Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Syddansk Universitet Failure to define low back pain as a disease or an episode renders research on causality unsuitable Results of a systematic review

Background: Causative factors may be different for the very first onset of symptoms of the ‘disease’ of low back pain (LBP) than for ensuing episodes that occur after a pain-free period. This differentiation hinges on a life-time absence of low back pain at first onset and short-term absence for further episodes. In this systematic review, we explored whether researchers make these distinctions when investigating the causality of LBP. Methods: A literature search of PUBMED, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases was performed from January 2010 until September 2016 using the search terms ‘low back pain’ or ‘back pain’ and ‘risk factor’ or ‘caus*’ or ‘predict*’ or ‘onset’ or ‘first-time’ or ‘inception’ or ‘incidence’. Two reviewers extracted information on study design, types of episodes of back pain to distinguish the disease of LBP and recurring episodes, and also to determine the definitions of diseaseor pain-free periods. Results: Thirty-three articles purporting to study causes of LBP were included. Upon scrutiny, 31 of the 33 articles were unclear as to what type of causality they were studying, that of the ‘disease’ or the episode, or a mere association with LBP. Only 9 studies used a prospective study design. Five studies appeared to investigate the onset of the disease of LBP, however, only one study truly captured the first incidence of LBP, which was the result of sports injury. Six appeared to study episodes but only one clearly related to the concept of episodes. Therefore, among those 11 studies, nine included both first-time LBP and episodes of LBP. Consequently, 22 studies related to the prevalence of LBP, as they probably included a mixture of first-time, recurring and ongoing episodes without distinction. Conclusion: Recent literature concerning the causality of LBP does not differentiate between the ‘disease’ of LBP and its recurring episodes mainly due to a lack of a clear definition of absence of LBP at baseline. Therefore, current research is not capable of providing a valid answer on this topic.
Predicting adolescent intentions to use sun protection: extending the theory of planned behaviour

2 Introduction . 2 Overview of Skin Cancer . 4 Prevalence . 4 Ultraviolet Radiation . 5 Implications of Early Life Sun Exposure . 6 Contribution of Adolescent Behaviour to the Risk of Developing Skin Cancer . 6 Theory of Planned Behaviour . 8 Predictors of Adolescent Sun-Related Behaviour . 11 Skin Type . 11 Perceptions ofTa1med Skin . : . 12 Age of Adolescent . 14 Descriptive N 01ms . 15 Unrealistic Optimism . 17 Implications of Review Findings . 20 Directions for Future Research . 21 Summary . 22 References . 23 Guidelines for Contributions by Authors . 32 Research Report . 36 Abstract . 3 7. 3 7 Introduction . , . 3 8 Method . 46 Participants . 46
High-resolution analyses of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City storm. Part III: An ultra-high resolution forecast experiment

Part III in this series of papers discussing the F4 tornadic supercell of 8 May 2003 uses Doppler radar observations of reflectivity and radial velocity to initialize a high-resolution numerical cloud simulation of the storm. The unique aspect of this work is that for the first time a large-eddy-type simulation of a severe storm will be initialized from an analysis generated by the convective-scale ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation analysis presented in Part II by Dowell et al. (2004, SLS preprint paper 12.5, hereafter known as DWS04). The grid mesh parameters are somewhat coarser than those used in Wicker et al. (2002), i.e., these simulations use grid resolutions on the order of 100-200 m, which still should resolve a large portion of the turbulent eddy structures within the storm. By employing such a fine grid mesh it is hoped that the error associated with parameterization of turbulent eddies is minimized. High resolution is also required to capture the gross features of any tornado-like vortex that might form in the simulation.
597-603-Jianfeng Li

The present study investigated whether peroxynitrite (ONOO)-elicited cytotoxicity on human brain vessel smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs) was related to alteration in programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) gene expression. Cell viability, morphological changes and apoptosis were determined by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay, acridine orange staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Expressions of PDCD4 at both mRNA and protein levels were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Protein expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western an increased apoptotic rate of HBVSMCs after treatment with ONOO. ONOO was able to upregulate mRNA and protein expressions of the PDCD4 gene. Moreover, protein expressions of caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was markedly decreased in response to exposure of ONOO. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the PDCD4 gene is involved in ONOOinduced apoptosis in HBVSMCs.
Different Levels of Essential Oils of Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium ) and Cumin ( Cuminum cyminum ) on Growth Performance

The use of antibiotics in food animals selects for bacteria resistant to antibiotics used in humans, and these might spread via the food to humans and cause human infection, hence the banning of antibiotic growth-promoters. The actual danger seems small and there might be disadvantages to human and to animal health. Although some antibiotics are used both in animals and humans, most of the resistance problem in humans has arisen from human use (Phillips et al. 2004), because of this medicinal plant extracts are becoming more popular. They act as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antifungal, analgesic, insecticidal, anticoccidial and growth promoters. These plant extracts compete with the synthetic drugs. Majority of medicinal plants do not have the residual effects (Tipu et al. 2006). Use of various dietary herbs, plant extracts, especially essential oils (Eos), have been studied for their antimicrobial and growth promoter abilities (Cross et al. 2007; Ocak et al. 2008; Bampidis et al. 2005; Griggs and Jacob, 2005). EOs are volatile, aromatic compounds synthesised by plants for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral purposes and to deter herbivorous insects and animals (Tiihonen et al. 2010). Artemisia absinthium is an aromatic plant of the This experiment had been done to evaluate the effects of different levels of essential oils (EOs) of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune system in broiler chicks. Three hundred ninety two Ross 308 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design were divided into 7 experimental treatments. The experimental treatments were included a corn-soybean based diet as control and groups of containing 100, 200 and 300 ppm of wormwood and cumin EOs. Results showed that cumin and wormwood EOs supplementation to the diets had no significant effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics (P>0.05) of broiler chicks. EOs infusions significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative weight of immune organ such as bursa of fabricius, However there was not significant difference between treatments in the relative weight of spleen (P>0.05). Antibody titre against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), after 7 days injection, significantly increased by addition 200 ppm wormwood EOs and 200 and 300 ppm cumin EOs (P<0.05). In 14 days after SRBC injection, except treatment containing 100 ppm, all supplemented groups increased antibody titre compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that inclusion wormwood and cumin EOs to the diets, tended to increase growth performance and improve immune system of broiler chickens.
NESTING BIOLOGY OF THREE GRASSLAND PASSERINES IN THE NORTHERN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Abstract Basic nesting information on grassland passerines is needed for improving grassland bird management. Among the information needs are (1) the suitability of nesting habitat, (2) periods during the breeding season in which birds are most vulnerable to disturbances, and (3) how to fit grasslands into a prioritization scheme for conservation. Comparisons of nesting parameters among grassland species will help identify important management considerations. We describe and compare nest-site characteristics, nesting phenology, clutch size, hatching and fledging success, and brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) for three grassland passerine species nesting in tallgrass prairie of northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota. During 1998–2002, we found 793 Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida), 687 Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and 315 Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) nests. These species differed in many aspects of their breeding ecology. Clay-colored and Savannah sparrows initiated their nests almost 2 weeks earlier than Bobolinks, with peak nesting occurring in June. Clutch size was lower (3.77 ± 0.03 SE) for Clay-colored Sparrows than Savannah Sparrows (4.13 ± 0.05) and Bobolinks (5.25 ± 0.08). The number of host eggs hatched per nest was higher in Bobolinks (3.46 ± 0.20) than in Clay-colored Sparrows (2.52 ± 0.09) and Savannah Sparrows (2.41 ± 0.11), but the number of young fledged per Bobolink nest (1.97) was similar to that of Savannah Sparrows (2.01). Clay-colored Sparrows fledged only 1.35 host young per nest. Mayfield nest success was higher for Savannah Sparrows (31.4%) than for Clay-colored Sparrows (27.4%) or Bobolinks (20.7%). The main cause of nest failure was nest predation: predation in Clay-colored Sparrows (47.9%) was higher than in Savannah Sparrows (33.5%) but similar to Bobolinks (41.8%). Brood parasitism was lower in Clay-colored Sparrows (5.1%) than in Bobolinks (10.8%), and intermediate (6.7%) in Savannah Sparrows. Compared with most other studies, grassland bird nests in our study area were more successful and less frequently parasitized; thus, northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota appear to provide important breeding habitat for grassland birds.
Random matrix theory of multi-antenna communications: the Ricean channel

The use of multi-antenna arrays in wireless communications through disordered media promises huge increases in the information transmission rate. It is therefore important to analyse the information capacity of such systems in realistic situations of microwave transmission, where the statistics of the transmission amplitudes (channel) may be coloured. Here, we present an approach that provides analytic expressions for the statistics, i.e. the moments of the distribution, of the mutual information for general Gaussian channel statistics. The mathematical method applies tools developed originally in the context of coherent wave propagation in disordered media, such as random matrix theory and replicas. Although it is valid formally for large antenna numbers, this approach produces extremely accurate results even for arrays with as few as two antennas. We also develop a method to analytically optimize over the input signal distribution, which enables us to calculate analytic capacities when the transmitter has knowledge of the statistics of the channel. The emphasis of this paper is on elucidating the novel mathematical methods used. We do this by analysing a specific case when the channel matrix is a complex Gaussian with arbitrary mean and unit covariance, which is usually called the Ricean channel.
1 CONTROLS ON THE EXPLOSIVITY OF SCORIA CONE ERUPTIONS : 1 MAGMA SEGREGATION AT CONDUIT JUNCTIONS 2

Violent strombolian (transitional) eruptions are common in mafic arc settings and are characterized by simultaneous explosive activity from scoria cone vents and lava effusion from lateral vents. This dual activity requires magma from the feeder conduit to split into vertical and lateral branches somewhere near the base of the scoria cone. Additionally, if the flow is separated, gas and liquid (+ crystals) components of the magma may be partitioned unevenly between the two branches. Because flow separation requires bubbles to move independently of the liquid over time scales of magma ascent separation is promoted by low magma viscosities and by high magma H2O content (i.e. sufficiently deep bubble nucleation to allow organization of the gas and liquid phases during magma ascent). Numerical modeling shows that magma and gas distribution between vertical and horizontal branches of a T-junction is controlled by the mass flow rate and the geometry of the system, as well as by magma viscosity. Specifically, we find that mass eruption rates (MERs) between 103 and 105 kg/s allow the gas phase to concentrate within the central [. ] PIOLI, Laura, AZZOPARDI, B. J., CASHMAN, K. V. Controls on the explosivity of scoria cone eruptions: Magma segregation at conduit junctions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2009, vol. 186, p. 407-415 DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores. 2009.07. 014
Cite as follows: Rupčić, Nataša; Švegar, Domagoj (2018): Determinants of conflict management behavior: Does the choice of major and study progress play a role?, In: International Management

The main goal of this study was to examine the differences in employing conflict management strategies with regard to the study program and the study progress. In total, 437 students from two faculties from the University of Rijeka, Croatia participated in the research. Dutch Test for Conflict Handling (DUTCH) was used to measure students’ conflict management preferences. The results showed that students of both majors used strategies of compromising and problem solving the most. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the main effect of the study program on the students’ preferences for compromising. It was found that the students of psychology reported using compromising more often than the students of economics and business. The interaction of the study program and the study progress on compromising was also significant. It was found that the seniors of psychology preferred compromising significantly more than the seniors of economics and business. Another ANOVA showed that the main effects of the study program and the study progress on forcing were significant with no interaction: preferences for forcing were higher among senior students than among freshmen as well as among the students of economics and business than among the students of psychology. The results provide guidelines for the future design of study programs relative to the needs of the labor market and social needs for integrative solutions and inclusiveness. Despite the validity of our findings, the results cannot serve as an accurate predictor of the student behavior in the workplace. It is possible that college students would use a combination of conflict management strategies once they enter the workforce. In addition, our results are based on self-report data. That is why we suggest that future studies include experimental design as a more accurate way of data collection.
Thévenin Equivalent Determination Considering System Side Changes and Measurement

This paper presents a new method for online determination of the Thèvenin equivalent parameters of a power system at a given node using the local PMU measurements at that node. The method takes into account the measurement errors and the changes in the system side. An analysis of the effects of changes in system side is carried out on a simple two-bus system to gain an insight of the effect of system side changes on the estimated Thévenin equivalent parameters. The proposed method uses voltage and current magnitudes as well as active and reactive powers; thus avoiding the effect of phase angle drift of the PMU and the need to synchronize measurements at different instances to the same reference. Applying the method to the IEEE 30-bus test system has shown its ability to correctly determine the Thévenin equivalent even in the presence of measurement errors and/or system side changes.
Control of uncertain nonlinear systems with arbitrary relative degree and unknown control direction using sliding modes

The control of uncertain nonlinear systems by output feedback is addressed. A model‐reference tracking sliding mode controller is designed for uncertain plants with arbitrary relative degree. Nonlinearities of a given class are incorporated as state dependent and possibly unmatched disturbances of a linear plant. Such class encompasses nonlinear systems which are triangular in the unmeasured states. In contrast with previous works, exact tracking is achieved by means of a switching strategy based on a locally exact differentiator, and a monitoring function is used to cope with the lack of knowledge of the control direction. Global or semi‐global stability properties of the closed‐loop system are proved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of dynamic wetting in reverse‐roll coating

The movement of the dynamic wetting line in reverse-roll coating was followed in a series of experiments that gave position, XD, angle, θD and the critical metering roller speed, VM, cascade, for the onset of cascade. The data were correlated with operating conditions and compared with plunging-tape air-entrainment speeds, V*plunging. It was found that there was hydrodynamic assistance of wetting similar in form but smaller in magnitude to that reported in curtain coating. The correlated data for XD and θD also provide boundary conditions, which can replace the assumptions usually made in the simulations of reverse-roll coating flows.
A frictional population model of seismicity rate change

[1] We study models of seismicity rate changes caused by the application of a static stress perturbation to a population of faults and discuss our results with respect to the model proposed by Dieterich (1994). These models assume a distribution of nucleation sites (e.g., faults) obeying rate-state frictional relations that fail at constant rate under tectonic loading alone, and predicts a positive static stress step at time t0 will cause an immediate increased seismicity rate that decays according to Omori's law. We show one way in which the Dieterich model may be constructed from simple general ideas, illustrated using numerically computed synthetic seismicity and mathematical formulation. We show that seismicity rate changes predicted by these models (1) depend on the particular relationship between the clock-advanced failure and fault maturity, (2) are largest for the faults closest to failure at t0, (3) depend strongly on which state evolution law faults obey, and (4) are insensitive to some types of population heterogeneity. We also find that if individual faults fail repeatedly and populations are finite, at timescales much longer than typical aftershock durations, quiescence follows a seismicity rate increase regardless of the specific frictional relations. For the examined models the quiescence duration is comparable to the ratio of stress change to stressing rate Δτ/, which occurs after a time comparable to the average recurrence interval of the individual faults in the population and repeats in the absence of any new load perturbations; this simple model may partly explain observations of repeated clustering of earthquakes.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Chromolaena Odorata in Wistar Rats and its Chemical Characterization

Chromolaena odorata is a plant that has been used traditionally in the treatment of diverse disease conditions. This study sort to evaluate the anti- Salmonella typhi potential of Chromolaena odorata compared to ciprofloxacin in Wistar rats and to identify the phytochemical constituents present in the plant that could be responsible for the antibacterial activity exhibited by the plant. The animals were divided into six groups: group 1 was normal control, group 2 was infected with Salmonella typhi without treatment, groups 3, 4 and 5 were Salmonella typhi infected and treated with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract respectively and group 6 was infected and treated with 500mg/70kg of ciprofloxacin. The animals were inoculated with a single infective dose of Salmonella typhi bacteria and subsequently, treated with the graded doses of methanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorat a and 500mg/70kg dose of ciprofloxacin for a period of fifteen days, when the animals were confirmed infected. Fecal matter was collected from each group on day 0 (when the animals were confirmed infected) and on every five days interval for the period of the study, for Salmonella typhi load assay. This was followed by phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of the plant extract. Treatment of infected animals with the extract and standard drug, resulted in a dose and time dependent eradication of the Salmonella typhi from the stool, while the phytochemical screening and the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid and Geijerene, 3-methyl-3-vinyl- cyclopropene; 4, 6-Dimethyl-3-nitro-2(1H)-pyridinone, 2-Hexyn-1-ol, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2,3-dimethylquinoxaline, nonyl prop-1-en-2-yl ester Carbonic acid respectively. Thus the observed antibacterial activity could be attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals.
STUDIES ON BIO-EXTRACT COATINGS AND PACKAGING ON THE SHELF LIFE OF POMEGRANATE FRUITS CULTIVAR ‘ MRIDULA

1. Title of Thesis : Studies on bio-extract coatings and packaging on the shelf life of pomegranate fruits cultivar Mridula 2. Full Name of Degree Holder : Ms. Suchismita Jena 3. Admission Number : 2015A45M 4. Title of the Degree : Masters of Science 5. Name of Discipline : HorticultureFruit science 6. Name and Address of : Dr. R.K. Goyal Major Advisor Professor, Department of Horticulture CCS HAU, Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India 7. Degree Awarding University : CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India 8. Year of Award of Degree : 2017 9. Major Subject : HorticultureFruit Science 10. Total No. of Pages in Thesis : 54 + vi + II 11. Number of Words in Abstract : 439
Lucas , 1843 ) bycatch from pink shrimp trawl fishery in the coast of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil

Trawling is known as one of less selective fishing gears and presents high index of accidental captures. The objective of this paper is to characterize the population structure, fecundity and relative growth of Leurocyclus tuberculosus often caught as bycatch in pink shrimp trawl. Sampling occurred between October 2008 and September 2009 in the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, using commercial shrimp trawl. The sample totalized 269 crabs, 168 males and 101 females (42 ovigerous). The sex ratio was 1:1.66 (M:F) and differed statistically from the expected (X2=16.68; p > 0.05). The carapace width (CW) ranged from 12.81 to 71.67 mm (mean ± SD: 48.77 ± 13.75 mm) and from 15.33 to 55.44 mm (36.19 ± 8.66 mm) in males and females, respectively. The size at onset of sexual maturity was estimated at 30 mm (females) and 55 mm (males). The individual fecundity ranged from 3,450 to 23,680 eggs/brood (10,327.3 ± 4,827.7). The analysis of relative growth did not differ from the Brachyura predictions. The histogram analysis showed that shrimp trawl affects the L. tuberculosus population equally, capturing from very young individuals to adults.