Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The association between race and survival in glioblastoma patients in the US: A retrospective cohort study

Background Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer in adults with an incidence of 3.4 per 100,000, making up about 15% of all brain tumors. Inconsistent results have been published in regard differences in survival between white and black glioblastoma patients. The objective of this to study the association between race and in Glioblastoma patients in the USA during 2010–2014. Methods and findings The National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were used to evaluate race/ethnicity (White non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islanders non-Hispanic (API)) and Hispanic) adults patients with first-time diagnosis of glioblastoma (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition [ICD-O-3], codes C711-C714, and histology type 9440/3) from 2010–2014. The primary outcome was 3-year overall survival which was defined as months from diagnosis to death due to any cause and cancer, Kaplan-Meier (KM) and log-rank test were used to compare overall survival times across race groups. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the independent effect of race on 3-year survival. Age, gender, health insurance coverage, primary site, tumor size, extent of surgery and year of diagnosis were included in the adjusted model. The 3-year overall survival for API-non Hispanic (NH) patients decreased by 25% compared with White NH glioblastoma patients (hazard ratio (HR) 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.90)) after adjusting for age, gender, health insurance, primary site, tumor size, and extent of the surgery. Black NH (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80–1.13) and Hispanic (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.84–1.21) exhibited similar mortality risks compared with White NH patients. Conclusion Compared with White NH, API NH with glioblastoma have a better survival. The findings from this study can help increase the accuracy of the prognostic outlook for white, black and API patients with GBM.
A simple wall function for complex atmospheric boundary layer and its application in wind energy

A wall function suitable for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) is developed. This wall function is an improvement of the standard log law but has a unified formula spanning the whole turbulent boundary layer. By modifying a compressible heat transfer wall function, the ability of this wall function is extended to the ABL problems. Hence the ground effects such as heat transfer, pressure gradient can be included in the wall function. The method of introducing the roughness into this king of wall function is also discussed. Several cases including not only the typical turbulent flat plate but also some practically complex ones have been computed as verification of the wall function. The results show that the wall function produces modification to the turbulence values near the boundary, leading to an upgrade of the accuracy especially when the atmospheric boundary effects exist. The impact of these effects on the boundary layer indicates that they are unelectable for complex ABL flow. Besides, this wall function has good efficiency and strong robustness thus it can be applied as a boundary condition into the wind farm simulation for wind energy.
Performance on the Cognitive Reflection Test is Stable Across Time

A widely used measure of individual propensity to utilize analytic processing is the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), a set of math problems with intuitively compelling but incorrect answers. Here, we ask whether scores on this measure are temporally stable. We aggregate data from 11 studies run on Amazon Mechanical Turk in which the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) was administered and identify N = 3,302 unique individuals who completed the CRT two or more times. We find a strong correlation between an individual’s first and last CRT performance, r = . 806. This remains true even when constraining to data points separated by over 2 years, r = . 755. Furthermore, we find that CRT scores from one timepoint correlated negatively with belief in God and social conservatism from the other timepoint (and to a similar extent as scores gathered at the same timepoint). These results show that CRT scores are stable over time, and – given the stable relationship between CRT and religious belief and ideology – provide some evidence for the stability of analytic cognitive style more generally.
Hypertrophic neuritis causing tetraparesis in a cat

An 8-year-old castrated male cat presented with acute ataxia and paresis in all four limbs. The cat also exhibited signs of autonomic nervous system impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed swelling of the brachial plexuses bilaterally. Despite treatment, the cat died after 10 days of treatment. A postmortem examination revealed swollen radial nerves and cervical nerve roots in which infiltration of inflammatory cells was histologically confirmed. Additionally, lymphocytic infiltration was found around the blood vessels of the sciatic nerve bundle and the vagus nerve. Histological features were comparable to previously reported brachial plexus hypertrophic neuritis in a cat. Our case was unique in that the autonomic nerves were also involved in addition to the somatic nerves in all four limbs.
Geochemical Characteristics of Soils on Ellis Island, New York-New Jersey, Sixty Years after the Abandonment of the Hospital Complex

Soil plays many critical roles in ecosystem health. As urbanization expands into once industrial and commercial lands, there is increased potential for human exposure to soil contaminants, including heavy metals introduced by past anthropogenic activities. Thus, it is important to assess soil contamination in such areas for public health concerns. In this study, we investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of soils from an abandoned hospital complex on Ellis Island, New York (NY) – New Jersey (NJ) to assess the geochemical conditions of the local soil environment and metal contamination from historical activities, including coal-burning and use of lead arsenate insecticide and lead paint. The soil texture, nutrient content and heavy metal (As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and Hg) concentrations were determined and their impact was evaluated. Soils were mostly sandy loam with C:N ratios of about 20:1. Heavy metals were elevated compared to background soils. Concentrations of acid extractable As and Pb ranged from 8.12 to 26.3 mg·kg−1 and 257 to 1008 mg·kg−1, respectively. Total-Hg concentrations varied from 0.191 to 0.899 mg·kg−1, with the higher levels likely from local coal-burning and deposition from the prevailing westerly winds. Overall, we find that even after 60 years of abandonment, the impact to Ellis Island soil from past human activities can still be observed.
Single-Molecule Microscopy Reveals Dynamic FLNA Interactions Governing SSTR2 Clustering and Internalization

The cytoskeletal protein filamin A (FLNA) has been suggested to play an important role in the responsiveness of GH-secreting pituitary tumors to somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) agonists by regulating SSTR2 expression and signaling. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we use fast multicolor single-molecule microscopy to image individual SSTR2 and FLNA molecules at the surface of living cells with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We find that SSTR2 and FLNA undergo transient interactions, which occur preferentially along actin fibers and contribute to restraining SSTR2 diffusion. Agonist stimulation increases the localization of SSTR2 along actin fibers and, subsequently, SSTR2 clustering and recruitment to clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Interfering with FLNA-SSTR2 binding with a dominant-negative FLNA fragment increases SSTR2 mobility, hampers the formation and alignment of SSTR2 clusters along actin fibers, and impairs both SSTR2 recruitment to CCPs and SSTR2 internalization. These findings indicate that dynamic SSTR2-FLNA interactions critically control the nanoscale localization of SSTR2 at the plasma membrane and are required for coupling SSTR2 clustering to internalization. These mechanisms explain the critical role of FLNA in the control of SSTR2 expression and signaling and suggest the possibility of targeting SSTR2-FLNA interactions for the therapy of pharmacologically resistant GH-secreting pituitary tumors.
Scaling laws for high-order-harmonic generation with midinfrared laser pulses

We derive an analytic expression for the wavelength scaling of the high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) yield induced by midinfrared driving laser fields. It is based on a quasiclassical description of the returning electron wave packet, which is shown to be largely independent of atomic properties. The accuracy of this analytic expression is confirmed by comparison with results of numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for wavelengths in the range of $1.4\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}\ensuremath{\leqslant}\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\leqslant}4\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. We verify the wavelength scaling of the HHG yield found numerically for midinfrared laser fields in a recent paper by Le et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 033001 (2014)].
Effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt supplementation on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and mitochondria-related gene expression in weanling piglets born with low birth weight.

Dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na), has exhibited excellent advantages in animal experiments and human health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with 0.1% DMG-Na on the growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity and mRNA expression of mitochondria-related genes in low birth weight (LBW) piglets during weaning period. Sixteen piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and sixteen LBW piglets were fed either a basal diet or a 0.1% DMG-Na supplemented diet from age of 21 d to 49 d. Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of the study. The results showed that compared with NBW piglets, LBW piglets exhibited greater (P < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase activities in the serum. LBW decreased (P < 0.05) the activity of glutathione peroxidase, and increased (P < 0.05) the contents of malondialdehyde and H2O2 in liver. DMG-Na supplementation increased (P < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency, decreased (P < 0.05) ALT and AST activities, and reduced the content of H2O2 in LBW piglets. LBW piglets had downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of thioredoxin 2, thioredoxin reductases 2, and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (Nrf1) in the liver. However, DMG-Na supplementation increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of Nrf1 in the liver. In conclusion, DMG-Na supplementation has beneficial effects in alleviating LBW-induced hepatic oxidative damage and changed mitochondrial genes expression levels, which is associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activities and up-regulating mRNA gene abundance.
Current understanding of meningeal and cerebral vascular function underlying migraine headache

Background The exact mechanisms underlying the onset of a migraine attack are not completely understood. It is, however, now well accepted that the onset of the excruciating throbbing headache of migraine is mediated by the activation and increased mechanosensitivity (i.e. sensitization) of trigeminal nociceptive afferents that innervate the cranial meninges and their related large blood vessels. Objectives To provide a critical summary of current understanding of the role that the cranial meninges, their associated vasculature, and immune cells play in meningeal nociception and the ensuing migraine headache. Methods We discuss the anatomy of the cranial meninges, their associated vasculature, innervation and immune cell population. We then debate the meningeal neurogenic inflammation hypothesis of migraine and its putative contribution to migraine pain. Finally, we provide insights into potential sources of meningeal inflammation and nociception beyond neurogenic inflammation, and their potential contribution to migraine headache.
5-Aminotetrazoles and Silver-based Primary Explosives

Several silver nitrate and perchlorate salts with 5-aminotetrazole-based ligands have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, Raman and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In addition, several of the new compounds were characterized by X-ray structure analysis. The energetic properties of the materials were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis in combination with standard impact and friction BAM tests. The compounds synthesized have good thermal stabilities above 225 °C and in some instances the high sensitivities of the materials towards impact and friction make them fall under the category of primary explosives. Some of the compounds might present prospective use in initiation devices for civil and military applications.
The very young resolved stellar populations around stripped-envelope supernovae

The massive star origins for Type IIP supernovae (SNe) have been established through direct detection of their red supergiants progenitors in pre-explosion observations; however, there has been limited success in the detection of the progenitors of H-deficient SNe. The final fate of more massive stars, capable of undergoing a Wolf-Rayet phase, and the origins of Type Ibc SNe remains debated, including the relative importance of single massive star progenitors or lower mass stars stripped in binaries. We present an analysis of the ages and spatial distributions of massive stars around the sites of 23 stripped-envelope SNe, as observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, to probe the possible origins of the progenitors of these events. Using a Bayesian stellar populations analysis scheme, we find characteristic ages for the populations observed within $150\,\mathrm{pc}$ of the target Type IIb, Ib and Ic SNe to be $\log (t) = 7.20$, $7.05$ and $6.57$, respectively. The Type Ic SNe in the sample are nearly all observed within $100\,\mathrm{pc}$ of young, dense stellar populations. The environment around SN 2002ap is an important exception both in terms of age and spatial properties. These findings may support the hypothesis that stars with $M_{init} > 30M_{\odot}$ produce a relatively large proportion of Type Ibc SNe, and that these SN subtypes arise from progressively more massive progenitors. Significantly higher extinctions are derived towards the populations hosting these SNe than previously used in analysis of constraints from pre-explosion observations. The large initial masses inferred for the progenitors are in stark contrast with the low ejecta masses estimated from SN light curves.
Guiding Management in Severe Trauma: Reviewing Factors Predicting Outcome in Vastly Injured Patients

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with road traffic collisions, suicides, and homicides accounting for the majority of injury-related deaths. Since trauma mainly affects young age groups, it is recognized as a serious social and economic threat, as annually, almost 16,000 posttrauma individuals are expected to lose their lives and many more to end up disabled. The purpose of this research is to summarize current knowledge on factors predicting outcome – specifically mortality risk – in severely injured patients. Development of this review was mainly based on the systematic search of PubMed medical library, Cochrane database, and advanced trauma life support Guiding Manuals. The research was based on publications between 1994 and 2016. Although hypovolemic, obstructive, cardiogenic, and septic shock can all be seen in multi-trauma patients, hemorrhage-induced shock is by far the most common cause of shock. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on factors predicting outcome – more specifically mortality risk – in severely injured patients. The main mortality-predicting factors in trauma patients are those associated with basic human physiology and tissue perfusion status, coagulation adequacy, and resuscitation requirements. On the contrary, advanced age and the presence of comorbidities predispose patients to a poor outcome because of the loss of physiological reserves. Trauma resuscitation teams considering mortality prediction factors can not only guide resuscitation but also identify patients with high mortality risk who were previously considered less severely injured.
odiMojo : Effective Internet-based promotion of positive body image in dolescent girls ebra

This study tested the efficacy of an Internet-based health promotion program, BodiMojo, designed to promote positive body image in adolescents. Participants were 178 students (mean age 15.2 years, 67.6% ethnic minority) in three public high schools. Intervention groups used BodiMojo for four weekly health class periods, while controls participated in their usual health curriculum. Body image measures were given at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months. Girls reported decreased body dissatisfaction (p < .05), nternet ody image dolescents
Investigation of Affecting Factors on Persistence in the Treatment of Patients under Methadone Maintenance Therapy in Addiction Therapy Centers, Yazd-Iran

Drug addiction is one of the current world’s hygienic, mental and social problems. There are different treatments for this illness. MMT (Methadone Maintenance Therapy) is considered as a standard and acceptable therapy for addiction; and there are many affecting factors regarding gaining success in this type of treatment. In this study, we investigated some of these factors. One of the most important issues in MMT is to keep up patient on his/her treatment till complete abstinence; therefore, it is recommended that the patient does not leave his/her therapy without discretion of the therapist. In this study, 230 patients, who began MMT, and admitted to addiction treatment centers of Yazd province were included. In this study, the survival rate in the first, third, and sixth months were evaluated as 93.9%, 63.48%, and 28.36%, respectively. It was found that following parameters are important in rate of survival during treatment: family support, gender, dose of methadone and concomitant use of morphine during treatment. Moreover, factors like level of education, marital status, age and concomitant use of methamphetamine during treatment can be effective in this regard.
Carbon sequestration potential of tropical pasture compared to afforestation in Panama Running title : Carbon sequestration of pasture and afforestation

Tropical forest ecosystems play an important role in regulating the global climate, yet deforestation and land-use change mean that the tropical carbon sink is increasingly influenced by agroecosystems and pastures. Despite this, it is not yet fully understood how carbon cycling in the tropics responds to land-use change, particularly for pasture and afforestation. Thus, the objectives of our study were: (1) to elucidate the environmental controls and the impact of management on gross primary production (GPP), total ecosystem respiration (TER) and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE); (2) to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of tropical afforestation compared to pasture; and (3) to compare eddy covariance-derived carbon budgets with biomass and soil inventory data. We performed comparative measurements of NEE in a tropical C4 pasture and an adjacent afforestation with native tree species in Sardinilla (Panama) from 2007 to 2009. Pronounced seasonal variation in GPP, TER and NEE were closely related to radiation, soil moisture, and C3 versus C4 plant physiology. The shallow rooting depth of grasses compared to trees resulted in a higher sensitivity of the pasture ecosystem to water limitation and seasonal drought. During 2008, substantial amounts of carbon were sequestered by the afforestation (–442 g C m, negative values denote ecosystem carbon uptake), which was in agreement with biometric observations (–450 g C m). In contrast, the pasture ecosystem was a strong carbon source in 2008 and 2009 (261 g C m), associated with seasonal drought and overgrazing. In addition, soil carbon isotope data indicated rapid carbon turnover after conversion from C4 pasture to C3 afforestation. Our results clearly show the potential for considerable carbon sequestration of tropical afforestation and highlight the risk of carbon losses from pasture ecosystems in a seasonal tropical climate.
Augmentations to the Noah Model Physics for Application to the Yellow River Source Area. Part I: Soil Water Flow

AbstractThis is the first part of a study focusing on evaluating the performance of the Noah land surface model (LSM) in simulating surface water and energy budgets for the high-elevation source region of the Yellow River (SRYR). A comprehensive dataset is utilized that includes in situ micrometeorological and profile soil moisture and temperature measurements as well as laboratory soil property measurements of samples collected across the SRYR. Here, the simulation of soil water flow is investigated, while Part II concentrates on the surface heat flux and soil temperature simulations. Three augmentations are proposed: 1) to include the effect of organic matter on soil hydraulic parameterization via the additivity hypothesis, 2) to implement the saturated hydraulic conductivity as an exponentially decaying function with soil depth, and 3) to modify the vertical root distribution to represent the Tibetan conditions characterized by an abundance of roots in the topsoil. The diffusivity form of Richards’ equ.
Replay of Stimulus Specific Temporal Patterns during Associative Memory Formation

Forming a memory often entails the association of recent experience with present events. This recent experience is usually an information rich and dynamic representation of the world around us. We here show that associating a static cue with a previously shown dynamic stimulus, yields a detectable, dynamic representation of this stimulus in working memory. We further implicate this representation in the decrease of low-frequency power (∼4-30 Hz) in the ongoing electroencephalogram (EEG), which is a well-known correlate of successful memory formation. The maintenance of content specific patterns in desynchronizing brain oscillations was observed in two sensory domains, i.e. in a visual and in an auditory condition. Together with previous results, these data suggest a mechanism that generalizes across domains and processes, in which the decrease in oscillatory power allows for the dynamic representation of information in ongoing brain oscillations.