Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of reinfection with multiple strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Macaca nemestrina housed under hyperendemic conditions

A prospective bacteriologic study of 18 infant pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) housed in a nursery facility in which Campylobacter spp. are endemic was undertaken to determine the epidemiology of infection and reinfection. The isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli cultured from 8 of the 18 infants were characterized by serotyping, DNA hybridization, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles. The chronology of infection was indicative of multiple reinfections with different strains of C. jejuni and C. coli during the 12-month study of each infant. The duration of infection with a particular strain was 3 to 4 weeks. Infants were also infected with nalidixic acid-resistant campylobacters. These observations indicated that long-term infections under endemic conditions are caused by continual reinfection. C. jejuni or C. coli infection correlated with diarrhea in 5 of the 18 infants at 1 to 4 months of age.
Role of ribosomes in streptomycin-activated suppression.

devices, the mechanism of the maintenance and termination of pregnancy, and about functional myometrial disorders. The common basic regulatory mechanism of the myometrium must be thoroughly investigated before evaluating the importance of superimposed modifications. The recognition that it is fundamentally alike in the various mammalian species promises to provide order in an important field of reproductive biology where controversy and confusion have prevailed.
Resumption of menses in anorexia nervosa.

It is hard to reconcile some statements in the article on anorexia nervosa by Golden et al in the January 1997 issue of theArchives, namely, "psychogenic factors may contribute to loss of menses," 1(p 17) "one fifth of our patients experienced amenorrhea before weight loss," 1(p 20) and "we believe [hypothalamic dysfunction] is secondary to malnutrition. " 1(p 21) Certainly, the pathology in anorexia involves a sick hypothalamus; emissions from the "pulse generator" are regressed to a juvenile level, with consequent refractoriness of the pituitary and gonad; but also there can be paradoxical elaboration of non–gonad-directed hormones such as somatotropin. It does seem that the sicker the hypothalamus, the longer it takes for the restitution of menses. The question of what causes the endocrine distortions has not been answered. The article correlates nutritional improvement with endocrine recovery; it is equally important to correlate psychological improvement with nutritional and endocrine status.
Knowledge and practices related to added salt in meals by food handlers

Objectivos: Avaliar o conhecimento e preocupacoes relacionadas com a ingestao de sal e com a pratica da adicao de sal nasrefeicoes, e identificar dificuldades e predisposicao para uma possivel reducao do sal adicionado nos alimentos.Metodologia: Este estudo baseou-se nos resultados de um questionario enviado por correio para uma amostra randomizadade 100 unidades de uma empresa de restauracao colectiva, para que os manipuladores da unidade preenchessem edevolvessem os questionarios atraves de correio. A taxa de resposta foi de 70% e 68 sujeitos foram considerados aposuma rejeicao de 2 questionarios.Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos (80,3%) reconhecem o nivel maximo de ingestao de sal preconizado e 70,6% concordam com uma reducao no teor de sal adicionado as refeicoes. A maior dificuldade para a reducao do teor de sal nas refeicoes foi a opiniao do consumidor (mencionado por 79,4%). Sopas e saladas foram identificadas como melhores candidatas a uma reducao do teor de sal, por 36,4% e 18,2% dos sujeitos, respectivamente.Conclusoes: A maioria dos manipuladores tem conhecimento dos valores de ingestao de sal recomendados, e estao receptivos a uma estrategia de reducao do teor de sal na confeccao de refeicoes.
Flucht, Ankunft in Deutschland und erste Schritte der Integration

Mit einer reprasentativen Befragung von insgesamt 4 500 Gefluchteten stellen das Institut fur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamtes fur Migration und Fluchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) am DIW Berlin eine vollig neue Datengrundlage fur die Analyse der Fluchtmigration und der Integration Gefluchteter bereit. Die hier vorgelegten Befunde basieren auf dem ersten Teil der Befragung, bei der gut 2 300 Personen interviewt wurden. Erhoben werden nicht nur Fluchtursachen und Fluchtwege, Bildungs- und Erwerbsbiografien, sondern auch Werte, Einstellungen und Personlichkeitsmerkmale der Gefluchteten sowie ihre Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und das Bildungssystem. Die wichtigsten Fluchtmotive sind Angst vor Krieg, Gewalt und Verfolgung. Zudem zeigt sich, dass die Kosten und Risiken der Flucht hoch sind. Die Allgemeinbildung der Gefluchteten ist sehr heterogen. Der Anteil der Personen mit Berufs- und Hochschulabschlussen ist gering. Insgesamt zeigen die Gefluchteten jedoch hohe Bildungsaspirationen. In ihren Wertvorstellungen weisen die Gefluchteten sehr viel mehr Gemeinsamkeiten mit der deutschen Bevolkerung auf als mit der Bevolkerung aus den Herkunftslandern. Die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und in das Bildungssystem steht erst am Anfang, allerdings zeigen integrationspolitische Masnahmen erste Wirkungen.
Life‐history traits of standard and autochthonous cladocerans: I. Acute and chronic effects of acetylsalicylic acid

Pharmaceuticals have been recognized as an important group of aquatic micropollutants, mainly because of their biologically active nature. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), which is the active compound of Aspirin® and many other pharmaceuticals, is consumed in large quantities every year. Therefore, its acute and chronic effects on standard (Daphnia magna) and autochthonous (Daphnia longispina) daphnids were investigated. The results showed that ASA impaired the survivorship, reproduction, and growth of the cladoceran species. The standard daphnid was the more tolerant species in acute assays (48‐h EC50 = 1293.05 mg/L; D. longispina: 48‐h EC50 = 647.31 mg/L); whereas the autochthonous daphnid seemed to be more resistant under chronic exposure to ASA, mainly its population‐level traits. Despite this, the observed effect concentrations were much higher than the environmental concentrations of ASA. Notwithstanding this, the impairment of individual‐level traits is likely to occur at environmental levels as an ultimate response to long‐term exposure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 518–526, 2004.
An Evaluation of Reported No-Effect Chrysotile Asbestos Exposures for Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Numerous investigators have suggested that there is likely to be a cumulative chrysotile exposure below which there is negligible risk of asbestos-related diseases. However, to date, little research has been conducted to identify an actual “no-effect” exposure level for chrysotile-related lung cancer and mesothelioma. The purpose of this analysis is to summarize and present all of the cumulative exposure-response data reported for predominantly chrysotile-exposed cohorts in the published literature. Criteria for consideration in this analysis included stratification of relative risk or mortality ratio estimates by cumulative chrysotile exposure. Over 350 studies were initially evaluated and subsequently excluded from the analysis due primarily to lack of cumulative exposure information, lack of information on fiber type, and/or evidence of significant exposures to amphiboles. Fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were found where lung cancer risk was stratified by cumulative chrysotile exposure; four such studies were found for mesothelioma. All of the studies involved cohorts exposed to high levels of chrysotile in mining or manufacturing settings. The preponderance of the cumulative “no-effects” exposure levels for lung cancer and mesothelioma fall in a range of approximately 25–1000 fibers per cubic centimeter per year (f/cc-yr) and 15–500 f/cc-yr, respectively, and a majority of the studies did not report an increased risk at the highest estimated exposure. Sources of uncertainty in these values include errors in the cumulative exposure estimates, conversion of dust counts to fiber data, and use of national age-adjusted mortality rates. Numerous potential biases also exist. For example, smoking was rarely controlled for and amphibole exposure did in fact occur in a majority of the studies, which would bias many of the reported “no-effect” exposure levels towards lower values. However, many of the studies likely lack sufficient power (e.g., due to small cohort size) to assess whether there could have been a significant increase in risk at the reported no-observed-adverse-effects level (NOAEL); additional statistical analyses are required to address this source of bias and the attendant influence on these values. The chrysotile NOAELs appear to be consistent with exposure-response information for certain cohorts with well-established industrial hygiene and epidemiology data. Specifically, the range of chrysotile NOAELs were found to be consistently higher than upper-bound cumulative chrysotile exposure estimates that have been published for pre-1980s automobile mechanics (e.g., 95th percentile of 2.0 f/ cc-yr), an occupation that historically worked with chrysotile-containing friction products yet has been shown to have no increased risk of asbestos-related diseases. While the debate regarding chrysotile as a risk factor for mesothelioma will likely continue for some time, future research into nonlinear, threshold cancer risk models for chrysotile-related respiratory diseases appears to be warranted.
A Study on Energetic Efficiency of Coil Antennas Used for RF Diathermy

Plane-geometry single- and multileaf coil antennas fed by radio-frequency (RF) generators are frequently used to produce electric currents and therapeutic ohmic heating in sub- cutaneous fat and muscle tissues by electromagnetic induction. In particular, the butterfly (two-leaf) configuration has been regarded as a high-efficiency geometry for diathermy purposes. The aim of this letter is to prove by numerical simulation that any multileaf coil is significantly less efficient than the round one and that, in general, efficiency worsens with increasing the number of leaves. Simulation results show that for a given power density to be deposited in the tissue, replacing a single leaf with a multileaf structure causes an increase of energy consumption by at least 20%.
Prevalence of sulfite reducing Clostridium species in barbecued meat in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Objective : The study aimed to determine the prevalence of sulfite- reducing Clostridium species in beef meat cooked and sold in streets and in public restaurants in Abidjan. Methodology and results: A total of 395 samples of beef meat were collected from eight municipalities of Abidjan. Sampling consisted of collecting of three types of ready to eat meat namely, cooked kebabs, cooked steaks and meats cooked in sauce. The isolated 222 (56.2%) strains of sulfite-reducing Clostridium species in all the samples analyzed. Four species were identified at different isolation frequencies, 13% (81) for Clostridium perfringens , 20.5% (27) for Clostridium difficile, 21.2% (91 strains) for Clostridium sporogenes and 23% for Clostridium septicum . With regard to the efficiency of various types of cooking, the results showed that 31.9% of 395 analyzed samples were not adequately cooked. Conclusion and applications of results : It is concluded from this study that barbecued meat is a risk factor for Clostridium infection for the consumers in Abidjan. The cooked kebabs are the most contaminated products and should be avoided particularly by children and immuno-compromised persons. Measures to increase hygiene and awareness and improved handling and cooking of products should be promoted to reduce or eliminate the risks identified.
Global Distribution of Ionizing and Recombining Plasmas in the Supernova Remnant G290.1$-$0.8

We report on the Suzaku results of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant (SNR) G290.1$-$0.8 (MSH 11-61A). The SNR has an asymmetric structure extended to the southeast and the northwest. In the X-ray spectra of the center and the northwest regions, we discover recombining plasma features with the strong Si Ly$\alpha$ and radiative recombination continuum at $\sim$ 2.7 keV. These features are the most significant in the northwest region, and the spectra are well-reproduced with a recombining plasma of $kT_{\rm e} = 0.5$ keV. Whereas the spectra of other regions are expressed by an ionizing plasma of $kT_{\rm e} = 0.6$ keV. The recombining plasma has over-solar abundances, while the ionizing plasma has roughly solar abundances. Hence they are likely ejecta and interstellar medium (ISM) origin, respectively. The recombining plasma in the northwest of G290.1$-$0.8 would be generated by a break-out of the supernova ejecta from a high density circumstellar medium to a low density ISM.
A Dialogue on the Costs and Benefits of Automatic Stays for Derivatives and Repurchase Agreements

For nearly two years, the two of us have had a running discussion of the costs and benefits of automatic stays in bankruptcy for qualified financial contracts (QFCs) such as derivatives and repurchase agreements, particularly those held by systemically important major dealer banks. Under current U.S. bankruptcy law, these contracts are exempted from the automatic stay. The advantages and disadvantages of this treatment have been a matter of significant debate for the past decade, particularly since the 2008 crisis. After some background on QFCs and automatic stays, we provide our joint analysis of the costs and benefits of stays on the QFCs, with a focus on systemically important financial institutions, including the special case of central market utilities. Following this, we state our respective policy conclusions. Briefly speaking, we both believe that repos (and certain closely related QFCs) that are backed by liquid securities should be exempt from automatic stays, or receive an effectively similar treatment. Repos backed by illiquid assets, on the other hand, should not be given this safe harbor. We both believe that derivatives that have not been centrally cleared should be subject to automatic stays. One of us believes that stays should also apply to cleared derivatives. The other author favors an exemption of cleared derivatives from stays, except in the case of a failure of a regulated central clearing party.
Investigating the impact of Facebook use on cancer survivors' psychological well-being

Rapid growth of Social Network Sites (SNSs) use by cancer survivors makes it important to examine whether there is a relationship between the use of these online communities and cancer survivors’ psychological well-being. This article poses the question of how the Facebook use as the most popular SNS, may impact cancer survivors’ psychological well-being. To answer this question a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted in information systems and health disciplines has been undertaken and a theoretical model is proposed. This study is expected to contribute to the existing knowledge base through the development of a new theoretical model which introduces and explains the ways that SNS use may impact cancer survivors’ psychological well-being. It provides important information on the health-related SNSs use and is envisioned to assist health care organizations and cancer survivors to use SNS as an e-health application.
Combined effect of Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma aureoviride on lettuce growth promotion

Plant growth promotion by microorganisms may be a viable alternative to increase lettuce production through pathogens control and nutrients absorption increase. Trichoderma and Pseudomonas genus are examples of widely studied microorganisms with the capacity to promote plant growth. However, there are still gaps regarding the action of the combined effect of these two microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of Pseudomonas sp. UAGF14 and Trichoderma aureoviride URM5158 on the development of lettuce plants. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments: CONT (control), CM (soil with organic fertilization), CMB (soil with organic fertilization and Pseudomonas sp.), CMF (soil with organic fertilization and T. aureoviride), and CMFB (soil with organic fertilization, Pseudomonas sp. and T. aureoviride), with ten repetitions. At 30, 40 and 60 days after sowing, the following parameters were analyzed: plant and canopy height and number of leaves. At 60 days after emergence, shoot dry matter, leaf area, root dry matter, root length and chlorophyll were analyzed. Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymatic activity were determined. The CMFB treatment had the highest means of lettuce growth promotion, confirming the synergistic effect of the combination of the two microorganism types, as it increased height, canopy, shoot and root dry matter, and chlorophyll levels compared to CONT, although did not differ from CM in some variables. Enzymatic activity was also influenced by the action of these microorganisms combined, evidencing by polyphenol oxidase increase. The CMFB or CM were efficient in promoting lettuce growth, showing positive response to the plant morphological and physiological characteristics. However, few responses were observed in lettuce plant growth in the first cycle evaluated after 60 days, compared CM and CMFB treatments, but both treatments showed superiority in lettuce plant growth submitted to CONT treatment. Therefore, further studies are needed to estimate the long-term effects of combined effect of Pseudomonas sp. UAGF14 and T. aureoviride URM5158 on crop productivity in field conditions.
Idiopathic Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis

Objectives: To report and compare patients’ experiences with acquired subglottic stenosis (AS) versus idiopathic subglottic and tracheal stenosis (ISTS). Methods: A survey was made available to patients with AS and ISTS. Results were analyzed for inter- and intragroup differences using a 2-tailed t test. Results: The study included 160 survey participants (AS n = 28; ISTS n = 132), with a predominance of female participants (82% AS, 98% ISTS). Acid reflux was the most prevalent comorbidity across groups (42%-43%). A significant difference in time to diagnosis was found between groups, with 32% of AS patients diagnosed within 3 months of symptom onset, compared to 2% with ISTS. A diagnosis delay greater than 18 months occurred for 58% of ISTS patients. There was no difference in treatment approach, with the most common treatment being balloon dilation, followed by laser dilation. Tracheal resection was performed in 36% of patients in both groups. Patient satisfaction with surgical outcomes was significantly higher after tracheal resection (76%) compared to other treatment modalities (39%). Conclusions: ISTS remains a diagnostic challenge as highlighted by the delay in diagnosis compared to AS. There appears to be no historical or symptomatic factors specific to ISTS. Additionally, patients report increased satisfaction and symptom resolution after tracheal resection.
Associations of HIV infection with insulin and glucose levels in antiretroviral-naïve Rwandan women: a cross-sectional analysis

Objectives The purpose of these analyses was to determine the associations of HIV infection and related immune dysfunction with a glucose homeostasis in the population of antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women. We hypothesise that insulin resistance and its consequences in the developing countries may be further elevated with HIV infection itself regardless of antiretroviral therapy. Study design Cross-sectional analysis of a longitudinal cohort. Setting Community-based women's associations. Participants In 2005, 710 HIV-infected (HIV positive) antiretroviral naïve and 226 HIV-uninfected (HIV negative) women were enrolled in the Rwanda Women's Interassociation Study and Assessment (RWISA). Clinical and demographic parameters, CD4 count, fasting insulin and glucose levels, anthropometric measurements and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) were obtained. Linear models were fit to log-transformed Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) with results exponentiated back to a multiplicative effect on the original scale. Primary outcome measures The outcome, insulin resistance, was measured by the HOMA, calculated as fasting insulin (μU/mL)×fasting glucose (mmol/L)⁄22.5. Results In adjusted models, HIV-positive women were less insulin resistant than HIV-negative; an HIV-positive woman tended to have 0.728 times as much (95% CI 0.681 to 0.861) HOMA than a comparable HIV-negative woman. Among the HIV-positive women, those with CD4 <200 cells/µL tended to have 0.741 times as much HOMA (95% CI 0.601 to 0.912) as did comparable women with CD4 >350 cells/µL. The older age was independently associated with a lower HOMA insulin resistance. After adjusting for body mass index, fat and fat-free mass were not independently associated with HOMA. Conclusions This study found that HIV infection and more advanced HIV infection (CD4 counts <200 cells/µL) were associated with greater insulin sensitivity in antiretroviral naïve African women. These findings provide baseline information for the interpretation of future studies on the effect of antiretroviral therapy on metabolic insulin sensitivity derangements in African population.
Segregation of the V804L mutation and S836S polymorphism of exon 14 of the RET gene in an extended kindred with familial medullary thyroid cancer

In multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC), the majority of germline mutations are restricted to specific positions in exons 10 and 11 of the RET gene. However, germline mutations may very occasionally occur in other exons, including exon 14 of the RET gene. Interestingly, an increased frequency of a rare germline sequence variant of the RET exon 14, S836S, has been detected in patients with sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and this variant has been proposed to play a role in the genesis of MTC and, perhaps, FMTC. In this study we report the segregation of a germline V804L mutation and a germline sequence variant S836S in exon 14 of the RET gene in an extended Hungarian FMTC kindred comprising 80 individuals of four generations. Molecular analysis of the RET gene was performed by direct DNA sequencing in 23 family members, of whom 12 had the V804L mutation, three had the V804L mutation and S836S polymorphism in separate alleles, and six had the S836S polymorphism, all in heterozygous forms. Two of the family members had neither mutation nor polymorphism of the RET gene. Three of the family members who had the V804L mutation and one member who could not be tested for mutation were operated for non‐metastatic MTC, while one member with MTC who had the V804L mutation refused surgery. In all patients affected with MTC, the disease developed relatively late in life and never caused death. None of the other family members carrying the V804L mutation and/or the S836S polymorphism had clinical or biochemical evidence of MTC. These observations suggest that the co‐existence of the V804L mutation and S836S polymorphism in separate alleles does not seem to aggravate the relatively low‐risk disease phenotype characteristic in most patients with codon 804 mutations of the RET exon 14.