Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Reviewing the Hedge Funds Literature I : Hedge Funds and Hedge Fund ’ s Managerial Characteristics

This paper summarizes the literature on hedge funds (HFs) developed over the last two decades, particularly that which relates to managerial characteristics (a companion piece covers the risk management characteristics of HFs). It classifies, the current HF literature, suggesting which critical problems have been “solved” and which problems have not been yet adequately addressed. It also discusses the effects of past financial regulation and the prospects for the effect of new financial regulation on the HF industry and its performance and risk management practices, and suggests new avenues for research. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of managerial characteristics for HF performance, and the successes and the shortfalls to date in developing more sophisticated HF-related risk management tools. JEL Classification Code: G20, G23
Early Dynamics of Plant Communities on Revegetated Motorway Slopes from Southern Spain: Is Hydroseeding Always Needed?

The increasing global rate of road construction is leading to a parallel increase of areas of degraded soil conditions and steep slopes that need revegetation. Hydroseeding with commercial seeds of fast‐growing grasses and legumes is a common practice in revegetation of motorway slopes. We carried out 3 years of monitoring of vegetation dynamics on hydroseeded and nonhydroseeded motorway slopes (48 slopes) in a maritime Mediterranean zone in Málaga (southern Spain). Our main objectives were to test whether hydroseeding significantly increases species richness and plant cover and whether hydroseeded species act as starters, facilitating the establishment of the vegetation and quickly disappearing once the communities are established. A hydroseeding success index (HSI, ranging from 0 to 1) was used to assess the relative abundance over time of the 14 species from the hydroseeding mixture. Species richness and cover was significantly higher on embankments (50–70 species per embankment, 80–90% cover) than on roadcuts (6–10 species per roadcut, 18–30% cover). Performance of hydroseeded species was poor from the very beginning (HSI, 0.2–0.3). On embankments, either presence or abundance of hydroseeded species did not significantly vary throughout the study. Both hydroseeded and nonhydroseeded communities exhibited a significant decrease in species richness, a significant increase in plant cover, and a highly dynamic species composition over time, with Sorensen index of 0.3–0.5 between years. There were no significant differences in plant cover, species richness, and aboveground biomass between hydroseeded and nonhydroseeded plots on embankments throughout the study. Our results demonstrate that there are situations in which the use of hydroseeding for revegetation is not needed. Further research should focus on understanding the establishment of autochthonous species and identifying environmental conditions under which the addition of commercial seeds may not be needed, or indeed situations where it may be harmful in suppressing autochthonous species.
Nitrate deposition to surface snow at Summit, Greenland, following the 9 November 2000 solar proton event

This study considers whether spikes in nitrate in snow sampled at Summit, Greenland, from August 2000 to August 2002 are related to solar proton events. After identifying tropospheric sources of nitrate on the basis of correlations with sulfate, ammonium, sodium, and calcium, we use the three‐dimensional global Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) to examine unaccounted for nitrate spikes. Model calculations confirm that solar proton events significantly impact HOx, NOx, and O3 levels in the mesosphere and stratosphere during the weeks and months following the major 9 November 2000 solar proton event. However, solar proton event (SPE)‐enhanced NOy calculated within the atmospheric column is too small to account for the observed nitrate peaks in surface snow. Instead, our WACCM results suggest that nitrate spikes not readily accounted for by measurement correlations are likely of anthropogenic origin. These results, consistent with other recent studies, imply that nitrate spikes in ice cores are not suitable proxies for individual SPEs and motivate the need to identify alternative proxies.
The life history and biology of Aphthona russica sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), a potential biological control agent of leafy spurge.

Leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. , a complex of species of Eurasian origin, is an aggressive deep-rooted perennial weed in rangelands of North America. A biocontrol project against this weed started in 1962. Since then 17 insect species were released in order to control leafy spurge in USA and Canada. In particular, six species of the genus Aphthona have been released and five of these are established (Julien, 1992; Gassmann and Schroeder, 1995; Gassmann , 1996; Gassmann et al., 1996). However, economic losses caused by this noxious weed are still extremely high (see Gassmann et al., 1996). For this reason an exploration for new biocontrol agents was conducted in 3 regions of Russia (Northern Caucasus, Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia) during the summer of 1998. Biological observations of Aphthona russica sp. nov., found in the Krasnodar territory of North West Caucasus, were made to evaluate its potential to control leafy spurge in North
Diversity and distribution of stream fishes of Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia

Fishes from five streams in Gunung Machinchang and six streams in Gunung Raya areas of Pulau Langkawi were surveyed with the aim to investigate their diversity and distribution. Fish samples were collected from 23rd to 29th November 2007. Samplings took place along the 50 m reach of each of the site using an electrofisher and scoop nets. A total of 619 individuals of fish comprising 27 species and 14 families were recorded. Sixty-six percent from the taxa listed were of the cyprinids and Puntius binotatus was the most abundant species. Carassius auratus auratus was recorded for the first time in Pulau Langkawi. Streams of the Gunung Machinchang area were dominated by secondary freshwater fish species, but in the Gunung Raya area the streams were dominated by primary freshwater fish species. The highest diversity of fish was recorded for Sg. Kubang Badak with Simpson Index Ds = 0.838 and the lowest was for Sg. Perangin with Ds = 0.450. The highest evenness index of fish species was detected for Sg. Temurun with Es = 0.684 and the lowest was for Sg. Perangin with Es = 0.299. Species overlapping between streams of the two areas was 9.6%.
Quality of life of violent and sexual offenders in community-based forensic psychiatric treatment

Subjective well-being is a common outcome measure in the evaluation of treatment in general psychiatry, but not yet in forensic psychiatry. The impact of quality of life, defined in terms of objective indicators and subjective well-being, on criminal recidivism is unknown. Several criminological theories, such as Ward's good lives model, point at a possible relationship. In a study of male forensic psychiatric outpatients suffering from personality disorders, the quality of life of sexual and violent offenders was compared, using the Dutch version of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. The results indicated that although sexual offenders and violent offenders hardly differed on objective indicators of quality of life, their judgments of their subjective well-being differed significantly. Sexual offenders were more satisfied in general and in particular with their family relationships, safety, and health. For both groups, different objective and subjective indicators correlated with global well-being. Assessment of domain-specific objective and subjective issues and global well-being, at the beginning of treatment, may improve the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of life of the forensic patient.
GALAXY–MASS CORRELATIONS ON 10 Mpc SCALES IN THE DEEP LENS SURVEY

We examine the projected correlation of galaxies with mass from small scales (<few hundred kpc), where individual dark matter halos dominate, out to 15 Mpc, where correlated large-scale structure dominates. We investigate these profiles as a function of galaxy luminosity and redshift. Selecting 0.8 million galaxies in the Deep Lens Survey, we use photometric redshifts and stacked weak gravitational lensing shear tomography out to radial scales of 1° from the centers of foreground galaxies. We detect correlated mass density from multiple halos and large-scale structure at radii larger than the virial radius and find the first observational evidence for growth in the galaxy–mass correlation on 10 Mpc scales with decreasing redshift and fixed range of luminosity. For a fixed range of redshift, we find a scaling of projected halo mass with rest-frame luminosity similar to previous studies at lower redshift. We control systematic errors in shape measurement and photometric redshift, enforce volume completeness through absolute magnitude cuts, and explore residual sample selection effects via simulations.
DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN INDIAN MOBILE TELECOM SECTOR-A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

The Indian telecom sectoris witnessing an unprecedented growth for the past few years. With the introduction of Mobile Number Portability ( MNP )in 2010, the customer is free to switch to any service provider of his choice without any cost. Hence the telecom companies are faced with the challenge of preventing customer churn and retaining the existing customer base . The increase in the number of service providers has aggravated the competition and customer acquisition costs in this industry . Under these circumstances , retaining the existing customers by enhancing customer loyalty and customer value has become a core marketing strategy of the service providers. They have to identify the factors that contributes to loyalty so as to achieve a competitive edge . The present study is a conceptual analysis of the factors influencing customer loyalty in mobile telecom industry . In this study , an exploratory research method based on archive method has been adopted to identify the key determinants of customer loyalty. Based on the literature review, it is revealed that factors like service quality, price, customer relationship management and corporate image contribute to customer satisfaction which ultimately increases customer loyalty in mobile telecom sector. It is also revealed that apart from satisfaction, trust is also a significant factor affecting customer loyalty . A conceptual model is developed based on the research that shows the relationship between these variables and customer loyalty.
Psychological Traits Of Mixed-Ethnic Arab-European Adolescents In Israel

This study compared the psychological characteristics of 127 mixed-ethnic Arab-European adolescents and 196 mono-ethnic Arabs aged between 12 and 18 years who resided in Israel. Findings revealed significant differences in favor of the mono-ethnic participants in areas of self-esteem, quality of life, environmental mastery, and positive relations with others. In a similar pattern where higher scores are indicative of worse adjustment, mixed-ethnic adolescents, had significantly higher scores than their mono-ethnic counterparts on psycho-physiological symptoms, anxiety, and depression. In terms of Arab ethnic identification, differences between mixedand mono-ethnic participants were found to be non-significant. At the ego identity level, the study's mixed-ethnic adolescents were significantly more often identified as 'diffused' subjects, and significantly less often identified as having attained an 'achieved' ego identity in comparison to their mono-ethnic Arab peers. This research was supported by Gates Cambridge University Trust, the Overseas Research Student Award Scheme, the Department of Social and Developmental Psychology at the University of Cambridge, and Wolfson College.
Noun incorporation in Greenlandic: A case of syntactic word formation

In Greenlandic Eskimo, a polysynthetic language, the word-building apparatus performs much of the work that is accomplished by the syntax of more familiar languages. In particular, numerous processes in this language create verbs from nouns. Evidence of a quite unusual sort shows that these n6un-incorporation processes must follow certain ordinary syntactic rules, such as case assignment and modifier-noun agreement. The language thus falsifies pronouncements concerning the independence of syntax and word formation based on data from languages that are typologically very different from Greenlandic. *
Historical and potential extinction of shrub and tree species through deforestation in the department of Antioquia, Colombia

We assessed the expected historical and current species richness of shrubs and trees in the Department of Antioquia, northwest region of Colombia. We used the Fisher's alpha value associated with the pooled dataset of identified species in 16 1-ha plots that were used to extrapolate the scaled species richness of the Antioquia Province under three different scenarios: 1) the entire region before deforestation began, assuming an original forest cover of around 92% of the entire province (excluding paramos, rivers, and lakes). 2) The forest cover in 2010. 3) The expected forest cover in 2100 assuming the observed deforestation rate between 2000 and 2010 as a constant. We found that, despite relatively low local and global losses of species, global extinctions in terms of number of species could be dramatically high due to the high endemism and deforestation rates.
Arbitrage Crashes and the Speed of Capital

The imminent failure of prime brokers during the 2008 financial crisis caused a sudden decrease in the leverage afforded hedge funds. This decrease resulted from the asymmetrical payoff to rehypothecation lenders—the ultimate financiers, through prime brokers, to hedge funds. Seemingly long-term debt capital became short-term capital creating a duration mismatch between left-hand side arbitrage opportunities and right-hand side liabilities. Consequently, arbitrageurs became unable to maintain similar prices of similar assets. Mispricing magnitudes, and the time required to correct them, reflect the role of arbitrageurs in maintaining accurate prices during normal times and offer an estimate of discounts at which assets transact during crises.
Nutrient characterization of stored liquid hog manure

Campbell, A.J., MacLeod, J.A. and Stewart, C. 1997. Nutrient characterization of stored liquid hog manure. Can. Agric. Eng. 39:043-048. Liquid swine manure from eight Prince Edward Island concrete storage facilities was sampled at three depths in the fall of 1992. Samples were analysed for dry matter (OM), NH4+-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and B. Ory matter content and most nutrient concentrations declined as sampling depth increased except K and B which had the highest concentration at the mid depth. Samples taken from the mid depth generally represented the average manure nutrient concentrations in the storage. There were significant differences between farms on a volume basis for all parameters except P, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Fe and on a OM basis except for NH4+-N, Mg, and Mn. High manure Cu concentrations on some farms suggests that Cu toxicity problems could occur over time with high annual application rates on low pH soils. A regression analysis of the nutrient concentrations against OM indicated that P, Ca, Mg, S, Mn. and Fe could be predicted if DM content were known but OM content was not helpful in predicting NH4+-N, Zn, K, B, or Cu. Ou Iisier de porc provenant de huit reservoirs de beton situes sur des fermes de I'lle du Prince Edouard, a ete echantillonne it trois profondeurs durant l'automne 1992. Chaque echantillon a ete analyse afin de determiner son contenu en matiere seche, NH4+-N. P, K. Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe et B. Le contenu en matiere seche de meme que la plupart des concentrations des composanles ont diminue avec l'augmentation de la profondeur de I'echantillonnage. exception faite de K et B qui ont eu une concentration maximale it une profondeur moyenne. Les echantillons obtenus it profondeur moyenne ont generalement ete represenlatifs de la composition moyenne des Iisiers entreposes. II y a eu, de fa~on significative, des differences entre les lisiers de chaque ferme pour tous les parametres ctudies sur une base volumetrique, exception faite de P, Mg. Zn. Mn et Fe, et pour tous les parametres etudies sur une base de matiere seche, exception faite de NH4+-N, Mg et Mn. De hautes concentrations de Cu dans Ie lisier de certaines fermes soulignent la possibilitc du developpement de problemes de toxicite au cuivre pouvant decouler de I'epandage d'une grande quantite de lisier sur des sols ayant un pH peu cleve. Une analyse de regression, sur les concentrations des composantes par rapport a la matiere seche, a indique que les concentrations de P, Ca, Mg, S, Mn et Fe peuvent etre estimees en fonction de la concentration de matiere seche. La concentration de matiere seche ne permet cependant pas d'estimer les concentrations de NH4+-N, Zn, K, B, et Cu.
An assembly rule could explain the canonical property of the lognormal species-abundance distribution

Background: The lognormal distribution of species abundances is a classic model of ecology whose canonical property consists of the fact that the individuals curve tends to peak at the rightmost species-abundance class. Currently ecology lacks any compelling biological or mathematical explanation of the canonical property. Goal: Propose a hypothesis for the canonical property by comparing the results of a maximum entropy niche-assembly model to the patterns obtained from the canonical relationship in empirical data. Data: Published data of the numbers of species in lognormal communities, and their standard deviations. Method: Let a niche dimension be any independent characteristic of the habitat that can be subdivided by species to reduce competition. Obtain relative species abundances as the product of randomly assigned species occupancies along multiple niche dimensions. Plot the standard deviation of the resulting lognormal-like species histogram for different niche dimensions and numbers of species. Estimate the number of species added with each niche dimension by interpolation along the line representing the canonical property and the regression line of empirical data. Results: Randomly assigning species occupancies along multiple niche dimensions produces lognormal-like distributions. Each added niche dimension roughly doubles the number of species in the community. Conclusions: The canonical property may originate from the doubling of the number of species with each added niche dimension. This assembly rule is supported by analyses on the relationship between bird species and habitat complexity.
Job Insecurity and Wage Outcomes in Britain

In 1996 and 1997, approximately 1 in 10 British workers thought that it was either likely or very likely that they would lose their job within 12 months. Increased job insecurity has been touted as a possible cause for the decline of equilibrium unemployment in Britain and the United States during the 1990s. We investigate whether perceptions of job insecurity contribute to lowering wages. First, we examine the validity of subjective questions about unemployment expectations, using longitudinal data. We find that workers' fears of unemployment are increased by their previous unemployment experience and by other household members' unemployment experiences, and are associated with other objective indicators of insecure jobs. The measure of unemployment fear also helps to predict future unemployment, above and beyond conventional objective variables. We then show that high fear of unemployment is associated with significantly lower wage levels. OLS estimates of the downward impact on average wages of an increase in this expectation by just one half of a standard deviation are approximately 1½ percent. Instrumental variable estimates suggest that 1½ percent is likely to be an underestimate. We conclude that increased job insecurity, relative to aggregate unemployment, has contributed in part to wage restraint in Britain.
Integrating Design and Optimization Tools: A Designer Centered Study

Exploring design options for additively manufactured parts generally requires separate, sequentially applied software for design, analysis, and optimization. To evaluate the effect of integrating these capabilities within a single tool we conducted a controlled human subjects study. Three tools with different degrees of integration were created for two test cases of structural trusses, and it was found that increased integration improved quality, speed, and efficiency of the design process. After a quarter of their total time with the problems, 50% of designers with a fully integrated tool had a better design than 75% of other designers ever would. After that point, the top 50% of designers went on to explore a design space unreached with other tools. It appears that integration, and in particular the integration of optimization, leads to better performance by making it possible to explore complex designs and achieve outcomes which would be inaccessible to conventional tools.
Antihyperglycemic activity of Trichosanthes tricuspidata root extract

To evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes tricuspidata root in alloxan induced diabetic rats and to perform the phyto-chemical screening. The extraction, preliminary phytochemical screening, anti-diabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats by oral administration of extract (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.), the blood glucose level and biochemical parameters like cholesterol, triglyceride, serum protein, SGPT, SGOT, and ALP were estimated. Phytochemical studies shows the presence of carbohy-drates, proteins, glycosides and terpenoids and the ethanolic extract of T. tricuspidata root significantly lowered the blood sugar level. The above findings justified the traditional claim of anti-diabetic activity in this plant. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjp.v8i3. 15584 Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology Vol.8(3) 2013 305-310
Factors Affecting Marketing Intensity of Wheat Growers in Southeastern Ethiopia

The study of factors’ affecting the intensity of wheat marketing was undertaken in southeastern Ethiopia as to identifying factors affecting proportion wheat production supplied to the market by wheat growers in this area. Samples of 139 wheat growers were selected from the two districts of Bale zone using two stage sampling procedure. The two districts were selected purposively based on the target area of CIMMYT project and their potential in wheat production and the sample kebeles and sample respondents were selected randomly. Structured questionnaire was developed and face to face contact with the respondent of wheat growers is the method employed to collect the primary data focusing on socioeconomic, institution and demographic of the producers and wheat production, marketing and management practice in the study area. The data was analyzed by Stata software version 13. The model result of truncated regression indicates that education level at 5% significance level, area allocated to wheat production at 10% significance level, number of oxen owned at 1% significance level, asset value of household at 1% significance level and district location at 1% significance level were the variables affecting the intensity of wheat marketing positively and significantly in the study area. While distance from the market affect the intensity of wheat marketing negatively and significantly in the study area. The result confirms the literature review of the study. To improve the market supply of the wheat producers the concerned body should have to establish farmers marketing cooperatives and promoting investors to plant agro-industries as close to their residential area, capacitate farmers knowledge and ability through formal and informal education, support farmers to build their asset value.