Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective validation of Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies

Objective: To determine the validity of a clinical diagnosis of probable or possible dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) made using International Consensus criteria. Background: Validation studies based on retrospective chart reviews of autopsy-confirmed cases have suggested that diagnostic specificity for DLB is acceptable but case detection rates as low as 0.22 have been suggested. Methods: We evaluated the first 50 cases reaching neuropathologic autopsy in a cohort to which Consensus clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB, National Institute for Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for AD, and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l’Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria for vascular dementia (VaD) had been prospectively applied. Results: Twenty-six clinical diagnoses of DLB, 19 of AD, and 5 of VaD were made. At autopsy, 29 DLB cases, 15 AD, 5 VaD, and 1 progressive supranuclear palsy were identified. The sensitivity and specificity of a clinical diagnosis of probable DLB in this sample were 0.83 and 0.95. Of the five cases receiving a false-negative diagnosis of DLB, significant fluctuation was present in four but visual hallucinations and spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism were generally absent. Thirty-one percent of the DLB cases had additional vascular pathology and in two cases this contributed to a misdiagnosis of VaD. No correlations were found between the distribution of Lewy bodies and clinical features. Conclusion: The Consensus criteria for DLB performed as well in this prospective study as those for AD and VaD, with a diagnostic sensitivity substantially higher than that reported by previous retrospective studies. DLB occurs in the absence of extrapyramidal features and in the presence of comorbid cerebrovascular disease. Fluctuation is an important diagnostic indicator, reliable measures of which need to be developed further.
Ethical challenges in everyday work with adults with learning disabilities

Background: Healthcare providers caring for learning-disabled individuals in institutions face challenges of what is right or wrong in their daily work. Serving this group, it is of utmost importance for the healthcare staff to raise awareness and to understand how ethical values are at stake. Research question: What ethical challenges are discussed among healthcare providers working with adults with learning disabilities? Research design: The study had a qualitative and investigative design. Participants and research context: The study was conducted in a community institution for adults with learning disabilities. Participants were healthcare providers joining regular focused group discussions. Two groups participated and each group consisted of six participants. The conversations were taped and transcribed. Ethical considerations: The study was reported to Norwegian Social Science Data Services and was approved by the regional ethics committee. Findings: Findings are presented in four themes: (a) feeling squeezed between conflicting actions, (b) being the client’s spokesman, (c) searching shared responsibility, and (d) expecting immediate and fixed solutions. The healthcare providers wanted to be the clients’ advocates. They felt obliged to speak up for the clients, however, seeking for someone with whom to share the heavily experienced responsibility. Data likewise revealed that the group discussions created expectations among the healthcare providers; they expected smart and final solutions to the problems they discussed. Discussion: The discussion focuses on everyday ethical challenges, the meaning of being in-between and share responsibility, and the meaning of ethical sensitivity. Conclusion: Ethical challenges can be demanding for the staff; they might feel squeezed in-between contradictory attitudes or feel alone in decision-making. Frequent conversations about ethical challenges do not solve the ethical problems here-and-now, but they do visualize them. This also visualizes the staff’s need for support.
Identification of viral and phytoplasmal agents causing diseases in Gaillardia Foug. plants in Lithuania

Gaillardia plants exhibiting symptoms characteristic of viral and phytoplasmal diseases were collected at botanical gardens and floriculture farms in Lithuania. Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus was isolated from diseased plants exhibiting symptoms characterized by stunting, flower breaking and malformation of petals. The virus was characterized based on electron microscopy, serology, reactions of inoculated test-plants, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Symptoms of leaf yellowing and general stunting of plants, and virescence and phyllody of flowers were associated with infection by a phytoplasma. Phytoplasmal 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified in polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) primed by phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2. RFLP analysis of the 1.2 kbp rDNA product, subjected to single enzyme digestions with nine restriction endonucleases, revealed that the Gaillardia plants were infected by a phytoplasma (gaillardia yellows, GaiY) belonging to group 16SrI (aster yellows phytoplasma group), subgroup I-C (clover phyllody, CPh, phytoplasma subgroup). 16S rDNA sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the GaiY phytoplasma was closely related to CPh phytoplasma. Gaillardia can be naturally infected by a broad biodiversity of phytoplasma strains belonging to subgroups 16SrIII-B (clover yellow edge subgroup), 16SrI-A (aster yellows subgroup), and 16SrI-C in Lithuania.
Abstract recall of a happy memory to repair sad mood in dysphoria: A possible link to negative cognition

The capacity to repair sad mood through the deliberate recall of happy memories has been found to be impaired in dysphoric individuals. Rumination, or adopting an abstract processing mode, has been proposed as a possible mechanism underpinning this effect. In low and high dysphoric participants, we examined the relative consequences of adopting an abstract or concrete processing mode during happy memory recall or engaging in distraction for (1) mood repair and (2) cognitive content. Recalling a happy memory in either an abstract or concrete way resulted in greater happiness than distraction. Engaging in abstract recall of a happy memory resulted in high dysphoric participants generating negative evaluations and negative generalisations. These findings raise the interesting possibility that abstract processing of positive memories has the potential to generate negative cognition.
Variability and Errors of Manually Digitized Goldmann Visual Fields

Purpose Goldmann visual fields (GVFs) are useful for tracking changes in areas of functional retina, including the periphery, in inherited retinal degeneration patients. Quantitative GVF analysis requires digitization of the chart coordinates for the main axes and isopter points marked by the GVF operator during testing. This study investigated inter- and intra-digitizer variability among users of a manual GVF digitization program. Methods Ten digitizers were trained for 1 hour, then digitized 23 different GVFs from inherited retinal degeneration patients in each of three testing blocks. Digitizers labeled each isopter as seeing or non-seeing, and its target size. Isopters with the same test target within each GVF were grouped to create isopter groups. Results The standard deviation of isopter group area showed an approximate square-root relationship with total isopter group area. Accordingly, the coefficient of variation for isopter group area decreased from 68% to 0.2% with increasing isopter group area. A bootstrap version of ANOVA did not reveal a significant effect of digitizers on isopter group area. Simulations involving random sampling of digitizers showed that five to seven digitizers would be required to catch 95% to 99% of labeling errors and isopter misses, on the basis of data discrepancies, with 99% probability. Conclusions These data suggest that any minimally trained digitizer would be capable of reliably determining any isopter area, regardless of size. Studies using this software could either use five to seven minimally trained digitizers for each GVF, three digitizers who demonstrate low frequencies of errors on a practice set of GVFs, or two digitizers with an expert reader to adjudicate discrepancies and catch errors.
Evolution and Diversity of Facultative Symbionts from the Aphid Subfamily Lachninae

ABSTRACT Many aphids harbor a variety of endosymbiotic bacteria. The functions of these symbionts can range from an obligate nutritional role to a facultative role in protecting their hosts against environmental stresses. One such symbiont is “Candidatus Serratia symbiotica,” which is involved in defense against heat and potentially also in aphid nutrition. Lachnid aphids have been the focus of several recent studies investigating the transition of this symbiont from a facultative symbiont to an obligate symbiont. In a phylogenetic analysis of Serratia symbionts from 51 lachnid hosts, we found that diversity in symbiont morphology, distribution, and function is due to multiple independent origins of symbiosis from ancestors belonging to Serratia and possibly also to evolution within distinct symbiont clades. Our results do not support cocladogenesis of “Ca. Serratia symbiotica” with Cinara subgenus Cinara species and weigh against an obligate nutritional role. Finally, we show that species belonging to the subfamily Lachninae have a high incidence of facultative symbiont infection.
Strategy for retreatment of therapeutic failure of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection

A proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based triple therapy consisting of a PPI, amoxicillin (A) and clarithromycin (C) or metronidazole (M) provides an eradication rate ranging from 80 to 90%. However, there have been few controlled studies with regard to the most effective regimen to re‐treat patients after failure of the first‐line therapy. Accordingly, we retrospectively reviewed our experiences and compared regimens with different combinations of antimicrobials to determine the optimal retreatment regimen.
Study of strength criterion for dynamic biaxial compressive properties of concrete under constant confining pressure

The dynamic compressive experiments of cubic concrete specimens under various constant lateral pressures were preformed. The lateral confining pressure in the tests were kept constant at 0MPa, 4MPa, 7MPa and 10MPa, respectively, and the tested strain rate ranged from 10−5/s to 10−2/s. Based on the experimental results, the influence of the strain rates on compressive characteristics of concrete under various constant lateral pressures were researched. The strength criterion in terms of principal stress and the unified strength criterion in octahedronal stress space considering the influence of strain rates and lateral pressures are proposed respectively. The fitting curves by the present strength criterion agree well with experimental data.
TURBULENT MOLECULAR GAS AND STAR FORMATION IN THE SHOCKED INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM OF STEPHAN'S QUINTET

The Stephan's Quintet (hereafter SQ) is a template source to study the impact of galaxies interaction on the physical state and energetics of their gas. We report on IRAM single-dish CO observations of the SQ compact group of galaxies. These observations follow up the Spitzer discovery of bright mid-IR H2 rotational line emission (L(H2) ≈ 1035 W) from warm (102 − 3 K) molecular gas, associated with a 30 kpc long shock between a galaxy, NGC 7318b, and NGC 7319's tidal arm. We detect CO(1–0), (2–1) and (3–2) line emission in the inter-galactic medium (IGM) with complex profiles, spanning a velocity range of ≈1000 km s−1. The spectra exhibit the pre-shock recession velocities of the two colliding gas systems (5700 and 6700 km s−1), but also intermediate velocities. This shows that much of the molecular gas has formed out of diffuse gas accelerated by the galaxy-tidal arm collision. CO emission is also detected in a bridge feature that connects the shock to the Seyfert member of the group, NGC 7319, and in the northern star forming region, SQ-A, where a new velocity component is identified at 6900 km s−1, in addition to the two velocity components already known. Assuming a Galactic CO(1–0) emission to H2 mass conversion factor, a total H2 mass of ≈5 × 109 M☉ is detected in the shock. The ratio between the warm H2 mass derived from Spitzer spectroscopy, and the H2 mass derived from CO fluxes is ≈0.3 in the IGM of SQ, which is 10--100 times higher than in star-forming galaxies. The molecular gas carries a large fraction of the gas kinetic energy involved in the collision, meaning that this energy has not been thermalized yet. The kinetic energy of the H2 gas derived from CO observations is comparable to that of the warm H2 gas from Spitzer spectroscopy, and a factor ≈5 greater than the thermal energy of the hot plasma heated by the collision. In the shock and bridge regions, the ratio of the PAH-to-CO surface luminosities, commonly used to measure the star formation efficiency of the H2 gas, is lower (up to a factor 75) than the observed values in star-forming galaxies. We suggest that turbulence fed by the galaxy-tidal arm collision maintains a high heating rate within the H2 gas. This interpretation implies that the velocity dispersion on the scale of giant molecular clouds in SQ is one order of magnitude larger than the Galactic value. The high amplitude of turbulence may explain why this gas is not forming stars efficiently.
Optimistic value model of uncertain optimal control with jump and application in finance

In recent decades there has been an increasing attention in research of optimal control theory with uncertainties. An important issue to deal with the optimal control problem with uncertainties is how to determine some optimization criterion to optimize objective function. Actually, there are many criteria to do so but there is no any criteria to be best because different criteria satisfy various requirements in different problems. Based on uncertainty theory, an expected value model of uncertain optimal control problem with jump was studied by Deng and Zhu. This paper applied the optimistic value criterion to further discuss uncertain optimal control problem with jump. The principle of optimality for proposed model is first given, and then the equation of optimality for proposed model is obtained under optimistic value criterion. At last, an optimal control problem of pension fund is solved by this equation of optimality.
Osteoporosis Risk in Premenopausal Women

Although clinically significant bone loss and fractures in healthy premenopausal women are rare, more women are seeking evaluation for osteoporosis from their health care providers. As pharmacists are in an ideal position to influence the management of premenopausal women with osteoporosis, it is important that pharmacists understand the available data on bone loss, fractures, and risk factors and secondary causes for osteoporosis, as well as when to recommend testing and treatment in premenopausal women. Limited data are available; therefore, we conducted a MEDLINE search of the literature from January 1993‐August 2008. Studies evaluating bone loss, fractures, and fracture risk in healthy premenopausal women were targeted and summarized; most recommendations are based on expert opinion. A small but statistically significant loss in bone mineral density of 0.25‐1%/year by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry is seen healthy premenopausal women; the clinical significance of this is unknown. Whereas absolute fracture risk is low, premenopausal fractures appear to increase postmenopausal fracture risk by 1.5‐3‐fold. Risk factors for low bone density appear to be similar between pre‐ and postmenopausal women. Bone density screening in healthy premenopausal women is not recommended, but bone mineral density testing is advisable for those who have conditions or who receive drug therapy that may cause secondary bone loss. Lifestyle modification emphasizing bone‐healthy habits such as adequate calcium and vitamin D nutrition, regular exercise, limitation of caffeine and alcohol consumption, and avoidance of tobacco are essential to the management of osteoporosis risk. The efficacy and safety of osteoporosis drugs have not been adequately demonstrated in premenopausal women. Therefore, pharmacologic interventions cannot be recommended in young women with low bone mass but may be considered in those having a more significant fracture risk, such as those with a previous low‐trauma fracture or an identified secondary cause for bone loss.
Disease biology rather than age is the most important determinant of survival of patients ≥ 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia treated with uniform intensive therapy

The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the outcome of patients ≥ 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated uniformly with high‐dose daunorubicin containing induction and modified high‐dose cytosine arabinoside containing postremission therapy, and to identify factors predictive of complete disease remission (CR) and survival.
Mutants of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with reduced ADP-ribosylation activity or no activity retain the immunogenic properties of the native holotoxin

The Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is a potent inducer of mucosal immune responses. In a previous study (L. DeHaan, W. R. Verweij, M. Holtrop, E. Agsteribbe, and J. Wilschut, Vaccine 14:620-626, 1996), we have shown that efficient induction of an LTB-specific mucosal immune response by LT requires the presence of the LTA chain, suggesting a possible role of the enzymatic activity of LTA in the induction of these responses. In the present study, we generated LT mutants with altered ADP-ribosylation activities and evaluated their immunogenicity upon intranasal administration to mice. The results demonstrate that the mucosal immunogenicity of LT is not dependent on its ADP-ribosylation activity.
Early Feeding Problems in an Affluent Society

ABSTRACT. A study was undertaken to investigate growth in children with different types of early feeding problems without any obvious medical explanation. Altogether 42 children were studied and followed up to the age of two years. Twenty‐five children refused to eat (RTE), nine had colic, seven had vomiting and one child displayed hyperirritability at mealtimes. Comparisons were made with controls matched for sex, age and residential area. Attained weight and length were measured frequently; rates of gain were calculated und the growth variables were transformed to standard deviation scores (SD scores). After the onset of the symptoms the SD scores of attained weight and length decreased significantly in the children with RTE and in those with vomiting (p <0.05), and the rate of weight gain was significantly lower in the RTE group than in the control group (p <0.001). At two years of age the children with vomiting had recovered and showed a complete catch–up growth, while the RTE group had attained significantly lower SD scores of attained weight (p <0.001) and length (p <0.001) than the control group. It was found that the risk of growth impairment was greatest in children who refused all food or all food except breast milk.
Conglomeratesand Industry Distress

Focusing on economic distress episodes in an industry, we estimate the effect of conglomeration on resource allocation. Distressed segments have higher sales growth, higher cash flow, and higher expenditure on research and development than single-segment firms. This is especially true for segments with high past performance, for unrated firms, and in competitive industries. Single-segment firms increase cash holding, and the diversification discount reduces during industry distress. Firms with high past performance acquire their industry counterparts, and firms with low past performance exit the distressed industry. Industries more prone to distress have greater conglomeration. Overall, conglomeration enables segments to avoid financial constraints during industry distress. (JELG)
The Role of Processing Speed in the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised

The Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised (BVMT-R) is a commonly used, commercialized, assessment tool to measure visuospatial learning and memory abilities across research and clinical settings. In this study we evaluated the influence of processing speed and executive functioning on BVMT-R learning, memory, and percent retention scores. A total of 141 cognitively healthy older adults completed the BVMT-R along with measures of visuoconstructional abilities (BVMT-R copy), speeded processing (Symbol Digit Modalities Test-oral), and executive function (FAS). After controlling for age and visuoconstructional abilities, hierarchical regression models showed that the processing speed measure was a unique predictor of both BVMT-R learning and memory performances, while the executive function measure was not. The visuoconstructional measure was the only unique predictor of BVMT-R percent retention. The findings suggest that, when interpreting the BVMT-R learning and memory scores of patients who exhibit speeded processing deficits, the impact of slowed processing speed on performance should be considered.
From Beliefs to Success: Utilizing an Expanded TAM to Predict Web Page Development Success

The technology acceptance model (TAM) is a popular model for the prediction of information systems acceptance behaviors, defining a causal linkage between beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and the usage of information technologies. Since its inception, numerous studies have utilized the TAM, providing empirical support for the model in both traditional and Internet-based computing settings. This article describes a research study that utilizes an adaptation of the TAM to predict successful Web page development, as an introduction of the TAM to a new domain, and the testing of a new dependent variable within the model. The study found some evidence to support the use of the TAM as a starting point for the prediction of Web development success, finding causal linkages between the belief constructs and the attitude constructs, and the intent construct and the successful development of Web pages. However, additional research is required to further study the expanded model introduced within this article. Keywords: computer attitudes; internet attitudes; system development success; technology acceptance model (TAM)
Economized large‐scale production of high yield of rAAV for gene therapy applications exploiting baculovirus expression system

The versatility of recombinant adeno‐associated vector (rAAV) as a gene delivery system is due to the vector's ability to transduce different cell types as well as dividing and non‐dividing cells. Large‐scale production of rAAV remains one of the major challenges for continued development of pre‐clinical and clinical studies, and for its potential commercialization. The baculovirus expression vectors (BEVS) and insect cells represent a potential method to produce rAAV economically at large scale. This technology uses three different BEVs (Bac‐Rep, Bac‐GFP, and Bac‐VP) each at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3. We reported previously the production of rAAV at 40 L scale using a stirred‐tank bioreactor (STB). However, production in larger volumes is limited by the stability of the BEVs and amount of BEVs needed to achieve the target MOI of 3 per BEV. Here, the production parameters were optimized and the baculovirus stability was determined.