New Antidiabetic Agent

Effects of 5-[4-(1-methylcyclohexylmethoxy)benzyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (ADD-3878, U-63,287, Ciglitazone) on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined in various animal models. ADD-3878, administered as a dietary admixture (30–186 mg/kg/day) to obese-diabetic yellow KK (KK-Ay) mice, markedly suppressed the diabetic syndromes (hyperglycemie, hypertriglyceride-mia, and hyperinsulinemia), accompanied by the reduction of insulin resistance as manifested by improvement of overall insulin sensitivity in either the insulin tolerance test òr the steady-state blood glucose test. Chronic administration of ADD-3878 for as long as 12 wk to young yellow KK mice, which were in the early stage of diabetes and obesity, depressed age-dependent rises in blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, and insulin without exerting any effect on obesity. When orally administered to obese Zucker-fatty rats, ADD-3878 decreased plasma insulin and triglyceride in a dose-dependent manner (5–100 mg/kg/day). The treated rats showed increased tolerance and decreased insulin secretion in response to oral glucose. The glycemie response to insulin and the steady-state plasma glucose were also normalized in the treated rats. Chronic administration of ADD-3878 to young fatty rats for as long as 12 wk decreased the dose-dependent rises in blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, and insulin without exerting any effect on body weight. ADD-3878 had no effect on glucose and lipid metabolism of young Sprague-Dawley rats and mild strepto-zotocin-diabetic rats. However, in old Sprague-Dawley rats that were moderately insulin resistant and hyperli-pidemic compared with young ones, ADD-3878 decreased plasma triglyceride and insulin and improved insulin sensitivity. Five-day administration of ADD-3878 to beagle dogs with slightly impaired glucose tolerance increased glucose tolerance and suppressed postprandial rises in plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride. Based on these results, ADD-3878 is effective on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance or obesity through reduction of peripheral insulin resistance. Therefore, ADD-3878 is expected to be useful in the treatment of hyperglycemie, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipemia in obese type II diabetes and Obesity.
Prevalence of and risk factors for Clostridium difficile colonization at admission to an infectious diseases ward.

A study of 240 consecutive admissions to a single hospital ward over a 6-month period was conducted to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for Clostridium difficile colonization at admission. The prevalence rate of C. difficile colonization at admission was 13.3%. Seventy-four percent of the patients admitted to the ward were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Multivariate analysis identified three risk factors for C. difficile colonization: clindamycin use (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 9.4; P < .001), penicillin use (adjusted OR, 3.9; P = .018), and a history of cytomegalovirus infection (adjusted OR, 4.2; P = .02). C. difficile colonization at admission to our infectious diseases ward was common. Antibiotic treatments received before admission were the main risk factors for C. difficile colonization. HIV infection per se was not associated with C. difficile colonization. It is interesting that there was an association between C. difficile colonization and a history of cytomegalovirus infection.
Molecular fingerprint-region spectroscopy from 5 to 12  μm using an orientation-patterned gallium phosphide optical parametric oscillator.

We report a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on the new semiconductor gain material orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP), which enables the production of high-repetition-rate femtosecond pulses spanning 5-12 μm with average powers in the few to tens of milliwatts range. This is the first example of a broadband OPO operating across the molecular fingerprint region, and we demonstrate its potential by conducting broadband Fourier-transform spectroscopy using water vapor and a polystyrene reference standard.
Aging Alters Histone H4 Acetylation and CDC2A in Mouse Germinal Vesicle Stage Oocytes1

The reproductive potential of mammals decreases with aging, until reaching infertility. One reason for aging-related infertility is the decrease of the reproductive capability of old oocytes. It was found previously that gene expression, histone acetylation, and protein function are altered by aging in metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes. MII oocytes develop from germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes. Here, we hypothesized that the defects of old MII oocytes arise at the GV stage. To prove this hypothesis, we examined the acetylations of histone H4 at lysines 5 (H4K5), 8 (H4K8), 12 (H4K12), and 16 (H4K16) in old GV and MII oocytes. We found that acetylation of H4K12 and H4K16 decreased in old GV oocytes. Acetylation of H4K12 later increased in old MII oocytes. We also examined expression of Cdc2a, a gene related to H4K12 acetylation. Cdc2a expression increased in old nonsurrounded nucleolus (NSN) oocytes but decreased in old MII oocytes. On the other hand, the protein and kinase activities of CDC2A decreased in both GV and MII old oocytes. Finally, we showed that correction of the histone deacetylation of old oocytes at the GV stage restores younglike levels of H4K12 acetylation and CDC2A protein at the MII stage. These data support our hypothesis that abnormalities of histone acetylation at the GV stage are the cause of alterations at the MII stage. Our study provides evidence for strategies targeting the GV stage of oocytes to overcome aging-induced infertility.
Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of refractory high intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND High intracranial pressure (ICP) is the most frequent cause of death and disability after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). High ICP is treated by general maneuvers (normothermia, sedation etc) and a set of first line therapeutic measures (moderate hypocapnia, mannitol etc). When these measures fail to control high ICP, second line therapies are started. Among these, second line therapies such as barbiturates, hyperventilation, moderate hypothermia or removal of a variable amount of skull bone (known as decompressive craniectomy) are used. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of secondary decompressive craniectomy (DC) on outcome and quality of life in patients with severe TBI in whom conventional medical therapeutic measures have failed to control raised ICP. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's Trial Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Best Evidence, Clinical Practice Guidelines, PubMed, CINAHL, the National Research Register and Google Scholar. We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings and contacted experts in the field and the authors of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized or quasi-randomized studies assessing patients over the age of 12 months with a severe TBI who underwent DC to control ICP refractory to conventional medical treatments. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently examined the electronic search results for reports of possibly relevant trials and for retrieval in full. One author applied the selection criteria, performed the data extraction and assessed methodological quality. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS We found one trial with 27 participants conducted in the pediatric population (>18 years). DC was associated with a risk ratio (RR) for death of 0.54 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.72), and RR of 0.54 for death, vegetative status or severe disability 6 to 12 months after injury (95% CI 0.29 to 1.07). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence to support the routine use of secondary DC to reduce unfavourable outcome in adults with severe TBI and refractory high ICP. In the pediatric population DC reduces the risk of death and unfavourable outcome. Despite the wide confidence intervals for death and the small sample size of the only study identified, this treatment maybe justified in patients below the age of 18 when maximal medical treatment has failed to control ICP. To date, there are no results from randomised trials to confirm or refute the effectiveness of DC in adults. However, the results of non-randomized trials and controlled trials with historical controls involving adults, suggest that DC may be a useful option when maximal medical treatment has failed to control ICP. There are two ongoing randomized controlled trials of DC (Rescue ICP and DECRAN) that may allow further conclusions on the efficacy of this procedure in adults.
HIV Progression and Predictors of Mortality in a Community-Based Cohort of Zambian Adults

This article describes immunological HIV progression, mortality, and its predictors in 974 Zambian adults. During 3138 person-years of follow-up, 281 deaths occurred, and the overall mortality rate was 9.0 per 100 person-years. Thirty-six percent of patients were dead within 5 years of enrollment. The median survival in patients with baseline CD4 count ≥500 cells/mm3 was 5.62 years, with CD4 count between 200 and 499 cells/mm3 5.46 years, and with CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 3.89 years. The mortality rate increased significantly with older age (6.9 in patients <25 years, 9.3 in individuals aged 25-39 years, 10.2 in patients ≥40 years) and was higher in women (rate ratio 1.29). The median annual change of progression markers was —29.6 cells/mm3 for CD4 count, —3.0% for CD4 count percentage, 1.2 nmol/L for neopterin, —1.9 g/L for hemoglobin, and —70 cells/ mm3 for total lymphocyte count. Hemoglobin and neopterin were as accurate as CD4 count to predict mortality.
Preventive analgesia: Effect of small dose of ketamine on morphine requirement after renal surgery

Background: N-methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors seem to be responsible for pain memory and their blockade can contribute significantly in prevention of pain. This study was conducted to evaluate the preventive effect of small dose of ketamine, a NMDA receptor blocker, given before skin incision in renal surgery, with the aim to compare analgesic efficacy, intra operative and post-operative side effects. Materials and Methods: In a prospective double-blind study, 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk I and II adult patients scheduled for elective open renal surgeries by flank incision were randomly divided in two groups. Ketamine group (group K) received ketamine 0.15 mg/kg intravenously, 30 minute before start of surgery followed by infusion of ketamine 2 mcg/kg/min till start of skin closure. Control group (group C) received normal saline in place of ketamine. Both groups received morphine 0.15 mg/ kg i.v. at the time of skin closure. The analgesic efficacy was judged by visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and on movement, time to first analgesic and morphine consumption in 24 hours. Opioid or ketamine related side effects were also recorded. Results: Patients in ketamine group had significantly lower VAS score, longer time to first analgesic (21.6 ± 0.12 Vs 3.8 ± 0.7 hrs), and lower morphine consumption (5.8 ± 1.48 Vs 18.1 ± 1.6 mg) in 24 hours. There were no demonstrable side effects related to ketamine in group K whereas incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in group C. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that small dose of ketamine decreases post-operative pain, reduces morphine consumption, and delays patients request for analgesia beyond the clinical duration of action of ketamine after open renal surgery.