Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speaking Up

School nurses provide an important role in the continuity of health care especially for adolescents who are at high risk for significant health concerns. The purpose of this study was to assess adolescents’ health information needs and identify their preferences for accessing health information. Using an inductive qualitative research design, 11 focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of 101 junior high and high school students in suburban northeastern Illinois. The students identified a variety of health concerns and emphasized the need for accessible, high-quality, and personally relevant information. Most students favored taking an active role in learning about their health. They preferred to directly access information from qualified individuals within comfortable, trusting, and respectful relationships or to indirectly retrieve information from reliable resources. Finally, students emphasized the need for privacy and a variety of learning options depending on the specific health topic.
Too Close for Comfort? Registered Sex Offender Spatial Clustering and Recidivistic Sex Crime Arrest Rates

This study examined whether three measures of the spatial distribution of registered sex offenders (RSOs) in September 2010 were associated with differences in county-level rates of recidivistic sex crime arrests over the following year in 52 upstate New York counties. Results indicate that RSO clustering was positively associated with modest increases of recidivistic sex crime arrest rates, but results were significant only for adult victim sex crimes and only for certain types of RSO clustering. Under no circumstances, however, was increased RSO clustering associated with decreased rates of recidivistic sex crime arrests. The results of this study, combined with the limited prior research, suggest that RSO clustering has only a limited association with recidivistic sex crime arrest rates. This implies that housing policies such as residence restrictions may be useful in mitigating risk from some types of recidivistic sex crimes only to the extent that they result in more equitable distributions of RSOs within a county.
Examining the attitudes of hospital pharmacists to reporting medication safety incidents using the theory of planned behaviour.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of factors within hospital pharmacists' practice on the likelihood of their reporting a medication safety incident. DESIGN Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) survey. SETTING Twenty-one general and teaching hospitals in the North West of England. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and seventy hospital pharmacists (response rate = 45%). INTERVENTION Hospital pharmacists were invited to complete a TPB survey, based on a prescribing error scenario that had resulted in serious patient harm. Multiple regression was used to determine the relative influence of different TPB variables, and participant demographics, on the pharmacists' self-reported intention to report the medication safety incident. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The TPB variables predicting intention to report: attitude towards behaviour, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and descriptive norm. RESULTS Overall, the hospital pharmacists held strong intentions to report the error, with senior pharmacists being more likely to report. Perceived behavioural control (ease or difficulty of reporting), Descriptive Norms (belief that other pharmacists would report) and Attitudes towards Behaviour (expected benefits of reporting) showed good correlation with, and were statistically significant predictors of, intention to report the error [R = 0.568, R(2) = 0.323, adjusted R(2) = 0.293, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that efforts to improve medication safety incident reporting by hospital pharmacists should focus on their behavioural and control beliefs about the reporting process. This should include instilling greater confidence about the benefits of reporting and not harming professional relationships with doctors, greater clarity about what/not to report and a simpler reporting system.
Assessment of antipsychotic-related risk of diabetes mellitus in a Medicaid psychosis population: sensitivity to study design.

PURPOSE The effect of study design on findings regarding diabetes risk associated with antipsychotics was studied. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of data from more than 100,000 Medicaid patients. Diabetes odds ratios (ORs) for patients treated with clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, or conventional antipsychotics versus untreated patients were estimated with and without the following design enhancements: screening for preexisting diabetes, selecting for antipsychotic monotherapy, and identifying diabetes with prescription claims only. Logistic regression controlled for patient sex, race and ethnicity, type of psychosis, length of observation and treatment, antipsychotic dosage, pre-existing excess weight or dyslipidemia, and use of other drugs with potential diabetogenic effects. RESULTS Under the weakest study design (none of the above enhancements), all antipsychotics were associated with significantly higher odds of diabetes relative to no treatment (p < 0.05). Estimated ORs were as follows: clozapine, 1.468; olanzapine, 1.108; quetiapine, 1.270; ziprasidone, 1.226; risperidone, 1.232; and conventional antipsychotics, 1.159. Under the strongest design (all of the above enhancements), ORs relative to no treatment were significant for clozapine (1.484) and olanzapine (1.149) and nonsignificant for quetiapine (0.998), risperidone (1.124), ziprasidone (0.717), and conventional antipsychotics (1.025). The data also strongly suggest selection bias by clinicians (i.e., selecting antipsychotics based on preexisting diabetes or risk factors for diabetes), disfavoring risperidone and favoring olanzapine. Although the evidence is weaker, quetiapine may also have been affected by unfavorable selection bias. CONCLUSION In large database studies, estimated risks of diabetes among patients treated with antipsychotics appeared to be influenced by study design. When a more rigorous design was used, only clozapine and olanzapine were associated with diabetes risk significantly greater than that in untreated patients.
Ryanodine prolongs Ca‐currents while suppressing contraction in rat ventricular muscle cells

Ryanodine (1 μm) suppressed or abolished contraction in response to step depolarizations in voltage‐clamped cells isolated from adult rat ventricular myocardium. The step depolarizations evoked the second inward current, which is carried largely by Ca ions under these conditions, and there was little or no change in the amplitude of this current when contraction was reduced or abolished by ryanodine. The effects of ryanodine on contraction were, however, accompanied by a prolongation of the second inward current resulting from a slowing of the apparent inactivation of this current. It is suggested that ryanodine affects steps in excitation‐contraction coupling subsequent to the second inward current, perhaps Ca‐release from intracellular stores, and that this slows a Ca‐dependent inactivation of second inward current.
The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

Abstract A two-sector model of the destination economy is developed in order to determine the distributional effects of immigration. In one sector, native and immigrant workers are substitutes in production, while in the other they are complements. The two industries are assumed to draw immigrants from the same pool, whose size is exogenous to employers and set by politicians. A political market for an endogenous immigration quota arises as a consequence of the conflicting interests of the two native worker groups, as well as those of lobbying groups organized along non-labor market lines. A reduced form expression for the equilibrium quota is derived. The size of the quota is determined by the levels of product and labor demand in the two industries, lobbying costs of native workers, the degree of substitutability or complementarity in production between native and immigrant labor, the proportions in which the immigrant workforce is divided between the two industries, the wage elasticities of demand for native and immigrant labor, the influence of groups opposed to immigration on non-economic grounds, and the size of the immigrant population in the destination country. The model is tested using annual data on employment visas issued by US authorities. It is found that political pressure for tighter immigration controls is dominant during periods of economic expansion, while technological progress, a growing immigrant community and a larger share of immigrants from Europe lead to looser immigration restrictions.
Complexes of gallium(III) and other metal ions and their potential in the treatment of neoplasia

The metal complexes of a variety of ligands show diverse pharmacological properties. The potential of these compounds as antineoplastic agents is underlined by the success of the clinically used platinum complex cisplatin (3)2PtCl2]). In the current review, specific examples of gallium, copper, ruthenium and titanium complexes are discussed with special relevance to their use in the treatment of cancer. Some of these complexes have demonstrated marked activity in a number of animal models and for some compounds, clinical trials are anticipated or have already begun. Collectively, the results in the literature indicate that the study of metal complexes as antineoplastic agents deserves continued intensive investigation.
Variations in Immigrant Incorporation in the Neighborhoods of Amsterdam

Amsterdam's immigrants of Caribbean and southern Mediterranean origin have been characterized as modestly segregated from Dutch residents, and their residential assimilation has been expected to proceed rapidly. This article tests the hypothesis of spatial assimilation using both aggregate data on levels of segregation and individual-level analyses of the people who live in ethnic minority neighborhoods. Evidence is presented of assimilation for immigrants from the former colonies of Surinam and the Antilles, but Turks and Moroccans are shown to face stronger barriers. The former groups' higher standing favors their mobility from ethnically distinct neighborhoods. There is a generational shift for Surinamese and Antilleans, while the Turks and Moroccans born in Amsterdam are as likely as the immigrant generation to settle in ethnic minority neighborhoods. Copyright (c) 2006 The Author. Journal Compilation (c) 2006 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Vertical integration - Reducing the load on GP teachers.

BACKGROUND With the increased medical student numbers in Australia there is an expectation that general practice will train students, junior doctors and registrars, and the teaching burden for busy general practitioners will rise. OBJECTIVE We discuss the model of vertical integration of general practice education set up at the Australian National University Medical School in the Australian Capital Territory and southeast New South Wales. DISCUSSION This model of vertical integration is unique. It could be adapted in a range of vocational settings and spans medical student, prevocational doctor, registrar and international medical graduate teaching. A key aim of these strategies is to reduce the load on the clinical GP teacher as sustaining their contribution is crucial to the future of training in general practice.
Satoyoshi syndrome in a caucasian girl improved with glucocorticoids—A clinical report

Satoyoshi syndrome (OMIM 600705) is a rare disorder of unknown cause characterized by progressive painful intermittent muscle spasms, amenorrhea, alopecia, malabsorption, and skeletal abnormalities mimicking a skeletal dysplasia. In this report, we describe a Caucasian 12‐year‐old girl that presented with characteristic manifestations, including alopecia, muscle cramps, and short stature with onset at age 7. Prednisone 60 mg/m2 every other day and amytriptiline 25 mg QD were administered. After 2 months, alopecia had significantly improved and muscle cramps had almost disappeared, so that glucocorticoid treatment was tapered. Follow‐up, 9 months later, showed a normal looking and asymptomatic girl. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flexible On-chip Memory Architecture for DCNN Accelerators

Recent studies show that as the depth of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) increases for higher performance in different machine learning tasks, a major bottleneck in the improvement of deep CNNs (DCNNs) processing is the traffic between the accelerator and off-chip memory. However, current state-of-the-art accelerators cannot effectively reduce off-chip feature map traffic due to the limited capability in reusing output feature maps from the previous CNN layer to the next. In this paper, we propose a flexible on-chip memory architecture with a memory bank management scheme to reduce feature map data movement during the computational transition between CNN layers. Moreover, the proposed scheme can also be used as a complementing approach to existing CNN dataflows to further improve the energy efficiency of DCNN accelerators. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the off-chip feature map traffic of ResNet-152 and VGGNet-E by 40% and 50% in 32-bit floating point and 16bit fixed-point arithmetic, respectively, on Xilinx Virtex FPGAs.
Provisional chapter Cardiovascular Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia

High-altitude exposure has been well recognized as a hypoxia exposure that significantly affects cardiovascular function. However, the pathophysiologic adaptation of cardiovascular system to high-altitude hypoxia (HAH) varies remarkably. It may depend on the exposed time and oxygen partial pressure in the altitude place. In short-term HAH, cardiovascular adaptation is mainly characterized by functional alteration, including cardiac functional adjustments, pulmonary vascular constriction, transient pulmonary hypertension, and changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). These changes may be explainedmainly by ventilatory acclimatization and variation of autonomic nervous activity. In long-term HAH, cardiovascular adaptation is mainly characterized by both functional and structural alterations. These changes include right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy, persistent pulmonary hypertension, lower CBF and reduced uteroplacental and fetal volumetric blood flows.
New M +, M 3+-arsenates – the framework structures of AgM 3+(HAsO4)2 (M 3+ = Al, Ga) and M +GaAs2O7 (M + = Na, Ag)

The crystal structures of hydrothermally synthesized AgAl(HAsO4)2, AgGa(HAsO4)2, AgGaAs2O7 and NaGaAs2O7 are reported. The first two compounds are representatives of the MCV-3 structure type, which is characterized by a three-dimensional anionic framework of corner-sharing alternating M 3+O6 octahedra and singly protonated AsO4 tetrahedra. Intersecting channels parallel to [101] and [010] host the Ag+ cations. The two diarsenate compounds are representatives of the NaAlAs2O7 structure type, characterized by an anionic framework topology built of M 3+O6 octahedra sharing corners with diarsenate groups, and M 1+ cations hosted in the voids of the framework.
As individual as death itself: a focus group study of terminal care in nursing homes.

One in four Americans who reach the age of 65 will die in a nursing home, yet little research exists to define the end of life care needs of this population. We used focus groups with experienced nursing home staff and physicians to: (1) define a good death in a nursing home and (2) describe factors that promote or prevent good care for the dying in this setting. We audiotaped 11 focus groups with 77 participants. Discussions were structured around 3 questions: "How does someone die in the nursing home? " "What makes the difference between a good death and a bad death? ," and "What can aides, nurses, or physicians do to help ensure that when someone dies it is a good death? " Participants described lack of training, regulatory emphasis on rehabilitation, and a resource-poor setting as important barriers to high quality care of the dying in nursing homes. They affirmed the value of their experience and personal relationships with residents as the basis for good care. Three major themes emerged to define a good death in a nursing home: highly individualized care based on continuity relationships with caregivers, effective teamwork by staff, physicians and family, and comprehensive advance care planning that addresses prognosis, emotional preparation, and appropriate use of medical treatments. The significance of these themes may be tested in the design of interventions to improve care of the dying in long-term care.
Isolation of a novel human lung‐specific gene, LUNX, a potential molecular marker for detection of micrometastasis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer

We have isolated a novel human lung‐specific gene, LUNX (lung‐specific X protein), by differential‐display mRNA analysis. The full‐length cDNA contained 1,015 nucleotides including an open reading frame of 768 nucleotides encoding 256 amino acids. We localized the gene to chromosomal region 20p11.1‐q12 by radiation hybrid mapping. Using an RT‐PCR assay specific for LUNX mRNA, 35 non‐small‐cell lung‐cancer (NSCLC) tumors and 0 of 16 normal lymph nodes were positive. Furthermore, LUNX mRNA expression was enhanced in 26 (84%) of 31 NSCLC tumors vs. corresponding cancer‐free lung tissues by semi‐quantitative analyses with multiplex RT‐PCR. We assessed the possibility of LUNX mRNA as a molecular marker for detection of micrometastasis in dissected lymph nodes obtained from 20 patients with NSCLC tumors. LUNX mRNA was detected in 16 (80%) of 20 histologically positive lymph nodes and 21 (25%) of 84 histologically negative lymph nodes. Comparative analyses of the conventional histological examination and the RT‐PCR detection assay for LUNX mRNA showed that the detection rate of metastases in lymph nodes by the RT‐PCR assay was higher in 12 and consistent in 6 of the total 20 NSCLC patients. We demonstrate that the LUNX RT‐PCR assay is a potential diagnostic method for detection of micrometastases in lymph nodes of NSCLC patients. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technological Innovations, Downside Risk, and the Modernization of Agriculture

We use a randomized experiment in India to show that improved technology enhances agricultural productivity by crowding in modern inputs and cultivation practices. Specifically, we show that a new rice variety that reduces downside risk by providing flood tolerance has positive effects on adoption of a more labor-intensive planting method, area cultivated, fertilizer usage, and credit utilization. We find that a large share of the expected gains from the technology comes from crowding in of other investments. Therefore, improved technologies that reduce risk by protecting production in bad years have the potential to increase agricultural productivity in normal years.
The occurrence of Caryophyllaeus laticeps in the nase Chondrostoma nasus from Austrian rivers: possible anthropogenic factors

Abstract Between April 2003 and November 2006 a total of 198 nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) were examined for parasites from seven river sites in Austria. The selected sites showed different levels of anthropogenic alterations in river morphology ranging from pristine areas, with minor anthropogenic alterations, to strongly physically altered rivers. A variety of parasites were recovered from the skin, gills, swimbladder and eyes, with Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas) being identified as the only cestode species occurring in the intestine. This is the first record of this species in nase in Austria. Caryophyllaeus laticeps was confined to the first 20% of the intestine, even in heavily infected hosts. The occurrence of C. laticeps within the fish population seems to be correlated with the degree of anthropogenic changes of the nase's habitat. In rivers with a high degree of ecological integrity or in rivers that are only partially dammed, C. laticeps is either absent in C. nasus or occurs with low prevalence (5.6–20%) and low mean intensity values (1.0–4.0). Where anthropogenic factors have changed the entire river into a reservoir, and fish cannot escape, the prevalence of infection with C. laticeps increases from 46.2 to 78.2% and the mean intensity from 8.8 to 17.2.
Improved tri-gate FinFET transistor with InGaAs

Inclusion of the III-V semiconductors in Field Effect Transistor technology is frequent, now days. In this paper, a tri-gate FinFET using InGaAs is proposed. Current carrying capability of the FinFET is usually large, since tri-gate structure, hence an appropriate doping in the channel would improve the ON and OFF characteristics of the device. To get an excellent I<inf>ON</inf> /I<inf>off</inf>, doping concentration in the channel and source/drain region is varied according to material requirements. Channel length L<inf>g</inf> of the proposed device is 20 nm. With high-K dielectric H fO<inf>2</inf> as oxide, metal gate-oxide stack in the FinFET is designed and simulations are performed. Simulation of FinFET with gate-oxide thickness t<inf>ox</inf> = 1 nm and a channel width W<inf>c</inf> = 10nm, exhibits I<inf>on</inf>/I<inf>off</inf> = 10.801 × 10<sup>3</sup>, subthreshold slope SS ≈ 62 mV/decade and drain-induced-barrier-lowering DIBL = 83.3 mV/V.
Effect of Insulin Therapy on Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabetic Subjects: Evidence for Heterogeneity

Insulin resistance has been demonstrated previously in both glucose-intolerant and untreated type II diabetics. Although the former group had hyperinsulinemia in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load, the hyperglycemic type II subjects were relatively insulin deficient after carbohydrate ingestion. In an attempt to define the role that insulin deficiency might have played in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in this latter group, we measured the steadystate plasma glucose level (SSPG) during a constant infusion of glucose (6 mg/kg/min) and insulin (80 mU/min) in 15 nonobese insulin-deficient type II diabetics before and after insulin replacement therapy. Hepatic glucose output (HGO) and plasma clearance of glucose (PCG) during these studies were also determined using an infusion of 3-3H-glucose. Before insulin treatment, 13 of 15 subjects had SSPG levels above the range reported in normal subjects. Two type II patients appeared to be normally sensitive to insulin. Although all subjects were more sensitive to insulin after 1–8 wk of insulin therapy, they could be clearly divided into two groups. Thus, five patients were now normally sensitive to insulin (SSPG:75 ± 5.3 mg/dl) while 10 patients were still significantly resistant (SSPG: 227±11.3 mg/dl). HGO during the infusion studies was high in the resistant group pretreatment and did not change posttreatment (3.54 ± 0.32 vs. 3.14 ± 0.78 mg/kg/min). HGO was lower before insulin therapy and decreased by > 50% after therapy in the sensitive group (1.93 ± 0.07 vs. 0.71 ± 0.32 mg/kg/min). PCG determinations revealed a similar pattern of response. Retrospective analysis of the two groups revealed no significant differences in their baseline characteristics. Fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels also did not differ between the two groups before or after insulin therapy. These results indicate that heterogeneity exists among subjects with type II diabetes mellitus. One-third of the subjects studied appear to have only insulin deficiency as the basis of their diabetes, while two-thirds seem to have an underlying resistance to insulin that is not corrected by insulin therapy.