Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Peyer's patch high endothelial receptor for lymphocytes, the mucosal vascular addressin, is induced on a murine endothelial cell line by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1.

The specificity of lymphocyte homing from the blood into a tissue is determined in part by complementary pairs of adhesion receptors on lymphocytes and endothelial cells termed homing receptors and vascular addressins, respectively. The mucosal vascular addressin involved in lymphocyte homing to Peyer's patches is a 66-kDa glycoprotein, MAdCAM-1. Investigation of the regulation and molecular genetics of MAdCAM-1 have been hampered by the lack of a murine cell line expressing this adhesion molecule. We show herein using indirect immunofluorescence studies that MAdCAM-1 can be induced on a murine endothelial cell line, bEnd.3, by cytokines and LPS. Western blot analysis of MAdCAM-1 purified by affinity column chromatography from TNF-alpha-treated bEnd.3 cells demonstrates a 66-kDa protein that comigrates in SDS-PAGE with the MAdCAM-1 constitutively found on high endothelial venules in murine mesenteric lymph nodes. Comparison of MAdCAM-1 expression on the bEnd.3 cells was made to the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 are not constitutively expressed on the bEND.3 surface but can be induced in a concentration-dependent manner by LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1. ICAM-1 is constitutively expressed on the endothelioma surface and expression is increased by TNF-alpha, IL-1, LPS, and IFN-gamma. Surface expression of MAdCAM-1 peaks 12 to 18 h after exposure to TNF-alpha and remains elevated at 48 h, whereas expression of VCAM-1 peaks at 4 h and inducible ICAM-1 peaks between 4 and 18 h. Interestingly, IFN-gamma has differential effects on expression of these three adhesion receptors. IFN-gamma alone induces VCAM-1 and enhances ICAM-1 expression, but does not induce MAdCAM-1. Furthermore, although, preincubation of bEND.3 cells with IFN-gamma modestly increases the induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in response to TNF-alpha and IL-1, it dramatically reduces the TNF-alpha, IL-1, and LPS-induced expression of MAdCAM-1. MAdCAM-1 on bEnd.3 cells is functional as the murine T lymphoma TK1, known to bind MAdCAM-1, also binds to TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelioma but not to unstimulated cells. This binding is blocked by the antibodies against MAdCAM-1 and against the alpha 4-chain of its integrin receptor, alpha 4 beta 7, on TK1 cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of involuntary motivational factors on hand hygiene by health care providers

Background and Purpose: Hand hygiene is a low-cost، convenient measure recommended to all health care providers to prevent nosocomial infections. Health care staff commonly neglect the importance of hand washing at workplace. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of involuntary motivational factors on hand hygiene compliance byhealth care providers. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 153 health care providers. selected via simple random sampling.Data were collected using questionnaires designed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Data analysis was performed in SPSS, using descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson’s correlation-coefficient and T-test. Results: In 80.40% of cases, participants reported that they washed their hands after contact with patients or hospital equipment. Moreover, participants had a positive attitude towards the consequences of hand washing (6.11±0.8) and considered this behavior as a norm (6.12±1.2). Correlations observed between most variables of study were significant (P≤0.001). However, controlling factors had a less significant effect on hand hygiene intention compared to other variables, such as outcome evaluation, subjective beliefs and normative beliefs of participants (P≤0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, health care providers have a positive attitude towards hand hygiene compliance. However, due to the impact of involuntary motivational factors on this behavior, it is necessary that medical authorities identify major strategies for behavioral change of health care staff through predicting these underlying factors.
Familial influence on offspring gambling: a cognitive mechanism for transmission of gambling behavior in families

Background. The problem-gambling literature has identified a range of individual, cognitive, behavioral and emotional factors as playing important roles in the development, maintenance and treatment of problem gambling. However, familial factors have often been neglected. The current study aims to investigate the possible influence of parental factors on offspring gambling behavior. Method. A total of 189 families (546 individuals) completed several questionnaires including the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Gambling Related Cognition Scale (GRCS). The relationships were examined using Pearson product-moment correlations and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses. Results. Results showed that generally parents' (especially fathers') gambling cognitions and gambling behaviors positively correlated with offspring gambling behaviors and cognitions. However, SEM analyses showed that although parental gambling behavior was directly related to offspring gambling behavior, parental cognitions were not related to offspring gambling behavior directly but indirectly via offspring cognitions. Conclusion. The findings show that the influence of parental gambling cognition on offspring gambling behavior is indirect and via offspring cognitions. The results suggest a possible cognitive mechanism of transmission of gambling behavior in the family from one generation to the next.
Stage-specific synthesis of proteins complexed to ribonucleoprotein particles and ribosomes in zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii

In Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores, a set of proteins was found associated with the ribosomes and free ribonucleoprotein particles distinct from the ribosomes and polyribosomes. These proteins were designated P120, P105, P64, P56, and P42 based on their molecular weights determined by gel electrophoresis. Synthesis of these proteins was detected only during late sporulation just before the time polyadenylated ribonucleic acid accumulates in the sporangia. These proteins banded in isopycnic metrizamide gradients at densities of 1.31 and 1.27 g/cm3, which corresponded to the densities of the ribosomes and free ribonucleoprotein particles, respectively. Comparison of the distribution of the proteins in sucrose versus metrizamide gradients suggested that P105 was removed from the free ribonucleoprotein particles before complexing with the ribosomes. During germination, these proteins disappeared from the ribosomal fractions, with kinetics corresponding to the resumption of protein synthesis. Another protein (P178) was observed to bind to the ribosomes before the onset of protein synthesis during germination. Cycloheximide did not block the addition of this protein to the monoribosomes.
Laryngoscope forces in humans and manikins

elective caesarean section to using Oramorph as required, in a move to free the patient from physical attachments and expedite mobilisation. Therefore any reduction in our duration of spinal analgesia may have implications for the patient experience. To avoid this occurring, we recommend drawing up a larger-thanrequired volume of diamorphine into the 1-ml syringe, then expelling the excess diamorphine once the needle is attached, down to the required volume. The diamorphine is now ready to add to the local anaesthetic solution. This eliminates the problem of needle deadspace and is a method transferable to any type of needle.
Synthesis of titanium oxide-Polyaniline nanotube composite and its superior field emission characteristics

Titanium oxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>)-Polyaniline (PANI) nanotube composite has been synthesized in two steps. The TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles were synthesized by electrochemical etching of titanium foil and annealing at 500°C in air in the first step; followed by formation of TiO<inf>2</inf>-PANI nanotube composite by chemical polymerization using acetic acid as dopant in the second step. The synthesized TiO<inf>2</inf>-PANI nanotube composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Uv-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM and EDAX results clearly reveal formation of TiO<inf>2</inf>-PANI nanotube composite. The TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles (40–50nm) envisaged as adhered to the PANI nanotubes, which are several microns long with diameter of 100–150 nm. The UV-visible and FTIR spectra exhibit the characteristic features corresponding to electrically conducting phase of doped PANI. Field electron emission (FE) studies of the TiO<inf>2</inf>-PANI nanotubes composite were performed in planar diode configuration at base pressure of ∼ 1×10<sup>−8</sup> mbar. The turn on field required to draw an emission current density of 1 µA/cm<sup>2</sup> was found to be 0.95 V/µm, and emission current density of 1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> has been drawn at an applied field of 2.28 V/µm. The TiO<inf>2</inf>-PANI nanotube composite exhibited good emission current stability at preset values of 10 µA over a duration of more than three hours. The present studies indicate the TiO<inf>2</inf>-PANI nanotube composite as a promising material for the field emission based applications in vacuum micro-nanoelectronic devices.
The impact of changing pathogens of serious infections in hospitalized patients.

New epidemiological patterns are being observed for multidrug-resistant nosocomial organisms. Current problems include the appearance of resistance determinants in organisms that are virulent enough to cause infection in patients with normal host defenses. In addition, multidrug-resistant organisms are spreading from health care to community settings, and organisms from the community are spreading to health care settings. The appearance and spread of resistance can be examined both at a molecular level and on a larger scale involving several pathways. Potential pathways within institutions include the following: introduction of new strains from outside sources (e.g., patients or health care workers from other institutions); exchange of resistance determinants via genetic mutation or transfer of genetic material; emergence or selection of resistant strains following exposure to antimicrobials; and clonal dissemination. Strategies such as multidisciplinary management of infections, appropriate infection control measures, and surveillance of resistance patterns are necessary to address the problem of resistance.
Mechanical, dynamic mechanical and morphological properties of composites based on recycled polystyrene filled with wood flour wastes

In this work, the potential for usage recycled polystyrene and wood flour wastes as materials for development wood plastic composites was evaluated. The effects of wood flour loading and coupling agent addition on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical and morphological properties of polystyrene wood flour composites were examined. The results showed that the mechanical properties decreased with the wood flour loading. However, an improvement in composite compatibility was observed when the coupling agent was used resulting in the increase of mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. A morphological study demonstrates the positive effect in the interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix caused by the coupling agent addition. Based on the findings of this work, both waste materials can be used for development composites with higher performance.
Protective Effects of Ginsenosides against Bisphenol A‐Induced Cytotoxicity in 15P‐1 Sertoli Cells via Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signalling and Antioxidant Mechanisms

Numerous studies have demonstrated that Bisphenol A (BPA) can cause reproductive toxicity. Ginseng has wide range of pharmacological actions and, more importantly, has proven its worth with respect to reproductive function in several reports. We have suggested that ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng, may protect against BPA‐induced cell damage. Therefore, an in vitro culture model of 15P‐1 Sertoli cells was employed to investigate whether ginsenosides have protective effects on BPA‐stimulated 15P‐1 Sertoli cells. The results revealed that ginsenosides (75 μg/ml) significantly inhibited BPA‐induced decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that BPA exposure‐induced collapse of vimentin intermediate filaments was prevented by the application of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides also inhibited extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and BPA‐induced alterations of Bcl‐2 and Bax protein expression in 15P‐1 Sertoli cells. Furthermore, the alterations of T‐AOC, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in BPA‐stimulated cells were partially prevented with pre‐treatment with ginsenosides. Taken together, these results suggest that ginsenosides have protective effects against BPA‐induced cell damage and that these effects are mediated by preventing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and through the enhancement of cellular antioxidant capacity. Ginsenosides may therefore be beneficial in the prevention of environmental BPA‐induced, reproduction‐related toxicity.
Hybrid cognitive behavioral therapy versus relaxation training for co-occurring anxiety and alcohol disorder: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE Treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is far less effective for those with a co-occurring anxiety disorder. Surprisingly, adding an independent anxiety treatment to AUD treatment does not substantially improve the poor alcohol outcomes of these patients. This may reflect the lack of attention from independent treatments to the dynamic interaction of anxiety symptoms with alcohol use and drinking motivation. On the basis of this view, we assembled a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program designed to both reduce anxiety symptoms and weaken the links between the experience of anxiety and the motivation to drink. METHOD 344 patients undergoing residential AUD treatment with current social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, or panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive either the CBT or an active comparison treatment, progressive muscle relaxation training (PMRT). Assessments took place immediately following treatment and 4 months later (n = 247). RESULTS As predicted, the CBT group demonstrated significantly better alcohol outcomes 4 months following treatment than did the PMRT group. Although both groups experienced a substantial degree of anxiety reduction following treatment, there were no significant group differences immediately after treatment and only a slight advantage for the CBT group 4 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that specific interventions aimed at weakening the association between the experience of anxiety and drinking motivation play an important role in improving the alcohol outcomes of these difficult-to-treat patients beyond that of anxiety reduction alone.
Lymphotoxin-α-Deficient Mice Can Clear a Productive Infection with Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 but Fail To Develop Splenomegaly or Lymphocytosis

ABSTRACT Respiratory challenge with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) leads to an acute productive infection of the lung and a persistent latent infection in B lymphocytes, epithelia, and macrophages. The virus also induces splenomegaly and an increase in the number of activated CD8 T cells in the circulation. Lymphotoxin- α-deficient (LTα−/−) mice have no lymph nodes and have disrupted splenic architecture. Surprisingly, in spite of the severe defect in secondary lymphoid tissue, LTα−/− mice could clear a productive MHV-68 infection, although with delayed kinetics compared to wild-type mice, and could control latent infection. Cytotoxic T-cell activity was comparable in the lungs and spleens of LTα−/− and wild-type mice. However, splenic gamma interferon responses were substantially reduced in LTα−/− mice. Furthermore, LTα−/− mice failed to develop splenomegaly or lymphocytosis. Although germinal centers were absent, LTα−/− mice were able to class switch and showed significant virus-specific antibody titers. This work demonstrates that organized secondary lymphoid tissue is not an absolute requirement for the generation of immune responses to viral infections.
Localization of discontinuous epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D: use of a nondenaturing ("native" gel) system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with Western blotting

Previously, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MCAb) was used to define specific epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD) (R. J. Eisenberg et al., J. Virol. 53:634-644, 1985). Three groups of antibodies recognized continuous epitopes; group VII reacted with residues 11 to 19 of the mature protein (residues 36 to 44 of the predicted sequence), group II reacted with residues 272 to 279, and group V reacted with residues 340 to 356. Four additional antibody groups recognized discontinuous epitopes of gD, since their reactivity was lost when the glycoprotein was denatured by reduction and alkylation. Our goal in this study was to localize more precisely the discontinuous epitopes of gD. Using a nondenaturing system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ("native" gel electrophoresis) coupled to Western blotting, we analyzed the antigenic activity of truncated forms of gD. These fragments were generated either by recombinant DNA methods or by cleavage of purified native gD-1 (gD obtained from herpes simplex virus type 1) and gD-2 (gD obtained from herpes simplex virus type 2) with Staphylococcus aureus protease V8. Antibodies in groups III, IV, and VI recognized three truncated forms of gD-1 produced by recombinant DNA methods, residues 1 to 287, 1 to 275, and 1 to 233. Antibodies in group I recognized the two larger forms but did not react with the gD-1 fragment of residues 1 to 233. On the basis of these and previous results, we concluded that a protion of epitope I was located within residues 233 to 259 and that epitopes III, IV, and VI were upstream of residue 233. Antibodies to continuous epitopes identified protease V8 fragments of gD-1 and gD-2 that contained portions of either the amino or carboxy regions of the proteins. None of the V8 fragments, including a 34K polypeptide containing residues 227 to 369, reacted with group I antibodies. This result indicated that a second portion of epitope I was located upstream of residue 227. Two amino-terminal fragments of gD-1, 33K and 30K, reacted with group III, IV, and VI antibodies. A 33K fragment of gD-2 reacted with group III antibodies. Based on their size and reactivity with endo-beta-N-acetylglycosaminidase F, we hypothesized that the 33K and 30K molecules represented residues 1 to 226 and 1 to 182 of gD-1, respectively. These results suggest that epitopes III, IV, and VI are located within the first 182 residues of gD. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Antigenic characterization of small, round-structured viruses by immune electron microscopy

Small, round-structured viruses (SRSVs) detected from nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture, Japan, during the period from 1977 to 1988 were tentatively classified into nine antigenic patterns from SRSV-1 (S-1) to SRSV-9 (S-9) by cross-immune electron microscopy (IEM). S-1 and S-2 appeared pattern specific, while S-3 to S-9, distinguishable from each other in their reactivity, appeared somewhat antigenically related. Their antigenic relatedness to the Norwal, Hawaii, and Otofuke agents was also examined by IEM by using antisera to these agents. S-3 appeared most closely related to the Norwalk agent. S-4 and S-5 were related to the Norwalk agent and, presumably, were distantly related to the Hawaii and Otofuke agents. S-6 and S-7 were related to the Hawaii and Otofuke agents. S-8 and S-9 were related to the Otofuke agent and, presumably, were distantly related to the Hawaii agent. The prevalence of each antigenic pattern in 38 outbreaks was examined: S-8 was implicated in 24% of the outbreaks S-5 in 16%, S-4 in 13%, S-9 in 13%, S-6 in 11%, and others in 5%.
Relative course of retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence and thickness and retinal function changes after optic nerve transection.

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that alterations of RNFL birefringence precede changes in RNFL thickness in an experimental model of RGC injury and, secondarily, to determine the time course of RGC functional abnormalities relative to RNFL birefringence and thickness changes. METHODS RNFL birefringence was measured by scanning laser polarimetry (GDx VCC; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). RNFL thickness was measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Spectralis HRA+OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Retinal function was assessed by three forms of electroretinography (ERG): slow-sequence multifocal (mf)ERG (VERIS; EDI, San Mateo, CA); pattern-reversal (P)ERG (Utas-E3000; LKC Technologies, Inc. Gaithersburg, MD); and photopic full-field flash (ff)ERG (Utas-E3000; LKC Technologies). All measurements were obtained in both eyes of four adult rhesus macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during two baseline sessions, and again 1 week and 2 weeks after unilateral optic nerve transection (ONT). RESULTS ONT was successfully completed in three subjects. RNFL birefringence declined by 15% 1 week after ONT (P = 0.043), whereas there was no significant change in RNFL thickness (+1%, P = 0.42). Two weeks after ONT, RNFL retardance had declined by 39% (P = 0.018), whereas RNFL thickness had declined by only 15% (P = 0.025). RGC functional abnormalities were present 1 week after ONT, including decreased amplitudes relative to baseline of the mfERG high-frequency components (-65%, P = 0.018), the PERG N95 component (-70%, P = 0.007), and the photopic negative response of the ffERG (-44%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS RNFL birefringence declined before and faster than RNFL thickness after ONT. RGC functional abnormalities were present 1 week after ONT, when RNFL thickness had not yet begun to change. RNFL birefringence changes after acute RGC injury are associated with RGC dysfunction. Together, they reflect RGC abnormalities that precede axonal caliber changes and loss.
Building a Time Series Action Network for Earthquake Disaster

Since there is 87% of chance of an approximately 8.0-magnitude earthquake occurring in the Tokai region of Japan within the next 30 years; we are trying to help computers to recommend suitable action patterns for the victims if this massive earthquake happens. For example, the computer will recommend “ what should do to go to a safe place ”, “ how to come back home ”, etc. To realize this goal, it is necessary to have collective intelligence of action patterns, which relate to the earthquake . It is also important to let the computers make a recommendationin time, especially in this kind of emergency situation. This means these action patterns should to be collected in real-time. Additionally, to help the computers understand the meaning of these action patterns, we should build the collective intelligence based on web ontology language (OWL). However, the manual construction of the collective intelligence will take a large cost, and it is difficult in the emergency situation. Therefore, in this paper, we first design a time series action network. We then introduce a novel approach, which can automatically collects the action patterns from Twitter for the action network in realtime. Finally, we propose a novel action-based collaborative filtering, which predicts missing activity data, to complement this action network.