Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Lexical Glossing Types on Reading and Listening Skills of Iranian EFL Learners

Knowing what factors influence, positively or negatively, the reading and listening ability of language learners is of crucial importance. Amid these factors the type of glossing can be named which number of studies on it, especially in our country, Iran is rare. The present study, therefore, aimed at investigating the lexical glossing impact on such skills as reading and listening comprehension of a group of Iranian EFL learners. To put it clearly, the study is, in fact, an attempt to ascertain if L1 or L2 lexical glossing may make any difference in their effectiveness on L2 reading and listening comprehension processes. To achieve the intended purpose, 60 female students learning English as a foreign language in an English language school in Isfahan, Iran were randomly selected and were grouped into two intact classes. They were required to take two TOEFL tests: one as a pretest to ensure their homogeneity concerning language proficiency, and one to specify the impact of glossing on their listening and reading comprehension, respectively. Conducting a one-way analysis of variance (MANOVA) and two independent sample t tests, the study revealed that first, there was a significant difference between the two groups receiving Persian and English glosses. Besides, the study indicated that the class receiving native language gloss (i.e., Persian lexical gloss) outperformed compared with the class getting the second language gloss (i.e., English gloss) in both reading and listening comprehension although this effect was more on the former than the latter one. The study may have some pedagogical implications in the realm of L2 research that the present researchers will point out throughout the paper.
Some physical properties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seed

2, the sphericity from 0.807 to 0.821 and the terminal velocity from 6.10 to 6.58 m s -1 . The static coefficient of friction of spinach seed increased linearly against surfaces of four structural materials, namely, rubber (0.341 to 0.470), wood (0.318 to 0.391), stainless steel (0.271 to 0.364) and galvanised iron (0.321 to 0.388) as the moisture content increased from 11.93 to 21.52% d.b. The bulk density decreased from 538.9 to 893.1 kg m -3 , the true density from 893.1 to 784.6 kg m -3 and the porosity from 39.65 to 36.67% respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 11.93 to 21.52% d.b.
STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF RC COLUMNS STRENGTHENED WITH RC JACKETS CONTAINING DOWELS AND DIFFERENT CONFINEMENT RATIOS.

The current paper studies the force transfer mechanisms in retrofitted columns containing dowels crossing the interface of old and new concrete. It includes 10 specimens of square section (150x150x500mm) of 24,37 MPa nominal concrete strength with 4 longitudinal steel bars of 8mm diameter (500 MPa nominal strength) and different transverse reinforcement ratios (ωc= 0,075, ωc=0,15 ). All columns were subjected to initial axial compression up to maximum load. After repair with thixotropic high strength concrete, all columns were retrofitted with RC jacket of 80mm width of 31,8 MPa concrete strength, including 4 longitudinal bars of 8mm diameter (500 MPa nominal strength) and different confinement ratios(ωcj= 0,035/0,071/0,142 ). The retrofitted columns contain dowel bars of either 10 or 14mm diameter that cross the interface. Two loading patterns were selected to test the strengthened columns, the behavior of which is investigated through P-δ, energy absorbed diagrams and the levels of ductility achieved. The results indicate that the initial damages affect the total behavior of the column and the capacity of the interface to shear mechanisms and to slip: a) the maximum bearing load of old column is decreased affecting at the same time the loading capacity of the jacketed element, b) suitable repair of initially damaged specimens increases the capacity of the jacketed column to transfer load through the interface.
EBM PEARL : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW , PART 2 , META-ANALYSIS ( MA ) :

EBM PEARL: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, PART 2, META-ANALYSIS (MA): A systematic review is a methodologically rigorous overview of the medical literature designed to answer a specific clinical question. MA is the statistical application to a systematic review’s individual studies’ combined results. There are 2 basic approaches to combining individualstudy results: combining individual patient data and combining individual study-summary data using weighted averaging. The latter is notably more common, as individual patient results across multiple studies is difficult to obtain. What emerges from the MA results is essentially a single, larger “study” with more statistical power and a more precise effect estimate. Perhaps the most important underlying problem in MA is assuming that the individual studies’ methodologies are sufficiently identical. In other words, are the individual studies’ results measuring the identical or almost-identical effect? To answer this, statistical methods provide an estimate of heterogeneity (the less heterogeneity, the more reliable the final MA summary result). One such method is the I test, discussed in an earlier EBM Pearl. Among the various controversies surrounding MA is the realization that an MA result and a result from an equivalently-large (study patients), well-designed single study—on the exact same clinical question— may not be numerically the same and have differing clinical implications. The controversy lies in which approach—an MA or a large study—is a better estimate of the “true” result. In any case, MA, a methodologically-rigorous, statistically well-powered, enhanced-precision numeric-effect summary of the entire literature on a single clinical question, affords clinicians a tool to inform clinical decision making, in the hope that patients are better served thereby.
Nicotine , the psychoactive ingredient in tobacco , has strong effects on cognition in both clinical populations and pre-clinical models

Learned safety, a learning process in which a cue becomes associated with the absence of threat, is disrupted in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A bi-directional relationship exists between smoking and PTSD and one potential explanation is that nicotine-associated changes in cognition facilitate PTSD emotional dysregulation by disrupting safety associations. Therefore, we investigated whether nicotine would disrupt learned safety by enhancing fear associated with a safety cue. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were administered acute or chronic nicotine and trained over three days in a differential backward trace conditioning paradigm consisting of five trials of a forward conditioned stimulus (CS)+ (Light) coterminating with a footshock unconditioned stimulus followed by a backward CS– (Tone) presented 20 s after cessation of the unconditioned stimulus. Summation testing found that acute nicotine disrupted learned safety, but chronic nicotine had no effect. Another group of animals administered acute nicotine showed fear when presented with the backward CS (Light) alone, indicating the formation of a maladaptive fear association with the backward CS. Finally, we investigated the brain regions involved by administering nicotine directly into the dorsal hippocampus, ventral hippocampus, and prelimbic cortex. Infusion of nicotine into the dorsal hippocampus disrupted safety learning.
Dendrites of the dorsal and ventral hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal neurons

(246 OF 250 WORDS LIMITS) Adolescence is accompanied by increased vulnerability to psychiatric illnesses, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. The hippocampus is important for regulating emotional state through its ventral compartment and spatial cognition through its dorsal compartment. Previous animal studies have examined hippocampal development at stages before, after or at single time points during adolescence. However, only one study has investigated morphological changes at multiple time points during adolescence, and no study has yet compared developmental changes of dorsal versus ventral hippocampi. We analyzed the dorsal and ventral hippocampi of rats to determine the developmental trajectory of Golgistained hippocampal CA1 neurons by sampling at five time points, ranging from postnatal day (P) 35 (puberty) to 55 (end of adolescence). We show that the dorsal hippocampus undergoes transient dendritic retractions in stratum radiatum (SR), while the ventral hippocampus undergoes transient dendritic growths in SR. During adulthood, stress and hormonal fluctuations have been shown to alter the physiology and morphology of hippocampal neurons, but studies of the impact of these factors upon adolescent hippocampi are scarce. Additionally, we show that female-female pair-housing from P 36-44 significantly increases branching in the Page 3 of 44 Synapse This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 3 dorsal SR and reduces branching in the ventral SR. Taken together with data on spine density, these results indicate that pyramidal cells in the dorsal and ventral CA1 of female adolescents are remodeled differently following single housing. Social housing during adolescence elicits pathway-specific changes in the hippocampus that may underlie behavioral benefits, including stability of emotion regulation and superior cognition. HIGHTLIGHTS: • Dorsal hippocampal CA1 undergoes transient dendritic retractions in stratum radiatum • Ventral hippocampal CA1 undergoes transient dendritic growths in stratum radiatum • Pair housing during adolescence increases branching in stratum radiatum • Pair housing during adolescence reduces branching in the ventral stratum radiatum
Clinics onMeasures of Access to Cancer Care : Evidence from the State of Iowa

Objective. To determine the effect of visiting consultant clinics on measures of access to cancer care for rural patients. Data Sources. 2010 Visiting Medical Consultant Database for the state of Iowa (Carver College of Medicine) and the Iowa Physicians Information System (Carver College of Medicine). Study Design. We compared shortest driving times to the nearest medical oncologist for all Iowa census tracts under two scenarios: including only primary practice locations and adding monthly visiting consultant clinic locations. Principal Findings. For rural Iowans, the median driving time to the closest site for medical oncology care falls from 51.6 to 19.2 minutes when monthly visiting consultant clinics are considered. Conclusions. Including visiting consultant clinics has a significant impact on measures of geographic access to cancer care.
Stabilization of Minimum-phase Systems with Uncertainty * WE 1 LINt

The problem of global stabilization via state feedback is studied for a class of minimum-phase nonlinear systems with unknown unmodelled time-varying parameters or disturbances belonging to a given compact set. Sufficient conditions are presented for the existence of a robust stabilizing state-feedback controller. The controller is constructed explicitly by using a Lyapunov-based recursive design procedure. The proposed feedback control law is a smooth function of the state, and requires information of bounding functions on the size of uncertainties. In the case where the disturbance signals represent only an unknown constant vector parameter and appear linearly in the system, an adaptive controller is developed based on similar arguments, achieving global stability with state regulation. The main results of this paper incorporate and generalize a number of robust and adaptive control schemes for global stabilization of uncertain feedback linearizable systems without zero dynamics.
SPIRALITY OF VANISHING HELICITY FLOWS IN SOLID TORI DOMAINS

Ideal nature of inviscid flows and persistency of field lines found a nice bridge between their dynamical properties and topological considerations which on the top of them is knottedness. Helicity as the simplest invariance in topological dynamics, lies in the cross road of these disciplines, both conceptually and practically. Spirality is a Lagrangian invariant that targeted in this paper which imparts the behaviors of each field line. In the present article a necessary and separately a sufficient condition are obtained for vanishing the spirality via a certain gauge transformation in a zero helicity flow. Geometrical interpretations of these conditions are presented and the possible relation between the existence of such a gauge and occurring singularities in vortex dynamics are discussed.
Anti-Tumour Treatment Evolution of anti-HER 2 therapies for cancer treatment

The development of HER2-directed monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have provided benefits to cancer patients, as well as produced many insights into the biology of the ErbB receptor family. Current therapies based on ErbB family members have resulted in improved overall survival with associated improvements in quality of life for the cancer patients that respond to treatment. Compared to monotherapy using either two antibodies to block the HER2 receptor blockade or combinatorial approaches with HER2 antibodies and standard therapies has provided additional benefits. Despite the therapeutic success of existing HER2 therapies, personalising treatment and overcoming resistance to these therapies remains a significant challenge. The heterogeneous intra-tumoural HER2 expression and lack of fully predictive and prognostic biomarkers remain significant barriers to improving the use of HER2 antibodies. Imaging modalities using radiolabelled pertuzumab and trastuzumab allow quantitative assessment of intra-tumoural HER2 expression, HER2 antibody saturation and the success of different drug delivery systems to be assessed. Molecular imaging with HER2 antibodies has the potential to be a non-invasive, predictive and prognostic technique capable of influencing therapeutic decisions, predicting response and failure of treatments as well as providing insights into receptor recycling and signalling. Similarly, conjugating HER2 antibodies with novel toxic payloads or combining HER2 antibodies with cellular immunotherapy provide exciting new opportunities for the management of tumours overexpressing HER2. Future research will lead to higher therapeutic responses, lower toxicities and providing insight into the mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted treatments.
Title Impact of childhood maltreatment on physical health-related quality of life in U . S . active duty military personnel and combat veterans Permalink

Previous studies have found an association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to a lesser extent have considered whether psychiatric symptoms may explain the relationship. This study aimed to further our understanding of the link between CM and HRQoL by testing whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical HRQoL. Mediation models were examined in a sample of male Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) active duty and combat veterans (n = 249). PTSD and depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between CM and overall physical HRQoL, as well as participation in daily activities due to physical health, bodily pain, and social functioning. Mediation of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical and social functioning by depression and PTSD symptoms may lend support to neurobiological hypotheses that childhood maltreatment sensitizes the nervous system and after repeated trauma may lead to the development of psychiatric symptoms, which have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Effect of pre- and post-harvest salicylic acid treatments on quality and antioxidant Properties of 'Red Delicious' apples during cold storage

Salicylic acid is a natural phenolic compound known as a plant hormone having positive effect on storage life and quality of fruits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre- and post-harvest application of salicylic acid on antioxidant properties and quality of ‘Red Delicious’ apples during 193 days cold (0±0.5°C) storage. Both pre- and post-harvest salicylic acid treatments did not affect soluble solid content, titratable acidity and fruit firmness, with the exception of 1 mM at pre-harvest application for titratable acidity. Fruit juice pH was reduced in all fruits at the end of storage, while it was not quite uniform during storage. Although there was no significant difference between the concentrations of salicylic acid in terms of fruit weight loss, but the highest amount of weight loss was observed in post-harvest treatments. Salicylic acid application increased total phenolics and antioxidant activity at the earlier stages of storage showing the highest capacity with 2 mM followed by 1 and 4 mM salicylic acid concentrations, while 1 mM concentration belonged to the highest antioxidant capacity at the end of storage. Anthocyanin content showed a gradual increase during storage until day 60, then decreased right afterwards. The highest amounts of anthocyanin were obtained from the concentrations of 1 and 2 mM salicylic acid in pre-harvest treatments, while 4 mM treatment was not encouraging. Overall, salicylic acid treatments could increase apple storage life and quality for a short period of time only.
Factors influencing agricultural credit demand in Northern Ghana

The greatest challenge to food security is low productivity emanating from slow growth in the agricultural sector and one of the reasons for this is little or no access to financial resources by producers. Credit is one of the empowerment tools that have the potential to boost the productivity, increase food security and change the life of farmers from a situation of abject poverty to a more dignified life in the long run. Using a household survey data from United State Agency for International Development’s feed the future initiative; this study employed the logistic regression model to investigate the factors influencing households’ demand for agricultural credit placing much emphasis on membership to organization. A total sample size of 2,330 farm households selected from Northern Ghana was used. The results of the logistic regression model revealed significant and positive variables such as age, education, group membership and source of credit. We therefore call on stakeholders to encourage formation of cooperative groups to enable farmers pull resources together or streamline loan application procedures, intensify education of farmers on loan procedures and promote flexibility in types of collateral demanded by financial institutions in order to enhance access. Key words: Credit access, farmers, food security, Ghana, logit model.
LIMITS ON COSMOLOGICAL BIREFRINGENCE FROM THE ULTRAVIOLET POLARIZATION OF DISTANT RADIO GALAXIES

We report on an update of the test on the rotation of the plane of linear polarization for light traveling over cosmological distances, using a comparison between the measured direction of the UV polarization in eight radio galaxies at z>2 and the direction predicted by the model of scattering of anisotropic nuclear radiation, which explains the polarization. No rotation is detected within a few degrees for each galaxy and, if the rotation does not depend on direction, then the all-sky-average rotation is constrained to be θ = −0. °8 ± 2. °2. We discuss the relevance of this result for constraining cosmological birefringence when this is caused by the interaction with a cosmological pseudo-scalar field or by the presence of a Cherns–Simons term.
Nanoporous aluminium oxide membranes as cell interfaces

Nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) has become increasingly important in biomedical applications over the past years due to its biocompatibility, increased surface area, and the possibility to tailor this nanomaterial with a wide range of surface modifications. AAO nanopores are formed in an inexpensive anodisation process of pure aluminium, which results in the selfassembly of highly ordered, vertical nanochannels with well-controllable pore diameters, depths, and interpore distances. Because of these outstanding properties AAO nanopores have become excellent candidates as nanostructured substrates for cell-interface studies. In this comprehensive review previous surveys on cell adhesion and proliferation on different AAO nanopore geometries and surface modifications are highlighted and summarised tabularly. Future applications of nanoporous alumina membranes in biotechnology and medicine are also outlined, for instance, the use of nanoporous AAO as implant modifications, coculture substrates, or immunoisolation devices.
EVALUATING AND MANAGING INFLAMMATORY SPINE DISEASE DISEASE BURDEN

Axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by inflammatory back pain (IBP) that manifests in childhood, late adolescence, or early adulthood. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic AxSpA represent 2 ends of the AxSpA spectrum. Diagnosis can be challenging because patients develop IBP that may not be associated with radiographic changes in the sacroiliac joints. Patients early in the course of disease are estimated to have at least the same level of disease activity and pain as patients with established disease; thus, they could benefit substantially from earlier diagnosis. Although the recent use of magnetic resonance imaging and its inclusion in diagnostic criteria has enhanced the identification of early AxSpA, improvement in early diagnosis has not been consistently reported across all studies. Limited knowledge of the continuum of AxSpA disease manifestations and lack of recognition of IBP in primary practice may contribute to this. Implementing a referral strategy that identifies patients with IBP for additional testing and assessment may lead to better recognition of early signs and symptoms of AxSpA, thereby offering the potential for improved patient outcomes. This review presents an overview of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and burdens of AxSpA, followed by a case presentation outlining approaches to the evaluation and management of a patient with suspected inflammatory spine disease. a 2016 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) n Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;nn(n):1-10
Success in Higher Education A discussion of selection criteria

This paper analyses the determinants of success of undergraduate Nova SBE students from 2008 to 2011. We account for the question of selection that is likely to occur when we just observe the success of those students who were admitted and enrolled at school. The main result of our empirical analysis is that the high school score appears to be a stronger predictor of the students ́ success than the national Math’s exam score. In addition, the evidence also suggests that male students tend to have a better performance in Economics than female students and displaced management students have more difficulties in terms of their scores. Finally, it does not seem to exist a strong visible difference on the final GPA between students from public and private schools. JEL Classification: I21, I23