Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myocardial heat shock protein changes in the failing heart following coronary artery ligation.

BACKGROUND Production of several heat shock proteins (Hsp) is enhanced after exposure to stress. There is little information concerning changes in myocardial Hsp under pathophysiological conditions. The aim of this study was to determine alterations in Hsp content in the viable left ventricular myocardium during the development of heart failure following coronary artery ligation (CAL). METHODS Myocardial infarction was produced by CAL of Wistar rats. One and eight weeks after the operation, haemodynamic parameters of rats with CAL were determined and then expression of Hsp27, Hsp60 and Hsp72 was measured by western blotting. RESULTS Animals showed a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF), 8 weeks after CAL. Myocardial Hsp27 and Hsp72 at 1 week after CAL significantly increased, whereas expression of both proteins at 8 weeks was similar to that in rats which underwent a sham operation (without coronary artery ligation). In contrast, Hsp60 at 8 weeks, but not at 1 week, significantly increased in the sham rats. CONCLUSIONS Diverse changes in myocardial Hsp occurred during the development of CHF.
Association of Filial Responsibility, Ethnicity, and Acculturation Among Japanese American Family Caregivers of Older Adults

Challenges of filial caregiving practices by 1st-generation immigrants due to differences in caregiving values between their home and host countries are well documented. This study explored the filial responsibility of later generation Japanese American caregivers of older adults. Acculturation and filial responsibility were measured using the Suinn-Lew Asian Self Identity Acculturation scale and Filial Values Index, respectively. A qualitative interview guide was developed using Gordon’s assimilation theory, and 21 caregivers (M age = 68 years, 86% female, seven in each generation) were interviewed. Despite the 3rd-generation caregivers’ high acculturation level, their filial responsibility scores remained high. Qualitative interviews also revealed later generation caregivers’ strong filial responsibility and continued caregiving involvement. Unexpectedly, caregivers’ own future expectancy of care included placement in mainstream residential facilities rather than ethnic-specific settings. Findings point to the need to develop caregiver services that consider later generation caregivers’ culture and level of assimilation.
Vaccination Persuasion Online: A Qualitative Study of Two Provaccine and Two Vaccine-Skeptical Websites

Background Current concerns about vaccination resistance often cite the Internet as a source of vaccine controversy. Most academic studies of vaccine resistance online use quantitative methods to describe misinformation on vaccine-skeptical websites. Findings from these studies are useful for categorizing the generic features of these websites, but they do not provide insights into why these websites successfully persuade their viewers. To date, there have been few attempts to understand, qualitatively, the persuasive features of provaccine or vaccine-skeptical websites. Objective The purpose of this research was to examine the persuasive features of provaccine and vaccine-skeptical websites. The qualitative analysis was conducted to generate hypotheses concerning what features of these websites are persuasive to people seeking information about vaccination and vaccine-related practices. Methods This study employed a fully qualitative case study methodology that used the anthropological method of thick description to detail and carefully review the rhetorical features of 1 provaccine government website, 1 provaccine hospital website, 1 vaccine-skeptical information website focused on general vaccine safety, and 1 vaccine-skeptical website focused on a specific vaccine. The data gathered were organized into 5 domains: website ownership, visual and textual content, user experience, hyperlinking, and social interactivity. Results The study found that the 2 provaccine websites analyzed functioned as encyclopedias of vaccine information. Both of the websites had relatively small digital ecologies because they only linked to government websites or websites that endorsed vaccination and evidence-based medicine. Neither of these websites offered visitors interactive features or made extensive use of the affordances of Web 2.0. The study also found that the 2 vaccine-skeptical websites had larger digital ecologies because they linked to a variety of vaccine-related websites, including government websites. They leveraged the affordances of Web 2.0 with their interactive features and digital media. Conclusions By employing a rhetorical framework, this study found that the provaccine websites analyzed concentrate on the accurate transmission of evidence-based scientific research about vaccines and government-endorsed vaccination-related practices, whereas the vaccine-skeptical websites focus on creating communities of people affected by vaccines and vaccine-related practices. From this personal framework, these websites then challenge the information presented in scientific literature and government documents. At the same time, the vaccine-skeptical websites in this study are repositories of vaccine information and vaccination-related resources. Future studies on vaccination and the Internet should take into consideration the rhetorical features of provaccine and vaccine-skeptical websites and further investigate the influence of Web 2.0 community-building features on people seeking information about vaccine-related practices.
HAKIKAT HAJI MENURUT PARA SUFI

Hakikat ibadah haji pada dasarnya adalah suatu tindak mujahadah (upaya jiwa yang sungguh-sungguh) untuk memeperoleh kesadaran musyahadah (penyaksian). Yakni proses kegigihan seorang hamba mengunjungi Baitullah sebagai sarana bertemu (liqa’) dengan Tuhan. Ibadah Haji adalah simbol kepulangan manusia kepada Tuhan yang Maha Mutlak. Oleh karena itu, niatkan haji hanya semata-mata karena Allah Swt. Pakailah pakain kejujuran dan buang jauh-jauh sifat keangkuhan, kebanggaan dan semua atribut (label ) yang biasa melekat pada diri. Manusia harus menjadikannya titik orientasinya hanya kepada Allah (QS. Al-An’am:162- 163), sebagaimana yang digambarkan ketika sedang thawaf. Bahwa kita bagian dari seluruh jagad raya yang selalu tunduk dan patuh kepada Tuhan. Sekaligus gambaran akan larut dan leburnya manusia dalam hadirat Ilahi (al-fana’fi Allah) . Saat menyembelih kurban niatkan untuk menyembelih “nafsu kebinatangan” yang ada dalam diri. Sifat egoisme, dehumanisme, sifat kerakusan, keserakahan, ketamakan dan sifat-sifat buruk lainnya. Keberhasilan ibadah haji bukan dilihat dari berapa kalinya seseorang menunaikannya. Akan tetapi lebih ditentukan oleh kesadaran musyahadahnya kepada Tuhan. Karena musyahadah inilah yang akan membentuk visi kemanusiaan, keadilan dan solidaritas sosial. Kesadaran yang demikian akan membentuk manusia yang arif . Yakni manusia yang mampu memberikan kesejukan, kecintaan, kebenaran dan keadilan di muka bumi sehingga mampu membersihkan dari unsur-unsur duniawi dan membangunnya di atas batin yang tulus dan suci. Dengan demikian, keadilan kejujuran dan kemanusiaan sejati akan mudah tersemai di bumi.
Exclusion criteria in the diagnostic classifications of DSM-IV and ICD-10: revisiting the co-occurrence of psychiatric syndromes

Background. Exclusion criteria are present in almost all diagnostic categories in both DSM-IV and ICD-10. These exclusion criteria state that one diagnosis is not made if it is ‘due to’ another disorder. However, there is little empirical evidence demonstrating that the hierarchy imposed by the exclusion criteria is meaningful. The current study examines associations between ten common mental disorder pairs to determine whether they are higher for disorder pairs that are classified in DSM-IV and/or ICD-10 as having a hierarchical relationship, than for those that are not hierarchically related. Method. Data were analysed from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, a large (N = 10641) epidemiological survey of mental disorders. Bivariate odds ratios between disorder pairs were calculated from logistic regression analyses. Multivariate odds ratios were also calculated from separate logistic regression analyses in which the sample was restricted to likely positive cases, and co-morbid mental disorders and neuroticism scores were both controlled. Results. The odds ratios between disorder pairs related according to the exclusion criteria were higher than those of unrelated disorders, for both DSM-IV and ICD-10. When constraints were placed on the data to control for the effects of co-morbid disorders and neuroticism the same pattern was evident in DSM-IV, but not in ICD-10. Conclusion. The patterns of association between disorder pairs found in the exclusion criteria for DSM-IV appear to more closely mirror the patterns of association found in epidemiological data. While this does not guarantee that the exclusion criteria are valid it is argued that identifying significant associations should be the first step in establishing meaningful exclusion criteria.
Sex differences modulating serotonergic polymorphisms implicated in the mechanistic pathways of risk for depression and related disorders:

Despite consistent observations of sex differences in depression and related emotional disorders, we do not yet know how these sex differences modulate the effects of genetic polymorphisms implicated in risk for these disorders. This Mini‐Review focuses on genetic polymorphisms of the serotonergic system to illustrate how sex differences might modulate the neurobiological pathways involved in the development of depression. We consider the interacting role of environmental factors such as early‐life stress. Given limited current knowledge about this topic, we highlight methodological considerations, challenges, and guidelines for future research. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The double jeopardy of HDL

The ability of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) to promote cholesterol efflux is thought to be important in its protection against cardiovascular disease. Anti‐inflammatory properties of HDL have emerged as additional properties that may also be important. HDL appears to have evolved as part of the innate immune system functioning to inhibit inflammation in the absence of an acute phase response (APR) but functioning to increase inflammation in the presence of an APR. Inbred strains of mice that are genetically susceptible to atherosclerosis have pro‐inflammatory HDL, while inbred strains that are resistant to atherosclerosis have anti‐inflammatory HDL. In one small study, humans with coronary heart disease (CHD) or CHD equivalents had pro‐inflammatory HDL prior to statin therapy and about half continued to have pro‐inflammatory HDL after statin therapy despite a profound decrease in plasma lipids. Pro‐inflammatory HDL was relatively weak in its ability to promote cholesterol efflux while anti‐inflammatory HDL was better in promoting cholesterol efflux. In other studies, oxidative alterations of the major protein of HDL, apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I), impaired the ability of the apoA‐I to promote cholesterol efflux. Thus, HDL structure and function may be more important than HDL‐cholesterol levels in predicting risk for cardiovascular disease.
OBSERVATION Seborrheic Keratosislike Melanoma With Folliculotropism

Observations: A 34-year-old man was seen for a conspicuous pigmented lesion on his back that clinically resembled a seborrheic keratosis because of the presence of multiple comedolike openings. Findings from dermoscopic examination showed distinct melanoma criteria (atypical pigmented network, asymmetric globules and dots, and a blue-whitish veil), in addition to multiple comedolike openings. Histopathological examination confirmed a peculiar melanoma variant characterized by prominent folliculotropism and minimal radial spreading. This tumor was not associated with chronic sundamaged skin.
Psychometric Properties of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire Among Women of Indian Ethnicity Living in Australia

Background: Indian women have been consistently reported as having low participation in breast cancer screening practices. A valid and reliable instrument to explore their breast cancer beliefs is essential for development of interventions to promote breast cancer screening practices. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the psychometric properties of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) in an Indian community in Australia. Methods: A convenience sample of 242 Indian Australian women was recruited from Indian community organizations and personal networking. Explanatory factor analysis was conducted to study the factor structure. Clinical validity was examined by Cuzick’s nonparametric test, and Cronbach’s &agr; was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed a similar fit to the hypothesized 3-factor structure. The frequency of breast cancer screening practices was significantly associated with attitudes toward general health check-up. Knowledge and perceptions about the breast cancer scale were not significantly associated with clinical breast examinations and mammography. Perceived barriers to mammography were much less evident among women who engaged in breast awareness and clinical breast examination. Results indicated that the BCSBQ had satisfactory validity and internal consistency. Cronbach’s &agr; of the 3 subscales ranged from . 81 to . 91. Conclusions: The BCSBQ is a culturally appropriate, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes about breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices among women of Indian ethnic extraction living in Australia. Implication for Practice: The BCSBQ can be used to provide nurses with information relevant for the development of culturally sensitive breast health education programs.
Functional MRI-based identification of brain areas involved in motor imagery for implantable brain–computer interfaces

For the development of minimally invasive brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), it is important to accurately localize the area of implantation. Using fMRI, we investigated which brain areas are involved in motor imagery. Twelve healthy subjects performed a motor execution and imagery task during separate fMRI and EEG measurements. fMRI results showed that during imagery, premotor and parietal areas were most robustly activated in individual subjects, but surprisingly, no activation was found in the primary motor cortex. EEG results showed that spectral power decreases in contralateral sensorimotor rhythms (8–24 Hz) during both movement and imagery. To further verify the involvement of the motor imagery areas found with fMRI, one epilepsy patient performed the same task during both fMRI and ECoG recordings. Significant ECoG low (8–24 Hz) and high (65–95 Hz) frequency power changes were observed selectively on premotor cortex and these co-localized with fMRI. During a subsequent BCI task, excellent performance (91%) was obtained based on ECoG power changes from the localized premotor area. These results indicate that other areas than the primary motor area may be more reliably activated during motor imagery. Specifically, the premotor cortex may be a better area to implant an invasive BCI.
Caregiver Strain

This article attempts to broaden the conceptual perspective of caregiver strain by developing a generalized perspective that focuses on the demands and resources of caregiving. By extension, the perspective links caregiver strain to a typology relating caregiver strain and institutionalization. The result is intended to be a new and useful conceptualization for identifying factors that differentiate sources of caregiver strain and their consequences for both individuals and society.
Foley catheter tamponade of bleeding in the cave of Retzius after a Tension Free Vaginal Tape procedure

A 61 years old woman presented with a 10 years history of stress incontinence. Cystometry showed genuine stress incontinence and a stable bladder. She failed to respond to conservative treatment with pelvic floor exercises. She underwent a Tension Free Vaginal Tape procedure (TVT) under a spinal anaesthetic (Meschia et al., 2001). At cystoscopy the needle attached to the tape had perforated the bladder on the left side. The introducing needle was removed and reinserted more laterally. A repeat cystoscopy was normal other than two small holes caused by the perforation. There was no active bleeding into the bladder. The patient was discharged 36 hours after the procedure. There was some lower abdominal bruising but no mass was palpable abdominally. The patient presented two weeks later with urgency and urge incontinence. A vaginal examination showed a 12-week size pelvic mass pushing the uterus posteriorly and to the right. A pelvic haematoma was confirmed with a transvaginal ultrasound scan and measured 8 cm in diameter. The urine was sterile. The patient was reviewed one week later to see if the symptoms would resolve. There was no improvement 4 weeks postoperatively and the patient was offered a drainage procedure. The patient was placed in lithotomy position and a cystoscopy was performed. The haematoma could be seen indenting the bladder laterally above the level of the left ureter. The haematoma was approached vaginally. The urethra was catheterised and retracted away from the haematoma. An incision was made through the vagina into the haematoma. Four hundred millilitres of altered blood was drained. Initially clotted blood was removed but afterwards fresh bleeding ensued. The bleeding originated from the cave of Retzius and was difficult to control. The cavity was packed but this did not control the bleeding. A Foley catheter was introduced into the cavity and the balloon was inflated with 50 ml of water. This controlled the bleeding and the haematoma did not re-form. The patient needed two units of blood transfusion. The Foley catheter was removed after 48 hrs and there was no further bleeding. The urgency and urge incontinence settled as soon as the haematoma was drained. At 6 months review the patient is subjectively cured of her stress incontinence and has no urgency.
The In-Flight Affective Brain: Decision Making Under Uncertainty and Safety Implications in Aviation

Understanding the relation between motivation and pilot impulsive decision-making is extremely important in the context of aviation human factors. One way to operationalize motivation is by presenting participants with different reinforces, either primary (e.g. food rewards) or secondary (e.g. financial incentives, arguably playing a crucial role in in-flight decision-making). To establish the role that different reward systems play in decision-making, we tested the extent to which distinct brain regions are sensitive to the reinforcement content. Combining a neuroeconomics approach with a voxel-based lesion method, we found that distinct regions within orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) are differentially involved in impulsivity decisions based on the reinforcement type. In contrast, lesions in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were not associated with such decisions. These results suggest a distinction between reward types at the neural level, and thus emphasize the importance of investigating how different reinforces can affect flight activity especially in pilot impulsive, risk-taking behavior.
Engagement in group sex among geosocial networking mobile application-using men who have sex with men.

BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the group most affected by the HIV epidemic in the United States. At least one-quarter of MSM report engagement in group sex events (GSEs), which can pose a risk for HIV transmission and acquisition. In this study, identification of event-level correlates of sexual and drug use behaviours at GSEs was sought to better inform prevention activities. METHODS For this study, participants were recruited via banner and pop-up advertisements placed on a geosocial networking mobile phone application that MSM use to meet men. RESULTS Of the 1997 individuals who completed the study screener, 36.0% reported participating in at least one GSE in the prior year. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, attendance at a GSE in the past year was significantly associated with older age, full/part time employment and being HIV positive. Of the men who attended a GSE, more than half reported condomless anal sex (CAS) with at least one of their partners (insertive: 57.7%; receptive: 56.3%). MSM who indicated drug use had significantly higher odds of having insertive CAS [odds ratio (OR)=2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37-4.39] and receptive CAS (OR=3.60; 95% CI: 1.96-6.63) at their last GSE. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of HIV-positive MSM engaging in group sex, coupled with their greater odds of CAS, poses a significant risk for HIV/STI transmission within the group sex setting. More research is needed to determine patterns of condom use at these events and whether seroadaptive behaviours are driving CAS.
Purification, Kinetic Characterization, and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Enzyme Ecdysteroid-phosphate Phosphatase*

From eggs of the silkworm Bombyx mori, we isolated a novel enzyme that is involved in the conversion of physiologically inactive conjugated ecdysteroids, such as ecdysone 22-phosphate and 20-hydroxyecdysone 22-phosphate, to active free ecdysteroids. This enzyme, called ecdysteroid-phosphate phosphatase (EPPase), was located in the cytosol fraction and differed from nonspecific lysosomal acid phosphatases in various enzymic properties. EPPase was purified about 3,000-fold to homogeneity by seven steps of column chromatography. The cDNA clone encoding EPPase was isolated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers on the basis of the partial amino acid sequence obtained from purified EPPase and by subsequent 3′- and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of EPPase was found to be composed of 1620 bp with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 331 amino acid residues. A data base search showed that there was no functional protein with the amino acid sequence identical to that of EPPase. Northern blot analysis revealed that EPPase mRNA was expressed predominantly during gastrulation and organogenesis in nondiapause eggs but was not detected in diapause eggs whose development was arrested at the late gastrula stage. In nondiapause eggs, the developmental changes in the expression pattern of EPPase mRNA corresponded closely to changes in the enzyme activity and in the amounts of free ecdysteroids in eggs.
Embedded Emotion-based Classification of Stack Overflow Questions Towards the Question Quality Prediction

Software developers often ask questions in Stack Overflow Q & A site, and their posted questions sometimes do not meet the standard guidelines. As a consequence, some of the questions are edited by expert users, some of them are down-voted, or some are even deleted permanently. Besides, the users (i.e., developers) might not get the expected solutions for their problems. In this paper, we study up-voted and down-voted questions from Stack Overflow, and analyze the relationship of embedded emotions with question quality. We use Sentiment140 API for identifying embedded emotions in the question texts, and then apply Feed-Forward Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) on the emotion data for developing a quality prediction model. Experiments using 38,920 Stack Overflow questions suggest about 70% precision and about 74% recall for our model with 10-fold cross-validation, and these findings clearly reveal the impact of human emotions upon the quality of a question.