Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to assess the benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. Methods: We followed the standard methodological procedures of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science and Humanities (Web of Science), ClincalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for RCTs in January 2019. Independently, two authors (J.G., T.X.) extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, combined the data, and graded evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Our primary outcomes were assessed through rating scales of ADHD severity. Secondary outcomes measured were the possible adverse effects of vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D status after supplementation for ADHD. Results: We included four RCTs with 256 children addressing vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on ADHD symptoms. Vitamin D supplementation demonstrated a small but statistically significant improvement in ADHD total scores, inattention scores, hyperactivity scores, and behavior scores. The improvement was likely limited due to the low to very low quality of evidence in the literature. There was no statistically significant improvement in oppositional scores. Reported adverse events in the vitamin D group were mild and not significantly different from the control group. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum vitamin D levels and the ratio of patients with sufficient vitamin D levels. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate appeared to reduce ADHD symptoms without serious adverse events, associated with improved vitamin D status. However, considering the generally low strength of evidence, well-designed RCTs are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation for both children and adults with ADHD, especially in the setting of a combination of vitamin D and other ADHD treatments.
Exfoliation and characterization of a two-dimensional serpentine-based material

We report on an experimental investigation of serpentine, an abundant phyllosilicate, as an alternative source of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. We show, through scanning probe microscopy (SPM) measurements, that natural serpentine mineral can be mechanically exfoliated down to few-layer flakes, where monolayers can be easily resolved. The parent serpentine bulk material was initially characterized via conventional techniques like XRD, XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies and the results show that it is predominantly constituted by the antigorite mineral. From ab initio calculations using density functional theory, we also determine the geometry and electronic structure of antigorite, the observed structural form of serpentine. Additionally, we further characterized electrical and mechanical properties of the obtained 2D material flakes using SPM and broadband synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy. Wavelength tuning of the serpentine vibrational resonances, assigned to in- and out-of-plane molecular vibrations, are observed and compared with the FTIR characterization of the parent bulk material. They show that there is no degradation of serpentine’s structural properties during its mechanical exfoliation down to nanometer-thin sheets. Therefore, our results introduce the serpentine mineral as an attractive low-cost candidate in 2D materials applications.
Comparison between liver transplantation and resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with R0 resection being currently the only option for long-term survival. With the improvement in the outcomes of liver transplantation (LT), the indications for LT have expanded to include other malignant tumors, such as hCCA. The aim of the present analysis is to demonstrate and critically evaluate the outcomes of LT compared to resection with curative intent in patients with hCCA. Methods We systematically searched the literature for articles published up to May 2018. The following algorithm was applied ((hilar cholangiocarcinoma) OR (perihilar cholangiocarcinoma) OR klatskin$ OR (bile duct neoplasm) OR cholangiocarcinoma) AND (transplant$ OR graft$). Results Neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy was far more common in the LT group, with very few patients having received preoperative therapy in the resection group (p = 0.0005). Moreover, length of hospital stay was shorter after LT than after resection (p<0.00001). In contrast, no difference was found between the two treatment methods concerning postoperative mortality (p = 0.57). There was a trend towards longer overall survival after LT in comparison with resection. This was not obvious in the first year postoperatively, however, the advantage of LT over resection became obvious at 3 years after the operation (p = 0.02). Conclusions In non-disseminated unresectable tumors, LT seems to have a non-inferior survival. In the same patients, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and/or strict selection criteria may contribute to superior survival outcomes compared to curative-intent resection. Due to the scarcity of level 1 evidence, it remains unclear whether LT should be increasingly considered for technically resectable early stage hCCA.
APET in the background of endometrioma in an elderly infertile woman – a rare case

Minakshi Rohilla, Tanuja Muthyala, Manish Rohilla and Srinivasan Radhika Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India; Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
Transsaccadic integration benefits are not limited to the saccade target

Across saccades, humans can integrate the low-resolution presaccadic information of an upcoming saccade target with the high-resolution postsaccadic information. There is converging evidence to suggest that transsaccadic integration occurs at the saccade target. However, given divergent evidence on the spatial specificity of related mechanisms such as attention, visual working memory, and remapping, it is unclear whether integration is also possible at locations other than the saccade target. We tested the spatial profile of transsaccadic integration, by testing perceptual performance at six locations around the saccade target and between the saccade target and initial fixation. Results show that integration benefits do not differ between the saccade target and surrounding locations. Transsaccadic integration benefits are not specific to the saccade target and can occur at other locations when they are behaviorally relevant, although there is a trend for worse performance for the location above initial fixation compared with those in the direction of the saccade. This suggests that transsaccadic integration may be a more general mechanism used to reconcile task-relevant pre- and postsaccadic information at attended locations other than the saccade target. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that integration of pre- and postsaccadic information across saccades is not restricted to the saccade target. We found performance benefits of transsaccadic integration at attended locations other than the saccade target, and these benefits did not differ from those found at the saccade target. This suggests that transsaccadic integration may be a more general mechanism used to reconcile pre- and postsaccadic information at task-relevant locations.
Clinical pathway for the community-level management of patients with type 2 diabetes.

AIM To assess the results of a type 2 diabetes electronic clinical pathway using an empirical study. METHODS A literature review and expert meetings were used to formulate a community-based clinical pathway document for type 2 diabetes, and an electronic clinical pathway platform was developed. An intervention study method was adopted in which the electronic clinical pathway management intervention was applied in type 2 diabetes patients from the Weifang Community Health Service Center. The patients were randomly divided into the clinical pathway group (electronic clinical pathway management) or the control group (routine blood glucose control treatment), and the study lasted 1 year. The results of the electronic clinical pathway management for type 2 diabetes was assessed through a comparative analysis of three factors, namely, metabolic markers, standardised management rate, and blood glucose control rate. RESULTS The overall cohort comprised 264 patients. The postintervention blood glucose and blood lipid levels were significantly different between the clinical pathway (n = 132) and control groups (n = 132) (P < .0001). In addition, the fasting blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin levels, and blood lipid levels of the clinical pathway group were significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION The type 2 diabetes electronic clinical pathway can effectively improve the diabetes management levels and improve the degree of standardisation and levels of diagnosis and treatment during administration by family doctors. The application of the electronic clinical pathway can be further improved and expanded in community health service centres.
Critical reappraisal of underlying histological patterns in patients with suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern is the histologic marker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but usefulness of ancillary histologic findings may discriminate idiopathic from secondary UIP. RECENT FINDINGS Alternative less invasive procedures may identify UIP pattern preventing conventional surgical lung biopsy, whereas genomic analysis may recognize UIP pattern from otherwise poorly diagnostic samples. SUMMARY High-resolution computed tomography identifies a 'definite' UIP pattern in about half of cases, failing to recognize UIP in the absence of honeycombing or in limited disease. Although radiologic criteria for UIP need redefinition to improve their diagnostic yield, histologic features of UIP did not significantly change from the 1960s but continue to represent a major diagnostic tool, particularly in challenging interstitial lung diseases. A careful recognition of some histologic ancillary findings in UIP (e.g., cellular/follicular bronchiolitis with germinal centers, chronic pleuritis, interstitial granulomas/giant cells, bridging fibrosis) may be helpful in supporting secondary forms (e.g., connective tissue disease, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia) from IPF. Cryobiopsy and awake-biopsy are promising approaches to obtain representative lung tissue preventing conventional surgical lung biopsy. Genomic techniques have recently demonstrated good-to-high sensitivity and specificity to disclose UIP pattern starting from RNA obtained in transbronchial biopsy, possibly replacing and/or flanking soon traditional histology.
Chronic kidney disease in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke

Chronic kidney disease has a graded and independent inverse impact on cerebrovascular health. Both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease patients. Growing evidence suggests that in chronic kidney disease patients, ischemic strokes are more common than hemorrhagic strokes. Chronic kidney disease is asymptomatic until an advanced stage, but mild to moderate chronic kidney disease incites various pathogenic mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, neurohormonal imbalance, formation of uremic toxins and vascular calcification which damage the endothelium and blood vessels. Cognitive dysfunction, dementia, transient infarcts, and white matter lesions are widespread in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease patients. Uremic toxins produced after chronic kidney disease can pass through the blood–brain barrier and mediate cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, chronic kidney disease precipitates vascular risk factors that can lead to atherosclerosis, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes. Chronic kidney disease also exacerbates stroke pathogenesis, worsens recovery outcomes, and limits the eligibility of stroke patients to receive available stroke therapeutics. This review highlights the mechanisms involved in the advancement of chronic kidney disease and its possible association with stroke.
Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Aβ42 Tetramer: Multi-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Despite years of intensive research, little is known about oligomeric structures present during Alzheimer's disease (AD). Excess of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and their aggregation are the basis of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which attempts to explain the causes of AD. Due to intrinsically disordered nature of Aβ monomers and the high aggregation rate of oligomers, their structures are almost impossible to resolve using experimental methods. For this reason, we used a physics-based coarse-grained force field to extensively search for the conformational space of the Aβ42 tetramer, which is believed to be the smallest stable Aβ oligomer and the most toxic one. The resulting structures were subsequently optimized, tested for stability and compared with the proposed experimental fibril models, using molecular dynamics simulations in two popular all-atom force fields. Our results show that the Aβ42 tetramer can form polymorphic stable structures, which may explain different pathways of Aβ aggregation. The models obtained compose of the outer and core chains and, therefore, are significantly different from the structure of mature fibrils. We found that interaction with water is the reason why the tetramer is more compact and less dry inside than fibrils. Physicochemical properties of the proposed all-atom structures are consistent with the available experimental observations and theoretical expectations. Therefore, we provide possible models for further study and design of higher order oligomers.
Kinetic studies on the expression of alginate and extracellular proteins by Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRD1 and PAO1.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by its capability to produce extracellular virulence proteins and to establish biofilm-based infections that do not respond easily to conventional treatments. However, the physiological conditions that decrease the fitness of such a persistent pathogen would assist the host to defend itself and reduce the infection prevalence. Therefore, developing treatments against P. aeruginosa requires a quantitative understanding of the relationship between bacterial growth kinetics and secretion of alginate and proteins, in addition to the ecological factors that control their synthesis. For this purpose, we examined various environmental factors that affect the specific product yield coefficients (expressed as g product/OD600 (of alginate and extracellular proteins using a mucoid (FRD1) and a non-mucoid (PAO1) clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa, respectively. The results suggested magnesium sulfate, trace elements and hydrogen peroxide as significant variables that positively affect alginate synthesis by the FRD1 cells. However, the production of extracellular proteins by PAO1 was negatively affected by aeration and the concentration of ferrous sulfate. For understanding the kinetics of expressing alginate and extracellular proteins by the cells, a well-controlled 5 L tank bioreactor was used. The results suggested that under the bioreactor controlled conditions, both alginate and extracellular proteins are expressed parallel to biomass increase in the cells of P. aeruginosa.
Unitization modulates recognition of within‐domain and cross‐domain associations: Evidence from event‐related potentials

Although it is often assumed that memory of episodic associations requires recollection, it has been suggested that when stimuli are experienced as a unit, familiarity processes might contribute to their subsequent associative recognition. We investigated the effects of associative relations and perceptual domain during episodic encoding on retrieval of associative information. During study, participants encoded compound and non-compound words-pairs, presented either to the same sensory modality (visual presentation) or to different sensory modalities (audio-visual presentation). At test, they discriminated between old, rearranged, and new pairs while event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. In an early ERP component, generally associated with familiarity processes, differences related to associative memory only emerged for compounds, regardless their encoding modality. In contrast, in a later ERP component associated with recollection, differences related to associative memory emerged in all encoding conditions. These findings may indicate that episodic retrieval of compound words can be supported by familiarity-related processes, regardless of whether both words were presented to the same or different sensory modalities.
Platelet Count in Patients with Mild Disease at Admission is Associated with Progression to Severe Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome

Background: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) has a mortality up to 35–40% and its treatment is mainly supportive. A variable to predict progression from mild to severe disease is unavailable. This study was performed in patients with documented infection by Andes orthohantavirus, and the aim was to find a simple variable to predict progression to moderate/severe HCPS in patients with mild disease at admission. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 175 patients between 2001 and 2018. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe disease according to organ failure and advanced support need at hospital admission (e.g., mechanical ventilation, vasopressors). Progression to moderate/severe disease was defined accordingly. Clinical and laboratory variables associated with progression were explored. Results: Forty patients with mild disease were identified; 14 of them progressed to moderate/severe disease. Only platelet count was different between those who progressed versus those that did not (37 (34–58) vs. 83 (64–177) K/mm3, p < 0.001). A ROC curve analysis showed an AUC = 0.889 (0.78–1.0) p < 0.001, with a platelet count greater than 115K /mm3 ruling out progression to moderate/severe disease. Conclusions: In patients with mild disease at presentation, platelet count could help to define priority of evacuation to tertiary care centers.
Nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic modeling of the novel COX-2 selective inhibitor vitacoxib in dogs.

The objective of this study was to develop a nonlinear mixed-effects model of vitacoxib disposition kinetics in dogs after intravenous (I.V.), oral (P.O.), and subcutaneous (S.C.) dosing. Data were pooled from four consecutive pharmacokinetic studies in which vitacoxib was administered in various dosing regimens to 14 healthy beagle dogs. Plasma concentration versus time data were fitted simultaneously using the stochastic approximation expectation maximization (SAEM) algorithm for nonlinear mixed-effects as implemented in Monolix version 2018R2. Correlations between random effects and significance of covariates on population parameter estimates were evaluated using multiple samples from the posterior distribution of the random effects. A two-compartment mamillary model with first-order elimination and first-order absorption after P.O. and S.C. administration, best described the available pharmacokinetic data. Final parameter estimates indicate that vitacoxib has a low-to-moderate systemic clearance (0.35 L hr-1 kg-1 ) associated with a low global extraction ratio, but a large volume of distribution (6.43 L/kg). The absolute bioavailability after P.O. and S.C. administration was estimated at 10.5% (fasted) and 54.6%, respectively. Food intake was found to increase vitacoxib oral bioavailability by a fivefold, while bodyweight (BW) had a significant impact on systemic clearance, thereby confirming the need for BW adjustment with vitacoxib dosing in dogs.
Interrater agreement and discrepancy when assessing problem behaviors, social-emotional skills, and developmental status of kindergarten children.

OBJECTIVE The present study examined parent-teacher agreement and discrepancy when assessing kindergarten children's behavioral and emotional problems, social-emotional skills, and developmental status. METHOD Parents and teachers of overall n = 922 kindergarten children (M age = 3.99; 449 girls) rated the children using the Conners Early Childhood, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire for Assessing Preschool Children's Behavior. RESULTS Agreement was moderate for problem behaviors and social-emotional skills and substantial for developmental status. Agreement was stronger for externalizing than for internalizing problems. Agreement on the clinical relevance of problem behaviors and of social-emotional skills was stronger for children with a clinical diagnosis than for those without. Parents tended to report more problems, but also greater social-emotional skills and developmental status, than teachers. CONCLUSIONS The findings corroborate the importance of situational specificity for understanding interrater agreement and discrepancy. Future teacher questionnaires should more specifically assess children's functioning in kindergarten.
Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Fetal Cartilage Rudiment Cells on Graphene Oxide-PLGA Hybrid Microparticles

Poly(d,l–lactide–co–glycolide) (PLGA) has been extensively explored for bone regeneration applications; however, its clinical use is limited by low osteointegration. Therefore, approaches that incorporate osteoconductive molecules are of great interest. Graphene oxide (GO) is gaining popularity for biomedical applications due to its ability to bind biological molecules and present them for enhanced bioactivity. This study reports the preparation of PLGA microparticles via Pickering emulsification using GO as the sole surfactant, which resulted in hybrid microparticles in the size range of 1.1 to 2.4 µm based on the ratio of GO to PLGA in the reaction. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the hybrid GO-PLGA microparticles were not cytotoxic to either primary human fetal cartilage rudiment cells or the human osteoblast-like cell line, Saos-2. Additionally, the GO-PLGA microparticles promoted the osteogenic differentiation of the human fetal cartilage rudiment cells in the absence of exogenous growth factors to a greater extent than PLGA alone. These findings demonstrate that GO-PLGA microparticles are cytocompatible, osteoinductive and have potential as substrates for bone tissue engineering.
Literature Survey of Privacy Preserving Data Publishing (PPDP) Techniques

Microdata-Information collected by different organizations is published for analysis to the analyst, decision makers, policy makers and researchers. Original data is not published due to some privacy issues. So, techniques are needed to preserve privacy of data. This paper includes the comparative study of various techniques available to preserve the privacy of published data.