Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informality and Overeducation in the Labor Market of a Developing Country

In this paper, we explore the connection between labor market segmentation in two sectors, a modern protected formal sector and a traditional- unprotected-informal sector, and overeducation in a developing country. Informality is thought to have negative consequences, primarily through poorer working conditions, lack of social security, as well as low levels of productivity throughout the economy. This paper considers an aspect that has not been previously addressed, namely the fact that informality might also affect the way workers match their actual education with that required performing their job. We use micro-data from Colombia to test the relationship between overeducation and informality. Empirical results suggest that, once the endogeneity of employment choice has been accounted for, formal male workers are less likely to be overeducated. Interestingly, the propensity of being overeducated among women does not seem to be closely related to the employment choice.
The Effect of Vestibular Stimulation on Motor Functions of Children With Cerebral Palsy.

BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (CP) has been defined as a nonprogressive disease of movement and posture development. Physical therapy techniques use different forms of sensory stimulation to improve neuromotor development. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a vestibular stimulation training in improving motor functions in cerebral palsy. POPULATION Fourteen children with CP were randomly separated into two different groups in a cross-over trial. METHODS Over a period of 10 weeks, each group performed 10 sessions of 50 min of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and 10 sessions of vestibular training (VR). Children were evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 scale, the Goal Attainment Scale and the root mean square of head accelerations. RESULTS A significant improvement in the GAS-score (p = .003) was noted after NDT+VR. CONCLUSIONS Vestibular stimulation integrated with NDT proved to be an effective complementary strategy for facilitating motor functioning.
A National Survey of Aging Curriculum in Schools of Social Work.

The present studv reports the results of a nationwide survey which examined the current status of gerontological education in B.S.W. and M.S.W. proprams. The survey findings register a decline in gerontological curricula but an increase in student intrest in aging. The survey also notes that lack of trained faculty and a full curriculum are most often mentioned as major barriers to further gerontological curricula development. The paper considers implications of these findings along with recommendations for expanding aging content at both the undergraduate and graduate level of social work education.
Analysis of finite microstrip structures using an efficient implementation of the integral equation technique

An efficient numerical implementation of the integral equation technique (IE) has been developed for the analysis of the electrical characteristics of finite microstrip structures. The technique formulates a volume version of the IE for the finite dielectric objects and a standard surface IE technique for the metallic areas. The system of integral equations formulated is solved with special numerical techniques described in this paper. The input impedances of several microstrip antennas have been computed, showing good agreement with respect measurements. The technique has shown to be accurate, even for complex geometries containing several stacked dielectric layers. The radiation patterns of the structures have also been computed, and measured results from real manufactured hardware confirm that backside radiation and secondary lobes are accurately predicted by the theoretical model. The paper also discuss a suitable excitation model for finite size ground planes and investigates the possibilities for an independent meshing of the metallic areas and the dielectric objects inside a given geometry. The practical value of the approach derived is that microstrip circuits can be designed, minimizing the volume and size of the dielectric substrates.
Dengue during Pregnancy: A Study of Thirteen Cases

Problem statement: The principal aim was to evaluate the effects of dengue virus infection by dengue during pregnancy and analyze the histopathology of the placenta. Approach: A retrospective study was conducted with 13 pregnant women with dengue confirmed in the period from January-December 2002, during a widespread dengue type 3 epidemic in Rio de Janeiro. Maternal and newborn data were collected from patient files and medical records during hospitalization for research for identification of dengue IgM antibodies (PanBio, Australia). Virus isolation was performed on all fatal cases and anathomopathological studies and immunohistochemistry of the placenta were carried out in three cases. Results: Among the 13 women, 11 (84, 6%) were infected in the third quarter of pregnancy, 6 (54, 5%) of which resulting in premature birth and 4 cases (30, 7%) were classified as DHF, causing 2 deaths. Intense abdominal pain afflicted 6 patients (46, 2%) and 5 newborns presented low weight, however appropriate for the gestacional age. Conclusion: Dengue virus infection in pregnancy increases premature birth risk, especially if the infection occurs in the last quarter of pregnancy.
Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes

Abstract. Controlled laboratory studies of the physical and chemical properties of sea spray aerosol (SSA) must be under-pinned by a physically and chemically accurate representation of the bubble-mediated production of nascent SSA particles. Bubble bursting is sensitive to the physico-chemical properties of seawater. For a sample of seawater, any important differences in the SSA production mechanism are projected into the composition of the aerosol particles produced. Using direct chemical measurements of SSA at the single-particle level, this study presents an intercomparison of three laboratory-based, bubble-mediated SSA production schemes: gas forced through submerged sintered glass filters ("frits"), a pulsed plunging-waterfall apparatus, and breaking waves in a wave channel filled with natural seawater. The size-resolved chemical composition of SSA particles produced by breaking waves is more similar to particles produced by the plunging waterfall than those produced by sintered glass filters. Aerosol generated by disintegrating foam produced by sintered glass filters contained a larger fraction of organic-enriched particles and a different size-resolved elemental composition, especially in the 0.8–2 μm dry diameter range. Interestingly, chemical differences between the methods only emerged when the particles were chemically analyzed at the single-particle level as a function of size; averaging the elemental composition of all particles across all sizes masked the differences between the SSA samples. When dried, SSA generated by the sintered glass filters had the highest fraction of particles with spherical morphology compared to the more cubic structure expected for pure NaCl particles produced when the particle contains relatively little organic carbon. In addition to an intercomparison of three SSA production methods, the role of the episodic or "pulsed" nature of the waterfall method on SSA composition was under-taken. In organic-enriched seawater, the continuous operation of the plunging waterfall resulted in the accumulation of surface foam and an over-expression of organic matter in SSA particles compared to those produced by a pulsed plunging waterfall. Throughout this set of experiments, comparative differences in the SSA number size distribution were coincident with differences in aerosol particle composition, indicating that the production mechanism of SSA exerts important controls on both the physical and chemical properties of the resulting aerosol with respect to both the internal and external mixing state of particles. This study provides insight into the inextricable physicochemical differences between each of the bubble-mediated SSA generation mechanisms tested and the aerosol particles that they produce, and also serves as a guideline for future laboratory studies of SSA particles.
Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and safety of three formulations of infliximab (CT-P13, EU-approved reference infliximab and the US-licensed reference infliximab) in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, single-dose, Phase I study

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and tolerability of biosimilar infliximab (CT-P13 [Remsima®, Inflectra®]) with two formulations of the reference medicinal product (RMP) (Remicade®) from either Europe (EU-RMP) or the USA (US-RMP). Methods: This was a double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group study (EudraCT number: 2013–003173-10). Healthy subjects received single doses (5 mg/kg) of CT-P13 (n = 71), EU-RMP (n = 71) or US-RMP (n = 71). The primary objective was to compare the PK profiles for the three formulations. Assessments of comparative safety and tolerability were secondary objectives. Results: Baseline demographics were well balanced across the three groups. Primary end points (Cmax, AUClast and AUCinf) were equivalent between all formulations (CT-P13 vs EU-RMP; CT-P13 vs US-RMP; EU-RMP vs US-RMP). All other PK end points supported the high similarity of the three treatments. Tolerability profiles of the formulations were similar. Conclusion: The PK profile of CT-P13 is highly similar to EU-RMP and US-RMP. All three formulations were equally well tolerated.
A prospective comparative study of chlorhexidine-alchohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical site antisepsis in clean contaminated surgery

Background: Experience with surgical site infection after any surgical procedure is vast and spans generations of surgeons. Worldwide, surgeons use chlorhexidine-alchohol or povidone iodine as pre-operative skin cleansing agent. But it is still unknown that which one is better as there is no recommendation till date and is a topic of major debate among surgeons. Methods: A hospital based Prospective Comparative Study was undertaken among pre-operative skin swab culture positive patients who have undergone clean-contaminated surgery in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata to compare between efficacy of Cholorhexidine-Alcohol and Povidone- Iodine as skin cleansing agent for prevention of surgical site infection. All the patients were followed-up for 30 days post-operatively for any evidence of wound infection. If the post-operative wound infection was due to same organism that was present in pre-operative skin swab culture report, then failure of skin cleansing agent was considered. Any specific sensitivity/resistance of any organism to specific skin cleansing agent were also noted. Results: Among the 90 patients under the study pre-operative antisepsis was found to be successful for 67(74.4%) patients. Cure rate for povidone iodine group (69.4%) was less than Cholorhexidine-alcohol group (80.5%). So, Cholorhexidine-alcohol found to have more strong pre-operative antiseptic action in the study but this difference was not statistically significant (p value0.229). Regarding specific organism sensitivity, both the agents were also comparable. Conclusion: Pre-operative skin cleansing plays a vital role in determining the surgical outcome. There is a need to conduct more in depth analytical studies for evaluation of specific sensitivity/resistance of micro- organisms against specific skin cleansing agent for appropriate selection of pre-operative skin cleansing agent to prevent post-operative surgical wound infection.
Waiting for the Second Treat: Developing Culture-Specific Modes of Self-Regulation.

The development of self-regulation has been studied primarily in Western middle-class contexts and has, therefore, neglected what is known about culturally varying self-concepts and socialization strategies. The research reported here compared the self-regulatory competencies of German middle-class (N = 125) and rural Cameroonian Nso preschoolers (N = 76) using the Marshmallow test (Mischel, 2014). Study 1 revealed that 4-year-old Nso children showed better delay-of-gratification performance than their German peers. Study 2 revealed that culture-specific maternal socialization goals and interaction behaviors were related to delay-of-gratification performance. Nso mothers' focus on hierarchical relational socialization goals and responsive control seems to support children's delay-of-gratification performance more than German middle-class mothers' emphasis on psychological autonomous socialization goals and sensitive, child-centered parenting.
Multiple Sclerosis: Association to HLA DQα in a Tropical Population

Studies performed in subtropical populations have found significant association between the phenotype multiple sclerosis (MS) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We present the results of a case-control study conducted on a tropical population (Antioquia, Colombia) in order to detect a possible association between MS and HLA DQα (HLA DQA1*) alleles. Forty chromosomes belonging to MS patients were compared to two sets of controls (40 and 910 chromosomes, respectively). The HLA DQA1*0101 and DQA1*0102 alleles were found in a significantly higher proportion among the cases than among the controls, whereas the HLA DQA1*0103 allele was found in a significantly lower proportion of the cases. These results suggest that the association of HLA DQA1*0101, DQA1*0102 and DQA1*0103 to the MS phenotype found in Caucasian subtropical populations remains in individuals with MS inhabiting the tropics. This finding could mean that the major genetic component associated to the MHC in subtropical populations is the same in the tropics.
Functionally similar species have similar dynamics

1. Improving the mechanistic basis of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships requires a better understanding of how functional traits drive the dynamics of populations. For example, environmental disturbances or grazing may increase synchronization of functionally similar species, whereas functionally different species may show independent dynamics, because of different responses to the environment. Competition for resources, on the other hand, may yield a wide range of dynamic patterns among competitors and lead functionally similar and different species to display synchronized to compensatory dynamics. The mixed effect of these forces will influence the temporal fluctuations of populations and, thus, the variability of aggregate community properties.
Manifestations of Munchausen syndrome by proxy in pediatric gastroenterology.

During the past years, Munchausen syndrome by proxy has received considerable attention and has taken its place among other forms of child abuse. The critical relevance of this entity to the pediatrician emerged in 1977 when Meadow reported the first cases (1). The syndrome is described as the persistent fabrication of symptoms or actual illness in young children by parents, usually the mother. Recently, an increasing number of cases have been reported in which the father is the perpetrator (2). The underlying psychopathologic structure is difficult to identify (3). The main, if not sole benefit for the perpetrating parent lies in the leading role she or he plays during repeated hospital admissions as the medical staff puzzles over the child’s problem. The physician who is involved with these patients may unwittingly participate in this form of child abuse. In general, the child undergoes many unnecessary investigations and procedures (1,4). There are few data about the epidemiology of this syndrome. In the United Kingdom, McClure et al. (5) have reported on the incidence of Munchausen syndrome by proxy combined with nonaccidental poisoning and nonaccidental suffocation. The annual incidence in children aged under 16 years was at least 0.5/100,000 and in children aged under 1 year at least 2.8/100,000. It is the general impression that awareness of the condition is increasing and that more cases are being reported. A broad scale of manifestations has been described of which gastroenterologic manifestations are a substantial part, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and failure to thrive (6). In this report, we attempt to collect all manifestations of Munchausen syndrome by proxy that pediatric gastroenterologists have observed, to increase the awareness of the condition. METHODS
Lambda Interferon Is the Predominant Interferon Induced by Influenza A Virus Infection In Vivo

ABSTRACT The type I alpha/beta interferons (IFN-α/β) are known to play an important role in host defense against influenza A virus infection, but we have now discovered that the recently identified type III IFNs (IFN-λ) constitute the major response to intranasal infection with this virus. Type III IFNs were present at much higher levels than type I IFNs in the lungs of infected mice, and the enhanced susceptibility of STAT2−/− animals demonstrated that only signaling through the IFN-α/β or IFN-λ pathways was sufficient to mediate protection. This finding offers a possible explanation for the similar levels of antiviral protection found in wild-type (WT) mice and in animals lacking a functional type I IFN receptor (IFNAR−/−) but also argues that our current understanding of type III IFN induction is incomplete. While murine IFN-λ production is thought to depend on signaling through the type I IFN receptor, we demonstrate that intranasal influenza A virus infection leads to the robust type III IFN induction in the lungs of both WT and IFNAR−/− mice. This is consistent with previous studies showing that IFNAR-mediated protection is redundant for mucosal influenza virus infection and with data showing that the type III IFN receptor is expressed primarily by epithelial cells. However, the overlapping effects of these two cytokine families are limited by their differential receptor expression, with a requirement for IFN-α/β signaling in combating systemic disease.
Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Although clinical picture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a stereotypical one, resulting from combination of signs secondary to dysfunction of both upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN), clinical heterogeneity is a consistent feature of the disease. Age of onset, relative mix of UMN and LMN signs, duration of the disease and association with other conditions are major factors contributing to variable clinical phenotypes. Genetically, familial forms of ALS are associated with a large number of pleiotropic genes whose mutations impair different biochemical pathways, resulting in overlapping clinical and pathological phenotypes. Over the last few years contribution of large‐ and low‐effect genes to sporadic ALS is increasingly recognized.
Differential localization of putative amino acid receptors in taste buds of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

The taste system of catfish, having distinct taste receptor sites for L‐alanine and L‐arginine, is highly sensitive to amino acids. A previously described monoclonal antibody (G‐10), which inhibits L‐alanine binding to a partial membrane fraction (P2) derived from catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) taste epithelium, was found in Western blots to recognize a single band, at apparent MW of 113,000 D. This MW differs from the apparent MW for the presumed arginine receptor identified previously by PHA‐E lectin affinity. In order to test whether PHA‐E lectin actually reacts with the arginine‐receptor, reconstituted membrane proteins partially purified by PHA‐E affinity were used in artificial lipid bilayers. These reconstituted channels exhibited L‐arginine‐activated activity similar to that found in taste cell membranes. Accordingly, we utilized the PHA‐E lectin and G‐10 antibody as probes to differentially localize the L‐alanine and L‐arginine binding sites on the apical surface of catfish taste buds. Each probe labels numerous, small (0.5–1.0 μm) patches within the taste pore of each taste bud. This observation suggests that each bud is not tuned to a single taste substance, but contains putative receptor sites for both L‐arginine and L‐alanine. Further, analysis of double‐labeled tissue reveals that the PHA‐E and G‐10 sites tend to be separate within each taste pore. These findings imply that in catfish, individual taste cells preferentially express receptors to either L‐arginine or L‐alanine. In addition, PHA‐E binds to the apices of solitary chemoreceptor cells in the epithelium, indicating that this independent chemoreceptor system may utilize some receptor sites similar to those in taste buds. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Use of Lecture Capture and Student Performance in Physiology

Lecture capture technology is fairly new and has gained interest among higher institutions, faculty and students alike.Live-lecture (LL) is captured in real-time and this recording, LC, is made available for students to access for later use,whether it be for review purpose or to replace a missed class. Student performance was compared between thoseattending LL only and the other group utilizing LC in addition to LL in two randomly chosen lectures. We found thatthe overall exam performance was indistinguishable between the LL and the LC groups. Additionally, there was nosignificant difference in student performance between the two groups on questions that originated from these twolectures. Subsequently, the exam questions that came from these two lectures were separated into three Bloom’s levels:memorization questions (MQ), comprehension questions (CQ), and application questions (AQ). Once again, there wasno significant difference between these three tiers of questions. Additionally, we explored whether it is students withhigher grades or lower grades in this course that were viewing LC and found that there was no correlation. This studythus suggests that LC is utilized by students of all grade levels but its exploitation is not associated with a gradeenhancement at distinctive Bloom’s levels.
mTOR and GSK 3 differentially regulate LPS-induced IL-12 production in dendritic cells

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated IL-12 expression in dendritic cells (DCs). We show here that two signaling pathways downstream of PI3K, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), differentially regulate the expression of IL-12 in LPS-stimulated DCs. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, enhanced IL-12 production in LPS-stimulated DCs, while the activation of mTOR by lentivirus-mediated transduction of a constitutively active form of Rheb suppressed the production of IL-12. The inhibition of protein secretion or deletion of IL-10 cancelled the effect of rapamycin, indicating that mTOR regulates IL-12 expression through an autocrine action of IL-10. In contrast, GSK3 positively regulates IL-12 production through an IL-10-independent pathway. Rapamycin-treated DCs enhanced Th1 induction in vitro compared to untreated DCs. LiCl, an inhibitor of GSK3, suppressed a Th1 response upon Leishmania major infection in vivo. These results suggest that mTOR and GSK3 pathways regulate the Th1/Th2 balance though the regulation of IL-12 expression in DCs. The signaling pathway downstream of PI3K would be a good target to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance in immune responses in vivo. For personal use only. on August 31, 2017. by guest www.bloodjournal. org From