Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Club Chemotherapy and Biotherapeutic Agents for Autoimmune Diseases

New trends have emerged in treating patients with autoimmune diseases with medications traditionally used in oncology. This article will summarize a comprehensive literature review performed to identify effective chemotherapy and biotherapeutic agents for treating each of the main autoimmune subtypes (nervous, gastrointestinal, blood and blood vessel, skin, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems). In addition to agents currently used, some of the newer therapeutic options show great promise to radically improve treatment choices when considering individualized plans. Improved outcomes and symptom management using newer nontraditional therapies provide a great impetus for oncology and nononcology healthcare professionals to remain abreast of the advancements made to current treatment options. All nurses (oncology and nononcology) need to be aware of these new trends and strengthen their understanding of certain oncology medications and their side effects, as well as establish the safe-handling practices necessary to administer these agents. The Oncology Nursing Society’s Treatment Basics Course is one option that can provide nononcology nurses with the knowledge needed to fulfill new practice gaps. In addition, oncology nurses need to be aware of the many autoimmune diseases that may be treated with chemotherapy or biotherapy.
Structural Health Monitoring of a Prestressed Concrete Bridge Based on Statistical Pattern Recognition of Continuous Dynamic Measurements over 14 years

This work describes a vibration-based structural health monitoring of a prestressed-concrete box girder bridge on the A100 Highway in Berlin by applying statistical pattern recognition technique to a huge amount of data continuously collected by an integrated monitoring system during the period from 2000 to 2013. Firstly, the general condition and potential damage of the bridge is described. Then, the dynamic properties are extracted from 20 velocity sensors. Environmental variability captured by five thermal transducers and traffic intensity approximately estimated by strain measurements are also reported. Nonlinear influences of temperature on natural frequencies are observed. Subsequently, the measurements during the first year are used to build a baseline health index. The multiple linear regression (MLR) method is used to characterize the nonlinear relationship between natural frequencies and temperatures. The Euclidean distance of the residual errors is calculated to build a statistical health index. Finally, the indices extracted from the following years gradually deviate; which may indicate structural deterioration due to loss of prestress in the prestressed tendons.
Salmonella enterica Phylogeny Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Two New Clades and Novel Patterns of Horizontally Acquired Genetic Elements

Rapid improvements in nucleotide sequencing access and affordability have led to a drastic increase in availability of genetic information. This information will improve the accuracy of molecular descriptions, including serovars, within S. enterica. Although the concept of serovars continues to be useful, it may have more significant limitations than previously understood. Furthermore, the discrete absence or presence of specific genes can be an unstable indicator of phylogenetic identity. Whole-genome sequencing provides more rigorous tools for assessing the distributions of these genes. Our phylogenetic and genetic content analyses reveal how active genetic elements are dynamically distributed within a species, allowing us to better understand genetic reservoirs and underlying bacterial evolution. ABSTRACT Using whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from the GenomeTrakr network, a globally distributed network of laboratories sequencing foodborne pathogens, we present a new phylogeny of Salmonella enterica comprising 445 isolates from 266 distinct serovars and originating from 52 countries. This phylogeny includes two previously unidentified S. enterica subsp. enterica clades. Serovar Typhi is shown to be nested within clade A. Our findings are supported by both phylogenetic support, based on a core genome alignment, and Bayesian approaches, based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Serovar assignments were refined by in silico analysis using SeqSero. More than 10% of serovars were either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. We found variable genetic content in these isolates relating to gene mobilization and virulence factors which have different distributions within clades. Gifsy-1- and Gifsy-2-like phages appear more prevalent in clade A; other viruses are more evenly distributed. Our analyses reveal IncFII is the predominant plasmid replicon in S. enterica. Few core or clade-defining virulence genes are observed, and their distributions appear probabilistic in nature. Together, these patterns demonstrate that genetic exchange within S. enterica is more extensive and frequent than previously realized, which significantly alters how we view the genetic structure of the bacterial species. IMPORTANCE Rapid improvements in nucleotide sequencing access and affordability have led to a drastic increase in availability of genetic information. This information will improve the accuracy of molecular descriptions, including serovars, within S. enterica. Although the concept of serovars continues to be useful, it may have more significant limitations than previously understood. Furthermore, the discrete absence or presence of specific genes can be an unstable indicator of phylogenetic identity. Whole-genome sequencing provides more rigorous tools for assessing the distributions of these genes. Our phylogenetic and genetic content analyses reveal how active genetic elements are dynamically distributed within a species, allowing us to better understand genetic reservoirs and underlying bacterial evolution.
MBE-Grown  $\beta$ -Ga2O3-Based Schottky UV-C Photodetectors With Rectification Ratio ~107

In this letter, we demonstrate high-performance vertical solar-blind Schottky photodetectors on MBE-grown homoepitaxial (010)-oriented <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films. The structure, consisting of (100 nm) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/(60 nm) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{n}^{++} \beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, was grown on a Fe-doped insulating (010) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrate. Ni/Au and indium were used as the Schottky and Ohmic contacts, respectively. The devices exhibited a rectification ratio of ~10<sup>7</sup> with turn-on voltage ~1 V and an ideality factor of 1.31. The extracted Schottky barrier height was 1.4 eV. The photodetectors showed low dark current of 0.3 nA at 5 V with a photo-to-dark current ratio of ~10<sup>2</sup> at 0 V. The devices exhibited a zero-bias responsivity of 4 mA/W at 254 nm corresponding to an external quantum efficiency ~3 %, with a UV-to-visible rejection ratio >10<sup>3</sup>, showing true solar-blind operation. The transient response of the devices indicated rise/fall times of ~100 ms. Temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics agree with the thermionic emission model.
Morphology of urbanisation in India: some results from 1981 census.

Urbanization in India from 1901 to the present day is analyzed using provisional data from the 1981 census and other official sources. A continuing trend of migration to urban centers is noted although it is not as extensive as in many other developing countries. A significant increase in the pace of urbanization in the decade 1971-1981 is also observed. Regional variations in urbanization patterns are identified and discussed in the second part. (ANNOTATION)
Time Series Power Flow Framework for the Analysis of FIDVR Using Linear Regression

A comprehensive time series power flow (TSPF) framework is proposed for the analysis of fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR). TSPF bridges the gap between static power flow simulations and time-domain simulations for FIDVR analysis. FIDVR events can be simulated faster with TSPF, while transient simulations normally require much longer time. In the TSPF framework, a random model for the disconnection of the induction motors is proposed to determine the load for different “snapshots” during FIDVR events. Regression analysis is used to predict the parameters needed in the simulations. There is no need to simplify the network topology or aggregate loads into clusters as in measurement-based load modeling approaches. The techniques presented in this paper successfully reproduced two FIDVR events recorded in heavily meshed distribution networks in New York City in 2010 and 2015. The paper uncovers that the proper modeling of motor protections (thermal and under-voltage) is key to properly predict FIDVR events.
Necessity of the sleep–wake cycle for synaptic homeostasis: system-level analysis of plasticity in the corticothalamic system

Neural field theory is used to study the system-level effects of plasticity in the corticothalamic system, where arousal states are represented parametrically by the connection strengths of the system, among other physiologically based parameters. It is found that the plasticity dynamics have no fixed points or closed cycles in the parameter space of the connection strengths, but parameter subregions exist where flows have opposite signs. Remarkably, these subregions coincide with previously identified regions that correspond to wake and slow-wave sleep, thus demonstrating state dependence of the sign of synaptic modification. We then show that a closed cycle in the parameter space is possible when the plasticity dynamics are driven by the ascending arousal system, which cycles the brain between sleep and wake to complete a closed loop that includes arcs through the opposite-flow subregions. Thus, it is concluded that both wake and sleep are necessary, and together are able to stabilize connection weights in the brain over the daily cycle, thereby providing quantitative realization of the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis.
Practical Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

1. Upper limb: anatomy and technique - Eugene G McNally 2. Lower limb: anatomy and technique - Eugene G McNally 3. Ultrasound of the rotator cuff - Eugene G McNally 4. Ultrasound of the shoulder - Wayne Gibbon 5. Ultrasound of the elbow - Ian Beggs 6. Ultrasound of the hand and wrist - Stefano Bianchi, Carlo Martinoli,Michel Cohen and Nathalie Boutry 7. Imaging in developmental dysplasia of the hip - David Wilson and Jane Wolstencroft 8. Ultrasound of the hip - Eugene G McNally 9. Ultrasound of knee pathology - Lawrence Friedman and Rethy K Chhem 10. Ultrasound of the foot and ankle - Eugene G McNally 11. Ultrasound of soft-tissue masses - Simon Ostlere 12. Ultrasound of muscle trauma - Philip Robinson 13. Ultrasound imaging of joint disease - Phil J O'Connor and Andrew J Grainger 14. Doppler ultrasound in the musculoskeletal system - James Teh 15. Musculoskeletal interventional ultrasound - Eugene G McNally 16. Ultrasound of groin Injury - Philip Robinson
Orthographic Feature Transform for Monocular 3D Object Detection

3D object detection from monocular images has proven to be an enormously challenging task, with the performance of leading systems not yet achieving even 10\% of that of LiDAR-based counterparts. One explanation for this performance gap is that existing systems are entirely at the mercy of the perspective image-based representation, in which the appearance and scale of objects varies drastically with depth and meaningful distances are difficult to infer. In this work we argue that the ability to reason about the world in 3D is an essential element of the 3D object detection task. To this end, we introduce the orthographic feature transform, which enables us to escape the image domain by mapping image-based features into an orthographic 3D space. This allows us to reason holistically about the spatial configuration of the scene in a domain where scale is consistent and distances between objects are meaningful. We apply this transformation as part of an end-to-end deep learning architecture and achieve state-of-the-art performance on the KITTI 3D object benchmark. \footnote{We will release full source code and pretrained models upon acceptance of this manuscript for publication.
Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells

Epithelial and mucosal barriers are critical interfaces physically separating the body from the outside environment and are the tissues most exposed to microorganisms and potential inflammatory agents. The integrity of these tissues requires fine tuning of the local immune system to enable the efficient elimination of invasive pathogens while simultaneously preserving a beneficial relationship with commensal organisms and preventing autoimmunity. Although they only represent a small fraction of circulating and lymphoid T cells, γδ T cells form a substantial population at barrier sites and even outnumber conventional αβ T cells in some tissues. After their egress from the thymus, several γδ T cell subsets naturally establish residency in predetermined mucosal and epithelial locations, as exemplified by the restricted location of murine Vγ5+ and Vγ3Vδ1+ T cell subsets to the intestinal epithelium and epidermis, respectively. Because of their preferential location in barrier sites, γδ T cells are often directly or indirectly influenced by the microbiota or the pathogens that invade these sites. More recently, a growing body of studies have shown that γδ T cells form long-lived memory populations upon local inflammation or bacterial infection, some of which permanently populate the affected tissues after pathogen clearance or resolution of inflammation. Natural and induced resident γδ T cells have been implicated in many beneficial processes such as tissue homeostasis and pathogen control, but their presence may also exacerbate local inflammation under certain circumstances. Further understanding of the biology and role of these unconventional resident T cells in homeostasis and disease may shed light on potentially novel vaccines and therapies.
Amphistome infections in domestic and wild ruminants in East and Southern Africa: A review

In this article, the main amphistome species infecting domestic and wild ruminants in East and Southern Africa, their snail intermediate hosts and epidemiological features are reviewed and discussed. Twenty-six amphistome species belonging to nine genera from three families occur in domestic and wild ruminants in the region under review and over 70% of them belong to the genera Calicophoron, Carmyerius and Cotylophoron. Of the amphistome species, 76.9% are shared between domestic and wild ruminant hosts – an important observation when considering the different options for control. Seven freshwater snail species belonging to four genera from two families act as intermediate hosts of the identified amphistome species, with the genus Bulinus contributing 57% of the snail species. Some of the snails are intermediate hosts of amphistome species belonging to the same genus or to different genera; a phenomenon not yet fully elucidated as some snails are reported to be naturally infected with amphistome cercariae of unidentified species. Only nine (34.6%, 9/26) of the amphistome species have known snail intermediate hosts, while most (65.4%, 17/26) have unknown hosts. Species of intermediate hosts and the potential of the flukes to infect these hosts, the biological potential of the snail hosts, the definitive hosts management systems and their grazing habits are considered to be the main factors influencing the epidemiology of amphistomosis. Based on the epidemiological features of amphistome infections, various practical control options are discussed. Further research is necessary to determine amphistome–snail associations, develop diagnostic tests that can detect prepatent infections in the definitive host, determine the burden and economic importance of amphistomosis in domestic and wild ruminants and the efficacy of different anthelmintics in the treatment of patent infections.
Informed choice or guessing game? Understanding caregivers’ perceptions and use of infant formula labelling

Abstract Objective Although breast-feeding is the recommended way to feed an infant, a safe and nutritious substitute for breast milk is needed for infants who are not breast-fed. Labelling information on infant formula (IF) products aims to enable caregivers (who have already made the decision to use IF) to make informed product choices. Yet, there is limited data on how caregivers understand and use the information provided on IF packaging. The present study aimed to increase understanding of caregivers’ interpretation and use of the following label elements on IF products: the nutrition information statement; the ingredients list; and statements around nutrition content and health claims. Design Qualitative data were obtained from twenty-one focus group discussions. To enable comparison of findings by education level and ethnicity, focus group participants were homogeneous with respect to educational attainment (Australian groups) or ethnic background (New Zealand groups). Setting Focus groups were conducted in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia and New Zealand. Participants Caregivers (n 136) of formula-fed infants. Results Framework analysis revealed that caregivers commonly experience difficulties when using labelling information, particularly when trying to identify and understand key differences between products. Moreover, comparing products can be a complex task regardless of education level and ethnicity. Conclusions Further research is required to determine the most effective strategies for meeting information needs of caregivers and allowing easier identification and understanding of product differences. This is especially important given that the vast range of IF products across large price ranges in the market adds to the complexity of purchase decisions.
How are risk ratios reported in orthopaedic surgery journals? A descriptive study of formats used to report absolute risks

Purpose The numerical format in which risks are communicated can affect risk comprehension and perceptions of medical professionals. We investigated what numerical formats are used to report absolute risks in empirical articles, estimated the frequency of biasing formats and rated the quality of figures used to display the risks. Design Descriptive study of reporting practices. Method We randomly sampled articles published in seven leading orthopaedic surgery journals during a period of 13 years. From these, we selected articles that reported group comparisons on a binary outcome (eg, revision rates in two groups) and recorded the numerical format used to communicate the absolute risks in the results section. The quality of figures was assessed according to published guidelines for transparent visual aids design. Outcome measures Prevalence of information formats and quality of figures. Results The final sample consisted of 507 articles, of which 14% reported level 1 evidence, 13% level 2 and 73% level 3 or lower. The majority of articles compared groups of different sizes (90%), reported both raw numbers and percentages (64%) and did not report the group sizes alongside (50%). Fifteen per cent of articles used two formats identified as biasing: only raw numbers (8%, ‘90 patients vs 100 patients’) or raw numbers reported alongside different group sizes (7%, ‘90 out of 340 patients vs 100 out of 490 patients’). The prevalence of these formats decreased in more recent publications. Figures (n=79) had on average two faults that could distort comprehension, and the majority were rated as biasing. Conclusion Authors use a variety of formats to report absolute risks in scientific articles and are likely not aware of how some formats and graph design features can distort comprehension. Biases can be reduced if journals adopt guidelines for transparent risk communication but more research is needed into the effects of different formats.
Introducing Precision Addiction Management of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, the Construct That Underpins All Addictive Behaviors

These basic concepts underpin translational addiction-related research that can help the multitude of victims of genetically induced RDS become the recipients of better therapeutic relapse-preventive tactics. Finally, as neuroscientists and psychiatrists, working in the “addiction space” we encourage the global scientific community to take heed and reconsider the current utilization of dopaminergic blockade and instead adopt the goal of regaining dopamine homeostasis. Optimistically, early predisposition diagnosis through genetic testing; including pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic monitoring, with appropriate urine drug screening, and treatment with pro-dopamine regulators could conceivably reduce stress, craving, and relapse and enhance well-being in the recovery community. Following required basic and clinically directed research, the notion of genetically guided therapy may become a front-line technology with the potential to overcome, in part, the current heightened rates of substance abuse.
Direct Adaptive Optimal Control for Uncertain Continuous-Time LTI Systems Without Persistence of Excitation

This brief presents a novel direct adaptive optimal controller design for uncertain continuous-time linear time-invariant systems. The optimal gain parameter, obtained from the Riccati equation, is continuously estimated without using knowledge of the system dynamics, rather information rich past, and current data along the system trajectory is used for parameter estimation. This approach guarantees parameter convergence to the close neighborhood of the optimal controller by relaxing the restrictive persistence of excitation condition, typically required for achieving parameter convergence in approximate/adaptive optimal control methods. A Lyapunov-based analysis establishes the uniformly ultimately bounded stability of the designed controller. Further a simulation example demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed result.
Comparative Genomics of Serial Candida glabrata Isolates and the Rapid Acquisition of Echinocandin Resistance during Therapy

The opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata shows a concerning increase in drug resistance. Here, we present the analysis of two serial bloodstream isolates, obtained 12 days apart. ABSTRACT The opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata shows a concerning increase in drug resistance. Here, we present the analysis of two serial bloodstream isolates, obtained 12 days apart. Both isolates show pan-azole resistance and echinocandin resistance was acquired during the sampling interval. Genome sequencing identified nine nonsynonymous SNVs between the strains, including a S663P substitution in FKS2 and previously undescribed SNVs in MDE1 and FPR1, offering insight into how C. glabrata acquires drug resistance and adapts to a human host.