Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active School Lesson Breaks Increase Daily Vigorous Physical Activity, but Not Daily Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Elementary School Boys.

PURPOSE Brief classroom-based episodes of physical activity (active lesson breaks, ALBs) have improved schoolchildren's classroom behaviors in some studies, and may also increase the likelihood of children meeting the recommended daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, there is emerging evidence that increases in physical activity at particular times of the day may lead to compensatory declines at other times. This study explored evidence for compensatory declines in response to a 10 min ALB during the school day. METHOD Thirty-eight 12-year-old boys from a single elementary school completed intervention and control conditions in a cross-over design, with each phase lasting one week. The intervention consisted of a single 10-min active lesson break delivered on each of three days in the intervention week. Twenty-four hour accelerometry was used to quantify moderate and vigorous physical activity. RESULTS ALBs increased in-school MVPA by 5.8 min (p < .0001), but overall daily MVPA was similar between intervention and control conditions (77.2 vs 77.4 min/d, p > .05), However, vigorous physical activity increased significantly over the whole day (11.2 vs 8.9 min, p = .0006). CONCLUSION A brief episode of classroom-based play led to a modest increase in vigorous physical activity in elementary school students, but did not increase MVPA across the day.
Simple sequence repeat markers and physiological characterization of some local Tunisian barley accessions

The genetic variation and relationships among 13 local barleys and the variety Martin were evaluated using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and physiological traits. The molecular study showed that a total of 43 bands were generated by 15 SSR primers, with an average of 2.6 easily detectable bands per primer. Of these 43 fragments, only 39 (90.7%) were polymorphic among the 14 barleys studied. Within-accessions genetic variation dissimilarity ranged from 15% to 77.78% of the total. The important dissimilarities were observed between East-Northern accessions and Southern ones, whereas the variety Martin showed low dissimilarity with the East Northern ones. Cluster analysis indicated that most of the accessions could be clustered into groups, which basically coincided with their geographical distribution. Also, physiological results indicated geographic information. Although comparison of physiological and molecular data using the Mantel test indicated a low correlation (r = 0.276), both methods showed a high degree of variation among analyzed accessions, indicating an important source of genetic diversity that can be used in future breeding programs.
Neural network analysis to predict treatment outcome in patients with ovarian cancer

The traditional technique to model survival probabilities is the Cox regression analysis [Cox and Oakes, 1984]. Recently, also neural networks have been ap­ plied for survival analysis and the prediction of prognosis in cancer treatment [Liest01 K, 1994]. The main advantages of the neural network approach are the relative ease with which time dependencies in prognostic factors can be obtained, the improved prediction performance on independent test data for large numbers of input parameters [Kappen and Neijt, 1993]' and the poten­ tial to model non-linear relations using hidden units. Although this last point has only been established on artificial data [De Laurentiis and Ravdin, 1994]' it probably constitutes the most important difference for future applications. Neural networks are different from Cox's survival analysis in both the cost criterion that is optimized, the data model that is being used, and the treatment of censored patients. In this paper we analyze the differences between the two approaches theoretically. In addition, we illustrate the time dependent influence of the prognostic factors on a data base of 917 patients on patients with ovarian cancer. 1 Real World Computing Partnership 2Dutch Foundation for Neural Networks
Predicting Performance on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Written Examination Using Resident Self-Assessment Examination Scores.

BACKGROUND Studies across medical specialties have shown that scores on residency self-assessment examinations (SAEs) can predict performance on certifying board examinations. OBJECTIVE This study explored the predictive abilities of different composite SAE scores in physical medicine and rehabilitation and determined an optimal cut-point to identify an "at-risk" performance group. METHODS For our study, both predictive scores (SAE scores) and outcomes (board examination scores) are expressed in national percentile scores. We analyzed data in graduates of a physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program between 2008 and 2014. We compared mean, median, lowest, highest, and most recent score among up to 3 SAE scores with respect to their associations with the outcome via linear and logistic regression. We computed regression/correlation coefficient, P value, R (2), area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Identification of optimal cut-point was guided by accuracy, discrimination, and model-fit statistics. RESULTS Predictor and outcome data were available for 88 of 99 residents. In regression models, all SAE predictors showed significant associations (P ≤ .001) and the mean score performed best (r = 0.55). A 1-point increase in mean SAE was associated with a 1.88 score increase in board score and a 16% decrease in odds of failure. The rule of mean SAE score below 47 yielded the highest accuracy, highest discrimination, and best model fit. CONCLUSIONS Mean SAE score may be used to predict performance on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-written examination. The optimal statistical cut-point to identify the at-risk group for failure appears to be around the 47th SAE national percentile.
Ethical conflicts and the process of reflection in undergraduate nursing students in Brazil

Background: Nursing students on clinical placements as part of their professional training are routinely faced with situations involving ethical conflicts. The initial act of perceiving a situation as causing an ethical dilemma is the result of both the students’ personal values, drawn from their culture and families, and of the professional knowledge and values that they have acquired through training and experience. Objectives: Nursing students’ experiences on clinical placements in primary care settings were investigated in order to identify situations that they perceived as involving ethical conflict and describe the elements they took into consideration during their decision-making processes in these situations. Methods: The research design was qualitative descriptive case study. Around 50 students from three different intakes to a nursing degree answered a questionnaire and discussed it in focus groups. Ethical considerations: The study was designed in accordance with the principles guiding research with human beings and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee. Results: Synthesised into two principal axes: (a) ethical conflicts in primary care, linked with the domains of working processes, professional nursing ethics and human and social rights and (b) students’ decision-making processes – realisation, reflection and intervention. Conclusion: The student nurses saw themselves both as actors and spectators in situations involving ethical problems and demanding moral deliberation, demonstrating the ability to base their arguments soundly. They tended to emphasise the possibilities offered by dialogue and that different ethical values must be respected to find fair solutions to ethical problems.
On conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups of finite simple groups, and a related zeta function

We prove that the number of conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups of bounded order in a finite group of Lie type of bounded rank is bounded. For exceptional groups this solves a longstanding open problem. The proof uses, among other tools, some methods from Geometric Invariant Theory. Using this result we provide a sharp bound for the total number of conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups of Lie type groups of fixed rank, drawing conclusions regarding the behaviour of the corresponding ‘zeta function’ ζG(s) = ∑ M maxG |G : M | −s, which appears in many probabilistic applications. More specifically, we are able to show that for simple groups G and for any fixed real number s > 1, ζG(s) → 0 as |G| → ∞. This confirms a conjecture made in [27]. We also apply these results to prove the conjecture made in [29] that the symmetric group Sn has n o(1) conjugacy classes of primitive maximal subgroups. 2000 Mathematics Classification Numbers: 20E28, 20G15, 20D06.
Lumière sur le développement de la production de langage non-littéral en L2. Pour une comparaison avec l'acquisition des langues maternelles

Le langage non-litteral (expressions idiomatiques, metaphores, metonymies, etc.) se revele etre tres present dans nos conversations de la vie de tous les jours. Contrairement a ce que l’on pourrait penser, l’utilisation du langage figure ne revet pas exclusivement une fonction ornementale : au contraire, la linguistique cognitive a montre que le langage non-litteral est le reflet d’un certain nombre de concepts que nous abordons de maniere metaphorique (Gibbs, 1995 ; Gibbs et Tendhal, 2006 ; Lakoff et Johnson, 1980 ; et Sperber et Wilson, 1986/1995). En lien avec cet ancrage theorique, un certain nombre de chercheurs se sont interesses au domaine de l’apprentissage et de l’enseignement des langues secondes. Ils ont propose des strategies d’enseignement afin de garantir un apprentissage de la langue le plus complet possible et ont surtout etudie les competences non-litterales des apprenants en reception (Andreou et al., 2009 ; Boers, 2000 ; Boers et Lindstromberg, 2009; Cooper, 1998 et 1999 ; Komur et Cimen, 2009 ; Kosciuk, 2003 ; et Lennon, 1998). En revanche, tres peu de didacticiens se sont interroges sur les capacites des apprenants a produire du non-litteral dans une langue etrangere a l’exception de Littlemore et al. (2014), MacArthur (2010) et Nacey (2013). Afin de corroborer le travail de ces chercheuses, ce travail de these s’interesse au developpement du langage figuratif chez des apprenants de langue seconde tout en proposant une comparaison avec son acquisition en langue maternelle. Dans le but d’avoir une premiere idee de la facon dont ces deux types de sujets manient le non-litteral, j’analyse tout d’abord le discours d’une petite fille de nationalite anglaise filmee a intervalles reguliers entre l’âge d’un an et quatre ans, puis j’examine les productions ecrites en anglais d’apprenants francophones. J’observe ensuite les productions non-litterales d’enfants natifs anglophones âges de 7, 11 et 15 ans, d’apprenants francophones en classe de seconde, premiere annee de licence d’anglais et deuxieme annee de master d’anglais, et enfin, d’un groupe controle d’adultes anglophones en interactions semi-guidees. Les resultats de ces differentes analyses revelent de nombreux points communs entre les productions figuratives des enfants natifs anglophones et des apprenants francophones. La principale difference entre ces sujets se situe au niveau de la proportion de formes figuratives produites (croissante chez les enfants, mais constante chez les apprenants), de la proportion de formes figuratives conventionnelles produites (croissante chez les apprenants, mais constante chez les enfants) et de la forte proportion de formes deviantes chez les apprenants. Ces formes proviennent principalement d’une carence en ressources lexicales de la langue etrangere et d’expressions figuratives du francais que les apprenants ont souhaite transposer en anglais. Cette these propose un ensemble d’implications pedagogiques pour la classe de langue dans le but de remedier a ces difficultes.
Cerebral infarctions and the likelihood of dementia from Alzheimer disease pathology

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The effect of cerebral infarctions on the likelihood of dementia from AD pathology is not well understood. Methods: The study included 153 deceased Catholic clergy who participated in the Religious Orders Study. Annual evaluations, including 19 tests of cognitive function, were performed to determine a diagnosis of dementia and level of cognitive abilities proximate to death. At autopsy, neuritic and diffuse plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were counted and combined into a standardized summary measure of AD pathology. Number, volume, side, and distribution of old macroscopic infarctions were recorded. Analyses included logistic and linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and education. Results: The AD pathology score ranged from 0 to 2.93 units, and 54 persons had infarctions. There was no relationship between AD pathology and infarctions (r = 0.04, p = 0.56). Each unit of AD pathology increased the odds of dementia by 4.40-fold (95% CI = 2.33 to 8.32), and this was essentially unchanged after accounting for infarctions. The presence of one or more infarctions independently increased the odds of dementia by 2.80-fold (95% CI = 1.26 to 6.21). There was no interaction between AD pathology and infarctions to further increase the likelihood of dementia (p = 0.39). The number, size, and distribution of infarctions added to the odds of dementia but also did not show an interaction with AD pathology. Similar results were found in analyses with global cognitive function and five different cognitive systems. Conclusion: Cerebral infarctions independently contribute to the likelihood of dementia but do not interact with AD pathology to increase the likelihood of dementia beyond their additive effect.
Para Entender a Gestão do SUS

Pensando no futuro, o Conselho Nacional de Secretarios de Saude, em parceria com o Ministerio da Saude, lancou o Progestores, Programa de Informacao e Apoio Tecnico as Novas Equipes Gestoras Estaduais do SUS de 2003. O Progestores e um esforco para bem receber os novos Secretarios de Saude dos Estados e do Distrito Federal e qualificar as suas equipes que assumiram em janeiro de 2003, informando-as e capacitando-as em aspectos essenciais da gestao do sistema. O CONASS espera, com o Progestores, recepcionar e subsidiar os gestores que assumiram a conducao da saude no periodo 2003/2006, organizando e divulgando informacoes estrategicas para a gestao do SUS e elaborando um programa de apoio tecnico as equipes dos Estados e do Distrito Federal. O livro Para Entender a Gestao do SUS foi concebido para oferecer o panorama mais completo possivel sobre o Sistema Unico de Saude, que certamente e um dos mais interessantes exemplos de gestao de politica publica na area social entre aqueles originados das recentes reformas setoriais por que passaram varios paises em todo o mundo. O livro e apresentado na forma de um roteiro, que parte das proprias origens do SUS e vai ate as mais recentes conquistas, apresentando tambem os principais desafios colocados para o futuro proximo da gestao do sistema. Foi escrito por diversos colaboradores, parte deles militantes da pesquisa academica na area de Saude Publica e parte engajados na implementacao de politicas em diversos niveis de gestao do sistema de saude, de onde trazem uma solida experiencia. Esse encontro, pela aproximacao de pontos de vista que proporciona, por si so ja e um qualificador da obra.
Withdrawal Symptoms in Workers Exposed to Nitroglycerine

Several reports during the last few years have described chest pain and sudden death in workers exposed to nitroglycol in combination with nitroglycerine. A report is given here of nine persons suffering from chest pain (including one sudden death) after exposure to nitroglycerine alone. The pains occurred between 30 and 65 hours after termination of the exposure. The differential diagnosis from angina pectoris is discussed.
Editorial: hepatitis B reactivation in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct‐acting antivirals – incidence, severity of hepatitis and lessons to learn

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has been reported in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients coinfected with HBV treated with pan-oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) (Table 1). Of these 17 patients, 13 were inactive carriers, three had a previously resolved infection and one was an occult HBV infection. The severity of hepatitis ranged from HBV reactivation without hepatitis (n = 4), anicteric hepatitis (n = 2), icteric hepatitis (n = 4), hepatic failure (n = 1) to fulminant hepatic failure, requiring liver transplantation (n = 1). As for incidence of HBV reactivation, Gane et al. found that seven of eight hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients experienced an increase in HBV DNA levels. Wang et al. reported that three of ten HBsAgpositive patients and none of 124 patients with occult HBV infection experienced HBV reactivation. Sulkowski et al. reported that none of 103 patients who had been previously infected with HBV (anti-HBc positive) showed HBV reactivation. The study published in Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics by Londo no, et al. reports upon the prevalence of HBV reactivation in patients with CHC undergoing DAAs. They reported that five (50%) of 10 HBsAg-positive patients and one (1.6%) of 64 anti-HBc positive patients presented HBV virological reactivation (>1 log increase in HBV DNA levels). Virological reactivation was observed early (at week 4 of therapy) during DAAs therapy. However, none of the patients had clinical hepatitis and the increase in HBV DNA levels was modest (<20 000 IU/mL) and transient in
CARDIOVASCULAR AND SURVIVAL PARADOXES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A Story Half Untold: Adiposity, Adipokines and Outcomes in Dialysis Population

In contrast to the associations of high body mass index (BMI) with increased mortality in the general population, high BMI is associated with better survival in dialysis patients. Nonetheless, high BMI/adiposity in chronic kidney disease (CKD)/dialysis patients is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary calcification as described in the general population. These apparently perplexing associations might be explained if (1) adiposity has dual competing effects on survival; a protective nutritional effect and a deleterious metabolic effect resulting in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammation and (2) the level of kidney function modifies the relative importance of these effects. In this paradigm, the deleterious metabolic effects of obesity outweigh its protective nutritional effects in the non‐CKD population, the deleterious metabolic effects of obesity are neutralized by its protective nutritional effects in the moderate CKD population and the deleterious metabolic effects of obesity are outweighed by its protective nutritional effects in stage V CKD on dialysis. In other words, the over‐all effects of obesity on survival vary according to the level of kidney function and there is an interaction of body size and presence or absence of CKD on survival even though the metabolic effects of adiposity are not modified by the level of kidney function. Therefore, we propose that despite an association of adiposity with better survival, there is no reverse epidemiology of the associations traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors and disease with adiposity in dialysis patients.
Zinc Limitation Induces a Hyper-Adherent Goliath Phenotype in Candida albicans

Pathogenic microorganisms often face acute micronutrient limitation during infection due to the action of host-mediated nutritional immunity. The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is polymorphic and its morphological plasticity is one of its most widely recognized pathogenicity attributes. Here we investigated the effect of zinc, iron, manganese, and copper limitation on C. albicans morphology. Restriction of zinc specifically resulted in the formation of enlarged, spherical yeasts, a phenotype which we term Goliath cells. This cellular response to zinc restriction was conserved in C. albicans, C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis, but not in C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae or Debaryomyces hansenii, suggesting that it may have emerged in the last common ancestor of these related pathogenic species. Cell wall analysis revealed proportionally more chitin exposure on the Goliath cell surface. Importantly, these cells were hyper-adherent, suggesting a possible role in pathogenicity. Interestingly, the zincophore-encoding gene PRA1 was expressed by Goliath cells in zinc limited media and lack of Pra1 inhibited both cellular enlargement and adhesion. Goliath cells represent a further layer of Candida phenotypic plasticity.
Urinary and serum biomarkers in ureteropelvic junction obstruction: a systematic review

Abstract Context: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) constitutes a predominant cause of obstructive hydronephrosis. Fundamental questions regarding the assessment and treatment of infants and children with obstructive nephropathy remain unanswered. Objective: Several studies have investigated the usefulness of substances that could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in children with UPJO. Aim of the present study is to systematically review the literature on biomarkers that have been studied to date in patients with UPJO. Methods: The main search was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception through March 2014 using various combinations of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results: The 14 included studies reported data on 380 UPJO patients who underwent surgery, 174 who were treated conservatively and 213 controls. Conclusion: Some biomarkers offer promising results however more multicenter, prospective carefully designed studies are needed to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value.
Tris(2,6-dibenzoyl-4-methylphenolato-κ2 O 1,O 2)cobalt(III)

In the title compound, [Co(C21H15O3)3], the CoIII ion is coordinated in a slightly distorted octahedral environment by three phenolate O and three benzoyl O atoms from three monoanionic bidentate 2,6-dibenzoyl-4-methylphenolate ligands. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the central phenolate rings and the peripheral phenyl rings are 46.62 (10)/87.06 (9), 60.44 (8)/23.13 (8) and 46.49 (6)/65.29 (6)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions. Molecules are further linked by two π–π [centroid–centroid distances = 3.8612 (14) and 3.9479 (14) Å] and four C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
An Analysis of a Cross-Cultural Personality Inventory: The IPIP Big-Five Factor Markers in Croatia

In this article, we describe the factor structure in both self-reports and peer ratings of the items in a cross-cultural Big-Five inventory in Croatia. Using 2 versions of an inventory developed from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP; Goldberg, 1999), this is one of the first cross-national analyses of these IPIP measures. A large sample of university students (N = 519) used the translated Croatian version of the 100-item IPIP Big Five inventory to describe themselves, and they were also described by 515 of their acquaintances on the same instrument. In separate analyses of both self-reports and peer ratings, the 100-item and 50-item versions of these IPIP measures showed clear Five-factor orthogonal structures that were nearly identical to the American structure. These factors were strongly related on a one-to-one basis with those derived from a Croatian translation of Goldberg's (1992) bipolar rating scales.