Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The neuroprotective mechanisms and effects of sulforaphane

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables. It has been shown to have many protective effects against many diseases, including multiple types of cancer. SFN is a potent activator of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response element (ARE) genetic pathway. Upregulation of Nrf2-ARE increases the availability of multiple antioxidants. A substantial amount of preclinical research regarding the ability of SFN to protect the nervous system from many diseases and toxins has been done, but only a few small human trials have been completed. Preclinical data suggest that SFN protects the nervous system through multiple mechanisms and may help reduce the risk of many diseases and reduce the burden of symptoms in existing conditions. This review focuses on the literature regarding the protective effects of SFN on the nervous system. A discussion of neuroprotective mechanisms is followed by a discussion of the protective effects elicited by SFN administration in a multitude of neurological diseases and toxin exposures. SFN is a promising neuroprotective phytochemical which needs further human trials to evaluate its efficacy in preventing and decreasing the burden of many neurological diseases.
Efficient remote homology detection

We propose an effcient multi-class classiffcation algorithm for remote homology detection (RHD). Unlike methods that treat RHD as a set of binary classiffcation tasks, our algorithm solves a single multiclass classiffcation problem by incorporating information about classwise correlations among the proteins using joint kernel functions. Furthermore,the proposed method leads to notable reduction in computational time compared to binary classiffcation algorithms. We evaluate our method on the Structural Classiffcation of Proteins database and show that performance is better or comparable to several state-of-theartalgorithms for protein classiffcation and remote homology detection.
An Effective Framework for Human Body Pose Estimation using K-Best Viterbi Search Method

This paper presented a case study of how to integrate virtual reality (VR) technology with geographical information system (GIS) for the simulating the soil erosion process in Dongzhen reservoir of Fujian province, China. The research work was divided into three parts: (1) building a three dimension simulated environment of the whole reservoir area with remotely sensed image SPOT5 and digital elevation model (DEM) driven from contour relief map, and (2) modeling the soil erosion process and visualizing the dynamic process on a computer, and (3) predicting the father evolution of erosion process via changing the affecting factors and visualizing the future scenario of the reservoir area. After introducing the profile of research site, we presented simulating reservoir project which based on the l/RGIS is bringing forward. And the spatial information visualization of reservoir area is also implemented. Take the Dongzhen reservoir of Fujian province as the typical case, the environment condition and basin status around the reservoir area is simulate for display based on the VRGIS technology, the 3d simulation scene of soil and water erosion status and dam is build by the project of water and soil conservation simultaneity. Through this method, combined the integration of flood analysis feature and 3D spatial, using the special function of GIS in spatial data processing and analysis, the unite of data and graph of monitor and predict system of water and soil erosion is also realized, the scientific characteristic of monitor and prediction of water and soil erosion is also strengthened, provide a reliable information source for reducing the harm of water and soil erosion.
Assessment of the Possible Role of FOXP3 Gene (rs3761548) Polymorphism in Psoriasis Vulgaris Susceptibility and Pathogenesis: Egyptian Study

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune-related chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is the most common form of psoriasis. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are typically considered inhibitors of autoimmune responses. FOXP3 is a master control transcription factor for development and function of Tregs. FOXP3 gene polymorphism changes FOXP3 protein function and quantity leading to Tregs dysfunction that subsequently may be related to PV pathogenesis. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of FOXP3 gene (rs3761548) polymorphism in PV pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty subjects were included in the present study (80 PV patients and 80 well-matched healthy controls). All participants were evaluated by detailed history, general examination, dermatological examination, and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. The detection of FOXP3 gene (rs3761548) polymorphism in patients and controls by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was done. Results: There was statistically significant increase in CC genotype and C allele in patients compared to controls, whereas there were non-significant differences in AA and AC genotypes. However, there were non-significant associations between genotype distribution and each of age, sex, family history, PASI score, hair affection, nail affection, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index. Conclusion: FOXP3 gene (rs3761548) polymorphism may increase susceptibility of PV and share in its pathogenesis as it leads to changes in FOXP3 protein function and quantity that subsequently affect T-regs functions. Further investigations for the role of other FOXP3 genes polymorphisms in psoriasis pathogenesis and their effects on the treatment response in psoriasis patients are strongly recommended.
Impact of body mass index on cognitive function among young adults

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognition is the mental action on the process of acknowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and sense. A glowing body of literature is binding that being overweight (OW) or obese (O) has an effect on cognition as well as on physical functioning. A better understanding of this relationship could help target psychological services and public health strategies more effectively. The aim of the present study was to find out the impact of body mass index (BMI) on cognitive function among young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A convenient sample of 300 participants aged between 18 and 24 years was selected for the study. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were taken. After that, BMI was calculated for all participants and participants were divided into two groups: Group A (normal BMI, n = 150) and Group B (OW/O, n = 130). Twenty students were excluded from the study because of their underweight. Rest of the participants (n = 280) were asked to performed Rey Verbal Auditory Learning test (RVALT), Stroop test, and Trail Making test A and B. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Unpaired t-test was used to find out a significant difference in cognitive functions among two groups. RESULTS: It was found that cognition score (all three tests) obtained by normal BMI group was higher than score obtained by OW/O group (RVALT: P<0.0001, Stroop test: P<0.0001, Trail Making Test: Part A: P < 0.04 and for Part B: P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that high BMI individuals have lower cognitive functions.
Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in A Spontaneous Pregnancy with Normal Singleton Fetus: A Case Report

Most cases of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) are associated with the use of exogenous gonadotropins for the induction of multiple oocytes. However, OHSS is rarely associated with a spontaneous ovulatory cycle in women with multiple gestations, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, or molar pregnancies. Herein, we report a case of OHSS in a woman with spontaneous pregnancy, without any underlying diseases or risk factors. The clinical findings showed abdominal pain, nausea, dyspnea, and amenorrhea. After imaging and laboratory tests, the final diagnosis was established. The patient was managed successfully without any complications. In conclusion, although spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation is a rare condition, physicians should be able to diagnose this condition. In fact, early diagnosis and successful management can potentially prevent serious complications, which are likely to develop rapidly in patients.
Pattern of alcohol consumption and its associated morbidity among alcohol consumers in an urban area of Tamil Nadu

Introduction: In India, though the prevalence of alcohol consumption is low, nearly half of the alcoholic consumers fall into the category of hazardous drinking. There have been rapid changes in the trends and pattern of alcohol use in India. Aims: The study was carried to find out the pattern of alcohol consumption, associated morbidities, and its association with related factors in an urban area of Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done among adult males >18 years of age in Kancheepuram district Tamil Nadu. Among the 400 study participants selected by simple random sampling, 156 were found to be alcohol consumers. A pre-tested structured questionnaire and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to identify the pattern of alcohol consumption and the associated health morbidities. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results: It was found that 67% of alcohol consumers had a problematic drinking pattern with 52.5% having a hazardous/harmful drinking pattern and 14.7% were found to be dependent alcoholics. The associated factors of problem drinking among the alcohol consumers were illiteracy, having a history of tobacco use, being unmarried/divorced and consuming alcohol in wine shops. The health morbidities that were found to be associated with alcohol consumption were hypertension, gastritis/peptic ulcer disease, and psychiatric illnesses. Conclusion: More than half of the alcohol consumers had a problematic drinking pattern, which is an alarming public health problem. All the current drinkers in a community have to be screened for problematic drinking pattern and it has to be supplemented with referral services, health promotion, behavioral change communication to the alcohol consumer, and his family members.
Coverage survey of Measles-Rubella mass vaccination campaign in a rural area in Tamil Nadu

Background: In Tamil Nadu, where health indicators are above the national average and routine immunization coverage is >95%, the tepid response to Measles-Rubella (MR) mass vaccination campaign was unexpected. Several parents refused MR vaccine for their children, due to false news claiming inefficiency and adverse effects due to the vaccine. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the Measles-Rubella (MR) mass vaccination coverage and to know the motivating factors and barriers for vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area immediately following the mass vaccination campaign. Using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, data was collected on awareness of MR vaccination campaign, MR vaccination status, motivating factors and reasons for non-acceptance of the vaccine. Results: Vaccine coverage among the 616 children surveyed was 80.2%. Factors that motivated acceptance of vaccine among the immunized participants were easy access to immunization (85%), support and motivation from school teachers (41.1%) and community level health workers (25.5%). Barriers reported among the unimmunized participants were rumours of adverse effects (47.5%), fear of adverse effects (53.3%), and no faith in immunization (18.9%). Risk factors for vaccine refusal included female child (OR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.1-2.6), Children not attending school (OR = 3.32, 95%CI = 2.1-5.1), Mothers with higher education (OR = 4.3, 95%CI = 1.2-15.2). Conclusion: An effective communication strategy addressing the needs and concerns of the public/parents should be in place and started early on before initiation of the mass vaccination programme.
Humanitarian well-being: Addressing the intimate partner to promote humanitarian well-being, a literature review

Humanitarians are critical players in alleviating suffering worldwide. As a result of their willingness to put themselves in challenging, often dangerous environments, humanitarians are at high risk for negative mental health outcomes. Addressing humanitarian mental health effectively must consider the well-being of the intimate partner. The paper reviews the literature on humanitarian mental health, the protective nature of social support, the relevance of the intimate partner as a provider of social support, and outcome research on interventions that increase social support through the inclusion of the intimate partner. This paper draws comparisons between military and humanitarian intimate partners and provides information on the military’s research and programming as a model for humanitarian organisations to consider. One of the most effective ways to improve humanitarian mental health is to increase the well-being of the intimate partner and intimate relationship. Key implications for practice The humanitarian context can lead to high levels of poor mental health outcomes. Humanitarian distress and attrition has a negative impact on an organization′s mission effectiveness and bottom-line. One of the most effective ways to improve humanitarian mental health is to increase the well-being of the intimate partner and intimate relationship.
Pragati Pustak – A parent-oriented screening tool for identification of developmental delay in children till 2 years of age

INTRODUCTION: To empower the parents to detect developmental delay in the early stage of a child's life, a community-oriented tool was developed. This tool primarily aimed at helping parents of children till 2 years of age to monitor the development of their child and if there is any red flag signs which indicated that the child needs health care. Early identification of this delay is important in reducing the complications and its related morbidity and disability. METHOD: Twelve villages around the institute were covered wherein the parents of children till 2 years of age were contacted by a team of physiotherapy and were provided with this Pragati Pustak. It is a card on which information about normal developmental milestones is provided along with the red flag signs in the pictorial format. Information about the use of this tool was provided. RESULT: Parents found it easy to use this card and were comfortable in using the card. Physiotherapy team identified 49 children with developmental delay during their visit to these villages. These children were then treated in the institute for their developmental delay. CONCLUSION: Pragati Pustak is an effective tool which can be used by parents effectively to monitor developmental milestones of their child.
On the use of computerised decision aids : an investigation into the expert system as persuasive communicator

The results of this study show that an expert system is a persuasive message source and that users tend to follow the advice of an expert system without critically examining it. Accordingly, users will probably not notice when an expert system gives incorrect advice. These facts comprise a serious problem, because expert systems can make mistakes and have been developed on the implicit assumption that the user will judge the applicability of the expert system's advice. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986a, 1986b), a social psychological theory of persuasion, helps to explain what makes people accept or reject advice. The theory posits that people evaluate messages by either careful examination of the message (the central route to persuasion) or by using simple decision rules without actually studying the message (the peripheral route to persuasion). It is the latter behaviour that can lead users to misjudge the advice of an expert system. An expert system is a computer program that can solve a restricted set of problems using specific knowledge of these problems. Chapter 2 provides a description of an expert system and gives insight into the limitations of expert system advice. An expert system has a knowledge base, an inference engine, and an interface. The knowledge base contains the knowledge model that the inference engine uses to deduce the advice. Knowledge acquisition, the obtaining and construction of the expert system's knowledge model, is the most difficult part of expert system design (Waern, 1989). Some of the problems of knowledge acquisition are the definition and restriction of the knowledge domain, the limitations of models, the consideration of different experts' opinions, and the use of common sense knowledge. As a result, the expert system's knowledge model is probably incomplete and possible incorrect. Consequently, an expert system ought not be treated as an oracle (Boden, 1990). It is an advisory decision aid and the user should evaluate the applicability of its advice. Adequate explanation facilities and a user friendly interface are necessary to provide the user with sufficient information to to be given to the expert system, and the user should do the actual problem solving. That is, expert systems should be designed as a tool for decision making in which its user is critically placed in the centre of the decision making process.
Comparative Study to Determine the Prevalence and Socio-Cultural Practices of Infertility in Rural and Urban Field Practice Area of Tertiary Care Hospital, Vijayapura, Karnataka

Background: Infertility is an iceberg phenomenon where the majority of couples are undiagnosed. The main challenge in estimating the actual burden of infertility is the paucity of population-based studies. Various sociocultural practices such as believing infertility as curse and seeking healing from supernatural powers are still predominant in the community. Hence, the present study was undertaken to know the prevalence and sociocultural practices of infertility in field practice area. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban field practice areas of tertiary care hospital. A complete enumeration of all the houses was done to list all the eligible couples residing in the area; among them, those at risk of pregnancy were identified so as to find out couples with either primary or secondary infertility. Data were tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS software version 16. The results were expressed in terms of percentages, and Fisher's exact test was used wherever applicable. Results: The prevalence of infertility in rural area was 7.6% and in urban slum, it was 8.8%. Most of them think infertility as a result of past sins and practice unscientific methods to overcome the problem. Conclusion: Infertility stigma is high and there is no proper knowledge about infertility, fertile period and most of them think it as result of past sins.
Congenital heart disease in neonates: Their clinical profile, diagnosis, and their immediate outcome

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in approximately 0.6%–0.8% of live births. Early recognition of CHD is important for appropriate management and decision-making regarding referral. The purpose of this study was to document the common presenting symptoms and signs in the neonates with CHD, definitive diagnosis, and their outcome. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted prospectively in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G.B Pant Children Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, GMC Srinagar, from January 2016 to January 2018. Echocardiography screening of all neonates suspected of having CHD was done. Details of all neonates having CHD diagnosed by echocardiography were noted in the prescribed pro forma and their incidence, clinical profile, and outcome were studied. Results: Totally 529 cases of CHD diagnosed by echocardiography in the neonatal period were studied, out of which 280 were male and 259 were female (male:female = 1.12:1). 382 (72.2%) had acyanotic CHD and 147 (27.7%) had cyanotic CHD (CCHD). Among the acyanotic CHD, the most common CHD was ventricular septal defects (n = 170, 32.1%), and among cyanotic group, d-transposition of great arteries was most common (n = 41, 7.75%). Majority of CCHDs were diagnosed in 1st week of life (n = 50, 34.01%) and most of the neonates with acyanotic CHD were diagnosed in the 4th week of life (n = 207, 39.1%). The most common presenting problem of neonates was fast breathing 230 (43.4%) followed by feeding difficulty 110 (20.77%), cyanosis 91 (17.2%), shock manifested as decreased urine output (n = 43, 8.1%), 43 neonates (8.1%) had cyanosis along with fast breathing, and 32 neonates (6.04%) presented with murmur only. Sixty neonates (40.8%) with CCHD expired within the neonatal period. Conclusion: Neonates with CHD have a unique presentation and they carry a poor outcome unless diagnosed early and managed appropriately. Infants presenting with multiple anomalies should be screened for any underlying structural heart disease. High index of suspicion is very important as many neonates with CHD are asymptomatic initially.
Assessment of family physicians’ awareness and knowledge of familial hypercholesterolemia in governmental hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited and complex multifactorial disease that can lead to early onset of coronary artery disease (CAD). Diagnosis, treatment, and management of FH require a well-trained physician with high awareness of the disease and different risk factors to avoid complications. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated family physicians' awareness and knowledge of FH using self-administered questionnaires in governmental hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during 2018. Results: A total of 225 family physicians completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 58.4%. The mean age of respondents was 31.3 years and more than 59.1% were men. Although 72.4% of physicians rated their familiarity with FH as average and above, 48.4% of all participants had poor FH knowledge, while only 51.6% had acceptable FH knowledge. About 65.8% of physicians reported that they routinely take a detailed family history, perform a physical examination, and screen close relatives. Awareness of various clinical algorithms for diagnosis of patients with FH was very low at 52.0%. The mean FH knowledge and familiarity scores were significantly higher (P < 0.001) among participants who were older, had higher training levels, or longer years in practice. Conclusions: The current study revealed significant deficits in FH familiarity, awareness, knowledge, and practice among Saudi physicians. FH educational programs directed at all physicians involved in FH patients' management are necessary to improve physicians' knowledge of all aspects of FH management, including the importance of a mechanism for identifying people at risk for a genetic condition by a process of systematic family tracing.