Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Ever-Shadowed Past? Citizens’ Attitudes towards the Dictatorship in Twenty-First Century Portugal

Abstract Several years after the transition to democracy, positive attitudes towards the authoritarian past are still observable in Portugal: the belief that the previous regime had more good things than bad things is expressed by about one-fifth of the Portuguese. What explains this nostalgic sentiment? Are factors such as socialisation under the regime, party identification or religiosity more important than satisfaction with democracy and the state of the economy? The empirical analysis suggests that the relevance of these factors varies considerably, but socialisation phases lead to different stances on the past both in routine times and in times of economic crisis.
Prenatal Cerebellar Ontogenesis

Although the ontogeny of the cerebellum has been studied with cytological techniques for more than two centuries, it is still of extended clinical importance in the basic neuroscience as the explanation of the mechanisms driving cerebellar neurogenesis is relevant to clinical neuroscience. This study is an attempt to perform a thorough morphological investigation of the cerebellum development during the prenatal period. The rat was the animal model of this work and the embryonic period covered in it,was from the embryonic day 15 till birth. We used the E-designation system to determine the relevant developmental stages of (62) rat embryos. For the general histological study, serial sections of paraffin blocks of the embryonic tissues were stained with H&E stain and for the neurohistological study, they were stained with Nissl and Bielschowsky's Silver stains. The results of the present study revealed that major morphogenetic events take place during prenatal cerebellar ontogenesis including the formation of the Rhombencephalic demilune, external granular layer, migration and settlement of the Purkinje cells, primitive cerebellar cortex and 1 stage of the foliation. This work concluded that hallmark of the major morphogenetic events that take place during prenatal cerebellar ontogenesis is the migration of Purkinje and granular cell precursors.
University of Groningen Do Motives to Undertake Physical Activity Relate to Physical Activity in Adolescent Boys and Girls? Kopcakova,

Low levels of physical activity (PA) during adolescence contribute to obesity and poor health outcomes in adolescence, and these associations endure into adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between motives for PA and the level of PA among adolescent boys and girls. We obtained data regarding motives for PA and frequency of PA in 2010 via the Health Behavior in School-aged Children cross-sectional study in the Czech and Slovak Republics (n = 9018, mean age = 13.6, 49% boys). Respondents answered OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12 7657 questions about their motives for PA and the frequency of their PA. Motives for PA were assessed using 13 items, which were structured in four groups. We explored the association between the motives for PA and sufficient PA using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, and separately for boys and girls. “Good child” motives and Achievement motives were significantly associated with sufficient PA among both boys and girls. Health motives were associated with sufficient PA only among boys, and Social motives were associated with sufficient PA only among girls. Motives for PA were associated with the level of PA, and this association was partially gender dependent. These gender differences should be considered in interventions focusing on enhancement of PA.
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programs; How Far are we?

Type 2 diabetes is the most costly chronic disease for both, the individual and the society. Many randomized controlled trials of structured lifestyle modification have consistently demonstrated that achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight through a combination of a change in dietary behaviors and an increase of physical activity reduces the risk of incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults at high risk. Although, their results have demonstrated the efficacy of lifestyle modification for diabetes prevention, long-term compliance with these lifestyle changes has proven difficult, however, and the benefits wane with weight regain. Small community-based programs have reported some success in modifying surrogate markers for diabetes through lifestyle intervention. The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions has been examined in a number of clinical trials and computer modelling simulations. Short timehorizon studies have shown prediabetes lifestyle interventions to be cost-effective and even cost saving. Long timehorizon studies based on 10- to 30-year predictive mathematical models have used different models with different data, and have come to different conclusions about the cost-effectiveness of prediabetes lifestyle interventions. It is difficult to base a long time-horizon policy decision on predictive models when long-term randomized controlled trial data are not available to support the conclusions of those models. In conclusion, for large-scale implementation of preventive strategies, the future plan should focus on health education of the public, improving the national capacity to detect and manage non-communicable diseases and development of innovative, cost effective, and scalable methodologies.
Ten Frequently Asked Questions About Implicit Measures and Their Frequently Supposed, But Not Entirely Correct Answers

Self-report measures are often criticised for their susceptibility to self-presentation and their inability to capture mental contents that are inaccessible to introspection. Over the past decade, researchers have attempted to overcome these problems by means of implicit measures, which infer mental contents from participants’ performance on experimental paradigms. In the present article I provide an overview of the currently available implicit measures and discuss 10 common assumptions about these measures. I argue that many of these assumptions are either inconsistent with the available evidence or theoretically problematic for conceptual reasons. Nevertheless, implicit measures have proven their usefulness in predicting behaviours that are difficult to predict with traditional self-report measures. Thus, even though implicit measures may not be able to provide the information that is sometimes attributed to these measures, they represent a valuable addition to the toolbox of psychological instruments in understanding the determinants of human behaviour.
MECHANISM OF THE X-RAY AND SOFT GAMMA-RAY EMISSIONS FROM HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD PULSAR: PSR B1509−58

We use the outer gap model to explain the spectrum and the energy-dependent light curves of the X-ray and soft γ-ray radiations of the spin-down powered pulsar PSR B1509-58. In the outer gap model, most pairs inside the gap are created around the null charge surface and the gap's electric field separates the two charges to move in opposite directions. Consequently, the region from the null charge surface to the light cylinder is dominated by the outflow current while that from the null charge surface to the star is dominated by the inflow current. We suggest that the viewing angle of PSR B1509−58 only receives the inflow radiation. The incoming curvature photons are converted to pairs by the strong magnetic field of the star. The X-rays and soft γ-rays of PSR B1509−58 result from the synchrotron radiation of these pairs. Magnetic pair creation requires a large pitch angle, which makes the pulse profile of the synchrotron radiation distinct from that of the curvature radiation. We carefully trace the pulse profiles of the synchrotron radiation with different pitch angles. We find that the differences between the light curves of different energy bands are due to the different pitch angles of the secondary pairs, and that the second peak appearing at E > 10 MeV comes from the region near the star, where the stronger magnetic field allows pair creation to happen with a smaller pitch angle.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMMERITE, KMg(V5O14)·8H2O: BONDING BETWEEN THE [V10O28]6− STRUCTURAL UNIT AND THE {K2Mg2(H2O)16}6+ INTERSTITIAL COMPLEX

Nous avons etabli de nouveau l'agencement des atomes dans la hummerite, KMg(V 5 O 1 4 )8H 2 O, afin de determiner la position des atomes d'hydrogene, donnees essentielles dans une analyse des liaisons entre l'unite structurale de base et le complexe interstitiel. Le mineral cristallise dans le groupe spatial P1, avec a 8.8178(4), b 10.7236(5), c 11.0707(5) A, a 65.798(1), β 74.057(1), et γ 71.853(1)°. Nous en avons affine la structure et localise les atomes d'hydrogene au moyen de 20,335 reflexions mesurees avec un diffractometre muni d'un detecteur de type CCD (rayonnement MoKa). L'affinement final a converge sur un residu R de 0.021. L'unite structurale de la hummerite est le groupe decavanadate [V 1 0 O 2 8 ] 6 - , semblable a celui des composes synthetiques de vanadium et de la pascoite. Les unites structurales equivalentes selon la symetrie sont liees au potassium et a l'hydrogene du complexe interstitiel, { 1 0 1 K 2 Mg 2 (H 2 O) 1 6 } 6 + . L'atome de Mg possede une coordinence octaedrique, avec six groupes (H 2 O) dans un complexe interstitiel. L'atome K, a coordinence [10], est situe dans un polyedre irregulier, avec cinq liaisons a des groupes (H 2 O) du complexe interstitiel et cinq liaisons a des atomes d'oxygene du group decavanadate de l'unite structurale. Un reseau important de liaisons hydrogene assure le reste des liaisons entre le complexe structural et le complexe interstitiel. Une evaluation des liaisons hydrogene entre ces deux composantes de la structure montre que le principe de la concordance des valences est satisfait, et que donc l'agencement des atomes dans la hummerite mene a une structure stable.
Whey protein-based water-resistant and environmentally safe adhesives for plywood

Whey protein is a renewable and environmentally safe biomaterial, a by-product of cheese production. It can be utilized for non-food applications for value-added products. The substances glyoxal (GO), glutaraldehyde (GA), polymeric methylene biphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI), urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, and phenol-formaldehyde oligomer (PFO) that contain reactive groups were applied together with whey protein as modifier in order to increase crosslinking density and molecular weight for improving the bond strength and water resistance of whey protein. A water-resistant and environmentally safe whey protein-based wood adhesive for plywood was developed by evaluating the effects of these modifiers on the bond strength, bond durability, and free formaldehyde emission of the resulting plywood panels. Results of FTIR and SEM analyses and bond evaluation indicated that GO, GA, and p-MDI were not suitable to modify whey proteins due to their high reactivity with whey proteins, causing phase separation. UF resin was not a good modifier for whey proteins because of either its poor water-resistance or higher emission of hazardous formaldehyde. Whey protein adhesives modified with PFO had a dry shear bond strength of 1.98 MPa and a 28h-boiling-dry-boiling wet shear strength of 1.73 MPa, which were both much higher than the required values for structural use according to standard JIS K6806-2003, while its formaldehyde emission was 0.067mg/L, much lower than the required value for green plywood according to standard JIS A5908.
Resolving asymmetries along the pulsation cycle of the Mira star X Hydrae

The mass-loss process in Mira stars probably occurs in an asymmetric way where dust can form in inhomogeneous circumstellar molecular clumps. Following asymmetries along the pulsation cycle can give us clues about these mass-loss processes. We imaged the Mira star X Hya and its environnement at different epochs to follow the evolution of the morphology in the continuum and in the molecular bands. We observed X Hya with AMBER in J-H-K at low resolution at two epochs. We modelled squared visibilities with geometrical and physical models. We also present imaging reconstruction results obtained with MiRA and based on the physical a priori images. We report on the angular scale change of X Hya between the two epochs. 1D CODEX profiles allowed us to understand and model the spectral variation of squared visibilities and constrain the stellar parameters. Reconstructed model-dependent images enabled us to reproduce closure phase signals and the azimuthal dependence of squared visibilities. They show evidence for material inhomogeneities located in the immediate environment of the star.
Enhancing bone healing through concurrent anabolic- and anti-catabolic pharmacological treatment

Most fractures heal uneventfully but some evolve into nonunions. Autologous bone graft is the gold standard for stimulating healing. However, donor site morbidity, and limited graft supply make alternatives interesting. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, BMPs, are growth factors involved in bone signaling. They are available in recombinant form for local application in nonunions and stimulate differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts. However, BMPs also induce osteoclastic activation, which can lead to callus resorption. In this thesis, we hypothesized that concurrent treatment with the bisphosphonate zoledronate (ZOL) could counteract this resorption, leading to superior healing compared to isolated BMP-7 treatment. In studies 1, 2 and 3, the synergistic effect of BMP-7 and zoledronate was investigated in a rat femoral osteotomy model, that untreated is known to heal in only 60 %. In study 1, autograft was compared with autograft+BMP-7 and autograft+BMP-7+ZOL with the hypothesis that the latter treatment would lead to superior healing compared with the others. All three treatments increased the healing rate from 60 % to 100 %. The autograft group reached half the strength compared with the non-operated controls, while the autograft+BMP-7 and the autograft+BMP-7+ZOL equaled and doubled the strength of the controls respectively. In study 2, we investigated if allograft+BMP can replace autograft. Allograft and different combinations of allograft, BMP-7 and ZOL were compared with; no treatment, autograft and autograft+ZOL with the hypothesis that allograft+BMP-7+ZOL would lead to superior union compared with autograft. Allograft+BMP-7+ZOL-treatment yielded a substantially higher peak force than all other groups. In study 3, we investigated if the testing method influenced the results of the mechanical tests. BMP-7 and BMP-7+ZOL were compared with controls and each other. Calluses were tested both in three-point bending and twisting. All femurs healed. BMP-7+ZOL-treatment led to higher ultimate force and greater stiffness than BMP-7 alone. This difference was most evident in the three-point bending test In study 4, the Masquelet induced membrane technique, was used to study the healing of a 6 mm rat femoral critical size defect. A synthetic scaffold was compared with BMP-7, BMP-7+scaffold and BMP-7+scaffold+ZOL. We found the combination of BMP-7+scaffold+ZOL to be superior to the other treatments. In conclusion we could show a synergistic effect by concurrent treatment with BMP-7 and zoledronate in all four studies. This supports the use of the combination, either alone or as a supplement to autograft, allograft or synthetic scaffold in both nonunions and bone defects. (Less)
Organizational Citizenship Behavior Factor Structure among Employees in Hotel Industry

Most of the literature on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) was developed in the West, mainly North America. Not much is known about the meaningfulness and categories of OCB in other cultural environment such as Malaysia. This study investigates the dimensionality of OCB using a sample of hotel employees. Factors analysis of OCB items as rated by superiors revealed 5 dimensions, labeled as helping behavior, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, patience and civic virtue. Factor analysis of OCB items based on self- ratings (non manager employees) resulted in six dimensions, named as altruism, courtesy, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, effort expended and civic virtue. These results show that the forms of OCB seem to hold relatively well in another international context, although there are some differences.
The impact of transformational leadership style on employee satisfaction

The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction of employees working in one of the biggest multinational FMCGs in the Egyptian context. The survey was adapted from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) to measure the transformational leadership style. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was adapted to measure employee job satisfaction. A total of 200 questionnaires were circulated, out of which 150 questionnaires have been returned showing 75% response rate. The findings of the study concluded that transformational leadership positively effects employee job satisfaction.
An estimate for weighted Hilbert transform via square functions

We show that the norm of the Hilbert transform as an operator on the weighted space L 2 (w) is bounded by a constant multiple of the 3/2 2 power of the A 2 constant of w, in other words by c sup I ( r I ω -1 I ) 3/2 . We also give a short proof for sharp upper and lower bounds for the dyadic square function.
First-principles calculations of electronic excitations in clusters

We discuss an approach to calculate electronic excitations in clusters, which starts from the determination of the ground state within density functional theory and the local density approximation, and subsequently yields electronic spectra from Green's function theory. These methods, which were originally developed and used in extended systems, are shown to work well also in clusters. We discuss the theory and the computational implementation, and illustrate the performance and the physical mechanisms of this approach for the example clusters Na4 ,N a 6 ,a nd SiH 4. c 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 77: 951-960, 2000
Footloose multinationals: Extending the internalization theory

Internalization theory explains how the multinational enterprise (MNE) makes decisions on new investments but does not explicitly address the restructuring (i.e., unbundling) processes that can take place within the MNE network of subsidiaries. Further extensions to internalization theory have considered the ways MNEs recombine, bundle, unbundle and orchestrate resources but have yet to address specifically the issue of divestments and relocations. We contribute to the literature by extending internalization theory through conceptualizing footloose behavior, a repeated relocation of divested operations over a period of time, and approaching MNEs behavior in a holistic way. Empirically, we use four case studies of mature, complex and diversified MNEs within the context of European Union (EU). These MNEs have engaged in several investments, divestments and relocations over several years. Through the analysis of their behavior we demonstrate how the inclusion of divestments and relocations can extend internalization theory in explaining the modern MNE.
The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on 1

Purpose The paper aims to investigate audit and non-audit fees during the global financial crisis (GFC) in an environment that is relatively sparsely regulated with regard to the provision of non-audit services. Design/methodology/approach Audit and non-audit fees were studied during pre-GFC (2006-2007), GFC (2008-2009) and post-GFC (2010-2011) periods. Findings During the GFC Swedish companies benefited from an increase in sales and total assets, although return on assets decreased. In this setting, the auditors charged higher audit fees compared with the pre-GFC period, despite the absence of increased audit reporting lags. A significant increase in audit fees continued during the post-crisis periods with auditors paying more attention to companies’ leverage and whether they report losses. At the same time the companies spent less on non-audit services. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to companies from Sweden which was less affected by the GFC. Practical implications GFC auditors are able to charge higher audit fees from public companies including those that are well performing during financial crises, and they are also able to increase the audit fees in the post-crisis period. This implies that auditors put in extra audit effort to compensate for higher risk or that they are good at negotiating prices with their clients. However, non-audit fees decreased during the same period implying that the demand for these services drops under financial instability. Originality/value – The study highlights auditors’ behavior in the liberal economic environment and it studies both audit fees and non-audit fees before GFC, during GFC and after the GFC. The GFC appears to provide audit firms the opportunity to extract higher audit fees. Our findings are of interest to managers, auditors and regulators.
Numerical and analytical modeling of unsteady viscoelastic flows : The start-up and pulsating test case problems

In this paper two test cases adequate for the assessment of viscoelastic flow codes under unsteady flow conditions are investigated. For one of them an analytical solution is also derived. First, the start-up of planar Poiseuille flow between two parallel plates was tackled. For upper-convected Maxwell and Oldroyd-B models there exist analytical solutions making it possible to evaluate exactly the discretization errors of the transient numerical method. Good agreement was found between the present numerical results and those analytical solutions, especially for “shock” propagation. For the UCM fluid, small numerical oscillations were observed at points where the time derivative of velocity was discontinuous, but for the Oldroyd-B fluid a smooth development of the transient evolution was obtained. Results with the PTT model without solvent viscosity and the FENE fluids were also obtained and, as expected, the behaviour was similar to that found for the UCM and Oldroyd-B fluids, respectively. Then, a pulsating flow problem was studied. In this test case the flow is generated by a periodic pressuregradient superimposed on a constant Poiseuille flow. The analytical solution for pulsatile Oldroyd-B flow in a channel was derived as part of the work and, again, difficulties in obtaining accurate numerical solutions with the UCM model were encountered, being necessary to employ extremely refined meshes. For the Oldroyd-B fluid no difficulties were found and the accuracy tended to improve with larger solvent
Observation of metallic surface states in the strongly correlated Kitaev-Heisenberg candidate Na 2 IrO 3

We report high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on the honeycomb iridate Na2IrO3. Our measurements reveal the existence of a metallic surface band feature crossing the Fermi level with nearly linear dispersion and an estimated surface carrier density of 3.2 $\times$ 10$^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, which has not been theoretically predicted or experimentally observed, and provides the first evidence for metallic behavior on the boundary of this material, whereas the bulk bands exhibit a robust insulating gap. We further show the lack of theoretically predicted Dirac cones at the $\overline{M}$ points of the surface Brillouin zone, which confirms the absence of a stacked quantum spin Hall phase in this material. Our data indicates that the surface ground state of this material is exotic and metallic, unlike as predicted in theory, and establishes Na2IrO3 as a rare example of a strongly correlated spin-orbit insulator with surface metallicity.