Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue in soccer: A brief review

This review describes when fatigue may develop during soccer games and the potential physiological mechanisms that cause fatigue in soccer. According to time – motion analyses and performance measures during match-play, fatigue or reduced performance seems to occur at three different stages in the game: (1) after short-term intense periods in both halves; (2) in the initial phase of the second half; and (3) towards the end of the game. Temporary fatigue after periods of intense exercise in the game does not appear to be linked directly to muscle glycogen concentration, lactate accumulation, acidity or the breakdown of creatine phosphate. Instead, it may be related to disturbances in muscle ion homeostasis and an impaired excitation of the sarcolemma. Soccer players' ability to perform maximally is inhibited in the initial phase of the second half, which may be due to lower muscle temperatures compared with the end of the first half. Thus, when players perform low-intensity activities in the interval between the two halves, both muscle temperature and performance are preserved. Several studies have shown that fatigue sets in towards the end of a game, which may be caused by low glycogen concentrations in a considerable number of individual muscle fibres. In a hot and humid environment, dehydration and a reduced cerebral function may also contribute to the deterioration in performance. In conclusion, fatigue or impaired performance in soccer occurs during various phases in a game, and different physiological mechanisms appear to operate in different periods of a game.
Relationship between the thyroid axis and alcohol craving.

AIMS A few studies have suggested a relationship between thyroid hormones and alcohol dependence (AD) such as a blunted increase of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), lower levels of circulating free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels and down regulation of the TRH receptors. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between the hormones of the thyroid axis and alcohol-seeking behaviors in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients. METHODS Forty-two treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals enrolled in a 12-week treatment study were considered. The Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) was used to assess the number of drinks consumed during the 12-week period. Blood levels of thyroid hormones (TSH, fT3 and fT4) were measured prior to and at the end of treatment. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate craving for alcohol [Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) and its two subscales ODS for obsessions and CDS for compulsions] as well as anxiety [State and Trait Inventory (STAI)], depression [the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung)] and aggression [the Aggressive Questionnaire (AQ)]. RESULTS At baseline, we found significant positive correlations between fT3 and OCDS (r = 0.358, P = 0.029) and CDS (r = 0.405, P = 0.013) and negative correlations between TSH levels and STAI (r = -0.342, P = 0.031), and AQ (r = -0.35, P = 0.027). At the end of the 12-week study period, abstinent patients had a greater change in TSH than those who relapsed (-0.4 vs. -0.25, F(1,24) = 5.4, P = 0.029). CONCLUSION If confirmed in larger samples, these findings could suggest that the thyroid axis might represent a biomarker of alcohol craving and drinking.
A Conceptual Review of Functioning: Implications for the Development of Consumer Outcome Measures

Objective: Australia's National Mental Health Strategy aims to achieve improved consumer outcomes. The development and refinement of consumer outcome measures is targeted within the Second National Mental Health Plan. The National Standards for Mental Health Services identify measures of functioning, quality of life and satisfaction with services as relevant to assessing and monitoring consumer outcome. Consumers have described gauging their own recovery through the achievement of functional goals in everyday life. This paper reviews how functioning is viewed within the mental health field, and implications for developing better functional outcome measures. Method: Literature describing the development of measures of functioning, principles of outcome measurement, and functional outcomes for people with severe mental illness was identified, using PsycLIT. A review yielded themes reflecting a number of assumptions about the concept of functioning. Results: Functioning is inadequately defined, raising issues about what is focused on, and from whose viewpoint, each of which has implications for using measures of functioning to monitor consumer outcome. Conflation of dissimilar functional domains, and flawed assumptions about the importance of symptomatology in influencing functional outcome limit the sensitivity to meaningful change of functional measures. Consumer perspectives are relatively neglected in functional tool development. Conclusions: A conceptual framework that recognizes lived experience and the interaction between persons and their environment is much needed to guide the development of functional outcome measures. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies should be used to advance understanding of functioning and to address limitations of current approaches to functional outcome measurement.
Countries' Involvement in Whaling and the Impacts on Their Tourism Industries

Since the expansion of whale watching as an industry, many countries have converted from whaling as a source of revenue. There are still some countries that partake in whaling and also conduct whale watching tours. The belief is that these two industries cannot coexist in a country and that whaling will have a negative impact on the whale watching sector and the tourism industry all together. A comparative analysis of scholarly articles was conducted alongside a survey to examine the impacts of whaling on the whale watching industries of certain countries. The results showed whaling and whale watching can coexist in a country with no negative impacts on the country’s economy.
Effect of infused adenosine on cardiac output and systemic resistance in normal subjects.

1. The purine nucleoside adenosine relaxes smooth muscle in vitro and is a vasodilator in animals, but its effects on cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance have not been measured in normal conscious human subjects. 2. We have studied the effects of infused adenosine in doses of 0.005, 0.03 and 0.07 mg kg-1 min-1 on pulmonary blood flow and systemic vascular resistance in eight healthy volunteers, using a non-invasive, inert gas method and mass spectrometry. 3. At a dose of 0.07 mg kg-1 min-1, there was a rise in effective pulmonary blood flow (which is approximately equivalent to cardiac output) of 0.52 +/- 0.08 l min-1 m-2 (mean +/- s.e. mean) and a fall in estimated systemic vascular resistance of 357 +/- 44 dyn s cm-5. Despite this marked systemic vasodilation, there was no significant change in mean heart rate. 4. The effects of this dose of adenosine were maximal 2 min after starting the infusion, and had disappeared within 5 min of stopping it. 5. Adenosine may be therapeutically useful in the reduction of left ventricular afterload, where the absence of reflex tachycardia may be advantageous. We suggest that adenosine in doses of 0.03 mg kg-1 min-1 should be evaluated as a selective pulmonary vasodilator.
The Critical Role of Workplace Inclusion in Fostering Innovation, Job Satisfaction, and Quality of Care in a Diverse Human Service Organization

ABSTRACT With increases in workforce diversity, human service leaders are recognizing the need to create inclusive workplaces. Yet little research exists about the influence of inclusion on innovation, job satisfaction, and perceived quality of care. Using a sample of 213 participants within 21 departmental units (10 employees on average) in a diverse human service organization, the authors performed multilevel path analysis. Results suggested significant relationships between inclusion and quality of care through increased innovation and job satisfaction. Findings indicate that to improve quality of care, leaders must strive to promote a climate of inclusion in human service organizations.
Motives of cultivating traditional leafy vegetables in Tamale Metropolis

Although, there are several researches in Ghana’s agricultural sector, little has been done on the investigation of the motives of traditional leafy vegetable production in Ghana. This present study assessed the motive of traditional leafy vegetable crop production in the Northern region of Ghana using cross-sectional data. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 334 peri-urban and urban farming communities in the Tamale Metropolis. A questionnaire was administered to the respondents and data collected were analyzed using Chisquare test, percentage and frequencies. The results indicate that the motives for traditional leafy vegetable production were very similar for both peri-urban and urban farming communities. The main motive for traditional leafy vegetable production was statistically significant for cash income [χ (1, N=334) = 3.755, p < 0.050], and employment [χ (1, N=334) = 13.135, p < 0.001], statistically insignificant for manure [χ (1, N=334) = 1.064, p < 0.302] and food/subsistence [χ (1, N=334) = 3.755, p < 0.059]. Given that traditional leafy vegetable production is a good source of income generation, government should encourage the youth to participate in agricultural activities through the provision of incentives and ready market. Keywords—Leafy vegetable, Motives, Peri-urban, Urban,
Acceptance of mobile banking in Islamic banks: evidence from modified UTAUT model

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the factors which affect mobile banking (M-banking) acceptance in Islamic banks of Pakistan by using the modified uniﬁed theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, effort expectancy, perceived value, habit and hedonic motivation are taken as independent variables. Similarly, the intention to adopt M-banking is taken as the mediator, and actual usage is used as the dependent variable.Design/methodology/approachThe data are collected by using the survey method, and the five-point Likert scale is used for this purpose. The statistical techniques applied to the dataset were confirmatory factor analysis and partial least square structure equation modeling.FindingsThe empirical evidence shows that all the variables except for social influence have a significant positive effect on the intention which results in actual usage.Practical implicationsThis study will help the Islamic banks in boosting the M-banking growth and decision-makers in crafting those strategies that increase the M-banking acceptance.Originality/valueThis paper makes a unique contribution to the literature with reference to Pakistan, being a pioneering attempt to investigate the factors which affect M-banking acceptance in Islamic banks of Pakistan by using the modified UTAUT model.
Toxicity of fungicides with different modes of action to Cladobotryum dendroides and Agaricus bisporus

Isolates of Cladobotryum dendroides from Serbian mushroom farms and Agaricus bisporus F56 were tested for sensitivity to selected fungicides in vitro. Chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide to C. dendroides isolates (EC50 values were below 1.68 mg L− 1). Trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were not effective in growth inhibition of C. dendroides isolates (EC50 values exceeded 300 mg L− 1). Metalaxyl-M+mancozeb was the most toxic fungicide to strain F56 of A. bisporus, and iprodione the least toxic. The fungicide selectivity indexes for both C. dendroides and A. bisporus indicated that iprodione, chlorothalonil, captan and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb had satisfactory selective fungitoxicity. Iprodione had the best selectivity to both the pathogen and the host, although inferior than prochloraz manganese and carbendazim, fungicides officially recommended for mushroom cultivation in European Union (EU) countries.
Structural Basis of Neutralization by a Human Anti-severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Spike Protein Antibody, 80R*

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infectious disease that caused pandemic spread in 2003. The etiological agent of SARS is a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The coronaviral surface spike protein S is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates initial host binding via the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as well as the subsequent membrane fusion events required for cell entry. Here we report the crystal structure of the S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) in complex with a neutralizing antibody, 80R, at 2.3 Å resolution, as well as the structure of the uncomplexed S1 RBD at 2.2 Å resolution. We show that the 80R-binding epitope on the S1 RBD overlaps very closely with the ACE2-binding site, providing a rationale for the strong binding and broad neutralizing ability of the antibody. We provide a structural basis for the differential effects of certain mutations in the spike protein on 80R versus ACE2 binding, including escape mutants, which should facilitate the design of immunotherapeutics to treat a future SARS outbreak. We further show that the RBD of S1 forms dimers via an extensive interface that is disrupted in receptor- and antibody-bound crystal structures, and we propose a role for the dimer in virus stability and infectivity.
The Impact of Public Health Insurance on Medical Utilization in a Vulnerable Population: Evidence from COFA Migrants

In March of 2015, the State of Hawaii stopped covering the vast majority of migrants from countries belonging to the Compact of Free Association (COFA) in the state Medicaid program. As a result COFA migrants were required to obtain private insurance in health insurance exchanges established under the Affordable Care Act. Using statewide administrative hospital discharge data, we show that Medicaid-funded hospitalizations and emergency room visits declined in this population by 69% and 42% after the expiration of Medicaid eligibility. Utilization funded by private insurance did increase but not enough to offset the declines in publicly-funded utilization. This resulted in a net decrease in utilization. In addition, we show that uninsured ER visits increased as a consequence of the expiration of Medicaid benefits. Paradoxically, we also find a substantial increase in Medicaid-funded ER visits by infants after the expiration of benefits which is consistent with a substitution of ER visits for ambulatory care for the very young.
1α,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Mononuclear Phagocytes: Enhancement of Mouse Macrophage and Human Monocyte Hydrogen Peroxide Production Without Alteration of Tumor Cytolysis

1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 D3) is known to interact with hematopoietic cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 1,25 D3 on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and tumor cell killing by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human blood monocytes. Enhanced monocyte and macrophage phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)‐stimulated H2O2 production was observed at concentrations of 0.13 to 130 nM 1,25 D3 and and was maximal at 1.3 nM. At concentrations of 100 U/ml, gamma interferon (IFN‐γ) alone had a similar effect but, in combination with 1,25 D3, there was no cooperative effect. At concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 130 nM, 1,25 D3 failed to augment tumor cell lysis by macrophages from peptone‐injected normal or bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG)‐infected mice, or by blood monocytes from normal humans. Our results indicate that 1,25 D3 can activate the monocyte and macrophage for H2O2 secretion without concomitant activation for tumor cell killing.
LITHIUM-RICH GIANTS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

Although red giants deplete lithium on their surfaces, some giants are Li-rich. Intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars can generate Li through the Cameron–Fowler conveyor, but the existence of Li-rich, low-mass red giant branch (RGB) stars is puzzling. Globular clusters are the best sites to examine this phenomenon because it is straightforward to determine membership in the cluster and to identify the evolutionary state of each star. In 72 hours of Keck/DEIMOS exposures in 25 clusters, we found four Li-rich RGB and two Li-rich AGB stars. There were 1696 RGB and 125 AGB stars with measurements or upper limits consistent with normal abundances of Li. Hence, the frequency of Li-richness in globular clusters is (0.2 ± 0.1)% for the RGB, (1.6 ± 1.1)% for the AGB, and (0.3 ± 0.1)% for all giants. Because the Li-rich RGB stars are on the lower RGB, Li self-generation mechanisms proposed to occur at the luminosity function bump or He core flash cannot explain these four lower RGB stars. We propose the following origin for Li enrichment: (1) All luminous giants experience a brief phase of Li enrichment at the He core flash. (2) All post-RGB stars with binary companions on the lower RGB will engage in mass transfer. This scenario predicts that 0.1% of lower RGB stars will appear Li-rich due to mass transfer from a recently Li-enhanced companion. This frequency is at the lower end of our confidence interval.
Identification and Characterization of AngiotensinIV Binding Sites in Rat Neurone and Astrocyte Cell Cultures

This study demonstrates the existence of the putative receptor for the hexapeptide (3–8) fragment of angiotensin II (AngIV) on rat astrocytes and neurons grown in cell culture. Binding of 125I‐AngIV was saturable and distinct from that of the AngII receptor subtypes. Equilibrium binding was attained in 15 min in astrocytes and 75 min in neurons at 22 °C. The bound peptide was confirmed by HPLC to be intact AngIV while the bound peptide was substantially degraded, even in the presence of peptidase inhibitors. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding was consistent with a two binding site model, revealing a high affinity and a low affinity binding site in both cell types. In neurons, the respective association constants (Ka) were 2.72±0.23 nM−1 and 727± 354 nM−1, with associated receptor densities of 109.30±58.87 and 1723±1167 fmol/mg protein. Similar analyses in astrocytes gave Kas of 5.71±2.85 nM−1 and 277±205 nM−1, and respective densities of 191.1±90.1 and 1425±1250 fmol/mg protein. However, the quantitative reliability of these binding isotherms may be influenced by the degration of unbound peptide. Competitive binding analysis was used to determine the specificity of the receptor site, with the relative order of affinities being AngIV>AngIII>AngII(4–8), and no displacement by AngII, losartan and PD123319 in either neurons or astrocytes. Autoradiography with 125I‐AngIV performed on neuronal cultures demonstrated that binding was confined to a subpopulation of the total cells. These data support the existence of a specific binding site for AngIV in both neurons and astrocytes, consistent with the properties of binding reported previously in the brain, and distinguish this site from the AngII receptor subtypes.
The association between ankle−brachial index and asymptomatic cranial‐carotid stenosis: a population‐based, cross‐sectional study of 5440 Han Chinese

Routine screening for asymptomatic cranial‐carotid stenosis (ACCS) is controversial and recommendation in clinical practice is vague. The ankle−brachial index (ABI) is reported as a predictor for cardiovascular disease. However, there is a scarcity of data about the association between abnormal ABI and ACCS. A population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted to explore the relationship between ABI and ACCS.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and combined oral contraceptive use: a comparison of clinical practice in the United States to treatment guidelines

Abstract The October 2010 ESHRE/ASRM polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) workshop concluded: (1) all combined oral contraceptives (COC) appear to have equal efficacy for PCOS, (2) addition of antiandrogens (spironolactone) to COCs has little treatment benefit and (3) metformin does not improve the live-birth rate and should only be used with impaired glucose tolerance. We compared these guidelines to current practice in the United States IMS claims-database. Time-series analyses were conducted by calendar-year in women with PCOS to evaluate prescribing preferences for COCs, concomitant use of spironolactone, and utilization of metformin. Trends were analyzed with linear regression. Our cohort included 1.6 million women taking COCs, 46 780 with a PCOS claim. Drospirenone utilization increased by 1.52% (SE:0.48%, p = 0.007) per-year more in women with PCOS (4.16%, SE:0.45%, p < 0.001) than in women without PCOS (2.64%, SE:0.17%, p < 0.001)). Concomitant use of drospirenone and spironolactone was common (14.26%) and increased by 0.75% (SE:0.15%, p = 0.002) per-year. Although plasma glucose tests were unavailable, women with PCOS were more likely to take metformin than have a diabetes claim (45.8% versus 15.2%, p < 0.001), indicating some women likely receive metformin solely for PCOS. Our data suggests further attention is needed to medication management of PCOS to bridge the gap between guidelines and practice.
Islamic Banking and the Perspectives of Savings Mobilization in Tunisia

This paper analyzed the prospects of Islamic banking perspectives in savings mobilization in order to finance the development process in Tunisia. Besides the examination of the savings reality in Tunisia, this study investigated and compared Tunisians’ perceptions of savings in Islamic banks and conventional ones through a qualitative approach. The opinion poll of a sample of Tunisian adults proved that the potential of Islamic banking to mobilize savings is mediated by both the degree of Islamic banking saving awareness and contextual factors. Thus, Islamic banks can influence Tunisian savings by expanding knowledge of Islamic banking regardless of social demographic differences. Other obstacles to the adoption of Islamic savings products include the distrust and the questioning of the loyalty of Islamic banks as well as the limited number of Islamic banks and Islamic bank branches. Consequently, it is recommended to elaborate appropriate marketing strategies and highlight the specificities of Islamic savings products compared to conventional ones which in return would enable Islamic banking savings products to raise more funds for investment purposes.
Optimal timing of post-biopsy MR imaging of the prostate.

PURPOSE To assess the quantity and frequency of hemorrhage after prostatic biopsy. As post-biopsy blood products may interfere with interpretation of MR images, we also investigated the optimal timing for MR examination after biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen patients scheduled for prostatic biopsies were imaged with endorectal MR before and after the procedure. In addition, MR studies of 42 patients with prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The amount of post-biopsy blood product and the degree of its interference with image interpretation were assessed. RESULTS Of a total of 57 patients, 44 (77%) had visible post-biopsy hemorrhage. However, the presence of blood products were considered to interfere with interpretation of the images in only 12 (21%) cases. This disturbing effect seems to diminish after 21 days from biopsy. The total amount of blood clearly decreased after 28 days. CONCLUSION Deferring MR imaging for at least 3 weeks after prostatic biopsy is advisable. T1-weighted images are necessary to rule out false-positive findings caused by post-biopsy hemorrhage.