Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unique siderite occurrence in Baltic Sea: a clue to siderite-water oxygen isotope fractionation at low temperatures

Recently formed siderite (between 1785 and 1996) at the bottom of South Baltic Sea was investigated by thin section petrography, XRD, electron microprobe (determination of major cation content) and mass spectrometry (d13 C and d18 O analysis). The siderite was interpreted as having formed from metallic iron partly protected from free oxygen access by wood tar with d13 C = -24 and from biogenic CO2 produced from this organic matter. Inasmuch as the siderite has highly positive d13 C values ranging from 8.05 to 15.41, we deduced that extremely isotopically heavy CO2 was generated in the process of biogenic decomposition of the organic matter. It was found that the d18 O values of siderite (26.58 to 27.74 vs. VSMOW) fit very well to the recalculated curve of Becker (1971) 10 3 059 10 4 53 3 6 2 ln . a = T and to published extrapolated experimental data.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Exploring the Connection Among Race, Ethnic Identity, and Ethnic Belonging

This study examined race and ethnic identity in relation to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Participants included freshmen at 2 universities, who were predominantly female. Final inferential statistics examined differences across Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and Multiracial students, finding African Americans and Asian Americans having significantly lower NSSI engagement than all other racial groups, and no other significant differences across groups. After controlling for depression and anxiety, a sense of ethnic belonging was significantly related to NSSI engagement. Cultural implications exist for working with college students who self-injure.
Impact of Celebrity Endorser on Corporate Identity, Corporate Communication, Corporate Image and Corporate Reputation

Celebrity endorsement has been established as one of the most popular tools of advertising in recent time. It has become a trend and perceived as a winning formula for product marketing and brand building. It is easy to choose a celebrity but it is tough to establish a strong association between the product and the endorser. This paper explores the issue of company image by assessing the reactions of respondents to advertising utilizing a celebrity endorser against one that does not. Interestingly it does not find any significant difference between the various responses studied towards two advertisement types. This indicates that the respondents viewed both advertisements similarly and reacted as such. This is exciting as it contradicts most past studies. At the same time, the data indicates that Behavioral responses were consistently lowest, followed by Attitudinal towards the company and its image and the highest was Attitudinal towards the brand and the advertisement. Keywords: Corporate Identity, Celebrity Endorser, Corporate Communication, Corporate Image, Corporate Reputation
Implementing intensive tact instruction to increase frequency of spontaneous mands and tacts in typically developing children

the present study explored the effects of a modified, intensive tact instruction intervention on the emission of spontaneous, or unprompted, mands and tacts during play in two typically developing, preschool siblings. intensive tact instruction involved presenting each participant 100 opportunities per session to tact stimuli prior to engaging in play. Picture cards were used as the tacting stimuli, which varied across five categories and five sets. Participants were reinforced for correct tacting responses or were conversely corrected for inaccurate or omitted responses. When compared to baseline, both participants exhibited increase in spontaneous tacts following such instruction. mands only increased slightly for one participant. this study adds to the research on the positive effect of using intensive tact instruction to help typically developing yet linguistically diverse children communicate.
How Important is Metal-Carbon Back-Bonding for the Stability of Fullerene-Transition Metal Complexes? Role of Cage Sizes, Encapsulated Ions and Metal Ligands

A density functional study of {η 2 -(X@C n )}ML 2 complexes with various cage sizes (C 60 , C 70 , C 76 , C 84 , C 90 , C 96 ), encapsulated ions (X = F − , 0, Li + ) and metal fragments (M = Pt, Pd) is per- formed, using M06/LANL2DZ levels of theory. The importance of π back-bonding to the thermodynamic stability of fullerene-transition metal complexes ({η 2 -(X@C n )}ML 2 ) and the effect of encapsulated ions, metal fragments and cage sizes on the π back-bonding are determined in this study. The theoretical computations suggest that π back-bonding plays an essential role in the formation of fullerene-transition metal complexes. The theoretical evidence also suggests that there is no linear correlation between cage sizes and π back-bonding, but the encapsulated Li + ion enhances π back-bonding and F − ion results in its deterioration. These computations also show that a platinum center produces stronger π back-bonding than a palladium center. It is hoped that the conclusions that are pro vided by this study can be used in the
Physical and nutritive properties of fermented cereal foods

Fermented cereal porridge, “Ogi” is made from maize, sorghum or millet. Fermented cereal porridges (and gels) are important staple food items for people of the West African sub- region and are also important weaning foods for infants. The qualities of these foods are measured in terms of their nutritive values evidenced in the biochemical properties and the textural characteristics. These qualities are influenced by many factors of types of cereal grains and the kind of treatments these grains undergo during processing. Many workers seeking to enhance Ogi nutritional status have investigated the ways in which these factors influence its physical and biochemical properties. This review attempts to bring into focus these various efforts. Key words: Fermented cereal porridges, physical and nutritional properties.
COMPARISON OF FATTY ACID PROFILES OF MALE AND FEMALE GIANT RED SHRIMPS (AristAeomorphA foliAceA RISSO, 1827) OBTAINED FROM MEDITERRANEAN SEA

This study was carried out to detect the concentration of fatty acid in female and male specimens of commercially important giant red shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) obtained from (including 20 male shrimps and also 20 female shrimp) Mediterranean Sea. In fatty acid composition, the saturated fatty acid fraction was dominant, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid for both sexes. The analyses indicated that PUFAs, and the MUFAs content were higher in female shrimp than in those of males and they were statistically significant differences in fatty acid profile between females and males (p<0.05).
Emotions and Argumentation

The relationship between emotions and argumentation is not always clear. I attempt to clarify this issue by referring to three basic questions: (1) Do emotions constitute a certain kind of argumentation? ; (2) Do emotions constitute rational argumentation? ; (3) Do emotions constitute efficient argumentation? I will claim that there are many circumstances in which the answer to these questions is positive. After describing such circumstances, the educational implications of the connection between emotions and argumentation will be indicated.
THE EFFECT OF USING DRAGONBOX ON THE MATHEMATICS TEACHING EFFICACY OF PRESERVICE MIDDLE GRADE TEACHER

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using the mathematical simulation games of DragonBox on preservice middle-level teachers’ mathematics teaching efficacy. The study employed an embedded, exploratory case study design using mixed methods techniques. The study comprised of 33 preservice middle-level mathematics teachers enrolled in a course designed to prepare middle childhood educators to teach mathematics in urban, suburban or culturally diverse middle school classrooms. The purpose of the course was also to provide current and future middle school teachers with the mathematics content, essential concepts, methodology, activities, and resources to both learn and teach mathematics in grades 48. Quantitative and Qualitative data were collected using five instruments: Mathematics Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale (MTSES) (Ryang, 2010), researcher’s journal, observation logs, interview protocols and artifacts. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank nonparametric test and reliability measure. The qualitative data were analyzed using Lichtman’s (2013) six-step coding protocol through Dedoose’s (2017) web application. The units of analysis for the qualitative data consisted of episodes where the preservice mathematics teachers engage with DragonBox gaming environment. Results of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed no statistical significance (at p =.216) in the MTSES posttest median score compared to the MTSES pretest median score, which indicated no change in the level of mathematics teaching efficacy. Six themes emerged as a result of qualitative data analysis related to teacher perceptions and factors associated with teaching middle-level mathematics using DragonBox. The data gathered was triangulated from the qualitative data. Through the themes, participants indicated they perceived the use of DragonBox as a learning tool, differentiate way to engage future students, and goal-directed learning tool that still relied heavily on teacher support. Participants also expressed that conceptual understandings and careful planning were needed to connect with a highly technology-driven society. The themes that transpired from the triangulation of qualitative data and the quantitative data was reviewed through the lens of the causal model of triadic reciprocal causation. Overall, this study showed that upon engaging with DragonBox gaming environment, preservice teachers had a more positive perception of the usefulness of DragonBox in teaching middle-level mathematics. INDEX WORDS: Preservice teachers, mathematics teaching efficacy, mathematics simulation games and mixed method techniques THE EFFECTS OF USING DRAGONBOX ON THE MATHEMATICS TEACHING EFFICACY OF PRESERVICE MIDDLE-GRADE TEACHERS by MONICA CATES
Analysing Success Factors in the Development of Absorptive Capacity in Pharmaceutical Organisations based in Pakistan

Absorptive capacity is a developing research topic within the knowledge management field, whereby different models and methods of capturing new knowledge is being explored. Business Processes and human-centered systems at macro level, in relation to absorptive capacity, have been explored by researchers, but typically in a generalised form. Antecedents highlighting the successful implementation of absorptive capacity processes have not been studied extensively so far. Therefore, this study, through critical exploration of existing success factors within pharmaceutical organisations based in Pakistan, attempts to highlight the requirements for the effective development of absorptive capacity in the workplace. The results show that factors relating to employees and management, both mid-level and senior, are critical in the successful development of absorptive capacity. Furthermore, this study explores new pathways for critical evaluation of absorptive capacity in relation to employees and management within pharmaceutical organisations.
The Determinant of Capital Structure of SMEs in Malaysia: Evidence from Enterprise 50 (E50) SMEs

Capital structure have implications in determining the ability and success of a firm, especially to small andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper analyses the capital structure of SMEs in Malaysia focusing onEnterprise 50 (E50) SMEs. E50 is an annual awards program initiated by government and organized by SMECorporation & Deloitte Malaysia since 1997 to recognize the 50 best SME companies in Malaysia based on theirperformances and potential to succeed. The secondary data from Companies Commission of Malaysia has beencollected for the study. The study employed regression analysis on 334 companies, utilised the accounting datafor the five year period of 2005 to 2009. Capital structure is the Dependent Variable referring to debt ratio of thecompanies, decomposed into Long Term Debt ratio and Short term Debt ratio. The Independent Variables (IV)are age; size; tangibility; liquidity; profitability; growth and taxation. Two theories of capital structure haveguided this study i.e. the Trade-Off Theory and the Pecking Order Theory. The study found that size is importantif we decomposed the debt into longand short term. In addition, asset tangibility, liquidity and profitability arethe main capital structure determinants for SMEs. Age and growth are important for a long term, while taxationis not an important consideration in capital structure decision.
Estimation of volume changes of mountain glaciers from ICESat data: an example from the Aletsch Glacier, Swiss Alps

Abstract. Worldwide estimation of recent changes in glacier volume is challenging, but becomes more feasible with the help of present and future remote sensing missions. NASA's Ice Cloud and Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission provides accurate elevation estimates derived from the two way travel time of the emitted laser pulse. In this study two different methods were employed for derivation of surface elevation changes from ICESat records on example of the Aletsch Glacier. A statistical approach relies on elevation differences of ICESat points to a reference DEM while an analytical approach compares spatially similar ICESat tracks. Using the statistical approach, in the upper and lower parts of the ablation area, the surface lowering was found to be from −2.1 ± 0.15 m yr −1 to −2.6 ± 0.10 m yr −1 and from −3.3 ± 0.36 m yr −1 to −5.3 ± 0.39 m yr −1 , respectively, depending on the DEM used. Employing the analytical method, the surface lowering in the upper part of the ablation area was estimated as −2.5 ± 1.3 m yr −1 between 2006 and 2009. In the accumulation area both methods revealed no significant trend. The trend in surface lowering derived by the statistical method allows an estimation of the mean mass balance in the period 2003–2009 assuming constant ice density and a linear change of glacier surface lowering with altitude in the ablation area. The resulting mass balance was validated by a comparison to another geodetic approach based on the subtraction of two DEMs for the years 2000 and 2009. We conclude that ICESat data is a valid source of information on surface elevation changes and on mass balance of mountain glaciers.
Donors, Aid and Taxation in Developing Countries: An Overview

We are pleased to present the fourth in our new publication series, ICTD Research in Brief -- two-page summaries of our working papers edited to capture the main policy messages and aimed at policy makers, tax administrators, fellow researchers and anyone else who is big on interest and short on time. We hope you enjoy it. There is growing interest among development policymakers in taxation, both as a crucial source of revenue for development and because taxation is central to economic growth, redistribution and broader state-building and governance goals. This paper explores the direct impact of donor supported tax reform efforts; the indirect impact of aid and related donor policies on domestic tax effort; the potentially perverse effects of tax-related conditionality; and the impact of broader donor policies including global tax arrangements. It makes detailed recommendations about future donor support for tax reform.
Job Search Assistance Programs in Europe: Evaluation Methods and Recent Empirical Findings

Job search assistance programs are part of active labor market policy in many countries. The main characteristics of these activities are an intensi ed counseling and a job search monitoring; in addition, several countries integrate courses teaching further skills into the programs. Job search assistance programs should help to increase the employment chances and to reduce the unemployment duration of the job seekers. In this paper, recent empirical ndings from evaluation studies for 9 European countries are reviewed and implications with regard to the e ectiveness of the activities are derived. To make the ndings of various studies evaluating the di erent programs comparable, the methodological issues of the empirical approaches applied to estimate the causal e ects of the programs are discussed in detail. In addition, relevant characteristics of the unemployment insurance systems, the assignment process, and the content of programs are presented to derive meaningful implications. The comparison of the programs takes account of individual e ects and, if available, cost bene t considerations. The results show that job search assistance programs tend to provide an e ective means to reduce individual unemployment, particularly if provided as combinations of intensive counseling and short-term training courses
Weather and Child Health in Rural Nigeria

The effect of weather shocks on children's anthropometrics is investigated using the two most recent rounds of the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. For this purpose, climate data for each survey cluster are interpolated using daily weather-station records from the national network. The findings reveal that rainfall shocks have a statistically significant and robust impact on child health in the short run for both weight-for-height and height-for-age, and the incidence of diarrhea. The impacts of weather shocks on health are of considerable magnitude; however, children seem to catch up with their cohort rapidly after experiencing a shock. The paper does not find any evidence of nonlinear impacts of weather variability on children's health, suggesting that a moderate increase in future rainfall variability is not likely to bring additional health costs. Finally, it appears that the impact of these shocks is the same for young boys and girls, which suggests that there is no gender-based discrimination in the allocation of resources within households.
Stone Pine Volatiles and Host Selection by Tomicus destruens (Wollaston) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytidae)

Mature adults of the pine shoot beetle Tomicus destruens reproduce in trunks of dying Mediterranean pines. However, there is no information about chemical stimuli governing host selection by T. destruens . The aims of this study were: 1) to identify volatiles released by the bark of stone pines ( Pinus pinea ) behaviorally and electrophysiologically active o n T. destruens ; 2) to verify which blends and concentrations of such volatiles act differently on males and females. A fourarm olfactometer was used to test b ehavior of walking adults of T. destruens in relation to various sources of volatiles, including bark, its collected volatiles and a synthetic blend. For each odor, the behavior of both males and females was recorded individually. Bark extracts were then analyzed by coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) and tested by gaschromatography coupled with electroa ntennography ( GCEAD ) on male and female antennae of T. destruens . In addition, a blend of synthetic compounds chosen from among those inducing EAD responses was tested in the olfactometer at five concentrations. Behavior and EAD responses were not affected by sex, with males and females showing similar results. Five compounds extracted from bark were active on T. destruens antennae: limonene, β� caryophyllene, α�pinene, β�myrcene, and α�terpinole ne. Among extracted volatiles, limonene and β�caryophyllene were known to be repellent to T. destruens , whereas attraction to a synthetic blend of α�pinene, β�myrcene and α�terpin olene was positively correlated with concentration, although a repellent effect was noted at the highest concentrations.
Type II supernovae as probes of environment metallicity: observations of host H II regions

Context. Spectral modelling of type II supernova atmospheres indicates a clear dependence of metal line strengths on progenitor metallicity. This dependence motivates further work to evaluate the accuracy with which these supernovae can be used as environment metallicity indicators. Aims. To assess this accuracy we present a sample of type II supernova host H ii-region spectroscopy, from which environment oxygen abundances have been derived. These environment abundances are compared to the observed strength of metal lines in supernova spectra. Methods. Combining our sample with measurements from the literature, we present oxygen abundances of 119 host H ii regions by extracting emission line fluxes and using abundance diagnostics. These abundances are then compared to equivalent widths of Fe ii 5018 A at various time and colour epochs. Results. Our distribution of inferred type II supernova host H ii-region abundances has a range of ~0.6 dex. We confirm the dearth of type II supernovae exploding at metallicities lower than those found (on average) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The equivalent width of Fe ii 5018 A at 50 days post-explosion shows a statistically significant correlation with host H ii-region oxygen abundance. The strength of this correlation increases if one excludes abundance measurements derived far from supernova explosion sites. The correlation significance also increases if we only analyse a “gold” IIP sample, and if a colour epoch is used in place of time. In addition, no evidence is found of a correlation between progenitor metallicity and supernova light-curve or spectral properties – except for that stated above with respect to Fe ii 5018 A equivalent widths – suggesting progenitor metallicity is not a driving factor in producing the diversity that is observed in our sample. Conclusions. This study provides observational evidence of the usefulness of type II supernovae as metallicity indicators. We finish with a discussion of the methodology needed to use supernova spectra as independent metallicity diagnostics throughout the Universe.
Individual phonological attrition in Albanian–English late bilinguals

The purpose of this study was to investigate phonological attrition in 10 native Albanian speakers who acquired Standard Southern British English (SSBE) as a second language (L2) in London, United Kingdom. A contrast was examined which is phonemic in Albanian but allophonic in SSBE, namely the production of light and dark lateral approximants. Impressionistic and acoustic analyses revealed that one late bilingual completely neutralized the phonemic contrast in her native Albanian speech. Furthermore, two other bilinguals neutralized the phonemic contrast between light /l/ and dark /ɫ/ in coda position, and overall there appeared to be a stronger trend for light /l/ to become dark in coda position than for dark /ɫ/ to become light in onset position. The findings are discussed in relation to the Speech Learning Model (Flege, 1995) and indicate that phonological attrition in native speech production is possible in late L2 acquisition, although not inevitable.
DETERMINATION OF LC50 OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE IN MARINE CATFISH ARIUS ARIUS

Cadmium (Cd) is serious pollutants in the aquatic environment. The present study was to determine the toxicity (LC50) of cadmium chloride in a marine Catfish Arius arius. Experimental fishes were collected from Chennai along the Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The fish’s average weights were measured (45g ± 5 g). The fishes were acclimatized in a water tank. Eight groups of experimental fish (containing 10 fishes in each group) were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium chloride i.e. 0, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 mg/L respectively and for a period of 96 hrs. The test water Cd concentrations were analyzed before treatments using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The physic-chemical parameter were analyzed in these test water like dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total hardness and alkalinity. As well as mortality rate of the fishes, were monitored daily. The 96 hrs LC50 value of cadmium cloride for A.arius was found to be 56.4 mg/L.