Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tilburg University Firms Merge in Response to Constraints

Theoretical IO models of horizontal mergers and acquisitions make the critical assumption of efficiency gains. Without efficiency gains, these models predict either that mergers are not profitable or that mergers are welfare reducing. A problem here is the empirical observation that on average mergers do not create efficiency gains. We analyze mergers in a model where firms cannot equalize marginal costs and marginal revenues over all dimensions in their action space due to constraints. In this type of model mergers can still be profitable and welfare enhancing while they create a loss in efficiency. The merger allows a firm to relax constraints. Further, this set up is consistent with the following stylized facts on mergers and acquisitions: M&A’s happen when new opportunities have opened up or industries have become more competitive (due to liberalization), they happen in waves, shareholders of the acquired firms gain while shareholders of the acquiring firms lose from the acquisition. Standard IO merger models do not explain these empirical observations.
Edinburgh On the relationship between market power and bank risk taking

We analyse risk-taking behaviour of banks in the context of spatial competition. Banks mobilise unsecured deposits by offering deposit rates, which they invest either in a prudent or a gambling asset. Limited liability along with high return of a successful gamble induce moral hazard at the bank level. We show that when the market power is low, banks invest in the gambling asset. On the other hand, for sufﬁciently high levels of market power, all banks choose the prudent asset to invest in. We further show that a merger of two neighboring banks increases the likelihood of prudent behaviour. Finally, introduction of a deposit insurance scheme exacerbates banks’ moral hazard problem. (JEL Codes: D43; G28; G34)
Functional-orthopaedic therapy of Class II malocclusion : diagnostic tools and evaluation of treatment outcomes

This Systematic Review (SR) aims to assess the quality of SRs and Meta-Analyses (MAs) on functional orthopaedic treatment of Class II malocclusion and to summarise and rate the reported effects. Electronic and manual searches were conducted until June 2014. SRs and MAs focusing on the effects of functional orthopaedic treatment of Class II malocclusion in growing patients were included. The methodological quality of the included papers was assessed using the AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews). The design of the primary studies included in each SR was assessed with Level of Research Design scoring. The evidence of the main outcomes was summarised and rated according to a scale of statements. 14 SRs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The appliances evaluated were as follows: Activator (2 studies), Twin Block (4 studies), headgear (3 studies), Herbst (2 studies), Jasper Jumper (1 study), Bionator (1 study) and Fränkel-2 (1 study). Four studies reviewed several functional appliances, as a group. The mean AMSTAR score was 6 (ranged 2–10). Six SRs included only controlled clinical trials (CCTs), three SRs included only randomised controlled trials (RCTs), four SRs included both CCTs and RCTs and one SR included also expert opinions. There was some evidence of reduction of the overjet, with different appliances except from headgear; there was some evidence of small maxillary growth restrain with Twin Block and headgear; there was some evidence of elongation of mandibular length, but the clinical relevance of this results is still questionable; there was insufficient evidence to determine an effect on soft tissues. This chapter is based on “D'Antò V, Bucci R, Franchi L, Rongo R, Michelotti A, Martina R. Class II functional orthopaedic treatment: a systematic review of systematic reviews. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:624-42. ”
JAVANESE ISLAM ; A BLEND OF JAVANESE CULTURE AND ISLAMIC MYSTICISM VIEWED FROM POST-COLONIAL PERSPECTIVE

This study simultaneously examines and explains about Javanese Islam (Islam Nusantara), which represents the characteristic of several Moslem in the world. The term ‘characteristic’ refers to the combination of Javanese culture (Javanese indigenous belief, Hindu and Buddha) and the intrinsic dimensions of Islam itself. This combination is a correlation of Javanese mysticism and Islamic mysticism. Those two concepts of mysticism substantively contain the teaching of the unity of God (tauhid). It enables the acculturation of Islam and Javanese culture. This study will use the reconstruction of the thought of Sufi teachers in Majelis Shalawat Muhammad in Surabaya and Bojonegoro as the research basis since Sufi teachers are considered as the prevalent subaltern in the postcolonial study. Therefore, this study is expected to be able to thoroughly explain how the subjects of Islamic mysticism can understand the dialectics of Islamic mysticism and Javanese mysticism itself. In sum, the combination of those two mysticism is considered to eventually emerge ‘Islam Nusantara’ as a special characteristic of Indonesia. Makalah ini membahas dan menunjukkan tentang Islam Jawa (Islam Nusantara) yang merupakan ciri khas beberapa Muslim di dunia. Karakteristik yang dimaksud adalah kombinasi budaya Jawa (agama asli Jawa, Hindu dan Budha) dengan dimensi intrinsik Islam itu sendiri. Kombinasi ini terjadi karena keterkaitan atau pertalian antara dua mistisisme, yaitu mistisisme Jawa dan mistisisme Islam. Kedua konsep mistisisme tersebut sebenarnya mengandung 20 Javanese Islam; a Blend of Javanese Culture and Islamic Mysticism el Harakah Vol. 21 No. 1 Tahun 2019 el Harakah Vol. 21 No. 1 Tahun 2019 ajaran keesaanTuhan (tauhid). Hal inilah yang memungkinkan terjadinya akulturasi antara budaya Jawa dan Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan rekonstruksi pemikiran para guru sufi di Majelis Shalawat Muhammad di Surabaya dan Bojonegoro sebagai basis penelitian. Para guru sufi tersebut dianggap sebagai golongan tertentu (subaltern) yang umum dibahas dalam kajian pasca-kolonial. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini diharapkan mampu menjelaskan secara menyeluruh tentang bagaimana para pelaku mistisisme islam dapat memahami dialektika antara mistisisme islam dan budaya asli Jawa (mistisisme jawa) itu sendiri. Singkatnya, pertemuan antara kedua mistisisme inilah yang pada akhirnya dianggap melahirkan Islam Jawa atau ‘Islam Nusantara’ yang kemudian menjadi ciri khas Indonesia.
Interaction of ZIKV NS 5 and STAT 2 examined by Molecular Modeling , Docking and Simulations Studies

Zika virus (ZIKV) encodes NS5 protein which is known as a potent and specific antagonist of Interferon (IFN) signaling. ZIKV NS5 has been associated with the proteosomal degradation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), although the complete mechanism is still unknown since experimental studies suggest that additional regions to Mtase domain may contribute the STAT2 degradation. It has been employed molecular modeling, docking and MD studies to explore into detail the structural and dynamic features of NS5, STAT2 and NS5-STAT2 complex as well as the key residues involved in NS5-STAT2 interaction. In this study, it has been validated a three-dimensional model of STAT2 (C-score=-0.62) which has not been reported experimentally. Likewise, a docked complex NS5-STAT2 has been detailed among several models through the total stabilizing energy of -77.942 kcal·mol−1 and a Gibbs binding free energy of -4.30 kcal·mol−1. The outcomes have revealed that interaction is limited to three domains known as N-terminal from STAT2 and Mtase-Thumb from NS5 locating in the ordered regions of both proteins. Key residues involved in the interaction surface with the highest frequency are stabilized by electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, salt bridges and ionic interactions. Therefore, our finding supports the experimental preliminaries observations reported in the literature and will help in the drug design efforts against ZIKV NS5.
ADOPTION AND USE OF A UNIVERSITY REGISTRATION PORTAL BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF BAYERO UNIVERSITY ,

The impact of Information Technology (IT) has continued to increase in all aspects of our lives; there has been increasing interest in research on the factors that explain user acceptance of new technology. Venkatesh combined eight of the most popular models to formulate a new model, called the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which since then has become one of the most prominent models. This paper tries to validate a modified UTAUT model for the Bayero University, Kano. Students’ registration portal which every university student has to use at the beginning of every academic session was used to test the model. Three hundred and sixty eight valid questionnaires were used to validate research model which comprises five constructs in the modified model namely: performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC) and anxiety (AX). In order to evaluate the internal consistency, convergence and discernments validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is run on the measurement model and the values of Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Composite Reliability (ρc), and Cronbach's Alpha (CA) are found to be satisfactory. The data collected is analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Three major constructs of the model performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE) and social influence (SI) – are found to be insignificant determinants of registration portal usage, showing that there are a number of systems that may neither fit into the UTAUT nor UTAUT2 models because of their special characteristics.
Polymeric microparticles composites with waste EPDM rubber powder

Polymeric materials filled with inorganic microparticles can be described as polymeric microparticle composites. These materials combine the various mechanical, physical and chemical properties of different phases. Waste microparticles can also be used as filler. Inclusion of these waste microparticles can optimize the required mechanical properties and decrease the price. This paper describes the possibilities of using recycled waste rubber powder in polymer composite systems. The aim of the experiment was to quantify the mechanical properties of epoxy resin (Glue Epox Rapid – with increased speed of hardening) and polyurethane (Sika Power – resin based on polyol) filled with recycled EPDM rubber powder (29 μm) gained from a Czech company and to describe the changes in the mechanical qualities with a changeable amount of microparticles. Composites were prepared with a different filler concentration of resins (5–35 volume percent). Cohesive and adhesive characteristics were chosen for the quantification of the system. Adhesive strength to the steel adherent was tested by means of lap-shear tensile strength. Cohesive strength was tested by means of tensile strength. Hardness was measured by the Shore D method. The described use of waste material is inexpensive and offers the possibility of recycling material. The application of waste EPDM powder in the area of resins is a benfitial way of material usage which should be preferred.
Comparative assessment of dahi ( yogurt ) collected from different areas of Bangladesh

Accepted 20 June 2017 Online release 27 June 2017 The study was conducted to determine the quality of dahi (yogurt) of three districts viz Bogra, Tangail, and Mymensingh of Bangladesh. For this total of thirty six dahi samples were collected from twelve renowned dahi or sweetmeat producers of the fore mentioned districts (Four sample were from each district and three replications were made for each sample). All the samples when analysed for their physical (organoletpic) and microbiological quality exhibited wide variation. The overall acceptability of the product varied with an average score of 74.01 (SD±5.36). The count of total viable organisms and coliform were in the range of 4356.66x10, 0-45x 10 CFU/gm respectively. Sample average grand mean for Gram positive rods content was 38.11% with a standard deviation (SD) of ±15.63. However, from the result of all parameters, dahi of Bogra was the best followed that dahi of Mymensingh and Tangail. The 2 and 3 position were adorned by dahi of Mymensingh and Tangail respectively. But from the hygienic point of view Tangail was in 2 and Mymensingh 3 in position. A wide range of variation of different parameters was noticed within dahi of different districts. Sweetmeat makers were suggested not to adulterate milk during dahi preparation and also to follow strict hygienic conditions in order to get good quality. Keyword
Antecedents and Consequences of Trust Development within a Network Marketing Comp

Studies within different fields indicate that the most successful social and business relationships are trustworthy, where partners willingly strengthen the ties with the other part. Trust has been also identified as the catalyst in network marketing companies of direct selling, which is predominantly based in human relationships. The present study aims to investigate trust development in terms of trust antecedents, components and consequences within the Amway Network Company in Greece. Field research was conducted by utilizing a structured questionnaire, which was developed by adopting relative constructs reported in literature. The research target sample consisted of Amway’s Independent Business Owners (IBOs). Two hundred and twenty five questionnaires were distributed during company’s big and small conferences in Greece. Moreover, an online version of the questionnaire was created and communicated to IBOs from various regions of Greece via the web, while the same link was also emailed to a small number of IBOs. The resulting sample comprised 151 correctly answered questionnaires. Principal Component Analysis was initially performed to identify latent factors within the questionnaire items measuring the trust antecedents, components and consequences, which led to alterations of the initial model. The emerged trust antecedents were named cultural similarity, privacy concerns and conflict. The trust components were named ability, integrity and goodwill, while the trust consequences were named commitment and perceived continuity. The results of the regression analyses conducted showed that cultural similarity is the most significant antecedent of trust. Moreover, goodwill was found to be the trust component that leads to higher levels of both commitment and perceived continuity. Keywords: trust, antecedents, consequences, network company, Greece
Necessity entrepreneurship and industry choice in new firm creation

Research on necessity entrepreneurship has generated important insights, yet it views necessity entrepreneurs in developed countries as one encompassing group of unemployed individuals ignoring that the level of need is not uniform but instead increases with time spent in unemployment. We begin to unpack the role of unemployment duration in necessity entrepreneurship by asking how it affects one of the most fundamental decisions in start-ups: 'what business should I be in? ' Analyzing primary data on 576 necessity entrepreneurs combined with three secondary data sets, we find that unemployment duration affects whether ventures are launched in "home" or in external industries, and moderates the extent to which founders’ industry experience and the attractiveness of external opportunities relative to those in the "home" industry shape industry choice.
Comparative Growth and Production between Black and Brown Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica ) Performance under Sudan conditions and

This study was conducted to compare between Black and Brown Japanese quail (strains) Growth and production performance under Sudan condition. A total of 123 [Black (n=93) and Brown (n=30)]. The birds were allocated into 22 cages according to the full sib families (from one day old – 10 weeks of age). Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), energy efficiency ratio (EER), age at first egg (AFE), body weight at first egg (BWFE) and liveability were determined. With the exception of liveability all other parameters were not affected by bird strain. However the Black Japanese quail had higher values than the Brown in most of the studied parameters. (FCR) for quails ranged between 2.36 to 6.99, (AFE) was determined as 9.49 week in Black strain whereas in Brown strain as 9.04 week. The overall mean of (BWFE) was 199.87g for Black strain and 195.92g for brown strain.
Title Association between human T cell leukemia virus 1 ( HTLV-1 ) infection and advanced periodontitis in relation to hematopoietic activity among elderly participants : a cross-sectional study

Background: We reported that human T cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection is positively associated with atherosclerosis. Recent evidence has revealed a close association of periodontitis with atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and disruption of the microcirculation. However, the association between HTLV-1 and advanced periodontitis has not been investigated to date. Since hematopoietic activity is closely linked to endothelial maintenance activity and is known to decline with age, we hypothesized that the state of hematopoietic activity influenced the association between HTLV-1 and advanced periodontitis in elderly participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 822 elderly participants aged 60–99 years who participated in a dental health check-up. Advanced periodontitis was defined as a periodontal pocket ≥ 6.0 mm. Participants were classified as having low or high hematopoietic activity according to the median values of reticulocytes. Results: HTLV-1 infection was positively related to advanced periodontitis among participants with lower hematopoietic activity (lower reticulocyte count), but not among participants with higher hematopoietic activity (higher reticulocyte count). The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) considering potential confounding factors was 1.92 (1.05–3.49) for participants with a lower reticulocyte count and 0.69 (0.35–1.36) for participants with a higher reticulocyte count. Conclusions: Among elderly participants, the association between HTLV-1 infection and advanced periodontitis is influenced by hematopoietic activity. Since hematopoietic activity is associated with endothelial maintenance, these findings provide an efficient tool for clarifying the underlying mechanism of the progression of periodontitis among elderly participants.
NEW ASTROPHYSICAL REACTION RATE FOR THE 12C(α, γ)16O REACTION

A new astrophysical reaction rate for 12C(α, γ)16O has been evaluated on the basis of a global R-matrix fitting to the available experimental data. The reaction rates of 12C(α, γ)16O for stellar temperatures between 0.04 ≤ T9 ≤ 10 are provided in a tabular form and by an analytical fitting expression. At T9 = 0.2, the reaction rate is (7.83 ± 0.35) × 1015 cm3 mol−1 s−1, where stellar helium burning occurs.
Are technology gatekeepers constraining my cluster ? Unfolding radical changes in clusters

Which type of firms do create knowledge in clusters through the different stages of the cluster life cycle? Industrial district literature assumes that large leading firms with high absorptive capacity and high-intensity R&D expenditures, i.e. technology gatekeepers, do shape the district learning process. This paper challenges this assumption introducing in the conversation two important moderators. First, the type of knowledge created (continuous vs radical) by technology gatekeepers and, second, the stage of the cluster life cycle (CLC) at which that knowledge is created. This work tackles the technological gatekeepers and the cluster life cycle in conjunction, trying to push the knowledge about firms, the learning process and the knowledge creation in industrial districts, in order to understand better how clusters evolve and get renewed. Results show that there are temporary technological gatekeepers taking the role of leaders and bringing disruptive knowledge sourced from other clusters and distant non-related industries. The study presents implications for scholars and policymakers Jelcodes:O33,R11
Intangible Capital and Participation in Global Value Chains: Empirical Evidence on a Sample of European Countries

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Field Calibration of PR 2 Capacitance Probe in Pullman Clay-Loam Soil of Southern High Plains

Multi-depth capacitance sensors are popular to monitor soil water content for scheduling irrigation thanks to their ease of operation and maintenance. The PR2/6 Profile Probe (Delta-T Devices) measures soil moisture by using either the manufacturer’s built-in equation or a user-calibrated equation if the soil is high in clay or organic matter. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of the PR2/6 Profile Probe in a perennial grassland and to develop a site-specific equation to correct probe measurements in Pullman (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) clay loam soils. Permittivity recorded by the profile probe was regressed on the gravimetrically measured soil volumetric water content (VWC). Parameters were optimized to obtain least RMSEs. The default equation provided by the manufacturer estimated VWC with average RMSE and r2 values of 0.053 m3 m–3 and 0.71, respectively. New calibration coefficients were effective in explaining 91% of the variability in soil VWC measurements and reducing RMSE to 0.017 m3 m–3. The results indicate that site-specific calibration of the capacitance probe is necessary to attain research-quality accuracy and precision when applied to grasslands in Pullman clay loam and associated clay loam soils.
Do Firms Continue Excessively ? An Empirical Analysis

Firm entry and exit decisions are central to theories of market organization and the firm, and to the efficiency of a competitive market environment. Timely exit by “inefficient” firms is essential for the reallocation of economic resources from lower-value to higher-value users. If firm performance continues to decline it may become optimal to dismantle the firm and release its assets to higher-valued outside uses. However, different stakeholders in the firm may disagree about the exit decision and its timing. In some cases stockholders and/or managers with control rights may prefer continued operation of the firm even when the liquidation value of the firm exceeds its continuation value. In this paper we investigate the problem of excessive continuation among U.S. firms. Using firm level data for the period 1970-2011 we observe that on average 13.6% of the U.S. firms continued excessively each year. The average duration of excessive continuation was 3.6 years with costs for such firms of about 15.9% in cumulative loss of returns on assets. We employ a discrete-time hazard model using multi-period Logit regressions and find that greater liquidity, greater debt maturity, weaker debt covenants and greater shareholder-management agency problem are all positively associated with excessive continuation.