Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intention to Obtain Genetic Testing for Melanoma among Individuals at Low to Moderate Risk for Hereditary Melanoma

Abstract Background: Melanoma is a serious skin cancer that has been on the rise in the United States. Some genetic component is apparent. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, clinical, attitudinal, and health belief factors associated with intention to obtain genetic testing for hereditary melanoma among unaffected first-degree relatives of melanoma patients at low to moderate risk for hereditary melanoma. Methods: Using contact information provided by index cases diagnosed with melanoma, 92 unaffected first-degree relatives were asked to complete questionnaires via mail. Results: The average age of respondents was 45.7 (±12.8) years, and the majority were female (59%), currently married (80%), and Caucasian (98%). Only 11% of the sample was aware of genetic testing for hereditary melanoma prior to the survey. However, once such a test was described, 48% said they would take the test in the next six months if it were made available to them. Logistic regression analyses revealed that being married, physician recommendation, and helping family members make health care decisions were associated with intention to obtain genetic testing. Discussion: In light of these results, health education efforts for low-to-moderate-risk patients should include information about the clinical utility of genetic testing and the implications of test results for family members. Translation to Health Education Practice: As genetic testing for cancer becomes more widely available, demand for information will increase as well. Health educators will be instrumental in meeting the increased demand for such information and ensuring that those at low risk are appropriately informed and reassured.
rBPI21 (opebacan) promotes rapid trilineage hematopoietic recovery in a murine model of high‐dose total body irradiation

The complexity of providing adequate care after radiation exposure has drawn increasing attention. While most therapeutic development has focused on improving survival at lethal radiation doses, acute hematopoietic syndrome (AHS) occurs at substantially lower exposures. Thus, it is likely that a large proportion of such a radiation‐exposed population will manifest AHS of variable degree and that the medical and socioeconomic costs of AHS will accrue. Here, we examined the potential of rBPI21 (opebacan), used without supportive care, to accelerate hematopoietic recovery after radiation where expected survival was substantial (42%‐75%) at 30 days. rBPI21 administration was associated with accelerated recovery of hematopoietic precursors and normal marrow cellularity, with increases in megakaryocyte numbers particularly marked. This translated into attaining normal trilineage peripheral blood counts 2‐3 weeks earlier than controls. Elevations of hematopoietic growth factors observed in plasma and the marrow microenvironment suggest the mechanism is likely multifactorial and not confined to known endotoxin‐neutralizing and cytokine downmodulating activities of rBPI21. These observations deserve further exploration in radiation models and other settings where inadequate hematopoiesis is a prominent feature. These experiments also model the potential of therapeutics to limit the allocation of scarce resources after catastrophic exposures as an endpoint independent of lethality mitigation.
Post‐crossing segment of dI1 commissural axons forms collateral branches to motor neurons in the developing spinal cord

The dI1 commissural axons in the developing spinal cord, upon crossing the midline through the floor plate, make a sharp turn to grow rostrally. These post‐crossing axons initially just extend adjacent to the floor plate without entering nearby motor columns. However, it remains poorly characterized how these post‐crossing dI1 axons behave subsequently to this process. In the present study, to address this issue, we examined in detail the behavior of post‐crossing dI1 axons in mice, using the Atoh1 enhancer‐based conditional expression system that enables selective and sparse labeling of individual dI1 axons, together with Hb9 and ChAT immunohistochemistry for precise identification of spinal motor neurons (MNs). We found unexpectedly that the post‐crossing segment of dI1 axons later gave off collateral branches that extended laterally to invade motor columns. Interestingly, these collateral branches emerged at around the time when their primary growth cones initiated invasion into motor columns. In addition, although the length of the laterally growing collateral branches increased with age, the majority of them remained within motor columns. Strikingly, these collateral branches further gave rise to multiple secondary branches in the region of MNs that innervate muscles close to the body axis. Moreover, these axonal branches formed presynaptic terminals on MNs. These observations demonstrate that dI1 commissural neurons develop axonal projection to spinal MNs via collateral branches arising later from the post‐crossing segment of these axons. Our findings thus reveal a previously unrecognized projection of dI1 commissural axons that may contribute directly to generating proper motor output.
Title Low Protein Nitrogen Appearance as a Surrogate of Low Dietary Protein Intake Is Associated with Higher All-Cause Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients 123 Permalink

To determine the association between all-cause mortality and dietary protein intake in patients with chronic kidney disease, we performed a large-scale, 8-y prospective cohort study in 98,489 maintenance hemodialysis patients from a multicenter dialysis care provider. Compared with the reference level (60 to <70 g/d), low protein nitrogen appearance (PNA) levels [<30 g/d, HR: 1.40 (95% CI: 1.30, 1.50); 30 to <40 g/d, HR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.39)] was associated with higher all-cause mortality, and high PNA levels [$110 g/d, HR: 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97); 100 to <110 g/d, HR: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.91)] were associated with lower all-cause mortality in all analyses. This association was also found in subanalyses performed among racial and hypoalbuminemic groups. Hence, using PNA as a surrogate for protein intake, a low daily dietary protein intake is associated with increased risk of death in all hemodialysis patients. Whether the association between dietary protein intake and survival is causal or a consequence of anorexia secondary to protein-energy-wasting/inflammation or other factors should be explored in interventional trials. J. Nutr. 143: 1084–1092, 2013.
The Importance of Nidotherapy and Environmental Change in the Management of People with Complex Mental Disorders

Much has been done in the last 50 years to achieve a better understanding of the psychosocial causes and other factors influencing the manifestation of mental illness, but there has been a conspicuous omission. Although gross environmental deficiencies were exposed in old mental institutions, 70 years ago the more subtle maladaptive settings that reinforce chronicity in mental illness have often been forgotten. In this review, the potential of systematic environmental manipulation as a treatment (nidotherapy) and other similar forms of management, used many times in the past but now mainly in forensic settings, is examined. There is now accumulating evidence, reinforced by controlled trials, that planned environmental change, preferably carried out with the full cooperation of the patient, can be a major contributor to therapeutic benefit. It is also very cost-effective. All forms of the environment, physical, social and personal, can be addressed in making assessments, and once a planned way forward has been chosen, progress can be monitored by personnel with limited mental health experience. These interventions have applications in general mental health and occupational health services and deserve much wider use.
On the relationship between the geometrical control of scintillation indices and the data detrending problems observed at high latitudes

The experimental estimate of radio waves scintillation, caused by plasma density irregularities in the ionosphere, is usually attempted by means of scintillation indices which are essentially standard deviations of stochasticly fluctuating parts of the received radio wave intensity and phase. At high latitudes, provided that the propagation problem may be modelled by means of the weak scattering theory, the typical scintillation indices S4 and σφ de- pend on a geometrical factor which introduces some amplifications on their values. Scintillation indices S4 and σφ measured at auroral latitudes are estimated by means of different boundary detrending conditions and the geo- metrical effect on those detrending conditions is investigated. In the case of the polar Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite links considered here, high phase with low intensity scintillation events do not seem to be related to geo- metrical effects only, but rather to misleading data detrending.
Understanding the Costs of Consumer Durable Adjustments

This article examines whether adjustment frictions help account for the patterns of household consumption expenditures observed in the Consumer Expenditure Survey, namely, that the variance of log durable expenditure is four times larger than that of log nondurable expenditure for annual data and this gap substantially widens for quarterly data. Estimating a structural model of household consumption with nondurable and durable goods with the simulated method of moments, I find that the fixed costs associated with durable adjustments are important in matching the cross‐sectional moments. Using the estimated model, I also examine the response of nondurable and durable expenditures to income shocks.
Surveying Areas in Developing Regions Through Context Aware Drone Mobility

Developing regions are often characterized by large areas that are poorly reachable or explored. The mapping of these regions and the census of roaming populations in these areas are often difficult and sporadic. In this paper we put forward an approach to aid area surveying which relies on autonomous drone mobility. In particular we illustrate the two main components of the approach. An efficient on-device object detection component, built on Convolutional Neural Networks, capable of detecting human settlements and animals on the ground with acceptable performance (latency and accuracy) and a path planning component, informed by the object identification module, which exploits Artificial Potential Fields to dynamically adapt the flight in order to gather useful information of the environment, while keeping optimal flight paths. We report some initial performance results of the on board visual perception module and describe our experimental platform based on a fixed-wing aircraft.
Penile refracture: a preliminary report

ABSTRACT Objective: To report our institutional experience with penile refracture, including demographic data, recurrence time, etiology and operative findings in the first and second episodes. Materials and methods: Between January 1982 and September 2017, 281 patients underwent surgical treatment for penile fracture (PF) at our institution. Demographic data, clinical presentation, besides operative findings and follow-up of patients with relapsed PF were retrospectively assessed by reviewing medical records. Results: Of a total of 281 cases of PF operated at our institution, 3 (1.06%) patients experienced two episodes of trauma. Age ranged from 38 – 40 years (mean: 39.3). The recurrence time varied from 45 to 1560 days (mean: 705). Two patients presented the new fracture episode at the same site of the previous lesion, while in the other case the lesion was observed at another site. Conclusion: Recurrent FP is an extremely rare entity. The risk factors for its occurrence are still unknown. Although the lesion of the corpus cavernosum ipsilateral to the scar tissue of the prior FP is more common, contralateral rupture may be present. Nevertheless, prospective studies with larger samples should be conducted.
Effects of the Fe3+ spin transition on the equation of state of bridgmanite

We have investigated the equation of state of Fe‐bearing bridgmanite, (Mg0.9Fe0.1)SiO3, using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction in diamond anvil cells up to 125 GPa and 300 K. Combined with previous synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy results, we have found that the occurrence of the low‐spin Fe3+ in the octahedral sites (B site) of bridgmanite has produced a 0.5(±0.1)% reduction in the unit cell volume at 18–25 GPa and has increased the isothermal bulk modulus to 284(±4) GPa, consistent with recent theoretical calculations. Together with literature results, we note that the addition of Fe can cause an increase in the density, bulk modulus, and bulk sound velocity in both Al‐free and Al‐bearing bridgmanite at lower mantle pressures. The presence of Fe3+ in the B site of bridgmanite can further enhance this increase. The observed spin transition of B site Fe3+ in bridgmanite is thus important for understanding the density and velocity structures of the lower mantle.
Current management of adhesive small bowel obstruction

Small bowel obstruction is a common and significant surgical presentation. Approximately 30% of presentations will require surgery during admission. The great challenge of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) management is the early detection of silent intestinal ischaemia in patients initially deemed suitable for conservative therapy. Recent literature emphasizes the effectiveness of computed tomography enterography and water‐soluble contrast studies in the management of ASBO. Low‐volume undiluted water‐soluble contrast has been shown to have both triage and therapeutic value in the management of ASBO. Their use has been demonstrated to reduce the need for surgery to below 20%. There has also been growing interest in clinicoradiological algorithms which aim to predict ischaemia early in the course of presentation. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest evidence and clarify previous uncertainties, specifically regarding the duration of conservative treatment, timing of contrast studies and the reliability of predictive algorithms. Based on this latest evidence, we have formulated a management protocol which aims to integrate these latest developments and formalize a strategy for best management in ASBO.
Postoperative prophylactic antibiotics for facial fractures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgery for maxillofacial fractures is standard practice. However, the use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis remains controversial. This systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to evaluate the effect of postoperative antibiotic therapy on the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with maxillofacial fractures.
Use of Geometric Morphometrics to Differentiate Gila (Cyprinidae) within the Upper Colorado River Basin

Abstract Video images of 215 adult Gila robusta and 148 endangered Gila cypha were collected from May 1991–October 1992 at eight Colorado River basin localities (seven upper basins and one lower basin). The two species were sympatric at five of these locations; G. robusta was absent at one site, whereas G. cypha was missing at two others. Saggital views of each individual were videotaped and 25 morphological points (15 anatomical landmarks and 10 helping points) identified. Bookstein shape coordinates were calculated from Cartesian coordinates of these landmarks and points, whereas centroid size was used as a measure of body size. Shape differences were evaluated among populations of each species using MANOVA and canonical variates analysis. In G. cypha, variation encompassed three aspects: nuchal hump (most pronounced in Grand Canyon forms), relative head size (larger in Cataract Canyon forms), and caudal peduncle dimensions (shorter with a tapering depth in Cataract Canyon forms but longer and uniformly deeper in those from Desolation Canyon). Nuchal development in G. robusta is slight, hence only head and peduncle dimensions distinguished populations. Those individuals from Cataract Canyon had relatively shorter peduncles that (again) tapered in depth from anterior to posterior, whereas G. robusta from Desolation Canyon possessed peduncles that were much longer and of uniform depth. Specimens from Debeque and Rifle Canyons had proportionally smaller heads. Variation among all 13 populations (i.e., both species together) was evaluated using relative warp analysis, with G. cypha and G. robusta clearly separated at all sympatric locations except those from Desolation and Caratact Canyons. Here, body shapes of the two species converged. Overall, shape variation in both species is clinal. Although results from our geometric morphometric analysis were statistically similar to those based on distances derived from a truss analysis, the geometric approach visually demonstrated phenotypic differences among populations and species and this, in turn, has management implications.
Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide tension difference (CO2 gap) as a prognostic marker for adverse outcomes in emergency department patients presenting with suspected sepsis

The arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide tension difference (CO2 gap) correlates with physiologic dead space. The prognostic value of increased CO2 gap in trauma and respiratory distress patients is documented. Transpulmonary arteriovenous shunting is identified as a predictor of mortality in non‐pulmonary sepsis. We set out to investigate the prognostic value of the CO2 gap in a pilot study of patients with suspected sepsis from non‐respiratory causes.
A PTEN-Regulated Checkpoint Controls Surface Delivery of δ Opioid Receptors

The δ opioid receptor (δR) is a promising alternate target for pain management because δR agonists show decreased abuse potential compared with current opioid analgesics that target the μ opioid receptor. A critical limitation in developing δR as an analgesic target, however, is that δR agonists show relatively low efficacy in vivo, requiring the use of high doses that often cause adverse effects, such as convulsions. Here we tested whether intracellular retention of δR in sensory neurons contributes to this low δR agonist efficacy in vivo by limiting surface δR expression. Using direct visualization of δR trafficking and localization, we define a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-regulated checkpoint that retains δR in the Golgi and decreases surface delivery in rat and mice sensory neurons. PTEN inhibition releases δR from this checkpoint and stimulates delivery of exogenous and endogenous δR to the neuronal surface both in vitro and in vivo. PTEN inhibition in vivo increases the percentage of TG neurons expressing δR on the surface and allows efficient δR-mediated antihyperalgesia in mice. Together, we define a critical role for PTEN in regulating the surface delivery and bioavailability of the δR, explain the low efficacy of δR agonists in vivo, and provide evidence that active δR relocation is a viable strategy to increase δR antinociception. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioid analgesics, such as morphine, which target the μ opioid receptor (μR), have been the mainstay of pain management, but their use is highly limited by adverse effects and their variable efficacy in chronic pain. Identifying alternate analgesic targets is therefore of great significance. Although the δ opioid receptor (δR) is an attractive option, a critical limiting factor in developing δR as a target has been the low efficacy of δR agonists. Why δR agonists show low efficacy is still under debate. This study provides mechanistic and functional data that intracellular localization of δR in neurons is a key factor that contributes to low agonist efficacy, and presents a proof of mechanism that relocating δR improves efficacy.
Market Reaction to Bidder Announcements of Horizontal Mergers in an Oligopolistic Industry: Evidence from the US Airline Industry

Mergers among US domiciled airlines have increased in recent years. These mergers are attempts by airlines to assuage operational and financial challenges and to obtain actual or ostensible benefits, including efficiency and market power gains, and improve competitive position. This study investigates the market reaction to merger announcements by bidder firms in the US airline industry, an oligopolistic industry, during the period 1985–2013. Results of the analysis show significant positive reaction to the announcements. The findings suggest that the market perceives these merger transactions as value-relevant events for bidders. In addition, the findings are consistent with the semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis.
Analytical Assessment of TNF-Antagonist Early Effects on Psoriasis: In Vivo Real-time Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Skin Capacitance Mapping

Objective: Treatment options for moderate to severe skin psoriasis have considerably progressed over the past decades with the widespread use of targeted biologicals including Tumor Necrosis Factor antagonists (TNFa). Objective and reliable analytical assessments of the disease course and the treatment efficacy are eagerly awaited. Methods: To disclose initial therapeutic effects of the adalimumab TNFa in a group of 13 psoriatic patients. The analytical observations relied on two in vivo real-time non-invasive methods, namely Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) and skin capacitance mapping (SCM). The L* colorimetric assessment of pictures was used for analytical assessments.
Sound velocities of iron‐nickel and iron‐silicon alloys at high pressures

Understanding the alloying effects of nickel and light element(s) on the physical properties of iron under core conditions is crucial for interpreting and constraining geophysical and geochemical models. We have studied two alloys, Fe0.92Ni0. 08 and Fe0.85Si0. 15, with nuclear resonant inelastic x‐ray scattering up to 106 GPa and 70 GPa, respectively. The sound velocities of the alloys are obtained from the measured partial phonon density of states for 57Fe incorporated in the alloys. Addition of Ni slightly decreases the compression wave velocity and shear wave velocity of Fe under high pressures. Silicon alloyed with Fe increases the compressional wave velocity and shear wave velocity under high pressures, which provides a better match to seismological data of the Earth's core.