Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More vasomotor symptoms in menopause among women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy diseases compared with women with normotensive pregnancies

Objective Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality in women worldwide. In recent years, several female-specific cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertensive pregnancy diseases (HPDs) and vasomotor menopausal symptoms (VMS), have been identified. In this study, we evaluated the association between a history of HPD and the presence of VMS. Methods We consecutively included 853 women (mean age, 55.5 y) who visited the outpatient cardiovascular clinic for women in Kampen between 2003 and 2010. The visit included a questionnaire on history of HPD, demographic characteristics, and VMS; physical examination; and blood sampling. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results A history of HPD was reported by 274 women (32%), and VMS were reported by 83% of women with a history of HPD and by 75% of women without a history of HPD. In adjusted models, VMS were more often present (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.00-2.63) and more frequently persisted for longer than 1 year (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.08-3.89) among women with a history of HPD than among women with normotensive pregnancies. VMS were more often severe in women with a history of HPD, but this did not reach significance (adjusted OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92-1.80). The frequency and intensity of VMS did not differ between both groups. Conclusions In our “Kampen women cardiology clinic” cohort, women with a history of HPD report VMS during the menopausal transition significantly more often than women with normotensive pregnancies.
An Evaluation of the Coping Patterns of Rape Victims

The current study sought to provide an expansion of Resick and Schnicke's information-processing model of interpersonal violence response. Their model posits that interpersonal violence threatens victims' schematic beliefs and that victims can resolve this threat through assimilation, accommodation, or overaccommodation. In addition, it is hypothesized that how victims resolve schematic threat affects their coping strategies. To test this hypothesis, a cluster analysis of rape victims' coping patterns was conducted. Victims' coping patterns were related to distress, self-worth, and rape label in ways consistent with predictions. Thus, future research should focus on the implications of how victims integrate trauma with schemas.
Effects of Locally and Systemically Applied n-3 Fatty Acid on Oral Ulcer Recovery Process in Rats.

UNLABELLED ﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿ Introduction. Ulcers are one of the most frequent diseases af- fecting the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid (topical and systemic) on oral mucosa wound healing in rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this study, adult male rats in 5 groups (n = 16 per group) were used (L: local, S: systemic, LB: local blank, SB: systemic blank, and C: control.) A wound (2 mm di- ameter) was punched into the hard palate of each rat. A mucosal de- fect (2 mm in diameter and 0.2 mm in wall thickness) was made to the depth of the periosteum in the palate with a round stainless steel blade designed for punch biopsy. For topical application, a swab was soaked in L omega-3 or LB and packed into the wound. For systemic treatment, 2 cc of the S omega-3 acid or SB was guided into the stom- ach by gastric gavage. The control group was not treated. Histological samples were harvested on post-injury days 2, 4, 6, and 8. RESULTS The highest amount of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was observed on days 2 and 4 in the LB group. The control group had the highest inflammation score on days 2 and 4, and the lowest reepithelialization score on days 2, 4, 6, and 8. The thickest epithelium was observed in the L and S groups on days 6 and 8. CONCLUSION Omega-3 fatty acid (L and S) increases fibroblast counts and decreases PMN cell counts. Moreover, this compound causes an increase in reepithelialization and epithelial thickness. ﻿﻿﻿.
Generalization of Positive and Negative Attitudes Toward Individuals to Outgroup Attitudes

The generalization of attitudes toward individual outgroup members into attitudes toward the outgroup as a whole can affect intergroup relations. However, little is known about the relative strengths of the generalization of negative and positive interpersonal attitudes into attitudes about the outgroup. The unique contribution of negative (disliking) interpersonal attitudes to intergroup attitudes was examined and its strength was compared with the effect of positive (liking) interpersonal attitudes, using cross-sectional (Study 1; N = 733, age 10-12) and longitudinal data (Study 2; N = 960, age 12-13). Disliking uniquely contributed to respondents’ outgroup attitudes. The generalization of interpersonal liking and disliking was about equally strong in both studies. This underpins the importance of examining the effects of both positive and negative intergroup contact experiences on the formation of outgroup attitudes.
Changes in gene expression following induction of ischemic tolerance in rat brain: Detection and verification

Tolerance against ischemic insults can be elicited in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus by inducing a short ischemic period 2–3 days prior to the ischemic insult. To detect genes whose expression changes following induction of ischemic tolerance (IT), we applied a differential display technique called restriction fragment differential display‐PCR (RFDD‐PCR). RFDD‐PCR displays the coding region of mRNA and allows detection of differentially expressed mRNA. Double‐stranded cDNA generated using a T25V primer is digested by the endonuclease TaqI, and adapters are ligated onto the cDNA fragments. When amplifying the adapter‐containing cDNA fragments under high‐stringency conditions, reproducible PCR profiles are obtained. By comparing these profiles from naïve and ischemia‐tolerant rat brains statistically, significant expression changes of 20 fragments were identified. To verify the observed changes, quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization were performed for three fragments representing proteins with quite different functions (GluR2‐flop, SC1, and p68 RNA helicase). Quantitative PCR displayed the same degree of regulation as RFDD‐PCR, but in situ hybridization did not display any regulation. As the applied PCR‐based techniques detect only polyadenylated mRNA, whereas in situ hybridization detects both nonadenylated and adenylated mRNA, changes in the polyadenylation state of the mRNA, rather than inconsistent changes in the total amount of mRNA, probably explain this discrepancy. Thus, our results show that the expression of genes hitherto not related to IT changes with the induction of IT and that the degree of regulation displayed by RFDD‐PCR can be verified by quantitative PCR. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:54–58, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B-type natriuretic peptide after open-water and hyperbaric chamber exposure to 10 msw.

INTRODUCTION Hyperbaric environment exposure in humans has cardiovascular effects mainly characterized by an increase in afterload and a decrease in cardiac output. In a previous study we did not find B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) changes in healthy volunteers exposed to hyperbaric oxygen while other authors documented a significant increase in N-terminal pro-BNP after scuba diving. On the basis of these data we hypothesized that dry hyperbaric exposure and scuba diving could have different effects on BNP secretion. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers performed a 1-h open-sea air dive at 10 m depth (T); a few days later they were compressed in air in a hyperbaric chamber (CT) using the same dive profile. Three venous blood samples were drawn for each session: before starting the dives (T0 and CT0), immediately after exiting the water and the chamber (T1 and CT1), and 5 h later (T2 and CT2). RESULTS A significant increase in plasma BNP was found with respect to baseline conditions after scuba diving both at T1 (median increment +32.69% [interquartile range +25.62 to +65.35%]) and at T2 (+28.03% [+23.08 to +38.92%]) while no differences were documented after the same dive in dry conditions either at CT1 (+1.34% [-17.57 to +33.55%]) or at CT2 (0.00% [17,67 to +21.62%]). DISCUSSION These preliminary findings show that scuba diving and dry hyperbaric exposure, although at the same environmental pressure, cause different effects on ventricular loads in healthy subjects.
The Influence of Behavioral Inhibition and Approach on Affective Modification of the Startle Response

Startle modification is a robust phenomenon that has been used as a tool in the research of emotion and motivation. In a picture viewing paradigm, valence of affective pictures modulates startle magnitude. There is a debate on whether emotional or attentional processes are the mechanism of startle modification. The present study sought to address this question by investigating the individual differences related to startle modification and explore the relationship of the trait-like physiological variables and startle modification. The study creatively calculated standardized startle scores and treated personality variables as continuous variable. The results showed that specific contents of the affective pictures had different effects of startle modification. Personality variables influence the startle modification in emotion conditions differently. Cardiac activities were related to raw startle magnitude but not to startle modification. The results have suggested that there are the influences of individual differences in attention and effortful control on startle modification and attention and that emotion and attention interact with each other in startle modification. The study filled gaps in the research on startle modification and personality and guided future studies of this topic. PERSONALITY AND STARTLE MODIFICATION iii
End-systolic pressure-dimension relationship of in situ mouse left ventricle.

The increasing popularity of genetically engineered mice in cardiovascular research has made it important to evaluate cardiac function in small animals. We have developed a system to enable simultaneous pressure-dimension analysis of the mouse left ventricle. The chest was opened under anesthesia, and a 1.4 F micromanometer catheter was inserted into the left ventricle through the apex. A pair of sonomicrometry crystals were attached to the anterior and posterior walls using tissue adhesive. Pressure and dimension were recorded simultaneously at baseline and after isoproterenol injection (1 micro g, intraperitoneally). The ascending aorta was occluded transiently to estimate the end-systolic pressure-dimension relationship (ESPDR), which was parameterized subsequently by the quadratic equation: Pes=C2 X (Des-D0)2+E0 X (Des-D0), where Pes is end-systolic pressure, Des is end-systolic dimension, D0 is the dimension axis intercept, E0 is the local slope at D0, and C2 is the curvilinearity coefficient. The maximum and minimum external dimensions at baseline were 5.82+/-0.50 (s.d.) mm and 5.49+/-0.46 mm with fractional shortening of 0.057+/-0.014 (n=12). The ESPDR was significantly curvilinear and increased convexity after isoproterenol injection (C2, -444+/-281 to -1113+/-780 mmHg/mm2, P<0. 05; E0, 536+/-175 to 889+/-276 mmHg/mm, P<0.001), while the dimension axis intercept remained relatively constant (D0, 5.39+/-0. 46 to 5.37+/-0.52 mm). In conclusion, the combination of miniature piezo-electric crystals and a micromanometer enables continuous measurement of pressure and dimension of in situ mouse left ventricle. This technology may be useful in evaluating the cardiac phenotype of genetically engineered mice.
Arbeitsweise der Bankenaufsicht vor dem Hintergrund der Finanzmarktkrise

In Deutschland wird die Aufsicht uber die Banken arbeitsteilig von der Bundesanstalt fur Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht und der Deutschen Bundesbank durchgefuhrt, wobei sie vor allem an die Vorgaben des Kreditwesengesetzes gebunden ist. Die Finanzkrise, die im Sommer 2007 ihren Anfang nahm, hat die Frage nach den Schwachen in der Arbeitsweise der Bankenaufsicht aufgeworfen. Das Bundesministerium der Finanzen hat das Autorenkonsortium beauftragt, im Rahmen eines Gutachtens eine Schwachstellenanalyse vorzunehmen. Im Detail wird in diesem Gutachten analysiert, dass die Bankenaufsicht erstens unzureichend auf das Problem der Umgehung von Regulierungen eingegangen ist und zweitens bei der Aufsicht systemische Zusammenhange vernachlassigt hat, sodass die Verwerfungen nicht lokal begrenzt blieben, sondern zu einem Problem des gesamten Finanzsystems wurden. Die Verantwortung fur diese Schwachen mussen zwar auch die Institutionen der Bankenaufsicht ubernehmen. Aber die Analyse zeigt auserdem, dass fehlerhafte Regulierungsvorgaben und Regulierungslucken die Aufsicht geschwacht haben. Die Untersuchung begnugt sich nicht mit einer Schwachstellenanalyse, sondern legt zudem eine Liste mit zehn konkreten Verbesserungsvorschlagen vor.
Perivascular spaces in MS patients at 7 Tesla MRI: A marker of neurodegeneration?

Background: Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are associated with vascular and neurodegenerative disease. In multiple sclerosis (MS), VRS have been associated with neuroinflammation. Ultra-high field imaging may be used to gain insight in these contradictory findings. Objective: The objective of this paper is to analyze VRS in MS patients using high-resolution 7 Tesla (T) MRI. Additionally, we investigated whether the widening of VRS is related to inflammatory or neurodegenerative aspects of MS. Methods: Thirty-four MS patients and 11 healthy controls were examined at 7T. Number and size of VRS were measured on three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images, and 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were used for MS lesion detection. Brain atrophy was quantified by computing supratentorial brain volume fraction (sBVF). VRS counts were correlated with clinical variables, lesion count and sBVF. Results: MS patients displayed more VRS (median 11) than healthy controls (median four), p = 0.001. VRS size did not differ between both groups. VRS count in MS patients was associated with sBVF (rho = −0.40, p = 0.02), but not with lesion count (p = 0.22). Conclusions: The 7T MRI reveals increased numbers of VRS in MS. The finding that VRS are associated with supratentorial brain atrophy, but not with lesion count, suggests that VRS might rather serve as a neurodegenerative than an inflammatory marker in MS.
Autosomal dominant inheritance in Cantú syndrome (congenital hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, and cardiomegaly).

Cantú syndrome (CS) is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, cardiomegaly, and coarse facial appearance; autosomal recessive inheritance has been postulated. We report on a Mexican family with CS; the affected members are the 44-year-old father and his two children (a male and female), aged 14 and 4 years, respectively; each shows the classic characteristics, but the father and the brother also have a previously unreported feature, namely, a thick calvarium. This is the first reported instance of male-to-male transmission of CS. With the paternal age effect found in the reported sporadic cases and the segregation analysis [Robertson et al., 1999], autosomal dominant inheritance is more likely than autosomal recessive inheritance. The cases of affected sibs reported by Cantú et al. [1982] could be explained by parental gonadal mosaicism.
Activating the Centerfold Syndrome: Recency of Exposure, Sexual Explicitness, Past Exposure to Objectifying Media

This experimental study tested whether exposure to female centerfold images causes young adult males to believe more strongly in a set of beliefs clinical psychologist Gary Brooks terms “the centerfold syndrome. ” The centerfold syndrome consists of five beliefs: voyeurism, sexual reductionism, masculinity validation, trophyism, and nonrelational sex. Past exposure to objectifying media was positively correlated with all five centerfold syndrome beliefs. Recent exposure to centerfolds interacted with past exposure to predict three of the five centerfold syndrome beliefs. Recent exposure to centerfolds had immediate strengthening effects on the sexual reductionism, masculinity validation, and nonrelational sex beliefs of males who view objectifying media less frequently. These effects persisted for approximately 48 hours.
The Effect of Masseter Activity Patterns during Chewing on Suprahyoid Activity in Subsequent Chewing Cycles

Few studies have evaluated the effects of activity patterns of the jaw closing muscles assessed by specific parameters on jaw opening in subsequent cycles during the chewing of food. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the effect of the masseter (jaw closer) activity patterns on suprahyoid (jaw opener) activity during subsequent cycles. The assessments were performed while participants naturally chewed six test foods that differed in size dimensions and textural properties. Surface electromyograms of the masseter (on the habitual working side) and suprahyoid muscles were recorded in ten healthy young adults, each of whom randomly received one of the six test foods. The activity patterns were assessed using three parameters specifically developed for their quantification. Changes in suprahyoid activity during each of the subsequent chewing cycles were examined by three amplitudinal (minimum, maximum, and net values of the integrated suprahyoid electromyogram) parameters and one durational (active duration) parameter. The main finding was that two of the three activity pattern parameters had a statistically significant effect only on the three amplitudinal parameters in three of the six test foods. These results suggest that masseter activity patterns partially affect suprahyoid activity during subsequent chewing cycles and that the effect is food dependent. A possible neural mechanism responsible for this effect is presented.
TGF‐β inhibits osteogenesis by upregulating the expression of ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 via MAPK‐ERK signaling

High incidence of osteoporotic fractures emphasizes the necessity of developing effective measures to promote osteogenesis. In our study, we investigated a possible role of MAPK‐ERK signaling in the TGF‐β‐mediated osteoblastic differentiation. Our results indicated that TGF‐β activated the MAPK‐ERK pathway and inhibited osteogenesis in mesenchymal pluripotent cell line, C3H10T1/2, and preosteoblastic cell line, MC3T3 cells. And the downregulation of MAPK‐ERK signaling using pharmacological inhibitor U0126 and RNA interference rescued osteoblast differentiation suppressed by TGF‐β, which was confirmed by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarrn red staining, and the enhanced expression of osteogenesic markers. Western blotting analysis indicated that TGF‐β induced protein expression of E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase SMURF1, which contributed to the degradation of RUNX2 and SMAD1 as evidenced by SMURF1 inhibition using RNA interference and proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, we observed that the expression of SMURF1 was decreased, while that of SMAD1 and RUNX2 increased by MAPK‐ERK inhibitor U0126 in TGF‐β‐treated differentiating preosteoblasts, suggesting that MAPK‐ERK regulated the transcription of osteogenesis‐related genes. Furthermore, a synergistic effect between U0126 and bone morphogenic protein (BMP)‐2 on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation was observed both in cell cultures and experimental animals. In conclusion, our results revealed that TGF‐β inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by inducing the MAPK‐ERK pathway which upregulated the expression of ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 and resulted in reduced presence of osteogenic proteins. In addition, the potentiation of BMP‐2 on osteogenic activity by ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 suggests that it may have potential clinical utility for promoting osteogenesis in bone fracture repair.
Physiological factors affecting carbon tetrachloride dehalogenation by the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain KC

Pseudomonas sp. strain KC was grown on a medium with a low content of transition metals in order to examine the conditions for carbon tetrachloride (CT) transformation. Several carbon sources, including acetate, glucose, glycerol, and glutamate, were able to support CT transformation. The chelators 2,2'-dipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline stimulated CT transformation in a rich medium that otherwise did not support this activity. Low (< 10 microM) additions of dissolved iron(II), iron(III), and cobalt(II), as well as an insoluble iron(III) compound, ferric oxyhydroxide, inhibited CT transformation. The addition of 50 microM iron to actively growing cultures resulted in delayed inhibition of CT transformation. CT transformation was seen in aerobic cultures of KC, but with reduced efficiency compared with denitrifying cultures. Inhibition of CT transformation by iron was also seen in aerobically grown cultures. Optimal conditions were used in searching for effective CT transformation activity among denitrifying enrichments grown from samples of aquifer material. No activity comparable to that of Pseudomonas sp. strain KC was found among 16 samples tested.
Effects of Tension Force on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharides

Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), with the potential for multi-directional differentiation and reproduction, are the target cells of orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mechanical tension force and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on hPDLCs and whether they induce proliferative and differentiated characters in vitro. Tension force was applied to hPDLCs stimulated with and without LPS for 24 hrs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was carried out to analyze the mRNA expression of Cyclin 2 (CCND2), WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Significant differences were indicated by P < 0.05. The results showed that tension force promoted the mRNA expression of both the proliferation-related genes (CCND2 and WISP1) and differentiation-related genes (RUNX2 and ALP), and that both were enhanced by the simulation of LPS. In addition, the relative expression ratios CCND2/RUNX2 and CCND2/ALP both increased significantly after the application of tension, and this effect was further enhanced by LPS. All results indicated that with the assessed level of mechanical force loading, tension could promote both the proliferation and differentiation of hPDLCs, which could be enhanced by LPS, and that proliferation is promoted to a greater extent than differentiation. These findings may be valuable for understanding the importance of the application of suitable mechanical force in periodontal remodeling, especially in the process of orthodontic tooth movement with inflammation.
SiGe:C BiCMOS technology with 3.6 ps gate delay

A high-speed SiGe:C HBT technology is presented that combines a new extrinsic base construction with a low-resistance collector design to simultaneously minimize base and collector resistances and base-collector capacitance. A ring oscillator delay of 3.6 ps per stage was achieved. To our knowledge, this is the shortest gate delay reported to date for a SiGe technology. The HBTs demonstrate an f/sub T/ of 190 GHz, an f/sub max/ of 243 GHz, and a BV/sub CEO/ of 1.9 V at an drawn emitter size of 0.175/spl times/0.84 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The high-speed HBT module has been integrated in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS platform.