Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast cooling and heating scenarios for the laser-induced phase transition in CuO

The multiferroic compound CuO exhibits low-temperature magnetic properties similar to antiferromagnetic iron oxides, while the electronic properties have much more in common with the high-${T}_{c}$ cuprate superconductors. This suggests novel possibilities for the ultrafast optical excitation of magnetism. On the basis of atomistic spin dynamics simulations, we study the effect of phonon-assisted multimagnon absorption and photodoping on the spin dynamics in the vicinity of the first-order phase transition from collinear to spin-spiral magnetic order. Similar as in recent experiments, we find that for both excitations the phase transition can proceed on the picosecond timescale. Interestingly, however, these excitation mechanisms display very distinct dynamics. Following photodoping, the spin system first cools down on subpicosecond time scales, which we explain as an ultrafast magnetocaloric effect. Opposed to this, following phonon-assisted multimagnon excitation, the spin systems rapidly heats up and subsequently evolves to the noncollinear phase even under the influence of isotropic exchange interactions alone.
Myricetin and Naringenin Inhibit Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Proliferation and Migration In Vitro

In this study the potential anticancer effect of 2 flavonoids, myiricetin (MYR) and naringenin (NAR) has been evaluated on an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line, SCC-25, and HaCaT cells. Both the flavonoids inhibited SCC-25 cell growth, although NAR selectively affected cancer cells without impairing HaCaT cell growth. The cell proliferation inhibition by MYR and NAR was not related to apoptosis induction, but on cell cycle impairment, because a G0/G1 and a G2/M blockage was highlighted following 24 h of treatment in SCC-25 and HaCaT cells, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that MYR induced a decrease of Cyclin D1 in SCC-25 and of Cyclin B1 in HaCaT cells, while NAR negatively modulated Cyclin D1 expression in SCC-25 cells. Wound-healing and cell invasion assays demonstrated that both the flavonoids were able to reduce motility on both SCC-25 and HaCaT cells. In conclusion the results of the present study show the anticancer potential of NAR and MYR on OSCC because they exert cytostatic effect by the impairment of cell cycle progression. Moreover both the flavonoids inhibit cell migration, thus highlighting their potential effect as antimetastatic agents. Therefore, MYR and NAR appear as promising candidate as oral cancer chemopreventive agents.
A model-based approach to long-term recovery of limb apraxia after stroke

Limb apraxia is a disorder affecting performance of gestures on verbal command (pantomime), on imitation, and/or in tool and action recognition. We aimed to examine recovery on tasks assessing both conceptual and production aspects of limb praxis in left (n = 22) and right (n = 15) stroke patients. Patients were assessed longitudinally on four conceptual tasks (action identification, tool naming by action, tool identification, and tool naming) and five production tasks (pantomime, pantomime by picture, concurrent imitation, delayed imitation, and tool use). They were grouped as impaired or not relative to the performance of a control sample (n = 27) and as acute‐subacute (first assessment within 3 months post stroke) or chronic (over 3 months post stroke). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the data. Acute–subacute and chronic patients had similar average performance. All tasks, except action identification, showed evidence of recovery in both acute and chronic impaired patients. A faster rate of recovery among acute–subacute patients was observed only in the two pantomime tasks (action identification and tool identification were not compared on this factor).
Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase from Porphyromonas gingivalis Abolishes Anaphylatoxin C5a Activity*

Background: Pathogenic bacteria avoid killing by phagocytes through inhibition of C5a chemotactic activity. Results: Periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses unique peptidylarginine deiminase, which inactivates C5a by converting C-terminal arginine to citrulline. Conclusion: Citrullination of C5a constitutes a novel virulence strategy that may contribute to immune evasion by P. gingivalis. Significance: P. gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase is a potential target for drug development. Evasion of killing by the complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, is a key evolutionary strategy of many human pathogens. A major etiological agent of chronic periodontitis, the Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, produces a vast arsenal of virulence factors that compromise human defense mechanisms. One of these is peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), an enzyme unique to P. gingivalis among bacteria, which converts Arg residues in polypeptide chains into citrulline. Here, we report that PPAD citrullination of a critical C-terminal arginine of the anaphylatoxin C5a disabled the protein function. Treatment of C5a with PPAD in vitro resulted in decreased chemotaxis of human neutrophils and diminished calcium signaling in monocytic cell line U937 transfected with the C5a receptor (C5aR) and loaded with a fluorescent intracellular calcium probe: Fura-2 AM. Moreover, a low degree of citrullination of internal arginine residues by PPAD was also detected using mass spectrometry. Further, after treatment of C5 with outer membrane vesicles naturally shed by P. gingivalis, we observed generation of C5a totally citrullinated at the C-terminal Arg-74 residue (Arg74Cit). In stark contrast, only native C5a was detected after treatment with PPAD-null outer membrane vesicles. Our study suggests reduced antibacterial and proinflammatory capacity of citrullinated C5a, achieved via lower level of chemotactic potential of the modified molecule, and weaker cell activation. In the context of previous studies, which showed crosstalk between C5aR and Toll-like receptors, as well as enhanced arthritis development in mice infected with PPAD-expressing P. gingivalis, our findings support a crucial role of PPAD in the virulence of P. gingivalis.
Feasibility of using single-slice MDCT to evaluate visceral abdominal fat in an urban pediatric population.

OBJECTIVE Obesity is a growing clinical problem, especially among children of low socioeconomic status. Increased visceral abdominal fat is implicated in the metabolic syndrome and its health consequences. The purpose of this study is to validate measurement of a single MDCT slice as a predictor of total visceral abdominal fat and to correlate over a wide range of body mass indexes (BMIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-phase retrospective analysis was performed. For validation, MDCTs of 21 consecutive healthy children (8-14 years old) were reviewed. In these cases, visceral abdominal fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat area were calculated using a body fat analysis function from single 0.625-mm MDCT slices at the umbilicus and were compared with total visceral abdominal fat area as measured from T11 to the coccyx. Subsequently, visceral abdominal fat area was obtained from single slices at the umbilicus from abdominal MDCT scans of 146 consecutive healthy children (age range, 6-14 years; 80 boys and 66 girls; 77 Hispanic, 41 African American, 15 white, and 13 multiracial or other race) for whom BMI was available. Associations between visceral abdominal fat area and sex, race, and BMI were determined. Effective radiation dose for a 1.25-mm axial MDCT slice was calculated using a mathematic model that uses derived scaling factors for pediatric patients. RESULTS Visceral abdominal fat area obtained from a 0.625-mm slice at the umbilicus was highly correlated with total visceral abdominal fat area (r = 0.96; p < 0.0001). Visceral abdominal fat area from single slices at the umbilicus was significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.72; p < 0.0001). Umbilical visceral abdominal fat area was significantly lower in African American children compared with others (median, 14 vs 22 cm(2); p = 0.02) and was not associated with sex. In our population, the effective radiation dose from the smallest obtainable slice was 0.015-0.019 mSv/37-54 kg of patient weight. CONCLUSION Visceral abdominal fat area calculated from a single abdominal MDCT slice obtained in children is highly correlated with total visceral abdominal fat and with BMI and involves limited radiation exposure.
Extroversion-Related Differences in Speed of Premotor and Motor Processing as Revealed by Lateralized Readiness Potentials

To further elucidate extroversion-related differences in speed of sensorimotor processing, the authors obtained behavioral and psychophysiological measures as participants (16 introverts and 16 extroverts) performed a visual go/no-go task. Although no extroversion-related differences in reaction time emerged, introverts showed faster premotor processing but slower central and peripheral motor processing—as indicated by latencies of the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) and electromyographic (EMG) data, respectively—than extroverts did. Additional regression analyses revealed that stimulus-locked LRP latency, response-locked LRP latency, and Nl EMG amplitude accounted for 40% of overall variability in individual extroversion scores. On the basis of the present results, the authors introduce a compensation hypothesis that accounts for the common failure of researchers to demonstrate extroversion-related differences in reaction time. The present results challenge J. Brebner and C. Cooper's (1985) model of extroversion in which stimulus analysis is not slower in introverts than in extroverts. However, the present findings support the assumption of faster motor processing in extroverts.
Peripheral Circulating Cells in Lung Cancer 1 Cellular Expression of PD-L 1 in the Peripheral Blood of Lung Cancer Patients is Associated with Worse Survival

a Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 330 Cedar St. BB205, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT 06520-8062 b Epic Sciences, 9381 Judicial Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA c Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 367 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510 d University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0987, La Jolla, CA 92093 e University of Southern California, Norris Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave NTT3440, Los Angeles, CA 90033 This work was supported by National Institute of Health grant SBIR HHSN261201200049C awarded to R. P. Graf.
Replication of prions in differentiated muscle cells

We have demonstrated that prions accumulate to high levels in non-proliferative C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 cells replicate as myoblasts but can be differentiated into myotubes. Earlier studies indicated that C2C12 myoblasts are not competent for prion replication.1 We confirmed that observation and demonstrated, for the first time, that while replicative myoblasts do not accumulate PrPSc, differentiated post-mitotic myotube cultures replicate prions robustly. Here we extend our observations and describe the implication and utility of this system for replicating prions.
New observations on pulmonary function changes in sarcoidosis

Respiratory tract involvement occurs at some time during the course of most patients with sarcoidosis. There are many articles on lung function impairment in sarcoidosis, but the definite, unique guideline considering the correlation between the clinical, radiologic, and biochemical findings of the disease is lacking. During the last few years, most of the literature has focused on follow-up studies, presenting primarily the effects of the treatment on lung function impairment in patients with sarcoidosis. This study focuses on airflow impairment, diffusion impairment, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in sarcoidosis. The topic has already been explored, but this time the authors emphasize lung function impairment and its correlation with the course of the disease. Considering the course of sarcoidosis, a significantly higher number of patients with diffusion impairment have the chronic form of the disease. The bronchial challenge test (BCT) was performed in patients with chronic sarcoidosis at the time they experienced relapse of disease activity. A high number of patients with positive BCT is significant in light of their disease. Further analyses, not only functional, but immunologic, are necessary to examine the potential correlation between positive BCT and the activity of sarcoidosis.
Sparsity-Induced Similarity Measure and Its Applications

The structures of feature vectors-based semisupervised/supervised learning have gained considerable interest in recent years due to their effectiveness for better object modeling and classification. In many machine learning and computer vision tasks, a critical issue is the similarity between two feature vectors. In this paper, we present a novel technique to measure similarities among feature vectors by decomposing each feature vector as an ℓ1 sparse linear combination of the rest of the feature vectors. The main idea is that the coefficients in such sparse decomposition reflect the features' neighborhood structure, thus providing better similarity measures among the decomposed feature vector and the rest of the feature vectors. The proposed approach is applied to label propagation and action recognition, and is evaluated on several commonly used datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed sparsity-induced similarity measure significantly improves the performance of both label propagation and action recognition.
High-frequency trading : new realities for traders, markets and regulators

1. Introduction - The New Paradigm in High Frequency Trading David Easley (Cornell University), Marcos Lopez de Prado (Hess Corporation), Maureen O'Hara (Cornell University) 2. High Frequency Trading Strategies in FX Markets Richard Olsen (Olsen Ltd) 3. Execution Strategies in Equity Markets Michael G Sotiropoulos (Bank of America Merrill Lynch) 4. Execution Strategies in Fixed Income Markets Robert Almgren (Quantitative Brokers) 5. Machine Learning and High Frequency Data Michael Kearns (University of Pennsylvania) and Yuriy Nevmyvaka (SAC Capital) 6. The Regulatory Problems in High Frequency Markets Oliver Linton (University of Cambridge), Maureen O'Hara (Cornell University) and J.P. Zigrand (LSE) 7. Microstructure Research Methodologies for HF Markets Terry Hendershott (University of California, Berkeley), Charles Jones (Columbia University), Albert Menkveld (VU University Amsterdam) 8. Do Algo Executions Leak Information? George Sofianos and JuanJuan Xiang (Goldman Sachs) 9. Volatility and Contagion David Easley (Cornell University), Robert Engle (NYU Stern School of Business), (Hess Corporation), Maureen O'Hara (Cornell University) 10. Risk Management in a High Frequency World David Easley (Cornell University), Marcos Lopez de Prado (Hess Corporation), Maureen O'Hara (Cornell University)
New insights into the molecular mechanisms of the fibrinolytic system

Summary. Fibrinolysis is regulated by specific molecular interactions between its main components. Activation of plasminogen by tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) is enhanced in the presence of fibrin or at the endothelial cell surface. Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA) binds to a specific cellular u‐PA receptor (u‐PAR), resulting in enhanced activation of cell‐bound plasminogen. Inhibition of fibrinolysis occurs at the level of plasminogen activation or at the level of plasmin. Assembly of fibrinolytic components at the surface of fibrin results in fibrin degradation. Assembly at the surface of cells provides a mechanism for generation of localized cell‐associated proteolytic activity. This review includes novel proteins such a thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and discusses new insights into molecular mechanisms obtained from the rapidly growing knowledge of crystal structures of proteins.
Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination: The Interplay of Steroid Hormones and Temperature

Abstract Sex determination is the product of coordinated gene expression. Mutational analyses have yielded great progress in our understanding of mammalian sex determination, and insight into the evolution of this sex chromosome system would be valuable. Mammals arose from turtle-like reptiles, and in many turtles the incubation temperature of the egg determines the sex of the offspring, a process known as temperature-dependent sex determination. There is mounting evidence that sex steroid hormones are the physiological equivalent of incubation temperature and serve as the proximate trigger for male and female sex determination. Temperature appears to accomplish this end by acting on genes coding for steroidogenic enzymes and sex steroid hormone receptors. The ability to manipulate sex determination in turtles both by temperature and by sex steroid hormones extends our understanding of the evolution as well as the physiology and molecular biology of sex determination.
An ODE-Based Method for Computing the Distance of Coprime Polynomials to Common Divisibility

The problem of computing the distance of two real coprime polynomials to the set of polynomials with a nontrivial greatest common divisor (GCD) appears in computer algebra, signal processing, and control theory. It has been studied in the literature under the names approximate common divisor, $\varepsilon$-GCD, and distance to uncontrollability. Existing solution methods use different types of local optimization methods and require a user-defined initial approximation. In this paper, we propose a new method that allows us to include constraints on the coefficients of the polynomials. Moreover, the method proposed in the paper is more robust to the initial approximation than the Newton-type optimization methods available in the literature. Our approach consists of two steps: (1) reformulate the problem as a problem of determining the structured distance to singularity of an associated Sylvester matrix, and (2) integrate a system of ODEs, which describes the gradient associated to the functional to be minim.
Influence of the Viral Regulatory Region on Tumor Induction by Simian Virus 40 in Hamsters

ABSTRACT Most of the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome is conserved among isolates, but the noncoding regulatory region and the genomic region encoding the large T-antigen C terminus (T-ag-C) may exhibit considerable variation. We demonstrate here that SV40 isolates differ in their oncogenic potentials in Syrian golden hamsters. Experimental animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with 107 PFU of parental or recombinant SV40 viruses and were observed for 12 months to identify genetic determinants of oncogenicity. The viral regulatory region was found to exert a statistically significant influence on tumor incidence, whereas the T-ag-C played a minor role. Viruses with a single enhancer (1E) were more oncogenic than those with a two-enhancer (2E) structure. Rearrangements in the 1E viral regulatory region were detected in 4 of 60 (6.7%) tumors. Viral loads in tumors varied, with a median of 5.4 SV40 genome copies per cell. Infectious SV40 was rescued from 15 of 37 (40%) cell lines established from tumors. Most hamsters with tumors and many without tumors produced antibodies to T antigen. All viruses displayed similar transforming frequencies in vitro, suggesting that differences in oncogenic potential in vivo were due to host responses to viral infection. This study shows that SV40 strains differ in their biological properties, suggests that SV40 replicates to some level in hamsters, and indicates that the outcome of an SV40 infection may depend on the viral strain present.
Effects of D-galactosamine and D-glucosamine on retention performance of a brightness discrimination task in rats.

The glycoprotein and ganglioside precursors D-galactosamine and D-glucosamine were tested for effects on acquisition and retention of a brightness discrimination reaction in rats. Intraperitoneally (1.85 mmoles/kg) and intraventricularly (0.8 mumoles) applied D-galactosamine had no influence on acquisition, but improved the retention performance. Intraperitoneally (6.0 mmoles/kg) and intraventricularly (2.4 mumoles) applied D-glucosamine showed qualitatively identical results, i.e. improving effect on retention performance. The penetration abilities of [3H]D-glucosamine and [3H]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to cross the blood-brain barrier were tested: D-glucosamine penetrated easily the blood-brain barrier (approximately 2:1 relation). However, after intravenous application of 200 mumoles 30 min before training both substances showed a positive effect on retention performance. The findings are discussed in the light that the retention-improving effects of the hexosamines under investigation are believed to be due to a direct, activating influence on glycoprotein and/or ganglioside syntheses in the brain.
Immunologic and Clinical Manifestations of Infectious Scleritis After Pterygium Excision

Purpose: To present the immunologic status and clinical manifestations of patients who had infectious scleritis after pterygium excision. Methods: This prospective noncomparative study of immunologic status and clinical manifestations involved 18 eyes of 18 patients with infectious scleritis (16 bacterial and 2 fungal infections) with a history of pterygium excision from 1999 to 2001. Results: The period between pterygium excision and scleritis ranged from 1 to 36 years. None of the 18 patients had any history of systemic autoimmune disease. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates were found in 9 (50%) of 18 patients. Elevated serum C-reactive protein levels were found in 9 (75%) of 12 patients. Other serologic tests were all negative. The most common pathogen of infectious scleritis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was present in 13 patients (72.2%), significantly higher than any others (P < 0.05). All of the eyeballs were salvaged, and 9 (50%) of 18 patients had final vision better than 2/20. Conclusion: There was no underlying autoimmune disease associated with infectious scleritis in this study. Early diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical treatment might have saved the eyes.
Ion instabilities initiated in the gun of a linear beam microwave tube

A theory is presented which offers an explanation for many of the causes of ion-induced instabilities of the phase and amplitude of the RF output of a solenoid-focused 10-kW continuous-wave coupled cavity traveling-wave tube (TWT). This theory is based on the effects of ions in the electron gun. Some of these ions enter the gun from the interaction region of the TWT. Ions generated in the gun can also have a significant effect on the instabilities. The characteristics (in particular, the timing and shapes) of the waveforms of the instabilities are discussed in detail. The sawtooth waveform often observed is explained by the rates of ion generation in the beam and then the rapid discharge of ions into the gun. When gas pressure in the gun is elevated because of relatively high pressure in the TWT, cathode evaporation, or sputtering, the waveforms can take on a complex double exponential shape that sometimes has a double period. Some of the reasons for these effects are given. The effects that are observed of solenoid current, cathode voltage, RF drive level, and collector voltage on the instabilities are explained by the effects of these parameters on an ion barrier at the collector end of the TWT. When these quantities are such that the barrier is small, the drainage of beam ions to the collector is increased and to the gun is decreased. With reduced ion flow to the gun, gas generation in the gun is reduced, and so the causes of the instabilities are suppressed.