Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Positive and Negative Emotional Experiences in Young Adults With Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms.

OBJECTIVES Some researchers suggest that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by elevated negative emotion; others argue that BPD involves both reduced positive and increased negative emotion. This study characterizes the emotional experiences of individuals with BPD symptoms in a combined university and community sample. METHOD Participants (N = 150) completed a clinical interview assessing BPD symptoms and self-report measures of positive and negative emotion. A subset (n = 106) completed a measure of emotion daily for 2 weeks. Pearson's correlations and multilevel modeling were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between BPD symptoms and emotions. RESULTS BPD symptoms were robustly related to increased negative emotion; this relationship remained after accounting for positive emotion. BPD symptoms were weakly related to decreased positive emotion; this relationship was no longer significant after accounting for negative emotion. BPD symptoms predicted higher levels of negative and not positive emotion over 14 days. These patterns held for subscales assessing intensity, frequency, and duration of negative and positive emotions. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that individuals with BPD features are chiefly distinguished by elevated negative emotional experience.
ABNORMAL HYPERCARBIC AND HYPOXIC SLEEP AROUSAL RESPONSES IN NEAR-MISS SIDS INFANTS

Summary: Arousal responses (AR) to hypercarbia and to hypoxia were ascertained in 25 N-M SIDS infants and 21 control infants in whom ventilatory responses to hypercarbia and hypoxia were also measured. Although the frequency of a positive AR to hypercarbia was not significantly less in the N-M SIDS compared to control group, the overall pattern was a generally absent AR in the lowest hypercarbic ventilatory response slope group progressing to a generally positive AR in the highest hypercarbic response slope group. Among the 25 infants having a positive hypercarbic AR, the Mean (± SEM) PACO2 at which arousal occurred was 48.5 ± 1.6 in N-M SIDS versus 42 ± 1.2 mmHg in control infants (p < .001). The overall pattern for hypoxic AR was also a generally absent AR in the lowest hypoxic ventilatory response slope group progressing to a generally positive AR in the highest response slope group. Although the PAO2 level at which an AR occurred did not differ in the two groups, a positive hypoxic AR occurred in 76% of the control versus only 29% of the N-M SIDS group (p < .01). In summary, infants with a clinical N-M SIDS history and diminished ventilatory response slopes have as a group a concomitant abnormality in hypercarbic and/or hypoxic arousal.Speculation: A deficient arousal response to hypercarbia and/or hypoxia may be a fundamental respiratory control abnormality in N-M SIDS infants and may contribute to an inability to respond appropriately to sleep-related asphyxia.
TRANSPLANTATION IN MINIATURE SWINE: I. Fixation of the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Three strains of miniature swine, each homozygous for a different allele of the major histocompatibility locus (MHC), have been developed by a selective breeding scheme based on tissue typing of the offspring of each generation. Prior to breeding, the original parents were reciprocally immunized by skin grafts and lymphocyte injections to produce lymphocytotoxic antisera. These antisera were then used to assess the MHC genotype of the offspring by an analysis based on selective absorption of cytotoxicity. Offspring inheriting the same serologically determined genotype were then bred sequentially. Subsequent mixed lymphocyte cultures showed a pattern of reactivity consistent with the serological genotyping, further confirming the homology between the MHC of these miniature swine and those of man and mouse. In addition to their usefulness as a model for large animal surgical transplantation, these animals provide an abundant homozygous source of histocompatibility antigens and of antihistocompatibility antisera for use in chemical characterization of products of the MHC.
Urinary schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, and the factors influencing its transmission

The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among the schoolchildren living in Kigogo administrative ward of the Kinondoni district of Dar-es-Salaam city, Tanzania, and the factors influencing the transmission of the causative agent, Schistosoma haematobium, were investigated in a cross-sectional study. The estimate of overall prevalence, based on microscopical examination of a single urine sample/subject, was 47.6%. Compared with the girls, the boys were more likely to be excreting schistosome eggs (54.6% v. 40.8%; P=0.004) and had, in general, higher intensities of infection (54 v. 38 eggs/10 ml urine; P=0.001). The children aged 10–14 years had higher prevalences and intensities of infection than those in the younger or older age-group studied. The sensitivity of micro-haematuria as an indicator of infection (compared with the microscopical examination of single urine samples) was 84.3% overall, reaching 92% among the children excreting ≥50 eggs/10 ml urine. The corresponding positive and negative predictive values were 77% and 84%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the history of haematuria as an indirect screening technique for S. haematobium were 60.4%, 72.7%, 67% and 67%, respectively. Recreational activities such as bathing, swimming and playing in the water were the most frequent activities attracting children to water bodies and carried the highest risks of infection with S. haematobium. Knowledge about the disease, especially on the symptoms and mode of transmission, was generally good but the methods of prevention were inadequately known. Chemotherapy to control urinary schistosomiasis in schoolchildren is recommended; infected children may be identified on the basis of haematuria, detected using questionnaires or reagent strips. Additional health education, to heighten awareness of the disease and its prevention, would also be beneficial.
The use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs by young Aboriginal people in Albany, Western Australia

Abstract: This paper describes patterns of tobacco, alcohol and other drug use among Aboriginal people aged 8 to 17 years in the town of Albany, Western Australia. Of a total of 110 young Aboriginal people residing in the town at the time of the study, 105 were interviewed by two trained Aboriginal research assistants using interview schedules that included questions based on the national guidelines for the comparability of studies of drug use among young people. The most commonly used drugs were tobacco, alcohol and cannabis. Use of other substances was usually experimental. The majority (57 per cent) of this population had not used any drugs, 13 per cent made some use of alcohol and/or tobacco, 15 per cent were polydrug users, and 15 per cent were frequent poly–drug users. Use of drugs increased with age: 48 per cent of those aged 15 to 17 were frequent polydrug users. Tobacco consumption was greater and alcohol use less than that reported among Western Australian secondary school children of comparable age.
Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of Aripiprazole following Multiple Oral Dosing in Normal Healthy Volunteers

Two 14‐day, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind studies evaluated the fasting pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole, a new antipsychotic, in healthy male subjects. In Study 1, 37 subjects were randomized to aripiprazole 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, or placebo once daily. In Study 2, 11 subjects were randomized to aripiprazole, titrated from 10 to 30 mg/day, or placebo. Aripiprazole had linear pharmacokinetics over 5 to 30 mg/day, which were described by a two‐compartment open model, with first‐order absorption. In Study 1, mean elimination half‐life ranged from 47 to 68 hours with aripiprazole, with apparent systemic clearance (CL/F) of approximately 3.45 L/h. In Study 2, mean elimination half‐life was 59 hours (CL/F approximately 4.0 L/h). Adverse events were generally mild to moderate, were transient in nature, and commonly occurred within the first 3 days of dosing. Clinical laboratory assessments, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, and prolactin levels showed no clinically significant changes during the studies.
Constitutive Production of Catalytic Antibodies to a Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factor and Effect of Infection*

Background: We examined the role of catalytic antibodies in immune defense against Staphylococcus aureus. Results: IgG from non-infected humans and mice hydrolyzed the S. aureus extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb), and the activity was reduced following infection. Conclusion: Constitutive but not adaptive production of catalytic antibodies suggests that Efb expresses B-lymphocyte superantigenic character. Significance: Efb superantigenic character may be a factor in S. aureus pathogenesis. Antibodies that recognize microbial B lymphocyte superantigenic epitopes are produced constitutively with no requirement for adaptive immune maturation. We report cleavage of the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) by catalytic antibodies produced with no exposure to the bacterium and reduction of the catalytic antibody activity following infection. IgG catalytic antibodies that specifically hydrolyzed Efb via a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism were found in the blood of healthy humans and aseptic mice free of S. aureus infection. IgG hydrolyzed peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of basic amino acids, including a bond located within the C3b-binding domain of Efb. Efb digested with the IgG lost its ability to bind C3b and inhibit complement-dependent antibody-mediated red blood cell lysis. In addition to catalysis, the IgG expressed saturable Efb binding activity. IgG from S. aureus-infected mice displayed reduced Efb cleaving activity and increased Efb binding activity compared with uninfected controls, suggesting differing effects of the infection on the antibody subsets responsible for the two activities. IgG from children hospitalized for S. aureus infection also displayed reduced Efb cleavage compared with healthy children. These data suggest a potential defense function for constitutively produced catalytic antibodies to a putative superantigenic site of Efb, but an adaptive catalytic response appears to be proscribed.
Outcome of translabyrinthine surgery for vestibular schwannoma in neurofibromatosis type 2

Abstract Objectives. To analyse the long-term outcome of translabyrinthine surgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS) in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Research type. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Two tertiary referral NF2 units. Patients. One hundred and forty eight translabyrinthine operations for patients with VS were performed. Preoperative stereotactic radiotherapy had been performed on 12(9.4%) patients. Results. Mean tumour size was 3.1 cm. Total tumour excision was achieved in 66% of cases, capsular remnants were left in 24% of cases, and subtotal excision was achieved in 5% and partial removal was achieved in 5%. The radiological residual/recurrence rate was 13.9%. The perioperative mortality was 1.6%. At 2 years postoperatively, facial function was expressed in terms of House–Brackmann score (HB): HB 1 in 53.4%, HB 1/2 in 61.3%, HB 1–3 in 83.2% and HB 4–6 in 16.8%. All nine patients who underwent surgery following failed stereotactic radiotherapy had HB 3 function or better. Among 9.5% of the cases, 14 facial nerves were lost during surgery and repaired using direct anastomosis or grafting. There was no tinnitus present preoperatively in 27% of the cases, and 22% of patients developed tinnitus postoperatively. In patients with preoperative tinnitus, 61% remained the same, 17% got it resolved and only in 21% it worsened. The preoperative hydrocephalus rate was 26%, and among 15% of the cases five ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunts were performed. The cerebrospinal fluid leak rate was 2.5%. Fifty-six patients underwent auditory brainstem implantation (ABI) and two patients had cochlear implant (CI) sleepers inserted. Conclusions. The management of patients with NF2 presents the clinician with a formidable challenge with many patients still presenting themselves late with the neurological compromise and a large tumour load. There is still an argument for the management by observation until the neurological compromise dictates interventional treatment particularly with the option of hearing rehabilitation with ABI or CI. The translabyrinthine approach provides a very satisfactory means of reducing the overall tumour volume.
Overexpression of Ganglioside GM1 Results in the Dispersion of Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor from Glycolipid-enriched Microdomains and in the Suppression of Cell Growth Signals*

To investigate the molecular mechanisms of gangliosides for the regulation of cell proliferation, Swiss 3T3 cells were transfected with GM2/GD2 synthase and GM1 synthase cDNAs, resulting in the establishment of GM1-expressing (GM1+) lines. Compared with the vector control (GM1−) cell lines, GM1+ cells exhibited reduced cell proliferation by stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In accordance with the reduced cell growth, GM1+ cells showed earlier decreases in the phosphorylation levels of PDGF receptor and less activation of MAP kinases than GM1− cells. To analyze the effects of GM1 expression on the PDGF/PDGF receptor (PDGFR) signals, the glycolipid-enriched microdomain (GEM) was isolated and the following results were obtained. (i) PDGFR predominantly distributed in the non-GEM fraction in GM1+ cells, while it was present in both GEM and non-GEM fractions in GM1− cells. (ii) Activation of PDGFR as detected by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody occurred almost in parallel with existing amounts of PDGFR in each fraction. (iii) GM1 binds with PDGFR in GEM fractions. These findings suggested that GM1 regulates signals via PDGF/PDGFR by controlling the distribution of PDGFR in- and outside of GEM, and also interacting with PDGFR in the GEM fraction as a functional constituent of the microdomain.
Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Function: Interdependence in Pathophysiology and Management

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a hemodynamic problem that can result in grave morbidity and mortality including right-sided heart failure and sudden death. The diagnosis of PH is commonly due to the lack of sensitivity and specificity of the symptoms and signs at initial examination of the patient. Severe acute PH, when first diagnosed, is often irreversible and associated with a high mortality. Treatment of this condition is most successful when it is diagnosed early before irreversible damage has occurred to the pulmonary vasculature. The incidence of acute PH is difficult to estimate; however, pulmonary thromboembolism is the most common cause of acute PH in hospitalized patients. It has been estimated that as many as 15% of all persons admitted to hospitals may have complications of pulmonary embolism. The characteristics of pulmonary circulation and right ventricular (RV) function are intrinsically related to each other and interdependent.
ECHO virus type 22 infection in a premature infant.

ECHO 22 virus was isolated from fecal specimens of 20 out of 29 premature infants in 1964, and was again isolated from 9 out of 36 infants during 1966 and 1967 in the same premature nursery. The infants discharging ECHO 22 virus were asymptomatic or of slight symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and of mild diarrhea. The sero-immunity against ECHO 22 virus in children in the same district revealed that about half the infants under 6 months of age had positive neutralizing antibody against ECHO 22 virus, and almost all children over a year of age had positive antibody. The evidence of transplacental infection due to ECHO 22 virus was not obtained. ECHO 22 virus in premature infants would probably be transmitted from infants to infants. The source of infection was not determined.
Central inhibition of cellular immunity to leukemia L1210 by isoantibody.

Summary Hyperimmune antibody (Ab) to leukemia L1210 inhibited the development of spleen cell-mediated immunity, as measured by an in vitro assay. Administration of 0.4 ml of Ab i.p. before i.p. challenge with tumor completely suppressed cellular immunity, but the same dose of Ab given after the tumor was relatively ineffective. The degree of suppression was not explainable entirely by killing of tumor cells. Synthesis of isohemagglutinins and cytotoxic antibodies was generally unaffected, further suggesting a “central” effect upon host lymphoid cells. Pretreatment of donor spleen cells with Ab in vitro or in vivo before i.v. injection into lethally irradiated recipients prevented the development of cellular immunity to a subsequent challenge with L1210. Addition of normal bone marrow cells partially overcame the immunosuppression in these recipients of Ab-treated spleen cells. The inhibitory activity of Ab resided almost entirely in the IgG fraction. It is suggested that this phenomenon represents “enhancement,” as defined in its broadest sense, of antibody-mediated inhibition of cellular immunity, with concomitant tumoricidal effects accounting for the failure of the leukemia to flourish.
Defining a periodontitis case: analysis of a never-treated adult population.

AIM The purpose of the present study was to assess the extent to which the three periodontitis case definition systems proposed by van der Velden, Tonetti & Claffey and Page & Eke identify the same cases in a population of never-treated adults with limited tradition for oral hygiene procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on data on clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) of four sites in all teeth present among 1,130 adult Kenyans we classified the population according to the three case definition systems, and according to the occurrence of the concomitant presence of CAL and BOP at the site level. RESULTS The case definitions by Tonetti & Claffey and by Page & Eke yielded similar results, which were also quite similar to the results of simply identifying a case of periodontitis as a person having at least one site showing both CAL ≥ 4 mm and BOP. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that it should be feasible for the periodontal community to reach an agreement over the distinction between a case and a non-case. The classification system proposed by van der Velden is better suited for providing clinicians with a clear image of the case.
Observation of a Biaxial Nematic Phase in Potassium Laurate-1-Decanol-Water Mixtures

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Clinical and outcome characteristics of children with adrenocortical tumors: a report from the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry.

PURPOSE We created a registry for pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), which are rare and are not well characterized. We provide a descriptive analysis of 254 patients registered on the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1990 and December 2001, 254 patients younger than 20 years of age with newly diagnosed or previously treated ACTs were registered. A histologic diagnosis of ACT was required, although central review was not mandatory. Follow-up information was periodically requested from the referring physician. Treatment was chosen by the primary physician. RESULTS The overall female-male ratio was 1.6:1, but it varied widely among age groups. The most common presenting sign (84.2%) was virilization. Cushing's syndrome without virilization was uncommon (5.5%). Tumors were completely resected in 83% of patients. Patients with disseminated or residual disease received mitotane, cisplatin, etoposide, and/or doxorubicin, and rarely, radiation therapy. At a median follow-up of 2 years and 5 months, 157 patients (61.8%) survived without evidence of disease and 97 patients (38.2%) had died. The 5-year event-free survival estimate was 54.2% (95% CI, 48.2% to 60.2%). In a multivariate analysis, disease stage, presenting signs of endocrine dysfunction, and age were independently associated with prognosis. CONCLUSION Childhood ACTs occur predominantly in females and almost always causes clinical signs. Complete resection is required for cure. Residual or metastatic disease carries a poor prognosis. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a disease-specific database for obtaining meaningful clinical and outcome information.
The N-terminal CEBPA mutant in acute myeloid leukemia impairs CXCR4 expression

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is an essential regulator for homing and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow niches. Analysis of clinical implications of bone marrow CXCR4 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia showed not only higher CXCR4 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor, irrespective of age, white blood cell counts, cytogenetics, and mutation status of NPM1/FLT3-ITD and CEBPA, but also showed CXCR4 expression was inversely associated with mutations of CEBPA, a gene encoding transcription factor C/EBPα. Patients with wild-type CEBPA had significantly higher CXCR4 expression than those with mutated CEBPA. We hypothesized that CEBPA might influence the expression of CXCR4. To test this hypothesis, we first examined endogenous CXCR4 expression in 293T and K562 cells over-expressing wild-type C/EBPα p42 and demonstrated that CXCR4 levels were increased in these cells, whilst the expression of the N-terminal mutant, C/EBPα p30, diminished CXCR4 transcription. We further showed p42 was bound to the CXCR4 promoter by the chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Induction of p42 in the inducible K562-C/EBPα cell lines increased the chemotactic migration. Moreover, decreased expression of C/EBPα by RNA interference decreased levels of CXCR4 protein expression in U937 cells, thereby abrogating CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence that C/EBPα indeed regulates the activation of CXCR4, which is critical for the homing and engraftment of acute myeloid leukemia cells, while p30 mutant impairs CXCR4 expression.