Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dentists' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Root Canal Treatment Procedure: Survey-based Research.

AIM The aim of this survey was to assess the dentists' knowledge, attitude and practice of endodontic treatment procedures and materials in Damascus city (capital of Syria), and the effect of endodontic specialty and years of experience on the survey findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred direct contacts (25 multiple-choice questions containing) questionnaires were distributed to randomly selected dentists practicing in Damascus city in 11 different areas, and a questionnaire contained questions regarding dentists' knowledge, attitude, and practice of root canal treatment procedure. The collected data were entered into a personal computer and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), 25 edition. RESULTS One hundred eighty-eight questionnaires were collected with a 94% response rate. About 71.8% were general dental practitioners (GDPs), 25.5% were not practicing molar endodontics, and only 5.3% were referring difficult cases to endodontists. 32.4% and 21.8% of respondents were practicing vital and necrotic single visit root canal treatment, respectively. Only 6.9% were using rubber dam isolation, and more than half of the respondents used the standardized preparation technique. Non-setting calcium hydroxide was used 100% as an intra-canal medicament during necrotic root canal treatment sessions.96. 3% of our respondents prefer delaying final restoration to next visit for symptoms disappearance. CONCLUSION It was evident that more practicing experience does not improve treatment options selections of endodontic treatment. So the continuous educational programs are a very important way to change the old or wrong concepts in dental offices. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The sample covered a large number of dentists who are working in Damascus; the most developed place in Syria. It is also considered that for carrying out such kind of surveys as long as the dentists are familiar with this type of studies.
HRM Process Advantage for Firm Performance

To date, most research focused on the possibility of a link between HRM and Organizational Performance has tendedto home in on the content of HRM policies, practices, and strategies, and explore which of them make a difference toorganizational outcomes. The presupposition in such research is that “what is done is more critical than how it isdone”. In this study, based on social context and social influence theories, the HRM-Organizational Performancerelationship has been examined from an HRM process vantage point. It was proposed that employees’ perceptions oforganizational level characteristics of the HRM process would reflect the “strength” of HRM. This strength wouldinfluence the formation of an organizational HRM climate for empowerment, commitment and citizenship. Further,HRM process strength would influence employee performance and voluntary employee turnover. The construct ofHRM process strength was validated using Structural Equation Modeling analysis. Regression and HierarchicalLinear Modeling Analyses showed that HRM process strength influences employees’ attitudes and behaviors, theirperformance, and voluntary employee turnover.
Unintended pregnancy rates differ according to combined oral contraceptive – results from the INAS-SCORE study

Abstract Objectives: To estimate the real-use contraceptive effectiveness of the combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing dienogest and oestradiol valerate (DNG/oEV) compared to other combined oral contraceptives (oCOC) and particularly, levonorgestrel-containing OCs (LNG). Methods: Prospective, non-interventional cohort study with two main exposure groups and one exposure subgroup: new users of DNG/oEV and oCOC, with the subgroup, LNG. In a planned secondary analysis, pregnancy outcomes were investigated, including contraceptive failure. The influence of age, parity and OC-type were assessed. Results: 30,098 COC users were followed for a total oral contraceptive exposure time of 68,362 woman-years (WY) and 287 unintended pregnancies were reported. The overall contraceptive failure rate in the European population was 0.4 events/100 WY (95% CI, 0.4–0.5). DNG/oEV showed lower contraceptive failure rates compared to the comparators. This difference was maintained when the study population was restricted to women aged 18–35 years; the pearl index (PI) for this demographic for DNG/oEV was 0.37 (95% CI 0.24–0.54) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.56–1.01) for LNG. The hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, parity, smoking and BMI were 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5–0.98, p = .04) and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3–0.8, p < .01) for DNG/oEV versus oCOC and LNG, respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs in women aged 25 years or younger were 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–1.1) and 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2–0.8), respectively. Conclusions/discussion: DNG/oEV showed improved contraceptive effectiveness compared with oCOC and particularly LNG-COC when adjusted for age, parity, user status and smoking.
Nonpharmacological Interventions to Improve Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life (QoL) in People With Dementia: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

This overview aimed to systematically synthesize evidence from existing systematic reviews to signpost practitioners to the current evidence base on nonpharmacological interventions to improve depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia and to discuss priorities for future research. The databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in August 2017 with an updated search in January 2019. Fourteen systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological interventions were identified. Dementia stage was rated moderate or severe in the majority of the reviews and type of dementia varied. Interventions reported to be effective were cognitive stimulation (QoL: standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.38), music-based therapeutic interventions (depression: SMD = −0.27, anxiety: SMD = −0.43, QoL: SMD = 0.32), and psychological treatments (mainly cognitive behavior therapy; depression: SMD = −0.22, anxiety: MD = −4.57). Although health-care professionals are recommended to continue using these approaches, future research needs to focus on the type and form of interventions that are most effective for different stages and types of dementia.
Utility of serum total and free prostate-specific antigen in combination with serum carbohydrate antigen 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen in breast tumours

Background: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is secreted by prostate gland as well as hormonally regulated tissues such as breast, ovaries and endometrium. We aimed to assess the utility of serum total and free PSA in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: Seventy two female patients (38 with benign breast disease and 34 with malignant breast disease) who were histologically, cytologically confirmed with diagnosis of primary breast tumours were investigated. Serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA), Free PSA, CEA, CA 15-3 were analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Diagnostic performance of markers was studied using receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Results: Patients with malignant breast cancer had significantly higher levels of all tumour markers compared to benign breast tumours. A significant decrease in total PSA, CEA and a statistically insignificant decrease in free PSA concentrations were seen in malignant breast cancer patients after surgery. Performance of total PSA was best among all the markers with 100% sensitivity, NPV, 94.7% specificity and 94.4% PPV. Conclusions: Serum total PSA is a good diagnostic marker to differentiate benign breast disease from malignant tumours compared to currently used CEA and CA 15-3.
Health Risks and Challenges in Earthquake Responders in Nepal: A Qualitative Research

Abstract Introduction: While the impact of disasters is strongly felt by those directly affected, they also have significant impact on the mental and physical health of rescue/relief workers and volunteers during the response phase of disaster management. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 experts in the field of disaster management from Nepal, inquiring specifically about the impact of the 2015 mega-earthquake on the mental and physical health of rescue/relief workers and volunteers. A thematic approach was used to analyze the results. These were used to assess the applicability of a previously developed conceptual framework which illustrates the hazards and risk factors affecting disaster response workers and the related hazard mitigation approaches. Results: The findings suggested a relationship between the type of injuries to responders and the type of disaster, type of responder, and vulnerability of location. The conceptual framework derived from literature was verified for its applicability with a slight revision on analysis of experts’ opinion based on particular context and disaster setting. Technical skills of responders, social stigma, governance, and the socio-economic status of the affected nation were identified as critical influencing factors to heath injuries and could be minimized utilizing some specific or collective measures targeted at the aforementioned variables. Some geographic and weather-specific risks may be challenging to overcome. Conclusion: To prevent or minimize the hazards for disaster relief workers, it is vital to understand the variables that contribute to injuries. Risk minimization strategies should address these critical factors.
Application of cellular automata method to simulate the hot deformation behavior of a dual phase titanium alloy

A mathematical model based on the Eshelby theory and using the cellular automata method (CA) is developed to study microstructure evolution during forging of two-phase alloys. Specifically, the method is applied to the case of near alpha titanium alloy, IMI834, mainly used in the high-pressure parts of axial compressors of the most recent gas turbine engines. Viscoplastic laws are used to describe the flow behavior of this alloy for equixed microstructures. The results obtained by CA models can reasonably well describe the material behavior both in the high temperature beta phase and in the two phase alpha + beta region. Experimental data of hot compression in the pure beta field are exploited in order to quantify the thermomechanical behavior of this phase, then processing in the alpha + beta field are used to calculate α phase behavior. Comparisons between the numerical modelling results and the experimental ones indicates that the CA method has a good capability for predicting the influence of forging conditions on the local and global mechanical characteristics of IMI834 alloy.
Reduced expression of apolipoprotein E and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 proteins in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive and potentially a sight threatening disease, and a common indication for corneal grafting in the elderly. Aberrant thickening of Descemet's membrane, formation of microscopic excrescences (guttae) and gradual loss of corneal endothelial cells are the hallmarks of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify differentially abundant proteins between FECD‐affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane.
Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Body Composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Fed Marine Fish Viscera-based-diet in Earthen Ponds

A 90-days experiment was conducted to study the effect of replacement of fishmeal (FM) with marine fish viscera (MFV) meal on growth performance, body composition and production of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 11.3 ± 0.1 g). Diets were three isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 KJ/g) diets containing 0% (D0), 30% (D30) and 50% (D50) of MFV, as FM substitute. Diet D0, without MFV, acted as a control. All these diets were compared to the commercial diet coppens developed for C. gariepinus. No significantly differences were found in final weight (range: 220.94-234.1 g), weight gain (range: 1937.2-1971.7%), specific growth rate (range: 3.30-3.37%/day), protein efficiency ratio (range: 1.93-2.09) and annual production (range: 378.3-415.0 kg/are/year) of fish fed coppens diet, D0 and D30 (p>0.05). Fish fed D50 showed significantly lower growth and feed utilization performances (p˂0.05). Moisture and crude protein were similar among dietary treatments (p>0.05). Lipid deposition in fish significantly increased with MFV level in diets, whereas ash content decreased (p˂0.05). The study indicates that MFV meal can be used up to 30% in formulation fish feed for promotion of Clarias gariepinus rearing in rural areas.
A randomized multicenter phase II trial of mecapegfilgrastim single administration versus granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor on treating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in breast cancer patients.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mecapegfilgrastim (HHPG-19K) with different doses compared to granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor (G-CSF) in treating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in breast cancer patients. Methods A total of 182 breast cancer patients were enrolled in this multi-center, randomized, phase II trial and developed neutropenia after first cycle chemotherapy. Patients were then assigned as 1:1:1 ratio to receive 100 µg/kg HHPG-19K single injection (HHPG-19K-N group), 150 µg/kg HHPG-19Ksingle injection (HHPG-19K-H group) and 5 µg/kg G-CSF daily injection (G-CSF group) at day 3 of the second cycle (cycle 2) chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was incidence of grade ≥3 neutropenia during cycle 2. Study drug-related adverse events during cycle 2 were recorded for safety assessment. Results During cycle 2 chemotherapy, both HHPG-19K-N and HHPG-19K-H groups exhibited lower incidence of grade ≥3 neutropenia compared with G-CSF group, while no difference was observed between HHPG-19K-N and HHPG-19K-H groups. Also, better outcomes were observed in HHPG-19K-N and HHPG-19K-H groups compared with G-CSF group regarding to grade 4 neutropenia, duration of grade ≥3 neutropenia, duration of grade 4 neutropenia, incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and rescue application of G-CSF, time to ANC recovery, while no difference of these outcomes between HHPG-19K-N and HHPG-19K-H groups was observed. For safety analysis, the incidences of hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events were similar among the 3 groups. Conclusions HHPG-19K presents with better clinical efficacy as well as equal tolerance compared with G-CSF in treating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in breast cancer patients.
DISCOVERY OF A QUADRUPLE LENS IN CANDELS WITH A RECORD LENS REDSHIFT z = 1.53

Using spectroscopy from the Large Binocular Telescope and imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope we discovered the first strong galaxy lens at zlens > 1. The lens has a secure photometric redshift of z = 1.53 ± 0.09 and the source is spectroscopically confirmed at z = 3.417. The Einstein radius (0.″35; 3.0 kpc) encloses 7.6 × 1010 M☉, with an upper limit on the dark matter fraction of 60%. The highly magnified (40×) source galaxy has a very small stellar mass (∼108 M☉) and shows an extremely strong [O iii]5007 Å emission line (EW0 ∼ 1000 Å) bolstering the evidence that intense starbursts among very low-mass galaxies are common at high redshift.
The Legitimacy of Certification Standards in Climate Change Governance

ABSTRACT This article explores the role of two private steering mechanisms, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA), in REDD+, the climate change mitigation policy that aims to avoid deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. It does so by analyzing input and output legitimacy of the two certification standards at the global level, and at national and local levels in Peru. The findings show an increasing interest among REDD+ actors in using these standards, and a relatively large number of Peruvian REDD+ projects that are certified by the FSC or CCBA. The findings also suggest intrinsic linkages between input and output legitimacy of the FSC and CCBA within single governance levels and across different scales. The article also demonstrates the added value of studying the legitimacy of policy instruments, such as the FSC and CCBA, in a specific context such as REDD+. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, INNOVATIVENESS, AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM SERBIA

The importance of knowledge management and its contribution to organizational performance and innovativeness has been the subject of many studies and is increasingly gaining recognition worldwide. Our study analyses the impact of knowledge management on perceived organizational performance and innovativeness in the context of the Serbian economy. The results of the empirical research on leading Serbian firms demonstrates the direct and positive effect of knowledge management. The regression results show that knowledge management generally has a positive effect on organizational performance. Also, the results show that knowledge management is positively related to the different dimensions of organizational innovation (process innovation and administrative innovation). The mediating effects of process innovation and administrative innovation on the relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance are only partially supported.
Burnout among doctors and nurses at university of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, South-South Nigeria

Background: Burnout is an occupational hazard prevalent in people-oriented services and is characterized by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced sense of personal accomplishment (PA). Objective: The research was conducted to determine the occurrence of burnout and its associated factors among doctors and nurses at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, South-South Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used on a sample of 320 doctors and nurses at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital that were selected using a multistage sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire containing the Maslach Burnout Inventory Survey among others was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: Of 320 respondents, 76 (23.8%), 90 (28.1%), and 154 (48.1%) had high, moderate, and low EE, respectively. Furthermore, 47 (14.7%), 67 (20.9%), and 206 (64.4%) had high, moderate, and low DP, respectively while 96 (30%), 77 (24.1%), and 147 (45.9%) had low, moderate, and high PA, respectively. The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 4.7%. Significant factors associated with burnout included monthly earning (P = 0.020), professional grouping (P = 0.008) and days off work (P = 0.037). Specifically, doctors had higher levels of EE in comparison to the nurses (P = 0.005). Furthermore, those that were not satisfied with their jobs had high EE and high DP compared to those that had job satisfaction (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout syndrome was low and work-related characteristics played a significant role in the development of the phenomemon of burnout syndrome. Employers of health workers will need to create an enabling workplace environment where undue stress is minimal.
A COMPARISON OF MACROFAUNAL AND ALGAL COMMUNITIES IN OYSTER AQUACULTURE GEAR, AN EELGRASS BED, OYSTER REEF, AND A MUDFLAT IN GREAT BAY, NEW HAMPSHIRE

Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and eelgrass (Zostera marina) are important ecosystem engineers in Great Bay, NH, however despite restoration efforts they have been in decline. In addition to loss of the resource, this degradation results in loss of associated ecosystem services such as habitat provision. It is possible that the recent increase in oyster farming in Great Bay could help mitigate habitat loss. My research objective was to quantify the biotic communities present in three natural habitats (eelgrass beds, oyster reefs and mudflats) in Great Bay NH and compare those to communities living on the type of gear (“racks and bags”) used for oyster farming. A total of 57 samples, each 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m (=0.125 m3), were taken during June, August and October of 2014 and August 2015 from an eelgrass bed, oyster reef, mudflat, and farm gear. All algae, invertebrates, and fish contained within each sample were identified to the species level, counted and weighed. There was significantly greater total density (p<0.0001), total biomass (p<0.0001), and total taxonomic richness (p<0.0001), on the farm gear when compared to the natural habitats. This suggests that farm gear is a comparable habitat to adjacent natural habitats, and that oyster farms may be able to help mitigate habitat loss due to declining oyster reefs and eelgrass beds.
Financial Frictions and Inflation Differentials in a Monetary Union

This paper presents a stylized New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for a monetary union to analyze whether cyclical inflation differentials can be explained by cross-country differences concerning the characteristics of financial markets. Our results suggest that empirically plausible degrees of heterogeneity with respect to two important credit market characteristics, i.e. the access to credit and the fraction of households holding debt, are a relevant source of inflation dispersion across European Monetary Union (EMU) member countries.
Has Inflation Hurt the Poor? Regional Analysis in the Philippines

This paper measures the impact of price changes on poverty using the Philippines as an example. The impact of price changes is captured by the price elasticity of poverty for three widely used poverty measures, namely, headcount ratio, poverty gap ratio, and severity of poverty. An empirically operational price index called the price index for the poor is developed, which indicates whether the price changes hurt the poor relatively more than the nonpoor. Furthermore, the paper develops formulae for aggregating regional price indices into the national price indices. The results show that since 2003, price increases have led to greater suffering for the poor, particularly the ultra poor.
Mobile Money, Remittances and Rural Household Welfare: Panel Evidence from Uganda

Mobile money service in Uganda has expanded rapidly, penetrating as much as over 30 percent of the adult population in just four years since its inception. We investigate the impact of this financial innovation on household welfare, using household survey panel data from rural Uganda. Results from our preferred specification reveal that adopting mobile money services increases household per capita consumption by 72 percent. The mechanism of this impact is the facilitation of remittances; user households are more likely to receive remittances, receive remittances more frequently and the total value received is significantly higher than that of non-user households. Our results are robust to a number of robustness checks. JEL (O16, O17, O33, I131)