Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blurred Lines : How the Collectivism Norm Operates Through Group Perceived Diversity to Boost or Harm Group Performance

We develop and test a theory that reconciles contradictions in how collectivistic norms influence group performance. We draw on the perceived diversity literature to hypothesize that collectivistic norms cause group members to “blur” demographic differences, resulting in a shared perception that group members are more similar to one another than they actually are. Whether this benefits or harms group performance depends on the level of objective diversity in the group and the relevance of the perceived diversity attribute for accomplishing the group’s task. For conjunctive tasks, the group’s performance is determined by its weakest member, and high levels of cohesion are needed. Our theory suggests that collectivism benefits group conjunctive performance when objective national diversity is high by blurring divisive relational differences but has no effect in groups with low objective national diversity. In contrast, for disjunctive tasks, the group’s performance is determined by its best member, and we predict that collectivism harms group disjunctive performance when objective expertness diversity is high by blurring differences in task-relevant expertness, but has no effect in groups with low objective expertness diversity. We find support for our theory in two studies, including an archival study of 5,214 Himalayan climbing groups and a laboratory experiment assessing 356 groups. Our results show that collectivism has benefits and detriments for diverse groups, and that these contradictory effects can be understood by identifying how the collectivistic blurring of perceived group diversity helps or hurts groups based on the type of tasks on which they are working.
Pazar Odaklılığın İşletme Performansına Etkisi: Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım Bankaları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Bu calismada pazar odakliligin isletme performansi uzerindeki etkisi incelenmistir. Pazar odaklilik uygulamalari, isletmenin gunluk faaliyetlerini yerine getirirken musterilerin beklenti ve ihtiyaclarini en kisa zamanda karsilayacak stratejilerin tespit edilmesi, uygulanmasi ve belirlenen bu stratejilerin isletmedeki tum calisanlar tarafindan benimsenmesi ile ilgilidir. Boylece, pazar odaklilik sayesinde eldeki musterilerin istek ve ihtiyaclarini rakiplerden daha hizli bir sekilde karsilamaya yonelik isletme faaliyetlerinin neler olabileceginin tespit edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Pazardaki musterilerin istek ve ihtiyaclarina cevap verebilecek kurumsal hamleler, isletme performansinin hem niteliksel hem de niceliksel olarak artmasina sebep olacaktir. Bu kapsamda pazar odakliligin alt boyutlarindan olan musteri odaklilik, rakip odaklilik ve departmanlar arasi koordinasyonun, isletme performansi ile birlikte isletme performansinin alt boyutlari olarak ele alinan yenilik performansi, finansal performans ve finansal olmayan performans uzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmistir. Arastirma, Turkiye’de faaliyet gosteren katilim bankalari uzerinde yapilmistir. Anket yoluyla toplanan veriler faktor, guvenilirlik ve regresyon gibi cesitli analizlere tabi tutulmustur. Arastirma sonucunda, pazar odakliligin isletme performansi uzerinde pozitif yonlu ve anlamli bir etkisi oldugu tespit edilmistir.
Types and Prevalence Of Peer Victimization Among Secondary School Students in Osun State, Nigeria: Implications for Counselling

The study inve stigated the types and prevalence of peer victimization among secondary school students in Osun State. This was with a view to improving peer relationships among secondary school students. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study consisted of junior secondary school students in Osun State. Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale was used to elicit information on the types and prevalence of peer victimization. The result showed that four types of peer victimization were experienced by the students and there was high prevalence of peer victimization among school going adolescent. These types were widespread among secondary school students. The study therefore concluded that peer victimization was a recurring problem among secondary school students and could be reduced through appropriate counseling of students. The implications of the findings to counseling services were discussed.
Morphometric Study of Five Constant Skull Base Foramina in the Muisca Population of the Tibanica Anthropological Collection of the Universidad de Los Andes

Among osteological anatomic variations are those of the skull base foramina. These openings have conventionally been classified as either constant or variant. Their presence and dimensions have been associated with certain pathologies and pr cedural complications. Additionally, variability in these foramina between different ethnic groups has been observed, and it is sometim es possible to identify particular patterns of variability in certain populations. This anthropometric cross-sectional study seeks to deter mine the principal dimensions (bilateral anteroposterior and lateromedial diameters) of five constant skull base foramina in the adult M uisca population of the Tibanica anthropological collection at Universidad de los Andes. The studied foramina were magnum, jugular, o vale, spinosum, and external opening of the c arotid canal. Only dimensions of the external openings of the foramina were recorded, owing to the preservation state of the skulls in the collection. The mean left and right anteroposterior and lateromedial diameters were 3.4 8 mm, 6.16 mm and 3.25 mm, 6.26 mm for the foramen ovale; 2.38 mm, 2.65 mm and 2.39 mm, 2.66 mm for foramen spinosum; 8.36 mm, 15.41 mm and 8.55 mm, 15.10 mm for the jugular foramen; 5.28 mm, 6.75 mm and 5.48 mm, 6.97 mm for the external opening of the carotid canal; an 33.90 mm, 29.47 mm for the foramen magnum. All foramina were measured twice, no important differences were observed between the results obtained in the first and second measurements. The skull base foramina of the sample studied did not suggest high varia bility within the population regarding these characteristics. Moreover, we can state that the morphometric profile displayed by the Tibanica collection t Universidad de los Andes is different from the one observed in other populations. Additional studies of anatomic variations in indigenous populations may be needed to make possible similarities and/or differences and their causes evident.
Two Syringe Technique for Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Section : A Study of a Simple Way to Achieve more Satisfactory Block , Less Frequency of Hypotension and Prolong Analgesia

Spinal anaesthesia is now the safest and most popular method for cesarean section. Hypotension is common adverse effect of spinal anaesthesia. Fentanyl added to bupivacaine enhances the sensory blockage without altering the degree of sympathetic blockade and less significant adverse effect. The reason might be that the mixture of hyperbaric bupivacaine and fentanyl may alter the density of hyperbaric bupivacaine solutions and affect the spread of drugs. So this study is undertaken to find out if the effect of these two drugs can vary by altering their technique of administration. This observational study compared the effect of spinal injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine and fentanyl in separate syringe with standard injection of mixed fentanyl with hyperbaric bupivacaine. Total 60 patients are equally divided into two groups: Group M: 25ug fentanyl (0.5cc) premixed with 0.5% bupivacaine heavy 10 mg (2cc) in the same syringe. Group S: 25ug fentanyl (0.5cc) and 0.5%bupivacaine heavy 10 mg(2cc) separate syringes. We concluded that Separate intrathecal injections of Fentanyl and hyperbaric bupivacaine provided significant improvement in the quality of sensory block with reduction in frequency of hypotension compared to injection of mixed medication.
Immunohistochemical Comparison of E-cadherin Expression in Oral Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia

Received: 07.02. 2017 Accepted: 13.03. 2017 Abstract Objectives: E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is responsible for cell adhesion and its expression decreases in dysplastic lesions. This study aimed to assess the expression of this marker in oral lichen planus (OLP) with and without dysplasia to assess its potential for use as a predictor of malignant transformation. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 OLP specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC) by streptavidin-biotin technique. For this purpose, E-cadherin antibody was used and the intensity score (IS), proportional score (PS) and total score (TS) were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The relationship between the intensity of expression of E-cadherin and dysplastic changes was assessed using the Mann Whitney U test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The TS of E-cadherin expression was 3 to 6 and 3 in the superficial and deep layers of 100% of specimens with dysplasia, respectively. The TS of E-cadherin expression was 3 to 6 in the superficial layer of 82.5% of specimens and 3 in deep layers of 81.2% of specimens without dysplasia. According to the Mann Whitney U test, the expression of E-cadherin in the superficial (P=0.90) and deep (P=0.35) layers was not significantly different between the two groups of OLP with and without dysplasia. Conclusion: No significant difference was found in the expression of E-cadherin in OLP specimens with and without dysplasia. It may be concluded that in contrast to other preneoplastic lesions, dysplastic changes of OLP do not follow other malignant transformation patterns in the oral mucosa.
An Investigation of the Effects of Chemical Reagents on the Shear Bonding Forces of Orthodontic Metal Brackets

The bonding of brackets is an essential part during the course of orthodontic treatment. A good bonding between the brackets and enamel surface is highly anticipated in the orthodontic treatment period with dynamic state. Debracketing at the end of orthodontic treatment is the critical moment for making a perfect endpoint. 4-META with superior bonding forces is an adhesive material commonly used in clinical practice. However, a good bonding force can cause increased difficulties in clinical practice and even result in pain or discomfort during the debracketing procedure. Therefore, this study aimed to find ways to reduce bonding forces during debracketing for the ultimate purposes of reducing the difficulties in clinical practice, as well as to eliminate pain and discomfort for patients. Super-Bond C and B (Sun Medical Company, Kyoto, Japan) as an adhesive resin in combination with metal brackets (Tomy Company, Tokyo, Japan) was used for bond strength tests in the present study. Fifty human premolars extracted due to orthodontic treatment were collected, randomly divided into five groups and immersed in different reagents as follows: no treatment (control group), ethanol (experimental group 1), eucalyptus oil (experimental group 2), peppermint oil (experimental group 3) and hot water (experimental group 4). After 10 min of immersion for each group, the specimens were subjected to debonding tests using a material testing machine (Model JSV H1000, vertical, an automated test station utilizing the features of Handy Force Gauge (HF-100)). The distributions of residual resin were examined by an optical microscopy after debonding and then analyzed according to the recorded Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) score. The results showed that the bonding forces of 4-META / MMA-TBB resin was reduced to the lowest level after 10 minutes of immersion with eucalyptus oil (experimental group 2). In comparison with the control group, there was a statistically significant difference (experimental group, 2: 8.88 ± 2.61 Mpa vs. control group, 13.81 ± 3.04 MPa). Peppermint oil (experimental group 2) also caused reduction in the bonding forces but less effective than eucalyptus oil. Ten minutes of immersion with ethanol or hot water showed no effect on the bonding forces for Super-Bond C and B resin. There was no difference in the distributions of residual resin among all groups. The use of chemical reagents could lead to a reduction in shear bonding forces of orthodontic resin. However, more in-depth studies are necessitated to compare with the other reagents and improve formulations so that can be used in the mouth.
Rotations in a shear‐beam model of a seven‐story building caused by nonlinear waves during earthquake excitation

We model a seven‐story, reinforced‐concrete building in Van Nuys, CA, which was damaged during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. We use a one‐dimensional, layered, shear‐beam model with bi‐linear material properties, and we examine how the rotations (local strains and drifts) in this model depend upon the distribution of the stiffness along the building height, the nonlinear properties of the reinforced concrete, and the nature of strong motion. We show how, following the powerful waves propagating up and down the building, point rotations take place that differ from the corresponding average drift angles. These point rotations are larger near the rigid floor slabs (near the top and bottom ends of the columns, shear walls, and nonstructural members found at all floors) and propagate as slow waves up and down the building. These slow rotational waves occur only while the material is experiencing large nonlinear deformations, and their amplitudes grow with ductility. We note that recording these rotational waves in real time may provide a powerful new vehicle for health monitoring of full‐scale structures excited by large transient forces when their structural members enter large nonlinear deformations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Flexible Spatio-Temporal Model for Air Pollution: Allowing for Spatio-Temporal Covariates

Given the increasing interest in the association between exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the development of models that provide accurate spatio-temporal predictions of air pollution concentrations at small spatial scales is of great importance when assessing potential health effects of air pollution. The methodology presented here has been developed as part of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air), a prospective cohort study funded by the US EPA to investigate the relationship between chronic exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular disease. We present a spatio-temporal framework that models and predicts ambient air pollution by combining data from several different monitoring networks with the output from deterministic air pollution model(s). The model can accommodate arbitrarily missing observations and allows for a complex spatio-temporal correlation structure. We apply the model to predict long-term average concentrations of gaseous oxides of nitrogen (NOx) ─ one of the primary pollutants of interest in the MESA Air study ─ during a ten year period in the Los Angeles area, based on measurements from the EPA Air Quality System and MESA Air monitoring. The measurements are augmented by a spatio-temporal covariate based on the output from a source dispersion model for traffic related air pollution (Caline3QHC) and the model is evaluated using cross-validation. The predictive ability of the model is good with cross-validated R2 of approximately 0.7 at subject sites. The incorporation of a dispersion model output into the overall prediction model was feasible, but the particular implementation of Caline3QHC used here did not improve predictions in a model that also includes road information. However, excluding the road information the inclusion of model output improves predictions and we find some evidence that the source dispersion model can replace road covariates. The model presented in this paper has been implemented in an R package, SpatioTemporal, which will be available on CRAN shortly. (Less)
AN ALMA SURVEY OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES IN THE EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD SOUTH: THE REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES

We present the first photometric redshift distribution for a large sample of 870 μm submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with robust identifications based on observations with ALMA. In our analysis we consider 96 SMGs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South, 77 of which have 4–19 band photometry. We model the SEDs for these 77 SMGs, deriving a median photometric redshift of zphot = 2.3 ± 0.1. The remaining 19 SMGs have insufficient photometry to derive photometric redshifts, but a stacking analysis of Herschel observations confirms they are not spurious. Assuming that these SMGs have an absolute H-band magnitude distribution comparable to that of a complete sample of z ∼ 1–2 SMGs, we demonstrate that they lie at slightly higher redshifts, raising the median redshift for SMGs to zphot = 2.5 ± 0.2. Critically we show that the proportion of galaxies undergoing an SMG-like phase at z ⩾ 3 is at most 35% ± 5% of the total population. We derive a median stellar mass of M⋆ = (8 ± 1) × 1010 M☉, although there are systematic uncertainties of up to 5 × for individual sources. Assuming that the star formation activity in SMGs has a timescale of ∼100 Myr, we show that their descendants at z ∼ 0 would have a space density and MH distribution that are in good agreement with those of local ellipticals. In addition, the inferred mass-weighted ages of the local ellipticals broadly agree with the look-back times of the SMG events. Taken together, these results are consistent with a simple model that identifies SMGs as events that form most of the stars seen in the majority of luminous elliptical galaxies at the present day.
Spatial Distribution and Architecture of Acromyrmex landolti Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Nests in Pastures of Southwestern Bahia, Brazil

Ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex (Myrmicinae: Attini) are in general pests for agricultural and pasture areas. In southwestern Bahia pastures, in Brazil, Acromyrmex landolti Forel occurs at intermediate densities of 260 nests ha -1 . In spite of its economic importance, there is not enough research on the bioecological aspects of such species. This paper aims to study the spatial distribution and the architectural pattern of A. landolti nests, as well as to establish the foundations for the improvement of strategies for controlling the pest. The research was carried out during the period of June 2011 and May 2012, in an area of pastures measuring 2.7 ha, in Itapetinga, in Bahia. Twenty five nests were selected. The external mound area, height of the tower, distance between the tower and the external mound area, as well as the tower diameter were all registered. In order to describe the internal architecture, the same nests were completely excavated and five were molded in cement. The spatial distribution of the nests is of aggregated type. The towers height is 2.1 cm and the average diameter is 1.2 cm. The amount of loose soil is of about 8.0 cm from the tower, with an average area of 472.9±312.5 cm² and average volume of 1.4 L±0.9. The depth of the nests varies between 7.0 and 78.0 cm, with an average of 33.2±21.29 cm. The nests have, in average, 4.4±2.0 chambers, being two nests with just one chamber (8%) and another nest (4%) with 11 chambers.
Globalization of SQP-Methods in Control of the Instationary Navier-Stokes Equations

A numerically inexpensive globalization strategy of sequential quadratic programming methods (SQP-methods) for control of the instationary Navier Stokes equations is investigated. Based on the proper functional analytic setting a convergence analysis for the globalized method is given. It is argued that the a priori formidable SQP-step can be decomposed into linear primal and linear adjoint systems, which is amenable for existing CFL-software. A report on a numerical test demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.
Gains to Bidder Firms Revisited: Domestic and Foreign Acquisitions in Canada

We present large sample evidence on the performance of domestic and U.S. (foreign) bidder firms acquiring Canadian targets. Domestic bidders earn significantly positive average announcement period abnormal returns, while U.S. bidder returns are indistinguishable from zero. Measures of pre- and post-acquisition abnormal accounting performance are also consistent with a superior domestic bidder performance. Domestic bidder announcement returns are, on average, greatest for offers involving stock payment and for the bidders with the smallest equity size relative to the target. Neither direct foreign investment controls, horizontal product market relationships, nor acquisition propensities explain why domestic bidders outperform their U.S. competitors.
Effect of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) on the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS films

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been reported as a successful functional material in a broad variety of applications. One of the most important advantages of PEDOT:PSS is its water-solubility, which enables simple and environmental friendly manufacturing processes. Unfortunately, this also implies that pristine PEDOT:PSS films are unsuitable for applications in aqueous environments. To reach stability in polar solvents, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) is typically used to cross-link PEDOT:PSS. Although this strategy is widely used, its mechanism and effect on PEDOT:PSS performance have not been articulated yet. Here, we present a broad study that provides a better understanding of the effect of GOPS on the electrical and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS. We show that the GOPS reacts with the sulfonic acid group of the excess PSS, causing a change in the PEDOT:PSS film morphology, while the oxidation level of PEDOT remains unaffected. This is at the origin of the observed conductivity changes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 814–820
Early Voting Laws, Voter Turnout, and Partisan Vote Composition: Evidence from Ohio

We estimate effects of early voting on voter turnout using a 2010 homogenization law from Ohio that forced some counties to expand and others to contract early voting. Using voter registration data, we compare individuals who live within the same 2x2 mile squareblock but in different counties. We find substantial positive impacts of early voting on turnout equal to 0.22 percentage points of additional turnout per additional early voting day. We also find greater impacts on women, Democrats, independents, and those of child-bearing and working age. We simulate impacts of national early day laws on recent election outcomes.
Convolutions Are All You Need (For Classifying Character Sequences)

While recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely used for text classification, they demonstrate poor performance and slow convergence when trained on long sequences. When text is modeled as characters instead of words, the longer sequences make RNNs a poor choice. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), although somewhat less ubiquitous than RNNs, have an internal structure more appropriate for long-distance character dependencies. To better understand how CNNs and RNNs differ in handling long sequences, we use them for text classification tasks in several character-level social media datasets. The CNN models vastly outperform the RNN models in our experiments, suggesting that CNNs are superior to RNNs at learning to classify character-level data.