Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational mobility and income differentials: The experience of Brazil between 2002 and 2010

Since the start of the twenty-first century, the Brazilian economy has experienced a growth cycle with characteristics unlike those of its previous historical experience, combining growth, macroeconomic stability and distributive progress. In this context, the study aims to analyse the factors and distributive effects of occupational mobility in Brazil, based on data obtained from the Monthly Employment Survey. The results suggest that: (i) mobility has been used in Brazil as a way to raise wages, even when it involves a drop in socio-occupational status; (ii) nonetheless, the wage increase obtained by changing job or occupational segment is smaller for poorer workers than for wealthier ones; and (iii) consequently, mobility helps to increase income, but it also tends to widen wage gaps.
A study of galaxies near low-redshift quasars

The impact of quasars on their galaxy neighbors is an important factor in the understanding of the galaxy evolution models. The aim of this work is to characterize the close environments of quasars at low redshift (z$<$0.2) with the most statistically complete sample up to date using the seventh data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We have used 305 quasar-galaxy associations with spectroscopically measured redshifts within the projected distance range of 350 kpc, to calculate how surface densities of galaxies, colors, star-formation rates, oxygen abundances, dust extinction and ionization changes as a function of the distance to the quasars. We also identify and exclude the AGN from our main galaxy sample and calculate surface density of different galaxy types. We have done this in three different quasar-galaxy redshift difference ranges $|\Delta$z$|<$ 0.001, 0.006, and 0.012. Our results suggest that there is a significant increase of the galaxy surface density around quasars, indicating quasar formation by merging scenario. We also observe a gap in the surface densities of AGN and blue galaxies at a distance of approximately 150 kpc from the quasar. We see no significant changes of star formation rate, color and ionization as function of distance from the quasar. From this investigation we cannot see any effects from quasars on their galaxy companions.
Knowledge of family caregivers on care of mentally challenged children at selected institution, Bangalore: A descriptive study

Background: There is an increasing number of children being diagnosed with Mental Retardation. Social, cultural and educational components in the society are helping to increase awareness of this disability, and subsequent to diagnosis, its acceptance by the affected family. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of family caregivers towards Mentally Challenged Children in selected Institution of Bangalore. Research Design: descriptive research design. Study setting: Nachiketa Manovikasa Kendra special school for mentally retarded, M.C. Layout Bangalore. Tools: It consisted of two sections: Section A Socio demographic Profile and Section B Knowledge Questionnaire for family caregivers towards Mentally Challenged Children. Results: The mean knowledge score was 11.8+4.611 and 78% of the family caregivers had inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: The present study throws light on the importance of the need of empowerment of the family caregivers with adequate and appropriate information on the trend of development of the mentally challenged child and to know-how of managing developmental delays so that they could provide suitable environment for their care and development.
Quantifying the Effects of Financialization and Leverage in China

This article attempts to examine the effects of financialization and leverage on China’s economic growth and income inequality. The empirical results suggest that the effects of the financialization indicators are ambiguous and weak; however, the leverage indicators do have negative impacts. We find that the ratio of nonfinancial private debt to GDP has significantly negative impact on China’s growth, whereas the effects of the ratio of public debt to GDP are insignificant. Moreover, at the disaggregated level of nonfinancial private debt, it is the higher nonfinancial corporate debt level rather than the household debt level that remarkably undermines China’s economic growth. In addition, we have identified important threshold levels for several indicators of financialization. Finally, we find that the rise in the household debt level could significantly reduce the income inequality, and the ratio of M2 to GDP is positively related with the income inequality in China.
A pressure drop investigation of immiscible liquid-liquid micro flows

Over the past decade there has been a considerable increase in the research on lab-on-a-chip applications that focuses on designing analytical chemical and biological devices. One such application is the possibility of integrating the functional steps of DNA analysis into a micro-total-analysis system (μTAS). Encapsulation of PCR samples within an inert carrier fluid allows the samples to be transported as micro-reactors. Plug based micro reactors suspended in an inert carrier fluid have a lot of promise in microfluidic analytical devices, offering a reduction in resident-time, reagents and labour with an increase in through-put, accuracy and quality. The development of a thin wetting film between the wall of the capillary and the micro reactor increase the interfacial area of the plug and can also intensify the internal circulation occurring within the plug. Only recently has work being preformed on the fluid mechanics that characterise this scale. An experimental study is carried out to study the effect capillary diameter, carrier viscosity and flow rate has on the pressure drop under bi-phasic flow conditions.
Determinants of obesity in an urban township of South Africa

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and identify factors associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among adults residing in an urban township in South Africa. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Khayelitsha, a large black township located in Cape Town. Subjects: 107 males and 530 females, aged ≥ 18 years. Methods: The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ³ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women), and their relationship with factors previously found to increase the risk of obesity, such as age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, immigrant status from rural to urban, and physical activity level, were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of obesity (BMI ³ 30 kg/m2) was 53.4% and 18.7%, and that of abdominal obesity was 71.5% and 23.4%, among women and men respectively. However, more women (21.3%) than men (11.2%) reported walking more than 45 minutes per day. Female gender and being married were associated with a high BMI and large WC. Recent migration was associated with a smaller WC. The level of physical activity was not associated with BMI or WC. Conclusions: These findings suggest that physical activity may play less of a role in obesity control, or that more than 45 minutes of physical activity per day is required to reduce the risk of obesity, especially in women. At least among South African women, obesity control focused on nutritional interventions may be more beneficial than increasing the intensity or duration of physical activity.
Decision Facilitating Role of Comprehensive Performance Measurement System (CPMS) and Job Performance: Influence of Role Ambiguity and Locus of Control

This research examines the decision facilitating role of CPMS on manager’s role ambiguity and also influence of personality traits of locus of control between CPMS and job performance. Incorporating role theory and social learning theory, this research hypothesises that informational characteristic of CPMS is useful to reduce manager’s role ambiguity and in turn enhance their job performance. Data were collected from 120 business unit managers of manufacturing firms listed in the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) 2011 Directory. The results provide evidence that CPMS reduces manager’s role ambiguity, which in turn enhances job performance. Additionally, the results also indicate that locus of control moderates only the relation between CPMS and role ambiguity and that there is no evidence of moderation identified between CPMS and job performance.
Innovation Adoption in Mexican Small Family Firms

Innovation is a topic that has been widely analyzed and discussed in the literature of business and management sciences and there a far and wide consensus among scholars, researchers and professionals that innovation activities should be considered not only as a business strategy but also as a daily activity in enterprises, especially in small and medium-sized ones. However, a high percentage of theoretical and empirical published investigations have focused in the innovation activities of big enterprises while only a small percentage has analyzed this construct in small and medium-sized enterprises. Only a few of them have focused in small, family-owned enterprises even when this type of business is the most representative of the economy and society in country around the world. Therefore, the main goal of this empirical research is the analysis of adopting innovation activities in small, family-owned businesses in an emerging country, as it is the case of Mexico. The results obtained show that there is a clear adoption of innovation in products, processes and management systems from small family businesses.
Study on bovine hydatidosis and its economic significance at Shashemene municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia

This cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2015 to March 2016 to assess prevalence and associated factors of bovine hydatidosis and also to estimate its financial loss in cattle slaughtered at Shashemene municipal abattoir. Out of 400 examined cattle by meat inspection 199(49.75%) were infected by hydatid cyst in one or more of their visceral organs. The prevalence of hydatidosis in this study was significantly higher (P<0.05) in cattle with age group of more than 10 years (56.8%) and in animals having poor body condition (62.02%). Of the total 199 infected cattle, 109(54.77%) of them had hydatid cysts only in their lung, 42(21.1%) in liver, 5(2.51%) in spleen, 3(1.5%) in heart and 2(1%) in their kidney while the rest 28(18.08%) had multiple organs infection. Of the 721 cyst counted in viscera harboring hydatid cysts, the highest (57.56%) was in lung followed by liver (40.36%), spleen (1.38%), heart (0.41%), and kidney (0.27%). Out of the total 721 cysts collected, 24.18% were fertile, 46% sterile, and 29.82% calcified cysts. From the 175 fertile cysts, 60.57% cysts were found to be with viable protoscolics. Significantly the highest viability rate (P<0.05) was observed in fertile cysts of lung origin, 62.2% followed by 57.8% cysts of livers. Based on this study, the estimated annual financial loss due to direct and indirect effects of hydatidosis was 4, 158, 559.03ET=202, 955.54USD per annum based on the local market price in the study period. Hydatidosis was highly prevalent and economically important parasitic disease of cattle in the study area. The high percentage of viable cyst in this result indicates that the risk of its transmission with implication of public health importance. Public health measures such as control of stray dogs and strengthening of meat inspection services at abattoirs should be practiced.
Socioeconomic characterization and analysis of resource-use patterns in community watersheds in semi-arid India:Socio Economic Policy.Working Paper Series No.12

Increasing realization of the role of off-site positive and negative effects and externalities related to soil and water degradation, and the resulting discrepancies between socially and privately optimal levels of investments in soil and water management efforts, has led to a shift in focus towards watershed rather than farm- and plot-level approaches to natural resource management. The problems of distribution of benefits and costs among farmers in the upper and lower reaches of a watershed and issues of social organization can often be addressed through integrated approaches to watershed management and innovative policies and institutional arrangements which enhance private and collective action. This has prompted a new paradigm into natural resource management research and a shift to on-farm and participatory community watershed management in ICRISAT, in partnership with a number of stakeholders. Three community watersheds were selected as benchmark sites for participatory research in India, where some baseline socioeconomic data was collected. This study analyses the baseline data from the two watersheds [Adarsha (popularly known as Kothapally, the name of the village) and Lalatora] and identifies the major socioeconomic characteristics and constraints to technology design and development in the study areas. The paper also identifies gaps in the existing database and proposes new areas that require further research, including mechanisms for integrating watershed surveys and Village-Level Studies (VLS) to exploit potential synergies.
Analysis of growth, yield potential and horticultural performance of conventional vs. micropropagated plants of Curcuma longa var. Lakadong

Complete randomized block design was applied to evaluate and compare the growth, yield and field performance of in vitro derived turmeric plants with conventional rhizome under field condition. In vitro propagated plants manifest consistently superior horticultural performance over the conventional rhizome. Among the different lines of in vitro propagated plants, plantlets treated with silver nitrate (AgNO3) were studied and compared with the conventional rhizome which showed superior growth in almost all the different traits compared. Phenotypic variation was higher in in vitro (3.3%) than conventional plant (1.2%) with no statistically significance. Tissue culture plants grew vigorously and taller than conventional type after six months of propagation. The highest yield potential were observed in in vitro plants (13.96 ton/ha) as compared with the conventional rhizome (6.97 ton/ha). However, the agronomic traits observed during the present study in tissue culture plants are stable, and has to be ascertained in subsequent years. If provided stable, this clone can be incorporated into the crop improvement programs of turmeric var. Lakadong. Keywords : Turmeric, micropropagation, field performance, tissue culture African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(14), pp. 1604-1608, 3 April, 2013
Volatile aroma compounds in Citrus hystrix oil ( Sebatian aroma meruap dalam minyak Citrus hystrix )

The essential oil of Citrus hystrix was prepared from fresh leaves and peels and analysed by means of capillary GC and GC-MS. Forty-one components were identified, accounting ca. 95% of the oil, depending on the method of preparation. The leaf oil contains l-citronellal (61.73%) as a major compound whereas l-limonene, sabinene and ß-pinene are predominant in the peel oil. This is the first time p-menthan-8-ol (dihydro-α-terpineol), guaiol, and 4-p-menthene is reported in C. hystrix oil. *Chemistry and Technology Division, PORIM, P. O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author's ful1 name: Muhammad Nor Omar ©Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 1999 Introduction Citrus hystrix which is called ‘limau purut’ in Malaysia, ‘jeruk purut’ in Indonesia and ‘som makrut’ in Thailand, belongs to the Rutaceae family. It is originated in Asia and cultivated throughout the warmer parts of the world (Burkill 1966). In Malaysia, this plant is usually planted in the house garden together with other plants such as lemon grass, ginger, galanga and fragrant pandan. Its pear-shaped fruit with highly wrinkled skin of intense green colour was traditionally used among the Malaysian folks for washing their hairs and other parts of the body in bathing ceremony called ‘mandi berlimau’, and in certain occasion was used in getting rid of evil spirit. Currently, the C. hystrix peel is used as perfume in shampoos and its leaves are often used as a food flavouring ingredient in making ‘laksa asam’ sauce, curries, cakes, satay and tomyam soup, an Asean delicacy (Wong 1992; Muhammad Nor 1992a). A survey of the literature reveals that local C. hystrix oil was recently studied in brief by Wong (1992) and the production of natural flavour in liquid and powdered form had been formulated (Muhammad Nor 1992a,b). This paper reports a detailed examination of the leaf and peel oil and the differences in aroma constituents are discussed.
THE LINK BETWEEN THE FORMATION RATES OF CLUSTERS AND STARS IN GALAXIES

The goal of this paper is to test whether the formation rate of star clusters is proportional to the star formation rate (SFR) in galaxies. As a first step, we present the mass functions of compact clusters younger than 10 Myr in seven star-forming galaxies of diverse masses, sizes, and morphologies: the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, NGC 4214, NGC 4449, M83, M51, and the Antennae. These cluster mass functions (CMFs) are well represented by power laws, dN / dM ∝ M β ? > , with similar exponents β = − 1.92 ± 0.27 ? > , but with amplitudes that differ by factors up to ∼ 10 3 ? > , corresponding to vast differences in the sizes of the cluster populations in these galaxies. We then normalize these CMFs by the SFRs in the galaxies, derived from dust-corrected Hα luminosities, and find that the spread in the amplitudes collapses, with a remaining rms deviation of only &sgr; ( log A ) = 0.2 ? > . This is close to the expected dispersion from random uncertainties in the CMFs and SFRs. Thus, the data presented here are consistent with exact proportionality between the formation rates of stars and clusters. However, the data also permit weak deviations from proportionality, at the factor of two level, within the statistical uncertainties. We find the same spread in amplitudes when we normalize the mass functions of much older clusters, with ages in the range 100–400 Myr, by the current SFR. This is another indication of the general similarity among the cluster populations of different galaxies.
Homogeneous Distances to Several Stellar Groups in the Second Galactic Quadrant

A photometric study in the uvbyβ system of a 20° × 20° field in direction of the Cas OB6 and Per OB1 associations is presented. All currently available uvbyβ photoelectric data are used to obtain homogeneous color excesses and distances of nearly 230 stars of spectral types O-B9. The double cluster h & χ Per, NGC 663 and NGC 1502 are well represented in our sample. The sample also contains the brightest members of the young open clusters IC 1805, IC 1848, St 2, St 7 and ASCC9. We found that, within the errors, h & χ Per, NGC 663, IC 1805, IC 1848 and ASCC9, together with the Per OB1 association are located at very similar distance moduli between 11.0 to 11.3 mag. Our results indicate that the distance spread among these objects is less than the previously estimated, suggested that they could represent starforming complexes located at the same distance.
Does Adversity Affect Long-Term Consumption and Financial Behaviour? Evidence from China’s Rustication Programme∗

In this paper I examine the long-term consequences of adversity on consumption and financial behaviour, using the largest forced migration experiment in history. From 1966 to 1978, 17 million urban youths in China, mostly junior or senior high school graduates, were sent to the countryside to do farm work for an average of three to four years under a rustication policy. Using data from the mini-census in 2005, I find that the rusticated generation behaves more conservatively than the non-rusticated generations over the long term, as they consume less housing and purchase more insurance and pension. In addition to the cross-generational influence, I investigate the intragenerational effects of rustication with data from the Chinese Household Income Project and the Chinese Twins Survey in 2002. A similar conservative behavioural pattern is revealed. Individuals with rustication experience spend less on housing, accumulate more saving and insurance, and invest less in risky assets, compared to their age-eligible but non-rusticated peers. Applying a habit-forming model, I suggest that one interpretation for the conservative behaviour lies in the habits formed during adversity. The results shed light on how a policy, especially in the early stage of life, influences one generation over the long term.
The costs of monitoring changes in forest soil carbon stocks

The forest soil carbon sink is of potentially great monetary value under subsequent climate conventions, but the costs of reliable monitoring have never been analysed. Our study aimed at evaluating (1) costs and precision of varied sampling intensities at the plot level, (2) sample size, and (3) costs needed to detect a change in soil carbon at the national scale. Organic layer carbon measurements cost 520 euros per plot if 10 samples are analysed. At plot scale, the precision obtained with such sampling allows detection of a large change > 860 g C m -2 . At the national scale, two measurement rounds on a minimum of 3000 plots are needed to detect an expected change of 11 g C m -2 yr -1 in the organic layer of upland forest soils with a 10-year sampling interval. Measuring such a network once costs approximately 4 million euros, which is about 8% of the value of the annual CO 2 sequestration of 2.57 x 10 6 t CO 2 of upland forest soils in Finland.
Results of the SEST Key Programme: CO in the Magellanic Clouds VIII. The giant molecular complex No. 37 of the LMC ?

We report observations of the CO(1! 0), CO(2! 1) and 13 CO(1! 0) line emission from the giant molec- ular complex No. 37 of the Large Magellanic Cloud, made with linear resolutions between 6 and 12 pc. The obser- vations were undertaken with the Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) as part of the Key Programme: CO in the Magellanic Clouds. We nd that the CO(1! 0) emission arises from six large, distinct, molecular clouds, with CO luminosities in the range 1 10 4 to 5 10 4 Kk m s 1 pc 2 and sizes between 22 and 38 pc, and seven smaller clumps, with CO luminosities in the range between 7 10 2 and 2 10 3 Kk m s 1 pc 2 . The opacities in the CO(1! 0) line at the peak position of the large clouds are remarkably smaller than those derived for Galactic molecular clouds. Relationships between line width, size and CO luminosities are discussed. The total CO lumi- nosity of the complex determined from the SEST observations, of 1:810 5 Kk m s 1 pc 2 , is in excellent agreement with that determined from the low spatial resolution (140 pc) observations of Cohen et al. On the other hand, the total mass of molecular gas in the complex derived from the SEST observations, assuming that the individual clouds are virialized, is 2:4 10 6 M, which is a factor of 6 lower than that estimated by Cohen et al. under the same assumption. We conclude that the value of the velocity integrated CO emission to H2 column density conversion factor in the LMC determined from low angular resolution observations has been overestimated by a factor of 3. We derive a conversion factor for clouds in Complex-37 of 6 10 20 cm 2 K 1 km 1 s, which is similar to that for clouds in the outer Galaxy.