Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRIMER: Examining Trends in Emergency Department Utilization and Costs

Health care in the United States is expensive, and part of the debate over how to control the cost of treatment has focused on overuse of high-cost settings, such as hospital emergency departments (EDs). Treating a patient in an ED costs much more than treating one in a primary care setting, so overuse of EDs for non-urgent needs drives up overall spending, the thinking goes. Insurers have taken note of this structure, and some have even taken the step recently of refusing to cover beneficiaries’ unnecessary ED visits.
Reducing electronic multiplexing costs in unidirectional SONET/WDM ring networks via efficient traffic grooming

We develop traffic grooming algorithms for unidirectional SONET/WDM ring networks. The objective is to assign low rate circuits to wavelengths in a way that minimizes the total cost of electronic equipment (e.g., the number of SONET add/drop multiplexers (ADMs)). When the traffic from all nodes is destined to a single node, and all traffic rates are the same, we obtain a solution that minimizes the number of ADMs. In the more general case of all-to-all uniform traffic we obtain a lower bound on the number of ADMs required, and provide a heuristic algorithm that performs close to that bound. Finally, we consider the use of a hub node, where traffic can be switched between different wavelengths, and obtain an optimal algorithm which minimizes the number of ADMs by efficiently multiplexing and switching the traffic at the hub. Moreover, we show that any solution not using a hub can be transformed into a solution with a hub using fewer or the same number of ADMs.
Number : WUCSE-2007-52 2007 Strong Performance Guarantees for Asynchronous Buffered

Crossbar-based switches are commonly used to implement routers with throughputs up to about 1 Tb/s. The advent of crossbar scheduling algorithms that provide strong performance guarantees now makes it possible to engineer systems that perform well, even under extreme traffic conditions. Until recently, such performance guarantees have only been developed for crossbars that switch cells rather than variable length packets. Cell-based crossbars incur a worst-case bandwidth penalty of up to a factor of two, since they must fragment variable length packets into fixed length cells. In addition, schedulers for cell-based crossbars may fail to deliver the expected performance guarantees when used in routers that forward packets. We show how to obtain performance guarantees for asynchronous crossbars that are directly comparable to those previously developed for synchronous, cell-based crossbars. In particular we define derivatives of the Group by Virtual Output Queue (GVOQ) scheduler of Chuang et al. and the Least Occupied Output First Scheduler of Krishna et al. and show that both can provide strong performance guarantees in systems with speedup 2. Specifically, we show that these schedulers are work-conserving and that they can emulate an output-queued switch using any queueing discipline in the class of restricted Push-In, First-Out queueing disciplines. We also show that there are schedulers for segment-based crossbars, (introduced recently by Katevenis and Passas) that can deliver Notes: Supported in part by the National Science Foundation (grant # 0325291). Any opinions, findings or Type of Report: Other Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 Strong Performance Guarantees for Asynchronous Buffered Crossbar Schedulers
Characteristics of the Abdominal and Neck Flexor Muscles of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Methods: The subjects were eight children with CP and eight children without the disease. The activities of the external abdominal oblique (EO), internal abdominal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and RA/SCM muscles were collected by surface electromyography (EMG) when the children lifted their heads. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the activity of each muscle during the head-lifting exercise. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05.
Part I : Torsion problem ( 2008 ~ 2009 ) A systematic method for a circular torsion problem with circular holes and / or inclusions

In this project, a systematic approach is proposed to calculate the torsional rigidity and stress of a circular bar containing multiple circular inclusions. To fully capture the circular geometries, the kernel function is expanded to the degenerate form and the boundary density is expressed into Fourier series. The approach is seen as a semi-analytical manner since error purely attributes to the truncation of Fourier series. By collocating the null-field point exactly on the real boundary and matching the boundary condition, a linear algebraic system is obtained. Convergence study shows that only a few number of Fourier series terms can yield acceptable results. Finally, torsion problems are revisited to check the validity of our method. Not only the torsional rigidities but also the stresses of multiple inclusions are also obtained by using the present approach.
Anatomy of the laryngeal apparatus of the Pygmy Right Whale, Caperea marginata (Gray 1846)

The laryngeal apparatus of Caperea marginata is described for the first time and proves to be significantly different from that of any mysticete previously described. This difference is especially noticeable in the position of the laryngeal sac, which is separate from the tracheal rings and lies to the right of the animal. Massive ontogenetic development of the sac in adult males is demonstrated, far greater than that seen in most other mysticetes. Histological analysis of the laryngeal sac shows the walls to be very muscular, abundantly innervated, and vascularized, indicating an active organ. Coiled blood vessels and nerves support the hypothesis that the sac undergoes extensive expansion and contraction. A possible association with the unique thoracic development of the species is suggested. The roles of the laryngeal sac and arytenoid cartilages in mysticete sound production are also discussed. J. Morphol. 242:67–81, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between udder dimensions and milk yield of Kenana × Friesian crossbred cows.

An investigation was carried out to study the effects of parity order, lactation stage and milking time on dairy cows' udder dimensions (circumference, length, fore and hind depths, fore and hind teats lengths and udder capacity). The relationship of milk yield with these measurements was also aimed. 118 Kenana × Friesian crossbred cows of the farm of the Armed Forces Cooperative Corporation, were grouped according to parity order (1-8 parities) and lactations stage (early, mid and late). The udder measurements were taken before and after morning and noon milking for consecutive 15 days. Three-way analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis. Correlations and linear regressions of milk yield on the different udder measurements were also examined. The average milk yield was 6.03±2.71 kg/milking, whereas udder measurements before milking averaged 105±15.0 cm, 44.8±7.43 cm, 23.7±3.11 cm, 23.6±3.71 cm, 6.78±1.81 cm and 5.99±1.66 cm, for udder circumference, length, fore depth, hind depth, fore teat length and hind teat length, respectively. The average calculated udder capacity before milking was 1067±265 cm. The results revealed that all the studied udder measurements increased with parity order. The udder measurements were higher before the morning milking than before the noon milking. Stage of lactation did not affect the udder measurements. The study concluded that these Kenana × Friesian crossbred cows had good shaped udder but relatively long teats. It also concluded that when evaluating the udder measurement factors such as period between milking and cows' age should be put into consideration. It is worth mentioning that the length of the udder before milking is the most udder measurement variable with milk yield (correlation coefficient = 0.64) and each cm change in udder length represent 0.22 kg milk yield change.
Principal configurations around umbilics of spacelike surfaces in null hypersurfaces of R 41 July 2 nd , 2019

We study the principal configurations around an isolated η-umbilical point on a generic spacelike surface S immersed in a null hypersurface M of Minkowski space R1 relative to a well-defined null vector field η orthogonal to the surface S. In the particular case of M being a null rotation hypersurface of R1 we also recover the local Darbouxian principal configurations around that kind of η-umbilical points.
Deletion of HPV 18 E 6 and E 7 genes using dual sgRNA-directed CRISPR / Cas 9 inhibits growth of cervical cancer cells

Human papillomavirus (HPVs) type 18 is a major cause of cervical adenocarcinoma. E6 and E7 viral genes play significant roles in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma. Single guide RNA (sgRNA)-directed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system is a highly efficient genome engineering tool. Here, we used dual sgRNA-directed CRISPR/Cas9 to delete the HPV18 E6 and E7 genes simultaneously. We deleted the E6 and E7 genes with a high mutation rate of 81.8% in HeLa cells. Deletion of the E6 and E7 genes restored the p53 and Rb protein levels, induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells. Apoptosis and proliferation of the control-SiHa cell line were not affected. Therefore, dual sgRNA-guided CRISPR is a highly specific method for reversing the malignant phenotype of cervical cancer cells. Deletion of the E6 and E7 genes using CRISPR provides us a new therapy to treat HPV18 infection.
Rapid HPLC screening of jasmonate-induced increases in tobacco alkaloids, phenolics, and diterpene glycosides in Nicotiana attenuata

A rapid, HPLC-based screening procedure for the main classes of secondary metabolites in Nicotiana attenuata leaves (alkaloids, phenolics, and diterpene glycosides) is reported. In a single step, leaves are extracted in aqueous acidified (0.5% acetic acid) methanol, and the extracted compounds are separated by reversed-phase HPLC with an acidic water/acetonitrile gradient in <30 min. The utility of the method in quantifying changes in the secondary metabolites after methyl jasmonate treatment of the plants, a treatment known to elicit resistance to herbivores in nature, is illustrated. Methyl jasmonate treatment elicited dramatic increases in some secondary metabolites (caffeoylputrescine, nicotine, and diterpene glycosides increased 12.5-, 1.4-, and 1.9-fold, respectively) but left others, such as rutin, unchanged. Such broad-based analytical screens will help characterize environmental and genetic changes in secondary metabolite profiles.
An approach to changes in the mathematical discourse generated in the process of defining

On this work, we focus on a sociocultural perspective in order to set forth the changes that are manifested in the students’ mathematical discourse when they try to define a mathematical object. We mainly establish whether it is possible to characterize the process of changing by using the tools as a result of the perspective described above. There were fiftyone participants, students between the ages of 16 and 21. This analysis allowed us to identify different changes on the students’ mathematical discourse by the characterization of the identified relationships between their narrative and their routines manifested in the discourse. These changes have allowed us to get an approximate of the students’ learning process. PALABRAS CLAVE: Definir Definición matemática Perspectiva sociocultural Discurso matemático Estudiantes de bachillerato y primeros cursos universitarios
The geographical relationships of British and Irish vascular plants.

Abstract Classifications of British and Irish vascular plants into floristic elements are reviewed. Only H.C. Watson and J.R. Matthews have attempted to devise a more or less comprehensive classification, based on the British range of the species (Watson) or the European distribution (Matthews). A new classification of 1481 native species is presented, based on their range in the Northern Hemisphere. Species are classified by their occurrence in one or more major biomes (Arctic, Boreal, Temperate, Southern) and their longitudinal distribution (Oceanic, Suboceanic, European, Eurosiberian, Eurasian, Circumpolar). The distribution of species in the floristic elements is illustrated by coincidence maps for the British Isles and Europe. The British and Irish flora is dominated by Boreo-temperate, Temperate and Southern-temperate species, with the Temperate species being the most numerous. Species with continental distributions (i.e. species which are rarer than expected in western Europe) are listed; most of these are in the Boreo-temperate and Temperate elements. The floristic elements are discussed in relation to the life-form spectra, habitat preferences and altitudinal limits of the component species, and analysed in terms of Ellenberg indicator values for temperature and continentality. The new classification is compared with that of Matthews. An additional 48 species which are endemic to the British Isles are listed. The scope for extending this method of classification to other organisms and for adapting it for use outside the British Isles is discussed.
Feeding of the cabbage stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala on high and low glucosinolate cultivars of oilseed rape

The cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala L. , is an important pest of winter oilseed rape in Europe (Bromand, 1990). In laboratory tests, it fed only on plants containing glucosinolates, secondary plant compounds ubiquitous in the Brassicaceae (Bartlet & Williams, 1991). Glucosinolates stimulated the feeding of the cabbage stem flea beetle when added to agar, and the amount of feeding that occurred increased with increasing glucosinolate concentration (Bartlet et al., 1994). Thus, higher levels of feeding by the cabbage stem flea beetle might be expected on plant tissue with high levels of glucosinolate. Glucosinolate levels in the cotyledons of oilseed rape reflect those in the seed (Milford et al., 1989). In field trials Williams (1989) found no consistent difference in cabbage stem flea beetle damage on the cotyledons of single low (high seed glucosinolate) and double low (low seed glucosinolate) commercial oilseed rape cultivars.
Biology of the Cyclostomes

Distribution, variety and life cycles. - Perspectives and relationships. - Ecology and behaviour. - Respiration and feeding. - The heart and circulatory system. - The skeleton and the muscular system. - The nervous system. - Osmotic and ionic regulation. - The pituitary. - The peripheral endocrine tissues. - Reproduction and development. - Comparative biochemistry, immunology and cytogenetics. - Conclusions and evolutionary perspectives.
Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase of Escherichia coli B

Using EDTA-dialyzed tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA, which retain 0.8 and 0.25 atom of Mg2+ per molecule, respectively, tyrosine activation as well as tyrosyl-tRNA formation were investigated in the absence of added magnesium ions. It is shown that the tyrosyladenylate · enzyme complex is still formed, but the rate of the reaction is reduced by a factor of 104. The rate of the ATP-PPi exchange reaction, under these conditions, is reduced by a factor of 4 · 104. In the presence of pyrophosphate the predominant reaction is not the pyrophosphorolysis of the enzyme-bound tyrosyladenylate but its hydrolysis. The rate of tyrosyl-tRNA formation, starting with free ATP and tyrosine and in the presence of spermidine, was only 15 times lower than in the presence of Mg2+. Spermidine has no effect on the rate of the ATP-PPi exchange reaction.
High levels of mitochondrial cytochrome b divergence in annual killifishes of the genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae)

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships based on 324 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were examined in 14 species of the genus Cynolebias . The monophyly of the genus relative to three outgroup taxa belonging to the family Rivulidae was supported by the sequence data. Bootstrap values corroborated the existence of intrageneric monophyletic units in both parsimony and Neighbour-joining analyses. These include a Cynolebias bellottii–C. wolterstorffi clade, a C. adloffi-2 , C. duraznensis , C. viarius and C. adloffi-1 group, and a C. gymnoventris , C. luteoflammulatus pair and the strongly supported assemblage that includes C. prognathus and C. cheradophilus clade. Phylogenetic relationships remain poorly supported for C. nigripinnis, C. affinis and C. alexandri , and unresolved among the previous ingroup clades. Cytochrome b sequences reveal an unexpectedly high level of divergence among species of the genus Cynolebias . Consequently, cytochrome b shows good resolution of recent cladogenetic events but limited phylogenetic information at deeper nodes. High levels of sequence divergence span a broad range within Cynolebias . The highest sequence divergence ( c. 28%) occurred among C. antenori and the remaining species of the genus. The minimum divergence value (4.5%) is exhibited by sympatric species C. cheradophilus and C. prognathus .
State feedback control for time-delayed systems with actuator failures

In this paper, the controller design for a class of systems with actuator failures as well as time delays in control inputs is considered. The model uncertainties are also taken into account in the design. By applying the Lyapunov stability criteria, a state feedback controller is established in the framework of Linear Matrix Inequalities. It can guarantee the robust stability and certain performance of the delayed system for both normal operation and actuator failure cases.
REPLACEMENT OF TRYPTOPHAN RESIDUES IN HALOALKANE DEHALOGENASE REDUCES HALIDE BINDING AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

Haloalkane dehalogenase catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds in short-chain haloalkanes. Two tryptophan residues of the enzyme (Trp125 and Trp175) form a halide-binding site in the active-site cavity, and were proposed to play a role in catalysis. The function of these residues was studied by replacing Trp125 with phenylalanine, glutamine or arginine and Trp175 by glutamine using site-directed mutagenesis. All mutants except Trpl25+Phe showed a more than 10-fold reduced k,, and much higher K, values with 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,Zdibromoethane than the wild-type enzyme. Fluorescence quenching experiments showed a decrease in the affinity of the mutant enzymes for halide ions. The *H kinetic isotope effect observed with the wild-type enzyme in deuterium oxide was lost in the active mutants, except the Trpl25-+Phe enzyme. The results indicate that both tryptophans are involved in stabilizing the transition state during the nucleophilic substitution reaction that causes carbon-halogen bond cleavage.
Graph planarization problem optimization based on triple‐valued gravitational search algorithm

This article presents a triple‐valued gravitational search algorithm (TGSA) to tackle the graph planarization problem (GPP). GPP is one of the most important tasks in graph theory, and has proved to be an NP‐hard problem. To solve it, TGSA uses a triple‐valued encoding scheme and models the search space into a triangular hypercube quantitatively based on the well‐known single‐row routing representation method. The agents in TGSA, whose interactions are driven by the gravity law, move toward the global optimal position gradually. The position updating rule for each agent is based on two indices: one is a velocity index which is a function of the current velocity of the agent, and the other is a population index based on the cumulative information in the whole population. To verify the performance of the algorithm, 21 benchmark instances are tested. Experimental results indicate that TGSA can solve the GPP by finding its maximum planar subgraph and embedding the resulting edges into a plane simultaneously. Compared with traditional algorithms, a novelty of TGSA is that it can find multiple optimal solutions for the GPP. Comparative results also demonstrate that TGSA outperforms the traditional meta‐heuristics in terms of the solution qualities within reasonable computational times. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A neural network-based mobile positioning with hierarchical structure

A hierarchical structure for mobile positioning in cellular communication systems is proposed in this paper based on multi-layer perceptron neural networks. The location of the mobile phone is estimated based on combining angle of arrival (AOA) and time of arrival (TOA) location determination methods implemented by a neural network. The coverage area of each base station is divided to different cells at each level of hierarchical structure. The estimation of mobile location is improved at each level by using a new neural network that has been trained for a smaller cell. Simulation results for an urban area show that the proposed method achieves a good performance by increasing the number of levels in the hierarchical neural networks.
Targeting chelatable iron as a therapeutic modality in Parkinson's disease.

AIMS The pathophysiological role of iron in Parkinson's disease (PD) was assessed by a chelation strategy aimed at reducing oxidative damage associated with regional iron deposition without affecting circulating metals. Translational cell and animal models provided concept proofs and a delayed-start (DS) treatment paradigm, the basis for preliminary clinical assessments. RESULTS For translational studies, we assessed the effect of oxidative insults in mice systemically prechelated with deferiprone (DFP) by following motor functions, striatal dopamine (HPLC and MRI-PET), and brain iron deposition (relaxation-R2*-MRI) aided by spectroscopic measurements of neuronal labile iron (with fluorescence-sensitive iron sensors) and oxidative damage by markers of protein, lipid, and DNA modification. DFP significantly reduced labile iron and biological damage in oxidation-stressed cells and animals, improving motor functions while raising striatal dopamine. For a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, early-stage Parkinson's patients on stabilized dopamine regimens enrolled in a 12-month single-center study with DFP (30 mg/kg/day). Based on a 6-month DS paradigm, early-start patients (n=19) compared to DS patients (n=18) (37/40 completed) responded significantly earlier and sustainably to treatment in both substantia nigra iron deposits (R2* MRI) and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor indicators of disease progression (p<0.03 and p<0.04, respectively). Apart from three rapidly resolved neutropenia cases, safety was maintained throughout the trial. INNOVATION A moderate iron chelation regimen that avoids changes in systemic iron levels may constitute a novel therapeutic modality for PD. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic features of a chelation modality established in translational models and in pilot clinical trials warrant comprehensive evaluation of symptomatic and/or disease-modifying potential of chelation in PD.