Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Person-Centred Activity Program on a Sub-Acute Inpatient Dementia Ward

Abstract Aim: This study explored the impact of a person-centered activity program for sub-acute inpatients with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in a 15-bed secure wing of a sub-acute metropolitan hospital ward in Australia. Using convenience sampling, patients presenting with delirium or dementia exhibiting BPSD were considered for inclusion. Activity programs were implemented with data collected through observation of behavioral incidences, pre- and post-implementation. Results: Participants were observed over two stages of five weeks (n = 30 pre-intervention, n = 29 post-intervention). The mean age of participants pre-intervention was 80.3 years (SD 15.01) and post-intervention was 85.5 (SD 6.99). There was a 26% decrease of ‘overall’ behaviors with a statistically significant reduction in ‘physical’ behaviors (i.e. agitation, restlessness) post-intervention reported as 54% (p = .01). Conclusion: A person-centered activity program can be successfully implemented on a dementia/delirium specific inpatient ward with the reduction of BPSD incidence.
Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations and risk of vaso-occlusive complications in sickle cell disease: A meta-analysis through the lens of nephrology

Introduction: Hemolysis is a fundamental feature that contributes to hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications in sickle cell disease (SCD). Factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A mutations are the most common genetic thrombophilia. Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the relationship between FVL or prothrombin G20210A and susceptibility of vaso-occlusive complications (VOC) in SCD. Patients and Methods: For this meta-analysis, eligible studies were retrieved via two systematic searches performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. The keywords used in the former search included ‘sickle cell anemia’, ‘SCD’, ‘Factor V Leiden’ and ‘G1691A (rs6025) mutation, the letter using the keywords ‘sickle cell anemia’, ‘SCD’, ‘prothrombin, and ‘G20210A (rs1799963). Results: The final number of studies included was 10 about SCD-VOC and FVL (total patients with VOC 1086 and without VOC 933), and 6 about SCD-VOC and prothrombin G20210A mutation (total patients with VOC 609 and without VOC 674). Meta-analysis in fixed effect model showed that mutant genotypes (GA+AA vs. GG) of the FVL mutation was found to be higher in SCD patients with VOC than in SCD patients without VOC (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.24–5.08; P < 0.001). However, the distribution of prothrombin G20210A mutation in SCD patients with or without VOC is similar (OR, 0.900; 95% CI, 0.51–1.59; P = 0.717). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis establishes that the FVL mutation as a high-penetrant risk factor for VOC in SCD patients, whereas the prothrombin G20210A is not associated with the risk of VOC in SCD patients. To further validate the clinical utility of these prothrombotic mutations in SCD patient, large scale and prospective studies in diverse populations are warranted.
The life expectancy of dental restorations placed within the general dental services in England and Wales.

This study measured the distribution of the interval between placement and next intervention on the same tooth for direct restorations of teeth in the General Dental Services of the NHS in England and Wales between January 1991 and December 2002. Three different sets of treatment data covering the period were used, involving over 1.3 million restorations. Standard and modified Kaplan-Meier, and three different cross-sectional techniques were used to estimate empirical survival curves, and Cox-regression was used to model the relationship with risk factors associated with the dentist, the patient, geographical location, time, tooth position and type of restoration and cavity. Overall, median survival was slightly more than eight years from placement to re-intervention. The rates of survival without intervention after one year, five years and ten years were, respectively, 89%, 62% and 46%. Key risk factors associated with survival were type of cavity, tooth position, patient age, patient treatment history and patient attendance history. The underlying baseline function of the Cox-regression analysis was closely modelled by both a Weibull and a cubic function. The robustness of the findings was demonstrated by a full replication of the eleven-year analysis using a completely separate fourth sample from the DPB’s data archive.
Conservation agriculture systems.

Abstract Despite positive trajectories in global production during the last century, projected food demand and limits on our ability to further expand cropland now dictate an increase in food production by roughly 70% during the first half of the twenty-first century. Conventional systems of agriculture with their general emphasis on intensive soil disturbance, limited biodiversity, monoculture cropping and practices that mine the resource base are extractive and have resulted in slow yet demonstrably severe environmental degradation that ultimately jeopardizes food security for future generations. Because future gains in production are unlikely to be achieved by further increases in genetic yield potential, as have been achieved in the past, applications of new production system paradigms are going to be indispensable. Our existing ones are no longer able to compensate for, nor reverse, the environmental problems they have caused. We summarize the history of how agricultural systems have come to be what they are today and identify ways in which these systems will need to be improved to meet future food security challenges. We describe the development of food production system options that have been proposed in recent decades and show that the core principles and concepts of what are widely regarded as conservation agriculture (CA) systems provide an important unifying framework. Our chapter provides evidence for why these systems, when flexibly applied and in ways that mimic natural ecosystems, provide a best-bet approach for moving forward. We highlight a series of examples of CA systems being applied around the world and conclude by issuing a call to action aimed at developing and more widely adopting food production systems that look long-term, mimic natural systems and transcend jargon.
A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Geriatric Dermatoses in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India

Introduction: Geriatric dermatoses are one of the most common reasons for day-to-day consultation in the elderly. Over the past few years, understanding of the pathophysiology of skin changes in the geriatric age group has improved and has paved the way for better therapeutic options. There are only a few studies conducted in India about the geriatric dermatoses. This article reviews the various physiological and pathological changes of aging, dwelling on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the pathogenesis of aging skin thus better understanding of this emerging branch in dermatology leading to enhance resource management for elderly population. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out on 500 consecutive patients aged 60 years and above in Department of Dermatology of a Tertiary care hospital of Northern India after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 500 patients studied with male to female ratio of 1.4, wrinkles followed by cherry angiomas were the most common physiological cutaneous manifestations, and infective dermatoses followed by allergic contact dermatitis were the most common pathological conditions seen. Few rare cases were also seen during the study such as cutis marmorata, delusion of parasitosis, and sweet syndrome in case of acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion: Geriatric dermatology is an emerging branch in dermatology, and an update on this, will go a long way to effectively manage these patients. A thorough knowledge of the epidemiology as well as gender distribution of dermatological diseases in geriatric population in the tertiary care hospital will help in assessing health status and health care needs related to skin for better allocation of resources, distribution of material and manpower, and help health care providers in better decision-making resulting in higher clientele satisfaction.
Level of serum uric acid in patients with preeclampsia compared to controls and its relation to feto-maternal outcome

Background: Uric acid is the final product of the purine metabolism in humans. The two final reactions in its production which catalyze the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the latter to uric acid are catalyzed by the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase. The role of uric acid in the progression of prediabetes to diabetes has been known. Serum uric acid has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. The present study was done to see the level of uric acid in preeclampsia and healthy pregnant controls, to relate serum uric acid results to the severity of hypertension and its relation to fetomaternal outcome in patients attending OPD at RMC Ajmer.Methods: 100 cases of preeclampsia of age group between 20-40 year and gestational age ≥28 weeks and 100 normal healthy women with similar gestational age and age group were included in the study and maternal serum uric acid was estimated in both groups.Results: Mean serum uric acid levels in preeclampsia was 7.65±081 mg/dl and 3.21±072 mg/dl in control group. Perinatal complication was more in case group, 74 % were preterm compared to 11% in control group. Mean birth weight in study group was 2.07 kg, of which 24% babies were VLBW 52% were LBW, and 24% babies had normal birth weight, in control group mean birth weight was 2.82 kg. The difference was found to be statistically signiﬁcant (p value 0.001). In the study group, the MSUA concentration is found higher in LBW and VLBW babies compared to normal birth weight babies.Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between SUA & severity of preeclampsia, and a signiﬁcant adverse fetal outcome is observed with raised MSUA in preeclamptic patients.
Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Effects on Physical and Mental Health of Slovak School Children

ETS exposure has been shown as an important environmental risk factor in vulnerable population groups. The aim of the project is to analyze the relationships among the ETS and behavior and health in 6−15-year-old children in Slovakia. The status of physical and mental health of children in relation to exposure to tobacco smoke was examined in the representative group of 1,478 school children. The methods used, included anonymous questionnaires filled in by parents, Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS), Behavior Problem Index (BPI) and anthropometry. The prevalence of passive smoking is the highest in the capital (27%) and southern cities. Significant relationships have been confirmed between ETS and the age, socio-economic status, the incompleteness of the family, the level of mother's education and the significantly higher prevalence of respiratory diseases (26.7%). The relationships of ETS with emotional (CIS scores ≥16) and behavioral functions (BPI score ≥14) were significant in children exposed to mother‘s and father‘s smoking at home. In the multivariate analysis this association was not significant; the factors such as income and completeness of the family were dominant. The results confirmed the impact of ETS and social factors on health state and health behavior and could be the argumentation for legislative changes.
Study of in-hospital outcome in acute myocardial infarction in correlation with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score

Background: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score is purportedly an integral score for mortality risk prediction in fibrinolysis-eligible patients with STEMI. Attempt was made to evaluate the same by correlating risk stratification by TIMI score with hospital outcome of such patients.Methods: There were 145 cases of STEMI were studied and TIMI risk scores were calculated and analysed vis-à-vis various relevant parameters. The patients were divided into three risk groups: ‘low-risk’, ‘moderate-risk’ and ‘high-risk’ based on their TIMI scores. All patients received routine anti-ischemic therapy and were thrombolysed subsequently, monitored in ICCU and followed during hospital stay for occurrence of post-MI complications.Results: There were 79 patients (54.5%) belonged to low-risk group, 48 (33.1%) to moderate-risk group and 18 (12.4%) to high-risk group according to TIMI risk score. The mortality (total 17 deaths) was observed to be highest in the high-risk group (55.6%), followed by moderate-risk (12.2%) and low-risk group (1.28%) respectively. Out of the 7 potentially suspect variables studied, Killips classification grade 2-4 had the highest relative risk (RR-15.85), followed by systolic BP <100mmHg (RR- 10.48), diabetes mellitus (RR- 2.79) and age >65 years (RR- 2.59). Conclusions: The TIMI risk scoring system seems to be one simple, valid and practical bed side tool in quantitative risk stratification and short-term prognosis prediction in patients with STEMI.
Preferences for cervical cancer screening service attributes in rural China: a discrete choice experiment

Objectives: Compared with other cancers, screening for cervical cancer is highly cost-effective. However, due to limited awareness about cervical cancer and many other factors, women’s attendance rate in rural China for cervical cancer screening remains low. This study aimed to determine women’s preferences for cervical cancer screening, to help enhance screening uptake. Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted among a population-based random sample of 420 women (30–65 years old) in August 2015. Attributes included the percentage of cervical cancer-related death reduction, screening interval, screening location, screening pain, waiting time for screening results and out-of-pocket costs. Mixed logit models were used to analyze the relative importance of each screening attribute. Results: When considering a screening program, the screening cost, location and the percentage of cervical cancer-related death reduction were of most concern to women. Among the presented attributes, the pain associated with the process of screening was of the least concern. Conclusions: All six attributes in our study were found to have a large influence on the preference for cervical cancer screening, and significant preference heterogeneity existed among participants. The findings indicate that the maintenance of a free screening program is essential to increasing screening uptake in this vulnerable population.
The Interface Between Entrepreneurship as a Climate Change Mitigation Strategy and Improved Rural Household Food Security and Food Systems Sustainability in South Africa

The worst and most direct impacts of climate change will fall disproportionately on livelihood systems and vulnerable populations that are already poor and food insecure. The highly vulnerable are communities dominated by farming, with limited livelihood diversification and adaptive capacity at household level. During the past three years, rural enterprises were established in six provinces of South Africa to increase access to food and to create income streams for farming communities in rural areas as part of the broader rural development strategy. This study sought to determine the impact of smallholder agricultural entrepreneurship through sweet potato and indigenous vegetable production on improved access to food, income generation and job creation. Return on Investment and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data collected from 186 project beneficiaries. The results of the study indicated that enterprise development intervention impacted positively on household income, job creation and formal market access. The logistic regression model showed a significant relationship between productivity and access to formal markets (P < 0.001), educational level (P < 0.0001) and access to training (P < 0.002) at the 1% significance level. Sustainable establishment of these enterprises must be ensured through infrastructure support, capacity building and adapting to changes in cultivation practices intended to cope with climate change.
Haptic metameric textures

Humans sense spatial patterns through their eyes and hands. Past studies have revealed differences (as well as similarities) between vison and touch in texture processing (e.g., eye is good at detecting texture boundaries, while hand can discriminate subtle texture differences), but the underlying computational differences remains poorly understood. Here we transcribed various textures as surface relief patterns by 3D-printing, and analyzed the tactile discrimination performance regarding the sensitivity to image statistics. The results suggest that touch is sensitive to texture differences in lower-order statistics (e.g., statistics of local amplitude spectrum), while may not to those in the higher-order statistics (e.g., joint statistics of local orientations). In agreement with this, we found that pairs of synthesized textures differing only in higher-order statistics were nearly indiscriminable (metameric) by touch, while easily discriminable by vision. Our findings show that touch and vision sense spatial information using different and complementary computational strategies.
Environmental and Genetic Effects Upon Growth of Purebred and Crossbred Heifers at Beltsville, Jeanerette and Reidsville.

Data from the Southern Regional Dairy Cattle Breeding project (S-49) were analyzed by least square methods to evaulate genetic and environmental effects upon body weight and body weight gain. Data consisted of records on 1,352 purebred Ayrshire (A), Brown Swiss (S), Holstein (H) and Jersey (J) and 1,224 crossbred females. Sixty-one different major breed combinations were represented. Breed groups (PLB) represented proportion of a large breed (Brown Swiss and Holstein). According to this classification, six PLB groups existed at USDA, ARC, Beltsville, Maryland, four at Iberia Livestock Experimental Station, Jeanerette and eight at Georgia Coastal Plains Experimental Station, State Prison Farm, Reidsville, Georgia. Six linear body measurements were studied at 6, 12, 18 and 30 months of age at Beltsville and 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age at Jeanerette. Linear measurements (cm) were wither height (WH), fore­ chest depth (FCD), forechest girth (FCG), length from withers to pins (LWP), length from withers to hips (LWH) and length from hips to pins (LHP). Body weights were taken at birth and at 3-month intervals up to 21 months of age at Reidsville and up to 42 months at Beltsville and Jeanerette.
RDA: From Strategy to Experiments and Implementation in Latvia (Including an Overview of the Situation in the Baltic States)

The article offers insight into the implementation of Resource Description and Access (RDA) in the National Library of Latvia (NLL). Reasons for the decision to implement RDA in a small country are analyzed. The article also emphasizes the importance of international professional experience. The main challenges that the NLL faced during RDA implementation are presented along with ideas about problem solving and experimenting: how to implement RDA without sufficient resources, how to eliminate historical differences, how to overcome linguistic and cultural distinctions, how to deal with e-resources, how to change authority data, and how to train staff. A short overview of progress in cataloging using RDA in the Baltic States of Estonia and Lithuania is also given. Several conclusions for RDA implementation in countries where the official state language is not English are presented.
Digital Inclusion and Health in Wales

Abstract As information about health and illness is increasingly (and often exclusively) available in digital form, we face a new public health challenge – digital health inequality. Those who are least likely to be online (including older people and people with disabilities) are exactly those who experience the greatest burden of ill health. Wales has particular challenges in digital inclusion, including social deprivation, an ageing population and poor broadband connectivity in remote rural areas. In response to these challenges, a review of digital inclusion and health in Wales was commissioned in 2018. The review was carried out by the author (Gann) using a mixed methods approach including literature review, stakeholder interviews and case studies. The review identified creative, community based approaches which are showing inspiring ways to build digital access and confidence so people can become active partners in their own health.
SAS for Linear Models

Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. Regression. Chapter 3. Analysis of Variance for Balanced Data. Chapter 4. Analyzing Data with Random Effects. Chapter 5. Unbalanced Data Analysis: Basic Methods. Chapter 6. Understanding Linear Models Concepts. Chapter 7. Analysis of Covariance. Chapter 8. Repeated-Measures Analysis. Chapter 9. Multivariate Linear Models. Chapter 10. Generalized Linear Models. Chapter 11. Examples of Special Applications. References. Index.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS BETWEEN DIABETIC AND NON DIABETIC PATIENTS

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Objectives: To assess the extent of CAD in diabetic and non diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography. Materials and Methods: 793 patients with suspected CAD, 202 diabetics and 591 non-diabetics were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent coronary angiography. Results: Normal coronaries were more common in non diabetic patients. Age at first presentation in diabetics was earlier as compared to non-diabetics. Diabetic female patients presented as early as third decade of life. Single vessel involvement was significantly more in non diabetics [40.27%] as compared to diabetic patients[19.8%][P= <0.001], while there were statistically no significant differences in double vessel disease in both groups [P= 0.572]. Triple vessel disease were more common in diabetic than non diabetic patients [P= <0.001]. Left main disease, left circumflex coronary artery disease, coronary calcification, diffuse disease and CTOs were more common in diabetic patients. Conclusion: The severity and extent of CAD and incidence of triple vessel disease was significantly high in diabetics when compared to non diabetics. Key Words: Coronary angiography; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes mellitus.