Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Measurement of Heat Produced during Drilling for Implant Site Preparation

The aim of this study was to directly measure the temperature of the drill during implant site preparation. The measured temperature was compared to that previously reported inside the bone. The temperature change of the drill was measured using a thermocouple inserted inside the stainless steel drill using an 18-gauge needle and mercury-containing slip ring. Three thermocouples were inserted into the bone with different depths of 10 mm, 5 mm and 1 mm. The thermocouple was 0.5 mm away from the periphery of the drilled hole with a diameter of 3.4 mm. The drill rotating speed varied from 500 rpm to 2000 rpm. Each drilling procedure was performed 10 times, and the average was calculated. The temperature of the drill increased rapidly, and the thermocouples in the bone reached a maximum temperature after the drill temperature started to decrease. The maximum inner temperature of the bone was the highest at a depth of 10 mm. The patterns of the temperature change were similar at different rotating speeds. The actual maximum temperature at the drill and bone interface was significantly higher than the temperature measured inside the bone in previous reports.
A Novel Fast Semi-Analytical Performance Prediction Method for Iterative MMSE-IC Multiuser MIMO Joint Decoding

This paper presents a novel fast performance prediction method for iterative minimum-mean square error interference cancellation based joint decoding in a very general multiuser MIMO setting considering a transmission over block-fading frequency-selective channels. A Gaussian approximation is made for all propagated messages between the outer codes and the space-time multiuser detector. The method relies on a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio compression, by means of the mutual information effective signal-to-noise metric (MIESM), which allows a one-dimensional AWGN look-up table to capture the soft decoding result of each distinct user. Simulations show that this method while being extremely simple and fast keeps very accurate and is thus adequate for radio resource management and link adaptation purposes.
Sensitivity of immune complex-dissociated p24 antigen testing for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus in infants

Several investigators have suggested that early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants could be accomplished with a modified, more-sensitive, acid-dissociated p24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique (p24 antigen immune complex dissociation [ICD]). We compared detection of HIV infection by HIV culture, PCR, and p24 antigen ICD assays in 46 infants by using samples collected independently. The detection sensitivity of the p24 antigen ICD assay was 0% with cord blood samples (2 HIV-positive infants), 38% with plasma samples from infants under 3 months of age (8 HIV-positive infants), and 58% overall (12 HIV-positive infants). By contrast, the sensitivities of HIV culture and PCR were 50% for cord blood samples, 75% for plasma samples from infants under 3 months of age, and 83% overall. These results indicate that the p24 antigen ICD does not offer the sensitivity necessary for this assay to be used as an indicator of HIV infection in infants.
Head orientation and gaze direction in meetings

Detecting who is looking at whom during multiparty interaction is useful for various tasks such as meeting analysis. There are two contributing factors in the formation of where a person is looking at : head orientation and eye orientation. In this poster, we present an experiment aimed at evaluating the potential of head orientation estimation in detecting who is looking at whom, because head orientation can be estimated accurately and robustly with non-intrusive methods while eye orientation can not. Experimental results show that head orientation contributes 68.9% on average to the overall gaze direction, and focus of attention estimation based on head orientation alone can get an average accuracy of 88.7% in a meeting application scenario with four participants. We conclude that head orientation is a good indicator of focus of attention in human computer interaction applications.
Major-and trace-element analysis of sulfide ores by Laser-ablation ICP-MS, solution ICP-MS and XRF: new data on international reference materials

International reference materials representing a diverse suite of sulfide ores and related lithologies have been analyzed for major and trace element concentrations by XRF, solution ICP–MS, and laser-ablation ICP–MS (LA–ICP–MS) after fusion of the sample to a lithium borate glass. Reference materials analyzed for this study include a wide variety of bulk compositions, incl uding ores of Pb–Zn sulfides, Fe sulfides, Cu–Mo sulfides, and silicate matrices. Concentrations of 33 elements were determined, including lithophile and chalcophile elements of particular interest to economic geochemistry and ore deposit studies. The resu lts of LA–ICP–MS analyses were calibrated using a fused glass standard prepared specifically for the analysis of sulfides. Accuracy of the LA–ICP–MS technique is established by comparison with results obtained by the other methods for abundance variations over several orders of magnitude. Replicate analyses demonstrate a precision of 2–8% (1 RSD) for the LA–ICP–MS data at rock-equivalent concentrations >1 ppm. Matrix effects were not a significant problem at the scale of compositional variation represented by these samples, and no significant differences in the results were produced with the laser operating in either fi xedspot or line-scan mode. LA–ICP–MS analysis of fused glasses effectively overcomes problems related to insoluble phases such as cassiterite that are resistant to acid dissolution. Whole-rock analysis of sulfide ores by XRF and LA–ICP–MS provides a fast and convenient approach for determinations of major- and trace-element concentrations in a variety of ores and related material s without the need for wet-chemical dissolutions.
Evaluation of plant sterol intake estimated with the Northern Sweden FFQ

Abstract Objective To evaluate plant sterol intake estimated with the eighty-four-item Northern Sweden FFQ against repeated 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR) as the reference method. Design Randomly recruited participants from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) responded to an FFQ (FFQ1). Over the subsequent 12 months, ten repeated 24-HDR were carried out. After this, a second FFQ (FFQ2) was completed. Setting Västerbotten county, northern Sweden. Subjects Ninety-six men and ninety-nine women. Results The Pearson correlation coefficient for absolute total plant sterol intake estimated with FFQ1 and 24-HDR was 0·58 and 0·55 for the men and women, respectively. Cross-classification of participants into quartiles of absolute plant sterol intake estimated with FFQ1 and 24-HDR showed that 90 % of the men and 83 % of the women were classified into the same or an adjacent quartile. For energy-adjusted plant sterol intake, 71 % of the men and 74 % of the women were classified into the same or an adjacent quartile. The agreement for cross-classification of participants into quartiles between FFQ1 and FFQ2 was good for both absolute and energy-adjusted plant sterol intake. Conclusions The FFQ is able to capture absolute plant sterol intake to the same extent as other nutrients, and to rank individuals according to both their absolute and energy-adjusted plant sterol intake. The reproducibility of the FFQ was good, suggesting that the method is reliable. This makes it possible to use plant sterol data from the FFQ in large-scale studies of the association between plant sterol intake and disease.
The evolution of stroke units-towards a more intensive approach?

The last five to ten years have seen an intensive research effort to find novel treatments for acute stroke with many more large trials of thrombolytic1,,2 and neuroprotective agents.3,,4 Unfortunately, none of these treatments have proven effective enough to recommend routine use in acute stroke. Although results from thrombolysis trials are promising,1,,2 uncertainty persists about more widespread usage, and it is likely that only a small proportion of stroke patients will ever be eligible for treatment because of the short time window for triage and treatment.5,,6 Perhaps the most significant advance in stroke management therefore has not been pharmacological, but concerns the process of care for stroke patients, with convincing evidence that changing the approach to the way stroke patients are managed has a beneficial impact on both mortality and morbidity.7 The concept of organized care on geographically‐defined units has given rise to a more disease‐specific approach to the management of stroke. In practical terms, this has cut across the more generic approach to general medical admissions within acute hospitals, particularly in the UK, and creation of stroke units often requires a substantial reorganization of beds within hospitals. This article aims to define which aspects of stroke unit care make the difference and how the process of care for stroke patients may evolve further in the future. In 1993, results from all existing randomized controlled trials comparing the outcome of patients managed in defined stroke units with outcomes from conventional settings of care were examined in a meta‐analysis.8 This showed that care on a stroke unit reduced mortality by 28% and also reduced the risk of patients requiring institutionalized care at a median of 12 months after stroke. Subsequently, the Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration within the …
Time-domain neural network: A 48.5 TSOp/s/W neuromorphic chip optimized for deep learning and CMOS technology

Demand for highly energy-efficient hardware for the inference computation of deep neural networks is increasing. Ultimately, fully spatially unrolled architecture where each distributed weight memory has a processing element (PE) for its exclusive use is the most energy-efficient solution because i) it can completely eliminate the energy-hungry data moving for weight fetching, and ii) PEs can consist only of combinational logics generally consuming less power than flip-flops. However, this strategy has not been applied because it requires a prohibitively huge amount of both area and hardware resources. We propose TDNN, which enables the fully spatially unrolled architecture by using 3D stacked ReRAM and the time-domain analog-digital mixed-signal processing that uses delay time as signal. In TDNN, a PE that performs synaptic operation is composed of only 12 logic transistors, which are equivalent to 3 gates. The proof-of-concept chip with SRAM instead of ReRAM shows unprecedentedly high energy efficiency of 48.2 TSop/s/W.
A Comparison of the Effects of Different Video Imagery Upon Adult ESL Students' Comprehension of a Video Narrative

An abstract of the thesis of Scott Alan Thompson for the Masters of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages presented February 9, 1994. Title: A Comparison of the effects of different video imagery upon adult ESL students' comprehension of a video narrative. This study was meant to provide empirical evidence to support or challenge the assumption that a nonfiction video narrative will be better comprehended by students of ESL if it includes a variety of relevant visual information compared to only seeing a single speaker or "talking head" reciting a narration. The overarching goal of this study was to give teachers of ESL greater knowledge and confidence in using video materials to develop the listening skills of their students. It compared two video tapes which contained the identical soundtrack but different visual information. The first tape (also called the "lecture tape") showed a single speaker, standing behind a lectern, giving a speech about Costa Rica. The second video (also called the "documentary tape") contained the identical soundtrack of tape one, but included documentary video footage actually filmed in Costa Rica which complemented the narration. A questionnaire of 45 true/false questions was created based on facts given in the narration. Thirty-nine advanced and fifty-five intermediate university ESL students took part in the study. Approximate! y half of each group viewed the lecture tape while the other half watched the documentary tape. All students answered the 45 item questionnaire while viewing their respective video tapes. A thorough item-analysis was then conducted with the initial raw scores of all 94 students, resulting in fifteen questions being omitted from the final analysis. Based on a revised 30 item questionnaire, the scores of the video and documentary groups were compared within each proficiency level. The hypothesis of the study was that the documentary tape would significantly improve listening comprehension at the intermediate level but that no significant difference would be found between the advanced lecture and documentary groups. In other words, it
Preclinical evaluation of the potential for cytochrome P450 inhibition and induction of the selective ALK inhibitor, alectinib

Abstract 1. A novel selective anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, alectinib, has shown remarkable efficacy and safety in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the potential to inhibit and induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms for alectinib and its major metabolite M4. 2. Alectinib and M4 did not show the meaningful direct inhibition of six major CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4) in human liver microsomes (HLM). Alectinib, but not M4, competitively inhibited CYP2C8, by which few marketed drugs are exclusively metabolized, with an inhibition constant of 1.98 μM. 3. Out of the seven CYP isoforms in HLM, alectinib and M4 showed time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of only CYP3A4, which suggests low TDI potential due to low inactivation efficiency. 4. Alectinib exhibited quite smaller induction of mRNA expression of CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 genes in human hepatocytes compared to the respective positive controls, suggesting a low potential of enzyme induction. 5. In summary, the risk of alectinib causing drug-drug interactions with coadministered drugs is expected to be low due to the weak potential of CYP inhibition and induction estimated in the preclinical studies.
Choosing health: qualitative evidence from the experiences of personal health budget holders

Objectives Personal health budgets were piloted in the English National Health Service between 2009 and 2012. Semi-structured interviews with a sub-sample of early budget holders aimed to explore their experiences of receiving and using a budget. Method Over 2000 people from 20 pilot sites were recruited to a multi-method evaluation of the personal health budget pilots. A sub-sample of 58 people was selected for qualitative interviews three months after the offer of a budget; 52 were re-interviewed six months later. The purposively selected sample reflected a range of health conditions, locality, age and gender. Results Personal health budgets were reported to have positive impacts on health, health care and relatives/family. Benefits often extended beyond the condition for which the budget had been awarded. However, interviewees rarely knew the level of their budget; some reported difficulty in agreeing acceptable uses for their budget; and delays could occur in procuring chosen services or equipment. Conclusion Patients’ experiences offer valuable insights for the roll-out of personal health budgets beyond the pilot phase. Flexibility in how budgets are used may allow maximum benefits to be derived. Clear information about what budgets can and cannot be used for, with suggestions offered, will be useful. People with newly diagnosed or recent sudden onset conditions may need more help to plan their support, but all budget holders are likely to benefit from regular contact with staff for reassurance and continued motivation.
Direct costs of cervical cancer management in Morocco.

BACKGROUND For cervical cancer the epidemiological profile is poorly known in Morocco and no data is available concerning the direct medical costs. The purpose of this work is to estimate the direct cost of medical management of invasive cervical cancer during the first year after diagnosis in Morocco. METHODS The estimation of direct costs of medical management of invasive cervical cancer during the first year after diagnosis in Morocco is based on the estimation of individual cost in each stage which covers diagnosis, treatment and follow-up during first year. The cost was estimated per patient and whole cycle-set using the costs for each drug and procedure as indicated by the Moroccan National Agency for Health Insurance. Extrapolation of the results to the whole country was used to calculate the total annual cost of cervical cancer treatments in Morocco. RESULTS Overall approximately 1,978 new cases of cervical cancer occur each year in Morocco. The majority (82.96%) of these cases were diagnosed at a late stage (stage II or more). The cost of one case of cervical cancer depends on stage of diagnosis, the lowest cost is $382 for stage Cis followed by the cost of stage IA1 for young women (<40 years) which is $2,952. The highest cost is for stage IV, which is $7,827. The total cost of cervical cancer care for one year after diagnosis is estimated at $13,589,360. The share allocated to treatment is the most important part of the global care budget with an annual sum of $13,027,609 whereas other cost components are represented as follows: $435,694 for annual follow-up activity and $126,057 for diagnosis and preclinical staging. CONCLUSION This study provides health decision-makers with a first estimate of costs and the opportunity to achieve the optimal use of available data to estimate the needs of health facilities in Morocco.
Minimizing General Delay Costs on Unrelated Machines

We consider the problem of minimizing general delay costs on unrelated machines. In this problem, we are given a set of m machines and a set of n jobs. Each job j has a machine dependent processing time of pij on machine i, and a release time rij . Further, we are also given a non-decreasing function fj(t) which gives the cost of completing the job j at time t. Our goal is to assign each job to exactly one machine and specify a scheduling policy on each machine such that ∑ j fj(Cj) is minimized, where Cj is the completion time of job j. This objective function captures several widely studied objective functions such as makespan, average completion time/flow-time, tardiness, and deadline scheduling. We design the first polynomial time bicriteria approximation algorithm for the problem that achieves a constant approximation when given a small constant factor speed augmentation. The speed augmentation is necessary as the objective function value can be zero, and hence no algorithm can achieve a bounded approximation factor without speed augmentation. As a corollary of our result, we also get the first polynomial time approximation algorithm for the tardiness objective for unrelated machines (or even for identical machines). ∗Microsoft Research, Redmond, nikdev@microsoft.com †Microsoft Research, Redmond, jakul@microsoft.com
A Study of the Error Behavior of a 32-bit RISC Subjected to Simulated Transient Fault Injection

In this paper; a simulation-based fault injection technique is used to study various aspects of the error behavior of a 32bit pipelined RISC, using a register level model written in VHDL. Consequences on the error behavior owing to the fault location were studied speciJcally. Finally, the efJiciency of two built-in error-detecting methods was evaluated
A Conserved Subtilisin-like Protein TgSUB1 in Microneme Organelles of Toxoplasma gondii *

Proteolytic processing plays a significant role in the process of invasion by the obligate intracellular parasiteToxoplasma gondii. We have cloned a gene,TgSUB1, encoding for a subtilisin-type serine protease found in T. gondii tachyzoites. TgSUB1 protein is homologous to other Apicomplexan and bacterial subtilisins and is processed within the secretory pathway of the parasite. Initial cleavage occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, after which the protein is transported to micronemes, vesicles that secrete early during host cell invasion. Upon stimulation of microneme secretion, TgSUB1 is cleaved into smaller products that are secreted from the parasite. This secondary processing is inhibited by brefeldin A and serine protease inhibitors. TgSUB1 is a candidate processing enzyme for several microneme proteins cleaved within the secretory pathway or during invasion.
Identifying the perceived weaknesses of a new curriculum by means of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) Inventory

The Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College is in the fourth year of implementing a new four-year Integrative Curriculum. In order to determine how the students experienced the educational environment generated by the new curriculum, the Dundee Ready Education Environment (DREEM) Inventory was administered on the same day to 148 (96%) first-year, 131 (87%) second-year, and 128 (84%) third-year students (n = 407). Resultant scores indicated many areas of concern. However, bimodal and large numbers of ‘uncertain’ responses also occurred. In order to establish and compare areas of most concern between the three year groups, responses were calculated as percentages indicating for each item those who agree, disagree or are uncertain. This result clearly indicated areas of joint concern for each of the five domains addressed by the DREEM Inventory. Analysis of these concerns formed the basis of strategic planning in order to institute remedial action, and on which to focus institutional resources.
Information technology in supply networks: Does it lead to better collaborative planning?

Purpose – One of the main challenges of supply chain management (SCM) is to improve collaborative planning in supply networks while preserving autonomy of each network member. In order to improve coordination and planning processes across company boundaries supply chain management systems (SCMS;, e.g. shared databases) are introduced in supply networks. Aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – There is a lack of knowledge about the extent to which SCMS can support collaborative planning processes. The preliminary findings concerning this question are based on a case study of a supply network in the forestry and timber industry.Findings – The results indicate that the SCMS implemented in this forestry network has had only limited effects on collaborative planning processes so far. One possible explanation for this result is that the SCMS was implemented suboptimally (e.g. modifications of the SCMS were not communicated to users). Originality/value – Supply networks in forestry have to pay .