Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active tectonics, paleoseismology, and seismic hazards of the Hollywood fault, northern Los Angeles basin, California

Data from geotechnical boreholes and trenches, in combination with geomorphologic mapping, indicate that the Hollywood fault is an oblique, reverse–left-lateral fault that has undergone at least one surface-rupturing earthquake during latest Pleistocene to middle or late Holocene time. Geomorphologic observations show that the fault extends for 14 km along the southern edge of the eastern Santa Monica Mountains, from the Los Angeles River westward through downtown Hollywood to northwestern Beverly Hills, where the locus of active deformation steps 1.2 km southward along the West Beverly Hills lineament to the Santa Monica fault. Rupture of the entire Hollywood fault, by itself, could produce a M w ∼ 6.6 earthquake, similar in size to the highly destructive, 1994 Northridge earthquake, but even closer to more densely urbanized areas. Assuming a 0.35 mm/yr minimum fault-slip rate consistent with available geologic data, we calculate an average maximum recurrence interval for such moderate events of ≤∼4000 yr. Although occurrence of such moderate events is consistent with the elapsed time since the poorly constrained age of the most recent surface rupture, the data do not preclude a longer quiescent interval suggestive of larger earthquakes. If earthquakes much larger than M w ∼6.6 occurred in the past, we speculate that they may have been generated by the Hollywood fault together with other faults in the Transverse Ranges Southern Boundary fault system.
Analysis and Cell-Level Experimental Verification of a 25 kW All-SiC Isolated Front End 6.6 kV/400 V AC-DC Solid-State Transformer

Solid-state transformers (SSTs) could serve as interfaces between a medium-voltage (MV) AC grid and a low-voltage (LV) DC load or source, i. e. , could be employed in applications with power supply character such as traction auxiliary supplies or rack-level power supplies in future datacenters. For handling the high input-side AC voltage and output side current, SSTs are typically realized as input-series output-parallel (ISOP) arrangements of multiple converter cells, whereby each cell comprises a medium-frequency isolation stage. This paper presents such a multi-cell 25 kW all-SiC MVAC-LVDC SST (6.6 kV AC to 400 V DC) based on the isolated front end (IFE) approach, which is an interesting alternative to the isolated back end (IBE) configuration mainly discussed in literature so far. The IFE concept is briefly explained, the main component stresses are derived, and a converter cell prototype is designed and tested. The 5 kW prototype cell features a power density of 1.5 kW/l (24.6 W/in3) and a measured peak efficiency of 97.5%. This is significantly higher than previously published data for IFE-based SSTs, and in the same range as what has been reported recently for industrial IBE-based SSTs. Thus, this paper confirms that the IFE approach can be a feasible and interesting alternative for realizing MVAC-LVDC SST systems with low complexity.
Beliefs which legitimize political violence against the innocent

This article analyses the arguments and beliefs published in a newspaper with links to a terrorist group, in an attempt to legitimize the kidnapping and murder of an innocent victim. Widespread public outcry against this act of brutality led the newspaper to create a version of the facts which attempted to reduce their emotional impact and maintain a positive image of the aggressive group. The methods used included: the attribution of responsibilities to the enemy, depersonalization of the victim, and an asymmetric evaluation of suffering.
Supporting EFL Reading Comprehension by Using of KB-Mapping Method and Analysis of Cognitive Process

〔論文審査の要旨〕 本論文では,英文読解支援に対するキットビルド概念マップの活用とその認知プロセス の分析の結果が述べられている。 第1章で,外国語としての英語学習の困難さと,その困難さに対する ICT活用の一つの アプローチとしてのキットビルド概念マップの適用の可能性,およびその適用の有効性の 検証の必要性が述べられている。 第2章では,外国語としての英語学習における英文読解に対してこれまでに行われてい る様々な学習支援の試みを紹介し,この中で,ICT活用の重要性と,特に概念マップを用 いた学習支援の可能性が示されている。 さらに,他の手法とキットビルド概念マップを用 いた手法の違いを分析している。 第3章では,英文読解支援の方法として最も一般的に用いられている選択的下線引き手 法を用いた場合と,キットビルド概念マップを用いた場合の比較実験とその結果について 報告されている。 実験の結果として,それぞれの方法を用いた読解活動を行った直後の理 解度テストのスコアにおいては両者の手法の違いは見られなかったが,2 週間後に行った 遅延テストにおいては有意差が見られたことから,選択的下線引きに対するキットビルド 概念マップの優位性が示された。 第4章では,ICTを活用したより高度な方法としていくつかの試みが行われているスク ラッチビルド概念マップの作成活動を行う場合とキットビルド概念マップの作成を行う場 合の比較実験について述べている。 結果として,この比較においても直後の理解度テスト では違いは見られなかったが,遅延テストにおいてはキットビルド概念マップを用いた場 合に成績が有意に高くなった。 このことから,キットビルド概念マップの優位性が示され た。 第5章では,被験者のマップ作成活動を追跡・比較することで,キットビルド概念マッ プが有効である理由を調査した。 結果として,スクラッチビルド概念マップの場合には, マップの作成が読解対象文章の文の順序に沿って行われていたのに対して,キットビルド においては,文の順序とは異なる順序でのマップの作成が行われていた。 これは,文章の 全体的理解の促進を示唆する結果であり,キットビルド概念マップの有効性の理由づけが 行えたといえる。 第6章で,これらの一連の研究をまとめ,キットビルド概念マップの活用が英文読解の 支援に有効であることを結論付けている。 以上,審査の結果,本論文の著者は博士(工学)の学位を授与される十分な資格がある ものと認められる。
Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation Prognostic Significance of Exercise-induced Right Ventricular Dysfunction

American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 1941-9651. Online ISSN: 2013 Copyright © Avenue, Dallas, TX 72514 Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112. 000162 2013;6;167-176; originally published online January 28, 2013; Circ Cardiovasc Imaging Kenya Kusunose, Zoran B. Popovic, Hirohiko Motoki and Thomas H. Marwick Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation Prognostic Significance of Exercise-induced Right Ventricular Dysfunction in http://circimaging.ahajournals. org/content/6/2/167.full on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located
Function spaces of BMO and Campanato type

To obtain the Littlewood-Paley characterization for Campanato spaces L 2, modulo polynomials (which contain as special case the John and Nirenberg space BMO), we define and study a scale of function spaces on R n . We discuss the real interpolation of these spaces and some embeddings between these spaces and the classical spaces. These embeddings cover some classical results obtained by Campanato, Strichartz, Stein and Zygmund.
Effect of calorie labeling on menu selection: a preliminary study in Santiago, Chile

El 62% de la poblacion chilena presenta sobrepeso (dato OMS). Publicar calorias en menus de restaurantes podria ayudar a controlar este problema. El objetivo fue estudiar el efecto de la entrega de informacion calorica en la eleccion de almuerzos tipicos. La metodologia tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con encuesta on line de diseno transversal, estructurada, con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, y con escala tipo Lykert. Se obtuvo 227 respuestas validas. Los encuestados seleccionaron un almuerzo de 3 elementos, antes y despues de exponer informacion calorica. Los resultados mostraron que el 49% de los encuestados reduce en promedio 292 kcal, (39,2% del total de calorias en menu) al considerar la informacion calorica. Nuestros resultados sugieren que aproximadamente para la mitad de los encuestados, la informacion fue util en la seleccion de menu. Esta informacion podria ayudar a profesionales de la Salud a crear conciencia, facilitando a los consumidores elecciones mas saludables.
R HYTHM METRICS OF SPONTANEOUS SPEECH AND ACCENT IN J APANESE AND E NGLISH

The rhythm class hypothesis is an attempt to classify the human impression of language rhythm based on the concept of isochrony, which posits that language rhythm underlies the regulation of a particular unit re-occurring at regular intervals [1]. The present study provides an experimental evaluation of rhythm metrics between read and spontaneous speech in Japanese and English. Researchers, such as Ramus et al. [2] and Grabe & Low [3], have proposed rhythm metrics by adapting Dauer’s [4] notion that phonological and phonetic factors modulating structures of syllables contribute to the perception of different language rhythms. Two types of rhythm metrics have been proposed, ‘global’ and ‘local’ metrics. Global metrics reveal the overall durational variability of segments in utterances, e.g., %V—the relative proportion of vowels [2], and VarcoV—the standard deviation of vocalic intervals divided by the mean of vocalic intervals and multiplied by 100 [5]. Local metrics, on the other hand, capture durational differences of consecutive vocalic and consonant intervals, e.g., nPVI V—the mean difference of successive vocalic intervals divided by their sum and multiplied by 100, see Eq. (1), and rPVI C—the mean difference of successive consonant intervals, see Eq. (2) [3].
Bayesian Applications in Financial Econometrics

Bayesian Applications in Financial Econometrics Qiao Yang Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Economics University of Toronto 2016 This thesis consists of three chapters in Bayesian financial econometrics. The three chapters apply both Bayesian nonparametric and parametric methods to financial market and macroeconomic time series. Chapter 1 extends popular discrete time short-rate models to include Markov switching of infinite dimension. This is a Bayesian nonparametric model that allows for changes in the unknown conditional distribution over time. Applied to weekly U.S. data we find significant parameter change over time and strong evidence of non-Gaussian conditional distributions. Our new model with an hierarchical prior provides significant improvements in density forecasts as well as point forecasts. We find evidence of recurring regimes as well as structural breaks in the empirical application. Chapter 2 studies the joint dynamic behaviour between stock market returns and real economic growth rates. Their relationship is an important empirical question in finance and macroeconomics. This chapter investigates their linkage by proposing a vector autoregressive infinite hidden Markov model. Our model has two advantages over the existing approaches in the literatures. In contrast to Markov switching models with fixed states, our model will learn the number of states from the data rather than fixing it a priori. The vector autoregressive setting in our model allows the joint time series of stock market returns and real growth rates to share the same unobserved state variable. Compared to existing models, our model shows significant improvements in out-of-sample density forecast accuracy. This paper demonstrates the predictive power of stock market
Fatal fires: fire-associated homicide in Australia, 1990-2005

The use of fire in homicide can involve a fire as a direct weapon to commit homicide, or to conceal homicide. It can involve the additional crime of arson, the act of deliberately setting fire to property. Analysis shows that, while homicide trends over this period have declined, the proportion of fire-associated homicides has increased significantly; a trend which has also been observed overseas. This paper examines the involvement of fire, either directly or indirectly, in the commission of homicide in Australia. The term fire-associated homicide refers to victims of homicide where the primary cause of death is fire-related (e.g. burns, smoke inhalation, toxic gases), as well as homicide victims with some other cause of death, where the incident involved arson or post-mortem burning of the victim. This report identifies key differences in the characteristics of offenders and victims between these two forms of homicide. The increasing proportion of fire-associated homicide justifies continued monitoring of this phenomenon over time.
Contextual Causes of Implicature Failure

Theoretical and empirical research on quantity implicature has concurred that pragmatically strengthened, richer readings are not available when they are not relevant to the discourse purpose. However, this claim relies on an appeal to a notion of “relevance” that has proved difficult to make precise. In this article I discuss and contrast two potential contributory factors to relevance: adherence to the Question Under Discussion, and form-based priming effects. The former can be considered to operate at a relatively high level of analysis, from the speaker's perspective, and influences the semantic content that the speaker should be attempting to convey, whereas the latter is assumed to reflect low-level psychological preferences and influences the form of words that the speaker should use. I argue that pragmatics, and specifically implicature, constitutes a useful testbed for distinguishing these effects—the availability of an implicature can be used as an indicator that a particular stronger alternative would also have been an acceptable utterance, whereas its unavailability suggests that the stronger alternative would not necessarily have been acceptable. I discuss recent experimental data from this perspective and argue that both Question Under Discussion and priming effects are customarily at play. I conclude by exploring the implications of this for our view of pragmatics and its interfaces.
THE PARASITE‐HOST RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENCARSIA FORMOSA (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) AND TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE)

Analysis of the searching behaviour of Encarsia formosa showed that this parasite was not able to locate its individual hosts (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) from a certain distance. In addition, quantitative data on sizes and numbers of hosts of each stage present on the leaf parts under observation, and the number of contacts the wasp made with these showed that the host‐searching behaviour of E. formosa on a leaf is random. Since, moreover, the distribution of the hosts over the leaf is random too, the number of hosts parasitized per unit of time is entirely dependent on the walking speed of the parasite and the number and sizes of the hosts present.
Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition: Learning New Vocabulary from Reading Silently and Listening to Stories Read Aloud.

The purpose of this study was to determine if third-grade students could learn vocabulary incidentally through silent reading and by listening to stories read aloud as well as which method would produce the greater gain. Students listened to and read silently a total of 16 stories over the course of 8 weeks. Pretest and posttest scores on multiple choice vocabulary tests were compared to see if an increase in vocabulary occurred. Results indicated that students learned a significant amount of vocabulary through both methods, although a much greater gain was seen through listening to stories read aloud. (Contains 53 references, 8 tables, and a figure of data. Appendix contains data and sample questions from pretests and posttests.) (Author/RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition: Learning New Vocabulary from Reading Silently and Listening to Stories Read Aloud By: Jacqueline Henderson III Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Master of Arts Degree in Reading Specialization U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Kean University
The effects of entity and incremental views of ability and goal orientation on performance

This review assesses the implications of implicit views of ability; comparing the belief that intelligence is a stable, unchangeable trait (an entity view) with the belief that it is a repertoire of skills that can be expanded upon with learning and practice (an incremental view). Links between views of ability and goal orientation are examined, focusing on social comparison goals (where the primary aim is to vindicate one's ability in the eyes of other people) and mastery goals (where the primary aim is to achieve a criterion level of performance). A social.cognitive model examining these associations is assessed and the behavioural consequences of endorsing each of the fore~mentioned views of ability are highlighted. Links between views of ability and confidence in ability, attributional tendencies, as well as gender and age differences are also explored. Research suggests that people holding an incremental view of ability are more likely to pursue mastery goals resulting in more adaptive learning patterns, greater persistence and feeling challenged by failure. While people holding entity views are more likely to subscribe to social comparison goals resulting in less adaptive behaviours, such as decreased persistence. Further research assessing the extent to which experimental findings are generalisable to naturalistic settings is advised, as well as the role of persistence as it relates to views of ability and goal choice.
Chicken embryo utilization of egg micronutrients

IntroductionAvian embryos develop and grow from energy and nutrients storedin the egg by the hen. In this sense, breeder male contribution is notimportant. Follicular deposition of nutrients occurs over a wide range oftime, but becomes relevant during the week prior to ovulation. Amounts,but also forms, of nutrients deposited in the egg determine success ofembryo development and hatching of a healthy chick. To support theembryo during incubation, oxygen is the only nutrient not derived fromthe egg; however, adequate oxygen concentrations in the surroundingair and its free passage through well-established shell membraneporosities are essential. Developmental limitations and embryo mortalityare aggravated when any inadequacy in these conditions prevail.Macroscopically, the fertile egg has three components: shell, yolk,and albumen. Specific nutrients are mobilized by the embryo from eachof these parts. These typically have expected compositions, which arenotably affected by the hen’s nutrition.After oviposition, the egg may be submitted to changes due to inovo injection using the vaccination equipment routinely used inhatcheries. However, these injections are limited to small amounts, andpreferably done with more available forms of micronutrients. Researchon this matter is recent and usually directed to metabolic interventions,such as the role of substances which stimulate or mediate enzymetranscription.Egg ReservesMacroscopically, the egg is a simple structure with three majorcomponents (shell, albumen, and yolk), demonstrating uniquecharacteristics and playing specific roles during incubation. It is generallyagreed that each egg is built with a complete capacity to produce aperfect new organism. However, due to several reasons, this is notalways the case. In general, the composition of macromolecules in eggsis more constant than those elements usually found in a lower proportion,such as micronutrients. Since all egg constituents derive from the hen’sorganism, metabolic transformation of the hen’s feed is needed toobtain adequate embryo development and viable chicks at hatching.Egg shells consist of two main components: a matrix of protein fibersand col umns of calcium carbonate crystals in a proportion of 1:50 (Romanoff& Romanoff, 1949). A glycoprotein layer, the cuticle, covers the crystalsurface, and it is the last egg component to be deposited before oviposition.The cuticle has three main functions: prevention of excessive water loss(Peebles & Brake, 1986), protection from microbial infection (Roussel et al.,1988), and termination of calcite crystal growth (Dennis et al., 1996). Theshell matrix presents two regions: a mammillary region, connected to theouter shell membrane protein fibers, and a spongy one, associated to calcitecrystals deposited in layers on the mammillary matrix (Simkiss, 1968).
DO RISK ATTITUDES DIFFER WITHIN THE GROUP OF ENTREPRENEURS? (SUMMARY)

The notion of risk and entrepreneurship has been widely discussed in the entrepreneurship literature. Starting a business involves risk and requires a risk-taking attitude. Most studies have com-pared entrepreneurs with non-entrepreneurs such as managers or bankers. So far, little research exists on the risk attitudes of different types of entrepreneurs. This study aims to fill this gap. Our particular focus is on the entrepreneurs’ motivations to start their business. The results show that opportunity entrepreneurs are more willing to take risks than necessity entrepreneurs. In addition, entrepreneurs who are motivated by creativity are more risk-tolerant than other entrepreneurs. The study contributes to the literature about risk attitudes of entrepreneurs and to the literature about necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship.
Evolution and Geological Significance of Holocene Emerged Shell Beds on the Southern Coastal Zone of Sri Lanka

Assemblance of bivalve and univalve molluskan shells occur due to the eustatic and tectonic changes as well as by coastal hazards. They are a geoscientitic tool in the study of former sea-levels. Along the southern coast of Sri Lanka, the bulk of the shell valves on the "Dry Zone" between Tangalle and Bundala have been piled up by severe storm wave action on mounds, in lagoon and lake bottoms, on sand dunes and headlands. Furthermore, the shell valves of lagoon, lake and channel beds (floors of marine and brackish pools) mostly accumulated in situ due to the lowering of sea level. The deposition sequences of some shell patches of the mounds at Udamalala and on dune deposits help to infer that the valves have been discarded by early inhabitants and animals. The stratigraphy of the shell deposits had been intermittently covered by vast quantities of coral and/or shelly sand and various types of debris moved by severe monsoon waves. The colour and the materials of the shell layers show that they are subjected to local weathering conditions. Well-polished, oval-shaped stone artifacts, stone balls, human and animal bones as well as pottery fragments mixed with these shell beds are of archaeological interest.
Japanese vocabulary development in and beyond study abroad: the timing of the year abroad in a language degree curriculum

This article reports the results of a study of vocabulary development by learners of Japanese during a year abroad in Japan. The particular feature of this study is that it compares the performance of two cohorts, studying at the same UK university and in degrees in Japanese in which the period of study abroad (SA) is undertaken at different points of the degree – in Year 2 and Year 3 respectively. Their performance is compared at three points in time: before and after the period of SA, and one year after return. The group going to Japan at a lower proficiency level (i.e. SA in Year 2) appears to benefit more in terms of absolute gains, although the two groups appear to perform rather similarly when their potential gains (i.e. gains against the test's ceiling) are considered. The two groups’ gains in the year following the SA are considerably smaller than during the period abroad but are remarkably similar to each other; however, these gains take place at different instructional levels. The implications for the timing of periods of SA are discussed.
Comparison of soil texture determined by two dispersion units of Mastersizer 2000

Comparison of soil texture determined by two dispersion units of Mastersizer 2000 The comparison of particle size distributions measured by sedimentation methods and laser diffraction shows the underestimation of the fine (clay) fraction. This is attributed mainly to the shape of clay particles being different than spherical. The objective of this study was to demonstrate differences in the results of particle size distributions of soils determined with the method of laser diffraction using two different dispersion units of the Malvern Mastersizer 2000.