Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Przestępczość i poczucie bezpieczeństwa w przestrzeni miasta. Przykład Łodzi

Ksiązka doktora Stanislawa Mordwy pt. Przestepczośc i poczucie bezpieczenstwa w przestrzeni miasta. Przyklad Łodzi wpisuje sie w nurt przestrzennych analiz przestepczości. To pierwsza zwarta publikacja ksiązkowa w Polsce nawiązująca do dorobku geografii przestepczości. Autor skoncentrowal tutaj uwage na wielostronnej prezentacji zlozonej problematyki związanej nie tylko z analizą rozmieszczenia przestepstw w przestrzeni miasta, ale takze uwzglednil takie kwestie, jak spoleczne i demograficzne uwarunkowania dystrybucji przestrzennej przestepczości, percepcja miejsc niebezpiecznych czy strach przed przestepczością i poczucie bezpieczenstwa mieszkancow miasta.
High-Power Coherent Beam Combining of Two Photonic Crystal Fiber Lasers

Coherent beam combining of two large mode area photonic crystal fiber (LMA PCF) lasers is studied experimentally by using a self-imaging technique. Steady interference strips with high visibility of 35% are observed in high-power operation, which demonstrates the obvious advantages of the LMA PCF over the conventional double-clad fiber in coherent beam combining. Experiments also show that the reflectivity of coupling output mirror affects the coherent output power. The maximum coherent output power of 80 W with approximate 90% combining efficiency is achieved when the pump power is 130 W and the reflectivity of coupling output mirror is 5%.
Cardiovascular and splenic responses to exercise in humans

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 1, 2005; 99 (5): 1745-1758. J Appl Physiol Christopher J. Gore, Will G. Hopkins and Caroline M. Burge Errors of measurement for blood volume parameters: a meta-analysis [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July 1, 2006; 101 (1): 289-297. J Appl Physiol S. Estrera and Robert L. Johnson, Jr. D. Merrill Dane, Connie C. W. Hsia, Eugene Y. Wu, Richard T. Hogg, Deborah C. Hogg, Aaron Splenectomy impairs diffusive oxygen transport in the lung of dogs [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 1, 2007; 103 (5): 1496-1505. J Appl Physiol Harrieth E. Wagner and Peter D. Wagner Connie C. W. Hsia, Robert L. Johnson, Jr., D. Merrill Dane, Eugene Y. Wu, Aaron S. Estrera, splenectomy The canine spleen in oxygen transport: gas exchange and hemodynamic responses to [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] 2009; 106 (2): 395-402. J Appl Physiol Petersen Michael D. Nelson, Mark J. Haykowsky, Jonathan R. Mayne, Richard L. Jones and Stewart R. exercise Effects of self-contained breathing apparatus on ventricular function during strenuous [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2010; 213 (3): 510-519. J Exp Biol E. M. Kolb, S. A. Kelly, K. M. Middleton, L. S. Sermsakdi, M. A. Chappell and T. Garland, Jr Erythropoietin elevates but not voluntary wheel running in mice
T cell-dependent protective effects of CpG motifs of bacterial DNA in experimental colitis are mediated by CD11c+ dendritic cells

Background Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated cytosine–guanosine (CpG) sequence motifs constitute the immunostimulatory components of bacterial DNA which potently activate innate immunity. Administration of CpG-ODNs before the onset of experimental colitis prevents intestinal inflammation by induction of colitis-suppressing T cells. Aims To identify the interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells finally leading to protective CpG-ODN effects in intestinal inflammation. Methods Total splenic cells or purified selected cell types (CD4+CD62L+ T cells alone or with B cells or dendritic cells (DCs)) from BALB/c mice were (co)-incubated in vitro with CpG-ODN for 5 days and CD4+CD62L+ cells were injected intraperitoneally into C.B. -17 SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. Splenic CD4+CD62L+ T cells were isolated from transgenic donor mice in which CD11c+ DCs were depleted by diphtheria toxin administration during CpG-ODN treatment and injected into C57BL/6 Rag2−/− recipients. Intestinal inflammation was evaluated by histological scoring and cytokine secretion of mesenteric lymph node cells. Results CpG-ODN treatment of total splenic cells but not of purified CD4+CD62L+ cells reduced the colitogenic potential of transferred T cells. While CpG-ODN stimulation of co-cultured CD4+CD62L+ and B-cells did not alter the colitogenic potential of T cells, co-incubation of CpG-ODN-stimulated DCs and CD4+CD62L+ cells reduced the colitogenic potential of the T cell population. Depletion of CD11c+ DCs during CpG-ODN administration in vivo abolished the protective CpG-ODN effects. Conclusions CpG-ODN-dependent protective effects in experimental colitis act indirectly on CD4+CD62L+ T cells. While the involvement of B cells could be excluded, CD11c+ DCs were identified as key mediators of CpG-ODN-induced protection in experimental colitis.
The Jovian Charging Environment and Its Effects—A Review

Several space missions are being considered for Jupiter. These range from the recently launched Juno mission to possible joint NASA and ESA missions to Europa and Ganymede. Although the direct effects of radiation dose are normally considered the most pressing design issue for these missions, spacecraft charging, through surface charging, vxB, and, more importantly, internal charging, is also a key design concern. This paper reviews the current state of understanding of the jovian charging environment including the background plasma, high-energy electrons, and magnetic field. In conjunction with these environments, we will also review the range of effects to be expected in response to these environments. These effects need to be carefully considered in parallel with radiation effects in the design of the planned missions if they are to survive in the extremely challenging jovian environment.
Calculation of bit-error rates and power penalties due to incoherent crosstalk in optical networks using Taylor series expansions

A new calculation method is presented for bit-error rates and power penalties due to incoherent crosstalk from up to eight interferers of different powers, based on a truncated Taylor series approximation of the crosstalk contribution to the noise probability density function. Formulae are provided for bit-error rates and power penalties in both thermal and ASE limited systems, with average-power and optimized decision thresholds, and include extinction ratio effects. The technique forms an excellent complement to the Gaussian approximation.
School Children Knowledge Regarding Dental Hygiene.

School health education services are an economical and powerful means of raising standard of community health, especially for the future generations. School is considered as a best setting for the positive health and prevention of diseases, awakening health consciousness in which the child grows and develops. A pre-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding dental hygiene among middle schoolchildren. The study was conducted in government schools of Jalandhar district, Punjab. Totally 60 students those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling technique. A pre-test was taken by using structured questionnaire followed by structured teaching programme. After 7 days post-test was taken. The result of the post-test score revealed that the structured teaching programme had its impact on improving the level of knowledge regarding dental hygiene among middle school children. The overall mean score of pre-test was 14.91 with the S.D. 3.84, whereas in post-test the overall mean score of 23.01 with S.D. of 3.72. The t-test value was -8.1* which is statistically significant at p<0.005 level of significance. After structured teaching programme 68% students had average and 32% had good level of knowledge and no one had poor level of knowledge regarding dental hygiene. The study finding implied that the education had a vital role in improving the knowledge of school children regarding dental hygiene.
Experimental study of hydrogen-isotope exchange between aluminous chlorite and water and of hydrogen diffusion in chlorite

Ansrucr Hydrogen-isotope exchange between Mg-Al chlorite of sheridanite composition and water has been studied experimentally over the temperature range 300-700'C. Problems were encountered with changes in the bulk D/H ratios of capsule contents during high P-T experiments. Below 500t, exchange was so slow that equilibrium fractionation factors could not be determined. Over the temperature range 500-700'C, no temperature dependence is observed, with 1000 ln a;n,-"ro around -28. Chlorite-water fractionations are not simply related to octahedral cation composition; preferential fractionation of the light isotope into chlorite reflects the presence of hydrogen bonding in the chlorite structure. A compilation of experimentally and empirically determined chlorite-water hydrogenisotope fractionation factors over a wide range of temperatures indicates that these are not measurably dependent on Fe/Mg in chlorite. Hydrogen-isotope exchange reactions proceeded by volume diffusion of hydrogen in chlorite, for which activation energies in the range 166-172 kJ/mol H are much higher than in any other hydrous mineral yet studied. Hydrogen-isotope exchange between chlorite and water in slowly cooling metamorphic rocks may nonetheless proceed to subgreenschist facies temperatures. Hydrogen-isotope exchange during hydrous metamorphism of the oceanic crust in the temperature range 200-500"C may be dominated by fractionation factors in the range 1000 ln a"D,,r1*",",: -30 to -40.
Effects of deletion of the gene for the development-specific protein S on differentiation in Myxococcus xanthus

A deletion mutation of the gene for protein S (tps), a development-specific protein of Myxococcus xanthus, was constructed. No significant differences in the process of fruiting body formation or the yield of myxospores were observed between mutant and wild-type cells. On the other hand, when the tps gene was deleted together with a 2.0-kilobase sequence including the ops gene immediately upstream of the tps gene, fruiting body formation was substantially delayed, and the yield of myxospores was reduced. These results indicate that protein S is not essential for differentiation of M. xanthus, whereas a gene product(s) coded from the sequence upstream of the tps gene appears to be required for normal fruiting body formation.
Paternity assessment and population subdivision in a natural population of the larger mouse‐eared bat Myotis myotis

A hypervariable simple sequence locus and mitochondrial D‐loop sequences were used to analyse genetically a natural population of the larger mouse‐eared bat Myotis myotis in southern Bavaria. Tests for population subdivision and direct observations suggest that females return to their natal sites, while males disperse. The males present in female nursery colonies are not related to the females. Paternity assessment for 46 offspring from a particular nursery colony showed that there are no males that monopolize the reproduction, and that the resident males in the colony had only a small mating success. Instead, the results suggest that females actively seek matings outside their colony. Most interestingly, it appears that a group of males about 16 km away from the nursery colony had a relatively high mating success and that this group of males may be related to the females of the nursery colonies. If this finding can be confirmed in a larger study, it may have important consequences for future conservation strategies.
Application of characteristic modes for the analysis of scattering from dielectric coated conducting bodies

As we all know, the merits of characteristic mode (CM) theory in antenna designs and optimizations have been well recognized in our EM community. In this paper, the scattering analysis for dielectric coated conducting bodies will be reconsidered using the modal expansion method from a novel CM formulation we developed very recently. Thus the contribution of each mode to the total scattering response can be readily obtained. It offers deep physical insight into the scattering mechanism and valuable information on how to control and adjust scattering pattern. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed modal expansion method in scattering analysis.
Relationship Between Hepatic Glucose Production and Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration in Patients With NIDDM

This study was initiated to reevaluate the changes in basal hepatic glucose production (HGP) rate that occur in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Measurements were made in 51 volunteers: 18 with normal glucose tolerance and 33 with newly diagnosed NIDDM of varying degrees of severity. To avoid the methodological problems associated with quantifying HGP over short time periods, using non-steady-state isotopic kinetics, radiolabeled glucose was infused for a 12-h period, from 10 P.M. to 10 A.M. with HGP quantified from 9 to 10 A.M. The results showed that fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration and HGP were significantly correlated (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) in patients with NIDDM. However, when the 33 patients with NIDDM were divided into three groups of 11 each on the basis of FPG concentration, it became clear that the relationship between FPG and HGP was complex. Thus, values for HGP in patients with NIDDM and FPG < 180 mg/dl were not higher than in the normal population (1.67 ± 0.07 vs. 1.69 ± 0.04 mg.kg−1 · min−1, NS). Significant increases (P < 0.01) in HGP above normal were seen in the 11 patients with NIDDM and FPG concentrations between 180 and 250 mg/dl (2.05 ± 0.07 mg.kg−1 · min−1), as well as in those with FPG > 250 mg/dl (2.18 ± 0.13 mg.kg−1 · min−1). Although those with the highest FPG concentrations tended to have the greatest values for HGP, the difference between the latter two groups of patients with NIDDM was not statistically significant. Finally, HGP rates in the 11 patients with FPG concentrations > 250 mg/dl were only 29% higher than values in the control population. These data indicate that HGP rates determined under steady-state isotopic conditions are not higher than normal until FPG concentration is >180 mg/dl, and that the increase in HGP is still relatively modest in magnitude (∼29%) in patients with the most severe degree of fasting hyperglycemia (FPG >250 mg/dl).
Combination Effect of Antibiotics Against Bacteria Isolated From Keratitis Using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index

Purpose: To study the in vitro interaction of fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin (LVFX), gatifloxacin (GFLX), or moxifloxacin (MFLX) in combination with tobramycin (TOB) or cefmenoxime (CMX) against clinical isolates of bacteria from keratitis. Methods: The activity of each drug alone was determined by an agar dilution method. Checkerboard synergy testing was then performed against 47 isolates, including Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial combinations were classified as synergistic, additive, indifferent, or antagonistic, according to their fractional inhibitory concentration. Results: The average fractional inhibitory concentration indexes of combined use of LVFX/CMX or GFLX/CMX in Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species, and LVFX/CMX, GFLX/CMX, MFLX/CMX in gram-negative rods were low. The additive activity of the following drug combinations were seen in more than 70% of isolates: LVFX/CMX and GFLX/CMX against gram-positive cocci and LVFX/CMX, GFLX/CMX, MFLX/CMX against gram-negative rods. No consistent synergistic or antagonistic effect was observed with the combinations used. Conclusion: The combination of LVFX/CMX or GFLX/CMX was predominantly additive for all tested isolates.
Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Associated With Meditation Among Patients With Melanoma

Aim: To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with meditation among people with melanoma and investigate the relationship between perceived stress, trait mindfulness, and meditation. Factors associated with interest to participate in an online meditation program were also explored. Methods: A survey-based cross-sectional study of 291 patients attending a melanoma outpatient clinic assessed knowledge of meditation, attitudes toward meditation using Determinants of Meditation Practice Inventory (DMPI), and meditation experience. Perceived stress and trait mindfulness were measured using the Perceived Stressed Scale and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale, respectively. Results: Participants who had tried meditation (43%) were likely to be younger, female, and have completed higher education or be employed. Perceived stress score was higher among women, younger participants, and those treated in the past year but did not differ by melanoma stage. Participants reported a good understanding of the potential benefits of meditation, but even among people with meditation experience, common misconceptions prevailed. The main barrier to meditation was a perceived lack of knowledge about meditation . Higher DMPI scores were associated with lower education, moderate to low access to service centers, or living in disadvantaged neighborhoods . Participants practicing meditation that involved self-reflection reported less stress and higher trait mindfulness compared with participants practicing another type of meditation. People interested in participating in an online meditation-based program reported higher perceived stress than those not interested. Conclusion: A meditation-based intervention teaching self-reflective practices, targeted at people with melanoma, may have the potential to assist them with managing their stress.
Apoptosis Is the Mode of β-Cell Death Responsible for the Development of IDDM in the Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse

The NOD/Lt mouse, a widely used model of human autoimmune IDDM, was used to establish the mode of β-cell death responsible for the development of IDDM. Apoptotic cells were present within the islets of Langerhans in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of pancreases harvested from 3- to 18-week-old female NOD/Lt mice (a range of 11–50 apoptotic cells per 100 islets). Immunohistochemical localization of insulin to the dying cells confirmed the β-cell origin of the apoptosis. Although some islets from age-matched control female NOD/scid mice contained apoptotic cells, virtually all of these cells were insulin negative as determined by immunohistochemistry. The small number of apoptotic insulin-positive cells identified in islets from NOD/scid mice (a range of 0–1 apoptotic cells per 100 islets) was not statistically significant, compared with the numbers recorded in NOD/Lt mice. All dying cells showed the morphological changes characteristic of cell death by apoptosis and stained positively with the TUNEL method for end-labeling DNA strand breaks. The maximum mean amount of β-cell apoptosis occurring in NOD/Lt mice was at week 15 (50 apoptotic cells per 100 islets), which coincided with the earliest onset of diabetes as determined by blood glucose, urine glucose, and pancreatic immunoreactive insulin measurements. While there was no peak incidence of β-cell apoptosis throughout the time period studied (weeks 3–18), the incidence of apoptosis decreased at week 18, by which time 50% of the animals had overt diabetes. The low levels of β-cell apoptosis observed is indicative of a gradual deletion of the β-cell population throughout the extensive preclinical period seen in this model and would be sufficient to account for the β-cell loss resulting in IDDM. Apoptosis of β-cells preceded the appearance of T-cells (CD3-positive by immunohistochemistry) in islets. Lymphocytic infiltration of islets (insulitis) was not detected until week 6. The results show that β-cell apoptosis is responsible for the development of IDDM in the NOD/Lt mouse and that its onset precedes lymphocytic infiltration of the islets.
Comparative Investigation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) in the Determination of Cotton Fiber Crystallinity

Despite considerable efforts in developing curve-fitting protocols to evaluate the crystallinity index (CI) from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, in its present state XRD can only provide a qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment of the amounts of crystalline or amorphous fraction in a sample. The greatest barrier to establishing quantitative XRD is the lack of appropriate cellulose standards, which are needed to calibrate the XRD measurements. In practice, samples with known CI are very difficult to prepare or determine. In a previous study, 14 we reported the development of a simple algorithm for determining fiber crystallinity information from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Hence, in this study we not only compared the fiber crystallinity information between FT-IR and XRD measurements, by developing a simple XRD algorithm in place of a time-consuming and subjective curve-fitting process, but we also suggested a direct way of determining cotton cellulose CI by calibrating XRD with the use of CIIR as references.
The safety and outcome of joint replacement surgery in liver transplant recipients

A small group of patients may require total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, or other joint replacement surgery after OLT for osteoporotic fractures, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis. Although arthroplasty is safe in the general population, its safety in liver transplant recipients is unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and outcome of joint replacement surgery in our liver transplant recipients. A retrospective analysis was performed on all liver transplant recipients who had total joint arthroplasty at a single teaching institution between 1986 and 2002. Data regarding major intraoperative and postoperative complications was obtained from the medical charts and a hospital‐based computer system. Of over 1,200 liver transplant recipients, we identified 7 patients who underwent 12 total arthroplasties (8 knee, 3 hip, 1 ankle). Joint replacements were performed electively for osteonecrosis (5 of 12) and osteoarthritis (5 of 12), whereas two hip arthroplasties were performed emergently for fractures. All patients with osteonecrosis or hip fracture had been treated with prolonged corticosteroids. There were no deaths or major complications in the intraoperative and postoperative periods. On long‐term follow‐up, no patients have had pain, dislocation, or infection in the postsurgical joint. No joint revision surgery has been required. In conclusion, a small number of stable liver transplant recipients at our institution underwent joint replacement surgery without major short‐term or long‐term complications. Our study suggests that joint replacement surgery may be safely and successfully performed in this population, although larger, randomized, prospective trials are needed to confirm our findings.