Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P 2 . 7 THE EFFECT OF CONTINENTAL AIR OUTBREAKS ON MARINE STRATOCUMULUS DRIZZLE FORMATION AND CLOUD BREAKUP

Through their effect on cloud microstructure and drizzle, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) may significantly affect cloud geometry and persistence and, thus, play a significant role in the evolution of marine stratocumulus cloud layers as a whole. Over the oceans, CCN concentration and size distribution often exhibit considerable variability, especially due to outbreaks of continental air masses infrequently modified by anthropogenic pollution or dust events originated from deserts. In a stratocumulus topped boundary layer (STBL), strong temperature inversion prohibits mixing of the continental air mass aloft with the underlying clean marine air (Ansmann et al. 2001), resulting in elevated pollution layers (EPL) of high aerosol/CCN concentration above stratus or stratocumulus cloud layers. Based on measurements made during FIRE, ASTEX and ACE-1 field projects, a number of researchers (e.g., Hudson and Frisbie 1991; Frick and Hoppel 1993; Covert et al. 1996; Clarke et al. 1997; Hudson et al. 1998) have reported observations of such EPL in clean marine regions off the California coast and in the Pacific, Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. Recent observations during the ACE-2 field program provided new cases of dramatic air pollution outbreaks which resulted in inhomogeneous vertical aerosol distribution over the ocean (e.g., Wood et al. 2000; Osborne et al. 2000; Putaud et al. 2000). Marked differences in the aerosol size distribution, composition, and state of mixing existed in the marine and continental air masses (Clarke et al. 1997). Fitzgerald (1991), for example, noted that in continental air masses the concentration of large and giant mode particles, such as nitrate or mineral dust, can occasionally equal the sea salt concentrations. Given numerous observational evidence on the existence of EPL, we would like to ask the questions of: 1) how do different vertical profiles of CCN concentration affect the STBL microstructure and drizzle, and 2) how the latter are influenced by the CCN size composition in the EPL? At present, very few studies have been made to address these questions. Jiang et al. (2001) investigated the influence of entrainment of CCN at cloud top on cloud evolu-
Development of an accurate means to predict the nutritive value of wheat for broilers and an investigation of novel wheat factors on broiler performance

This is the final report of a 24 month project (RD-2012-3805), which started in April 2013. The project was funded by a contract of £123,000 from AHDB Cereals & Oilseeds, £100,000 from Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland and £100,000 in-kind contribution from Moy Park Ltd. The project was conducted in partnership with the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Moy Park Ltd., Aunir Ltd. and Harper Adams University
A multistate Markov model for the progression of liver cirrhosis in the presence of various prognostic factors

In recent years, multistate models have been studied widely in survival analysis. This article illustrates the use of multistate Markov model to estimate the incubation period of cirrhosis and HCC from prevalent cohorts and to evaluate the effect of various prognostic factors on the disease progression. This kind of study is being done for the first time on Indian population wherein a retrospective data of 824 admitted patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and HCC has been obtained and analyzed to evaluate the effect of covariates on the transition/survival of these patients. It is observed that presence of encephalopathy, LGI bleed, altered sensorium, older age and raised level of serum creatinine are the significant contributors for the death of patients due to liver disease who were initially diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Also, presence of black stools and high creatinine levels plays an important role in transition from cirrhosis to HCC. Patients initially in HCC state with the presenting symptoms of ascites, LGI bleed and altered sensorium faces higher probability of death due to liver disease. Hence, it can be conclusively established that presence of ascites, encephalopathy and LGI bleed play a major role for liver disease patient in bridging a path to mortality.
The Effect of Fiscal Performance on the Re-election Results of Finance Ministers-Evidence from Swiss Cantons

Using data from 25 Swiss cantons over the 1980–2018 period, we estimate the effect of fiscal performance on the re-election results of finance ministers. Our estimations show that better performance, measured by the financing statement result in the year before re-election as well as cumulatively over the whole term, significantly increases the obtained vote percentage of finance ministers compared to their prior election result. Further we analyse how fiscal preferences and attitudes towards debt-financing channel the effect of fiscal performance on re-election results. In addition we present evidence for politician-specific monitoring as the finance minister in contrast to the spending ministers seems to be the sole member of government electorally benefitting from a good cantonal financial situation. All in all the results suggest a high sophistication level of citizens voting behaviour.
Sorghum : Genetic Improvement for Biofuel

During recent years, sorghum has drawn intensive attention from the scientific community and policy decision-makers. Three categories of sorghum, grain, forage, and sweet sorghum can be used differently for producing bioethanol and other kinds of biofuels. While grains from grain sorghum and juice from sweet sorghum are readily fermentable, the sorghum stalk which is a lignocellulosic material is recalcitrant. To utilize sorghum as a bioenergy crop, however, the biomass quality and yield must be enhanced. Highly fermentable and highly digestable lines are extremely desirable but research on this aspect is lagging behind those of other crops, such as maize. With numerous genes affecting sorghum quality being known, it is reasonable to expect that sorghum can be improved to serve as a biomass plant well through genetic and molecular breeding. Over the years, genetic modification of sorghum has been mainly conducted in three areas: 1) reducing lignin content by establishing brown midrib mutants and understanding the genetic mechanisms for lignin reduction; 2) developing cold tolerant progenies and identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to cold tolerance; and 3) investigating sugar related traits with the aim of increasing contents of sugar and nonstructural carbohydrates. This review provides detailed information on how these studies are carried out. Future research directions are also recommended for transforming sorghum from a promising crop to a truly invaluable plant in the biofuel arena. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Laying the guideposts for participatory practice Children ’ s participation in family law matters

The legal representation of vulnerable children different approaches and attitudes to an is conceivably the most critical role played ICL’s engagement with a child, identifies by lawyers in the family law system. Perhaps some structural impediments that may inhibit reflecting the importance of the role performed participatory practice, and outlines some by these legal representatives for children’s enhancements that could be made to improve best interests (called Independent Children’s children’s participation in the Australian family Lawyers or ICLs) the last decade has seen a law system. flurry of research around children’s participation from the perspectives of children, their families, It argues that while greater awareness of academics and the legal profession. participatory practice has been achieved, there
Attitude and Health Behavior of Dental Students towards HIV Patients 1217 – 1812 :

Aim: To investigate a group of Iraqi dental students knowledge about HIV infection, attitudes towards treating HIV/AIDS patients and behavior practices. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 220 dental students from University of Mosul, College of Dentistry who were treating patients in the clinics of the College. The survey instrument was a self–administered questionnaire. Results General and knowledge of the oral and other conditions related to AIDS patient was low, students attitude towards treating HIV patient was low (167) refused to treat such patient with a highly significant difference, most of the students (160) were willing to treat HBV (hepatitis B patient ) compared to only 60 that agreed to treat HIV patient , (32.7%), of the student had experienced a needle stick injury, (65.9%) of the students stated that an AIDS patient should be referred to a supporting group to provide him with dental treatment. A significant difference in the number and percentage of students that knew they needed to undertake precautionary measures in treating patients which was 213 compared to 7 students only. The three types of barrier technique during routine work was not undertaken by any of the students, 213 students i.e. (96.4%) required more knowledge concerning infection control, cross infection, modes of transmission of the disease. Conclusions: These findings clearly highlights the importance of the teaching emphasis of dental educators on the disease, it is vital that universal precautions also should be adopted through faculty policy and reinforced at an early level of study, so that the barrier techniques become a protocol and a norm in their daily practices as clinicians. Because of certain inadequacies in knowledge and infection control practices among respondents, a curriculum focusing on the management of HIV/AIDS, including infection for all blood borne diseases is recommended.
Peer Support for Mothers with Postnatal Depression

The number of mothers suffering from postnatal depression (PND) continues to rise at an alarming rate. Recent NICE guidelines (2015) have highlighted the need for the utilisation of psychosocial support – as opposed to the, use of antidepressant medication – as an appropriate intervention. One of the main reasons for PND is a lack of social interaction and isolation (Dennis, 2009). Could, therefore, disclosing to a fellow mother – who has previously shared a similar journey – help to assist in the recovery from this debilitating illness? In order to explore this question, eight peer support workers (PSWs) were recruited to offer one to one home visits within the postnatal period to a mother considered to be at elevated risk of PND – as suggested by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The PSWs visited the mother on a weekly basis, within their own homes, from week six postnatally for a period of six weeks. Data were gathered both quantitatively and qualitatively by the recording of the EPDS scores, log book entries and one to one interviews. Results revealed that the PSWs had a positive effect upon the mothers’ mental health, outlook and indeed, their relationship with their baby.
Production cross sections of hyperons and charmed baryons from e + e â‹TM annihilation near â‹ı s = 10.52 GeV

M. Niiyama, M. Sumihama, T. Nakano, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, V. Aulchenko, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, I. Badhrees, A. M. Bakich, V. Bansal, E. Barberio, M. Berger, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, J. Biswal, A. Bobrov, G. Bonvicini, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, D. Červenkov, M. -C. Chang, V. Chekelian, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, R. Chistov, K. Cho, Y. Choi, D. Cinabro, N. Dash, S. Di Carlo, Z. Doležal, Z. Drásal, D. Dutta, S. Eidelman, H. Farhat, J. E. Fast, T. Ferber, B. G. Fulsom, V. Gaur, N. Gabyshev, A. Garmash, R. Gillard, P. Goldenzweig, J. Haba, T. Hara, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, T. Iijima, K. Inami, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, Y. Iwasaki, W.W. Jacobs, I. Jaegle, Y. Jin, D. Joffe, K. K. Joo, T. Julius, G. Karyan, Y. Kato, P. Katrenko, D. Y. Kim, H. J. Kim, J. B. Kim, K. T. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, K. Kinoshita, P. Kodyš, D. Kotchetkov, P. Križan, P. Krokovny, R. Kulasiri, A. Kuzmin, Y. -J. Kwon, J. S. Lange, I. S. Lee, C. H. Li, L. Li, Y. Li, L. Li Gioi, J. Libby, D. Liventsev, T. Luo, M. Masuda, T. Matsuda, D. Matvienko, M. Merola, K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyata, R. Mizuk, H. K. Moon, T. Mori, R. Mussa, E. Nakano, M. Nakao, T. Nanut, K. J. Nath, Z. Natkaniec, M. Nayak, N. K. Nisar, S. Nishida, S. Ogawa, H. Ono, P. Pakhlov, G. Pakhlova, B. Pal, S. Pardi, H. Park, T. K. Pedlar, L. E. Piilonen, C. Pulvermacher, M. Ritter, H. Sahoo, Y. Sakai, S. Sandilya, L. Santelj, Y. Sato, V. Savinov, O. Schneider, G. Schnell, C. Schwanda, R. Seidl, Y. Seino, K. Senyo, M. E. Sevior, V. Shebalin, C. P. Shen, T. -A. Shibata, J.-G. Shiu, B. Shwartz, F. Simon, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, M. Starič, T. Sumiyoshi, M. Takizawa, K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, M. Uchida, S. Uehara, T. Uglov, Y. Unno, S. Uno, C. Van Hulse, G. Varner, A. Vossen, C. H. Wang, M. -Z. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Watanabe, E. Widmann, K. M. Williams, E. Won, Y. Yamashita, H. Ye, C. Z. Yuan, Y. Yusa, Z. P. Zhang, V. Zhilich, V. Zhulanov, and A. Zupanc
Impact of Self-Efficacy and Contextual Variables on Entrepreneurial Intention

Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, an empirical study of 213 MSM entrepreneurs in Odisha, in easternIndia, was conducted to validate and verify various causal-relationships of socio-economic factors associated with ‘entrepreneurial-intention’. Women constituted 25% of the respondents. The study evaluated their post-facto motivation factors. It also studied gender-gap in the field of entrepreneurship and examined the differences in motivation level between genders towards entrepreneurship. The study found women take up business as the ‘second income’ source and for ‘social wellbeing’. The findings indicated that entrepreneurial intent is related to the following factors: prior knowledge of business functions, source and evaluation of the business idea, efficacy, ability to measure business performance and satisfaction derived from entrepreneurial effort. However, intent is not related to social support, work experience, substantial wealth, starting team size and differentiation in business.
Effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio in diets containing corn , cottonseed meal and soybean meal on broiler performance during starter period

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of broiler chickens in starter period. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous with different ratios of lysine to crude protein, and basis of diets contained corn, soybean meal, and cottonseed meal. A complete randomized design with dietary lysine to crude protein was used to experiments The six starter diets ,based on lysine to crude protein ratios were A1(0/050), A2(0/055) ,A3(0/060) ,A4(0/065), A5(0/070) A6(0/075). Growth performance and carcass composition were evaluated during the experiment. The results showed that dietary lysine to crude portion ratio significantly affected the body weight gain (BWG), feed convection ratio (FCR), feed intake (FI), breast meat yield (BMY) and thigh yield (TY) (p<0/05); However, treatments’ effect on carcass percentage was not significant. A modeling approach was applied to determine the optimum level of supplemental lysine, and inflection point in spline models was considered as an optimum point. Using linear broken-line model, inflection points for BWG, FC, BMY, were 0.0. 062, 0.00.063 and 0.067 of ratio, respectively. These values in quadratic broken-line model were 0.069, 0.058 and 0.075 of ratio, respectively. Ratio of current study revealed that in diets comprising cottonseed meal were required the higher dietary lysine to curde protein ratio as compared with conventional diets. Moreover, due to low digestibility of lysine in cottonseed meal higher requirements are needed rather than the recommended level of NRC (1994) that recommended 0.052 during starter phase. [Gholam-Reza Zaboli and Abdolhossein Miri. Effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio in diets containing corn, cottonseed meal and soybean meal on broiler performance during starter period. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):454-458]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 70
Agricultural Credit Allocation and Constraint Analyses of Selected Maize 2 Farmers in Ghana 3 4

8 The study analyzes factors influencing agricultural credit allocation and credit constraint condition of 9 maize farmers in the Upper-Manya Krobo District in the Eastern region of Ghana. The study uses 10 primary solicited from the maize farmers through a structured questionnaire. Using the paired 11 sampled t-test to test for significant differences between the amounts of credit demanded and the 12 amount received by farmers, it is revealed that the amount of credit received was significantly lower 13 than the amount of credit demanded by farmers. The Probit regression model was then used to 14 estimate the parameters of the determinants of credit constraint condition of farmers. Factors found to 15 have significant influence on credit constraint conditions of the farmers are gender, household size of 16 farmers, annual income of farmers and farm size. The Tobit regression model was used to estimate the 17 parameters of the determinants of the rate of agricultural credit allocated to the farm sector. Factors 18 found to have significant influence on the rate of agricultural credit allocation to the farm sector are 19 age, bank visits before credit acquisition and the amount (size) of credit received. These results have 20 implications for financial institutions’ lending to farmers in developing countries. 21 22
THE MICROPHYSICS OF DEEP FRONTAL CLOUDS OVER THE UK

An investigation into the nature of glaciation in mixed-phase stratiform layer-cloud is presented in this paper. The glaciation in stratiform cloud is an important process to parametrise accurately in global climate models for several reasons. Glaciation in such cloud appears to be fundamental to the production of precipitation. Most of the surface precipitation in mid-latitudes falls from frontal layer-cloud. The Bergeron-Findeisen process promotes the efficient formation of precipitation embryos in mixed-phase layer-cloud. This mechanism involves the deposition onto ice crystals of vapour evaporated from cloud-water. Also, the optical depth and effective particle radius influence the radiative properties of a cloud, depending on rates of nucleation and growth of ice crystals. Finally, the release of latent heat during glaciation has a marked effect on the dynamical evolution of layer-cloud.
econstor Make Your Publications Visible . A Service of zbw

The voluminous literature on minimum wages offers little consensus on the extent to which a wage floor impacts employment. We argue that the minimum wage will impact employment over time, through changes in growth rather than an immediate drop in relative employment levels. We conduct simulations showing that commonly-used specifications in this literature, especially those that include state-specific time trends, will not accurately capture these effects. Using three separate state panels of administrative employment data, we find that the minimum wage reduces job growth over a period of several years. These effects are most pronounced for younger workers and in industries with a higher proportion of low-wage workers. JEL Classification Codes: J31, J38, J63
Effects of Hen Age and Forced Molting Programs on Egg Quality Traits in Laying Hens

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hen age and forced molting programs on egg quality during the postmolt period. The experiment was conducted using 320 Hy-Line W36 hens (63 and 75 week of age) randomly assigned to experimental groups (five replicates of eight hens for each treatment). The experimental design of the study was a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design. Eight treatments were compared in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with two age treatments (63 and 75 weeks of age) and four forced molting treatments [feed withdrawal (FW), 100% alfalfa (A), 50% alfalfa and 50% oats (AO), and 100% oats (O)]). The respective diet and water were allowed ad libitum, and hens were placed on an artificial lighting program of 8L:16D during the 10 d molt period. At 11 d, all hens were fed a layer diet and the lighting program was changed to 16L:8D. Three eggs from each replicate were analyzed for egg quality traits on every two weeks from week 3 to week 36 during the postmolt period. Hen age had no significant effect on egg quality traits in the postmolt period. Molting methods had a significant (P<0.05) effect only on egg weight during the postmolt period. The O group had significantly (P<0.05) greater egg weight than the FW group. However, there were no significant differences among molting treatments for shape index, specific gravity, shell strength, albumen height and Haugh units during the postmolt period. Our results indicate that hen age did not influence egg quality during the postmolt period. In addition, as a nonfeed withdrawal method, especially the O program can be used successfully for forced molting.
“WHEN OLSON MEETS DAHL”: FROM INEFFICIENT GROUP FORMATION TO

Two conflicting interest groups buy favors from a decision-maker. Influence is modeled as a common agency game with lobbyists proposing monetary contributions contingent on decisions. With common knowledge preferences, groups form efficiently and lobbying competition perfectly aggregates preferences. When preferences are private information, free riding in collective action arises within groups. This free riding implies that groups choose lobbyists with moderate preferences tilting final decisions towards their competitors. Intragroup inefficiencies are jointly determined at equilibrium. Lobbying competition imperfectly aggregates preferences. Asymmetric information, by softening lobbying competition, might increase groups’ payoffs, although it always hurts the decision-maker.
Optimization of an Iranian Wild Type Spirulina Platensis Cultivation Effective Factor

Spirulina platensis is an important microalga which has been cultivated commercially in many tropical countries, sub-tropical and temperate regions in order to feed humans and animals. The cost of the culture medium is containing 15 to 20 percent of its production process. Lower production costs can be a fundamental solution for the high-value production of spirulina. This study investigated the optimization growth of Spirulina as an Iranian species. Samples were isolated from a specific region (North of Iran) and more than 130 culture mediums were studied with different gradients such as temperature, light, PH and essential salts. The results showed the best growth conditions was in culture medium 18 (25 °C, pH=10.5 and light intensity = 3500 LUX) and the dry mass is obtained 40 mg per 100 ml. In this study, the best performance and optimize environmental conditions were achieved for Spirulina platensis.