Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ischemic stroke due to wasp sting: a case report

A 47-year-old farmer was stung by a swarm of wasps and presented with swelling, pain, and itching on the skin of his head, face, neck, back, and both legs. Six hours later, he felt rightlimb weakness, accompanied by slurred speech. He was admitted to the emergency department 8 h after being stung. His Glasgow Coma Scale score was 8. His temperature was 37.2 C, pulse was 96 beats/min, respirations were 24 breaths/min, and blood pressure was 142/87mmHg. He was unresponsive to verbal stimulation. His pupils measured 3mm in diameter and were light-sensitive. Muscle tension in all extremities was slightly decreased. Orbital pressure induced left-limb avoidance. Head computed tomography was almost normal 8.5 h after the stinging occurred. We considered the diagnosis of cerebral infarction. He was treated with dexamethasone, edaravone, loratadine, and aspirin. His mental status gradually improved, and he was fully alert on the third day. He had motor aphasia and grade 3/5 right-limb weakness. Brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Figure 1(A)) on day 3 after admission revealed a large and poorly-defined area of abnormal signal intensity in the left frontotemporal lobe and basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (Figure 1(B)) showed occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and its branches and irregularities of the bilateral posterior cerebral arteries. One week later, he had 4þ/5 strength on his affected side. At a follow-up visit 2 months later, his speech had improved, he was able to express simple words, and his right-limb muscle strength had returned to normal. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography showed unobstructed blood flow in the left MCA. The transient coma may have been due to the venom’s direct toxic inhibition of the central nervous system. Follow-up imaging was inconsistent with prior studies [1,2]. The left MCA was unobstructed on TCD examination after 2 months, in contrast with the original MRA findings. We suspected arterial recanalization of the cerebrovascular occlusion. His strength had returned to 4þ/5 one week after admission, which is unlikely for a large cerebral infarction. Therefore, we presumed that recanalization occurred between the third and seventh day after admission, but the exact time was unclear. The temporal relationship between the onset of the neurological deficits and wasp-sting exposure suggested a causal role of the stings to the ischemic stroke. Researchers have suggested that cerebral infarction associated with wasp stings could be due to vasculitis, hypoperfusion, or retrograde stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion [1–3]. Transient coagulopathy in wasp venom anaphylaxis should also be considered [4]. Moreover, the bilateral posterior cerebral arteries appeared
Relationship between Hypercholesterolemia, and Age, Gender and Body Mass Index.

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important factors causing cardiovascular disease (CVD). To determine the relationships between the presence of hypercholesterolemia and age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI)among different age groups, BMI categories and gender in individuals withHypercholesterolemia. Total cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)and BMI were determined in blood samples collected from 200 hypercholesterolemicpatients’ participants in this study. There were no significant difference between males and females when compared mean of age, BMI, TC, LDL and HDL of study groups. There were no significant different in all age groups between males and females except in age group range from 50-59 year, which was high in females than males (p<0.01). TC level according to BMI categories, shows higher in overweight subjects compared to normal weight subjects (p<0.05); and higher in obese subjects compared to both, overweight subjects and normal weight subjects (p<0.01). Hypercholesterolemia significant higher in the obese and overweight subjects than normal weight, the strongesteffect of obesity on the risk of hypercholesterolemia hasbeen found in female subjects aged 50–59 years.
Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree

The strict orthology of mitochondrial (mt) coding sequences has promoted their use in phylogenetic analyses at different levels. Here we present the results of a mitogenomic study (i.e., analysis based on the set of protein-coding genes from complete mt genomes) of 60 mammalian species. This number includes 11 new mt genomes. The sampling comprises all but one of the traditional eutherian orders. The previously unrepresented order Dermoptera (flying lemurs) fell within Primates as the sister group of Anthropoidea, making Primates paraphyletic. This relationship was strongly supported. Lipotyphla (“insectivores”) split into three distinct lineages: Erinaceomorpha, Tenrecomorpha, and Soricomorpha. Erinaceomorpha was the basal eutherian lineage. Sirenia (dugong) and Macroscelidea (elephant shrew) fell within the African clade. Pholidota (pangolin) joined the Cetferungulata as the sister group of Carnivora. The analyses identified monophyletic Pinnipedia with Otariidae (sea lions, fur seals) and Odobenidae (walruses) as sister groups to the exclusion of Phocidae (true seals).
Biological Rhythms and Preeclampsia

The impact of impaired circadian rhythm on health has been widely studied in shift workers and trans-meridian travelers. A part from its correlation with sleep and mood disorders, biological rhythm impairment is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer. Preeclampsia is a major public health issue, associated with a significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the risks factors for this condition such as obesity, diabetes, pre-existing hypertension have been identified, the underlying mechanism of this multi-factorial disease is yet not fully understood. The disruption of the light/dark cycle in pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes. Slightly increased risk for “small for gestational age” babies, “low birth weight” babies, and preterm deliveries has been reported in shift working women. Whether altered circadian cycle represents a risk factor for preeclampsia or preeclampsia is itself linked with an abnormal circadian cycle is less clear. There are only few reports available, showing conflicting results. In this review, we will discuss recent observations concerning circadian pattern of blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies. We explore the hypothesis that circadian misalignments may represent a risk factor for preeclampsia. Unraveling potential link between circadian clock gene and preeclampsia could offer a novel approach to our understanding of this multi-system disease specific to pregnancy.
Variants of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes in asthmatics.

Nitric oxide (NO) gas concentrations are higher in expired air in asthmatics. NO is synthesized by three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) encoded by three distinct genes, NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3. Genome-wide searches have identified linkages to asthma on chromosomes 7, 12, and 17 where these three genes are localized. No association study, however, has been reported to date. To test whether variants of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 relate to asthma, a genetic association study was conducted in a British population (n = 300). Intragenic microsatellite variants of NOS1 were significantly associated with asthma [odds ratio (OR) = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.20-3.57 (95% CI), P = 0.008 (Pc = 0.048)], but not with IgE levels. Neither NOS2 nor NOS3 variants showed any association with asthma nor IgE levels. These findings suggest that NOS1 variants may be a significant contributor to asthma in a British population.
The Fossil Fishes of the English Chalk

The Palaeontographical Society was established in 1847, and is the oldest Society devoted to study of palaeontology worldwide. Its primary role is to promote the description and illustration of the British fossil flora and fauna, via publication of an authoritative monograph series. These monographs cover a wide range of taxonomic groups, from microfossils, trilobites and ammonites through to Coal Measure plants, mammals and reptiles, and from all ages from Cambrian to Pleistocene. They form a benchmark for understanding the past life of the British Isles and many include the original descriptions of numerous key species.The first monograph (on the Crag Mollusca) was published in March 1848 and the Society still continues this work today. Notable authors in the series include Charles Darwin (fossil barnacles) and Richard Owen (dinosaurs and other extinct reptiles). Beginning in 2014, the Cambridge Library Collection and the Society are collaborating to reissue the earlier publications, focusing on monographs completed between 1848 and 1918.
Ketamine-midazolam versus meperidine-midazolam for painful procedures in pediatric oncology patients.

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy, characteristics of onset/recovery, and safety of ketamine/atropine/midazolam with meperidine/midazolam used as premedication for painful procedures in children with cancer. METHODS A randomized, double-blind crossover trial for two successive painful procedures (bone marrow aspiration or biopsy, lumbar puncture, or combined procedures) was performed at a referral-based pediatric hematology-oncology clinic and associated inpatient service of a university teaching hospital. Twenty-two children, aged 24 to 178 months, were enrolled and 18 (81.8%) completed the double-blind, crossover trial. Each child received intravenous premedication with either meperidine 2 mg/kg and midazolam 0.1 mg/kg (MM) or atropine 0.01 mg/kg, midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg (KM) on one occasion followed by the alternative regimen on a second occasion. The initial premedication regimen was chosen by random assignment. RESULTS Efficacy was assessed by a trained observer using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised (OSBD-R). Operator, nurse, parent, and patient opinions of efficacy were recorded on a visual analog scale (VAS). Side effects were monitored by pulse oximetry, nasal end-tidal capnography, and serial blood pressure measurements. Use of KM resulted in significantly less procedural distress than MM (1.37 +/- 2.20 v 7.04 +/- 8.06 OSBD-R units; P < .05). Both operators and nurses rated KM more effective than MM. KM use was associated with earlier readiness for the procedure (19.2 v 24.0 minutes) and more rapid recovery (39.3 v 74.6 minutes for removal of monitoring devices and 58.5 v 87.1 minutes for discharge). Procedures undertaken after ketamine sedation were associated with fewer side effects than observed with MM sedation (hypoxia, 17.7% v 82.4%; hypotension, 16.6% v 55.6%; reduced respiratory rate, 0% v 38.9%). The incidence of emergence reactions or behavioral abnormalities within 24 hours postprocedure was similar in both treatment groups. At 7 days postprocedure, no child had persistent behavioral abnormalities and all children had amnesia for the procedure. Parents and children expressed a preference for KM over MM in 12 of 18 cases (P < .05). CONCLUSION A premedication regimen of KM produced superior sedation with a faster onset and recovery and fewer side effects than a MM combination.
An empirical investigation into the inconsistency of sequential active learning

In active learning, one aims to acquire labeled samples that are particularly useful for training a classifier. In sequential active learning, this sample selection is done in a one-at-a-time manner where the choice of sample t + 1 may depend on the current state of the classifier and the t labeled data points already available. In their deviation from standard random sampling, current active learning schemes typically introduce severe sampling bias. Even though this fact has been acknowledged in the more theoretical contributions covering active learning, the more popular approaches largely ignore this bias. This work empirically investigates the consequences of their actions and sets out to identify the pros and cons of this way of dealing with the problem of active learning. Even though current techniques can provide excellent approaches to learning, we conclude that they provide inconsistent solutions and therefore, in a strict sense, do not solve the problem of active learning.
On Approximate Speculative Lock Elision S .

Each synchronization point represents a point of serialization, and thereby can easily hurt parallel scalability. As demonstrated by recent studies, approximating, i.e., relaxing synchronization by eliminating a subset of synchronization points spatio-temporally can help improve parallel scalability, as long as approximation incurred violations of basic execution semantics remain predictable and controllable. Even if the divergence from fully-synchronized execution renders lower computation accuracy rather than catastrophic program termination, for approximation to be viable, the accuracy loss must be bounded. In this paper, we assess the viability of approximate synchronization using Speculative Lock Elision (SLE), which was adopted by hardware transactional memory implementations from industry, as a baseline for comparison. Specifically, we investigate the efficacy of exploiting semantic and temporal characteristics of critical sections in preventing excessive loss in computation accuracy, and devise a light-weight, proof-of-concept Approximate Speculative Lock Elision (ASLE) implementation, which exploits existing hardware support for SLE.
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: experience with endovascular and surgical therapy.

OBJECT Although the pathophysiology of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) has recently been elucidated, the optimal treatment strategy for these lesions has yet to be defined. Current management techniques include endovascular embolization or microsurgical obliteration. METHODS The authors reviewed the records and angiograms of all patients with spinal dural AVFs treated at Massachusetts General Hospital over a 6-year period (1992-1998). During this period, it was intended initially to treat all patients with embolization and to reserve surgery for those in whom endovascular treatment failed or in cases in which pretreatment evaluation suggested that endovascular therapy would be ineffective or unsafe. A total of 26 patients with spinal dural AVFs were treated: there were 22 men and 4 women with a mean age of 65 years (range 39-79 years). Lesions were located in the following areas: five in foramen magnum/cervical, 13 in thoracic, five in lumbar, and three in sacral. Twenty-three (88%) of 26 patients underwent embolization and three (12%) of 23 patients underwent surgery as the primary mode of treatment. Of the 23 patients in whom embolization was performed or attempted, nine (39%) ultimately required surgery. All patients were stabilized or improved following definitive treatment, as assessed by the Aminoff-Logue scores. There was one death secondary to a myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that endovascular therapy can be successful as an initial treatment for the majority of patients; however, there is a 39% failure rate, which is not observed following surgical therapy. Once a definitive therapy has been achieved using either technique virtually all patients are either stabilized or improved.
A Low-Phase-Noise and Wide-Tuning-Range CMOS/IPD Transformer-Based VCO With High  $\mathrm {FOM}_{T}$  of −206.8 dBc/Hz

This paper presents a low-phase-noise and wide-tuning-range voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) implemented in a standard 0.18-μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process with an integrated passive device (IPD) transformer. Even- and odd-mode oscillations of the transformer-based resonator can be achieved by the mode-switching topology, and the oscillations in the two modes result in a wide tuning range of the VCO. Moreover, the IPD-based transformer achieves high-quality (Q) factors (Q >30), which is impractical in standard CMOS-based technologies due to their lossy silicon substrate. The high-Q IPD transformer reduces the phase noise of the VCO and, therefore, leads to a superior figure-of-merit (FOM) and FOM including the tuning range (FOMT). Operating at 0.8 V supply voltage, the VCO consumes 9.2-mW dc power. At this bias condition, the measured phase noise is -124.2 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from the 6.26-GHz oscillation frequency. Furthermore, the VCO exhibits a 65.7% tuning range and the flipped CMOS chip is packaged on the IPD substrate with a footprint area of 4.35 mm2. Compared with previously published CMOS-based VCOs, the presented VCO features excellent performances in phase noise, wide tuning range, FOM, and FOMT.
Dynamics Beyond Dynamic Jam; Unfolding the Painlevé Paradox Singularity

This paper analyses in detail the dynamics in a neighbourhood of a G\'enot-Brogliato point, colloquially termed the G-spot, which physically represents so-called dynamic jam in rigid body mechanics with unilateral contact and Coulomb friction. Such singular points arise in planar rigid body problems with slipping point contacts at the intersection between the conditions for onset of lift-off and for the Painlev\'e paradox. The G-spot can be approached in finite time by an open set of initial conditions in a general class of problems. The key question addressed is what happens next. In principle trajectories could, at least instantaneously, lift off, continue in slip, or undergo a so-called impact without collision. Such impacts are non-local in momentum space and depend on properties evaluated away from the G-spot. The results are illustrated on a particular physical example, namely the a frictional impact oscillator first studied by Leine et al. The answer is obtained via an analysis that involves a consistent contact regularisation with a stiffness proportional to $1/\varepsilon^2$. Taking a singular limit as $\varepsilon \to 0$, one finds an inner and an outer asymptotic zone in the neighbourhood of the G-spot. Two distinct cases are found according to whether the contact force becomes infinite or remains finite as the G-spot is approached. In the former case it is argued that there can be no such canards and so an impact without collision must occur. In the latter case, the canard trajectory acts as a dividing surface between trajectories that momentarily lift off and those that do not before taking the impact. The orientation of the initial condition set leading to each eventuality is shown to change each time a certain positive parameter $\beta$ passes through an integer.
Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self‐tolerance and autoimmune disease

Summary: Naturally arising CD25+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, most of which are produced by the normal thymus as a functionally mature T‐cell subpopulation, play key roles in the maintenance of immunologic self‐tolerance and negative control of a variety of physiological and pathological immune responses. Natural Tregs specifically express Foxp3, a transcription factor that plays a critical role in their development and function. Complete depletion of Foxp3‐expressing natural Tregs, whether they are CD25+ or CD25–, activates even weak or rare self‐reactive T‐cell clones, inducing severe and widespread autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Natural Tregs are highly dependent on exogenously provided interleukin (IL)‐2 for their survival in the periphery. In addition to Foxp3 and IL‐2/IL‐2 receptor, deficiency or functional alteration of other molecules, expressed by T cells or non‐T cells, may affect the development/function of Tregs or self‐reactive T cells, or both, and consequently tip the peripheral balance between the two populations toward autoimmunity. Elucidation of the molecular and cellular basis of this Treg‐mediated active maintenance of self‐tolerance will facilitate both our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of autoimmune disease and the development of novel methods of autoimmune disease prevention and treatment via enhancing and re‐establishing Treg‐mediated dominant control over self‐reactive T cells.
Food Security Status of Older Adult Home-Delivered Meals Program Participants and Components of Its Measurement

Abstract Food security status was assessed for 143 West Central Indiana community-dwelling older adults participating in a home-delivered meals program, using the national CPS-FSSM survey, based on economics, and augmented items, including such factors as ability to prepare and/or shop for food. Results showed that 74.8% were food secure, much lower than the national rate for households with elderly (94.0%). Gender and age were found to be statistically significant predictors of food security status (national items). Scores based on national versus augmented items were significantly correlated, but scores for augmented items showed more food insecurity, indicating these items identified more food insecure older adults than the national items alone.
Mutant isolation and molecular cloning of mre genes, which determine cell shape, sensitivity to mecillinam, and amount of penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli

A chromosomal region of Escherichia coli contiguous to the fabE gene at 71 min on the chromosomal map contains multiple genes that are responsible for determination of the rod shape and sensitivity to the amidinopenicillin mecillinam. The so-called mre region was cloned and analyzed by complementation of two closely related but distinct E. coli mutants characterized, respectively, by the mutations mre-129 and mre-678, that showed a rounded to irregular cell shape and altered sensitivities to mecillinam; the mre-129 mutant was supersensitive to mecillinam at 30 degrees C, but the mre-678 mutant was resistant. The mre-678 mutation also caused simultaneous overproduction of penicillin-binding proteins 1Bs and 3. A chromosomal region of the wild-type DNA containing the total mre region and the fabE gene was first cloned on a lambda phage; a 7-kilobase (kb) fragment containing the whole mre region, but not the fabE gene, was then recloned on a mini F plasmid, pLG339; and finally, a 2.8-kb fragment complementing only mre-129 was also cloned on this low-copy-number plasmid. The whole 7-kb fragment was required for complementing the mre-678 mutant phenotypes. Fragments containing fabE but not the mre-129 region could be cloned on a high-copy-number plasmid. Southern blot hybridization indicated that the mre-678 mutant had a large deletion of 5.25 kb in its DNA, covering at least part of the mre-129 gene.
The systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children

Paediatric cardiac surgery often requires cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during the surgical intervention. CPB is known to elicit a systemic inflammatory response with activation of the complement and coagulation systems, stimulation of cytokine production, cellular entrapment in organs, neutrophil activation with degranulation, platelet activation, and endothelial dysfunction. These changes are associated with a risk of postoperative organ dysfunction and increased morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period. Clinical studies have concentrated on measurement of inflammatory markers and mediators in peripheral blood, where the systemic inflammatory response in the paediatric cardiac patient seems to be different from the adult case. Looking at the organ level, experimental studies have the advantage of providing information contributing to a better understanding of the pathological events that may lead to the deteriorated organ function. This review focuses on the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery with CPB in children and experimental CPB models.