Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of different adjuvants and modes of application on efficacy of rimsulfuron in maize.

Field studies were conducted in order to investigate the efficacy of herbicide rimsulfuron in maize with three various commercial products (WG and OD formulations), in combination with three different nonionic adjuvants (Extravon, Trend 90 and Break-Thru S240). The investigation was carried out at two different locations during two years. The application of products in combination with adjuvants was done in one and two steps. The efficacy was evaluated on five weed species. The results demonstrated that the addition of any of the adjuvants improved the efficacy of rimsulfuron, but that there were no significant differences between products of different producers in the case of same or different formulation of rimsulfuron. Two different modes of application had no impact on efficacy.
Determinants of equity pension plan flows

The aim of this study is to analyze investor response to different measures of pension plan performance. To do this, we implement a fixed effects panel data methodology corrected by heteroskedasticity, serial correlation and cross-sectional dependence, as proposed by Vogelsang (2012). The results obtained show that investors make their decision to invest in a specific pension plan depending on past returns and the type of management company administering the plan. On analyzing the flow-performance relationship for each type of management company we find that both types of companies can differ in the information provided to investors and in their marketing strategies and services for attracting clients.
An Assessment of ICT Competencies of Public School Teachers: Basis for Community Extension Program

This study aimed to assess the level of ICT competencies of public school teachers at San Jose Central Elementary School, Division of Tacloban City, Philippines. Descriptive survey method was used which involved a questionnaire, interviews, and observations. Sixty-two (62) teachers served as respondents. Results showed that most of the teachers have a basic knowledge on ICT and needs improvement. More trainings is hereby needed to the teachers for them to integrate ICT in teaching and other related task assigned to them so as to uplift and enhance the quality of education of the said elementary public school.
Is the Party Over? The Court and the Political Process

This article identifies and analyzes five features of political parties that make them among the most complex and dynamic of any political institution and therefore among the most difficult for the judiciary to assess. Political parties are dynamic, complex, and endogenous; thus, their structure is determined in large part by the rules governing them. Judicial decisions that establish the structure of parties are problematic because courts constitutionalize the policy choices they make, even though those choices are not necessarily compelled by the Constitution. Such constitutionalization is unjustified because the dynamic characteristics of political parties that make them such a challenge to regulate also afford substantial political protection to both major and minor parties against encroachments on their autonomy. The article therefore argues that the general presumption in favor of judicial review should be jettisoned in the context of laws regulating political parties, and the opposite presumption adopted with nearly conclusive force. The article provides three objective "red flags" for courts to use to distinguish the very few cases in which judicial intervention is warranted from the vast majority of cases in which courts should decline to become involved.
Fine-structure electron-impact excitation of Ne+ and Ne2 + for low-temperature astrophysical plasmas

Collision strengths for electron-impact of fine-structure level excitation within the ground term of Ne$^{+}$ and Ne$^{2+}$ are calculated using the Breit-Pauli, Intermediate Coupling Frame Transformation, and DARC $R$-matrix methods. Maxwellian-averaged effective collision strengths and excitation rate coefficient qij are presented for each. The application of the current calculations is to very low temperature astrophysical plasmas, thus we examine the sensitivity of the effective collision strengths down to 10 K. The use of the various theoretical methods allows us to place estimated uncertainties on the recommended effective collision strengths. We also investigate the sensitivity of the collision strengths to the resonance positions and underlying atomic structure. Good agreement is found with previous R-matrix calculations at higher temperature.
Influence of Process Parameters on Electrical Discharge Machined Job Surface Integrity

Problem statement: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is the most widely used non conventional machining process for removing material from workpiece by means of a series of repeated electric discharges. Electrical Discharge milling (ED-milling) is an emerging technology where a cylindrical tool electrode follows a programmed path in order to obtain the desired shape of a part. During machining of metals by EDM process, a large amount of heat is generated for which the surface characteristics of the metals are affected. This phenomenon is unavoidable but this can be controlled by suitable selection of the process parameters. Though in most of the cases only electrical parameters are chosen but non electrical parameters also play significant role in the area of surface integrity of the machined surface. The present study emphasized to establish a comprehensive analysis of surface integrity, including the micro cracks, recast layer thickness and material migration by combining both electrical and non electrical process parameters under a wide range of machining condition. Approach: In this research, experiment was designed by using design expert software (DOE). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for designing the experiment. The process parameters varied in the present study were the rotational speed of the electrode (N), Voltage (V) and feed rate (f). Stainless steel AISI 304 was chosen as work material while a copper electrode was used for EDM milling operation. The EDM milling operations were performed on EDM machine mikrotools integrated multi process machine tools DT 110. In this research, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the effect of machining parameters on recast layer thickness, micro cracks on the machined surface as well as the percentage of material migration on the workpiece surface. Results: Electrode rotation reduces recast layer thickness of about 16.58% than that of stationary electrode with same voltage and feed rate. Moreover, it was observed that migration of C and Cu on the workpiece surface reduces 8.8 and 60% respectively when using rotary electrode instead of stationary electrode with same parameters setting. Conclusion: These results indicated that voltage and rotary speed of electrode significantly affect various criteria of surface integrity. Electrode rotation helped to reduce micro cracks, recast layer thickness as well as migration of material became less when rotary electrode is used. Besides, the combination of reasonably low voltage and high rpm reduced micro cracks, recast layer thickness and minimized the surface contamination on workpiece surface during EDM milling of stainless steel.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Media as A Marketing Tool in The Hotel Sector: A Case Study on Four and Five Star Hotels in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

The power of social media has been increased over the last few years. Social media is a new approach that can be used in hotel marketing to shape customer’s purchasing behaviour. It can enhance more benefits and advantages to hotels that cannot be achieved via using traditional marketing tools. This research aims to explore hotels’ use of social media and assess its effectiveness as a marketing tool in the hotel sector in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from the field using multiple research methods. A questionnaire survey was developed and sum of 35 questionnaire forms were distributed on marketing managers in four and five star hotels in Makkah. 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with those hotel marketing executives. Finally, content analysis was carried out to explore and assess hotels’ social networking sites. The results of this research revealed that hotels’ utilization of social networking sites in marketing was still very modest. It was built upon updating hotel status and promoting hotel events and offers. A few hotels particularly those related to international hotel companies have made an effective use of social media channels believing that it is an effective way to communicate and build relationships with customers and a medium that can help hotels know about customer comments and queries. This research concludes that it is necessary for hotels to add social media to their marketing mix. Social media would have significant impact on hotel marketing and provide competitive opportunities for hotels to improve marketing activities.
Web‐shoppers and non‐shoppers: compatibility, relative advantage and demographics

This study investigated differences between Web‐shoppers and non‐shoppers, in terms of compatibility, relative advantage and demographics. Stepwise discriminant analysis was applied on a sample of 165 personally interviewed consumers, which showed that compatibility and relative advantage were overall successful, whereas, demographics were unsuccessful, in distinguishing Web‐shoppers from non‐shoppers. Significant variables included three factors of compatibility (use of direct shopping; use of Web browsing activities at home; and use of Web browsing activities at the office), and two factors of relative advantage (motives; and impediments). Managerial implications for targeting prospective Web‐shoppers and designing better‐grounded consumer Web‐marketing strategies are also discussed, together with study limitations and directions for future research.
The Impact of Computer-Assisted Language Learning Applications on Incidental Vocabulary Recall and Retention

This study reports on an investigation into the effect of Computer Assisted Vocabulary Learning (CAVL) on fostering the incidental vocabulary gain of 62 pre-intermediate teenage learners of English studying in a language institute in Iran. These participants were randomly assigned to CAVL and traditional teacher-led groups. Additionally, the two groups’ perceptions towards Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) were surveyed and compared. A multimedia application integrating contextual cues, frequency of occurrence, dictionary definitions, and textual and audio annotations, was developed uniquely for the purposes of this experimental research. In order to measure and compare the vocabulary recall and retention of the two groups, a pretest-posttest research design was utilized. The results of the immediate posttest demonstrated that the students in the CAVL group significantly outperformed those of the non-CAVL group, confirming superior recall of the new words. Although the latter groups’ scores on the delayed posttest were also higher than the former groups’ scores, in comparison to the immediate posttest, a considerable decrease in the CAVL groups’ vocabulary retention was observed. Moreover, even though both groups perceived CAL as an effective method of learning, the perceptions of the participants in the CAVL group were more positive toward CALL.
Management and conservation of the kelp species Laminaria digitata : using genetic tools to explore the potential exporting role of the MPA “Parc naturel marin d’Iroise”

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been depicted as a useful tool for improving fishery manage- ment and protecting biodiversity. For example, by acting as source populations, MPAs may provide a spillover of adults/propagules, enhancing recruitment to surrounding, non-protected waters. However, such positive effect will de- pend on how a MPAs design matches population biology and dispersal abilities of the target species. High levels of intraspecific genetic diversity without pronounced structure have been found in many marine organisms over large spa- tial scales (from hundreds to thousands kilometres) but do not hold for other ecologically and economically important species such as coral reef fishes, seagrasses and kelps. In particular, the limited potential for dispersal of many macroal- gae suggests the occurrence of self-sustaining, "closed" populations that contrast with the "open" populations of many fishes and invertebrates. Consequently, the high resilience of fish/invertebrate populations cannot be generalized to the whole marine realm. In the present work, we use genetic tools to explore the role of the MPA Parc naturel marin d'Iroise in the management of the emblematic kelp Laminaria digitata. While kelps have received much more scientific attention than any other seaweed group, there is still critical baseline knowledge which needs to be addressed for their effective management. Our genetic survey of 12 L. digitata populations along the Brittany coast, four of them located within the boundaries of the Parc naturel marin d'Iroise, allowed us to assess the conservation value of these kelp populations. In particular, classical genetic metrics as well as more recent clustering approaches were used to identify and characterize Management Units. Moreover, assignment tests were employed to determine contemporary migration events and source/sink populations. Our results show that populations within this MPA have high conservation value. However, we also identify other populations of conservation interest.
A study on effects of organizational learning on organizational innovation: A case study of insurance industry

Article history: Received October 28, 2013 Received in revised format 25 November 2013 Accepted 19 January 2014 Available online January 21 2014 This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the relationship between organization learning and organization innovation in one of Iranian insurance firm. The proposed study selects a sample of 300 employees who work for different positions for the case study of this paper and using Pearson correlation as well as Freedman tests determines the relationship and ranks different components of the survey. The results of this implementation have indicated that organization innovation influences on organizational learning, data distribution, interpretation and memory significantly but the effect of organizational innovation on data collection cannot be confirmed when the level of significance is five or even ten percent. The implementation of Freedman test has also indicated that Information interpretation is number priority followed by information learning, organizational distribution and organizational memory.
Studies on the Effects of Substituting Soya Bean Meal (SBM) with Blood Meal (BM) on External Eostrus Signs and Hormonal Profile of Gilts

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects on external eostrus signs and hormonal profile of pigs reared with feed formulated by subtitling soya bean meal (SBM) with blood meal (BM). Blood, used to formulate the experimental diets was collected from apparently healthy cattle at slaughter, boiled and sun dried. Thereafter, the BM was used to formulate four grower pig diets: A, B, C and D, containing 50.0, 75.0, 100.0 and 0.0% (control) SBM as replacement for BM. Following feed formulation, 16 Landrace×Large White crossbred weanling pigs were selected and used for the study. They were aged 6.0 to 6.5 weeks, with average body weight of 12.24 kg. The pigs were randomly allotted to the 4 treatment groups, each of which was further divided into two; with 2 pigs as replicate. Individual animal was maintained on experimental diet that was equivalent to 5.0% of its average body weight as ration from beginning to the end of study. At their 6.5 months of age, the gilts were observed two times daily for symptoms of eostrus. Following the manifestation of eostrus signs, scoring for the vulva changes was carried out and values obtained were compared between treatment groups at first, second and third eostrus cycles, respectively. Similarly on their forth eostrus cycle, the gilts were bled every 30 min for 6 hours and sera obtained was used to determine their hormonal profile. Hormone assay was done by ELISA technique. Results showed no dietary treatment affected most of the parameters investigated within the study period. Thus, age at puberty, duration of standing reflex, intensity of reddening, and swelling of the vulva and eostrus cycle length showed no significant (P>0.05) variation, when compared to the control. The study showed that while the duration of standing reflex increased, intensity and duration of reddening and swelling of vulva rather decreased with eostrus cycle number. The hormonal assay showed that estradiol-17β levels of groups A, B and C were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group D animals. BM inclusion had no significant effect on Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating Hormonal profile of the gilts, but their pulsatile release at the 3rd and 6th hours was evident. It is concluded that inclusion of BM in formulating pig diets under tropical humid conditions is safe. It does not interfere with some key reproductive parameters in gilts, such as their age at puberty, manifestation of eostrus signs and reproductive hormonal profile.
The Effect of EFL Teachers’ Extrovert and Introvert Personality on Their Instructional Immediacy

The Language teaching is a complex process influenced by many psychological factors such as personality traits (Tonelson, 1981) and socio-communicative styles (Thomas. Et al. 1994). This research sets out to investigate the effect of Teachers' Introvert and Extrovert personality on their instructional Immediacy. In order to address this issue, a study was conducted on 14 PhD holder university EFL lecturers from Guilan province. Instruments for this research included preliminary Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI) Test, non-verbal immediacy scale, along with verbal immediacy scale observation inventory. After determining the lecturers' Introvert/Extrovert personality, at the next stage, six sessions of direct observation of each lecturer's classroom instructional immediacy were conducted. Statistical analysis of Fisher's exact test between data along with Pearson's correlation was run to determine the relationship between teacher's extrovert personality and their use of verbal immediacy; the results indicate strong, positive correlation (r=.7, p<. 03). Similarly, a strong, positive correlation was found between extrovert personality and use of non-verbal immediacy (r=.75, p<. 01). The other finding of the study was that instructors’ gender showed no significant relation with their verbal and nonverbal instructional immediacy.
Job Performance, Job Satisfaction and Human Capital in the Labour Market in Bosnia

The paper analyses the effect of job performance, job satisfaction and human capital. It shows that together with monetary factors, such factors as the perception of the social importance of the job, the ability to meet good friends in the team, and the atmosphere within which the respondents work, may also have a high level of impact on labour supply through human capital. The paper demonstrates the power of non-monetary factors in achieving improvements in the context of the ‘job performance-job satisfaction-human capital’ chain, thus bringing about positive changes in labour market supply in Bosnia.
Evidence from Canadian Industries

ABOUR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ACCELERATED in the Canadian business sector after 1995. Our analysis shows that the rise in multi-factor productivity (MFP) growth was the main contributing factor. Information technologies (IT) made little direct contribution to the labour productivity growth revival through capital deepening. However, our results show that IT use is linked to the MFP growth acceleration through IT-induced organizational innovation and network or spillover effects. Our results also show that the industries with larger shares of knowledge workers are more likely to benefit from IT. There is some evidence to suggest that manufacturing industries that are more open to international trade have larger productivity gains from IT. L
Production ecology of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows in Nueva Tabarca Marine Reserve: Growth, biomass and nutrient stocks along a bathymetric gradient

The effects of the interaction between depth and nutrients on the primary production of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in a meadow off Nueva Tabarca island (E Spain) were investigated by assessing C, N and P concentration in the plant, the resource allocation of the different nutrients and the response of the plant to nutrient additions along a bathymetric gradient (1-24 m). The results point to a nutrient limitation in the shallow zone (1- 5 m). The N and P concentrations were low (0.7-1.8 %N; 0.05-0.1%P relative to dry weight) and the N/P atomic ratio high (30-40). Clear tissue enrichment was found after both N and P addition, with lowering of the N/P ratio (to values of 25 by atoms). However, such a possible limitation was not supported by an increment in leaf growth after nutrient addition, although some of the growth features were modified (e.g., relative growth contribution of different leaves to total shoot growth). In a plant with a complex growth mechanism such as Posidonia oceanica, a short-term nutrient addition (1 month) do not suffice to induce a significant growth response. Thus, we conclude that P. oceanica growth off Nueva Tabarca island is probably nutrient limited in shallow areas (1-5 m) in early summer, and that this limitation is due to different concurrent factors: general oligotrophy of the area, massive leaf litter export and leaf losses due to both hydrodynamism and grazing.
Phytotoxicity of Cadmium on Seed Germination, Early Growth, Proline and Carbohydrate Content in Two Wheat Verities

Human activities all over the earth have increased environmental pollution by heavy metals in agricultural soil. The present study was designed to examine the toxicological effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) on the germination, early-growth parameters, and accumulation of Proline and carbohydrates in two wheat varieties, namely Roshan and Omid. Seeds of these plants were exposed to five different concentrations of Cd in an increasing fashion (5, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mg L -1 of Cadmium Chloride). The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination percentage, mean germination time, seedling dry weight, root length and shoot height, all decreased along with increasing the Cd concentrations. Cd-treated seedlings, on the contrary, showed an increase in Proline and carbohydrate when compared to control. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Proline and carbohydrates were observed through the treatments and between the two varieties. In the two varieties, Roshan was found to be more resistant to Cd phytotoxicity. The sensitivity of wheat early-growth to the toxicity of the Cd contamination was in the following sequence: root elongation > shoot elongation > germination.
RESOLVING APPARENT INCONSISTENCIES IN EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON CANCER AND AUTO-IMMUNITY

Experimental and statistical results on the impact of electromagnetic waves on cancer and auto-immune diseases are reviewed and their consistency with a previously published model is discussed. Experimental results on cancer are classified in three groups according to timing and bandwidth of exposure, with each of the groups yielding different results consistent with the model. Experimental results on auto-immunity are interpreted within the same frameworks as results on cancer. Statistical observations on exposure of the human population to temporary emissions from mobile phones and to permanent emissions from TV emitters or mobile telephony base stations are classified and shown to be consistent both with the model and with the experimental results.