Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cytotoxic Effects of Geranylgeranylacetone Are Attenuated in the High-Glucose Condition

Abstract Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) has been used as an antiulcer drug and also is known as inducer of heat shock protein 70 that has cytoprotective effects especially in hyperglycemic condition. In contrast, cytotoxicity of GGA has also been reported. Some studies have reported that GGA suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis in cell models of human leukemia, ovarian carcinoma, and colon cancer in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether GGA can have a cytotoxic effect on a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), and human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK) in normal-glucose and high-glucose environments (NG and HG, respectively). The results showed that 100 μM GGA inhibited proliferation of HeLa cells only in NG environment despite inhibiting proliferation of Caco-2 and HEK cells regardless of glucose concentration. Cell viability assay revealed that GGA decreased viability of HeLa, Caco-2, and HEK cells only in NG environment. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the type of cell death was a combination of necrosis and apoptosis. Our study revealed that difference in cytotoxicity of GGA is influenced by glucose condition. The cytotoxic effects of GGA are attenuated in the HG condition. Since both cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects are reported about GGA, further research is needed about the mechanism of the cytotoxic effects.
Cancer patients with neutropenic septic shock: etiology and antimicrobial resistance

Background/Aims Among patients with febrile neutropenia that developed after chemotherapy, high-risk patients, such as those having clinical instability or Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer score of < 21, require hospitalization for intravenous empiric antibiotic therapy. Monotherapy with an anti-pseudomonal ß-lactam agent is recommended. Although many studies reported the microbial etiology of infections and resistant patterns of febrile neutropenia, the patients were not well characterized as having neutropenic septic shock. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the microbial spectrum of infections and resistance patterns of their isolates in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic septic shock. Methods Data of adult patients diagnosed with neutropenic septic shock in the emergency department between June 2012 and December 2016 were extracted from a prospectively compiled septic shock registry at a single academic medical center. Thereafter, microbiological studies and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted. Results In total, 109 bacteria were found in patients with neutropenic septic shock. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causative organisms (84, 77.1%). Moreover, 33 microorganisms (30.3%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria with extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (17, 50%) being the commonest. The most commonly affected sites in patients with MDR bacterial infections were the gastrointestinal tract (45%) and unknown (43.5%). Approximately 48.5% of MDR bacteria were resistant to cefepime but not to piperacillin- tazobactam or carbapenem. Conclusions MDR bacteria were prevalent in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic septic shock. Therefore, piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenem may be considered as empiric antibiotics if MDR bacteria are suspected to be causative agents.
A social media intervention to improve nutrition knowledge and behaviors of low income, pregnant adolescents and adult women

Pregnant adolescents are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to adult women, necessitating a need for early and comprehensive health care. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a social media intervention (i.e. weekly prenatal health messages) on improving diet quality, and health beliefs and knowledge. Participants (10 adolescents and 12 adults) completed pre-post intervention interviews, nutrition knowledge and health belief questionnaires, and 24-hour diet recalls. Participants entering pregnancy as overweight or obese were more likely to experience excessive GWG during the intervention. The adults had greater participation during the study despite high levels of social media access among both groups. Participants were able to identify sugar-sweetened foods and acknowledged the benefits of whole grains; however, overall knowledge of MyPlate Guidelines was limited. Social media-based education was well received by participants but did not result in large changes in dietary intake and knowledge. Although larger studies are needed, social media appears to have the potential to reach high-risk women.
Functional Coiled-Coil like Assembly by Knob-into-Hole Packing of Single Heptad Repeat.

Coiled-coil peptides represent the principal building-blocks for structure-based design of bionanomaterials. The sequence-structure relationship and precise nanoscale ordering of the coiled-coil helices originate from the knob-into-hole (KIH) packing of side-chains. The helical interface stabilized by KIH interaction is known to have chain lengths ranging from 30 to 1000 residues. Yet, the shortest peptide required for oligomerization through KIH assembly is still unknown. Here, we report in atomic resolution that a minimal seven-residue amphipathic helix forms a different type of KIH motif, termed "supramolecular KIH packing", which confers an exceptional stability to the helical dimers. Significantly, at a low pH, the peptide self-assembles into nanofibers with coiled-coil architecture resembling the natural fibrous proteins. Furthermore, hierarchical ordering of the nanofibers affords lyotropic liquid crystals composed of shortest natural helical sequence. Thus, this study expands the sequence space for coiled-coil folding manifold and provides another paradigm for designer nanomaterials from minimal helical sequences.
Nurses’ perspectives on their communication with patients in busy oncology wards: A qualitative study

Background Despite an increase in emphasis on psychosocial care in cancer nursing, time constraints and nurses’ lack of knowledge in skilled communication continue to be challenges. Aims To examine how cancer care nurses view their communication with patients and how they deal with the psychosocial needs of patients in busy wards. Design A qualitative interview study. Methods Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with eleven hospital-based cancer nurses in Hong Kong from July 2, 2017 to January 2, 2018. Results A qualitative thematic analysis of the data identified three themes: 1. Intentional and unintentional psychosocial care that is secondary in focus; 2. Managing an emotionally challenged environment; 3. Mentoring and learning. Conclusion Oncology settings are time-constrained, emotionally charged environments for nurses, and providing psychosocial care for patients is a secondary concern. While proactive strategies can be used to avert patient complaints, being open and attending to the individual needs of patients is equally important to avoid blocking in nurse-patient communication. Despite emotional entanglement and tensions, the positive follow-up strategies used by nurses to manage the patients’ emotions and provide psychosocial care reflect good practices. Leadership and support are needed to deal with the nurses’ perception that their communication training has been ineffective and their ability to manage strong emotions deficient. Communication skills, honed by making continuous opportunities to communicate available, as well as an understanding of emotional labour, need to be integrated with mindfulness in the nurses’ care of themselves and their patients. Notwithstanding the importance of experience in oncology care for junior nurses, it is necessary for both junior and senior nurses to learn about and reflect upon the different forms of emotional labour if value-based care is to be provided. In addition, it is essential for junior nurses to receive continuous coaching and mentoring, and to engage in reflective learning from each clinical encounter with oncology patients.
Factors associated with unsuppressed viremia in women living with HIV on lifelong ART in the multi-country US-PEPFAR PROMOTE study: A cross-sectional analysis

Background Despite recent efforts to scale-up lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in sub-Saharan Africa, high rates of unsuppressed viremia persist among cART users, and many countries in the region fall short of the UNAIDS 2020 target to have 90% virally suppressed. We sought to determine the factors associated with unsuppressed viremia (defined for the purpose of this study as >200 copies/ml) among sub-Saharan African women on lifelong cART. Methods This cross-sectional analysis was based on baseline data of the PROMOTE longitudinal cohort study at 8 sites in Uganda, Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa. The study enrolled 1987 women living with HIV who initiated lifelong cART at least 1–5 years ago. Socio-demographic, clinical, and cART adherence data were collected. We used multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance to identify factors associated with unsuppressed viremia. Results At enrolment, 1947/1987 (98%) women reported taking cART. Of these, HIV-1 remained detectable in 293/1934 (15%), while 216/1934 (11.2%) were considered unsuppressed (>200 copies/ml). The following factors were associated with an increased risk of unsuppressed viremia: not having household electricity (adjusted prevalence risk ratio (aPRR) 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.36, p<0.001); not being married (aPRR 1.32, 95% CI 0.99–1.78, p = 0.061), self-reported missed cART doses (aPRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.24–2.13, p<0.001); recent hospitalization (aPRR 2.48, 95% CI 1.28–4.80, p = 0.007) and experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge in the last three months (aPRR 1.88; 95% CI 1.16–3.04, p = 0.010). Longer time on cART (aPRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64–0.88, p<0.001) and being older (aPRR 0.77, 95% CI 0.76–0.88, p<0.001) were associated with reduced risk of unsuppressed viremia. Conclusion Socioeconomic barriers such as poverty, and individual barriers like not being married, young age, and self-reported missed doses are key predictors of unsuppressed viremia. Targeted interventions are needed to improve cART adherence among women living with HIV with this risk factor profile.
Antithrombotic treatment for newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in relation to patient age: the GLORIA-AF registry programme.

AIMS To assess antithrombotic therapy choices in relation to patient age in a large, global registry on atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF) is an international programme involving patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 risk factors for stroke. We used Phase II data (from November 2011 through December 2014), which commenced immediately following first non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) approval in participating countries. Of 15 092 patients (mean age 70.5 ± 11.0 years), enrolled at 982 centres, 26.9% were aged <65 years, 33.9% 65-74, 30.5% 75-84, and 8.6% ≥85 years old. Oral anticoagulant (OAC) use was 73.5%, 81.4%, 83.3%, and 82.3% (overall NOACs use was 44.4%, 49.7%, 48.7%, and 45.6%) for those aged <65, 65-74, 75-84 and ≥85 years, respectively. Corresponding proportions for antiplatelet monotherapy and no treatment were: 16.2% and 10.2%; 11.2% and 7.3%; 10.0% and 6.5%; 10.5% and 7.0%, respectively. Of those aged 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years, respectively, 83.7, 86.8 and 85.4% received OAC unless bleeding risk was high (HAS-BLED ≥3), whereby 64.1%, 63.5%, and 64.5% were anticoagulated, and 31.1%, 30.3%, and 31.3% received antiplatelets only. Of patients ≥85 years, OAC use was 88.1% in Europe (NOAC 45.1%), 79.5% in North America (NOAC 44.8%), and 54.1% in Asia (NOAC 40.2%). CONCLUSION Despite geographic differences in OAC use, neither OAC nor NOAC uptake was lower for patients ≥85 years old compared with younger patients. Although the majority of patients was prescribed OAC at all ages, nearly one-third received antiplatelet monotherapy when bleeding risk was increased. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01468701.
Analgesic properties of a food grade lecithin delivery system of Zingiber officinale and Acmella oleracea standardized extracts in rats

Abstract This study investigated whether (i) the 5:1 combination of standardized extracts of Zingiber officinale and Acmella oleracea is endowed with analgesic effects and (ii) the phospholipid-based formulation of Zingiber officinale and Acmella oleracea extracts (ZAP) potentiated the analgesic effects of the plain extract combination (PEC). To this end, rats were exposed to acute pain (Tail Flick test) and chronic, inflammatory pain [Von Frey monofilament test and Randall–Selitto paw pressure test in rats treated intraplantarily with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)]. The plain combination of per se ineffective doses of the two extracts produced analgesic effects in healthy rats. ZAP was more potent and effective than the corresponding doses of PEC. ZAP also produced analgesic effects in CFA-treated rats. Studies are now warranted to assess whether the analgesic properties of ZAP may generalize to humans. Graphical Abstract
[Research progress on tranexamic acid in traumatic orthopedic surgery].

Objective To summarize the research progress on the application of tranexamic acid (TXA) in traumatic orthopedic surgery in recent years. Methods The domestic and foreign literature in recent years was reviewed, and the efficacy and safety of TXA in traumatic orthopedic surgeries with different regimen, dose and route of administration were comprehensively summarized and compared. Results The application of TXA in traumatic orthopedic surgeries increased gradually in recent years. Intravenous or topical administration of TXA efficaciously reduced blood loss and transfusion requirements during hip fracture surgery without significantly increasing the risk of thromboembolic events. However, the efficacy was not clear in other traumatic orthopedic surgeries such as pelvic and acetabular fractures. Conclusion More studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of TXA in traumatic orthopedic surgeries.
A novel analytical method to assess the effect of imipenem/cilastatin on liver function laboratory indexes in Chinese underage inpatients: Probability distribution curve

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to establish a novel method to assess the effect of imipenem/cilastatin (IMP) on liver function laboratory indexes in Chinese underage inpatients (inpatients aged <18 year-old). Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 188 underage inpatients who received IMP in Xiangya Hospital from January 2016 to April 2018. Demographic data and clinical information of these inpatients were collected. As there was no reference interval of minors, the occurrence of abnormal liver function was estimated by that of adults, temporarily. A new concept (mean-variance induced by drug, MVID) was introduced to analyze the characteristics of total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Effect of MVID of TBil, DBil, ALT and AST in different patients (aged<1 year old and aged ≥ 1 year old) were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results Estimating by reference intervals of adults, 57.4% underage inpatients (108/188) had abnormal liver function. According to the probability distribution curve of MVID, IMP can cause the increase of AST in 24% (0.62–0.38) Chinese underage inpatients, and the increase of ALT in 20% (0.60–0.40) Chinese underage inpatients. And liver protecting drugs can decrease MVID of ALT and AST. There were not statistically significant differences in MVID of TBil, DBil, ALT and AST in different patients (aged<1 year old and aged ≥ 1 year old); P value was 0.711, 0.734, 0.067 and 0.086, respectively. Conclusion IMP can affect the liver function of 20–24% Chinese underage inpatients mainly by increasing the AST and ALT. IMP may induce hepatocellular injury, but not cholestasis. And liver protecting drugs can reverse the side effects caused by IMP. Age may not affect the effect of IMP on liver function.
What have we learned in interventional pulmonology in the past decade?

Background/aim The increasing number of lung diseases and particularly pulmonary malignancies has intensified the need for diverse interventions in the field of interventional pulmonology. In recent years we have seen many new developments and expanding applications in the field of interventional pulmonology. This has resulted in an increased number and variety of performed procedures and differing approaches. The purpose of the present study is to provide information on patient characteristics, range of interventions, complication rates, and the evolving approach of an experienced center for interventional pulmonology. Materials and methods We retrospectively examined the records of 1307 patients who underwent a total of 2029 interventional procedures in our interventional pulmonology department between January 2008 and December 2017. Results About half of the interventional procedures (47.2%) were performed on patients with airway stenosis due to malignant disease. Among patients with benign airway stenosis, the most frequent reason for intervention was postintubation tracheal stenosis. The number of patients who developed complications was 81 (6.2%), and the most common complication was hemorrhage (n = 31, 2.99%); 94.9% (n = 1240) of interventional procedures were performed under general anesthesia, without complications or deaths associated with anesthesia. Only one death (0.076%) occurred in the perioperative period. A total of 18 patients (1.38%) died in the 30-day perioperative and postoperative period. None of the patients with benign airway stenosis died. Conclusion Interventional bronchoscopy is an invasive but considerably safe and efficient procedure for selected cases and effective treatment modality for airway obstructions, massive hemoptysis, and foreign body aspiration. Interventional pulmonology is a field of pulmonary medicine that needs effort to progress and provide an opportunity to witness relevant developments, and increase the number of competent physicians and centers.
Epidurinis skausmo malšinimas akušerijoje: gimdyvių savijauta, informacijos šaltiniai ir noras kito gimdymo metu keisti analgezijos būdą

Darbo tikslas. Issiaiskinti epidurinės nejautros įtaką moterų savijautai per gimdymą ir pirmosiomis dienomis po gimdymo, istirti, kiek moterų baimės jausmas ir informuotumas lemia jų pasirinkimą dėl skausmo malsinimo gimdymo metu. Įvertinti moterų atsiliepimus apie ligonine. Darbo metodika. Atlikta anketinė apklausa moterų, gimdžiusių 2013 12–2014 03 VULSK Akuserijos ir ginekologijos skyriuje. Apklausta 100 gimdyvių: 41 taikyta epidurinė nejautra (I grupė – tiriamoji), o 59 – intraveninis skausmo malsinimas fentaniliu (II grupė – kontrolinė). Atrinktos moterys, gimdžiusios be Cezario pjūvio operacijos, sutikusios dalyvauti tyrime. Surinkti duomenys: apie gimdyvių amžių; gyvenamąją vietą; gimdymų skaicių; baimės jausmo stiprumą pries gimdymą; moterų apsisprendimą dėl skausmo malsinimo, norą gauti epidurinį skausmo malsinimą; skausmo intensyvumą gimdymo metu; savijautą po gimdymo; nepageidaujamus poveikius; gimdymo skausmo malsinimo informacijos saltinius; norą keisti analgezijos būdą kito gimdymo metu; atsiliepimai apie gimdymo procesą ir skausmo malsinimą. Rezultatai. Respondencių amžius – 17–41 metai (vidurkis 29 ± 4,4). I grupės 37 (90,24 %) gimdyvės gyvena mieste, 4 (9,76 %) kaimo vietovėje, II – 30 (51 %) mieste, 29 (49 %) kaimo vietovėje. Pirmą kartą gimdancių moterų I grupėse buvo 56 %, II – 37,3 %, p = 0,049. Gauti statistiskai reiksmingi skirtumai tarp skausmo intensyvumo vidurkių I ir II grupėse – 6,71 ± 2,61 ir 8,83 ± 1,45 (p = 0,0001); savijautos po gimdymo I grupės moterų vidurkiai: 8,39 ± 1,99 balų, II – 7,05 ± 2,34 (p = 0,0001). Statistiskai reiksmingai skiriasi baimės jausmas pries gimdymą: I ir II grupių vidurkiai – 6,46 ± 3,87 ir 4,30 ± 3,75 (p = 0,0093). I grupėje 65,88 %, o II grupėje 67,81 % moterų nepasireis­kė nepageidaujamų poveikių. 60,8 % I grupės moterų buvo apsisprendusios rinktis epidurine nejautrą. Is II grupės 62,7 % nebuvo apsisprendu­sios. 90,24 % I grupėje domėjosi skausmo malsinimo būdais, II grupėje – 61,02 % moterų nesidomėjo. Pagrindinis informacijos saltinis – internetas (51,1 % I grupėje ir 22,04 % II grupėje). 35 (85,36 %) I grupės ir 37 (62,71 %) II grupės moterys kito gimdymo metu nekeistų skausmo malsinimo būdo (p = 0,0005). Isvados. Taikant epidurinį skausmo malsinimą gimdymo metu statistiskai reiksmingai sumažėja gimdymo skausmas, pagerėja moterų savijauta po gimdymo, palyginti su skausmo malsinimu fentaniliu. Nepageidaujamų poveikių pasireiskimo skirtumas statistiskai nereiksmingas. Epidurine nejautrą dažniau renkasi gimdymo skausmo labai bijancios, pirmą kartą gimdancios, mieste gyvenancios gimdyvės, jos dažniausiai ir buvo apsisprendusios dėl epidurinio skausmo malsinimo. Dauguma pasirinkusiųjų epidurine nejautrą apie skausmo malsinimą informacijos ieskojo internete ir analgezijos būdo nekeistų. Moterys, gimdžiusios su epidurine nejautra, yra labiau patenkintos gimdymu ir visu aptarnaujanciu personalu.
Comparative analysis of different nuclear transfer techniques to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA variants.

Prevention of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases may currently be possible using germline nuclear transfer (NT). However, scientific evidence to compare efficiency of different NT techniques to overcome mtDNA diseases is lacking. Here, we performed four types of NT, including first or second polar body transfer (PB1/2T), maternal spindle transfer (ST) and pronuclear transfer (PNT), using NZB/OlaHsd and B6D2F1 mouse models. Embryo development was assessed following NT and mtDNA carry-over levels were measured by next generation sequencing (NGS). Moreover, we explored two novel protocols (PB2T-a and PB2T-b) to optimize PB2T using mouse and human oocytes. Chromosomal profiles of NT-generated blastocysts were evaluated using NGS. In mouse, our findings reveal that only PB2T-b successfully leads to blastocysts. There were comparable blastocyst rates amongst PB1T, PB2T-b, ST and PNT embryos. Furthermore, PB1T and PB2T-b had lower mtDNA carry-over levels than ST and PNT. After extrapolation of novel PB2T-b to human in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes and in vivo matured oocytes with smooth endoplasmic reticulum aggregates (SERa) oocytes, the reconstituted embryos successfully developed to blastocysts at a comparable rate to ICSI controls. PB2T-b embryos generated from IVM oocytes showed a similar euploidy rate to ICSI controls. Nevertheless, our mouse model with non-mutated mtDNAs is different from a mixture of pathogenic and non-pathogenic mtDNAs in a human scenario. Novel PB2T-b requires further optimization to improve blastocyst rates in human. Although more work is required to elucidate efficiency and safety of NT, our study suggests that PBT may have the potential to prevent mtDNA disease transmission.