Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of fermented dairy ingredients as flavor enhancers for bread

Optimal conditions for the preparation of concentrated fermented dairy ingredients for bread are presented. The inoculation of an equal mixture of milk and whey (20% dairy solids) with Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus gave good flavor development, without off-flavor, after 16 hr of fermentation, but best results were obtained after 24 hr. Incorporation of second patent wheat flour in the growth medium had a marked buffering effect and led to a higher total titratable acidity (TTA). Best results were obtained with whole wheat flour (30% w/v), which further increased TTA as well as flavor formation, especially at 38 o C. Partially replacing L. casei with L. helveticus and Streptococcus thermophilus (4% for each culture), followed by growth at 38 or 42 o C, gave higher TTA and higher levels of lactic acid and diacetyl (only at 42 o C). Compared to bread made without dairy solids, bread prepared with fermented dairy ingredients was mostly characterized by its higher content in lactic acid, ethanol, and diacetyl. Its aroma was described as pleasant (cheese-type) and more intense than that of the control. Fermented dairy ingredients can be dried and used as flavor enhancers (1-2%, db) in breadmaking processes with short fermentation periods or used as sourdough bases (up to ∼10%, db)
Examining the health status of Asian immigrants in Canada

This study examined the health status of Asian immigrants, and mammogram and Pap smear use among Asian immigrant women, using data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 2.1. It shows that Asian immigrants were in better health than non-immigrants, with respect to chronic conditions, but were disadvantaged in terms of their self-perceived health. Non-Asian immigrants had patterns similar to non-immigrants in terms of chronic conditions, but were also disadvantaged with respect to self-perceived health. Socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors did not explain the differences between non-immigrants and Asian and non-Asian immigrants. Asian immigrant women had low rates of mammogram and Pap smear use compared with nonimmigrant women. Non-Asian immigrant women had significantly lower rates of Pap smear use than non-immigrant women, but had patterns similar to non-immigrant women in mammography use. While language is an important barrier to mammogram use for many Asian immigrant women, a perceived lack of necessity and lack of time are major barriers to Pap smear use. The study suggests that additional research is needed to explore the health effect of factors such as culture and the immigration experience in general, which were not considered in this study. Targeted efforts should be made to promote screenings in Asian immigrant women.
Registered nurses' experiences of work-related stress in nursing situations at a somatic ward

Nursing is considered a stressful occupation. The individual can feel stress because of job demands and work-related stress is a factor that influences the employee when the working demands increase. Studies’ regarding work-related stress in the nursing profession has been conducted in many countries and is of great concern. However the issue has not attracted that much attention in Sweden within the Swedish health care. The aim was to illuminate registered nurses’ experiences of work-related stress in nursing situations at a somatic ward. The method was an empirical interview study with a qualitative approach, and four registered nurses were interviewed. The material was analysed after Krippendorff´s content analysis and resulted in four categories and nine sub categories.
Proficiency The Effect of Training and Development on Employee Attitude as it Relates to Training and Work

It is incumbent on training and development professionals to design, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of their programs in reducing disputes in workplace performance. This study explores the relationships between training experiences and attitudes and attitudes about perceived job proficiency. In a sample of 237 full-time salaried/exempt and hourly/nonexempt employees from one academic institution and three businesses in the states of Maryland, Delaware, and Arizona, the author finds a direct relationship between one’s positive training experiences and attitudes and one’s proficiency. In this study, 86.8% of those who had updated training had the most positive attitudes toward training (γ = .293, p < .05). Furthermore, 80% of those who had negative training attitudes also had negative views on their proficiency (γ = .465, p < .000).
Assessment of phosphorus retention in irrigation laterals

Irrigation laterals transport irrigation return flow, including water, sediment, and dissolved nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), back to surface water bodies. Phosphorus transformations during transport can affect both P bioavailability and the best management practices selected to minimize P inputs to waters of the United States. The objective of this study was to determine P retention in three irrigation laterals. Soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in lateral waters were increased from 0.08 to 0.25 mg L−1 (0.08 to 0.25 ppm) by constantly injecting a phosphate (PO4) solution for 2.5 hours. Bromide (Br) was used as a conservative tracer to determine dilution effects. Water was sampled at 10-minute intervals, beginning 30 minutes prior to injection and 120 minutes following injection, at one upstream location and various downstream locations to approximately 1,550 m (~1 mi) from injection sites. When at steady state, SRP concentrations only decreased by 5% over the lengths studied, equating to P uptake lengths of over 18 km (11.2 mi), which was one to two orders of magnitude greater than natural streams; the linear SRP uptake rate was 0.011 mg L−1 km−1 (0.018 ppm mi−1). Longer P uptake lengths and lower uptake rates in irrigation laterals, as compared to natural streams, may be due to the elevated sediment equilibrium P concentration, greater water velocities, and removal of vegetation causing a reduction in frictional resistance. Reducing water velocities should optimize irrigation lateral conditions to reduce uptake length and maximize P uptake.
Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease

Four non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes were announced by World Health Organization (WHO) as the major causes of mortality in the world in 2008(Alwan, 2008). According to WHO prediction, in the next 10 years, mortality rate caused by NCDs will increase by 17 percent with the highest mortality rate in the regions of Africa (27 percent) and Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO, 25 percent) (Alwan, 2008). Fortunately more than 80 percent of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence and almost one third of cancers could be prevented with appropriate interventions to reduce the effect of risk factors (Alwan, 2008). Dyslipidemia, as a risk factor of CVD, is manifested by elevation or attenuation of plasma concentration of lipoproteins. Several methods have been used to classify the lipoproteins in respect to their density, physical, and chemical properties. Based on these classifications, different types of lipoproteins, including chylomicrones, IDL1, VLDL2, LDL3, and HDL4, and apolipoproteins (Apo), including Apo A, Apo B, Apo C, and Apo E, have been introduced. Generally, dyslipidemia is defined as the total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, apo B or Lp (a) levels above the 90th percentile or HDL and apo A levels below the 10th percentile of the general population (Dobsn et al., 1996). CVD is the most common health problem worldwide. This disease is often manifested as coronary heart disease (CHD). According to the international reports, mortality of CHD in the developed countries is expected to reach almost 29 percent in women and 48 percent in men in years 1990-2020. These figures have been estimated to increase by 120 percent in women and 137 percent in men (Thom et al., 1998) in the developing countries. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CHD. According to recent epidemiological studies, hypercholesterolemia and possibly coronary atherosclerosis are suggested as the sole risk factors of ischemic stroke. The results of a meta-analysis of 10 large cohort studies (Law et al., 1994) showed that for each 0.6 mmol/l reduction in serum cholesterol levels in
of professional string players : Is this an example of natural selection ? Assessment of the presence of independent flexor digitorum superficialis function in the small fingers

This study estimated the prevalence of independent flexor digitorum superficialis function in the small fingers of 90 violin and viola players. The hypothesis tested was that the independent digital movements required in this population would select out those with absent flexor digitorum superficialis function. Professional string players were tested clinically, using standard and modified tests, for flexor digitorum superficialis function. Two additional physical tests were applied: the gap and stretch tests. These tests assess ring finger movement once the small finger is placed and the instrument is held in the chin-hold position. A statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of absent flexor digitorum superficialis function was confirmed in the musicians compared with a control group and published meta-analysis. This suggests that independent flexor digitorum superficialis function is important for professional musicians playing at an elite level.
MEDIATORS OF IgE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS: AN IN VITRO STUDY OF MEDIATORS CAUSING CONTRACTION OF RABBIT PULMONARY ARTERY

Rabbits were immunized such that antibodies of the IgE class were preferentially produced. Normal rabbit pul­ monary artery sections were challenged with supernatant from antigen-treated sensitized blood cells in the presence of antagonists. The hypothesis is that mediators capable of contracting pulmonary arteries are released from blood cells when blood cells are challenged with antigen. Possible mediators are histamine, serotonin, indomethacin and LTD^. Chlorpheniramine (2.6 x 10~5M) with methysergide (1 x 10~^M) produced a one-hundred-twenty-fold inhibition of contrac­ tion. Chlorpheniramine with FPL-55712 (1 x 10"~^M) did not significantly alter the response seen with chlorpheniramine alone. When supernatant obtained from sensitized blood cells pretreated with 1 x 10~5 indomethacin was used to challenge muscle rings in the presence of chlorpheniramine the response was also not significantly different from re­ sponse seen with chlorpheniramine alone. Histamine con­ tracted pulmonary artery. Chlorpheniramine (2.6 x 10~^M) inhibited the response six-hundred-fold. Serotonin also contracted pulmonary artery. Methysergide (10"^M) blocked the response seven-hundred-fold.
Assessment of risk factors of multidrug resistant tuberculosis with emphasis on serum zinc

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin and considered as a major threat to TB control worldwide. Limited data are available regarding risk factors and serum zinc status of MDR-TB in Bangladesh. Tuberculosis is a disease which blocks a key part of the body’s immune defense. As zinc deficiency causes immune suppression, we assume that it may play a role in the development of MDR-TB. So, this study was carried out to evaluate and assess the serum zinc level as well as different risk factors in patients of MDR-TB. This case control study was carried out in the Department of Clinical Pathology, in collaboration with Department of Public Health and Informatics, Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU and National tuberculosis referral laboratory (NTRL) in NIDCH, Mohakhali, Dhaka from March’ 2012 to February 2013.We enrolled 50 newly diagnosed cases of MDR-TB patients from NTRL and 50 age matched healthycontrols from a selective community Sirajdikhan Upazilla, Munshiganj District. The two groups were compared based on various demographic factors, behavioral factors, factors related with personal illness history and also laboratory related factors. Serum zinc deficiency, changing trend of number of family members, presence of smoking history, absence of BCG scar and past history of contact TB were statistically significant risk factors for development of MDR-TB in logistic regression model. In our study, we found the mean (SD) serum zinc level in case group 60.40 (8.91) μg/dL and 84.00 (13.62) μg/dL in healthy controls which was significant statistically. The risk factors that we found, specially lower level of serum zinc, are the major concern for the development of MDR-TB and attempt to minimize them might contribute to control TB DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1. 21368 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 3-8
Reviewing the roots of continuum formulations in molecular systems. Part I: Particle dynamics, statistical physics, mass and linear momentum balance equations

The link between atomistic quantities and continuum fields has been the subject of research for at least half a century. Nevertheless, there are still many open questions and misleading discussions in the literature. Therefore, based on the fundamental principles of classical mechanics and statistical physics we construct the basic framework for the link between the atomistic and continuum worlds. In doing so, considerable attention is paid to the central force decomposition and multi-body potentials, balance of angular momentum for the system of particles and its relationship to the extended third Newton axiom and the difference between the theorem of change of kinetic energy and the energy balance law. A number of general theorems related to the convolution properties of statistically averaged quantities, as well as their rates are also proven. These theorems make the derivation of balance equations far simpler when compared to the approaches used by others. Such theorems also make the link between space–time averaging and space–probability averaging more transparent. In this contribution the balance laws of mass and linear momentum are derived. The remaining balance laws of angular momentum and energy as well as the particular forms of fluxes, such as the stress, are discussed in the follow-up contributions of this series.
Sentiment and Momentum

This paper sheds empirical light on whether sentiment affects the profitability of price momentum strategies. We hypothesize that news that contradicts investors’ sentiment causes cognitive dissonance, which slows the diffusion of signals that oppose the direction of sentiment. This phenomenon tends to cause underpricing of losers under optimism and underpricing of winners under pessimism. While the latter phenomenon can be corrected by arbitrage buying, short-selling constraints impede arbitraging of losers under optimism, causing momentum to be stronger in optimistic periods. Our empirical analysis supports this argument by showing that momentum profits arise only under optimism, and are driven principally by strong momentum in losing stocks. This result survives a host of robustness checks including controls for market returns, firm size and analyst following. An analysis of net order flows from small and large trades indicates that small (but not large) investors are slow to sell losers during optimistic periods. Momentum-based hedge portfolios formed during optimistic periods experience long-run reversals.
A Multi-Centre Study of Adults with Learning Disabilities 1 Running head: ADULTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES AND OFFENDING A Multi-Centre Study of Adults with Learning Disabilities Referred to Services for Antisocial or Offending Behaviour: Demographic, Individual, Offending and Service Characteristi

The current study was carried out as part of a larger study commissioned by the UK Department of Health to investigate the service pathways for offenders with learning disabilities (LD). The study covered three health regions in the UK and included 477 people with LD referred to services because of antisocial or offending behaviour during a 12-month period. Data were collected concerning demographic, individual, offending behaviour and service characteristics. The study findings are broadly consistent with contemporary research concerning this population, particularly in relation to the nature and frequency of offending, history of offending, psychopathology, age and gender distribution. However, very few of those referred had any form of structured care plan, despite having significant offending histories, and this may have compromised early identification of their needs and communication between the health, social and other services involved.
A Maturity Model for Digital Literacies and Sustainable Development

As the world becomes increasingly digitized, a key aspect of digitization is the notion of “digital inclusion,” the empowerment of individuals through digital participation, as enabled through the functional, socio-economic, and transformational dimensions of digital literacies. This chapter recounts the role of digital literacies in supporting participative and therefore sustainable development. Taking a historical, development perspective, this chapter describes a digital literacies maturity model (DLMM) to examine the relationship between knowledge societies, digital inclusion, and digital literacies. This model combines the World Bank's four knowledge policy pillars with the four stages of digital development to link digital policies with socio-economic wellbeing and serves as a framework for the creation of sustainable knowledge societies.
THE STATUS OF LEU U-Mo FUEL INVESTIGATION IN THE MIR REACTOR

The paper presents the results of post irradiation examinations of low-enriched UMo fuel irradiated in the MIR reactor under the RERTR program. At present, the reactor testing of mini fuel pins with solid U-Mo fuel and an IRT-type full size fuel assembly with fuel pins is being continued in the MIR reactor. The preliminary results of post irradiation examinations of IRT-M full size fuel assemblies with tubular fuel elements and IRT-U FA with fuel pins irradiated to an average U-235 burnup of ~ 40%, as well as mini pins with modified dispersed fuel, different Si content (2-13%) in a matrix and protective layers on fuel particles in the form of ZrN and oxidized layer were obtained.
Experience rating and credibility

Let me begin with some practical examples of experience rating. a) Swiss Automobile Tariff 1963 — Within each tariff-position there are 22 grades: — The new owner of a car starts at grade 9 — The basic premium is determined on the basis of objective characteristics of the risk and essentially depends on the horse-power classification of the car — The 22 grades are experience-rated as follows: For each accident one rises three grades and for each accident-free year one falls one grade. A driver who has I accident in every 4 years hence remains within four adjacent grades. b) Sliding Scale Premiums in Reinsurance Excess of Loss Contracts often stipulate that: The rate of premium to be applied to the subject premium volume is determined at the end of the cover period as follows: subject to a minimum of 0,04 and a maximum of 0,08 c) Participation in Mortality Profit in Group Life Insurance A group life insurance covers the members of the group on a one year term basis. It is often agreed that at the end of the year mortality profits are given back to the group according to the formula refund = x% gross premiums — y% claims (where x < y) All these examples fall under the heading “Experience Rating”. What do they have in common? Definition: A system by which the premium of the individual risk depends upon the claims experience of this same individual risk.
A robotic approach to investigate motor learning during rat forelimb movements

Animal models are widely used to explore the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor control and learning. However, current experimental paradigms allow only limited control over task difficulty and cannot provide detailed information on forelimb kinematics and dynamics. Here we propose a novel robotic device for use in motor learning investigations with rats. The compact, highly transparent, three degree-of-freedom manipulandum is capable of rendering nominal forces of 2 N to guide or perturb rat forelimb movements, while providing objective and quantitative assessments of endpoint motor performance in a 50×30 mm(2) planar workspace. Preliminary experiments with six healthy rats show that the animals can be familiarized with the experimental setup and are able to grasp and manipulate the end-effector of the robot. Further, dynamic perturbations and guiding force fields (i.e., haptic tunnels) rendered by the device had significant influence on rat motor behavior (ANOVA, ). This approach opens up new research avenues for future characterizations of motor learning stages, both in healthy and in stroke models. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2013. 2240014 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-84741 Accepted Version Originally published at: Vigaru, Bogdan C; Lambercy, Olivier; Schubring-Giese, Maximilian; Hosp, Jonas A; Schneider, Melanie; Osei-Atiemo, Clement; Luft, Andreas R; Gassert, Roger (2013). A robotic platform to assess, guide and perturb rat forelimb movements. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 21(5):796-805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2013. 2240014