Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective Burden on Family Carers of Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is an important objective burden (task) on patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and the caregiver has a subjective burden which contributes to lifestyle changes, which result in depression, anxiety declining physical health, social isolation and financial strain. Aim: To evaluate the subjective burden on family caregiver who cares patient on maintenance hemodialysis therapy. Methods: Fifty main family caregivers for each patient on HD and the instrument were used by Caregiver Burden Interview (CBI) completed by caregiver as a major of subjective response to care giving. Results: The present study findings demonstrated that main age of caregiver was 40 (11.0) years, two thirds of females, and they were mostly married (78.0%) with children. The total family caregiver burden reported was 43.3 (21.7), role strain 50.0 (25.4) and the personal strain 39.5 (19.7). The total caregivers’ burden significantly positively correlated with the patients’ age (r = 0.461) and negatively correlated with patients’ level of education (r = ? 0.290). Moreover the role strain, personal strain and total caregiver burden scores were statistically and significantly negatively correlated with their age (r = ? 0.444) and level of education (r = ? 0.416) and the total burden scores were ranked as moderately to severely burdened all family caregivers. Conclusion: Caregivers’ appraisal, coping strategies, interpersonal relationship issues, and social support would need to be considered for caregivers of patients maintained on HD.
The scaling of embedded collisionless reconnection

The scaling of the reconnection rate is examined in situations in which the equilibrium current supporting a reversed magnetic field has a spatial scale length that is much greater than all nonmagnetohydrodynamic (non-MHD) kinetic scales. In this case, denoted as embedded reconnection, the narrow non-MHD region around the x-line where dissipation is important is embedded inside of a much larger equilibrium current sheet. In this system, the magnetic field just upstream of this non-MHD region, Bd, changes significantly during the reconnection process. This wide equilibrium current sheet is contrasted with the very thin equilibrium current sheets of width c/ωpi used in previous simulations to establish the importance of the Hall term in Ohm’s law in allowing fast reconnection in large scale collisionless systems. In the present study we lay out a procedure for determining Bd directly from simulation data and use this value to renormalize the reconnection rate using Sweet–Parker-like scaling arguments. Using.
The impacts of different management strategies and environmental forcing in ecological communities

Understanding the effects of population management on the community a target species belongs to is of key importance for successful management. It is known that the removal or extinction of a single species in a community may lead to extinctions of other community members. In our study, we assess the impacts of population management on competitive communities, studying the response of both locally stable and unstable communities of varying size (between four and 10 species) to three different management strategies; harvesting of a target species, harvesting with non-targeted catch, and stocking of the target species. We also studied the consequences of selecting target species with different relative abundances, as well as the effects of varying environmental conditions. We show here how the effects of management in competitive communities extend far beyond the target population. A crucial role is played by the underlying stability properties of the community under management. In general, locally unstable communities are more vulnerable to perturbation through management. Furthermore, the community response is shown to be sensitive to the relative density of the target species. Of considerable interest is the result that even a small (2.5%) increase in the population size of the target species through stocking may lead to extinction of other community members. These results emphasize the importance of considering and understanding multi-species interactions in population management.
Food Dyes are Inhibitors of Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTP1B) Molecular Docking Studies

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in down-regulating insulin signaling through dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Inhibitors of PTP1B showed increased insulin sensitivity and normalize plasma glucose level and thus are use full therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the current study is to identify PTP1B inhibitors by means of virtual screening with docking. Six food dyes molecules have been screened and based on energy MolDok scores and hydrogen bonding interactions. L5, L1 potential inhibitors were identified in cavity1 and 2 respectively.
‘This constant being woken up is the worst thing’ – experiences of sleep in fibromyalgia syndrome

Purpose. Sleep disturbance affects a high proportion of people with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). This study aims to explore people's perceptions of their sleep quality and the influence sleep has on their symptoms and daily lives. Method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen participants diagnosed with primary FMS, covering all aspects of the sleep experience. The audio recorded qualitative interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results. Poor sleep dominated participants' lives, affecting levels of pain and fatigue, engagement in daily activities and ability to cope. Participants reported experiencing blocks of sleep, with the most profound difficulty for participants being able to go back to sleep after a night time awakening. They also felt a lack of control in their ability to manage their sleep difficulties and use of day-time napping appeared to be the only perceived beneficial coping strategy for relieving daytime sleepiness and symptoms of fatigue. Conclusions. Greater emphasis on screening for sleep disorders and how to manage poor sleep is needed in rehabilitation programmes provided for patients with FMS.
In vivo mutagenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene instilled into the lung of gpt delta transgenic mice

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a ubiquitous airborne pollutant whose mutagenicity has been evaluated previously by oral and intraperitoneal administration to experimental animals. In this study, mutagenesis in the lungs, the target organ of air pollutants, was examined after a single intratracheal instillation of 0–2 mg B[a]P into gpt delta transgenic mice. Intratracheal injection of B[a]P resulted in a statistically significant and dose‐dependent increase in gpt mutant frequency as measured by 6‐thioguanine selection. The mutant frequencies at B[a]P doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg were 2.8, 4.2, and 6.8 times higher than the frequency seen in nontreated mice (0.60 ± 0.13 × 10−5). The most frequent mutations induced by B[a]P treatment were G:C→T:A transversions, which are characteristic of B[a]P mutagenesis in other models, and single‐base deletions of G:C base pairs. To characterize the hotspots of B[a]P‐induced mutations in the gpt gene, we analyzed sequences adjacent to the mutated G:C base pairs. Guanine bases centered in the nucleotide sequences CGT, CGA, and CGG were the most frequent targets of B[a]P. Our results indicate that intratracheal instillation of B[a]P into gpt delta mice causes a dose‐dependent increase in gpt mutant frequency in the lung, and that the predominant mutation induced is G:C→T:A transversion. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Relationship Between Pre-Employment Expectations, Experiences, and Length of Stay in Public Accounting

This study examines the relationship between work-family conflict, employment expectations, and length of stay in public accounting. Length of stay is modeled as a function of demographic factors and job characteristics associated with work-family balance, measured in terms of the extent to which the employees' expectations matched their actual employment experiences. Results indicated that gender, the presence of children in the household, flexible schedules, and the presence of mentors were related to length of stay in public accounting.
Cross-Layer Design of Enhanced AMC with Truncated ARQ Protocols

Using a cross-layer approach, two enhancement techniques applied for adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) with truncated automatic repeat request (T-ARQ) are investigated, namely, aggressive AMC (A-AMC) and constellation rearrangement (CoRe). Aggressive AMC selects the appropriate modulation and coding schemes (MCS) to achieve higher spectral efficiency, profiting from the feasibility of using different MCSs for retransmitting a packet, whereas in the CoRe-based AMC, retransmissions of the same data packet are performed using different mappings so as to provide different degrees of protection to the bits involved, thus achieving mapping diversity gain. The performance of both schemes is evaluated in terms of average spectral efficiency and average packet loss rate, which are derived in closed-form considering transmission over Nakagami-m fading channels. Numerical results and comparisons are provided. In particular, it is shown that A-AMC combined with T-ARQ yields higher spectral efficiency than the AMC-based conventional scheme while keeping the achieved packet loss rate closer to the system's requirement, and that it can achieve larger spectral efficiency objectives than that of the scheme using AMC along with CoRe.
Perioperative Management of the Obese Orthopaedic Patient

Abstract With nearly a third of American adults considered be obese, it is increasingly important that orthopaedic surgeons be familiar with management issues pertinent to these patients. Preoperative examination must assess cardiopulmonary status and other comorbid conditions, most notably diabetes. Intraoperative considerations include requirements for special equipment, patient positioning, intravenous line placement, central monitoring lines, and anesthesia specific to the physiologic changes in obese patients. Postoperatively, obese patients have higher rates of deep vein thrombosis and wound sepsis than do nonobese patients, and they may differ from other patients in supplemental oxygen requirements, medication dosing, and outcomes in intensive care units. Obese patients can successfully undergo virtually all orthopaedic procedures; however, the procedures are frequently more technically challenging, and obese patients appear to have higher rates of prosthetic failure, infection, hardware failure, and fracture malunion, although many of these complications can be minimized by appropriate countermeasures.
The anti-angiogenic herbal extracts Ob-X from Morus alba, Melissa officinalis, and Artemisia capillaris suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Context: Growing adipose tissue is thought to require adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Close examination of developing adipose tissue microvasculature reveals that angiogenesis often precedes adipogenesis. Since our previous study demonstrated that Ob-X, the anti-angiogenic herbal composition composed of Melissa officinalis L. (Labiatae), Morus alba L. (Moraceae), and Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Compositae), reduced adipose tissue mass in obese mice, we hypothesized that adipogenesis can be inhibited by Ob-X. Objective: To investigate the effects of the anti-angiogenic herbal extracts Ob-X on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Materials and methods: After differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with Ob-X, we studied the effects of Ob-X on triglyceride accumulation and expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and ECM remodeling. Results: Treatment of cells with Ob-X inhibited lipid accumulation and adipocyte-specific gene expression caused by troglitazone or monocyte differentiation-inducing (MDI) mix. Ob-X reduced mRNA levels of angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor-A, -B, -C, -D, and fibroblast growth factor-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; MMP-2 and MMP-9), whereas it increased mRNA levels of angiogenic inhibitors [(thrombospondin-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2)] in differentiated cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were also decreased in Ob-X-treated cells. Discussion and conclusion: These results suggest that the anti-angiogenic herbal composition Ob-X inhibits differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. These events may be mediated by changes in the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, angiogenesis, and the MMP system. Thus, by reducing adipogenesis, anti-angiogenic Ob-X provides a possible therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of human obesity and its related disorders.
Content and Distribution of Trace Elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fly Ash from a Coal-Fired CHP Plant

The levels of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fly ash generated by coal combustion have received considerable attention in recent years, due to their potential environmental impact. Sixteen high priority PAHs and 14 trace elements in coal fly ash were measured. The particle sizes of fly ash showed a bimodal distribution, and most ash particles were within a range of 20–25 µm in diameter. The fly ash exhibited high contents of CaO and SO3, which was influenced by the desulfidation treatment of limestone. The Be, Cu, Ni, V, Se, Mo and Cd contents increased significantly with decreasing particle sizes of fly ash, while those of Zn and Pb showed no obvious trends. PAHs with three- and four-rings were the dominate species in all the fly ash. The amount low molecular weight PAHs with two-, three- and four- rings was inversely correlated with the particle sizes of the fly ash.
Tumor endothelial cells have features of adult stem cells

We recently reported that prostate tumor-specific endothelial cells had features of mesenchymal stem cells and could trans-differentiate to form cartilage and bone-like tissues. Plasticity in the tumor vasculature may be related to well-known tumor blood vessel abnormalities and could underlie an intrinsic adaptive mechanism in tumor endothelial cells for circumventing anti-angiogenic strategies.
Impact of Pain Reported During Isometric Quadriceps Muscle Strength Testing in People With Knee Pain: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Background Muscle force testing is one of the more common categories of diagnostic tests used in clinical practice. Clinicians have little evidence to guide interpretations of muscle force tests when pain is elicited during testing. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of isometric quadriceps muscle strength tests by determining whether the relationship between maximal isometric quadriceps muscle strength and functional status was influenced by pain during isometric testing. Design A cross-sectional design was used. Methods Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were used to identify 1,344 people with unilateral knee pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale scores of 1 or higher on the involved side. Measurements of maximal isometric quadriceps strength and ratings of pain during isometric testing were collected. Outcome variables were WOMAC physical function subscale, 20-m walk test, 400-m walk test, and a repeated chair stand test. Multiple regression models were used to determine whether pain during testing modified or confounded the relationship between strength and functional status. Results Pearson r correlations among the isometric quadriceps strength measures and the 4 outcome measures ranged from −. 36 (95% confidence interval=−.41, −.31) for repeated chair stands to . 36 (95% confidence interval=.31, .41) for the 20-m walk test. In the final analyses, neither effect modification nor confounding was found for the repeated chair stand test, the 20-m walk test, the 400-m walk test, or the WOMAC physical function subscale. Moderate or severe pain during testing was weakly associated with reduced strength, but mild pain was not. Limitations The disease spectrum was skewed toward mild or moderate symptoms, and the pain measurement scale used during muscle force testing was not ideal. Conclusions Given that the spectrum of the sample was skewed toward mild or moderate symptoms and disease, the data suggest that isometric quadriceps muscle strength tests maintain their relationship with self-report or performance-based disability measures even when pain is elicited during testing.
Enforced expression of Hoxa5 in haematopoietic stem cells leads to aberrant erythropoiesis in vivo

Hoxa5 is preferentially expressed in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs), and is more highly expressed in expanding HSCs. To date, little is known regarding the role of Hoxa5 in HSCs and downstream progenitor cells in vivo. In this study, we show that increased expression of Hoxa5 in haematopoietic stem cells leads to aberrant erythropoiesis in vivo. Hoxa5 differentially modifies the cell cycle of HSCs and lineage committed progenitor cells, depending on the cellular context. Hoxa5 drives HSCs, but not MPPs, through the cell cycle and arrests erythroid progenitor cells in G0 phase. Although the HSC pool shrinks after overexpression of Hoxa5, HSCs sustain the abilities of self-renewal and multipotency. In vivo, Hoxa5 has two effects on erythropoiesis: it causes a predominance of mature erythroid lineage cells and the partial apoptosis of erythroid progenitors. RNA-seq indicates that multiple biological processes, including erythrocyte homeostasis, cell metabolism, and apoptosis, are modified by Hoxa5. The results of this study indicate that Hoxa5 is a key regulator of the HSC cell cycle, and the inappropriate expression of Hoxa5 in lineage-committed progenitor cells leads to aberrant erythropoiesis.
Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase in rat liver and plasma at the onset of reperfusion after ischemia

The aim of this study was to test whether conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase as induced by fasting, ischemia of the liver or both is an in vivo process or only occurs in vitro in homogenates. For this purpose, the conversion rate of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase was studied in liver homogenates obtained from rats after normal feeding or 24 hr of fasting followed or not by 2 hr of ischemia of the liver. In fed rats, the conversion rate of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase was studied as well in liver homogenates after different periods of reperfusion after 2 hr of ischemia. Homogenization was carried out under strictly controlled conditions, after which the supernatants were incubated at 37° C in buffer for 0 to 5 hr. Enzyme activities were assayed spectrophotometrically by measuring urate production at 295 nm. Conversion started only after 2 to 3 hr of incubation of supernatants of control fed livers, whereas conversion started immediately after 24 hr of fasting. The percentage oxidase activity of total xanthine oxidoreductase activity in ischemic livers from fed animals was slightly higher (26.7% ± 1.7%; p<0.05) than in control livers (19.3% ± 1.4%), whereas the percent oxidase activity in ischemic livers from fasted animals (16.7% ± 1.0%) was not different from that in control animals (16.8% ± 1.1%). Ischemia for 2 hr caused in vitro a substantial increase in the conversion rate in supernatants of livers of fed and fasted rats as compared with their controls. Furthermore, the appearance of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase in the blood during reperfusion up to 60 min after 2 hr ischemia of the liver was studied. The enzyme started to appear in the blood after 5 min of reperfusion, predominantly as xanthine dehydrogenase. Very rapid conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase was observed in the plasma. We conclude that fasting and 2‐hr in vivo ischemia of rat liver can affect the conversion rate of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase during homogenization but not in vivo. Therefore initial tissue injury due to in vivo ischemia and reperfusion in liver is not caused by conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase. It cannot be ruled out that, after leakage of the enzyme to the circulation, additional damage is induced. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1488–1495.)
Detecting Latent User Properties in Social Media

The ability to identify user attributes such as gender, age, regional origin, and political orientation solely from user language in social media such as Twitter or similar highly informal content has important applications in advertising, personalization, and recommendation. This paper includes a novel investigation of stacked-SVM-based classiﬁcation algorithms over a rich set of original features, applied to classifying these four user attributes. We propose new sociolinguistics-based features for classifying user attributes in Twitter-style informal written gen-res, as distinct from the other primarily spoken genres previously studied in the user-property classiﬁcation literature. Our models, singly and in ensemble, significantly outperform baseline models in all cases.
[Treatment of Crohn's disease with anti-TNF alpha antibodies (infliximab): results of a multicentric and retrospective study].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of infliximab therapy, an anti-TNF-alpha antibody, in patients with severe and refractory Crohn's disease or with fistulas, treated outside the setting of a therapeutic trial. METHODS All Crohn's disease patients treated at the Departments of Gastroenterology of the University Hospitals of Bordeaux, Nantes, Poitiers, Rennes and Tours were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were treated with a total of 170 infusions of infliximab, 32 patients being treated for refractory Crohn's disease and 37 for fistulas. The median follow-up was 8 months (extremes 1-20). An objective response was observed in 79% of refractory Crohn's disease patients and 78% of fistulazing patients. A remission was observed in 72% and 70% of the patients respectively. Forty-five percent of patients had relapsed within 4 months (extremes 2-7). Immunosuppressive therapy was associated with a lower relapse rate (18% with versus 56% without, P=0.004). Infliximab resulted in a steroid-sparing effect in 73% of patients. Forty adverse events, none of severe grade, were observed in 22% of the patients, without any influence of steroids or immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSION This study confirms that infliximab is very effective in steroid-dependent and fistulazing Crohn's disease. Infliximab has a steroid-sparing effect and immunosuppressive therapy is associated with a reduced relapse rate. Although the tolerance is good in the short term, long term safety remains to be established by further studies.
Yeast Cell Cycle Analysis: Combining DNA Staining with Cell and Nuclear Morphology

In studies of eukaryotic cell cycle regulation, the budding yeast Saccharoymyces cerevisiae offers many advantages as a model system. Due to its simple growth requirements and genetic tractability, this organism is a powerful tool for investigating the molecular regulation of cell cycle control. One earlier disadvantage to performing cell cycle analyses in yeast was that existing methods were restricted to either visual analysis or flow cytometry, both of which present limitations in the scope and accuracy of the data obtained. This unit demonstrates the combined use of DNA content measurements and bright‐field image analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry (MIFC) to provide a more precise quantitation of yeast cell cycle distribution. The advantage of this method is the ability to analyze large numbers of cells using multiple cell cycle indicators in a relatively short amount of time. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 52:9.32. 1‐9.32. 16. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.