Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Arthroscopic treatment of type 2 superior labrum anterior posterior lesions].

OBJECTIVES We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for isolated type 2 superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions. METHODS Isolated type 2 SLAP lesions were treated with arthroscopic repair with suture anchors in eight patients (5 males, 3 females; mean age 48.5 years; range 27 to 60 years) with shoulder pain unresponsive to conservative treatment. The mean duration of symptoms was 18.6 months (range 2 to 48 months). Initial diagnoses were based on patients' complaints and findings of physical examination and radiologic imaging, and were confirmed at diagnostic arthroscopy. Two suture anchors were used in six patients. Patients were evaluated with physical examination, radiographs, and the UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) score. The mean follow-up was 30.8 months (range 14 to 48 months). RESULTS The mean preoperative and postoperative UCLA scores were 13.3 (range 10 to 18) and 30.8 (range 24 to 33), respectively (p<0.05). The results were good in seven patients (87.5%), and fair in one patient (12.5%). The mean preoperative active forward elevation was 136.3 degrees (range 90 degrees to 170 degrees), adduction-external rotation was 42.5 degrees (range 40 degrees to 60 degrees), and adduction-internal rotation was at T7 in three patients, and at L1 in five patients. At final follow-ups, the mean active forward flexion increased to 164.3 degrees (range 150 degrees to 170 degrees), adduction-external rotation was 40 degrees (range 30 degrees to 60 degrees), and adduction-internal rotation was at T7 in four patients, and at T12 in four patients. CONCLUSION The results of arthroscopic fixation of type 2 SLAP lesions with suture anchors are successful in the majority of patients, provided that an appropriate arthroscopic technique is performed to re-establish the stability of the biceps anchor.
Farm and slaughter survey of bovine tuberculosis in captive deer in Switzerland

In 1998, a survey was conducted by postal questionnaire to gather basic knowledge about the management, health and productivity of captive deer in Switzerland. In addition, lymph nodes were collected from slaughtered deer from 124 of the 262 holdings surveyed, and tested for Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The total farmed deer population was 8389 animals kept on 485 holdings; 87 per cent were fallow deer, 8 per cent red deer, 4 per cent sika deer, and there were small numbers of other species. The median herd sizes were 12 for fallow deer and eight for red deer. Few owners had handling facilities or crushes. In none of the lymph nodes examined were lesions typical of bovine tuberculosis observed, and neither M bovis nor M tuberculosis was cultivated from any of the samples.
Tensions and controversies regarding child labor in small-scale gold mining in Ghana

Abstract The recent resurgence in small-scale mining in Ghana has coincided with falling enrolments in schools, leading to public concerns about the participation of children and young people in mining work. The engagement of children and young people in gold mining is also perceived to diminish efforts to improve education, inviting abolitionist actions from the government. This has created tension between government and its functionaries on one hand and young workers and their families on the other. Drawing on qualitative research, this article explores controversies around young people’s involvement in small-scale mining and governments’ efforts to curtail it in Amansie West District, Ghana. We discuss the tensions between securing individual/household livelihoods and societal interest in reducing child labor. The study findings underscore not only the importance of work in the lives of young workers and their households but also its positive implications for educational pursuits as well as for future livelihood prospects. Whereas the abolitionist framework emphasizes children’s right to education, it fails to acknowledge that the income generated through work makes schooling possible for most children. We conclude that policies rooted in global ideologies of work-free childhoods are at odds with prevailing sociocultural and economic realities.
Increase of peripheral blood TCD8+ cells in women with recurrent miscarriage

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is one of the most prevalent reproductive problems faced by couples that may affect as many as 2% of women in reproductive age. The causes of its abnormality have attracted the attention of many researchers. We aim to determine the different T-cell subsets in women with RM and normal control. In this prospective case–control study, peripheral blood was taken from women with RM (n = 25) and normal women (n = 17), during the mid-luteal phase. The percentage of CD3, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ markers and also CD4/CD8 ratio was detected in the patients and control group by flow cytometry. The proportion of TCD8+ was significantly higher in RM women compared with the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in percentage of total TCD3+ and TCD4+ cells between the RM and control women. Also, the CD4/CD8 ratio was lower in the RM women compared with the control women. These observations support the concept that increase of TCD8+ lymphocytes could be involved in the aetiology of RM.
Diagnosis of allergy against beta-lactams in primary care : prevalence and diagnostic criteria

Background. Secondary care studies showed that a recorded allergy to beta-lactams could not be confirmed by valid allergy testing in >85% of cases. In daily practice, recorded beta-lactam allergies probably cause prescription of secondary choice antibiotics. This overrating of betalactam allergy hampers appropriate use of narrow spectrum antibiotic and generates unnecessary cost and bacterial resistance. Objective. To assess registration and over diagnosis of allergies against beta-lactams in Dutch primary care. Methods. A retrospective cohort study in 8288 primary care subjects was performed. Patients with recorded allergy were identified through International Classification for Primary Care coding. Signs and symptoms of the recorded allergic reaction and patient’s characteristics were extracted from patient’s files and patients were sent a questionnaire. The probability of allergy was based on a composite reference standard that was scored by two authors independently. Results. One hundred sixty-three subjects had a recorded allergy (2.0%). In 51.5% of cases, no characteristics of the recorded allergic reaction were reported in patients’ medical files. Based on our composite reference standard, allergy was excluded in 19 subjects (11.7%). Risk factors for allergy registration were female gender, age <4 years, and the comorbidities—asthma, allergies and skin disorders. Conclusions. The prevalence of recorded allergy against beta-lactam antibiotics in a large Dutch primary care centre was 2%. Due to lack of registration of accompanying signs and symptoms of the recorded allergy, this diagnosis is uncertain in most patients. Better documentation and classification by a screening algorithm of future possible allergic reactions to beta-lactams are needed in primary care.
Osteogenic enrichment of bone-marrow stromal cells with the use of flow chamber and type I collagen-coated surface.

The stromal cells of the bone marrow are able to attach to the surface and differentiate into cells with bone-forming capability when stimulated with osteogenic supplements. In this study, we have employed a flow-chamber device containing a collagen-coated surface to enrich the potential osteoprogenitor cells from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The population of the cells attached to the collagen-coated substratum is about twice that attached to the uncoated surface. In the flow chamber, almost all marrow cells attached on the untreated glass were flushed out at the shear stress of 1.10 dyne/cm(2). On the other hand, 25% of the marrow cells remained attached to the collagen-coated glass, even under the shear stress of 1.30 dyne/cm(2). The collagen-attached marrow cells exhibited similar, specific alkaline phosphatase activity compared with that of the cells attached to the uncoated dish in the early stage of culturing. Nevertheless, only the collagen-attached marrow cells later expressed significant amounts of osteocalcin, which is a specific marker for osteoblast cells. Thus, we have successfully developed a protocol that uses a collagen-coated surface efficiently in a flow chamber to enrich the osteogenic cells from the BMSCs. This provides a useful tool to obtain osteogenic cells from bone marrow for biologic and clinical applications.
Sphingobium barthaii sp. nov., a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from cattle pasture soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KK22(T), was isolated from a microbial consortium that grew on diesel fuel originally recovered from cattle pasture soil. Strain KK22(T) has been studied for its ability to biotransform high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KK22(T) was affiliated with the genus Sphingobium in the phylum Proteobacteria and was most closely related to Sphingobium fuliginis TKP(T) (99.8%) and less closely related to Sphingobium quisquiliarum P25(T) (97.5%). Results of DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) revealed relatedness values between strain KK22(T) and strain TKP(T) and between strain KK22(T) and strain P25(T) of 21 ± 4% (reciprocal hybridization, 27 ± 2%) and 15 ± 2% (reciprocal hybridization, 17 ± 1%), respectively. Chemotaxonomic analyses of strain KK22(T) showed that the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, that the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethylethanolamine and sphingoglycolipid, and that C18 : 1ω7c and C14 : 0 2-OH were the main fatty acid and hydroxylated fatty acids, respectively. This strain was unable to reduce nitrate and the genomic DNA G+C content was 64.7 mol%. Based upon the results of the DDH analyses, the fact that strain KK22(T) was motile, and its biochemical and physiological characteristics, strain KK22(T) could be separated from recognized species of the genus Sphingobium. We conclude that strain KK22(T) represents a novel species of this genus for which the name Sphingobium barthaii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is KK22(T) ( = DSM 29313(T) = JCM 30309(T)).
Recent advances in physiological calcium homeostasis

Abstract A constant extracellular Ca2+ concentration is required for numerous physiological functions at tissue and cellular levels. This suggests that minor changes in Ca2+ will be corrected by appropriate homeostatic systems. The system regulating Ca2+ homeostasis involves several organs and hormones. The former are mainly the kidneys, skeleton, intestine and the parathyroid glands. The latter comprise, amongst others, the parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and calcitonin. Progress has recently been made in the identification and characterisation of Ca2+ transport proteins CaT1 and ECaC and this has provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ transport in cells. The G-protein coupled calcium-sensing receptor, responsible for the exquisite ability of the parathyroid gland to respond to small changes in serum Ca2+ concentration was discovered about a decade ago. Research has focussed on the molecular mechanisms determining the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, and on the transcriptional activity of the vitamin D receptor. The aim of recent work has been to elucidate the mechanisms and the intracellular signalling pathways by which parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and calcitonin affect Ca2+ homeostasis. This article summarises recent advances in the understanding and the molecular basis of physiological Ca2+ homeostasis.
Bolivia’s Institutional Transformation: Contact Zones, Social Movements, and the Emergence of an Ethnic Class Consciousness

Abstract: Over the past two decades, development economics has experienced a shift in focus from standard neoclassical analysis to institutions. While studying economic institutions is indeed important, evaluating their transformation and embeddedness is equally crucial for understanding and improving human wellbeing, especially in countries where market institutions are not fully developed. With that perspective in mind, we consider the importance of culture in the evolution of institutions in Bolivia by combining the concept of contact zones with old institutional economics (OIE). Contact zones refer to daily interactions in social spaces where culture and class meet and negotiate with each other. The contact zone between Bolivians and post-WWII development policies surfaced as an Andean collective memory, allowing for a possibility of social and political autonomy through the creation of an alternative to development, El Buen Vivir.
Dysfunction of response inhibition in eating disorders

ABSTRACT Introduction: Response inhibition in eating disorders (ED) has been studied using methods such as Go/No-go tasks and cognitive conflict tasks, but the results have been inconsistent with regard to the presence or absence of impaired response inhibition in ED. This may be due to variation across the studies in the characteristics of the tasks and in the degree of underweight of ED participants. Method: We investigated the presence or absence of impaired response inhibition in an ED patient group, including many severe cases (body mass index <15 kg/m2), by comparing the interference effect of ED patients and healthy participants with an arrow–space interference task as the cognitive conflict task. Results: There was a significant interference effect on response time in healthy participants and ED patients, with no significant intergroup difference in response times. However, the interference effect on error rate was significantly greater in ED patients than healthy participants. There was no significant difference in this trend across different ED subtypes (restricting type anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa, and eating disorder not otherwise specified). Conclusions: Attentional control such as focused attention and sustained attention are preserved in ED patients, but there appears to be dysfunction of response inhibition. This might be the basis of poor impulse control in the eating behavior of ED patients.
Public Sector Restructuring and the Re‐Regulation of Industrial Relations: The Three‐Decade Project of Privatisation, Liberalisation and Marketisation in Royal Mail

The British postal service, Royal Mail, was privatised in 2013, following failed attempts at divestiture in 1994 and 2009. This article analyses processes of marketisation, liberalisation and privatisation, highlighting how strong workplace-centred union presence allowed for considerable influence and bargaining gains within such highly sensitive political projects of restructuring.
Information, Opinion, or Rumor? The Role of Twitter During the Post-Electoral Crisis in Côte d’Ivoire

On the African continent, the use of Internet and social media has been growing at an incredible speed in the past decade. Social media have thus been used in an array of instances such as election periods, natural disasters, and political crises. However, previous research on social media has barely taken a look at the use of social media during war. By investigating on the use of Twitter during the post electoral crisis in Côte d’Ivoire in 2010/2011, this study wants to emphasize the potential of social media for the development of democracy in the context of crisis, war, and limited media freedom. Through a content analysis of Twitter and qualitative expert interviews with Ivoirian bloggers, this study found that Twitter was mainly used for political debate and crowdsourcing information. The crisis turning over to a civil war, the network was used in particular by a small group of active citizens and bloggers, operating as technically versed opinion leaders, to provide humanitarian help for the population caught in the crisis. Results further showed that mobile devices played a crucial role for the use of Twitter within the country and indicated that the post electoral crisis considerably contributed to the discovery of Twitter in Côte d’Ivoire. A central finding is that Twitter, on the one hand, was used for diffusing false information and expressing verbal violence and, on the other hand, it served to verify information and throwback rumors.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut biopsy adds significant information to EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in selected patients: A prospective study

Objective. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) has recently emerged as a method that seeks to overcome the limitations of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) by providing a core-tissue specimen needed to increase the yield and accuracy of the diagnosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether EUS-TCB adds any information to EUS-FNA in selected patients and to assess the diagnostic yield, overall accuracy and complications of EUS-TCB as compared with EUS-FNA. Material and methods. The study prospectively included 30 patients who had undergone both procedures. Results. The yield of adequate tissue harvesting was similar for EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB (96.4% versus 89.3%, p=NS), with the same number of passes done. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA was also similar to that of EUS-TCB for the diagnosis of malignant mediastinal masses (73.7% versus 68.4%, p=NS). However, the accuracy for obtaining a specific diagnosis was significantly lower for EUS-FNA compared with EUS-TCB (5.3% and 68.4%, p<0.005). EUS-TCB did not appear to help as a rescue procedure in mediastinal tumours, after a false negative result of EUS-FNA. All cases of submucosal tumours were correctly classified by EUS-TCB as gastrointestinal stromal cell tumours (GISTs) or leiomyomas, while EUS-FNA raised only a suspicion of mesenchymal tumour. Conclusions. EUS-TCB was certainly useful when immunohistochemistry was needed, for example in submucosal tumours and lymphoma, as well as to confirm and characterize the primary or metastatic origin of mediastinal masses. The information provided by EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB is complementary, especially in selected cases where a complete histological diagnosis has an important impact on the clinical management.
Effect of Growth Hormone Treatment on Fractures and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study.

CONTEXT Growth hormone (GH) treatment increases bone mineral density (BMD) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE The objective was to report bone data, fractures, and quality of life (QoL) in a 10-year follow-up of women who had received GH for 3 years and compared with controls followed in parallel. DESIGN AND SETTING A follow-up of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at Sahlgrenska University Hospital was performed. PATIENTS Eighty women aged between 50 and 70 years with osteoporosis and estrogen hormone replacement were studied and compared with an age-matched random population sample of women (n = 120) from the World Health Organization Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease project (Gothenburg, Sweden). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to GH 1.0 U or GH 2.5 U recombinant human GH or placebo sc daily during 3 years. All received calcium 750 mg and vitamin D 400 U and were followed up during 10 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BMD and bone mineral content were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. QoL was estimated with the 36-item Short Form. RESULTS GH increased BMD and bone mineral content dose dependently in all regions (P = .01, GH 1.0 U, and P = .0006, GH 2.5 U vs placebo). After 10 years the number of fractures decreased from 56% to 28% (P = .0003) in patients evenly distributed between groups. In controls, fractures increased from 8% to 32% (P = .0008). QoL did not change during GH treatment or during the 10-year follow-up and did not differ compared with controls. CONCLUSION GH treatment was beneficial for bone and fracture outcome after 10 years but did not affect the QoL of the women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
The German Productivity Paradox - Facts and Explanations

Despite massive digitization efforts, the German economy has experienced a marked slowdown in its productivity growth. This paper analyzes the reasons behind this disconcerting development. A major factor is the turnaround of the labor market that commenced around 2005. The successful integration of five million predominantly low-productivity workers into the labor market induced an attenuating effect on productivity growth. This does not explain the slowdown entirely, however. As a potentially important countervailing force, technological advances associated with digitization would have had the potential to lift productivity growth more strongly, but they frequently translated into employment growth instead.
Genetic population structure of Gyrodactylus thymalli (Monogenea) in a large Norwegian river system

SUMMARY The extent of geographic genetic variation is the result of several processes such as mutation, gene flow, selection and drift. Processes that structure the populations of parasite species are often directly linked to the processes that influence the host. Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus thymalli Žitňan, 1960 (Monogenea) collected from grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) throughout the river Glomma, the largest watercourse in Norway. Parts of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase subunit 5 (NADH 5) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes from 309 G. thymalli were analysed to study the genetic variation and investigated the geographical distribution of parasite haplotypes. Three main clusters of haplotypes dominated the three distinct geographic parts of the river system; one cluster dominated in the western main stem of the river, one in the eastern and one in the lower part. There was a positive correlation between pairwise genetic distance and hydrographic distance. The results indicate restricted gene flow between sub-populations of G. thymalli, most likely due to barriers that limit upstream migration of infected grayling. More than 80% of the populations had private haplotypes, also indicating long-time isolation of sub-populations. According to a molecular clock calibration, much of the haplotype diversity of G. thymalli in the river Glomma has developed after the last glaciation.
Partial silicides technology for tunable work function electrodes on high-k gate dielectrics - Fermi level pinning controlled PtSi/sub x/ for HfO/sub x/ (N) pMOSFET

We investigate an origin of the Fermi-level pinning at the gate electrode/HfO/sub x/(N) interface, and propose a new technology for tuning the work function with a partial silicidation of Pt on HfO/sub x/ (N). It is clearly shown that the effective work functions (/spl Phi/ /sub m,eff/) of fully silicided (FUSI) NiSi and PtSi on HfO/sub x/(N) are rigidly fixed due to the Fermi-level pinning, and that the impurity doping does not help changing /spl Phi/ /sub m,eff/ at all. The large flatband voltage (VFB) shifts of FUSI PtSi MOSFETs have been observed irrespective of Si deposition processes. On the basis of these new findings, nMOSFET with pinned n+poly-Si and pMOSFET with partially pinned PtSi on HfO/sub x/ (N) for a balanced CMOS have been proposed, and both of them have shown good electrical properties. Furthermore, it is experimentally discussed that the control of the Si atom content at the PtSi/sub x//HfO/sub 2/ interface is a key factor to relax the pinning effect. The partial silicidation technology will be a most feasible method for advanced metal gate CMOS.