Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) extract type, concentration and application time to weeds weight, grain and biomass yield of wheat

High crop yield depend upon effective weeds control through commercial herbicides. However, use of commercial herbicides may pollute environment and underground water. Toxicity and resistance development against commercial herbicides demand for exploring alternative methods for weeds control. Aim of this study was to evaluate effect of sorghum water extract on weeds weight and yield of wheat cultivar “Atta Habib 2010”. Research was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2014-15. Sorghum stem (SS) and leaf (SL) extracts with three concentrations (1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 kg L) and three application time (emergence, tillering and 50% at emergence + 50 at tillering) were used. Herbicides (H) treated, hand weeding (HW) and unweeded plots were included for comparison. H treated plots produced less weeds weight (128.3 g m), higher leaf area index (LAI) (4.0), more spikes m (350), heavier thousand grains (51 g) and more biomass yield (BY) (10333 kg ha) compared to sorghum water extract sprayed plots. Among concentrations (C), sorghum water extracts sprayed at 1:3 concentration gave lower weeds weight (257 g m), more LAI (3.4), more spikes m (320) heavier thousand grains (46 g) and higher BY (9789 kg ha). Amongst application time (AT), sorghum water extracts applied at tillering resulted in low weeds weight (256 g m), higher LAI (3.2), more spikes m (315), higher thousand grains (45 g) and more BY (9621 kg ha). SL extracts gave less weeds weight (269 g m), more LAI (3.2), more spikes m (314), heavier thousand grains (45 g) and higher BY (9576 kg ha) compared with SS extracts. It is concluded that leaf water extract applied at tillering with 1:3 concentration reduced weeds weight and increased thousand grain weight of wheat and is recommended for suppressing weeds weight and enhancing thousand grain weight of wheat in agro climatic conditions of Peshawar.
The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies

Acknowledgments Introduction: Beyond the Blockbuster part i: a real story 1. Continuing Tradition, by Any Means Necessary 2. Pushing the Premises 3. Subjective Stories and Network Narratives 4. A Certain Amount of Plot: Tentpoles, Locomotives, Blockbusters, Megapictures, and the Action Movie part ii: a stylish style 1. Intensified Continuity: Four Dimensions 2. Some Likely Sources 3. Style, Plain and Fancy 4. What's Missing? Appendix: A Hollywood Timeline, 1960--2004 Bradley Schauer and David Bordwell Notes Index
Determination of food sources for benthic invertebrates and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Canadian Boreal Shield lakes using stable isotope analysis

Allochthonous inputs can be an important contribution of organic matter in lake eco- systems. Yet, our understanding of the patterns of energy dependence of littoral invertebrates and fish is poor. We measured carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) stable isotope values for primary pro- ducers, terrestrial detritus, benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in 8 oligotrophic Canadian Boreal Shield lakes to determine food sources that support benthic consumers and brook trout. Mixing models used to determine animal diets from stable iso- tope analysis showed leaf litter to be the principal food source for benthic primary consumers in 6 out of 8 lakes. Brook trout derived its carbon mainly from benthic predatory macroinvertebrates in all lakes, with a contribution ranging from 60 to 90%. Zooplankton also contributed to brook trout diet in 3 of 8 lakes, ranging from 28 to 37%. δ 15 N increased from primary producers to consumers at different trophic positions in all lakes. Nitrogen isotopic signatures of brook trout became more positive with increasing fish length, indicating a change in fish foraging strategy related to size. Our study (1) suggests that carbon from terrestrial habitat (leaf litter) may contribute significantly to the food web of oligotrophic Canadian Boreal Shield lakes and (2) highlights the importance of carbon originating from benthic habitats in supporting brook trout in these lakes.
Handbook of Prebiotics and Probiotics Ingredients : Health Benefits and Food Applications

Analysis of Dietary Fiber and Nondigestible Carbohydrates, B. W. Li SOURCES OF PREBIOTICS Short-Chain Fructo-Oligosaccharide: A Low Molecular Weight Fructan, A. M. Birkett and C. C. Francis Inulin and Oligosaccharides: A Special Focus on Human Studies, D. Paineau, F. Respondek, and Y. Bouhnik Galacto-Oligosaccharides, A. Nauta, A. M. Bakker-Zierikzee, and M. H. C. Schoterman Functional Disaccharides: Lactulose, Lactitol, and Lactose, A. Szilagyi Natural Resistant Starches as Prebiotics and Synbiotics, S. Cho and E. T. Finocchiaro AGE, ALE, RAGE, and Disease-A Food Perspective, S. Bengmark SOURCES OF PROBIOTICS Lactic Acid Bacteria and Plant Fibers: Treatment in Acute and Chronic Human Disease, S. Bengmark Probiotics: Recent Human Studies Using Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, T. Hori PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PREBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS Prebiotics and Lipid Metabolism, J. E. Teitelbaum Fermentation of Prebiotics and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production, J. M. W. Wong, C. C. K. Kendall, and D. J. A. Jenkins Probiotics and Prebiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, L. Prisciandaro, G. S. Howarth, and M. S. Geier Prebiotics and Probiotics in Pediatric Diarrheal Disorders, R. J. Young Anticarcinogenic Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics, S. Jain, M. Yadav, S. Menon, H. Yadav, and F. Marotta Prebiotics and Probiotics in Infant Formulae, G. Boehm, R. Wind, and J. Knol Probiotics and Prebiotics in Elderly Individuals, R. Satokari, R. Rantanen, K. Pitkala, and S. Salminen Prebiotics and Probiotics in Companion Animal Nutrition, B. M. Vester and G. C. Fahey, Jr. Probiotics: Potential Pharmaceutical Applications, I. P. Kaur, A. Kuhad, A. Garg, and K. Chopra INDEX
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent intermediate Froude number fountain flow

Fountains are an important flow in many industrial and geophysical problems but the understanding of this flow at low Froude numbers is limited. In this study we use direct numerical simulation to examine two regimes of turbulent fountain flow, weak flow at Fr = 2:2 and very weak flow at Fr = 0:45. At Fr = 0:45 buoyancy stabilises the flow and there is little entrainment of ambient fluid. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are generated at the interface between the upwelling flow and the ambient fluid. At Fr = 2:2 the shear interaction between the rising and falling flow streams becomes important as it drives both large and small scale vortex structures. Large scale structures draw ambient fluid into the fountain while small scale structures exchange mass between the up flow and down flow. Periodic ejection of mass from the top of the fountain is shown to be an important dynamic in the flow. The results provided here can assist in analytical model development.
Description of Birabenella, a New Genus of Goblin Spiders from Argentina and Chile (Araneae: Oonopidae)

ABSTRACT A new genus, Birabenella, is erected for three new soft-bodied oonopid species from Coquimbo Region, Chile (B. homonota, the type species, B. elqui, and B. pizarroi) and one from Catamarca Province, Argentina: B. argentina (Birabén, 1955), here transferred from Oonopinus Simon. The new genus is supported and diagnosed by the tarsal claws with one row of teeth, and by the stout and flattened setae on the dorsum of the abdomen. The thickened anterior wall of the posterior receptacle in female genitalia, and the ventral digitiform projection on the bulb of the male palp are also probable synapomorphies.
Multiple Plagioclase Crystal Populations Identified by Crystal Size Distribution and in situ Chemical Data: Implications for Timescales of Magma Chamber Processes Associated with the 1915 Eruption of Lassen Peak, CA

Products of the 1915 Lassen Peak eruption reveal evidence for a magma recharge^magma mixing event that may have catalyzed the eruption and from which four compositional members were identified: light dacite, black dacite, andesitic inclusion, and dark andesite. Crystal size distribution, textural, and in situ chemical (major and trace element and Sr isotope) data for plagioclase from these compositional products define three crystal populations that have distinct origins: phenocrysts (long axis40! 5 mm) that typically have core An contents between 34 and 36 mol %, microphenocrysts (long axis between 0! 1 and 0! 5 mm) that have core An contents of 66^69, and microlites (long axis50! 1mm) with variable An core contents from 64 to 52. Phenocrysts are interpreted to form in an isolated dacitic magma chamber that experienced slow cooling. Based on textural, compositional, and isotopic data for the magma represented by the dacitic component, magma recharge was not an important process until just prior to the 1915 eruption. Average residence times for phenocrysts are in the range of centuries to millennia. Microphenocrysts formed in a hybrid layer that resulted from mixing between endmember reservoir dacite and recharge magma of basaltic andesite composition. High thermal contrast between the two end-member magmas led to relatively high degrees of undercooling, which resulted in faster crystal growth rates and acicular and swallowtail crystal habits. Some plagioclase phenocrysts from the dacitic chamber were incorporated into the hybrid layer and underwent dissolution^precipitation, seen in both crystal textures and rim compositions. Average microphenocryst residence times are of the order of months. Microlites may have formed in response to decompression and/or syn-eruptive degassing as magma ascended from the chamber through the volcanic conduit. Chemical distinctions in plagioclase microlite An contents reveal that melt of the dark andesite was more mafic than the melt of the other three compositions.We suggest that mixing of an intruding basaltic andesite and reservoir dacite before magma began ascending in the conduit allowed formation of a compositionally distinct microlite population. Melt in the other three products was more evolved because it had undergone differentiation during the months following initial mixing; as a consequence, melt and microlites among these three products have similar compositions.The results of this study highlight the integrated use of crystal size distribution, textural, and in situ chemical data in identifying distinct crystal populations and linking these populations to the thermal and chemical characteristics of complex magma bodies.
Influence of spacing and thinning on wood properties in conifer plantations

As reported in four appended papers (I-IV), effects of genotype (half-sib family) and initial spacing (I) or initial spacing (II) and various thinning methods (III & IV) on stands and properties of sawn-products were investigated in Scots pine (I & IV), lodgepole pine (II) and Norway spruce (III) stands in southern Sweden. Most of the analysed growth parameters were found to be affected by interaction between genotype and initial spacing, but the treatments had no significant interactive effects on most quality parameters (I). Very wide initial spacing (4x4 m, 625 trees/ha⁻¹) was found to negatively affect most growth and quality properties of lodgepole pine. Differences in effects of the density currently used in forestry (2500 trees/ha⁻¹) and a tested density (1100 trees/ha⁻¹, 3x3 m), were quite small, but increasing the spacing decreased frequencies of potential high quality trees. The results indicate that Scots pine and lodgepole pine have similar volume production rates and external quality traits (II). External properties of trees in the stands, particularly stem straightness and frequencies of quality defects (e.g. spike knots), were affected by the selection strategies applied in the thinning treatments. Thus, selection in thinnings should focus on these traits as they affect both the quality and grades of logs (III). The applied thinning treatments did not significantly influence board properties, such as basic density, Modulus of Elasticity and Knot Area Ratio. However, differences in these variables between outer and inner boards indicate that quality improvement might be connected to improvement in the growth of individual trees (IV). In summary, use of improved planting material and wider than currently applied 2x2 m spacing in combination with selection of high quality trees might lead to production of higher quality timber. However, the scope for selection decreases with time and since the Scots pine boards from thinned stands and unthinned stands did not significantly differ the target traits and both objectives and market conditions must be carefully considered.
STYLIZED FACTS OF THE DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY RETURNS ON BUCHAREST STOCK EXCHANGE DURING 2007-2012

Our paper documents a set of statistical properties of the monthly, weekly and dailyreturns for the most liquid 30 stocks traded on Bucharest Stock Exchange during 2007 - 2012 andalso for 3 important Romanian stock market indices. Our results confirm the presence of most thestylized facts documented by Cont (2001) and other similar studies. Also we identify someparticularities of the stock returns on the Romanian capital market which are useful both for localand foreign retail and institutional investors in their portfolio management decisions. In particular,we found that the monthly simple returns have an autocorrelation effect with 1-5lags, which isunusual for developed markets but was previously detected on other European emerging andfrontier markets.
Rockfish response to low-frequency ocean climate change as revealed by the diet of a marine bird over multiple time scales

We examined the effects of ocean climate variability on juvenile rockfish Sebastes spp. from 1975-2002 in the central California Current by examining the diet of a local marine bird, the common murre Uria aalge, on multiple temporal scales. Responses to higher-frequency climate change (interannual El Nino and La Nina events) were strong, with declines in rockfish take in warm- water years. Responses to low-frequency climate events (e.g. shifts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO) were less obvious. Inter-annual patterns showed no response to the 1976-1977 regime shift to warmer PDO conditions. Instead, rockfish use declined beginning in 1989, corresponding to another suggested regime change, then rebounded shortly after the hypothesized return to a cool phase of the PDO in the late 1990s. Intra-annual diet patterns, however, revealed changes in rockfish use well before 1989. These signals indicate that declines may have corresponded to the 1976-1977 regime shift but were lagged, possibly due to the long lifespan and intermittent recruitment of rockfish. This interpretation is supported by local upwelling patterns that show a lagged correlation between upwelling and juvenile rockfish abundance in the marine bird diet.
Impact of four obesity interventions on biometric measures of individuals positive and negative for food addiction

Obesity is a major contributor to ill health and numerous comorbidities globally. Recent studies suggest that addictive-like tendencies toward foods, especially highly processed foods, contribute to this epidemic. Therefore, interventions used to treat substance-use disorders may be effective for treating overweight/obese patients with food addiction (based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale, version 2.0). This pilot study evaluated four interventions, selected because of their effectiveness in the treatment of substance-use disorders [motivational interviewing, pharmacotherapy (naltrexonebupropion), pharmacotherapy with motivational interviewing, information control (diet and physical activity instruction)], in overweight/obese individuals with and without food addiction. The food addiction construct identifi ed a distinctive subset of overweight/obese individuals. Through one month, response to interventions differed between food addiction phenotypes with those who were positive for food addiction showing similar or less response to the interventions than those who were negative for the trait. This suggests that individuals with addictive-like tendencies toward food may require longer and more intensive intervention to achieve their goals. The greatest changes in biometric measures occurred between baseline and 1 month during which time participants were attending weekly intervention sessions. Across all groups, those who attended more sessions (dose) was correlated with a reduction in body mass index. Research Article
Incidence of Child Homicide in the Transkei Sub-Region of South Africa (1996-2014)

Background: The incidence of child homicide varies from country to country, and also from region to region within the same country. It is always under-researched, therefore under-estimated and under-reported, especially in the rural parts of South Africa. Objective: To study the incidence of child homicide in the Transkei sub-region of South Africa from 1996 to 2014. Method: An autopsy record review study at the Forensic Pathology Laboratory at Mthatha for a period of 19 years (1996-2014). Results: Between 1996 and 2014, over a period of 19 years, 4,713 unnatural deaths were registered in the Transkei sub-region. The average rate of child homicide was 30 per 100,000 of the population of children. The rate of child homicide decreased from 31.8 per 100,000 in 1996 to 23.1 per 100,000 in 2014. The commonest method of homicide was stabbing, with an average rate of 12/100,000. Male child homicide occurred at an average rate of 21/100,000, and female child homicide at an average rate of 9/100,000. The male-to-female ratio is therefore 2.33:1 in this study. Conclusion: The incidence of child homicide in the Transkei sub-region of South Africa is high. It is a serious matter of concern.
THE ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY BETWEEN AND WITHIN BRASSICA SPECIES AND THEIR WILD RELATIVE (ERUCA SATIVA) USING SSR MARKERS

Microsatellites markers were tested for their ability to distinguish genomic distribution of the Brassica species of the U Triangle and E. sativa. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the genetic diversity of six Brassica species from U-Triangle (representing three genomes, A, B, C) and one from genus Eruca and to identify promising sources of genetic variation for breeding purposes. A total of 54 SSR markers were analyzed in order to detect variation between and within the selected genomes. Three primer pairs depicted the greatest genetic diversity showing 97% polymorphism between Brassica and Eruca genomes (2.55 alleles per locus). Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values ranged from 0.40 (SSR primer Na14-DO7) to 0.79 (NA10-G09). For comparison within Brassica genomes and Eruca, all the genomes were grouped in three modules i.e., ABE, ACE and BCE (Fig. 1). The tetraploid originating from their parental diploids alongwith Eruca was considered in the same module. For the estimation of relatedness within and among genomes, dice coefficients were computed as a measure of genetic similarity matrix. On the basis of genetic distances, dendrogram was constructed through cluster analysis. Two major clusters at coefficient of similarity level (0.47) were observed. One cluster comprised of all Brassica genomes and their accessions, while another consisting of all accessions of Eruca genome. The cluster containing Brassica genomes was further subdivided into four sub-groups that contained diploid and tetraploid species in a way that tetraploid species were grouped in between their diploid parental species with varying genetic distances. Present findings confirmed the validity of SSR markers in genomic studies.
The benefits of therapy dogs on student well-being within a UK university

Therapy dogs provide emotional support for people through their calm demeanours, friendly attitudes, and sensitivity to human emotions Fine as cited in Jalongo, McDevitt [1]. They are trained for the purpose of delivering emotional support, and differ from typical family pets by their calming temperaments Jalongo, McDevitt [1]. These dogs have been found to have multiple benefits for human wellbeing through their calm and friendly nature. Due to their numerous benefits, more recently, therapy dogs have begun to be utilised in school settings Stevenson [2]; Sutton [3], where research has found that children with learning disabilities become more social and engaging in class when a therapy dog is present Stevenson [2]. Research has further indicated that therapy dogs can also benefit the academic performance of students. For instance, Sutton [3] found that using time with a therapy dog as a reward for improved academic achievement was a successful motivator in encouraging students to achieve higher.
Evaluation of zootechnical and reproductive parameters of wild populations of Sarotherodon melanotheron Rppell, 1852 of Southern Benin raised in captivity

Tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron is naturally adapted to both fresh and brackish environments. In order to improve its farming potential, this study evaluated the growth, survival and reproductive parameters of individuals from three lakes of southern Benin according to their sex and age at experimental fishing. During fry rearing and breeding, fish were fed with commercial feed granulated. The chlorophyll a concentration and the abundance of plankton were determined by molecular absorption spectrometry and under a light microscope respectively. Physico-chemical parameters were within acceptable limits for good survival and growth of S. melanotheron. Together with chlorophyll a, three phytoplankton species and five zooplankton species were also available in the rearing tanks. At the end of the experiment (90 days post nursery), most of the growth parameters did not vary significantly according to the waterway of origin and the sex. However, the age at experimental fishing influenced significantly most of the growth parameters. The individuals from Lake Nokoue and Lake Toho were characterized by higher body weight, total length, standard length, weight gain, average weight gain, daily weight gain, nutritive quotient, survival rate, net biomass, biomass per square meter while Grand-Popo Lagoon individuals were characterized by higher ccondition factor and a weak ponderal and linear specific growth rates. Overall, reproductive parameters were higher in females than males. The majority of males were with empty testicles, while females with ova were expelled by manual pressure. S. melanotheron individuals from the considered lakes can be recommended for selective breeding program in fresh and brackish waters. Key words: Benin, Sarotherodon melanotheron, aquaculture, captivity, growth, reproductive parameters.