Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Spatial Ability According to Mental Rotation Test at SKF and YBL

Abstract The Mental Rotation Test (MRT) is one of the tests to survey the spatial ability. In this article we make an attempt to measure the spatial abilities of the students of wood industrial engineering and industrial design engineering of the Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, Wood Sciences and Applied Arts (SKF for short) of the University of West Hungary and compare the results with the architects students of the Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering of the Szent István University. The paper aims to compare the results with respect to the scores and mainly the improvement based on new examination aspects. The article concludes that the small differences in the students’ developments of spatial ability in the two institutions can be caused by the difference in Descriptive Geometry courses
On the convergence of closed-loop Nash equilibria to the mean field game limit

This paper continues the study of the mean field game (MFG) convergence problem: In what sense do the Nash equilibria of $n$-player stochastic differential games converge to the mean field game as $n\rightarrow\infty$? Previous work on this problem took two forms. First, when the $n$-player equilibria are open-loop, compactness arguments permit a characterization of all limit points of $n$-player equilibria as weak MFG equilibria, which contain additional randomness compared to the standard (strong) equilibrium concept. On the other hand, when the $n$-player equilibria are closed-loop, the convergence to the MFG equilibrium is known only when the MFG equilibrium is unique and the associated "master equation" is solvable and sufficiently smooth. This paper adapts the compactness arguments to the closed-loop case, proving a convergence theorem that holds even when the MFG equilibrium is non-unique. Every limit point of $n$-player equilibria is shown to be the same kind of weak MFG equilibrium as in the open-loop case. Some partial results and examples are discussed for the converse question, regarding which of the weak MFG equilibria can arise as the limit of $n$-player (approximate) equilibria.
Anaesthesia in sheep and goats

Polly Taylor graduated from Cambridge in 1976 and worked in general practice. She then worked in the department of clinical veterinary medicine at Cambridge as assistant anaesthetist. She obtained her diploma in veterinary anaesthesia in 1980. She moved to the Animal Health Trust in 1983 to carry out clinical work and research in anaesthesia. In 1989 she was awarded a PhD from Cambridge University for her thesis investigating stress responses to anaesthesia in horses. She continues to work at the AHT where the anaesthetic group is growing in number. The group carries out research and looks after an ever increasing clinical load of horses and small animals.
Dissociable Neural Subsystems Underlie Abstract and Specific Object Recognition

Participants named objects presented in the left or right visual field during a test phase, after viewing centrally presented same-exemplar objects, different-exemplar objects, and words that name objects during an initial encoding phase. In two experiments, repetition priming was exemplar-abstract yet visual when test objects were presented directly to the left cerebral hemisphere, but exemplar-specific when test objects were presented directly to the right cerebral hemisphere, contrary to predictions from single-system theories of object recognition. In two other experiments, stimulus degradation during encoding and task demands during test modulated these results in predicted ways. The results support the theory that dissociable neural subsystems operate in parallel (not in sequence) to underlie visual object recognition: An abstract-category subsystem operates more effectively than a specific-exemplar subsystem in the left hemisphere, and a specific-exemplar subsystem operates more effectively than an abstract-category subsystem in the right hemisphere.
Automatic Inference of Sound Correspondence Patterns Across Multiple Languages

Sound correspondence patterns play a crucial role for linguistic reconstruction. Linguists use them to prove language relationship, to reconstruct proto-forms, and for classical phylogenetic reconstruction based on shared innovations. Cognate words which fail to conform with expected patterns can further point to various kinds of exceptions in sound change, such as analogy or assimilation of frequent words. Here we present an automatic method for the inference of sound correspondence patterns across multiple languages based on a network approach. The core idea is to represent all columns in aligned cognate sets as nodes in a network with edges representing the degree of compatibility between the nodes. The task of inferring all compatible correspondence sets can then be handled as the well-known minimum clique cover problem in graph theory, which essentially seeks to split the graph into the smallest number of cliques in which each node is represented by exactly one clique. The resulting partitions represent all correspondence patterns which can be inferred for a given dataset. By excluding those patterns which occur in only a few cognate sets, the core of regularly recurring sound correspondences can be inferred. Based on this idea, the paper presents a method for automatic correspondence pattern recognition, which is implemented as part of a Python library which supplements the paper. To illustrate the usefulness of the method, we present how the inferred patterns can be used to predict words that have not been observed before.
Extensive bloom of a N2-fixing diatom/cyanobacterial association in the tropical Atlantic Ocean

We encountered an extensive bloom of the colonial diatom Hemiaulus hauckii along a 2500 km cruise track off the NE coast of South America in autumn 1996. Each diatom cell contained the heterocystous, N 2 -fixing cyanobacterial endosymbiont Richelia intracellularis. Surface Richelia heterocyst (and filament) densities increased from 10 6 heterocyst 1 -1 in the bloom. Total abundance ranged from 10 6 heterocyst m -2 outside the bloom to over 10 10 heterocyst m -2 within the bloom. Rates of primary production averaged 1.2 g C m -2 d -1 , higher than typical for oligotrophic open ocean waters. N 2 fixation during the bloom by the Richelia/Hemiaulus association added an average of 45 mg N m -2 d -1 to the water column. The relative importance of NH 4 + uptake over the course of the bloom increased from 0 to 42% of total N uptake by the Hemiaulus/Richelia association. N 2 fixation by Richelia exceeded estimates of 'new' N flux via NO 3 diffusion from deep water and, together with additional N 2 fixation by the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium, could supply about 25 % of the total N demand through the water column during the bloom. Suspended particles and zooplankton collected within the bloom were depleted in 15 N, reflecting the dominant contribution of N 2 fixation to the planktonic N budget. The bloom was spatially extensive, as revealed by satellite imagery, and is calculated to have contributed about 0.5 Tg N to the euphotic zone. Such blooms may represent an important and previously unrecognized source of new N to support primary production in nutrient-poor tropical waters. Furthermore, this bloom demonstrates that heterocystous cyanobacteria can also make quantitatively important contributions of N in oceanic water column environments.
Status of the Fermilab muon (g − 2) experiment

The New Muon (g–2) Collaboration at Fermilab has proposed to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, aμ, a factor of four better than was done in E821 at the Brookhaven AGS, which obtained aμ = [116592089(63)] × 10−11 ±0.54 ppm. The last digit of aμ is changed from the published value owing to a new value of the ratio of the muon-to-proton magnetic moment that has become available. At present there appears to be a difference between the Standard-Model value and the measured value, at the 3 standard deviation level when electron-positron annihilation data are used to determine the lowest-order hadronic piece of the Standard Model contribution. The improved experiment, along with further advances in the determination of the hadronic contribution, should clarify this difference. Because of its ability to constrain the interpretation of discoveries made at the LHC, the improved measurement will be of significant value, whatever discoveries may come from the LHC.
A New Look at $F$-Tests

Directional inference for vector parameters based on higher order approximations in likelihood inference has recently been developed in the literature. Here we explore examples of directional inference where the calculations can be simplified. It is found that in several classical situations the directional test is equivalent to the usual $F$-test. These situations include testing the ratio of group variances and rates from normal and exponential distributions, linear regression with a linear constraint and Hotelling's $T^2$-test.
Information Functions of the Generalized Partial Credit Model

The concept of information functions developed for dichotomous item response models is adapted for the partial credit model. The information func tion is explained in terms of the model parameters and scoring functions. The relationship between the item information function and the item response function also is discussed. The informa tion function then is used to investigate the effect of collapsing and recoding categories of polytomously-scored items of the National Assess ment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The NAEP writing items were calibrated and the item and test information is used to discuss desirable properties of polytomous items.
DOC-2 / DAB 2 interactive protein regulates proliferation and mobility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting PI 3 K / Akt pathway

Tumor suppressors are a group of important inverse regulators for carcinogenesis in human cancers including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) has been found to be a novel tumor suppressor in malignancies. However, the expression and biological function of DAB2IP in NPC have not been previously reported. This study found that the levels of DAB2IP were decreased in NPC tissues compared to non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues. In addition, downregulation of DAB2IP mRNA was confirmed by qRT-PCR in NPC cell lines as compared with a human immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69. The reduced expression of DAB2IP was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage. DAB2IP low expressing NPC patients showed a notable reduced overall survival and disease-free survival. Functionally, DAB2IP restoration prohibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in both 5-8F and CNE-2 cells. Moreover, DAB2IP overexpression restrained the subcutaneous growth and lung metastasis of NPC cells in nude mice. Mechanically, DAB2IP overexpression repressed the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and subsequently reduced the expression of its downstream targets including cyclin D1 and matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7), which were identified as critical regulators for growth and metastasis of NPC. The Akt inhibitor MK-2206 showed similar effects to DAB2IP overexpression on growth and metastasis of 5-8F cells. Thus, DAB2IP suppresses growth and metastasis of NPC probably by targeting PI3K/Akt pathway, and may act as a hopeful therapeutic target for NPC.
Characterising the big pieces of Lipschitz graphs property using projections

We characterise the big pieces of Lipschitz graphs property in terms of projections. Roughly speaking, we prove that if a large subset of an $n$-Ahlfors-David regular set $E \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ has plenty of projections in $L^{2}$, then a large part of $E$ is contained in a single Lipschitz graph. This is closely related to a question of G. David and S. Semmes.
Growing syntactic structure and code-mixing in the weaker language: The Ivy Hypothesis

We present a hypothesis for a specific kind of code-mixing in young bilingual children, during the development of their two first languages, one of which is considerably weaker than the other. Our hypothesis, which we label the Ivy Hypothesis, is that, in the interaction meant to be in the weaker language, the child uses portions of higher syntactic structure lexically instantiated in the stronger language combined with lower portions in the weaker language. Code-mixing patterns were studied in five Swedish-French/Italian children aged 2–4. The parts of the code-mixed utterances reflected as much syntactic structure of each language as was used in monolingual utterances in the same recording of each child. This uneven development, which is due to different amounts of input of the two languages, can be accounted for by assuming that syntactic structure is acquired by building each language from the bottom up through lexical learning.
Citizen Scientists Document Parasitism Patterns over Broad Spatial and Temporal Scales

American Entomologist • Volume 58, Number 1 T. A. Kursar, and P. D. Coley. 2007. Host specificity of Lepidoptera in tropical and temperate forests. Nature 448:696-6U9. Dyer, L. A. , T. R. Walla, H. F. Greeney, J. O. Stireman, and R. F. Hazen. 2010b. Diversity of Interactions: A Metric for Studies of Biodiversity. Biotropica 42:281-289. Gentry, G. , and L. A. Dyer. 2002. On the conditional nature of neotropical caterpillar defenses against their natural enemies. Ecology 83:31083119. Miller, J. S. 2009. Generic Revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Parts 1 and 2: Josiini. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Miller, J. S. and P. Thiaucourt. 2011. Diversity of prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) in the cloud forests of northeastern Ecuador, with descriptions of 27 new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. In press. Pearson, C. V. , T. J. Massad, and L. A. Dyer. 2008. Diversity cascades in alfalfa fields: From plant quality to agroecosystem diversity. Environmental Entomology 37:947-955. Richards, L. A. , L. A. Dyer, A. M. Smilanich, and C. D. Dodson. 2010. Synergistic effects of amides from two Piper species on generalist and specialist herbivores. Journal of Chemical Ecology 36:1105-1113. Rodríguez-Castañeda, G. , L. A. Dyer, G. Brehm, H. Connahs, R. E. Forkner, and T. R. Walla. 2010. Tropical forests are not flat: how mountains affect herbivore diversity. Ecology Letters 13:1348-1357. Smilanich, A. M. , L. A. Dyer, J. Q. Chambers, and M. D. Bowers. 2009. Immunological cost of chemical defence and the evolution of herbivore diet breadth. Ecology Letters 12:612-621. Stireman, J. O. , L. A. Dyer, D. H. Janzen, M. S. Singer, J. T. Li, R. J. Marquis, R. E. Ricklefs, G. L. Gentry, W. Hallwachs, P. D. Coley, J. A. Barone, H. F. Greeney, H. Connahs, P. Barbosa, H. C. Morais, and I. R. Diniz. 2005. Climatic unpredictability and parasitism of caterpillars: Implications of global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102:17384-17387. Wagner, D. L. , D. F. Schweitzer, J. B. Sullivan, and R. C. Reardon. 2011. Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press. 576 pp. In press.
Thermal and chemical degradation of inorganic membrane materials. Final report, August 1992--May 1995

SRI International conducted a theoretical and experimental program to evaluate the long-term thermal and chemical degradation of inorganic membranes that are being developed to separate the gaseous products of coal gasification. A variety of developmental efforts are underway, including a number of projects sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), to improve the selectivity and permeability of porous inorganic membranes. DOE is also sponsoring efforts to extend the use of metallic membranes to new applications. Most developmental efforts have focused on hydrogen separation by inorganic membranes, which may be used to maximize hydrogen production from coal gas or to remove H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3} contaminants via thermal or catalytic decomposition in integrated-gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) systems. Inorganic membranes that have a high separation efficiency and exhibit both thermal and chemical stability would improve the economics of power generation from coal. Membrane materials that have been investigated include glass (silica), alumina, carbon, and metals (Pd and Pt). This report describes inorganic membrane materials, long term membrane exposure tests, membrane permeation tests, coal gasifier exposure tests, conclusions, and recommendations.
Guide Lines for Wet AMD Treatment

Purpose: To give practical guide lines for the management of neovascular AMD Methods: To evaluate the above-mentioned item based on recently published data. Results: Although many therapeutic modalities have been employed for neovascular AMD treatment, yet anti-VEGFs are still the best line of treatment. Conclusion: Although anti-VEGFs are up till now the best line of treatment for nAMD yet a knowledge of how to use them with or without other modalities is very important to get the best therapeutic results.
Measuring the Safety Effect of Raised Bicycle Crossings Using a New Research Methodology

Before-and-after study methodology was developed and applied to evaluating the effect on bicyclists’ safety of raising urban bicycle crossings by 4 to 12 cm. In total, 44 junctions were reconstructed in this way in Gothenburg, Sweden. Four of these were studied in detail. Before the implementations, bicyclists were riding either in the roadway or on separate paths parallel to the roadway. The paths then ended with short ramps or curb cuts at each cross street, and bicyclists used nonelevated, marked bicycle crossings, similar to pedestrian crosswalks but delineated by white painted rectangles rather than zebra stripes. The results show that the paths with raised crossings attracted more than 50 percent more bicyclists and that the safety per bicyclist was improved by approximately 20 percent due to the increase in bicycle flow, and with an additional 10 to 50 percent due to the improved layout. However, the increased bicyclist volume means that the total number of bicycle accidents is expected to increase. Besides accident analysis, the change in risk was estimated using four different methods: surveys of bicyclists and experts, respectively; conflict data; and a quantitative expert model. Using a Bayesian approach for combining the results shows that the most likely effect of raising the bicycle crossing is a risk reduction of around 30 percent, compared with the before situation with a conventional bicycle crossing. Motorists and pedestrians also saw safety benefits from this traffic-calming measure.
Bipartite Atlas –A Rare Entity, a Study of Its Incidence in North Indians

Copyright: © the author(s), publisher. Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is an Official Publication of “Society for Health Care & Research Development”. It is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, colour and drying characteristics of date fruit dried with different methods

Date slices were dried with the three drying methods convective (60, 70 and 80 °C), microwave (120 W) and freeze drying to determine drying characteristics and to compare the dried fruit quality. All colour parameters changed depending on the drying method and colours closest to the fresh sample were obtained with freeze drying. It is interesting to note that the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in each sample rose when looked at in relation to the fresh sample. In particular, microwave-dried samples were recorded as having the highest total phenolic content and the highest antioxidant capacity. To explain the drying kinetics of the date slices, nine thin-layer drying models were also attempted. Based on statistical tests, the model developed by Midilli et al. model was found to be the best model for convective and microwave drying, but the Two Term model was the best for freeze drying. This study shows that microwave drying can produce high quality date slices with the additional advantage of reduced drying times compared to convective and freeze drying.
Animal models of hematogenous Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in long bones: a review

Correspondence: Louise Kruse Johansen Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Tel +45 2216 5332 Email louise-k@sund.ku. dk Abstract: Hematogenous osteomyelitis (HO), especially due to Staphylococcus aureus, is primarily reported in children and occurs when blood-borne bacteria settle in the metaphysis of a long bone and mediate an inflammatory response. The literature contains several reports on animal models aiming to simulate pediatric HO, in order to investigate the pathogenesis and for therapeutic use. In these models, osteomyelitis lesions develop subsequently to bacteremia, which can be induced by either intravenous or intra-arterial inoculation of bacteria. Intravenous inoculation is not optimal because of the ethical aspects of the extensive systemic reaction and the unpredictable identity of bones being infected. Also, intravenous inoculation often has to be combined with the induction of artificial bone necrosis in order to have macroscopic lesions. In contrast, models based on intra-arterial inoculation and subsequent development of local osteomyelitis, are the most accurate and predictable way to extrapolate to pediatric cases of HO. The most commonly used animal species for modeling of HO are rabbits, chickens, and mice, whereas, less frequently, dogs, rats, and pigs have been applied. The use of intra-arterial inoculation, without simultaneous artificial bone necrosis for the development of HO lesions has only been used in porcine models. Because of the similarity of human and porcine physiology, metabolic rate, and size, porcine models of HO are advantageous. Therefore, porcine models based on the intra-arterial induction of osteomyelitis are the most refined HO models.