Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss of Magnet® Designation and Changes in RN Work Engagement: A Report on How 1 Hospital's Culture Changed Over Time

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the loss of Magnet® designation and how RNs' work engagement changed at 1 community hospital. BACKGROUND The importance of RN work engagement to promote quality and safety is widely recognized in healthcare. Ongoing consistent research is critical to determine what organizational structures are needed to support RN work engagement. METHODS This was a comparative, descriptive, correlational study of RN cohorts at 2 time points: time 1 (T1), in 2011 during Magnet designation (n = 119), and time 2 (T2), in 2016, approximately 2 years after the loss of Magnet designation (n = 140). RESULTS The cohort of RNs at T2 reported significantly lower work engagement in the time period after the loss of Magnet designation when compared with the RN cohort at T1 during Magnet designation (P ⩽ .0002). CONCLUSION These results provide insights for clinical leaders striving to support a culture of RN work engagement and quality care.
Trends in rates of death from unintentional injury among Canadian children in urban areas: influence of socioeconomic status

Injury is the leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity among children aged 14 years and less in Canada. In 1997, 1 of every 2 deaths and 1 of every 8 hospital admissions in this age group were caused by injuries. [1][1] Socioeconomic status (SES) is a hierarchical continuum that takes
Cortical activation during foot movements: II Effect of movement rate and side

Cerebral control of foot movements has received limited study. Functional MRI compared slow with rapid foot movement, and right (dominant) with left foot movement. Brain activation during right, as compared with left, foot movement was larger, with higher amplitude task-related motor cortex signal change, and higher laterality index. Brain activation during fast, as compared with slow, foot movement was larger in cortical and cerebellar areas but smaller in deep gray areas. Some principles of cerebral control of hand movement extend to foot, but exceptions found include that dominant foot movement showed greater activation than did nondominant, and faster foot movements activated bilateral deep gray matter structures less than did slower. Results might have utility in trials of restorative therapies.
Utilisation de la barymétrie pour l'estimation du poids chez le zébu Azawak au Niger

The objective of this study was to establish weight estimation equations from body measurements applicable to the Azawak zebu. The weight and 12 types of measurements were recorded in 343 Azawak zebus at the Sahelian experimental station of Toukounous in Niger. Most of the animals were young: 74% were at most two years old. Out of the 12 types of measurements, three were retained because of their correlation with the body weight (thoracic perimeter, height at the withers and scapulo-ischial length). The weight correlation was higher with the thoracic perimeter (r = 0.97) and the scapulo-ischial length (r = 0.96) than with the height at the withers (r = 0.92). Several types of equations between the weight and two types of measurements (thoracic perimeter and scapulo-ischial length) were compared. The selected equation for all the animals (males and females) was a polynomial regression of the predicted weight (y) over the thoracic perimeter (x) and the scapulo-ischial length (z): y = 0.02697x 2 – 4.25x + 1.535z + 96.145 with a coefficient of determination r 2 = 0.989 and a residual standard deviation (S y ) of 11.23 kg. The error between the observed and predicted weights, expressed as percentages of the observed weight, was lower than 5% in 57.2% of the animals and lower than 10% in 90.1% of them. For the males, an equation also with two variables was selected: y = 0.0260x 2 – 3.856x + 1.211z + 96.114 with r 2 = 0.990 and S y = 10.33 kg. For the females, a regression only using the thoracic perimeter (y = 0.0281x 2 – 3.294x + 125.217) showed great accuracy (r 2 = 0.981 and S y = 15.28 kg). This latter equation was used to establish a conversion table of thoracic perimeters into body weights.
Bonding to the Improved Disclosure Environment in the United States: Firms' Listing Choices and Their Capital Market Consequences

This paper examines whether the current reporting and disclosure requirements for foreign registrants in the United States affect foreign firms' decisions to list on a U.S. exchange. We find that while firms from a weak disclosure environment are more likely to cross-list and either trade over-the-counter or be placed privately among institutional investors, they are less likely to list on an exchange in which firms are required to comply with U.S. GAAP. This is consistent with the idea that the decrease in the potential private control benefits accruing to managers discourages them from listing on an organized exchange. We further conduct pricing tests to investigate whether the choice relating to the mode of listing has capital market consequences. These tests indicate that: (1) exchange-listing firms receive a higher valuation (i.e., Tobin's q) than non-exchange-listing firms; and (2) exchange-listing firms domiciled in a higher disclosure regime, who incur lower costs of U.S. GAAP compliance, generally receive a higher valuation than exchange-listing firms from a lower-disclosure regime. Overall, the lower tendency of firms domiciled in a lower disclosure regime to list on an organized exchange appears to be consistent with the smaller valuation benefit they receive from the listing.
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK o f ATLANTA WORKING PAPER SERIES Synergizing Ventures

Venture capital (VC) and growth are examined both empirically and theoretically. Empirically, VC-backed startups have higher early growth rates and initial patent quality than non-VC-backed ones. VC backing increases a startup’s likelihood of reaching the right tails of the firm size and innovation distributions. Furthermore, outcomes are better for startups matched with more experienced venture capitalists. An endogenous growth model, where venture capitalists provide both expertise and financing for business startups, is constructed to match these facts. The presence of venture capital, the degree of assortative matching between startups and financiers, and the taxation of VC-backed startups matter significantly for growth. JEL classification: E13, E22, G24, L26, O16, O31, O40
A comparison of the frequencies of risk factors for depression in older black and white participants in a study of indicated prevention

ABSTRACT Background: To compare the frequencies of risk factors, we describe risks for depression as a function of race among consecutively admitted participants in a randomized clinical trial of indicated depression prevention in later life. Methods: Seventy-two black and 143 white participants were screened for risk factors for depression. Results: Black participants were more likely to have fewer years of education and lower household income. They were more likely to be obese, live alone, experience functional disability, have a history of alcohol and drug abuse, and have lower scores on the Mini-mental State Examination and the Executive Interview (EXIT). White participants were not found to have greater prevalence or higher mean score on any risk factor. On average, black participants experienced approximately one more risk factor than white participants (t(213) = 3.32, p = 0.0011). Conclusions: In our sample, black participants had higher frequencies of eight risk factors for depression and a greater mean number of risk factors compared to white participants.
Feeling the Conflict

In the study reported here, we examined the role of conflict experience in cognitive adaptation to conflict. Although the experience of conflict is generally neglected in theoretical models of cognitive control, we demonstrated that it plays a critical role in cognitive adaptation. Using a masked-priming paradigm, we showed that conflict adaptation was present only after trials on which participants experienced response conflict. Furthermore, when subjective experience did not coincide with actual conflict, adaptation effects in the error rates were observed after the experience of conflict, not after response conflict. We conclude that the experience of conflict, and not response conflict per se, is the crucial factor underlying cognitive adaptation effects. The current findings provide a new perspective on the question of why the human cognitive system exerts cognitive control, and they suggest that a crucial role of subjective experience is to allow for top-down control of behavior.
A modified technique for the impregnation of lanthanum tracer to study the integrity of tight junctions on cells grown on a permeable substrate

Ionic lanthanum is commonly used to trace permeability pathways across epithelia and endothelia in biological electron microscopy. A method for obtaining a uniformly dense precipitate of lanthanum is described. The method, which is a modification of the technique described by Shaklai and Tavassoli ( 1977 ) was suitable for fixation of cell cultures grown on permeable filter inserts and was successfully applied to study opening of tight junctions by hypertonic solutions in the airway epithelial cell line 16HBE14o−. The preparation method formed the basis for a semiquantitative morphological determination in which the tight junctions were subdivided as “intact,” “weakened,” and “open. ” By using this modified technique, it could be demonstrated that opening of tight junctions in airway epithelial cells increased, with increasing osmolarity with electrolytes having a stronger effect than nonelectrolytes. A significant linear relationship was found between the osmolarity of the medium and the open state of the tight junctions (as determined by the semiquantitative morphological technique) or the transepithelial electrical resistance. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personalized Technology to Support Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment Living at Home

Although persons with dementia (PWD) and their family caregivers need in-home support for common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), few if any assistive technologies are available to help manage NPS. This implementation study tested the feasibility and adoption of a touch screen technology, the Companion, which delivers psychosocial, nondrug interventions to PWD in their home to address individual NPS and needs. Interventions were personalized and delivered in home for a minimum of 3 weeks. Postintervention measures indicated the technology was easy to use, significantly facilitated meaningful and positive engagement, and simplified caregivers’ daily lives. Although intervention goals were met, caregivers had high expectations of their loved one’s ability to regain independence. Care recipients used the system independently but were limited by cognitive and physical impairments. We conclude the Companion can help manage NPS and offer caregiver respite at home. These data provide important guidance for design and deployment of care technology for the home.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Skin Cancer Prevention Study of α-Difluoromethylornithine in Subjects with Previous History of Skin Cancer

Preclinical studies have shown that the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and resultant decreases in tissue concentrations of polyamines (putrescine and spermidine) prevents neoplastic developments in many tissue types. Clinical studies of oral DFMO at 500 mg/m2/day revealed it to be safe and tolerable and resulted in significant inhibition of phorbol ester–induced skin ODC activity. Two hundred and ninety-one participants (mean age, 61 years; 60% male) with a history of prior nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC; mean, 4.5 skin cancers) were randomized to oral DFMO (500 mg/m2/day) or placebo for 4 to 5 years. There was a trend toward a history of more prior skin cancers in subjects randomized to placebo, but all other characteristics including sunscreen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use were evenly distributed. Evaluation of 1,200 person-years of follow-up revealed a new NMSC rate of 0.5 events/person/year. The primary end point, new NMSCs, was not significantly different between subjects taking DFMO and placebo (260 versus 363 cancers, P = 0.069, two-sample t test). Evaluation of basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell cancers separately revealed very little difference in squamous cell cancer between treatment groups but a significant difference in new BCC (DFMO, 163 cancers; placebo, 243 cancers; expressed as event rate of 0.28 BCC/person/year versus 0.40 BCC/person/year, P = 0.03). Compliance with DFMO was >90% and it seemed to be well tolerated with evidence of mild ototoxicity as measured by serial audiometric examination when compared with placebo subjects. The analysis of normal skin biopsies revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate–induced ODC activity (month 24, 36, and 48) and putrescine concentration (month 24 and 36 only) in DFMO subjects. Subjects with a history of skin cancer taking daily DFMO had an insignificant reduction (P = 0.069) in new NMSC that was predominantly due to a marked reduction in new BCC. Based on these data, the potential of DFMO, alone or in combination, to prevent skin cancers should be explored further. Cancer Prev Res; 3(1); 35–47
Olfactory Aura: A Missing Tool?

In a recently published paper, Jion et al described two cases of phantosmia, which could precede a migraine headache attack or occur without headache. As the authors reported, in both cases the description of the olfactory disturbance fulfills the criteria of aura according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 beta version (ICHD-3 beta). The olfactory aspects of migraine, which include both phantosmia (or olfactory hallucination during a migraine attack) and osmophobia, have been subject of several papers but, curiously, neither of them have been considered in the ICHD-3 beta. Although phantosmia appears to be an uncommon event, its exact prevalence is unknown: in our recent paper, we postulated that the phenomenon should be underestimated, as phantosmia may be less perceptible than other aura disturbance. Moreover, patients are able to describe the features of their olfactory hallucinations when properly asked about during the history. As resulted in our case series, and confirmed by the cases of Jion et al, the clinical features of phantosmia meet the criteria of aura and therefore, when secondary causes are properly excluded, might be inserted in the appendix of the next ICHD among the diagnostic criteria of migraine with aura. The second aspect of olfactory disturbance, osmophobia, has been deeply investigated and might be considered as a clinical marker for migraine; despite its inclusion in the appendix of the ICHD-2, it has been deleted in the ICHD-3 beta, in spite of the literature data demonstrating that this criterion should add sensibility and specificity to the diagnosis of migraine. The literature data and the clinical practice allow the olfactory aspects of migraine (panthosmia and osmophobia) to be considered for their insertion among the diagnostic criteria in the next ICHD.
Evaluation of Call Performance in Cellular Networks With Generalized Cell Dwell Time and Call-Holding Time Distributions in the Presence of Channel Fading

Call-completion probability, call-dropping probability, and handoff rate are important performance measures of wireless networks. In this paper, we study the joint effect of channel fading and handover failure on these performance measures. For the case of Rayleigh and lognormal fading channels and for generalized distributions of the cell dwell time and the call-holding time, we derive simple closed-form expressions that closely approximate these performance metrics. The results are given in terms of the moment-generating function (MGF) of the distribution for the call-holding time and may be useful in the cross-layer design and the optimization of wireless networks.
Distinction between healthy individuals and patients with confident abnormal respiration

To adequately distinguish between healthy individuals and patients with respiratory disorders, we propose a new classification method combining two conventional methods. The first method entails determining the presence of a "confident abnormal respiration" period (used to describe individuals for whom the likelihood of an abnormal respiratory candidate was much higher than for that of a normal candidate, and for which patients could be determined with high accuracy). The second method entails comparing the two total likelihoods (through a series of inspiration and expiration periods) of normal and abnormal candidates of each respiratory period in a test sample. In our new method, if one or more confident abnormal respiration phases are detected in a test respiration sample, the first method is used; otherwise, the second method is used for the classification. Our proposed method achieved significantly higher performance (88.6%) at the 5% level (p=0.027) than does each conventional classification method alone (80.6% and 84.9%). This validates our newly proposed classification method.
34 NACHAMKIN AND HART vitro . All bacteria were grown on sheep blood agar at 42 °

Western blot analysis was used to identify antigenic components of Campylobacterjejuni whole cells and outer membranes that elicit antibody responses in patients with campylobacter enteritis. Acuteand convalescentphase sera from eight patients were analyzed for antibody activity against their homologous infecting strains and heterologous clinical isolates. Whole-cell and Sarkosyl-insoluble membrane components were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose paper for immunoblotting experiments. After the separated components were probed with patient sera, antibody binding was detected by autoradiography with 125I-protein A. Using this method, we detected several immunogenic components in whole cells and outer membranes. In the acute-phase response of some patients to infection, two to three components with approximate molecular weights of 66,000 (p66), 43,000 to 46,000 (major outer membrane protein), and 12,000 (pl2) were detected in immunoblots. Convalescent-phase sera showed a more broad array of antibody binding to cell components. p66, shown to be campylobacter flagellin, was the major immunodominant component in almost all sera tested, however, p66 was not a major protein in Coomassie blue-stained gels. The major outer-membrane protein also bound to antibody, but with less intensity than p66. In general, the antibody specificity of patient sera was not limited to the homologous infecting strain, and antibodies cross-reacted with most components in heterologous strains. A low-molecular-weight component, identified as lipopolysaccharide with a modified silver stain, showed serological specificity for some patient sera. The results of this study showed that the antibody response of patients with campylobacter enteritis to C. jejuni antigens is variable. Flagellin appeared to be the major immunodominant component during infection.
Berberine : Biochemical Analysis and Cardiovascular Benefits

Berberine is an alkaloid found in plants such as goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis L.), European barberry or jaundice berry (Berberis vulgaris L.), and Chinese goldthread or Huanglian (Coptis chinensis Franch.). Goldenseal can be grown in Canada and natural health products derived from this plant have been found on consumer shelves. In this review, a UPLC-based analysis of berberine in a goldenseal product is presented. The linear range for berberine is from 10 to 500 g/mL with a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.9996. Two major cardiovascular benefits of berberine are discussed: lipid lowering and antioxidant effects. Berberine has been shown to lower blood cholesterol through the stabilization of LDL receptor mRNA and to lower triglycerides through activation of AMPK, which in turn, targets two other enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, ACC and HMG CoA reductase. For its antioxidant effects, berberine has been shown to directly scavenge ROS/RNS species, to upregulate endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms and to inhibit endogenous ROS/RNSgenerating oxidases such as NADPH oxidase. Berberine has potential to be used as a complementary therapy for hyperlipidemia and for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A comparison between UK and US medical student attitudes towards cultural diversity

The views that students hold about cultural diversity and its teaching have been investigated to a limited extent in the UK and North America. The objective of this study was to establish whether there is a difference in attitudes between UK and US medical students with regard to this issue. A questionnaire survey was carried out on 191 year one medical students at the University of Illinois (Chicago and Urbana campuses) and University of Leicester. Differences of attitudes between students from the two countries and also between the same ethnic groups across the two countries were compared. There were statistically significant differences between UK and US students in each of the key areas of the balance between different cultures, attitudes of doctors and their practice relating to cultural diversity, culture and its associations with race/skin colour, perspectives on specific cultures and attitudes towards diversity teaching. There were some similarities in how students define culture but differences in how they understand multiculturalism. These findings suggest that programmes need to be tailored to particular circumstances, and that complex models of diversity need to be utilized in order for students to engage with them in a substantive way.
Laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Disseminated mycobacterial infections are commonly seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, and laboratory culture is the best method for diagnosing these infections. In addition to conventional agar media, we used BACTEC 12A (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) broth medium for culture. More isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were recovered from 12A broth than from Lowenstein-Jensen or Middlebrook 7H11 agar. Also, the average detection time of these mycobacteria was the earliest with 12A broth. Stool examination has been helpful in diagnosing mycobacterial disease in AIDS patients, and in this study both acid-fast stain and culture of fecal material was necessary for efficient detection of mycobacteria. Another sensitive and practical method for detecting mycobacterial infections in patients with AIDS is the Isolator lysis-centrifugation system (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.) which offers the advantage of quantitating the degree of mycobacteremia. Laboratories should be alerted to the possibility of mixed mycobacterial infection in patients with AIDS, and positive cultures should be repeatedly examined to detect coinfection with a slower-growing mycobacterium such as M. tuberculosis as well as M. avium complex.