Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance and created shareholders value

If managers have the ability to increase company efficiency, it is expected that the benefits will go directly to the shareholders. However, corporate governance is the most important tool for owners to monitor and control managers. The basic objective of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate governance on created shareholders value in listed companies in the market of Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample of present study includes 100 companies in stock whose data, for 5 consecutive years, from 2010 to 2012, was collected and statistically analyzed. Results of study showed inverse relation between manager’s ownership and Institutional ownership for stock holders, as well as significant relation between Ownership concentration and created shareholders value.
Provisioning and Non-Performing Exposures During the Financial Crisis: Are Italian Banks Special?

Using a sample of 500 Italian banks over the period 2007 - 2014, our paper provides evidence on the hypothesis behind the management of credit risk provisions and non-performing exposures for the entire banking system and for different types of banks, clustered on dimension. We also study on the behavior of riskier banks and offer an interpretation of higher provisions during recent episodes of unconventional monetary measures. We summarize our main results in these points. First, provisions of Italian banks support the earnings management and the capital management hypothesis, reflecting their procyclicality. Second, the evidence shows that banks with different dimensions do not have the same response to selected determinants. In particular, macroeconomic variables affect provisioning only for medium and large banks, the capital management hypothesis holds for cooperative and small banks, while the earnings management is not validated for large banks. Third, non-performing loans are highly persistent for cooperative and small banks, while the hypothesis regarding efficiency, profitability and risk-taking are confirmed in relation to non-performing loans. Fourth, we also observe that banks with weaknesses in credit risk practices have insufficient provisions and therefore need more non-discretionary income to enlarge their coverage capacity. They also violate the capital management hypothesis. Finally, results show increased sensitivity of provisions to earnings in 2011 - 2013, due to unconventional measures.
The normal and abnormal anatomy of the coronary arteries

Beneficial therapeutic options are increasingly available for coronary arterial disease. To take full advantage of these options, those performing the interventions require a thorough knowledge of the normal arrangement, and likely anatomic variations, of the coronary arterial system. A comprehensive appreciation of the architecture of the coronary arterial system, therefore, is crucial to optimal cardiac care. Simple attention to potential variations in the origin and course of the major coronary arteries can greatly enhance clinical outcomes. The objective of this review, therefore, is to describe the normal anatomical distribution of the coronary arteries in the human heart, and to list the most common arterial variations. Clin. Anat. 22:114–128, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High frequency stimulation abolishes thalamic network oscillations: an electrophysiological and computational analysis

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamus has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of epilepsy. To investigate the mechanism of action of thalamic DBS, we examined the effects of high frequency stimulation (HFS) on spindle oscillations in thalamic brain slices from ferrets. We recorded intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological activity in the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRt) and in thalamocortical relay (TC) neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus, stimulated the slice using a concentric bipolar electrode, and recorded the level of glutamate within the slice. HFS (100 Hz) of TC neurons generated excitatory post-synaptic potentials, increased the number of action potentials in both TC and nRt neurons, reduced the input resistance, increased the extracellular glutamate concentration, and abolished spindle wave oscillations. HFS of the nRt also suppressed spindle oscillations. In both locations, HFS was associated with significant and persistent elevation in extracellular glutamate levels and suppressed spindle oscillations for many seconds after the cessation of stimulation. We simulated HFS within a computational model of the thalamic network, and HFS also disrupted spindle wave activity, but the suppression of spindle activity was short-lived. Simulated HFS disrupted spindle activity for prolonged periods of time only after glutamate release and glutamate-mediated activation of a hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) was incorporated into the model. Our results suggest that the mechanism of action of thalamic DBS as used in epilepsy may involve the prolonged release of glutamate, which in turn modulates specific ion channels such as Ih, decreases neuronal input resistance, and abolishes thalamic network oscillatory activity.
Ownership Concentration and Initial Public Offering Performance: Empirical Evidence from Thailand

This study examines the relation between ownership concentration and both short-term and long-term IPO performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Thailand during 1989-1993 using several testable competing hypotheses. The empirical evidence reveals a positive relation between ownership concentration and IPO initial returns, in support of the information asymmetry hypothesis and the agency framework. This result implies large, "informed" investors have the ability to identify underpriced IPOs, leaving "uninformed" investors with less underpriced issues. In contrast to evidence from US firms, the post-issue performance of Thai IPOs indicates that IPOs with high ownership concentration underperform offerings with low ownership concentration. Concentrated ownership does not imply effective monitoring but is consistent with the notion that large shareholders expropriate wealth from minority shareholders. Both these findings are significant because the degree of information asymmetry is typically very high in emerging markets.
Buccal mucosa bleeding times of healthy dogs and of dogs in various pathologic states, including thrombocytopenia, uremia, and von Willebrand's disease.

The buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT; duration of hemorrhage from standardized cuts made with a spring-loaded disposable device in the mucosal surface of the upper lip) was used to evaluate the hemostatic competence of dogs. The mean (+/- SD) BMBT for 34 healthy dogs was 2.62 +/- 0.49 minutes. The BMBT of healthy dogs anesthetized with halothane or tranquilized with xylazine were not significantly different from the BMBT of healthy dogs evaluated without chemical restraint. The BMBT was significantly (P less than 0.01) prolonged 21 hours after aspirin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to 10 healthy dogs; however, the mean aspirin-induced increase in BMBT was only 0.40 minutes. The BMBT of 28 of 30 dogs with various diseases not traditionally associated with hemostatic deficiencies were near or within the range of BMBT for healthy dogs; however, 2 dogs had BMBT of greater than 8 minutes. In contrast, BMBT were prolonged in most dogs with diseases known to induce deficient primary hemostasis; the 3 dogs with thrombocytopenia (less than or equal to 20,000 platelets/microliter), the 7 Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease (von Willebrand factor antigen; less than or equal to 18 U/dl), and 5 of the 6 dogs with severe azotemia (serum urea nitrogen; greater than or equal to 124 mg/dl) had prolonged BMBT. The BMBT of 16 dogs were determined immediately before they were subjected to various surgical procedures, and the severity of the hemorrhage encountered during these procedures was subjectively evaluated; the amount of hemorrhage from 12 of the 16 dogs was considered to be appropriate for the corresponding surgical procedures, but the remaining 4 dogs bled excessively during surgery. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influences of top management team incentives on firm risk taking

In our work, the influences on subsequent firm risk taking of fixed incentives relative to variable incentives as well as the separate effects on subsequent corporate risk taking of variable incentives are examined. Focusing on the top management team members, we find a higher proportion of incentives that are devoted to fixed incentives relative to variable incentives tend to be inversely associated with subsequent firm risk taking. Managerial stock options are directly and uniformly associated with subsequent corporate risk taking. Executive shareholdings, however, display a curvilinear relationship with subsequent enterprise risk taking. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deletion of neuropeptide Y (NPY) 2 receptor in mice results in blockage of NPY-induced angiogenesis and delayed wound healing

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-aa peptide, is widely distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues. Whereas physiological roles of NPY as a hormone/neurotransmitter have been well studied, little is known about its other peripheral functions. Here, we report that NPY acts as a potent angiogenic factor in vivo using the mouse corneal micropocket and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Unlike vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessels induced by NPY had distinct vascular tree-like structures showing vasodilation. This angiogenic pattern was similar to that induced by fibroblast growth factor-2, and the angiogenic response was dose-dependent. In the developing chick embryo, NPY stimulated vascular sprouting from preexisting blood vessels. When [Leu31Pro34]NPY, a NPY-based analogue lacking high affinity for the NPY Y2 receptor but capable of stimulating both Y1 and Y5 receptors, was used in the corneal model, no angiogenic response could be detected. In addition, NPY failed to induce angiogenesis in Y2 receptor-null mice, suggesting that this NPY receptor subtype was mediating the angiogenic signal. In support of this finding, the Y2 receptor, but not Y1, Y4, or Y5 receptors, was found to be widely expressed in newly formed blood vessels. Further, a delay of skin wound healing with reduced neovascularization was found in Y2 receptor-null mice. These data demonstrate that NPY may play an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis and angiogenesis-dependent tissue repair.
An investigation of corporate Internet reporting in an emerging economy : a case study of Bangladesh

The main objective of the present study is to identify the extent of corporate internet reporting practices in an emerging economy through the extent of disclosing mandatory and voluntary information on the internet. It also addresses the determinants of such reporting practices. It uses sample from Bangladesh, an emerging capital market with few disclosure studies regarding corporate internet reporting. To measure the extent of mandatory and voluntary disclosure two self constructed checklists were used. The results of the checklist are analysed in total and by different categories. By using a sample size of 234 companies, both bivariate and multivariate analysis is performed to identify the determinants of mandatory and voluntary disclosure on the internet. The result indicates that about 90.70% companies have websites and all of them disclose a small amount of corporate information. While the extent of mandatory reporting is 66.24%, the extent of voluntary reporting is 35.46%. The telecommunication sector discloses the highest amount of mandatory information and the banking sector discloses the highest amount of voluntary information on the internet. The tannery sector discloses the lowest amount of mandatory and voluntary information. The result also reveals that audit firm’s international link, independent directors in the board and dual leadership structure have significant positive association and profitability measured by ROE has significant negative association with the level of disclosing of mandatory and voluntary information by the Bangladeshi companies. Although firm size, multinational parent, and industry type have significant positive association with the level of disclosing voluntary information, they are non-significant in mandatory disclosure. In addition, board size, ownership structure and company age has non- significant association with the level of both mandatory and voluntary disclosure. By providing the current status of disclosing mandatory and voluntary information on the internet, this study contributes to reduce the existing gap in the literature relating to emerging economies and helps to identify the need for international standards for this type of reporting.
Managerial positions of women in Spanish exporting SMEs

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence on Spanish Small and Medium Enterprises exporting activity of women in managerial positions. We distinguish women in three roles: as owners, as board members and as executive managers. Data were collected from System for Analysis of Iberian Balances database and the Spanish High Council of Chamber website. We built a sample of 266 Spanish exporting SMEs during the period 2000–2011, characterised by both financial stability and instability. Applying panel data methodology we observe that firms with executive women are more likely to export, have higher exported volumes, exhibit a more cautious selection of countries and exert a moderation effect in times of crisis. We also confirm the prudential character of women as owners while there are no significant results for women as board members. The paper has some implications for researches, SME’s governance and policymakers.
Effects of experimental muscle pain on electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in the rat

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of noxious chemical stimulation of a jaw muscle on postural electromyographic (EMG) activity from several masticatory muscles in lightly anesthetized rats. Unilateral injection of a substance known to induce acute muscle pain (5% NaCl) or longer duration of pain with inflammation (mustard oil) was made into the masseter muscle. The changes in EMG activity following the injection were recorded from the injected and contralateral masseter muscles and the ipsilateral digastric muscle. The algesic chemicals produced a significant but transient increase in EMG activity in all three muscles. The data from the present study and similar observations from clinical and experimental human studies suggest that increased activity from muscle nociceptors is not sufficient to produce a prolonged increase in postural EMG activity. Therefore, the development and maintenance of chronic jaw muscle pain does not appear to result from a feedback cycle mechanism. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
A mother wavelet selection study for vertical ground reaction force signals

Wavelet transform (WT) is a recent mathematical tool widely used in biomedical field. Its application enormously spans the field of signal and image processing. The first step in applying this transform is to select the appropriate mother wavelet (MW). However, there is no standard method in the literature that could be used to choose a convenient MW for the analysis of a given data. While few techniques have been proposed, the present work aims to select the optimum MW for Vertical Ground Reaction Force (VGRF) signals through the computation of the maximum compression ratio (CR). In this study, fifty-three orthogonal MWs have been analyzed using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Then, sequential steps have been applied on hundred signals extracted from participants walking at their usual speed. The obtained results show that sym1, db1, bior1.1 and rbio1.1 compress maximally the VGRF signals (50.56%). Therefore, the use of these MWs for VGRF signal analysis is recommended.
Product Market Regulation and Wage Premia in Europe and North America

Using new cross-country data on industry-specific product market regulations, this paper investigates the relationship between wage premia and some of the policy determinants of product market rents. Hourly wage premia in 2-digit manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries are estimated from detailed data on wage earnings in (or around) 1996 by category of worker (age, sex, education and type of contract) in 12 European and North-American countries. The effects of regulation on these wage premia are estimated by panel data regression techniques. We find that product market regulation restricting competition has a significant positive impact on wage premia in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries. However, in the latter industries, this effect is offset by a negative effect of legal public monopolies on wage premia. Since public ownership per se shows no relation to premia, we interpret this result as evidence of either a low-productivity trap due to x-inefficiency .
E-Commerce Usage in Hotel Industries Capabilities

E-commerce also known as the process of buying, selling, transferring or exchanging products, services and information via computer networks, including the internet. This study aims to determine the E-commerce usage in Malaysia hotel industries capabilities. Hotel industries are one of those which are fully beneficial from the Ecommerce. E-commerce service may fulfill the customer needs more easily and quickly without any time constraints. This research founds that there is a correlation between organizational capabilities with E-commerce usage dimensions (E-commerce technology resources, E-commerce management skills, E-commerce business network, E-commerce competency and E-commerce information network). The stepwise regression exhibited that E-commerce management skills is the most dominant predictor of organization capabilities. Practically, this research provides leaders organization in hotel industries with useful advice on E-commerce investment decision making.
Gas phase electronic spectra of the linear carbon chains HC2n+1H (n=3–6,9)

The B 3Σu−←X 3Σg− transitions of HC13H and HC19H have been measured in the gas phase, exhibiting broad, Lorentzian shaped bands. More extensive A 3Σu−←X 3Σg− spectra have been observed for HC2n+1H (n=3–6) than before with many new vibronic bands identified. The spectra were obtained by means of a mass selective resonant two-color two-photon ionization technique coupled to a supersonic plasma source. The electronic structures of this series of molecules (n=2–9) in both the ground and excited states have been investigated using DFT, MP2, and state-averaged CASSCF theories. The three lowest dipole allowed electronic transition systems are A 3Σu−←X 3Σg−, B 3Σu−←X 3Σg−, and C 3Πu←X 3Σg−, located, for the smaller members of the series, in the visible, UV and VUV range, respectively. The A 3Σu−←X 3Σg− system is found to be of medium intensity and the B 3Σu−←X 3Σg− transition is predicted to be very strong. This is a result of configuration mixing in the excited states. The oscillator strength of the lowest energ.
Prospective study of microscopic lymph node involvement of the hepatic pedicle during curative hepatectomy for colorectal metastases

Extensive lymph node dissection of the hepatic pedicle was undertaken in 100 consecutive patients undergoing curative hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in whom lymph node involvement of the hepatic pedicle was not macroscopically detectable. Microscopic lymph node involvement was found in 14 patients, in very different lymph node sites, and was related only to the number of metastases, extent of liver involvement and carcinoembryonic antigen level (all P< 0·05).
A Study on Comparative Analysis for Competitiveness of Success Factors of the Platform Business

글로벌 시장에서 플랫폼비즈니스의 중요성이 높아지고 있지만 국내에서는 글로벌 경쟁력을 갖춘 플랫폼비즈니스가 출현하지 않고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 국내 플랫폼비즈니스와 글로벌 플랫폼비즈니스의 6가지 성공요소에 대한 경쟁력을 비교 분석하였다. 이를 위해 국내 ICT 분야 종사자 104명을 대상으로 SNS서비스(.
Crosstalk between skin inflammation and adipose tissue-derived products: pathogenic evidence linking psoriasis to increased adiposity

ABSTRACT Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder associated with several comorbid conditions. In psoriasis pathogenesis, the role of some cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-17, has been elucidated. Beside their pro-inflammatory activity, they may also affect glucose and lipid metabolism, possibly promoting insulin resistance and obesity. On the other hand, adipose tissue, secreting adipokines such as chemerin, visfatin, leptin, and adiponectin, not only regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, and endothelial cell function regulation, but it may contribute to inflammation. Areas covered: This review provides an updated ‘state-of-the-art’ about the reciprocal contribution of a small subset of conventional cytokines and adipokines involved in chronic inflammatory pathways, upregulated in both psoriasis and increased adiposity. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed Medline database for primary articles. Expert commentary: Because psoriasis is associated with increased adiposity, it would be important to define the contribution of chronic skin inflammation to the onset of obesity and vice versa. Clarifying the pathogenic mechanism underlying this association, a therapeutic strategy having favorable effects on both psoriasis and increased adiposity could be identified.
Innovation Speed: A Conceptual Model of Context, Antecedents, and Outcomes

There is a growing recognition that innovation speed is important to a firm's creating and sustaining competitive advantage amidst rapidly changing business environments. However, there has been little theoretical advancement or model building regarding when innovation speed is appropriate, what factors speed up innovations, and how differences in speed affect project outcomes. In this article, we organize and integrate the innovation speed literature, develop a conceptual framework of innovation speed, and offer researchable propositions relating to the need for and antecedents and outcomes of innovation speed. Specifically, we argue that innovation speed (a) is most appropriate in environments characterized by competitive intensity, technological and market dynamism, and low regulatory restrictiveness; (b) can be positively or negatively affected by strategic-orientation factors and organizational-capability factors; and (c) has an influence on development costs, product quality, and ultimately project .