Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lower Income Levels in Australia Are Strongly Associated With Elevated Psychological Distress: Implications for Healthcare and Other Policy Areas

Background: Australia is a high-income country with increasing income inequality. It is unclear whether Australia's well-developed mental healthcare system is making a difference to population mental health and the Federal Government has targeted outcomes accountability in service funding strategies. In high-income countries, evidence generally suggests that income inequalities increase mental disorders among the poor. This study examined psychological-distress rates—a marker of mental ill- health—as varying by income among Australians living within and outside of capital cities. Methods: Secondary data analysis was undertaken using the population-level mental health indicator of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) as reported for 12,332 adults in the 2011/2012 National Health Survey (NHS) of Australia. K10 scores of 22 and higher indicated high/very-high distress, and 30 and higher denoted very-high distress. Very-high distress levels are strongly predictive of serious mental illness. Results: Among the poorest one-fifth of Australians, 1 in 4 people have psychological distress at a high/very-high level; this compares to about 1 in 20 people in the richest one-fifth of Australians. About 1-in-10 people making up the poorest one-fifth of Australians have current very-high distress, and this reduces to <1-in-50 people in the richest one-fifth. These disparities are consistent both within and outside of capital cities. The national prevalence of elevated distress within income quintiles varies greatly, with Poor/Rich Quintile Ratios of typically 4–5 for high/very-high levels and 7–8 for very-high levels. These effects operate more powerfully in areas marked by higher scores on the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage. Conclusions: Altering the strong association of lower income levels in Australia with elevated psychological distress would require a multi-dimensional social policy and healthcare approach. To assess the effectiveness of adopted strategies, population level indicators need to be developed with regular data-collection. The Poor/Rich quintile ratio (P/R QR) for high/very high K10 scores is a potential candidate for a mental health inequality outcome indicator since it is easily calculated from data obtained from a regularly conducted national survey, is easily understood and resonates with a wider audience. Further research on the development of such indicators is also needed.
Using C‐Arm X‐ray images from marker insertion to confirm the gold fiducial marker identification in an MRI‐only prostate radiotherapy workflow

Abstract Prostate cancer radiotherapy workflows, solely based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are now in clinical use. In these workflows, intraprostatic gold fiducial markers (GFM) show similar signal behavior as calcifications and bleeding in T2‐weighted MRI‐images. Accurate GFM identification in MRI‐only radiotherapy workflows is therefore a major challenge. C‐arm X‐ray images (CkV‐images), acquired at GFM implantation, could provide GFM position information and be used to confirm correct identification in T2‐weighted MRI‐images. This would require negligible GFM migration between implantation and MRI‐imaging. Marker migration was therefore investigated. The aim of this study was to show the feasibility of using CkV‐images to confirm GFM identification in an MRI‐only prostate radiotherapy workflow. An anterior‐posterior digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR)‐image and a mirrored posterior‐anterior CkV‐image were acquired two weeks apart for 16 patients in an MRI‐only radiotherapy workflow. The DRR‐image originated from synthetic CT‐images (created from MRI‐images). A common image geometry was defined between the DRR‐ and CkV‐image for each patient. A rigid registration between the GFM center of mass (CoM) coordinates was performed and the distance between each of the GFM in the DRR‐ and registered CkV‐image was calculated. The same methodology was used to assess GFM migration for 31 patients in a CT‐based radiotherapy workflow. The distance calculated was considered a measure of GFM migration. A statistical test was performed to assess any difference between the cohorts. The mean absolute distance difference for the GFM CoM between the DRR‐ and CkV‐image in the MRI‐only cohort was 1.7 ± 1.4 mm. The mean GFM migration was 1.2 ± 0.7 mm. No significant difference between the measured total distances of the two cohorts could be detected (P = 0.37). This demonstrated that, a C‐Arm X‐ray image acquired from the GFM implantation procedure could be used to confirm GFM identification from MRI‐images. GFM migration was present but did not constitute a problem.
Recanalization Rate per Retrieval Attempt in Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— In acute ischemic stroke, mechanical thrombectomy allows flow restoration in the majority of cases. In case of an unsuccessful retrieval, little is known about how many retrieval attempts should be performed before stopping the procedure. This study assessed the recanalization rate and clinical outcome per retrieval maneuver. Methods— In this analysis, 330 patients with acute large vessel occlusion treated exclusively with stentrieval devices were included. Successful recanalization was defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b-3, a good clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale at 90 days of ⩽2. Results— The median number of retrieval attempts was 1 (interquartile range, 1–2, maximum 8). Recanalization rates per retrieval attempt were highest for the first retrieval (46.8%) and lowest for the fifth retrieval (22.7%). After 3 retrieval attempts, 67.9% of patients were successfully recanalized. Patients with 1 to 3 retrieval attempts had higher rates of good clinical outcome (28.9% versus 7.4%; P=0.018). The number of passes was an independent negative predictor of good clinical outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.435–0.970; P=0.035). Conclusions— Two-thirds of occlusions were successfully recanalized with up to 3 retrieval attempts. Further attempts had good recanalization rates, but the rate of favorable clinical outcome did not improve.
Developmental Differentiation of Executive Functions on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery

Objective: The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB) is a brief computerized method for evaluating neuropsychological functions in children, adolescents, and adults. We examined how performance on the 2 executive function measures of cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control was related to performance on the other NTCB measures across development. Method: Participants were 1,020 typically developing individuals between the ages of 3 and 21 from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study who were divided into 5 age groups (3–6, 7–9, 10–13, 14–17, and 18–21). Scores were adjusted for sex, level of parental education, and family income. Results: Although the correlations between the 2 executive function measures were moderate and consistent across age groups, their correlations with the other 5 cognitive measures were highest in the youngest age group and decreased across the older age groups. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that all NTCB measures loaded onto a single factor for the 3- to 6-year-olds. Across the older age groups, the executive function and processing speed measures loaded onto one factor, and the vocabulary knowledge, oral reading, and working memory measures loaded onto a second factor. Conclusions: These results indicate that younger children’s performance on the NTCB is more intercorrelated and less differentiated, while performance on the NTCB executive function measures becomes more differentiated from performance on the other measures with development. These results support the hypothesis that executive functions become increasingly differentiated from other cognitive functions with development as the functional specialization of neural systems progresses throughout childhood and young adulthood.
Pregnancy Complicated by Maternal MODY 3 and Paternal MODY 2 Diabetes and Subsequent Rapidly Falling Insulin Requirement

Background. ‘Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young' (MODY) or monogenic diabetes accounts for approximately 1–2% of diabetes and is frequently misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Here we report a case of a 19-year-old pregnant woman with a MODY 3 diabetes expecting a child to a father with MODY 2 diabetes. Possible inheritance scenarios are described and the implications of these scenarios on the pregnancy and infant are discussed. In addition, the pregnancy was complicated by drastically falling insulin requirements in the mother in the 3rd trimester as well as preterm labour and delivery at 33+4 weeks of gestation.
RANKL, OPG, TRAIL, KRas, and c-Fos expression in relation to central lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

PURPOSE RANKL, OPG and TRAIL have long been pursued in cancer. Mutated KRas proteins and c-Fos overexpression - well-recognized oncogenic events - have been conceived as coordinators of RANKL, OPG and TRAIL pathways. Considering the paucity in the relevant literature, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the expression of these molecules configures a distinct papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) subgroup with adverse clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS RANKL, OPG, TRAIL, KRas, and c-Fos immunohistochemical expression in relation to clinicopathological characteristics of PTC was assessed retrospectively in paraffin-embedded PTC specimens from 114 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with simultaneous central lymph node dissection (CLND). RESULTS Expression of RANKL, OPG, TRAIL, Kras and c- Fos was revealed in 78.6, 63.2, 61.4, 47.4, and 73.7% of PTC, respectively. As predominant KRas-expressing PTC histotype emerged the classical PTC (cPTC), comprising 66.7% of PTC. A significant correlation was demonstrated of RANKL, OPG, and TRAIL expression with central lymph node metastasis CLNM (p=0.007, p<0.001, and p=0.002, respectively), concerning especially cPTC as regards to RANKL (p=0.027) and OPG (p=0.006), and both cPTC (p=0.043) and follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC) (p=0.049) with regard to TRAIL. OPG expression associated significantly with multifocality (p=0.045). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models characterized TRAIL as independent predictor of CLNM (OR=10.335, 95% CI: 1.23-86.87). CLNM correlated significantly with six pairs of coexpressions: TRAIL-KRas (p=0.011), TRAIL-c-Fos (p=0.006), OPG-c-Fos (p=0.024), RANKL-TRAIL (p<0.001), RANKL-OPG (p<0.001), TRAIL- OPG (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The present study suggested for the first time that OPG, RANKL, TRAIL expressions, either alone or in concert involving c-Fos and KRas expression, are related to CLNM. Further research is warranted to elucidate whether the examined molecules can be endorsed as indicators of aggressive PTC behavior and guide a personalized therapeutic intervention.
The Role of Podoplanin in the Lymphangiogenesis of Oral Squamous Carcinomas

Oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) mortality rate ranges between 29-40/100,000 inhabitants. Regional lymph node metastases occur in 30-40% cases and are associated with unfavorable prognosis and decreased survival. Recentely it was suggested that the tumor-associated lymphatic vessels formation plays an active role in metastasis proces of several human malignancies, including OSCC. In the present study we investigated comparatively podoplanin immunoexpression in OSCC in both the tumor cells and lymphatic vessels reported to clinicopathological prognostic parameters. Material and methods The study included a total of 25 cases of OSCC. We investigated clinico-pathological parameters as age, gender, tumor site, and degree of differentiation, size and depth of invasion (pT), lymph node status (pN). Histologic classification was done according to the WHO criteria. For immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis we used podoplanin (Dako, clone D2-40). As visualization system it was used LSAB2 (Dako, Redox, Romania, code K0675) and chromogen DAB (Dako, Redox, Romania, code K3468). Negative controls were obtained by omitting the primary antibodies. IHC quantification was done intensity score and by lymphatic microdensity (LVD), intratumoral and on the advancing edge. For the statistical analysis we used Student's t-tests, ANOVA, chi square and Pearson, using SPSS 10 software. Results Podoplanin immunoexpression in tumor parenchyma presented with an average of 43%, varying intensity. We found a higher intensity in weak and moderately differentiated SCC then in well differentiated ones and no difference intratumoral aand advancing edge. In relation to the degree of tumor differentiation the mean LVD D2-40 was higher in the advancing edge. SCC who presented lymph node metastasis mean values for LVD D2-4 was higher then at advancing edge and higher than those of non-metastatic carcinomas. Conclusions Podoplanin immunoexpresion suggests the involvement both in tumor growth and the acquisition of an lymphangiogenic phenotype invasive by autocrine mechanisms.
Fast Multi-Pass 3D Point Segmentation Based on a Structured Mesh Graph for Ground Vehicles

Point-cloud segmentation of 3D LiDAR scans is an important preprocessing task for autonomous vehicles in on-road and especially in off-road scenarios. Clustering point measurements with the same properties into multiple homogeneous regions is a challenging task due to an uneven sampling density and lack of explicit structural information. This paper presents a novel technique to achieve a robust and fast point-cloud segmentation using the characteristic intrinsic sensor pattern. This pattern is characterized by the mounting position of each laser diode. A structured mesh graph is created by taking the beam calibration and the chronology of incoming data packets into account. The proposed graph-based, multi-pass point segmentation algorithm compares this pattern with a flat-world model to detect discontinuities and to set label attributes such as obstacle or free space for each vertex. Furthermore, we directly detect missing measurements and therefore generate artificial vertices considering the laser beam intrinsics. Finally, a region-growing algorithm is applied in order to obtain cohesive objects. Experimental results show that we achieve a reliable overall performance and a good trade-off between segmentation quality and runtime of 15ms in rough terrain as well as suburban areas.
Number of Stent Retriever Passes Associated With Futile Recanalization in Acute Stroke

Background and Purpose— Stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy has become the mainstay of treatment of acute intracranial large artery occlusion. However, it is still not much known about the optimal limit of SR attempts for favorable outcome. We evaluated whether a specific number of SR passes for futile recanalization can be determined. Methods— Patients who were treated with a SR as the first endovascular modality for their intracranial large artery occlusion in anterior circulation were retrospectively reviewed. The recanalization rate for each SR pass was calculated. The association between the number of SR passes and a patient’s functional outcome was analyzed. Results— A total of 467 patients were included. Successful recanalization by SR alone was achieved in 82.2% of patients. Recanalization rates got sequentially lower as the number of passes increased, and the recanalization rate achievable by ≥5 passes of the SR was 5.5%. In a multivariable analysis, functional outcomes were more favorable in patients with 1 to 4 passes of the SR than in patients without recanalization (odds ratio [OR] was 8.06 for 1 pass; OR 7.78 for 2 passes; OR 6.10 for 3 passes; OR 6.57 for 4 passes; all P<0.001). However, the functional outcomes of patients with ≥5 passes were not significantly more favorable than found among patients without recanalization (OR 1.70 with 95% CI, 0.42–6.90 for 5 passes, P=0.455; OR 0.33 with 0.02–5.70, P=0.445 for ≥6 passes). Conclusions— The likelihood of successful recanalization got sequentially lower as the number of SR passes increased. Five or more passes of the SR became futile in terms of the recanalization rate and functional outcomes.
K For The Price Of 1: Parameter Efficient Multi-task And Transfer Learning

We introduce a novel method that enables parameter-efficient transfer and multi-task learning with deep neural networks. The basic approach is to learn a model patch - a small set of parameters - that will specialize to each task, instead of fine-tuning the last layer or the entire network. For instance, we show that learning a set of scales and biases is sufficient to convert a pretrained network to perform well on qualitatively different problems (e.g. converting a Single Shot MultiBox Detection (SSD) model into a 1000-class image classification model while reusing 98% of parameters of the SSD feature extractor). Similarly, we show that re-learning existing low-parameter layers (such as depth-wise convolutions) while keeping the rest of the network frozen also improves transfer-learning accuracy significantly. Our approach allows both simultaneous (multi-task) as well as sequential transfer learning. In several multi-task learning problems, despite using much fewer parameters than traditional logits-only fine-tuning, we match single-task performance.
Design, synthesis and antitrypanosomatid activities of 3,5‐diaryl‐isoxazole analogues based on neolignans veraguensin, grandisin and machilin G

Using bioisosterism as a medicinal chemistry tool, 16 3,5‐diaryl‐isoxazole analogues of the tetrahydrofuran neolignans veraguensin, grandisin and machilin G were synthesized via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions, with yields from 43% to 90%. Antitrypanosomatid activities were evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. All compounds were selective for the Leishmania genus and inactive against T. cruzi. Isoxazole analogues showed a standard activity on both promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The most active compounds were 15, 16 and 19 with IC50 values of 2.0, 3.3 and 9.5 μM against L. amazonensis and IC50 values of 1.2, 2.1 and 6.4 μM on L. braziliensis, respectively. All compounds were noncytotoxic, showing lower cytotoxicity (>250 μM) than pentamidine (78.9 μM). Regarding the structure–activity relationship (SAR), the methylenedioxy group was essential to antileishmanial activity against promastigotes. Replacement of the tetrahydrofuran nucleus by an isoxazole core improved the antileishmanial activity.
Do coaching style and game circumstances predict athletes' perceived justice of their coach? A longitudinal study in elite handball and volleyball teams

Objective The present longitudinal study is the first to examine game to game fluctuations of perceived justice of elite volleyball and handball coaches. More specifically, we studied whether coaching style (i.e., need support versus control), coach behaviors (decision justifications), player’s status (i.e., starter or substitute), and game result (win/loss) predicted athletes’ perceived justice and its fluctuations. Methods A longitudinal questionnaire study was performed during 6 consecutive weeks among Belgian female volleyball (N = 57) and male handball players (N = 39). We administered a general questionnaire (i.e., need support/control) the first week, and game-specific questionnaires (i.e., justice, decision justifications, game circumstances) after six consecutive games. Because game-to-game measures (i.e., within-athlete) were nested into individuals (between-athletes) we conducted Hierarchical Linear Modeling to examine the hypotheses. Results Multilevel analyses showed that 49% of the variance of perceived justice was situated at the within-athlete level. Furthermore, coaches’ need support and the provision of decision justifications were positive predictors of athletes’ perceived justice of the coach. More specific, the impact of justifications was less strong in a high need supportive environment and stronger in a high controlling environment. Finally, both the status of the player and the game result were negative predictors of athletes’ perceived justice. Conclusions We can conclude that athletes’ perceived justice of their coach shifts considerably from game-to-game. Furthermore, the coaching style and coaching behaviors can help to overcome the negative effects of specific game circumstances such as being a substitute or losing a game on athletes’ perceived justice of the coach.
Modulation of Antibody Responses to the V1V2 and V3 Regions of HIV-1 Envelope by Immune Complex Vaccines

Prophylactic HIV vaccines must elicit antibodies (Abs) against the virus envelope glycoproteins (Env) to effectively prevent HIV infection. We investigated a vaccine platform that utilizes immune complexes made of Env proteins gp120 and monoclonal Abs (mAbs) against different gp120 epitopes. We previously observed alterations in V3 antigenicity upon formation of certain gp120/mAb complexes and demonstrated the ability of these complexes to modulate the elicitation of V3 Ab responses. However, the effects on the V1V2 domain, an important target for Abs that correlate with vaccine-induced protection against HIV, have not been studied, nor have immune complex vaccines made with non-B subtype Env. This study compared subtypes B (JRFL) and CRF_01. AE (A244) Env gp120 proteins in complex with selected gp120-specific mAbs. Allosteric and antigenic changes were detected on these immune complexes, indicating that gp120/mAb interaction induces alterations on the Env surface that may modify the Env immunogenic properties. To evaluate this idea, mice were immunized with gp120/mAb complexes or their uncomplexed gp120 counterparts. The overall serum IgG titers elicited against gp120 were comparable, but a marked skewing toward V1V2 or V3 was evident and dependent on the gp120 strain and the specificity of the mAb used to form the complexes. Compared with uncomplexed gp120JRFL, gp120JRFL complexed with CD4bs or V1V2 mAbs, but not with C2 or V3 mAbs, elicited V3 Abs of greater titers and breadth, and Abs more capable of neutralizing tier 1 virus. Epitope mapping revealed a shift to a more conserved site in the V3 crown. However, the complexes did not enhance V1V2 Ab response, and the elicited V1V2 Abs were not cross-reactive. This profile contrasts with Ab responses to gp120A244/mAb complexes. Notably, gp120A244/mAb complexes induced higher levels of V1V2 Abs with some cross-reactivity, while also stimulating weak or strain-specific V3 Abs. Sera from gp120A244/mAb complex-immunized animals displayed no measurable virus neutralization but did mediate Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis, albeit at levels similar to that induced by gp120A244 alone. These data indicate the potential utility of immune complexes as vaccines to shape Ab responses toward or away from Env sites of interest.
The evolving role of pemetrexed disodium for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the big cancer killers, despite the introduction of a number of approved therapeutics in recent times. Pemetrexed is a multi-target folate inhibitor, which is currently available to patients affected by advanced non-squamous NSCLC in combination with a platinum derivate in first-line therapy and as a single agent in second-line therapy. Areas covered: This review covers presents the use pemetrexed in the management of NSCLC by exploring the data available from clinical trials and meta-analyses. Data from a phase III trial confirmed its role in the first-line setting in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Furthermore, data suggested a role for pemetrexed in local and advanced NSCLC. Expert opinion: To date, in spite of the introduction of novel anti-neoplastic agents, pemetrexed still represents a cornerstone in the management of non-squamous NSCLC. Furthermore, recently published data support its role in innovative combinations including together with chemotherapy and immunotherapy.