Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle : fundamental biology and mechanisms of disease

A valuable study of the science behind the medicine, "Muscle: Fundamental Biology and Mechanisms of Disease" brings together key leaders in muscle biology. These experts provide state-of-the-art insights into the three forms of muscle - cardiac, skeletal, and smooth - from molecular anatomy, basic physiology, disease mechanisms, and targets of therapy. Commonalities and contrasts among these three tissue types are highlighted. This book focuses primarily on the biology of the myocyte. Individuals active in muscle investigation - as well as those new to the field--will find this work useful, as will students of muscle biology. In the case of the former, many wish to grasp issues at the margins of their own expertise (e.g. clinical matters at one end; molecular matters at the other), and this book is designed to assist them. Students, postdoctoral fellows, course directors and other faculty will find this book of interest. Beyond this, many clinicians in training (e.g. cardiology fellows) will benefit. It is the only resource to focus on science before the clinical work and therapeutics. Tiered approach to subject: discussion first of normal muscle function through pathological/disease state changes, and ending each section with therapeutic interventions. Coverage of topics ranging from basic physiology to newly discovered molecular mechanisms of muscle diseases for all three muscle types: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth.
Vector bundles and projective modules

Serre [9, ? 50] has shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between algebraic vector bundles over an affine variety and finitely generated projective modules over its coordinate ring. For some time, it has been assumed thlat a similar correspondence exists between topological vector bundles over a compact Hausdorff space X and finitely generated projective modules over the ring of continuous real-valued functions on X. A number of examples of projective modules have been given using this correspondence. However, no rigorous treatment of the correspondence seems to have been given. I will give such a treatment here and then give some of the examples which may be constructed in this way.
Open Access book publisher

A finite element code, which can handle large-scale collapse and motion behaviors of structural and non-structural components of buildings, was developed. The code was developed with a use of an adaptively shifted integration (ASI)-Gauss technique. It provides higher computational efficiency than the conventional code in those problems with strong nonlinearities including phenomena such as member fracture and elemental contact. Several numerical results obtained by using the numerical code are shown in this chapter: first, a seismic pounding analysis of the Nuevo Leon buildings, in which two out of the three buildings collapsed completely in the 1985 Mexican earthquake, then, a continuous analysis of a steel frame building, subjected to a seismic excitation followed by application of tsunami force, and finally collided with a debris. A motion behavior analysis of a gymnasium is followed as a numerical example, showing the behaviors of indoor components such as ceilings, which dropped occasionally due to detachment of clips and screws. Furthermore, numerical results on motion behavior analysis of furniture were validated with some experimental results.
Soil water content, runoff and soil loss prediction in a small ungauged agricultural basin in the Mediterranean region using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool

SUMMARY The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possibilities of using sub-basin data for calibration of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in a small (46 ha) ungauged basin (i.e. where the water flow is not systematically measured) and its response. This small basin was located in the viticultural Anoia-Penedès region (North-east Spain), which suffers severe soil erosion. The data sources were: daily weather data from an observatory located close to the basin; a detailed soil map of Catalonia; a 5-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM); a crop/land use map derived from orthophotos taken in 2010 and an additional detailed soil survey (40 points) within the basin, which included properties such as texture, soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, bulk density and water retention capacity at −33 and −1500 kPa. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify and rank the sensitive parameters that affect the hydrological response and sediment yield to changes of model input parameters. A 1-year calibration and 1-year validation were carried out on the basis of soil moisture measured at 0·20-m intervals from depths of 0·10 to 0·90 m in two selected sub-basins, and data related to estimations of runoff and sediment concentrations in runoff collected in the same sub-basins. The present paper shows a methodological approach for calibrating SWAT in small ungauged basins using soil water content measurements and runoff samples collected within the basin. The SWAT satisfactorily predicted the average soil water content, runoff and soil loss for moderate intensity events recorded during the study periods. However, it was not satisfactory for high-intensity events which would require exploring the possibilities of using sub-daily information as an input model parameter.
Title: Assembly of the synaptonemal complex is a highly temperature-sensitive process that is supported by PGL-1 during C

Author for Correspondence: Kentaro Nabeshima Contact: Mailing address: 109 Zina Pithcer Pl. BSRB 3029, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA Email: knabe@umich.edu Phone: 734-615-2620 Fax: 734-615-8500 Running Title: Temperature-sensitive SC assembly
Polyurethane Nanofibers Obtained By Electrospinning Process

Electrospinning is a broadly used technology to obtain polymeric nanofibers ranging from several micrometers down to several hundred nanometers for a wide range of applications. It offers unique capabilities to produce nanofibers with controllable porous structure. With smaller pores and higher surface area than regular fibers, electrospun fibers have been successfully applied in various fields, such as, nanocatalysis, tissue engineering scaffolds, protective clothing, filtration, biomedical, pharmaceutical, optical electronics, healthcare, biotechnology, defense and security, and environmental engineering. In this study, polyurethane nanofibers were obtained under different electrospinning parameters. Fiber morphology and diameter distribution were investigated in order to understand them as a function of process parameters. Keywords—Electrospinning, polyurethane, nanofibers.
Author's response to reviews Title: Psychiatric disorders and clinical correlates of suicidal patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Tokyo Authors:

Naoki Hayashi (nhayashi55@nifty.com) Miyabi Igarashi (crocus50@be.to) Atsushi Imai (atsushi.imai0518@jcom.home.ne.jp) Yuka Osawa (sawako_smile@hotmail.com) Kaori Utsumi (kumommmomm@gmail.com) Yoichi Ishikawa (ginyu@fine.ocn.ne.jp) Taro Tokunaga (p-tisiah@cool.odn.ne.jp) Kayo Ishimoto (ggg10211360@yahoo.co.jp) Hirohiko Harima (harima-tky@umin.ac.jp) Yoshitaka Tatebayashi (marsiny@prit.go.jp) Naoki Kumagai (Naoki_Kumagai@member.metro.tokyo.jp) Makoto Nozu (Makoto_Nozu@member.metro.tokyo.jp) Hidetoki Ishii (z47783a@cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp) Yuji Okazaki (okazaki@matsuzawa-hp.metro.tokyo.jp)
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Older Adults - Gender Differences

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Older Adults - Gender Differences Background. Spinal stenosis usually occurs in older adults. The treatment of this condition is with varying success It is necessary to assess the risk and the expected benefits of the treatment (surgical or not surgical) in the rapidly growing old segment of population. Aim. The aim of this study is to present the anatomic and segmental distribution of spinal stenotic changes in the symptomatic old adult males and females and to contribute toward framing an agenda for an optional treatment of this condition in the old segment of the population. Material and Methods. In the study the anatomic presence of spinal stenotic changes in the symptomatic older adults, referred for lumbar MRI was evaluated. The segmental distribution of spinal stenosis in old adult males and females, if the anatomical unit is the vertebral body and the disc bellow it was presented. Results. Of the 27 male and female patients with spinal stenosis, 65 and older, according to the localization of the spinal stenosis, the most frequent affected levels were L4 and L3. In the old adult female patients stenotic changes affected more proximal levels of the lumbar spine and there was a significantly larger number of female patients with stenotic changes on two, three and even four adjacent levels. Conclusion. Spinal stenosis in older adults is multilevel and multifactorial disorder, caused by different factors related to the degenerative processes.
The role of the encapsulated cargo in microcompartment assembly

Bacterial microcompartments are large, roughly icosahedral shells that assemble around enzymes and reactants involved in certain metabolic pathways in bacteria. Motivated by microcompartment assembly, we use coarse-grained computational and theoretical modeling to study the factors that control the size and morphology of a protein shell assembling around hundreds to thousands of molecules. We perform dynamical simulations of shell assembly in the presence and absence of cargo over a range of interaction strengths, subunit and cargo stoichiometries, and the shell spontaneous curvature. Depending on these parameters, we find that the presence of a cargo can either increase or decrease the size of a shell relative to its intrinsic spontaneous curvature, as seen in recent experiments. These features are controlled by a balance of kinetic and thermodynamic effects, and the shell size is assembly pathway dependent. We discuss implications of these results for synthetic biology efforts to target new enzymes to microcompartment interiors.
Physical changes within a large tropical hydroelectric reservoir induced by wintertime cold front activity

We investigated the influence of wintertime cold front activity on the physical processes within a large tropical reservoir located in Brazil. The period chosen for this study consisted of 49 days between 28 April 2010 and 15 July 2010. This period was defined based on information from the Brazilian Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), data collected in situ and the interpretation of remotely sensed images. To better understand the governing processes that drive changes in the heat balance, differential cooling and mixing dynamics, a simulation was performed that utilized a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model enforced with in situ and remote sensing data. The results showed that during a cold front passage over the reservoir, the sensible and latent heat fluxes were enhanced by approximately 77 and 16%, respectively. The reservoir's daily averaged heat loss was up to 167% higher on the days with cold front activity than on the days without activity. The cold front passage also intensified the differential cooling process; in some cases the difference between the water temperature of the littoral and pelagic zones reached up to 8 °C. The occurrence of cold front passages impacted the diurnal mixed layer (DML), by increasing the turbulent energy input (∼54%) and the DML depth (∼41%). Our results indicate that the cold front events are one of the main meteorological disturbances driving the physical processes within hydroelectric reservoirs located in tropical South America during the wintertime. Hence, cold front activity over these aquatic systems has several implications for water quality and reservoir management in Brazil.
FHWA SUPPORTED STRUCTURES RESEARCH SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MICROPILES

Micropiles are grouted and small diameter piles that are traditionally used in foundation retrofit. Experimental evidence has indicated that micropiles behave well under seismic loading due to their high flexibility. Moreover, observations in the 1995 Kobe Earthquake indicate a good performance of friction piles under seismic loading. However, the seismic behavior of micropiles is not fully understood due to the limited number of full-and model-scale tests, as well as the limited amount of numerical modeling studies for micropiles. This project focuses on Finite Element modeling (FEM) of single micropile and micropile groups under both static and dynamic loading. Initially, dynamic FE soil models were developed to conduct site response analyses. The lateral vertical boundaries of the soil were set up in such a way that the reflection of the arrival waves at the boundaries was avoided. The results of the site response analyses were verified against the well-validated code, SHAKE. Subsequently, FE models for micropiles were developed with two constitutive soil models, i.e. a linear elastic and a bounding surface plasticity model. The micropile/soil interface was modeled either with perfect bonding or with frictional interface elements. For dynamic loading cases, a SDOF (single degree-of-freedom) superstructure was placed on top of the micropiles. Parametric studies were performed for various independent variables including load intensity, non-linearity of soil, and soil stiffness for the static case; and soil non-linearity, input motion intensity, frequency contents of input motion, and the natural period of the superstructure for the dynamic case. The static and dynamic behavior of micropiles was studied via the effects of aforementioned independent variables on the deflections and bending moments along the micropile length. None None 50 iii DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Washington State Transportation Commission, Department of Transportation, or the Federal Highway Administration. Figure 3.1 Two-dimensional FE model for single micropile analysis under dynamic Figure 4.6 Time history of deflections at micropile heads in both vertical and inclined micropiles at (a) 0. Figure 4.17 Deflection and bending moment profiles under the load of 400 kN at the micropile head from LPILE and ABAQUS for a highly non-linear soil with interface Micropiles are grouted and small diameter piles that are traditionally used in foundation retrofit. Experimental evidence has …
Cancer Therapy: Preclinical TherapeuticEfficacyof anFc-EnhancedTCR-likeAntibody to the Intracellular WT1 Oncoprotein

Purpose: RMFPNAPYL (RMF), a Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1)–derived CD8 T-cell epitope presented by HLA-A 02:01, is a validated target for T-cell–based immunotherapy. We previously reported ESK1, a high avidity (Kd < 0.2 nmol/L), fully-human monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the WT1 RMF peptide/ HLA-A 02:01 complex, which selectively bound and killed WT1þ and HLA-A 02:01þ leukemia and solid
The World Business Cycle and Expected Returns

We study the predictability of stock returns using a pure macroeconomic measure of the world business cycle, namely the world's capital to output ratio. This variable tracks variation in expected stock returns in a group of the major industrial economies in the presence of world financial market--based predictor variables. The world's capital to output ratio exhibits strong out-of-sample predictive power in almost all countries studied. This is in contrast to financial market--based variables that almost never have out-of-sample forecasting power. Using the stock return predictability that we uncover, we find that international versions of conditional asset pricing models perform well. The world capital to output ratio also predicts bond returns, interest rate changes, and credit spreads. The results highlight the importance of world business conditions for financial markets. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Test-Retest Reliability of Simulated Driving Performance: A Pilot Study

Twenty-seven volunteers completed three simulated driving tests to determine test-retest reliability of performance on a low-cost, fixed-base computerized driving simulator. One retest was completed a few hours after the initial drive, and the final retest was completed 7 days following the initial test drive. Driving performance was compared using measures of vehicle control, speed, and reaction time to critical events. A measure of participants’ ability to inhibit a pre-potent response was also assessed using an inhibition task during each drive, with the number of incorrect inhibition responses recorded. Practice effects were evident for measures of vehicle control (deviation of lane position and number of line crossings) and participants’ ability to withhold responses to inhibition tasks. Good test-retest reliability was observed for measures of vehicle control, speed, reaction time, and variability measures. Poor test-retest reliability was observed for the number of stopping failures observed during driving. The findings from this study suggest that the driving scenario used provides reliable assessment tasks that could be used to track the effects of pharmacological treatments on driving performance. However, an additional familiarization drive should be included as part of future study protocols employing this driving scenario to reduce learning effects during trials. Care should also be taken when interpreting results from tasks with low test-retest reliability.
Antiviral and Antioxidant Potential of Fungal Endophytes of Egyptian Medicinal Plants

This study aimed to explore the antioxidant potential and antiviral activity of endophytic fungi which were isolated from healthy living tissues of medicinal plants. Endophytic strains (29 different taxa) were isolated from 18 Egyptian medicinal plants collected from Saint Katherine Protectorate, Egypt. The fungal endophytes were identified based on morphological characters. All isolates were identified as ascomycetes, except two Zygomycetes strains (Absidia corymbifera and Mucor fuscus). Isolated endophytes were cultivated on potato dextrose media. The fungal metabolites were extracted by ethyl acetate and examined for their biological activities. Among 99 total extracts, only Chaetomium globosum, which was isolated from Adiantum capillus, showed a promising DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (99% at 100 µg/mL). Fifteen extracts prohibited the reproduction of HSV-2 virus. On the other hand, the reproduction of VSV-virus was inhibited by sixteen endophytic extracts. The promising anti-(HSV-2 and VSV) extract of endophytic Pleospora tarda strain; that was originally isolated from the medicinal plant Ephedra aphylla, showed viral inhibitory activity of 40.7% and 15.2%, respectively. Two compounds, for which antiviral activates could be attributed, were isolated and identified as alternariol and alternariol-(9)-methyl ether using different NMR techniques from P. tarda extract. For the first time, we report here the ability of the endophytic fungus P. tarda to produce alternariol and alternariol-(9)-methyl ether. The results indicate that the endophytic fungi from medicinal plants are promising sources of bioactive compounds.
MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PSYCHOUNGUISTICS

Proper citation and attribution Any use of the materials should be acknowledged in publications, presentations and other public materials. Entries have been developed by different individuals. Please cite authors as indicated on the webpage and front page of the pdf entry. Use of associated stimuli should also be cited by acknowledging the field manual entry. Intellectual property rights are hereby asserted.
Microteaching Lesson Study: An Approach to Prepare Teacher Candidates to Teach Science through Inquiry

Inquiry-based teaching has become the most recommended approach in science education for a few decades; however, it is not a common practice yet in k-12 school classrooms. In order to prepare future teachers to teach science through inquiry, a Microteaching Lesson Study (MLS) approach was employed in our science methods courses. Instead of asking teacher candidates to simply share (present) their inquiry-based lesson plans with peers, we requested teacher candidates to develop, teach, and collaboratively reflect upon their lessons. This paper reports our findings from a recently finished study that investigated teacher candidates‟ learning from and perspectives about MLS. Data were collected through teacher candidates‟ lesson plans, teaching performances, and reflective reports. The study concluded that MLS provided teacher candidates valuable practical opportunity and their learning through such collaborative action was significant. Participating teacher candidates highly valued MLS approach even though a few of them raised some concerns about it.
The Impact of Learning on Goal Encoding in Premotor Cortex

The dorsal aspect of the premotor cortex (PMd) is a key node in the cortical pathway for visually-guided reaching. As such, one of the functions it may contribute to is the conversion from visual (input) to muscle (output) coordinates. My central question is whether or not the task that the animal is trained to perform may affect the tuning properties of PMd neurons. To address this, we recorded from PMd of two Rhesus monkeys while they performed a delayed reaching task. The animals were not trained to fixate. We found that tuning in PMd for reach target location relative to the direction of gaze was quite weak. We recorded neural activity using a 96-channel Blackrock microelectrode array. Nine sessions with 447 well-isolated neurons were analyzed. We first used a planar regression to determine neural tuning. We found that tuning to the location of the target relative to the hand (TH) and target relative to the eye (TE) exhibited statistically significant regression fits (F-test, p > 0.05). However, we recognized that our tuning measurements could be overestimates. We found that both animals exhibit consistent gaze behavior patterns during the task, and this meant that at least some of the TH or TE tuning we observed might be an artifact of the nonuniform gaze behavior. To check for this, we performed two additional analyses. We used a partial regression analysis to first remove the tuning due to one reference frame so we could investigate whether the residual variance was tuned in the other reference frame. When the effect of TH was removed, only 36\% of our cells exhibited significant but weak tuning to TE. In our second analysis, we built a simulated neural population with TH tuning measured from the real data, but no TE tuning. When those simulated neurons were analyzed like the real data, using the monkeys' actual gaze behavior, we found they exhibited TE tuning. Our results suggest that neural tuning to the target location relative to the eye is inherently quite weak, weaker still than has been appreciated so far.
Dictionary Browser for Automatically Generated Bilingual Dictionaries

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that corpus-driven bilingual dictionaries generated fully by automatic means are suitable for human use. Previous experiments have proven that bilingual resources can be created by applying word alignment on parallel corpora and such resources are useful for bilingual dictionary compilation purposes. Moreover, the corpus-driven nature of the method yields several advantages over more traditional approaches. Most importantly, the exploitation of parallel corpora decreases the reliance on human intuition during dictionary building. However, the proposed technique has to face some difficulties, as well. First, the scarce availability of parallel texts for medium density languages imposes limitations on the size of the resulting dictionary. Secondly, the resulting bilingual resource is not completely clean: that is, wrong translation candidates are also included in the dictionary. In fact, there is a tight correlation between the proportion of wrong candidates and the size of the