Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Gait Recognition Based on Attribute Discovery

Gait recognition is an important topic in biometrics. Current works primarily focus on recognizing a single person's walking gait. However, a person's gait will change when they walk with other people. How to recognize the gait of multiple people walking is still a challenging problem. This paper proposes an attribute discovery model in a max-margin framework to recognize a person based on gait while walking with multiple people. First, human graphlets are integrated into a tracking-by-detection method to obtain a person's complete silhouette. Then, stable and discriminative attributes are developed using a latent conditional random field (L-CRF) model. The model is trained in the latent structural support vector machine (SVM) framework, in which a new constraint is added to improve the multi-gait recognition performance. In the recognition process, the attribute set of each person is detected by inferring on the trained L-CRF model. Finally, attributes based on dense trajectories are extracted as the final gait features to complete the recognition. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better recognition performance than traditional gait recognition methods under the condition of multiple people walking together.
Equation for corneal asphericity after corneal refractive surgery.

PURPOSE To determine the exact theoretical asphericity after refractive surgery when the parabolic approximation of the Munnerlyn formula is utilized. METHOD From a least-square analysis and considering the conicoid model for anterior cornea, we calculated the final asphericity (p'-factor) from the preoperative asphericity and the radii before and after surgery. RESULTS The final p'-factor is given by p'=p(R'3/R3); R' is the final radius of curvature; R is the preoperative radius; and p is the preoperative p'-factor. CONCLUSIONS This equation for postoperative asphericity may be useful in studying the influence on asphericity of different surgical variables. It allows comparisons of real asphericity with the asphericity that should theoretically result. It also explains the increased spherical aberration after refractive surgery and the deterioration of retinal image quality that some authors have found experimentally.
Seasonal electrocution fatalities in free‐range rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Shivalik hills area in northern India

The arboreal nature of rhesus macaques makes them vulnerable to electrocution from high‐voltage industrial supply as well as low‐tension domestic wires. The data on pattern of electrocution injuries and electrocution mortalities in free‐ranging rhesus macaques are rarely reported.
Effect of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program on School Day Step Counts in Children.

BACKGROUND Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming (CSPAP) has the potential to increase physical activity (PA) in children over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CSPAP on school day step counts in children. METHODS Participants were 327 fourth and fifth grade children recruited from 4 elementary schools. The study was conducted within an Interrupted Time-Series Design framework. School day step counts were collected for 5 days across preintervention and postintervention time-points (10 days total) using NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometers. Robust piecewise regression examined pre- and postintervention intercepts and slopes, and the change in these parameters using postestimation statistics. RESULTS The slope coefficient was statistically significant across preintervention (β = -105.23, P < .001) but not postintervention time-points (β = -63.23, P = .347), suggesting decreases in steps counts across preintervention and stability of step counts across postintervention school days. Postestimation statistics yielded increases in school day step counts from the end of preintervention (day 5) to the start of postintervention (day 6; t(319) = -4.72, P < . 001, Cohen's d = 4.72). CONCLUSIONS The CSPAP intervention increased average school day step counts and attenuated decreases in step counts throughout the school week in children.
Socioeconomic Aspects of Peritoneal Dialysis in North America: Role of Non Medical Factors in the Choice of Dialysis

Patients initiating dialysis therapy must make a choice between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Controversy persists over the relative merits of each modality in the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Issues relating to survival, morbidity, economics, and patient characteristics will all determine the final choice of therapy. Non medical factors are the most important determinant of dialysis modality selection. In the United States, HD has been the more commonly used modality, while PD is underrepresented. This disparity arises from multiple factors including reactions (sometimes incorrect) to the healthcare financing structure, physician biases, and changing demographic patterns in the ESRD population. We discuss these issues and present collected evidence showing that increased use of PD may have substantial overall benefit.
Submucous cleft palates presenting with a perforation.

OBJECTIVE The development of a perforation in a submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a rare occurrence, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We describe and illustrate four cases of SMCPs with a perforation in the palate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Recognition of the symptoms and signs of an SMCP should enable early diagnosis and treatment of this condition in symptomatic patients. However, in patients in whom the diagnosis has been missed or in those who have been asymptomatic, the development of a perforation may be the presenting feature of an SMCP. A history of possible trauma to the palate was found in two cases. Relatively minor trauma may cause perforation of the thin translucent central mucosa in an SMCP. In neonates, perforations surrounded by very thin mucosa may increase in size. The perforation can be closed at the same time as the SMCP repair and does not significantly alter the surgical treatment of an SMCP.
iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomic Comparison of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Tumors

Background Uveal melanoma is the most common malignancy of the adult eye. The overall mortality rate is high because this aggressive cancer often metastasizes before ophthalmic diagnosis. Quantitative proteomic analysis of primary metastasizing and non-metastasizing tumors was pursued for insights into mechanisms and biomarkers of uveal melanoma metastasis. Methods Eight metastatic and 7 non-metastatic human primary uveal melanoma tumors were analyzed by LC MS/MS iTRAQ technology with Bruch’s membrane/choroid complex from normal postmortem eyes as control tissue. Tryptic peptides from tumor and control proteins were labeled with iTRAQ tags, fractionated by cation exchange chromatography, and analyzed by LC MS/MS. Protein identification utilized the Mascot search engine and the human Uni-Prot/Swiss-Protein database with false discovery ≤ 1%; protein quantitation utilized the Mascot weighted average method. Proteins designated differentially expressed exhibited quantitative differences (p ≤ 0.05, t-test) in a training set of five metastatic and five non-metastatic tumors. Logistic regression models developed from the training set were used to classify the metastatic status of five independent tumors. Results Of 1644 proteins identified and quantified in 5 metastatic and 5 non-metastatic tumors, 12 proteins were found uniquely in ≥ 3 metastatic tumors, 28 were found significantly elevated and 30 significantly decreased only in metastatic tumors, and 31 were designated differentially expressed between metastatic and non-metastatic tumors. Logistic regression modeling of differentially expressed collagen alpha-3(VI) and heat shock protein beta-1 allowed correct prediction of metastasis status for each of five independent tumor specimens. Conclusions The present data provide new clues to molecular differences in metastatic and non-metastatic uveal melanoma tumors. While sample size is limited and validation required, the results support collagen alpha-3(VI) and heat shock protein beta-1 as candidate biomarkers of uveal melanoma metastasis and establish a quantitative proteomic database for uveal melanoma primary tumors.
Differences in genetic structure between two Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) stands

To examine the effects of forest cutting on within-population genetic structure, the genetic structure and variability of two Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) stands with contrasting histories in relation to cutting were investigated. Six hundred and sixty beech trees, covering two hectares in total, were mapped and genetically analysed using nine isozyme loci encoding eight enzyme systems. The proportion of polymorphic loci, the average number of alleles per locus, the effective number of alleles per locus, the expected heterozygosity and the observed heterozygosity were 78, 3.3, 1.31, 0.200 and 0.189, respectively, in a secondary stand (designated AK) cut during the 1920s. Corresponding figures were 78, 3.3, 1.33, 0.203 and 0.193, respectively, in a primary stand designated KU. The inbreeding coefficient and the grand mean of the number of alleles in common (NAC) were 0.055 and 1.684 in AK, and 0.042 and 1.649 in KU, respectively. The genetic variability was slightly but significantly lower in AK. The genetic structure of the two stands was strikingly different. The proportions of positively significant Moran’s I and SND values found in the shortest distance class were 0.86 and 0.38 for AK, and 0.14 and 0.29 for KU, respectively. Furthermore, significant linkage disequilibrium was observed in AK, but none at all in KU. To examine which, if any, differences in the genetic structure would be likely to influence succeeding generations, we simulated a self-thinning process. The simulation suggested that reduced genetic variability and linkage disequilibrium would have significant influence in the AK stand for several generations.
Transcriptome-wide gene regulation by gentle treadmill walking during the progression of monoiodoacetate-induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Physiotherapies are the most widely recommended conservative treatment for arthritic diseases. The present study was undertaken to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of gentle treadmill walking (GTW) on various stages of monoiodoacetate-induced arthritis (MIA) to elucidate the basis for the success or failure of such therapies in joint damage. METHODS Knees were obtained from untreated control rats, rats with MIA that did not undergo GTW, rats with MIA in which GTW regimens were started 1 day post-MIA induction, and rats with MIA in which GTW regimens were started after cartilage damage had progressed to grade 1 or grade 2. The cartilage was examined macroscopically, microscopically, and by microfocal computed tomography imaging. Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis was performed, and microarray data were assessed by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis to identify molecular functional networks regulated by GTW. RESULTS GTW intervention started on day 1 post-MIA induction significantly prevented the progression of MIA, but its efficacy was reduced when implemented on knees exhibiting close to grade 1 cartilage damage. GTW accelerated cartilage damage in knees with close to grade 2 damage. Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that GTW intervention started 1 day post-MIA inception significantly suppressed inflammation-associated genes and up-regulated matrix-associated gene networks. However, delayed GTW intervention after grade 1 damage had occurred was less effective in suppressing proinflammatory genes or up-regulating matrix synthesis. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that GTW suppresses proinflammatory gene networks and up-regulates matrix synthesis to prevent progression of cartilage damage in MIA-affected knees. However, the extent of cartilage damage at the initiation of GTW may be an important determinant of the success or failure of such therapies.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in surgically treated type-A aortic dissection patients

Abstract Objectives. Surgically treated type-A aortic dissection patients are often restricted from physical exercise due to a lack of knowledge about the blood pressure increase. Our aims were to evaluate the hemodynamic responses during exercise, and to assess changes in peak oxygen uptake, maximal workload, and quality-of-life after completion of an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Design. Three subgroups were retrospectively identified based on their different eligibility criteria. Group I (n = 10) had performed an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program including exercise tests. Group II (n = 9) had followed the program without the tests. Group III (n = 10) had neither been rehabilitated nor tested. For evaluation of hemodynamic parameters, we included a group of surgically treated patients with aortic valve stenosis, group IV (n = 32). Questionnaires were obtained to measure quality-of-life. Results. At baseline the group I and IV mean systolic blood pressure changed from 143 ± 16 mmHg and 150 ± 16 mmHg to 200 ± 32 mmHg and 213 ± 27 mmHg, respectively. The group I mean peak oxygen uptake changed from 23.5 ± 7.9 ml/min/kg before rehabilitation to 28.6 ± 8.4 ml/min/kg, p = . 001, after rehabilitation. The mean maximal workload changed from 143 ± 80 W before rehabilitation to 178 ± 97 W, p = . 003, after rehabilitation. At follow-up, the groups I-III physical quality-of-life score was 45.1 ± 15.0, 40.0 ± 9.0, and 30.0 ± 11.3, p < . 025, respectively, and the mental quality-of-life score was 51.1 ± 6, 41.7 ± 6.7, and 32.5 ± 13.3, p < . 001, respectively. Conclusions. Our results suggest that type-A aortic dissection patients have hemodynamic responses to exercise that are comparable to other cardiovascular patients. Moreover, we found significant increases in peak oxygen uptake, maximal workload, and quality-of-life after ended ECR.
Are old-age security and the utility of children in rural India really unimportant?

Abstract Extract In their recent paper in this journal M. and Carol Vlassoff are to be commended for helping to remedy the dearth of empirical studies on the old-age security motive for children (and particularly sons) in rural areas of developing countries. (1) However, while the questionnaire which they applied to 357 ever-married men in a rural village in Maharashtra state in India is potentially useful, several of the conclusions they derive from it are unwarranted and, if left unquestioned, would undoubtedly have the effect of setting back the serious investigation of the effects of this motive rather than furthering it. The invalid or at least questionable inferences are taken up one at a time in the order of their appearance:
The Impact of Radio-Frequency Interference on WindSat Ocean Surface Observations

To study the effects of radio-frequency interference (RFI) on remote sensing data, we examined five years of WindSat ocean observations from regions affected by reflected X-band emissions from geostationary communication satellites. We compared measured brightness temperatures to modeled brightness temperatures obtained using mitigated retrievals as input to the WindSat parameterized radiative transfer model, demonstrating a considerable contribution to the radiometric measurements from interference. Comparisons of potentially contaminated retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and wind direction with surface reanalyses confirmed that the presence of RFI can bias retrievals while also increasing retrieval uncertainty. Mitigation removed most of the biases. The quality of mitigated SST and wind speed retrievals was comparable to uncontaminated retrievals; however, the performance of first-rank wind directions was noticeably degraded. Recommendations are given on the use of contaminated and mitigated data, from radiance assimilation to climate studies.
Running title : Iron scavengers trigger immunity in Arabidopsis 1 2 Corresponding author :

223 words) 64 65 Siderophores are specific ferric iron chelators synthesized by virtually all micro66 organisms in response to iron deficiency. We have previously shown that they promote 67 infection by the phytopathogenic enterobacteria Dickeya dadantii and Erwinia amylovora 68 Siderophores have also the ability to activate plant immunity. We have used CATMA 69 microarrays to investigate the global transcriptional modifications in roots and leaves of 70 Arabidopsis plants following leaf treatment with the siderophore deferrioxamine (DFO). 71 Physiological relevance of these transcriptional modifications was validated 72 experimentally. Immunity and heavy metal homeostasis appeared as the major processes 73 affected by DFO. These two physiological responses could be activated by a synthetic 74 iron chelator EDDHA indicating that siderophores eliciting activities rely on their strong 75 iron chelating capacity. DFO was able to protect Arabidopsis against the pathogenic 76 bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Siderophore treatment caused local 77 modifications of iron distribution in leaf cells visible by Perls’–DAB-H2O2 staining. 78 Metal quantifications showed that DFO causes a transient iron and zinc uptake at the root 79 level presumably mediated by the metal transporter IRT1. Defense gene expression and 80 callose deposition in response to DFO were compromised in an irt1 mutant. Consistently, 81 plant susceptibility to Dickeya dadantii was increased in the irt1 mutant. Our work shows 82 that iron scavenging is a new mechanism of immunity activation in plants. It highlights 83 the strong relationship between heavy metal homeostasis and immunity. 84 www.plantphysiol. org on July 19, 2017 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 2014 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.
Genetics and physiology of Acinetobacter.

INTRODUCTION 350 TAXONOMY 350 ECOLOGY 352 GENETICS 353 Trans/ormation 353 Transduction 353 Conjugation 354 Mapping Studies 354 PHYSIOLOGY . 354 Growth and Nutrition 354 Pathways for Glucose and Pentose Dissimilation 355 Enzymes of the Tricarboxylic Acid and Glyoxylate Cycles 356 Malic Enzymes and Metabolism of C4"Dicarboxylic Acids 357 Dissimilatory Pathways 358 Aromatic compounds 358 Hydrocarbons 360 Alicyclic compounds 361 2,3-Butanediol 361 Electron Transport Pathways . 362 Extracellular Hydrolytic Enzymes 363 BIOSYNTHESIS . 363 Gluconeogenesis . 363 Nitrogen Assimilation and Utilization 364 Amino Acid Biosynthesis 365 Tryptophan 365 Branched-chain amino acids 365 Nucleic Acid Metabolism 366 Cell Envelopes and Surface Structures 366 CONCLUDING REMARKS 367
Demodulation of 4×4 MIMO signal using single RF

Beam switching in the receiving antenna generates replicas in frequency domain, which enables MIMO decoding by using just single RF. It is fascinating to demodulate MIMO signals using single RF, which relieves the volume expansion by MIMO. However, this scheme has not been verified through a test-bed especially in 4×4 MIMO case. This paper presents test results of 4×4 MIMO receiver using single RF chain and beam switching antenna. Test results show the constellation and SNR of decoded 4×4 MIMO signal. When beam switching scheme applies, measured SNR was 12.95 dB on average and 17.85 dB at its maximum. This scheme can apply to massive MIMO system which requires quite a number of antennas and RF circuits.
Intensity, idiosyncratic content and functional impact of performance-related emotions in athletes

Abstract The aims of this study were: (a) to assess the possibility of applying in athletes an idiographic scaling procedure within the IZOF-emotion model framework; (b) to determine the effects of differences in intensity on idiosyncratic emotions and bodily-somatic symptoms by competitive standard; (c) to establish the effects of differences in intensity, direction and hedonic tone on competitive trait anxiety and self-confidence by competitive standard; and (d) to verify whether intensity, direction and hedonic tone of competitive trait anxiety and self-confidence would predict idiosyncratic affect intensity. Elite and non-elite Italian athletes (n=374) were asked to identify beneficial/detrimental and positive/negative emotions and bodily-somatic symptoms related to performance. They were also asked to respond to a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, rating items in intensity, direction and hedonic tone. The results supported incorporating affect-related bodily-somatic symptom descriptors in the idiosyncratic assessment of emotions. Compared with non-elite performers, elite athletes reported: (a) higher intensity scores of idiosyncratic facilitating-positive emotions and bodily-somatic symptoms; (b) lower cognitive and somatic anxiety and higher self-confidence; and (c) higher directional and hedonic tone. Finally, trait anxiety and self-confidence revealed a low predictive power on idiosyncratic emotion and bodily-somatic symptoms.
Electronic scholarly monographs: issues and challenges for the UK

The literature on electronic publishing reveals that scant attention has been paid to the area of scholarly monographs. This paper reports on a recent and rare investigation into the nature and provision of electronic scholarly monographs and textbooks in the UK. Publishing structures are delineated; the physical characteristics of electronic scholarly monographs are reviewed; and issues associated with their nature and content are discussed. Problems of bibliographical control and of quality are also explored.
Interpreting risk-adjusted length of stay patterns for VA hospitals.

OBJECTIVES The Veterans Health System must become more competitive with the private sector in terms of efficiency of care. Studies have shown significantly longer lengths-of-stay (LOS) in facilities operated by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) compared with private sector facilities. Most comparisons, however, have not controlled well for casemix differences or have involved small numbers of patients. The aims of this study were: (1) controlling for casemix, to accurately measure the degree by which average length of stay in Veterans Affairs facilities exceeds that of private sector hospitals and (2) to demonstrate a methodology with which individual VA facilities can identify clinical and demographic subgroups of patients associated with the higher length-of-stay averages. METHODS Subjects of the study were Veterans Health System patients hospitalized during 1991-1993 and veteran respondents to the 1991 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Hospitals' mean length of stay adjusted for patients' diagnosis related groups, severity, demographics, and travel distances were measured. RESULTS Veterans Affairs medical centers' average risk-adjusted length of stay was 36% higher (8.9 days compared with 6.5 days) than that of the private sector. For individual hospitals, relative length-of-stay efficiency typically varied by condition. Among 14 hospitals in the VA's midwest region, none were high risk-adjusted length-of-stay outliers in all conditions studied, and four were high outliers for some conditions and low outliers for others. CONCLUSIONS Controlling for differences in patient demographic and clinical factors, Veterans Affairs medical centers consumed significantly more days of care than private sector hospitals. Veterans Affairs medical centers will be able to improve efficiency by identifying specific subgroups of patients whose clinical treatment should be examined.