Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Natural Amenities Attract High-tech Jobs? Evidence From a Smoothed Bayesian Spatial Model

Abstract We investigate the popular theory that high-technology workers are drawn to high amenity locations and then the jobs follow the workers. Using a novel data set that tracks high-technology job growth by US county, we estimate spatial parameters of the response of high-tech job growth to the level of local natural amenities. For estimation we utilize a reasonably new class of models, smooth coefficient models, taking advantage of their flexibility to allow the response of high-tech job growth to be nonlinear with respect to the level of natural amenities. Our results show that amenities are not an important driver for high-technology employment growth. Natural amenities matter most within the subset of US counties that are micropolitan, where they can influence location decisions. Nous penchons sur la théorie populaire d'après laquelle les travailleurs du secteur de la technologie de pointe sont attirés vers des lieux à infrastructure supérieure, et les emplois de ce secteur suivent ces mêmes travailleurs. En utilisant un ensemble de données nouveau, qui suit l'expansion des emplois dans le secteur de la technologie de pointe par comté des États-Unis, nous procédons à la réalisation d'une évaluation de paramètres spatiaux de la réaction de l'expansion des emplois dans le secteur de la technologie de pointe au niveau des infrastructures naturelles locales. Pour l'estimation, nous utilisons une catégorie de modèles raisonnablement neuve, des modèles à coefficient de lissage, en exploitant leur souplesse d'emploi afin d'assurer que la réponse de l'expansion des emplois dans la haute technologue soit non linéaire relativement au niveau des ressources naturelles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les infrastructures ne constituent pas un élément déterminant de l'expansion de l'emploi dans le secteur de la haute technologie. L'importance des infrastructures naturelles est plus importante dans le sous-ensemble des comtés micropolitains des États-Unis, où elles peuvent influer sur des décisions relatives au lieu d'implantation. Investigamos la teoría popular de que los trabajadores de alta tecnología se sienten atraídos hacia lugares con muchas amenidades, y, por lo tanto, que los trabajos acompañan a los trabajadores. Utilizando un conjunto novedoso de datos que rastrea el crecimiento de empleos en alta tecnología por condado estadounidense, estimamos parámetros espaciales de la respuesta del crecimiento de trabajos de alta tecnología al nivel de amenidades naturales locales. Para la estimación utilizamos una clase de modelos razonablemente nuevos, los modelos de coeficiente homogéneo, sacando partido de su flexibilidad para que la respuesta del crecimiento de trabajo de alta tecnología no sea lineal con respecto al nivel de amenidades naturales. Nuestros resultados muestran que las amenidades no representan un aliciente importante para el crecimiento del empleo en alta tecnología. Las amenidades importan más dentro del subconjunto de condados estadounidenses micropolitanos, donde pueden influir sobre las decisiones de ubicación.
Growth, Employment and Poverty in South Africa: In Search of a Trickle-Down Effect

In this article we examine the dynamic causal relationship between economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction in South Africa -- using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure. The study attempts to answer one critical question: does economic growth in South Africa trickle down to the poor through job creation? The study uses two proxies to measure the incidence of poverty in South Africa, namely household consumption per capita and infant mortality. The empirical results of the study fail to support the trickle-down effect between economic growth and poverty reduction in South Africa. Moreover, the results show that there is no causal relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in either direction. The results apply irrespective of whether the poverty level is measured by the real per-capita consumption or by the infant mortality rate.
The Effect of Maternal Employment and Child Care on Children's Cognitive Development

This article develops and estimates a dynamic model of employment and child care decisions of women after childbirth to evaluate the effects of these choices on children's cognitive ability. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate it. Results indicate that the effects of maternal employment and child care on children's ability are negative and sizable. Having a mother that works full-time and uses child care during one year is associated with a reduction in ability test scores of approximately 1.8% (0.13 standard deviations). We assess the impact of policies related to parental leave and child care on children's outcomes.
How Well is Social Expenditure Targeted to the Poor

Some countries are more effective in poverty reduction than others. What can explain these variations in effectiveness? This paper analyzes the effectiveness of social transfers in alleviating poverty. We focus especially on EU countries, but also include other OECD countries into our analysis. We compare poverty rates at the levels of market and disposable incomes, that is before and after transfers, in order to analyze the effect of tax and transfer policies in reducing poverty, i.e. to determine the target efficiency of social transfers. We perform several tests with the most recent data. In case pensions are treated as transfers, we find a strong relationship between levels of social spending and antipoverty effects of social transfers and taxes. Social spending seems to be an important determinant of a country’s poverty outcome. Our analysis highlights some cross-country differences in targeting of social expenditures on poverty alleviation in EU15 and non-EU15 countries around 2005. We introduce an indicator of Public Policy Effectiveness on Poverty Alleviation across countries. Each percentage point of social expenditure alleviates poverty in both EU15 and non-EU15 countries by . 7 percentage points on average. Relatively high scores in EU15 countries are found for Ireland and the Scandinavian countries, while Italy, Greece and Spain score lowest. Outside Europe the poorest scores are reported for Korea and the United States. Country ranking appears to be rather stable over time when outcomes for 1995 and 2005 are compared, although some of our results may be sensitive to cyclical factors.
Counselor Educators' Teaching Practices in a Multicultural Society: A Multicase Study

Counselor education programs aim to provide students with curricula that will enable them as clinicians to effectively engage culturally diverse populations. In contemporary society, it is almost certain that counselors will encounter clients whose cultural background differs from that of their own (Remley & Herlihy, 2010). According to the ACA Code of Ethics (2005) section F.11, counselor educators are expected to actively infuse multicultural and/or diversity competencies into their training and supervision practices. While the ACA Code of Ethics (2005) provides counselor educators with ethical guidelines that are expected to assist its members in constructing a professional course of action, there are still loopholes. Although counselor education programs are expected to address multicultural issues that arise in our diverse society, it appears that many programs lack specific strategies for doing so (Holcomb-McCoy & Bradley, 2003). There are no universal standards for “how” counselor educators are to infuse multiculturalism and/or diversity into their teaching practices. The results from this multicase study identify commonalities for infusing multiculturalism and/or diversity into one’s teaching practices from the lenses of nine counselor educators from three regions of the United States. Implications for practice and future research are offered.
Short Interest: Explanations and Tests

Abstract Cross-sectional and time series tests are performed to explain levels and changes in short interest. Explanatory variables and tests are chosen based on tax, arbitrage, and speculative reasons for going short. Short interest is found to follow a seasonal pattern that is weakly consistent with tax-based trading. Stocks with high betas and the existence of convertible securities or options tend to have higher levels of short interest, which is consistent with arbitrage efforts. For firms with traded options, there is a positive association between the month-to-month changes in option open interest and short interest. Prior months' returns and changes in short interest are positively related, but there is no relationship between changes in short interest and returns in the subsequent month.
The Good Governance Agenda: Beyond Indicators without Theory

Effective government matters, but what is it? Good governance indicators go some way to provide a definition, but how much do they say about what effectiveness is, why this is so, and how it matters to development? This article argues that much work on the good governance agenda suggests a one-best-way model, ostensibly of an idyllic, developed country government: Sweden or Denmark on a good day, perhaps. The implied model lacks consistency, however, seems inappropriate for use in the development dialogue and is not easily replicated. In short, it resembles a set of well meaning but problematic proverbs. The good governance picture of effective government is not only of limited use in development policy but also threatens to promote dangerous isomorphism, institutional dualism and “flailing states”. It imposes an inappropriate model of government that “kicks away the ladder” that today's effective governments climbed to reach their current states. The model's major weakness lies in the lack of an effective underlying theoretical framework to assist in understanding government roles and structures in development. A framework is needed before we measure government effectiveness or propose specific models of what government should look like. Given the evidence of multiple states of development, the idea of a one-best-way model actually seems very problematic.
Do state and local taxes affect relative state growth

The South has seen a remarkable economic rise during the past three decades. Was this growth a result of automatic forces or was it fueled by state and local tax policies? Traditional economic theory suggests that forces of convergence, not tax policies, have moved the southern states toward catching up with the rest of the nation. But more recent economic models recognize that convergence and low tax rates may not be mutually exclusive explanations for the South's stronger growth. ; This article presents an overview of relative state growth and relative state and local taxation from 1960 to 1992. After a brief discussion of the theoretical issues, the article surveys simple--but revealing--correlations across states and across time that characterize states' experiences. The correlations indicate convergence but also imply that shocks, including tax policy, matter for long-term growth. ; The author argues that the evidence on the growth effects of taxes has been mixed because empirical models imperfectly separate the growth effects of other government policies that occur simultaneously with tax policies. He demonstrates a simple way to get a more nearly accurate specification. His analysis shows that state and local taxes appear to have temporary growth effects that are stronger over shorter intervals and a permanent growth effect that does not disappear. ; In terms of policy implications, if long-term growth rates seem too low relative to other states, lowering aggregate state and local marginal tax rates is likely to have a positive effect on long-term growth rates. However, such a policy also reduces the progressivity of the tax system. No matter what emphasis is placed on growth, states should be aware of the potential trade-off.
Glutamine synthetase heterogeneous expression as a marker for the cellular lineage of preneoplastic and neoplastic liver populations.

The distribution of glutamine synthetase (GS) in rat liver and in putative preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions was studied at stages of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using immunohistochemistry. In control rats, GS was localized entirely to rings 1-3 cells deep surrounding the central veins. Exposure to DEN or AAF resulted in a reduction of these GS-positive (GS+) zones by 96 and 61% respectively, due to necrosis of the cells in this compartment, while AFB1 had little effect (less than 14%). At later times GS+ foci, adenomas and carcinomas developed in animals exposed to DEN or AAF, but not AFB1, corresponding to the acute effects. Small GS+ foci also identified by other phenotypic abnormalities (e.g. gamma-glutamyltransferase) were exclusively associated with the regenerating GS+ zone as were a few collections of GS+ hepatocytes, the nature of which was uncertain. Although accounting for a very small fraction (less than 3%) of total foci, these GS+ foci or GS+ hepatocytes apparently gave rise to a substantial fraction of adenomas that were GS+ (DEN: 43% and AAF: 33%) and an even higher percentage of GS+ carcinomas (DEN: 59% and AAF: 39%). No GS+ neoplasms were induced by AFB1. Statistical evaluation of these data strongly suggests that GS+ neoplasms originate through initiation of hepatocytes which possess this particular phenotype. Thus, GS might serve as a specific marker for tracing cell lineage relationships during hepatocarcinogensis. The GS+ phenotype which confers glutamine independence may also provide a growth advantage.
Short- and long-term effects of diethylstilboesterol administration during and after the cessation of Sertoli cell proliferation on the testis of domestic fowl

1. This study examined the effects of diethylstilboesterol (DES), administered during and after Sertoli cell proliferation, on the testes of hatched cockerel up to the age of 20 weeks. 2. DES was injected into White Leghorn male chicks (200 ng/g body weight) over 10 d periods. The groups were first injected at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after hatching because Sertoli cell proliferation ceases at no later than 9 weeks. The birds first injected at 6 weeks and at 8 weeks were examined at 10 weeks, those first injected at 10 weeks were examined at 12 weeks and others, first injected at weeks 6, 8 and 10, were examined at 20 weeks. 3. In the birds killed at up to 12 weeks, the DES did not affect the Sertoli cell number of those first injected at week 6 and killed at week 10, although it did reduce the numerical density of seminiferous tubule containing late spermatids and increased seminiferous tubule not containing primary spermatocytes of the birds injected during weeks 6, 8 and 10. 4. In those killed at 20 weeks however, the DES did not cause any alteration in testis weight, gonado-somato index, seminiferous tubule volume, seminiferous lumen volume or comb height.
The Relation between IPO Underpricing and Litigation Risk Revisited: Changes between 1990 and 2002

"This paper reexamines the litigation risk hypothesis of initial public offering (IPO) underpricing in different legal and economic environments. When litigation risk is reduced in the three-year period after the enactment of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, firms' litigation risk plays a less significant role in IPO underpricing strategy. Furthermore, underpricing deters more traditional IPO lawsuits compared to that effect in the pre-1995 period. In the period after that, however, there is another structural change in which firms again use underpricing as insurance against IPO lawsuits. This underpricing may actually have led to greater litigation relating to IPO allocation irregularities. " Copyright (c) 2009 Financial Management Association International.
Nerve terminal distribution in the human tongue intrinsic muscles: An immunohistochemical study using midterm fetuses

Intrinsic tongue muscles, especially the transverse and vertical (T&V) muscles, regulate the shape of the tongue. However, little information is available on the nerve distribution pattern in human T&V muscles. Using S100 protein immunohistochemistry for paraffin‐embedded histology, we investigated semiserial sagittal or frontal sections of eight human fetal tongues (180–240 mm crown‐rump length: CRL). The height of the T&V muscle bundle showed a threefold difference between specimens with a small and a large CRL. Thus, the T&V muscles were still growing at the stages examined. In the intrinsic longitudinal muscles and all extrinsic tongue muscles, we observed the typical motor endplate band. In lower‐magnification views, the T&V muscles also appeared to carry the band in the lateral part of the tongue, where the genioglossus muscle fibers did not cross these muscles. However, in higher magnification views, the nerve terminal distribution in the T&V muscles showed a unique rule: the nerve terminal for the transverse muscle bundle was located distantly from that of the adjacent vertical muscle bundle. This pattern seemed to be established during the stages examined. To provide such “distantly separated nerve terminals,” thin nerve twigs took a highly curved course oblique to the T&V muscle bundles. We hypothesize that the unique nerve course and terminal distribution in the T&V muscles are a result of sorting to provide a good functional match between the nerve fiber and the muscle bundle. After sorting, the T&V muscle cells may initiate proliferation to increase the muscle bundle. Clin. Anat. 25:189–197, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fractional cointegration and futures hedging

This article examines the performance of various hedge ratios estimated from different econometric models: The FIEC model is introduced as a new model for estimating the hedge ratio. Utilized in this study are NSA futures data, along with the ARFIMA‐GARCH approach, the EC model, and the VAR model. Our analysis identifies the prevalence of a fractional cointegration relationship. The effects of incorporating such a relationship into futures hedging are investigated, as is the relative performance of various models with respect to different hedge horizons. Findings include: (i) Incorporation of conditional heteroskedasticity improves hedging performance; (ii) the hedge ratio of the EC model is consistently larger than that of the FIEC model, with the EC providing better post‐sample hedging performance in the return–risk context; (iii) the EC hedging strategy (for longer hedge horizons of ten days or more) incorporating conditional heteroskedasticty is the dominant strategy; (iv) incorporating the fractional cointegration relationship does not improve the hedging performance over the EC model; (v) the conventional regression method provides the worst hedging outcomes for hedge horizons of five days or more. Whether these results (based on the NSA index) can be generalized to other cases is proposed as a topic for further research. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 457–474, 1999
Indigenous Secondary Education in the Northern Territory: Building for the Future

This article reports on the findings of an Australian Research Council (ARC) funded research project, ‘Building the future for Indigenous students’, an investigation of the hopes and dreams for the future of over 1,000 secondary students, 733 of whom were Indigenous, living in very remote, remote, and urban locations in the Northern Territory. Using both quantitative and qualitative research tools, researchers sought to understand what motivated the students at school and how they studied — critical elements in successful school achievement. In this article, the analysis of Indigenous student responses to a series of questions in the qualitative component of the study is presented. The analysis concludes that urban and remote Indigenous school children provide similar responses to questions that probe: (1) the value of education/school/self, (2) learner future goals, (3) learner motivation, and (4) learning preferences. The study also finds that very remote Indigenous school children, while similar in some question responses to both groups, also show some important differences that raise questions for more research.
Digital Technology in Teaching International Business

Abstract As we enter the brave new world of interactive digital technology, teachers of International Business are being confronted with the problems and opportunities associated with integrating the new medium with a subject area that is inherently geographically dispersed. This analysis extends the traditional marketing tradeoffs between richness (depth of knowledge) and reach (geographic area coverage) to the emerging technology-mediated education industry, and then specifically evaluates their effect on the teaching of International Business. We believe that interactive learning, particularly as it applies to team building and problem solving in a multicultural environment, will prove valuable as the next generation of business leaders begins to emerge from academic institutions.
Philosophy, training and spirituality: a longitudinal, empirical study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether Chinese philosophy can have positive results in long‐term training.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examined its effect based on Kirkpatrick's model. The qualitative data were the interviews, observations, and documents from 2004 to 2012. The quantitative data included three questionnaires for the employees and the customers distributed in 2005, 2006, and from 2009 to 2011, with 3,601 valid ones in total.Findings – The results show that using Chinese philosophy as training content can increase trainees' training motivation. In addition, better training motivation can bring positive reaction, learning, and motivation for transfer. Second, at the individual level, Chinese philosophy can increase the employees' motivation for transfer and workplace spirituality. Third, at the organizational level, it shows an enhancement of service quality (SQ). Practical implications – First, human resource (HR) practices can take the country's cultural feature.
Firm Demographics and Productivity Dynamics in Estonia

This paper presents one of the first studies of firm demographics in Estonia, particularly, on the processes of firm entry and exit as well as survival analysis of new firms. Also decompositions of productivity change into components consisting of resource reallocation, firm entry and exit, and productivity growth within continuing firms is carried out. Our results, derived from a novel database of the population of Estonian firms, show that firm turnover has been rather high in Estonia during the observed period from 1995 to 2001, resulting from low institutional entry barriers and emergence of the SME sector. The high survival rates for new firms and surviving firms’ relatively fast growth could reflect their relatively high productivity compared to incumbent firms and changes in the sectoral structure of the economy. The decomposition of productivity change shows that the high productivity growth has been mostly from within-firm productivity growth (e.g. the adoption of new production technologies and organizational changes), but the reallocation of production factors (especially the exit of low productivity units) has played an important role as well.