Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, molecular characterization, genetic heterogeneity and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes associated with fish and fishery environment in Kerala, India

The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the retail fish markets of the Kerala, India was investigated by screening 227 samples comprising of marine finfish (n = 97) shellfish (n = 19), ready‐to‐cook fish products (n = 47), ready‐to‐eat fish products (n = 10), dried fish (n = 11) and retail ice (n = 43). The prevalence of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua was 2·7% and 17·2% respectively. Sample category wise, prevalence of L. monocytogenes was higher in marine finfish (1·8%) and retail ice (0·9%). All the L. monocytogenes isolates carried virulent genes namely inlA, inlC, inlJ, hlyA, iap, plcA, prfA genes and majority (82%) belonged to 1/2a, 3a serogroups. L. monocytogenes isolates were multidrug‐resistant and showed resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and clindamycin. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus‐polymerase chain reaction (ERIC‐PCR) delineated 58% genetic heterogeneity among the L. monocytogenes strains. The study reports that genetic similarities of the isolates were interlinked to their serogroup and sample origin.
Differential responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities to mineral and organic fertilization

Agricultural fertilization is used extensively to increase soil fertility and maximize crop yield. Despite numerous studies on how fertilization influences plant and bacterial communities, little is known about the roles of long‐term application of different fertilizers in shaping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community structures in a comparative manner. The response of AMF community to 28 years of chemical and organic fertilization was investigated using the Illumina Mi‐Seq platform. Soil AMF community composition showed significant and differential responses to long‐term fertilization. Changes in available phosphorus (AP) content were the primary driver shaping AMF community composition. Chemical fertilization significantly decreased AMF alpha‐diversity, whereas the alpha‐diversity remained equally high in organic fertilization treatment as in the control. In addition, soil AMF alpha‐diversity was negatively and positively correlated with elevated soil nutrient level following chemical and organic fertilization, respectively. Plants could directly acquire sufficient nutrients without their AMF partners after chemical fertilization, while plants might rely on AMF to facilitate the transformation of organic matter following organic fertilization, indicating that chemical fertilization might reduce the reliance of plants on AMF symbioses while organic fertilization strengthened the symbiotic relationship between plants and their AMF partners in agricultural ecosystems. This study demonstrated that AMF communities responded differently to long‐term chemical and organic fertilization, indicating that organic fertilization might activate belowground AMF function to maintain soil nutrients and benefit the sustainable development of agriculture.
When zoo visitors "connect" with a zoo animal, what does that mean?

Connection with a zoo animal may increase conservation-mindedness in zoo visitors, potentially resulting in conservation-oriented behavior change. No research has attempted to establish what this "connection" actually means. Visitors (N = 85) to Melbourne Zoo were asked to name the animal with which they most connected, the extent to which they connected with it, and to qualitatively describe what it meant to connect with that animal. Many (but not all) participants connected with charismatic megafauna: primate, great ape, large carnivore, or large herbivore. Qualitative analysis revealed five common themes in the meaning of connection: Appreciation, Attribution, Inspires Emotions, Interaction, and Proximity. Overall connection level was significantly correlated with perceptions of conservation caring for the chosen species. Future research should aim to determine what factors affect a zoo visitor's connection level, which could impact attitudes and behaviors toward conservation.
Evaluating Park Use and Satisfaction: The Case of Trojan Park in St. Louis Missouri

Background: Providing public access to exercise and play is vital for health promotion across populations. We evaluated the use of and satisfaction at Trojan Park, a multigenerational playground with multiple activity areas and fitness zones in the city of Wellston in St. Louis County, MO. Methods: We used video footage and the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), which is a valid and reliable system for collecting data on physical activity in parks. We then performed intercept interviews to gather user information and measure overall satisfaction with the park. Results: The park received a variety of attendees across age groups, with children and middle-aged adults representing 41.1% and 50.3% of total park users, respectively. During the time observed, 47% of attendees were engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), 22% were engaged in light physical activity (walking), and 30% were sedentary. We also observed participants spending the most time on the basketball court (38%), playground (28%), and picnic (17%) areas. Park users traveled a wide range of distances to access the park and the overwhelming majority reported a high level of satisfaction. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that multigenerational playgrounds with access to various activities and fitness zones may provide social and physical health benefits.
Reflections on grief research interview participation

Abstract This article offers a reflection of two studies conducted with bereaved college students and the feedback on motivations to be interviewed about their grief experiences. Although this was not the initial intent of the original mixed methods study, the unexpected and overwhelming response of students who signed up to interview about their grief experiences warranted an additional examination to explore this surprising phenomenon. Responses in 45 interviews centered on motivations of wanting to share their experiences, feeling safe sharing their experiences, and wanting to help other students who may be experiencing grief. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.
Multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells display broad in vitro antiviral activity and potent in vivo elimination of HIV-infected cells in a humanized mouse model

Multispecific duoCAR-T cells potently suppress HIV infection in a humanized mouse model. Driving a new HIV therapy forward CAR T cells, which are now associated with cancer therapy, were previously investigated as a treatment for HIV almost 30 years ago. Now wielding new technology and biological knowledge, Anthony-Gonda et al. report a series of multispecific anti-HIV CARs. These CARs target different portions of the HIV envelope protein and were able to eliminate diverse strains of HIV in vitro, even those that are resistant to potent broadly neutralizing antibodies. The CAR T cells are resistant to HIV infection and were able to control HIV in a humanized mouse model. The persistent surveillance capabilities of CAR T cells suggest that this therapy may one day be able to eradicate HIV in an infected person. Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells (CAR-T) has made substantial contributions to the treatment of certain B cell malignancies. Such treatment modalities could potentially obviate the need for long-term antiretroviral drug therapy in HIV/AIDS. Here, we report the development of HIV-1–based lentiviral vectors that encode CARs targeting multiple highly conserved sites on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein using a two-molecule CAR architecture, termed duoCAR. We show that transduction with lentiviral vectors encoding multispecific anti-HIV duoCARs confer primary T cells with the capacity to potently reduce cellular HIV infection by up to 99% in vitro and >97% in vivo. T cells are the targets of HIV infection, but the transduced T cells are protected from genetically diverse HIV-1 strains. The CAR-T cells also potently eliminated PBMCs infected with broadly neutralizing antibody-resistant HIV strains, including VRC01/3BNC117-resistant HIV-1. Furthermore, multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells demonstrated long-term control of HIV infection in vivo and prevented the loss of CD4+ T cells during HIV infection using a humanized NSG mouse model of intrasplenic HIV infection. These data suggest that multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells could be an effective approach for the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
The mRNA degradation factor Xrn1 regulates transcription elongation in parallel to Ccr4

Abstract Co-transcriptional imprinting of mRNA by Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and by the Ccr4–Not complex conditions its post-transcriptional fate. In turn, mRNA degradation factors like Xrn1 are able to influence RNAPII-dependent transcription, making a feedback loop that contributes to mRNA homeostasis. In this work, we have used repressible yeast GAL genes to perform accurate measurements of transcription and mRNA degradation in a set of mutants. This genetic analysis uncovered a link from mRNA decay to transcription elongation. We combined this experimental approach with computational multi-agent modelling and tested different possibilities of Xrn1 and Ccr4 action in gene transcription. This double strategy brought us to conclude that both Xrn1–decaysome and Ccr4–Not regulate RNAPII elongation, and that they do it in parallel. We validated this conclusion measuring TFIIS genome-wide recruitment to elongating RNAPII. We found that xrn1Δ and ccr4Δ exhibited very different patterns of TFIIS versus RNAPII occupancy, which confirmed their distinct role in controlling transcription elongation. We also found that the relative influence of Xrn1 and Ccr4 is different in the genes encoding ribosomal proteins as compared to the rest of the genome.
The Ubiquitin Moiety of Ubi1 Is Required for Productive Expression of Ribosomal Protein eL40 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved small eukaryotic protein. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage of precursor proteins in which it is fused either to itself, constituting a polyubiquitin precursor of head-to-tail monomers, or as a single N-terminal moiety to ribosomal proteins. Understanding the role of the ubiquitin fused to ribosomal proteins becomes relevant, as these proteins are practically invariably eS31 and eL40 in the different eukaryotes. Herein, we used the amenable yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study whether ubiquitin facilitates the expression of the fused eL40 (Ubi1 and Ubi2 precursors) and eS31 (Ubi3 precursor) ribosomal proteins. We have analyzed the phenotypic effects of a genomic ubi1∆ub-HA ubi2∆ mutant, which expresses a ubiquitin-free HA-tagged eL40A protein as the sole source of cellular eL40. This mutant shows a severe slow-growth phenotype, which could be fully suppressed by increased dosage of the ubi1∆ub-HA allele, or partially by the replacement of ubiquitin by the ubiquitin-like Smt3 protein. While expression levels of eL40A-HA from ubi1∆ub-HA are low, eL40A is produced practically at normal levels from the Smt3-S-eL40A-HA precursor. Finally, we observed enhanced aggregation of eS31-HA when derived from a Ubi3∆ub-HA precursor and reduced aggregation of eL40A-HA when expressed from a Smt3-S-eL40A-HA precursor. We conclude that ubiquitin might serve as a cis-acting molecular chaperone that assists in the folding and synthesis of the fused eL40 and eS31 ribosomal proteins.
Microrheology of interphase chromosomes with spatial constraints: a computational study

Chromatin fibers within the interior of the nucleus of the cell make stable interactions with the nucleoskeleton, an ensemble of ‘extra-chromatin’ structures which help ensuring genome stability. Although the role of these interactions appears crucial to the correct behavior of the cell, their impact on chromatin structure and dynamics remains to be elucidated. In order to tackle this important issue, in this work we introduce a simple polymer model for chromatin fibers in interphase which takes into account the two generic properties of chain-versus-chain mutual uncrossability and the presence of stable binding interactions to an extra-chromatin nuclear matrix. To study how these constraints affect chromatin structure from small to large scales, we employ extensive molecular dynamics computer simulations and we monitor the motion of nanoprobes of different sizes embedded within the polymer medium. Our results demonstrate that nanoprobes show hampered motion whenever their linear size becomes larger than chromatin stiffness. This transition is also displaying features which usually belong to the realm of glassy systems, namely long-tail correlations in the distribution functions of nanoprobe spatial displacements and heterogeneous behavior accompanied by ergodicity breaking.
Emotional problems in mothers of autistic children and their correlation with socioeconomic status and the children's core symptoms

Abstract To investigate the emotional problems (depressive and anxiety symptoms) of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explore the role of the mother's socioeconomic status (SES) and the core symptoms of the child on the mother's emotional problems. This cross-sectional survey was performed in 180 mothers of children with ASD in Chang Sha city of China. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess the anxiety and depressive symptoms of the mothers of the autistic children. The education level and annual family income, as well as occupation, were be selected as components of the mother's SES. Autism Behaviour Checklist (ABC) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were used for the evaluation of the core symptoms of the children. A general information questionnaire was also used. The ordinal regression was used to examine the effect of the SES and children's core symptoms on maternal emotional problems. The valid response rate was 92.7% (167 of 180 questionnaires were returned). Of the mothers studied, 72.5% and 80.2% had depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, and 67.1% suffered from both symptoms. Mother's SES was observed to be unrelated to maternal anxiety symptoms (P >.05). Only 1 component of the SES (junior high school education level) was related to depressive symptoms (OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.80). SRS score under 115 (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.93) of autistic children was a protective factor against maternal anxiety symptoms. The borderline and mild behavioral problems (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.19–0.99; OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.22–0.94, respectively) of autistic children were protective factors against maternal depressive symptoms. Mothers of autistic children generally exhibited high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The core symptoms of the autistic children were observed to be strongly associated with both maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms. Improvements in the core symptoms of children with ASD may help reduce maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms to some extent.
Somatosensory cortical excitability changes precede those in motor cortex during human motor learning.

Motor learning is associated with plasticity in both motor and somatosensory cortex. It is known from animal studies that tetanic stimulation to each of these areas individually induces long-term potentiation in its counterpart. In this context it is possible that changes in motor cortex contribute to somatosensory change and that changes in somatosensory cortex are involved in changes in motor areas of the brain. It is also possible that learning related plasticity occurs in these areas independently. To better understand the relative contribution to human motor learning of motor cortical and somatosensory plasticity, we assessed the time course of changes in primary somatosensory and motor cortex excitability during motor skill learning. Learning was assessed using a force production task in which a target force profile varied from one trial to the next. The excitability of primary somatosensory cortex was measured using somatosensory evoked potentials in response to median nerve stimulation. The excitability of primary motor cortex was measured using motor evoked potentials elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. These two measures were interleaved with blocks of motor learning trials. We found that the earliest changes in cortical excitability during learning occurred in somatosensory cortical responses and these changes preceded changes in motor cortical excitability. Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials were correlated with behavioral measures of learning. Changes in motor evoked potentials were not. These findings indicate that plasticity in somatosensory cortex occurs as a part of the earliest stages of motor learning, before changes in motor cortex are observed.
Structural Evolution Mechanism of Crystalline Polymers in the Isothermal Melt-Crystallization Process: A Proposition Based on Simultaneous WAXD/SAXS/FTIR Measurements

Time-resolved simultaneous measurements of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) (and FTIR spectra) were performed for various kinds of crystalline polymers in isothermal melt-crystallization processes, from which the common features of the structural evolution process as well as the different behaviors intrinsic to the individual polymer species were extracted. The polymers targeted here were polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, aliphatic nylon, vinylidene fluoride copolymer, trans-polyisoprene, and poly(alkylene terephthalate). A universal concept of the microscopically viewed structural evolution process in isothermal crystallization may be described as follows: (i) the small domains composed of locally regular but more or less disordered helical chain segments are created in the melt (this important information was obtained by the IR spectral data analysis); (ii) these domains grow larger as the length and number of more regular helical segments increase with time; (iii) the correlation among the domains becomes stronger and they approach each other; and (iv) they merge into the stacked lamellar structure consisting of the regularly arranged crystalline lattices. The inner structure of the domains is different depending on the polymer species, as known from the IR spectral data.
The Development of Tetrazole Derivatives as Protein Arginine Methyltransferase I (PRMT I) Inhibitors

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) can catalyze protein arginine methylation by transferring the methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to the guanidyl nitrogen atom of protein arginine, which influences a variety of biological processes. The dysregulation of PRMT1 is involved in a diverse range of diseases, including cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel and potent PRMT1 inhibitors. In the current manuscript, a series of 1-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized by targeting at the substrate arginine-binding site on PRMT1, and five compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against PRMT1. The most potent PRMT1 inhibitor, compound 9a, displayed non-competitive pattern with respect to either SAM or substrate arginine, and showed the strong selectivity to PRMT1 compared to PRMT5, which belongs to the type II PRMT family. It was observed that the compound 9a inhibited the functions of PRMT1 and relative factors within this pathway, and down-regulated the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The binding of compound 9a to PRMT1 was carefully analyzed by using molecular dynamic simulations and binding free energy calculations. These studies demonstrate that 9a was a potent PRMT1 inhibitor, which could be used as lead compound for further drug discovery.
Effects of Imperfect Automation Support on Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) Performance, Mental Workload, and Attention Allocation: Miss vs. False Alarm Prone Automation

This study investigated ATCo performance with reliable and imperfect automation support to examine whether automation benefits would accrue in a mixed equipage environment where ATCos were no longer responsible for freely maneuvering aircraft. Of particular interest was how types of automation imperfections would affect ATCo performance and attention allocation. Further, it was studied if automation imperfection would affect ATCo trust and attention allocation to freely maneuvering aircraft. With reliable automation ATCos detected conflicts better and sooner, compared to manual performance. Second, with imperfect automation primary task performance degraded significantly and ATCos felt more self-confident to perform without the automation when they were supported with imperfect compared to reliable automation. With respect to types of imperfection, there was a marginal trend for worse performance with miss prone automation as compared to false alarm prone automation. Third, while there were no differences in trust ratings or eye movements to freely maneuvering aircraft, ATCos perceived that freely maneuvering aircraft improved their performance more with automation than without.
The incidence and prevalence of medical device-related pressure ulcers in intensive care: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to synthesise the literature and evaluate the incidence, prevalence and severity of medical device-related pressure ulcers (MDRPU) in adult intensive care patients. METHOD Electronic databases and additional grey literature were searched for publications between 2000 and 2017. Outcome measures included cumulative incidence or incidence rate, point prevalence or period prevalence as a primary outcome and the severity and location of the pressure ulcer (PU) as secondary outcome measures. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using a nine-item checklist for prevalence studies. The heterogeneity was evaluated using 12 statistic. RESULTS We included 13 studies in this review. Prevalence was reported more frequently than incidence. Pooled data demonstrated a high variation in the incidence and prevalence rates ranging from 0.9% to 41.2% in incidence and 1.4% to 121% in prevalence. Heterogeneity was high. Mucosal pressure injuries were the most common stage reported in the incidence studies whereas category II followed by category I were most commonly reported in the prevalence studies. In the incidence studies, the most common location was the ear and in the prevalence studies it was the nose. CONCLUSION While MDRPU are common in intensive care patients, it is an understudied area. Inconsistency in the staging of MDRPU, along with variations in data collection methods, study design and reporting affect the reported incidence and prevalence rates. Standardisation of data reporting and collection method is essential for pooling of future studies.