Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enzyme-activated surfactants for dispersion of carbon nanotubes.

N-Fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl-protected amino acids are used as surfactants for carbon nanotubes and their interactions are modeled using quantum mechanical computations. These surfactants are then converted into enzymatically activated CNT surfactants that create homogeneous aqueous nanotube dispersions on-demand under constant and physiological conditions
Correlation of 3D Arterial Spin Labeling and Multi-Parametric Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion MRI in Brain Tumors.

PURPOSE Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an alternative method to Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI for brain tumors. However, ASL cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be easily affected by transit time. DSC MRI derived time to maximum of the residue function (Tmax) is possible to assess the transit time on ASL. METHODS Thirty patients with brain tumors were studied using ASL and DSC MRI. The relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), Tmax, and mean transit time (MTT) were obtained from DSC MRI. The ratios of the parameters were analyzed. RESULTS ASL CBF ratio correlated with the DSC rCBF ratio (r=0.78, p<0.001) and rCBV ratio (r=0.74, p<0.001). There was a moderate correlation between ASL CBF ratio and Tmax ratio (r=-0.43, p<0.05) in brain tumors. CONCLUSIONS ASL CBF strongly correlated with DSC rCBF and rCBV. In addition, a negative correlation was found between ASL CBF and Tmax in brain tumors, indicating that these parameters would be affected by transit time. This may explain why ASL CBF is different from DSC rCBF and rCBV. The decreased DSC Tmax value may suggest high vascularity in a tumor. J. Med. Invest. 63: 175-181, August, 2016.
Ecology of Vibrio species, including Vibrio cholerae, in natural waters in Kent, England.

The distribution of Vibrio species in water from two sites in Kent was studied between 1978 and 1980. They were counted by a most probable number technique using alkaline peptone water for enrichment followed by plating onto thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar, or by direct plating of water onto the same agar. In a freshwater stream both upstream and downstream from a human sewage works outfall V. metschnikovii was the predominant Vibrio. Vibrio anguillarum was isolated sporadically. Non-O1 serovars of V. cholerae occurred only twice. At the other site in a ditch containing static, brackish water, non-O1 V. cholerae (highest number 400 cfu/ml) was observed as present only from May to November. Vibrio anguillarum was isolated throughout the sampling period. The presence of non-O1 V. cholerae in both sites was not dependent on the input of human sewage. The hypothesis that non-toxigenic V. cholerae can survive and multiply in water was tested in the ditch by the use of submersible chambers constructed of polycarbonate membranes and Plexiglass. The seasonal incidence of non-O1 V. cholerae in the brackish water site could be explained by the multiplication of the organism when the water temperature exceeded 9°C. It was concluded that strains of V. cholerae that are unable to produce cholera toxin are indigenous to static brackish water environments and the possibility that this applies to toxigenic strains as well should be investigated.
Systolic Anterior Motion of the Mitral Valve with Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction: Three Cases of Acute Perioperative Hypotension in Noncardiac Surgery

In this report we describe three cases of severe perioperative hypotension in noncardiac surgery patients. As systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in combination with subaortic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is an unrecognized cause for hypotension in noncardiac surgery patients, delayed diagnosis can result in erroneous treatment regimen. The aim of the present report is to provide an informative and brief synopsis of the pathophysiological consequences and diagnostic/therapeutic strategies for the perioperative management of systolic anterior motion.
An Evaluation of the Effects of a Standard Heparin Dose on Thrombin Inhibition During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonates

We compared the adequacy of heparinization in neonates and older children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by measuring heparin activity, thrombin formation, and thrombin activity. Ten neonates and 10 older children were administered 400 U/kg of heparin before CPB. Heparin anti-Xa activity, prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2), and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were measured at baseline, after 30 min on CPB, immediately post-CPB, and 3 and 24 h post-CPB. Heparin anti-Xa activity was significantly decreased during and immediately post-CPB in the neonatal group. F1.2 and FPA levels in neonates were significantly higher at baseline, decreased with the commencement of CPB, and increased to levels higher than those in older children after CPB. Our data show that with standard heparin doses, neonates exhibit less heparin anti-Xa activity during CPB. Higher baseline levels of F1.2 and FPA present in neonates indicate preoperative activation of their coagulation systems as compared with older children. Although F1.2 and FPA levels initially decrease with the commencement of CPB, probably representing hemodilution, the subsequent increase in these markers indicates significantly more thrombin formation and activity during and after CPB. These results raise the concern that 400 U/kg of heparin may not adequately suppress thrombin formation and activity in neonates undergoing CPB.
A Reduced Voltage Range Global Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions

In string photovoltaic (PV) systems, the power–voltage (<italic>P</italic>–<italic>V</italic>) characteristic under partial shading conditions (PSC) displays multiple peaks requiring global maximum power point (GMPP) tracking (GMPPT) algorithms to identify the PV array GMPP. Several GMPPT algorithms scan wide voltage tracks to detect the GMPP, even larger than a <italic>P</italic>–<italic>V</italic> curve full scan. Moreover, many algorithms have been tested only for simple PSC that lead to three well distinct peaks at most. This paper initially presents a trapezoidal area, called the maximum power trapezium (MPT), in the <italic>P</italic>–<italic>V </italic> plane that contains all possible GMPPs for any PSC. Using the MPT and information about the minimum voltage difference between adjacent local peaks, a GMPPT algorithm is proposed, which tracks the GMPP of a string PV array under any severe PSC reducing its voltage track and so its tracking time. Simulation and experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm, in comparison to the state-of-art algorithms, in terms of tracking time, energy loss, and total voltage track during the search for the GMPP.
EFFECT OF GONADOTROPINS AND PREGNANCY ON PRORENIN AND RENIN IN THE RAT

1. Stimulation of adult female rats with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorion gonadotropin (hCG) increased active plasma renin about two‐fold, but caused only a slight increase of plasma prorenin. The concentrations of active renin and prorenin in the ovaries, and active renin in the uterus all increased about two‐fold 2 days after stimulation with PMSG. The prorenin in the uterus was below detection in unstimulated rats and did not change consistently after PMSG.
Influence of Pulse Shape in 112-Gb/s WDM PDM-QPSK Transmission

In this work, we investigated the influence of pulse shape on the transmission performance of polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift keying modulation format at 112 Gb/s in a ten-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission experiment with 50-GHz channel spacing. Nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero with 50% duty cycle (RZ50) were compared. RZ50 was found to have better performance in both single-channel and WDM experiments. Compared with NRZ, the use of RZ50 yielded an increase in reach from 6560 to 7760 km in the single-channel experiment (corresponding to an increase in reach by 18%); in the case of WDM. the reach was extended from 5920 to 7360 km (corresponding to a 24% increase in reach).
Arterial blood pressure responses to short-term exposure to low and high traffic-related air pollution with and without moderate physical activity

Background Short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Physical activity (PA) in polluted air may increase pollutant uptake and increase these effects. Methods Crossover real-world exposure study in 28 healthy participants comparing systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses to four different exposure scenarios: 2 h exposure in high or low-TRAP environment, each at rest and combined with intermittent moderate PA consisting of 15 min intervals alternating rest and cycling on a stationary bicycle. Data was analyzed using mixed effect models for repeated measures. Results Exposure to high TRAP was associated with higher DBP (1.1 mm/Hg, p = 0.002) post-exposure, irrespective of exercise status. Ultrafine particles (UFP) increased DBP post-exposure (0.9 mm/Hg, p = 0.004). Interquartile increases in black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM10 and PMcoarse), UFP, and nitric oxides (NOx) were associated with statistically significantly higher SBP post-exposure (1.2, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.1 mm/Hg, respectively). Intermittent PA compared with rest was associated with lower SBP post-exposure (−2.4 mm/Hg, p < 0.001). PA lowered SBP more after exposure to the low-TRAP site (−2.3 mm/Hg) compared with the high-TRAP site (−1.6 mm/Hg). We only found evidence of an interaction between PA and both PM10 and PMcoarse, increasing SBP. Conclusion Both SBP and DBP increase after exposure to TRAP. Intermittent PA attenuates the TRAP-related increases in SBP, with the exception of PM10 and PMcoarse, which potentiate these increases. We showed that in low-TRAP environments intermittent PA has stronger beneficial effects on SBP than in high-TRAP environments.
Oral infection by the Human Papilloma Virus in women with cervical lesions at a prison in São Paulo, Brazil

Carcinoma of the head and neck is the 6th cause of death by cancer in the world. In recent decades the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the etiology of this disease Objective To characterize the types of HPV detected in the oral mucosa in women with cytological abnormalities suggesting intraepithelial squamous lesions in the uterine cervix. Methods four-hundred-nine cervical-vaginal and oral pap-smears of women interned in a Female Prison in São Paulo were examined. The relationship between cervical and oral lesion was analyzed by PCR/RFLP and DNA sequencing. Results Of 27 (6.67%) specimens showing cervical cytological abnormalities suggesting LSIL and HSIL, 22 (81.48%) had oncogenic high-risk HPV infection, of which HPV 59 was the most prevalent. Three (11.1%) samples showed cytological changes suggesting mild dysplasia in the oral cavity. Conclusion Our study suggests an association between carcinoma of the oral cavity and HPV infection, regardless of the virus type.
Minimizers and symmetric minimizers for problems with critical Sobolev exponent

In this paper we will be concerned with the existence and non-existence of constrained minimizers in Sobolev spaces $D^{k,p}({\mathbb R}^N)$, where the constraint involves the critical Sobolev exponent. Minimizing sequences are not, in general, relatively compact for the embedding $D^{k,p}({\mathbb R}^N)\hookrightarrow L^{p^*} ({\mathbb R}^N,Q)$ when $Q$ is a non-negative, continuous, bounded function. However if $Q$ has certain symmetry properties then all minimizing sequences are relatively compact in the Sobolev space of appropriately symmetric functions. For $Q$ which does not have the required symmetry, we give a condition under which an equivalent norm in $D^{k,p}({\mathbb R}^N)$ exists so that all minimizing sequences are relatively compact. In fact we give an example of a $Q$ and an equivalent norm in $D^{k,p}({\mathbb R}^N)$ so that all minimizing sequences are relatively compact.
The effect of a moving distractor on the initiation of smooth-pursuit eye movements

Abstract As a step toward understanding the mechanism by which targets are selected for smooth-pursuit eye movements, we examined the behavior of the pursuit system when monkeys were presented with two discrete moving visual targets. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to select a small moving target identified by its color in the presence of a moving distractor of another color. Smooth-pursuit eye movements were quantified in terms of the latency of the eye movement and the initial eye acceleration profile. We have previously shown that the latency of smooth pursuit, which is normally around 100 ms, can be extended to 150 ms or shortened to 85 ms depending on whether there is a distractor moving in the opposite or same direction, respectively, relative to the direction of the target. We have now measured this effect for a 360 deg range of distractor directions, and distractor speeds of 5–45 deg/s. We have also examined the effect of varying the spatial separation and temporal asynchrony between target and distractor. The results indicate that the effect of the distractor on the latency of pursuit depends on its direction of motion, and its spatial and temporal proximity to the target, but depends very little on the speed of the distractor. Furthermore, under the conditions of these experiments, the direction of the eye movement that is emitted in response to two competing moving stimuli is not a vectorial combination of the stimulus motions, but is solely determined by the direction of the target. The results are consistent with a competitive model for smooth-pursuit target selection and suggest that the competition takes place at a stage of the pursuit pathway that is between visual-motion processing and motor-response preparation.
Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Vertebral Artery Dissection in the Acute Stage

Ruptured vertebral artery (VA) dissection is one of the common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in Asian countries [1]. Although surgery has been the standard treatment [2], endovascular occlusion has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality [3, 4]. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular treatment for ruptured VA dissection. Sixteen patients with ruptured VA dissection treated endovascularly were identified among 401 nontraumatic SAH patients admitted to our hospitals between January 1996 and December 2000. The clinical and angiographic characteristics of the 16 patients, including gender, age, SAH grade evaluated according to the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale [5] and location/extension of dissection, were retrospectively investigated and are summarized in table 1. The dissection sites were classified into 3 categories according to their anatomical relationship to the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Dissection was proximal to the PICA in 3, distal to the PICA in 11, and involved the PICA in 2 cases. Endovascular occlusion of the dissected VA were performed with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs; Boston Scientific, Fermont, Calif., USA) of appropriate length, diameter and shape. GDC embolization was feasible in 15 of the 16 cases, and balloon proximal occlusion of the ruptured VA was performed in the other case. In 1 of the 2 patients whose dissection sites involved the PICA origin (Patient 5), only the VA distal to the PICA origin was embolized for fear of occluding the prominent PICA (fig. 1). In all 11 patients whose dissection site was distal to the PICA origin, the VA, including the dissected part, was completely occluded with GDC (fig. 2). There were no accidents during the procedure, but 4 patients died perioperatively. Procedure-related complications included rebleed-
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Recurrence of Gynecological Malignancy in Iraqi Patients

: Background: Pelvis MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) isa noninvasive diagnostic tooland commonly used in follow up of patients with gynecological cancer as the pelvis is most common site of local recurrence. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic effectiveness of pelvic MRI in determining, characterization and detection of pelvic recurrence in patients with gynecological malignancy. Methods: Eighty patients with gynecological malignancy who had their treatment in oncology teaching hospital underwent follow up pelvis MRI with IV (intravenous) contrast in period between September 2015 to December 2016, thepatients' age range from 36 to 78 years. Results: endometrial cancer is the leading gynecological malignancy ,but thank God most patients (75%) show no pelvic recurrence on MRI with IV contrast ,while most of those with recurrence show lesions in surgical bed in 8% of the cases ,on another hand cervical cancer had high local pelvis recurrence of about 60% in remote cervix- bed-and 24% within regional lymphatic chains, unfortunately ovarian cancer shows pessimistic results as it shows 83% recurrence in form of pelvic mass or regional adenopathy ,ascites and peritoneal and omental seeding. Conclusion: MRI is a required tool in evaluation and follow up of patients with suspicious recurrence after gynecological malignancy surgery, its value was illustrated in characterization and diagnosis of pelvis lesion(s) by depending on their appearance on T1,T2 and fat suppression T2 MRI sequences in addition to assess their enhancement pattern after IV contrast injection.
Cultivating Conformists or Raising Rebels? Connecting Parental Control and Autonomy Support to Adolescent Delinquency

&NA; This study investigates short‐term and long‐term associations between parenting in early adolescence and delinquency throughout adolescence using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys. Multilevel longitudinal Poisson regressions show that behavioral control, psychological control, and decision‐making autonomy in early adolescence (ages 10–11) are associated with delinquency trajectories throughout adolescence (ages 10–17). Path analyses reveal support for three mediation hypotheses. Parental monitoring (behavioral control) is negatively associated with delinquency in the short term and operates partly through changes in self‐control. Parental pressure (psychological control) shows immediate and long‐lasting associations with delinquency through changes in self‐control and delinquent peer pressures. Decision‐making autonomy is negatively associated with delinquency in the long term, yet may exacerbate delinquency in early adolescence by increasing exposure to delinquent peers.
Childhood multiple sclerosis: A review

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is increasingly recognized as a disease that affects children. Similar to adult‐onset MS, children present with visual and sensory complaints, as well as weakness, spasticity, and ataxia. A lumbar puncture can be helpful in diagnosing MS when CSF immunoglobulins and oligoclonal bands are present. White matter demyelinating lesions on MRI are required for the diagnosis; however, children typically have fewer lesions than adults. Many criteria have been proposed to diagnose MS that have been applied to children, mostly above 10 years of age. The recent revisions to the McDonald criteria allow for earlier diagnosis, such as after a clinically isolated event. However, children are more likely than adults to have monosymptomatic illnesses. None of the approved disease‐modifying therapies used in adult‐onset MS have been approved for pediatrics; however, a few studies have verified their safety and tolerability in children. Although children and adults with MS have similar neurological symptoms, laboratory (cerebrospinal fluid) data, and neuroimaging findings, the clinical course, pathogenesis, and treatment of childhood onset MS require further investigation. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:147–156. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulus–classification and stimulus–action associations: Effects of repetition learning and durability

It has been shown that acquired stimulus–response bindings result from at least two types of associations from the stimulus to the task (stimulus–task or stimulus–classification; S–C) and from the stimulus to the motor response (stimulus–response or stimulus–action; S–A). These types of associations have been shown to independently affect behaviour. This finding suggests that they are processed in different pathways or different parts of a pathway at the neural level. Here we test a hypothesis that such associations may be differentially affected by repetition learning and that such effects may be detected by measuring their durability against overwriting. We show that both S–C and S–A associations are in fact strengthened when learning is boosted by increasing repetitions of the primes. However, the results further suggest that associations between stimuli and actions have less durable effects on behaviour and that the durability of S–C and S–A associations is independent of repetition learning. This is an important finding for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of associative learning and particularly raises the question of which processes may affect flexibility of learning.
The Development of Pure vs. Co-Occurring Externalizing and Internalizing Symptomatology in Children

The overarching goal of the present study was to test the validity of a model that proposes why some children are likely to not develop co-occurring problem behavior. Specifically, it was hypothesized that high and persistent levels of specific subtypes of internalizing (i.e., social anxiety, inhibition, and withdrawal) or externalizing symptomatology (impulsivity/hyperactivity, aggression, and anger reactivity) during middle childhood would prevent the development of co-occurring disorders during early adolescence. These issues were examined among a sample of 260 low-income boys followed from age five to twelve. Overall, the results failed to support the proposed model, that high and persistent levels of narrow-band constellations of internalizing and externalizing symptoms would prevent the development of a co-occurring disorder. Instead, the results were consistent with three prevailing theories of co-occurring disorders: 1) shared risk factors; 2) general, non-specific expression of psychopathology; and 3) heightened maladjustment.
Analysis of distributed power control under constant and time-varying delays

This work studies the distributed power control algorithm proposed in 1993 by Foschini-Miljanic, standardised for universal mobile telecommunication systems. Continuous and discrete time versions of this algorithm are analysed. First, the stability of the distributed power allocation schemes was studied, where sufficient conditions to guarantee stability and convergence to a desired quality of service were provided. In this study, the channel gains are assumed to be slowly time-varying or piece-wise constant. For closed-loop control, a proportional controller is then employed under integral action in order to achieve good tracking despite time-varying and unknown channel gains. Next, the effects of constant and time-varying time delays in the closed-loop structure are studied. Explicit stability regions for the control gains in the Foschini-Miljanic scheme are derived for both the continuous and discrete-time versions of the algorithm, under constant and time-varying delays. For time-varying scenario, the resulting stability regions do not impose limitations on the rate change of the time-varying profiles. A comprehensive evaluation using simulations is performed to validate the analytical derivations described in the paper.