Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adjusting Carbon Cost Analyses to Account for Prior Tax Distortions

This paper discusses how carbon abatement policies interact with the tax system, and how these interactions affect the overall costs of carbon controls. We provide formulas for adjusting cost estimates of auctioned and grandfathered carbon emissions from partial equilibrium energy models into rough estimates of general equilibrium costs that account for fiscal interactions. In the basic model with a tax on labor income, the general equilibrium costs of (revenue-neutral) auctioned permits are around 25% higher than the partial equilibrium costs; those of grandfathered permits, which do not directly raise revenues for recycling, are typically more than 100% higher. However, when allowance is made for complicating factors, such as the effect of tax subsidies on raising the distortionary costs of the tax system, the efficiency gains from recycling revenues from auctioned permits are larger. Indeed the general equilibrium costs of (revenue-neutral) auctioned permits can be negative for modest abatement levels.
TAKESAKI DUALITY FOR WEIGHTS ON LOCALLY COMPACT QUANTUM GROUP COVARIANT SYSTEMS

Takesaki duality for weights on a covariant system based on an action of a locally compact quantum group (in the sense of Kustermans and Vaes) on a von Neumann algebra is shown. In the course of proving the duality, we also introduce a notion of a Radon-Nikodym derivative with respect to an action and a weight.
Interhabitat differences in ant activity on plant foliage: ants at extrafloral nectaries of Hibiscus pernambucensis in sandy and mangrove forests

Abstract The association between visiting ants and the extrafloral nectaries (EFN)‐bearing shrub Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae) was investigated in two different coastal habitats – a permanently dry sandy forest and a regularly inundated mangrove forest. In both habitats the frequency of plants with ants and the mean number of ants per plant were much higher on H. pernambucensis than on non‐nectariferous neighbouring plants. In the sandy forest the proportion of live termite baits attacked by ants on H. pernambucensis was much higher than on plants lacking EFNs. In the mangrove, however, ants attacked equal numbers of termites on either plant class. Ant attendance to tuna/honey baits revealed that overall ant activity in the sandy forest is higher than in the mangrove area. The vertical distribution (ground vs. foliage) of ant activity also differed between habitats. While in the mangrove foraging ants were more frequent at baits placed on foliage, in the sandy forest ant attendance was higher at ground baits. Plants housing ant colonies were more common in the mangrove than in the sandy forest. Frequent flooding in the mangrove may have resulted in increased numbers of ant nests on vegetation and scattered ant activity across plant foliage, irrespective of possession of EFNs. Thus plants with EFNs in the mangrove may not experience increased ant aggression towards potential herbivores relative to plants lacking EFNs. The study suggests that the vertical distribution of ant activity, as related to different nest site distribution (ground vs. foliage) through a spatial scale, can mediate ant foraging patterns on plant foliage and probably affect the ants’ potential for herbivore deterrence on an EFN‐bearing plant species.
Relationships among Some Quality Characteristics in Broiler Hatching Eggs

Relation among some parameters used for determining egg quality was studied in this research. Egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg width (EWd) and shape index (SI) was the studied parameters. A total of 1920 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle-aged (39 week) broiler breeders were used. In the first stage of this study, EW, EL, EWd were measured and SI values were calculated from these parameters. Average EW was 64.40 ± 0.04 g, EL was 57.35 ± 1.31 mm, EWd was 44.81 ± 0.61 mm and SI was 78.19 ± 0.10 in eggs of this study. In the second stage, coefficients of variation, correlation coefficients and regression equations were calculated for determining of relations among these parameters. Significant (p < 0.05) and significant correlation levels among EW and EL and EWd were determined (r = 0.582 and 0.734, respectively). Meanwhile, significant and high coefficient correlation among EW and SI was not found (p > 0.05) like egg width and egg length. Meanwhile, it was determined that egg width was more important variable than egg length and shape index for estimation of egg weight. Also, it was found that egg weight value could be estimated in higher accuracy by using egg width values instead of egg length and shape index values.
Characterization of the submesoscale energy cascade in the Alboran Sea thermocline from spectral analysis of high‐resolution MCS data

Part of the kinetic energy that maintains ocean circulation cascades down to small scales until it is dissipated through mixing. While most steps of this downward energy cascade are well understood, an observational gap exists at horizontal scales of 103–101 m that prevents characterizing a key step in the chain: the transition from anisotropic internal wave motions to isotropic turbulence. Here we show that this observational gap can be covered using high‐resolution multichannel seismic (HR‐MCS) data. Spectral analysis of acoustic reflectors imaged in the Alboran Sea thermocline shows that this transition is likely caused by shear instabilities. In particular, we show that the averaged horizontal wave number spectra of the reflectors vertical displacements display three subranges that reproduce theoretical spectral slopes of internal waves (λx > 100 m), Kelvin‐Helmholtz‐type shear instabilities (100 m > λx > 33 m), and turbulence (λx < 33 m), indicating that the whole chain of events is occurring continuously and simultaneously in the surveyed area.
The impact of cognitive conflict on team performance

The results of research on diversity in teams suggest that it offers both a great opportunity for organisations as well as an enormous challenge. However, current research is plagued by a lack of overall consistency, indicating that the relationship between diversity and team performance is not well understood. This study examines the components of cognitive conflict in order to assess whether construct operationalisation may explain this inconsistency. Analysis of the existing operationalisations of cognitive conflict reveals that it incorporates both disagreement about information and reasoning, and debate of rival hypotheses or recommendations. We propose that functional diversity leads to cognitive disagreement but not debate, and that debate enhances knowledge creation, with which cognitive disagreement shows no relationship. Our results support these hypotheses, which provide a powerful explanation for the contrary results found by researchers investigating cognitive conflict. Given that extant measures of cognitive conflict include scale items which measure both debate and cognitive disagreement, cognitive conflict may be viewed as an aggregate measure of these two distinct constructs. This study contributes to research on diversity and conflict by providing an explanation for contrary results, and by providing and a detailed operationalisation of cognitive conflict and its component constructs. It also contributes to research into creativity and innovation by providing insight into the dynamics underpinning knowledge sharing and creation.
The Determinants of Capital Structure: Some Evidence from Banks

This paper documents that standard cross-sectional determinants of firm leverage also apply to the capital structure of large banks in the United States and Europe. We find a remarkable consistency in sign, significance and economic magnitude. Like non-financial firms, banks appear to have stable capital structures at levels that are specific to each individual bank. The results suggest that capital requirements may only be of second-order importance for banks? capital structures and confirm the robustness of current corporate finance findings in a holdout sample of banks.
Feeding dragons in Komodo National Park: a tourism tool with conservation complications

Large carnivores are key visitor attractions in protected areas, but are difficult to see. Thus, supplementary feeding is sometimes used to attract them to viewing sites. Such intervention is contentious but its effects have rarely been examined. This paper analyses a case study of supplementary feeding in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Using data from daily and annual Komodo dragon censuses, feeding records and financial accounts, the effects of feeding and its cessation on dragon numbers, tourist viewing opportunities and local community benefits were examined. Regular feeding caused dragon numbers to increase at the feeding site, but not year‐round. Cessation of feeding caused numbers to decline again to natural levels. However, tourists were less likely to see dragons at the feeding site after cessation, and local community revenues declined with the loss of a market for goats. Solutions lie in finding less intrusive means for tourists to view dragons, and enabling local people to become involved in tourism through training, recruitment and the development of alternative markets.
Evolution of the glacial landscape of the Southern Alps of New Zealand: Insights from a glacial erosion model

[1] A new version of a landscape evolution model that includes the evolution of an ice cap at a 103 to 105 year timescale and its associated erosion patterns is presented and applied to the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Modeling of the ice cap evolution is performed on a higher-resolution grid (i.e., ∼100 m) than previously (Braun et al., 1998). It predicts which parts of the landscape are, and have been, affected by glacial erosion. The model results highlight the complexity of the erosion patterns induced by ice caps and glaciers. Glacial erosion in a tectonically active area is, as suggested by the model, not uniform across the mountain range. Furthermore, high rock uplift rates, heavy precipitation, and climatic oscillations constantly interact. The feedback mechanisms are such that they render the landform very dynamic and transient. However, under conditions of reduced rock uplift rate and precipitation, the landform becomes more stable at the timescale of the glacial cycle. Finally, the modeling results favor a tectonic model in the Southern Alps in which the maximum rock uplift is offset from the Alpine Fault.
An Empirical Study of the Consequences of U.S. Tax Rules for International Acquisitions by U.S. Firms

This article examines the effect of tax factors on the equity values of U.S. multinational corporations making foreign acquisitions. Abnormal stock returns are found to be related to a tax variable that captures differences in the international tax status of acquiring firms but not related to a naive tax variable that captures differences between tax rates in target countries and the United States. The authors' evidence suggests that aggregate intercountry differentials in after-tax returns are competed away, while firm-specific, tax-related advantages (or disadvantages) are reflected in abnormal returns around the announcement date of the acquisition. Copyright 1994 by American Finance Association.
Incidence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors among export-oriented cattle feedlots at Adama District, Central Ethiopia

A study on incidence of lumpy skin disease (LSD) was conducted at 20 exports-oriented cattle feedlots found in Adama district in Central Ethiopia between June and December, 2011. The 11,189 bulls in the 20 exports-oriented feedlots were clinically examined and evaluated for LSD, its incidence, mortality and morbidity. The overall incidence and mortality rate of LSD in cattle feedlots was 6.1 and 1.8% respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed among sites of feedlots operations in incidence ( χ 2 = 251.4, df = 5, p < 0.05) and mortality rate ( χ 2 = 167.9, df = 5, p < 0.05). The overall case fatality of the disease was 30% with significant difference among all feedlot operation sites ( χ 2 = 326.7, df = 5, p < 0.05). Majority of the affected population was observed with variable degree of lameness that was accompanied with edema of limbs with the progression of the disease. The nodules became necrotic, and eventually a deep scab formed (sit-fast). The results of this study indicated that the complex epidemiological situation of the disease in Ethiopia needs more detailed investigation if improved vaccine-based control is to be achieved effectively and efficiently.
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant factors in oregano and rosemary gourmet olive oils

The study was carried out to examine the presence of antioxidants and pro-oxidants in oregano and rosemary gourmet oils. Dry, ground plant material (5% w/w) was infused to olive oil for 24, 48 and 72 hours and then it was removed by filtration. All preparations were found acceptable using a panel test. The total polar phenol content increased 3.5 and 1.7 times in oregano and rosemary gourmet oils with respect to that of the control sample. A qualitative enrichment of the methanol:water fraction of olive oil with phenolic compounds from herbs were found using HPLC. No rosmarinic acid was detected in the gourmet oils. Vanillic acid was only found in the rosemary gourmet oil. The presence of flavonoids was assessed using TLC. a-Tocopherol content of the oil matrix was not changed after herb infusion. A significant increase was found in pheophytin, a,b-carotene and lutein content of oregano flavoured oils. The oxidative stability of gourmet oils was greater to that of the control using the Rancimat test. In photo-oxidation, oregano flavoured oil was less stable than the rosemary one. Total chlorophyll content may be a critical factor for the shelf life of these preparations. Suitable labelling suggesting avoidance of light may be useful for a safe domestic use.
Do geeks dream of electric sheep? An investigation of ‘Geeks’ and their tendency to anthropomorphism

The aim of this study was to fill the knowledge gap which was found concerning the individual differences between people in their tendency to anthropomorphize, with information about individuals tending to ‘geekism’. Based on the literature about ‘geekism’ and anthropomorphism the main-hypothesis stated that individuals, who tend to ‘geekism’ would tend to anthropomorphize robots less. In order to test the main-hypothesis, two explanatory paths were selected with one focusing on the ‘geeks’ and characteristics that were found or assumed to be descriptive of these individuals and the other focusing on reasons why these individuals should anthropomorphize less, based on the theory of Epley et al. (2007). Through gathering the scores of 60 participants on different questionnaires, the ‘Humanness index’ of the ‘Perceived Humanness Scale’ and analyzing the scores by means of linear mixed effects model analyses and correlational analyses, the hypotheses were tested. Based on the results we are not able to conclude that ‘geeks’ do tend to anthropomorphize robots less. With regard to the literature and the theories about anthropomorphism, only tentative conclusions can be made about the trueness based on the results of this study and future research is needed firstly to eliminate the limitations and secondly to draw conclusions about the literature with certainty and thirdly to be able to fill the knowledge gap concerning individual differences with information about the so-called ‘geeks’.
Improved stellar parameters of CoRoT-7 A star hosting two super Earths

Context. Accurate parameters of the host stars of exoplanets are needed for interpreting the new planetary systems. The CoRoT satellite recently discovered a transiting rocky planet with a density similar to the inner planets in our solar system, a so-called super Earth. The mass was determined using ground-based follow-up spectroscopy, which also revealed a second, non-transiting super Earth. Aims. These planets are orbiting a relatively faint (m(V) = 11.7) G9V star called CoRoT-7. We wish to refine the determination of the physical properties of the host star, which are important for the interpretation of the properties of the planetary system. Methods. We used high-quality spectra from HARPS at the ESO3.6 m and UVES at the VLT 8.2 m. We used various methods to analyse the spectra using 1D LTE atmospheric models. From the analysis of Fe I and Fe II lines we determined the effective temperature, surface gravity and microturbulence. We used the Balmer lines to constrain the effective temperature and pressure-sensitive Mg 1b and Ca lines to constrain the surface gravity. We analysed both single spectra and co-add spectra to identify systematic errors. We determine the projected rotational velocity and macroturbulence by fitting the line shapes of isolated lines. We finally determined an approximate absolute magnitude from the Wilson-Bappu effect. Results. From the analysis of the three best spectra, we find T(eff) = 5250 +/- 60 K, log g = 4.47 +/- 0.05, [M/H] = +0.12 +/- 0.06, and v sin i = 1.1(0.5)(+1.0) km s(-1). The chemical composition of 20 analysed elements is consistent with uniform scaling by the metallicity +0.12 dex. From the analysis of spectra of stars with well-known parameters with similar parameters to CoRoT-7 (the Sun and alpha Cen B) we demonstrate that our methods are robust within the claimed uncertainties. We compared the L/M ratio with isochrones to constrain the evolutionary status. Using the age estimate of 1.2-2.3 Gyr based on stellar activity, we determine the mass and radius 0.91 +/- 0.03 M(circle dot) and 0.82 +/- 0.04 R(circle plus). With these updated constraints we fitted the CoRoT transit light curve for CoRoT-7b. The revised planet radius is slightly smaller, R = 1.58 +/- 0.10 R(circle plus), and the density becomes slightly higher, rho = 7.2 +/- 1.8 g cm(-3).
Molecular phylogeny of Bromelioideae and its implications on biogeography and the evolution of CAM in the family

Phylogenetic analysis of Bromeliaceae with focus on subfamily Bromelioideae was performed based on matK, trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequence data. A total of 40 genera and 81 species of Bromeliaceae was studied, the majority of them (29 genera/ 58 species) belonging to subfamily Bromelioideae. Brocchinia and Hechtia species were used as outgroup in the analyses. Representatives of the genus Puya are sister to the Bromelioideae, the latter being monophyletic. Among Bromelioideae, Greigia is putative sister to the remainder of the subfamily. The latter displays an unresolved trichotomy with branches formed by (a) Bromelia, (b) Ochagavia, Fascicularia and Deinacanthon, and (c) the remaining Bromelioideae. The evolution and distribution of Bromelioideae is discussed in the light of geographical distribution and occurrence of C3 photosynthesis and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). Our data indicate that early Bromelioideae had an Andean distribution, and were terrestrials with C3 photosynthesis, lacking water-impounding phytotelmata. The genus Greigia forms a basal clade among the subfamily. Molecular data support the hypothesis that colonisation of the Atlantic Forest of southeastern South America by early representatives of Bromelioideae originated from the southern Andes. The poorly resolved “core Bromelioideae” are divided into two weakly supported clades, one comprising species restricted to southeastern Brazil, the other species of different distribution types.
Wilt of guava-a disease of national importance

Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is an important fruit crop of subtropical countries. In India, it is grown almost in all the states. Bihar has the largest area (24.7 thousand ha.) under guava cultivation followed by Uttar Pradesh (18.5 thousand ha.) and Maharastra (14.8 thousand ha.). The per ha productivity is the highest in Madhya Pradesh. (20t/ha) compared to very low in Uttar Pradesh (7.3t/ha). It is a hardy crop and is cultivated successfully even in neglected soils and is attacked by a large number of pathogens, mainly fungi. About 177 pathogens (167 fungi, 3 bacteria, 3 algae, 3 nematodes and one epiphyte) are reported on various parts of the crop, including fruits, causing various diseases. Wilt is the most destructive. In India losses due to this disease are substantial. The disease is soil-borne and is difficult to control.
AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE CONSUMPTION BY OTTERS ( LUTRA LUTRA ) IN A COASTAL AREA IN SOUTHERN IBERIAN PENINSULA

Through the analysis of 1518 otter spraints we determined the importance of amphibians and reptiles in otter diet and the seasonal patterns of consumption of the different species in a heterogeneous coastal environment in southern Spain. Otters fed on a minimum of six amphibian and three reptile species. Amphibians were present in 13.2% and reptiles in 3.9% of the spraints analysed. Remains of amphibians and reptiles were significantly associated in otter spraints, but negatively associated with crayfish occurrences. Maximum reptile consumption occurred during the summer. Though terrapins have been rarely cited as otter prey, they were consumed more than twice as frequently as water snakes in the study area. The highest frequency of amphibians in the otter diet was recorded in late winter-spring surveys, coinciding with the spawning periods of most species. However, the frequency of amphibians remained high during summer months due to predation on the Iberian green frog (Rana perezi), a very aquatic frog that was almost the only amphibian species consumed in this season.
Direct Axillary Shoot Regeneration From The Mature Seed Explant Of The Hairy Vetch (Vicia Villosa Roth)

The h airy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a climbing, prostrate or trailing legume grown as forage.It fixes at- mospheric nitrogen, reduces soil erosion and provides an instant mulch. Multiple axillary shoot regeneration from a mature seed explant (zygotic embryo with two cotyledons) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.05 - 1.6 mg/l TDZ with or without 0.10 mg/l IBA. The f requency (%) of shoot regeneration ranged from 45.83-75.00% with a maximum num- ber of 28.6 shoots per explant on MS medium containing 0.20 mg/l TDZ-0.10 mg/l IBA. The mean shoot length decreased proportionately with each increase in TDZ concentration irrespective of the IBA concentration in the culture medium. However, comparing the two types of regeneration media, longer shoots were recorded in the presence of IBA in the cul- ture medium. Regenerated shoots were pulse treated with 50 mg/l IBA for 5, 10 and 20 min for rooting.