Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF CUMIN PLANT TO SOME ORGANIC, BIOFERTILIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENTS I. VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND FRUITS YIELD

The effect of farmyard manure (FYM) at 10, 15 and 20 m3/fed E.M. and/or vitamin E or vit. B1 treatments on vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches/plant and dry weight of herb/plant), yield (number of umbels/plant, fruit yield/plant and /fed) of cumin plant were investigated during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Samalot region (El-Byaho village) - Minia Governorate and Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Fac. of Agric. , Minia Univ. All treatments of FYM statistically increased vegetative growth characters and fruit yield as compared with control. The high level of FYM was the most effective in this concern. The treatments of E.M. + vit. B1 followed by E.M. + vit. E, then mineral NPK (full dose) were the best results in increasing all the previous traits. Supplying cumin plants with FYM at 20 m3/fed in combination with E.M. + vitamins (B1 or E) or FYM at 15 m3/fed plus E.M. + vit. B1 resulted overall the highest values of the previous traits.
ENHANCED FABA BEAN GROWTH BY COMBINED INOCULATION WITH Rhizobium STRAINS AND Pseudomonas ﬂuorescens PF-23932 STRAIN AS A PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA

Response of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to co-inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains as a plant growth promoting and Pseudomonas fluorescens with half recommended doses of NPK was studied. Rhizobium strain RL12612 showed significantly increased in Indole acetic acid (IAA) produced in complete and minimal medium supplemented with tryptophan in relation to bacterial strains. Whereas, PF-23932 showed significantly increased in IAA produced in minimal medium supplemented with tryptophan. A field experiment was conducted at Tag ElEzz Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during two seasons 2014 to 2015. Co-inoculation with rhizobium strains and Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-23932 improved nodulation parameters during two seasons above the uninoculated plants. All treatments showed significant increase in root dry weight at 60 days plant-old above uninoculated plants during two seasons. Whereas, all treatments appeared significant increase in plant height in 2014 season. The result revealed high significant increase in the number of pods per plant in both seasons when the plants inoculated with RL-12612 strain and co-inoculated rhizobium strains with Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-23932 above uninoculated plants at 150 days-old among two seasons. RL-207 and co-inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-23932 play an important role to improve chlorophyll b at 60 days plant-old among first seasons. All treatments appeared significant increase in NPK content at 60 days plant-old above uninoculated plants among two seasons except potassium content in second season .
Determination of optimal mutagen dosage and its effects on morpho-agronomic traits in putative mutants of ‘amasya’ apple

Atay A. N. , E. Atay, B. Kunter, K. Y. Kantoglu, N. Kaplan (2019): Determination o f optimal mutagen dosage and its effects on morpho-agronomic traits in putative mutants o f ‘Amasya ’ apple.Genetika, Vol 51, No.2, 629-639. Mutation breeding is one of the efficient ways to create new genotypes. The starting material of this study was the ‘Amasya’, a Turkish apple cultivar. This study aimed to identify optimal mutagen dosage that is the most important prerequisite to create a proper mutant population, and evaluate the genetic variability for morpho-agronomic traits (e.g. tree height and fruit number) in the putative apple mutants of ‘Amasya’ irradiated at the optimal mutagen dosage. In the first year of the study, to determine the optimal mutagen dosage, dormant ‘Amasya’ scion woods were irradiated at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 gray dosages using 60Co source. The optimal mutagen dosage was determined as 29.01 gray for ‘Amasya’ concerning the 50% shoot length reduction in comparison to the non irradiated control plants. In the following year, more or less 2000 dormant ‘Amasya’ scion woods were irradiated at the optimal mutagen dosage to generate a mutant population of ‘Amasya’ apple cultivar. Mutation frequency based on the visual observations of plant abnormalities was observed. Then three years, genetic uniformity
Citrus pectin films enriched with thinned young apple polyphenols for potential use as bio-based active packaging

ABSTRACT The present work was aimed at developing and characterizing biodegradable citrus pectin films incorporated with young apple polyphenols (YAPs). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to get acquaintance with the structure of the pectin/YAP films. An increase of tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) accompanied with a decrease in elongation at break (% EB) was observed with YAP. FTIR spectrometry exhibited the emergence of new absorbance peak at 1520 cm−1, suggesting some interactions between both constituents of films. An increase in thermal stability of films was also observed by the inclusion of YAP into the film. Moreover, SEM analysis revealed that YAPs were homogenously distributed across pectin matrix. The antioxidant potential of the films was amplified by incorporating YAP. The microbiological assessment of the films confirmed the antimicrobial efficiency of newly developed films against three major food-borne pathogens.
Molecular Characterization of a Large Diversity of Bambara Groundnut Potyviruses (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) in Burkina Faso

Potyviruses are major constraints to grain legume production by causing significant yield losses. Potyviruses infecting Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) were investigated in Burkina Faso. Leaf samples collected from three agroclimatic zones were subjected to RT-PCR and sequence analyses. Of a total of 135 samples, 36 (26.67%) were detected positive in RT-PCR tests using potyvirus universal primers. Analysis of full coat protein (cp) sequences from 24 isolates revealed the occurrence of three groups of Bambara groundnut-infecting potyviruses. Virus isolates in group 1 shared 94.5% - 100% nucleotide (nt) identity with CABMV whereas those in group 2 and group 3 were distantly related Bean common necrosis virus (BCMNV) and Passiflora virus Ugandan which were their respective closest potyviruses. Group 2 shared 77.1% nt and 78.8% - 79.9% aa identity with BCMNV and group 3 shared 77.3% - 78.3% nt and 80.7% - 81.5% aa identity with Passiflora virus Ugandan. All three groups were confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. Taking into account potyvirus demarcation criteria, group 1 isolates belonged to CABMV species. Group 2 and group 3 were assigned to a potentially new potyviruses species and designated Bambara groundnut potyvirus 1 (BGPV1) and Bambara groundnut potyvirus 2 (BGPV2).
Vegetation Dynamics and Diversity Status in Mughal Garden Wah, Pakistan

Classification and ordination of vegetation of Mughal Garden, Wah, Pakistan was done along with assessment of diversity status. A total of 45 species were recorded in vegetation survey belonging to 24 families with Asteraceae and Poaceae being the largest families. Herbs dominated the flora of Wah Garden by 44.4%, shrubs 15.5%, trees 13.3%, grasses 11.1%, creeping herbs 11.1%, ferns 2.2% and aquatic herbs 2.2%. About 35.5% species were annuals, 28.8% perennials, 13.3% annuals or perennials, 8.8% annuals or biennials, 8.8% deciduous, 2.2% coniferous and evergreen species. In case of life form of species, Therophytes and Megaphanerophytes were the most prevalent among species indirect ordination techniques TWINSPAN and DCA were employed that produced two major groups which were further divided into five communities and three major groups, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson Index of diversity and Hills N1 and N2 diversity numbers were calculated and verified by data attribute plot through DCA suggesting reduced species diversity as Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged between 0 and 1.67 due to increased anthropogenic activity. The outcome of this research will be useful in providing information on identification of species that are present, their distribution patterns, and classification which would help in management and conservation of native vegetation in future.
The APL1 immune factor is encoded by a single ancestral gene in most Anopheles species and expanded to three paralogs with distinct function in the Anopheles gambiae complex

Background The recent reference genome assembly and annotation of the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi revealed only one gene encoding the leucine-rich repeat immune factor APL1, while in Anopheles gambiae and sibling Anopheles coluzzii, APL1 factors are encoded by a family of three paralogs. The phylogeny and biological function of the unique APL1 gene in A. stephensi have not yet been specifically examined. Methods The APL1 locus was manually sequenced to confirm the computationally predicted single APL1 gene in A. stephensi, and APL1 evolution within Anopheles was explored by phylogenomic analysis. The single or paralogous APL1 genes were silenced in A. stephensi and A. coluzzii, respectively, followed by mosquito survival analysis, experimental infection with Plasmodium, and expression analysis. Results APL1 is present as a single ancestral gene in most Anopheles including A. stephensi, but has expanded to three paralogs in an African lineage that includes only the Gambiae species complex and Anopheles christyi. Silencing of the unique APL1 copy in A. stephensi results in significant mosquito mortality. Elevated mortality of APL1-depleted A. stephensi is rescued by antibiotic treatment, suggesting that bacteria are the cause of mortality, and that the unique APL1 gene is essential for host survival. Successful Plasmodium development in A. stephensi depends upon APL1 activity for protection from high host mortality, probably caused by exposure to enteric bacteria when parasites cross the midgut epithelial barrier. In contrast, silencing of all three APL1 paralogs in A. coluzzii does not result in elevated mortality, either with or without Plasmodium infection. Expression of the single APL1 gene is regulated by both the Imd and Toll immune pathways, while control by the two pathways is subdivided to different paralogs in the expanded APL1 locus. Conclusions APL1 underwent neofunctionalization with both loss and gain of functions concomitant with expansion from a single ancestral gene to three paralogs in one lineage of African Anopheles. The evolution of an expanded APL1 gene family could be a factor contributing to the exceptional levels of malaria transmission mediated by human-feeding members of the Gambiae complex in Africa.
The influence of different aspects of grouse moorland management on nontarget bird assemblages

Abstract Conflict between stakeholders with opposing interests can hamper biodiversity conservation. When conflicts become entrenched, evidence from applied ecology can reveal new ways forward for their management. In particular, where disagreement exists over the efficacy or ethics of management actions, research clarifying the uncertain impacts of management on wildlife can move debates forwards to conciliation. Here, we explore a case‐study of entrenched conflict where uncertainty exists over the impacts of multiple management actions: namely, moorlands managed for the shooting of red grouse (willow ptarmigan) Lagopus lagopus in the United Kingdom (UK). Debate over how UK moorlands should be managed is increasingly polarized. We evaluate, for the first time at a regional scale, the relative impacts of two major moorland management practices—predator control and heather burning—on nontarget bird species of conservation concern. Birds were surveyed on 18 estates across Northern England and Southeast Scotland. Sites ranged from intensively managed grouse moors to moorland sites with no management for grouse shooting. We hypothesised that both targeted predator control and burning regimes would enhance ground‐nesting wader numbers and, as a consequence of this, and of increased grouse numbers, nontarget avian predators should also be more abundant on heavily managed sites. There were positive associations between predator control and the abundance of the three most widespread species of ground‐nesting wader: strong effects for European golden plover Pluvialis apricaria and Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata and, less strongly, for common snipe Gallinago gallinago. These effects saturated at low levels of predator control. Evidence for effects of burning was much weaker. We found no evidence of enhanced numbers of nontarget predators on heavily managed sites.
Determination of nutrient and energy values of cottonseed meal supplemented or not with phytase and protease for broiler chicks

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional and energy compositions of cottonseed meal (CM), with or without enzyme supplementation, for broilers at different ages. A total of 672 male Cobb 500 chickens were distributed into four metabolism and ileal-digestibility trials. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and six replicates. The following treatments were tested: a corn- and soybean meal-based control diet without enzymes; control diet with enzyme addition; control diet with 25% replaced [. ]
Effect of prior tree marking, thinning method and topping diameter on harvester performance in a first thinning operation – a field experiment

The effect of harvester operator tree selection or prior tree marking in thinning operations on satisfactory results and performance has been widely discussed. In harvester operator tree selection, the machine operator decides on the fly which trees are selected to remain or cut. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of prior tree marking, thinning method and topping diameter on harvester performance in low-diameter thinning operations. The entire thinning operation was captured using video technology. Overall, 2.36 ha divided into 48 plots with 5202 trees were thinned with an average diameter at breast height (dbh) over bark for all plots of between 12.5 and 14.7 cm. In total, 3122 trees were harvested, resulting in 60% removal of stem number over all plots. The harvester achieved a mean productivity of 7.38 m PMH with 1.48 m PMH SEM, with stem volume having the major influence on harvesting productivity. Prior tree marking, topping and thinning method did not significantly affect productivity. Without prior tree marking by the foresters, harvesting removal was shifted toward lower diameters. Within the unmarked plots, 7.0% of the residual trees were damaged compared with 3.2% in marked plots. 30â130â1
Capsinoids Supplementation does not Prevent Weight Gain and does not Change Lipid Profile in Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

We hypothesized that capsinoids supplementation, a bioactive vanillylamines isolated from chili peppers, would exert protective effects against high-fat diet -induced weight gain via regulation of lipid, glucose and insulin profile. To test our hypothesis, twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet, standard diet with capsinoids, high-fat diet and high-fat diet with capsinoids for 6 weeks. Capsinoids dose was 0.18 mg/kg/d. During the experiment, body weight and food intake were evaluated weekly and biochemical analyses were performed at the end of the experimental period. Only high-fat diet with capsinoids presented lower total food intake as compared to standard diet with capsinoids group (~35%). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in weight gain between the groups. Capsinoids supplementation did not prevent retroperitoneal and epididymal fat gain on high-fat diet with capsinoids, as well did not change brown fat and liver weight. Moreover, no statistical difference was observed for high-fat diet or capsinoids supplementation on blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile. In conclusion, these results suggest that capsinoids supplementation in obesity experimental model of Wistar rats, has limited effects to prevent weight and fat gain, as well as do not regulate metabolic profile.
EFFECT OF Jerusalem artichoke AND Tigernut AS SUGAR SOURCES ON PATHOGENIC and PROBIOTIC BACTERIA GROWTH IN SOME FUNCTIONAL FOOD (BIO - YOGHURT AND WHEAT DOUGH)

In recent time, there has been an increase interest to improve prebiotic material and probiotic bacteria mainly in food. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Jerusalem artichoke (JR) and Cyprus esculents (Tigernut or Chufa) (TN) as prebiotics source, to improve growth and survival of probiotic bacteria in yoghurt and as a preserved agent against the food borne bacteria in vitro. In addition, emphasis on improve nutritional value of dough using a new source of inulin by supplemented wheat flour with JR and TN. In vitro JR and TN were used as prebiotic for evaluation their effect as growth promoters for prebiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus curvatus and Bacillus subtilis) and evaluated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at different concentrations (5.0 and 10.0%). The results revealed that JR and TN contained of a sufficient amount of macronutrients carbohydrate, fiber and valuable amino acids. Sugar profile of these plants showed that, inulin was the most abundant polysaccharides in JR while TN was abundant in fructose. These polysaccharides (inulin and fructose) as considered as bioactive ingredients and prebiotic compounds. In addition, 10 % supplementation level of JR or TN resulted in greater growth rates of prebiotic bacteria, as well as showed stronger antimicrobial activity. Therefore, these results could suggest a preferential utilization of JR and TN in the people diet for improving the nutritional value and provide health benefits as functional foods, as well as considered economic and natural antimicrobial agent in food preservation.
Localised population collapse of the invasive brown alga, Undaria pinnatifida: Twenty years of monitoring on Wellington's south coast

Invasive species pose a significant threat to marine environments around the world. Monitoring and research of invasive species is needed to provide direction for management programmes. This thesis is a continuation of research conducted on the invasive alga Undaria pinnatifida following its discovery on Wellington’s south coast in 1997. By compiling the results from previous monitoring surveys (1997-2000 and 2008) and carrying out additional seasonal surveys in 2018, I investigate the distribution and spread of U. pinnatifida on Wellington’s south coast, how this may have changed over time and what impacts it may have had on native macroalgal and invertebrate grazer communities. Intertidal macroalgal composition and U. pinnatifida abundance was recorded on fifteen occasions between 1997 and 2018 at two sites at Island Bay and two sites at Owhiro Bay. In addition, the subtidal abundance of six invertebrate grazers was recorded eight times within the same sampling period. Microtopography was also measured at each site to determine if topography had an influence on macroalgal composition. From 1997 to 2000 U. pinnatifida abundance gradually increased per year, but its spread remained localised to Island Bay. In 2008 U. pinnatifida had spread westward to Owhiro Bay where it was highly abundant. However, in 2018 no U. pinnatifida was recorded at any of the sites indicating a collapse of the invasion front. Further investigation revealed that U. pinnatifida was still present along the south coast with the nearest population only 500 m away from the nearest study site. The cause of the U. pinnatifida collapse is not known for certain, but it is unlikely that biotic resistance in the form of competitive exclusion or grazing or a change in environmental parameters such as temperature or nutrient concentration were contributing factors. It is speculated that the collapse arose from a multitude of confounding effects of which further research is needed to identify the exact cause. U. pinnatifida had no impact on macroalgal or grazer community composition. Additionally, microtopography also had no significant impact on macroalgal composition. This study reports the first ever invasion front collapse of U. pinnatifida in the world, and as a result, provides a new insight on U. pinnatifida distribution and invasion ecology. These findings can assist in predicting the future spread of U. pinnatifida populations as well as aid in formulation of new management strategies.
Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of resistance bacteria isolated from the blood of Hepatitis C Virus positive individuals

Hepatitis C is an inflammatory process in the liver which is characterized by diffuse hepatocellular necrosis. In addition to viral, bacterial and fungal agents, hepatitis can also be caused by drugs, chemicals and toxins.1 Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.2 During the initial infection people often show mild or no symptoms. Occasionally a fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin occur. The virus persists in the liver in about 75% to 85% of those initially infected. Early chronic infection typically has no symptoms. Over many years however, it often leads to liver disease and occasionally cirrhosis.3 In some cases, those with cirrhosis will develop complications such as liver failure, liver cancer, or esophageal and gastric varices.2 HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, needle stick injuries in healthcare, and transfusions.3,4 With blood screening for HCV, the risk from a transfusion is less than one per two million.3 It can also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth.3 It is not spread by superficial contact.5 It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.6 Diagnosis is by blood test to check for either antibodies to the virus or its RNA. Test is recommended for all people who are at risk.3
Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of 2-chloropyridine using Allium cepa ana-telophase and comet test

2-Kloropiridin (2-KP) kozmetiklerin, bocek ilaclarinin ve diger farmasotik urunlerin onemli bir oncusudur ve ayni zamanda endustriyel atik sulardaki tarimsal kimyasal urunlerin ve nehir kirleticilerin metabolitlerinin urunleri olarak iz kimyasal olarak da tanimlanmaktadir. Bu calismada, Allium cepa kok hucrelerinde 2-KP'nin mitotik indeks (MI), mitotik faz frekanslari, kromozom sapmalari (KA) ve DNA hasari uzerine etkileri Allium ana-telofaz ve komet testi ile arastirilmistir. A. cepa koklerine 0.5xEC 50 (25 ppm), EC 50 (50 ppm) ve 2xEC 50 (100 ppm) 2-KP, Metil metansulfonat (MMS-10 ppm, pozitif kontrol) ve distile su (negatif kontrol) konsantrasyonlari A. cepa koklerine 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat boyunca uygulandi. 2-KP, kok buyumesini ve MI'yi azaltarak sitotoksik bir etki gostermisken KA'lari (bozulmus ana-telofaz, kromozom kalginlari, yapiskanlik, kopru ve poliploidi) ve DNA hasarini onemli seviyelerde arttirarak genotoksik etki gosterdi. Sivi kromatografi tandem kutle spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) ile 2-KP miktarinin hem sure hem de doza bagli istatistiksel olarak arttigi gosterilmistir. 2-KP dikkatli kullanilmali ve sito-genotoksik etkilerini diger toksikoloji test sistemleri ile arastirmalidir.