Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unintentional injury mortality -The role of criminal offending. A Swedish longitudinal population based study

The aim was to investigate life course criminality in relation to unintentional injury mortality and other causes of death among 49,398 male Swedish conscripts aged 18–20 years in 1969/70 and a follow-up through 35 years. All subjects completed two questionnaires at the time of conscription concerning family, social, behavioural risk factors including alcohol and drug use. The impacts of committed crimes, alcohol and drug use and other risk factors were estimated using proportional hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox regression analyses. Many adolescent offences entailed a nearly six-fold higher injury mortality risk (HR = 5.64) and a four-fold higher risk (HR = 3.93) for all other causes vs. no convictions. In multivariate analyses, adolescent criminality was still found to be significantly associated with time to unintentional injury mortality, while criminality limited to adulthood had a moderately higher risk for all other causes of deaths. Individuals with both adolescence and adult criminality showed elevated mortality from especially unintentional injury (HR = 5.06), with the hazards remaining elevated, even after adjustment for other behavioural risk factors. Men with behavioural risk factors including alcohol and/or drug misuse in combination with frequent criminality seem to be a vulnerable group of both unintentional and other causes of deaths.
Agricultural work related injuries among the farmers of West Bengal, India

Agriculture is one of the most hazardous industries with high rates of accidental death, injury and occurrences of work related illnesses. The main objective of the study is to assess types, categories and number of incident rate of the accidents along with the causes of accidents as well as with the affected parts of the different parts of the body among the agricultural workers. The number of injuries that occurred during 2006–2010 for male and female farmers was 214 and 109, respectively, in West Bengal. The leading external causes of farm injury were hand tools (64.7%)), farm machinery (29.1%) and others (6.2%). The most frequently involved tools in hand injuries were spade and sickle. Fingers of both limbs are the most affected parts of the body followed by feet, ankle, hand, wrist and lower back. From this study it was also observed that the male agricultural workers are much more affected than female agricultural workers. The incident rate among male and female agricultural workers was 8.99 per 1000 workers per year and 7.89 per 1000 workers per year, respectively. So due to injuries in both groups of agricultiral workers, their health, productivity and work performance were consequently affected.
Out-of-pocket payments for public healthcare services by selected exempted groups in Serbia during the period of post-war healthcare reforms.

This paper focuses on the exemption mechanism that accompanies patient co-payments for outpatient and inpatient hospital care in Serbia. The objective was to investigate the level and dynamics of out-of-pocket payments for this type of services by exempted groups (older than 65 years, younger than 15 years, unemployed, disabled and individuals with low family income) compared with that by other groups. For this purpose, we use empirical household data collected in the Serbian Living Standards Measurement Study carried out in 2002, 2003 and 2007. These years correspond to the start of the recent reforms in the Serbian healthcare sector and 1 and 5 years after the start of the reform. Our results show that people who belong to exempted groups were paying for healthcare in 2002, 2003 and 2007. They report different types of out-of-pocket payments for outpatient and inpatient hospital care. Thus, despite the ambition of the Ministry of Health in Serbia to promote equity in healthcare as a leading aim of the reforms, the implementation of the exemption mechanism fails to protect the targeted groups. Future exemption mechanism should be pro-poor oriented but should also exempt those whose health status requires a frequent healthcare use.
The Benefits of Pilates Exercise in Orthopaedic Rehabilitation

Summary Pilates exercise has been introduced to the physical therapy community in recent years to enhance rehabilitation programs by focusing on spinal or core stabilization. This particular method can be incorporated into a patient’s treatment plan to improve strength, range of motion, coordination, balance, muscular symmetry, flexibility, and proprioception. It is a method of exercise performed on the floor, known as mat work, or on a spring-resistant apparatus. The patient, with the guidance of a physical therapist, performs efficient functional movement patterns, closed-chain and open-chain patterns, as well as multiple planes and positions provide for varied rehabilitation programming with many different orthopaedic diagnoses. Plyometric work can be incorporated with an attachment to the apparatus. There is very little research available relating to Pilates exercise for rehabilitation. A case study of a 48-year-old man with chronic low back pain reveals an 85.1% improvement on the visual analog scale for pain intensity and an 87.7% improvement in Oswestry score for functional disability after six physical therapy visits during which Pilates exercises were incorporated into patient programming.
Road safety perspectives among employees of a multinational corporation in urban India: local context for global injury prevention

In rapidly developing economies, like urban India, where road traffic injury rates are among the world's highest, the corporate workplace offers a non-traditional venue for road safety interventions. In partnership with a major multinational corporation (MNC) with a large Indian workforce, this study aimed to elicit local employee perspectives on road safety to inform a global corporate health platform. The safety attitudes and behaviours of 75 employees were collected through self-report survey and focus groups in the MNC offices in Bangalore and Pune. Analysis of these data uncovered incongruity between employee knowledge of safety strategies and their enacted safety behaviours and identified local preference for interventions and policy-level actions. The methods modelled by this study offer a straightforward approach for eliciting employee perspective for local road safety interventions that fit within a global strategy to improve employee health. Study findings suggest that MNCs can employ a range of strategies to improve the road traffic safety of their employees in settings like urban India including: implementing corporate traffic safety policy, making local infrastructure changes to improve road and traffic conditions, advocating for road safety with government partners and providing employees with education and access to safety equipment and safe transportation options.
The use of mapping to identify priority areas for the prevention of home injuries

Geographical information system (GIS) technology is a potentially useful tool for policy makers to identify priority areas for the prevention of injuries in the home environment. An analysis of hospitalised injuries in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, that occurred in the home environment was conducted using Bayesian methods to calculate the expected relative home injury risk for common injury mechanisms. The results show geographic differences in the mechanism of home injuries. The risk of hospitalised fall-related injuries for people aged 75 years and over and poisoning of children four years of age or less was spread over NSW, while cut/pierce and struck by/struck against injuries showed less extensive areas of risk. This study shows that the use of geographic mapping and spatial statistics can provide a useful means of estimating home injury risk, eliminating the instability of estimates, while showing overall geographic patterns. In the future, geographical mapping of injury locations, coupled with satellite imagery, are likely to provide an additional level of detail for injury surveillance within a defined area.
Fumarate Hydratase–deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Strongly Correlated With Fumarate Hydratase Mutation and Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome–associated renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are difficult to diagnose prospectively. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient tumors (defined as FH negative, 2-succinocysteine [2SC] positive) in cases diagnosed as “unclassified RCC, high grade or with papillary pattern,” or “papillary RCC type 2,” from multiple institutions. A total of 124 tumors (from 118 patients) were evaluated by IHC for FH and 2SC. An FH deficiency was found in 24/124 (19%) cases. An indeterminate result (only 1 marker abnormal) was found in 27/124 (22%) cases. In a tissue microarray of 776 RCCs of different types, only 2 (0.5%) tumors, initially considered papillary type 2, were FH deficient. FH mutations were found in 19/21 FH-deficient tumors (with confirmed germline mutations in 9 of 9 tumors in which germline status could be assessed) and in 1/26 FH-indeterminate tumors identified by IHC. No FH mutations were found in 2/21 FH-deficient RCCs, 25/26 FH-indeterminate RCCs, and 10/10 RCCs demonstrating FH expression by IHC. Patients with FH-deficient RCC had a median age of 44 years (range, 21 to 65 y). Average tumor size was 8.2 cm (range, 0.9 to 18 cm). FH-deficient RCCs were characterized by at least focal macronucleoli and demonstrated 2 or more growth patterns in 93% cases. Papillary was the most common (74%) and dominant (59%) pattern, whereas other common patterns included: solid (44%), tubulocystic (41%), cribriform (41%), and cystic (33%). At presentation, 57% were stage ≥pT3, 52% had positive nodes, and 19% had distant metastases. After a mean follow-up of 27 months (range, 1 to 114 mo), 39% of patients were dead of disease, and 26% had disease progression. We conclude that FH and 2SC are useful IHC ancillary tools, which allow recognition of FH-deficient RCC.
Alcohol consumption and motivation to reduce drinking among emergency care patients in Sweden

This study compares the alcohol consumption and motivation to reduce drinking among injured and non injured patients in a Swedish emergency department (ED). Patients aged 18–69 registered at the ED triage room were requested to answer alcohol-related questions on a touch-screen computer. Injury patients drank alcohol significantly more often than patients without injuries and in a significantly higher typical quantity than non-injury patients, yielding a significantly larger average weekly consumption. However, there were no significant differences between injury and non-injury patients with regard to heavy episodic drinking. As a consequence of injury patients being younger and more often male in comparison with non-injury patients nearly all differences between the two patient groups disappeared when controlling for age and sex. There were no significant differences in motivation to reduce drinking between injury and non-injury patients. There were small differences in the drinking variables and motivation to reduce drinking between injury patients and non-injury patients.
Road traffic crashes in Iran from 1997 to 2007

Iran has had the highest fatal road traffic injury (RTI) rate in the world. Evaluating Iran's fatal RTIs over the past 11 years (1997-2007) through retrospective analysis is the study objective. Out of a total of 232,841 RTI deaths from 1997 to 2007 (with a male/female victim ratio of 4.2/1), there was an increase in both fatal and non-fatal RTIs. There was, however, a 0.65% fatal RTI decline in 2006 and a 16.9% decline in 2007. Decline was significant for both genders. The decrease in RTI is difficult to attribute to specific factors, although one of the following may be involved: increased congestion in cities, helmet and seatbelt use, avoidance of high-risk driving behaviors, and improved safety of modern vehicles.
Child home injury prevention: understanding the context of unintentional injuries to preschool children

Injury to young children at home is a public health problem. In New Zealand, over half the injury deaths and hospitalisations among 0–4 year olds occur at home. Causes and risk factors for child injury have been identified, but their circumstances are not well described. Understanding the context, however, is important for developing and implementing effective prevention. To obtain the descriptions of injury events, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 100 caregivers of 0–4 year olds attending an emergency department for a home injury. Analysis from this exploratory study indicated that most events occurred within usual family activity, but had multiple factors interacting. Injury was rarely the expected outcome. Findings concurred with findings from others’ research that reported home injury to be complex and multifaceted. Factors related to the environment, the child, the parent, their behaviours and activity interacted, with common patterns preceding injury being evident such as times of day and disrupted routines. Factors were often found to occur regardless of the cause of injury. Complex parental factors were identified, such as not anticipating risk, having unrealistic expectations of children, lacking knowledge of child development and accepting injury as a norm. Directions for further research are identified.
Building a framework for a geriatric acute care model

Purpose – The purpose of this mixed methods study is to define the core components of a system‐wide, acute care program designed to meet the needs of older adults.Design/methodology/approach – Concept mapping methodology (multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis) was used to obtain data describing the core components of a geriatric acute care model. The input of 306 “stakeholders” (clinicians, administrators, consumers, educators, and researchers) was obtained through a world wide web interface, supplemented with consumer interviews.Findings – The findings yielded eight clusters describing components of a geriatric acute care program: guiding principles, leadership, organizational structures, physical environment, patient‐ and family‐centered approaches, aging‐sensitive practices, geriatric staff competence, and interdisciplinary resources and processes. A total of 113 items that describe dimensions of quality were identified with these clusters.Practical implications – The clusters and dimensions pr.
Common game injury scenarios in men's and women's lacrosse

Previous research has found that the location, type and mechanisms of injuries in lacrosse players vary by gender. The patterns and risk factors of injuries in lacrosse players are still not well known. The study population consists of lacrosse players who utilised the accident medical insurance provided to US Lacrosse members. Cluster analysis was used to explore the aetiology of lacrosse-related injuries. Between 2002 and 2006 there were 593 game injuries, 496 in men and 97 in women. There were six clusters of injuries in women and five clusters of injuries in men. Play scenarios resulting in injury differed by the position played. In all the five injury clusters in males, the primary injury mechanism was by contact, either with another player, a stick or a ball. In women, body-to-body and stick-to-body, and no contact were the most common injury mechanisms. In both genders, the majority of injuries occurred during legal play. These results provide a picture of high-risk situations that lead to injuries in male and female lacrosse players. Future efforts should be made to confirm these results through epidemiologic studies. Further research should also address the effectiveness of interventions that could reduce the risk of injury in these situations.
Validation of self-reported motor-vehicle crash and related work leave in a multi-purpose prospective cohort

Validation studies about self-reported motor vehicle crashes and related work leave are scarce. The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) is a multi-purpose cohort study undertaken in Spain. Motor vehicle crash risk factors are assessed within it. The objective of this study was to validate the incidents of self-reported motor vehicle crashes (MVC) and related work leave through mailing and clinical notes' review. The method included questions in the cohort's questionnaire regarding motor vehicle crash incident and work leave. We made both a re-test and a criterion validity study for self-reported answers. The results show a moderate κ Cohen's correlation coefficient for both events. Re-test reliability κ for MVC was 0.55, for MVC-related work leave it was 0.53. Criterion validity κ was 0.25 for MVC and 0.25 for MVC-related work leave. These results show a moderate agreement for re-test both for MVC and work MVC-related leave. For criterion validity, the results show a fair agreement. The magnitude of the agreement is similar to other similar studies and allows the use of these data in epidemiological studies.
Very Early Poststroke Aphasia Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial

Background and purpose Early stroke rehabilitation has shown benefits over spontaneous recovery. Insufficient evidence exists to determine the benefits of early aphasia intervention. We hypothesized that daily aphasia therapy would show better communication outcomes than usual care (UC) in early poststroke recovery. Method This prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial was conducted in three acute-care hospitals in Perth, Australia, each with over 200 stroke admissions annually. Patients with acute stroke causing moderate to severe aphasia were recruited at a median of three-days (range: 0–10 days) to receive daily aphasia therapy or usual care therapy. Individually tailored, impairment-based intervention was provided for the acute hospital stay or intervention phase (median: 19 days; range: 5–76). Primary outcome measures were the aphasia quotient and functional communication profile at acute hospital discharge or four-weeks poststroke, whichever came first. A random-number generator and sealed envelopes were used to randomize participants. Assessments were completed by a blinded assessor. Results Fifty-nine participants were recruited, with six withdrawals (10%) and seven deaths (12%) at six-months. Ninety percent had ischemic strokes, with 56·5% experiencing a total anterior circulation stroke. The group mean (±SD) age was 69·1 (±13·9) years. Six participants (18·75%) in the daily aphasia therapy group did not complete the minimum (150 min) therapy required for this study. The daily aphasia therapy intervention phase mean therapy session time was 45 min (range: 30–80) and the total mean amount of therapy for the daily aphasia therapy participants was 331 min (range: 30–1415). Four (15%) participants in the usual care group received therapy. The collective total therapy provided to these participants was 295 min over seven sessions. Usual care participants received an average of 10·5 min of therapy per week during the intervention phase. At the primary end point, a generalized estimating equations model demonstrated that after controlling for initial aphasia severity, participants receiving daily aphasia therapy scored 15·1 more points (P = 0·010) on the aphasia quotient and 11·3 more points (P = 0·004) on the functional communication profile than those receiving usual care therapy. Conclusions Daily aphasia therapy in very early stroke recovery improved communication outcomes in people with moderate to severe aphasia.
Stratification with CHA2DS2-VASc Score is Better than CHADS2 Score in Reducing Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Ischemic stroke is an important complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) and risk stratification schemes that predict thromboembolic events in patients with AF are important for indicating antithrombotic therapy in order to prevent stroke occurrence (1). The CHA2DS2VASc score (2) is the most complete stratification scheme, which was recently recommended by the European Society of Cardiology (1). Another score scheme, the CHADS2 (3) is easy to apply and widely used but may not be as efficacious. Of 215 patients admitted with ischemic stroke at the emergency department of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil) between September 2004 and March 2006, we found 35 patients with AF and ischemic stroke. We then applied parameters previous to stroke admission to these 35 patients using the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Nine of the 35 patients scored one in CHADS2 score (25 5%), and were reassessed by CHA2DS2-VASc score; two had CHA2DS2-VASc score of two; five had CHA2DS2-VASc score of three, and two had CHA2DS2-VASc score of four. Factors that increased scoring were: having an age range of 65–74, age Z75 years, female gender, and coronary artery disease. These factors are associated to increased riskof ischemic stroke in patients with AF (4, 5) and are not considered in CHADS2. Accordingly, we also had a statistically significant increase in AF prevalence in older patients, mainly 80 years or older (Po0 01, Fisher exact test, significance level 5%) vs. younger patients. All patients with a CHADS2 score of one were not under anticoagulation but in retrospect had CHA2DS2-VASc score Z2, which indicated the need for oral anticoagulation. Risk stratification using CHA2DS2VASc score would have optimized indication for oral anticoagulation in our patients and hence reduced their risk of stroke. We recommend the complementation of risk stratification by applying CHA2DS2-VASc score in all patients with CHADS2 scores of zero and one.
Polymorphisms of LIG4 and XRCC4 involved in the NHEJ pathway interact to modify risk of glioma

Although the role of environmental risk factors in the etiology of gliomas remains to be elucidated, accumulative epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic factors, such as variants in genes involved in DNA repair, may also play an important role. LIG4 and XRCC4 are known to form a complex and are functionally linked in the repair of double‐stranded DNA breaks. To determine whether LIG4 and XRCC4 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to glioma and whether there are interactions between LIG4 and XRCC4, we conducted a case–control study of 771 glioma patients and 752 cancer‐free controls, assessed the associations between glioma risk and 20 tagging SNPs, and evaluated their potential gene–gene interactions using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), interaction dendrogram, and entropy analysis. In the single‐locus analysis, only one variant, the LIG4 SNP2 rs3093739:T>C (P‐permutation=0.009) was significantly associated with risk of developing glioma. Haplotype analysis revealed an association of glioma risk with genetic variants in LIG4 block 1 (global P=0.011), and XRCC4 blocks 2 and 4 (both global P<0.0001). Moreover, the MDR analysis suggested a significant three‐locus interaction model involving LIG4 SNP4 rs1805388:C>T, XRCC4 SNP12 rs7734849:A>T, and SNP15 rs1056503:G>T. Further dendrogram and graph analysis indicated a more‐than‐additive effect among these three loci. These results suggested that these variants may contribute to glioma susceptibility. Hum Mutat 29(3), 381–389, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.