Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different yet complementary: Two approaches to supporting victims of sexual violence in the UK

This article explores the strengths and limitations of two different types of settings that provide specialist support to victims of sexual violence in the UK: Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) and voluntary sector organizations such as Rape Crisis. Qualitative data from six case study sites and quantitative data from 35 sexual violence projects in England and Wales revealed that the type of setting affected the types of referrals received and this, in turn, shaped the services required by victims and thus the nature of the work preformed. Consequently, each type of project had different emphases in their workload with which they were particularly well equipped to handle. Each type also had its own unique challenges; for example, while there were notable benefits from delivering support in partnership models, such as SARCs, their affiliation with statutory partners was perceived by some as a disadvantage, especially for those seeking support in relation to historical sexual abuse. On the other hand, those delivering support in voluntary sector projects had to work harder to establish and maintain relationships with other agencies, but their independence was seen to be greater and this was perceived as a strength for gaining access to victims and maintaining their confidence. Both approaches had notable benefits and, given the diverse array of sexual violence victims in any given area, providing these two different, yet complementary, approaches to supporting them is recommended.
LENDING TO THE POOR: THE WORLD BANK IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA SANGHAMITRA NATH

In India, the politics of development took the shape of the World Bank influenced housing policy for the urban poor. It was a recipient as well as an accomplice to the politics of development. Globalisation induced development brought opportunities and growth in metropolitan cities and towns, thereby, triggering large-scale urban migration. Since rapid urban migration surpassed rising demand for urban shelter, the government initially acted as the sole provider of subsidised housing for the urban poor. Due to multiple shortcomings, it withdrew from its role and became an enabler of World Bank’s housing policy for the urban poor. The World Bank’s attempt at urban development by lending to the urban poor for urban housing missed the point that the urban poor should be consulted for their views on their development. This paper uses a bottom-up approach to understand how the politics of development is countered by the subjects of development.
The Development of Effective English Teacher Improvement Program Based on a Case Study of English Teaching in Madrasah in Indonesia

Teachers play very important roles, yet not all teachers can teach well and hence it is important to develop a teacher improvement program. Therefore, this study observed teaching and learning process to understand current teacher instruction so that priorities could be easily set up. 11 English teachers participated in the study. The eight classroom factors of the dynamic model (Orientation, Structuring, Modeling, Application, Questioning, Assessment, Building Classroom as a Learning Environment, and Time Management) are used as the framework since they are theory-driven and have been empirically proven to lead to better student outcomes. The data on the teaching of reading were descriptively analyzed, the results of which show almost no teachers did orientation and structuring, which could serve as pre-reading activities. Modeling was not really provided and students were left not to have sufficient tasks, hence during reading activities were not well delivered. Questioning was practiced by teachers but was limited to “product” questions. Lastly, collaboration and competition among students were not really promoted. The findings of this study suggest that all eight factors should be trained to teachers. It is expected that when teachers practice those factors, student outcomes will be better.
Simulation of Turbulent Wake at Mixing of Two Confined Horizontal Flows

The development of a turbulent mixing layer at mixing of two horizontal water streams with slightly different densities is studied by the means of numerical simulation. The mixing of such flows can be modelled as the flow of two components, where the concentration of one component in the mixing region is described as a passive scalar. The velocity field remains common over the entire computational domain, where the density and viscosity difference due to the concentration mainly affects the turbulent fluctuations in the mixing region. The numerical simulations are performed with the open source code OpenFOAM using two different approaches for turbulence modelling, Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The simulation results are discussed and compared with the benchmark experiment obtained within the frame of OECD/NEA benchmark test. A good agreement with experimental results is obtained in the case of the single liquid experiment. A high discrepancy between the simulated and the experimental velocity fluctuations in the case of mixing of the flows with the slightly different densities and viscosities triggered a systematic investigation of the modelling approaches that helped us to find out and interpret the main reasons for the disagreement.
Where are the Binaries? Results of a Long-term Search for Radial Velocity Binaries in Proto-planetary Nebulae

We present the results of an expanded, long-term radial velocity search (25 years) for evidence of binarity in a sample of seven bright proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe). The goal is to investigate the widely held view that the bipolar or point-symmetric shapes of planetary nebulae (PNe) and PPNe are due to binary interactions. Observations from three observatories were combined from 2007 to 2015 to search for variations on the order of a few years and then combined with earlier observations from 1991 to 1995 to search for variations on the order of decades. All seven show velocity variations due to periodic pulsation in the range of 35–135 days. However, in only one PPN, IRAS 22272+5435, did we find even marginal evidence for multi-year variations that might be due to a binary companion. This object shows marginally significant evidence of a two-year period of low semi-amplitude, which could be due to a low-mass companion, and it also displays some evidence of a much longer period of >30 years. The absence of evidence in the other six objects for long-period radial velocity variations due to a binary companion sets significant constraints on the properties of any undetected binary companions: they must be of low mass, ≤0.2 M⊙, or long period, >30 years. Thus the present observations do not provide direct support for the binary hypothesis to explain the shapes of PNe and PPNe and severely constrains the properties of any such undetected companions.
On the higher rank numerical range of the shift

For any n-by-n complex matrix T and any $1\leqslant k\leqslant n$, let $\Lambda_{k}(T)$ the set of all $\lambda\in \C$ such that $PTP=\lambda P$ for some rank-k orthogonal projection $P$ be its higher rank-k numerical range. It is shown that if $\bbS$ is the n-dimensional shift on ${\C}^{n}$ then its rank-k numerical range is the circular disc centred in zero and with radius $\cos\dfrac{k\pi}{n+1}$ if $1<k\leqslant[\frac{n+1}{2}]$ and the empty set if $[\frac{n+1}{2}]<k\leqslant n$, where $[x] $ denote the integer part of $x$. This extends and rafines previous results of U. Haagerup, P. de la Harpe \cite{Haagerup} on the classical numerical range of the n-dimensional shift on${\C}^{n}$. An interesting result for higher rank-$k$ numerical range of nilpotent operator is also established.
Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity

Pettengill tests whether there is an excessive number of firms in a monopolistically competitive equilibrium by a device of considerable expository merit. He removes one firm, and redistributes the resources thus released equally over the remaining firms in the sector, to see if welfare can be improved. To do this correctly, we write n, for the equilibrium number of firms and xe for the output of each. With fixed cost a and constant average variable cost c, removing one firm releases (a + Cxe) of resources, and this enables the output of each of the remaining ( I) firms to be increased (a + c Xe )/(1fl 1)}. The quantity xo of the numeraire good is unaffected by this, and the utility function (equation (31) of our paper) is
Feeding Ecology of the Topmouth Gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) in the Gelingüllü Reservoir, Turkey

Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) is widely distributed in rivers and lakes of Turkey owing to accidental introductions. Turkey is rich in biodiversity of freshwater fish and has a high level of endemicity of native ichthyofauna, which is vulnerable to such introductions. The Gelingullu Reservoir located on the Kizilirmak drainage in Central Anatolia has rich ichthyofauna with native and introduced fish species, including endemic species. The contents of the foregut of P. parva samples collected between Summer 2003 and Summer 2005 were examined. Seasonal and ontogenetic changes in feeding intensity were determined. P. parva mainly feeds on zooplankton such as Cladocera, Copepoda, and Rotifera. Members of the Bacillariophyta and Cyanobacteria were identified in high proportions in the foregut contents of P. parva particularly during summer. The feeding traits of this invasive fish may have an influence on the establishment of a successful population in Gelingullu reservoir.
Spatial Mapping of Myeloid Cells and Macrophages by Multiplexed Tissue Staining

An array of phenotypically diverse myeloid cells and macrophages (MC&M) resides in the tumor microenvironment, requiring multiplexed detection systems for visualization. Here we report an automated, multiplexed staining approach, named PLEXODY, that consists of five MC&M-related fluorescently-tagged antibodies (anti - CD68, - CD163, - CD206, - CD11b, and - CD11c), and three chromogenic antibodies, reactive with high- and low-molecular weight cytokeratins and CD3, highlighting tumor regions, benign glands and T cells. The staining prototype and image analysis methods which include a pixel/area-based quantification were developed using tissues from inflamed colon and tonsil and revealed a unique tissue-specific composition of 14 MC&M-associated pixel classes. As a proof-of-principle, PLEXODY was applied to three cases of pancreatic, prostate and renal cancers. Across digital images from these cancer types we observed 10 MC&M-associated pixel classes at frequencies greater than 3%. Cases revealed higher frequencies of single positive compared to multi-color pixels and a high abundance of CD68+/CD163+ and CD68+/CD163+/CD206+ pixels. Significantly more CD68+ and CD163+ vs. CD11b+ and CD11c+ pixels were in direct contact with tumor cells and T cells. While the greatest percentage (~70%) of CD68+ and CD163+ pixels was 0–20 microns away from tumor and T cell borders, CD11b+ and CD11c+ pixels were detected up to 240 microns away from tumor/T cell masks. Together, these data demonstrate significant differences in densities and spatial organization of MC&M-associated pixel classes, but surprising similarities between the three cancer types.
Tree-Ring Based Drought Reconstruction (A.D. 1855–2001) for the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China

A juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom) tree-ring width chronology has been developed from the west-ernmost forest of the Qilian Mountains. Our analyses demonstrate both temperature and precipitation have significant effects on tree growth and that both should be considered in climate reconstruction. Thus a regional drought history (A.D. 1855–2001) is reconstructed by calibrating with a linear interpolation through four Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) grid values nearest the sampling site. Our reconstruction extends the drought history of this area and also reveals that the most severe drought occurred in the 1920s. In the context of the drought history of western China, this extreme drought between 1925–1931 is consistent over a large surrounding region of Northwestern China. Multi-taper spectral analysis reveals the existence of significant 40- to 46-year, 29-year, and 2.1- to 3-year periods of variability. Overall, our study provides reliable information for the research of past drought variability in the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China.
The BAHAMAS project: Calibrated hydrodynamical simulations for large-scale structure cosmology

The evolution of the large-scale distribution of matter is sensitive to a variety of fundamental parameters that characterise the dark matter, dark energy, and other aspects of our cosmological framework. Since the majority of the mass density is in the form of dark matter that cannot be directly observed, to do cosmology with large-scale structure one must use observable (baryonic) quantities that trace the underlying matter distribution in a (hopefully) predictable way. However, recent numerical studies have demonstrated that the mapping between observable and total mass, as well as the total mass itself, are sensitive to unresolved feedback processes associated with galaxy formation, motivating explicit calibration of the feedback efficiencies. Here we construct a new suite of large-volume cosmological hydrodynamical simulations (called BAHAMAS, for BAryons and HAloes of MAssive Systems) where subgrid models of stellar and Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback have been calibrated to reproduce the present-day galaxy stellar mass function and the hot gas mass fractions of groups and clusters in order to ensure the effects of feedback on the overall matter distribution are broadly correct. We show that the calibrated simulations reproduce an unprecedentedly wide range of properties of massive systems, including the various observed mappings between galaxies, hot gas, total mass, and black holes, and represent a significant advance in our ability to mitigate the primary systematic uncertainty in most present large-scale structure tests.
Pricing and Liquidity in the US Corporate Bond Market

I show, both theoretically and empirically, that if dealers are risk averse, then transaction prices, liquidity provision, and dealers’ inventory positions depend on their inventory holding costs in overthe-counter, search markets. I solve a dynamic equilibrium model, which can rationalize the following aggregate stylized facts in the US corporate bond market: (i) a reduction in dealers’ inventories in the nancial
The impacts of managerial and institutional ownership on firm performance: The role of stock price informativeness and corporate governance

This paper provides new evidence on the relations between managerial and institutional ownerships and firm performance. These relations are found to be affected by firm’s stock price informativeness and corporate governance. Based on a sample of US firms from NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ between 1989 and 2006, we document three important findings. First, managerial ownership and firm future performance are non-linearly related; the positive relation is stronger for firms with less informative prices or more agency problems. This finding suggests that poor governance and uninformative price increase the importance of managerial value creation for their firms by improving internal governance. Second, institutional ownership has a significant positive impact on firm future performance, with larger impact for firms with less informative prices or good governance. However, institutional ownership, which reflects external monitoring, has a weaker positive effect compared to managerial ownership, which controls for internal governance. Third, the interaction between managerial ownership and institutional ownership has a significant positive impact on firm future performance, suggesting that there are synergistic effects of internal and external corporate governance mechanisms in improving firm value.
Corporate Governance, Firm Size, and Earning Management: Evidence in Indonesia Stock Exchange

Purpose -Thepurpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the corporate governance regulationsimplementation and firm size onthe earning management for food and beverages companies in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach -The multiple regression is utilized to test this relationship at 95% confidence.Corporate governance was proxied by board of director, audit quality, and board independence. Firm size was represented by natural logarithm of total assets. Earning management was measured by Jones model withdiscretionary accruals. Findings - Using data from the year 2005 annual reports of 51 food and beverages listed companies,including the composite index, the results showed that twoof the corporate governance variables, namely board of director and audit quality, as well as firm size are statistically significant in explaining earning management measured bydiscretionary accruals. Research limitations/implications - The regulations on corporate governance were implementedin 2005, but not all of food and beverages listed companies implemented the regulations in 2005. Practical implications - An implication of this finding is that regulatory efforts initiated after the1997 financial crisis to enhance corporate transparency and accountability did not appear to result on better corporate performance.
Development and characterization of a large set of microsatellite markers for grape phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch)

This study describes novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers from a genomic DNA sequence of the grape phylloxera. A total of 130 SSR primers were designed from 145 unique sequences with di, tri, tetra and penta simple sequence repeats. The SSR primers were tested on DNA from 10 grape phylloxera strains chosen for their behavioral and geographic diversity. Eightynine primers generated easy to score alleles with standardized conditions of amplification. Twenty-eight new and four previously published markers were selected to genotype 32 root and leaf phylloxera samples in order to identify reliable markers for future genetic diversity and phylloxera population studies. SSR data from these samples was also used to determine the frequency of null alleles, and locus specific estimates of population differentiation and clustering. Up to six alleles were detected with a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.51. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.73 and the majority of markers had higher Ho values. Null allees for four markers were considered to be the result of homozygous genotypes. The 89 SSR loci developed in this study represent a new and informative set of markers that are easy to combine for multi-loading and suitable for large-scale genetic analyses of population structure, genetic diversity, and the origin of host specific strains in grape phylloxera.
Different Task Complexity Factors and Cognitive Individual Differences: The Effects on EFL Writers’ Performance

This study aimed at examining the main and interaction effects of increased intentional reasoning demands, planning time, and also language learning aptitude on syntactic complexity, accuracy, lexical complexity, and fluency (CALF) of 226 EFL learners’ performance on letter writing tasks. The participants were first randomly assigned to three experimental groups to be given a task with differing degrees of reasoning demand (low, medium, and high) to each group. Then, within each reasoning group, we reassigned an equal number of high- and low- aptitude learners to Planning and No-planning groups by random stratified sampling. The results revealed that (a) increasing task complexity with regard to the amount of intentional reasoning demands resulted in greater lexical and syntactic complexity and less fluency while no significant effect was observed on accuracy; (b) increasing task complexity through planning time led to significantly lower syntactic complexity and fluency; (c) reasoning demands and planning time had a significant interaction effect on accuracy; and (d) the interaction effect of language aptitude was significant with neither planning nor reasoning factor, but a three-way interaction effect was found on accuracy. The findings are discussed in relation to cognitive task complexity (CTC) models which were the main impetus for this study.
Nitrate-nitrogen effects on benthic invertebrate communities in streams of the Canterbury Plains

XI Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Nitrate-­‐nitrogen issue on the Canterbury Plains 2 Transport mechanisms and stress pathways on aquatic life 4 Relationship between nitrate-­‐nitrogen and aquatic structure and function 6 Thesis structure and aims 9 Chapter 2: Effects of nitrate-­‐nitrogen on benthic invertebrate biotic metrics 10
Simulation of Small Head-Movements on a Virtual Audio Display Using Headphone Playback and HRTF Synthesis

Correct determination of sound source location often fails during headphone playback in virtual simulation. Among other cues, small movements of the head are considered to be important in free-field listening to avoid in-the-head localization and/or front-back reversals. Up-to-date virtual reality simulators are able to locate the head's actual position, and through proper feedback, real-time update of the actual HRTFs can be realized for a better spatial simulation. This study uses the BEACHTRON sound card and its HRTFs for simulating small head-movements by randomly moving the simulated sound source to emulate head movements. This method does not need any additional equipment or feedback. Results of a listening test with 50 subjects demonstrate the applicability of this procedure focusing on resolving in-the-head localization and front-back reversals. The investigation was made on the basis of the former GUIB (Graphical User Interface for Blind persons) project.
Adjustment in the Euro Area and Regulation of Product and Labour Markets: An Empirical Assessment

This paper analyses the adjustment mechanism in the euro area. Results show that the real exchange rate (REER) adjusts in such a way to redress cyclical divergences and that after monetary unification REER dynamics have become less reactive to country-specific shocks but also less persistent. It is found that regulations, notably affecting price and wage nominal flexibility and employment protection, play a role in the adjustment mechanism. Indicators of product and labour regulations appear to matter for both the reaction of price competitiveness to cyclical divergences (differences between national and euro-area output gaps) and for the inertia of competitiveness indicators. Moreover, regulations appear to matter also for the extent to which common shocks may have country-specific effects on price competitiveness, as revealed by their interaction with proxies of unobservable common shocks a-la Blanchard and Wolfers (2000). In light of the tendency towards less stringent regulations in past decades, the results seem consistent with the observed reduction in the persistence of inflation differentials, and have implications for the design of adjustment-friendly product and labour market reforms.