Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on hepatic blood flow and oxygenation in chronically instrumented greyhound dogs.

Inhalational anesthetics produce differential effects on hepatic blood flow and oxygenation that may impact hepatocellular function and drug clearance. In this investigation, the effects of sevoflurane on hepatic blood flow and oxygenation were compared with those of enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane in ten chronically instrumented greyhound dogs. Each dog randomly received enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, each at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 MAC concentrations. Mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output decreased in a dose-dependent fashion during all four anesthetics studied. Heart rate increased compared to control during enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane anesthesia and did not change during halothane anesthesia. Hepatic arterial blood flow and portal venous blood flow were measured by chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probes. Hepatic O2 delivery and consumption were calculated after hepatic arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous blood gas analysis. Hepatic arterial blood flow was maintained with sevoflurane and isoflurane. Halothane and enflurane reduced hepatic arterial blood flow during all anesthetic levels compared to control (P less than 0.05), with marked reductions occurring with 1.5 and 2.0 MAC halothane concomitant with an increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance. Portal venous blood flow was reduced with isoflurane and sevoflurane at 1.5 and 2.0 MAC. A somewhat greater reduction in portal venous blood flow occurred during 2.0 MAC sevoflurane (P less than 0.05 compared to control and 1.0 MAC values for sevoflurane). Enflurane reduced portal venous blood flow at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 MAC compared to control. Halothane produced the greatest reduction in portal venous blood flow (P less than 0.05 compared to sevoflurane). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proximal Stimulus for Brewster’s Phenomenon is Equivalent to That of Wheatstone’s Stereogram

We examined Brewster’s perceptual phenomenon that is produced by the same binocularly equivalent proximal stimulus as Wheatstone’s stereogram. We then constructed and observed the perceptual effect created by another distal stimulus that also created an equivalent binocular proximal stimulus. All three stimulus situations produced the appearance of a tilted line in the median plane which is consistent with Hering’s rule that the average of the two local signs and binocular eye position determine visual direction. The characteristics of the proximal stimulus are also relevant to the question raised by Helmholtz regarding the empirical vertical horopter.
Efeitos agudos de vários métodos de treinamento de força no lactato sanguíneo e características de cargas em homens treinados recreacionalmente

Diversos metodos de treinamento de forca (MTF) foram desenvolvidos com o proposito de manipular os estimulos fisiologicos e obter melhores resultados com o treinamento. O proposito do presente estudo foi comparar as respostas metabolicas e mecânicas entre sete diferentes MTF descritos na literatura. Os MTF foram comparados com relacao ao lactato sanguineo, tempo sob tensao (TST) e sobrecarga total (TST x carga) em jovens treinados do sexo masculino. Os MTF testados foram 10RM, superlento, isometrico funcional, oclusao vascular adaptada, 6RM, repeticoes forcadas e series descendentes. Todos os MTF produziram elevacoes significativas no lactato sanguineo, sem diferencas entre eles. O metodo de series descendentes produziu maior tempo sob tensao e sobrecarga total em comparacao com os outros MTF testados.
In situ T cell responses against melanoma comprise high numbers of locally expanded T cell clonotypes.

It is well established that melanoma cells express Ags that are recognized by autologous T cells in vitro. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in situ comprise clonotypic T cells, suggesting that their expansion is driven by Ag stimulation. Still, little is known about the detailed characteristics of the in situ T cell response. In the present study, we scrutinized this response by analyzing multiple metastatic lesions for the presence of clonotypic T cells. This approach was chosen to distinguish whether the clonal T cell expansion occurs as a systemic or localized phenomenon. TCR clonotype mapping of six s.c. metastases from two patients revealed the presence of multiple (from 40 to >60) clonotypic T cells in all lesions. Clonotypic T cells were present in TCR beta-variable regions expressed both at high and low levels. Comparison of the T cell clonotypes present in different lesions from individual patients demonstrated that, in general, clonotypes were exclusively detected in a single lesion. Hence, anti-melanoma T cell responses are much more heterogeneous than previously anticipated and accommodate a predominance of strictly localized T cell clonotypes.
The Blame Game

“Blame game” coverage relates to news about actors in the public arena as they try to deflect, deflate, or diffuse blame for negative events so that the public does not view them as the cause of harm. The current research looks at formal differences in news presentations and how they affect causal attributions of news readers and subsequent support for agents in the news and policy preferences. In Study 1, verb voice was manipulated in four news stories with one key agent; when active voice was used to describe actions relative to an event, that agent was more seen as the cause of that event than when passive voice was used. Study 2 demonstrated, based on three news reports about conflicts, that facets of causal attributions—perceived control and intention— affect perceptions of agents' traits, as well as assent and support for the changes targeted by the news agents.
Perfil dos pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto de um hospital universitário

Objetivo: o estudo objetivou tracar o perfil dos pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto de um hospital universitario. Metodo: estudo do tipo retrospectivo, de carater descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulario proprio, diretamente do prontuario dos pacientes e, apos, sofreram um processo de analise quantitativa. Resultados: os resultados evidenciam que a populacao e predominantemente, do sexo masculino, idosa e procedente do pronto atendimento da instituicao. As principais causas de internacao foram as doencas infecciosas e as doencas neurologicas. O tempo medio de internacao foi de 14 dias. A infeccao hospitalar foi a complicacao mais frequente. O indice de obito foi de 50%. Conclusoes: o conhecimento desses dados e fundamental para otimizar o processo de trabalho e de cuidado em unidades criticas, possibilitando, ao enfermeiro, melhor planejar acoes de cuidado em saude.
Sound Source Mechanics and Musical Timbre Perception: Evidence From Previous Studies

Timbre has been conceived of as a multidimensional sensory attribute and as a carrier of perceptually useful information about the mechanics of the sound source. To date, research on musical timbre has focused on defining its acoustical correlates, whereas fragmentary evidence is available on the influence of mechanical parameters. We quantified the extent to which mechanical properties of the sound source are associated with structures in the data from published identification and dissimilarity-rating studies. We focus on two macroscopic mechanical properties: the musical instrument family and excitation type. Identification confusions are significantly more frequent for same-family instruments. With dissimilarity ratings, same-family or same-excitation tones are judged more similar and tend to occupy the same region of multidimensional-scaling spaces. As such, significant associations between the perception of musical timbre and the mechanics of the sound source emerge even when not explicitly demanded by the task.
Fluoxetine and hemostatic function: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Isolated case reports have appeared implicating fluoxetine as a cause of impaired hemostatic function. The authors attempted to investigate this phenomenon. METHOD The hemostatic function of 10 patients with DSM-III-R major depression was investigated before and after a trial of treatment with fluoxetine. The tests included international normalized ratio, partial thromboplastin time, factors II, V, VII, VIII:C, IX, X, XI, XII, fibrinogen, thrombin time, bleeding time, euglobulin lysis time, protein kinase C, antithrombin, platelet counts, D dimer, lupus inhibitor, and platelet sensitivity studies to the following agonists: adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, collagen, and arachidonic acid. Hemostatic data on a patient with a drug-related bleeding episode are not available. RESULTS No significant difference was found in any of the parameters tested. CONCLUSION This study failed to demonstrate any compromised hemostatic function associated with fluoxetine therapy. However, the possibility of a type II statistical error exists. It is possible that bleeding events may occur as an idiosyncratic reaction to fluoxetine treatment.
The haemopoietic growth factor, Flt3L, alters the immune response induced by transcutaneous immunization

Topical application of antigen induces antigen‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study we examined whether expansion of dendritic cells (DC) by Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) treatment influences the induction of immune responses following transcutaneous immunization. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with Flt3L or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and immunized transcutaneously with hen egg lysozyme (HEL). Flt3L‐treated mice developed lower HEL‐specific cellular and humoral immune responses than PBS‐treated mice. However, in the presence of cholera toxin (CT), a potent adjuvant for mucosal and transcutaneous immunization, Flt3L‐treated mice developed significantly higher cellular and humoral immune responses to HEL when compared to PBS‐treated mice. We assessed whether the immunomodulatory effects of CT were a result of activation of epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans' cells; LC). Our results indicate that within 8–12 hr of topical application of CT, epidermal LC cells lose their dendritic morphology and become rounder in appearance. In addition, we observed enhanced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and of adhesion molecules CD11c and intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1). Our observations support the concept that the state of activation of DC in the skin is central to the regulation of immune responses. This information is relevant to the design of effective transcutaneous vaccination strategies.
Demoralization: A Life-Preserving Diagnosis to Make for the Severely Medically Ill

Existential distress and suffering in terminally ill patients present challenges for palliative care providers who are attempting to help these patients achieve a good death. Such challenges are common and often unmet. Among those with a bountiful sense of life accomplishment, acceptance of dying becomes more probable as death ap proaches. Adaptive coping is facilitated by a perception of the meaning, value, and worth of life. However, when life appears futile, its meaning is lost and the worthiness of the individual is depleted, despair can result. The demoralization syndrome has been proposed as an important diagnosis that can guide management of these difficult circumstances (1). What remains unanswered is whether consensus can be reached about its diagnostic criteria, whether the construct can be shown to be empirically valid, how the demoralization syndrome can be differentiated from depression, and what utility the construct offers to the field. For several decades, assessment for the presence of clinical depression and anxiety was the key clinical diagnostic task that healthcare professionals undertook to understand patients presenting with unhappiness, hopelessness, helplessness, and a desire for hastened death. This narrow lens created therapeutic difficulties when anhedonia was not present, when the patient’s mood was reactive, and when the patient could laugh spontaneously in a humorous context. Clearly, suffering can occur within an existential frame and coping can be challenged, but the psychiatric classification system has proven unhelpful in directing the healthcare professional toward therapeutic strategies. A relatively recent revision of the conventional Lazarus and Folkman model of coping has provided insight into this predicament (2). In 1984, conceptualization of the original coping model included a stressor-generating appraisal of any potential threat, with a choice of problem-based or emotion-based response pathways. Folkman became intrigued by the retention of joy among the caregivers she was studying, even though illness was causing a sad decline in their partners’ well-being. The meaning they found in caregiving was the basis of their sustained happiness and resilience in the face of adversity. Folkman realized that meaning-based coping had been completely overlooked by the original coping model, yet it is a major adaptive pathway. As a corollary, loss of meaning and purpose precipitates loss of morale, a struggle to cope, and the potential development of despair and demoralization. The future is perceived as bleak, dark, and hopeless, and continuing to exist seems pointless (1).
Effect of Propofol Anesthesia and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Upper Airway Size and Configuration in Infants

Background:Infants are prone to obstruction of the upper airway during general anesthesia. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is often used to prevent or treat anesthesia-induced airway obstruction. The authors studied the interaction of propofol anesthesia and CPAP on airway caliber in infants using magnetic resonance imaging. Methods:Nine infants undergoing elective magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were studied. Head position was standardized. Spin echo magnetic resonance images of the airway were acquired at the level of the soft palate, base of the tongue, and tip of the epiglottis. Four sets of images were acquired in sequence: (1) during light propofol anesthesia at an infusion rate of 80 &mgr;g · kg–1 · min–1, (2) after increasing the depth of propofol anesthesia by administering a bolus dose (2.0 mg/kg) and increasing the infusion rate to 240 &mgr;g · kg–1 · min–1, (3) during continued infusion of 240 &mgr;g · kg–1 · min–1 propofol and application of 10 cm H2O CPAP, and (4) after removal of CPAP and continued infusion of 240 &mgr;g · kg–1 · min–1 propofol. Results:Increasing depth of propofol anesthesia decreased airway caliber at each anatomical level, predominantly due to anteroposterior narrowing. Application of CPAP completely reversed the propofol-induced decrease in airway caliber, primarily by increasing the transverse dimension. Conclusions:Airway narrowing with increasing depth of propofol anesthesia results predominantly from a reduction in anteroposterior dimension, whereas CPAP acts primarily to increase the transverse dimension. Although airway caliber during deep propofol anesthesia and application of CPAP was similar to that during light propofol anesthesia, there were significant configurational differences.
Culturally Competent Transplant Program Improves Hispanics' Knowledge and Attitudes about Live Kidney Donation and Transplant

Context Hispanics receive disproportionately fewer live donor kidney transplants than non-Hispanic whites. Increasing Hispanics' knowledge and changing attitudes about live kidney donation may reduce these disparities. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of culturally and linguistically competent educational sessions delivered through Northwestern University's Hispanic Transplant Program. Design Baseline and postsession questionnaires were used to evaluate changes in patients' and family members' knowledge and attitudes toward live kidney donation and program satisfaction. Knowledge items related to live kidney donation were scaled, and changes in scores were evaluated via a paired t test. Multiple regression analysis of follow-up knowledge scores controlled for baseline scores was used to estimate the effects of patients' and families' sociodemographic characteristics. Changes in attitude items, including comfort with exploring live kidney donation, were analyzed with χ2 tests. Results One-hundred thirteen patients and family members completed surveys before and after an education session. Respondents' knowledge about live kidney donation and transplant increased significantly (P < .001) between baseline and after the session. Patients' attitudes toward live kidney donation became more favorable (P < .02), as did family members' attitudes toward being a donor (P < .001) after participating in the program. All respondents reported high levels of satisfaction with the program and preferences for culturally congruent care. Conclusions The educational sessions provided by the Hispanic Transplant Program effectively addressed commonly shared Hispanic concerns about live kidney donation. Culturally congruent education increased Hispanic patients' and family members' knowledge and improved attitudes about live donor kidney transplants.
Efficient compilation strategy for object‐oriented languages under the closed‐world assumption

Reaching the best level of runtime performance from a high‐level, object‐oriented language is often considered challenging if not unattainable. The closed‐world assumption involves considering all of the source code of an application together at compile time. That assumption makes it possible to produce an efficient code. For instance, multiple inheritance can be implemented as efficiently as single inheritance. Our compilation strategy is the result of a prolonged project, tying together several compilation techniques: call graph analysis, dead code elimination, type flow analysis, code customization, implementation of dynamic dispatch, inlining, pointer optimization, switch optimization, objects layout, and so on. Merging all of these techniques into a global strategy appears to be quite problematic. Throughout the paper, two real‐world compilers are used as benchmarks to provide measurements for compiler writers to evaluate the applicability of our approach. Type flow analysis is a fundamental aspect of our strategy to resolve method calls. We have extended type flow analysis to deal with the content of arrays, enabling us to process additional expressions and thus making it possible to obtain a true global analysis. Typically, more than 90% of method call sites are statically resolved. Our experience indicates that the closed‐world assumption is suitable for numerous applications. Surprisingly, even library‐defined control statements from dynamic languages are perfectly processed with our strategy. The Smalltalk ifTrue:ifFalse:, whileTrue:, to:do:, and so on are, for the very first time, perfectly translated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SOCIAL LEARNING ABOUT CONSUMPTION

This paper applies a social learning model to the optimal consumption rule of Allen and Carroll [Macroeconomic Dynamics 5(2001), 255–271] and delivers convincing convergence dynamics toward the optimal rule. These findings constitute a significant improvement over previous results in the literature, in terms of both speed of convergence and parsimony of the learning model. The learning model exhibits several appealing features: it is frugal, is easy to apply to a various range of learning objectives, and requires few procedures and little information. Particular care is given to behavioral interpretation of the modeling assumptions in light of evidence from the fields of psychology and social science. Our results highlight the need to depart from the genetic metaphor, and account for intentional decision-making, based on agents' relative performances. By contrast, we show that convergence is strongly hindered by exact imitation processes, or random exploration mechanisms, which are usually assumed when modeling social learning behavior. Our results suggest a method for modeling bounded rationality, which could be interestingly tested in a wide range of economic models with adaptive dynamics.
Risk Factors of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) Among Commercial Inter-State Drivers in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Background: Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) constitute a major public health problem globally with its effects felt more in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Millions of lives, globally, are lost annually and several others are disabled following RTAs with human, vehicular and road environment being identified by literatures as the common risk factors of RTAs. The Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) of Nigeria reported in 2014 that an estimated 1,991 lives were lost to RTAs in Lagos, Nigeria alone in the preceding four years. The majority of the populations affected in RTAs are within active working age
Links between emotion perception and social participation restriction following stroke

Abstract Objectives: Stroke can cause impairment in emotion perception, but the social consequences of these problems have not been explored to date. In a group of patients with stroke, this study investigated whether difficulties in emotion perception related to social participation and quality-of-life. It also assessed whether these relationships remained significant when controlling for activity limitations. Method: Individuals 1 year post-stroke (n = 28) and control participants (n = 40) were assessed on emotion perception across different modalities. Activity limitations, social participation, and multiple domains of quality-of-life were assessed in patients. Results: Participants with stroke were impaired on emotion perception compared to controls. Emotion perception problems in stroke were significantly correlated with social participation and psychological aspects of QoL, but not with activity limitations. Conclusions: The strong relationships of emotion perception with social participation and psychological aspects of QoL following stroke may have implications for post-stroke outcomes.
1 CLASS II PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE REGULATES EXOCYTOSIS OF INSULIN GRANULES IN PANCREATIC BETA CELLS

Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, UK; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; The Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Diabetes Research Group, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Running Title: PI3K-C2α in pancreatic β cells Address correspondence to: Tania Maffucci, Inositide Signalling Group, Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK; Tel: +44(0)2078828423; Fax: +44(0)2078822186 UK; E-mail: t.maffucci@qmul.ac. uk