Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exogenous Testosterone on Parental Care Behaviours in Male Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

Androgens are known to mediate aggressive and defensive behaviour in many vertebrate species. However, high concentrations of androgens might also conflict with the expression of nurturing behaviours and therefore a trade-off can exist between aggressive and nurturing behaviours during parental care. We explored the role of testosterone in paternal care in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), where males provide both sole defence of the young from predators and sole nurturing behaviour such as fanning of the eggs. At the onset of parental care, we manipulated testosterone levels in males using testosterone propionate implants. We then observed the frequency of nurturing and aggressive behaviours displayed by the males over 6 d of parental care. Testosterone-implanted fish were more aggressive when presented with a brood predator, performing more bites, opercular flares and lateral displays than control males. Testosterone-implanted males, however, were not less nurturing than control fish, performing similar levels of fanning and nest-cleaning behaviours. Thus, our results support a positive relationship between testosterone and paternal aggression but no testosterone-mediated trade-off between paternal nurturing and aggression.
Redox Chemistry and Molybdenum Burial in a Mesoproterozoic Lake

While marine sediments have been used to constrain a history of redox chemistry throughout the Precambrian, far fewer data have been generated from lakes. With major biological innovations thought to have occurred in Proterozoic lakes, understanding their chemistry is critical for understanding the evolution of eukaryotic life. We use sediment geochemistry to characterize the redox conditions of the Nonesuch Formation (~1.1 Ga) and a modern analogue for the Proterozoic: the Middle Island Sinkhole in Lake Huron (USA). Iron speciation, Mo contents, and Mo‐U covariation demonstrate oxic and anoxic—not euxinic—environments, with no clear indicators of enhanced biological productivity in the Nonesuch Formation. Moderate Mo enrichments observed in the Nonesuch Formation are not attributed to euxinia, but instead to an authigenic particulate shuttle. We suggest that the Fe and Mo sediment geochemistry of these lacustrine systems reflect only local water column and sediment burial conditions and not atmospheric oxygenation.
From competitive advantage to dynamic capabilities: small and medium-sized multinationals in Asia

Italian firms have recently engaged in direct investment abroad through the establishment of production facilities in China and India. Using data gathered from interviews conducted in those countries in 2009 with 16 Italian predominantly small and medium-sized firms, this article explores: the motivations behind Italian parent companies’ decisions to create subsidiaries in Asia; relations between the newly established production facilities and their local suppliers and markets; any subsequent organizational adaptations; and the cultural and administrative difficulties the enterprises have encountered. The article provides a novel perspective on how predominantly small and medium-sized manufacturing firms achieve cost and differentiation advantages by leveraging their dynamic capabilities.
Assessing Ex Ante the Poverty and Distributional Impact of the Global Crisis in a Developing Country: A Micro-Simulation Approach with Application to Bangladesh

Measuring the poverty and distributional impact of the global crisis for developing countries is not easy, given the multiple channels of impact and the limited availability of real-time data. Commonly-used approaches are of limited use in addressing questions like who are being affected by the crisis and by how much, and who are vulnerable to falling into poverty if the crisis deepens? This paper develops a simple micro-simulation method, modifying models from existing economic literature, to measure the poverty and distributional impact of macroeconomic shocks by linking macro projections with pre-crisis household data. The approach is then applied to Bangladesh to assess the potential impact of the slowdown on poverty and income distribution across different groups and regions. A validation exercise using past data from Bangladesh finds that the model generates projections that compare well with actual estimates from household data. The results can inform the design of crisis monitoring tools and policies in Bangladesh, and also illustrate the kind of analysis that is possible in other developing countries with similar data availability.
Structural retinal abnormalities as potential markers for psychosis spectrum disorders

Retinal nerve structures are the only part of central nervous system where neurons can be observed directly, in vivo. In the recent years, advances have been made in retinal imaging. Some of this progress is due to use of optical coherence tomography scanners, common in ophthalmological clinical practice. Today, this method provides high precision in the visualization of retina, providing close to an “optical biopsy” of distinct retinal layers. Identification of biological markers that have diagnostic or therapeutic value in psychosis spectrum disorders is one of the most important tasks for current neurobiological research. Recently, new evidence for reduction of retinal structures, such as retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglionic cell thickness in schizophrenia, has emerged. In the present article, evidence on retinal thinning in schizophrenia and related disorders is summarized and discussed. However, the current evidence is conflicting, owing to both the heterogeneity of the disorder, and the methodological differences of the described studies.
Preparing emission reporting from forests: use of National Forest Inventories in European countries

We examine the current status of greenhouse gas inventories of the sector Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), in European countries, with specific focus on the utilization of National Forest Inventory (NFI) programs. LULUCF inventory is an integral part of the reporting obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol. The analysis is based on two questionnaires prepared by the COST Action E43 “Harmonisation of National Forest Inventories in Europe”, which were answered by greenhouse gas reporting experts in European countries. The following major conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: 1) definitions used to obtain carbon pool change estimates vary widely among countries and are not directly comparable 2) NFIs play a key role for LULUCF greenhouse gas estimation and reporting under UNFCCC, and provide the fundamental data needed for the estimation of carbon stock changes covering not only living biomass, but increasingly also deadwood, litter and soil compartments. The study highlights the effects of adopting different definitions for two major reporting processes, namely UNFCCC and FAO, and exemplifies the effect of different tree diameter thresholds on carbon stock change estimates for Finland. The results demonstrate that more effort is needed to harmonize forest inventory estimates for the purpose of making the estimates of forest carbon pool changes comparable. This effort should lead to a better utilization of the data from the European NFI programs and improve the European greenhouse gas reporting.
Characterisation of a square back Ahmed body near wake flow

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude expérimentale de l’écoulement autour d’un corps de Ahmed à l’échelle 0,7. Ce travail de recherche se concentre sur la zone de recirculation du sillage proche de la maquette. La caractérisation de l’écoulement est réalisée avec des capteurs de pression, des sondes anémométrique à fil chaud et de la Vélocimétrie par Image de Particules. Une décomposition en mode propre orthogonaux et une reconstruction tridimensionnelle de l’écoulement ont été réalisées à partir des acquisitions PIV.
Methodological convergence in cognitive mapping research: investigating configurational knowledge

Thirteen tests designed to measure aspects of configurational knowledge were compared and contrasted using a repeated measures, multi-data collection and multi-data analysis approach. Respondents consisted of 279 first-year undergraduates newly resident to the study area (Swansea, Wales). Respondents completed four tests, drawn from four different groupings which were consistent in nature. Tests were varied in spatial cueing (the amount of information supplied) and location cueing (the amount of information requested). In addition, the data produced were subjected to systematic filtering (a set number of places were removed from the analysis) and data-defined filtering (guesses and unfamiliar places were removed from the analysis). It is demonstrated that tests produce differing results and that task demands explain the variances. It is recommended that multiple, mutually supportive tests should be used to assess individuals' configurational knowledge.
Annales Geophysicae Empirically modelled Pc 3 activity based on solar wind parameters

It is known that under certain solar wind (SW)/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions (e.g. high SW speed, low cone angle) the occurrence of groundlevel Pc3–4 pulsations is more likely. In this paper we demonstrate that in the event of anomalously low SW particle density, Pc3 activity is extremely low regardless of otherwise favourable SW speed and cone angle. We re-investigate the SW control of Pc3 pulsation activity through a statistical analysis and two empirical models with emphasis on the influence of SW density on Pc3 activity. We utilise SW and IMF measurements from the OMNI project and groundbased magnetometer measurements from the MM100 array to relate SW and IMF measurements to the occurrence of Pc3 activity. Multiple linear regression and artificial neural network models are used in iterative processes in order to identify sets of SW-based input parameters, which optimally reproduce a set of Pc3 activity data. The inclusion of SW density in the parameter set significantly improves the models. Not only the density itself, but other density related parameters, such as the dynamic pressure of the SW, or the standoff distance of the magnetopause work equally well in the model. The disappearance of Pc3s during lowdensity events can have at least four reasons according to the existing upstream wave theory: 1. Pausing the ion-cyclotron resonance that generates the upstream ultra low frequency waves in the absence of protons, 2. Weakening of the bow shock that implies less efficient reflection, 3. The SW becomes sub-Alfv́enic and hence it is not able to sweep back the waves propagating upstream with the Alfv én-speed, and 4. The increase of the standoff distance of the magnetopause (and of the bow shock). Although the models cannot account Correspondence to: B. Heilig (heilig@elgi.hu) for the lack of Pc3s during intervals when the SW density is extremely low, the resulting sets of optimal model inputs support the generation of mid latitude Pc3 activity predominantly through upstream waves.
The value of participation in urban watershed management

Over the last thirty years the impacts and consequences of poor stormwater quality have been reflected in social concerns and the consequential increase in citizen action groups around the issue of the environment. Environmental degradation such as polluted beaches, inland rivers and coastal zones, contaminated land sites and loss of flora and fauna are broad social concerns needing an integrated community, industry, governmental and institutional response.
Protection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) against an experimental infection ofAeromonas salmonicidassp.achromogenes

Abstract To assess the protective role of cell-associated and extracellular antigens of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes , Atlantic salmon were immunised either with detoxified extracellular products (d-ECP), formalin killed cells (f-Cells) or a mixture of both. In an experimental challenge ECPs were found to elicit better protection than whole bacteria. The protection strongly correlated with the detection of antibodies directed against a toxic metallo-caseinase, AsaP1, in fish sera. Passive immunisation of Atlantic salmon with rainbow trout or rabbit anti-AsaP1 antisera conferred significant protection against challenge with a virulent A. salmonicida ssp. achromogenes strain. In an equivalent experiment neither rainbow trout nor rabbit antisera containing antibodies to the A-layer protein of A. salmonicida were found to be protective for passively immunised Atlantic salmon. The results demonstrate the importance of humoral antibodies and neutralisation of bacterial toxins in protecting Atlantic salmon against A. salmonicida ssp. achromogenes
WISE morphological study of Wolf-Rayet nebulae

We present a morphological study of nebulae around Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars using archival narrow-band optical and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) infrared images. The comparison among WISE images in different bands and optical images proves to be a very efficient procedure to identify the nebular emission from WR nebulae, and to disentangle it from that of the ISM material along the line of sight. In particular, WR nebulae are clearly detected in the WISE W4 band at 22 $\mu$m. Analysis of available mid-IR Spitzer spectra shows that the emission in this band is dominated by thermal emission from dust spatially coincident with the thin nebular shell or most likely with the leading edge of the nebula. The WR nebulae in our sample present different morphologies that we classified into well defined WR bubbles (bubble ${\cal B}$-type nebulae), clumpy and/or disrupted shells (clumpy/disrupted ${\cal C}$-type nebulae), and material mixed with the diffuse medium (mixed ${\cal M}$-type nebulae). The variety of morphologies presented by WR nebulae shows a loose correlation with the central star spectral type, implying that the nebular and stellar evolutions are not simple and may proceed according to different sequences and time-lapses. We report the discovery of an obscured shell around WR35 only detected in the infrared.
Innovative Solutions for Online Recruitment – Gamified Assessment

Game-based ratings have received a lot of media attention and managed to capture the interests of many organizations (eg Unilever, AXA Group, Deloitte etc.). In a recent study of human resources practitioners, 75% of participants indicated that they would consider using gamification as part of their own recruitment and selection strategy in the near future. Following the methodological approach already used in educational environment, two approaches to building and using GBA in the organizational environment can be distinguished: gamified assessment – by gamifying (already existing) psychometric test; psychometric play - use of a game to gather evaluation data. It is well accepted that, the basis of the success of any company is due to the human capital, which is the combination of people’s capabilities and skills. Therefore, the fundamental job of any recruiter is sourcing talent and engaging employees in the organization. For this, they have to ensure that the candidate’s skills match well with the organization’s requirement and culture. Previous studies highlighted that those applying for a job are eager to use game-based assessment for self-evaluation, especially when these games are available for free. Game-based assessments can also help maintain a high commitment during the evaluation, which reduces the likelihood of some candidates dropping out in the process and also increases the amount of time that data can be collected. Current paper aim at presenting the preliminary efforts made to gamify two psychometric tests, namely spatial and verbal reasoning.
HIGH SENSITIVITY TUNE MEASUREMENT BY DIRECT DIODE DETECTION

The fractional part of the betatron tune for a circular accelerator can be measured by observing beam oscillations on a position pick-up. In frequency domain the betatron frequency is seen as sidebands on either side of the revolution harmonics. Usually beam signal pulses from the pick-up are very short with respect to the revolution period, resulting in a broadband spectrum. Classical tune measurement systems filter out just one of the betatron sidebands. As a consequence, most of the betatron energy is lost and only a very small fraction remains for further processing. This paper describes a new method, referred to as Direct Diode Detection (3D). It is based on the idea of time stretching beam pulses from the pick-up in order to increase the betatron frequency content in the baseband. The 3D method was recently tested in the CERN SPS and PS, BNL RHIC and FNAL Tevatron machines. Results from all these machines [1, 2, 3, 4] show that this method can increase the betatron signal level by orders of magnitude as compared to classical systems, making it possible to observe tunes with no explicit excitation. Frequency resolution in the order of 10-5 and amplitude sensitivity in the order of 10 nm has been achieved with this very simple hardware.
The Effects of Active Social leisure Activities on Communicative Skills and their Role on Mental Health of the Employees of Education Organization of Hamedan

Introduction and objective It is obvious that leisure time has very important role in mental and physical improvement of the members of society; thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of active social leisure activities on communicative skills and its role on mental health of employees. Methodology The present study is descriptive correlative. The statistical population includes 400 employees of education organization of Hamedan city. According to Cohen formula (2000), the sample size includes 196 members who were selected through stratified random sampling from the statistical population. For data collection, active social leisure activities, communicative skills and mental health of employees with reliability of 0.71, 0.90 and 0.92 were used. Moreover, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts. The statistical analyses have been done through statistical software packages of social sciences, version 19 and Lizrel (version 8.54) in descriptive and referential levels (p≤ 0.05). Findings Findings have shown that the active social leisure activities directly influence communicative skills and mental health. Conclusion It seems necessary to pay enough attention to physical, mental and social health of individuals. Thus, having active social leisure time is recommended as an effective factor in increased efficacy and sufficiency of individuals and social and working transactions as leisure strategy. Keywords: mental health, active leisure activities, social activities, employees, communicative skills
Nitrogen retention and denitrification in reservoirs

Studies coupling direct measurements of micro-scale nitrogen (N) cy cle processes with ecosystem-scale flux estimates are needed to determine N retention hot spots within river networks, where up to 50% of terrestrial loading to aquatic systems is retaine d. This study examined the role of denitrification, a microbially-mediated reactive N rem oval pathway, in ecosystem-scale N retention in 3 small (< 1 km ), shallow flood-control reservoirs. Annual reservoir N retention was estimated through mass balance modeling of system inputs and outputs. Annual denitrification rates were estimated by combining multiple m easurements of seasonal, habitat-specific dinitrogen gas (N 2) fluxes. Annual reservoir N retention ranged from 14 19 g m in the reservoirs, while reactive N removal through denitrification was 13 25 g m. Denitrification efficiency, or the portion of the retained N load that was denit rified, was high relative to other lentic systems and was > 100% at 2 sites. Previous lentic de nitr fication studies may have underestimated denitrification efficiency by not consideri ng water column denitrification, which was 50% of total denitrification at one study reservoir. H owever, not all potential inputs, most importantly biological N 2 fixation, were included in this study’s mass balance model, which likely led to underestimation of N retention. This study's fi ndings indicate that reservoirs are N sinks in the landscape, and that denitrification plays a major role in regulating long-term storage of both watershed and biologically-fixed N loa ds in lentic systems. This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council:
Patterns of variation and correlation among traits in a strawberry germplasm collection (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.).

In this paper evaluating variation of twenty-eight traits in a strawberry collection consisted of 117 accessions (clones), and assessment of phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations among these traits have been carried out. The genotypes studied were a part of the strawberry germplasm collection established in the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, Poland. The evaluated traits include attributes of growth, development, yield, fruit quality and resistance to the most important strawberry diseases. These traits were observed on one plot for each genotype during three fruit-bearing seasons from 2001 to 2003 using a rate scale from 1 to 9 or rarely 1 to 7 (larger scores of each trait determine larger level of its expression according to its definition). The input data were arranged in an incomplete two-way genotype x year classification (some genotypes have been observed only in two years). Variance components were estimated for each trait separately by REML method for a random model of the two-way classification using VARCOMP procedure of the SAS software package. Coefficients of heritability for the three-year phenotypic means were estimated on the basis of the variance components. Genetic and environmental variance and covariance components needed for estimation of different correlation coefficients were evaluated using MANOVA option of the GLM procedure of the SAS package.
Pleistocene terrestrial Mammal faunas from the North Sea Area

Many thousands of (sublfossil mammalian remains have been collected trom the bottom of the North Sea by fishermen using beamtrawls. The larger mammal fossils have been found mainly in a restricted area in the southern pan of the North Sea notably the Deep Water Channel and the Brown Bank. The list of mammal species are divided into two main groups: a group which Itve in a marine environment and a group of terrestrial mammals. The terrestrial mammals from the North Sea are divided in four fauna-associations which are regarded as groups of larger mammals with a comparable age although not necessarily regarded as contemporaneous. Heavily mineralized mammalian remains are referred to fauna-associations I and II. Fauna-association I, with Anancus arvernensis and Mammuthus meridionalis, of Early or Middle Villafranchian age is correlated with the Tigliart. Fauna-association II with e.g. Mammuthus meridionalis {advanced type! Mammuthus trogomherii, Hippopotamus antiquus and Cervalces latifrons, of Late Villafranchian age is correlated with the late Early/early Middle Pleistocene. The fossil remains referred to fauna-association / originate most probably from the IJmuiden Ground Formation and fauna-association II from the Yarmouth ffoads Formation. Fauna-association III, with e.g. Elephas antiquus, Mammuthus primigenius, Coelodonta antiquitatis and Ovibos moschatus, of Late Pleistocene age originates from the Brown Bank Formation. Faunaassociation IV with e.g. Sus scrora, Alces alces and Bos primigenius of early Holocene age originates from the Elbow Formation which occurs in the eastern part of the Flemish Bight area. NrS2 1995 Pleistoceng terrestrial mammal faunas from the North Sea 135