Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Presentation and Early Diagnosis of the Rudimentary Uterine Horn

OBJECTIVE: The key to successful management of the rudimentary uterine horn is early detection. This review of the literature seeks to illustrate important aspects of diagnosis and management of this anomaly. DATA SOURCES: An English language MEDLINE search from 1966 to 2003 was performed, using the search terms “rudimentary uterine horn,” “accessory horn,” “uterus bicornis unicollis,” “hematometra,” “unicornuate or bicornuate uterus,” and “müllerian anomaly. ” References from previously published sources were also obtained. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: One hundred thirty letters, case reports, case series, and review articles featuring rudimentary uterine horn were found. Reports before 1966 were excluded because outcomes before the advent of modern diagnostic techniques were not relevant to this study. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-six rudimentary horn presentations (210 gynecologic and 156 obstetric) were found. Noncommunicating horns accounted for 92% of cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 88–95%, P < .001), and renal anomaly was found in 36% (95% CI 29–44%). Contrary to the American Fertility Society classification of uterine anomalies, rudimentary horns may occur without a corresponding unicornuate uterus. The mean age of presentation was similar for gynecologic and obstetric presentations (23 and 26 years, 95% CIs 21.2–24.6 and 124.9–27.3 years, respectively). Presentation in the third decade of life or later occurred in 78% of patients (95% CI 70–84%, P < .001). Sensitivity of ultrasound examination for diagnosis was 26% (95% CI 18–36%). Diagnosis before clinical symptoms occurred in 14% (95% CI 7–23%). CONCLUSION: Many functional noncommunicating horns present during or after the third decade of life with acute obstetric uterine rupture. Surgical removal before pregnancy is recommended. Rates of prerupture diagnosis remain disappointingly low.
CBCL Clinical Scales Discriminate ADHD Youth With Structured-Interview Derived Diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Objective: To evaluate the association between the clinical scales of the child behavior checklist (CBCL) and the comorbid diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in a large sample of youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: The sample consisted of 101 girls and 106 boys ages 6 to17 with ADHD. Conditional probability analysis was used to examine the correspondence between CBCL Clinical Scales with the structured-interview derived diagnosis of ODD. Results: Conditional probability analysis showed that the CBCL Aggression Scale best predicted a structured-interview derived diagnosis of ODD in boys and girls with ADHD. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the CBCL Aggression Scale could serve as a rapid and cost-effective screening instrument to help identify cases likely to meet clinical criteria for ODD in the context of ADHD (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 12(1) 76-82)
Interrelationship of Glucagon, Insulin and Glucose: The Insulinogenic Effect of Glucagon

Glucagon in doses of 0.25 or 1.0 mg. was injected rapidly, intravenously, into healthy normal subjects. There was a striking rise in arterial immunoreactive insulin levels within one minute of the start ot the injection before any change in arterial glucose concentration occurred Plasma insulin levels reached their peak within ten minutes and began to fall thereafter. In contrast, blood glucose levels were highest twenty to thirty minutes after the injection. A second glucagon injection during the hyperglycemic phase produced a larger rise in plasma insulin than the first. During constant infusions of smaller amounts of glucagon, the insulinogenic effect of glucagon was usually only apparent if blood glucose levels were raised. The effect of consecutive forty-minute intravenous infusions of glucagon (10μg./min.), glucose (0.5 gm./min.) and a glucagon-glucose (5μg. and 250 mg./min., respectively) on plasma insulin and arterio-venous blood glucose differences in six healthy normal subjects was studied. Plasma insulin levels were two to five times higher during glucose infusions alone, despite similar peak arterial blood glucose levels during the infusions. Similar results were obtained in other subjects during separate infusions of glucose and glucagon. Total body glucose clearance, judged by the rate of fall in arterial blood glucose levels, was faster after glucagon- than after glucose-induced hyperglycemia. Forearm A-V blood glucose differences were not obviously greater during glucagon, in spite of the higher plasma insulin levels, than during glucose infusions. Possible reasons for the failure of forearm A-V blood glucose differences to reflect accurately total peripheral glucose assimilation under these experimental conditions are discussed, and it is suggested that the co-existence of hyperglucagonemia and hyperinsulinemia may tend to favor incorporation of glucose into adipose tissue rather than muscle. Plasma glucagon levels were measured by immunoassay and the half-life was about ten minutes. The results provide evidence of a direct effect of glucagon upon insulin secretion. The suggestion is made that the insulinogenic effect of glucagon is physiological importance and is due to accelerated intra-β-cell glycogenolysis.
Influence of Spartina alterniflora and tide level on the structure of polychaete associations in an euryhallne salt marsh in cananéia lagoon estuarine region (SE Brazil)

Analisou-se a composicao, abundância e variacao sazonal de especies de poliquetas em relacao a cobertura vegetal de Spartina alterniflora e o nivel de mare na Ponta do Arrozal, Cananeia, nos anos 1989/1990. Duas estacoes entremares foram estabelecidas no cinturao de S. alterniflora, uma na linha da media de mares altas de quadratura (LMMQ) e outra, na linha da media de mares altas de sizigia (LMMS). Duas outras estacoes de coleta foram estabelecidas a niveis de mare correspondentes, em um local adjacente desprovido de vegetacao. Cada estacao foi amostrada duas vezes a cada estacao do ano, com auxilio de um corer de 20 em de diâmetro. Foram obtidas 17 especies, sendo as mais abundantes Capitella capitata, Isolda pulchella, Nereis oligohalina e Lumbrineris sp. Diferencas estatisticamente significativas foram observadas em relacao ao numero de especies, densidade, diversidade e equidade, sendo os valores destes indices sempre maiores no local vegetado. A analise multivariada mostrou uma variacao espacial da fauna em relacao a presenca de cobertura vegetal e niveis de mare. Em relacao a cobertura vegetal, associacoes de poliquetas foram distinguiveis principalmente pelas diferentes densidades das especies mais comuns, ja que a maioria destas especies foram encontradas em ambos os locais. Em relacao ao nivel de mare, tanto as densidades quanto o numero de especies foram significativamente mais altos no nivel LMMQ, principalmente no local desprovido de vegetacao.
STATUS DIFFERENTIATION AND THE COHESION OF SOCIAL NETWORKS

This article examines the effects of status differentiation on the cohesion of a social structure. Using a formal model, we simulate the fates of a hypothetical cohort of newly hired employees, who are equals in the eyes of their boss and in the nascent stages of sorting into a status hierarchy. We cast these employees in a process in which they exert effort, receive public approval from the boss in exchange, and thus come to fill different places in a status order. We then consider the circumstances under which these workers cohere as a group and when, by contrast, differentiation makes cohesion among them unlikely. Our results show that the extent of the boss's autonomy in relationship to employees accounts for this difference in outcomes. Under an autonomous boss, as differentiation transpires, status-based social forces break the group of workers apart. Conversely, when the boss occupies a compromised position, group-level cohesion coexists with differentiation. Our main contribution is the intuition that the cohesion-related consequences of status differentiation can substantially depend on the tie between contestants and their external audience. We conclude by developing conjectures for empirical research consistent with our main findings.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor is catabolic and shares with IL-6 the capacity to induce an acute phase response.

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily, has recently been shown to induce several inflammatory responses when administered to healthy animals, including induction of fever and a hepatic acute phase protein response. In the present report, 250 micrograms.kg body wt-1.day-1 of recombinant rat CNTF or murine IL-6 were repeatedly administered to healthy mice over a 7-day period in an effort to compare biological responses. In addition to its in vivo capacity to elicit a hepatic acute phase response, administration of CNTF, but not IL-6, produced profound anorexia and lean tissue wasting in mice. In C57B1/6 mice, 7 days of CNTF administration led to a 21% loss in carcass protein content, resulting from carcass protein breakdown rates being increased 218% over freely fed controls (both P < 0.01). Protein synthesis rates in carcass protein were also increased in CNTF-treated mice compared with both freely fed animals and mice pair-fed equivalent quantities of food. In contrast, administration of equivalent quantities of murine IL-6 had no effect on food intake or body weight in mice, although IL-6 produced a similar hepatic acute phase response, as determined by increases in serum amyloid P and seromucoid fraction and increases in total hepatic protein synthesis. However, when CNTF was coincubated with extensor digitorum longus muscles from juvenile rats in vitro, rates of total muscle and myofibrillar protein degradation and muscle protein synthesis were unchanged. We conclude that CNTF can regulate in vivo both skeletal muscle remodeling as well as the distant anorexia and hepatic acute phase protein responses. In the case of skeletal muscle, these actions are both indirect and independent of the associated anorexia. These properties of CNTF are distinct from IL-6, which when administered to the mouse at these doses is neither anorexigenic nor cachexia producing.
Dietary Intakes of Folic Acid and Methionine in Early Childhood Are Associated with Body Composition at School Age.

BACKGROUND Deficiency of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, folate, folic acid, or methionine may lead to dysregulation of DNA methylation, which might lead to disturbed energy and lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore whether intakes of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, folate, folic acid, and methionine at 1 y are associated with measures of growth and body composition at the age of 6 y. METHODS This study was performed in 2922 children participating in The Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. Dietary intakes of vitamins B-6 and B-12, folate, folic acid, and methionine were assessed at a median age of 12.9 mo by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. At the age of 6 y, height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) was calculated. Body fat was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body fat percentage and the ratio of android fat mass to gynoid fat mass (android:gynoid) were calculated. RESULTS In models adjusted for maternal and child characteristics, children with folic acid intakes in the highest tertile had a 0.16 SD score (SDS) lower weight (95% CI: -0.31, -0.02 SDS) and a 0.14 SDS lower BMI (95% CI: -0.26, -0.01 SDS) than children in the lowest tertile. Children with vitamin B-12 intakes in the highest tertile had a 0.13 SDS higher android:gynoid (95% CI: 0.00, 0.25 SDS) than children in the lowest tertile. In addition, children with intakes in the highest tertile of methionine had a 0.09 SDS higher BMI (95% CI: 0.01, 0.17) and a 0.12 SDS higher android:gynoid (95% CI: 0.02, 0.22) than children in the lowest tertile. Vitamin B-6 and folate intakes were not associated with any of the body composition outcomes measured. CONCLUSIONS In this population of children, early high folic acid intakes were associated with a lower body weight and BMI at the age of 6 y. In contrast, early higher methionine intakes were associated with unfavorable body composition at the age of 6 y. Future studies should investigate long-term consequences of these outcomes on health.
Daptomycin Exerts Bactericidal Activity without Lysis of Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT The ability of daptomycin to produce bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus while causing negligible cell lysis has been demonstrated using electron microscopy and the membrane integrity probes calcein and ToPro3. The formation of aberrant septa on the cell wall, suggestive of impairment of the cell division machinery, was also observed.
A Survey of Haematological Values in Sydney

Summary A survey of haematological values in Sydney was conducted in conjunction with the Sydney Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Programme. The sample consisted of 4374 ‘self‐referred’ Sydney inhabitants between 11–90 yr of age. Comparison of the haemoglobin concentrations with those obtained in 2 previous Australian surveys suggested that the haemoglobin values in Australia have not varied in the last 25 yr.
Bank Failures, Risk Monitoring and the Market for Bank Control

Not since the Great Depression has there been such concern in the popular press about the fundamental stability of the banking industry. This apparent decline in public confidence stems from the unprecedented increase in the incidence of bank failures during the past decade. From 1946 to 1984 the average failure rate for banks was a modest . 07%, but from 1984 to 1987 this rate increased five-fold to . 37%. 1 Although this failure rate is still quite small compared with the failure rate for firms throughout the rest of the economy,2 the large stake that the federal government has in the financial stability of banks, and the widespread perception that healthy banks are especially important to the economy, suggest that concern about the increasing incidence of bank failures is warranted. 3 The absolute number of bank failures is not particularly large. One hundred twenty banks failed in 1985,4 145 failed in 1986,5 and 184
Control of severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage with an infusible platelet-derived hemostatic agent in a nonhuman primate (rhesus macaque) model

BACKGROUND Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of potentially survivable trauma mortality. Recent reports indicate that injuries sustained in noncompressible anatomic locations (i.e., truncal and junctional) account for 86.5% of hemorrhage-related deaths. Infusible human platelet-derived hemostatic agents (hPDHAs) represent a promising strategy to reduce blood loss from noncompressible injuries. Here, we evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of a lyophilized hPDHA in a rhesus macaque model of severe, uncontrolled hemorrhage. METHODS Hemorrhage was induced via laparoscopic 60% left-lobe hepatectomy in anesthetized rhesus macaques (T = 0 minute). Treatment infusion began with an 11-mL bolus (T = 5–6 minutes) of either 5% albumin solution (control; n = 8) or hPDHA (1.2 × 1010 platelet equivalents, n = 8), followed by 2.8-mL/min 0.9% normal saline at T = 6–20 minutes. Resuscitation continued with normal saline (0.22 mL/kg/min) to a total volume of 20 mL/kg at T = 120 minutes, at which time surgical hemostasis was achieved and percent blood loss quantified. Animals were monitored until T = 480 minutes and then euthanized, and necropsy was performed with emphasis on intravascular and end-organ thrombi. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; significance, p < 0.05. RESULTS Both groups exhibited a ∼70% decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from T = 0–5 minutes. Percent blood loss was 44.2 ± 3.9% in hPDHA animals, and 44.3 ± 3.3% in controls. Survival rates were 4 of 8 for hPDHA animals and 7 of 8 for controls. Regardless of treatment, percent blood loss was greater (p < 0.02) in nonsurviving animals (55 ± 2%, n = 5) compared with surviving animals (42% ± 3%, n = 11). No pathologic intravascular thrombi were observed in either group. CONCLUSION The isolated administration of hPDHA did not significantly reduce blood loss; however, thrombocytopenia was not present in the model, and clinically, platelets would be administered in combination with plasma. Mortality was not statistically different between groups (p = 0.14) but was related to blood loss. Future studies should consider the use of hPDHA in combination with additional therapeutics (e.g., factors) and a model that incorporates thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION OF LIPID- AND WATER-SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS: A NEW APPROACH

An approach to the localization of isotopically labelled lipid-soluble and water-soluble substances by autoradiography is presented. Previous attempts to retain such substances in situ in tissues have often been unsuccessful due to diffusion in the media involved in tissue preparation; and at the interface between the emulsion and the tissue section. Rats were given estradiol-H3 and aspirin-H3 as representatives of lipid-soluble and partially water-soluble compounds. After removal, tissues were quick frozen, frozen-dried, fixed in the vapor phase with osmium tetroxide or paraformaldehyde and vacuum embedded in Epon. One-micron sections were coated with emulsion and subsequently developed. Discrete localization of isotope was seen in autoradiographs. Data is presented to demonstrate the marked solubility of these compounds in the media used for routine fixation and dehydration, in contrast to their insolubility in epoxy resin. These findings present an opportunity for the cellular localization of numerous compounds by autoradiography that heretofore has not been possible.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Cd4 T-Cell Count Responses among HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users

Objective To evaluate the time to CD4 cell count response (≥50 cells/mm3) among patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with and without a history of injection drug use, and to examine the potential role of non-adherence to HAART on differential CD4 responses. Methods Population-based analysis of treatment-naive patients initiating HAART during the period 1 August 1996 to 31 July 2000 and who were followed until 31 March 2002. Patients were stratified based on 95% adherence and history of injection drug use, and Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression were used to evaluate CD4 response rates and factors associated with CD4 responses. Results Overall, the CD4 cell count response rate was slower among injection drug users in Kaplan-Meier analyses (log-rank: P<0.05). However, no differences existed when the analyses were restricted to adherent patients (log-rank: P=0.349). Similarly, the differences in the time to CD4 cell count response observed in univariate Cox regression analyses for patients with a history of injection drug use [relative hazard: 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75–0.97)] diminished after adjustment for adherence [adjusted relative hazard: 1.02 (95% CI: 0.89–1.16)]. Conclusion These data demonstrate the importance of adherence on CD4 cell count responses and highlight the need for interventions to improve antiretroviral adherence among injection drug user.
Endothelial Cells Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Macrophages through a C/EBP-Dependent Mechanism

ABSTRACT Macrophages are early targets of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and serve as potential reservoirs for long-term infection. Through inflammatory mediators and direct cell contact, infected macrophages interact with neighboring cell populations, such as the endothelium, which create a microenvironment favorable for HIV-1 replication. We hypothesize that the transcriptional activator C/EBPβ is critical for macrophages to respond to endothelial cell-derived signals. We show that endothelial cells significantly enhance C/EBPβ binding activity and HIV-1 replication in macrophages. This increase in HIV-1 transcription is due to cell-cell contact as well as the production of soluble factors, mediated in part by ICAM-1 and interleukin 6, respectively. Furthermore, C/EBP factors are necessary for endothelial cell-dependent activation of HIV-1 transcription in macrophages, and HIV-1 induction can be inhibited by a C/EBP dominant-negative protein. In addition, C/EBP binding sites are necessary for efficient LTR activity and HIV-1 replication in the presence of endothelial cells. Taken together, these results indicate that endothelial cells, through the activation of C/EBPβ, provide a microenvironment that supports HIV-1 replication in monocytes/macrophages.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Agonist Inhibits Synthesis of Nitric Oxide and Steroidogenesis by Luteal Cells in the Pregnant Rat1

Abstract We have demonstrated that continuous administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-Ag) in vivo suppressed progesterone production and induced apoptosis in the corpus luteum (CL) of the pregnant rat. To investigate the mechanism(s) by which progesterone secretion is suppressed and apoptosis is induced in the luteal cells, we studied nitric oxide (NO) as a messenger molecule for GnRH action. Rats were treated individually on Day 8 of pregnancy with 5µg/day of GnRH-Ag for 4, 8, and 24 h. GnRH-Ag decreased the production of progesterone and pregnenolone 8 and 24 h after the administration. Corresponding with the reduction in these steroid hormones, luteal NO concentrations decreased at 8 and 24 h. Western blotting and immunohistochemical studies of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the CL demonstrated that administration of GnRH-Ag was associated with a marked decrease in eNOS and iNOS compared with sham controls at 4 and 8 h, but nNOS did not change throughout the experimental period. We demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of nNOS protein in the CL of the pregnant rat. To determine if this suppressive action of GnRH-Ag is directly on the CL, luteal cells were treated with GnRH-Ag for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h in vitro. Progesterone and NO concentrations in the media decreased at 8 and 12 h after the treatment and recovered at 24 h. Western blots revealed that eNOS and iNOS decreased in luteal cells treated with GnRH-Ag compared with controls at 4 and 8 h. These results demonstrate that suppression of luteal NO synthesis by GnRH-Ag is direct and leads to a decrease in the luteal production and release of progesterone and pregnenolone and thus suggest that GnRH could induce luteolysis in pregnant rats via NO.
Outcome of Delivery Subsequent to Vacuum ‐ Aspiration Abortion in Nulliparous Women

Abstract. Altogether 4719 women who had had a legally induced abortion in Uppsala County during 1970 — 75 were followed by means of computerized record linkage, and deliveries during 1970 — 78 after abortion were noted. Out of 1 364 deliveries traced, 670 were to primiparas who had had a previous vacuum‐aspiration (VA) abortion. The outcome of the delivery for the 670 women was compared with that of matched controls, 622 primiparas and 626 secundiparas. Confounding variables were checked for by multiple regression analysis using the infant's birthweight and gestational duration as dependent variables. This analysis showed that the abortion did not have a statistically significant effect on the outcome. Low birth weight infants and preterm delivery did not occur more often after a previous VA abortion.