Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INCLUDING ESSENTIAL OILS OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE) AND GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) TO DIET AND EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS, WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT AND EGG QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

The effects of adding essential oils (EO) of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) to a basal diet on laying hens' performance, egg quality traits, blood biochemical parameters and differential count of white blood cells were evaluated in this study. A total number of 90 Lohmann LSL-Lite hens after production peak were randomly divided in 15 cages (n=6). Three iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous (ME = 2720 Kcal/ Kg and CP = 145.0 g/Kg) experimental diets including basal diet with no additive as control or with 300 milligrams essential oils of fennel or ginger per kg diet were fed to hens with 5 replicates during 6-week trial period. To determine blood biochemical parameters and differential count of white blood cells, one hen per replicate was bled via wing vein on day 40 of trial. Collected data of feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), egg mass (EM), calculated feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg traits as well as blood biochemical parameters and differential count of white blood cells were analyzed based on completely randomized design using GLM procedure of SAS. Productive performance of laying hens including FI, EP, EM and FCR were not affected by dietary essential oil inclusion (P>0.05). Adding essential oils to diets did not affect on egg index and yolk index (P>0.05); While, Caloric unit and egg shell traits were affected by treatment (P#0.05). Haugh unit was decreased in fennel-included compared to ginger-included and control dietary group (P=0.003). Dietary fortification with herbal essential oils improved egg shell weight and thickness compared to control (P#0.05). Neither blood biochemical parameters nor differential count of white blood cells was affected by dietary inclusion of EO, except for monocyte count which was higher in fennel-included compared to gingerincluded and control dietary group. From the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that diet inclusion of laying hens with essential oils of fennel or ginger can be beneficial in improving egg quality characteristics in terms of egg shell weight and thickness.
Evaluation of Nutrient Contents of Amaranth Leaves Prepared Using Different Cooking Methods

Amaranth is a commonly consumed vegetable in households in Southwestern Nigeria. Raw amaranth is known to be rich in micronutrients particularly Iron and Vitamin C, which are lost during cooking due to the method of preparation. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the method of preparation that best retains nutrients. Three common methods of preparing amaranth were identified; method 1 in which no heat was applied but amaranth leaves were finely chopped (samples A), method 2 which was steaming before chopping the leaves (sample B) and method 3 involved chopping of leaves before blanching (sample C). These three samples were subjected to proximate analysis and micronutrient determinations. Results were mean of three determinations. Result of proximate analysis showed that sample B method of preparation has highest percentage of crude fat per gram of sample (2.31 ± 0.45), protein (4.35 ± 0.15) and fibre (1.09 ± 0.06). Sample A has highest percentage of moisture (90.35 ± 0.27) and ash content (1.36 ± 0.28) while sample C has highest percentage per gram of sample in carbohydrate (4.89 ± 1.21) only. Micronutrient determination results showed that sample A was highest in Vitamin C (1.57 mg ± 0.06) and Iron (535.84 ppm ± 123.42), followed by sample C (1.21 ± 0.07) and (501.88 ± 215.19) respectively while sample B had the least vitamin C (0.79 ± 0.06) and Iron (354.18 ± 121.84). The study showed that samples A best retained the nutrient contents of Amaranth leaves after preparation.
Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) in Computer Games: A Review

Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) is a method of automatically modifying a game’s features, behaviors, and scenarios in real-time, depending on the player’s skill, so that the player, when the game is very simple, does not feel bored or frustrated, when it is very difficult. The intent of the DDA is to keep the player engrossed till the end and to provide him/her with a challenging experience. In traditional games, difficulty levels increase linearly or stepwise during the course of the game. The features such as frequency, starting levels, or rates can be set only at the beginning of the game by choosing a level of difficulty. This can, however, result in a negative experience for players as they try to map a predecided learning curve. DDA attempts to solve this problem by presenting a customized solution for the gamers. This paper provides a review of the current approaches to DDA.
Climate Response to Anomalously Large and Small Atlantic Warm Pools during the Summer

Abstract This paper uses the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model to show the influence of Atlantic warm pool (AWP) variability on the summer climate and Atlantic hurricane activity. The model runs show that the climate response to the AWP’s heating extends beyond the AWP region to other regions such as the eastern North Pacific. Both the sea level pressure and precipitation display a significant response of low (high) pressure and increased (decreased) rainfall to an anomalously large (small) AWP, in areas with two centers located in the western tropical North Atlantic and in the eastern North Pacific. The rainfall response suggests that an anomalously large (small) AWP suppresses (enhances) the midsummer drought, a phenomenon with a diminution in rainfall during July and August in the region around Central America. In response to the pressure changes, the easterly Caribbean low-level jet is weakened (strengthened), as is its westward moisture transport. An anomalously large (small) AWP weakens (strengthens).
Nonuniform site-charge distribution and fluctuations of charge order in the metallic state of α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3

We present the site-charge distribution in the charge-ordered and metallic states of (cid:1) - (cid:1) BEDT-TTF (cid:2) 2 I 3 , based on the assignment of the C v C stretching modes (cid:2) 2 , (cid:2) 3 , and (cid:2) 27 of (cid:1) - (cid:1) BEDT-TTF (cid:2) 2 I 3 with the aid of 13 C-and deuterium-substituted compounds. The nonuniform site charges in both the metallic and insulating phases were consistent with those determined by a recent x-ray diffraction study. Comparing the line shapes of the charge-sensitive vibrational modes of (cid:1) - (cid:1) BEDT-TTF (cid:2) 2 I 3 with those of isostructural (cid:1) - (cid:1) BEDT-TTF (cid:2) 2 NH 4 Hg (cid:1) SCN (cid:2) 4 , we propose a thermally activated ﬂuctuation of charge order in the metallic phase of (cid:1) - (cid:1) BEDT-TTF (cid:2) 2 I 3 . This ﬂuctuation was considerably suppressed above 0.65 GPa. The optical conductivity in the metallic phase shows no Drude response.
Photosynthetic efficiency and rapid light curves of sediment-biofilms along a water quality gradient in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

The use of pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry in situ and in vivo as an indi- cator for nutrient and light status of microphytobenthos communities was investigated on the Great Barrier Reef. The 10 reefs investigated were located along a previously described water quality gra- dient, confirmed by sediment chemistry parameters (Corg, N) and incident light measurements. Esti- mates of the efficiency of Photosystem II (PSII) were biased when not corrected for background fluo- rescence that increased with increasing inorganic C content of the sediments. Uncorrected values mimicked a decline in quantum efficiency towards areas with presumed lower nutrient levels. Upon correction, maximum and effective quantum efficiency (ca. 0.59) did not vary significantly along the gradient. The maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm,corr) measured after dark-adaptation did not differ statistically from effective quantum efficiency in the field (φPSII,corr). F0 values measured in the labora- tory were much lower than in situ F readings, indicating a higher concentration of biomass on the sur- face of the sediment in the field. Rapid light curve parameters (initial slope α, relative electron trans- port rate at light saturation rETRmax, irradiance at onset of light saturation Ek) were lower during in vitro readings than in situ. rETRmax and α values exhibited no statistical differences along the gradi- ent. In contrast, Ek increased towards midshelf reefs and correlated with incident PAR, indicating that microphytobenthos communities were highly adapted to incident light conditions. Because coral reef microphytobenthos was previously shown to be nitrogen limited, it was unexpected that efficiency measurements would not vary. It is hypothesised that, due to potential for differential vertical migra- tion, the actual species involved in photosynthesis at a given time are nutrient sufficient. Higher nutrient supply may change the community composition on the surface to dominance by species with higher productivity.
The Spite Dilemma Experiment in Korea 1

This paper investigates a choice behavior of Korean subjects for the provision of public goods using the voluntary contribution mechanism in Saijo and Nakamura (1995). Together with the data from Saijo and Nakamura (1995) and Saijo et al. (2007), we conclude that whereas Japanese subjects are more likely to behave spitefully, Korean and Chinese subjects are more likely to act cooperatively. We also analyze the behavior of Korean subjects after being categorized by department. Subjects from the economics department follow a pattern of a contribution not much different from the theoretical expectation, and subjects from the college of social sciences show a similar pattern. The subjects who act spitefully are from the department of agricultural economics.
Intranight optical variability of \gamma-ray loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the {\it Fermi} Gamma Ray Space Telescope has detected \gamma-ray emission from some Narrow Line Seyfert 1(NLSy1) galaxies. This indicates the presence of relativistic jets in these sources similar to blazars and radio galaxies. In an attempt to have an idea of the intranight optical variability (INOV) characteristics of these \gamma-ray loud NLSy1 galaxies, we have carried out optical flux monitoring observations of three NLSy1 galaxies detected by {\it Fermi}/LAT: 1H 0323+342, PMN J0948+0022 and PKS 1502+036. These optical monitoring observations showed the presence of rapid optical flux variations in these sources. The intranight differential light curves of these sources have revealed flux variations on time scales of hours with amplitudes of variability > 3 percent for most of the time. On using the {\it F}-statistics to classify the variability nature of these sources, we obtained a duty cycle (DC) of INOV of ~85 percent. Alternatively, the more commonly used {\it C}-statistics gave a DC of INOV of ~57 percent. Such high DC of INOV are characteristics of the BL Lac class of AGN. The results of our monitoring observations thus indicate that there is similarity in the INOV nature of \gamma-ray loud NLSy1 galaxies and BL Lac objects, arguing strongly for the presence of relativistic jets aligned closely to the observers line of sight. Moreover, our dense monitoring observations on some of the nights have led to the clear detection of some mini-flares superimposed on the flux variations during the night over timescales as short as 12 minutes. The detection of short timescale flux variability in the sources studied here is clearly due to stronger time compression leading to the jets in these sources having large Doppler factors, similar to that of the inner jets of TeV blazars.
Effects of Comprehensive Nursing Service on the Nursing Performance, Job Satisfaction and Customer Orientation among Nurses

This study examined the effects of the Ministry-of-Health-and-Welfare-initiated comprehensive nursing service on the nursing performance, job satisfaction, and customer orientation among nurses. The participants were nurses working in a running hospital without a patient-sitter in S city (Experimental group=57, Control group=55). The data was collected at 1 and 6 months following a pilot program and analyzed by SPSS using a Chi-squire test, t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and ANCOVA. The experimental group showed significantly better nursing performance, job satisfaction, and customer orientation than the control group. This finding can be used to establish the criteria for systematizing comprehensive nursing service.
Nonlinear photocurrents in two-dimensional systems based on graphene and boron nitride

The dc photoelectrical currents can be generated purely as a nonlinear effect in uniform media lacking inversion symmetry without the need for a material junction or bias voltages to drive it, in what is termed photogalvanic effect. These currents are strongly dependent on the polarization state of the radiation, as well as on topological properties of the underlying Fermi surface such as its Berry curvature. In order to study the intrinsic photogalvanic response of gapped graphene, biased bilayer graphene (BBG), and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we compute the nonlinear current using a perturbative expansion of the density matrix. This allows a microscopic description of the quadratic response to an electromagnetic field in these materials, which we analyze as a function of temperature and electron density. We find that the intrinsic response is robust across these systems and allows for currents in the range of pA cm/W to nA cm/W. At the independent-particle level, the response of hBN-based structures is significant only in the ultraviolet due to their sizable band gap. However, when Coulomb interactions are accounted for by explicit solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we find that the photoconductivity is strongly modified by transitions involving exciton levels in the gap region, whose spectral weight dominates in the overall frequency range. Biased bilayers and gapped monolayers of graphene have a strong photoconductivity in the visible and infrared window, allowing for photocurrent densities of several nA cm/W. We further show that the richer electronic dispersion of BBG at low energies and the ability to change its band gap on demand allows a higher tunability of the photocurrent, including not only its magnitude but also, and significantly, its polarity.
Air-sea interactions during glacial Heinrich events

’Heinrich events’ massive iceberg discharges from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last ice age coincided with cold periods that were followed by abrupt warmings in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate reconstructions suggest that the associated freshwater pulses caused a temporary collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) by stabilizing the stratification in the regions of deep water formation. In the present work a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model is employed under glacial boundary conditions to assess climate feedbacks after a simulated Heinrich event that lead to a fast recovery of the AMOC. Two main mechanisms have been identified. Initially, mixing and thermal processes weaken the stratification in the northern North Atlantic. Additionally, 300-400 years after the main collapse of the AMOC, the stratification is further destabilized by mean horizontal advection of anomalous saline waters within the subpolar gyre. In consequence the large-scale meridional overturning is reinitiated. The positive salinity anomaly originates from the tropical Atlantic and relies on air-sea coupling. Reduced poleward heat transport in the North Atlantic leads to a cooling north of the thermal equator. Due to advection of cold air and intensification of the northeasterly trade winds the Intertropical Convergence Zone is shifted southward and north equatorial precipitation is reduced. A dilution of the arising positive salinity anomaly is prevented because cross-equatorial oceanic surface flow is halted during the shut-down of the AMOC. Experiments with suppressed tropical air-sea coupling reveal that the recovery time of the AMOC is almost twice as long as in the coupled case. The impact of a shut-down of the AMOC on the Indian and Pacific Oceans can be decomposed into atmospheric and oceanic contributions. Temperature anomalies in the northern hemisphere are largely controlled by atmospheric teleconnections, whereas southern hemispheric ones mainly rely on ocean dynamical changes. Vertical diffusion is considered a key factor controlling the stability of the AMOC. This however may not be so after a shut-down. Whereas model simulations without air-sea coupling in the tropical Atlantic still show a strong sensitivity to vertical diffusion, this behaviour cannot be found in fully coupled simulations. Thus, after a Heinrich event the formation of a tropical salinity anomaly due to air-sea fluxes appears to be a more efficient negative feedback for the resumption of the AMOC than density homogenisation due to vertical diffusion.
Using acoustic emissions to enhance fracture toughness calculations for CCNBD marble specimens

Rock fracture mechanics has been widely applied to blasting, hydraulic fracturing, mechanical fragmentation, rock slope analysis, geophysics, earthquake mechanics and many other science and technology fields. Development of failure in brittle materials is associated with microcracks, which release energy in the form of elastic waves called acoustic emissions. In the present study, acoustic emission (AE) measurements were carried out during cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) tests on Nestos marble specimens. The fracture toughness of different modes of loading (mode-I and –II) is calculated and the results are discussed in conjunction with the AE parameters.
Contingent Valuation Focus Groups: Insights from Ethnographic Interview Techniques

Despite the many important uses (and potential abuses) of focus groups in survey design, the CV literature presents few guidelines to aid moderators in their interaction with focus group participants. This paper draws on the theory and practice of ethnographic interviewing to introduce general guidelines that can improve focus groups as an aid to CV research. The proposed guidelines illustrate types of questions that should reduce speculation and moderator-introduced bias in focus group responses, and improve the correspondence between focus group responses and actual behavior. The paper illustrates these ethnographic guidelines through a CV application concerning watershed resources.
PAIR for Hepatic Hydatid Cyst: A study in tertiary care hospital in Nepal

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of PAIR in patients with hepatic hydatid cysts. Methods: A total of 17 hepatic hydatid cysts were treated by PAIR in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal from June 2007May 2009. In all cases, local anesthesia was applied. All the patients were kept in supine except 1 where the patient was kept in left lateral position due to location of the cyst. A spinal needle of 18G was used to puncture the cyst. A connecting tube was attached at the hub of the needle to facilitate the aspiration & to prevent the accidental dislodgement of the needle. 95% alcohol was used as scolecidal agent in 12 cysts & 20% hypertonic saline in 5 cysts. The process was repeated in when the aspirated fluid was > 100 ml. Results: A total of 17 hydatid cysts of liver were treated with PAIR under ultrasound guidance. The age of the patient ranged from 10-76 years. All patients had signs & symptoms of a hepatic mass caused by the cysts. All the cysts had prominent fluid component which was anechoic or hypoechoic with marked enhancement of back wall echoes on USG. A few patients had CT sans owing to the location of the cysts. Majority of the cysts were in right lobe (12) & rest were in the left lobe (5, one patient had two cysts). The maximum amount of fluid aspirated was 1000 ml. The volume of alcohol / hypertonic saline was 1/3rd of the aspirated fluid. No major complication was found in any of the patients. Following aspiration all the patients were relieved of their symptoms. Follow up ultrasonogram showed decrease in diameter of the cyst. Conclusion: Among the treatment modalities of hydatid disease though surgery is the first choice treatment, it is associated with considerable morbidity. Chemotherapy with benzimidazoles carbamates is palliative as it is poorly absorbed by the intestine & is unable to diffuse across the cyst wall. PAIR has the benefits of minimal invasiveness, less morbidity & hospital stay as compared to surgery along with confirmation of diagnosis (parasitological examination of the fluid) and cost-effectiveness among others.
Determinants of Teachers' Attitude toward Microlecture: Evidence from Elementary and Secondary Schools

We study the factors that determine teachers' behavioral intention to adopt microlecture. We collect 500 survey responses across elementary and secondary schools in China and propose a model based on three previous works: Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM 3), Innovation Diffusion Theory and Model of Personal Computer Utilization (MPCU). Our results show that perceived usefulness is a significant determinant for teachers' attitude toward microlecture. Perceived ease of use and output quality significantly influence perceived usefulness, with the latter being more significant. Additionally, external control and computer self-efficacy are found to be factors that influence perceived usefulness. External control is a more significant contributor to perceived usefulness. Overall, our model accounts for 57.1% of variability in teachers' intention to use microlecture. Out of 11 formulated hypotheses, 6 are supported by the data. The results provide valuable implications for ways to increase teachers' acceptance of microlecture.
Comparison of the effect of liquid humic fertilizers on yield of maize genotypes in Ardabil region

In order to investigate the response of maize genotypes against the application of two types of liquid humic fertilizers (derived from peat and leonardite), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The main factor was included three conditions (application of peat based and leonardite based humic fertilizer, without the application of humic fertilizer) whereas the sub-factor included six maize genotypes. Results indicate that there was a significant difference between experimental conditions in terms of grain yield at 1% and biological yield at 5% probability levels. Results from mean comparison indicate that ZP677 had the highest (20.89 ton/ha) biological yield, whereas OS 499 had the lowest (16.93 ton/ha). Application of leonardite based liquid humic fertilizer proved to be more productive than the two other conditions. This humic fertilizer produced the highest values for biological yield (21.99 ton/ha) and grain yield (7.09 ton/ha). Key words : Maize, humic, fertilizer, yield.