Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Pressure and Human-Computer Interaction in Face Matching

Research has consistently demonstrated that the matching of unfamiliar faces is remarkably error-prone. This raises concerns surrounding the reliability of this task in operational settings, such as passport control, to verify a person's identity. A large proportion of the research investigating face matching has done so whilst employing highly optimised same-day face photographs. Conversely, such ideal conditions are unlikely to arise in realistic contexts, thus making it difficult to estimate accuracy in these settings from current research. To attempt to address this limitation, the experiments in this thesis aimed to explore performance in forensic face matching under a range of conditions that were intended to more closely approximate those at passport control. This was achieved by developing a new test of face matching - the Kent Face Matching Test (KFMT) - in which to-be-matched stimuli were photographed months apart (Chapter 2). The more challenging conditions provided by the KFMT were then utilised throughout the subsequent experiments reported, to investigate the impact of time pressure on task performance (Chapter 3), as well as the reliability of human-computer interaction at passport control (Chapter 4). The results of these experiments indicate that person identification at passport control is substantially more challenging than is currently estimated by studies that employ highly optimised face-pair stimuli. This was particularly evident on identity mismatch trials, for which accuracy deteriorated consistently within sessions, due to a match response bias that emerged over time (Chapters 2 & 3). These results are discussed within the context of passport control, and suggestions are provided for future research to further reveal why errors might arise in this task.
Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia Through Inhibition of Akt Signaling

Background— Celecoxib has been shown to have antitumor effects that may be mediated through the cyclooxygenase-independent inhibition of Akt signaling. Here, we examined the effects of celecoxib on neointimal formation after balloon injury and its mechanism of action. Methods and Results— In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of celecoxib on the Akt/GSK signaling axis and the viability of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In vivo experiments examined the effects of celecoxib, aspirin, and vehicle on neointimal growth after denudation injury to rat carotid arteries. In vitro, celecoxib suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK in cultured VSMCs, leading to a reduction in viable cell number, which was reversed by transduction of constitutively active Akt. Such a reduction in cell number was mediated by inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In vivo, celecoxib reduced injury-induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK, reduced VSMC proliferation, and increased ca.
The DNA Toolbox:Development and optimisation of molecular techniques to identify red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)

The red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) has seen a population decline in Ireland and Britain over the last 100 years since the introduction of the North American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolineneis). The decline has been attributed to a number of factors including habitat loss and direct competition with the invasive grey squirrel. As a result, there is a growing need to monitor the distribution of both species for conservation management. Squirrels can be surveyed non-invasively using hair-tubes, and the species can be identified by microscopic identification of individual hairs. To increase the information obtained from non-invasive surveys a suite of DNA tools to identify both squirrel species from non-invasive DNA samples were developed in this study. This involved the design of real-time PCR assays designed to amplify short DNA fragments of red and grey squirrel DNA. A molecular dietary study of pine marten (Martes martes) scats using the species-specific assays to detect squirrel DNA in the pine marten diet was also conducted. Methods to determine the gender of squirrels were investigated by testing the utility of a range of Y-chromosome markers. A panel of previously published microsatellite DNA markers were screened and optimised to identify individual red squirrels. The techniques were applied to a hair-tube study in County Waterford, South East Ireland, where individual red squirrels were identified. Additional samples were collected from subpopulations throughout Ireland, and a remnant red squirrel population in mid Wales where the genetic variability of the populations were assessed using microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. The combination of these tools can be used for non-invasive monitoring and translocation projects of the red squirrel.
Advances in Stroke Prevention

Abstract There have been recent advances in stroke prevention in nutrition, blood pressure control, antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation, identification of high-risk asymptomatic carotid stenosis, and percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale. There is evidence that the Mediterranean diet significantly reduces the risk of stroke and that B vitamins lower homocysteine, thus preventing stroke. The benefit of B vitamins to lower homocysteine was masked by harm from cyanocobalamin among study participants with impaired renal function; we should be using methylcobalamin instead of cyanocobalamin. Blood pressure control can be markedly improved by individualized therapy based on phenotyping by plasma renin and aldosterone. Loss of function mutations of CYP2D19 impair activation of clopidogrel and limits its efficacy; ticagrelor can avoid this problem. New oral anticoagulants that are not significantly more likely than aspirin to cause severe bleeding, and prolonged monitoring for atrial fibrillation (AF), have revolutionized the prevention of cardioembolic stroke. Most patients (~90%) with asymptomatic carotid stenosis are better treated with intensive medical therapy; the few that could benefit from stenting or endarterectomy can be identified by a number of approaches, the best validated of which is transcranial Doppler (TCD) embolus detection. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale has been shown to be efficacious but should only be implemented in selected patients; they can be identified by clinical clues to paradoxical embolism and by TCD estimation of shunt grade. “Treating arteries instead of treating risk factors,” and recent findings related to the intestinal microbiome and atherosclerosis point the way to promising advances in future.
Flowering of Australia's Rainforests

The Flowering of Australia’s Rainforests provides a comprehensive introduction to the pollination ecology, evolution and conservation of Australian rainforest plants, with particular emphasis on subtropical rainforests and their associated pollinators. This significantly expanded second edition includes new information on the impact of climate change, fire, fragmentation and invasive species. Rainforests continue to be a focus of global conservation concern, not only from threats to biodiversity in general, but to pollinators specifically. Within Australia, this has been emphasised by recent cataclysmic fire impacts, ongoing extreme drought events, and the wider consideration of climate change. This second edition strengthens coverage of these issues beyond that of the first edition. The Flowering of Australia’s Rainforests makes timely contributions to our understanding of the nature and function of the world’s pollinator fauna, plant-reproduction dependencies, and the evolutionary pathway that has brought them to their current state and function. Illustrated with 150 colour plates of major species and rainforest formations, this reference work will be of value to ecologists and field naturalists, botanists, conservation biologists, ecosystem managers and community groups involved in habitat restoration.
Intracoronary Stenting and Risk for Major Adverse Cardiac Events During the First Month

Background—Our rationale for this study was to analyze the risk for procedural failure of attempted stenting and the risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after success and to develop a risk stratification protocol for successful procedures. Methods and Results—Stenting was attempted in 2894 procedures during the 5-year study period (success in 98.3% of 3815 lesions). After failure, the MACE rate was 42.6%. The risk for failure was higher for lesions in the left circumflex coronary artery or in venous bypass grafts and after an acute occlusion before stenting; it increased with stenosis length or grade and decreased with vessel size and growing institutional experience in stenting. After success, death occurred in 0.8%, death or myocardial infarction in 2.0%, and any MACE in 3.6%. Independent risk factors for MACE were older age, diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, impaired left ventricular function, residual dissections, stent overlap, longer stented segments, and a postprocedu.
Detection of an asymptomatic non-palpable non-lymphomatous CD8+ splenic hamartoma

1 Pathologist, Department of Pathology, RML Mehrotra Pathology Ltd, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Senior resident, Dept of Pathology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences and research center, Ataria, Lucknow, India 4 Pathologist, RML Mehrotra Pathology Ltd, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding Author Dr Ashok Kumar Kapoor Pathologist, Department of Pathology, RML Mehrotra Pathology Pvt Limited B 171, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow-226020, Uttar Pradesh, India Email: drashokkapoor2016@gmail.com Abstract Present case report relates to the incidental finding of a splenic hamartoma during a medical check-up. Later, splenectomy was done. Tumor measured 3.5×3×3 cms. Microscopic examination of tumor showed unencapsulated disorganized tortuous vascular spaces of variable width, lined by plump endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of lining endothelial cells with anti-CD8 + antibody revealed a positive reaction. Anti-CD8 + positivity suggested the tumor to be a splenic hamartoma. It is a rare benign tumor. Present tumor was arising from red pulp (type II splenic hamartoma).
Stable Microreentrant Sources as a Mechanism of Atrial Fibrillation in the Isolated Sheep Heart

Background—Atrial fibrillation (AF) has traditionally been described as aperiodic or random. Yet, ongoing sources of high-frequency periodic activity have recently been suggested to underlie AF in the sheep heart. Our objective was to use a combination of optical and bipolar electrode recordings to identify sites of periodic activity during AF and elucidate their mechanism. Methods and Results—AF was induced by rapid pacing in the presence of 0.1 to 0.5 μmol/L acetylcholine in 7 Langendorff-perfused sheep hearts. We used simultaneous optical mapping of the right and left atria (RA and LA) and frequency sampling of optical and bipolar electrode recordings (including a roving electrode) to identify sites having the highest dominant frequency (DF). Rotors were identified from optical recordings, and their rotation period, core area, and perimeter were measured. In all, 35 AF episodes were analyzed. Mean LA and RA DFs were 14.7±3.8 and 10.3±2.1 Hz, respectively. Spatiotemporal periodicity was seen in the LA d.
The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA's Open Source Software for Deriving and Processing Terrain Data

The NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline is a suite of free and open source automated geodesy and stereogrammetry tools designed for processing stereo images captured from satellites (around Earth and other planets), robotic rovers, aerial cameras, and historical images, with and without accurate camera pose information. It produces cartographic products, including digital terrain models, ortho‐projected images, 3‐D models, and bundle‐adjusted networks of cameras. Ames Stereo Pipeline's data products are suitable for science analysis, mission planning, and public outreach.
Voluminous Goiters in Surgery B of Chu of Point G: Diagnostic Aspects

Purpose: To describe the aspects of the positive diagnosis of large goiters. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and prospective study including 115 patients from January, 2009 till December, 2014 (6 years) in Central Hospital of University of Point G in Bamako (Mali). The diagnosis of large goiters was based on the measurements of the anterior neck swelling. Thus large goiter was defined as any goiter including the height or width was greater than or equal to 10 cm (centimeters). Results: We operated 115 cases of large goiters on 760 goiters operated either 15.1%. The average age of patients was 44, 43 years ±14, 3 with extremes of 9 and 80 years. There was 101 women (87.8%) and 14 men (12.2%) with a sex ratio of 7.2 in favor of women. The signs of compression were dyspnea in 40% of cases (46/115), dysphonia in 13.0% (15/115), and dysphagia in 8.6% (10/115). The average height of goiter was 12.1 cm ± 3.5 cm with extremes of 10 and 29 cm and the average width was 14.4 cm ± 5.4 cm with extremes of 10 and 32 cm. Thyroid ultrasound found large goiters multinodular in 100%. Cervical radiography found the tracheal deviation in 48.2% (42/87), tracheal compression in 20.6% (18/87), plunging goiters in 11.5% (10/87). Cytology found a benign goiter in 97.4% of cases (112/115), malignant (thyroid cancer) in 2.6% of cases (3/115). Conclusion: Diagnosis of large goiters was based on the measurement of the swelling in our context. The signs of compression are the severity of this condition.
The Impact of Explicit Instruction and Intentional Learning in the Reception of Vocabulary--An Experimental Study.

This study investigates the importance of the reception of vocabulary in the language learning process of second language learners of English considering the evident role of vocabulary in the language fluency of the learners. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of explicit instruction and intentional learning environment in the reception of vocabulary. Thirty students from a Government school in the Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu participated in this study. The vocabulary aspects of the English textbook under the Tamil Nadu Uniform Syllabus were analysed followed by the observation of the teaching methods employed by the teacher and the learning strategies used by the learner in the learning of the vocabulary in the selected classroom setting. Post the qualitative analysis of the observations made based on the conceptual framework of Henriksen's model of vocabulary development, a comparative study was conducted to quantitatively explore the influence of the explicit instruction and intentional learning in the reception of the target vocabulary. The participants' reception of vocabulary was gauged using the VKS (Vocabulary Knowledge Scale) and the results were tabulated. The statistical analysis of the data using the t-test tool confirmed that the explicit instruction of vocabulary and creating an intentional learning environment among the learners did result in a significant improvement in the reception of the target vocabulary of the second language learners of English. One of the key implications of the study is that the theoretical understanding of the available concepts of vocabulary knowledge and the process of vocabulary acquisition is mandatory in designing the textbook materials and in framing methodologies for the teaching of vocabulary, to the learners of English as a second language.
Incidence of inpatient venous thromboembolism in treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the association with switching biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the real-world setting

Objectives To assess incidence rates (IRs) of VTE in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on different DMARDs and DMARD switchers. Methods Adults with RA on a DMARD between 2007 and 2017 were studied in a US claims database. Conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) users, first biologic/targeted synthetic DMARD (b/tsDMARD) users and b/tsDMARD switchers (from a b/tsDMARD to another b/tsDMARD) were followed for inpatient VTE (pulmonary embolism (PE)/deep vein thrombosis (DVT)). Crude and adjusted IR and 95% CIs of VTE were estimated. HRs for VTE were estimated via Cox regression. VTE risk was also evaluated by number of switches between b/tsDMARDs and in patients without a VTE history. Results The age and sex standardised IR (95% CI) of VTE (per 100 person-years) was 0.86 (0.70 to 1.03), 0.60 (0.52 to 0.68) and 0.58 (0.51 to 0.65) for b/tsDMARD switchers, first b/tsDMARD users and csDMARD users, respectively. After adjustment, b/tsDMARD switchers had an increased risk of VTE, compared with csDMARD users, HRadj (95% CI) being 1.36 (1.16 to 1.58), 1.36 (1.13 to 1.63) and 1.47 (1.18 to 1.83) for VTE, DVT and PE, respectively. Compared with first b/tsDMARD users, the HRadj (95% CI) for VTE was 1.35 (1.15 to 1.60) for first b/tsDMARD switchers and 1.48 (1.19 to 1.85) for second b/tsDMARD switchers. Conclusions In RA, b/tsDMARD switchers have a higher VTE risk compared with csDMARD users and first b/tsDMARD users. Switching b/tsDMARDs may be a proxy for higher disease severity or poorly controlled RA and an important confounder to consider in obtaining unbiased estimates of VTE risk in observational RA safety studies.
Multiple sleep dimensions and type 2 diabetes risk among women in the Sister Study: differences by race/ethnicity

Objective Poor sleep has been associated with type 2 diabetes. Since racial/ethnic minorities experience a disproportionately high prevalence of poor sleep and type 2 diabetes, we sought to determine the relationships between multiple sleep dimensions and incident type 2 diabetes and to investigate if these relationships vary by race/ethnicity. Research design and methods Prospective data were analyzed from the Sister Study, which enrolled 50 884 women from 2003 to 2009. Participants self-reported sleep duration, sleep latency, night awakenings, and napping at baseline, and a physician’s diagnosis of type 2 diabetes at follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Among the 39 071 eligible participants, 87% self-identified as white, 8% black and 5% Hispanic/Latina. The mean follow-up period was 8.5±2.1 years and 1785 type 2 diabetes cases were reported. The incidence rate per 1000 person-years was 5.4 for whites, 13.3 for blacks and 11.6 for Hispanics/Latinas. There was a positive but non-significant increased risk of type 2 diabetes among women who reported short sleep, latency >30 min and frequent night awakenings. In fully-adjusted models, frequent napping was associated with a 19% (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.37) higher type 2 diabetes risk in the overall sample. Poor sleep among racial/ethnic minorities ranged from a 1.4-fold to a 3.2-fold higher type 2 diabetes risk than whites with recommended sleep. Conclusions Frequent napping was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk. Racial/ethnic minorities with poor sleep had a higher type 2 diabetes risk than whites with recommended sleep.
When Expectancies Are Violated: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Positive and negative expectancies drive behavioral and neurobiological placebo and nocebo effects, which in turn can have profound effects on patient improvement or worsening. However, expectations of events and outcomes are often not met in daily life and clinical practice. It is currently unknown how this affects placebo and nocebo effects. We have demonstrated that the violation of expectancies, such as when there is a discrepancy between what is expected and what is actually presented, reduces both placebo and nocebo effects while causing an extinction of placebo effects. The reduction of placebo and nocebo effects was paralleled by an activation of the left inferior parietal cortex, a brain region that redirects attention when discrepancies between sensory and cognitive events occur. Our findings highlight the importance of expectancy violation in shaping placebo and nocebo effects and open up new avenues for managing positive and negative expectations in clinical trials and practices.
FORENSIC STUDY FOR DETERMINATION OF THE INCIDENCE OF PERSISTENT METOPIC (FRONTAL) SUTURE AND ITS RELATION TO AGE AND SEX AMONG SAMPLE OF EGYPTIAN SKULLS

Introduction: At birth the frontal bone contains two portions, separated by the metopic (frontal) suture. Metopism is the condition of having a persistent metopic suture. Aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of persistence of metopic suture, their shape and its relation to age and sex in Egyptian human skulls. Material and Method: The study was conducted on 147 human dry skulls which belong to the museum of the department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. The metopic sutures were classified as complete and incomplete types. Incomplete metopic sutures were divided into three groups as present in the lower part of the frontal bone, in the upper part and in the middle part. The incomplete lower metopic sutures were further subdivided into linear, ‘V’ shaped and ‘U’ shaped. Results: From this study, absence metopic sutures were observed in 84 (57.1%) skulls, while it was present in 63 (42.9%) ones. The complete metopic suture (metopism) was seen in 12 (8.2%) skulls and incomplete one in 51 (34.7%). Among the incomplete ones, linear, ‘U’ and ‘V’ shaped was found in 36 (24.5%), 9 (6.1%), and 6 (4.1%), respectively. All incomplete metopic sutures were found in the lower part of frontal bone, but no suture remnant was found in the upper and middle part of frontal bone. Incomplete lower V shaped metopic suture presented in all female skulls. There were statistical significant relation between absent, complete, incomplete lower linear and incomplete lower V shaped metopic suture regarding age. Also there was statistical significant relation between metopism regarding age and sex. There was sensitivity and specificity for both age and sex with metopic suture. Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence of metopism was 8.2% while incomplete metopic sutures were 34.7%. This incidence may be valuable information for identification of the person and for radiologists and neurosurgeons in practice to concern about metopic suture in emergency diagnosis of frontal bone fractures.
Stroke awareness in people with hypertension

Having the public be able to recognize stroke symptoms are the most important factor in order to decrease delaying optimal treatment. The aim of this study is to assess stroke aware of hypertensive patients are about strokes. The study group consisted of 350 consecutive hypertensive patients. A self-administered questionnaire that was prepared by two skilled cardiologist was given to the study subjects. The questionnaire was designed to gather data demographics, how they defined what a stroke was, risk factors, symptoms, behavior at the onset of stroke, prevalence of stroke, and knowledge about hypertension-related complications. A total of 336 subjects completed and returned the questionnaire (96% response rate). Their mean age was 53.2±5.2. The majority of subjects were female (206, 61%). The prevalence of stroke history was 3.7% (12 subjects) in the population. Three hundred (89%) subjects were aware of the stroke risks associated of hypertension. Paralysis (255, 76%) and aphasia (232, 69%) were the most widely known symptoms for stroke. While level of awareness did not differ between either genders, it did differ when it came to age and level of education. Hypertensive patients have a high level of awareness about the risk of stroke in association with their disease. But the other risk factors and symptoms were not well known. The attempts for improving educational level can be helpful in order to increase awareness of stroke among hypertension patients.