Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Breaks, Orders of Integration, and the Neutrality Hypothesis: Further Evidence

In this paper, we analyze the issue of the impact of multiple breaks on neutrality results, using annual data on real output and monetary aggregates for the US (1869-2000), the UK (1871-2000), and Mexico (1932-2000). In particular, we empirically verify, using the Fisher and Seater (American Economic Review, 1993, 83(3), 402-415)) tests, whether the monetary neutrality propositions remain addressable (and if so, whether they hold or not), when unit root tests are carried out allowing for (possibly) multiple structural breaks in the longrun trend function of the variables. It is found that conclusions on monetary neutrality are sensitive not only to whether there is a break or not, but also to the number of breaks allowed. In order to interpret the evidence for structural breaks, we utilize a notion of deterministic monetary neutrality, which naturally arises in the absence of permanent stochastic shocks to the variables. 1Corresponding author. Department of Econometrics, Escuela de Economia, Universidad de Guanajuato. Calzada de Guadalupe s/n, Centro, Guanajuato, Gto. 36000, Mexico. Phone and Fax +52-(473)7320105, e-mail: noriegam@quijote.ugto. mx. With thanks to participants at the Computing in Economics and Finance conference, Aix-en-Provance 2002, and Seminars in Economics at El Colegio de Mexico.
The roles of some antecedents of broadband user behavioural intention among students in the rural areas through PLS-SEM

The insufficient broadband enabled-services in the rural areas have been identified among the reasons that prolong the behaviour of rural dwellers on the use of low-band internet while government agencies have started initiations to increase the use of broadband in the rural area. However, previous studies have failed to identify the roles played by antecedents of broadband user behavioural intention in the rural communities. Thus, this research investigates roles of some antecedents of broadband user behavioural intention in the rural areas by adapting UTAUT model. A quantitative research approach was employed by engaging 1,730 participants from 40 villages who are secondary school students that are living in rural areas of northern region of Malaysia. The result reveals that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and compatibility have large effect on broadband user behavioural intention in the rural areas, while social influence recorded medium effect. This implies that all the identified factors may help in determining the behavioural intention of users of broadband in the rural areas.
Medication safety in pregnancy : results from the MoBa study

This article summarizes the results of several of our studies on medication safety in pregnancy based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Medications investigated include antidepressants, NSAIDs, codeine, triptans, paracetamol and certain herbals. A major advantage of these studies is that MoBa has information on prescribed medications, over-the-counter medications and herbal medications. Moreover, MoBa enables the possibility of including a disease comparison group, and long-term follow-up into childhood. The size of MoBa enables designs like the sibling-design, which offers important advantages over studies comparing unrelated individuals. The possibility of linking MoBa to nationwide registries like the NorPD and the National Patient Registry enables validation of medication exposures and childhood diagnosis. Pharmacoepidemiological studies are vital to our understanding of the safety of medications in pregnancy, but great care must be taken in the analysis and interpretation of observational data to avoid problems of confounding and bias.
Evidence of tidal straining in well‐mixed channel flow from micro‐structure observations

This study presents, for the first time, micro‐structure observations in tidally energetic, weakly stratified regimes obtained in the Wadden Sea, a tidal shallow coastal area in the South‐Eastern North Sea characterised by barrier islands separated by tidal gulleys. The tidal currents are typically overlaid by a weak horizontal density gradient due to freshwater run‐off from land. The observations in an energetic tidal channel clearly show the expected effects of tidal straining: destratification during flood and increased stratification during ebb. Microstructure observations are consistent with the tidal straining dynamics: during the flood relatively high values of viscous dissipation are observed whilst during ebb the values are substantially smaller. It is also shown that the tidal cycle of stratification and destratification depends on the position in the tidal channel. In parts of the channel, increased stratification occurs during full flood, a phenomenon which can only be explained by advection of stratified water masses formed outside the tidal channel. The observations presented here show the general significance of the tidal straining process for tidally energetic weakly stratified regimes.
Zinc Status In Children With Bronchial Asthma

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract. The rise in asthma and allergic disease among children is a matter of worldwide concern. Many authors have argued that the changes in diet may have been an important determinant of increased susceptibility to asthma. Free radicals have been proposed to be responsible for the pathogenesis of many diseases because of their harmful effects on the cells and tissues. The enzymes responsible for antioxidant defense have trace elements like zinc. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between bronchial asthma and zinc serum level, and the relation between serum zinc level and the duration and severity of asthma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A Case control study was conducted at Raparin pediatric teaching hospital in Erbil city. Fifty children from ages 1 to 12 years of both sexes who were known cases of asthma and had visited Raparin teaching hospital were enrolled in this study, another sample of 50 healthy children matched for age and gender, without history of chronic disease were taken as a control group. The zinc concentrations in serum were measured in both cases and controls. RESULTS: This study shows that there were significant difference in the values of serum zinc between asthmatic and control group (p<0,01 and p<0,01 respectively). The mean concentrations of zinc are lower in asthmatic children(70.02µg/dl) in comparison to controls(84.04µg/dl). CONCLUSION:
Estimation of mortality rates of the oil sardine,Sardinella longiceps Val.

The mortality rates of oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps from Karwar have been estimated based on the age composition of the fishery by adopting the method of Beverton and Holt. The values obtained are 2.43, 1.57, 3.70 and 2.96 for instantaneous total mortality and 0.98, 0.12, 2.25 and 1.51 for the fishing mortality durig 1965-66,1966-67, 1967-68 and 1968-69 seasons respectively. The natural mortality obtained in the final iteration process is 1.45. The estimation shows considerable changes from year to year ' inthe values of both total and fishing mortalities due to short-term changes in abundance offish.
Grid-converged Solution and Analysis of the Unsteady Viscous Flow in a Two-dimensional Shock Tube

The flow in a shock tube is extremely complex with dynamic multi-scale structures of sharp fronts, flow separation, and vortices due to the interaction of the shock wave, the contact surface, and the boundary layer over the side wall of the tube. Prediction and understanding of the complex fluid dynamics is of theoretical and practical importance. It is also an extremely challenging problem for numerical simulation, especially at relatively high Reynolds numbers. Daru & Tenaud (Daru, V. & Tenaud, C. 2001 Evaluation of TVD high resolution schemes for unsteady viscous shocked flows. Computers & Fluids 30, 89-113) proposed a two-dimensional model problem as a numerical test case for high-resolution schemes to simulate the flow field in a square closed shock tube. Though many researchers have tried this problem using a variety of computational methods, there is not yet an agreed-upon grid-converged solution of the problem at the Reynolds number of 1000. This paper presents a rigorous grid-convergence study and the resulting grid-converged solutions for this problem by using a newly-developed, efficient, and high-order gas-kinetic scheme. Critical data extracted from the converged solutions are documented as benchmark data. The complex fluid dynamics of the flow at Re = 1000 are discussed and analysed in detail. Major phenomena revealed by the numerical computations include the downward concentration of the fluid through the curved shock, the formation of the vortices, the mechanism of the shock wave bifurcation, the structure of the jet along the bottom wall, and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability near the contact surface.
Influence of Chemical Composition of Eucalyptus Wood on Gravimetric Yield and Charcoal Properties

The objective of this study was to assess the chemical properties of wood from six clones of Eucalyptus spp. relative to charcoal yield and its properties, determine the correlations between the evaluated parameters and identify a clone of Eucalyptus having the greatest potential for charcoal to steelmaking use. The study of chemical properties included analysis of elemental composition, contents of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and ash, the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G), and the index of crystalline cellulose in the wood. The pyrolysis of wood was done in an electric laboratory oven. The gravimetric yield in charcoal, the content of volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash, higher heating value, and elementary composition were determined. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance, and after the difference between them was established, the Tukey test was applied. The Pearson correlation was employed as well. The results indicated that the contents of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in the wood significantly affected the charcoal yields and its higher heating value. Higher rates of crystalline cellulose favored the gravimetric yield in charcoal. The S/G ratio contributed more to the charcoal yield when compared to total lignin content.
The Impact of Electronic Word-of-Mouth on Online Impulse Buying Behavior: The Moderating role of Big 5 Personality Traits

Purpose of the paper: The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of Big 5 personality traits in the relationship between electronic word-of- mouth and impulse buying behavior. Design/methodology/approach: Data was gathered through self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 266 Chinese and Pakistani students who were online users and studying at various institutes located in the capital city Islamabad, Pakistan. Findings: As hypothesized, impulsive buying behavior is significantly associated with electronic word-ofmouth and moderating effect of Big 5 personality traits was also substantiated. The data was analysed statistically using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 to find out correlation and regression analysis between study variables, reliability of research instrument, strength of relationship between independent and dependent variables, moderating effect of Big 5 personality traits in the relationship between electronic word-of- mouth and impulse buying behavior was also substantiated. Research limitations/implications: Future researches may replicate our model with a larger sample size in order to enhance generalizability. It will be also fruitful to extend this research to various other online shopping environments. Practical implications: Implication suggests that online retailers and designers of shopping websites should understand the importance of online social interactions in order to encourage consumers’ online buying patterns. They should integrate elements of online social interaction, together with reviews that customer placed online on websites, buying pattern, history and sales volume on their websites for the transformation of eWOM. What is original/value of paper: The social network paradigm and UGT are confirmed and validated by current study in online word-of-mouth context. This study stands as a pioneer that empirically scrutinize the moderating effect of these traits and reveals that online social interactions can strongly enhances consumers’ purchase on impulse when individuals display the traits of i.e. extroversion, openness
Effect of Moringa, Thyme, Sumac Powders and Their Mixture on Growth Performance in Broiler Chicken¥

This study was conducted to figure out the effect of 1% inclusion of three herbal (Moringa leaves powder, Sumac fruit powder, Thyme powders and their mixture) in the diet on broiler chick’s growth performance. A total of 181 a day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into five dietary treatments with 3 replicates (12 birds/rep). The groups were Control (no addition, T1), 1% Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves powder (MLP, T2), 1% Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit powder (SFP, T3), 1% Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves powder (TLP, T4), 1% Mixture of Moringa, Sumac and Thyme leaves powder (MST, T5). The birds were offered non-pelleted diets ad libitum from beginnig to end of the trail. Live body weight, body weight gain, accumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Moringa leaves powder (MLP), Sumac fruit powder (SFP), the mixture of Moringa, Sumac and Thyme (MST) had significant (p<0.05) effects on growth performance. Dietary supplementation of the herbs had positive effect on live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio. The highest LBW was observed in MLP and MST groups. In terms of LBW, however, there was no significant (p< 0.05) differences for the birds fed with supplemented Thyme leaves powder (TLP) relative to the control group during all total periods (0-42 d). Positive effects was observed on accumulative FCR comparing to the control group and the best significant FCR was obtained by using Moringa additive. However, there were no significant effects (P<0.05) of treatments on accumulative feed intake except the feed supplementation with Thyme only when comparing to control group and other treatments. As a result, Moringa leaves powder, Sumac fruit powder, Thyme leaves powder, and Mixture of Moringa, Sumac & Thyme leaves powder could be used as growth promoter instead of antibiotics by 1% of supplementation in the diet of broiler with no negative effects.
Predictors of intestinal perforation in children with typhoid fever

Abstract Typhoid fever is a major public health problem globally; the greater burden however occurs in the developing countries because of lack of potable water and proper waste management. The disease is associated with a high mortality rate especially in those with enteric perforation or intestinal hemorrhage. The goal of this study was to identify the clinical and laboratory factors that predicts the development of enteric perforation in children with typhoid fever. This study was a retrospective case-control analysis of children admitted for typhoid fever with or without enteric perforation over a three – year period in a newly established teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria. Forty-seven children with typhoid fever and enteric perforation (cases) were compared with 94 controls (those with typhoid fever but without enteric perforation). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was applied to all the factors that were initially significantly associated with enteric perforation. Male sex (Odd Ratio, OR = 3.10, p = 0.003); inadequate treatment (OR = 3.03, p < 0.001); short duration of illness (OR = 2.36, p = 0.030); neutrophilia (OR = 2.92, p = 0.013) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR = 1.07, p = 0.041) were found to have independently contributed to development of perforation in children with typhoid fever. This study has attempted to outline the factors that may predict typhoid ileal perforation in children, thereby helping in recognition of high risk cases and drawing up of screening tool to facilitate effective and prompt management.
The Köppen climate classification as a diagnostic tool for general circulation models

Koppen climate classification was applied to the output of atmospheric general circulation models and coupled atmosphere-ocean circulation models. The classification was used to validate model control runs of the present climate and to analyse greenhouse gas warming simulations The most prominent results of the global warming con~putationsw ere a retreat of regions of permafrost and the increase of areas with tropical rainy climates and dry climates.
Comparison of Solubility, Water sorption and M argina l leakage between XenoCem - plus Resin C ement (Dentsplysankin, Japan) and GI Fuji I cement (GC,Japan).

Fixed prosthesis treatments have a very important role in replacing lost po rtion of/or extracted teeth. Although the long term clinical success of this treatments require to have a restoration with desirable features such as retention, stability, preservation of tooth structure, structural durability, marginal integrity and prese rvation of periodontium, but it is dependent to cement . 32 sound human maxillary premolar teeth were selected, which were not passed over three months from their extraction due to orthodontic treatments. The mean of dye penetration in buccal (A) and lingu al surface (B) and the overall mean of dye penetration in two kinds of cements were respectively 0.23, 0.22 and 0.225 mm in GI cement and 0.22, 0.24 and 0.23 mm in Xeno cement. In addition, mean of standard deviations of dye penetration inbuccal and lingua l surface and overall mean of dye penetration in two kinds of cements were respectively 0.191, 0.139 and 0.163 in GI cement and 0.141, 0.176 and 0.155 in Xeno cement. The most dye penetration between studied samples was 0.55 mm that it was in buccal surfac e of GI cement and the lowest dye penetration was 0 mm that it was seenin both cements. In negative control group, was not found dye penetration in samples. There was statistically significant difference between the main groups and positive control group ( p 0.05). In this study have been compared amount of marginal leakage, percent of solubility and water sorption in two kinds of GI Fuji I and Xenocem - plus luting cement. The main group cemented veneers marginal leakage in both kinds of cements was not significant differencesand both cements for leakage were almost identical. There were statistically significant difference between the main groups and control samples, so that amount of marginal leakage was significantly higher in control groups. In all intervals, the solubility of Xenocem - plus resin cement was lower than GI cement. Therefore, according to the conditions and limitations of thi s study, Xenocem - plus resin cement has preference to GI cement. In all intervals, the amount of GI cement water sorption was more than Xenocem - plus resin cement. So according to the conditions and limitations of this study, the dimensional stability of Xen ocem - plus cement is more than GI cement; Although has been explanted that water sorption can be a positive compensation factor.
Instrumental Variables Approach to Estimating the Continuing Effect of HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Global Development

The world has experienced different forms of epidemics outbreaks: cholera including VHF, H1N1, & TB, SAS, INFLUENZA, SWINE FLU, meningitis, which impact affect nations' income. Yet the case of HIV-AIDS remains a chronic albatross around the neck of the globe with its ramifying effects. Ironically, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has targeted mainly adults and therefore impacted negatively on human capital accumulation by reducing its productivity. The burden of any disease, or the loss of health capital, has had a powerful influence on the economic activity of a country at different levels of income, especially when it affects the labour force. There is plenty of evidence that the HIV/AIDS epidemic has deeply affected humankind for more than three decades.
Sunjammer: preliminary end-to-end mission design

This paper provides a preliminary end-to-end mission design for NASA’s Sunjammer solar sail mission, which is scheduled for ground test deployment in 2015 with launch at a later date and targets the sub-L1 region for advanced solar storm warning. The artificial equilibrium points (AEPs) in the sub-L1 region accessible by the Sunjammer sail as well as solar sail Halo orbits are investigated. Subsequently, the fly-out from an Earth GTO into either a selected sub-L1 AEP or Halo orbit is optimized for a trade-off between the AV to be provided at GTO perigee and the time of flight. In addition, interesting, time-optimal extended mission scenarios are presented to underpin future solar sail mission applications, e.g. transferring to an AEP high above the ecliptic plane for high-latitude Earth observation. All analyses are carried out both for an ideal Sunjammer sail performance as well as for a realistic performance derived from a detailed sail structural analysis. A comparison of the results shows that non-ideal sail properties increase the time of flight of the trajectories by 2.4 - 7.9%.
Antidepressants Should ��er a �is��Bene�t Balance

is paper raises the question about whether the data on the medications we call antidepressants justify the label of antidepressant. e authors argue that a true antidepressant should be clearly superior to placebo, should offer a risk/bene�t balance that exceeds that of alternative treatments, should not increase suicidality, should not increase anxiety and agitation, should not interfere with sexual functioning, and should not increase depression chronicity. Unfortunately, these medications appear to fall short on all of these dimensions. Many of the “side effects” of these medications have larger effect sizes than the antidepressant effect size. To call thesemedications antidepressantsmaymake sense fromamarketing standpoint butmay bemisleading froma scienti�c perspective. Consumers deserve a label thatmore accurately re�ects the data on the largest effects and helps themunderstand the range of effects from thesemedications. In otherwords, itmaymake just asmuch sense to call thesemedications antiaphrodisiacs as antidepressants because the negative effects on libido and sexual functioning are so common. It can be argued that a misleading label may interfere with our commitment to informed consent. erefore, it may be time to stop calling these medications antidepressants.
Why Half of China's Overseas Acquisitions could not be Completed

About half of China's overseas acquisition attempts have not been completed; the chance of success is much lower than worldwide. This study provides an overview of China's overseas acquisition, and investigates the reasons behind the low likelihood that an acquisition deal is completed. By using a sample that consists of 1,324 overseas acquisition attempts by Chinese firms, the study found that multi-level determinants influence the outcome of China's overseas acquisitions. Based on the findings, we conclude that the distinctive social and economic environment of acquirers; ownership and low competitiveness of these acquirers; lack of global experience; and sensitiveness of the industry all hamper Chinese acquisition deals.
Synchronised trajectory-tracking control of multiple 3-DOF experimental helicopters

A synchronised trajectory-tracking control strategy is proposed for multiple experimental three-degrees-of-freedom helicopters. The model-based controller includes a feedforward compensation term and a PD feedback control term. Asymptotic convergence is achieved for both trajectory tracking and motion synchronisation. A proposed generalised synchronisation error concept allows the design of different synchronisation strategies so that different synchronisation performance can be reached. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.