Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flavor components of monoterpenes in citrus essential oils enhance the release of monoamines from rat brain slices

Abstract Citrus essential oils have been utilized widely in traditional medicine, and there are various reports of actions such as effects on behavior and effects on pain stimulation response due to exposure. However, there are no reports concerning effects on neurotransmitters after ingestion, and uptake within the brain. We used brain tissue slices to investigate the effect of compounds in lemon essential oil on monoamine release. We investigated R-limonene, γ-terpinene and citral, major components of lemon essential oil; S-limonene, an isomer of R-limonene and metabolites of these compounds. The effect of each compound on monoamine release from brain tissue slices was found to be dose-dependent. R-Limonene and its S-isomer demonstrated differences with regard to monoamine release from brain tissue. S-Limonene and its metabolites were found to have a stronger effect than the R-isomer. Limonene metabolites taken up in vivo were also found to have a stronger effect on monoamine release than both the R-form and the S-form. In an investigation of dopamine release using stratum slices, terpinene and pinene demonstrated no clear differences in activity attributable to isomers. However, ρ-cymene, a γ-terpinene metabolite, was found to have a stronger effect than γ-terpinene. These results suggest that the metabolites of these monoterpene compounds contained in citrus essential oils have a stronger effect on monoamine release from brain tissue than the monoterpene compounds themselves.
Dynamic Output Feedback Control of Discrete-Time Markov Jump Linear Systems through Linear Matrix Inequalities

This paper addresses the ${\cal H}_2$ and ${\cal H}_\infty$ dynamic output feedback control design problems of discrete-time Markov jump linear systems. Under the mode-dependent assumption, which means that the Markov parameters are available for feedback, the main contribution is the complete characterization of all full order proper Markov jump linear controllers such that the ${\cal H}_2$ or ${\cal H}_\infty$ norm of the closed loop system remains bounded by a given prespecified level, yielding the global solution to the corresponding mode-dependent optimal control design problem, expressed in terms of pure linear matrix inequalities. Some academic examples are solved for illustration and comparison. As a more consequent practical application, the networked control of a vehicle platoon using measurement signals transmitted in a Markov channel, as initially proposed in [P. Seiler and R. Sengupta, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 50 (2005), pp. 356-364], is considered.
Detection of breast cancer on screening mammography allows patients to be treated with less-toxic therapy.

OBJECTIVE Therapy for breast cancer is accompanied by acute and chronic toxicity. Little research has been conducted to determine the impact of the mode of breast cancer detection on the likelihood of receiving different types of treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether detection of breast cancer on screening mammography is associated with less-toxic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group for this retrospective cohort study consisted of 992 women with invasive breast cancer detected on screening mammography (n = 460) or at physical examination (n = 532) at a single institution between 1990 and 2001. To address the generalizability of study findings, we compared the characteristics of study participants with those diagnosed with breast cancer in a population-based mammography registry. RESULTS The patients whose breast cancer was detected on screening mammography more frequently had lymph nodes free of metastases (84% vs 58%, p < 0.0001), had smaller tumors (1.5 vs 2.9 cm, p < 0.0001), were more likely to be treated with breast conservation (56% vs 32%, p < 0.0001), and were less likely to be treated with chemotherapy (28% vs 56%, p < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis with adjustments for age and functional status, patients whose cancer was detected at physical examination were more than twice as likely to undergo mastectomy (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.3) and nearly three times as likely to be treated with chemotherapy (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.1-3.9). For younger women (40-49 years old), the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy was more than doubled if the cancer was detected at physical examination rather than on screening mammograms (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-4.0). For older women (>/= 70 years old), patients whose cancer was detected at physical examination were five times more likely to undergo mastectomy (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 3.2-10.5) and four times more likely to receive chemotherapy (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.6-13) than the group whose tumors were detected on screening mammography. CONCLUSION Breast cancers detected on screening mammography are smaller, are less likely to metastasize to lymph nodes, and are more likely to be treated with breast conservation and without chemotherapy. These findings provide an additional rationale for performing screening mammography, especially for women at age extremes for whom the survival benefit of screening mammography is debated.
Evolving Concepts About the Role of Acidosis in Ischemic Neuropathology

Abstract: Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common neurological insults. Many pathological events are undoubtedly triggered by ischemia, but only recently has it become accepted that ischemic cell injury arises from a complex interaction between multiple biochemical cascades. Tissue acidosis is a well established feature of ischemic brain tissue, but its role in ischemic neuropathology is still not fully understood. Within the last few years, new evidence has challenged the historically negative view of acidosis and suggests that it may play more of a beneficial role than previously thought. This review reintroduces the concept of acidosis to ischemic brain injury and presents some new perspectives on its neuroprotective potential.
Assessment of NADPH-diaphorase stained myenteric neurons of the jejunum of diabetic rats supplemented with

Silverio S.M. , Mari R.B. , Clebis N.K. , Scoz J.R. , Germano R.M. , Agreste F. , Bombonato P.P. & Stabille S.R. 2008. Assessment of NADPH-diaphorase stained myenteric neurons of the jejunum of diabetic rats supplemented with ascorbic acid. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 28(2):95-102. Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, UNIPAR, Campus-Paranavai, Av. Huberto Bruning 360, Jardim Santos Dumont, Paranavai, PR 87706-490, Brazil. E-mail: srstabille@wnet.com. br The relation between hyperglycemia and diabetic neuropathy has already been demonstrated in some studies. Among the theories proposed for its etiology the oxidative stress stands out. The performance of nitric oxide as a link between the metabolic and vascular neuropathogenic factors that triggers the diabetic neuropathy has already been put forward. This study aimed to assess the quantification and measurements of the cell body profile area (CBPA) of NADPH-diaphorase reactive (NADPH-dp) myenteric neurons of the jejunum of diabetic rats (induced by streptozotocin) supplemented with Ascorbic Acid (AA). These changes in the myenteric neurons seem to be related to the gastrointestinal disturbances observed in diabetes mellitus (DM). Twenty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed in 4 groups (n=5): controls (C), control supplemented (CS), diabetic (D), and diabetic suplemented (DS). DM was induced by estreptozotocin (50mg/ kg body wt). One week after the induction and confirmation of the DM (glycemia exam), animals of the groups CS and DS received 50mg of AA three times a week by gavage. After 90 days of experiment, the animals were anesthetized with lethal thiopental dose (40mg/kg) and the collected jejunum processed for the histochemistry NADPH-diaphorase technique. Whole-mount preparations were obtained for quantitative and morphometric analysis of the myenteric neurons. A quantity of jejunum neurons in the Group D (96±7.5) was not different (P>0.05) from Group DS (116±8.08), C (92±9.7), and CS (81±5.4), but in Group DS the quantity was higher (P<0.05) than in Group C and CS. The CBPA of neurons from Group D (189.50±2.68μm 2 ) and DS (195.92±3.75μm 2 ) were lower (P<0.05) than from Group C (225.13±4.37μm 2 ) and CS (210.23±3.15μm 2 ). The streptozotocin-induced DM did not change the jejunum-ileum area, the jejunum myenteric plexus space organization and the density of NADPH-dp neurons. The 50g AA-supplementation, three times a week, during 90 days, did not decrease hyperglycemia; however, it had a neuroprotective effect on the myenteric neurons, minimizing the increase on the CBPA of NADPH-dp neurons and increasing the amount of NADPD-dp neurons.
Plasmodium chabaudi antigen Pch105, Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155, and erythrocyte band 3 share cross-reactive epitopes

By immunoblotting with a number of monoclonal antibodies raised in human and murine malaria systems, we have been able to establish the presence of cross-reactive epitopes on the Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigen Pf155/RESA and its proposed Plasmodium chabaudi analog Pch105. These findings were confirmed when the same antibodies were tested in an immunofluorescence assay. By using short synthetic peptides corresponding to repeated sequences in the C terminus of the Pf155 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the cross-reacting epitope was found to be localized to this repeat segment. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody to murine erythrocyte band 3 which also cross-reacted with human band 3 bound to both Pch105 and Pf155 as well as to the synthetic peptides, suggesting that these proteins share a related epitope. The cross-reactions reflect the existence of sequence homologies of band 3 with these plasmodial proteins. This molecular similarity may be used by the parasite to disturb the rigidity of the erythrocyte membrane, thereby facilitating its entrance into the cell.
The G.L. Brown Prize Lecture. Voltage‐dependent calcium channels and their modulation by neurotransmitters and G proteins

4. Calcium channel cloning 4.1. Skeletal muscle L-channel a1-subunit 4.2. Other L-channel a,-subunits 4.3. N-channel al-subunit 4.4. Other a1-subunits 4.5. f8-Subunits 4.6. The a2-4-subunit 4.7. The y-subunit 5. Structure-function studies of cloned calcium channels 6. Localization of calcium channels and interaction with other structures 7. Regulation ofHVA calcium channel currents by phosphorylation and second
Localization of P42 and F1-ATPase α-Subunit Homolog of the Gliding Machinery in Mycoplasma mobile Revealed by Newly Developed Gene Manipulation and Fluorescent Protein Tagging

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma mobile has a unique mechanism that enables it to glide on solid surfaces faster than any other gliding mycoplasma. To elucidate the gliding mechanism, we developed a transformation system for M. mobile based on a transposon derived from Tn4001. Modification of the electroporation conditions, outgrowth time, and colony formation from the standard method for Mycoplasma species enabled successful transformation. A fluorescent-protein tagging technique was developed using the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) and applied to two proteins that have been suggested to be involved in the gliding mechanism: P42 (MMOB1050), which is transcribed as continuous mRNA with other proteins essential for gliding, and a homolog of the F1-ATPase α-subunit (MMOB1660). Analysis of the amino acid sequence of P42 by PSI-BLAST suggested that P42 evolved from a common ancestor with FtsZ, the bacterial tubulin homologue. The roles of P42 and the F1-ATPase subunit homolog are discussed as part of our proposed gliding mechanism.
Synthesis of biodegradative threonine dehydratase in Escherichia coli: role of amino acids, electron acceptors, and certain intermediary metabolites

The specific activity of inducible biodegradative threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.16) in Escherichia coli K-12 increased significantly when the standard tryptone-yeast extract medium or a synthetic mixture of 18 L-amino acids was supplemented with 10 mM KNO3 or 50 mM fumarate and with 4 mM cyclic AMP. In absolute terms, almost four times as much enzyme was produced in the amino acid medium as in the tryptone-yeast extract medium. Enzyme induction in the amino acid medium was sensitive to catabolite repression by glucose, gluconate, glycerol, and pyruvate. An analysis of amino acid requirements for enzyme induction showed that a combination of only four amino acids, threonine, serine, valine, and isoleucine, produced high levels of threonine dehydratase provided that both fumarate and cyclic AMP were present. Immunochemical data revealed that the enzyme synthesized in the presence of these four amino acids was indistinguishable from that produced in the tryptone-yeast extract or the medium with 18 amino acids. We interpret these results to mean that not the amino acids themselves but some metabolites derived anaerobically in reactions involving an electron acceptor may function as putative regulatory molecule(s) in the anaerobic induction of this enzyme.
Ciliary body medulloepithelioma: clinical, ultrasound biomicroscopic and histopathologic correlation

A 3‐year‐old girl presented with a distorted pupil and decrease of visual acuity. A ciliary body mass at the superior‐temporal quadrant could be seen at slit‐lamp examination. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a lesion with lobulated surface, arising at the ciliary body, composed of compact and cystic areas. An iridocyclectomy was performed but the tumour recurred after a few months. The eye was then enucleated. Histopathologic evaluation showed sheets and cords of proliferated medullary epithelium. Cystic spaces and Flexner‐Wintersteiner rosettes were also seen. Those findings correlated well with ultrasound biomicroscopic images. The knowledge of echographic characteristics can significantly assist in the diagnosis of medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body.
Designing and remotely testing mobile diabetes video games

We have investigated game design and usability for three mobile phone video games designed to deliver diabetes education. The games were refined using focus groups. Six people with diabetes participated in the first focus group and five in the second. Following the focus groups, we incorporated the new findings into the game design, and then conducted a field test to evaluate the games in the context in which they would actually be used. Data were collected remotely about game usage by eight people with diabetes. The testers averaged 45 seconds per question and answered an average of 50 total nutrition questions each. They self-reported playing the game for 10–30 min, which coincided with the measured metrics of the game. Mobile games may represent a promising new way to engage the user and deliver relevant educational content.
That’s What Friends Are For

The present research examined bystander responses to potential party rape scenarios involving either a friend or a stranger at risk. Undergraduate students (N = 151) imagined attending a party and seeing a man lead an intoxicated woman (friend or stranger) into a bedroom. After random assignment to conditions, participants reported on intentions to help, barriers to helping, victim blame, and empathic concern. As expected, based on their shared social group membership, bystanders intended to offer more help to friends than to strangers. Bystanders also reported more personal responsibility to help and more empathic concern when the potential victim was a friend rather than stranger. Observing a friend versus stranger at risk did not affect audience inhibition or perceived victim blame. Compared with women, men reported more blame and less empathic concern for potential victims. However, there were no gender differences in bystander intent to help or barriers to helping. In multivariate analyses, both responsibility to help and empathic concern for the potential victim uniquely predicted bystanders’ intent to help a woman at risk for party rape. Results suggest that promoting social identification with peers at risk could increase bystander intervention.
Induction and modulation of resistance in crop plants against disease by bioagent fungi ( arbuscular mycorrhiza ) and hormonal elicitors and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and bacteria and hormonal elicitors can interact synergistically to stimulate plant growth through a range of mechanisms that include improved nutrient acquisition and inhibition of fungal plant pathogens. These interactions may be of crucial importance within sustainable, low-input agricultural cropping systems that rely on biological processes rather than agrochemicals to maintain soil fertility and plant health. Although there are many studies concerning interactions between AM fungi and bacteria and hormonal elicitors the underlying mechanisms behind these associations are in general not very well understood, and their functional properties still require further experimental confirmation. Future mycorrhizal research In this context, the present article seeks to review and discuss the current knowledge concerning interactions between AM fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, and hormonal elicitors physical interactions between AM fungi and bacteria, and hormonal enhancement of phosphorus and nitrogen bioavailability through such interactions, and finally the associations between AM fungi and their bacterial endosymbionts. Overall, this review summarizes what is known to date within the present field, and attempts to identify promising lines of future research.
TTF‐1 and napsin A on cell blocks and supernatants of pleural fluids for labeling malignant effusions

In this retrospective study of 80 pleural effusions, the combination of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF‐1) and napsin A immunostaining on fluid cell blocks was positive in 80% of lung adenocarcinomas. Although measuring TTF‐1 pleural fluid concentrations was of no value, quantification of napsin A levels allowed the identification of one third of the double‐negative stained lung adenocarcinomas, with an overall accuracy similar to classical tumour markers for malignant–benign discrimination (sensitivity 40%, specificity 100%).
In-vitro activity of Ro-15-8074, a new oral cephalosporin.

The in-vitro activity of Ro-15-8074, a new oral cephalosporin, was tested against common clinical isolates, and compared with the in-vitro activity of cefaclor, cefadroxil, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. Its activity against Enterobacteriaceae was better than those of the other antibiotics tested. It was also highly active against Haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase producing strains. Its activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. , was poor. Ro-15-8074 was less active against staphylococci and group D streptococci than were cefaclor, cefadroxil and ampicillin. It was equally or less active than cefaclor, cefadroxil, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole against other streptococci.
Percutaneous treatment of de novo unprotected left main stenosis in unselected consecutive patients: Experience of a high volume center

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been increasingly employed to treat unprotected left main (ULM) stenosis, with hard endpoints similar to by-pass surgery, in patients selected by a Heart Team. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2011, 317 unselected and consecutive patients with de novo ULM stenosis underwent PCI with both bare metal (BMS) and drug-eluting (DES) stents. Major adverse cardiovascular events, target lesion (TLR) and vessel (TVR) revascularization were evaluated over a mean period of 590 ± 371 days. Results: Our population was characterized by a mean age 72 ± 10 years, high rate of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (either with ST or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, 15.5% and 35% respectively), severe comorbidity 16%, mean Euroscore 7 ± 3, mean Syntax Score 25 ± 9. In-hospital mortality was 6%. During the follow-up period, all-cause mortality was 16.7%, falling to 7% at the end of the follow-up, excluding patients presenting with ACS. TLR was observed and treated in 15% of patients. BMS utilization, age >75 years, ACS indication, Syntax Score >32 and associated peripheral artery disease were independent predictors of mortality at multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Stenting of ULM stenosis appears to be associated with a favorable mid-term outcome, even in an unselected population.
Positive Symptoms Are Associated With Clinicians’ Global Impression in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia

Abstract Previous investigations on the relationship between global rating measures and symptoms have not considered the additional role of functioning. In this naturalistic study, we examined the relationship between symptom domains and functioning on Clinical Global Impression scales for severity (CGI-S) and improvement (CGI-I) in a sample of patients with schizophrenia assessed to be treatment resistant. Participants were patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who failed 2 prior antipsychotic trials and were considered candidates for clozapine. They were assessed on the 18-item Brief Psychiatric rating Scale (BPRS), Social Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and CGI-S at baseline. A subset of patients was followed up at 6 weeks after initiation of clozapine and assessed on the CGI-I. The independent effects of symptom domains and functioning on the CGI scales were examined via multivariate regression models. Brief Psychiatric rating Scale positive factor (P < 0.001) and SOFAS (P < 0.001) scores were significant determinants of CGI-S at baseline. Multivariate models suggested that relative change measures had a better fit for the CGI-I compared to absolute change measures (R2 = 0.72 vs R2 = 0.61, respectively). Improvements in BPRS positive (P < 0.001) and affect (P = 0.002) factors and SOFAS (P = 0.030) scores were significant determinants of CGI-I. Ratings of 1 and 2 on the CGI-I corresponded to a mean relative change in the BPRS total of 65% and 41%, respectively. Positive symptoms were a key determinant of clinicians’ impression of severity and improvement in this study. Although psychosocial functioning played a large part in determining severity, it was not as significant in the assessment of improvement.
THEORY OF CHARACTER: EMMA

"Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich. [. ]" Already I am caught. How is it possible to refuse the illusion that Emma Woodhouse was a woman whom I can discuss with as much unself-consciousness as the woman next door? At the very moment I refer to her (her: third person, feminine), I have already tacitly removed her from the novel, credited her with an independent life, and assumed a mimetic theory of character. *
Electrocardiographic findings in adolescents with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of electrocardiographic findings in adolescents with eating disorders. STUDY DESIGN We undertook matched case-control study of electrocardiographic findings at initial assessment in 62 adolescents with anorexia nervosa, 9 with bulimia nervosa, and 26 with eating disorder not otherwise specified presenting from March 1995 to September 1996. RESULTS Mean (+/- 1 standard deviation) age was 15.0 +/- 1.4 years (95% were female). Patients with anorexia nervosa had significantly lower heart rates (mean case-control difference: -20 +/- 17 beats per minute), lower R in V(6) (-2.6 +/- 5.5 mm), longer QRS interval (+.004 +/-.010 seconds), shorter mean QTc (-.0136 +/-.033 seconds) and lesser QTc dispersion (-.010 +/-. 031 seconds). The bulimia nervosa group had slightly longer mean QTc (.019 +/-.020 seconds), with no significant case-control differences in the eating disorder not otherwise specified group. CONCLUSION Electrocardiographic findings are abnormal in adolescents with anorexia nervosa but not in adolescents with bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified.