Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY INCOME IN U.S. SMSAs, 1959

An attempt is made in this paper to identify and quantify the relative influence of several economic, social, and demographic factors on variations in the size distribution of family incomes in 208 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) in the United States in 1959. Using a simple ordinary least squares model with Gini's concentration ratio (R) as the proxy for family income inequality, the estimating equations explain up to 89 percent of the SMSA-to-SMSA variation. The “best” explanatory variables are those having to do with size of nonwhite population, occupational structure, and median years of education. City size and region—which are represented by dummy variables—are also revealed as playing an important role, both on their own and in conjunction with other of the independent variables.
Repetition priming of words and nonwords in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging.

OBJECTIVE This study examines the magnitude and direction of nonword and word lexical decision repetition priming effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal aging, focusing specifically on the negative priming effect sometimes observed with repeated nonwords. METHOD Probable AD patients (30), elderly normal controls (34), and young normal controls (49) participated in a repetition priming experiment using low-frequency words and word-like nonwords with a letter-level orthographic orienting task at study followed by a lexical decision test phase. RESULTS Although participants' reaction times (RTs) were longer in AD compared with elderly normal, and elderly normal compared with young normal, the repetition priming effect and the degree to which the repetition priming effect was reversed for nonwords compared to words was unaffected by AD or normal aging. CONCLUSION AD patients, like young and elderly normal participants, are able to modify (in the case of words) and create (in the case of nonwords) long-term memory traces for lexical stimuli, based on a single orthographic processing trial. The nonword repetition results are discussed from the perspective of new vocabulary learning commencing with a provisional lexical memory trace created after orthographic encoding of a novel word-like letter string.
Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Model Specifications to Predict Commuting Flows

This study is devoted to empirical and modeling aspects on how characteristics of spatial structure influence commuting flows. Within a doubly-constrained framework, results from a competing-destinations formulation are evaluated and compared to results from the traditional gravity model. The evaluation depends critically upon the specification of within-zone journeys-to-work. Specific labor-market characteristics are found to be significant to explain how workers are absorbed in diagonal elements of the trip-distribution matrix. We also find that the parametric specification of the accessibility measure is important, and that the competing-destinations formulation is superior to the traditional gravity model.
Understanding co-housing from a planning perspective: why and how?

The re-emergence of Co-housing matches with the current rise of ‘DIY’, ‘Rurbanizing’ and ‘New Commons’ trends in Western European countries. Publications and websites of co-housing networks show that the ambitions of the initiatives are very similar internationally, and there is a strong information flow between projects and crossing borders. There are often high expectations, both by inhabitants and urban policy makers about the resilience and impact of self-organized housing communities. At the same time, driving forces behind the trend are different for each country: from demographic change to land scarcity, promotion of private property, and failing housing distribution. Moreover, planning contexts vary considerably, both geographically and over time. This article searches for an interpretation of the co-housing trend through the lens of spatial planning. This article is based on collaborative research in France, Netherlands and Germany, including field experience in several other EU countries. This article argues that co-housing can only be fully understood when taking into account planning context. The relevance of self-organized housing for urban development and spatial planning lies primarily in the lessons it learns on ‘participative urbanism’; both in design and management of high quality urban environment.
Salesperson cooperation: The influence of relational, task, organizational, and personal factors

Salesperson cooperation has become a crucial issue for the overall performance of most sales organizations. The authors examine the antecedents of task-specific, cooperative behaviors of salespersons toward other salespeople working in the same organization. The main theses of the study are that (1) the four major antecedent categories of factors—relational, task, organizational, and personal— constitute, collectively, the primary determinants of salesperson cooperation and (2) each antecedent category exerts, independently, significant influence on the cooperative behaviors of salespersons. The results support the main theses and provide useful insights for sales managers attempting to foster cooperation among salespeople. The relative impact of each antecedent category, as well as the effects of specific variables within each, is discussed.
Sex Differentials in Earnings in the South Korean Labor Market

We examine gender differences in earnings among South Korean workers in 1988 – the year the South Korean National Assembly enacted the Equal Employment Opportunity Act. Using the "88 Occupational Wage Bargaining Survey on the Actual Condition," we calculate women's mean earnings as a percentage of men's mean earnings by major industrial category and educational attainment. We find a larger wage gap among clerical and sales workers than production workers or professionals. Generally, the more education a woman has, the smaller the gap between her earnings and those of her male counterparts. Women with a middle-school education have a mean income 53.5 percent that of comparable men, while the female-to-male wage ratio among college graduates is 76.1 percent. We analyze wage differences separately for women and men. Following Ronald Oaxaca's (1973) work, we decompose male–female wage differentials. We also calculate a discrimination coefficient. Our work shows that, all else equal, men earn from 33.6 percent to 46.9 percent more than women with comparable skills. We attribute the difference to gender discrimination.
Disentangling Equity Return Regularities: New Insights and Investment Opportunities

Stock market phenomena such as the January and low price/earnings ratio effects entice investors with prospects of extraordinary returns. Most previous stock market anomaly research has focused on one or two return regularities at a time. Multivariate regression, however, can provide a unified framework for disentangling and analyzing numerous return effects. By simultaneously controlling for other attributes, it "purifies" the effect of each anomaly, affording a clearer picture of which anomalies are "real" and which are merely proxies for other effects. While "pure" payoffs may be smaller than the naive payoffs (given the independent nature of the pure effects and the proxying behavior of the naive effects), their statistical significance is often greater. The residual reversal effect is an exception, emerging stronger in magnitude in its pure form than its naive form, primarily because the pure measure separates out related effects such as earnings surprise. Some effects, however, such as cash flow/price ratio disappear completely in their pure form. And both naive and pure returns to beta prove inconsequential in explaining cumulative returns. The strength and persistence of returns to some of the anomaly measures, such as trends in analysts' earnings estimates, represent evidence against semi-strong market efficiency. Furthermore, the significant payoffs to other measures, such as residual reversal, suggest that past prices alone do matter — that is, the market is not even weak-form efficient. Controlling for tax-loss selling and other attributes in a multivariate framework mitigates the January seasonals exhibited by many of the naive anomaly measures. For instance, the small size effect's January seasonal vanishes. The yield effect's January seasonal remains strong, however. Also, because long-term tax-loss selling is more powerful than short-term, investor behavior appears suboptimal. A negative January seasonal in pure returns to the relative-strength measure appears to arise from profit-taking associated with tax-gain deferral. Returns to many attributes appear to have market-related components. For example, naive returns to low P/E behave defensively, while pure returns to low P/E are not market-related at all. Apparently naive returns to low P/E are proxies for related defensive effects such as the yield effect. Returns to beta, however, are strongly procyclical in both their naive and pure forms.
Toward an enriched understanding of factors influencing Filipino behavior during elections through the analysis of Twitter data

Social networking sites (SNS) have become increasingly popular means for self-expression, communication, and influence, particularly in relation to political activity. In cases involving elections, for example, studies have been conducted to explore how these sites have been mobilized as a tool to disseminate opinion, encourage others to vote, publicize one's voting decisions, and even predict election outcomes. In this study, we explore how data from the SNS site Twitter can be used to enrich current understandings of the nature of voters in a Philippine setting. We mobilized a combination of manual and computer-based natural language-processing (NLP) techniques to analyze Twitter data in Metro Manila concerning the 2013 Philippine elections for a two-week period. Specifically, we combined language modeling using n-gram and manual discourse analysis to generate over 30 themes from Twitter users' comments on the 2013 Philippine elections. The themes cohered around a number of different narratives that shed light on voters' behavior, specifically why they vote, how they vote, and who they vote for, thus deepening our understanding of the different interlocking factors that shape election and voting processes.
Structure and composition of linear TiO x nanostructures on SrTiO 3(001)

Matthew S. J. Marshall,1,* Andres E. Becerra-Toledo,2 David J. Payne,3 Russell G. Egdell,3 Laurence D. Marks,2 and Martin R. Castell1,† 1Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3PH 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 3Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3LZ (Received 19 March 2012; revised manuscript received 15 July 2012; published 10 September 2012)
Euglycemic Clamp Study in Clozapine-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis

OBJECTIVE: To describe the fifth case of clozapine-induced diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with complete resolution of abnormal glucose metabolism after discontinuation of clozapine as assessed by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and the first to be serially studied with markers of pancreatic autoimmunity; to demonstrate insulin resistance using the euglycemic clamp study and reduced pancreatic insulin reserve using intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT) in clozapine-induced diabetes mellitus and DKA, when the OGTT was normal; and to systematically review the previously described cases of clozapine-induced diabetes mellitus and DKA. CASE SUMMARY: A 33-year-old white man without past or family history of diabetes mellitus presented with DKA after eight months of clozapine therapy (50 mg twice daily). After treatment of DKA and discontinuation of clozapine, glucose tolerance and concurrent serum insulin concentrations reverted to normal as measured by two OGTT performed 60 and 320 days after resolution of DKA. DISCUSSION: Antiislet-cell antibodies, antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, and human insulin antibody were negative on two separate occasions. Euglycemic clamp study demonstrated insulin resistance manifested by a glucose disposal rate of approximately 55% of mean normal values. IVGTT demonstrated a low rate of glucose disappearance (KG = 0.95) and diminished first-phase insulin response when OGTT was normal, indicating impairment in insulin sensitivity and reduction in β cell function 323 days after discontinuance of clozapine. This adverse reaction is considered probable according to the Naranjo probability scale. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of cases of DKA and new or worsening diabetes mellitus in patients using clozapine suggests a causal relationship. We hypothesize that the mechanism by which clozapine may produce glucose intolerance may require a preexisting latent defect in insulin secretion and insulin action. With the administration of clozapine, some of these patients may develop worsening insulin resistance and may fail to mount an appropriate compensatory β cell insulin secretion for the degree of insulin resistance. As a consequence, hyperglycemia develops and its persistence results in glucose toxicity, further suppressing β cell insulin secretion. Such combined defects in insulin secretion and sensitivity are known to be synergistic, leading to the development of abnormal glucose tolerance, which can be clinically manifested as a spectrum ranging from impaired glucose tolerance through severe hyperglycemia to DKA. Patients being started on clozapine should be carefully followed for the development or worsening of diabetes mellitus, regardless of the dose of the drug.
Stock Market Liquidity and Firm Dividend Policy

Abstract We provide evidence of a link between firm dividend policy and stock market liquidity. In the cross section, owners of less (more) liquid common stock are more (less) likely to receive cash dividends. Predictions of the proportion of dividend payers based on 1963–1977 cross-sectional estimates account for most of the declining propensity of firms to pay dividends as documented by Fama and French (2001). Furthermore, historic liquidity is an important determinant of dividend initiations and omissions. Finally, we show that sensitivity of firm value to aggregate liquidity declines after dividend initiations, suggesting that investors view stock market liquidity and dividends as substitutes.
Policy-driven collaborative research networks in Europe

This paper examines the nature and structure of particular types of networks, i.e. policy-driven collaborative research networks. More specifically, it analyses the emerging networks formed under the fourth, fifth, and sixth EU Framework Programmes in the area of Information Society Technologies. This considerable time-span of roughly 12 years allows for comprehensive monitoring of these networks’ evolution. Four sets of results with significant policy implications arise: (a) the networks analysed display characteristics of complex networks such as small-world property and scale-free distributions, (b) the networks examined are structured around a core of organizations, mainly universities and research institutes which have assumed a very influential role over time, (c) the introduction of new instruments in FP6 has considerably increased interconnectivity compared with the previous FPs, thus contributing to the implementation of the European Research Area initiative. In addition, another set of targeted instruments for upgrading the strategic position – within the networks – of promising peripheral actors should be designed.
Can Gambling Increase Savings? Empirical Evidence on Prize-Linked Savings Accounts

This paper studies the adoption and impact of prize-linked savings (PLS) accounts, which offer lottery-like payouts to individual account holders in lieu of interest. Using microlevel data from a bank in South Africa, we show that PLS is attractive to a broad group of individuals, with financially constrained individuals and those with no other deposit accounts particularly likely to participate. Individuals who choose to use PLS increase their total savings on average by 1% of annual income. Exploiting the random assignment of prizes, we present causal evidence that PLS substitutes for lottery gambling but is a complement to standard savings. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Commercial Policy Variability, Bindings and Market Access

Protection unconstrained by rules often varies substantially over time. Rules-based disciplines, such as WTO tariff bindings and bindings on market access in services, constrain this variability. We examine the theoretical effects of such constraints on the expected cost of protection and offer a formalization of the concept of ‘market access’, emphasizing both the first and second moments of the distribution of protection. As an illustration, we provide a stylized examination of Uruguay Round bindings on wheat.
Women In Action: Challenges Facing Women Entrepreneurs In The Gauteng Province Of South Africa

In today’s post-modern era, the role of women entrepreneurs in economic development is inevitable and women are willing to take action in business and contribute to the nation’s growth. Women are stepping up to own and run businesses in numbers that would have been hard to imagine a mere few decades ago. However, women entrepreneurs face a wide variety of challenges both in starting and in growing their business ventures. The objective of this paper is to investigate the challenges women entrepreneurs face in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Exploring the challenges that women entrepreneurs face in South Africa, is of paramount interest to potential women entrepreneurs, researchers, the government of South Africa and other stakeholders. The paper used a qualitative research design using in-depth interviews and focus groups. The findings were that the challenges were identified as impediments to women entrepreneurs, which comprises lack of education and training, lack of access to finance, gender discrimination, negative attitudes and inadequate resources. Recommendations were made to women entrepreneurs, to the government of South Africa and other stakeholders. Lastly, limitations of this paper as well as future research directions were enunciated clearly.
Consequences of measurement problems in strategic management research: the case of Amihud and Lev

Strategic management research has been characterized as placing less emphasis on construct measurement than other management subfields. To illustrate the consequences of measurement error, we revisit the debate on the causes of diversification. Our research suggests that the divergent findings between studies on this topic are largely the result of measurement error, and that prior work has underestimated the true effect of size in the relationships between variables. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control or invest? Understanding the complex interests of managerial ownership

Purpose - Conventional studies discuss the effect of managerial ownership on firm performance and have conflicting findings. This paper seeks to find divergent mutual effects existing between managerial ownership and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach - The three-stage-least squares method and simultaneous equation model is adopted to obtain more efficient coefficient estimation. Both firm-year observations and company mean variables are used to capture the structural relation and mutual effects between ownership structure and firm performance. Findings - This paper finds divergent mutual effects existing. In a diffused ownership structure, better firm performance may induce management to hold more stockholding. Management with mid-range of stockholdings has a positive effect on firm performance but not vice versa. For highly concentrated ownership structure, a negative mutual effect exists. Practical implications - These findings provide the investment purpose as an alternative explanation for insiders' stockholding that agrees with investors' risk aversion attitude in practice. For highly concentrated ownership, possible management entrenchment behavior resulting from dominant control power should be carefully considered and monitored to protect minority shareholders. Originality/value - This paper provides new evidence that complicated mutual effects may exist between managerial ownership and firm performance. It offers insights for both investors and researchers in corporate governance.
Patients’ experiences and views of an emergency and urgent care system

Background Surveys of patients’ experiences and views of health care usually focus on single services. During an unexpected episode of ill health, patients may make contact with different services and therefore experience care within an emergency and urgent care system. We developed the Urgent Care System Questionnaire and used it to describe patients’ experiences and views of an emergency and urgent care system in England.
Revisiting the Party Paradox of Finance Capitalism: Social Democratic Preferences and Corporate Governance Reforms in Switzerland, Sweden, and the Netherlands

The “party paradox” thesis claims that in the context of the legal corporate governance reforms of the 1990s, which aimed at adjusting national corporate governance systems to the “finance capitalism” of the Anglo-American type, center-left parties promoted proshareholder corporate governance reforms, whereas center-right parties opposed such reforms. Based on case studies of Switzerland, Sweden, and the Netherlands, this article shows that this thesis does not apply to two of these cases: In Sweden and the Netherlands a broad coalition uniting center-right and center-left parties opposed— with considerable success—proshareholder reforms. Therefore, the author argues that firm-level explanations of the “party paradox” are insufficient to understand the variance in center-left preferences across different cases. Instead, the historical role of labor in different countries is critical in the formation of center-left preferences. Where labor was not excluded from the formation of corporate governance structures, center-left support for proshareholder reform was weak.
Antecedents of Team Creativity: An Examination of Team Emotional Intelligence, Team Trust and Collaborative Culture

Teams represent a dominant approach to getting work done in a business environment. Creativity enables teams to solve problems and leverage opportunities through the integration of divergent thoughts and perspectives. Prior research indicates that a collaborative culture, which affects how team members interact and work together, is a critical antecedent of team creativity. This study explores other antecedents of team creativity, namely, team emotional intelligence and team trust, and investigates the relationships among these precursors to creative effort. Using a survey of 82 student teams at a large university in the northeast United States, our findings suggest that team emotional intelligence promotes team trust. Trust, in turn, fosters a collaborative culture which enhances the creativity of the team. Cognitive trust also moderates the relationship between collaborative culture and team creativity. Implications of these results for managers and academics are discussed.