Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Correlates of Gambling Problems in Outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

Objective: To investigate the frequency of gambling in people who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Secondary objectives were to examine: sex differences in the rates of gambling behaviour, the temporal relation between onset of mood disorders and problem gambling, psychiatric comorbidities associated with problem gambling, and the influences of problem gambling on quality of life. Method: People (aged 18 years and older) who met criteria for lifetime Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision-defined MDD or BD I or II, and were confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, were enrolled. Participants were recruited from 5 sites in Canada and 1 in the United States. Prevalence of past-year problem gambling was assessed with the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. Associated comorbidities with problem gambling are presented. Results: A total of 579 participants were enrolled (female: n = 379, male: n = 200). Prevalence of problem gambling did not differ significantly between the MDD (12.5%) and the BD (12.3%) groups. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of problem gambling between males (19.5%) and females (7.8%) in the BD group (χ2 = 8.695, df = 1, P = 0.003). Among people meeting criteria for problem gambling, the mood disorder was the primary onset condition in 71% of cases. People with a mood disorder with comorbid current panic disorder (OR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.75), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.45), specific phobia (OR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.17 to 4.76), alcohol dependence (OR = 5.73; 95% CI 3.08 to 10.65), or lifetime substance dependence (OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.58), had significantly increased odds of problem gambling. Problem gambling across MDD and BD populations was also associated with lower quality of life ratings. Conclusion: These results reaffirm a higher prevalence of gambling both in BD and in MDD populations, compared with previously published community samples. Our study also identifies risk factors for gambling behaviours within these populations.
Comparison of the estrogenic activities of seawater extracts from Suruga Bay, Japan, based on chemical analysis or bioassay

—The present study compared estrogenicity measured by in vitro bioassay and estrogenicity estimated by the chemical analysis of seawater from Suruga Bay, Japan. Nonylphenol, bisphenol A, estrone, 17β‐estradiol, nonhydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which show estrogenic activity, were selected as the target compounds. The yeast two‐hybrid system was used to evaluate the estrogenic activities of seawater and chemicals with or without rat liver S9. Concentrations of estrogenic compounds in seawater were measured by chemical analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main estrogenic compounds in seawater were estrone (≥9.2 ng/L), bisphenol A (≥l,070 ng/L), and nonylphenol (≥276 ng/L). The highest estrogenic activities in seawater were observed near a sewage treatment plant, but the predicted potencies based on the chemistry data were higher than those observed experimentally for the estrogenic activity in seawater. The estrogenicity measured by bioassay was raised considerably after S9 treatment; this observation was limited to the zone of freshwater immediately adjacent to the wastewater outfall.
Ki‐1/57 interacts with PRMT1 and is a substrate for arginine methylation

The human 57 kDa Ki‐1 antigen (Ki‐1/57) is a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein, associated with Ser/Thr protein kinase activity, and phosphorylated at the serine and threonine residues upon cellular activation. We have shown that Ki‐1/57 interacts with chromo‐helicase DNA‐binding domain protein 3 and with the adaptor/signaling protein receptor of activated kinase 1 in the nucleus. Among the identified proteins that interacted with Ki‐1/57 in a yeast two‐hybrid system was the protein arginine‐methyltransferase‐1 (PRMT1). Most interestingly, when PRMT1 was used as bait in a yeast two‐hybrid system we were able to identify Ki‐1/57 as prey among 14 other interacting proteins, the majority of which are involved in RNA metabolism or in the regulation of transcription. We found that Ki‐1/57 and its putative paralog CGI‐55 have two conserved Gly/Arg‐rich motif clusters (RGG/RXR box, where X is any amino acid) that may be substrates for arginine‐methylation by PRMT1. We observed that all Ki‐1/57 protein fragments containing RGG/RXR box clusters interact with PRMT1 and are targets for methylation in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Ki‐1/57 is a target for methylation in vivo. Using immunofluorescence experiments we observed that treatment of HeLa cells with an inhibitor of methylation, adenosine‐2′,3′‐dialdehyde (Adox), led to a reduction in the cytoplasmic immunostaining of Ki‐1/57, whereas its paralog CGI‐55 was partially redistributed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon Adox treatment. In summary, our data show that the yeast two‐hybrid assay is an effective system for identifying novel PRMT arginine‐methylation substrates and may be successfully applied to other members of the growing family of PRMTs.
Stimulation of Capacitative Calcium Entry in HL-60 Cells by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields*

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are hypothesized to affect intracellular structures in living cells providing a new means to modulate cell signal transduction mechanisms. The effects of nsPEFs on the release of internal calcium and activation of calcium influx in HL-60 cells were investigated by using real time fluorescent microscopy with Fluo-3 and fluorometry with Fura-2. nsPEFs induced an increase in intracellular calcium levels that was seen in all cells. With pulses of 60 ns duration and electric fields between 4 and 15 kV/cm, intracellular calcium increased 200–700 nm, respectively, above basal levels (∼100 nm), while the uptake of propidium iodide was absent. This suggests that increases in intracellular calcium were not because of plasma membrane electroporation. nsPEF and the purinergic agonist UTP induced calcium mobilization in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium with similar kinetics and appeared to target the same inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate- and thapsigargin-sensitive calcium pools in the endoplasmic reticulum. For cells exposed to either nsPEF or UTP in the absence of extracellular calcium, there was an electric field-dependent or UTP dose-dependent increase in capacitative calcium entry when calcium was added to the extracellular media. These findings suggest that nsPEFs, like ligand-mediated responses, release calcium from similar internal calcium pools and thus activate plasma membrane calcium influx channels or capacitative calcium entry.
An unsaturated peptidomimetic assembly derived from a carbohydrate

A strategy has been established for the synthesis of peptidomimetics derived from unsaturated carbohydrates, and exemplified by the use of methyl 2,6‐anhydro‐7‐azido‐3,7‐deoxy‐4,5‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐lyxo‐hept‐2‐enonate 9 as a dipeptide ‘monomer’ which can be elaborated from either end. Selective reduction of 9 gives a protected pseudodipeptide ester suitable for use as an amino component, and saponification gives an azido acid suitable for use as a carboxyl component. The ‘dimer’ product of coupling these two components with TBTU can be similarly elaborated at either end to give a ‘trimer’, and a further cycle of selective reduction and coupling gave a ‘tetramer’, 17, a pseudo‐octapeptide. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provably-Secure Logic Locking: From Theory To Practice

Logic locking has been conceived as a promising proactive defense strategy against intellectual property (IP) piracy, counterfeiting, hardware Trojans, reverse engineering, and overbuilding attacks. Yet, various attacks that use a working chip as an oracle have been launched on logic locking to successfully retrieve its secret key, undermining the defense of all existing locking techniques. In this paper, we propose stripped-functionality logic locking (SFLL), which strips some of the functionality of the design and hides it in the form of a secret key(s), thereby rendering on-chip implementation functionally different from the original one. When loaded onto an on-chip memory, the secret keys restore the original functionality of the design. Through security-aware synthesis that creates a controllable mismatch between the reverse-engineered netlist and original design, SFLL provides a quantifiable and provable resilience trade-off between all known and anticipated attacks. We demonstrate the application of SFLL to large designs (>100K gates) using a computer-aided design (CAD) framework that ensures attaining the desired security level at minimal implementation cost, 8%, 5%, and 0.5% for area, power, and delay, respectively. In addition to theoretical proofs and simulation confirmation of SFLL's security, we also report results from the silicon implementation of SFLL on an ARM Cortex-M0 microprocessor in 65nm technology.
LES ACCIDENTS DE PIETONS : ANALYSE TYPOLOGIQUE

Depuis plus de 20 ans, en France comme dans de nombreux autres pays, le nombre de pietons tues dans un accident de la route tend a decroitre, mais l'enjeu reste important : 1126 pietons tues en France en 1994. Afin d'approfondir notre connaissance de l'accidentologie des pietons, une analyse descriptive des donnees issues des bordereaux statistiques (BAAC) et des proces-verbaux d'accidents etablis par les forces de l'ordre pour les accidents corporels de la circulation a ete menee. Une premiere partie concerne les enjeux representes par les accidents de pietons dans differents pays et leur evolution. Puis une deuxieme partie examine les caracteristiques generales des accidents corporels et des accidents mortels de pietons. Un eclairage particulier est ensuite porte sur l'alcoolemie des usagers impliques dans ces accidents. Enfin une analyse multidimensionnelle permet d'identifier 4 categories de pietons accidentes. Cette typologie pourra servir de base a des analyses thematiques ulterieures s'appuyant soit sur une relecture des proces-verbaux prenant en compte d'autres dimensions d'analyse, soit sur des enquetes detaillees d'accident. Il sera possible d'aller plus loin dans la connaissance des mecanismes d'accidents et de proposer des actions appropriees. (A)
Assessment of HIV-1 Patient Recruitability in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau Using African versus North American Hematology and Biochemistry Reference Intervals

ABSTRACT Hematology and biochemistry reference intervals have been derived from healthy, HIV-negative populations to guide clinical trials worldwide. However, it is less clear how such values may be applied to clinical trials involving HIV-infected individuals. We show that contradictory interpretations about patient recruitability are reached when applying African versus North American reference intervals to an HIV-1 cohort in Guinea-Bissau. These observations underscore the need to question non-African guidelines in the context of HIV intervention clinical trials in Africa.
Fish diet, fish oil and docosahexaenoic acid rich oil lower fasting and postprandial plasma lipid levels.

OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to clarify the effects of fish diet, fish oil and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich oil on fasting and postprandial lipid levels in healthy male students. DESIGN The study was a randomized single-blind study with a control and three study groups. SETTING The study was carried out in the Departments of Physiology and Clinical Nutrition of University of Kuopio. SUBJECTS Healthy male volunteers were recruited for the study from the university student population. Fifty-nine subjects entered and 55 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS For 15 weeks the subjects in the fish diet group ate 4.3 +/- 0.5 fish containing meals per week and those in the fish oil and DHA-oil groups ate 4 g oil per day. Fish diet provided 0.38 +/- 0.04 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 0.67 +/- 0.09 g DHA, fish oil 1.33 g EPA and 0.95 g DHA and DHA-oil (EPA-free) 1.68 g DHA per day. RESULTS Fasting plasma triglyceride levels decreased in all test groups in 14 weeks when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Total plasma cholesterol levels did not change but the HDL2/HDL3-cholesterol ratio increased in all test groups by over 50% (P < 0.05). The postprandial total and chylomicron triglyceride responses, measured as areas under the response curve, were lowered in 15 weeks by the fish diet and fish oil (P < 0.05), the same tendency (P < 0.1) being seen in DHA-oil group. CONCLUSIONS These results show that both fasting and postprandial triglyceride concentrations can be decreased with moderate intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids either from a fish diet or fish oil and that also pure DHA has a hypotriglyceridemic effect.
Chinese Implicit Leadership Theory

Abstract In a 1st attempt to identify an implicit theory of leadership among Chinese people, the authors developed the Chinese Implicit Leadership Scale (CILS) in Study 1. In Study 2, they administered the CILS to 622 Chinese participants from 5 occupation groups, to explore differences in perceptions of leadership. Factor analysis yielded 4 factors of leadership: Personal Morality, Goal Efficiency, Interpersonal Competence, and Versatility. Social groups differing in age, gender, education level, and occupation rated these factors. Results showed no significant gender differences, and the underlying cause for social group differences was education level. All groups gave the highest ratings to Interpersonal Competence, reflecting the enormous importance of this factor, which is consistent with Chinese collectivist values.
Competition between functional signal peptides demonstrates variation in affinity for the secretion pathway

We have developed a system for examining the relative affinity of two different signal peptides for the protein secretion pathway in Escherichia coli. This system involves the expression of a modified alkaline phosphatase which possesses two signal peptides arranged in tandem. When both signal peptides have the wild-type sequence, cleavage after the first and cleavage after the second occur with nearly equal frequency. In both cases the remainder of the protein is transported to the periplasm. Thus both signal peptides effectively compete with each other for entrance to the secretion pathway. When the hydrophobicity of the second signal peptide is altered by small increments, we find that the more hydrophobic signal peptide is preferentially utilized. Thus, a more hydrophobic signal peptide can outcompete even an efficient wild-type signal sequence. The crossover point, for utilization of the second to the first signal peptide, is marked and occurs over a very small change in hydrophobicity. Our results suggest that the small differences in the hydrophobicity of wild-type signal peptides may have critical consequences: preproteins with the more hydrophobic signals could dominate one pathway, leaving those with only slightly less hydrophobic signals to require additional factors such as chaperonins, SecB, and other binding proteins.
Development of an application specific integrated circuit for reduction of contact bounce in three phase contactors

In this paper, a miniature control device capable of reducing contact bounce in three phase contactors is presented. The device is implemented using Alcatel-Mietec 2 /spl mu/m integrated circuit technology and operates by controlling the strength of the kinetic energy of the field flux by timing the coil energisation periods. The device performance is evaluated through a series of tests with line-to-line voltages of 75 and 300 V and a gap length of 2 mm. Results demonstrate that, with the appropriate input settings to the control device, it is possible to eliminate contact bounce substantially in all three phases. The mechanical characteristics of the contactor system determine the required setting for zero bounce. The ability to vary the input data results in a device which can be tailored to application with any type of switchgear. On completion of 5000 switching operations using the control device, the active area of erosion on each of the contact surfaces is reduced by a factor of up to 28% compared with contacts from tests where no control device is used. Furthermore, comparisons with previous studies indicate that the majority of the erosion that occurs with controlled switching is caused by arcing during the opening operation. Hence, it can be concluded that the frequency and duration of the arcs which occur during closing are substantially reduced by the use of the control device.
Emotion assessment for affective computing based on physiological responses

Information about a user's emotional state is a very important aspect of affective interaction with embodied conversational agents. Most research work aims at identifying emotions through speech or facial expressions. However, facial expressions and speech are not continuously available. Furthermore, in some cases, bio-signal data are also required in order to fully assess a user's emotional state. We aimed to recognize the six, basic, primary emotions proposed by Ekman, using a widely-available and low-cost brain-computer interface (BCI) and a biofeedback sensor that measures heart rate. We exposed participants to sets of 10 IAPS images that had been partially validated through a subjective rating protocol. Results showed that the collected signals allowed us identifying user's emotional state. In addition, a partial correlation between objective and subjective data can be observed.
A Controlled Study of the Onset, Duration and Prevalence of Postnatal Depression

In a two-stage screening procedure using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Goldberg's Standardised Psychiatric Interview, 232 women six months after delivery were compared with control women individually matched for age, marital status and number of children, obtained from general practitioner lists, who were not pregnant nor had had a baby in the previous 12 months. No significant difference in the point prevalence of depression at six months was found between the postnatal (9.1%) and control women (8.2%) nor in the six-month period prevalence (13.8% postnatal, 13.4% controls), but a threefold higher rate of onset of depression was found within five weeks of childbirth. The possible explanations relate to the long duration of depression in women with young children, and the stressful effect of childbirth and its psychosocial sequelae.
The clinical utility of expressing hearing thresholds in terms of the forward-going sound pressure wave

Abstract Objective: To assess the clinical utility of quantifying pure-tone hearing thresholds in terms of the forward-going sound pressure wave. Design: Sound pressure measurements in the ear canal were used to derive, with hearing threshold measurements, hearing thresholds expressed in terms of the forward-going sound pressure wave, hearing thresholds based on coupler-based calibration, and hearing thresholds expressed in terms of the sound pressure measured at the microphone. Study sample: Fifty-two adults, 18 to 34 years of age, served as the study group. Results: Audiogram configurations were similar up to 2000 Hz for the three expressions of hearing threshold, consistent with the ear canal acting as a simple volume up to this frequency. Above 2000 Hz, notable differences in hearing threshold were found, consistent with the acoustic input impedance of the ear differing from a rigid, hard-walled cavity. Repeat testing showed all three expressions of hearing threshold to be repeatable. High density measurements of hearing threshold from 3000 to 6000 Hz provided qualified support for the derivation of the forward-going sound pressure wave. Conclusions: Hearing thresholds expressed in terms of the forward-going sound pressure wave are repeatable, and with in-situ calibration, may be superior to the current coupler-based method.
Macrochaete gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a taxon morphologically and molecularly distinct from Calothrix

Historically, the genus Calothrix included all noncolonial, tapered, heterocytous filaments within the cyanobacteria. However, recent molecular phylogenies show that “Calothrix” defined in this sense represents five distinct clades. The type species of Calothrix is marine, with solitary basal heterocytes, no akinetes, and distal ends tapering abruptly into short hairs. We examined the morphology and phylogeny of 45 tapering cyanobacteria in the Rivulariaceae, including freshwater and marine representatives of both Calothrix (35 strains) and its sister taxon Rivularia (10 strains). The marine Calothrix fall into two lineages, but we lack the generitype and so cannot identify the clade corresponding to the type species. The freshwater and soil Calothrix fall into the C. parietina clade and are characterized by having a basal heterocyte, no akinetes, and gradual tapering—but not into a long hyaline hair. Macrochaete gen. nov. is a freshwater taxon sister to the Calothrix lineages but clearly separated from Rivularia. The species in this genus differ morphologically from Calothrix by their ability to produce two heteromorphic basal heterocytes and specific secondary structures of the 16S–23S ITS. An additional feature present in most species is the presence of a distal, long hyaline hair, but this character has incomplete penetrance due to its expression only under specific environmental conditions (low phosphate), and in one species appears to be lost. We recognize three species: M. psychrophila (type species) from cold environments (high mountains, Antarctica), M. santannae from wet walls of subtropical South America, and M. lichenoides, a phycobiont of lichens from Europe.
Prescribed Optimism: Is It Right to Be Wrong About the Future?

Personal predictions are often optimistically biased. This simple observation has troubling implications for psychologists, economists, and decision theorists concerned with rationality and the accuracy of self-knowledge (Armor & Taylor, 2002; Krizan & Windschitl, 2007; Sweeny, Carroll, & Shepperd, 2006). However, normative conclusions about the impropriety of optimistic bias rest on an untested assumption: that people desire to be accurate when making personal predictions. If people believe, rightly or wrongly, that unrealistic optimism has some value, then optimistic bias may be usefully understood as being consistent with people's values and beliefs.