Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of fetal gender on induction of labor failure rates

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate gender effect on induction of labor (IoL) failure rates stratified by indication to delivery. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of singleton pregnancies 34–42 weeks undergoing cervical ripening using controlled-release PGE2 vaginal insert. IoL Indications were divided into: (1) maternal; (2) hypertensive disorders; (3) premature rupture of membrane or (4) fetal (growth abnormalities, oligohydramnios, postdate, etc,). IoL failure was defined as: (1) Bishop-score ≤7 after 24 hours of PGE2; (2) cesarean delivery due to failed induction; (3) fetal distress followed by PGE2 removal and emergent cesarean. IoL failure rates were stratified by neonatal gender and indication to induction. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to control outcomes to potential confounders. Results: Overall, 1062 pregnancies were included – 521 (49%) had male fetuses. IoL indications did not differ by gender. IoL failure rate was 20.1% (213/1062) – 76% for unfavorable Bishop-score after PGE2 removal; 5.2% for failed induction and 18.8% for fetal-distress while on PGE2. Overall, 14.3% delivered by cesarean section. There were no differences in IoL failure as a group or by indications to induction stratified by fetal gender (21.7% vs. 18.5%, male vs. females, p < 0.05). Conclusions: IoL failure rate is not affected by fetal gender regardless of indication to induction.
Season‐long mating disruption of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, with an emulsified wax formulation of pheromone

The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a major worldwide pest of citrus. Larval feeding by this insect facilitates proliferation of citrus bacterial canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Herein, we describe a season‐long disruption trial of P. citrella with a newly developed, emulsified wax dispenser of pheromone (SPLAT‐CLMTM). A formulation containing a 3 : 1 blend of (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal:(Z,Z)‐7,11‐hexadecadienal at a 0.2% loading rate of active ingredient by weight and deployed twice per season (24 weeks total) at 490 g of formulation/ha caused season‐long disruption of male moth catch in pheromone traps as well as reduced leaf infestation. Analysis of pheromone release from dispensers by gas chromatography revealed that effective disruption of P. citrella occurred at a deployment rate of 126 μg of (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal/ha/h. Direct observation of moth behaviour in the field suggested that disruption by this formulation occurred by a non‐competitive mechanism. A formulation of the 3 : 1 attractive blend at a 0.02% pheromone loading rate caused only 2–6 weeks of disruption per deployment and did not reduce leaf infestation during mid and end of the season evaluations. A formulation containing 0.2% of (Z,Z)‐7,11‐hexadecadienal alone and deployed at 490 g/ha caused 6–7 weeks of moth disruption to pheromone traps and did not prevent leaf infestation, while an identical formulation loaded with 0.02% (w/w) of (Z,Z)‐7,11‐hexadecadienal alone had no effect on P. citrella orientation to pheromone traps. The SPLAT formulation evaluated herein appears to be an excellent release device for (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal given that approximately 100 days of steady release occurred following an initial brief (ca. 7 days) burst of higher release. The advantages of SPLAT as a formulation for P. citrella disruption include low cost of manufacturing, biodegradable and weather resistant characteristics, and flowability allowing machine application. Mating disruption should be an effective alternative to insecticides for management of P. citrella and may reduce the incidence of citrus canker.
Benign vaginal bleeding in 24 prepubertal patients: clinical, biochemical and imaging features

Abstract Objective: Premature menarche is an uncommon, benign condition characterized by isolated or recurrent menstrual bleeding in the absence of secondary sexual characteristics. Methods: We performed an observational retrospective study to further characterize the clinical, biochemical and imaging features of benign prepubertal vaginal bleeding (BPVB). Out of 1037 girls evaluated for precocious puberty over a 5-year period, 24 girls with BPVB were identified based on ≥1 episodes of vaginal bleeding, Tanner I or non-progressive Tanner II breast development, and lack of physical findings suggesting genital infection, trauma or foreign body. Results: Age at presentation ranged from 3 years 2 months to 9 years 11 months. Ten patients (42%) had one episode of vaginal bleeding, six (25%) had two episodes and eight patients (33%) had three or more. First bleeding episode lasted 3 days (range; 1–30 days). Six girls had intermittent spotting for up to 1 year. No breast development was noted in 19 (79%) patients. Minimal breast was present in five girls; early pubic hair was present in 2. LH and FSH were prepubertal; estradiol was >20 pg/mL in two girls. Pelvic ultrasound, performed in 11 patients, showed pre-pubertal uterus and ovaries without adnexal masses. Conclusion: Isolated prepubertal vaginal bleeding is typically benign and self-limited, in the absence of sexual precocity signs or other vaginal pathology. Laboratory and imaging studies are generally unrevealing.
Quantification of Trapezius Muscle Innervation During Neck Dissections

Objectives: Despite increasing use of selective, nerve-sparing surgical techniques during neck dissections, the reported rate of postoperative paralysis of the trapezius muscle is still high. The aim of the study is to measure and compare motor inflow to the trapezius muscle, in order to better understand the peripheral neuroanatomy. Methods: Intraoperative nerve monitoring (electroneurography) in patients undergoing routine neck dissection (n = 18). The innervation of the 3 functional parts of the trapezius muscle was mapped and quantified through compound muscle action potentials. Results: In 18/18 (100%) of the patients, the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) innervated all parts of the trapezius muscle. In 7/18 (39%) of the patients, an active motor branch from the cervical plexus was detected, equally distributed to all functional parts of the trapezius muscle, at levels comparable to the SAN. Conclusions: Compared to the SAN, branches from cervical plexus provide a significant amount of neural input to all parts of the trapezius muscle. Intraoperative nerve monitoring can be used in routine neck dissections to detect these branches, which may be important following surgical injury to the SAN.
A prospective evaluation of the use of femoral venous catheters in critically ill adults.

OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of complications following the use of femoral catheters in adults. DESIGN Prospective survey of major and minor complications. SETTING A mixed medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital. PATIENTS Eighty consecutive patients admitted to the ICU who underwent right femoral venous catheterization over a 13-month period. INTERVENTIONS Patients were carefully monitored for mechanical, infectious, and thrombotic complications. On catheter removal, a lower extremity bilateral phlebographic examination was performed in each patient. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There were 80 polyurethrane catheters inserted for a mean duration of 8.8 +/- 4.4 (SD) days. Catheters were inserted by interns or residents (75%) or by critical care fellows (25%). Minor complications consisted of arterial puncture (15%), local hematoma (4.4%), local bleeding (3%), and local inflammation (5%). After insertion, 17% of catheter tips were in the right atrium, 13% in the abdominal vena cava, 63% in the thoracic inferior vena cava (correct position), and 8% in aberrant abdominal intravascular positions. After repositioning, 80% of catheter tips were in the thoracic inferior vena cava. One patient developed a catheter-related bacteremia. Catheter-related sepsis were seen in three (3.7%) patients and catheter colonization in 11 (13.7%) patients. No patient had clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Bilateral phlebography was performed in 70 patients at the time of catheter removal and was normal in 45 (64%) patients. Fibrin sleeves were seen in 11 (15.7%) patients. Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis developed in 24 (34%) patients. Six (8.5%) patients had femoral vein thrombosis (common femoral vein in two patients, and superficial femoral vein in four patients). Eighteen (25.7%) patients developed popliteal vein or posterior tibial vein thrombosis that was either bilateral (n = 16) or homolateral (n = 2) to the femoral catheter. CONCLUSIONS Based on the data from this study, we conclude that femoral vein catheterization with a polyurethane catheter is associated with an 8.5% frequency rate of femoral vein thrombosis. Thrombosis in the popliteal vein or posterior tibial vein is higher (25.7%), but is homolateral to the catheter with only a 2.8% frequency rate. Infectious complications are low and similar to those of other central venous routes. Given the acceptable rate of clinically important complications, femoral venous catheterization offers an attractive alternate site of insertion to the jugular and subclavian veins for central venous access in the critically ill.
Effect of alignment perturbations in a trans-tibial prosthesis user: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE A recurring complication in trans-tibial prosthetic limb users is "poor socket fit" with painful residuum-socket interfaces, a consequence of excess pressure. This is due to both poor socket fit and poor socket alignment; however, the interaction of these factors has not been quantified. Through evaluation of kinetic data this study aimed to articulate an interaction uniting socket design, alignment and interface pressures. The results will help to refine future studies and will hopefully help determine whether sockets can be designed, fitted and aligned to maximize mobility whilst minimizing injurious forces. METHODS Interface pressures were recorded throughout ambulation in one user with "optimal (reference) alignment" followed by 5 malalignments in a patellar tendon-bearing and a hydrocast socket. RESULTS Marked differences in pressure distribution were discovered when equating the patellar tendon-bearing against the hydrocast socket and when comparing interface pressures from reference with offset alignment. Patellar tendon-bearing sockets were found to be more sensitive to alignment perturbations than hydrocast sockets. A complex interaction was found, with the most prominent finding demonstrating the requisite for attainment of optimal alignment: a translational alignment error of 10 mm can increase maximum peak pressures by 227% (mean 17.5%). CONCLUSION Refinements for future trials are described and the necessity for future research into socket design, alignment and interface pressures has been estabilished.
Cheiloscopy and its patterns in comparison with ABO blood groups

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of different lip print patterns among subjects having different ABO and Rh blood groups and to determine the correlation between their characters and blood groups. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on 150 individuals who were randomly selected and blood groups of these subjects were analyzed. Results: The results revealed no association between distribution of lip print (cheiloscopy) pattern and blood groups. Conclusion: Lip print pattern does not show any correlation between blood groups.
Reproducibility of MUNIX in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Introduction: In this study we investigated the reproducibility of motor unit number index (MUNIX) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: MUNIX was recorded in patients with ALS. Studies were performed in 18 thenar and 18 hypothenar muscles by two operators. The reproducibility was assessed using mean MUNIX values, linear regression, correlation coefficient, and coefficient of variation (COV) in individual studies. Results: The mean values showed no significant difference. The linear regression showed a strong correlation. Most patients had low COV. A high COV was seen when MUNIX was very low. The COV was higher in thenar than in hypothenar muscles. Conclusions: MUNIX has very good reproducibility in ALS patients. COV may exaggerate interoperator variation when MUNIX is very low. The higher variability in the thenar muscle is also due to variability in compound muscle action potential amplitude. Although both muscles show good reproducibility, the hypothenar is better suited for serial studies in individual patients Muscle Nerve, 2011
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) provides a metabolic barrier to reprogramming somatic cells into stem cells

The ability of somatic cells to reprogram their ATP-generating machinery into a Warburg-like glycolytic metabotype while overexpressing stemness genes facilitates their conversion into either induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or tumor-propagating cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic master switch that senses and decodes intracellular changes in energy status; thus, we have evaluated the impact of AMPK activation in regulating the generation of iPSCs from nonstem cells of somatic origin. The indirect and direct activation of AMPK with the antidiabetic biguanide metformin and the thienopyridone A-769662, respectively, impeded the reprogramming of mouse embryonic and human diploid fibroblasts into iPSCs. The AMPK activators established a metabolic barrier to reprogramming that could not be bypassed, even through p53 deficiency, a fundamental mechanism to greatly improve the efficiency of stem-cell production. Treatment with metformin or A-769662 before the generation of iPSC colonies was sufficient to drastically decrease iPSC generation, suggesting that AMPK activation impedes early stem cell genetic reprogramming. Monitoring the transcriptional activation status of each individual reprogramming factor (i.e., Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) revealed that AMPK activation notably prevented the transcriptional activation of Oct4, the master regulator of the pluripotent state. AMPK activation appears to impose a normalized metabolic flow away from the required pro-immortalizing glycolysis that fuels the induction of stemness and pluripotency, endowing somatic cells with an energetic infrastructure that is protected against reprogramming. AMPK-activating anti-reprogramming strategies may provide a roadmap for the generation of novel cancer therapies that metabolically target tumor-propagating cells.
Relationship between pulmonary function and unsupported arm exercise in patients with COPD.

UNLABELLED In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the limitation on unsupported arm exercise (UAE) is predominantly respiratory muscle function-dependent. It is characterized by neuromechanical dysfunction (thoracoabdominal dyssynchrony) of the inspiratory muscles (diaphragm, accessory), superimposed by lung mechanics dysfunction. The undergoing mechanism is probably multifactorial. To study the relationship of resting pulmonary function and UAE performance in patients with COPD. Twenty-one patients, mean age 63 +/- 7 years, with COPD [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) 42 +/- 12% of predicted] underwent assessment of resting lung function (inspiratory capacity 57 +/- 17%; functional residual capacity 204 +/- 38% of predicted), maximal inspiratory pressure (67 +/- 14 cmH2O), upper arm circumference (30 +/- 2 cm), and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary UAE assessments. UAE consisted of bilateral anterior arm elevation to shoulder level at a rate of 40 arm strokes.minute-1. A series of stepwise multiple regression models were fitted to the data to predict exercise time from resting pulmonary function indices. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations (r) were found between exercise time and inspiratory capacity (% of predicted) (r = 0.67, p = 0.0008), maximal inspiratory pressure (cmH2O) (r = 0.47, p = 0.03), upper arm circumference (r = 0.74, p = 0.0001), FEV1 (% of predicted) (r = 0.62, p = 0.0026), oxygen uptake (r = 0.56, p = 0.0085) and functional residual capacity (% of predicted) (r = -0.41, p = 0.06, borderline). Inspiratory capacity (% of predicted), functional residual capacity (% of predicted), upper arm circumference (cm) and FEV1 (% of predicted) explained 77% of the variance in exercise time. Therapeutic strategies that aim to increase inspiratory capacity or decrease functional residual capacity, or increase inspiratory muscle strength and upper arm/torso muscle endurance are likely to alleviate symptoms and improve UAE performance in patients with COPD.
Assembly of the QM protein onto the 60S ribosomal subunit occurs in the cytoplasm

QM is a human cDNA originally isolated as a transcript elevated in a nontumorigenic Wilms' tumor microcell hybrid, relative to the tumorigenic parental cell line. The QM gene encodes a 24 kDa basic protein that peripherally associates with the ribosomes. Recently, the gene for this protein has also been shown in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeto encode an essential 60S ribosomal subunit protein that is required for the joining of the 40S and 60S subunits. Since the association of QM with ribosomes can be disrupted with 1M NaCl, which has no effect on the association of core ribosomal proteins, indirect immunofluorescent cell staining was performed to colocalize the QM protein with the human large P‐antigen, a core ribosomal protein of the 60S subunit, and to determine whether the assembly of the QM protein onto the 60S ribosomal subunit occurs in the nucleolus or in the cytoplasm. Our results reveal that QM co‐localizes with the large P‐antigen only to the cytoplasm where the rough endoplasmic reticulum is found and not to the nucleolus where ribosome assembly occurs. This finding suggests that the QM protein is most likely involved in a late step of the 60S subunit assembly and is added to the 60S ribosomal subunit in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleolus. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:281–285, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fear, Social Projection, and Financial Decision Making

The number of individual investors who trade stocks online has significantly increased in recent years. Surprisingly, consumer researchers have paid little attention to how emotions influence individual investors’ stock-trading decisions. In a series of three experiments, the authors investigate the impact of incidental fear on the decision to sell in a stock market simulation. The results show that fearful (vs. control) participants sell their stock earlier (Experiments 1–3). This effect, however, is contingent on particular features of the market. Fear leads to early sell-off when parti-pant believe the value of the stock is peer generated but not when they believe the value of the stock is computer generated (Experiment 2). Early sell-off as a result of incidental fear also occurs when participants believe their risk attitude is common in the market but not when they believe their risk attitude is unique (Experiment 3). Social projection—that is, people's tendency to rely on their current state of mind to estimate other people's actions—explains the phenomenon.
POOR SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE AND ITS RELATION TO SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MYSORE

OBJECTIVE: Identify the prevalence and type of specific learning disabilities in students with poor scholastic performance. Screen the students with specific learning disabilities for anemia. DESIGN: Simple Random Sampling method. SETTING: Government and semi-aided schools in the city of Mysore. DURATION OF STUDY: 4 months from August 2010 to November 2010. PARTICIPANTS: Students who satisfy the criteria for poor scholastic performance, which is, scoring less than 45% marks or equivalent grades for the past 2years or more aged between 812 yrs. METHODS: Students were administered NIMHANS Index for Specific Learning Disability (SpLD). RESULTS: On physical examination to check signs of anemia it was found that pallor was present in 33 out of 41 subjects (80.5%) and the percentage of girls and boys having pallor is almost the same. On assessing learning parameters it is found that in performance of the normal subjects, number of mistakes, omissions and correct cancellations increased as the standard of the subject increased. In reading, out of all the subjects only 2 had learning disability and 4 had learning difficulty. 24 subjects had learning difficulty in mathematics and 2 students had learning disability in mathematics. All subjects except 2 had adequate auditory memory. Most subjects have a learning difficulty in mathematics. 22 subjects were having a specific learning difficulty and 2 subjects specific learning disability. Subjects were having moderate anemia. CONCLUSION: Specific learning disability and micronutrient deficiency screening should be done in children with poor scholastic performance. Timely treatment and support mechanisms should be provided for these children.
An infrastructure for collaborative teleteaching

Teleteaching is a typical application of collaborative environments. As a basis for implementing teleteaching scenarios, sophisticated distributed software platforms and advanced networking facilities are required. This paper presents such an infrastructure and discusses recent results with its experimental use. In addition to key technological issues such as multimedia information management and distribution, important other aspects of collaborative work are discussed in this context; examples are user interaction, content provision, and acceptance of given solutions. Evaluating the experiences with this collaborative environment, an extended, Java-based environment for advanced teleteaching scenarios has been designed. The paper discusses its architecture and components and gives an outlook to future implementation and evaluation tasks.
Total and HMW adiponectin is independently associated with B-type natriuretic peptide and anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE A number of vasculo-protective roles have been reported for adiponectin. In contrast, higher, rather than lower, plasma adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The mechanisms by which high adiponectin levels are associated with adverse outcome are unclear. METHODS This study measured the level of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectins in 70 patients with HD patients (age: 65.2±8.6 years, man/woman: 30/40), and examined the association between adiponectins, metabolic and echocardiographic parameters. RESULTS Women had a significantly higher total, HMW levels and HMW to total ratio than men. The levels of total and HMW adiponectin were positively correlated with those of HDL-cholesterol and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, high sensitive-C reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin levels. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that HMW adiponectin had an independent association with BMI (β=-0.270, p=0.003), HDL-cholesterol (β=0.356, p<0.001), hemoglobin (β=-0.180, p=0.034) and BNP (β=0.200, p=0.014) as total did adiponectin. CONCLUSION Anemia and BNP levels had independent influence on the total and HMW adiponectin levels in chronic HD patients.