Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Final tau-neutrino results from the DONuT experiment

The DONuT experiment collected data in 1997 and published first results in 2000 based on four observed {nu}{sub {tau}} charged-current (CC) interactions. The final analysis of the data collected in the experiment is presented in this paper, based on 3.6x10{sup 17} protons on target using the 800 GeV Tevatron beam at Fermilab. The number of observed {nu}{sub {tau}} CC events is 9 with an estimated background of 1.5 events, from a total of 578 observed neutrino interactions. We calculate the {nu}{sub {tau}} CC cross section as a function of one parameter. Assuming D{sub s} mesons are the sole source for {nu}{sub {tau}}, the energy-independent part of the total CC cross section can be parametrized as {sigma}{sup const}({nu}{sub {tau}})=2.51n{sup 1.52}x10{sup -40} cm{sup 2} GeV{sup -1} for n{>=}4, where n is the parameter controlling the longitudinal part of the D{sub s} differential cross section of the form d{sigma}/dx{sub F}{proportional_to}(1-|x{sub F}|){sup n}. The analysis could not distinguish between {nu}{sub {tau}} and {nu}{sub {tau}}. The value of n obtained from Pythia simulations, n=6.1, gives an estimated value of {sigma}{sup const}({nu}{sub {tau}})=(0.39{+-}0.13{+-}0.13)x10{sup -38} cm{sup 2} GeV{sup -1}.
ROLE OF YOUTH ASSOCIATIONS IN INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KHANA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF THE NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA

The study investigated the Role of Youth Associations in Infrastructural Development in Khana Local Government Area of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. With the aid of a structured and validated questionnaire, data were obtained from a random sample size of 80 respondents selected from 20 youth associations randomly selected from the 32 registered youth associations in the study area. Data analysis was by the use of frequency, percentage and mean scores. Results showed that majority of the respondents are males (62.5%); falls within the age of 26 and 30 years; 50.0% of them are married; while 38.8% are civil servants. The infrastructural development activities youth associations participate in the study area include: road maintenance (mean = 2.92), construction and maintenance of market square (mean = 2.59), building/mounting of sign posts (mean = 3.21), and construction of drainages (mean = 2.70). The study also revealed that youth associations play active roles in project planning (mean = 2.81), project implementation (2.91), deciding and selecting appropriate projects (mean = 3.21), mobilize community members for project support (mean = 3.27), organize project fund raising forum (mean = 3.80), provide security at community project sites (mean = 3.36), among others. It was recommended that youth associations should liaise with donor agencies and non-governmental organizations in project planning and implementation to reduce the burdens of embarking on some of these projects alone. Youth associations should be encouraged to cooperate with donor agencies and play other critical roles other than finance, such as providing labour and security at project sites.
On the asymmetry between subject and object relative clauses in discourse context

Abstract: This paper investigates the possibility of an effect of contextual information during the processing of sentences containing subject relative clauses (SRCs) and object relative clauses (ORCs) in Brazilian Portuguese. The predictions from one-stage models and from syntaxoriented approaches to sentence processing are outlined. An eye-tracking experiment is reported in which SRCs and ORC were presented when preceded by narrative contexts that could either favor a subject or an object relative clause analysis. The results suggest that ORCs are harder to process when compared to SRCs, no matter what discourse contexts they are inserted in. The contextual effect obtained here can be ascribed to a pre-syntactic priming, ie. a priming effect which arises during lexical access. The possibility of pre- and post-syntactic contextual effects in the processing of RCs is discussed. Keywords: relative clauses; sentence-processing; eye-tracking. Resumo: Este trabalho investiga, no Portugues Brasileiro, a possibilidade de um efeito de informacao contextual no processamento de sentencas contendo oracoes relativas de sujeito (RS) e de objeto (RO), considerando os possiveis impactos dessa integracao para a assimetria de custo entre RSs e ROs. Previsoes de modelos de base estrutural e de modelos interativos sao comparadas. Um experimento de rastreamento ocular e relatado em que relativas de sujeito e de objeto foram apresentadas em contextos narrativos que favoreceriam o processamento, ou de uma relativa de sujeito, ou de uma relativa de objeto. Os resultados sugerem que ROs tem maior custo quando comparadas a relativas de sujeito, independentemente do contexto discursivo no qual estao inseridas. O efeito de informacao contextual obtido pode ser atribuido a um efeito de priming pre-sintatico, ou seja, um efeito de priming durante o acesso lexical. Discute-se a possibilidade de efeitos contextuais pre e possintaticos no processamento de oracoes relativas. Palavras-chave: oracoes relativas; compreensao da linguagem; rastreamento ocular.
Depression in elderly patients with hearing loss: current perspectives

Abstract Hearing loss (HL) is highly common in older adulthood, constituting the third most prevalent chronic health condition in this population. In addition to posing a substantial burden to disease and negatively impacting quality of life, an emerging literature highlights that HL is associated with unipolar depression including among older adults. This review outlines evidence examining the HL and depression relationship as well as clinical implications for assessment and treatment of comorbid depression and HL. Although prevalence estimates of comorbid depression in HL vary, as many as 1 in 5 experience clinically relevant depression symptoms. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that HL is related to increased unipolar depression symptoms, although the strength of the association varies between studies. A range of methodological variations, such as inclusion age, severity of HL and assessment of depression, likely underpin this heterogeneity. Overall, however, the evidence clearly points to an association of HL with clinically relevant depression symptoms. The association with the diagnosis of major depression disorder remains less clear and under-researched. HL is also associated with a range of other poor mental health outcomes in older adults, including anxiety and suicidal ideation, and predicts poorer cognitive functioning. Accordingly, assessment and treatment of comorbid depression in HL is pertinent to promote mental well-being among older adults. Currently, evidence regarding best practice for treating depression in HL remains scant. Preliminary evidence indicates that audiological rehabilitation, including use of hearing aids, as well as community-based hearing interventions can also improve mental health. Psychological intervention that enhances communication skills and addresses coping strategies might also be beneficial for this population. Additionally, evidence suggests that online interventions are feasible and may circumvent communication difficulties in therapy associated with HL. Due to poor help-seeking among this population, an enhanced focus on specific and targeted assessment and treatment is likely necessary to ensure reduced mental health burden among older adults with HL.
Motivation of cancer patients to help others and the relation between posttraumatic growth and helping

background Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is related to positive psychological changes following people’s struggle with trauma. The PTG model suggests that one of its possible consequences may be higher motivation towards helping behaviours. The aim of the research was to explore the influence of cancer illness on the motivation to help others, as perceived by participants, and the mechanisms behind such behaviour.
Microbial Protein Production In The Rumen Of Steers Fed Low Quality Forage Supplemented With Various Levelsof Palm Kernel Or Copra Meal

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji pengaruh peningkatan konsumsi bungkil kelapa sawit (BKS) atau bungkil kelapa (BK) terhadap produksi protein mikroba, efisiensi produksi protein mikroba dalam rumen, parameter di dalam rumen pada pedet Brahman jantan dengan pakan dasar rumput berkualitas rendah. Sebanyak 10 ekor pedet Brahman jantan dialokasikan pada dua jenis suplemen yang dicobakan. Pedet diberikan pakan dasar berupa rumput benggala secara ad libitum. Sebagai perlakuan, BKS dan BK diberikan sebagai suplemen masing-masing adalah 0,0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0 % dari berat badan per hari (BB/hari). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah bujur sangkar latin ganda tidak lengkap (5x5), yang masing – masing dengan 3 periode sebagai ulangan. Setiap periode terdiri atas 21 hari untuk masa adaptasi dan 7 hari untuk pengukuran. Pemberian suplemen BKS atau BK pada pakan hijauan yang berkualitas rendah dapat meningkatkan secara linier (P 0,05) oleh peningkatan konsumsi BKS atau BK. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi bungkil kelapa sawit atau bungkil kelapa sampai pada level 1,0% BB/hari pada pedet yang mengkonsumsi rumput berkualitas rendah, dapat meningkatkan produksi protein mikroba dan efisiensi produksi protein mikroba di dalam rumen. Peningkatan tersebut erat kaitannya dengan peningkatan konsentrasi NH3-N di dalam rumen sebagai akibat dari peningkatan konsumsi suplemen.
Effects of Oral Antioxidants on Lesion Counts Associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Papulopustular Acne

Background: There has been an increasing focus on the extent to which oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of acne. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oral Silymarin, N-acetylcysteine and Selenium in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods: A randomized prospective clinical trial was carried out on 56 patients with acne vulgaris who were examined clinically by dermatologist and classified according to disease severity. Serum levels of Glutathione, Malondialdehyde and Interleukine-8 in the acne patients were measured pre- and eight weeks post-treatment with oral antioxidants and compared to that of 28 healthy volunteers. The clinical follow- up was done every two weeks to assess the changes in the number of inflammatory lesions. Results: Administration of antioxidants to patients with acne vulgaris significantly reduce serum Malondialdehyde level; and increased serum level of Glutathione after eight weeks compared to pre-treatment value, also significantly reduce Interleukine-8 serum levels and the number of inflammatory lesions in patients with acne compared to placebo. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study clearly showed the beneficial effect of Silymarin, N-acetylcysteine and Selenium to patients with acne vulgaris as indicated by the clinical improvement that strongly and positively correlated with improvement in biochemical data.
Iron Deficiency Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among Teenagers in Najran, Saudi Arabia

Background: Anemia is a major health problem throughout the world, among teenagers it is considered as a critical global health problem. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia besides exploring the associated risk factors among the selected subjects. Methodology: It is a communitybased cross-sectional survey that was carried out in Najran city during the period from April 2018 to December 2018. By adopting a convenient sampling technique, 240 subjects that aged 13-19 years old had been recruited to participate. Additionally, a blood sample was taken and analyzed for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, iron and ferritin levels. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 14.1 (± 3.4). The overall prevalence of anemia among teenagers in Najran was 22.5% with mean Hb value of 9.4 (± 1.36) g/dl, MCV mean value of 68 (± 9.11) fl and serum iron mean value of 13.7 (± 6.5) U/L. Among anemic subjects 3 (5.6%), 17 (31.5%) and 34 (63%) had severe, moderate and mild anemia respectively. More than 68% (n=164) of them don’t consume red meat frequently and was not significantly associated with anemia (p>0.05). Additionally, frequent eating of vegetables, frequent eating of white meat and drinking tea or coffee were also found not to be significantly associated with anemia (OR=1.19, 0.83-1.73; OR=0.72, 0.47-1.12, and OR=1.32, 0.89-1.98) with p>0.05 respectively. Conclusion: Anemia is a moderate health problem in the current study area. Interventional health education programs should be conducted in schools, universities or at youth clubs to highlight the risk factors of anemia as well as to encourage the intake of miscellaneous diets which include iron-rich foods and fruits that contain vitamin C that enhances iron absorption.
SELF-EFFICACY: DO FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS FEEL LIKE ENGINEERS?

Self-efficacy, a belief that one can achieve a certain level of attainment, is important to student retention in engineering and technology fields. Developing ways to increase self-efficacy should be a primary concern for engineering programs. Several key tasks will be investigated including (a) the importance of design projects to self-efficacy in first-year engineering, and (b) making first-year engineering students feel like engineers. A team-based “Cornerstone” design project was undertaken by first-year engineering students as part of a Design and Graphics course. Two groups of firstyear engineering students were surveyed, (1) students who had completed the course and design project in first term, and (2) students who were enrolled in the second term offering of the same course, before completing the design project. The survey focused on Bandura’s four identified sources of self-efficacy: (a) Mastery experiences, (b) Vicarious experiences, (c) Social persuasions, and (d) Physiological states, as well as a fifth often added characteristic (e) Drive and motivation. Additionally, students were asked to quantify their agreement or disagreement to the statement “I feel like an Engineer. ” This paper will present the results between these two groups and will be of interest to faculty involved in freshmen design.
Estimated live weight of growing Pêga breed donkeys

EnglishThe equations available in the literature to estimate the body weight (BW) of Pega breed donkeys were evaluated using 25 animals aged 0-6 months and it was proposed an equation for BW prediction. For the measurement of the thoracic perimeter (TP) and for weighing the animals using the weighing tape, the animals were positioned in a forced station on a steep slope. An electronic scale was used for the determination of the BW. Accuracy of linear and nonlinear equations described in the literature was tested for BW prediction based on the animals’ TP, followed by the comparison of these equations with the equation developed in the present study for BW prediction of Pega breed donkeys. A difference was noted (P Key words: accuracy; asinine; equations; estimation; growth portuguesO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar equacoes de estimativa de peso vivo (PV) disponiveis na literatura e propor uma equacao para predicao de PV de jumentos da raca Pega, utilizando 25 animais do nascimento aos seis meses de idade. Para a mensuracao do perimetro toracico (PT) e pesagem atraves da fita de peso, os animais foram posicionados em estacao forcada. Uma balanca eletronica foi utilizada para determinar o PV. A acuracia de equacoes lineares e nao lineares descritas na literatura foi testada para predicao do PV, baseado no PT dos animais, e realizou-se comparacoes dessas equacoes com a equacao desenvolvida no presente estudo para predicao do PV dos jumentos Pega. Houve diferenca (P Palavras-chave: acuracia; asininos; crescimento; equacoes; estimativa
Measuring the degree to which probability weighting affects risk-taking Behavior in financial decisions

The paper investigates the importance of probability weighting in financial decisions and examines the degree to which risk-taking behavior deviates from expected utility theory in the presence of probability weighting. A group of professional traders participates in an experiment, whose data are used to calculate risk and uncertainty premiums. This framework allows measuring and disentangling the impact of probability weighting on risk perceptions and behavior. Several findings emerge. Professional traders exhibit probability weighting which has a substantial and heterogeneous effect on behavior. Probability weighting affects tradersâ€™ perceptions of their own risk attitude more intensely than it affects their actual behavior. Finally, risk-averse or risk-seeking behavior is more intense under conditions of uncertainty than it is under conditions of risk. These findings are consistent with previous studies, but provide new insights on several dimensions of trading decisions, and offer insights into market movements.
Oxidation of Ethylene–Air Mixtures at Elevated Pressures, Part 1: Experimental Results

Shock-tube experiments have been performed to determine ignition delay times of undiluted ethylene–air mixtures for temperatures from 1003 to 1401 K, at equivalence ratios from 0.3 to 2.0, and at pressures from 1.1 to 24.9 atm. Ethylene was the focus of this study because of its importance in the oxidation of higher-order hydrocarbons. The data exhibited some interesting behavior not typically seen in other lower-order hydrocarbons. For example, the fuel-lean mixtures showed virtually no pressure dependence, whereas at stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions the usual trend of decreasing ignition delay time with increasing pressure was seen. The results are compared with other experimental data available in the literature and to a chemical kinetics model that has been developed over the past few years using primarily high-pressure lower-order hydrocarbon ignition delay times. The original agreement between the model and experiments at the time the data were first obtained was fair at best, stressing the i.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Trade of African Countries

It is not uncommon to see African countries struggling to address their foreign currency shortage. FDI is presumed to play a role in addressing this problem. With this in mind, the main objective of the study is to determine the relationship between FDI and trade balance (import and export) of African countries for the period 1980 to 2007. Due to data heterogeneity, non-continuity and because the Hausman test favours it over the Random effect technique, Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) regression method is used. The elasticities of both export and import for FDI stock is + 0.043266 and + 0.031987 respectively and are statistically significant. This indicates that the positive impact of FDI on balance of trade through export promotion is more than offset by its negative effect of boosting import as these countries are highly import dependent. Investment policy makers in those countries should direct foreign investors towards those areas involving export promotion, import substitution and local factor intensive investments.
Capital structure decisions for financially constrained firms: A pre- and post-crisis analysis

The presented thesis focuses on dynamics of capital structure decisions of financially constrained and unconstrained firms listed on Stockholm Stock Exchange. It examines the effect of the global financial crisis on the corporate financing decision. The first chapter introduces the topic, discusses its importance and outlines the contribution to the empirical research. The second chapter the relevant literature is reviewed in two parts – the general capital structure theories and the theory regarding financially constrained firms. The third chapter clarifies the approach taken to answer the research questions the thesis aims to answer, together with description of data and variables used. It also addresses the problem of constraint identification. The fourth chapter then discusses the results obtained from the available dataset. We find that six capital structure determinants are sufficient to explain most of the variation of the corporate capital structure. We provide evidence that the recent global financial crisis had a mild effect on Stockholm-listed companies in terms of capital structure. Further, we discover a change in the capital structure of the firms in the sample during the crisis with no reversion to the pre-crisis values. We identify and contrast significant differences in the behavior of constrained and unconstrained firms. Finally, we conclude the paper by emphasizing the key empirical findings on the selected sample of listed and delisted Swedish companies for the period 2003-2014.
Problems with Communication Quality in Commitment Management

Quality is becoming more and more important for companies in order to survive on the market. One of the critical issues in order to sustain quality are how companies can improve their commitment management. The concept of commitment management is in this paper focused upon how companies and customers are creating committments and how these committments are fulfilled. The reason for addressing this issue is that we in a number of empirical case studies have found that a lot of quality and efficiency problems can be explained by problems in commitment management and deficiencies in IT-systems in order to support this process. The aim of the paper is to describe, discuss and analyse some of these problem from a communication quality perspective.
The SDSS-DR12 large-scale cross-correlation of damped Lyman alpha systems with the Lyman alpha forest

We present a measurement of the damped Ly α absorber (DLA) mean bias from the cross-correlation of DLAs and the Ly α forest, updating earlier results of Font-Ribera et al. (2012) with the final Baryon Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey data release and an improved method to address continuum fitting corrections. Our cross-correlation is well fitted by linear theory with the standard ΛCDM model, with a DLA bias of b_DLA = 1.99 ± 0.11; a more conservative analysis, which removes DLA in the Ly β forest and uses only the cross-correlation at r > 10 h^−1 Mpc, yields b_DLA = 2.00 ± 0.19. This assumes the cosmological model from Planck Collaboration (2016) and the Ly α forest bias factors of Bautista et al. (2017)and includes only statistical errors obtained from bootstrap analysis. The main systematic errors arise from possible impurities and selection effects in the DLA catalogue and from uncertainties in the determination of the Ly α forest bias factors and a correction for effects of high column density absorbers. We find no dependence of the DLA bias on column density or redshift. The measured bias value corresponds to a host halo mass ∼4 × 10^11 h^−1 M_⊙ if all DLAs were hosted in haloes of a similar mass. In a realistic model where host haloes over a broad mass range have a DLA cross-section $$\Sigma (M_h) \propto M_h^{\alpha }$$ down to M_h > M_min = 10^8.5 h^−1 M_⊙, we find that α > 1 is required to have b_DLA > 1.7, implying a steeper relation or higher value of M_min than is generally predicted in numerical simulations of galaxy formation.