Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Program Operation of NAND Flash Cells With a Single-Electron Resolution

This paper exploits the possibility of monitoring the floating-gate (FG) charge of state-of-the-art NAND Flash arrays with a single-electron resolution to investigate in detail the program operation and some previously inaccessible technological parameters. In particular, the analysis leads to the assessment of the statistical distribution of the FG to control-gate capacitance and of the leakage current from the FG through the intergate dielectric during the programming pulses. Results highlight that resolving the FG charge at the single-electron level opens new prospects for the investigation of the operation and the parameters of NAND Flash arrays.
Treatment of multifocal lymphoma of bone with intensified Promace‐Cytabom chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy

Primary bone involvement is an unusual extranodal presentation of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The optimal treatment for this entity has not been determined. While solitary bone lymphomas can be eradicated with local radiation in 50% of patients, distant relapses occur frequently, and the treatment of patients with multifocal osseous disease, or those presenting with associated soft tissue invasion or adenopathy is even less satisfactory. Over a 4‐year period, nine patients with multifocal bone lymphoma were treated with intensified versions of the ProMACE‐CytaBOM regimen and involved‐field radiation. Seven patients had diffuse large cell histology and two patients had diffuse mixed type. Seven patients survived event‐free at a median follow‐up of 2.3 years (range .5–3.5). In most survivors, there was little or no change in the abnormal radiographic bone findings despite the clinical response to therapy. In one patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) established that bone infarction rather than relapse of lymphoma was the cause of a new lytic bone lesion that developed during treatment. Am. J. Hematol. 58:1–7, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress Response of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium to Acidified Nitrite

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial action of the curing agent sodium nitrite (NaNO2), which is added as a preservative to raw meat products, depends on its conversion to nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen species under acidic conditions. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the acidified-NaNO2 shock and adaptive responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a frequent contaminant in raw meat, considering parameters relevant for the production of raw-cured sausages. Upon a 10-min exposure to 150 mg/liter NaNO2 in LB (pH 5.5) acidified with lactic acid, genes involved in nitrosative-stress protection, together with several other stress-related genes, were induced. In contrast, genes involved in translation, transcription, replication, and motility were downregulated. The induction of stress tolerance and the reduction of cell proliferation obviously promote survival under harsh acidified-NaNO2 stress. The subsequent adaptive response was characterized by upregulation of NsrR-regulated genes and iron uptake systems and by downregulation of genes involved in anaerobic respiratory pathways. Strikingly, amino acid decarboxylase systems, which contribute to acid tolerance, displayed increased transcript levels in response to acidified NaNO2. The induction of systems known to be involved in acid resistance indicates a nitrite-mediated increase in the level of acid stress. Deletion of cadA, which encodes lysine decarboxylase, resulted in increased sensitivity to acidified NaNO2. Intracellular pH measurements using a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant showed that the cytoplasmic pH of S. Typhimurium in LB medium (pH 5.5) is decreased upon the addition of NaNO2. This study provides the first evidence that intracellular acidification is an additional antibacterial mode of action of acidified NaNO2.
Intervención de terapia ocupacional en programas de autonomía personal y actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas con enfermedad mental crónica en ámbitos residenciales

De sobra es conocido que las personas que padecen una discapacidad a causa de enfermedades mentales severas y persistentes, tambien conocidas como personas con una enfermedad mental cronica, poseen una compleja problematica social y sanitaria, afectando a multiples esferas de su desarrollo personal y repercutiendo asi a su desempeno ocupacional e integracion y participacion en la comunidad. En este punto, con frecuencia, como terapeutas ocupacionales somos testigos acerca del planteamiento en la elaboracion de programas que pretenden abarcar distintas areas de intervencion. En concreto, en este articulo nuestro foco de atencion sera fijado en todas aquellas intervenciones propias del area de autocuidados y autonomia basica, reflexionando sobre aquellos aspectos necesarios a tener presente en aquellas personas afectadas de enfermedad mental que viven en un ambito residencial.
Social Intelligence in the Context of Personality Traits of Teachers 1

Social intelligence as a personality trait as well as a performance characteristic may be regarded as an important social competence of a teaching profession and a significant predictor of successfulness of a teacher in their profession. This report focused on an analysis of the interconnections amongst social intelligence and the essential personality traits of teachers. The results of the presented research, which were gained by means of the sample of 552 teachers, confirmed that the social intelligence factors are connected to the personality traits of these teachers. The findings also enabled specification of the differences in the responses of the male and female teachers. From the methodological point of view the results of the presented research contributed to the verification of the basic parameters of the evolving SIPS methodology for detecting social intelligence as a personality trait.
Distributed engineering change management for allied concurrent engineering

Summary form only given. This study applies a novel engineering change management approach to allied concurrent engineering (ACE). In this context, ACE-based engineering change management should include all aspects of information sharing, data management, and process management, both within an individual enterprise and the enterprise alliance. To ensure applicability to many firms, an ACE-based engineering change management methodology was developed based on the results of allied concurrent engineering definition and characterization. Similarly, to provide a "unified solution", the methodology was developed under the concepts of enterprise integration to manage the processes, systems and information for engineering changes in an integrated fashion. This methodology includes a life cycle model for engineering change management, a distributed management framework, and a reference model for engineering change management. Based on this methodology, an ACE-based engineering change management system was developed under the principles of (i) complying with commonly acceptable modeling techniques, (ii) applying proven models and architectures, and (iii) being compatible and interoperable with other EDMS modules and enterprise systems. Establishing a fully-fledged ACE-based engineering change management system involves the following steps: (1) identify system objectives and requirements, (2) design a system framework and a software architecture, and (3) model and implement the system.
Antisuicide Properties of Psychotropic Drugs: A Critical Review

&NA; The authors consider the extent to which psychotropic medications demonstrate benefits in the prevention of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. Results of a MedLine search are critically reviewed for lithium, divalproex and other anticonvulsants, conventional and atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants. The existing literature is almost entirely limited to noncontrolled, often retrospective studies that do not control for potential biases in treatment selection, the use of multiple medications, the impact of medication nonadherence, and nonrandomized treatment discontinuations. Nevertheless, an extensive literature has arisen regarding observed reductions in suicidal behavior with lithium for mood disorders and, to a lesser extent, with clozapine for schizophrenia. A substantially smaller literature suggests more negative than positive data with divalproex or carbamazepine in bipolar disorder, while minimal information exists regarding suicidality with atypical antipsychotics other than clozapine. Studies of antidepressants have mostly been short‐term and have focused more on whether they induce (rather than ameliorate) suicidal thoughts or behaviors. The sum of existing studies is generally inconclusive about whether antidepressants appreciably reduce risk for suicide completions. Relatively little is known about pharmacotherapy effects on suicidal ideation as distinct from behaviors. Possible mechanistic considerations for understanding antisuicide properties include a therapeutic impact on depression, impulsivity, or aggression, potentially mediated through serotonergic or other neuromodulatory systems. Recommendations are provided to guide future research as well as clinical practice.
Age, sex and vitamin status affect plasma level of homocysteine, but hyperhomocysteinaemia is possibly not an important risk factor for venous thrombophilia in Taiwanese Chinese

Summary. The biological effects of age, sex and vitamin status on plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), and association of hyperhomocysteinaemia with venous thromboembolism in Taiwanese Chinese individuals, were investigated. Eighty patients (16–85 years) with venous thrombophilia and 123 healthy subjects (15–85 years) without history of vascular thrombosis were studied for plasma levels of tHcy, folate and vitamin B12. A multivariate analysis in healthy subjects revealed that plasma tHcy levels tended to increase with age (P < 0·001) and with decreasing plasma levels of folate (P=0·001) or vitamin B12 (P < 0·029); men tended to have higher plasma tHcy levels than women (P=0·006). Thrombotic risk assessment in a case–control study demonstrated that neither plasma level of tHcy [odds ratio (OR), 1·07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0·96–1·18; P=0·210] nor hyperhomocysteinaemia (OR, 1·65; 95% CI, 0·50–5·49; P=0·415) was significantly associated with venous thrombophilia. The relationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and recurrence of episode remained insignificant (P=0·560). We conclude that age, sex and vitamin status affect plasma tHcy but hyperhomocysteinaemia is possibly not an important risk factor for venous thrombophilia in Taiwanese Chinese.
Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in the gut

The fungus Candida albicans and the gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis are both normal residents of the human gut microbiome and cause opportunistic disseminated infections in immunocompromised individuals. Using a nematode infection model, we recently showed that co-infection resulted in less pathology and less mortality than infection with either species alone and this was partly explained by an interkingdom signaling event in which a bacterial-derived product inhibits hyphal morphogenesis of C. albicans. In this addendum we discuss these findings in the contest of other described bacterial-fungal interactions and recent data suggesting a potentially synergistic relationship between these two species in the mouse gut as well. We suggest that E. faecalis and C. albicans promote a mutually beneficial association with the host, in effect choosing a commensal lifestyle over a pathogenic one.
CHANGES IN WEIGHT AND HIDROXYINDOLE-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF PINEAL GLAND OF THE PLAINS VISCACHA ( Lagostomus maximus maximus )

Seasonal changes in body weight, pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity (HIOMT) and pineal gland weight were analysed for adult male viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). The viscacha is a nocturnal rodent restricted to the Argentinian pampas which lives in large colonies in extensive burrow systems. Animals were captured monthly, at night, near their burrows, in the vicinity of San Luis, Argentina, from February to December. Animals were killed, and pineal glands weighed and assayed for HIOMT activity. The greatest HIOMT activity was observed in August (winter). The body weight of viscacha did not change significantly throughout the year, whereas the weight of pineal gland exhibited significant variations in some months of the year. Pineal gland in these nocturnal rodents responds to annual changes in photoperiod, and possibly to other environmental factors. RESUMEN: Cambios en el peso y la actividad de la enzima hidroxiindol-Ometiltransferasa de la glándula pineal en la vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Se estudiaron los cambios estacionales en el peso corporal, en la actividad de la enzima hidroxiindol-O-metiltransferasa (HIOMT) y en el peso de la glándula pineal en vizcacha macho adulta. La vizcacha es un roedor nocturno que habita las pampas argentinas, viviendo en profundas cuevas, formando grandes colonias. Los animales fueron capturados y sacrificados mensualmente entre febrero y diciembre durante la noche en las cercanías de San Luis, Argentina. Las glándulas pineales extraídas fueron pesadas y ensayadas para la actividad de HIOMT. La glándula pineal mostró la mayor actividad de HIOMT durante el mes de agosto (invierno), y variaciones en su peso a lo largo del año, mientras que el peso corporal de la vizcacha no sufrió variaciones significativas. La glándula pineal responde a la fotoperiodicidad y posiblemente a otros factores ambientales.
TYPES OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, DEPRESSION, AND PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS

The aim of this study was to establish whether there is an association between oral contraceptives and depression. The sample consisted of 5151 female members of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan who took a multiphasic examination. A significantly smaller percentage of patients reported symptoms of severe premenstrual depression among pill users as against never users. Patients taking combination pills showed significantly less severe premenstrual depression than sequential users. The higher the progestin dose, the less severe depression was measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Depression Scale, and scales on premenstrual mood. Past pill users expressed more severe depression than current pill users and never users. At least some of this depression began after discontinuation. The findings cast doubt on the hypothesis that the pill causes depression. Rather, there seems to be considerable premenstrual improvement, especially with combination drugs.
Multiple sclerosis in Israel. Prevalence among immigrants and native inhabitants.

It is widely believed that multiple sclerosis is common in temperate areas and less common in subtropical and tropical regions. The evidence for this belief, however, is incomplete. Observations on the frequency of this disease have been made by different investigators using nonuniform case-finding techniques and varying diagnostic criteria. Moreover, only a few surveys are available from large areas of Asia, Africa, southern Europe, and most of the southern hemisphere. Additional estimates of frequency derived from standard procedures are needed to clarify the pattern of geographic distribution. Israel offers unique advantages for studying the geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis. Its population is a mosaic of individuals who immigrated from 70 countries. No immigration restrictions were placed on individuals with neurological disease. The country has the highest physicianto-population ratio in the world, and all elements of the population have equal access to the same high-quality medical facilities. Political factors tend to
Feynman diagram sampling for quantum field theories on the QPACE 2 supercomputer

This thesis covers the topic of applying the method of Feynman diagram sampling to quantum field theories. The method uses a computer simulation to sample the diagrammatic space obtained in a series expansion. For running large physical simulations powerful computers are required. Therefore, two independent parts are supplied. The first part deals with the method of Feynman diagram sampling. The theoretical background of the method itself is discussed. Additionally, important statistical concepts and the theory of the strong force are introduced. A variety of models to study the applicability of diagrammatic methods are evaluated. The method is then applied to sample the perturbative expansion of the vertex correction. In the end we estimate the value of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. The second part describes the QPACE 2 supercomputer by looking at its the architecture and cooling system. Guiding benchmarks of the InfiniBand network are presented. At the core of this part, a collection of best practices and useful programming concepts are outlined, which enables the development of efficient, yet easily portable applications for the QPACE 2 system.
Increase in total plasma homocysteine concentration after cardiac transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether plasma homocysteine concentrations are increased in patients after cardiac transplantation. DESIGN Total plasma homocysteine concentration was measured in 44 consecutive patients before and at 3, 6, and 12 months after orthotopic heart transplantation between June 1, 1988, and Oct. 15, 1992, and the data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Mean homocysteine concentrations (normal range, 4 to 17 mumol/L) increased 70% from 12.5 mumol/L before cardiac transplantation to 21.2 mumol/L (P < 0.002) 3 months after transplantation, at which time the concentrations were above normal in 14 of 26 patients (54%). Homocysteine concentrations remained elevated 6 and 12 months after transplantation (20.4 and 22.6 mumol/L, respectively) but did not increase further. Mean concentrations of plasma folic acid and vitamin B12, cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, decreased 20% and 49%, respectively, within 3 months after transplantation (11.6 to 9.3 micrograms/L [P = 0.04] and 584 to 295 ng/L [P = 0.01]). The mean glomerular filtration rate decreased 25% during this same interval (81 to 61 mL/min; P = 0.0001). Linear regression analysis revealed an association between the increase in homocysteine concentration and the folic acid concentration that approached statistical significance (P = 0.07); we found no statistically significant correlates of the increase in homocysteine concentration. CONCLUSION The homocysteine concentration increases in most patients within 3 months after cardiac transplantation to levels previously associated with premature atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, and it remains increased for at least 1 year. Further investigation into the mechanism for the increase in homocysteine concentration and the relationship between homocysteine and coronary artery disease after transplantation is warranted.
Méthodes bayesiennes pour l'estimation de l'histoire démographique et de la pression de sélection à partir de la structure génétique des populations

Les recents progres, dans les domaines de la biologie computationnelle et des techniques de biologie moleculaire, ont conduit a l'emergence d'une nouvelle discipline appelee genomique des populations, et dont l'un des objectifs principaux est l'etude de la structure spatiale de la diversite genetique. Cette structure est determinee a la fois par des forces neutres, comme la migration et la derive, et des forces adaptatives comme la selection naturelle, et trouve des applications importantes dans de nombreux domaines comme la genetique medicale ou la biologie de la conservation. Nous developpons ici de nouvelles methodes statistiques pour evaluer le role de la selection naturelle et de l'environnement dans cette structure spatiale. Le modele bayesien Dirichlet-multinomial de differenciation genetique est utilise comme base a ces differentes methodes. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons d'inclure des variables environnementales dans l'estimation de la structure genetique afin d'identifier les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui la determinent. Ensuite, nous etudions la possibilite d'etendre le modele Dirichlet-multinomial aux marqueurs dominants, devenus tres populaires ces dernieres annees, mais affectes par differents biais de recrutement. Enfin, nous cherchons a separer les effets neutres des effets de la selection naturelle, afin, en particulier, d'identifier les regions du genome qui y sont soumis. Trois bases de donnees ont ete analysees pour illustrer l'utilisation de ces nouvelles methodes : des donnees humaines, des donnees de l'arganier du Maroc et des donnees de littorine. Finalement, nous avons developpe trois logiciels implementant ces differents modeles.
Decision-making cognition in mania and depression

Background. Despite markedly different clinical presentations, few studies have reported differences in neuropsychological functioning between mania and depression. Recent work has suggested that differences may emerge on cognitive tasks requiring affective processing, such as decision-making. The present study sought to compare decision-making cognition in mania and depression in order to clarify the current profiles of impairment for these disorders and to contribute to our more general understanding of the relationship between mood and cognition. Methods. Medicated manic patients, depressed patients, and normal healthy controls completed a computerized decision-making task. All subjects were asked to win as many points as possible by choosing outcomes based on variably-weighted probabilities and by placing ‘bets’ on each decision. Results. Both patient groups were impaired on this task, as evidenced by slower deliberation times, a failure to accumulate as many points as controls and suboptimal betting strategies. Manic, but not depressed, patients made suboptimal decisions – an impairment that correlated with the severity of their illness. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with a growing consensus that manic and depressed patients are characterized by significant impairments in cognitive and particularly executive, functioning. Furthermore, the distinct patterns of observed impairment in manic and depressed patients suggests that the nature and extent of cognitive impairment differ between these two groups. Viewed in the context of other recent studies, these findings are consistent with a role for the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in mediating mood–cognition relationships.