Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decomposition responses to climate depend on microbial community composition

Significance We overcame the difficulty of disentangling biotic and abiotic effects on decomposition by using the largest field-based reciprocal transplant experiment to date. We showed that decomposition responses to climate depend on the composition of microbial communities, which is not considered in terrestrial carbon models. Microbial communities varied in their effects on both mass loss and types of carbon decomposed in an interactive manner not predicted by current theory. Contrary to the traditional paradigm, bacterial communities appeared to have a stronger impact on grassland litter decomposition rates than fungi. Furthermore, bacterial communities shifted more rapidly in response to changing climates than fungi. This information is critical to improving global terrestrial carbon models and predicting ecosystem responses to climate change. Bacteria and fungi drive decomposition, a fundamental process in the carbon cycle, yet the importance of microbial community composition for decomposition remains elusive. Here, we used an 18-month reciprocal transplant experiment along a climate gradient in Southern California to disentangle the effects of the microbial community versus the environment on decomposition. Specifically, we tested whether the decomposition response to climate change depends on the microbial community. We inoculated microbial decomposers from each site onto a common, irradiated leaf litter within “microbial cages” that prevent microbial exchange with the environment. We characterized fungal and bacterial composition and abundance over time and investigated the functional consequences through litter mass loss and chemistry. After 12 months, microbial communities altered both decomposition rate and litter chemistry. Further, the functional measurements depended on an interaction between the community and its climate in a manner not predicted by current theory. Moreover, microbial ecologists have traditionally considered fungi to be the primary agents of decomposition and for bacteria to play a minor role. Our results indicate that not only does climate change and transplantation have differential legacy effects among bacteria and fungi, but also that bacterial communities might be less functionally redundant than fungi with regards to decomposition. Thus, it may be time to reevaluate both the role of microbial community composition in its decomposition response to climate and the relative roles of bacterial and fungal communities in decomposition.
Generalist versus specialist nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward promoting pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective strategy to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), though its utilization rate is low. One reason for this low utilization rate is that nurses do not provide COPD patients with enough health education to increase the patient's motivation for PR participation. This study examined knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intention toward PR promotion. The study also investigated the correlates of behavioral intentions to promote PR among pulmonary nurses. A cross-sectional correlational design was used. Overall, 284 nurses (all women) from chest medicine and general internal medicine wards in 3 hospitals within Midwest Taiwan were recruited. Data were collected by anonymous, self-administered questionnaires. We aimed to understand if there would be differences in the Chest Medicine and Generalist nurses on these outcomes, given the specialty versus generalist nature of their practice. Results were analyzed using multiple linear regressions. Although the 2 groups of nurses (ie, Chest Medicine, General Medicine) showed no differences in PR knowledge, attitudes, or behavioral intentions, they lacked sufficient PR knowledge and skills. The accuracy rate of PR knowledge was approximately 12% and self-evaluated PR skills were less than 50%. Self-efficacy in promoting PR was above average (ie, 57%–60%), and the strength of attitudes and behavioral intentions was over 70%. A multiple linear regression revealed that behavioral intentions of nurses working in the chest medicine ward were influenced by behavioral attitudes, and also PR skills and self-efficacy (explanatory power 33.3%). Attitudes, skills, and self-efficacy heavily affected pulmonary nurses’ ability to promote PR; however, PR knowledge and skills remain low. Therefore, future implementation of practical PR training courses is needed to strengthen nurses’ behavioral intentions toward PR promotion. Improved pulmonary rehabilitation-related skill, attitudes, clinical experience of PR programs, and/or practical PR training are needed among both generalist and specialist nurses. Education courses and clinical practice training should be increased in the future to promote pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients.
Comparison of efficacy of 0.75% ropivacaine and 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline in pain control in extraction of mandibular posterior teeth: A double-blind study

Background: Two percent lidocaine hydrochloride is the gold standard for dental anesthesia against which newer local anesthetic agents may be compared. 0.75% ropivacaine is a newer, long-acting amide local anesthetic agent with inherent vasoconstriction property. Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of 0.75% ropivacaine and 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1:200,000 adrenaline in pain control in extraction of mandibular posterior teeth. Settings and Design: This is a prospective, double-blind, and split-mouth study. Subjects and Methods: Twenty patients were divided into two groups according to the right and left sides of patient – side A and side B. The side, where 0.75% ropivacaine was to be administered, was randomly selected by flip coin method. Then, the pterygomandibular and long buccal nerve blocks were administered with 0.75% ropivacaine and necessary dental extraction was performed. After 1 week, the same procedure was repeated using 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1:200,000 adrenaline. The parameters assessed were pain on injection, onset of anesthesia, pain during the extraction, and duration of anesthesia. Statistical Analysis Used: The nonparametric data were assessed by Mann Whitney “U” test. Results: The mean onset of action for solution A was 7.15 ± 4.934 min and for solution B was 9.75±5.128 min. This was statistically significant. The mean duration of action, pain on injection, and pain during extraction were not significant. Conclusion: This study clearly states that there is no clear advantage of using 0.75% ropivacaine in pterygomandibular nerve block over the gold standard. However, more clinical studies with larger sample size are necessary.
The Geography of Taste: Using Yelp to Study Urban Culture

This study aims to put forth a new method to study the sociospatial boundaries by using georeferenced community-authored reviews for restaurants. In this study, we show that food choice, drink choice, and restaurant ambience can be good indicators of socioeconomic status of the ambient population in different neighborhoods. To this end, we use Yelp user reviews to distinguish different neighborhoods in terms of their food purchases and identify resultant boundaries in 10 North American metropolitan areas. This dataset includes restaurant reviews as well as a limited number of user check-ins and rating in those cities. We use Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to select a set of potential features pertaining to food, drink and ambience from Yelp user comments for each geolocated restaurant. We then select those features which determine one’s choice of restaurant and the rating that he/she provides for that restaurant. After identifying these features, we identify neighborhoods where similar taste is practiced. We show that neighborhoods identified through our method show statistically significant differences based on demographic factors such as income, racial composition, and education. We suggest that this method helps urban planners to understand the social dynamics of contemporary cities in absence of information on service-oriented cultural characteristics of urban communities.
Scalable Matching and Clustering of Entities with FAMER

Entity resolution identifies semantically equivalent entities, e.g. describing the same product or customer. It is especially challenging for Big Data applications where large volumes of data from many sources have to be matched and integrated. We therefore introduce a scalable entity resolution framework called FAMER (FAst Multi-source Entity Resolution system) that is based on Apache Flink for distributed execution and that can holistically match entities from multiple sources. For the latter purpose, FAMER includes multiple clustering schemes that group matching entities from different sources within clusters. In addition to previously known clustering schemes FAMER includes new approaches tailored to multi-source entity resolution. We perform a detailed comparative evaluation of eight clustering schemes for different real-life and synthetically generated datasets. The evaluation considers both the match quality as well as the scalability for different numbers of machines and data sizes.
Market Orientation, Alliance Governance, and Innovation

Relying on resource dependence theory and transaction cost economics, this article discusses the important role of alliance governance as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between market orientation and innovation, and compares the differences between the influences of different dimensions. The article aims to reveal the influence mechanism of different types of alliance governance on the relationship between market orientation and innovation. Based on a sample of 122 Chinese manufacturing enterprises, the article finds that: (1) contractual governance will increase when customer orientation and competitor orientation become higher, and contractual governance will affect radical innovation in a U-shaped way; (2) trust governance will increase when inter-functional coordination become higher, and trust governance has a positive impact on both radical innovation and incremental innovation (II).
An Empirical Study of the Role of Knowledge Characteristics and Tools on Knowledge Transfer in China-Based Multinationals

This article describes how technology—i.e. the infrastructure of tools, systems, platforms—enhances knowledge transfer. The effect of tools on the relationship between knowledge characteristics and knowledge transfer effectiveness is under-researched. This article attempts to address the interplay of knowledge characteristics and transfer tools within multinational corporations (MNCs). Based on the structural equation modelling, this research proposes and tests a basic model that captures knowledge characteristics and transfer tools at 125 Japanese subsidiaries operating in China. Drawing on the literature, this article argues that the role of knowledge characteristics and transfer tools need to be considered for effective knowledge transfer between MNCs and their subsidiaries. Knowledge characteristics and transfer tools play differing roles in knowledge transfer. This article also extends the existing studies by focusing on knowledge characteristics and transfer tool constructs simultaneously in a model to understand the notion of knowledge transfer effectiveness in the global business context.
Ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus: A case report and literature review

Ectopic eruption of teeth is a rare phenomenon although there have been reports of teeth in the nasal septum, mandibular condyle, and maxillary sinus. This impaction can present itself in a variety of ways such as chronic or recurrent sinusitis, sepsis, and facial numbness and can also be asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to describe, by means of research literature and by a case report, the characteristics and occurrence of ectopic eruption in the maxillary sinus. We have analyzed and compared clinical cases of ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus with a search on PubMed utilizing keywords such as “ectopic,” “teeth,” “sinus,” “maxillary,” and Boolean operators “or” and “and” up until 2016. Fifty-one cases were found, of which 53% were female. The age ranged between 3 and 72 years, with an average age of 28.36 years. The higher prevalence of ectopic teeth is the 3rd molars. Ten of these teeth are associated with a dentigerous cyst, 1 by an osteoma, and 2 by soft tissue. Standard treatment for an ectopic tooth is extraction, but for other patients, treatment of choice in asymptomatic ectopic tooth cases is continued observation. Ectopic teeth tend to form a cyst or tumor if not managed.
A study on Internet addiction and its relation to psychopathology and self-esteem among college students

Background: Internet use is one of the most important tools of our present-day society whose impact is felt on college students such as increased use of Internet. It brings change in mood, an inability to control the amount of time spent with the Internet, withdrawal symptoms when not engaged, a diminishing social life, and adverse work or academic consequences, and it also affects self-esteem of the students. Objective: The main objective of this study is to explore the Internet use and its relation to psychopathology and self-esteem among college students. Methodology: A total of 200 college students were selected from different colleges of Kolkata through random sampling. After selection of the sample, Young's Internet Addiction Scale, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to assess the Internet usage, psychopathology, and self-esteem of the college students. Results: Depression, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity were found to be correlated with Internet addiction. Along with that, low self-esteem has been found in students to be associated with possible users of Internet. Conclusion: Internet usage has been found to have a very strong impact on college students, especially in the areas of anxiety and depression, and at times it affected their social life and their relationship with their family.
Neural Network-Hardware Co-design for Scalable RRAM-based BNN Accelerators

Recently, RRAM-based Binary Neural Network (BNN) hardware has been gaining interests as it requires 1-bit sense-amp only and eliminates the need for high-resolution ADC and DAC. However, RRAM-based BNN hardware still requires high-resolution ADC for partial sum calculation to implement large-scale neural network using multiple memory arrays. We propose a neural network-hardware co-design approach to split input to fit each split network on a RRAM array so that the reconstructed BNNs calculate 1-bit output neuron in each array. As a result, ADC can be completely eliminated from the design even for large-scale neural network. Simulation results show that the proposed network reconstruction and retraining recovers the inference accuracy of the original BNN. The accuracy loss of the proposed scheme in the CIFAR-10 testcase was less than 1.1% compared to the original network. The code for training and running proposed BNN models is available at: this https URL.
Enabling Efficient and Geometric Range Query With Access Control Over Encrypted Spatial Data

As a basic query function, range query has been exploited in many scenarios such as SQL retrieves, location-based services, and computational geometry. Meanwhile, with explosive growth of data volume, users are increasingly inclining to store data on the cloud for saving local storage and computational cost. However, a long-standing problem is that the user’s data may be completely revealed to the cloud server because it has full data access right. To cope with this problem, a frequently-used method is to encrypt raw data before outsourcing them, but the availability and operability of data will be reduced significantly. In this paper, we propose an efficient and geometric range query scheme (EGRQ) supporting searching and data access control over encrypted spatial data. We employ secure KNN computation, polynomial fitting technique, and order-preserving encryption to achieve secure, efficient, and accurate geometric range query over cloud data. Then, we propose a novel spatial data access control strategy to refine user’s rights in our EGRQ. To improve the efficiency, R-tree is adopted to reduce the searching space and matching times in whole search process. Finally, we theoretically prove the security of our proposed scheme in terms of confidentiality of spatial data, privacy protection of index and trapdoor, and the unlinkability of trapdoors. In addition, extensive experiments demonstrate the high efficiency of our proposed model compared with existing schemes.
Advancing mite phylogenomics: Designing ultraconserved elements for Acari phylogeny

Mites (Acari) are one of the most diverse groups of life on Earth; yet, their evolutionary relationships are poorly understood. Also, the resolution of broader arachnid phylogeny has been hindered by an underrepresentation of mite diversity in phylogenomic analyses. To further our understanding of Acari evolution, we design targeted ultraconserved genomic elements (UCEs) probes, intended for resolving the complex relationships between mite lineages and closely related arachnids. We then test our Acari UCE baits in‐silico by constructing a phylogeny using 13 existing Acari genomes, as well as 6 additional taxa from a variety of genomic sources. Our Acari‐specific probe kit improves the recovery of loci within mites over an existing general arachnid UCE probe set. Our initial phylogeny recovers the major mite lineages, yet finds mites to be non‐monophyletic overall, with Opiliones (harvestmen) and Ricinuleidae (hooded tickspiders) rendering Parasitiformes paraphyletic.
Improving Visual-Inertial Navigation Using Stationary Environmental Magnetic Disturbances. (Amélioration des méthodes de navigation vision-inertiel par exploitation des perturbations magnétiques stationnaires de l'environnement)

This thesis addresses the issue of positioning in 6-DOF that arises from augmented reality applications and focuses on embedded sensors based solutions.Nowadays, the performance reached by visual-inertial navigation systems is starting to be adequate for AR applications. Nonetheless, those systems are based on position correction from visual sensors involved at a relatively high frequency to mitigate the quick drift of low-cost inertial sensors. This is a problem when the visual environment is unfavorable.In parallel, recent works have shown it was feasible to leverage magnetic field to reduce inertial integration drift thanks to a new type of low-cost sensor, which includes – in addition to the accelerometers and gyrometers – a network of magnetometers. Yet, this magnetic approach for dead-reckoning fails if stationarity and non-uniformity hypothesis on the magnetic field are unfulfilled in the vicinity of the sensor.We develop a robust dead-reckoning solution combining simultaneously information from all these sources: magnetic, visual, and inertial sensor. We present several approaches to solve for the fusion problem, using either filtering or non-linear optimization paradigm and we develop an efficient way to use magnetic error term in a classical bundle adjustment that was inspired from already used idea for inertial terms. We evaluate the performance of these estimators on data from real sensors. We demonstrate the benefits of the fusion compared to visual-inertial and magneto-inertial solutions. Finally, we study theoretical properties of the estimators that are linked to invariance theory.
Analyses of risk factors and prognosis for new-onset atrial fibrillation in elderly patients after dual-chamber pacemaker implantation

Objective To retrospectively identify risk factors and the prognosis for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after implantation of dual-chamber pacemakers in elderly patients. Methods Consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent their first implantation of a dual-chamber permanent pacemaker in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from October 2013 to May 2016 were enrolled. Their complete programming and follow-up data were recorded. Follow-up end points included new-onset AF and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Results Altogether, 322 patients were enrolled, with new-onset AF observed in 79 (24.5%) during their follow-up. Multivariable analysis identified four independent predictors of new-onset AF in elderly patients after pacemaker implantation: hypertension (HR = 3.040, 95% CI: 1.09–3.05, P = 0.00); age (HR = 1.966, 95% CI: 1.57–3.68, P = 0.01); left atrial enlargement (HR = 1.645, 95% CI: 1.05–1.25, P = 0.03); high ventricular pacing rate (HR = 1.137, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, P = 0.01). Univariable analysis indicated that the CHA2DS2-VASc score was also a risk factor for AF (HR = 1.368, 95% CI: 1.178–1.589, P = 0.002), whereas multivariable regression analysis did not. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the risk for ischemic stroke was significantly higher in the new-onset AF group than in the non-AF group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hypertension, age, left atrial enlargement, and high ventricular pacing rate were independent predictors of new-onset AF in elderly patients after implantation of a permanent pacemaker. New-onset AF increased the risk for ischemic stroke.