Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the immunologic mechanism of anaphylaxis. I. Antibody-hapten interactions studied by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig.

Summary Two rabbit antibodies with specificity for well defined haptenic groups were studied. It was shown that haptens were unable to provoke PCA reactions in the guinea pig. Evidence for their interaction in vivo with specific antibody was, however, furnished by the demonstration of transitory protection against challenge with the complete antigen. These findings indicate that interactions in vivo between simple “monovalent” haptens and specific antibody do not provoke anaphylactic reactions.
Prior Sensitivity Analysis in Default Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) has recently gained popularity because it enables researchers to fit complex models and solve some of the issues often encountered in classical maximum likelihood estimation, such as nonconvergence and inadmissible solutions. An important component of any Bayesian analysis is the prior distribution of the unknown model parameters. Often, researchers rely on default priors, which are constructed in an automatic fashion without requiring substantive prior information. However, the prior can have a serious influence on the estimation of the model parameters, which affects the mean squared error, bias, coverage rates, and quantiles of the estimates. In this article, we investigate the performance of three different default priors: noninformative improper priors, vague proper priors, and empirical Bayes priors—with the latter being novel in the BSEM literature. Based on a simulation study, we find that these three default BSEM methods may perform very differently, especially with small samples. A careful prior sensitivity analysis is therefore needed when performing a default BSEM analysis. For this purpose, we provide a practical step-by-step guide for practitioners to conducting a prior sensitivity analysis in default BSEM. Our recommendations are illustrated using a well-known case study from the structural equation modeling literature, and all code for conducting the prior sensitivity analysis is available in the online supplemental materials.
Antiapoptotic Role for Ornithine Decarboxylase during Oocyte Maturation

ABSTRACT Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is a nonredundant and essential gene in all eukaryotes. During the mitotic cell cycle, ODC exhibits two activity peaks: one at the G1/S transition and one during the G2/M transition. The physiological role of this cell cycle-dependent ODC activity dynamic is not clear. Previous studies have reported a significant elevation of ODC activity during Xenopus oocyte maturation, which resembles mitotic G2/M transition. In order to study the roles of ODC activity in the oocytes, we utilized antisense morpholino (xODC mo) oligonucleotides to inhibit ODC translation. We report here that xODC mo abolished ODC activity increase during oocyte maturation. xODC mo-injected oocytes underwent germinal vesicle breakdown, emitted the first polar body, and reached metaphase II, thus completing nuclear maturation. However, the metaphase II oocytes exhibited high levels of reactive oxygen species and became apoptotic. When transferred to host frogs and subsequently ovulated, these eggs were fertilized but exhibited embryo fragmentation. Translation of ODC is therefore integral to cytoplasmic maturation, protecting metaphase II oocytes from reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis.
THE GEOMETRY OF QUANTUM STATES.

0f = 2 [°0 4 V/(ao2 + 4Q2A2)]. (43) 2 * The research reported in this paper has in part been supported by the Geophysics Research Directorate of the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, Air Research and Development Command, under Contract AF 19(604)-2046 with the University of Chicago. I Chandrasekhar, S. , "The Stability of Viscous Flow Between Rotating Cylinders in the Presence of a Magnetic Field," Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A216 293-309 (1953); also, Niblett, E. R. , "The Stability of Couette Flow in an Axial Magnetic Field," Canadian J. Phys., 36, 1509-1525 (1958). These papers deal with the case of two cylinders rotated in the same direction; the case when they rotate in opposite directions has recently been investigated and will be published in due course. 2 Velikhov, E. P., "Stability of an Ideally Conducting Liquid Flowing Between Cylinders Rotating in a Magnetic Field," J. Exptl. Theoret. Phys. (U.S.S.R.), 36, 1398-1404 (1959). 3 For the significance of this discriminant see Chandrasekhar, S. , "The Hydrodynamic Stability of Inviscid Flow Between Coaxial Cylinders," these PROCEEDINGS, 46, 137 (1960). 4 I am grateful to Dr. H. W. Reid for communicating to me his unpublished results.
μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptor agonists inhibit DARPP‐32 phosphorylation in distinct populations of striatal projection neurons

In the striatum, DARPP‐32 (dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa) is highly expressed by virtually all projection medium‐sized spiny neurons. cAMP‐dependent phosphorylation of DARPP‐32 is stimulated via activation of dopamine D1 receptors in striatonigral neurons, and via activation of adenosine A2A receptors in striatopallidal neurons. In this study, we have examined the contribution of μ‐, δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors to the regulation of DARPP‐32 phosphorylation, in rat striatal slices. The results show that, at low concentrations (100 pm–1 nm), the μ‐opioid agonist, Tyr‐D‐Ala‐Gly‐N‐Me‐Phe‐glycinol (DAMGO), inhibits the increase in DARPP‐32 phosphorylation induced by activation of D1, but not by activation of A2A receptors. Conversely, the δ‐receptor agonist, Tyr‐D‐Pen‐Gly‐Phe‐D‐Pen (DPDPE), inhibits DARPP‐32 phosphorylation induced by activation of A2A, but not by activation of D1 receptors. The κ‐receptor agonist, U50488, does not affect DARPP‐32 phosphorylation induced by either D1 or A2A agonists. Thus, μ‐opioid receptors interact with dopamine D1 receptors on striatonigral neurons, whereas δ‐opioid receptors interact with adenosine A2A receptors on striatopallidal neurons. These results suggest that regulation of DARPP‐32 phosphorylation is involved in mediating some of the effects exerted by enkephalin on striatal medium‐sized spiny neurons.
A Potential Moderating Role of Stress in the Association of Disease Activity and Psychological Status among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

This study investigated the role of perceived daily stress as a potential moderator in the relation between a set of predictors (disease activity, education, pain) and psychological status (anxiety, depression) of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Psychological measures served as dependent variables in hierarchical regression analyses testing for potential interaction effects of daily stress upon relationships between predictors and dependent measures. No predictors predicted directly scores on depression and anxiety; however, daily stress directly predicted scores on depression and anxiety, even after having separately controlled for each of the predictors. Increased disease activity had significantly stronger associations with increased psychological morbidity only among patients reporting high scores on daily stress, suggesting a potential moderating role for stress.
Multi‐decadal trends in the advection and mixing of natural carbon in the Southern Ocean

Multi‐decadal trends in the advection, mixing, and air‐sea flux of natural carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Southern Ocean are investigated using output from a hindcast simulation of a non‐eddy‐resolving ocean model. Particular emphasis is placed on the model's improved eddy‐induced advection parameterization. From 1958 to 2007, the model predicts a significant increase in the outgassing of natural CO2 from the Southern Ocean, congruent with a positive trend in the wind speed over this period. The natural CO2 flux trend is largely driven by enhanced Eulerian‐mean advection and diapycnal mixing of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into the Southern Ocean surface. The natural CO2 flux trend would be larger, if not for an increase in the eddy‐induced advection of DIC out of the Southern Ocean surface, caused by the multi‐decadal increase in the model's eddy‐induced advection coefficient.
The Moderating Role of Purging Behaviour in the Relationship Between Sexual/Physical Abuse and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Eating Disorder Patients.

This study sought to examine predictors of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in eating disorder patients and to evaluate the moderating role of purging behaviours in the relationship between a theorised predictor (i.e. sexual/physical abuse) and NSSI. Participants in this study were 177 female patients with eating disorders (age range = 14-38 years) who completed semistructured interviews assessing eating disorder symptoms and eating disorder-related risk factors (e.g. history of sexual and physical abuse, history of NSSI and feelings of fatness). Results revealed that 65 participants (36.7%) reported lifetime engagement in NSSI, and 48 participants (27.1%) reported a history of sexual/physical abuse. Early onset of eating problems, lower BMI, feeling fat, a history of sexual/physical abuse and the presence of purging behaviours were all positively associated with the lifetime occurrence of NSSI. The relationship between sexual/physical abuse before eating disorder onset and lifetime NSSI was moderated by the presence of purging behaviours, such that the relationship was stronger in the absence of purging. These findings are consistent with the notion that purging and NSSI may serve similar functions in eating disorder patients (e.g. emotion regulation), such that the presence of purging may attenuate the strength of the association between sexual/physical abuse history (which is also associated with elevated NSSI risk) and engagement in NSSI behaviours.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Shiquanhe area of western Tibet

In the Shiquanhe area of far‐western Tibet, mid‐Cretaceous strata lie unconformable on ophiolitic melange and Jurassic flysch associated with the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone. On the basis of our mapping and geochronologic studies, we suggest that these Cretaceous strata were shortened by >57% over a north south distance of 50 km during Late Cretaceous‐early Tertiary time. The Late Cretaceous Narangjiapo thrust placed Permian strata >20 km over ophiolitic melange and Cretaceous strata. North of the Narangjiapo thrust, >40 km of shortening was accommodated by the Late Cretaceous‐early Tertiary south directed Jaggang thrust system that involves Jurassic flysch and Cretaceous strata, and roots into a decollement within ophiolitic melange. The most recent shortening was accommodated to the south of the Narangjiapo thrust, along the north dipping Shiquanhe thrust. The Shiquanhe thrust cuts flat‐lying 22.6 ± 0.3 Ma volcanic rocks and underlying folded, Tertiary nonmarine strata in its footwall and was likely active during slip along the Oligocene Gangdese thrust system of southern Tibet. Ophiolitic melange and structurally overlying Jurassic flysch near Shiquanhe are interpreted to represent remnants of a subduction‐accretion complex and forearc basin, respectively, that were obducted southward onto the margin of the Lhasa terrane during Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous closure of the Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean. Subsequent imbrication of the obducted sheet could have produced the two east‐west trending belts of ophiolitic melanges, separated by ∼100 km, in western Tibet. Late Cretaceous‐early Tertiary thin‐skinned shortening may have been accommodated in the deeper crust by northward underthrusting and duplexing of Lhasa terrane rocks beneath the obducted ophiolitic melange and the Qiangtang terrane to the north.
Physical mapping of ribosomal DNA sites in Festuca arundinacea and related species by in situ hybridization.

UNLABELLED The positions of the 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S rRNA genes have been physically mapped on the chromosomes of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid Festuca species by in situ hybridization. The number and position of the rDNA sites in the species were compared. The results confirm some of the earlier phylogenetic studies of these species but suggest that some structural rearrangements have occurred and that sites have been lost during polyploidization. KEYWORDS Festuca, in situ hybridization, phylogeny, physical mapping, rDNA.
The Impact of Space Flight on Survival and Interaction of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 with Basalt, a Volcanic Moon Analog Rock

Microbe-mineral interactions have become of interest for space exploration as microorganisms could be used to biomine from extra-terrestrial material and extract elements useful as micronutrients in life support systems. This research aimed to identify the impact of space flight on the long-term survival of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 in mineral water and the interaction with basalt, a lunar-type rock in preparation for the ESA spaceflight experiment, BIOROCK. Therefore, C. metallidurans CH34 cells were suspended in mineral water supplemented with or without crushed basalt and send for 3 months on board the Russian FOTON-M4 capsule. Long-term storage had a significant impact on cell physiology and energy status (by flow cytometry analysis, plate count and intracellular ATP measurements) as 60% of cells stored on ground lost their cell membrane potential, only 17% were still active, average ATP levels per cell were significantly lower and cultivability dropped to 1%. The cells stored in the presence of basalt and exposed to space flight conditions during storage however showed less dramatic changes in physiology, with only 16% of the cells lost their cell membrane potential and 24% were still active, leading to a higher cultivability (50%) and indicating a general positive effect of basalt and space flight on survival. Microbe-mineral interactions and biofilm formation was altered by spaceflight as less biofilm was formed on the basalt during flight conditions. Leaching from basalt also changed (measured with ICP-OES), showing that cells release more copper from basalt and the presence of cells also impacted iron and magnesium concentration irrespective of the presence of basalt. The flight conditions thus could counteract some of the detrimental effects observed after the 3 month storage conditions.
Prediction of IDH1-Mutation and 1p/19q-Codeletion Status Using Preoperative MR Imaging Phenotypes in Lower Grade Gliomas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: WHO grade II gliomas are divided into three classes: isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype, IDH-mutant and no 1p/19q codeletion, and IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted. Different molecular subtypes have been reported to have prognostic differences and different chemosensitivity. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive value of imaging phenotypes assessed with the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images lexicon for molecular classification of lower grade gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging scans of 175 patients with lower grade gliomas with known IDH1 mutation and 1p/19q-codeletion status were included (78 grade II and 97 grade III) in the discovery set. MR imaging features were reviewed by using Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI); their associations with molecular markers were assessed. The predictive power of imaging features for IDH1-wild type tumors was evaluated using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. We tested the model in a validation set (40 subjects). RESULTS: Various imaging features were significantly different according to IDH1 mutation. Nonlobar location, larger proportion of enhancing tumors, multifocal/multicentric distribution, and poor definition of nonenhancing margins were independent predictors of an IDH1 wild type according to the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. The areas under the curve for the prediction model were 0.859 and 0.778 in the discovery and validation sets, respectively. The IDH1-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted group frequently had mixed/restricted diffusion characteristics and showed more pial invasion compared with the IDH1-mutant, no codeletion group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative MR imaging phenotypes are different according to the molecular markers of lower grade gliomas, and they may be helpful in predicting the IDH1-mutation status.
The Role of Mothers' Child-Based Worth in Their Affective Responses to Children's Performance.

This research examined whether American and Chinese mothers' tendencies to base their worth on children's performance contributes to their affective responses to children's performance. Study 1 used daily interviews to assess mothers' warmth (vs. hostility) and children's school performance (N = 197; Mage = 12.81 years). In Study 2, such affect was observed in the laboratory following children's manipulated performance on cognitive problems (N = 128; Mage = 10.21 years). The more mothers based their worth on children's performance, the more their warmth (vs. hostility) decreased when children failed in Study 1. This pattern was evident only among Chinese mothers in Study 2. In both studies, child-based worth did not contribute to mothers' affective responses to children's success.
An exploratory study of developmental changes in children's fears.

Summary A total of 54 kindergarten, second and sixth grade children expressed their fears verbally while representing them iconically in drawings during individual interviews conducted in an investigation designed to describe developmental changes in the structure of fears. Analysis of interview content revealed decreases with grade level in the frequency of occurrence of fears with imaginary themes such as fear of ghosts and monsters, of bedtime fears and of frightening dreams, and an increase in the frequency of realistic fears involving bodily injury and physical danger. Results are discussed in terms of stages in the development of children's perception of reality, socialization processes and emergence of children's conceptions of death.
Synaptophysin protein and mRNA expression in the human hippocampal formation from birth to old age

In the human neocortex, progressive synaptogenesis in early postnatal life is followed by a decline in synaptic density, then stability from adolescence until middle age. No comparable data are available in the hippocampus. In this study, the integral synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin, measured immunoautoradiographically, was used as an index of synaptic terminal abundance in the hippocampal formation of 37 subjects from 5 weeks to 86 yr old, divided into 4 age groups (10 infants, 15 adolescents/young adults, 6 adults, and 6 elderly). In all hippocampal subfields, synaptophysin was lowest in infancy, but did not differ significantly between the older age groups, except in dentate gyrus (DG) where the rise was delayed until adulthood. A similar developmental profile was found in the rat hippocampus. We also measured synaptophysin mRNA in the human subjects and found no age‐related changes, except in parahippocampal gyrus wherein the mRNA declined from infancy to adolescence, and again in old age. The synaptophysin protein data demonstrate a significant presynaptic component to human postnatal hippocampal development. In so far as synaptophysin abundance reflects synaptic density, the findings support an increase in hippocampal and parahippocampal synapse formation during early childhood, but provide no evidence for adolescent synaptic pruning. The mRNA data indicate that the maturational increases in synaptophysin protein are either translational rather than transcriptional in origin, or else are secondary to mRNA increases in neurons, the cell bodies of which lie outside the hippocampal formation. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Investigation Into the Initiation Mechanisms of Water Trees in Polyethylene from Attempts to Detect an Emission of Light

A very sensitive device has been used to try to detect the emission of light during the initial phase of the growth of water trees. No emission was detected, either before the onset of growth of the trees or during the propagation, contrary to what is observed in electrical treeing. This experiment eliminates light emission as a tool to examine initiation and propagation mechanisms in water treeing. It is suggested that there is no basic difference in the very nature of the mechanisms which govern the initiation and propagation phases of the growth of water trees, contrary to what is accepted for electrical treeing.
Retinal Blood Flow Velocity in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract Purpose/Aim of the study: To study changes in retinal blood flow velocity in patients with early and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We used the Retinal Function Imager (RFI, Optical Imaging Ltd., Rehovot, Israel), a noninvasive diagnostic approach for measuring blood flow velocity. Materials and Methods: Sixty eyes of 43 AMD patients and 53 eyes of 35 healthy individuals over the age of 50 were recruited for this study. All patients were scanned by the RFI with analysis of blood flow velocity of secondary and tertiary branches of arteries and veins. Differences among groups were assessed by mixed linear models. Results: The average velocity in AMD patients was significantly lower compared to controls in arteries (3.6 ± 1.4 versus 4.3 ± 1.0 mm/sec, p = 0.009) but not in veins (2.6 ± 0.9 versus 3.1 ± 0.6 mm/sec, p = 0.08). When comparing the velocity between low- and high-grade AMD eyes, venous velocity was slower in the high grade AMD eyes only in the “narrow” group of vessels. Conclusions: Decreased blood flow velocity in retinal arteries in patients with AMD was found. Despite the fact that AMD is essentially a choroidal disease, retinal vessels show a functional abnormality, which may suggest that the vascular abnormality in this disease is more generalized.
Making the right impression.

This is a good time to think about why you choose to coach, to align your desires and vision with the attitude and behaviors you will have with your client in a first session. Perhaps you want to help others discover – or rediscover – their greatness. Or to give them support during their painful times. Or to teach them some important skills so they can be more effective personally and professionally – and feel good about themselves in the process. You may wish to share your vision with your clients during your first session or have it in the first materials they see.
Proportional Analysis of the Pig Renal Parenchyma and Sinus Structures

Aims: This study was performed to determine the proportion of the parenchyma and sinus structures of pig kidneys and the distance between the collecting system and the kidney surface. Methods: Forty-one pig kidneys were analyzed. Cavalieri’s principle was used to obtain the volume of the cortex, medulla and sinus, as well the proportions of the arteries, veins and collecting system in the sinus. Results: The volume of the renal parenchyma varied from 129 to 488.4 cm3. The renal cortex was 83.79% and the medulla 16.21%. The collecting system occupied the greatest part of the sinus, ranging from 34.78 to 71.91% of the renal sinus. The collecting system was closer to the dorsal than to the ventral surface in the cranial pole (p < 0.001) and the hilar zone (p < 0.01). The distance from the collecting system to the medial border was shorter than that to the lateral border in the caudal pole (p < 0.001). Conclusion: With this new information about the variation in thickness of the pig renal parenchyma, continued studies using the pig model are needed to support the use of radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation in deep and large renal tumors with a component in the renal sinus.