Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The circumstellar environment of HD 50138 revealed by VLTI/AMBER at high angular resolution

Context. HD 50138 is a Herbig B[e] star with a circumstellar disc detected at infrared and millimeter wavelength. Its brightness makes it a good candidate for near-infrared interferometry observations. Aims. We aim to resolve, spatially and spectrally, the continuum and hydrogen emission lines in the 2.12–2.47 micron region, to shed light on the immediate circumstellar environment of the star. Methods. VLTI/AMBER K-band observations provide spectra, visibilities, differential phases, and closure phases along three long baselines for the continuum, and H I emission in Brγ and five high-n Pfund lines. By computing the pure line visibilities, we derive the angular size of the different line-emitting regions. A simple local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model was created to constrain the physical conditions of H I emitting region. Results. The continuum region cannot be reproduced by a geometrical two-dimensional (2D) elongated Gaussian fitting model. We estimate the size of the region to be 1 au. We find the detected hydrogen lines (Brγ and Pfund lines) come from a more compact region of size 0.4 au. The Brγ line exhibits an S-shaped differential phase, indicative of rotation. The continuum and Brγ line closure phases show offsets of ~ −25 ± 5° and 20 ± 10° respectively. This is evidence of an asymmetry in their origin, but with opposing directions. We find that we cannot converge on constraints for the HI physical parameters without a more detailed model. Conclusions. Our analysis reveals that HD 50138 hosts a complex circumstellar environment. Its continuum emission cannot be reproduced by a simple disc brightness distribution. Similarly, several components must be evoked to reproduce the interferometric observables within the Brγ line. Combining the spectroscopic and interferometric data of the Brγ and Pfund lines favours an origin in a wind region with a large opening angle. Finally, although we cannot exclude the possibility that HD 50138 is a young star our results point to an evolved source.
Accretion of satellites on to central galaxies in clusters: merger mass ratios and orbital parameters

We study the statistical properties of mergers between central and satellite galaxies in galaxy clusters in the redshift range $0<z<1$, using a sample of dark-matter only cosmological N-body simulations from Le SBARBINE dataset. Using a spherical overdensity algorithm to identify dark-matter haloes, we construct halo merger trees for different values of the over-density $\Delta_c$. While the virial overdensity definition allows us to probe the accretion of satellites at the cluster virial radius $r_{vir}$, higher overdensities probe satellite mergers in the central region of the cluster, down to $\approx 0.06 r_{vir}$, which can be considered a proxy for the accretion of satellite galaxies onto central galaxies. We find that the characteristic merger mass ratio increases for increasing values of $\Delta_c$: more than $60\%$ of the mass accreted by central galaxies since $z\approx 1$ comes from major mergers. The orbits of satellites accreting onto central galaxies tend to be more tangential and more bound than orbits of haloes accreting at the virial radius. The obtained distributions of merger mass ratios and orbital parameters are useful to model the evolution of the high-mass end of the galaxy scaling relations without resorting to hydrodynamic cosmological simulations.
Spatiotemporal patterns of carbon‐13 in the global surface oceans and the oceanic suess effect

A global synthesis of the 13C/12C ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the surface ocean is attempted by summarizing high‐precision data obtained from 1978 to 1997 in all major ocean basins. The data, mainly along transects but including three subtropical time series, are accompanied by simultaneous, precise measurements of DIC concentration and titration alkalinity. The reduced isotopic ratio, δ13C, in the surface ocean water is governed by a balance between biological and thermodynamic processes. These processes have strongly opposing tendencies, which result in a complex spatial pattern in δ13C with relatively little variability. The most distinctive feature in the spatial distribution of δ13C seen in our data is a maximum of δ13C near the subantarctic front with sharply falling values to the south. We attribute this feature to a combination of biological uptake of CO2 depleted in 13C (low δ13C) and air‐sea exchange near the front and upwelling further south of waters with low δ13C resulting from the remineralization of organic matter. Additional features are maxima in δ13C downstream of upwelling regions, reflecting biological uptake, and minima in the subtropical gyres caused by strongly temperature dependent thermodynamic isotopic fractionation. At the time series stations, two in the North Atlantic Ocean and one in the North Pacific, distinct seasonal cycles in δ13C are observed, the Pacific data exhibiting only about half the amplitude of the Atlantic. Secular decreases in δ13C caused by the invasion of isotopically light anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean (the 13C Suess effect) have been identified at these time series stations and also in data from repeated transects in the Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific. A tentative global extrapolation of these secular decreases yields a surface oceanic 13C Suess effect of approximately −0.018‰ yr−1 from 1980 to 1995. This effect is nearly the same as the 13C Suess effect observed globally in the atmosphere over the same period. We attribute this response to a deceleration in the growth rate of anthropogenic CO2 emissions after 1979, which subsequently has reduced the atmospheric 13C Suess effect more than the surface ocean effect.
Vertical advection of phytoplankton and productivity estimates: a dimensional analysis

Standard incubation procedures may underestimate phytoplankton productivity by maintaining the organisms at fixed light intensities or depths. Conditions under which bias could occur are quantified in terms of 2 dimensionless groups. The first is a dimensionless time, t ' = k2Yt, where k = diffuse attenuation coefficient for light, K, = coefficient of vertical eddy diffusivity, t = incubation time. It represents the duration of the incubation scaled to the time required for a freely-circulating ensemble of phytoplankton to diffuse 1 optical attenuation length. The second is a photoinhibition index, (Ib')-' = I&,. where I. = surface incident irradiance, I, is a parameter characterizing the photoinhibition region of the light saturation curve of photosynthesis; photoinhibition at surface intensities is 0 when (Ita)-' = 0, and increases as (Itm)-l increases. Published data on the effects of vertical motion on phytoplankton photosynthesis indicate that ( I b ' ) ' must exceed a critical value for negative bias to occur in productivity estimates. In general, the critical value is a function of t ' , but certain boundaries can be identified. A minimum critical value of ( I t m ) ' = 0.25 (i.e. low susceptibility to photoinhibition), below which there is no bias, occurs at t ' = 10. For (I , ' ) ' > 1.5 (high susceptibility to photoinhibition), some bias occurs for all values of t' Values of ( Ib ' ) ' are examlned in 4 regions to infer the degree to which previous data sets may have been biased.
Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fossils from the Nefud Desert , Saudi Arabia , 1 and their implications for biogeography and palaeoecology 2 3

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Quality of Care for Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a University Primary Care Centre in Malaysia

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) with its concurrent cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia and its complications has now accounted for the majority of national and global morbidity and mortality. Aims & Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of complications appearing in diabetic patients despite therapy, addressing to an urban academic primary care centre. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of a cross-sectional study on 212 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) conducted from June to September 2006. Patients aged ≥ 30 years, non-smokers and under follow-up care of senior doctors were recruited. The average of the three most recent readings of fasting plasma sugar, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profiles was taken as measures of respective disease control. Results: Two thirds of the patients were female. The mean age was 62.7 (SD± 10.8) years and the duration of T2D was 11.74 (SD± 6.7) years. A total of 23.6% achieved HbA1c ≤ 7.0%, 26.2% attained LDL-C ≤ 2.6 mmol/L and 24.5% achieved target blood pressure < 130/ 80 mmHg. The most prevalent co-morbid condition was hypertension (77.3%). A total of 27.2% patients had diabetic complications, out of which 86.5% had one complication. Proteinuria < 1gm/L and coronary artery disease were the two most common complications. There were only 16% on subcutaneous insulin and this was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (t = 5.38, df= 204, p < 0.0001) and HbA1c (t = 4.31, df= 206, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Many T2D patients at this centre did not achieve treatment goals. Insulin and lipidlowering drugs use should be optimized to improve control rates. More structured care processes are urgently needed in order to achieve good glycaemic control.
Power-Constrained Limits

We propose a method for setting limits that avoids excluding parameter values for which the sensitivity falls below a specified threshold. These "power-constrained" limits (PCL) address the issue that motivated the widely used CLs procedure, but do so in a way that makes more transparent the properties of the statistical test to which each value of the parameter is subjected. A case of particular interest is for upper limits on parameters that are proportional to the cross section of a process whose existence is not yet established. The basic idea of the power constraint can easily be applied, however, to other types of limits.
Evaluation of fast growing tree water use under different soil moisture regimes using wick lysimeters

Abstract: The cultivation of fast growing trees has high potential for bioenergy production on marginal lands. Information about the water use efficiency in combination with the ecophysiological response to drought stress is still incomplete. For the study of the transpiration-biomass relations satisfactory results can be obtained under controlled conditions by using lysimeters. Nonetheless, several technical problems related to the manufacturing can bias the outcome. Pan lysimeters are economical and relatively easy to assemble, however, saturation at the lower boundary can happen. On the other hand tension lysimeters, where the suction is applied by a vacuum pump, are effective but expensive and need constant maintenance. To avoid stagnancy and reduce production costs we assembled a tension controlled wick lysimeter, where the tension at the bottom layer is actively exerted by a hanging water column through the wick material (rockwool). We aim to assess the performance of the wick lysimeter coupled with an automatic irrigation system for the study of water use-yield relation black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) under different irrigation regimes. The volumetric soil content for each treatment, namely low water (LW), medium water (MW) and high water amount (HW), was maintained at 0.07, 0.14 and 0.2 m3 m-3 respectively. During the vegetation period (161 days) the plants growing at LW reduced their water use by 60%, their leaf area by 40% and the total above ground biomass by 46%. As a result, we found a linear correlation (R2 = 0.98) between the relative biomass produced and the relative water use. The calculated relative water use efficiency (RWUE) for black locust total above ground dry biomass is 0.96. Furthermore, after the harvest we evaluated the effectiveness of the lysimeter and irrigation system: the soil moisture of the treatments was kept up at the predefined values and an unsaturated condition at the boundary layer was maintained throughout the vegetation period. Because of the improved design no roots grew into the drainage extension and no unexpected change of the lysimeters hydraulic property occurred. Considering the relatively low-cost material used and the low maintenance needed, compared to other tension controlled lysimeters, wick lysimeters are effective tools for forestry studies of young trees.
The connection between globular cluster systems and their host galaxy and environment: a case study of the isolated elliptical NGC 821

In an effort to probe the globular cluster (GC) system of an isolated elliptical galaxy, a comprehensive analysis of the NGC 821 GC system was performed. New imaging from the WIYN Mini-Mosaic imager, supplemented with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 images reveals a GC system similar to those found in counterpart ellipticals located in high-density environments. To put these results into the context of galaxy formation, a robustly determined census of GC systems is presented and analysed for galaxies spanning a wide range of masses (> M*), morphologies and environments. Results from this meta-study: (1) confirm previous findings that the number of GCs normalized by host galaxy stellar mass increases with host stellar mass. Spiral galaxies in the sample show smaller relative GC numbers than those of massive ellipticals, suggesting the GC systems of massive ellipticals were not formed from major spiral–spiral mergers; (2) indicate that GC system numbers per unit galaxy baryon mass increases with host baryon mass and that GC formation efficiency may not be universal as previously thought; (3) suggest previously reported trends with environment may be incorrect due to sample bias or the use of galaxy stellar masses to normalize GC numbers. Thus claims for environmentally dependent GC formation efficiencies should be revisited; (4) in combination with weak-lensing halo mass estimates, suggest that GCs formed in direct proportion to the halo mass; (5) are consistent with theoretical predictions whereby the local epoch of reionization did not vary significantly with environment or host galaxy type.
Influence of Financial Literacy of Teachers on Financial Education Teaching in Elementary Schools

Would teachers' own lack of financial literacy inhibit their teaching financial education in the classroom? Using unique data from a sample of elementary school teachers in Taiwan, this paper examines the impact of teachers' personal financial literacy on the effectiveness of their financial education teaching. Our results substantiated that there is a positive correlation between teachers' financial literacy and financial education teaching. Furthermore, elementary school teachers underlying this study, as a group, show medium-high levels of financial literacy. Teachers generally believe that current elementary school textbooks cannot cultivate sufficient financial management knowledge in elementary school students, suggesting the unsuitability of financial education curricular materials for elementary school teachers. Finally, the results showed that elementary school teachers did not demonstrate significant differences in "highest degree earned," "college major," "number of years teaching social studies," or "school location" in terms of financial literacy as well as financial education teaching.
Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion.

The secretion of growth hormone (GH) is regulated through a complex neuroendocrine control system, especially by the functional interplay of two hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS), exerting stimulatory and inhibitory influences, respectively, on the somatotrope. The two hypothalamic neurohormones are subject to modulation by a host of neurotransmitters, especially the noradrenergic and cholinergic ones and other hypothalamic neuropeptides, and are the final mediators of metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune influences for the secretion of GH. Since the identification of the GHRH peptide, recombinant DNA procedures have been used to characterize the corresponding cDNA and to clone GHRH receptor isoforms in rodent and human pituitaries. Parallel to research into the effects of SS and its analogs on endocrine and exocrine secretions, investigations into their mechanism of action have led to the discovery of five separate SS receptor genes encoding a f.
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer biomarkers beyond morphology

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) still represents a challenge in decision-making and clinical management since prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment are still under investigation. In addition to the risk factors defined by EORTC guidelines, histological features have also been considered key variables able to impact on recurrence and progression in bladder cancer. Conversely, the role of genomic rearrangements or expression of specific proteins at tissue level need further assessment in NMIBC. As with muscle-invasive cancer, NMIBC is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by genomic instability, varying rates of mutation and a wide range of protein tissue expression. In this Review, we summarized the recent evidence on prognostic and predictive tissue biomarkers in NMIBC, beyond morphological parameters, outlining how they could affect tumor biology and consequently its behavior during clinical care. Our aim was to facilitate clinical evaluation of promising biomarkers that may be employed to better stratify patients. We described the most common molecular events and immunohistochemical protein expressions linked to recurrence and progression. Moreover, we discussed the link between available treatments and molecular drivers that could be predictive of clinical response. In conclusion, we foster further investigations with particular focus on immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue biomarkers, a promising and cost-effective tool for daily practice.
Handbook of Analysis of Edible Animal By-Products

Chemistry and Biochemistry Introduction-Offal Meat: Definitions, Regions, Cultures, and Generalities Leo M.L. Nollet and Fidel Toldra Food Grade Proteins from Animal By-Products: Their Usage and Detection Methods Yun-Hwa Peggy Hsieh and Jack Appiah Ofori Analysis of Rendered Fats Stephen B. Smith and Dana R. Smith Analysis of Cholesterol in Edible Animal By-Products Neura Bragagnolo Oxidation Mario Estevez, Sonia Ventanas, Rui Ganhao, and David Morcuende Technological Quality Color Measurements on Edible Animal By-Products and Muscle Based Foods Jose Angel Perez-Alvarez, Maria Estrella Sayas-Barbera, Esther Sendra Nadal, and Juana Fernandez-Lopez Nutritional Quality Composition and Calories Karl-Otto Honikel Essential Amino Acids Maria-Concepcion Aristoy and Fidel Toldra Fatty Acids. Jose A. Mestre Prates, Cristina Mateus Alfaia, Susana P. Alves,and Rui J. Branquinho Bessa Vitamins Young-Nam Kim Minerals and Trace Elements Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas, Amparo Alegria, Reyes Barbera, and Rosaura Farre Safety Spoilage Detection Isabel Guerrero-Legarreta Microbial Foodborne Pathogens Eleftherios H. Drosinos, Spiros Paramithiotis, and Nikolaos Andritsos Mycotoxins and Toxins Carla Soler, Jose Miguel Soriano, and Jordi Manes Detection of Bone in Meat. Wolfgang Branscheid and Michael Judas Detection of Adulterations: Identification of Animal Species. Johannes A. Lenstra and Stephan A. van der Heijden Detection of Neuronal Tissues and Other Non-Muscle Tissues with Respect to TSE Ernst Lucker, Mitja Malunat, and Katharina Riehn Residues of Food Contact Materials. Emma L. Bradley and Laurence Castle Growth Promoters Milagro Reig and Fidel Toldra Antibiotics Houda Berrada and Guillermina Font Environmental Contaminants: Pesticides Pablo Vazquez-Roig and Yolanda Pico Environmental Contaminants: Heavy Metals Giovanni Forte and Beatrice Bocca Environmental Contaminants: Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Edible Animal By-Products Jose A. Garcia Regueiro and Massimo Castellari Index
Heavy Metal: The Music And Its Culture

The definitive study of heavy metal culture that "does for metal what Greil Marcus's Lipstick Traces did for the Sex Pistols" ( -Chicago Sun-Times ). Few forms of music elicit such strong reactions as does heavy metal. Embraced by millions of fans, it has also attracted a chorus of critics, who have denounced it as a corrupter of youtheven blamed it for tragedies like the murders at Columbine. Deena Weinstein argues that these fears stem from a deep misunderstanding of the energetic, rebellious culture of metal, which she analyzes, explains, and defends. She interprets all aspects of the metal worldthe music and its makers, its fans, its dress code, its lyricsand in the process unravels the myths, misconceptions, and truths about an irreverent subculture that has endured and evolved for twenty years.
Cardioprotective Effect of Diazoxide Is Mediated by Activation of Sarcolemmal but Not Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Mice

Background—We recently demonstrated that the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (sarcKATP) channel plays a key role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injuries in Kir6.2-knockout (KO) mice. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of diazoxide, a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel opener, on ischemia-induced myocardial stunning in sarcKATP channel-deficient mice. Methods and Results—Langendorff-perfused hearts of wild-type (WT) and KO mice were subjected to global ischemia/reperfusion. Diazoxide improved the recovery of contractile function in WT hearts but not in KO hearts. Treatment with HMR1098 (a sarcKATP channel blocker) but not 5-hydroxydecanoate (a mitoKATP channel blocker) abolished the cardioprotective effect of diazoxide in WT hearts. In coronary-perfused WT ventricular muscle preparations, action potential shortening during ischemia was accelerated in the presence of diazoxide. Conclusions—Diazoxide enhances action potential shortening during ischemia by activating sarcKATP channels and provides cardioprotection in mouse hearts.
The Faber book of reportage

What was it like to be caught in the firestorm that destroyed Pompeii? To have dinner with Attila the Hun? To watch the charge of the Light Brigade? To see the Titanic slide beneath the waves? John Carey's best-selling "Faber Book of Reportage" draws its eyewitness account from memoirs, travel books and newspapers. This is history with the varnish removed. "A quite stunning collection. There are descriptions in this book so fresh that they sear themselves into the imagination". (Jeremy Paxman).