Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow and CO2 Reactivity after Controlled Cortical Impact by Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Arterial Spin-Labeling in Rats

We measured CBF and CO2 reactivity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) produced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spin-labeled carotid artery water protons as an endogenous tracer. Fourteen Sprague-Dawley rats divided into TBI (CCI; 4.02 ± 0.14 m/s velocity; 2.5 mm deformation), sham, and control groups were studied 24 hours after TBI or surgery. Perfusion maps were generated during normocarbia (Paco2 30 to 40 mm Hg) and hypocarbia (Paco2 15 to 25 mm Hg). During normocarbia, CBF was reduced within a cortical region of interest (ROI, injured versus contralateral) after TBI (200 ± 82 versus 296 ± 65 mL · 100 g−1 · min−1, P < 0.05). Within a contusion-enriched ROI, CBF was reduced after TBI (142 ± 73 versus 280 ± 64 mL · 100 g−1 · min−1P < 0.05). Cerebral blood flow in the sham group was modestly reduced (212 ± 112 versus 262 ± 118 mL · 100 g−1 · min−1, P < 0.05). Also, TBI widened the distribution of CBF in injured and contralateral cortex. Hypocarbia reduced cortical CBF in control (48%), sham (45%), and TBI rats (48%) versus normocarbia, P < 0.05. In the contusion-enriched ROI, only controls showed a significant reduction in CBF, suggesting blunted CO2 reactivity in the sham and TBI group. CO2 reactivity was reduced in the sham (13%) and TBI (30%) groups within the cortical ROI (versus contralateral cortex). These values were increased twofold within the contusion-enriched ROI but were not statistically significant. After TBI, hypocarbia narrowed the CBF distribution in the injured cortex. We conclude that perfusion MRI using arterial spin-labeling is feasible for the serial, noninvasive measurement of CBF and CO2 reactivity in rats.
Cluster homology: An overview of the construction and results

We associate, to a Lagrangian submanifold L of a symplectic manifold, a new homology, called the cluster homology of L, which is invariant up to ambient symplectic diffeomorphisms. We discuss various applications concerning analytical, topological, and dynamical properties of Lagrangian submanifolds. We also deduce a new universal Floer homology, defined without obstruction, for pairs of Lagrangian submanifolds.
Comprehensive quantification of herpes simplex virus latency at the single-cell level

To date, characterization of latently infected tissue with respect to the number of cells in the tissue harboring the viral genome and the number of viral genomes contained within individual latently infected cells has not been possible. This level of cellular quantification is a critical step in determining (i) viral or host cell factors which function in the establishment and maintenance of latency, (ii) the relationship between latency burden and reactivation, and (iii) the effectiveness of vaccines or antivirals in reducing or preventing the establishment of latent infections. Presented here is a novel approach for the quantitative analysis of nucleic acids within the individual cells comprising complex solid tissues. One unique feature is that the analysis reflects the nucleic acids within the individual cells as they were in the context of the intact tissue-hence the name CXA, for contextual analysis. Trigeminal ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) were analyzed by CXA of viral DNA. Both the type and the number of cells harboring the viral genome as well as the number of viral genomes within the individual latently infected cells were determined. Here it is demonstrated that (i) the long-term repository of HSV-1 DNA in the ganglion is the neuron, (ii) the viral-genome copy number within individual latently infected neurons is variable, ranging over 3 orders of magnitude from <10 to >1,000, (iii) there is a direct correlation between increasing viral input titer and the number of neurons in which latency is established in the ganglion, (iv) increasing viral input titer results in more neurons with greater numbers of viral-genome copies, (v) treatment with acyclovir (ACV) during acute infection reduces the number of latently infected ganglionic neurons 20-fold, and (vi) ACV treatment results in uniformly low (<10)-copy-number latency. This report represents the first comprehensive quantification of HSV latency at the level of single cells. Beyond viral latency, CXA has the potential to advance many studies in which rare cellular events occur in the background of a complex solid tissue mass, including microbial pathogenesis, tumorigenesis, and analysis of gene transfer.
Organizing corruption controls after a scandal : Regaining legitimacy in complex and changing institutional environments

We study the corruption control strategies at three Multinational Companies (MNC) before, during, and after the disclosure of corruption scandals and the initiation of legal procedures. In particular, we want to explore why some MNCs after a corruption scandal exceed regulatory expectations, choose proactive strategies, and influence their environment as institutional entrepreneurs that define best practices and new industry standards. Other companies, by contrast, act in a more incremental and self-referred way. We build on the concept of legitimacy in institutional theory, distinguish four strategies to regain legitimacy: decoupling, isomorphic adaptation, moral reasoning, and substantial influence, and explain the choice and sequence of these strategies. While all three case firms managed to (eventually) adapt to the compliance requirements imposed by external regulatory authorities, we found that only very distinct constellations of scandal and reintegration process characteristics, such as the presence of a strong legitimacy shock and the necessity to react both radically and instantly, forces the company into the role of an institutional entrepreneur. In cases where such legitimacy shocks are lacking, companies have more time to react and hence rather choose to gradually adapt their organizational processes to regulatory expectations. Rather than acting as institutional entrepreneurs, these companies rely almost exclusively on participating in moral reasoning activities to safeguard their new anti-corruption strategy. However, if change processes occur rather reluctantly after the disclosure of a big scandal, we found that externally imposed monitors may exercise severe pressure forcing the transgressor to eventually install a leading set of corruption controls.
PERBEDAAN KARAKTERISTIK USIA, ASUPAN MAKANAN, AKTIVITAS FISIK, TINGKAT SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI PADA WANITA DEWASA DENGAN KELEBIHAN BERAT BADAN ANTARA DI DESA DAN KOTA

Latar Belakang : Kejadian obesitas mengalami pergeseran tidak hanya terjadi di perkotaan (18,7%), namun juga di pedesaan (12%). Adanya pergeseran demografi menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik penyebab terjadinya obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik usia, asupan makanan, aktivitas fisik, tingkat sosial ekonomi dan pengetahuan gizi pada wanita dewasa dengan kelebihan berat badan antara di desa dan kota. Metode : Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross - sectional dengan consecutive sampling . Jumlah sampel masing-masing kelompok 30 orang meliputi wanita dengan kelebihan berat badan dengan IMT >25,0 kg/m 2 . Data meliputi karakteristik subjek, asupan makanan, aktivitas fisik, tingkat sosial ekonomi dan pengetahuan gizi yang diperoleh dari kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan Independent t-Test dan Mann Whitney. Hasil : Prevalensi obesitas di kota lebih tinggi daripada di desa. Wanita dengan kelebihan berat badan di desa dan kota sebagian besar berusia 30–40 tahun, namun proporsinya lebih tinggi di desa dibandingkan di kota. Rerata asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak di kota lebih tinggi dibandingkan di desa. Sedangkan rerata asupan serat di desa lebih tinggi dibandingkan di kota. Aktivitas fisik di desa lebih tinggi dibandingkan di kota. Pendapatan, pendidikan dan pengetahuan gizi di kota lebih tinggi dibandingkan di desa. Kesimpulan : Kejadian obesitas di kota lebih tinggi daripada di desa. Ditemukan perbedaan karakteristik pada wanita dengan kelebihan berat badan antara di desa dan kota meliptui usia, asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat, aktivitas fisik, pendapatan, pendidikan dan pengetahuan gizi.
Modulation of Hyaluronan Synthesis by the Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are considered a good source for cellular therapy in cartilage repair. But, their potential to repair the extracellular matrix, in an osteoarthritic environment, is still controversial. In osteoarthritis (OA), anti-inflammatory action and extracellular matrix production are important steps for cartilage healing. This study examined the interaction of BM-MSC and OA-chondrocyte on the production of hyaluronan and inflammatory cytokines in a Transwell system. We compared cocultured BM-MSCs and OA-chondrocytes with the individually cultured controls (monocultures). There was a decrease in BM-MSCs cell count in coculture with OA-chondrocytes when compared to BM-MSCs alone. In monoculture, BM-MSCs produced higher amounts of hyaluronan than OA-chondrocytes and coculture of BM-MSCs with OA-chondrocytes increased hyaluronan production per cell. Hyaluronan synthase-1 mRNA expression was upregulated in BM-MSCs after coculture with OA-chondrocytes, whereas hyaluronidase-1 was downregulated. After coculture, lower IL-6 levels were detected in BM-MSCs compared with OA-chondrocytes. These results indicate that, in response to coculture with OA-chondrocytes, BM-MSCs change their behavior by increasing production of hyaluronan and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. Our results indicate that BM-MSCs per se could be a potential tool for OA regenerative therapy, exerting short-term effects on the local microenvironment even when cell:cell contact is not occurring.
A stable adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control for affine nonlinear systems with application to four-bar linkage systems

In this paper, a stable adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control for affine highly nonlinear systems is developed. First, the external part of a transformed system via a feedback linearizing control evolves a linear dynamic system with uncertainties. A reference model with the desired amplitude and phase properties is given to obtain an error model. Since the uncertainties are assumed to be large, a fuzzy model is employed to model these uncertainties. A learning law with e-modification for the weight of a fuzzy model is considered to ensure the boundedness of learning weight without the requirement of persistent excitation condition. Then, an equivalent control using the known part of system dynamics and the learning fuzzy model is designed to achieve the desired control behavior. Furthermore, the uncertainties caused by the approximation of fuzzy model and the error of learning weight are tackled by a switching control. Finally, the stability of the overall system is verified by the Lyapunov theory. Simulations and experiments of the velocity control of a four-bar-linkage system are presented to verify the usefulness of the proposed control.
Paraneoplastic Neurodegeneration in a Murine Host following Progressive Growth of a Spontaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Role of Proinflammatory Internal Responses

Objective(s): In the present study, the mechanism of paraneoplastic neurodegeneration associated with progressive in vivo growth of a T-cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin has been investigated. Methods: Histologically, the brain was investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining of brain sections. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of cytokines and other proteins. Macrophage-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was estimated by immunoassays. Induction of apoptosis in brain and tumor cells was determined by percent specific DNA fragmentation. Results: Tumor growth was associated with the development of multiple lesions in various regions of the brain along with alterations in the structure and alignment of Purkinje cells, and an increase in the water content in the brain. Brain extract and serum of tumor-bearing mice showed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Induction of apoptosis is suggested to be the cause underlying the loss of cellularity of tumor-bearing hosts in the brain owing to an augmentation in the induction of the caspase-dependent pathway of programmed cell death. Further, the study presents investigations to show the role of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF, interferon-γ and alkaline phosphatase in the manifestation of paraneoplastic neurodegeneration. Conclusions: Growth of a T-cell lymphoma is associated with the manifestation of neurodegeneration caused by soluble proinflammatory factors of tumor and/or host origin.
Gain scheduling dynamic linear controllers for a nonlinear plant

For a general type of nonlinear tracking problem, the authors consider gain scheduling based on a family of linear dynamic controller designs for a family of plant linearizations about constant operating points. Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of gain scheduled controllers satisfying appropriate requirements are presented. Using these conditions, the impact of linear controller configuration on existence of a gain scheduled controller is discussed. <<ETX>>
Prognostic Implication of Appropriateness Criteria for Pharmacologic Stress Echocardiography Performed in an Outpatient Clinic

Background— Although appropriateness criteria for stress echocardiography have been developed to deliver high-quality care, the prognostic impact of these criteria remains undefined. Therefore, we sought to assess the prognostic implication of the American College of Cardiology/American Society of Echocardiography appropriateness criteria for pharmacological stress echo in a cohort of ambulatory patients. Methods and Results— The study population consisted of 1552 ambulatory patients who underwent pharmacological (752 dobutamine, 800 dipyridamole) stress echo for the evaluation of known (n=549) or suspected (n=1003) coronary artery disease at a single cardiology center. Patients were followed up for a median of 36 months. Indications were determined for consecutive studies by 2 reviewers and categorized as follows: 984 (63%) patients had appropriate, 145 (9%) uncertain, and 423 (27%) inappropriate indication for stress echo. Ischemia was present in 15% of patients with appropriate, 8% of those with uncertain, and 5% of those with inappropriate indication (P<0.0001). During follow-up, 146 events (89 deaths, 57 nonfatal infarctions) occurred. Annual event rate associated with appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate study was 3.1%, 3.8%, and 1.3%, respectively. The abnormal test result in patients with appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate study was associated with 5.0%, 5.6%, and 1.8% annual event rate, respectively, exerting an independent value only in the appropriate and uncertain subset. Conclusions— Inappropriate indication for pharmacological stress echo is common, being documented in about 1 of 4 patients evaluated in an ambulatory setting, and is associated with lower rate of positive results and better survival as compared with appropriate and uncertain indication.
Identification and quantification of biomarkers to confirm the poisoning by Ginkgo biloba seeds in a 2-year-old boy

The seeds of Ginkgo biloba are commonly eaten in Japan, Korea and China, but it is important to know that they can be responsible for poisoning, especially in young children. Poisoning due to Ginkgo biloba seeds must also be considered as a possible clinical event in European countries, where Asian cuisine has recently become popular. This paper reports the case of a 23-months-old previously healthy male child who experienced two afebrile tonic-clonic seizures after the consumption of an unknown amount of Ginkgo seeds. The poisoning was identified by searching both in blood and urine for 4′-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) as a specific biomarker for ginkgo poisoning, using an optimized and validated HPLC method with fluorimetric detection. The MPN concentrations in serum were 16.5 and 6.2 ng mL−1 14 and 20 hours after the exposure, respectively, while the urine concentration was below the limit of detection (1.35 ng mL−1). The involvement of ginkgo seeds in the described poisoning was confirmed by searching ginkgolide terpene lactones in urine, where the ratio between excreted ginkgolide A : B : C was 1 : 40 : 2. The analytical data obtained by looking for biomarkers in serum and urine demonstrate that even low values of MPN/ginkgolide concentration can be responsible for convulsions and other adverse effects.
Conformational and configurational disorder in 6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-8(5H)-one and 6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-8-one: a hydrogen-bonded chain of rings and pi-stacked hydrogen-bonded chains.

In 6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-8(5H)-one, C(19)H(19)NO(6), (I), the six-membered heterocyclic ring adopts a conformation intermediate between envelope and half-chair forms; it is disordered over two enantiomeric configurations, with occupancies of 0.879 (3) and 0.121 (3), leading to positional disorder of the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl unit. In 6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-8-one, C(17)H(13)NO(5), (II), the molecules are similarly disordered, with occupancies of 0.866 (4) and 0.134 (4). The molecules in (I) are linked by one three-centre N-H. (O)(2) hydrogen bond and one two-centre C-H.O hydrogen bond to form a complex chain of rings whose formation is reinforced by two independent aromatic pi-pi stacking interactions. In (II), a single N-H.O hydrogen bond links the molecules into a simple chain, and pairs of chains are linked by a single aromatic pi-pi stacking interaction.
Napsin A, a new marker for lung adenocarcinoma, is complementary and more sensitive and specific than thyroid transcription factor 1 in the differential diagnosis of primary pulmonary carcinoma: evaluation of 1674 cases by tissue microarray.

CONTEXT Differentiation of non-small cell carcinoma into histologic types is important because of new, successful therapies that target lung adenocarcinoma (ACA). TTF-1 is a favored marker for lung ACA but has limited sensitivity and specificity. Napsin A (Nap-A) is a functional aspartic proteinase that may be an alternative marker for primary lung ACA. OBJECTIVES To compare Nap-A versus TTF-1 in the typing of primary lung carcinoma and the differentiation of primary lung ACA from carcinomas of other sites. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry for Nap-A and TTF-1 was performed on tissue microarrays of 1674 cases of carcinoma: 303 primary lung ACAs (18.1%), 200 primary squamous cell lung carcinomas (11.9%), 52 primary small cell carcinomas of the lung (3.1%), and carcinomas of the kidney (n = 320; 19.1%), thyroid (n = 96; 5.7%), biliary (n = 89; 5.3%), bladder (n = 47; 2.8%), breast (n = 93; 5.6%), colon (n = 95; 5.7%), liver (n = 96; 5.7%), ovaries (n = 45; 2.7%), pancreas (n = 48; 2.9%), prostate (n = 49; 2.9%), stomach (n = 93; 5.6%), and uterus (n = 48; 2.9%). Cases were evaluated against a negative control as negative, weak positive, and strong positive. RESULTS Nap-A was more sensitive than TTF-1 for primary lung ACA (87% versus 64%; P < .001). Nap-A was more specific than TTF-1 for primary lung ACA versus all tumors, excluding kidney, independent of tumor type (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Nap-A is superior to TTF-1 in distinguishing primary lung ACA from other carcinomas (except kidney), particularly primary lung small cell carcinoma, and primary thyroid carcinoma. A combination of Nap-A and TTF-1 is useful in the distinction of primary lung ACA (Nap-A(+), TTF-1(+)) from primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (Nap-A(-), TTF-1(-)) and primary lung small cell carcinoma (Nap-A(-), TTF-1(+)).
THE QUANTUM YIELD OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION IN PURPLE BACTERIA

1. The effect of H2 tension, CO2 tension, pH, time, light intensity, density of suspension, salt content of the medium, and certain spectral regions on the rate of photoassimilation of H2 and CO2 by Streptococcus varians has been studied. 2. The method of making light absorption measurements with thin suspensions of bacteria is described. 3. A light source, optical system, and filter for isolating 852 mµ with 894 mµ in sufficient intensity for photochemical work and an improved design of thermostat are given. 4. The photoassimilation of 2H2 with 1CO2 apparently involves little over all energy change but nevertheless requires 4 quanta.
Cooperative wideband spectrum sensing in suspicious cognitive radio network

This study presents a cooperative wideband spectrum-sensing technique based on the entropy of the received signal in the frequency domain. To enhance the efficiency of detection, multiple suspicious cognitive users are excluded from the network using generalised extreme studentised deviate test and sigma limit test. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the energy detection technique under different channel environments. The simulation results demonstrate that the entropy detection method, with excluded suspicious users, has 9 dB improvement in performance compared to the energy detection technique in extremely low signal-to-noise ratio regime. This is a significant improvement for cognitive radio systems. The simulations were performed with false alarm probability and detection probability of 0.01 and 0.9, respectively. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the proposed algorithm is further carried out in the Xilinx Virtex-4 Field Programmable Gate Array.
ÖZ-DÜZENLEME STRATEJİLERİ VE MOTİVASYONEL İNANÇLARININ YORDAYICISI OLARAK ALGILANAN ANNE BABA TUTUMLARI

Arastirmanin temel amaci, algilanan anne baba tutumlarinin ogrencilerin oz-duzenleme stratejileri ve motivasyonel inanclarini yordama gucunu incelemektir. Arastirmada Yilmaz (2000) tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanan, “Anne Baba Tutum Olcegi” ile Uredi (2005) tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanan “Ogrenmeye Iliskin Motivasyonel Stratejiler Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Olcekler Istanbul’da orta sosyo-ekonomik duzeyde bir ilkogretim okulunda 350, 8. sinif ogrencisine uygulanmistir. Bulgular, algilanan anne baba tutumlarinin butun boyutlarinin sinav kaygisi haricindeki motivasyonel inanclarin ve oz-duzenleme stratejilerinin anlamli bir yordayicisi oldugunu gostermis, en buyuk payin kabul/ilgi boyutuna ait oldugunu ortaya koymustur. Sinav kaygisinda ise algilanan anne baba tutumlarinin yalnizca psikolojik ozerklik boyutunun anlamli bir yordayici oldugu belirlenmistir.