Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Path Dependence in National Systems of Production and "Self Discovery" of Environmental Technologies in the EU 28 Countries. WWWforEurope Working Paper No. 106

The development of "green" industries is commonly seen as a necessary even though not sufficient condition for the transition towards ecologically sustainable paths of economic development. It is also a recurrent view that proactive and successful policy action in this domain will not only promote sustainable development but also secure competitive advantage of successful countries in these industries. However, a complex constellation of path-dependencies in systems of production and (negative) externalities constrain the emergence and expansion of environmental technologies. This paper presents evidence that path-dependencies in systems of production have a dual role in the development of new industries. They are not only a source of structural lock-in, but also a potential starting point for new developments. The paper shows that factors causing path dependence in systems of production are also an important source of competitiveness both for all traded commodities and for environmental technology industries. Hence, policies supporting the emergence of industries producing environmental technologies should try to exploit this mechanism. Drawing on this evidence a counterfactual analysis is carried out to investigate potential trajectories of development of the EU 28 countries in the environmental technologies. The results indicate that some countries that up to recent times have been pioneers in environmental technologies may lose their strong position in these technologies. In other countries instead new strengths in environmental technologies have the potential to emerge, as some environmental technologies can draw on untraded interdependencies that have not been brought to full fruition so far.
Genetic and Correlation Studies in Double Genotypes of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) for Assessing the Genetic Variability

Five genotypes of tuberose (double) were evaluated for twelve different parameters to ascertain the genetic variability and association among the characters during the year 2011-12 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results of the experiment revealed that ‘Suvasini’ showed its superiority for certain parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of florets/ spike, length of the floret, weight of florets per spike, number of spikes/m2 and yield of florets/ plot (2*2 m). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all twelve characters studied. The higher PCV and GCV estimates were found for number of florets/spike. High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for number of florets per spike, number of spikes/m2, rachis length and yield of florets per plot (2×2 m). The correlation studies revealed that plant height exhibited positive correlation with spike length, yield of florets/plot (2×2 m), number of florets per spike, flowering duration, number of leaves per plant, weight of florets per spike, number of spikes/m2, rachis length and length of the floret. There exists a positive relationship of number of leaves per plant with weight of florets per spike, yield of florets/plot (2×2 m), spike length, flowering duration, and number of florets per spike, length of the floret, number of spikes/m2 and rachis length. Spike length exhibited positive and significant association with yield of florets/ plot (2×2 m), number of florets per spike, weight of florets per spike, number of spikes per m2, length of the floret and rachis length.
Adapting Particle Swarm Optimizationto Dynamic Environments

In this paper the authors propose a method for adapting the particle swarm optimizer for dynamic environments. The process consists of causing each particle to reset its record of its best position as the environment changes, to avoid making direction and velocity decisions on the basis of outdated information. Two methods for initiating this process are examined: periodic resetting, based on the iteration count, and triggered resetting, based on the magnitude of the change in the environment. These preliminary results suggest that these two modifications allow PSO to search in both static and dynamic
Future high CO2 in the intertidal may compromise adult barnacle Semibalanus balanoides survival and embryonic development rate.

The effects of CO2-induced acidification on survival, shell mineralogy, embryonic devel- opment and the timing of larval release were investigated in the intertidal barnacle Semibalanus bal- anoides using an intertidal microcosm system. Compared to that in the control (CO2 = 344 ppm, pH = 8.07), adult survival was 22% lower in the high-CO2 treatment (CO2 = 922 ppm, pH = 7.70) and sig- nificant changes in the mineral structure of the adult shell were observed. Embryonic development rate was significantly slower in the high-CO2 treatment than in the control but still resembled 'nat- ural' rates seen in populations found in similar locations. There was an estimated 19 d delay in devel- opment under high-CO2 conditions, which resulted in a 60% reduction in the number of nauplii reaching hatching stage at the time when over 50% of the control nauplii had hatched. We conclude that ocean acidification could potentially further compromise embryonic development in a species already stressed by temperature, which could in turn impact naupliar development and recruitment. S. balanoides, the adults of which live in a highly variable environment, has been shown to be detri- mentally impacted by a chronic change in chemical conditions (pH lowered beyond the current range) over a crucial period in their life cycle. Under experimental high-CO2 conditions, some adults were able to survive and larvae were able to hatch. This may indicate that there is still potential for organisms to find suitable habitats and for populations to develop and survive.
LEXIS DEVELOPMENT: THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXTUAL CLUES

Lexis development has become an important part of second language acquisition. Students need to be taught vocabulary in context so that they can retain the words and use them frequently. The present study is carefully designed to gain insight into the effects of context on lexis learning. It reflects that illustrations of words in various sentences are more helpful to students than lexical explanations. Therefore, the researcher suggests that the best way of teaching new words is to put them into a variety of defining contexts. In this way, students can master various syntactic and semantic uses of words in authentic English sentences. Some important strategies and techniques that can help facilitate the acquisition and development of English lexis are investigated.
A Cross-Linguistic Study of Locomotor Experience and Psychological Development: Walking Onset Is Linked to Advanced Receptive and Productive Vocabularies in Berkeley and Shanghai

Whether motoric activities hold psychological effect has been a controversial. Recently, Campos and his colleagues (Campos et al, 2000) have shown the acquisition of prone locomotion not only precedes but also causes various changes in psychological abilities, including perception, cognition, and socio-emotional development. This dissertation work deals with another major motoric achievement during infancy, upright locomotion, and whether it brings about psychological changes. It focuses on an original phenomenon that walking brings about increased receptive and productive vocabularies (Walle & Campos, 2014). If this relation reflects the consequence of an epigenetic event, then it should be present regardless of when the infant typically begins to walk, the infant’s culture, and the infant’s native language. This study sought to replicate the previously reported link between walking and language development in American infants and investigate whether this relation exists cross-nationally in typically developing Chinese infants exposed to Mandarin. Urban Chinese infants not only provide a distinct linguistic and cultural population in which to study this relation but also typically begin walking approximately 6 weeks later than American infants. Our results demonstrated that (1) walking infants in both the American and Chinese samples had greater receptive and productive vocabularies than same-aged crawling infants, (2) differences between crawling and walking infants were proportionally similar in each sample, and (3) the walking-language relation was present for both noun and non-noun vocabularies. These findings provide further support of a relation between infant walking onset and language development, independent of age. Avenues for future research of the processes involved in this relation, as well as additional populations of interest to investigate, are discussed.
Inhibitory Activity of Plant Extracts against Microbes Isolated from Sick Building

Due to the harmful effects of commercial biocides, plant-based biocides may offer a safer alternative for controlling microbes that cause sick building syndrome and building deterioration. The aim of the study was to discover a new source of bioactive extracts from plants. 104 methanolic-aqueous extracts obtained from different parts of 75 plant species, were screened for potential antimicrobial activity against one species of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and four filamentous fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium oxalicum and Cladosporium oxysporum) isolated from enclosed sick buildings in Penang. The extracts were obtained from different parts of the plants in 80% MeOH. Antimicrobial activity was conducted using the disk-diffusion method. In the tested concentration of 100 mg/ml, two (1.9%) of 33 (31.3%) antibacterial extracts, both antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed. Minimum inhibitory concentration was subsequently determined for plant extracts showing antimicrobial activity. Among the 104 plant materials screened, the extracts from Samanea saman leaves and Garcinia mangostana pericarp showed the most promising antibacterial properties inhibiting B. subtilis with MIC of 0.078 mg/mL whereas Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract was the most active against fungi with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.25 - 2.5 mg/mL. Results of this research would be useful in preparing a more environment and occupant- friendly plant-based formulations for microbial bioaerosols management.
Revisiting relaxation in globular clusters

The classical theory of cluster relaxation is unsatisfactory because it involves the Coulomb logarithm. The Balescu-Lenard (BL) equation provides a rigorous alternative that has no ill-defined parameter. Moreover, the BL equation, unlike classical theory, includes the cluster's self-gravity. A heuristic argument is given that indicates that relaxation does not occur predominantly through two-particle scattering and is enhanced by self-gravity. The BL equation is adapted to a spherical system and used to estimate the flux through the action space of isochrone clusters with different velocity anisotropies. A range of fairly different secular behaviours is found depending on the fraction of radial orbits. Classical theory is also used to compute the corresponding classical fluxes. The BL and classical fluxes are very different because (a) the classical theory materially under-estimates the impact of large-scale collectively amplified fluctuations and (b) only the leading terms in an infinite sum for the BL flux are computed. A complete theory of cluster relaxation likely requires that the sum in the BL equation be decomposed into a sum over a finite number of small wave numbers complemented by an integral over large wave numbers analogous to classical theory.
The effect of volatile bubble growth rate on the periodic dynamics of shallow volcanic systems

Many volcanic eruptions exhibit periodic behav- ior. For instance, periodic ground inflations and deflations in proximity to a volcano are the consequences of periodic overpressure variations in the magma conduit and periodic magma flow rate. The period varies from a few hours to many years, depending on the volcano parameters. On the other hand, volatile components exsolve from an ascend- ing magma by forming bubbles. The strong dependence of the melt viscosity with the volatile concentration generates a positive feedback on the magma flow. We consider here the effect of the growth of volatile bubbles on the dynamics of a magmatic flow in a shallow volcanic system. Various expres- sions for the bubble growth rate are treated, thus generalizing previous work. In particular, a growth rate law derived from a recent many-bubble theory is considered. It is seen that, for a range of flow rate values at the base of the magma con- duit, the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation. Periodic so- lutions compatible with the observations are generated. This work shows that measurements of volcanic activity have the potential to test various bubble growth models in magmatic systems.
DOES INEQUALITY CAUSE CONFLICT

This paper suggests that economic inequality is important to explaining civil conflict, but that the links are not as direct as is often supposed. It is important to focus on the variety of ways in which inequalities are managed by societies, and the significance of varying kinds of inequality. It is also important to understand the transmission mechanisms that enable a relatively peaceable durable inequality to turn into a violent conflict. These considerations, together with the poor quality of the available inequality data, should make us more cautious about the conclusions reached by cross-country empirical studies into the causes of conflict which ascribe a strong predictive power to measures of inequality. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biofilm‐induced bioclogging produces sharp interfaces in hyporheic flow, redox conditions, and microbial community structure

Riverbed sediments host important biogeochemical processes that play a key role in nutrient dynamics. Sedimentary nutrient transformations are mediated by bacteria in the form of attached biofilms. The influence of microbial metabolic activity on the hydrochemical conditions within the hyporheic zone is poorly understood. We present a hydrobiogeochemical model to assess how the growth of heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass affects the transport and transformation of dissolved nitrogen compounds in bed form‐induced hyporheic zones. Coupling between hyporheic exchange, nitrogen metabolism, and biomass growth leads to an equilibrium between permeability reduction and microbial metabolism that yields shallow hyporheic flows in a region with low permeability and high rates of microbial metabolism near the stream‐sediment interface. The results show that the bioclogging caused by microbial growth can constrain rates and patterns of hyporheic fluxes and microbial transformation rate in many streams.
Microphysical and kinematic structures within drizzling stratocumulus in the southeast Pacific

Vast regions of subtropical stratocumulus (Sc) clouds are a significant source of cooling in the earth’s radiation budget. Southeast Pacific Sc also play a supporting role in the seasonal cycle of the East Pacific Ocean and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Drizzle from the Sc can affect the boundary layer dynamics and therefore the radiative properties of the cloud layer. Unfortunately, these clouds have proven difficult for climate models to simulate. Observations obtained during the 2001 East Pacific Investigation of Climate stratocumulus study (EPIC Sc, Bretherton et al., 2004) were designed to provide insight into the physical processes of drizzling Sc with an eventual goal of improving model parameterizations. The unique EPIC data set includes high temporal and spatial resolution observations of clouds and drizzle from a verticallypointing millimeter cloud radar (MMCR) and a scanning C-band radar. Open cellular cloud patterns in Sc consist of clear regions surrounded by ‘rings’ of clouds. Conversely, the closed-cellular regime consists of cloudy regions surrounded by clear air (e.g. Agee et al., 1973). While the closed cellular regime is most typical in the southeast Pacific, open-cellular regions are not uncommon. Wood and Hartmann (2005) found that during Sept-Oct 2000, closed cells occurred up to 70% of the time near the west coast of South America, and open cellular structures were common up to 50% of the time farther off shore. Recent findings suggest that during the EPIC Sc study, open-cellular convection was more frequently associated with higher rain rates than closed-cellular convection (Stevens et al., 2005; Yuter and Comstock, 2005). Comstock et al. (2005) developed a conceptual model for the drizzling Sc boundary layer associated with open cellular regions embedded within closed-cellular Sc. We use high resolution reflectiv-
COMPARISON OF PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES OF SELECTED ELASTO-PLASTIC AND HYPOPLASTIC MODELS FOR STRUCTURED CLAYS

This paper compares different approaches to constitutive modelling of natural structured clays by means of experimental data on natural Pisa and Bothkennar clays. The models evaluated are a hypoplastic model for structured clays, its simple elasto-plastic equivalent that requires parameters with similar physical meaning, and advanced elasto-plastic models based on kinematic hardening approach. Hypoplasticity predicts non-linear stress-strain response in the pre-failure region and different stiffness in different loading directions, it thus provides a clear qualitative advance with respect to the simple elasto-plastic model. It gives qualitatively similar predictions with the kinematic hardening models. The structure degradation and the large-strain response are predicted similarly by both the hypoplastic and elasto-plastic models, which show that the critical state soil mechanics theories can be treated successfully within the framework of the theory of hypoplasticity.
Efficient injection from large telescopes into single-mode fibres: Enabling the era of ultra-precision astronomy

Photonic technologies offer numerous advantages for astronomical instruments such as spectrographs and interferometers owing to their small footprints and diverse range of functionalities. Operating at the diffraction-limit, it is notoriously difficult to efficiently couple such devices directly with large telescopes. We demonstrate that with careful control of both the non-ideal pupil geometry of a telescope and residual wavefront errors, efficient coupling with single-mode devices can indeed be realised. A fibre injection was built within the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument. Light was coupled into a single-mode fibre operating in the near-IR (J-H bands) which was downstream of the extreme adaptive optics system and the pupil apodising optics. A coupling efficiency of 86% of the theoretical maximum limit was achieved at 1550 nm for a diffraction-limited beam in the laboratory, and was linearly correlated with Strehl ratio. The coupling efficiency was constant to within 40% for 84% of the time and >50% for 41% of the time. The laboratory results allow us to forecast that extreme adaptive optics levels of correction (Strehl ratio >90% in H-band) would allow coupling of >67% (of the order of coupling to multimode fibres currently). For Strehl ratios <20%, few-port photonic lanterns become a superior choice but the signal-to-noise must be considered. These results illustrate a clear path to efficient on-sky coupling into a single-mode fibre, which could be used to realise modal-noise-free radial velocity machines, very-long-baseline optical/near-IR interferometers and/or simply exploit photonic technologies in future instrument design.
ORIGINAL TEACHER'S METHODOLOGY OF INVASION GAMES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL METODOLOGÍA DE ENSEÑANZA DE LOS DEPORTES DE INVASIÓN EN PRIMARIA

The aim of this study was to analyze primary school teachers’ intervention concerning invasion games. For this purpose, a questionnaire was validated and designed with the following parameters: Quantification of the programs involving invasion games and disciplines taught, horizontal or vertical methodologies, learning situations and methodological assumptions used. The questionnaire was answered by 151 physical education teachers in Seville. The results show that teachers devote a significant part of their programs to invasion games. Basketball, football and handball are the most taught. A vertical
How Does Face Consciousness Affect Purchase Intention of Cosmetic Surgery

This study investigated the relationships among face consciousness, materialism, appearance investment, aging anxiety, and intention to purchase cosmetic surgery. Our three objectives were to (a) test the mediating effect of materialism on the relationship between face consciousness and appearance investment; (b) investigate the mediating effect of appearance investment on the relationship between materialism and intention to purchase cosmetic surgery; and (c) examine the moderating effect of aging anxiety on the relationship between appearance investment and intention to purchase cosmetic surgery. The participants in this study were 600 middle-aged women in Taiwan, between 35 and 55 years of age. Here, we report three major findings. First, materialism partially mediates the positive relationship between face consciousness and appearance investment. Second, appearance investment partially mediates the positive relationship between materialism and the intention to purchase cosmetic surgery. Third, aging anxiety moderates the positive relationship between appearance investment and intention to purchase cosmetic surgery. These findings suggest that in order to improve product positioning, service providers can implement various strategies based on the target customers’ materialistic values and degree of investment in personal appearance. Middle-aged women typically exhibit aging anxiety, and thus they are readily attracted by advertisements that emphasize the view that physical beauty is enchanting and can bring happiness.
Sister chromatid exchange in selected horse breeds (Equus caballus)

In studies of chromosome instability, the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test is a particularly sensitive cytogenetic assay for detecting DNA damage. SCE tests of chromosome instability were performed in the group of 6 horse breeds (Pure-bred Arabian, Malapolski horse, Polish noble half-bred, Polish cold-blooded, Hucul and Polish Konik). The chromosome preparations were obtained from our in vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes stained using the FPG technique. The mean number of SCEs/cell in the analysed population of horses was 5.14±1.44. The mean frequency of SCEs in the 6 analysed horse breeds varied depending on the breed. Statistically significant differences were observed between the horse breeds (P<0.01). No statistically significant differences in the number of SCEs per cell were found between the males and females (5.10±1.34 and 5.20±1.52, respectively). The horses were also assessed for the number of SCEs/cell in relation to the age of the animals. The differences between the age groups were statistically significant (P<0.01).
Are economic growth and the variability of the business cycle related? Evidence from five European countries

We use a long series of annual data that span over 100 years to examine the relationship between output growth and its uncertainty in five European countries. Using the GARCH methodology to proxy uncertainty, we obtain two important results. First, more uncertainty about output leads to a higher rate of growth in three of the five countries. Second, output growth reduces its uncertainty in all countries except one. Our results are robust to alternative specifications and provide strong support to the recent emphasis by macroeconomists on the joint examination of economic growth and the variability of the business cycle.