Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MMIX : a RISC computer for the new millennium

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts 1 1.3' MMIX 2 1.3. 1' Description of MMIX 2 1.3. 2' The MMIX Assembly Language 28 1.3. 3' Applications to Permutations 51 1.4' Some Fundamental Programming Techniques 52 1.4. 1' Subroutines 52 1.4. 2' Coroutines 66 1.4. 3' Interpretive Routines 73 Answers to Exercises 94Index and Glossary 127
Compilation of Diversity Factors and Schedules for Energy and Cooling Load Calculations, ASHRAE Research Project 1093-RP, Final Report

In this report a day-typing method that uses a percentile analysis is described. In the percentile analysis the 50th percentile was used to calculate the diversity factors and the typical hourly load shapes; other statistics are reported as well, including: the mean, the mean plus or minus one standard deviation, and the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. This percentile calculation has been codified into a MS Excel spreadsheet that can be used for analyzing up to one year of hourly data in the proper format. A table of comparative EUIs and a summary of the results have also been included to facilitate easier comparison of the profiles. In general the method divides the year into weekday and weekends; allowing the user to include or remove holidays as needed. The spreadsheet then produces three forms of output; a) tabular output describing the statistics of the diversity profiles that are developed, b) graphical output of the diversity profiles, and c) ready-to-use input files for the DOE-2, BLAST and EnergyPlus simulation programs. Electronic copies of all the diversity factor profiles in this report are provided in the accompanying CDROM as part of the MS Word file.
Evaluating the effect of visually represented geodata uncertainty on decision-making: systematic review, lessons learned, and recommendations

ABSTRACT For many years, uncertainty visualization has been a topic of research in several disparate fields, particularly in geographical visualization (geovisualization), information visualization, and scientific visualization. Multiple techniques have been proposed and implemented to visually depict uncertainty, but their evaluation has received less attention by the research community. In order to understand how uncertainty visualization influences reasoning and decision-making using spatial information in visual displays, this paper presents a comprehensive review of uncertainty visualization assessments from geovisualization and related fields. We systematically analyze characteristics of the studies under review, i.e., number of participants, tasks, evaluation metrics, etc. An extensive summary of findings with respect to the effects measured or the impact of different visualization techniques helps to identify commonalities and differences in the outcome. Based on this summary, we derive “lessons learned” and provide recommendations for carrying out evaluation of uncertainty visualizations. As a basis for systematic evaluation, we present a categorization of research foci related to evaluating the effects of uncertainty visualization on decision-making. By assigning the studies to categories, we identify gaps in the literature and suggest key research questions for the future. This paper is the second of two reviews on uncertainty visualization. It follows the first that covers the communication of uncertainty, to investigate the effects of uncertainty visualization on reasoning and decision-making.
Clinical safety of insulin detemir in patients with Type 2 diabetes in the Gulf countries: The multicenter, noninterventional, open-label LevSafe study

Aim: To evaluate the safety profile of insulin detemir (IDet) in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Gulf countries in the 32-week, noninterventional LevSafe study. Methods: People with T2DM whose physicians had opted to start IDet therapy were included in the study. Safety parameters, including serious adverse drug reactions (SADRs) and hypoglycemia, and changes in body weight and glycemic control were evaluated at baseline, week 16 and week 32. Results: A total of 686 patients were exposed to IDet therapy with a mean (±standard deviation) age, body mass index, and diabetes duration of 51.3 ± 11.0 years, 31.3 ± 5.5 kg/m2, and 10.2 ± 6.1 years, respectively. The mean total daily dose of IDet was 32.0 ± 32.8 U at baseline and 44.7 ± 60.7 U at week 32. No SADRs were reported during the study. Total hypoglycemia decreased from 435 events at baseline to 204 events at week 32 (mean change analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test: −0.34; P = 0.0115), and no major hypoglycemia was reported at week 32. Over the 32-week treatment period, the mean body weight decreased from 85.7 ± 15.2 kg to 85.4 ± 14.5 kg (P = 0.0203), glycated hemoglobin A1c from 9.9 ± 1.67% to 7.7 ± 1.36% (P < 0.0001), and fasting plasma glucose from 11.9 ± 3.27 mmol/L to 7.4 ± 1.85 mmol/L (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: IDet therapy was well-tolerated and was associated with a decreased number of hypoglycemic events and improved glycemic control after 32 weeks in patients with T2DM in the Gulf countries.
Promoting Critical Thinking Skills in Online Information Literacy Instruction Using a Constructivist Approach

ABSTRACT A constructivist approach to teaching and learning holds that the learner, through interaction and experience with an object or process, creates knowledge. Instruction based upon constructivist theory places the student at the center of the learning environment, while the instructor serves as a guide or facilitator. In direct contrast, traditional learning places the learning in a more passive role, simply mirroring or reproducing knowledge that was provided by the instructor. Constructivist theory has enjoyed a certain level of popularity in higher education as emphasis has shifted from a pedagogical framework to a more andragogical (i.e., adult and learner-centered rather than instructor-lead) one. Emphasis upon teaching critical thinking skills seems a natural fit with a constructivist-based approach to learning. Critical thinking involves the conceptualization, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and ultimate application of information so that the learner may reach conclusions or form independent judgments based upon what the learner has experienced combined with previous knowledge. The teaching of critical thinking skills using a constructivist-based approach in the field of online library instruction would be an effective means of reaching the large percentage of learners who do not participate in traditional face-to-face bibliographic instruction sessions. This is further supported by the Association of College and Research Libraries' Information Literacy Standards for Higher Education. This article will provide theoretical and philosophical arguments for constructivist-based approaches to teaching critical thinking skills online using online technologies.
Conceptual Change During a Serious Game

In our research, we used two different versions of a serious game to realize conceptual change regarding classical Newtonian mechanics. We propose the Serious Gaming Lemniscate Model (SGLM). It states that in an educational game, a player is either in a gaming state, intuitively acting on the feedback in the game, or in a learning state, rationally reflecting on the gaming experience. To test our model, we moved the student from the gaming state to the learning state. Next, we investigated whether this shift was effective in changing the student’s concepts. We did so by suddenly increasing the complexity of the game between consecutive levels, generating authentic learning questions. We compared the learning gain of students who are forced out of the game state to students who played the game through without the sudden increases in difficulty. Both strategies were benchmarked against a control group where no game was used. We developed a physics game to challenge the conceptual knowledge of third-grade secondary school students regarding Newtonian mechanics. We found that students who played the game as part of the physics classes experienced an increase in perceptual knowledge. However, the effect of interrupting the game state to initiate a learning state did not add to the conceptual change compared with the group who played the game through without interruptions.
Computer-based Assessment of Foreign Language Speaking Skills

This paper presents results from investigations into the effect of allowing examinee autonomy in a computerized test of oral proficiency. It begins with a description of the computerized assessment, the Computerized Oral Proficiency Instrument (COPI), as operationalized in Spanish and Arabic. It then presents results from research on allowing examinee autonomy in the assessment. The talk will present the results to these investigations. Overall, examinee attitudes were very positive towards the choices that the COPI provided them and that, though preparation time and response time varied by proficiency level and complexity of the task on the COPI, students felt that the assessment format allowed them the opportunity to provide a demonstration of their current proficiency levels. Overall proficiency ratings on both test formats (COPI and SOPI) were comparable across languages. Investigating examinee autonomy
The paradigmatic structure of person marking

1. Introduction: Objective, Definitions, Method and Some History PART ONE: PERSON MARKING 2. One Among the Crowd: The Marking of Singular Participants 3. Group Marking: Redefining Plurality in the Pronominal Domain PART TWO: PARADIGMATIC STRUCTURE 4. The Diversity of the Core: A Survey of Patterns of Singular and Group Marking 5. Compound Pronouns: Other Person Categories Disqualified PART THREE: NUMBER INCORPORATED 6. Cardinality: Redefining Number in the Pronominal Domain 7. The Diversity of Restricted Groups: A Survey of Dual Person Marking PART FOUR: COGNATE PARADIGMS 8. Connecting Paradigms: Person Paradigms Through Time and Space 9. Cognate Paradigms Revisited: Connecting the Dual 10. Finale: Summary and Prospects References List of Languages According to Genetic/Geographical distribution Index of Names Index of Languages Index of Subjects
DS-CDMA, MC-CDMA and MT-CDMA for mobile multi-media communications

We present a comparison between direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA), multi-carrier (MC-) CDMA and multitone (MT-) CDMA schemes in terms of the transmitter and receiver structure. We discuss their down-link bit error rate performance in a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel by computer simulation.
The Language faculty

A review essay on the human visual system can safely presuppose that there is such a system, with homologs in other species, and get on with describing what scientists have learned about how retinal images lead to detailed and informative representations of distal scenes. Discussions of the language faculty are more controversial from the outset. It is not obvious what the alleged faculty does, or whether its operations are specific to language. Indeed, it is not clear what language is, or what languages are. So at least initially, it is hard to say what would make a cognitive system specifically linguistic. Nonetheless, while other animals can communicate to some degree, children go though what seems to be a special kind of linguistic metamorphosis. So in this chapter, we focus on some remarkable facts about how children acquire languages, as a way of gaining insight in this domain. Our conclusion is that humans have a language faculty—a cognitive system that supports the acquisition and use of certain languages—with several core properties. This faculty is apparently governed by principles that are logically contingent, specific to human language, and innately determined. Moreover, at least some of these principles are grammatically pervasive. They are manifested in diverse constructions, and they unify linguistic phenomena that are superficially unrelated. 1 Every biologically normal child acquires thousands of words and a capacity to understand endlessly many complex expressions, given an ordinary and relatively brief course of experience. Indeed, a child can easily acquire more than one language—e.g., Japanese and Mohawk, or English and ASL. As we discuss below, these languages respect certain logically contingent constraints, and each such language is acquirable for the most part by the age of three. This
Deterministic EKF-like estimator for spacecraft attitude estimation

A filter for estimating spacecraft attitude quaternion and gyro drift bias vector is developed. The point of view taken in this paper is deterministic in that the underlying system and the measurement process are assumed to be both deterministic, while the uncertainties considered are assumed to be unmeasurable deterministic functions of time. The approach taken is motivated largely by some recent work that has been done in the area of nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control and estimation.
Geometric Properties of Dynamic Nonlinear Networks: Transversality, Local-Solvability and eventual Passivity

This paper gives several basic results on dynamic nonlinear networks from a geometric point of view. One of the main advantages of a geometric approach is that it is coordinate-free, i.e., results obtained by a geometric method do not depend on the particular choices of a tree, a loop matrix, state variables, etc. Therefore, the method is suitable for studying intrinsic properties of networks. It is shown that transversality of resistor constitutive relations and Kirchhoff space is a sufficient condition for the configuration space to be a submanifold. Main result of the paper states that a network is locally solvable, i.e., the dynamics of a network is well defined in the sense of Definition 3, if and only if, capacitor charges and inductor fluxes serve as a local coordinate system for the configuration space. In other words, if all the variables in a network are determined as functions of capacitor charges and inductor fluxes, at least locally, then the dynamics is well defined. Conversely, if the dynamics is well defined, then all the variables in a network are determined as functions of capacitor charges and inductor fluxes. Because of its coordinate-free property, the main result also says that if the dynamics is well defined in terms of some coordinate system, then it must be well defined in terms of capacitor charges and inductor fluxes. Conversely, if the dynamics is not well-defined in terms of capacitor charges and inductor fluxes, then there is no choice of variables in terms of which the dynamics is well defined in the sense of Definition 3. This shows that capacitor charges and inductor fluxes are the fundamental quantities in describing the dynamics of networks. Perturbation results are given which guarantee transversality and local solvability. Finally, several other perturbation results are given which guarantee eventual strict passivity of dynamic nonlinear networks. They explain why the voltage and current waveforms of almost every network of practical importance are eventually uniformly bounded.
ABC of Work Related Disorders

From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability. It will lead them to live and work much better. This is why, the students, workers, or even employers should have reading habit for books. Any book will give certain knowledge to take all benefits. This is what this abc of work related disorders tells you. It will add more knowledge of you to life and work better. Try it and prove it.
Reversing a Swedish-English dictionary for the Internet

A Swedish-English dictionary for the Internet is transformed into an English-Swedish counterpart by computationally reversing the Swedish and the English lexical database. Dictionary reversal of an existing bilingual dictionary is a possible solution of obataining working material quickly. However, depending on the complexity of the original database, the new reversed dictionary may have to be edited extensively. In the reversed dictionary, the original English target language becomes source language data. One outcome of reversing source and target language information is that the new English items are not necessarily translation equivalents. Internet dictionaries present new possibilities and challenges: they can easily be updated by allowing users to contribute new headwords, but lexicographers may also have to reconsider traditional methods in dictionary design. The article concludes by discussing the possible use of parallel corpus examples to illustrate language use in bilingual dictionaries.
ScienceDirect The 4 th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics ( ICEEI 2013 ) Reliable Contention-based Beaconless Packet Forwarding Algorithm for VANET Streets

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks are emerging class of Mobile Ad hoc Networks that provide wireless communication between vehicles with no need for any fixed infrastructure. It is proven that in highly dynamic vehicular environments beaconless position-based forwarding algorithms are more suitable than the algorithms that use periodic beacon information in their forwarding decisions. However, data packet broadcasting in forwarding mechanism of these algorithms leads to packet duplications in both forwarding area and the destination node and consequently increases the network overhead and wastes available bandwidth. In this paper we propose a new beaconless forwarding algorithm called CBBPF in which data packets are not broadcasted to the neighbors to avoid duplication. The simulative performance evaluation results in highway scenarios show that CBBPF operates properly in terms of packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Faculty of Information Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
MULTICOMMODITY NETWORK FLOWS.

Abstract : The purpose of this article is to survey the current literature on multicommodity network flows. The study of multicommodity flows is concerned with generalizing the results which are known for single commodity flows in networks. These results fall into three broad categories: optimization, computation and structure. The optimization category includes the question of maximizing flow or minimizing cost in a network. The computation question involves finding algorithms for efficiently computing flows. And the structural results relate the flows to structural properties of the network (e.g., the Max-flow Min-cut Theorem). Because of the added complexity of having many commodities, the results for multicommodity flows sometimes require methods different from those used for analogous single commodity results. As in the one-commodity case, the question of finding a maximal multicommodity flow can be stated as a linear programming problem. In general for n-commodity flow there is the question of feasibility. That is, not only do we wish to know how much flow can be achieved, but more specifically how much of each kind of commodity. (Author)
Lifelong learning through the Virtual University

Lifelong learning has come to involve a variety of learning experiences. These include conventional campus teaching, workplace open learning, modular flexible learning programmes, correspondence‐based distance learning courses, and most recently Web or multimedia‐based courseware. This paper considers the use of multimedia environments for open, flexible and distance education, in particular a learning environment known as the “Virtual University” as part of a process of lifelong learning. A comparison of different modes of learning is made. The Virtual University consists of virtual lectures, virtual seminars, virtual tutorials and virtual exams. It has a number of advantages over both formal lectures and conventional open learning materials, such as interactivity, adaptation, simulation, demonstration and integration. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the Virtual University, and the results indicate an enhancement of the overall learning experience.
Relevance and redundancy in fuzzy classification systems

Fuzzy classification systems is defined in this paper as an aggregative model, in such a way that Ruspini classical definition of fuzzy partition appears as a particular case. Once a basic recursive model has been accepted, we then propose to analyze relevance and redundancy in order to allow the possibility of learning from previous experiences. All these concepts are applied to a real picture, showing that our approach allows to check quality of such a classification system.
College Students as End User Searchers: One University's Experience.

College students were trained to do database searching in a mandatory freshman research paper course. Bibliogra phies from the research papers, search transcripts, ques tionnaires administered to the students, the university li brary's serials holdings, and interviews with the teacher and librarian provided information for an analysis charac terizing the students' database and library searches and evaluating the relationship of database searching to the re search process. The students gained a working knowledge of searching after minimal preparation but had difficulty with search strategy. Forty percent reported difficulties lo cating material in libraries and those that did locate mate rial used nearby libraries in conjunction with the univer sity library. Students' bibliographies contained few citations from the database searches. Since 60 percent of the students reported finding materials from the searches in a library, the question arises as to why the database search references were not suitable to include in the pa pers' bibliographies.
The SUN Action database : collecting and analyzing typical actions for visual scene types

Recent work in human and machine vision has increasingly focused on the problem of scene recognition. Scene types are largely defined by the actions one might typically do there: an office is a place someone would typically "work". I introduce the SUN Action database (short for "Scene UNderstanding Action"): the first effort to collect and analyze free-response data from human subjects about the typical actions associated with different scene types. Responses were gathered on Mechanical Turk for twenty images per catgory, each depicting a characteristic view of one of 397 different scene types. The distribution of phrases is shown to be heavy-tailed and Zipf-like, whereas the distribution of semantic roots is not Zipf-like. Categories strongly associated with particular tasks or actions are shown to have lower overall diversity of responses. A hierarchical clustering analysis reveals a heterogeneous clustering structure, with some categories readily grouping together, and other categories remaining apart even at coarse clustering levels. Finally, two simple classifiers are introduced for predicting scene types from associated actions: a nearest centroid classifier, and an empirical maximum likelihood classifier. Both classifiers demonstrate greater than 50% classification performance in a 397-way classification task. Thesis Supervisor: Aude Oliva Title: Principal Research Scientist Thesis Supervisor: Antonio Torralba Title: Associate Professor
Transfer of Cognitive Skills from Programming: When and How?

Investigations of the impact of programming instruction on cognitive skills have yielded occasional positive and many negative findings. To interpret the mixed results, we describe two distinct mechanisms of transfer–“low road” transfer, resulting from extensive practice and automatization, and “high road” transfer, resulting from mindful generalization. High road transfer seems implicated where positive impacts of programming have been found; insufficient practice and little provocation of mindful abstraction are characteristic of investigations not demonstrating transfer. Our discussion affirms that programming instruction can improve cognitive skills under the right conditions, but cautions that implementing such conditions on a wide scale may be difficult and that programming instruction must compete with other means of improving cognitive skills.