Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de actividad fisica, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. Metodologia Con una muestra de 548 estudiantes del area socio-sanitaria (431 mujeres y 117 hombres, edad media: 20 anos DT: 2,3) se aplico la version abreviada del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Fisica y una encuesta sobre habitos de vida, para obtener informacion relacionada con el consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo. Se calcularon el indice de actividad fisica, los niveles de actividad, porcentaje de tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Se aplico la prueba V de Cramer para establecer asociacion entre variables, la prueba t para evaluar las diferencias de actividad fisica en funcion del genero y la prueba Brown Forsythe en funcion de la titulacion. Resultados El 80 % de los estudiantes se clasificaron como regularmente activos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre Indice de Actividad Fisica, genero (p=0,0) y titulacion (p=0,038). La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue del 33% y de consumo de alcohol fue del 58%; sin diferencias significativas entre genero. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre actividad fisica, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones Un porcentaje alto de estudiantes practican actividad fisica de forma regular. Sin embargo, una parte de ellos no alcanza el parametro minimo para obtener beneficios en la salud. El porcentaje de consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo fue elevado. Se requiere implementar programas de promocion de habitos saludables en universitarios, especificamente hacia la optimizacion de la practica deportiva, la prevencion y disminucion del tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol.
Evaluating current implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation procedures: can common complications be minimised?

ABSTRACT The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is the cornerstone of treatment and prevention of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Despite 30 years of experience, implantation of ICDs carries a risk of complications both during the procedure and long-term follow-up. Operator and procedure related factors may contribute to this risk. Furthermore, access, pocket, device and lead related problems occur, on top of problems related to arrhythmias and the patient themselves. Infection is the most feared complication, and its incidence seems to rise. Factors leading to complications are assessed, as well as measures to reduce these complications, including antibiotics and subcutaneous devices. Four patient categories with an increased risk are identified: the elderly with atrial fibrillation, diabetes or renal failure; the pediatric patient with or without congenital heart disease, the young patient with specific inherited diseases, and all those who undergo replacement, upgrade or concomitant lead extraction.
A family of zero-voltage-switching DC-DC transformers

A family of zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) dc-dc transformers is proposed in the paper. Utilizing the magnetizing current, all switches can realize ZVS independent of input voltage and load. A ZVS push-pull forward dc-dc transformer is used to illustrate the concept. The switches' ZVS condition is theoretically analyzed. Simulation and experimental results verify the analysis. And the experimental results indicate that it can achieve 95% efficiency at full load
CEP 1 7-0 1 Duration Dependence in Employment : Evidence f rom the Last Half of the 20 th Century

This paper extends the investigation of Ignaczak [5] of the first employment spell of workers across five different birth cohorts using pooled data from the 15th and 20th cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS) to subsequent spells of employment with the purpose of testing for employment duration dependence. As the information on the GSS surveys spans well over the last half of the 20th century we are able to test not only the potential duration dependence but its stability over time. This paper contributes to the debate of employment stability by analyzing the differences between job and employment durations and showing that successive cohorts of workers have had increasingly shorter first employment durations. The analysis finds cohort effects which play a significant role in explaining declining employment tenure. The cohort effects can be seen as a proxy for a number of socio-economic factors that affect the hazard of separation from employment. Separate analysis is completed for men and women by birth cohort. This pattern of declining tenure has occurred for both men and women, but the decline has been far more prominent for men. For men, macroeconomic factors affect the hazard more strongly in more recent cohorts, which is consistent with recessionary periods generating decreasing employment stability across cohorts. For women, cohort effects are consistent with the increasing generosity of maternity leave provisions through Unemployment Insurance. Classification codes : J01, C14, C12, C16, C41.
Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure

Cerebral edema is a serious complication of the encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure. It is a major cause of death. The mechanisms responsible for its formation are unclear, and the aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural appearance of brain capillaries by scanning electron microscopy. Samples of cerebral cortex were obtained immediately after death from nine patients with fulminant hepatic failure (seven cases due to acetaminophen overdose, one caused by hepatitis B and one caused by non‐A, non‐B hepatitis) by needle biopsy at the site of insertion of an extradural pressure transducer to monitor intracranial pressure. The intercellular tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells were intact. The endothelial cells were swollen, with increased numbers of vesicles and vacuoles. The basement membranes were enlarged and vacuolized and the pericytes had increased numbers of vesicles and vacuoles, indicative of passage of fluid by this route. Marked intracellular swelling of the perivascular astroglial foot processes was present. Thus mainly cytotoxic mechanisms, with cellular swelling, and to a lesser extent vasogenic mechanisms, with altered blood‐brain barrier permeability, appear to be involved in the cerebral edema of fulminant hepatic failure. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:1060–1066).
Mechanisms of overburden deformation associated with the emplacement of the Tulipan sill, mid-Norwegian margin

AbstractThe emplacement of igneous intrusions into sedimentary basins mechanically deforms the host rocks and causes hydrocarbon maturation. Existing models of host-rock deformation are investigated using high-quality 3D seismic and industry well data in the western More Basin offshore mid-Norway. The models include synemplacement (e.g., elastic bending-related active uplift and volume reduction of metamorphic aureoles) and postemplacement (e.g., differential compaction) mechanisms. We use the seismic interpretations of five horizons in the Cretaceous-Paleogene sequence (Springar, Tang, and Tare Formations) to analyze the host rock deformation induced by the emplacement of the underlying saucer-shaped Tulipan sill. The results show that the sill, emplaced between 55.8 and 54.9 Ma, is responsible for the overlying dome structure observed in the seismic data. Isochron maps of the deformed sediments, as well as deformation of the younger postemplacement sediments, document a good match between the spatial di.
Mode of daily caffeine consumption among adolescents and the practice of mixing alcohol with energy drinks: relationships to drunkenness.

OBJECTIVE Adolescent use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has recently received increased attention. Previous studies have established a strong link between AmED and drunkenness and suggest the importance of understanding associations with AmED use. In this study, we operationalized caffeine as daily consumption of coffee, tea, cola drinks, and energy drinks, and examined whether daily caffeine consumption relates to AmED use and drunkenness. METHOD We used multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) with data from the 2013 Youth in Iceland cross-sectional survey among students, ages 16-17 years, who attended all of Iceland's 31 junior colleges (N = 5,784; 75% response rate; 51% girls). RESULTS Our primary model fit the data very well with a comparative fit index of . 994 and root mean square error of approximation of . 042. Of the four daily caffeine consumption variables, coffee had the strongest relationship with AmED for both girls and boys, followed by energy drink consumption. The direct relationship between the daily caffeine consumption variables and drunkenness was generally weak for both genders, but the majority of the total relationship between all daily caffeine consumption variables and drunkenness was attributable to mediation through AmED. In our primary model, AmED consumption was also very strongly related to drunkenness (standardized βs = .74-.79). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine use among adolescents ages 16-17 years is strongly related to increased consumption of AmED, irrespective of mode of caffeine consumption. AmED is strongly and positively associated with drunkenness on both individual and school levels.
Evaluation of the performance of multithreaded Cilk runtime system on SMP clusters

Multithreading is widely accepted in shared memory systems such as the symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) machine. However in the clustering environment, multithreading is considered expensive and difficult. Process is still used as the basic scheduling unit in the majority of parallel programming systems on clusters. To investigate the overhead a runtime system may have in supporting multithreading, an extended multithreaded Cilk runtime system called distributed Cilk, was evaluated on a cluster of SMP PCs. The distributed Cilk embodies the algorithmic features of the Cilk language, supports software distributed shared memory (DSM) for all Cilk threads in the cluster and provides user-level cluster-wide locking. The performance of the distributed Cilk was evaluated using three problems which were parallelized with different strategies to represent various parallel programming paradigms. The results were also compared with those of Tread-Marks, a typical software DSM implementation for clusters with no support for multithreading. The experiments show that multithreading Cilk programs written in a divide-and-conquer fashion with good data locality can achieve comparable performance with the corresponding multiple-process Tread-Marks programs. The results shed light on efficient multithreading for clusters.
Campilobacteriose genital bovina: ocorrência nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais

Para verificar a ocorrencia de campilobacteriose genital bovina, em rebanhos de bovinos leiteiros do Rio de Janeiro eMinas Gerais, realizou-se a prova de muco-aglutinacao lenta para as femeas, e o isolamento bacteriologico para osmachos. Dos 248 animais examinados durante o periodo de 1996 a dezembro 1997, constataram-se 71 animaispositivos (28,63%), 33 suspeitos (13,31 %) e 144 negativos (58,06%), provenientes de 21 propriedades visitadas nosestados do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais, sendo diagnosticada a campilobacteriose em 20 propriedades (95,2%) . Acampilobacteriose provavelmente contribuiu para a baixa eficiencia reprodutiva verificada nos rebanhos examinados.
Effect of orthodontic brackets and different wires on radiofrequency heating and magnetic field interactions during 3-T MRI.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the heating and magnetic field interactions of fixed orthodontic appliances with different wires and ligaments in a 3-T MRI environment and to estimate the safety of these orthodontic materials. METHODS 40 non-carious extracted human maxillary teeth were embedded in polyvinyl chloride boxes, and orthodontic brackets were bonded. Nickel-titanium and stainless steel arch wires, and elastic and stainless steel ligaments were used to obtain four experimental groups in total. Specimens were evaluated at 3 T for radiofrequency heating and magnetic field interactions. Radiofrequency heating was evaluated by placing specimens in a cylindrical plastic container filled with isotonic solution and measuring changes in temperature after T1 weighted axial sequencing and after completion of all sequences. Translational attraction and torque values of specimens were also evaluated. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare continuous variables of temperature change. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS None of the groups exhibited excessive heating (highest temperature change: <3.04 °C), with the maximum increase in temperature observed at the end of the T1 weighted axial sequence. Magnetic field interactions changed depending on the material used. Although the brackets presented minor interactions that would not cause movement in situ, nickel-titanium and stainless steel wires presented great interactions that may pose a risk for the patient. CONCLUSIONS The temperature changes of the specimens were considered to be within acceptable ranges. With regard to magnetic field interactions, brackets can be considered "MR safe"; however, it would be safe to replace the wires before MRI.
Coevolution of Plants and Their Pathogens in Natural Habitats

Understanding of plant-pathogen coevolution in natural systems continues to develop as new theories at the population and species level are increasingly informed by studies unraveling the molecular basis of interactions between individual plants and their pathogens. The next challenge lies in further integration of these approaches to develop a comprehensive picture of how life history traits of both players interact with the environment to shape evolutionary trajectories.
PT symmetry as a necessary and sufficient condition for unitary time evolution

While Hermiticity of a time-independent Hamiltonian leads to unitary time evolution, in and of itself, the requirement of Hermiticity is only sufficient for unitary time evolution. In this paper, we provide conditions that are both necessary and sufficient. We show that symmetry of a time-independent Hamiltonian, or equivalently, reality of the secular equation that determines its eigenvalues, is both necessary and sufficient for unitary time evolution. For any -symmetric Hamiltonian H, there always exists an operator V that relates H to its Hermitian adjoint according to V HV −1=H†. When the energy spectrum of H is complete, Hilbert space norms ⟨ψ1|V |ψ2⟩ constructed with this V are always preserved in time. With the energy eigenvalues of a real secular equation being either real or appearing in complex conjugate pairs, we thus establish the unitarity of time evolution in both cases. We also establish the unitarity of time evolution for Hamiltonians whose energy spectra are not complete. We show that when the energy eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian are real and complete, the operator V is a positive Hermitian operator, which has an associated square root operator that can be used to bring the Hamiltonian to a Hermitian form. We show that systems with -symmetric Hamiltonians obey causality. We note that Hermitian theories are ordinarily associated with a path integral quantization prescription in which the path integral measure is real, while in contrast, non-Hermitian but -symmetric theories are ordinarily associated with path integrals in which the measure needs to be complex, but in which the Euclidean time continuation of the path integral is nonetheless real. Just as the second-order Klein–Gordon theory is stabilized against transitions to negative frequencies because its Hamiltonian is positive-definite, through symmetry, the fourth-order derivative Pais–Uhlenbeck theory can equally be stabilized.
A practical grading scale for predicting outcome after radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations: analysis of 1012 treated patients.

OBJECT The authors performed a study to review outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to create a practical scale to predict long-term outcome. METHODS Outcomes were reviewed in 1012 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration and no posttreatment hemorrhage or permanent, symptomatic, radiation-induced complication. Preradiosurgery patient and AVM characteristics predictive of outcome in multivariate analysis were weighted according to their odds ratios to create the Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 8 years (range 2-20 years). Arteriovenous malformation obliteration occurred in 69% of patients. Postradiosurgery hemorrhage occurred in 88 patients, for a yearly incidence of 1.14%. Radiation-induced changes occurred in 387 patients (38.2%), symptoms in 100 (9.9%), and permanent deficits in 21 (2.1%). Favorable outcome was achieved in 649 patients (64.1%). The Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale was created such that patients were assigned 1 point each for having an AVM volume of 2-4 cm(3), eloquent AVM location, or a history of hemorrhage, and 2 points for having an AVM volume greater than 4 cm(3). Eighty percent of patients who had a score of 0-1 points had a favorable outcome, as did 70% who had a score of 2 points and 45% who had a score of 3-4 points. The Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale was still predictive of outcome after controlling for predictive Gamma Knife radiosurgery treatment parameters, including peripheral dose and number of isocenters, in a multivariate analysis. The Spetzler-Martin grading scale and the Radiosurgery-Based Grading Scale predicted favorable outcome, but the Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale provided the best assessment. CONCLUSIONS Gamma Knife radiosurgery can be used to achieve long-term AVM obliteration and neurological preservation in a predictable fashion based on patient and AVM characteristics.
Cardiovascular diseases in Brazil: premature mortality, risk factors and priorities for action. Comments on the preliminary results from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), 2013

SITUATION #1: UNDERSTANDING CARDIOVASCULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY IN BRAZIL 1. Mortality: Cardiovascular diseases — coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke — are the main cause of death worldwide.1 Over recent decades, Brazil has witnessed a decline in mortality rates due to CHD and stroke.2,3 However, in 2012, these diseases were the first and the third commonest causes of premature death nationwide, respectively.1 Table 14-6 shows the proportion of deaths among individuals under the age of 70 years due to all cardiovascular diseases, CHD alone and the combination of stroke and hypertensive disorders, according to sex and race, in Brazil in 2012. The proportion of premature deaths due to CHD is higher than the proportion due to stroke for both sexes and all races. Men die due to all cardiovascular events earlier than women. According to skin color/race, the chance of death under the age of 70 years is highest for black individuals, followed by mixed race and white people. To understand this picture better, so as to enable effective intervention, more information concerning morbidity and risk factors is necessary. 2. Incidence and case-fatality: The morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases can be ascertained by determining the incidence and case-fatality rates. Population-based incidence rates have been obtained from studies limited to a single city.7 Case-fatality rates are easier to obtain from the organized hospital-based registries that have been created in Brazil.8-10 These registries are helpful in determining the levels of pre-hospital care, compliance with guidelines among the medical team and, especially, quality of procedures such as thrombolytic therapy, angioplasty and coronary revascularization. In addition, data on the adherence among IMD, DrPH. Titular Professor, Discipline of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Survival of enteric bacteria and coliphage MS2 in pure human urine

Aims: The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis and coliphage MS2 was studied in stored, fresh and diluted (1 : 1) human urine at 15 and 30°C.
On‐line prediction of fermentation variables using neural networks

This article presents an introduction to the use of neural network computational algorithms for the dynamic modeling of bioprocesses. The dynamic neural model is used for the prediction of key fermentation variables. This relatively hew method is compared with a more traditional prediction technique to judge its performance for prediction. Illustrative simulation results of a continuous stirred tank fermentor are used for this comparison. It is shown that neural network models are accurate with a certain degree of noise immunity. They offer the distinctive ability over more traditional methods to learn very naturally complex relationships without requiring the knowledge of the model structure.
The association between high recreational physical activity and physical activity as a part of daily living in adolescents and availability of local indoor sports facilities and sports clubs

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine how vigorous physical activity (recreational physical activity) (VPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity as a part of daily life (MVPA) is associated with structural characteristics (availability of sports facilities and sports clubs with child members) in Greenlandic adolescents. Material and methods: Data from the 2006 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey including 2,430 children aged 11–17 years was used. Logistic regression models were developed with dichotomous measures on VPA and MVPA as outcomes, number of indoor sports facilities and of sports clubs with child members as independent variables, and adjusted for age, gender, family affluence (FAS), and type of habitation (capital, town or village). Results: High VPA increased with access to indoor facilities, while high MVPA was less likely (odds ratio (OR) 0.54 (0.42-0.70)) if indoor sports facilities were present, both unadjusted and adjusted. Access to a local sports club increased OR for high VPA both unadjusted and adjusted to about 2.3 for five or more clubs, while access to sports clubs was not associated with unadjusted MVPA, negatively associated if adjusted for age, gender and FAS but positively associated if also adjusted for indoor sports facilities. Conclusions: Access to indoor sports facilities itself had a positive association with high VPA, but was persistently negatively associated with high MVPA. Presence of sports clubs with child members was positively associated with high VPA while the association with high MVPA was more complex. The findings have implications for public health planning.