Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smooth hybrid inflation in supergravity with a running spectral index and early star formation

It is shown that in a smooth hybrid inflation model in supergravity adiabatic fluctuations with a running spectral index with ${n}_{s}g1$ on a large scale and ${n}_{s}l1$ on a smaller scale can be naturally generated, as favored by the first-year data of WMAP. It is due to the balance between the nonrenormalizable term in the superpotential and the supergravity effect. However, since smooth hybrid inflation does not last long enough to reproduce the central value of observation, we invoke new inflation after the first inflation. Its initial condition is set dynamically during smooth hybrid inflation and the spectrum of fluctuations generated in this regime can have an appropriate shape to realize early star formation as found by WMAP. Hence two new features of WMAP observations are theoretically explained in a unified manner.
PREDICTING THE GROWTH OF RESTAURANTS USING WEB DATA

The gastronomy industry plays an important role in the economy of many countries. This is especially true for Switzerland, where the gastronomy industry accounts for a large share of all jobs in small and medium enterprises. However, restaurants are facing tough challenges because of the recent economic turmoil. Despite their importance for the economic growth, limited attention has been paid to predicting restaurant growth. In this study, we propose the use of web mining techniques for restaurant growth prediction as a novel approach. Web mining enables automatic and large-scale collection and analysis of potentially valuable data from various online platforms, thus bearing a great potential for growth prediction. First, a systematic literature review on growth factors is conducted, which serves as a base to collect growth-relevant information from the web. Next, web mining methods are applied to automatically collect and extract growth factors from various web data sources. Finally, we build and compare different binary classification models using supervised machine learning algorithms. More specifically, the developed models classify a restaurant either in a nongrowing or growing restaurant. The algorithms for predictive modeling include logistic regressions, random forests and artificial neural networks. Results show that random forests on web data outperform both logistic regressions and artificial neural networks and therefore are recommended for further investigations on predictive modeling of restaurant growth.
CHAPTER 7 HOW NONPROFITS CLOSE Using Narratives to Study Organizational Processes

Organizational theorists have long been interested in why organizations close. These theories attribute closure to newness and small size (Hannan & Freeman, 1989; Stinchcombe, 1965), an inability to reproduce commitment (Starbuck, Greve, & Hedberg, 1977), intra-organizational conflict (Levine, 1978), the lack of human resources and management skills, 11l1favorable niche conditions (Carroll & Swaminathan, 2000; Hannan & Carroll, 1992), the lack of organizational sociopolitical legitimacy (Singh, Tucker, & House, 1986), the lack of connections to other organizations (Baum & Oliver, 1991), and the completion of the organization's mission (Levine, 1978). Most of the studies of organizational closure focliS on uncoveling various correlates of failure. Except for Sutton (1987), few examine the ways that organizations close. This paper focuses on howorganizations close-the process of closure-looking at how events unfold in the process of closure.
Intersectoral Action to Enhance the Social Inclusion of Socially Vulnerable Youth through Sport: An Exploration of the Elements of Successful Partnerships between Youth Work Organisations and Local Sports Clubs

Research shows that participation in sport is positively related to self-esteem, self-regulation skills, and social inclusion. As socially vulnerable youngsters participate less frequently in sports activities than their average peers, youth work organisations try to guide their clients (i.e., socially vulnerable youngsters) to local sports clubs and inclusive sports activities. Inclusive sports activities, however, cannot be provided by youth work organisations alone. Therefore, in the Netherlands, intersectoral action involving both youth work organisations and local sports clubs has emerged. Because youth workers and stakeholders in local sports clubs are not used to collaborating with each other, we explored the factors that contribute to the quality and performance of such intersectoral actions. On the basis of five open interviews with youth workers and three focus groups with stakeholders in local sports clubs, we described factors relating to the organisation of intersectoral action among youth workers and local sports clubs that are preconditions for the success of this specific type of intersectoral action.
Gender and Negotiation: Some Experimental Findings from an International Negotiation Simulation1

Author’s note: The data used in this article can be obtained from the International Studies Quarterly Dataverse Network page at (http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/). 1 The authors wish to thank the editors, the reviewers for ISQ, Mary Caprioli, and Katherine Scheurer for helpful feedback on earlier drafts. The data collection for this article was funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Educational Research and Improvement (now called the Institute for Education Sciences). Information about the IRB approval for this study can be provided upon request.
Immunogenicity and Safety of an MF59 ® -Adjuvanted and a Non-Adjuvanted Inactivated Subunit Influenza Vaccine in Adults Affected by Chronic Diseases

Background: Influenza is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects with chronic diseases, who may also exhibit reduced immunogenicity to conventional influenza vaccines. MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine may enhance their immune response. Methods: We compared immunogenicity and safety of MF59-Adjuvanted Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (ATIV; Fluad®, Novartis Vaccines) and non-adjuvanted subunit (TIV; Agrippal®, Novartis Vaccines) in adults with at least one moderate to severe chronic condition. In this phase III, randomised, controlled, observer-blind study all subjects (18- 60 years of age) received one dose of ATIV (N=180) or TIV (N=179) vaccine during 2006/07 NH influenza season. Immunogenicity was tested using Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay against vaccine and mismatched strains. Subjects were followed for safety for six months. Results: ATIV elicited significantly higher HI geometric mean titres (GMTs; P 97%) were mild to moderate and all resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: ATIV is well tolerated, safe and confers higher and broader immunogenicity, when compared with a TIV, in adults with underlying chronic diseases.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Empirical based agent-based modeling Creating Agents and Landscapes for Multiagent Systems from Random Samples

An important goal of modeling human-environment interactions is to provide scientific information to policymakers and stakeholders in order to better support their planning and decision-making processes. Modern technologies in the fields of GIS and data processing, together with an increasing amount of accessible information, have the potential to meet the varying information needs of policymakers and stakeholders. Multiagent modeling holds the promise of providing an enhanced collaborative framework in which planners, modelers, and stakeholders may learn and interact. The fulfillment of this promise, however, depends on the empirical parameterization of multiagent models. Although multiagent models have been widely applied in experimental and hypothetical settings, only few studies have strong linkages to empirical data and the literature on methods of empirical parameterization is still limited. This paper presents a straightforward approach to parameterize multiagent models in applied development research. The parameterization uses a common sampling frame to randomly select observation units for both biophysical measurements and socioeconomic surveys. The biophysical measurements, i.e., soil properties in this study, are then extrapolated over the landscape using multiple regressions and a digital elevation model. The socioeconomic surveys are used to estimate probability functions for key characteristics of human actors, which are then assigned to the model agents with Monte Carlo techniques. This approach generates a landscape and agent populations that are robust and statistically consistent with empirical observations.
Analysis of joint spectral multipliers on Lie groups of polynomial growth

We study the problem of L^p-boundedness (1 < p < \infty) of operators of the form m(L_1,.,L_n) for a commuting system of self-adjoint left-invariant differential operators L_1,. ,L_n on a Lie group G of polynomial growth, which generate an algebra containing a weighted subcoercive operator. In particular, when G is a homogeneous group and L_1,. ,L_n are homogeneous, we prove analogues of the Mihlin-H\"ormander and Marcinkiewicz multiplier theorems.
The relation between halo shape, velocity dispersion and formation time

We use dark matter haloes identied in the MareNostrum Universe and galaxy groups identied in the Sloan Data Release 7 galaxy catalogue, to study the relation between halo shape and halo dynamics, within small halo mass ranges. A strong shapedynamics, independent of mass, correlation is present in the simulation data, which we nd it to be due to the dierent halo formation time. Early formation time haloes are, at the present time, more spherical and have higher velocity dispersions than late forming-time haloes. The halo shape-dynamics correlation, albeit weaker, survives the projection in 2D (ie., among projected shape and 1-D velocity dispersion). A similar shape-dynamics correlation, independent of mass, is also found in the SDSS DR7 groups of galaxies. In order to investigate the cause of this correlation in the observational data we associate a substructure parameter with the formation time of groups (ie., implying that early formation time groups will have enough time to smooth-out substructures), nding results which are indeed consistent with those of the simulation dark matter haloes. More substructured groups, corresponding to late formation times, have lower velocity dispersions and higher elongations than groups with weak indications of substructure, corresponding to early formation times.
Terahertz dielectric waveguides

Several classes of non-planar metallic and dielectric waveguides have been proposed in the literature for guidance of terahertz (THz) or T-ray radiation. In this review, we focus on the development of dielectric waveguides, in the THz regime, with reduced loss and dispersion. First, we examine different THz spectroscopy configurations and fundamental equations employed for characterization of THz waveguides. Then we divide THz dielectric waveguides into three classes: solid-core, hollow-core, and porous-core waveguides. The guiding mechanism, fabrication steps, measured loss, and dispersion are presented for the waveguides in each class in chronological order. The goal of this review is to compare and contrast the current solutions for guiding THz radiation.
Classroom-BasedFunctional Analysis and Intervention for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders

We conducted functional analyses of disruptive behavior in a classroom setting for two students of typical intelligence with emotional/behavioral disorders (E/BD) using the classroom teacher to implement functional analysis conditions. The functional analyses suggested that both participants' disruptive behavior was maintained by escape from task demands and access to attention. Based on this information, we implemented a DRA procedure in which participants could request either escape or attention while disruption was placed on extinction. DRA decreased the disruptive behavior of both participants and the schedule of reinforcement was successfully thinned to a level that was practical for the classroom teacher to consistently implement.
Evaluation of the Nutritional and Sensory Quality of Nutri-Dense Products for Pre-Schoolers

Preschool children fall in the age group of 1-6 years. They eat four to six times a day making snacks one of the important meals contributing to daily nutrient intake. Thus, present study was conducted with objective to formulate nutrient dense products for pre-schoolers. Products formulated viz., nutri chips and veggi sticks were evaluated with 9-point hedonic scale. Results showed that fried nutri chips and veggi sticks with 15 per cent spinach were best accepted and nutrient analysis revealed that products were good source of energy, protein, fat, iron and fair source of β-carotene, minerals like calcium, magnesium and zinc.
Effects of Fermented Garlic Powder on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Profiles and Fatty Acids Composition of Egg Yolk in Laying Hens

The effects of fermented garlic powder on production performance, egg quality, blood profiles and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. Two-hundred and forty (ISA brown) layers aged 41 weeks were randomly allocated into the following four treatments: i) CON (basal diet); ii) G1 (CON+fermented garlic powder 1.0%); iii) G2 (CON+fermented garlic powder 2.0%) and iv) G3 (CON+fermented garlic powder 3.0%). There were no differences (p>0.05) among treatments in egg production, egg weight, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness throughout the whole experimental period. However, yolk height was increased significantly (p 0.05). There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration when the dietary level of fermented garlic powder was increased from 0.0 to 3.0%. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in response to G2 and G3 while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were higher (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 treatment groups than in CON and G1. Compared with other treatments, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA:SFA ratio were higher (p<0.05) in G3. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that addition of fermented garlic powder reduced plasma cholesterol concentration and did not cause adverse effects on production performance. Moreover, addition of 3.0% garlic powder decreased SFA but increased PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio in egg yolk.
Factors Affecting the Risk-taking Behavior of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

This study examines the capital regulation, profitability, bank size, liquidity, off-balance sheet activities, charter value, dividend payout ratio and macroeconomic variables as determinants of bank risk (credit risk and overall risk) by using information from 30 Bangladeshi commercial banks over a period of 2005-2013. We use Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) in an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. The empirical results show a negative relation between credit risk and capital regulation and a mixed relation between overall risk and capital regulation. We find a negative relation between credit risk and profitability and a positive relation between overall risk and profitability. The results also show that larger banks take higher credit and overall risk. It is also evident that off-balance sheet activities are positively related with both credit and overall risk. We also find that banks with high liquidity take more credit risk. Negative association is found between credit risk and charter value and mixed evidence is found on the relationship between charter value and overall risk. We also observe that dividend payout ratio is not an important factor of bank risk. With regard to the impact of macroeconomic variables we find no significant impact on risk. Finally we find that lagged risk is an important determinant of bank risk.
The Relationship between Prospective Teachers’ Media and Television Literacy and Their Critical Thinking Dispositions

Problem Statement: Teachers play a significant role in shaping students on media literacy and critical thinking. Hence, prospective teachers are required to gain knowledge about media literacy and critical thinking during pre-service training. Provided that prospective teachers who will shape the next generation possess such skills as accessing to knowledge, examining knowledge with a critical perspective and discerning what is good and what is bad, they will be able to guide students to acquire these skills. On this subject, the present study investigated a small number of studies that examine the relationship between media literacy and critical thinking. Purpose of the Study: The aim of the present study is to analyze the relationship between prospective teachers’ media and television literacy levels and their critical thinking dispositions. Method: The research used relational screening models. The sample of the research consisted of 166 prospective teachers studying teacher training course at one of Turkey’s state universities. The study’s research analysis utilized descriptive statistics, MANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation. Findings and Results: The current study found that critical thinking dispositions as well as their media and television literacy differ significantly depending on their gender and major. A medium level positive relationship was revealed between prospective teachers’ general critical thinking disposition scores and the media and television literacy scale literacy subdimension, while there is a low level positive relationship exists between critical thinking and the addiction sub-dimension. Recommendations: Based on the study’s findings, the following recommendations are provided: given prospective teachers’ low critical thinking disposition scores, it is important that higher education curricula be designed for the development of critical thinking skills; moreover, various measures should be taken that aim to provide the appropriate equipment and psychological environment to develop these skills. The present study determined that there is a medium level positive relationship between prospective teachers’ general critical thinking disposition scores and the media and television literacy scale literacy sub-dimension; this relationship between media literacy and critical thinking can be further investigated through different sample groups and different measurement tools. Keywords: Prospective teachers, thinking, critical thinking, media and television literacy
A J-Shaped Cross-Sectional Relation between Dividends and Firm Value

This study identifies a J-shaped relation between dividends and firm value. On average, top-dividend-payers are valued higher than all other firms, while non-dividend-payers are valued higher than low-dividend-payers. This J-shaped relation is highly stable over time as it is observed in nearly every year over the period 1962–2010, and it remains significant after controlling for firm characteristics such as profitability, growth and firm size. We also find similar J-shaped relations in stock markets outside the U.S. Our evidence suggests that dividend theories, such as the dividend catering, free-cash-flow and dividend clientele hypotheses, are inadequate to explain the J-shaped relation. It does not appear that the J-shaped pattern reflects mispricing. There is mixed evidence as to whether the J-shaped relation is driven by dividends or unobservable firm characteristics.
Influence of organic matter on retention and release of lead in a semi-arid soil from India

Lead adsorption/desorption studies were carried out on a soil sample derived from a long-term manurial trial, receiving 30 t/ha of well decomposed farm yard manure (FYM) per annum since 1967. Results were compared with a sample from the adjoining field undergoing similar cropping activities minus FYM. The samples were equilibrated with lead (Pb) concentrations varying from 5-500 μM L-1 at a total electrolyte concentration of 500 μM L-1. The quantities of Pb sorbed increased with equilibrating Pb concentration but the sorption was relatively higher at its lower concentrations. Also, high organic matter (OM) soil retained more Pb in comparison to low OM soil. Power function best described the sorption at low Pb concentrations, whereas linear function was the best fit at high concentrations. Langmuir adsorption was resolved into two components to obtain a linear relationship. The bonding energy and sorption maxima values were higher in high OM soil. Contrary to Langmuir plots, the Freundlich plots were linear at all concentrations and high affinity values for Pb further confirmed the conclusion drawn in Langmuir equation on bonding energy. Neutral salt solutions could extract only a fraction of the sorbed Pb indicating its precipitation. High OM soil tended to maintain high Pb in solution contradicting the earlier belief that OM could be sink for heavy metal ions.
Seroepidemiological Study on Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Meshkin-Shahr District, Ardabil Province, Northwest of Iran during 2006-2007

Background: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Meshkin-Shahr district as endemic areas of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) for presenting control program of HVL to health authorities. Methods: A seroepidemiological study to determine seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) among ownership dogs using direct agglutination tests (DAT) in 21 villages of Meshkin-Shahr district, Ardabil Province was carried out from June 2006 to August 2007. Three hundred and eighty four ownership dogs were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare seroprevalence values relative to gender, age and clinical signs. Results: Of the 384 serum samples tested by DAT, 17.4 %( 95%C.I, 13.2%-20.8%) were positive (1:320 and higher). No statistical significant difference was found between male (16.5%) and female (20.2%) seroprevalence (P=0.416). The highest seroprevalence rate (64.2%) was observed among the ownership dogs of three years age and above. Only 25.4% of the seropositive dogs had clinical signs and symptoms. The most clinical signs among symptomatic dogs were cachexia (75%) and alopecia (36.5%). Conclusion: The majority of seropositive dogs (74.6%) lived in endemic areas of Meshkin-Shahr district were asymptomatic. It seems that all symptomatic and asymptomatic infected dogs are the most important risk factors for human infection in VL endemic areas.