Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pain characteristics and self-rated health after elective orthopaedic surgery - a cross-sectional survey.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe the postoperative pain and to examine the relationship between pain intensity, pain interference and self-rated health after elective orthopaedic surgery. BACKGROUND Pain is a problem for many surgical inpatients and can lead to postoperative complications. Limited knowledge exists about the relationship between postoperative pain, function and self-rated health. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Pain characteristics, self-rated health, sociodemographic status and comorbidity were measured in 123 elective orthopaedic inpatients recruited consecutively from a hospital in eastern Norway in 2012. On the day they were discharged from the surgical unit, patients completed items about pain intensity and pain interference from the Brief Pain Inventory and about self-rated health from the Medical Outcome Short Form-36 Health Survey. Clinical data were retrieved from the medical records. Patients were divided into three diagnostic groups: shoulder surgery, hip or knee replacement and other surgery. RESULTS Mean age was 60 years (SD 17·2) and 50% were females. Average pain intensity was 4·2 (SD 2·2) on a 0-10 numeric rating scale and 60% reported moderate/severe pain during the entire hospital stay. Shoulder surgery patients reported significantly higher pain intensity compared to other surgical groups. Pain interfered mostly with daily activity and sleep. Higher pain intensity was significantly associated with poorer self-rated health. The linear regression analysis showed that average pain intensity was related to poorer self-rated health, controlling for sociodemographic variables and pain interference with function. CONCLUSION High pain intensity is related to poorer self-rated health. Postoperative pain is undermanaged, affects functional areas and could delay rehabilitation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Postoperative pain management should be given high priority after elective orthopaedic surgery, in order to improve self-rated health and function. Pain treatment for shoulder surgery patients may require more attention than it currently receives.
The development and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Maternal Attachment Inventory.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To develop the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI) into Chinese and assess its psychometric properties. BACKGROUND The MAI measures of maternal affectionate attachment. This scale displays the most appropriate indicators associated with attachment and has been widely adopted in different fields for measuring maternal-infant attachment. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey design. METHODS The study was carried out in two clinics. From the accessible population of 507 samples, a simple random sampling method of selection was used to randomly choose 200 names of mothers at 4-8 months after delivery using a computer. One hundred and eighty-one mothers agreed to participate in the study. The Chinese version of the MAI (CMAI) was developed in five stages: translation, review, back-translation, a review by a panel of specialists and a pilot test. Regarding the reliability of the CMAI, a test of correlations between the subscales and the entire scale was performed consecutively. With respect to the validity of the MAI, exploratory factor analyses, a test of relationships between items and subscales, and an analysis of concurrent criterion-related validity were conducted. RESULTS The CMAI contains four factors in its structure. The CMAI and its subscales possess good internal consistency; the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0·94. In addition, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the CMAI and the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Inventory (MFAI) and between the CMAI and the Maternal-Infant Attachment Inventory (MIAI) was 0·38 and 0·5, respectively. This suggests significant medium and high respective correlations between the CMAI and these two scales. One major limitation of this study is that participants were recruited from two clinics located in central Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS The CMAI possesses acceptable reliability and validity for use in measuring the levels of attachment and affectional ties between mothers and their infants. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The CMAI provides further evidence of the applicability of the CMAI in clinical maternity care services.
Construction concepts and validation of the 3D printed UST_2 modular stellarator

High accuracy, geometric complexity and thus high cost of stellarators tend to hinder the advance of stellarator research. Nowadays, new manufacturing methods might be developed for the production of small and middle-size stellarators. The methods should demonstrate advantages with respect common fabrication methods, like casting, cutting, forging and welding, for the construction of advanced highly convoluted modular stellarators. UST_2 is a small modular three period quasi-isodynamic stellarator of major radius 0.26 m and plasma volume 10 litres being currently built to validate additive manufacturing (3D printing) for stellarator construction. The modular coils are wound in grooves defined on six 3D printed half period frames designed as light truss structures filled by a strong filler. A geometrically simple assembling configuration has been concocted for UST_2 so as to try to lower the cost of the device while keeping the positioning accuracy of the different elements. The paper summarizes the construction and assembling concepts developed, the devised positioning methodology, the design of the coil frames and positioning elements and, an initial validation of the assembling of the components.
Recent graduate nurse views of nursing, work and leadership.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess recent nurse graduates of a large university and seeks their views of university preparation, requisite nursing skills and qualities, workplace transition, supports received, nurse leadership and role models, and career development and retention. BACKGROUND Concern about attracting and retaining registered nurses is a continuing workforce issue in parts of Asia and throughout the world. DESIGN Qualitative interviews with recent nursing graduates. METHODS Seventeen face-to-face interviews took place using a structured schedule of 23 questions. Data were coded and analysed by hand to determine clusters of interest and develop themes. RESULTS Four broad topics emerged: (1) skills and qualities graduates consider central to nursing; (2) the support they received during the transition from graduate to novice practitioner and that which continues; (3) elements they value in nursing role models and leaders; and (4) the ward characteristics that will encourage them to remain in nursing and develop a career. Interviewees expressed concerns about retention-related issues, making suggestions for improvements. Unique findings focus on the blaming culture that many respondents consider they are working in, and the system whereby they are not free to access postgraduate studies until a specific time frame has elapsed, and when they do pursue further studies, they are bonded to the auspicing hospital/health service. CONCLUSIONS Responses unique to this research are the explicit concerns about a blaming culture, and complaints about rigid rules (bonding system) that virtually prevent an individual from accessing postgraduate studies independent of the hospital system. Interviewees strongly resent the bonding system that indentures them to that place of work. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Quality health care is dependent on a well-educated, sustainable and skilled nursing workforce. Recognition of the concerns of newly graduated nurses in relation to nursing skill acquisition, workplace support issues and career concerns can assist in ensuring these issues are adequately addressed and in turn contribute to a stronger, more stable and competent nursing workforce.
T1ρ and T2 mapping reveal the in vivo extracellular matrix of articular cartilage

To determine the relationship between changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and T1ρ and T2 values in vivo. The ECM is composed of proteoglycan (PG), collagen, and water. It has been unclear which of the ECM constituents affects T1ρ and T2 mapping in living human cartilage.
Sexual activity and adolescent health risk behaviours amongst high school students in three ethnic Chinese urban populations.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare sexually active Chinese high school students in three major Asian cities with their non-sexually active counterparts in order to determine prevalence and associations with selected health outcomes. BACKGROUND There have been limited studies to date on the association between sexual activity and substance use in Chinese high schools. While the role of the school nurse in the development of sexual health and harm reduction education in secondary schools has been well documented in international studies, this has received little attention in Asia. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS This study was administered in 2003/2004 to 13,895 Grades 6 to 12 high school students in Hong Kong (3498), Macau (6286) and Taipei (4111). Descriptive analysis was conducted followed by univariate analysis comparing sexual behaviour with (1) substance use including alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs; (2) feeling depressed for greater than or equal to two weeks in last 12 months; contemplating suicide during the last 12 months; and (3) perception of poor health/academic performance. RESULTS The students (8%) reported being sexually active had marked differences in selected health outcomes when compared with the nonsexually experienced students. More than 90% of the sexually active students had tried alcohol, with more than 50% being regular drinkers, more than 30% testifying to binge drinking and nearly 50% reported depression in the past 12 months. Substance use, poorer perception of health and academic performance were also significantly higher in the sexually experienced students relative to their nonexperienced counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Sexually experienced Chinese high school students surveyed were at higher risk of substance abuse, poorer psychological health and academic performance. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Community and public health nursing needs to address Asian adolescent sexual health education needs, in particular provide culturally targeted interventions for associated substance abuse and psychological health within the context of high school sex education.
Hepatic arterial embolization in the management of blunt hepatic trauma: indications and complications.

BACKGROUND The objective was to clarify the role of hepatic arterial embolization (AE) in the management of blunt hepatic trauma. METHODS Retrospective observational study of 183 patients with blunt hepatic trauma admitted to a trauma referral center over a 9-year period. The charts of 29 patients (16%) who underwent hepatic angiography were reviewed for demographics, injury specific data, management strategy, angiographic indication, efficacy and complications of embolization, and outcome. RESULTS AE was performed in 23 (79%) of the patients requiring angiography. Thirteen patients managed conservatively underwent emergency embolization after preliminary computed tomography scan. Six had postoperative embolization after damage control laparotomy and four had delayed embolization. Arterial bleeding was controlled in all the cases. Sixteen patients (70%) had one or more liver-related complications; temporary biliary leak (n=11), intra-abdominal hypertension (n=14), inflammatory peritonitis (n=3), hepatic necrosis (n=3), gallbladder infarction (n=2), and compressive subcapsular hematoma (n=1). Unrecognized hepatic necrosis could have contributed to the late posttraumatic death of one patient. CONCLUSION AE is a key element in modern management of high-grade liver injuries. Two principal indications exist in the acute postinjury phase: primary hemostatic control in hemodynamically stable or stabilized patients with radiologic computed tomography evidence of active arterial bleeding and adjunctive hemostatic control in patients with uncontrolled suspected arterial bleeding despite emergency laparotomy. Successful management of injuries of grade III upward often entails a combined angiographic and surgical approach. Awareness of the ischemic complications due to angioembolization is important.
Kinematic strategies for mitigating gust perturbations in insects

Insects are attractive models for the development of micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) due to their relatively simple sensing, actuation and control architectures as compared to vertebrates, and because of their robust flight ability in dynamic and heterogeneous environments, characterized by turbulence and gusts of wind. How do insects respond to gust perturbations? We investigated this question by perturbing freely-flying honey bees and stalk-eye flies with low-pressure bursts of compressed air to simulate a wind gust. Body and wing kinematics were analyzed from flight sequences, recorded using three high-speed digital video cameras. Bees quickly responded to body rotations caused by gusts through bilateral asymmetry in stroke amplitude, whereas stalk-eye flies used a combination of asymmetric stroke amplitude and wing rotation angle. Both insects coordinated asymmetric and symmetric kinematics in response to gusts, which provides model strategies for simple yet robust flight characteristics for MAVs.
Odour-tracking capability of a silkmoth driving a mobile robot with turning bias and time delay

The reconstruction of mechanisms behind odour-tracking behaviours of animals is expected to enable the development of biomimetic robots capable of adaptive behaviour and effectively locating odour sources. However, because the behavioural mechanisms of animals have not been extensively studied, their behavioural capabilities cannot be verified. In this study, we have employed a mobile robot driven by a genuine insect (insect-controlled robot) to evaluate the behavioural capabilities of a biological system implemented in an artificial system. We used a male silkmoth as the ‘driver’ and investigated its behavioural capabilities to imposed perturbations during odour tracking. When we manipulated the robot to induce the turning bias, it located the odour source by compensatory turning of the on-board moth. Shifting of the orientation paths to the odour plume boundaries and decreased orientation ability caused by covering the visual field suggested that the moth steered with bilateral olfaction and vision to overcome the bias. An evaluation of the time delays of the moth and robot movements suggested an acceptable range for sensory-motor processing when the insect system was directly applied to artificial systems. Further evaluations of the insect-controlled robot will provide a ‘blueprint’ for biomimetic robots and strongly promote the field of biomimetics.
Determination of vaccination status of pregnant women during pregnancy and the affecting factors.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the vaccination status of pregnant women during pregnancy and factors affecting their vaccination. BACKGROUND Immunisation provided through vaccination is one of the most effective ways to reduce or prevent the risks of disease, disability and death. Maternal and newborn health may be protected and morbidity may be decreased through vaccinating pregnant women when necessary. DESIGN This was a descriptive and cross-sectional survey. METHODS This study was conducted in a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between 01 March and 31 May 2010. The study was carried out with 198 healthy pregnant women who had completed the 26th week of gestation. Data were collected using the data collection form composed of questions enquiring about the demographic and obstetric features of pregnant women and whether or not they knew that vaccinations could be given during pregnancy, and which vaccines could be used during pregnancy, which vaccine/vaccines they had previously received and the reasons for having been vaccinated or not. RESULTS Approximately half of the participants had received at least one of the vaccines that may be used in pregnancy (52·0%). The pregnant women received vaccinations for tetanus (47·0%), H1N1 (9·1%), seasonal influenza (3·0%) and hepatitis B (0·5%), respectively. The pregnant women who had been educated about vaccinations had been vaccinated at a statistically significantly higher rate compared with those who had not. CONCLUSION This study revealed that pregnant women's knowledge about the required vaccines during pregnancy affected their behaviour towards vaccination. Acquiring knowledge about vaccines that may be used during pregnancy from health personnel is effective to increase vaccination. This result may be interpreted as 'acquired information affects behaviour towards vaccination'. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Providing information about immunisation to pregnant women at the antenatal clinic is important in terms of maternal and newborn health. Nurses and midwives working in the antenatal field should be sufficiently educated about immunisation.
Parents' constructions of communication with their children about safer sex.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To analyse how a sample of parents reportedly communicated with their adolescent and preadolescent children about safer sex (contraceptive and condom use). BACKGROUND Among the plethora of existing research available on parent-child communication about sexuality (more broadly), very few studies detail the substance and tenor of what parents actually convey specifically about safer sex. DESIGN The study adopted a qualitative methodology and involved interviewing 43 parents (32 mothers and 11 fathers). Data were analysed using modified analytical induction. RESULTS Findings indicated that although the majority of parents professed to being open about sexuality with their children, only a minority reportedly conveyed direct messages about contraception and condom use. Moreover, these direct messages appeared to be imparted at a superficial level. Parents were more likely to communicate such messages in a tacit manner through innuendo and intimation. The complacency that parents displayed about the need to undertake safer sex education with their adolescents arose from an understanding that this was covered adequately at school and the belief that their teenager was not in a romantic relationship. In addition, some parents expressed concern that discussing safer sex with teenagers might actually encourage sexual activity. CONCLUSION We conclude that some parents may consider themselves to have engaged in sexuality education around safer sex when it appears to be predominantly surface-level education; that what constitutes 'doing' sexuality education is far from clear-cut may cast some light on why there is little consistency in the literature on the impact of parental communication on sexual health outcomes for young people. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE For nurses engaged in sexuality health promotion with parents, we caution about presenting unequivocal messages to parents about the impact of parental communication about sexuality on adolescent sexual behaviour without due acknowledgement of the grey areas indicated in the literature.
A preliminary investigation of surgeons' leadership in the operating room

Background: There is widespread recognition that non-technical skills, including leadership, are essential for an effective, efficient and safe team performance. However, the empirical literature on specific skills required for effective leadership within the intraoperative setting is limited and inconclusive. Method: Observations (n = 23 operations) were conducted in operating rooms (OR) from three teaching hospitals in Scotland to gather data on intraoperative leadership behaviours. This analysis focused on the role of the lead surgeon. These were coded according to a task- and team-oriented structure, using seven leadership constructs identified in the surgical literature. Results: Leadership behaviours were categorised with acceptable inter-rater reliability. The analysis showed that as intraoperative leaders, surgeons exhibited both task- and team-oriented behaviours. They most frequently engaged in team-oriented leadership behaviours, namely ‘guiding and supporting’ followed by ‘communication and coordination’ behaviours. Discussion: This study is the first step in developing an empirically derived scale to measure and evaluate surgeons' intraoperative leadership. Future studies will investigate the relationship between the leadership behaviours identified here, team performance, and patient safety outcomes. Better understanding of intraoperative leadership can lead to improved surgical team performance, which could impact patient safety in the operating room.
4D flow MRI

Traditionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flow using phase contrast (PC) methods is accomplished using methods that resolve single‐directional flow in two spatial dimensions (2D) of an individual slice. More recently, three‐dimensional (3D) spatial encoding combined with three‐directional velocity‐encoded phase contrast MRI (here termed 4D flow MRI) has drawn increased attention. 4D flow MRI offers the ability to measure and to visualize the temporal evolution of complex blood flow patterns within an acquired 3D volume. Various methodological improvements permit the acquisition of 4D flow MRI data encompassing individual vascular structures and entire vascular territories such as the heart, the adjacent aorta, the carotid arteries, abdominal, or peripheral vessels within reasonable scan times. To subsequently analyze the flow data by quantitative means and visualization of complex, three‐directional blood flow patterns, various tools have been proposed. This review intends to introduce currently used 4D flow MRI methods, including Cartesian and radial data acquisition, approaches for accelerated data acquisition, cardiac gating, and respiration control. Based on these developments, an overview is provided over the potential this new imaging technique has in different parts of the body from the head to the peripheral arteries. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1015–1036. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of a ski helmet mandatory on helmet use on Austrian ski slopes.

BACKGROUND A helmet mandatory for people younger than 16 years was implemented in most Austrian provinces in the winter season 2009/2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a ski helmet mandatory on age-dependent helmet use. METHODS We compared helmet use in people aged 15 years or less and older than 15 years of Austrian provinces with and without helmet mandatory between the 2008/2009 (n=16,342) and 2009/2010 (n=32,011) winter seasons. RESULTS Helmet use in people aged 15 years or less in the 2009/2010 season increased by 16.2% in provinces with helmet mandatory and decreased by 2.1% in provinces without helmet mandatory (all p<0.001), respectively. However, provinces with and without helmet mandatory did not differ regarding mean helmet use in people aged 15 years or less (92.2% vs. 92.8%, p=0.506) in the 2009/2010 season. Helmet use in people older than 15 years in the 2009/2010 season had increased by 11.7% in provinces with helmet mandatory and by 17.9% in provinces without helmet mandatory (all p<0.001), respectively. Helmet use in people older than 15 years was lower in provinces with helmet mandatory compared with provinces without mandatory (63.1% vs. 68.1%, p<0.001) in the 2009/2010 season. CONCLUSION A helmet mandatory for people aged 15 years or less may increase helmet use in involved age groups when helmet use is relatively low. However, public discussions and preventive helmet campaigns based on sound theories of health behavior change may also induce increases in helmet use in skiers aged older than 15 years without helmet mandatory.