Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of vernaccia Nera (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes and wine

Vernaccia Nera (VN) is a minor Italian red grape cultivar whose oenological properties have not been investigated, yet. The traditional winemaking procedures with VN may include grape drying and even triple sequential fermentations, but a rational vinification approach should be based on the grape composition. Since a comprehensive characterization of VN grape is still missing, the ripening of VN grape was monitored by evaluating flavour compounds, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The grapes were used to produce red wine whose chemical composition and sensory properties were assessed. Ripe VN grape contained high amounts of extractable anthocyanins (875 mg/kg). The most abundant anthocyanin was malvidin (56.6%) and high relative amounts of cumarate forms (11.3%) were also found. The grape skin showed high concentration of proanthocyanidins (2 g/kg) whose degree of polymerization was low (10.3). Epigallocatechin accounted up to 39% of the flavan-3-ol units in the skin. Flavour compounds in grape included glycosylated norisoprenoids (mainly 3-oxo-? -ionol and vomifoliolo) and benzenoids. The VN red wine showed high amount of anthocyanins, but the level of proanthocyanidins (0.93 g/L) was lower than expected. The spicy flavors were the notes mostly recognized with the sensory. Our data highlight VN grape is suitable for the production of ready-to-drink or shortly aged red wine due to the high acidity and low astringency.
SSR assessment of Phytophthora infestans populations on tomato and potato in British gardens demonstrates high diversity but no evidence for host specialization

Phytophthora infestans populations can differ in composition as a result of host-specialisation on tomato and potato hosts. In Great Britain many amateur gardeners grow outdoor tomatoes but there is little or no commercial tomato production outdoors. This study analysed isolates of P. infestans from British gardens with twelve multiplexed SSR markers that are used to monitor the disease on commercial potato crops. Samples of P. infestans from tomato hosts were collected in three years and from potato in one year from across Great Britain. Seven previously unreported genotypes were detected in garden populations and higher frequencies of unique clonal lineages (28% to 40%) were present compared with populations from British commercial potato crops reported elsewhere. Garden populations had a lower proportion (11% to 48% less) of the most common lineages (13_A2 and 6_A1) which together made up at least 86% of the commercial potato populations during the sampling period. Host species accounted for only 2.6% of molecular variance detected between garden potato- and tomato-hosted samples. No significant difference in clonal lineage composition was found between host species in Great Britain and this could be due to the whole P. infestans population over-wintering on potato. British garden populations on both hosts were much more diverse than those on commercial potato crops; this finding may be influenced by less frequent fungicide use by gardeners and a higher diversity of un-sprayed susceptible potato cultivars enabling metalaxyl-sensitive and less virulent genotypes to survive in gardens.
Distribution and Paleoecology of the Middle Jurassic Foraminifera from Eastern Alborz (Goznawwi section)

Analysis of benthic foraminiferal assemblages was performed in Callovian deposits of the Farsian Formation Northeastern Alborz; Iran. The sequence of Callovian at the Goznawwi area consists mainly of soft marls , which contain high-diversity calcareous assemblages. In this foraminiferal succession nine morphogroups were differentiated according to shell architecture (general shape, mode of coiling and number of chambers), integrated with the supposed microhabitat (epifauna, shallow infauna and deep infauna) and feeding strategy (suspension-feeder, herbivore, bacterivore, etc.). Based on foraminiferal assemblage, we have distinguished nine type of morphogroups, including seven calcareous benthic and two agglutinated benthic morphogroups. The environmental evolution of the analyzed section is interpreted by using the stratigraphic distribution of morphogroups, combined with species diversities and sedimentary data, in a sequence stratigraphic framework. Palaeoecological analysis of the foraminiferal assemblages based on morphogroups analysis and macroinvertebrate has shown that this sediment was deposited on the open marine, deeper of the shelf water, with normal saline (euhaline), with sub-oxyed (or dysoxic) condition and eutrophic environment.
Investigating Hydrological Responses and Adaptive
Operation of a Hydropower Station under
a Climate Change Scenario

In this study we investigated the projections of climate change and its impacts on the water resources of the Xin’anjiang watershed and optimal hydropower production using future run-offs (the decades of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s). The arc SWAT hydrological model and change factor downscaling technique were integrated to detect the run-offs and to downscale CMIP5 future climate variables, respectively. Optimal hydropower generation using future runoff was predicted by developing a mathematical model and by applying the particle swarm optimization technique within its paradigm. The results depict an increase of up to 5.9oC in monthly mean maximum temperature, and 5.58oC in minimum temperature until the 2080s. There will be a 63% increase in flow magnitudes more than the base year flow during the 2020s, whereas up to 70% and 31.40% increments have been observed for the 2050s and 2080s, respectively. The results revealed potential hydropower generation of 19.23*108 kWh using 2020s runoff of rainy years. Similarly, 19.35*108 kWh and 14.23*108 kWh were estimated from the flows during the 2050s and 2080s, respectively.
Innovation Policy and Economic Growth

This paper establishes theoretically a link between investments in economic growth and investments in R&D. This raises the importance of innovation policies as they are designed to narrow the gap between the socially optimal and the privately optimal levels of R&D. As innovation policies may be subject to crowding-out effects, we, second, empirically test whether R&D subsidies stimulate private investment in two countries of the European economic area. We employ Belgian and German firm level data for estimating treatment effects models. It turns out that public R&D grants stimulate private investments in both countries. Furthermore, the estimated treatment effects vary with the innovation experience of firms and their past labor producivity.
Crop-Livestock Farming Systems Varying with Different Altitudes in Southern Ethiopia

In Sub-Saharan Africa, rangeland is increasingly converted to cropland, creating diverse crop-livestock practices in different environments. As these practices lead to highly adapted livestock production systems using resources that vary locally and seasonally, not much is known about their similarities and differences. We assessed different crop-livestock systems through 60 semistructured interviews in lowlands ( 2400 m.a.s.l) around the Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Average livestock numbers per household were higher in lowlands (43) and highlands (18), where access to communal grazing lands was possible. Cattle dominated at all sites, draught oxen numbers increased with available cropping land per household. All sites used crop residues as supplemental feed. Dung was used as manure in most households, as fuel is used only in higher regions. Our study showed that crop-livestock practices and livestock numbers can be explained by altitude but also by the availability of private and communally used land. Further practices should include growing fodder legumes, crop rotations, and intercropping, which might support a reduced-tillage system and reduce numbers of environmentally costly draught oxen.
Correlative Analysis Between Severity of Urolithiasis and Laboratory Parameters and Its Implication in Evaluation of the Probable Risk Profile

Background: Urolithiasis presents serious hazard which significantly elevates the cost of national health expenditure in almost every part of both the hemispheres. There is high risk of hospitalization with loss of valuable human resource and decreased productivity along with it. Risk factors still evade the exact etiology and search for optimal serum panel is still in its infancy. Urolithiasis incidence has gradually increased in last 3 decades which suggests that some constant metabolic and urinary parameters are implicated in the risk of occurrence of urinary stone. The present study is intended to identify a panel of serum parameters, urinary parameters, radiological characteristics and correlating it with the clinical severity of stone disease. Methods: The present study was conducted at the Department of Urology at GMCH Guwahati. The authors retrospectively analyzed 151 patients undergoing stone surgery from a period of January 2016 to August 2017. Data comprised of all serum and urinary examinations done 1 week preoperatively and radiological scans within 1 month before surgery. Spearman test was used to determine correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for comparison between more than two categories. Results: Stone multiplicity was positively correlated with upper tract stone sides (r = 0.530, P < 0.01), large stone volume (r = 0.172, P < 0.02), stone recurrence, urinary infection and urine protein. Upper tract stone sides number was positively correlated with upper tract obstruction sides (r = 0.542, P < 0.03), large stone volume (r = -0.321, P < 0.01). Upper tract obstruction sides number was positively correlated with large stone volume (r = -0.848, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Results demonstrated that urinary tract obstruction and total stone volume significantly correlated with abnormal serum panel, urinary profile and were harbinger of complex stone pattern. World J Nephrol Urol. 2018;7(1):25-31 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu332w
Training, employee engagement and employee performance: Evidence from Uganda’s health sector

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of training and employee engagement on employee performance using evidence from Uganda’s health sector. This study is cross sectional and correlational. Usable questionnaires were received from 150 respondents from four Catholic founded hospitals that is Kamuli Mission Hospital, Buluba Mission Hospital, St. Benedict Mission Hospital and Budini Mission Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Regression analysis results indicate that training and employee engagement significantly predict employee performance by 44.7% and employee engagement was found to be a major predictor of employee performance as compared to training. Correlation analysis results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between training and employee performance. Correlation analysis results further indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between employee engagement and employee performance. A partial mediation effect of employee engagement in the relationship between training and employee performance was also established. This research is important to managers, policy makers and Government in improving employee performance in the health sector. Given that this study was cross sectional, monitoring changes in behavior could not be possible. To the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study to establish the contribution of training and employee engagement on employee performance and at the same time provide an initial empirical evidence on the mediation effect of employee engagement in the relationship between training and employee performance using evidence from Uganda’s health sector.
Phylogenetics of Darwin's Finches: Paraphyly in the Tree-Finches, and Two Divergent Lineages in the Warbler Finch

The Galapagos Darwin's finches (Geospizinae) have been classified as three major groups based on morphology and behavior: ground-finches, tree-finches, and the Warbler Finch (Certhidea olivacea). Little is known about the evolutionary relationships within and among these groups, which is partly due to the lack of a phylogeny based on molecular sequence data. We used mitochondrial sequence data to reconstruct a phylogeny of Darwin's finches. These data show that within the tree-finches, only one genus is conclusively monophyletic, and another is conclusively paraphyletic. It may be appropriate to uphold the classification of the tree-finches into two genera. The Warbler Finch complex is paraphyletic, as revealed by two divergent genetic lineages contained within this species. Stochastic lineage sorting within relatively recently diverged species and interspecific and intergeneric hybridization are the two most likely explanations for the sharing of haplotypes among taxa.
Comparison and validation of two high-resolution weather forecast models at Frankfurt Airport

In recent years the 'Nowcasting Wake Vortex Impact Variables' model NOWVIV has been developed at the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR, to forecast weather parameters in airport environments. The German Meteorological Service, DWD, employs his COSMO-DE model (COnsortium for Small scale Modelling-DEutschland) for operational forecasts in Germany. A systematic comparison of model output from NOWVIV and a derivate of COSMO-DE, named COSMO-FRA, is presented. Both models are centred at Frankfurt Airport with horizontal resolutions of 2.1 km and 2.8 km, respectively. In the DLR Project Wetter & Fliegen the COSMO-FRA model will replace the NOWVIV model and become a key component in the future rapid update cycle for adverse weather predictions at the airports of Frankfurt and Munich. The forecast vertical profiles of runway crosswind, head/tail wind, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) are validated against Wind and Temperature Radar (WTR/RASS) measurements operated by the German Air Navigation Service Provider, DFS, within a 40 day period during fall 2004 and a 60 day period during winter 2007. Model and WTR output is provided every 10 minutes. In general it was found that the predictions of both models yield similar skills based on the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias statistics of the crosswind as well as the false alarm-rate (FAR) statistics in forecasting different crosswind thresholds. The RMSE of crosswind between ground and 1600 m altitude ranges between 2.2 and 3.0 ms-1 for NOWVIV in fall and winter. For COSMO-FRA this error ranges between 2.0 and 2.5 ms-1 during winter and 2.5 and 3.5 ms-1 during fall, respectively. The FAR for exceeding a crosswind threshold of 3 ms-1 is about 23 % in fall and 17 % in winter for both models.
Utilization of maternal and child health care services in North and South India: does spousal violence matter?

Spousal violence emerged as a major public health concern over the past few decades as its consequences on the health of victims are profound. Infliction of violence during pregnancy is even more detrimental as it might cause serious injuries to women and their unborn children. Violence during pregnancy can restrict access to proper health care and affect the health of mother and child. However, the role of spousal violence on utilization of pregnancy care services is not well explored in India where both fertility and spousal violence are high. In the present study, we used data of selected North and South Indian states from the National Family Health Survey (2005–2006) to examine the relationship between experience of spousal violence by young married women and utilization of maternal and child health care services. A marked regional variation was observed in MCH care utilization and levels of violence, where the South Indian states performed better than the North. Spousal violence was a significant factor determining MCH care use. Women who had experienced any form of physical/sexual violence were less likely to receive full ante natal care than non-abused women and the association was stronger in the South. Women experiencing any physical/sexual violence were also less likely to avail institutional delivery in the North. Emotional violence had similar constraining effects on MCH care use in the South. Integration of violence screening and counselling with MCH programs could be helpful to address the needs of abused pregnant women and provide essential care.
Stress, resilience and leisure coping among university students: applying the broaden-and-build theory

Abstract Evidence suggests that leisure coping is affiliated with resilience, and that both predict stress-coping and well-being. However, a theoretical explanation of how resilience is associated with the stress-reducing properties of leisure coping is lacking. Using the broaden-and-build theory, a model was developed proposing that resilient individuals proactively use leisure coping to cultivate positive emotions and in turn enhance well-being. Leisure coping and positive affect (PA) were suggested to mediate the relationship between resilience and well-being outcomes (stress and flourishing). The model was tested among 202 U.K undergraduates, a population reported to experience high stress. Structural equation modelling revealed that resilience had a significant positive effect on flourishing. Leisure coping beliefs demonstrated a positive relationship with resilience, PA and flourishing. PA mediated the relationship between resilience and flourishing and between resilience and stress. Leisure coping strategies did not meaningfully contribute to the model. Leisure beliefs may have emerged as more important than leisure strategies because leisure beliefs are relatively stable with more enduring effects on health and well-being, while leisure strategies are transient and situation-based. Future research should examine the relationships longitudinally to explore developmental change. Implications of the findings for undergraduates are discussed.
Genetic trends of body weight and some scanning traits of Karayaka lambs

This investigation was conducted to estimate the breeding values and genetic trends for body weight (BW), scanning fat depth (SFD) and scanning muscle depth (SMD) of Karayaka lambs (n= 1059) at 140 ± 3.36 day of age. Experiments were conducted in a nucleus flock of Karayaka sheep under a selective breeding program to increase productivity at research farm of Gaziosmanpasa University between the years 2006 - 2011. Breeding values were estimated with ASREML software. While genetic trend for BW and SMD showed a smooth ascending trend, SFD exhibited a descending trend throughout the experimental period. The genetic trend for BW, SFD and SMD of Karayaka lambs were observed as 0.433 kg / year, - 0.00686 mm / year and 0.00786 mm / year, respectively. The results showed that applying of a selection program on BW, SMD and SFD characteristics would increase BW and SMD values and decrease SFD value in Karayaka lambs.
Investors Perceptives on the NASI AND THE NSE 20 Share Index as Performance Measurement Indicators at the Nairobi Securities Exchange In Kenya

The NSE 20 share index has been victim of criticism from majority of investors and investment analysts due to its inherent shortcomings that make it a weak performance measurement indicator. As a result, the NSE introduced the NASI in February 2008 as a complimentary index. The purpose of this paper to compare the two indices and find out whether any significant difference exists between the two indices. This was an empirical study and both primary and secondary data was used. Historical data on the daily performance of the NSE market for the two years period (March 2008- February 2010) was obtained from the NSE information centre. The data collected was used to test the hypothesis of no difference between the two indices at 5% level of significance using the Z test. Correlation analysis was also carried out to determine if significant correlation exists between the two indices with stock prices and market capitalization. Primary data was obtained using a questionnaire administered on 17 markets analysts with one analysts being drawn from each of the 17 NSE member firms. The findings of the study indicate that there is no significant difference between the two indices
Airport, airline and access mode choice in the San Francisco Bay area*

In this article, we present an analysis of air travel choice behaviour in the San Francisco Bay area. The analysis extends existing work by considering the simultaneous choice by passengers of a departure airport, an airline, and an access mode. The analysis shows that several factors, most notably flight frequency and in-vehicle access time, have a significant overall impact on the attractiveness of an airport, airline and access mode combination, while factors such as fare and aircraft size have a significant effect only in some of the population subgroups. The analysis highlights the need to use separate models for resident and non-resident travellers, and to segment the population by journey purpose. The analysis also shows that important gains can be made through the inclusion of airport-inertia variables, and through using a nonlinear specification for the marginal returns of increases in flight frequency. In terms of model structure, the results suggest that the use of the different possible two-level nested logit models leads to modest, yet significant gains in model fit over the corresponding multinomial logit models, which already exhibit very high levels of prediction performance. Copyright (c) 2006 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2006 RSAI.
The Provision of Incentives in Firms

This paper provides an overview of the existing theoretical and empirical work on the provision of incentives. It reviews the costs and benefits of many types of pay-for-performance, such as piece rates, promotions, and long-term incentives. The main conclusions are (i) while there is considerable evidence that individuals respond to pay-for-performance, there is less evidence that contracts are designed as predicted by the theory, (ii) there has been little progress made in distinguishing amongst plausible theories, and (iii) we still know little about how incentives are provided to workers whose output is difficult to measure.
Vocabulary profiles and reading comprehension in young bilingual children

Strong vocabulary knowledge is important for success in reading comprehension for English language learners (ELLs). The interplay between first (L1) and second language (L2) vocabulary knowledge in L2 English reading comprehension was examined to determine whether ELLs, whose command of L1 and L2 vocabulary varied across languages, differed in English reading comprehension in grades 2 and 4. ELLs (n = 105) were assigned to a bilingual profile group based on their L1 and L2 vocabulary knowledge and in relation to the sample: L1 dominant (strong L1), L2 dominant (strong L2), high balanced (strong in both), or low balanced (compromised in both). Relationships among L1 and L2 (English) vocabulary, nonverbal cognitive ability, word reading, and reading comprehension in English were examined. Results indicated that reading comprehension was related to bilingual profile, and that a three group model better characterized the sample when compared to the four group model that was initially hypothesized. L1 vocabulary was not uniquely predictive of L2 (English) reading comprehension. L2 vocabulary aligned betterwith reading comprehension concurrently in grade 2, and longitudinally in grade 4. In support of a common underlying cognitive processes perspective, individual differences in learning vocabulary may be a proxy forgeneral language learning ability, which supports reading comprehension.