Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of non-vertical shear on stratified turbulence using the coupling between second-order models

ABSTRACT In the present investigation, the evolution of stratified turbulence submitted to a non-vertical shear is studied using second-order models. Different cases of turbulent flows are considered. Firstly, the case of a purely horizontal shear is considered (). In the second case, we study a purely vertical shear . Finally, we studied an inclined shear corresponding to . For various inclinations, angle θ, the evolution of the turbulence is investigated for a fixed Richardson number at 0.2 related to low stratification. However, we study the influence of shear inclination angle θ on the evolution of turbulence via the coupling between second-order models (SSG-SL, SSG-CL, and SSG-LRR). A good agreement between predictions of second-order models and those of Direct Numerical Simulation of Jacobitz is detected for the principal component of anisotropy .
Zoom‐in–out joint graphical lasso for different coarseness scales

A new method is proposed to estimate graphical models simultaneously from data obtained at different coarseness scales. Starting from a predefined scale the method offers the possibility to zoom in or out over scales on particular edges. The estimated graphs over the different scales have similar structures although their level of sparsity depends on the scale at which estimation takes place. The method makes it possible to evaluate the evolution of the graphs from the coarsest to the finest scale or vice versa. We select an optimal coarseness scale to be used for further analysis. Simulation studies and an application on functional magnetic resonance brain imaging data show the method's performance in practice.
The Quadratic Programming Method for Extracting Emission Line Maps from Line-blended Narrowband Images

We present a method to separate blended line emission from a set of narrowband (NB) images whose distinct throughput profiles overlap with each other. This method, based on the principle of quadratic programming (QP), treats line blending as a linearly constrained quadratic optimization problem and finds the solution by imposing a condition that the desired individual line intensities are always positive while allowing measurement uncertainties. We demonstrate the method for the quintessential example of line blending in the Hα complex by the Hα and [N ii] lines using the archived Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 and WFC3 NB images of the planetary nebula NGC 6720, in comparison with its genuine line maps extracted from a spectral cube obtained by our own long-slit scan mapping observations with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at Gemini-North. Such line-blended NB images typically permit only qualitative line diagnostics, which can lead to a factor of a few difference in the line flux ratios. This novel QP method, however, can extract individual line emission maps as long as the number of line-blended but well-calibrated NB images of differing throughputs is equal to or grater than the number of emission line maps to be extracted. The proposed QP method provides a viable alternative to the existing line emission calibration methods: a simple but innovative way to enable quantitative fully 2D plasma diagnostics at the pixel scale of input NB images available from various instruments, telescopes, and archives.
Development Learning Tools with CTL Approach for Elementary School Students

This research aims to produce learning tools with a Contextual Teaching and Learning approach (CTL) that is valid, practical, and effective for fourth graders in elementary school. This research is a development study using 4D development model which includes four stages of define, design, develop and disseminate. The result of the research shows that learning tools are valid with the very good category by the validator. Implementation of learning tools can be done with very good category and students responses to learning tools are in the very good category. There are differences in learning motivation and significant learning result between experimental classes using learning tools with Contextual Teaching and Learning approaches and control classes that do not use learning tools result of development. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the development of learning tools with Contextual Teaching and Learning approach fulfills the valid, practical, and effective criteria.
SOLVING A VARIATIONAL INCLUSION PROBLEM WITH ITS CORRESPONDING RESOLVENT EQUATION PROBLEM INVOLVING XOR-OPERATION

In this paper, we consider a variational inclusion problem involving XOR- operation with its resolvent equation problem involving XOR-operation. We suggest separate iterative algorithms for solving both the problems. The existence and convergence results are proved for variational inclusion problem and for corresponding resolvent equation problem in ordered Hilbert spaces. We claim that results of this paper are new and refinement of previously known results.
Safety Assessment of Collaborative Robotics Through Automated Formal Verification

A crucial aspect of physical human–robot collaboration (HRC) is to maintain a safe common workspace for human operator. However, close proximity between human–robot and unpredictability of human behavior raises serious challenges in terms of safety. This article proposes a risk analysis methodology for collaborative robotic applications, which is compatible with well-known standards in the area and relies on formal verification techniques to automate the traditional risk analysis methods. In particular, the methodology relies on temporal logic-based models to describe the different possible ways in which tasks can be carried out, and on fully automated formal verification techniques to explore the corresponding state space to detect and modify the hazardous situations at early stages of system design.
Statistical Taylor series expansion: An approach for epistemic uncertainty propagation in Markov reliability models

In this paper we develop a new Taylor series expansion method for computing model output metrics under epistemic uncertainty in the model input parameters. Specifically, we compute the expected value and the variance of the stationary distribution associated with Markov reliability models. In the multi-parameter case, our approach allows to analyze the impact of correlation between the uncertainty on the individual parameters the model output metric. In addition, we also approximate true risk by using the Chebyshev’ inequality. Numerical results are presented and compared to the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations ones.
Thermally induced structural reordering in Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide lithium ion cathode materials

In den letzten Jahren wurden betrachtliche Anstrengungen unternommen, um die Korrelation zwischen der Struktur und den elektrochemischen Eigenschaften von Li- und Mn-reichen NCM Schichtoxid Lithium-Ionen-Kathodenmaterialien besser zu verstehen. Insbesondere wurden Hochenergie Kathodenmaterialien mit der weit verbreiteten Li$_{1.2}$Ni$_{0.15}$Co$_{0.1}$Mn$_{0.55}$O$_2$ (HE5050) Zusammensetzung untersucht. Eine graduelle Umwandlung von einem trigonalen $ R\overline{3}m$ Schichtoxid in eine kubische $Fd\overline{3}m$ Spinellstruktur wahrend der elektrochemischen Zyklierung (De-/Lithiierung) fuhrt zu einem unerwunschten Abfall der mittleren Lade- und Entladungsspannung, der auch als 'Voltage Fade' bezeichnet wird. Dieser Umwandlungsprozess verlauft uber eine metastabile Struktur, die nach dem ersten Lade-/Entladezyklus (Formierung) vorliegt und durch einen Verlust der lokalen Kationenordnung und der Bildung von Gitterfehlern im ursprunglich hochgeordneten Material gekennzeichnet ist. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Ordnungs--Unordnungs-Ubergang in Li- und Mn-reichen Schichtoxiden detailliert auf einer langreichweitigen atomaren Skala durch Rontgen- und Synchrotronstrahlungspulverdiffraktometrie sowie auf einer sehr lokalen atomaren Skala mit $^{6,7}$Li-Kernspinresonanz- und Rontgenabsorptionsspektroskopie untersucht. Eine strukturelle 'Neuordnung' wurde durch eine thermische Behandlung (150 °C - 300 °C) in entladenen (lithiierten) und geladenen (delithiierten) Proben induziert, welche entweder zu einer teilweisen Wiederherstellung des hochgeordneten Ausgangszustands fuhrte oder zu einer Intensivierung der strukturellen Degradation hin zu einer spinelltypischen Kationenanordnung. Die so erhaltenen strukturellen Umordnungsvorgange wurden erneut auf einer langreichweitigen und lokalen atomaren Skala untersucht und mit den veranderten elektrochemischen Eigenschaften korreliert. Daruber hinaus wurde eine stark elektrochemisch ermudete Probe (300 Zyklen), die einen ausgepragten Spannungsabfall zeigt, in ihrem entladenen Zustand thermisch behandelt. Dieses Experiment fuhrte zu einer teilweisen Wiederherstellung der pristinen hochgeordneten Struktur und den damit verbundenen elektrochemischen Eigenschaften, einschlieslich der Wiedererhohung der mittleren Lade- und Entladespannung. Abschliesend wurden die Ergebnisse aller Messungen zu einem koharenten Modell zusammengefasst, das den Einfluss der lokalen Kationenordnung, der Gitterdefekte und des Sauerstoffuntergitters auf die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften, wie der Sauerstoffredoxaktivitat und den Voltage Fade, erklaren kann.
HUBUNGAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH SISWA KELAS XI IPS SMA MUHAMMADIYAH PRINGSEWU TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019

Pendidikan merupakan usaha sadar untuk mengembangkan segala kemampuan potensi yang dimiliki oleh seorang individu. Untuk tercapainya hasil belajar sejarah dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satu faktornya adalah kemandirian belajar pada siswa. Dalam hal ini, kemandirian belajar memerankan peranan penting dalam proses belajar yang berpengaruh kuat terhadap hasil belajar sejarah siswa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kemandirian belajar dengan hasil belajar sejarah siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kemandirian belajar dengan hasil belajar sejarah siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah quasy exsperiment design. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, kuisioner, dan dokumentasi serta kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data adalah teknik analisis data kulitatif dengan metode quasy exsperiment design serta menggunakan teknik analisis data dengan rumus Korelasi Spearman dan Korelasi Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besar rhitung (0,872) > rtabel (0,423) yang berarti ada hubungan yang positif kemandirian belajar dengan hasil belajar. Selanjutnya korelasi thitung (7,964) > ttabel (2,085) yang berarti hubungan positif kemandirian belajar dan hasil belajar adalah signifikan. Berdasarkan dua hasil perhitungan statistik tersebut maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang berarti ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara Kemandirian Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar Sejarah Siswa Kelas XI IPS SMA Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Kata kunci : Hubungan, Kemandirian Belajar, Hasil Belajar
Estimation of the Number of Endmembers via Thresholding Ridge Ratio Criterion

Endmember is defined as the spectral signature of pure material present in hyperspectral imagery. Estimation of the number of endmembers (NOE) present in a scene is an important preprocessing step and plays a crucial role in hyperspectral image processing, since over- or under-estimation of the NOE will lead to heavily incorrect results. In this article, we develop a thresholding ridge ratio (TRR) criterion based on eigendecomposition for NOE determination. Different from the widely used eigenvalue difference analysis methods, the TRR seeks an adaptive thresholding operation to the ridge ratio of eigenvalue differences, and ridge ratio combined with adaptive thresholding can theoretically guarantee a consistent estimate even when there are several local minima. Based on the TRR criterion, an algorithm is introduced to perform the estimation of NOE. Experimental results on both the simulated and real hyperspectral data sets have demonstrated that the proposed TRR-based algorithm has comparable and even better performances to several benchmark algorithms in the estimation accuracy of the NOE.
Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of an unperturbed interface subjected to a diffracted convergent shock

The Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability is numerically investigated on an unperturbed interface subjected to a diffracted convergent shock created by diffracting an initially cylindrical shock over a rigid cylinder. Four gas interfaces are considered with Atwood number ranging from $-0.18$ to 0.67. Results indicate that the diffracted convergent shock increases its strength gradually and reduces its amplitude quickly when it propagates towards the convergence centre. After the strike of the diffracted convergent shock, the initially unperturbed interface deforms with a bulge structure at the centre and two interface steps at both sides, which can be ascribed to the non-uniformity of the pressure distribution behind the diffracted convergent shock. With the decrease of Atwood number, the bulge structure becomes more pronounced. Quantitatively, the interface amplitude experiences a fast but short growing stage and then enters a linear stage. A good collapse of the dimensionless amplitude is found for all cases, which indicates a weak dependence of the growth rate on Atwood number in the deformed shock-induced RM instability. Then the impulsive theory is modified by eliminating the Atwood number and considering the geometry convergence, which well predicts the amplitude growth for the deformed shock-induced RM instability. Finally, the underlying mechanism is decoupled into three parts, and it is found that both the impulsive pressure perturbation and the geometry convergence promote the growth of interface perturbation while the continuous pressure perturbation inhibits the growth. As the Atwood number decreases, the impulsive perturbation plays an increasingly important role, which suggests that the impulsive perturbation dominates the deformed shock-induced RM instability at the linear stage.
Existence Results for Block Matrix Operator of Fractional Orders in Banach Algebras

This paper is concerned with proving the existence of solutions for a coupled system of quadratic integral equations of fractional order in Banach algebras. This result is a direct application of a fixed point theorem of Banach algebras. Some particular cases, examples and remarks are illustrated. Finally, the stability of solutions for that coupled system are studied.
Brain Computer Interface Untuk Aksi Memutar Lagu Terhadap Tiga Kondisi Emosional Menggunakan Spektral Daya dan Adaptive Backpropagation

Musik dapat memberikan efek positif bagi kondisi psikologis dan emosional seseorang, misalnya bagi penyandang Tuna Laras dan penderita gangguan syaraf. Bagi orang yang memiliki keterbatasan fisik, mengoperasikan perangkat eksternal seperti memutar lagu tidaklah mudah. Oleh karena itu Brain Computer Interface (BCI) dengan Elektroensephalogram (EEG) sebagai perangkat intermediate adalah salah satu solusi untuk menangani masalah tersebut. Penelitian terdahulu menggunakan sinyal EEG untuk identifikasi kondisi emosi. Namun pola sinyal dari EEG tidak dapat diklasifikasikan langsung dalam bentuk kondisi emosional, sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah model komputasi yang dapat mengklasifikasikan emosi sebagai masukan dalam mengoperasikan musik dengan genre yang sesuai. Penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan BCI untuk mengendalikan kursi roda dan sebagai input dari video game. Penelitian ini telah membangun BCI melalui sinyal EEGÂ untuk identifikasi kondisi emosional yang digunakan untuk memilih genre lagu yang dioperasikan. Model komputasi yang dibangun menggunakan Spektral Daya sebagai ekstraksi dan Adaptive Backpropagation sebagai identifikasi. Data EEG hasil perekaman diambil dua menit terakhir, dilakukan pada 10 naracoba untuk data latih dan 10 naracoba data uji dengan tiga kali perekaman dan lima kali perulangan. Sinyal EEG diekstraksi menggunakan Spektral Daya pada frekuensi 4-30 Hz dengan frekuensi sampling 128 Hz, dan diklasifikasikan menggunakan Adaptive Backpropagation. BCI terintegrasi dengan wireless EEG dalam bentuk perangkat lunak. Hasil penelitian memperoleh akurasi pengujian sebesar 99% untuk data yang telah dilatih dan 54% untuk pengujian data baru.
Some properties for a class of analytic functions defined by a higher-order differential inequality

for some λ (λ < p! {α+(p−j)β+(p−j)(p−j−1)(β−α)/2}/(p−j)! ) and j = 0, 1, . , p , where p+1−j+2α/(β−α) > 0 or α = β = 1 . The extreme points of Bp(α, β, λ; j) are determined and various sharp inequalities related to Bp(α, β, λ; j) are obtained. These include univalence criteria, coefficient bounds, growth and distortion estimates and bounds for certain linear operators. Furthermore, inclusion properties are investigated and estimates on λ are found so that functions of Bp(α, β, λ; j) are p-valent starlike in U . For instance, Re{zf ′′(z)} > (5 − 12 ln 2)/(44 − 48 ln 2) ≈ −0.309 is sufficient condition for any normalized analytic function f to be starlike in U . The results improve and include a number of known results as their special cases.
The computation of eigenvalues of large sparse matrices

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Fine-Tuning of Multijunction Solar Cells: An In-Depth Evaluation

Multijunction (MJ) solar cells are currently seen as the most promising technology toward achieving incomparable solar to electricity conversion efficiency, largely surpassing the best conventional single-junction solar cells. It was recently shown that futuristic cell architectures encompassing increasing number of subcells will likely show increased sensitivity to the spectral distribution of sunlight, giving rise to dramatic variations in the energy output of MJ-based Photovoltaic (PV) systems from one location to the other. Here, we investigate the extent to which MJ cells fine-tuned to the spectral distribution of any particular site are likely to outperform conventionally designed solar cells (tailored to AM1.5 reference solar spectrum). We first tackle the question of the extent to which fine-tuning may improve the performance of MJ cells showing deviations in the values of the main atmospheric parameters, relative to the reference solar spectrum. We then evaluate the potential of fine-tuning in improving the energy output of MJ cell-based PV systems for several locations selected for being representative of the broad diversity of atmospheric and climatic conditions. We demonstrate that the improvement in the energy output one can expect from fine-tuned PV cells strongly depends on how the mean annual spectrum deviates from the reference AM1.5 solar spectrum, with values ranging from $\approx$0 to more than 30%, depending on the location and the cell architecture considered. Implications for future generations of MJ solar cells are finally discussed.
Broadband Green's Function (BBGFL) Method With Imaginary Wavenumber Extractions for Simulations of Radiated Emissions From Irregular Shaped Printed Circuit Board

In this article, we apply the broadband Green's function for fast full-wave simulations of the radiated emissions from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of irregular shape. Changes were made on the previous version that improve the computational efficiency and accuracies of the solutions. The improvements include imaginary wavenumber extractions for the acceleration of convergence of modal expansions without the need of high-order quadrature, and the fast-exact normalization of modes. Results of the radiated fields are illustrated over a broad frequency range up to 10 GHz and for irregular shaped PCB up to 4 in in sizes. The results are in good agreement with the method of moment for both the modal solutions and the radiated emissions. The results are shown to be more accurate than the previous version of broadband Green's functions with low wavenumber extractions. The significant computational efficiency makes this technique useful for electronic design automation to electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility applications.
Left ventricular global strains by linear measurements in three dimensions: interrelations and relations to age, gender and body size in the HUNT Study

Background Strain is a relative deformation and has three dimensions, in the left ventricle (LV) usually longitudinal (εL), transmural (εT) and circumferential (εC) strain. All three components can be measured generically by the basic systolic and diastolic dimension measures of LV wall length, wall thickness and diameter. In this observational study we aimed to study the relations of normal generic strains to age, body size and gender, as well as the interrelations between the three strain components. Methods Generic strains derived from dimension measures by longitudinal and cross-sectional M-mode in all three dimensions were measured in 1266 individuals without heart disease from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Results The mean εL was −16.3%, εC was −22.7% and εT was 56.5%. Normal values by age and gender are provided. There was a gradient of εC from the endocardial, via the midwall to the external level, lowest at the external. All strains decreased in absolute values by increasing body surface area (BSA) and age, relations were strongest for εL. Gender differences were mainly a function of BSA differences. The three strain components were strongly interrelated through myocardial incompressibility. Conclusions Global systolic strain is the total deformation of the myocardium; the three strain components are the spatial coordinates of this deformation, irrespective of the technology used for measurement. Normal values are method-dependent and not normative across methods. Interrelation of strains indicates a high degree of myocardial incompressibility and that longitudinal strain carries most of the total information.