Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Polarized Emission from the One-parsec-scale Hotspot of 3C 84 as a Result of the Interaction with the Clumpy Ambient Medium

We present Very Long Baseline Array polarimetric observations of the innermost jet of 3C 84 (NGC 1275) at 43 GHz. A significant polarized emission is detected at the hotspot of the innermost restarted jet, which is located 1 pc south from the radio core. While the previous report presented a hotspot at the southern end of the western limb, the hotspot location has been moved to the southern end of the eastern limb. Faraday rotation is detected within an entire bandwidth of the 43 GHz band. The measured rotation measure (RM) is at most (6.3 ± 1.9) × 105 rad m−2 and might be slightly time variable on the timescale of a month by a factor of a few. Our measured RM and the RM previously reported by the CARMA and SMA observations cannot be consistently explained by the spherical accretion flow with a power-law profile. We propose that a clumpy/inhomogeneous ambient medium is responsible for the observed RM. Using an equipartition magnetic field, we derive the electron density of 2 × 104 cm−3. Such an electron density is consistent with the cloud of the narrow line emission region around the central engine. We also discuss the magnetic field configuration from the black hole scale to the parsec scale and the origin of low polarization.
A pr 2 01 8 Non-expanding Plebański – Demiański spacetimes

The aim of this work is to describe the complete family of non-expanding Plebański– Demiański type D space-times and to present their possible interpretation. We explicitly express the most general form of such (electro)vacuum solutions with any cosmological constant, and we investigate the geometrical and physical meaning of the seven parameters they contain. We present various metric forms, and by analyzing the corresponding coordinates in the weak-field limit we elucidate the global structure of these space-times, such as the character of possible singularities. We also demonstrate that members of this family can be understood as generalizations of classic B-metrics. In particular, the BI-metric represents an external gravitational field of a tachyonic (superluminal) source, complementary to the AI-metric which is the well-known Schwarzschild solution for exact gravitational field of a static (standing) source. E–mail: podolsky(at)mbox.troja. mff.cuni. cz E–mail: HruskaOndrej(at)seznam.cz E–mail: j.b. griffiths(at)icloud.com
Intraseasonal and Interdecadal Jet Shifts in the Northern Hemisphere: The Role of Warm Pool Tropical Convection and Sea Ice

AbstractThis study uses cluster analysis to investigate the interdecadal poleward shift of the subtropical and eddy-driven jets and its relationship to intraseasonal teleconnections. For this purpose, self-organizing map (SOM) analysis is applied to the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) zonal-mean zonal wind. The resulting SOM patterns have time scales of 4.8–5.7 days and undergo notable interdecadal trends in their frequency of occurrence. The sum of these trends closely resembles the observed interdecadal trend of the subtropical and eddy-driven jets, indicating that much of the interdecadal climate forcing is manifested through changes in the frequency of intraseasonal teleconnection patterns.Two classes of jet cluster patterns are identified. The first class of SOM pattern is preceded by anomalies in convection over the warm pool followed by changes in the poleward wave activity flux. The second class of patterns is preceded by sea ice and stratospheric polar vortex anomalies; when the Arctic se.
A revision of the striatella species group of the genus Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

A taxonomic revision of species of the striatella group, including descriptions of three new species from Mexico, Nicaragua and Costa Rica is presented. To date we recognize 6 species in this group: Rhagoletis striatella, R. jamaicensis, R. macquartii, R. triangularis n. sp. , R. nicaraguensis n. sp. , and R. solanophaga n. sp. Information and records about their distribution, known host plants, and morphological relationships among the species are discussed. A key to the species within the group is presented.
A Variable Neighborhood MOEA/D for Multiobjective Test Task Scheduling Problem

Test task scheduling problem (TTSP) is a typical combinational optimization scheduling problem. This paper proposes a variable neighborhood MOEA/D (VNM) to solve the multiobjective TTSP. Two minimization objectives, the maximal completion time (makespan) and the mean workload, are considered together. In order to make solutions obtained more close to the real Pareto Front, variable neighborhood strategy is adopted. Variable neighborhood approach is proposed to render the crossover span reasonable. Additionally, because the search space of the TTSP is so large that many duplicate solutions and local optima will exist, the Starting Mutation is applied to prevent solutions from becoming trapped in local optima. It is proved that the solutions got by VNM can converge to the global optimum by using Markov Chain and Transition Matrix, respectively. The experiments of comparisons of VNM, MOEA/D, and CNSGA (chaotic nondominated sorting genetic algorithm) indicate that VNM performs better than the MOEA/D and the CNSGA in solving the TTSP. The results demonstrate that proposed algorithm VNM is an efficient approach to solve the multiobjective TTSP.
The Effects of Descriptive and Injunctive Peer Norms on Young Adult Alcohol Use

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Major Volatiles from MSL SAM Evolved Gas Analyses: Yellowknife Bay Through Lower Mount Sharp

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instruments on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) analysed several subsamples of <150 m fines from five sites at Gale Crater. Three were in Yellowknife Bay: the Rocknest aeolian bedform ("RN") and drilled Sheepbed mudstone from sites John Klein ("JK") and Cumberland ("CB"). One was drilled from the Windjana ("WJ") site on a sandstone of the Kimberly formation investigated on route to Mount Sharp. Another was drilled from the Confidence Hills ("CH") site on a sandstone of the Murray Formation at the base of Mt. Sharp (Pahrump Hills). Outcrops are sedimentary rocks that are largely of fluvial or lacustrine origin, with minor aeolian deposits. SAM's evolved gas analysis (EGA) mass spectrometry detected H2O, CO2, O2, H2, SO2, H2S, HCl, NO, and other trace gases, including organic fragments. The identity and evolution temperature (T) of evolved gases can support CheMin mineral detection and place constraints on trace volatile-bearing phases or phases difficult to characterize with XRD (e.g., X-ray amorphous phases). They can also give constraints on sample organic chemistry. Here, we discuss trends in major evolved volatiles from SAM EGA analyses to date.
Evaluation of nutritive values and consumer acceptance of sweet corn (Zea mays) juice as a recovery beverage for exercising people

Carbohydrate-protein (CP) drinks have been shown to exert better effect in promoting faster muscle recovery and rehydration in exercising individuals. However, not all active people, particularly Asians can consume milk-based CP drinks that would trigger symptoms of lactose intolerance and discomfort. Thus, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of sweet corn (Zea mays) beverage as an alternative recovery drink for active people due to its high content of carbohydrate and protein as well as lactose-free. The first phase of the study was the formulation of sweet corn juice that match the specific criteria for an effective recovery drink. Next, the study on the acceptance assessment of the new formulated sweet corn juice was conducted. The results show that the product contains high carbohydrate and protein contents which met the criteria for recovery beverage for active people. Besides, the results of sensory and hedonic evaluation demonstrate that the product was well-liked and accepted by majority of the consumers. To conclude, sweet corn juice which is lactose-free may offer extra benefits in such a way that it will provide alternative recovery drink that can be consumed by lactose intolerant active people.
Physiological and Quality Responses of `Bartlett' Pears to Reduced O2 and Enhanced CO2 Levels and Storage Temperature

Bartlett' pears (Pyrus communis L.) tolerated up to 10 days of exposure to atmospheres containing 1.0%, 0.5%, or 0.25% O2 at 0, 5, or 10C without any detrimental effects on their quality attributes. The fruits also tolerated 4 to 6 days of exposure to air enriched with 20%, 50%, or 80% CO2 at the three temperatures. The beneficial effects of exposures to the O2-reduced or CO2-enriched atmospheres included reduction of respiration and ethylene production rates and retardation of skin yellowing and flesh softening. While 1.0% or 0.5% O 2 and 20% CO2 did not increase ethanol and acetaldehyde contents, 0.25% O2 slightly increased and 50% or 80% CO2 dramatically increased the contents of these two volatiles in juice of the fruits. The effects of low O 2 or high CO2 on the above attributes generally became more pronounced at the higher temperatures. The low O2 or high CO2 treatments did not significantly affect either soluble solids content or titratable acidity. Low O 2 did not influence, but high CO2 slightly increased pH of the fruits. There have been many studies of controlled-at mosphere (CA) storage of fresh fruits and vegetables, but these have largely evaluated the responses of the commodities to moderately low O2 (2% to 3%) and/or high CO2 ( ≤ 5%) levels over long-term storage. In recent years, there has been increased interest in studying the responses of fruits and vegetables to short-term exposure to O 2 levels ≤ 1% and CO2 levels ≥ 20%. Such at- mospheres may be effective as a quarantine treatment for insect control in fresh fruits and vegetables (Aharoni et al., 1979; Lidster et al., 1981, 1984; Soderstrom and Brandl, 1987; Sod- erstrom et al., 1986). Exposure of 'Granny Smith' apples to O 2 levels ≤ 0.5% for 9 days has been reported to have beneficial effects in scald control and in delay of fruit softening and loss of greenness (Little et al., 1982). Nichols and Patterson (1987) showed that short-term storage of 'Delicious' apples to 0.5% or 0.75% O 2 maintained fruit firmness and increased ethanol content. Yoshi- da et al. (1986) reported that storage of 'Bartlett' pears in 1% O2 for 4 months reduced ethylene production rate and retained higher levels of organic acids. Claypool (1969, 1973) showed that low-O2 atmospheres (0.5% to 1%) prolonged storage life and caused no injury to 'Bartlett' pears. Long-term storage of 'd'Anjou' pears in 1.0% O2 maintained higher dessert quality and higher contents of amino acids and organic acids than stor- age in air, and prevented scald disorder and internal brown core (Chen and Mellenthin, 1982, Chen et al., 1981; Mellenthin et al., 1980). Couey and Wright (1977) reported that short-term exposure of 'd'Anjou' pears to 12% CO2 for 14 days before storage re- duced stem decay and scuffing, improved flavor retention, and retarded softening after either regular or CA storage. Similarly, prestorage high CO2 (10% to 20%) treatments for 10 to 15 days retained higher firmness, acidity, and flavor scores of 'Golden Delicious' apples (Couey and Olsen, 1977) and retarded soft-
Root and shoot phenology and root longevity of Norway spruce saplings grown at different soil temperatures

Tree roots comprise a huge carbon pool. Their dynamics are driven by environmental factors and thereby affected by climate change. We studied the effects of soil temperature on root and shoot phenology and their linkages in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ). Saplings were grown in controlled-environment rooms for three simulated growing seasons (GS1, GS2, and GS3). Soil-temperature treatments of 9, 13, 18, and 21 °C were applied during GS2. Root growth was monitored with minirhizotrons and commenced in all treatments simultaneously. Temporal growth patterns of short and long roots were usually bimodal. Root growth was very low during the coldest treatment of GS2 but increased during GS3 as an aftereffect. During GS3, growth of short roots continued later after colder treatments than warmer treatments. Reduced sink strength of roots and increased carbohydrate accumulation into needles at 9 °C during GS2 probably enabled compensatory root growth under restored temperatures during GS3. Soil temperature did not affect shoot phenology, and root and shoot phenology varied between growing seasons; thus, the linkage of root and shoot phenology was inconsistent. In warmer soil, root longevity was shorter and turnover rate was higher than in colder soil. This can further affect soil carbon dynamics and ecosystem carbon cycling in boreal forest ecosystems.
Cytotoxic effect of antioxidants found in food from plant origin on human osteosarcoma U2OS Cells

Plants are a major source of natural products with antioxidant properties. Some of these phytochemicals have been used in effort to prevent and treat several human diseases, including cancer. Several studies support the effects of dietary antioxidants as chemopreventive agents, while other reports suggest potential pharmacological anticancer activity. However, the available studies were conducted under different experimental conditions, precluding a comparative analysis of the anticancer properties of the compounds. Although osteosarcoma has a low overall incidence, it is the third most common cancer in adolescence. These cancers are generally locally aggressive and tend to produce early systemic metastases, justifying the search for novel therapeutic approaches. This work assessed the cytotoxic profile of ten antioxidants from food from plant origin on human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS): catechin, kaempferol, quercetin, resveratrol, gallic acid, ferulic acid, ascorbic acid, melatonin, lycopene, and β-carotene. Cell viability was determined using the crystal violet assay (24 h). β-carotene and gallic acid considerably reduced cell viability, with IC50 values of 18.8 μM and 184.5 μM, respectively. The remaining compounds did not markedly reduce cell viability. These results might contribute to the rational and evidence-based selection of natural antioxidants to be included in anticancer strategies and to further explore possible food-inspired drugs.
Analysis of groundwater drought using a variant of the Standardised Precipitation Index

A new index for standardising groundwater level time series and characterising groundwater droughts, the Standardised Groundwater level Index (SGI), is described. The SGI is a modification of the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) that accounts for differences in the form and characteristics of precipitation and groundwater level time series. The SGI is estimated using a non-parametric normal scores transform of groundwater level data for each calendar month. These monthly estimates are then merged to form a continuous index. The SGI has been calculated for 14 relatively long, up to 103 yr, groundwater level hydrographs from a variety of aquifers and compared with SPI for the same sites. The SPI accumulation period which leads to the strongest correlation between SPI and SGI, qmax, varies between sites. There is a positive linear correlation between qmax and a measure of the range of significant autocorrelation in the SGI series, mmax. For each site the strongest correlation between SPI and SGI is in the range 0.7 to 0.87, and periods of low values of SGI coincide with previously independently documented droughts. Hence SGI is taken to be a robust and meaningful index of groundwater drought. The maximum length of groundwater droughts defined by SGI is an increasing function of mmax, meaning that relatively long groundwater droughts are generally more prevalent at sites where SGI has a relatively long autocorrelation range. Based on correlations between mmax, average unsaturated zone thickness and aquifer hydraulic diffusivity, the source of autocorrelation in SGI is inferred to be dependent on aquifer flow and storage characteristics. For fractured aquifers, such as the Cretaceous Chalk, autocorrelation in SGI is inferred to be primarily related to autocorrelation in the recharge time series, while in granular aquifers, such as the Permo-Triassic Sandstones, autocorrelation in SGI is inferred to be primarily a function of intrinsic aquifer characteristics. These results highlight the need to take into account the hydrogeological context of groundwater monitoring sites when designing and interpreting data from groundwater drought monitoring networks.
A Study of Refined Economic Value Added Explanatory Power Associated with MVA & EPS in Tehran Stock Exchange

The current study aims to examine the relationship between Refined Economic Value Added and market Value Added as the independent variable and earnings of per share as the dependent variable in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during five years 2004-2008. In order to measuring the correlation of the criterion toward market Value Added in relation to earnings per share. Hence, the main question of the study is that if Refined Economic Value Added has more explainability than market Value Added in explaining the earnings per share. According to the research objective, 97 companies were selected as the sample through systematic omittance method. Then, hypotheses were stated and two estimating regression models were used to test the hypothesis; and in order to select the superior model among the other models, Voung statistics was used. The results, according to the Voung statistics and R 2 , indicate that in studied sample, market Value Added estimated in model has more correlation with earnings per share than Refined Economic Value Added.
Selection for altruistic defense in structured populations

We model natural selection for or against an anti-parasite (or anti-predator) defense allele in a host (or prey) population that is structured into many demes. The defense behavior has a fitness cost for the actor compared to non defenders (“cheaters”) in the same deme and locally reduces parasite growth rates. Hutzenthaler et al. (2022) have analytically derived a criterion for fixation or extinction of defenders in the limit of large populations, many demes, weak selection and slow migration. Here, we use both individual-based and diffusion-based simulation approaches to analyze related models. We find that the criterion still leads to accurate predictions for settings with finitely many demes and with various migration patterns. A key mechanism of providing a benefit of the defense trait is genetic drift due to randomness of reproduction and death events leading to between-deme differences in defense allele frequencies and host population sizes. We discuss an inclusive-fitness interpretation of this mechanism and present in-silico evidence that under these conditions a defense trait can be altruistic and still spread in a structured population.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity in 73 Kentucky Bluegrass Materials by SSR and SRAP Markers

Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KBG) is a commonly used grass that possesses excellent quality, as well as a complex genetic background and reproductive patterns. In this study, a total of 73 KBG germplasms were collected, of which 49 were imported varieties, 5 were Chinese breeding varieties, and 19 were wild materials. A total of 70 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 75 sequence-related amplification polymorphism (SRAP) markers were selected to use for genetic diversity analysis. From these studies, high levels of polymorphisms were observed in SRAPs (91.8%) and SSRs (94.5%), respectively. Three dendrograms that were generated from SRAP, SSR, and SRAP+SSR combined data revealed a general similarity for the positioning of the majority of materials. However, certain materials, including Z65, Z25, and Z27, were found to be located in diverse clusters among different dendrograms. Further analysis demonstrated no significant association between geographical origin and molecular marker clusters in the wild materials. Combined with the seedling phenotype identification carried out in our prior study, it seems as though there is no significant relationship between agronomic characterization and marker-based clustering in these materials, except for in the case of leaf color. These studies provided an increased understanding of genetic diversity among KBG materials, which will be beneficial for genetic improvement and germplasm conservation in the future.
Post Stall Landing for Field Retrieval of UAVs

The post stall landing manoeuvre enables a conventional fixed wing flight vehicle to be delivered to a point space with nominal zero vertical and horizontal velocity. This provides a novel means of retrieving UAVs in environments where obstructions or adverse terrain preclude the use of a conventional landing approach. The use of an elevated landing site enables subsequent re-launch after indefinite loiter. This paper reviews current retrieval methods for UAVs, describes the development of a simulation model for post stall landing, presents and discusses simulation results and discusses guidance and control requirements for successful implementation. The primary aerodynamic scaling factor affecting the space required to achieve a post stall landing is the vehicle wing loading. For a CLmax of 1.8, a vehicle with a wing loading of 100N/m requires 20m of vertical clearance. The presence of a head wind is beneficial in that it reduces the steepness of the extended flare required for successful post stall landing. It is proposed that a vehicle guidance algorithm should be based on a look up table of presimulated trajectories. Precise control of the landing manouevre is challenging because the time constant of the manouevre is of the same order as the time constant of the elevator response.
A comparison of dissipated power and signal-to-noise ratios in electrical and optical interconnects

A comparison between dissipated power and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) in electrical and optical interconnects is performed. It is shown that in the absence of amplification to logic voltage levels the electrical interconnection requires much lower signal powers. However, if the amplification in the receiver is included, comparable total power dissipation and SNR's result under the constraint of equal output voltage.
Optimal capital structure and firm value, Australian evidence: 1991-2003

Received theories, namely optimal capital structure, pecking order and signalling, suggest a likely change in the value of a firm at the time financing decisions are disclosed to the market. This paper reports new findings of such a significant change in a firm’s value when relative capital structure changes by 10-40 per cent. Relative capital structure is the change in a firm’s capital structure relative to its industry median ratio. Abnormal return to a firm adjusting its capital structure in value-enhancing financing decisions closer to the industry ratio is positive compared to the abnormal returns when the ratio is adjusted away from industry median. These findings, consistent with theories, would appear to suggest that the industry relative ratio is a likely surrogate for optimal capital structure decisions for Australian firms.