Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Transcriptional Coregulator LEUNIG_HOMOLOG Inhibits Light-Dependent Seed Germination in Arabidopsis

LEUNIG_HOMOLOG interacts with the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 and acts as a transcriptional coregulator to inhibit light-dependent seed germination in Arabidopsis. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that inhibits light-dependent seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it remains unclear whether PIF1 requires other factors to regulate its direct targets. Here, we demonstrate that LEUNIG_HOMOLOG (LUH), a Groucho family transcriptional corepressor, binds to PIF1 and coregulates its targets. Not only are the transcriptional profiles of the luh and pif1 mutants remarkably similar, more than 80% of the seeds of both genotypes germinate in the dark. We show by chromatin immunoprecipitation that LUH binds a subset of PIF1 targets in a partially PIF1-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, we found LUH binds and coregulates not only PIF1-activated targets but also PIF1-repressed targets. Together, our results indicate LUH functions with PIF1 as a transcriptional coregulator to inhibit seed germination.
ORIGIN OF PERITONEAL FLUID IN WOMEN: AN OVARIAN EXUDATION PRODUCT

The volume of peritoneal fluid was measured after laparoscopic aspiration in 303 women. Contamination with blood was estimated at 4.2 per cent by haemoglobin assay. In 120 women with regular menstrual cycles, the volume of peritoneal fluid increased progressively during the follicular phase, was highest during the early luteal phase (20.0±6.3 ml) and declined thereafter. In 89 women with moderate and mild endometriosis the amounts of peritoneal fluid were similar, but 9 women with severe endometriosis had lower (P<0.05) volumes during the luteal phase. Women with inactive ovaries had uniformly low amounts of peritoneal fluid: 4.2±2.3 ml in 31 women taking combined oral contraceptive pills; 4.7±5.8 ml in 17 women taking 5 mg of lynoestrenol daily and 1.2±1.9 ml in 20 postmenopausal women with an inactive endometrium. In contrast, two postmenopausal women with proliferative endometrium had 7 and 10 ml of peritoneal fluid. Women with active ovaries, 5 with absent or distally occluded Fallopian tubes and 7 without a uterus had normal amounts of peritoneal fluid. The volume of peritoneal fluid was not affected by pelvic varicose veins, a visible corpus luteum or an ovulation stigma. Peritoneal fluid appears to be predominantly an ovarian exudate, neither an exudate from the pelvic peritoneum nor a tubal secretion.
Genome Reduction Uncovers a Large Dispensable Genome and Adaptive Role for Copy Number Variation in Asexually Propagated Solanum tuberosum[OPEN]

Asexually propagated potato shows greater copy number variation compared with sexually propagated plant species, with a strong connection to environmental response pathways. Clonally reproducing plants have the potential to bear a significantly greater mutational load than sexually reproducing species. To investigate this possibility, we examined the breadth of genome-wide structural variation in a panel of monoploid/doubled monoploid clones generated from native populations of diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum), a highly heterozygous asexually propagated plant. As rare instances of purely homozygous clones, they provided an ideal set for determining the degree of structural variation tolerated by this species and deriving its minimal gene complement. Extensive copy number variation (CNV) was uncovered, impacting 219.8 Mb (30.2%) of the potato genome with nearly 30% of genes subject to at least partial duplication or deletion, revealing the highly heterogeneous nature of the potato genome. Dispensable genes (>7000) were associated with limited transcription and/or a recent evolutionary history, with lower deletion frequency observed in genes conserved across angiosperms. Association of CNV with plant adaptation was highlighted by enrichment in gene clusters encoding functions for environmental stress response, with gene duplication playing a part in species-specific expansions of stress-related gene families. This study revealed unique impacts of CNV in a species with asexual reproductive habits and how CNV may drive adaption through evolution of key stress pathways.
Service provision for people with dementia in rural Scotland

The provision of health and social care services to people with dementia and their carers living in remote and rural areas has been neglected globally. Meeting the needs of people with dementia poses many challenges for service providers. Such challenges may be compounded by the difficulties of providing and accessing services in rural areas.This article explores the views of Scottish service providers drawn from the voluntary, statutory and private sectors. Our findings highlight the difficulties relating to dementia and rurality faced by service providers in Scotland. We also consider innovative measures reported by service providers. Such measures indicate that not only can the distinct challenges of dementia service provision be overcome, but also challenges posed by providing services to people with dementia and their carers in rural and remote areas.These findings extend the literature on rural dementia service provision.The article concludes with a consideration of the practice and policy implications of providing dementia services in remote and rural Scotland.
Re: Hepatitis C virus infection in end‐stage renal disease and kidney transplantation

Dear Sirs, We read with great interest the review article titled ‘Hepatitis C virus infection in end-stage renal disease and kidney transplantation’ [1]. While this review was quite comprehensive, it failed to address the controversial topic of transplantation options in well-compensated HCV cirrhotics on dialysis. The experience with well-compensated HCV cirrhotics at Einstein Medical Center was recently accepted for publication. We concurred with a previous report indicating that the presence of cirrhosis in HCV-positive patients is not a significant variable affecting either graft or patient survival [2]. In our study, we compared 18 well-compensated HCV cirrhotics versus 103 HCV-positive noncirrhotics. Oneand 3-year patient and death-censored graft survivals were not statistically significantly different. Most of the demographics and other outcome measures were similar. We did note, however, that cancer was statistically more significant in the cirrhotic group. We attributed this to a high number of patients who had undergone previous liver or kidney transplantation. We understand that this is an extremely controversial topic not clearly addressed in the KDIGO guidelines. Additionally, a survey we published indicated an extremely varied approach from different physicians [3]. In summary, kidney transplantation options in wellcompensated cirrhotics are understudied. We hope that this letter may lead to more sophisticated analyses which will benefit potential recipients and minimize organ wastage.
Microwave-assisted extraction of glucosinolates from Eruca sativa seeds and soil: comparison with existing methods.

INTRODUCTION Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites that are abundant in brassicas and their hydrolysis products, isothiocyanates, are toxic to soil pathogens. Efficiency and extraction time are critical for routine analysis of GSLs in plant tissues. Robust analytical procedures are required for the extraction of GSL from soil. OBJECTIVE Development and optimisation of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method for the recovery of GSL from plant tissues and soil and comparison of its efficiency with other established extraction methods. METHODOLOGY Solvents, temperature, microwave power and extraction time were examined as parameters controlling MAE efficiency. In rocket seeds the efficiency of MAE was determined through recovery of GSLs from seeds and of sinigrin (1) that was used as internal standard. MAE was then compared with the certified ISO-9167 method and an ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). MAE was also applied for the extraction of GSLs from soils fortified with 1 at three fortification levels. The efficiency of MAE was compared with a recently proposed agitation-filtration (AGIT) extraction method. RESULTS The optimum conditions identified for extraction of GSLs from seeds were: methanol extraction at 250 W and 80 degrees C for 10 min. MAE and ISO methods showed comparable efficiencies and higher than UAE. In soil, both methods resulted in nearly 100% recovery of 1 at all fortification levels, although MAE achieved this recovery after a single extraction step compared with AGIT, which required two. CONCLUSIONS The MAE developed is a simple and rapid method for the extraction of GSLs from plant tissues and soil that can be applied to a large number of samples, thus reducing the time of analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychiatric disorder and the perpetration of partner violence

Backgrounds. The extent to which psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk of violence to partners is unclear. This review aimed to establish risk of violence against partners among men and women with diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Methods. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of eleven electronic databases were supplemented by hand searching, reference screening and citation tracking of included articles, and expert recommendations. Results. Seventeen studies were included, reporting on 72 585 participants, but only three reported on past year violence. Pooled risk estimates could not be calculated for past year violence against a partner and the three studies did not consistently report increased risk for any diagnosis. Pooled estimates showed an increased risk of having ever been physically violent towards a partner among men with depression (odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.5–3.3), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.3–4.4) and panic disorder (OR 2.5, 95% CI C% 1.7–3.6). Increased risk was also found among women with depression (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.1–2.8), GAD (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9–3.0) and panic disorder (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.5). Conclusions. Psychiatric disorders are associated with high prevalence and increased odds of having ever been physically violent against a partner. As history of violence is a predictor of current violence, mental health professionals should ask about previous partner violence when assessing risk.
A comparative analysis of role attainment and impairment in binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Background. Cross-national population data from the WHO World Mental Health surveys are used to compare role attainments and role impairments associated with binge-eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Methods. Community surveys assessed 23 000 adults across 12 countries for BED, BN and ten other DSM-IV mental disorders using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Age-of-onset was assessed retrospectively. Ten physical disorders were assessed using standard conditions checklists. Analyses examined reciprocal time-lagged associations of eating disorders (EDs) with education, associations of early-onset (i.e., prior to completing education) EDs with subsequent adult role attainments and cross-sectional associations of current EDs with days of role impairment. Results. BED and BN predicted significantly increased education (females). Student status predicted increased risk of subsequent BED and BN (females). Early-onset BED predicted reduced odds of current (at time of interview) marriage (females) and reduced odds of current employment (males). Early-onset BN predicted increased odds of current work disability (females and males). Current BED and BN were both associated with significantly increased days of role impairment (females and males). Significant BED and BN effects on adult role attainments and impairments were explained by controls for comorbid disorders. Conclusions. Effects of BED on role attainments and impairments are comparable with those of BN. The most plausible interpretation of the fact that these associations are explained by comorbid disorders is that causal effects of EDs are mediated through secondary disorders. Controlled treatment effectiveness studies are needed to trace out long-term effects of BED–BN on secondary disorders.
Is the use of accurate psychiatric labels associated with intentions and beliefs about responses to mental illness in a friend? Findings from two national surveys of Australian youth

Aims. An inherent prerequisite to mental health first-aid (MHFA) is the ability to identify that there is a mental health problem, but little is known about the association between psychiatric labelling and MHFA. This study examined this association using data from two national surveys of Australian young people. Methods. This study involved a national telephonic survey of 3746 Australian youth aged 12–25 years in 2006, and a similar survey in 2011 with 3021 youth aged 15–25 years. In both surveys, respondents were presented with a vignette portraying depression, psychosis or social phobia in a young person. The 2011 survey also included depression with suicidal thoughts and post-traumatic stress disorder. Respondents were asked what they thought was wrong with the person, and reported on their first-aid intentions and beliefs, which were scored for quality of the responses. Results. Accurate labelling of the mental disorder was associated with more helpful first-aid intentions and beliefs across vignettes, except for the intention to listen non-judgementally in the psychosis vignette. Conclusions. Findings suggest that community education programmes that improve accurate psychiatric label use may have the potential to improve the first-aid responses young people provide to their peers, although caution is required in the case of psychosis.
Validated method for the quantification of atractylenolide III in different processed products of rhizoma Atractylodes Macrocephalae.

INTRODUCTION Rhizoma Atractylodes Macrocephalae (RAM) contains several sesquiterpene compounds including atractylenolide III (AO-III). This bioactive compound may be used as a chemical marker for the quality control of different processed RAM products. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of AO-III in RAM and in a variety of processed RAM products. METHODOLOGY HPLC was carried out using a Kromssil C(18) RP-column eluted with methanol-water (70:30) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 220 nm. Full validation was performed using standard methods. RESULTS The linear range of AO-III was 5-50 µg/mL; the regression equation was y = 10210x + 11194 (r = 0.9994) and the average recovery was 101.08% (RSD = 0.98%). The detection and quantification limits for AO-III were determined to be 0.005 and 0.018 µg/mL at signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 3:1 and 10:1, respectively. CONCLUSION The described HPLC method is appropriate for quality assurance and differentiation of AO-III in RAM and different processed products.
Total extract of Beta vulgaris var. cicla seeds versus its purified phenolic components: antioxidant activities and antiproliferative effects against colon cancer cells.

INTRODUCTION Beta vulgaris var. cicla (BV) leaves contain chemopreventive compounds that have been investigated for new drug discovery. These compounds belong to the family of the apigenin-glycosides. Since the leaves are seasonal products containing high percentages of water, they are easily degradable during storage in fresh conditions. To be stored they require a drying process, consuming time and a large amount of energy. The extraction of apigenin-glycosides may also be conveniently performed from BV seeds, which represent a stable and year-long available biomass. OBJECTIVES The present report was undertaken to find a strategy of purification of bioactive flavonoids from BV seeds and test their ability to inhibit proliferation both on human colon cancer (RKO) cells and normal human fibroblasts (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethyl-acetate extract of BV seeds was fractionated on a Sephadex LH 20 column. A fraction of this extract, labeled as P4, exploited a marked antiproliferative activity on RKO cells. The components of P4 were purified on an RP₁₈ column chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-MS as 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, xylosylvitexin, glucopyranosyl-glucopyrasyl-rhamnetin and glucopyranosyl-xylosyl-rhamnetin. All of them were tested for cytostatic and cytotoxic activity on RKO and HF cells. RESULTS Xylosylvitexin exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity on RKO cells, together with an enhancement of the apoptosis, an increase of cells in the G₁ phase and a reduction of cells in the S phase; on the contrary, the proliferation of HF was significantly stimulated. CONCLUSION Xylosylvitexin is the main and more efficient chemopreventive compound in BV seeds, but the natural cocktail of molecules, represented by P4 fraction, showed a better compromise between the antiproliferative activity on RKO cells and the enhancement of HF proliferation.
Basal ganglia anatomy and schizophrenia: the role of antipsychotic treatment

Progressive enlargement of basal ganglia volume has been observed in schizophrenia individuals, potentially being sustained by chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs. Here we briefly summarise the state of the art of the role of antipsychotic in leading to increased basal ganglia in schizophrenia, particularly focusing on the caudate nucleus.
Identification of 2″-galloylated flavonol 3-o-glycosides accumulating in developing leaves of persimmon.

INTRODUCTION Dried leaves of persimmon, traditionally consumed as a herbal tea in Japan, contain bioactive galloylated flavonol glycosides. Investigation of the seasonal compositional changes in these compounds is important for determining the optimum harvest time. OBJECTIVE The three objectives were: (1) to elucidate the compositional changes of the flavonol glycosides in persimmon leaves collected in different seasons; (2) to develop an efficient method for separation of the constituents; and (3) to compare their antioxidant activities. METHODOLOGY Fresh persimmon leaves were collected at different growth stages in 2007 and 2008 in Niigata, Japan. Total flavonols were extracted with 70% aqueous acetone followed by ethyl acetate partitioning, and were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Enzymatic transformation and chromatographic fractionation was performed to isolate the individual flavonols. Two antioxidant assays were performed. RESULTS Four nongalloylated flavonol glycosides were detected at the leaf-shooting stage, and four additional galloylated flavonol glycosides accumulated during leaf development, resulting in a total of eight constituents. Isolation of nongalloylated and galloylated constituents was successfully achieved through enzymatic transformation of the flavonol mixture using combinations of tannase, β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase, followed by chromatographic fractionation. The gallates were identified as regiospecific 2″-galloylated galactosides and glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin. A mixture of 2″-galloylated flavonol glycosides had a two-fold stronger antioxidant activity than the nongalloylated mixture. CONCLUSION This study showed that four 2″-galloylated flavonol glycosides had accumulated in developing leaves of persimmon by the end of May through a rapid 2″-galloylation of the corresponding nongalloylated flavonol glycosides.
Exploiting the Genetic Diversity of Maize Using a Combined Metabolomic, Enzyme Activity Profiling, and Metabolic Modeling Approach to Link Leaf Physiology to Kernel Yield

A metabolomic, biochemical, fluxomic, and metabolic modeling approach developed using 19 genetically distant maize lines links leaf physiology to kernel yield. A combined metabolomic, biochemical, fluxomic, and metabolic modeling approach was developed using 19 genetically distant maize (Zea mays) lines from Europe and America. Considerable differences were detected between the lines when leaf metabolic profiles and activities of the main enzymes involved in primary metabolism were compared. During grain filling, the leaf metabolic composition appeared to be a reliable marker, allowing a classification matching the genetic diversity of the lines. During the same period, there was a significant correlation between the genetic distance of the lines and the activities of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, notably glycolysis. Although large differences were observed in terms of leaf metabolic fluxes, these variations were not tightly linked to the genome structure of the lines. Both correlation studies and metabolic network analyses allowed the description of a maize ideotype with a high grain yield potential. Such an ideotype is characterized by low accumulation of soluble amino acids and carbohydrates in the leaves and high activity of enzymes involved in the C4 photosynthetic pathway and in the biosynthesis of amino acids derived from glutamate. Chlorogenates appear to be important markers that can be used to select for maize lines that produce larger kernels.
Rapid isolation and purification of inotodiol and trametenolic acid from Inonotus obliquus by high-speed counter-current chromatography with evaporative light scatting detection.

INTRODUCTION In Eastern Europe, especially Russia, the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus has been used as a folk medicine for cancer since the sixteenth or seventeenth century. Inotodiol and trametenolic acid are considered to be the main bioactive compounds of the fruiting body of the mushroom. These compounds show various biological activities, including anti-tumour, anti-viral, hypoglycaemic, anti-oxidant and cyto-protective. However, effective methods for isolating and purifying inotodiol and trametenolic acid from the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus are not currently available. OBJECTIVE To develop a suitable preparative method in order to isolate inotodiol and trametenolic acid from a complex Inonotus obliquus extract by preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). METHODOLOGY Inotodiol and trametenolic acid were rapidly isolated and purified from the chloroform extract of Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) by HSCCC with evaporative light scatting detection (ELSD). The purity of the obtained target compounds was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ELSD. The structures of the two compounds were identified by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. RESULT The target compounds were finally isolated and purified with a solvent system of hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (1:0.4:1:0.4, v/v/v/v). In a single operation, 100 mg of the I. obliquus extracts yielded 13.0 mg of inotodiol and 7.0 mg of trametenolic acid. The entire separation and purification process took less than 5 h. The purities of obtained inotodiol and trametenolic acid were 97.51 and 94.04%, respectively. CONCLUSION HSCCC-ELSD was an efficient and rapid method for the separation and purification of inotodiol and trametenolic acid from I. obliquus.