Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KAP STUDY ON CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS IN KANPUR DISTRICT OF UP

Research question- what is the status of knowledge, attitude andpractices aboutfamilyplanning Objectives: 1. To study the knowledge about various contraceptive, 2. To study the prevalent attitude and practices regarding family planning, 3. To study the influence ofsocialfactors affecting contraceptive use & 4. Tofind out reasons for not adopting contraception. Study design : Cross sectional study Setting and participants: Rural block ofKanpur District and marriedwomen of reproductive age group i.e. 15-49yrs Study period:July to December2005 Sample size : 280 Married women ofreproductive age group i.e. 15-49yrs. Study variable: Knowledge status, attitude, practices, social factors, reasons for not using contraceptives Results : Awareness about contraception was more than 90 percent for all available methods except vasectomy and injectables whiOfi was 31.5% and 8.6% respectively. Only 29.3% of women were currently practicing contraceptive and nearly half (46.42%) had never used. OCP and Condoms qre most commonly accepted methods. Most common reasons observedfor contraceptive defaulter were unavailability (30.88%) and adverse effect (2 6.47%) and for never user need not felt (36.92%) and desire of more children (13.84%). Educational status and joint family structure has positive impact on contraceptive acceptance.
Unsupervised Post-processing of Word Vectors via Conceptor Negation

Word vectors are at the core of many natural language processing tasks. Recently, there has been interest in post-processing word vectors to enrich their semantic information. In this paper, we introduce a novel word vector post-processing technique based on matrix conceptors (Jaeger 2014), a family of regularized identity maps. More concretely, we propose to use conceptors to suppress those latent features of word vectors having high variances. The proposed method is purely unsupervised: it does not rely on any corpus or external linguistic database. We evaluate the post-processed word vectors on a battery of intrinsic lexical evaluation tasks, showing that the proposed method consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art alternatives. We also show that post-processed word vectors can be used for the downstream natural language processing task of dialogue state tracking, yielding improved results in different dialogue domains.
Single Image Dehazing Using Haze-Lines

Haze often limits visibility and reduces contrast in outdoor images. The degradation varies spatially since it depends on the objects’ distances from the camera. This dependency is expressed in the transmission coefficients, which control the attenuation. Restoring the scene radiance from a single image is a highly ill-posed problem, and thus requires using an image prior. Contrary to methods that use patch-based image priors, we propose an algorithm based on a non-local prior. The algorithm relies on the assumption that colors of a haze-free image are well approximated by a few hundred distinct colors, which form tight clusters in RGB space. Our key observation is that pixels in a given cluster are often non-local, i.e., spread over the entire image plane and located at different distances from the camera. In the presence of haze these varying distances translate to different transmission coefficients. Therefore, each color cluster in the clear image becomes a line in RGB space, that we term a haze-line. Using these haze-lines, our algorithm recovers the atmospheric light, the distance map and the haze-free image. The algorithm has linear complexity, requires no training, and performs well on a wide variety of images compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Structures of AMP-activated protein kinase bound to novel pharmacological activators in phosphorylated, non-phosphorylated, and nucleotide-free states

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an attractive therapeutic target for managing metabolic diseases. A class of pharmacological activators, including Merck 991, binds the AMPK ADaM site, which forms the interaction surface between the kinase domain (KD) of the α-subunit and the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of the β-subunit. Here, we report the development of two new 991-derivative compounds, R734 and R739, which potently activate AMPK in a variety of cell types, including β2-specific skeletal muscle cells. Surprisingly, we found that they have only minor effects on direct kinase activity of the recombinant α1β2γ1 isoform yet robustly enhance protection against activation loop dephosphorylation. This mode of activation is reminiscent of that of ADP, which activates AMPK by binding to the nucleotide-binding sites in the γ-subunit, more than 60 Å away from the ADaM site. To understand the mechanisms of full and partial AMPK activation, we determined the crystal structures of fully active phosphorylated AMPK α1β1γ1 bound to AMP and R734/R739 as well as partially active nonphosphorylated AMPK bound to R734 and AMP and phosphorylated AMPK bound to R734 in the absence of added nucleotides at <3-Å resolution. These structures and associated analyses identified a novel conformational state of the AMPK autoinhibitory domain associated with partial kinase activity and provide new insights into phosphorylation-dependent activation loop stabilization in AMPK.
THE COLOR DIFFERENCES OF KUIPER BELT OBJECTS IN RESONANCE WITH NEPTUNE

The optical colors of 58 objects in mean motion resonance with Neptune were obtained. The various Neptune resonant populations were found to have significantly different surface color distributions. The 5:3 and 7:4 resonances have semimajor axes near the middle of the main Kuiper Belt and both are dominated by ultra-red material (spectral gradient: S ≳ 25). The 5:3 and 7:4 resonances have statistically the same color distribution as the low-inclination “cold” classical belt. The inner 4:3 and distant 5:2 resonances have objects with mostly moderately red colors (S ∼ 15), similar to the scattered and detached disk populations. The 2:1 resonance, which is near the outer edge of the main Kuiper Belt, has a large range of colors with similar numbers of moderately red and ultra-red objects at all inclinations. The 2:1 resonance was also found to have a very rare neutral colored object showing that the 2:1 resonance is really a mix of all object types. The inner 3:2 resonance, like the outer 2:1, has a large range of objects from neutral to ultra-red. The Neptune Trojans (1:1 resonance) are only slightly red (S ∼ 9), similar to the Jupiter Trojans. The inner 5:4 resonance only has four objects with measured colors but shows equal numbers of ultra-red and moderately red objects. The 9:5, 12:5, 7:3, 3:1, and 11:3 resonances do not have reliable color distribution statistics since few objects have been observed in these resonances, though it appears noteworthy that all three of the measured 3:1 objects have only moderately red colors, similar to the 4:3 and 5:2 resonances. The different color distributions of objects in mean motion resonance with Neptune are likely a result from the disruption of the primordial Kuiper Belt from the scattering and migration of the giant planets. The few low-inclination objects known in the outer 2:1 and 5:2 resonances are mostly only moderately red. This suggests if the 2:1 and 5:2 have a cold low-inclination component, the objects likely had a significantly different origin than the ultra-red-dominated cold components of the cold classical belt and 5:3 and 7:4 resonances.
Learning Style Needs and Effectiveness of Adult Health Literacy Education

Learning Style Needs and Effectiveness of Adult Health Literacy Education by Leah A. Grebner MS, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL, 2005 BBA, Midstate College, Peoria, IL, 2003 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Services Walden University April 2014 Abstract Low health literacy impacts an individual’s ability to comprehend communication from healthcare providers, reduces access to healthcare, and contributes to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of learning style on adult health literacy education. The health belief model, protection motivation theory, the transtheoretical model, and social cognitive theory were used to analyze the data in this study, and to further develop effective health literacy education. The research questionsLow health literacy impacts an individual’s ability to comprehend communication from healthcare providers, reduces access to healthcare, and contributes to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of learning style on adult health literacy education. The health belief model, protection motivation theory, the transtheoretical model, and social cognitive theory were used to analyze the data in this study, and to further develop effective health literacy education. The research questions addressed the effectiveness of educational intervention adjusted to their appropriate learning style in comparison to a standardized health literacy intervention and potential difference, according to type of learning style, in the amount of changed performance between pretest and posttest. A sample of 80 adults in an urban community was recruited through organizations serving low-income individuals. The participants were assessed for baseline health literacy level, followed by identification of learning style, educational intervention, and posttest assessment, which led to determination by t test that changes between pretest and posttest scores were statistically significant between the control group and the study groups. This finding suggests that health education should be delivered to patients according to individual learning style in order for patients to comprehend and retain information provided. Social change implications include healthcare professionals appropriately addressing health literacy so that patients may participate more actively in their personal healthcare decisions to improve healthcare quality outcomes, decrease long-term costs of delivering healthcare services, and improve the general health of the community. Learning Style Needs and Effectiveness of Adult Health Literacy Education by Leah A. Grebner MS, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL, 2005 BBA, Midstate College, Peoria, IL, 2003 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Services Walden University April 2014
HAQ: Hardware-Aware Automated Quantization

Model quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural network (DNN) inference. Emergent DNN hardware accelerators begin to support flexible bitwidth (1-8 bits) to further improve the computation efficiency, which raises a great challenge to find the optimal bitwidth for each layer: it requires domain experts to explore the vast design space trading off among accuracy, latency, energy, and model size, which is both time-consuming and sub-optimal. Conventional quantization algorithm ignores the different hardware architectures and quantizes all the layers in a uniform way. In this paper, we introduce the Hardware-Aware Automated Quantization (HAQ) framework which leverages the reinforcement learning to automatically determine the quantization policy, and we take the hardware accelerator's feedback in the design loop. Rather than relying on proxy signals such as FLOPs and model size, we employ a hardware simulator to generate direct feedback signals to the RL agent. Compared with conventional methods, our framework is fully automated and can specialize the quantization policy for different neural network architectures and hardware architectures. Our framework effectively reduced the latency by 1.4-1.95x and the energy consumption by 1.9x with negligible loss of accuracy compared with the fixed bitwidth (8 bits) quantization. Our framework reveals that the optimal policies on different hardware architectures (i.e., edge and cloud architectures) under different resource constraints (i.e., latency, energy and model size) are drastically different. We interpreted the implication of different quantization policies, which offer insights for both neural network architecture design and hardware architecture design.
Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates p62-mediated autophagy in LPS-induced activated microglial cells

ABSTRACT Microglial activation is known to be an important event during innate immunity, but microglial inflammation is also thought to play a role in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, it was reported that autophagy could influence inflammation and activation of microglia. However, little is known about the regulation of autophagy during microglial activation. In this study, we demonstrated that mitochondrial fission-induced ROS can promote autophagy in microglia. Following LPS-induced autophagy, GFP-LC3 puncta were increased, and this was suppressed by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial ROS. Interestingly, inhibition of mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial ROS also resulted in decreased p62 expression, but Beclin1 and LC3B were unaffected. Taken together, these results indicate that ROS induction due to increased LPS-stimulated mitochondrial fission triggers p62 mediated autophagy in microglial cells. Our findings provide the first important clues towards understanding the correlation between mitochondrial ROS and autophagy. Abbreviations: Drp1; Dynamin related protein 1, LPS; Lipopolysaccharide, ROS; Reactive Oxygen Species, GFP; Green Fluorescent Protein, CNS; Central Nervous System, AD; Alzheimer’s Disease, PD; Parkinson’s Disease, ALIS; Aggresome-like induced structures, iNOS; inducible nitric oxide synthase, Cox-2; Cyclooxygenase-2, MAPK; Mitogen-activated protein kinase; SODs; Superoxide dismutase, GPXs; Glutathione Peroxidase, Prxs; Peroxiredoxins Graphical Abstract The mechanistic cascade between LPS-induced mitochondrial fission and autophagy in BV-2 microglial cells.
Pharmacokinetics of plasma infusion in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Essentials Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is primarily treated with plasma infusion. We present a pharmacokinetic analysis of ADAMTS‐13 in six patients following plasma infusion. A median half‐life of 130 h was demonstrated, ranging between 82.6 and 189.5 h. Investigation of interindividual clearance of ADAMTS‐13 is necessary to optimize treatment.
Are Socially and Economically Weaker Sections Deprived of Maternal Healthcare in Tamil Nadu, India?

This paper examines whether women from economically socially and educationally weaker sections of the society receive adequate maternal health care. Though most women in Tamil Nadu receive antenatal care many do not get institutional and professional care at delivery. Logit regression analysis shows that in both rural and urban areas only the economic factor and not the social and educational factors has a significant net effect on the ability to secure institutional delivery care. (authors)
Quantification of Beat-To-Beat Variability of Action Potential Durations in Langendorff-Perfused Mouse Hearts

Background: Beat-to-beat variability in action potential duration (APD) is an intrinsic property of cardiac tissue and is altered in pro-arrhythmic states. However, it has never been examined in mice. Methods: Left atrial or ventricular monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded from Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts during regular 8 Hz pacing. Time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear analyses were used to quantify APD variability. Results: Mean atrial APD (90% repolarization) was 23.5 ± 6.3 ms and standard deviation (SD) was 0.9 ± 0.5 ms (n = 6 hearts). Coefficient of variation (CoV) was 4.0 ± 1.9% and root mean square (RMS) of successive differences in APDs was 0.3 ± 0.2 ms. The peaks for low- and high-frequency were 0.7 ± 0.5 and 2.7 ± 0.9 Hz, respectively, with percentage powers of 39.0 ± 20.5 and 59.3 ± 22.9%. Poincaré plots of APDn+1 against APDn revealed ellipsoid shapes. The ratio of the SD along the line-of-identity (SD2) to the SD perpendicular to the line-of-identity (SD1) was 8.28 ± 4.78. Approximate and sample entropy were 0.57 ± 0.12 and 0.57 ± 0.15, respectively. Detrended fluctuation analysis revealed short- and long-term fluctuation slopes of 1.80 ± 0.15 and 0.85 ± 0.29, respectively. When compared to atrial APDs, ventricular APDs were longer (ANOVA, P < 0.05), showed lower mean SD and CoV but similar RMS of successive differences in APDs and showed lower SD2 (P < 0.05). No difference in the remaining parameters was observed. Conclusion: Beat-to-beat variability in APD is observed in mouse hearts during regular pacing. Atrial MAPs showed greater degree of variability than ventricular MAPs. Non-linear techniques offer further insights on short-term and long-term variability and signal complexity.
Mealtime dosing of a rapid-acting insulin analog reduces glucose variability and suppresses daytime cardiac sympathetic activity: a randomized controlled study in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective Glucose variability induces endothelial dysfunction and cardiac autonomic nerve abnormality. Here we compared the effects of mealtime insulin aspart and bedtime insulin detemir on glucose variability, endothelial function, and cardiac autonomic nerve activity among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods Forty hospitalized patients received either mealtime insulin aspart or bedtime insulin detemir treatment for 2 weeks. We assessed glucose variability indices, including M-value, SD of blood glucose level, and mean blood glucose (MBG) level. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was measured as an index of endothelial function. Low-frequency power, high-frequency power, and the low-frequency to high-frequency power ratio (LF:HF ratio) derived via heart rate variability analysis using a Holter ECG were employed as indices of cardiac autonomic nerve function. Results M-values and MBG levels showed a considerably greater decrease in the insulin aspart group than in the insulin detemir group (p=0.006 vs p=0.001); no change in FMD was observed in either group. Daytime LF:HF ratio significantly decreased in the insulin aspart group but not in the insulin detemir group. Total insulin dose at endpoint in the insulin aspart group was significantly higher than that in the insulin detemir group (p<0.001). Conclusions Mealtime insulin aspart reduced glucose variability to a greater extent than bedtime insulin detemir in patients with type 2 diabetes. Despite the need for higher insulin doses, insulin aspart decreased daytime cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. These properties may subsequently help reduce cardiovascular risks. Trial registration number UMIN000008369.
Association between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Parents and Peers Related Loneliness, and Attitude Towards Aloneness in Flemish Adolescents: An Empirical Note

Loneliness and attitude towards aloneness have been shown to be associated to depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders in adolescents and they may also increase the vulnerability to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Therefore, the present study investigated the association between lifetime prevalence and functions of NSSI, parent- and peer-related loneliness, and attitude towards aloneness (positive and negative). Data regarding NSSI, loneliness, and attitude towards aloneness were collected from a sample of 401 high school students from three different high schools located in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. Lifetime prevalence of NSSI was found to be 16.5%. Females reported a higher lifetime prevalence of NSSI than males. Higher mean scores for parent-, peer-related loneliness, and positive attitude (i.e., affinity) towards aloneness was observed in adolescents with lifetime NSSI as compared to adolescents without a history of NSSI. Finally, a positive correlation between self-related (i.e., automatic) functions of NSSI and parent- and peer-related loneliness and a positive attitude towards aloneness was also observed.
A new PICL trace file format

A trace file format is described that will be used in future releases of the Portable Instrumented Communication Library (PICL) and ParaGraph. The new format provides improved support for tracing and profiling PICL communication primitives and user-defined events. The new format is also easily extended and may be useful in other instrumentation packages and performance visualization tools.
Health Risk Survey for Domestic Waste Management Agency Workers: Case Study on Kota Bharu Municipal Council (MPKB), Kelantan, Malaysia

Waste collector workers are potentially exposed to a variety of health risk and health symptoms factors. Collection of the domestic waste is also a job which requires repeated heavy physical activity such as lifting, carrying, pulling, and pushing. The objectives of this study were to conduct a survey to identify potential health risk and health symptom and also to identify the workers practice on personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. The subjects were all current employees of Kota Bharu Municipal Council in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The survey questionnaire was completed by 103 waste collector workers (n=103). The result of study indicates that waste collectors present a risk for the development of chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, asphyxiate and wheezing) (75.0%), common work related hazards (biological, physical, ergonomic, psychosocial, and chemical) (62.3%), musculoskeletal symptoms (low back pain and elbow or wrist pain) (90.8%), dermatological symptoms (itchy and rashes) (70.3%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and diarrhea) (65.5%). Therefore, workers must alert and aware the potentials health risk and potentials health symptoms arising from their work. Index Terms--Health risk assessment, Kota Bharu Municipal Council, solid waste, workers. Language: en
What Counts as Research

In the previous issue of PLAIO, Wihak, Harris, Friesen and Van Kleef (2012) introduced the PLIRC (Prior Learning International Research Centre) Research Database: a single, PLAR-focused, full-text database to provide easy access to research and act as a link between researchers, public policymakers and practitioners. Population of the database with existing literature is currently underway. Maintaining currency of the database will be the shared, ongoing effort of the prior learning research community around the world.
A neural pattern generator that tunes into the physical dynamics of the limb system

A model is presented in which a spinal circuit generates oscillatory output to a pendular limb via the muscles which, in turn, modulates the frequency of the spinal circuit. This model is based on a new theory of biological motor control which claims that motor behavior emerges from the coupling or interaction of the neural dynamics of the central nervous system and the physical dynamics of the limb system. Simulation results indicate that limit cycle stability in motor behavior can arise from such a coupling. It is also shown that these limit cycle frequencies scale with the physical length of the limb in accord with the resonant frequency of the limb and in agreement with human experimental data. Motor learning is treated as an increase in the efficacy of proprioceptive information and is shown to result in performance closer to the resonant frequency of the physical system. <<ETX>>