Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dermal spindle cell lipoma: plexiform and nodular variants

We report on eleven cases of a distinctive dermal spindle cell lipoma characterized by a mixture of mature adipocytes and spindle‐shaped cells in a fibromucinous background. Six lesions showed a moderately well circumscribed plexiform pattern, five a well demarcated nodular pattern with compression of surrounding connective tissue and prominent stromal fibrosis. Clinically, the plexiform type mostly occurred in the thigh‐groin‐buttock area and the nodular type in the head‐neck or acral location. While plexiform lesions were predominantly seen in middle‐aged females, nodular types occurred in young adults of either sex. No recurrence was seen in five patients with follow‐up. The tumour cells were vimentin positive and a thin cytomplasmic rim of S‐100 protein positivity was seen in mature adipocytes. Ultrastructural studies revealed lipoblastic differentiation of spindle‐shaped cells with lipid droplets and basal lamina formation. Dermal spindle cell lipomas seem to be the dermal counterpart of the most subcutaneously located spindle cell lipoma.
Literature on stock returns: A content analysis

In stock market, the investors’ invest their savings with an expectation of earning some income. This income may be termed as “stock returns” which may be in the form of profits earned from trading of shares or the dividends received. These dividends may be paid to the shareholders out of the profits earned; may be quarterly, half yearly, yearly, etc. The stock prices or returns are bound to be affected by various risks occurring within a country and also events occurring across the world. Abstract The objective of any investment is to earn return. Return on the amount invested in stocks includes dividend and capital appreciation. These returns are influenced by both systematic and unsystematic risks. Systematic risk includes the macroeconomic variables and unsystematic risk includes firm specific factors. The stock returns is an area of study wherein many research scholars have shown immense interest for past several years. The purpose of this analytical study is to conduct a content analysis of literature of stock returns over a period of 15 years, i.e., 2000-2014 and in 63 different journals. To analyze the research work in the area of stock returns, information was extracted from 368 research papers related to stock returns. The study found that a significant amount of research work has been done in the past 15 years on stock returns across globe and results are positive. The factors analyzed in the study such as predictability/forecasting of stock returns, volatility/variability of stock returns, stock returns and inflation, etc will indeed help the stock exchanges, regulators, Government and other concerned parties. The study concluded that the areas such as predictability/forecasting of stock returns, volatility/variability of stock returns and the risk and liquidity aspect of stock returns have been the major areas of interest of many researchers for past 15 years.
Cataract surgery and intraocular lens manufacturing in India

Purpose of review Cataract surgery in India has seen exponential growth in the past decade. This leap was possible due to cost-effective cataract surgery with intraocular lenses. The purpose of this review is to update the reader regarding the Indian scenario of cataract surgery and intraocular lens manufacturing. Recent findings India performed an estimated 0.5 million cataract surgeries in 1981–1982; this increased to 4.8 million in 2006 with 90% intraocular lens acceptance. There has been a sustained shift from sutured extracapsular cataract surgery to small-incision cataract surgery. Phacoemulsification with foldable lenses is becoming the surgical choice in the urban setting. The Indian intraocular lens industry is maturing from a low-cost manufacturer to a quality-conscious, technology-driven and value-priced industry to meet present and future market needs. Summary The burden of cataract blindness is a major challenge for all developing countries. India has managed to improve its cataract surgical rate by an amalgam of factors such as low surgical costs, low-cost indigenous eye-care consumables, infrastructure development and enhanced training. The findings from this review will be useful to develop strategies to enhance the uptake of cataract surgery in developing countries.
Predictive coding of speech signals and subjective error criteria

Predictive coding methods attempt to minimize the r.m.s. error in the coded signal. However, the human ear does not perceive signal distortion on the basis of r.m.s. error regardless of its spectral shape relative to the signal spectrum. Specifically, for speech signals, the locations of the formant frequencies and their rates of change with time influence the audibility, and thus the subjective distortion of any quantizing noise. In this paper, methods for reducing the subjective distortion in predictive coders for speech siganls are described and evaluated. Improved speech quality is obtained a) by efficient removal of formant and pitch related redundant structure of speech before quantizing and b) by effective masking of the quantizer noise by the speech signal.
Analytical Solution of the Magnetic Field and EMF Calculation in Ironless BLDC Motor

The ironless brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely used for flywheel due to their light mass, high efficiency, and high inertia-to-mass ratio. In this paper, a 2-D analytical solution for predicting the magnetic field distribution in an ironless BLDC motor is presented and compared with the 2-D finite-element method (FEM). The results of the proposed 2-D analytical method and the 2-D FEM are in good agreement. It is also found that the intensity and direction of the magnetic field change largely in the coil region, which makes the electromotive force (EMF) of strands in one coil package different from one another. Hence, three different models to calculate the EMF of ironless BLDC motor are proposed and compared. Meanwhile, both the axial end effect and the influence of end winding on EMF are considered, and then, a correction factor is proposed for the ironless BLDC motor. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the experimental results. Due to its accuracy and computational speed, the method can be used in the design and optimization of ironless BLDC motors.
Career Decision of Accounting Students and Its Influencing Factors: A Study of University Accounting Students in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence university accounting students’ career choices. The testing was done by dividing respondents into 2 (two) categories. First, students who want to work as public accountants, assuming that the public accountant profession provides better job opportunities and this field is in accordance with the field that they engage in. Second, students who are not willing to become public accountants, assuming that the profession other than public accountants will provide wider career opportunities and will have low levels of stress. From both analyses, this research tried to find the factors that have strong influences in the selection of accounting university students' career, either as the public accountant or else. The research results prove that the profession that will be taken after graduating is very dependent on their respective perceptions of the expectations and opportunities that will be accepted by them when choosing a profession.
CDC42 Is Required for Polarized Growth in Human Pathogen Candida albicans

ABSTRACT Cdc42p is a member of the RAS superfamily of GTPases and plays an essential role in polarized growth in many eukaryotic cells. We cloned the Candida albicans CaCDC42 by functional complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analyzed its function in C. albicans. A double deletion of CaCDC42 was made in a C. albicans strain containing CaCDC42 under the control of the PCK1 promoter. When expression of the heterologous copy of CaCDC42 was repressed in this strain, the cells ceased proliferation. These arrested cells were large, round, and unbudded and contained predominantly two nuclei. The PCK1-mediated overexpression of wild-type CaCdc42p had no effect on cells. However, in cells overexpressing CaCdc42p containing the dominant-negative D118A substitution, proliferation was blocked and the arrested cells were large, round, unbudded, and multinucleated, similar to the phenotype of the cdc42 double-deletion strain. Cells overexpressing CaCdc42p containing the hyperactive G12V substitution also ceased proliferation in yeast growth medium; in this case the arrested cells were multinucleated and multibudded. An intact CAAX box is essential for the phenotypes associated with either CaCdc42pG12V or CaCdc42pD118A ectopic expression, suggesting that membrane attachment is involved in CaCdc42p function. In addition, the lethality caused by ectopic expression of CaCdc42pG12V was suppressed by deletion of CST20 but not by deletion of CaCLA4. CaCdc42p function was also examined under hypha-inducing conditions. Cdc42p depletion prior to hyphal induction trapped cells in a round, unbudded state, while depletion triggered at the same time as hyphal induction permitted the initiation of germ tubes that failed to be extended. Ectopic expression of either the G12V or D118A substitution protein modified hyphal formation in a CAAX box-dependent manner. Thus, CaCdc42p function appears important for polarized growth of both the yeast and hyphal forms of C. albicans.
The Effect of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Receptor Drugs on Morphine-Induced Spastic Paraparesis After a Noninjurious Interval of Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rats

We have previously demonstrated that intrathecal morphine given after a noninjurious interval of spinal cord ischemia induced transient spastic paraparesis in a rodent model. However, the mechanism of this paraparesis is unknown. We hypothesized that morphine inhibits &ggr;-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons that control the tonus of spinal cord &agr;-motoneurons and that inhibition of spinal cord interneurons may cause spastic paraparesis. In this study, we investigate interactions between morphine and GABAergic agonists or antagonists on motor function after spinal cord ischemia and then clarified the mechanism of the spastic paraparesis induced by intrathecal morphine. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by aortic occlusion lasting 6 min. We first determined whether intrathecally administered GABA agonists (muscimol or baclofen) improve the spastic paraparesis in this model. GABA agonists did not improve the paraparesis. Next, we examined the effect of GABA antagonists (bicuculline or 5-aminovaleric acid) and determined the interaction between morphine and GABA antagonists. In an isobolographic analysis, the 50% effective dose decreased below the theoretical additive line, indicating a synergistic interaction between morphine and GABA antagonists. These results indicate that the spastic paraparesis induced by intrathecal morphine may be mediated in part by GABA receptors.
The next generation of genetic investigations into the Black Death

The study of ancient pathogens from human remains is as fascinating as it is essential for our understanding of past epidemics and human health through the centuries. However, ancient pathogens, such as Yersinia pestis (plague, Black Death) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis), often do not leave unambiguous pathological lesions in the skeletal remains of their victims. Thus, it is not always straightforward to decide whether or not a long-dead individual was affected by a particular pathogen (1). For this reason, researchers have used ancient DNA (aDNA) techniques to search for genetic signatures of pathogens in human remains. In PNAS, Schuenemann et al. (2) turn this approach upside down. In their analysis of 99 human remains from a London burial site known to be associated with the Black Death epidemic of the mid-14th century (and of 10 control individuals not associated with the epidemic), they do not merely attempt to identify the etiological agent in these human remains but, rather, to reconstruct parts of its genetic code. Their aim is to identify whether changes in the genetic code of the Y. pestis-specific pPCP1 plasmid could be responsible for epidemiological differences between ancient and modern forms of Y. pestis infections. Such differences include symptoms, epidemiology, and time of year of peak mortality (2). Using high-throughput sequencing along with the latest DNA hybridization capture techniques, Schuenemann et al. (2) sequence the complete genome of the pPCP1 plasmid of Y. pestis along with some chromosomal markers and markers associated with the pMT plasmid. They find that the pPCP1 plasmid sequence in the ancient remains are consistent with previously sequenced modern variants and conclude that changes in the genetic code of the plasmid are therefore unlikely to be the cause of the known epidemiological differences between ancient and modern forms of the disease.
The cultural impact on international marketing strategy, with a special emphasis of Bangladesh perspective

The purpose of this paper is to examine on the one hand, the importance of the effect of cultural negotiating in an international marketing strategy. This side covers cultural elements such as language, religion, social factors, and how these impact on an international marketing strategy. On the other hand it covers on (Bangladesh side), how culture influences of marketing strategy, what is the main cultural business organization of Bangladesh, how they are doing their business following the cultural strategy and also Bangladesh business environment. The main purpose of this research paper is how culture impacts on an international marketing strategy. In addition, the study also provided insights into the process, as well as direction for progression of the research stream dealing with the behavioural aspect of the international marketing of any organization. The methodology demonstrates that a systematic approach was used in planning the investigation. Various key cultural factors are considered in international business strategy negotiation, with example and suggestions as how to these can be used to achieve success. The findings and analysis chapter presents the qualitative results of the research as outlined in the methodology. The conclusion presents a summary of the work and the conclusions drawn from it. It outlines the strengths and limitations of the study, together with suggested areas for further research.
Exploring Firm-Level Innovation and Productivity in Developing Countries: The Perspective of Caribbean Small States

This monograph explores productivity, innovation, and firm performance, important issues that affect private sector development in the Caribbean region. Using unique and recently available datasets consisting of more than 4,000 surveys at the firm level, and covering 13 Caribbean countries, it examines a set of variables that affect productivity and innovation in the region. The chapters provide a unique perspective on the barriers to innovation, and on how access to finance, competition, foreign direct investment, gender, access to electricity, and public programs affect productivity and innovation at the firm level. The publication culminates with a review of the policy interventions that could have the most impact in increasing firm performance within the region.
Crowdfunding as a Marketing Tool

The exponential growth in the crowdfunding industry, as well as the increased consumer interest in recent years, has led to a growing trend of established producers and businesses using crowdfunding platforms. Crowdfunding allows producers to gauge interest in potential products and to secure a pre-order channel in order to mitigate some of the risks of producing new products. Crowdfunding is thus being increasingly used as a marketing tool, rather than a source of capital. In this paper, we study the strategic aspects of using crowdfunding as a marketing tool. Using a game-theoretical model, we analyze the effect of crowdfunding on producers' strategies and consumers' purchase decisions. Apart from demand estimation and creating a pre-ordering channel, crowdfunding can also be used as a price-discrimination tool. By conditioning the production on the success of their crowdfunding campaigns, producers can compel the high valuation consumers to pay a higher price in order to ensure the product will be produced. We discuss conditions under which it is optimal for producers to use crowdfunding as a price-discrimination tool. Given the innate uncertainties of crowdfunding for consumers, signaling competence by producers is vital to the success of their crowdfunding campaigns. We show that setting a low campaign goal and a high pre-order price are credible tools for producers to signal their competence. Interestingly, we find that consumers' lack of knowledge about the producer's competence always leads to the production of a higher-quality product. In other words, consumers benefit from not knowing the producer's level of competence. Furthermore, we show that under certain conditions, a competent producer's optimal strategy is to opt out of the crowdfunding market, leading to a risk of market failure for crowdfunding platforms. Finally, we discuss the effect of producers being able to commit to quality on their profits and on the quality of the products produced.
A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study of buccal plate thickness of the maxillary and mandibular posterior dentition.

BACKGROUND Buccal plate thickness is of clinical importance in treatment planning for implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccal plate thickness in posterior dentate areas of both the maxilla and mandible using cone beam computed tomography in order to estimate the approximate distributions of this anatomic variable. METHODS Two hundred and sixty-five subjects were included for a total of nine hundred and thirty-four roots assessed by cone beam computed tomography. CBCT scans were taken and evaluated at the ideal buccolingual cross-sections of each root at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm apical to the alveolar crest to measure buccal plate thickness. Data are reported by geometric means and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Both arches demonstrated increasing buccal plate thickness from anterior to posterior. Maxillary teeth had a significant decrease in thickness from coronal to apical along the tooth root (P < 0.001), except at second molars. The first premolar and mesial root of the first molar were significantly thinner than all other roots in the maxilla. Conversely, the mandible demonstrated a significant increase in buccal plate thickness from coronal to apical (P < 0.001). The premolars were significantly thinner than all other roots. Age and sex were found to have limited impact on buccal plate thickness in both arches. CONCLUSIONS Buccal plate thickness is highly dependent upon the arch position, tooth location, and measurement point, but age and sex have limited impact.
Assessing the effectiveness of Vocational Education and Trainings (VET) in Improving Employability: A Case Study of Skills for Employment Programs in Nepal

Education has tremendous scope as an instrument of socio-economic change. Through education knowledge is imparted and skills, interests, attitudes, aspirations and values are developed which contributes to promote socio-economic status. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of Vocational Education and Training (VET) programs in job creation among youths in Nepal. The problem of this study is to ascertain the potency of VET in poverty reduction through engagement in self or wage employment among youths in Nepal. The area of study comprises of the six semi-urban districts of the country in two different occupations; Mason and Solar PV Technician. Descriptive survey design was employed for the study with a population of 226Vocational Education and Training (VET) graduates. Four research questions were formulated and analyzed using arithmetic mean method. The finding of this study revealed that vocational education and trainings can play a vital role in equipping, building and making our youths self-employed, reliable and employable in an industry or company.The study also found that vocational training programs are effective in contributing socio-economic development and poverty reduction. However, the paper recommends that one of the ways by which government should generate employment and reduce poverty is to focus on a functional, technical and vocational education. Relevancy of the trainings and linkages with employment market is to be increased through market study and revising the existing curriculum.
Delegation to and Discretion for the Financial Stability Board and the G20: Transaction Costs or Legitimacy Concerns?, GARNET Working paper N. 75/10

Over the past ten years, the governance of the international financial system has been significantly expanded with the introduction of new forms of interstate cooperation. The thickening of international financial governance is probably most evident in the creation of two international bodies, the FSB and the G20, which came to occupy the sphere of activity of an existing international body, i.e. the IMF. Building on this observation, this paper investigates the motivation that led member states to delegate functions and accord discretion to the FSB and the G20. In doing so, the paper tests the validity of a number of hypotheses developed from PA models in order to assess whether they fully explanatory or whether they should be complemented with more sociological-oriented insights. Reviewing and comparing the functions delegated and the discretion allocated to the FSB and the G20, the empirical findings show that members have delegated functions to the FSB that correspond closely to the functions predicted by PA models, but that delegation to the G20 appears to be driven also by concerns over representation and legitimacy. With regard to discretion, the empirical evidence suggests that the variation in the pattern of discretion reflects the extent of control principals may exercise over the agent. The homogeneity of the principals, together with an ongoing concern about the speed and efficiency of decision-making, also help explain the pattern of discretion accorded to the FSB and the G20.
Analysis of Chromosomal Aberrations in PBL of Chrome Tanning Industrial Workers

In order to monitor the geno-toxic effects of chromium compound, 160 chrome tanning industrial workers (80 each of smoker and non-smoker) were selected from a leather tanning industry to perform the cytogenetic protocol of chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. The workers were further classified into two groups on the basis of their personnel habit (Smoker and Non-Smokers) and on the duration of their employment (1-5, 6-10 and 11-15 years). Even 120 individuals (62 smokers and 58 non-smokers) were also selected as controls for the purpose of comparison. A statistically significant increased frequency of total chromosomal aberrations was observed in the chrome tannery workers (6.20 ± 0.12) as against the control (1.61 ± 0.09). The increased frequencies of aberrations were duration dependent. Even higher incidence of chromosome aberrations was reported among the smoker group of both control and exposed workers. The results clearly establish the mutagenic nature of the chromium compound in human beings.