Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Characteristics and Subjective Intolerance for Xenobiotic Agents of Normal Young Adults with Trait Shyness and Defensiveness: A Parkinsonian‐like Personality Type?

The present study examines the psychological characteristics and self-reported responses to xenobiotic agents such as tobacco smoke and pesticide of normal young adults with personality traits similar to those claimed for Parkinsonian patients. Previous research, though controversial, has suggested that persons with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) have premorbid personality traits that may include shyness and repressive defensiveness. Other epidemiological evidence indicates that PD patients may have premorbidly increased prevalence of anxiety, affective, and/or somatoform disorders; decreased rates of smoking and alcohol consumption; and elevated exposure to herbicides or pesticides. A total of 783 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course completed the Cheek-Buss Scale (shyness), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (defensiveness), Symptom Checklist 90 (revised), the Mastery Scale, a health history checklist, and rating scales for frequency of illness from alcohol and 10 common environmental chemicals. Subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of above-versus below-median scores on the Cheek-Buss and Marlowe-Crowne scales (persons high in shyness and defensiveness, those high only in shyness, those high only in defensiveness, and those low in both shyness and defensiveness). The group high in shyness but low in defensiveness had the highest, whereas the group low in shyness but high in defensiveness had the lowest, total scores on the SCL-90-R; the two shyest groups were lowest in sense of mastery. Similar to PD, the group high in both shyness and defensiveness overall reported the least number of smokers (10% vs. 19% in those high only in shyness, 17% in those high only in defensiveness, and 28% in those low in both traits, p < .001); differences within women largely accounted for this finding. Subjects higher in shyness and/or defensiveness rated themselves higher in frequency of illness from a small amount of alcohol than did those who were low in both shyness and defensiveness. The group who was high in both shyness and defensiveness tended to report the highest frequency of illness from pesticide as well as other xenobiotic odors (e.g., newsprint). Taken together with previous research, the findings suggest that certain young adults high in shyness, and especially those also high in defensiveness, may be among the subset of the population at increased risk for PD later in life.
Fungi and Bacteria in or on Leaves of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) from Chesapeake Bay

Samples of green and brown leaves of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) were incubated in seawater without an additional carbon source. Parallel leaf samples were used for acridine orange bacterial counting and water-soluble aniline blue estimation of fungal biovolume. The incubations produced no evidence that there is an eelgrass counterpart for the chytridialean symbiont which is very common in turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum König). Sterile mycelium (i.e., living mycelium without identifiable propagules) was the most prevalent fungal form on incubated samples from submerged sites, whereas Dendryphiella salina and Sigmoidea sp. (marina? ) were prevalent on brown leaves from the wrack line. Attempts to assay fungal biovolume in field samples indicated that the sterile mycelium observed after incubation represented the outgrowth of formerly dormant propagules or weakly established microcolonies. It was calculated that fungal biomass could not account for more than 0.5% of leaf mass, and it was probably much smaller than this, for no fungal structures were observed even in concentrated leaf homogenates. Bacterial densities fell within the range reported for other particulate substrates. A speculative estimate of bacterial productivity was 1.4× the standing stock per day.
Power-delay product minimization in high-performance 64-bit carry-select adders

This paper analyzes methods to minimize the power-delay product of 64-bit carry-select adders intended for high-performance and low-power applications. A first realization in 0.18-/spl mu/m partially depleted (PD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI), using complex branch-based logic (BBL) cells, results in a delay of 720 ps and a power dissipation of 96 mW at 1.5 V. The reduction of the stack height in the critical path, combined with the optimization of the global carry network with cell sharing and the selection of 8-bit pre-sums, leads to a reduction of the power-delay product by 75%. The automatic tuning of the transistor widths in 0.13-/spl mu/m PD SOI produces an energy-efficient 64-bit adder which has a delay of 326 ps and a power dissipation of 23 mW only at 1.1 V.
It is time to consider the four D's of fluid management.

We are very excited to present you this special issue of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy (AIT) containing the Proceedings of the Fifth International Fluid Academy Days (iFAD) with some excellent reviews from internationally renowned experts in this fascinating field. This 5th anniversary iFAD will deliver once more a compact two-day program on clinical fluid management and will also emphasize the role of hemodynamic monitoring. The mission statement of the iFA is to foster education, promote research on fluid management and hemodynamic monitoring, and thereby improve survival of the critically ill by bringing together physicians, nurses, and others from throughout the world and from a variety of clinical disciplines. Only recently the medical community has seemed to recognise the importance of looking at fluids beyond their role as replacement or maintenance fluids or for mere hemodynamic stabilization, and to handle them as any other drug we give to our patients [1, 2].
The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS)

The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study targeting all twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Since 2004, parents of twins are interviewed regarding the children's somatic and mental health and social environment in connection with their 9th or 12th birthdays (CATSS-9/12). By January 2010, 8,610 parental interviews concerning 17,220 twins had been completed, with an overall response rate of 80%. At age 15 (CATSS-15) and 18 (CATSS-18), twins and parents complete questionnaires that, in addition to assessments of somatic and mental health, include measures of personality development and psychosocial adaptation. Twin pairs in CATSS-9/12 with one or both twins screening positive for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and/or eating problems have been followed with in-depth questionnaires on family, social environment and personality, and subsequently by clinical assessments at age 15 together with randomly selected population controls, including 195 clinically assessed twin pairs from the first 2 year cohorts (CATSS-15/DOGSS). This article describes the cohorts and study groups, data collection, and measures used. Prevalences, distributions, heritability estimates, ages at onset, and sex differences of mental health problems in the CATSS-9/12, that were analyzed and found to be overall comparable to those of other clinical and epidemiological studies. The CATSS study has the potential of answering important questions on the etiology of childhood mental health problems and their role in the development of later adjustment problems.
A Fallacy of Division: The Failure of Market Concentration as a Measure of Competition in U.S. Banking

Empirical literature and related legal practice using concentration as a proxy for competition measurement are prone to a fallacy of division, as concentration measures are appropriate for perfect competition and perfect collusion but not intermediate levels of competition. Extending the classic Cournot-type competition model of Cowling and Waterson (1976) and Cowling (1976) used to derive the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI) of market concentration, we propose an adaptation of this model that allows collusive rents for all, none, or some of the firms in a market. Application of our model to data for U.S. commercial banks in the period 1984-2004 confirms that concentration measures are unreliable competition metrics. While collusion is prevalent in the banking industry at the state level, the critical market shares at which market power is achieved, rents earned from collusion, and collusive concentration levels vary widely across states. These and other results lead us to conclude that a fallacy of division exists in concentration-based competition tests.
Camel Brucellosis: Its Public Health and Economic Impact in Pastoralists, Mehoni District, Southeastern Tigray, Ethiopia

Camel brucellosis is a disease caused by Brucella mellitensis and B. abortus with considerable public health and economic importance to as owners consume raw milk. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2014 to April 2015 with the objective of identifying risk factors associated with infection of pastoralists and estimating their economic losses due to camel brucellosis in Mehoni District, Northeastern Ethiopia. From a total of 415 camel sera collected from three peasant associations, 24 camels were found positive by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and 14 of them were confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). The overall sero-prevalence of Brucella antibodies in camels was 5.80% (24) and 3.37% (14) by RBPT and CFT, respectively. From a total of 120 camel owners participated in the interview, about 91% (109) drank fresh raw milk regularly, and 11.01% (12) of them owned the sero-positive camels. The risk of Brucella infection was found to be high (88.33%, 106) in owners with close contact to their animals (OR = 8.07, CI 95%; 0.476, 137.014). The logistic regression analysis showed that 85.71% (6/7) of the respondents previously having malaria-like symptoms were found to be significantly associated with owning seropositive animals (OR = 78.74, CI 95%; 8.419, 736.569). Based on the present findings, an estimated economic loss due to camel brucellosis was found to be 429,351.48 ETB (21,467.56 US $) for each individual infected camel with age above 4 years. This pilot assessment indicated high economic burden to the pastoral community and on national livestock industry at large. Lack of awareness about zoonotic diseases together with existing habit of raw milk consumption and close contact with animals can serve as means of Brucella infection to human beings. Thus, there is a need to design and implement control measures aiming at preventing further spread of the disease both in animal and nomadic pastoralists, and minimize economic loss due to camel brucellosis in this agro-pastoral region.
A strategic perspective on facilitation of network approaches: emerging network structure and adaptive systems in internationalisation of Indian firms

Internationalisation by firms in India is in a nascent stage; however these firms are making rapid progress due to changes in government policies in this region. This has led to diverse opportunities for Indian firms in markets, as well as products, which previously were unexplored. The Indian firms have a high familiarity with network strategy in their domestic operations; however in the international context a network approach is challenging both in terms of geographic and “Psychic distance” (Freeman, Hutchings, Lazaris & Zyngier, 2010). Psychic distance is the extent of distance between the internationalising firm and the host country firm in terms of their familiarity with business operations and cultural factors (Brewer, 2007). The traditional approaches fail to explain internationalisation from the context of the codevelopment of the economy as well as from an emerging market perspective. Also, existing literature has not examined the distinct mechanisms that bridge the gap between Eastern and Western network partnerships from an Eastern perspective. In view of these gaps in existing research there is need for a model that links the areas of adaptation with the types of partners, either proximate or distant, or those who experience internationalisation challenges. The conceptual framework suggested in this study draws a comparison between the level of investment that internationalising Indian firms need for network adaptation with proximate versus distant partners to achieve linkage, leverage and learning gains in internationalisation through networks. This study explores Indian firms’ internationalisation specifically with distant network partners using a qualitative multiple case study analysis. Data was collected from six Indian companies which are internationalising with advanced network partners. The data, collected through a sequential e-mail interview process, explored the constructs in the conceptual framework. The constructs relate to adaptive mechanisms over information exchange, strategic monitoring, cultural and institutional factors with distant network partners. The constructs also included the level of investment in adaptation to build trust-based network relationships and benefits for internationalisation in terms of linkage, leverage and learning. The study results suggest that institutional rather than cultural factors are the major challenges in network relations for Indian firms with advanced market partners. The
Pial-medullary angiomas; clinicopathologic features and treatment.

THE OCCURRENCE of vascular anomalies of the central nervous system is well known and extensively treated in the literature. We are interested in presenting a discussion of those peculiar to the spinal cord and its most intimate covering, the pia-arachnoid. 1 Nine cases are presented. We wish to show that these lesions can be suspected and diagnosed clinically on the basis of certain characteristic presenting features which in and of themselves may appear to be atypical. We wish, further, to point out that with the use of contrast roentgenography some of these lesions can be diagnosed with greater certainty before operation. 2 Recently an excellent work with particular reference to the number of cases reported (67) was compiled by Wyburn-Mason. 2d REPORT OF CASES Case 1. —A white man aged 27 was first admitted to the University Hospital on Jan. 30, 1938, with the questionable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. His
The uncertainty of forecasts

Long-range transportation plans, with horizons of 10 years or greater, often are viewed as a process for enabling decisionmakers to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various transportation alternatives. This article addresses the reliability of forecasting transportation trends, using a project called Vtrans2025 as a model for discussion. Vtrans2025 is the state of Virginia's multimodal long-range transportation plan, begun in 2000 and scheduled for completion in 2005. Staff from various model agencies in Virginia were asked to identify key socioeconomic trends likely to affect transportation demand in 2025. The support information was expected to identify trends in four areas: historical and projected socioeconomic trends; relevant changes in public policy, legislation, and technology; freight projections and changes in market share; and passenger travel trends. The author discusses the types of data that forecast to 2025, rules of thumb for forecasting, a specific case study in mode choice, and using historical information to consider accuracy (from 1925 to 1950). The author concludes by focusing on the challenges to accurate predictions and by stressing the need to regularly update long-range plans as new information becomes available.
Simian virus 40 large T antigen induces or activates a protein kinase which phosphorylates the transformation-associated protein p53

The cellular phosphoprotein p53 is presumably involved in simian virus 40 (SV40)-induced transformation. We have monitored changes in the state of phosphorylation of p53 from normal versus SV40-infected or -transformed cells. In normal cells, p 53 was hardly phosphorylated. Upon infection or transformation, a quantitative and qualitative increase in p53 phosphorylation was observed as revealed by two-dimensional phosphopeptide analysis. This increase was dependent on a functional large T antigen. In rat cells, enhanced phosphorylation of p53 resulted in conversion to a second, electrophoretically distinct form. In cells transformed with transformation-defective mutants, phosphorylation of p53 was reduced and conversion to form 2 was inefficient. These data suggest (i) that SV40 large T antigen induces or activates a protein kinase, one substrate of which is p53, (ii) that transformation-defective mutants are impaired in kinase induction, and (iii) that either a certain phosphorylation state of p53 or the SV40-induced kinase is critical for efficient transformation.
Atypical phenotypes and clinical variability in a large Italian family with DYT1–primary torsion dystonia

The GAG deletion in the DYT1 gene usually causes a typical form of primary torsion dystonia (PTD) with early onset in a limb, rapid generalization, and sparing of cranial–cervical muscles, but atypical phenotypes have often been reported. Here, we describe a large DYT1 Italian family with phenotypically heterogeneous PTD that recapitulates all the atypical features associated with the DYT1 mutation, including late age at onset, focal or segmental phenotypes, onset or spreading of dystonia to the cranial–cervical muscles. Of 38 healthy family members, 15 also carried the DYT1 mutation, with an estimated penetrance of 21%. A literature review of atypical familial cases of DYT1‐PTD showed that late onset, cervical involvement, and limited progression of dystonia are features frequently seen in DYT1 families. However, nearly all of these atypical patients fall within at least one of the clinical categories that best predict the DYT1 carrier status, namely, early onset, onset in a limb, and family history positive for early‐onset dystonia. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Data-driven Kernels for Support Vector Machines

Kernel functions can map data points to a non-linear feature space implicitly, and thus significantly enhance the effectiveness of some linear models like SVMs. However, in current literature, there is a lack of a proper kernel that can deal with categorical features naturally. In this paper, we present a novel kernel for SVM classification based on data-driven similarity measures to compute the similarity between two samples. It then followed by the ensemble selection method to combine all similarity measures. Our kernels can make full use of information from both labeled and unlabeled data, which leads to a semisupervised approach. Experiment results show that our approaches largely improve the performance of SVMs on all metrics we used. Especially, in the unbalanced class case, keeping other performance measures on an excellent level, two methods can enhance the prediction accuracy on the minority class significantly.
New 1H-Benzo[f]indazole-4,9-diones Conjugated with C-Protected Amino Acids and Other Derivatives: Synthesis and in Vitro Antiproliferative Evaluation

1H-Benzo[f]indazole-4,9-dione derivatives conjugated with C-protected amino acids (glycine, l-alanine, l-phenylalanine and l-glutamic acid) 6a–l were prepared by chemically modifying the prenyl substituent of 3-methyl-7-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1H-benzo[f]indazole-4,9-dione 2 through epoxidation, degradative oxidation, oxidation and N-acyl condensation reactions. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by analyzing their IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data together with elemental analysis for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The preliminary in vitro antiproliferative activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated on KATO-III and MCF-7 cell lines using a cell proliferation assay. The majority of the derivatives exhibited significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 25.5 to 432.5 μM. These results suggest that 1H-benzo[f]indazole-4,9-dione derivatives are promising molecules to be researched for developing new anticancer agents.
Pengaruh Strategi Generik terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi pada Bank Umum)

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between competitive strategy and organisational performance and to determine the applicability of Porter’s generic strategies in explaining its different effects to the organisational performance. There are three independent variables analyzed in this study: differentiation strategy, cost leadership and integrated strategy, while the dependent variable is the performance of the organization which is a subjective measure of objective’s fulfillment and relative competitive performance. The data has been collected then analyzed using linear multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicates that the application of a generic strategy has an important influence on the bank’s performance, while the selection of differentiation strategy has a better impact on the bank’s performance in comparison with the cost leadership and integrated strategies. Keywords: generic strategy, differentiation, organizational performance, banking, linear multiple regression
How to Stop a Herd of Running Bears? Market Response to Policy Initiatives During the Global Financial Crisis

This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic and financial sector policy announcements in the United States, the United Kingdom, the euro area, and Japan during the recent crisis on interbank credit and liquidity risk premia. Announcements of interest rate cuts, liquidity support, liability guarantees, and recapitalization were associated with a reduction of interbank risk premia, albeit to a different degree during the subprime and global phases of the crisis. Decisions not to reduce interest rates and bail out individual banks in an ad hoc manner had adverse repercussions, both domestically and abroad. The results are robust to controlling for the surprise content of announcements and using alternative measures of financial distress.
Regulatory heterogeneity as obstacle for international services trade

International trade in services is hampered by non-tariff barriers that originate from national regulations. Not only the level of regulation in home or export country matters, but also the inter-country differences in regulation for service markets. Regulatory measures tend to affect fixed costs rather than variable costs. The fact that regulations often differ by market, means that the fixed costs of complying with regulations in an export market are in fact sunk market-entry costs. We prove that policy heterogeneity between countries has a negative impact on bilateral service trade. We develop a new index of bilateral policy heterogeneity, and apply it in a gravity model for explaining service trade among EU countries. The empirical results support our theoretical prediction: the degree of regulatory heterogeneity is inversely related to the level of bilateral service trade. Simulations for the EU show that if countries make more use of mutual recognition, bilateral trade in commercial services among EU countries could increase by 30% to 60%.