Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'You'd think this roller coaster was never going to stop': experiences of adult children of parents with serious mental illness.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aims of this qualitative study were to explore the experience of being an adult child of a parent with serious mental illness and how adult children have coped with their experience. BACKGROUND Children of parents with serious mental illness are a potentially vulnerable group because of risk factors associated with parental mental illness. While there has been considerable research into factors that may strengthen or impair their well-being, there has been little exploration of the subjective experience of growing up with parental mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. DESIGN An interpretive qualitative design including autoethnography. METHODS Unstructured narrative interview and written narrative data from 10 participants were analysed using van Manen's hermeneutic method. RESULTS Four themes that captured the experience of being the adult child of a parent with serious mental illness were revealed: (1) Being uncertain: `you'd think this roller coaster was never going to stop'; (2) Struggling to connect: `we were super close and now we're not'; (3) Being responsible: `I think I grew up in a hurry'; (4) Seeking balance: `I had to be in control of the situation so awful things wouldn't happen'. CONCLUSIONS Being the adult child of a parent with serious mental illness can involve a chaotic family life where adult children assume substantial caregiving roles. Relationships between parents and adult children can become strained. However, support from others including health professionals can strengthen adult children's resilience and ability to cope with these challenges. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses in a range of health care settings are in prime positions to intervene early and provide information and support for children and families where parents have a mental illness. Family-focused care can strengthen children's and parent's relationships and support the family's ability to cope.
Structural Model of the IDX Credibility

Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) needs to increase its credibility for the purpose of increasing favorable investment environment for both domestic and foreign investors. The perception of stockbrokers is used to develop structural model of the IDX credibility as measured by stock trading volume and frequency. Factor analysis overview has found three important group regulations: stock trading services, stock trading protection, and stock trading efficiency - which are influent to the credibility of IDX. Structural equation modeling analysis confirms that those three group regulations positively influence the credibility of IDX.
Multiple and diverse forms of regulated exocytosis in wild-type and defective PC12 cells.

Regulated exocytosis triggered by the photolysis of a caged Ca2+ compound, DM-nitrophen, was investigated by patch-clamp capacitance measurements in two clones of PC12, the first wild-type and the second (PC12-27) defective of both types of classical secretory vesicles together with the neuronal-type receptors for the attachment proteins of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, the so called SNAREs. Moreover, the electrophysiological data were correlated with the ultrastructure of resting quick-frozen-freeze-dried cells of the two clones. Wild-type PC12 exhibited two-component capacitance responses, time constants of 30-100 ms and >10 s, that previous studies had suggested to reflect primarily the fusion of the small and large secretory vesicles, each contributing cell surface increases of approximately 10%. Both of these components were largely and specifically inhibited whether cells previously were microinjected with tetanus toxin light chain. In the defective clone, large responses also were recorded ( approximately 19% surface expansion; time constant, approximately 1 s) that, in contrast to those of the wild-type, were entirely resistant to the toxin. Although secretory organelles, i.e., large vesicles and also profiles of small vesicles, were abundant at the cell periphery and often docked to the plasmalemma of resting wild-type PC12, in the defective clone, no superficial accumulation of vesicles was observed. Our coordinate structural and functional results have revealed diversities between the two classical forms of regulated secretion in wild-type PC12 and have provided evidence of a toxin-insensitive form of Ca2+-induced exocytosis, prominent in the defective clone, that may play an important role(s) in cellular physiology.
Glutamate Delta-1 Receptor Regulates Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling in the Hippocampus

The delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors consists of glutamate delta-1 (GluD1) and glutamate delta-2 receptors. We have previously shown that GluD1 knockout mice exhibit features of developmental delay, including impaired spine pruning and switch in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit, which are relevant to autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we identified a novel role of GluD1 in regulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) signaling in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated colocalization of mGlu5 with GluD1 punctas in the hippocampus. Additionally, GluD1 protein coimmunoprecipitated with mGlu5 in the hippocampal membrane fraction, as well as when overexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, demonstrating that GluD1 and mGlu5 may cooperate in a signaling complex. The interaction of mGlu5 with scaffold protein effector Homer, which regulates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was abnormal both under basal conditions and in response to mGlu1/5 agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) in GluD1 knockout mice. The basal levels of phosphorylated mTOR and protein kinase B, the signaling proteins downstream of mGlu5 activation, were higher in GluD1 knockout mice, and no further increase was induced by DHPG. We also observed higher basal protein translation and an absence of DHPG-induced increase in GluD1 knockout mice. In accordance with a role of mGlu5-mediated mTOR signaling in synaptic plasticity, DHPG-induced internalization of surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunits was impaired in the GluD1 knockout mice. These results demonstrate that GluD1 interacts with mGlu5, and loss of GluD1 impairs normal mGlu5 signaling potentially by dysregulating coupling to its effector. These studies identify a novel role of the enigmatic GluD1 subunit in hippocampal function.
Risk of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis in a Multi-Racial Asian Population

♦ Background: Peritonitis is one of the most common complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Understanding the risk factors of peritonitis in a multi-racial Asian population may help to improve outcomes on PD. ♦ Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study to identify risk factors for PD-related peritonitis over a 1-year period in 15 adult PD centers. All peritonitis episodes were independently adjudicated. ♦ Results: A total of 1,603 participants with a mean age of 51.6 years comprising 52.7% females, 62.6% ethnic Malays, 27.0% Chinese, and 8.1% Indians were recruited. The overall peritonitis rate was 1 episode per 44.0 patient-months with 354 episodes recorded in 282 (17.6%) patients over 15,588 patient-months. Significant risk factors of peritonitis were severe obesity (incidence-rate ratio [IRR] 3.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30, 8.45), hypoalbuminemia (IRR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.46), Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage (IRR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.46, 3.50), and use of Fresenius system (Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, MA, USA) (IRR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.89). The risk of peritonitis was lower in those on automated PD compared with standard PD (IRR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.74), and in centers with a patient-staff ratio of 15 to 29.9 (IRR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.90) and ≥ 30 (IRR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.80). Prevalent patients and exit-site care with topical antibiotics were also protective against peritonitis. Peritonitis rates varied between racial groups. The IRRs of overall peritonitis and gram-positive peritonitis in Chinese versus other racial groups were 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.90) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.91), respectively. ♦ Conclusions: Multiple patient, center, and PD-system factors influence the risk of peritonitis. In the Asian population, there are racial differences in the risk of peritonitis.
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF MENARCHE IN RURAL POLISH GIRLS USING THE DECISION TREES METHOD

Summary The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the decision trees method as a research method of multidimensional associations between menarche and socioeconomic variables. The article is based on data collected from the rural area of Choszczno in the West Pomerania district of Poland between 1987 and 2001. Girls were asked about the appearance of first menstruation (a yes/no method). The average menarchal age was estimated by the probit analysis method, using second grade polynomials. The socioeconomic status of the girls' families was determined using five qualitative variables: fathers' and mothers' educational level, source of income, household appliances and the number of children in a family. For classification based on five socioeconomic variables, one of the most effective algorithms CART (Classification and Regression Trees) was used. In 2001 the menarchal age in 66% of examined girls was properly classified, while a higher efficiency of 70% was obtained for girls examined in 1987. The decision trees method enabled the definition of the hierarchy of socioeconomic variables influencing girls' biological development level. The strongest discriminatory power was attributed to the number of children in a family, and the mother's and then father's educational level. Using this method it is possible to detect differences in strength of socioeconomic variables associated with girls' pubescence before 1987 and after 2001 during the transformation of the economic and political systems in Poland. However, the decision trees method is infrequently applied in social sciences and constitutes a novelty; this article proves its usefulness in examining relations between biological processes and a population's living conditions.
Entry and sequential distribution of an aquatic birnavirus in turbot ( Scophthdmus maximus )

Experimental infections with a birnavims strain isolated from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were conducted by immersion and intraperitoneal injection in turbot. Virus could be recovered in skin, mucus and intestine from fish infected by immersion, only up to 3 days post-infection. The distribution in internal organs was fast after intraperitoneal injection and virus was recovered with high titres from intestine, kidney, liver and spleen. The lowest titres were detected in brain and gills. Virus was isolated from plasma and blood fractions of the intraperitoneally infected turbot. Preliminary work on the influence on infection of turbot by intraperitoneal injection on the haematological parameters shows that there is no significant difference between infected and uninfected fish in the haematocrit value, number of leukocytes and concentration of plasma proteins.
Global Enhancement but Local Suppression in Feature-based Attention

A key property of feature-based attention is global facilitation of the attended feature throughout the visual field. Previously, we presented superimposed red and blue randomly moving dot kinematograms (RDKs) flickering at a different frequency each to elicit frequency-specific steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) that allowed us to analyze neural dynamics in early visual cortex when participants shifted attention to one of the two colors. Results showed amplification of the attended and suppression of the unattended color as measured by SSVEP amplitudes. Here, we tested whether the suppression of the unattended color also operates globally. To this end, we presented superimposed flickering red and blue RDKs in the center of a screen and a red and blue RDK in the left and right periphery, respectively, also flickering at different frequencies. Participants shifted attention to one color of the superimposed RDKs in the center to discriminate coherent motion events in the attended from the unattended color RDK, whereas the peripheral RDKs were task irrelevant. SSVEP amplitudes elicited by the centrally presented RDKs confirmed the previous findings of amplification and suppression. For peripherally located RDKs, we found the expected SSVEP amplitude increase, relative to precue baseline when color matched the one of the centrally attended RDK. We found no reduction in SSVEP amplitude relative to precue baseline, when the peripheral color matched the unattended one of the central RDK, indicating that, while facilitation in feature-based attention operates globally, suppression seems to be linked to the location of focused attention.
Expression of a breast‐cancer‐associated protein (pS2) in human neuro‐endocrine tumours

pS2 protein expression has been demonstrated in a range of malignant tissues in an oestrogen‐independent pathway. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pS2, in prostate cancer, is closely associated with neuro‐endocrine differentiation. In the present study, we have analyzed, by immunohistochemistry along with microwave antigen retrieval, the expression of pS2 protein in a retrospective series of 236 human primary neuro‐endocrine tumours and attempted to correlate this with the clinicopathologic features of patients and the presence of oestrogen receptor (ER). pS2 immunoreactivity was detected in 42% of small‐cell lung carcinomas, 36% of lung carcinoids, 33% of phaeochromocytomas, 38% of carotid‐body tumours, 31% of pancreatic neuro‐endocrine tumours, 60% of stomach carcinoids, 55% of ileal carcinoids, 23% of appendiceal carcinoids and 86% of rectal carcinoids respectively in more than 10% tumour cells. No pituitary tumours displayed pS2 immunoreactivity. pS2 transcript was also detected in lung carcinoid and carotid‐body tumours by Northern‐blot analysis. There was a statistically higher incidence of pS2 expression in carcinoid tumours of the ileum and rectum than in those of the appendix. No association was observed between pS2 expression and the occurrence of the carcinoid syndrome; nor was any correlation observed between the occurrence of pS2 immunoreactivity and that of ER. Our results suggest that the expression of the pS2 protein in a wide spectrum of neuro‐endocrine tumours may be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of some neuro‐endocrine tumours in an oestrogen‐independent pathway. Int. J. Cancer 74:270‐274, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
COST OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN PAKISTAN.

BACKGROUND Detailed cost analysis is an important tool for review of health policy and reforms. We provide an estimate of cost of service and its detailed breakup on out-door patient visits (OPV) to basic health units (BHU) in Pakistan. METHOD Six BHUs were randomly selected from each of the five districts in Khyber Pukhtonkhawa (KPK) and two agencies in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan for this study. Actual expenditure data and utilization data in the year 2005-06 of 42 BHUs was collected from selected district health offices in KPK and FATA. Costs were estimated for outpatient visits to BHUs. Perspective on cost estimates was district-based health planning and management of BHUs. RESULTS Average recurring cost was PKR.245 (USD 4.1) per OPV to BHU. Staff salaries constituted 90% of recurrent cost. On the average there were 16 OPV per day to the BHUs. CONCLUDION: Recurrent cost per OPV has doubled from the previous estimates of cost of OPV in Baluchistan. The estimated recurrent cost was six times higher than average consultation charges with the private general practitioner (GP) in the country (i.e., PKR 50/ GP consultation). Performance of majority of the BHUs was much lower than the performance target (50 patients per day) set in the sixth five-year plan of the government of Pakistan. The Government of Pakistan may use these analyses to revisit the performance target, staffinL and location of BHUs.
Post-Baccalaureate Enrollment Patterns: Exploring the Relationship between Undergraduate Student Loan Borrowing Level and Timing of Initial Entry to Master's Degree or First Professional Degree Programs.

MALIWESKY, MARTIN J., Ph.D., June 2012, Higher Education Post-baccalaureate Enrollment Patterns: Exploring the Relationship between Undergraduate Student Loan Borrowing Level and Timing of Initial Entry to Master’s Degree or First Professional Degree Programs (187 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Valerie Martin Conley This study was undertaken to (a) expand scholarship on the impact of undergraduate student loan borrowing level on the timing of initial entry to master’s degree or first professional degree programs, and (b) to assist higher education policy makers and practitioners in serving the needs of students as they progress through the various stages of education leading to initial enrollment in a master’s degree or first professional degree program. The study utilized secondary data from the 2007-2008 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study Graduate and First Professional (NPSAS:08 G1P) dataset to address a series of six quantitative research questions designed to assess the topic of interest. The structure of the study was designed to (a) describe seven student background characteristics of the sub-populations of master’s degree and first professional degree students enrolled between July1, 2007 and June 30, 2008, (b) test the statistical significance of relationships in the seven selected student background characteristics for individuals classified as immediate entry versus delayed entry master’s degree or first professional degree students, and (c) to determine the association between any of the seven selected student background characteristics and whether an individual will enroll in
Anatomy of the human ovarian insulin-like growth factor system.

In situ hybridization was used to map insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system gene expression in ovaries from an anencephalic infant and several young women. Growing oocytes in infant and mature ovaries expressed transcripts for IGF-I and IGF-II, respectively, and all oocytes expressed abundant IGF-I receptor transcripts, raising the possibility of autocrine IGF function in oocyte maturation. IGF-I mRNA was not detected in the mature ovary, but IGF-II mRNA was localized in follicular blood vessels and in granulosa cells (GC) and was especially abundant in the GC of atretic as opposed to young follicles. IGF-I receptor mRNA was abundant in GC of antral and atretic follicles, and was expressed at low levels in the thecal and interstitial compartments. IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 1 mRNA was not detected, but IGFBPs 2-5 mRNAs each demonstrated a unique ovarian distribution. IGFBP2 mRNA was abundant in GC and thecal cells at all stages of development. IGFBP3 mRNA was detected only in the endothelium of ovarian blood vessels. IGFBP4 mRNA was also localized in endothelium, but in addition was present in stromal connective tissue and in GC of the one Graafian follicle detected in this study, but not consistently in atretic follicles. IGFBP5 mRNA was expressed by luminal or cumulus GC in virtually all follicles and was highly abundant in stromal interstitial cells of the mature ovary. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oligonucleotide transformation of yeast reveals mismatch repair complexes to be differentially active on DNA replication strands

Transformation of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes with single-stranded oligonucleotides can transfer sequence information from the oligonucleotide to the chromosome. We have studied this process using oligonucleotides that correct a −1 frameshift mutation in the LYS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate that transformation by oligonucleotides occurs preferentially on the lagging strand of replication and is strongly inhibited by the mismatch-repair system. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which oligonucleotides anneal to single-stranded regions of DNA at a replication fork and serve as primers for DNA synthesis. Because the mispairs the primers create are efficiently removed by the mismatch-repair system, single-stranded oligonucleotides can be used to probe mismatch-repair function in a chromosomal context. Removal of mispairs created by annealing of the single-stranded oligonucleotides to the chromosomal DNA is as expected, with 7-nt loops being recognized solely by MutSβ and 1-nt loops being recognized by both MutSα and MutSβ. We also find evidence for Mlh1-independent repair of 7-nt, but not 1-nt, loops. Unexpectedly, we find a strand asymmetry of mismatch-repair function; transformation is blocked more efficiently by MutSα on the lagging strand of replication, whereas MutSβ does not show a significant strand bias. These results suggest an inherent strand-related difference in how the yeast MutSα and MutSβ complexes access and/or repair mismatches that arise in the context of DNA replication.
The Impact of Reduced Pulse Oximetry Use on Alarm Frequency.

BACKGROUND Concerns about alarm fatigue prompted The Joint Commission to issue a Sentinel Event Alert urging hospitals to minimize alarms. We previously conducted a quality improvement project on a single unit that reduced time on continuous pulse oximetry, a common source of physiologic monitor alarms, for patients with wheezing (ie, asthma and bronchiolitis, wheezing-associated respiratory infections). OBJECTIVE To study the impact of our improvement work on overall physiologic monitor alarm frequency for these patients. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study at a freestanding children's hospital over an 8-week period. We compared alarm count, including respiratory, cardiac, and pulse oximetry alarms, for patients admitted to the intervention unit with the alarm count for similar patients on a control unit by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. We used negative binomial regression to evaluate differences in alarm count between the units, adjusting for age, medical comorbidity, and length of stay. RESULTS There were 101 patients on the intervention unit and 46 patients on the control unit. The percentage of patients with medical comorbidities was significantly higher on the intervention unit (P=.01). Median alarm count per day for patients on the intervention unit was lower; however, this difference was not statistically significant (71 vs 76 alarms per patient-day, P=.29). The multivariable model estimated a nonsignificant 6.4-count decrease in alarms for patients on the intervention unit. CONCLUSIONS Reducing continuous pulse oximetry use alone may not make substantial reductions in overall alarm counts. Even on our intervention unit, alarm burden remained quite high.
Outcomes of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery

Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement has been used for more than 20 years, but its uptake has been limited. The volumes have increased steadily over the last 10 years, but it is still not regarded as a mainstream procedure. The issue, to some extent, is due to the lack of perceived evidence that minimal access incisions confer any benefit other than cosmetic appearance. In this article, the current literature on minimally invasive aortic valve replacement is reviewed, and it is concluded that benefits are demonstrable, particularly in higher risk, comorbid settings.