Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MODIFIED STARCHES ON SOME PHYSICAL AND TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF MEAT EMULSION

The effect of modified starch addition on the functional properties of meat emulsions was studied by using a model system. In this research, the effects of modified potato starches (native, acid, dextrinized and pregelatinized) and starch level (1%, 2 and 4 w/w) on the emulsion capacity, stability, pH and texture properties were investigated in oil/water model emulsion systems. The highest emulsion capacity (181.42 ml oil/g protein) was determined for acid modified starch. As a result of texture analysis, hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of raw and cooked meat emulsions were significantly (P <0.01) affected by the type of starch and starch level. It was concluded in this study that 1% pre-gelatinized modified starch is good for ensuring emulsion stability and can be used as stabilizer for meat emulsions in order to improve the some texture properties of meat emulsions due to higher emulsion stability and capacity than the other starch levels.
Plaque morphology (the PLAC Scale) on CT angiography: predicting long-term anatomical success of primary carotid stenting.

OBJECT Carotid angioplasty and stenting has emerged as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Primary carotid stenting, performed using self-expanding stents alone without deliberate use of embolic protection devices and balloon angioplasty, has been shown to be effective and faster, cheaper, and potentially safer than conventional techniques. However, the long-term morphological results of this technique have not been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether preprocedural carotid plaque imaging at the site of maximal stenosis by using CT angiography (CTA) could predict the long-term morphological outcome of primary carotid stenting. METHODS One hundred eighty-one patients were treated over an 11-year period. Preprocedural CTA was performed in 102 of these. A morphological scale (the Predicting Long-term outcome with Angioplasty of the Carotid artery [PLAC] Scale), with grades from 0 to 4 and A or B, was used to evaluate the circumferential degree of plaque calcification, and the presence or absence of soft plaque. All patients were followed using duplex carotid ultrasound and plain radiographs. Satisfactory morphological outcome was defined as a peak systolic velocity < 120 cm/s and internal carotid artery/common carotid artery ratio < 1.4. RESULTS The average follow-up duration was 29.7 months (median 24.5 months, range 0.3-87 months). Univariate logistic regression demonstrated that a low calcification grade (p < 0.001), less thick calcification (p < 0.001), and moderate amounts of soft plaque (p < 0.001) are factors that are highly associated with good long-term outcome. Multivariate analyses confirmed that these factors are independent of each other in predicting outcome. CONCLUSIONS The long-term morphological outcome of primary carotid stenting was predicted with considerable accuracy by using a straightforward CTA carotid plaque grading scale.
Inanimate ziji and Condition A in Mandarin

The distribution of many anaphors, including Mandarin ziji, is complicated by their sensitivity to logophoricity: such anaphors do not obey Condition A of Binding Theory (Chomsky 1986, Charnavel and Sportiche 2016, a.o.) when they occur in clauses expressing the perspective of their antecedent (Sells 1987, Huang and Liu 2001, Charnavel 2017a, a.o.). It is therefore necessary to disentangle logophoric from non-logophoric instances of anaphors to determine their binding properties. One strategy for that is to examine inanimate anaphors, as inanimates, which lack a mental state, cannot be logophoric (Charnavel and Sportiche 2016). But this strategy seems inapplicable to Mandarin ziji, which is standardly claimed to be obligatorily animate (Tang 1989, a.o.). The goal of this paper is to question this standard claim and to show, on the basis of experimental evidence, that Mandarin ziji can in fact be inanimate. The distribution of inanimate ziji thus allows us to reexamine the binding domain of ziji controlling for the logophoricity confound, as well as some of its purported binding properties such as subcommand and subject orientation. The results of the experiment confirm the standard definition of the binding domain of ziji (with some complication in the case of subjects of embedded clauses) and reveal that subcommand is an artifact of logophoricity while subject orientation is independent from it.
Strangers in the Shadows – An Exploration of the ‘Irish Boarding Houses’ in 1950s Leicester as Heterotopic Spaces

Existing research regarding the Irish immigration experience in England tends to focus on the push and pull factors which promoted the search for a better life ‘across the water’ (Garrett, 2000; Ryan, 2008) or the specific mental and physical health experienced by the Irish resident in England (Aspinall, 2002; Raftery et al., 1990). This paper adopts a different stance. Using Foucault’s concept of heterotopias (Foucault, 1986; 1994;) as a heuristic, the paper focuses on the ‘boarding houses’ of Leicester, England in the 1950s and 1960s in which many Irish men lived upon their arrival in England. Drawing on Irish men’s oral histories, I consider how these quintessential properties may be construed as worlds within worlds, placeless places and non-homes. The spatial and other strategies deployed by the landlords/ladies as a means of disciplining and controlling the lodgers are exposed. The paper also explores how the distinctive vernacular landscapes of the boarding houses were laden with multiple juxtapositions, including the interface between materialism and maternalism and productive/non-productive labour. The distinctive existentialist form of temporality evoked by men’s stories of boarding house life suggests that the passage of time was accumulated but never recorded.
Farmers’ Perception of the Effects of Climate Change and Coping Strategies in Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Nigeria

The study assessed farmers perception of the effects of climate change and coping strategies in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Three agro-ecological zones namely Middle-Belt, North-Central and North–East were purposively selected and one LGA where NAERLS extension model village is located was purposively selected from each of the 3 agro-ecological zones. One village was randomly selected in addition to the NAERLS model village. Twenty five farmers were randomly selected from each village. One hundred and fifty (150) validated structured questionnaires were used to elicit information from respondents. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Farmers were fully aware of the effect of climate change and possible coping strategies such as the need for agricultural insurance, planting of drought and flood tolerant varieties and reduction of water loss through practices such as mulching and rearing of heat tolerant livestock. General perception was that climate change increases the rate of sickness/infection, reduces family income and that frequency of flood and that drought has increased. Chi-square analysis indicated a positive and significant relationship between perception of climate change and agro-ecology (X2 =23.52; p<0.05), age(X2 =5.98; p<0.05), educational level(X2 =6.47; p<0.05), coping strategy(X2 =23.29; p<0.05) and communities(X2 =37.36; p<0.05). It was recommended that efforts should be geared towards developing and making available crop varieties and livestock breeds that are tolerant to adverse conditions associated to climate change such as diseases, flood, drought and temperature. A multi-media enlightenment campaign of the effects and possible coping strategies of climate change should be adopted by all tiers of government and NGOs to reach the farmers using available extension structure on ground. Also, farming communities can run local disaster risk committees to encourage local adaptation measures as survival tactics for the purpose of ensuring food security.
Influence of carbon sources on growth and GC-MS based metabolite profiling of Arnica montana L. hairy roots

Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) is an economically important herb that contains numerous valuable biologically active compounds accumulated in various parts of the plant. The effects of carbon sources (sucrose, maltose, and glucose) at different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) on growth were studied and GC-MS based metabolite profiling of A. montana hairy roots was conducted. The optimal growth and biomass accumulation of transformed roots were observed on an MS nutrient medium containing 3% or 5% sucrose. GC-MS analysis of hairy roots of A. montana showed the presence of 48 compounds in polar fractions and 22 compounds in apolar fractions belonging to different classes of metabolites: flavones, phenolic acids, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, hydrocarbons etc. Among the various metabolites identified, only the sugars and sugar alcohols were influenced by the concentration of the respective carbon sources in the nutrient medium.
Finance-security: Where to go?

This forum contribution addresses the state of the art in the finance-security literature, identifying problems with the ‘financialisation of security’ and ‘securitisation of finance’ analytics, as well as a tendency to treat ‘money’ as a non-financial object in ways that fail to recognise money’s own (financial) parameters of safety and security. In response, it calls for greater engagement with political and financial security, instead of merely (political) securitisation and financialisation.
Response to letters regarding article, "Myocardial fibrosis as a key determinant of left ventricular remodeling in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic study".

We thank Drs Alter1 and Taylor et al2 for their attention on our article and the interesting issues raised. With regard to Dr Alter’s comments, the correlation between late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) detected by contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance and replacement fibrosis seen on histology has been described in several autopsy cases of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.3,4 In 7 explanted idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy hearts, Gulati et al4 showed an excellent agreement between replacement fibrosis at histopathology and LGE as seen with in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance. In our study,5 we disregarded spotty LGE confined to the interventricular septum insertion points because …
Context effects on smooth pursuit and manual interception of a disappearing target.

In our natural environment, we interact with moving objects that are surrounded by richly textured, dynamic visual contexts. Yet most laboratory studies on vision and movement show visual objects in front of uniform gray backgrounds. Context effects on eye movements have been widely studied, but it is less well known how visual contexts affect hand movements. Here we ask whether eye and hand movements integrate motion signals from target and context similarly or differently, and whether context effects on eye and hand change over time. We developed a track-intercept task requiring participants to track the initial launch of a moving object ("ball") with smooth pursuit eye movements. The ball disappeared after a brief presentation, and participants had to intercept it in a designated "hit zone. " In two experiments (n = 18 human observers each), the ball was shown in front of a uniform or a textured background that either was stationary or moved along with the target. Eye and hand movement latencies and speeds were similarly affected by the visual context, but eye and hand interception (eye position at time of interception, and hand interception timing error) did not differ significantly between context conditions. Eye and hand interception timing errors were strongly correlated on a trial-by-trial basis across all context conditions, highlighting the close relation between these responses in manual interception tasks. Our results indicate that visual contexts similarly affect eye and hand movements but that these effects may be short-lasting, affecting movement trajectories more than movement end points.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a novel track-intercept paradigm, human observers tracked a briefly shown object moving across a textured, dynamic context and intercepted it with their finger after it had disappeared. Context motion significantly affected eye and hand movement latency and speed, but not interception accuracy; eye and hand position at interception were correlated on a trial-by-trial basis. Visual context effects may be short-lasting, affecting movement trajectories more than movement end points.
Management Ownership and Dividend Policy: The Role of Managerial Overconfidence

This paper examines whether the relationship between management ownership and dividend policies is subject to the influence of managerial overconfidence among listed companies in Taiwan. The empirical study suggests a non-linear relationship between management ownership and dividend payouts. Most importantly, this study finds that managerial overconfidence affects the non-monotonic linear relationship between management ownership and dividend payout policies. Even when management ownership is sufficient to effectively control the company and managers seek to expropriate the shareholders' interests by reducing payouts, overconfident managers will have a weaker intention to reduce payouts than non-overconfident managers because overconfident managers overestimate future cash flows and prospects. Whilst managers may resort to high payouts to reduce the risk of wealth concentration due to high management ownership, overconfident managers will overestimate their personal capabilities and project values or even underestimate investment risks. As a result, they choose to retain earnings to meet future capital needs. The rate with which payouts increase along with ownership is lower for overconfident managers than for non-overconfident managers. Finally, this paper shows that managerial overconfidence lessens the entrenchment effects due to the strengthened position of managers and the resulting payout reductions.
1 Election Campaign Agendas , Government Partisanship , and the Welfare State

Although theoretically contentious, most empirical studies contend that electoral-political factors structure the welfare state. In practice, most studies concentrate on “government partisanship,” i.e. the ideological character of the government. We agree that politics matters but also seek to expand our understanding of what “politics” should be taken to mean. Drawing on recent comparative research on agenda-setting, we study the impact of whether welfare state issues were broadly salient in the public sphere during the election campaign that produced the government. We formulate hypotheses about how such systemic campaign salience and government partisanship (separately and interactively) affect welfare generosity. We also consider how such effects might have changed, taking into account challenges to standard assumptions of representative democracy coming from the “new politics of the welfare state” framework. We combine well-known, but updated, data on welfare state generosity and government partisanship, with original contextual data on campaign salience from 16 West European countries for the years 1980-2008. We find that campaigns matter but also that their impact has changed. During the first half of the examined period (the 80s and early 90s), it mainly served to facilitate government partisanship effects on the welfare state. More recently, big-time campaign attention to welfare state issues results in retrenchment (almost) regardless of who forms the postelection government, which raises concerns about the democratic status of the politics of welfare state reform.
Sub-shot-noise-limited measurements with Bose-Einstein condensates

We discuss practical schemes for using entangled Bose-Einstein condensates to detect phase shifts with a resolution better than the shot-noise limit. We begin by outlining a procedure for demonstrating how squeezed matter waves can be used to make measurements by simply lowering and raising a potential barrier between two condensates. The phase shift is read out by a scheme which involves releasing the condensates and studying the collapses and revivals of the visibility of the observed interference fringes. Finally we show how this scheme could be extended to measurements of other quantities such as gravity. All the steps of this process are attainable with current technology and so may provide a practical route for achieving enhanced resolution measurements with matter wave000.
Impedance Characterization of an LCO-NMC/Graphite Cell: Ohmic Conduction, SEI Transport and Charge-Transfer Phenomenon

Currently, Li-ion cells are the preferred candidates as energy sources for existing portable applications and for those being developed. Thus, a proper characterization of Li-ion cells is required to optimize their use and their manufacturing process. In this study, the transport phenomena and electrochemical processes taking place in LiCoO2-Li(NiMnCo)O2/graphite (LCO-NMC/graphite) cells are identified from half-cell measurements by means of impedance spectroscopy. The results are calculated from current densities, instead of absolute values, for the future comparison of this data with other cells. In particular, impedance spectra are fitted to simple electrical models composed of an inductive part, serial resistance, and various RQ networks—the parallel combination of a resistor and a constant phase element—depending on the cell. Thus, the evolution of resistances, capacitances, and the characteristic frequencies of the various effects are tracked with the state-of-charge (SoC) at two aging levels. Concretely, two effects are identified at the impedance spectrum; one is clearly caused by the charge transfer at the positive electrode, whereas the other one is presumably caused by the transport of lithium ions across the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Moreover, as the cells age, the characteristic frequency of the charge transfer is drastically reduced by a factor of around 70%.
Financial stabilization systems, economic growth of developing countries and EU’s STABEX

Understanding the impact of instability of export receipts on the economic growth of developing countries has been an important area of research in development economics for a long time. A substantial body of literature has documented a wide range of empirical regularities according to which export earnings instability (EEI) penalizes LDCs’ economic performance. According to this view, EEI alters the path of economic progress by increasing the uncertainty of financial resources needed to purchase capital goods1. This, in turn, reduces the overall level of efficiency of a country because the formation of capital is distorted by bad investments planning (Commission of the EC 1981, 1997)
Fatty Acid Profiles Associated with Microbial Colonization of Freshly Ingested Grass and Rumen

Two in situ studies were conducted to examine the use of odd-chain fatty acid profiles to study microbial colonization of freshly ingested herbage in the rumen as well as fatty acid biohydrogenation. In the first study, fresh perennial ryegrass was subjected to a range of sample preparation methods before incubation in the rumen for 2 or 7 h. In the second study, fresh perennial ryegrass was chopped into 1-cm lengths and incubated in polyester bags in the rumen for 2, 8, and 24 h. After removal of bags from the rumen, 4 different washing methods, ranging from manual squeezing to machine washing, were applied. Fatty acids were extracted from washed residues and determined, as methyl esters, by gas chromatography. The main oddchain fatty acids (with the exception of anteiso C15:0) were not found in fresh grass and were useful markers of the effects of incubation time, sample preparation method, and washing method on microbial colonization/contamination. The concentration of these and other odd-chain fatty acids increased with incubation time in both studies. The results indicate rapid and continued microbial colonization of freshly ingested forages, although patterns of odd-chain fatty acids did not reveal any further information about the types of bacteria-colonizing herbage. Principal component, biplot analysis provided a useful overall description of the processes of microbial colonization and degradation of plant fatty acids on fresh herbage incubated in the rumen. Bolus formation during mastication and ingestion results in extensive damage to herbage; none of the techniques (cutting, crushing, and drying/grinding) investigated in this work was able to replicate the effects of bolus formation in the animal. The study provided further evidence of loss of unfermented feed particles through polyester bag pores, especially when feeds are dried and ground. Biohydrogenation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of fresh herbage was used Received March 18, 2005. Accepted May 17, 2005. Corresponding author: E. J. Kim; e-mail: eun-joong.kim@bbsrc. ac.uk. 3220 principally by solid-associated bacteria to enable them to take up high levels of trans-11 C18:1 and C18:0 fatty acids. Although trans-11 C18:1 was strongly associated with bacterial markers (oddand branched-chain fatty acids), its precursor (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2) was not associated with bacterial variation, suggesting that its production in the rumen under these conditions was mainly extracellular. (
Local $L^p$-Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for $p<1$

The L-Brunn–Minkowski theory for p ≥ 1, proposed by Firey and developed by Lutwak in the 90’s, replaces the Minkowski addition of convex sets by its L counterpart, in which the support functions are added in Lnorm. Recently, Böröczky, Lutwak, Yang and Zhang have proposed to extend this theory further to encompass the range p ∈ [0, 1). In particular, they conjectured an L-Brunn–Minkowski inequality for origin-symmetric convex bodies in that range, which constitutes a strengthening of the classical BrunnMinkowski inequality. Our main result confirms this conjecture locally for all (smooth) origin-symmetric convex bodies in R and p ∈ [1 − c n3/2 , 1). In addition, we confirm the local log-Brunn–Minkowski conjecture (the case p = 0) for small-enough C-perturbations of the unit-ball of l q for q ≥ 2, when the dimension n is sufficiently large, as well as for the cube, which we show is the conjectural extremal case. For unit-balls of l q with q ∈ [1, 2), we confirm an analogous result for p = c ∈ (0, 1), a universal constant. It turns out that the local version of these conjectures is equivalent to a minimization problem for a spectral-gap parameter associated with a certain differential operator, introduced by Hilbert (under different normalization) in his proof of the Brunn–Minkowski inequality. As applications, we obtain local uniqueness results in the even L-Minkowski problem, as well as improved stability estimates in the Brunn–Minkowski and anisotropic isoperimetric inequalities. Faculty of Mathematics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. The author was supported by RFBR project 17-01-00662 and DFG project RO 1195/12-1. The article was prepared within the framework of the Academic Fund Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) in 2017–2018 (grant No 17-01-0102) and by the Russian Academic Excellence Project “5-100”. Emails: akolesnikov@hse.ru, sascha77@mail.ru. Department of Mathematics, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. The research leading to these results is part of a project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 637851). Email: emilman@tx.technion. ac.il. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 52A40, 52A23, 35P15, 58J50.