Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humans Walking on all Four Extremities with Mental Retardation and Dysarthric or no Speech: A Dynamical Systems Perspective

Locomotion is the movement of an organism from one place to another, often by the action of appendages such as flagella, limbs, or wings. In some animals, such as fish, a lumbering locomotion results from a wavelike series of muscle contractions (The American Heritage® Science Dictionary, 2005). Walking is travelling by foot; gait is the manner of locomotion; running is the act of travelling on foot at a fast pace; crawling is a slow mode of hand-knee or hand-foot locomotion. Walking on all four extremities (quadrupedal locomotion, QL) is the trait of the quadruped animals. Non-primate mammals usually utilize lateral-sequence QL, in which the hind limb touchdowns are followed by the ipsilateral forelimb touchdowns (symmetric gait). On the contrary, the non-human primates usually utilize a diagonalsequence QL, in which the hind-limb moves with the contralateral forelimb in a diagonal couplet (asymmetric gait). Interestingly, only the animals exhibiting the diagonal-sequence QL with symmetrical gait evolved towards species with enlarged brains associated with highly complex neural circuits, till the emergence of human beings. The animals exhibiting lateralsequence QL did not show such a phylogenetic progress compared to those with diagonalsequence QL. Figure 1 shows the differences between lateral-(left) and diagonal-sequence (right) patterns of QL.
The Annotated Transformer

A major goal of open-source NLP is to quickly and accurately reproduce the results of new work, in a manner that the community can easily use and modify. While most papers publish enough detail for replication, it still may be difficult to achieve good results in practice. This paper presents a worked exercise of paper reproduction with the goal of implementing the results of the recent Transformer model. The replication exercise aims at simple code structure that follows closely with the original work, while achieving an efficient usable system.
An $L^{p}$ theory of sparse graph convergence II: LD convergence, quotients and right convergence

We extend the LpLp theory of sparse graph limits, which was introduced in a companion paper, by analyzing different notions of convergence. Under suitable restrictions on node weights, we prove the equivalence of metric convergence, quotient convergence, microcanonical ground state energy convergence, microcanonical free energy convergence and large deviation convergence. Our theorems extend the broad applicability of dense graph convergence to all sparse graphs with unbounded average degree, while the proofs require new techniques based on uniform upper regularity. Examples to which our theory applies include stochastic block models, power law graphs and sparse versions of WW-random graphs.
Diversity of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid based on chlorate phenotypes and pathogenicity.

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid causes charcoal disease of oilseed plants. In this study 24 isolates, which were obtained from sunflower, soybean and sesame, were compared based on chlorate phenotypes and pathogenicity tests. For chlorate phenotypes, the isolates were grown on potassium chlorate and stored at 30oC in darkness. For pathogenicity test, seeds of sunflower, soybean and maize plants were placed on 6 – day – old colonies of each Macrophomina isolates grown on PDA and kept at 30oC in the dark. Results indicate that the sesame isolates had more colony radius rate on chlorate minimal medium in comparison to the soybean and sunflower isolates. The sesame isolates were chlorate resistant and grew normally with numerous dark microsclerotia production on the potassium chlorate. The soybean and sunflower isolates were chlorate sensitive and divided into two classes. Class 1, include the isolates that grew sparsely with a feathery like pattern, and the other one had a completely restricted radial growth meaning that M. phaseolina isolates differed in their ability to use certain nitrogenous compounds. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the colony radius rates of the isolates at 1% probability level. Based on Duncan’s test, the isolates have been divided in 14 classes. Results of pathogenicity test showed that there was significant difference (P< 0.01) between the isolates. The results confirmed that the feathery like pattern of the isolates was more virulent on soybean and sunflower.
Individual differences, mood, and coping with Chronic pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a daily process analysis

This study examines individual differences in coping and associated health outcomes as they unfold across time. Twice daily for one week, 71 individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis reported their pain, coping efforts, and negative mood via structured daily records. The five factor model of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and disease status were also assessed. Multi-level statistical models examining within and between person variability indicated significant temporal associations from coping to pain and bi-directional associations between mood and pain within days. Furthermore, findings suggest that coping use and coping effectiveness were moderated by personality. Implications for models of coping with chronic pain, as well as clinical applications, are discussed.
Aetosaurs (Archosauria:Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic (Revueltian) Snyder Quarry

Two species of aetosaurs are known from the Snyder quarry (NMMNH locality 3845): Typothorax coccinarum Cope and Desmatosuchus chamaensis Zeigler, Heckert, and Lucas. Both are represented entirely by postcrania, principally osteoderms (scutes), but also by isolated limb bones. Aetosaur fossils at the Snyder quarry are, like most of the vertebrates found there, not articulated. However, clusters of scutes, presumably each from a single carapace, are associated. Typothorax coccinarum is an index fossil of the Revueltian landvertebrate faunachron (lvf) and its presence was expected at the Snyder quarry, as it is known from correlative strata throughout the Chama basin locally and the southwestern U.S.A. regionally. The Snyder quarry is the type locality of D. chamaensis, which is considerably less common than T. coccinarum, and presently known from only one other locality. Some specimens we tentatively assign to D. chamaensis resemble lateral scutes of Paratypothorax, but we have not found any paramedian scutes of Paratypothorax at the Snyder quarry, so we refrain from identifying them as Paratypothorax. Specimens of both Typothorax and Desmatosuchus from the Snyder quarry yield insight into the anatomy of these taxa. Desmatosuchus chamaensis is clearly a species of Desmatosuchus, but is also one of the most distinctive aetosaurs known. Both species of aetosaur from the Snyder quarry appear to be anagenetic descendants from more primitive members of the same genus, D. chamaensis from D. haplocerus (Cope) and T. coccinarum from T. antiquum Lucas, Heckert, and Hunt.
Factors Related to Health Eating Behaviors among First Year Mahidol University Students, in Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

* B.A., M.P.H.M. , Tokyo, Japan ** Ph.D., ASEAN Institute for Health Development (AIHD), Mahidol University, Thailand *** M.D., M.P.H. ASEAN Institute for Health Development (AIHD), Mahidol University, Thailand ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify factors influencing healthy eating behaviors in first year students of Mahidol University in Salaya 268 self-administered questionnaires were obtained from students who were approached randomly at campus’ cafeterias on January 24-25, 2007. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for analysis along with frequency distribution of variables. The result showed that 68.3% of students had healthy eating behaviors at fair level. In the period of 6-7 days of the past week students could recall what they ate with summarized food frequency questions. 45.9% of responding students ate from the five food groups, followed by vegetable at 41.8%, fruit at 44%. The factors significantly associated with healthy eating behaviors of the total respondents were availability (p<0.001) and ease of choosing food for eating healthily (p=0.003) as enabling factors, formal or non-formal health education in school (p=0.034) and leaflets (p=0.003) as reinforcing factors. Better availability of healthy food should be sustained to encourage students’ healthy eating. Students who had healthy eating information from health education at school or leaflets were more likely to practice healthy eating behaviors at a good level. This emphasizes the need to support of health education for the nutritional well-being of students.
Seasonal and regional variations of the iodine content in milk from Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Iodine is an essential element to humans and animals. It is a constituent of the thyroid hormones and its deficiency causes goitre and may increase the risk for intellectual deficiency in affected populations. Iodine deficiency disorders represent a significant public health problem in 118 countries worldwide (Vitti et al., 2001). Among them, thirty-two European countries were still affected by mild to Abstract
TENOTOMIES OF THE ADDUCTOR MUSCLES WITH AND WITHOUT NEURECTOMIES OF N. OBTURATORIUS IN PATIENTS WITH SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY — A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objective: The hip dislocation especially in spastic form of cerebral palsy frequently occurs. It results in significant morbidity in terms of pain in the dislocated hip and destabilization of the pelvis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the migration percentage in patients where only tenotomies of the adductor muscles were performed compared to patients where tenotomies of the adductor muscles were combined with neurectomy of the obturator nerve. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 50 patients (80 hips) divided in two groups. In 32 patients (47 hips) tenotomies of the adductor muscles were performed, in 18 patients (33 hips) tenotomies of the adductor muscles were combined with neurectomy of the obturator nerve in order to prevent and to decrease the incidence of hip dislocation. We used the Reimers’ hip migration percentage to evaluate the stability of the articulation. Results: In the group where tenotomies of the adductor muscles were combined with neurectomy of the obturator nerve,we cannot find a statistically significant difference when compared to the group where only tenotomies of the adductor muscles were performed. In the two year follow up period after the operations, a decrease of the migration percentage was noted in both groups of patients with gradual increase in the following period. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the end result when performing tenotomies of the adductor muscles combined with neurectomy of the obturator nerve compared with tenotomies of the adductor muscles only.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Opportunistic Infections among Anti-Retro Viral Treatment Naive HIV/AIDS Infected Patients

Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to cause substantial morbidity on patients with HIV infection and contribute to mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of OIs among Anti-Retro viral treatment (ART) naive HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of OIs among ART naive HIV/AIDS patients. This study was conducted among 418 study participant. Data was collected by reviewing the cards’ of the patients for OIs at a baseline and by interviewing the participants for socio-demographic variables. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20 software package for analysis. Result: Out of 418 study participants 219 (52.4%) of them had OIs. The most common OIs were Tuberculosis (TB) (13.2%), followed by Recurrent Upper Respiratory tract infection (URTI) (8%) and Herpes Zoster (7.2%). Risk factors identified were advanced World Health Organization (WHO) stage (stage III and IV) (Adjusted odds Ratio (AOR)=3.84 95% CI=1.9, 7.73), <200 CD4 count at a baseline (AOR=2.2 95% CI=1.22, 4.06) and a primary and secondary school attended study participant (AOR=2.04 95% CI 1.10, 3.78) (AOR=2.53 95% CI 1.27, 5.03), respectively. Besides this, mean difference of CD4 count at a baseline showed that there was a significant difference between advanced WHO stages and stage I and II (t=3.158 p=0.002) and also it was significant between gender(t=-2.9 p=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of OIs were 52.4% which seems low relative to previous studies conducted among the ART naive HIV/AIDS infected population; the commonest OI was TB, followed by a recurrent URTI and Herpes Zoster. Need a continuous awareness for healthcare providers in order to improve decisions regarding prophylaxis, early screening and appropriate diagnosis and management of OIs among HIV/AIDS infected patients.
Frequency-dependent core shifts and parameter estimation for the blazar 3C 454.3

We study the core shift effect in the parsec-scale jet of the blazar 3C 454.3 using the 4.836. 8 GHz radio light curves obtained from three decades of continuous monitoring. From a piecewise Gaussian fit to each flare, time lags Delta t between the observation frequencies. and spectral indices a based on peak amplitudes A are determined. From the fit Delta t.1/kr, kr = 1.10 +/- 0.18 indicating equipartition between the magnetic field energy density and the particle energy density. From the fit A proportional to nu(alpha) alpha, a is in the range -0.24 to 1.52. A mean magnetic field strength at 1 pc, B-1 = 0.5 +/- 0.2 G, and at the core, B-core = 46 +/- 16 mG, are inferred, consistent with previous estimates. The measure of core position offset is Omega(r nu) = 6.4 +/- 2.8 pc GHz(1/kr) when averaged over all frequency pairs. Based on the statistical trend shown by the measured core radius r(core) as a function of. , we infer that the synchrotron opacity model may not be valid for all cases. A Fourier periodogram analysis yields power-law slopes in the range -1.6 to -3.5 describing the power spectral density shape and gives bend timescales in the range 0.52-0.66 yr. This result, and both positive and negative a, indicate that the flares originate from multiple shocks in a small region. Important objectives met in our study include: the demonstration of the computational efficiency and statistical basis of the piecewise Gaussian fit; consistency with previously reported results; evidence for the core shift dependence on observation frequency and its utility in jet diagnostics in the region close to the resolving limit of very long baseline interferometry observations.
The effect of strong microwave electric field radiation on: (1) vegetable seed germination and seedling growth rate.

The effect of high power microwave (HPM) irradiation on seed germination and seedlings was evaluated. Vegetable seeds were subjected to HPM irradiation. The main focus was on the thermal heating elimination during seeds irradiation. For that reason short high frequency microwave pulses were used. The study object was seeds of different harvest years (2000, 2003 and 2008) of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) variety ‘Babtų žara’, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) variety ‘Viltis’, carrot (Daucus sativus Rohl.) variety ‘Vaiguva’ and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) variety ‘Red Cherry’ (seeds harvested in 1980). In the first experiment, all seeds were exposed to microwaves at 9.3 GHz frequency for 10 min. In the second experiment, carrots ‘Vaiguva’ seeds (11 years-old) were exposed to microwaves at 9.3 GHz frequency for 5 and 20 min and exposed to 2.6 and 5.7 GHz microwaves for 10 min. To establish microwave effect on seedling growth rate, tomato, carrot and radish seeds harvested in 2008 were exposed to microwaves at 9.3 GHz frequency for 10 min. It was established that 11 year-old radish seeds exposed to 9.3 GHz microwaves had higher germination as compared with non-irradiated seeds. HPM increased radish germination energy by 6% in seeds harvested in 2003. HPM exposure significantly increased the germination energy and germination of 8 year-old carrot seeds. The highest carrot seed germination was established at 9.3 GHz microwave frequency under 5 min exposure. Seed exposure to HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on dry weight of tomato seedling shoots and on tomato and radish seedling height, but it had negative influence on carrot seedling height. Seed irradiation with HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids in tomato seedlings’ fresh mass, but the opposite effect was determined in carrot seedlings’ fresh mass.
Computation of ruin probabilities for general discrete-time Markov models

We study the ruin problem over a risk process described by a discrete-time Markov model. In contrast to previous studies that focused on the asymptotic behaviour of ruin probabilities for large values of the initial capital, we provide a new technique to compute the quantity of interest for any initial value, and with any given precision. Rather than focusing on a particular model for risk processes, we give a general characterization of the ruin probability by providing corresponding recursions and fixpoint equations. Since such equations for the ruin probability are ill-posed in the sense that they do not allow for unique solutions, we approximate the ruin probability by a two-barrier ruin probability, for which fixpoint equations are well-posed. We also show how good the introduced approximation is by providing an explicit bound on the error and by characterizing the cases when the error converges to zero. The presented technique and results are supported by two computational examples over models known in the literature, one of which is extremely heavy-tailed.
Both female castes contribute to colony emigration in the polygynous ant Mystrium oberthueri

Nest emigrations are perilous for social insect colonies. Outside their nests, adults and brood are exposed to dangers. The behavioural mechanisms of emigration are thus likely to be under strong selective pressures. Most studies on emigration have focused on monogynous species where survival of the queen is paramount, but emigration processes are largely unknown for species having several queens per colony. In colonies of Mystrium oberthueri Forel, members of the morphological queen caste are as numerous as workers, although only a few of them mate and reproduce (polygyny). All queens perform intranidal tasks, such as brood care. Accordingly, we expected them to participate actively in emigration and to be less well protected. Using four colonies, we studied the dynamics of 16 emigrations with a special focus on individual behavioural profile. Workers were more involved than non‐reproductive queens in recruitment and brood transport. Reproductive queens and young ants preferentially walked directly to the new nest without carrying brood. A chemical trail was probably used. The physiological status of individuals had more impact on their behavioural profile than their morphological caste. This highly organized emigration process may underpin dependent colony foundation, as both involve the coordinated movement of nestmates.
CHARDI2015: charge distribution analysis of non‐molecular structures

The charge distribution method describes non-molecular crystal structures in a Madelung-type approach in which the formal oxidation number (`charge') of each atom is distributed among its neighbours. The sum of the distributed charges gives back the input charge when a structure is correctly refined and well balanced, so that the method can be used for structure validation and for the analysis of over- and underbonding effects. A new version of the software used to compute the charge distribution is presented, now with a CIF parser and graphical user interface.
Post-translational modifications of proteins in human breast cancer: proteomics studies of phosphorylation and nitration and implication of these PTMs in tumorigenesis

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Even though improvements in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have been made, it is still the most common cause of cancer death in women. There is a great need to find biomarkers for early detection of the disease and novel drug targets to fight the cancer. Cell immortalization is the prerequisite step in tumorigenesis, and identification of the biomarkers of immortalized cells may be helpful for early detection of cancer. In this thesis, we described identification of 71 immortalization-related proteins. We used proteomics and conditionally immortalized human breast epithelial cells. Identified proteins showed involvement in immortalization of such functional domains as cell proliferation and growth, death, cell assembly and organization, cellular movement, cell-to-cell signaling, and cell morphology. Kinase MAP2K3, was identified as downregulated in immortalized cells. Overexpression of MAP2K3 in immortal human breast epithelial cells was sufficient to induce senescence. p38, p53 and pRB were modulated by MAP2K3. We also identified KSR2 as up-regulated in immortalized human breast epithelial cells and in human breast tumors. Twenty-four proteins affected by hyperthermia of human primary breast epithelial cells were also identified. Among the proteins, TGF-β2 was found up-regulated. It induced HSP27 expression, and protected cells from cell death. Aberrant protein tyrosine nitration has been associated with different diseases, including cancer. We explored changes in protein tyrosine nitration during the cell cycle, and observed that tyrosine nitration affected a number of cell cycle regulators. Cross talk of different regulatory pathways may contribute to the resistance to the anticancer treatment. Targeting of multiple pathways has been regarded as a novel anticancer strategy. We showed that combined action of TGF-1 and EGF involves changes in phosphorylation of 47 proteins. We observed that the convergence components of TGF-β1 and EGF, e.g., MEK1, CK1, can influence cell proliferation in the context of TGF-β1 and EGF signaling. Interestingly, we observed that the strongest inhibitory effect of Gefitinib (Iressa), EGFR kinase inhibitor, would be only when both EGF and TGF-β are highly active, and MEK1 and CK1 are inhibited. ZAK kinase was identified as a convergent target of TGF- and EGF signaling, and was found contributing to the positive feedback regulation of cell migration upon combined TGF-