Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria

The research work examined the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on manufacturing sector output in Nigeria from 1986 to 2014, a period of 28 years. Data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical Bulletin and World Development Indicators (WDI) on manufacturing output, Consumer Price Index (CPI), Government Capital Expenditure (GCE) and Real Effective Exchange Rate (EXC) were analyzed through the multiple regression analysis using Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) to examine the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on manufacturing sector. Using ARDL it was discovered that exchange rate fluctuations have long run and short run relationship on manufacturing sector output. The result showed that exchange rate has a positive relationship on manufacturing sector output but not significant. However, from the empirical analysis it was discovered that exchange rate is positively related to manufacturing sector output. Therefore, the paper recommended that government should implement the policies on export strategies to encourage exports and discourage imports in order to achieve a favourable balance of payment; government should encourage the use of domestic materials in production in order to encourage international competitiveness and also increase expenditures on economic services such as manufacturing so as to increase their output
LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN(S)

It is 10 years since Dr Duncan Thomas’ annotation on heparin, LMW heparin and heparin analogues (Thomas, 1984). At that time, LMW heparin was an experimental new drug being developed by a few companies and only one clinical trial had been published. Since then it has become an established therapeutic material with at least five manufacturers’ products licensed in Europe. and over 50 published clinical trials have demonstrated its therapeutic efficacy. In some clinical indications LMW heparin has replaced unfractionated heparin (UFH) as the drug of choice and the overall turnover is estimated as a thousand million dollars per annum. This annotation will focus on the current clinical status of LMW heparin, and will try to clarify some of the confusion about the differences between LMW and unfractionated heparin and among the various products: in addition, the debate on its mechanism of action and the relative importance of anti-Xa and thrombin inhibition activities will be reviewed.
Investment Insights: Building balanced factor portfolios (PDF)

We examine a sample of US equities over the past 24 years and find that a simple, balanced factor portfolio of value and momentum outperformed a cap-weighted benchmark. This is true whether the balanced factor portfolio is formed from a combination of two individual factor portfolios or implemented via a single portfolio built from a multi-factor model (the “multi-factor portfolio”). We also find that, relative to a combination of single factor portfolios, the multi-factor portfolio more effectively accounts for the relationship between factors. As a result, it tends to have higher exposure to the intended factors so that, ultimately, the multi-factor portfolio outperformed the combination. Importantly, we find that there are ways to construct single factor portfolios such that their combination delivers both factor exposure and performance that is similar in magnitude to that of the multi-factor approach.
Data about Natural History of Some Acute Coronary Events at Days of High Cosmic Ray (CRA)-Neutron Activity and Following 48 Hours (2000-2012)

In recent years, many studies were published describing a wide scope of changes related to extreme (stormy) geomagnetic activity. In some countries, prediction of such days is a part of weather prediction information. A number of risk factors like blood coagulation parameters, arterial blood pressure, inflammation markers, and some blood proteins were changing at days of GMA storms. Concomitant studies were published on an inverse phenomenon-increased cardiovascular event at days of Zero GMA, accompanied by high Space Neutron activity on the Earth’s surface—a marker of high Cosmic Ray activity. The aim of this study was to compare two groups of Acute Cardiovascular Events (ACE)—Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and deaths from Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) at days of extreme Cosmic Ray (CRA)-Neutron activity. Patients & methods: 4749 days at years 2000-2012 were studied considering ACE in a 3000 bed hospital in Kaunas, Lithuania. Cosmophysical data of this period was obtained from USA, Russia, and Finland. ACE was calculated at day of extreme High levels of CRA and following 48 hours. 13629 AMI and 3128 deaths from IHD were included. Results: It was a significant rise in AMI morbidity at day of high CRA (Neutron) activity (≥9300 imp/min). By analysis for each of gender, and patients age groups that were significant difference of AMI for all patients and male >65 y. old at Neutron activity ≥9400 imp/min (p = 0.048; p = 0.03), both gender > 65 y. old at Neutron activity >9500 (p = 0.078) and female >65 y. at Lag 2 (p = 0.07). For deaths from IHD, it was a significant rise at Neutron activity below 9300 imp/min (662 days (13.8%) were above the average of the full observation time-8935 ± 538.083)). Conclusion: At days of high CRA-Neutron activity, it was significantly more AMI. For IHD mortality was higher, but at lower Neutron activity—closer to average Neutron activity and higher GMA.
Issues in Conducting Empirical Evaluations of Controlled Languages 1

Simplified English (SE) is one of several restricted language standards that have been developed to reduce ambiguity and provide greater consistency and readability in technical documents. Proponents of SE (and other controlled languages) have claimed that using a restricted English standard makes documents easier to read and understand and easier to translate accurately into other natural languages. SE was designed to be applied to both procedural and descriptive writing, but in practice it has primarily been applied to procedural technical documents. The purpose of this paper is to discuss methods for assessing the claims about SE as used in procedural documents. First, we briefly overview the methodology and results of two experiments we conducted to test SE vs. non-SE documents. Next, we discuss some difficult and important issues that arose in designing and conducting the experiments and analyzing the results. Finally, we conclude with some recommendations for further empirical studies of SE.
The effects of ambient wind shear and varying initial conditions on numerically simulated mammatus-like clouds

Mammatus clouds are defined as "hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil. " (Glickman 2000). A distinguishing characteristic of mammatus clouds is their very smooth laminar appearance. A comprehensive review of observations and proposed formation mechanisms of mammatus clouds is given in Schultz et al. (2006). Winstead et al. (2001) present radar observations that suggest the mammatus are organized into rows that may be perpendicular to the mean wind direction at a given height, although they admit that this orientation may be subjectively chosen. However, if the mammatus are indeed organized into rows perpendicular to a local mean shear vector, this may imply that shear effects are dominating buoyancy effects (as shown by Asai 1970 and others for convection rolls in shear). At other times, mammatus may appear to have no organized pattern and form in clusters of unequal sized cells (Ludlam and Scorer 1953). Often they appear on the sloping underside (10-15 ̊ from horizontal plane) of thunderstorm anvils and have been observed on both the upshear and downshear sides of the outflow anvil. Horizontal dimensions of individual mammatus cells have been observed to range from 250 m (Clarke 1962) to 3 km (e.g., Winstead et al. 2001) in horizontal extent. There are significant differences reported in the literature on the vertical extent of mammatus cells. Some state the vertical and horizontal scales of motion within mammatus are nearly equal (Warner 1973). However, some investigators have suggested or provided evidence that mammatus cells may be linked to vertical motions of much greater depth, perhaps even extending from the top of the cirrus outflow anvil to the bottom cloud base of the mammatus cells (e.g., Clarke 1962, Martner 1995). Similarly, the reported measured magnitude of vertical motions within mammatus varies widely in the observational literature. This may account for the disagreement as to whether or not mammatus are turbulent entities. Reported observed vertical velocities range from -6 m s -1 to +1.5 m s -1 (Kollias et al. 2005). Some recent observations of cirrus clouds using lidar include documentation of mammatus as well (Wang and Sassen 2006). Wang and Sassen found wind shears of 0.5 3.0 m s -1 Km -1 associated with cirrus mammatus. Some examples of observed physical data from mammatus are given in Table 1.
Inhibition of Cell Growth by Overexpression of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) levels have been found to be low in human pancreatic cancer [Pancreas26, (2003), 23] and human pancreatic cancer cell lines [Cancer Res.63, (2003), 1297] when compared to normal human pancreas. We hypothesized that stable overexpression of pancreatic cancer cells with MnSOD cDNA would alter the malignant phenotype. MIA PaCa-2 cells were stably transfected with a pcDNA3 plasmid containing sense human MnSOD cDNA or containing no MnSOD insert by using the lipofectAMINE method. G418-resistant colonies were isolated, grown and maintained. Overexpression of MnSOD was confirmed in two selected clones with a 2-4-fold increase in MnSOD immunoreactive protein. Compared with the parental and neo control cells, the MnSOD-overexpressing clones had decreased growth rates, growth in soft agar and plating efficiency in vitro, while in vivo, the MnSOD-overexpressing clones had slower growth in nude mice. These results suggest that MnSOD may be a tumor suppressor gene in human pancreatic cancer.
Developing social , emotional and behavioural skills in secondary schools

The Secondary National Strategy’s pilot programme, Developing social, emotional and behavioural skills, was introduced to 54 schools in five local authorities in the summer term of 2005 and to a sixth authority one term later. Ofsted evaluated the pilot programme over five terms in 11 schools. The schools were selected to represent a range of types of school. After five terms, the greatest impact in the schools was on teachers’ attitudes towards the idea of social, emotional and behavioural skills and their understanding of how to develop these skills systematically within subject lessons. Where the pilot was most effective, teachers adjusted teaching methods to take account of the pupils’ specific needs. As a result, pupils worked better in teams, were better able to recognise and articulate their feelings, and showed greater respect for each other’s differences and strengths.
An Integrative Hydrological , Ecological and Economical ( HEE ) Modeling System for Assessing Water Resources and Ecosystem Production : Calibration and Validation in the Upper and Middle Parts of the Yellow River Basin , China

Effective management of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas demands studies that cross over the disciplinaries of natural and social sciences. An integrated Hydrological, Ecological and Economical (HEE) modeling system at regional scale has been developed to assess water resources use and ecosystem production in arid and semi-arid areas. As a physically-based distributed modeling system, the HEE modeling system requires various input parameters including those for soil, vegetation, topography, groundwater, and water and agricultural management at different spatial levels. A successful implementation of the modeling system highly depends on how well it is calibrated. This paper presented an automatic calibration procedure for the HEE modeling system and its test in the upper and middle parts of the Yellow River basin. Previous to calibration, comprehensive literature investigation and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify important parameters for calibration. The automatic calibration procedure was base on conventional Monte Carlo sampling method together with a multi-objective criterion for calibration over multi-site and multi-output. The multi-objective function consisted of optimizing statistics of mean absolute relative error (MARE), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (ENS), and coefficient of determination (R). The modeling system was calibrated against streamflow and harvest yield data from multiple sites/provinces within the basin over 2001 by using the proposed automatic procedure, and validated over 1993-1995. Over the calibration period, the mean absolute relative error of simulated daily streamflow was within 7% while the statistics R and ENS of daily streamflow were 0.61 and 0.49 respectively. Average simulated harvest yield over the calibration period was about 9.2% less than that of observations. Overall calibration results have indicated that the calibration procedures developed in this study can efficiently calibrate the modeling system in the study area. Annual validation results for average streamflow and harvest yield showed relative large errors which were associated with irrigation water use and reservoir impact. The validation results of streamflow for sites in upper reaches have shown close relationship with observations which indicated the liability of calibrated parameter values in predicting watershed responses. The information and results provided by the study will be helpful to watershed modelers and model users in calibrating complex watershed models and contribute knowledge to interdisciplinary modeling for water resources management in the study area.
Post-Mortem Analysis of a Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device (PLAATO™) in a Patient with Permanent Atrial Fibrillation

traindications to oral anticoagulation exist in a considerable number of patients [2, 3] . In a review by Blackshear and Odell [5] , 17% of 1,288 nonrheumatic AF patients had a left atrial thrombus, and 91% of these 222 were isolated to the left atrial appendage (LAA). Because more than 90% of thrombi are located in the LAA, an elimination of the appendage – either by resection or occlusion – seems to be an attractive alternative to oral anticoagulation. In many centers, it has become routine practice to ligate the LAA at the time of mitral valve surgery, and the American Heart Association guidelines for mitral valve surgery recommend LAA amputation to reduce the risk of stroke [6] .
COST-ORIENTED FMEA OF HOT ROLLED WIRE PRODUCTION

One of essential activities in quality planning is the review of the designed product and of its realization process. Its objective is to optimize their capability to meet the defined customer requirements. For this purpose, the FMEA method (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is used. The method consists in the following: a team analysis of potential occurrence of failure modes in the design in question, assessment of their risks and preparation and implementation of preventive measures for improving the quality of the product design and of the process. Today’s approach to FMEA lacks the quantification of costs of potential occurrence of specified failure modes and costs of their analysis. Yet, this criterion may be of key importance for strategic decisions on either accepting or rejecting proposed preventive measures. This paper describes the methodology of a cost-oriented FMEA process, which takes into account the economic aspects of potential failure modes for the product. It also presents a practical application of FMEA in manufacturing drawn steel spring wire.
High Temperature Thermoelectric and Optical Properties of Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 Prepared by Thermal Hydro-Decomposition

The polycrystalline sample of calcium cobalt oxide (Ca3Co4O9) ceramic was prepared by a thermal hydro-decomposition method using the acetate salts as starting materials. The single phase Ca3Co4O9 powder was obtained at the calcined temperature of 1073 K which was confirmed by XRD. The powder exhibited platelet-shape with a particle size of <2 μm. The maximum absorption peak of the powder is 285 nm which showed an indirect band gap of 2 eV using a UV-vis technique. The sintered ceramics showed the Seebeck coefficient of 170 μV/K, the electrical resistivity of 21 mΩ⋅cm and the thermal conductivity of 0.036 W/cm/K at 860 K, which were converted to a figure-of-merit, Z, of 3.7×10-5 K-1. The density of the ceramic was 3.08 g/cm3 obtained using an Archimedes method which corresponded to a significant amount of 35% pore observed by SEM on the fractured surface.
Secret Key Generation Using Reciprocity in Ultra-wideband Outdoor Wireless Channels

To investigate schemes of secret key generation from Ultra-wideband (UWB) channel, we study a statistical characterization of UWB outdoor channel for a campus playground scenario based on extensive measurements. Moreover, an efficient secret key generation mechanism exploiting multipath relative delay is developed, and verification of this algorithm is conducted in UWB Line-of-sight (LOS) outdoor channels. For the first time, we compare key-mismatch probability of UWB indoor and outdoor environments. Simulation results demonstrate that the number of multipath proportionally affects key generation rate and key-mismatch probability. In comparison to the conventional method using received signal strength (RSS) as a common random source, our mechanism achieves better performance in terms of common secret bit generation. Simultaneously, security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme can still guarantee security even in the sparse outdoor physical environment free of many reflectors.
UNIVERSITY OF VAASA FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION

_____________________________________________________________________ This thesis work is application of the ASDN (Agile Supply Demand Networks) software to improvement toy logistics network. The researcher worked as a development engineer with ASDN software and tasks were design an example of complex toy supply demand networks, improvement the toy logistics network, optimize inventory value level, through integrated retailers, distributors, manufacturers and suppliers to reduce the lead time to customers and inventory holding cost. The research problem is How to use ASDN software to analyze and optimize current toy industrial logistics network? In order to resolve this research problem, there have four objectives will be discussed in the present study. The first objective is study agile supply chain management, demand supply chain management, demand response strategies and inventory models in order to increase basic understanding ASDN software. The second objective is study the definition and function modules of ASDN software in order to understanding application of ASDN tool. The third objective is use ASDN tool to design a complex toy supply demand networks and explain related inventory models calculation. The fourth objective is use ASDN tool to create graph interface to analysis the complex toy supply demand networks, and optimize the analysis results.
Cyclophosphamide-refractory scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease: remarkable clinical and radiological response to a single course of rituximab combined with high-dose corticosteroids

We would like to report our experience of using rituximab in cyclophosphamide refractory, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) in a patient with limited scleroderma. A 40-year-old man presented with 10-week history of inflammatory polyarthritis, which responded to a short course of oral corticosteroids. However, 3 weeks later, he developed new onset of exertional dyspnoea. High-resolution CT of the thorax was suggestive of early ILD. Surgical lung biopsy showed features of fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia. He was diagnosed with scleroderma on the basis of: presence of anticentromere antibodies, Raynaud’s phenomenon, pulmonary fibrosis, digital oedema and hypomotility along with a dilated oesophagus. He was treated aggressively with pulse doses of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide; however, his ILD continued to deteriorate. At this stage, he received rituximab (two pulses of 1 g each), which led to a gradual clinical improvement. Now, 12 months since his rituximab infusion, he walks 2 miles daily without any exertional dyspnoea.
Cocoa Growers' Bulletin No.52 November 2000 - 46 - APPLICATION OF THE TECHNIQUES OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TO COCOA PATHOLOGY

The overwhelming public perception of the recent advances in molecular genetics is that such techniques are primarily used in the production of transgenic crop plants or in animal cloning (e.g. FlavrSavr tomatoes, Dolly the sheep). However, the same technological advances have revolutionised many areas of biological research, where they do not give rise to similar ethical or ecological concerns. This article will illustrate the impact of this technology on cocoa pathology and give an indication of its future potential.