Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 A Design of Small Area , 0 . 95 mW , 612 – 1152 MHz 2 Open Loop Injection-Locked Frequency Multiplier 3 for IoT Sensor Applications 4

1 College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; 7 sun107ksj@skku.edu (S.J.K.); rlarlarbrb@skku.edu (D.-G.K.); muser49@skku.edu (C.K.); 8 blacklds@skku.edu (D.S.L.); hara1015@naver.com (Y.G.P.); khwang@skku.edu (K.C.H.); 9 yang09@skku.edu (Y.Y.) 10 2 Department of Smart Automobile, Pyeongtaek University, Pyeongtaek, South Korea; rapter@kaist.ac. kr 11 3 School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 12 61005, Korea; minjae@gist.ac. kr 13 * Correspondence: klee@skku.edu; Tel. : +82-31-299-4954 14
Distribution and habitat characteristics of dolphins of the genus Stenella (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the southwest Atlantic Ocean

The distribution of dolphins of the genus Stenella is poorly known in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. A complete review of records (n = 311) of these dolphin species was performed to describe distribution and habitat. Atlantic spotted dolphins S. frontalis occur in both southern (21 to 33° S) and northern Brazil (north of 06° S), with a hiatus in its distribution off eastern South America. This species presents the highest preference for nearshore habitats, restricted to waters within the 1000 m isobath. Pantropical spotted dolphins S. attenuata are found in tropical waters as far south as 22° S and are mainly observed off northeastern South America. They occur beyond the continental shelf break in depths >850 m. Clymene dolphins S. clymene are distributed in deep waters (1390 to 4500 m) as far south as 30° S. Strandings are more common where the continental shelf is narrower. Spinner dolphins S. longirostris are found in oceanic waters as far south as 30° S. They inhabit tropical waters over the shelf and slope (depths ranging from 170 to 2700 m). The striped dolphin S. coeruleoalba is the least known species of the genus in the western South Atlantic. Most records are from temperate waters in southern Brazil and Argentina. The distributions of S. attenuata, S. clymene and S. longirostris overlap to a great extent and are predominantly oceanic and associated with warm ocean currents. S. frontalis seems to prefer a different, coastal habitat, influenced both by warm currents and upwelling areas. The discontinu- ous distribution of this species suggests that an isolated population inhabits the southern coast of Brazil.
Osteoporosis screening based on body mass index , years since menopause and age among postmenopausal women in South Central China

We aimed to screen for high risk factors for osteoporosis and provide appropriate criteria for bone mineral testing for osteoporosis screening in healthy postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study surveyed 782 healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-77 years from South Central China by using a questionnaire. Bone mineral density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their T-scores: osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group. The χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables between the two groups, while logistic regression models were used to identify osteoporosis-related risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the prognostic performance of age, years since menopause, and body mass index (BMI) in predicting osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in China. We found that age, years since menopause, BMI, history of fragility fractures, and fall history significantly differed between the two groups (P < 0.05). However, only BMI (β = -0.479), years since menopause (β = 0.318), and age (β = 0.298) were significantly correlated with osteoporosis after logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoffs for BMI, years since menopause, and age were 22.81 kg/m2 (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.624; 95% CI: 0.584-0.664), 10.05 years (AUC: 0.658; 95% CI: 0.619-0.697), and 62.45 years (AUC: 0.644; 95% CI: 0.6040.684), respectively. The present study demonstrates that older age, longer menopause duration, lower BMI, history of fragility fractures, and fall history are risk factors for osteoporosis. Bone mineral density testing for osteoporosis screening is indicated in healthy postmenopausal women from South Central China who are aged > 62 years, went through menopause > 10 years ago, or have a BMI of < 23 kg/m2.
Time-resolved Coulomb-explosion imaging of nuclear wave-packet dynamics induced in diatomic molecules by intense few-cycle laser pulses

We studied the nuclear dynamics in diatomic molecules (N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, and CO) following their interaction with intense near-IR few-cycle laser pulses. Using Coulomb-explosion imaging in combination with the pump-probe approach, we mapped dissociation pathways of those molecules and their molecular ions. We identified all symmetric and asymmetric breakup channels for molecular ions up to N{sub 2}{sup 5+}, O{sub 2}{sup 4+}, and CO{sup 4+}. For each of those channels we measured the kinetic energy release (KER) spectra as a function of delay between the pump and probe pulses. For both N{sub 2} and O{sub 2} the asymmetric (3,1) channel is only observed for short (<20 fs) delays and completely disappears after that. We interpret this observation as a signature of electron localization taking place in dissociating molecular tri-cations when their internuclear separation reaches about 2.5 times the equilibrium bond length. This is a direct confirmation that electron localization plays an essential role in the universal mechanism of enhanced ionization in homonuclear diatomic molecules. Using classical and quantum mechanical simulations of the time-dependent KER spectra, we identify the pathways and intermediate states involved in the laser-induced dissociation of those molecules.
Critical aspects of sample handling for direct nanoparticle analysis and analytical challenges using asymmetric field flow fractionation in a multi-detector approach

The analysis of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), especially engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), is a fast growing analytical research field. New trends in plasma spectrometry such as direct single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICPMS) or the coupling of asymmetric flow field flow fractionation to ICPMS (A4F-ICPMS) allow direct analysis of ENPs by getting not only chemical but also size information simultaneously. However, sample handling of nanoparticles could be challenging and change the ENP properties. For most of the analysing techniques, dilution of ENP samples is needed as minimum sample preparation. The colloidal stability and the agglomeration behaviour depend on the ENP-type, the coating or functionalization agent and on the surrounding media. The stability of charge stabilized ENPs is especially sensitive to changes of pH or ionic strength, and sometimes even to dilution. Although the stability of sterically stabilized ENPs is typically less affected by the above-mentioned factors, agglomeration can still occur in certain environments. Thus, storage, handling and sample preparation are big challenges in ENP analysis. Kinetic studies of different ENPs, representative of typical nanoparticle types and coatings, point out that the behaviour is dependent on various influencing factors pertaining to the chemical environment (pH, ionic strength, dilution). In this study polyvinyl alcohol (Ag@PVA) and citrate (Ag@citrate) stabilized silver nanoparticles, as well as titanium oxide ENPs functionalized with poly-acrylate (TiO2@PA) have been studied. A simple analytical approach using batch dynamic light scattering (DLS) is proposed for a fast assessment of samples containing unknown ENP types or structures. Besides aspects of sample handling, unwanted particle–membrane interactions, which often lead to inappropriate recovery rates in A4F fractionation, are investigated here. These interactions are caused by the electrostatic charges carried by different membrane materials and the resulting interaction with the ENPs' charge. This is critically discussed for membrane materials typical for A4F analysis: polyethersulfone (PES), regenerated cellulose (RC), and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF).
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Mangifera Indica Leaves in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Plants and their bioactive constituents are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus throughout the world; especially in countries where access to the conventional treatment of diabetes mellitus is inadequate. There have been several reports on the hypoglycemic activity of Mangifera indica(MI). Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of MI leaves extract alone and in combination with an oral hypoglycemic drug, gliclazide on alloxan induced diabetic rat models. Alloxan monohydrate (125mg/kg, I.P) was used to induce diabetes in albino rats weighing 200250 g. The fasted diabetic rats were divided in to 6 groups of 6 animals each. The control group received vehicle (5% gum acacia) only. Group 2 and 3received MI 200mg/ kg, 400mg/kg respectively; Group 4 and 5 received Gliclazide 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and group 6 received MI leaves extract 200mg/kg + Gliclazide 2mg/kg. This study was conducted over a period of 15 days with oral administration of drugs and the plant extract which was started on the 6th day of alloxan treatment. The fasting blood glucose levels will be determined on day 0, 10, and 15th day by using glucometer. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison test. All the test groups showed significant (P < 0.0001) decreased fasting blood glucose levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats treated with the aqueous extract of MI. However, the Combination of MI extract with gliclazide produced a significant (P<0.0001) decrease in blood glucose level which is higher than that produced by gliclazide alone. The decrease in blood glucose levels is probably due to reduction in the intestinal absorption of glucose. MI possesses significant hypoglycemic activity probably due to presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and trepenoids and the aqueous extract of leaves contain higher levels of phenol and flavonoids which exhibit greater antioxidant activity by lowering the diabetic complication.
Investigation of workers’ exposures to vibrations produced by portable shakers

Herein note focussed the attention on the vibration levels issued by two portable shakers models build in different and subsequent times by the same building company, which presents different design and constructive solutions for both the handles. The two tools were used, during tests, by a single operator, expert in the use of this typology of tools due to his job activity during the olives harvesting campaigns; the measurements were carried out respecting the indications contained in the provisions UNI EN ISO 5349. A different dynamic behaviour of the two tools emerged from the tests. Has been highlighted, also, the importance of the evaluation of the vibrations produced by portable shakers with the purposes to carry out studies that aim to the research of technical solutions which allow the reduction of vibrations transmission through the handles and through the shoulder support device of the tool.
Effects of Most to Least Prompting on Teaching Simple Progression Swimming Skill for Children with Autism

Effects of most to least prompting on teaching simple progression swimming skill for children with autism were investigated. A single subject multiple baseline model across subjects with probe conditions was used. Participants were three boys, 9 years old. Data were collected over a 10-week with session three times a week period using the single opportunity method as an intervention. Results indicated that all the boys increased their simple progression swimming skill significantly during intervention phase. In addition, participants main- tained their successful skills during first, second and fourth week of generalization phases. Results showed that most to least prompting was an effective way of increasing and maintaining simple progression swimming skill of children with autism.
Cryptic diversity, reproductive isolation and cytoplasmic incompatibility in a classic biological control success story

Molecular genetics and symbiont diagnostics have revolutionized our understanding of insect species diversity, and the transformative effects of bacterial symbionts on host life history. Encarsia inaron is a parasitoid wasp that has been shown to harbour two bacterial endosymbionts, Wolbachia and Cardinium. Known then as E. partenopea, it was introduced to the USA in the late 1980s from populations collected in Italy and Israel for the biological control of an ornamental tree pest, the ash whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae. We studied natural populations from sites in the USA, the Mediterranean and the Middle East as well as from a Cardinium-infected laboratory culture established from Italy, with the aims of characterizing these populations genetically, testing reproductive isolation, determining symbiont infection status in their native and introduced range, and determining symbiont role. The results showed that the two Encarsia populations introduced to the USA are genetically distinct, reproductively isolated, have different symbionts and different host–symbiont interactions, and can be considered different biological species. One (‘E. inaron’) is doubly infected by Wolbachia and Cardinium, while only Cardinium is present in the other (‘E. partenopea’). The Cardinium strains in the two species are distinct, although closely related, and crossing tests indicate that the Cardinium infecting ‘E. partenopea’ induces cytoplasmic incompatibility. The frequency of symbiont infection found in the native and introduced range of these wasps was similar, unlike the pattern seen in some other systems. These results also lead to a retelling of a successful biological control story, with several more characters than had been initially described.
A General Framework of Enhancing Sparsity of Generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansions

Compressive sensing has become a powerful addition to uncertainty quantification when only limited data is available. In this paper we provide a general framework to enhance the sparsity of the representation of uncertainty in the form of generalized polynomial chaos expansion. We use alternating direction method to identify new sets of random variables through iterative rotations such that the new representation of the uncertainty is sparser. Consequently, we increases both the efficiency and accuracy of the compressive sensing-based uncertainty quantification method. We demonstrate that the previously developed iterative method to enhance the sparsity of Hermite polynomial expansion is a special case of this general framework. Moreover, we use Legendre and Chebyshev polynomials expansions to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method with applications in solving stochastic partial differential equations and high-dimensional (O(100)) problems.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolized Caroteniods in Liver of Single Dose Administration in Fancy Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The market values of ornamental species are dictated by the qualities of their skin pigmentation, body shape, fin shape and body size (Paripatananont et al., 1999). Among ornamental fish, ‘fancy carp’ (Cyprinus carpio) is being popular worldwide due to the increasing number of hobbyists. One of the frequently found problems includes the color of fancy carp which often turns pale after being raised for a period of time, the fact not preferred by hobbyists. In order to make the fancy carp color remain constantly vivid, certain sort of diet, such as ‘carotenoids’ is believed to help. However, carotenoids cannot be synthesized by most animals, including fish, and must be obtained from dietary sources (Goodwin, 1984). There has been suggestion to modify alimentary carotenoids and store them in the integument and other tissues.
MutT homolog 1 counteracts the effect of anti-neoplastic treatments in adult and pediatric glioblastoma cells

Glioblastoma, a fatal disease in both adult and pediatric patients, currently has limited treatment options that offer no more than temporary relief. Our experiments with adult and pediatric glioblastoma cell lines showed that radiation induces a dose-dependent increase in the level of MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) - an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates. Similarly, the combination of vorinostat, which is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and ABT-888, which is a PARP-1 inhibitor, enhanced clonogenic death and increased the MTH1 level, relative to each treatment alone. This result suggests that the MTH1 level is directly related to the damage that is inflicted upon the cells, and its activity protects them against anti-neoplastic therapy. Indeed, the MTH1 inhibitor TH588 and MTH1 siRNA increased glioblastoma's response to both radiation and the combination of vorinostat and ABT-888. TH588 also inhibited glioblastoma's capacity for migration and invasion. In normal fibroblasts, low radiation doses and the combination of vorinostat and ABT-888 decreased the level of the enzyme. TH588 did not alter the fibroblasts’ response to radiation and only mildly affected their response to the combination of vorinostat and ABT-888. In summary, the inhibition of MTH1 is required to better realize the therapeutic potential of anti-neoplastic treatments in glioblastoma.
38 : Fog as a Hydrologic Input

This article reviews the hydrologic importance of fog in its various forms. Meteorologically, fog is defined as a ground-touching cloud with a visibility in the horizontal of less than 1000 m. The most widely occurring fog types include radiation fog, sea fog and steam fog, and advection fog, but often fog is also referred to by its location of occurrence (coastal, valley, or mountain fog). The physical processes underlying the various types of fog are described briefly. The use, advantages, and limitations of the most common types of fog collectors, fog detectors, and fog droplet spectrometers are dealt with before embarking on a discussion of techniques for the measurement and modeling of fog deposition on forest vegetation. Results of fog deposition measurements made at selected locations (representing coastal vs. inland, lowland vs. montane, and temperate vs. tropical conditions) are compared. The data confirm the importance of fog interception at many coastal and montane sites across the tropical to mediterranean and warm-temperate climatic spectrum. Under more continental conditions, contributions by fog are usually more modest except on windy mountain ridges and summits. Finally, the paper indicates the chief gaps in knowledge regarding the measurement and importance of fog as a hydrologic input.
Biofilm formation and toxin production provide a fitness advantage in mixed colonies of environmental yeast isolates

Abstract Microbes can engage in social interactions ranging from cooperation to warfare. Biofilms are structured, cooperative microbial communities. Like all cooperative communities, they are susceptible to invasion by selfish individuals who benefit without contributing. However, biofilms are pervasive and ancient, representing the first fossilized life. One hypothesis for the stability of biofilms is spatial structure: Segregated patches of related cooperative cells are able to outcompete unrelated cells. These dynamics have been explored computationally and in bacteria; however, their relevance to eukaryotic microbes remains an open question. The complexity of eukaryotic cell signaling and communication suggests the possibility of different social dynamics. Using the tractable model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which can form biofilms, we investigate the interactions of environmental isolates with different social phenotypes. We find that biofilm strains spatially exclude nonbiofilm strains and that biofilm spatial structure confers a consistent and robust fitness advantage in direct competition. Furthermore, biofilms may protect against killer toxin, a warfare phenotype. During biofilm formation, cells are susceptible to toxin from nearby competitors; however, increased spatial use may provide an escape from toxin producers. Our results suggest that yeast biofilms represent a competitive strategy and that principles elucidated for the evolution and stability of bacterial biofilms may apply to more complex eukaryotes.
The Role of Forkhead Box Class O3A and SIRT1 Gene Variants in Early-Onset Psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, which is characterized by a heightened immunological response. Although the immunogenetics of this chronic inflammatory disorder is poorly understood, its expression is known to be dependent on proinflammatory cytokines. It is known that two distinct subtypes of chronic plaque psoriasis: Early-onset psoriasis (EOP) before the age of 40 years and late-onset psoriasis after the age of 40 years. Forkhead box class O3A (FOXO3A) is a transcription factor, which plays an important role in cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. The silent information regulator (SIRT) is thought to have a role in skin disorders, including psoriasis, that are characterized by hyperproliferation and inflammation. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate FOXO3A and SIRT1 gene polymorphisms in EOP. Methods: The study group consisted of 142 EOP patients and 123 unrelated healthy controls. FOXO3A polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. SIRT1 gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR-confronting two-pair primers methods. Results: The FOXO3A rs4946936 and SIRT1 rs7069102 gene polymorphisms were positively correlated with EOP and disease severity. The GG genotype frequency of SIRT1 rs7069102 gene polymorphisms was increased in severe EOP. The CC frequency of FOXO3A rs4946936 was increased in EOP with nail disorders. Conclusion: The rs7069102 gene polymorphism of SIRT1 and rs4946936 polymorphism of FOXO3A are associated with early onset psoriasis; this may be responsible for increased keratinocyte proliferation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and disease severity.
Developing a community-centred malaria early warning system based on indigenous knowledge: Gwanda District, Zimbabwe

Malaria continues to be a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa despite efforts that have been made to prevent and control the disease for many decades. The knowledge on prediction and occurrence of the disease that communities acquired over the years has not been seriously considered in control programmes. This article reports on studies that aimed to integrate indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) on malaria into the malaria control programme in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. The studies were conducted over a 3-year period. Data were collected using participatory rural appraisals, key informant interviews, household interviews and workshops in three wards (11, 15 and 18) with the highest malaria incidence in Gwanda District. Disease livelihoods calendars produced by the community showed their knowledge on the relationship between malaria, temperature and rainfall, and thus an understanding of malaria as a hazard. Volunteer IKS experts willing to record the indigenous environmental indicators for the occurrence of malaria in the study area were identified by the communities. Indigenous environmental indicators for the occurrence of malaria were classified as insects, plant phenology, animals, weather and cosmological indicators. Plant phenology was emphasised more than the other indicators. A community-based malaria early warning system model was developed using the identified IKS indicators in two of the wards using the ward health team as an entry point to the health system. In the model, data on indicators were collected at the village level by IKS experts, analysed at ward level by IKS experts and health workers and relayed to the district health team.