Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE IDENTITY OF KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM AND DESCRIPTION OF KARLODINIUM ARMIGER SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE), BASED ON LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, NUCLEAR‐ENCODED LSU RDNA, AND PIGMENT COMPOSITION 1

An undescribed species of the dinoflagellate genus Karlodinium J. Larsen (viz. K. armiger sp. nov.) is described from Alfacs Bay (Spain), using light and electron microscopy, pigment composition, and partial large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequence. The new species differs from the type species of Karlodinium (K. micrum (Leadbeater et Dodge) J. Larsen) by lacking rows of amphiesmal plugs, a feature presently considered to be a characteristic of Karlodinium. In K. armiger, an outer membrane is underlain by a complex system of cisternae and vacuoles. The pigment profile of K. armiger revealed the presence of chlorophylls a and c, with fucoxanthin as the major carotenoid. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed K. armiger to be related to other species of Karlodinium; thus forming a monophyletic genus, which, in the LSU tree, occupies a sister group position to Takayama de Salas, Bolch, Botes et Hallegraeff. The culture used by Ballantine to describe Gymnodinium veneficum Ballantine (Plymouth 103) was examined by light and electron microscopy and by partial LSU rDNA. Ultrastructurally, it proved identical to K. micrum (cultures Plymouth 207 and K. Tangen KT‐77D, the latter also known as K‐0522), and in LSU sequence, differed in only 0.3% of 1438 bp. We consider the two taxa to belong to the same species. This necessitates a change of name for the most widely found species, K. micrum, to K. veneficum. The three genera Karlodinium, Takayama, and Karenia constitute a separate evolutionary lineage, for which the new family Kareniaceae fam. nov. is suggested.
Bihelical Spectrum of Solar Magnetic Helicity and Its Evolution

Using a recently developed two-scale formalism to determine the magnetic helicity spectrum, we analyze synoptic vector magnetograms built with data from the Vector Spectromagnetograph instrument on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun telescope during 2010 January–2016 July. In contrast to an earlier study using only three Carrington rotations (CRs), our analysis includes 74 synoptic CR maps. We recover here bihelical spectra at different phases of solar cycle 24, where the net magnetic helicity in the majority of the data is consistent with a large-scale dynamo with helical turbulence operating in the Sun. More than 20% of the analyzed maps, however, show violations of the expected sign rule.
Decomposing Short-Term Return Reversal

The profit to a standard short-term return reversal strategy can be decomposed analytically into four components: 1) across-industry return momentum, 2) within-industry variation in expected returns, 3) under-reaction to within-industry cash flow news, and 4) a residual. Only the residual component, which isolates reaction to recent “nonfundamental” price changes, is significant and positive in the data. A simple short-term return reversal trading strategy designed to capture the residual component generates a highly significant risk-adjusted return three times the size of the standard reversal strategy during our 1982-2009 sampling period. Our decomposition suggests that short-term return reversal is pervasive, much greater than previously documented, and driven by investor sentiment on the short side and liquidity shocks on the long side.
CHEMICAL IMAGING OF THE CO SNOW LINE IN THE HD 163296 DISK

The condensation fronts (snow lines) of H2O, CO, and other abundant volatiles in the midplane of a protoplanetary disk affect several aspects of planet formation. Locating the CO snow line, where the CO gas column density is expected to drop substantially, based solely on CO emission profiles, is challenging. This has prompted an exploration of chemical signatures of CO freeze-out. We present ALMA Cycle 1 observations of the N2H+ J = 3−2 and DCO+ J = 4−3 emission lines toward the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 at ∼0. ″5 (60 AU) resolution, and evaluate their utility as tracers of the CO snow line location. The N2H+ emission is distributed in a ring with an inner radius at 90 AU, corresponding to a midplane temperature of 25 K. This result is consistent with a new analysis of optically thin C18O data, which implies a sharp drop in CO abundance at 90 AU. Thus N2H+ appears to be a robust tracer of the midplane CO snow line. The DCO+ emission also has a ring morphology, but neither the inner nor the outer radius coincide with the CO snow line location of 90 AU, indicative of a complex relationship between DCO+ emission and CO freeze-out in the disk midplane. Compared to TW Hya, CO freezes out at a higher temperature in the disk around HD 163296 (25 versus 17 K in the TW Hya disk), perhaps due to different ice compositions. This highlights the importance of actually measuring the CO snow line location, rather than assuming a constant CO freeze-out temperature for all disks.
Precolonial centralisation, foreign aid and modern state capacity in Africa

In this paper, we empirically explore the determinants of bureaucratic capacity in contemporary Africa. We connect the aid-governance literature with the historical, political economy and anthropological literature on African state formation. Our Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) results show that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between precolonial centralisation and bureaucratic quality in Africa from the mid-1990s onwards. Before the mid-1990s there is no such relationship. We also find that the often negative and statistically significant effect of aid dependence on bureaucratic capacity disappears, once we control for precolonial centralisation. The OLS results survive a set of robustness tests, including the addition of several control variables and instrumental variable estimation using a variety of instruments suggested in previous research. As the colonial period is slowly fading, the influence of precolonial political institutions on modern state capacity is reasserting itself. Our results provide further evidence for the importance of precolonial centralisation in our understanding of present day economic and political developments on the continent.
CNN-RNN based method for license plate recognition

Achieving good recognition results for License plates is challenging due to multiple adverse factors. For instance, in Malaysia, where private vehicle (e.g., cars) have numbers with dark background, while public vehicle (taxis/cabs) have numbers with white background. To reduce the complexity of the problem, we propose to classify the above two types of images such that one can choose an appropriate method to achieve better results. Therefore, in this work, we explore the combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks namely, BLSTM (Bi-Directional Long Short Term Memory), for recognition. The CNN has been used for feature extraction as it has high discriminative ability, at the same time, BLSTM has the ability to extract context information based on the past information. For classification, we propose Dense Cluster based Voting (DCV), which separates foreground and background for successful classification of private and public. Experimental results on live data given by MIMOS, which is funded by Malaysian Government and the standard dataset UCSD show that the proposed classification outperforms the existing methods. In addition, the recognition results show that the recognition performance improves significantly after classification compared to before classification.
Enriching Requirements Specifications with Videos - The Use of Videos to Support Requirements Communication

The most important requirements engineering (RE) goals are to create shared understanding and specification quality [1]. A prerequisite for shared understanding is successful requirements communication. This requires appropriate documentation options with high specification quality to convey customers’ needs to developers [2]. Since developers and customers hardly ever meet, the ability to answer questions in real-time is often missing [2]. Therefore, textual specifications are the worst documentation option to communicate knowledge due to their low richness and effectiveness [3]. A recent study by Shakeri Hossein Abad et al. [4] identified the need for supporting knowledge visualization in RE, especially for requirement communication. The authors [4] propose to invest more effort in addressing visualizations such as storytelling for example with videos. Already in the 80’s, several researchers [5, 6, 7] proposed the use of videos to support knowledge transfer in RE due to the communication richness and effectiveness of video. However, videos are still not an established part of RE. Hence, researchers continue to propose new and refined approaches of applying videos to support knowledge transfer [2, 8, 9]. Based on our previous work [9], each of 12 comparable student software projects produced a short and low-effort video of the product vision in the early phase of the requirements analysis. The intent of these videos was to support the communication between the requirements engineers and the customer to clarify uncertainties regarding the overall product goals early. We investigated whether these videos also provide a benefit to support requirements communication by using them as supplementary material for the respective specification. Our study shows that enriching a specification with the respective video of a product vision results in a faster and better understanding by developers who are unfamiliar with the project.
Psychological Ownership : It ’ s Relationship with Interpersonal Trust and Work Outcomes

Organisations are no longer just about achieving profit and growth. Rapid technological changes and increased global competition have changed working life and work organisations. Organisations have realized that employees are satisfied with pay checks rather they consider on the emotional connect. Employees’ attitude and behaviour at the workplace contributes to organisational survival and long-term productivity. The traditional managerial practices are now under captivity. Contemporary style of management strategies are sought after. The concept of psychological ownership is based on three motives efficacy and effectance, self–identity and having a place to dwell. Efficient management of employees has a direct impact on their effectiveness contributing towards the organisation. This article is an attempt to build on the emerging theory of psychological ownership, which has been developed over the last two decades and suggest the scope for research on the influence work environment, psychological ownership and individual work outcomes.
Nonlinear Vibration of Gears With Tooth Surface Modifications

This work provides an analytical solution for the nonlinear vibration of gear pairs that exhibit partial and total contact loss. Partial contact loss is where parts of contact lines lose contact although other parts remain in contact. The gear tooth surface modifications admit an arbitrary combination of profile and lead modifications. Modifications are a source of partial contact loss. The analysis also applies for total contact loss. Unlike models in the literature that are excited by static transmission error or time-varying mesh stiffness, the excitation and the nonlinearity are not a priori specified. Instead, the force-deflection function of the gear pair is provided by an independent source, such as a finite element model or Hertz contact formula. The manipulation of the single-degree-offreedom oscillator equation of motion yields the excitation and the nonlinearity that arise from Fourier and Taylor series expansions of the force-deflection function. These expansions capture the essential contact behavior that includes tooth profile and lead modifications as well as the bending and shear flexibility of the gear teeth and gear blanks. The method of multiple scales gives the steady-state dynamic response in terms of a frequency-amplitude relation. Comparisons with gear vibration experiments and simulations from the literature that include spur and helical gears with tooth profile and lead modifications verify the method. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4023913]
Effect of Sulphaphenazole on Pathogenic Microorganism Klebsiella aerogenes

The inhibitory action of Sulphaphenazole on pure culture of Klebsiella aerogenes was studied with emphasis on the mode of action of the drug. Sensitivity was studied by broth dilution method and by Hi-Comb Method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Sulphaphenazole determined by broth dilution method and Hi-Comb Method against Klebsiella aerogenes was 30 ? g/ml. Sulphaphenazole induced changes in bacteria which interfered with cell wall synthesis revealing morphological alterations that was shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The present studies were undertaken to investigate the presence and characteristic alterations in surface morphology of cells resulting from the action of Sulphaphenazole known to interfere with intracellular protein synthesis. The morphological abnormalities observed may be surface reflections of specific abnormalities of intracellular protein synthesis or may represent a final common pathway of drug-induced injury at many sites within or on bacterial cells. As the activity of dehydrogenases was inhibited by Sulphaphenazole, cells were incapable of oxidizing substrate. It resulted in limited supply of energy rich compounds such as ATP that affected the synthesis of macromolecules. Ultimately multiplication and growth of the organism got ceased.
Surgical treatment of subungual glomus tumors: Experience with lateral subperiosteal and transungual approaches -

Background: Nail bed deformity and tumor recurrence are the major complications of subungual glomus tumor surgery. Therefore, alternative methods to approach glomus tumors in the hand have been proposed in order to avoid further nail bed injury after surgical treatment. Methods: In this study, we report a series of 32 patients with glomus tumors in the subungual region of the hand, treated surgically with two different types of incisions. The clinical efficacy and safety of the surgical treatment of glomus tumors performed by the lateral subperiosteal or the transungual approaches were analyzed. Results: In transungual approach since the nail plate is extracted and the nail bed is incised, there is a high risk of postoperative nail deformity and late recovery. However, in lateral subperiosteal approach since only the skin lateral to the nail is incised without extracting nail plate and incising nail bed, the nail bed injury does not occur. Conclusion: As a result, early recovery occurs and postoperative nail deformity is unaccepted. The main advantages of lateral subperiosteal approach are reducing postoperative nail deformity and early recovery. However, not every glomus tumor is suitable for lateral subperiosteal approach. In peripherally located tumors, the lateral subperiosteal approach provides quick recovery of the cosmetic appearance and less deformation of the nail.
DOES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REALLY MATTER FOR FIRMS PERFORMANCE? EVIDENCE FROM ITALIAN IPOS MARKET

During recent years, corporate governance has received an increasing attention in the academic debate due to several scandals in financial world and consequent changes in the regulatory framework. Through this paper, we aim to take part in the stimulating debate about the relation between corporate governance and performance. Previous literature on this topic provided a solid theoretical framework for our research. This paper contributes to this investigation with an analysis of the Italian market, by the examination of the relation between the market performance of Italian IPOs and their governance structure. In particular, we find evidence of a positive relation between governance, which we measured by a new and original governance index made by 40 provisions, and IPOs performance occurred in the Italian market during period 1998-2008.
Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites: Effects of Manufacturing Process and Chemical Grafting

Chemical modifications have been widely adopted for improving the dispersibility of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in nonpolar matrixes. Nonetheless, an engineering design for improving the CNC structure is still challenging due to the differences in the dispersion level of CNCs depending on the modification strategies in a desired matrix. The current study was conducted to find an appropriate functionalization technique for CNCs and an effective manufacturing process for CNC-polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites. The surface structures of CNCs were successfully changed using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP). The tensile properties and thermal stability of the nanocomposites with MAPP grafted CNCs were higher than those of pristine and TDI grafted CNC systems. A melt-extrusion process with pre-dispersion processing exhibited more positive effects on the properties of the nanocomposites in comparison to the systems without pre-dispersion. Scanning and transmission electron microscopes also provided clear evidence of the dispersion levels of unmodified and modified CNCs in the PP matrix.
Estimates of oceanic horizontal heat transport in the tropical Pacific

Meridional heat transport in the tropical Pacific is estimated using a linear numerical model with realistic boundaries and forced by 18 years of observed wind, covering the period from January 1962 to December 1979. The long-term mean heat transport estimated in this study is similar to the estimates based on heat balance and radiation considerations and on complex numerical models that account for thermodynamics as well. This points to the dominant role played by the adiabatic process, the only heat transport mechanism present in this study, in the heat balance for the equatorial Pacific. The combined Ekman and geostrophic heat transport can account for the net meridional heat transport, except near the equator, where continuity requirements dictate. The Ekman and geostrophic transport oppose each other, and their small difference in magnitude gives rise to the net meridional heat transport, resulting in transport away from the equator for the southern hemisphere and north of 6°N, while for the band between 6°N and the equator an equatorward transport is present. Seasonal and interannual variations are found to be as large as, or even larger than, the long-term mean. Seasonal variations in meridional heat transport are in accordance with seasonal variations in zonal winds via Ekman transport, while the geostrophic transport remains more or less constant on this time scale. The results are a net poleward heat transport in the winter hemisphere and a equatorward transport in the summer hemisphere. At the interannual time scale, variabilities in both Ekman and geostrophic components contribute to the interannual variability in heat transport. Major features of the interannual variations in meridional heat transport appear to be associated with the El Nino events. It is interesting to note that the interannual variations associated with El Nino events are not restricted to the near-equatorial region. Phase locking between the interannual variations and the annual cycle is evident in the data set. Major findings in this study, based on an adiabatic model, are expected to carry over to more realistic nonlinear numerical models.
Fair Matching under Constraints: Theory and Applications

This paper studies a general model of matching with constraints. Observing that a stable matching typically does not exist, we focus on feasible, individually rational, and fair matchings. We characterize such matchings by fixed points of a certain function. Building on this result, we characterize the class of constraints on individual schools under which there exists a student-optimal fair matching (SOFM), the matching that is the most preferred by every student among those satisfying the three desirable properties. We study the numerical relevance of our theory using data on government-organized daycare allocation.
Young children's ability to adapt their drawings of the human figure.

5-year-olds, 7-year-olds and 9-year-olds were asked to draw three figures, one standing still and facing them, one standing still in profile and one running in profile. Half drew from imagination and half drew from models. The 5-year-olds made fewest distinctions in the way they drew the figures, the most notable being the greater spread of the legs of the running figure. With increasing age, more features were used to differentiate the three figures. There was little evidence of 5-year-olds adapting their figures in the presence of a model. Only among the older children was there a significant effect of the presence of a model when the 7-year-olds and, to a greater extent, the 9-year-olds drew their running figure with bent arms and legs and also with more transparencies and partial occlusions.
THE ASSESSMENTOF SERUM CONCENTRATION OF ADIPONECTIN , LEPTIN AND SERUM CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN-19 . 9 IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC CANCER AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world (1). Independent risk factors of PC include: obesity, tabacco smoking, chronic pancreatitis, hereditary pancreatitis, high-fat diet and diabetes (2-4). Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory condition of the pancreas, which eventually leads to pancreatic fibrosis with endocrine and exocrine insuf ficiency. The main etiological factor of CPis chronic alcohol abuse (5-8). In patients with CP the risk of pancreatic cancer is increased 20-fold (3). The cumulative risk of PC in patients with 10-year and 20-year duration of CPis 1.8% and 4.0% (8). At the same time mass lesions in the pancreas occur in 20 – 30% of patients with CP (9). Obesity, in particular visceral type, is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus type II (10, 1 1). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IRAC) in years 2002 to 2003, also confirmed the relationship between obesity and increased cancer risk (12-13). Obesity also af fects the development of PC; however the mechanisms by which obesity af fects the process of carcinogenesis in the pancreas are unknown (13-17). Adipose tissue, in recent years, ceased to be considered only as a reservoir of energy. Nowadays it is perceived as an active endocrine or gan involved in the metabolism of the body . Adipose tissue secretes a large number of proteins, called adipokines, that act autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions to control various metabolic mechanisms of the body (18). Leptin was discovered in 1994 as the first adipokine (19, 20). Leptin is a 167 amino acid protein, the product of the obese (ob) gene. Leptin is mainly secreted by adipocytes (20). The serum leptin level is related to the amount of body fat. Serum leptin is highly elevated in obese individuals while its level is significantly reduced with a decrease in body fat (21). Leptin acts as a satiety hormone; stimulates the satiety center in the hypothalamus which inhibits food intake and stimulates ener gy expenditure, af fecting appetite suppression and normalization of body weight (22). Leptin is an adipokin of a pro-inflammatory ef f ct (11, 20). In vitro leptin acts as a mitogen for many cell types, including endothelial cells (23), smooth muscle cells (24) and colonocytes (25). Leptin JOURNALOF PHYSIOLOGYAND PHARMACOLOGY 2015, 66, 5, 653-663