Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tomography of crust and lithosphere in the western Indian Ocean from noise cross-correlations of land and ocean bottom seismometers

We use seismic noise cross-correlations to obtain a 3-D tomography model of SV-wave velocities beneath the western Indian Ocean, in the depth range of the oceanic crust and uppermost mantle. The study area covers 2000 × 2000 km2 between Madagascar and the three spreading ridges of the Indian Ocean, centred on the volcanic hotspot of La Réunion. We use seismograms from 38 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed by the RHUM-RUM project and 10 island stations on La Réunion, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, and Tromelin. Phase cross-correlations are calculated for 1119 OBS-to-OBS, land-to-OBS, and land-to-land station pairs, and a phase-weighted stacking algorithm yields robust group velocity measurements in the period range of 3–50 s. We demonstrate that OBS correlations across large interstation distances of >2000 km are of sufficiently high quality for large-scale tomography of ocean basins. Many OBSs yielded similarly good group velocity measurements as land stations. Besides Rayleigh waves, the noise correlations contain a low-velocity wave type propagating at 0.8–1.5 km s−1 over distances exceeding 1000 km, presumably Scholte waves travelling through seafloor sediments. The 100 highest-quality group velocity curves are selected for tomographic inversion at crustal and lithospheric depths. The inversion is executed jointly with a data set of longer-period, Rayleigh-wave phase and group velocity measurements from earthquakes, which had previously yielded a 3-D model of Indian Ocean lithosphere and asthenosphere. Robust resolution tests and plausible structural findings in the upper 30 km validate the use of noise-derived OBS correlations for adding crustal structure to earthquake-derived tomography of the oceanic mantle. Relative to crustal reference model CRUST1.0, our new shear-velocity model tends to enhance both slow and fast anomalies. It reveals slow anomalies at 20 km depth beneath La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues Ridge, Madagascar Rise, and beneath the Central Indian spreading ridge. These structures can clearly be associated with increased crustal thickness and/or volcanic activity. Locally thickened crust beneath La Réunion and Mauritius is probably related to magmatic underplating by the hotspot. In addition, these islands are characterized by a thickened lithosphere that may reflect the depleted, dehydrated mantle regions from which the crustal melts where sourced. Our tomography model is available as electronic supplement.
Enterprise Risk Management Implementation and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Malaysian Oil and Gas Industry

This paper intends to vindicate the influence of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) implementation on firm performance. A sample of 11 oil and gas Public Listed Companies (PLC’s) were selected in this study. Data were collected using content analysis with regard to the companies’ ERM practices and their financial performances. ERM implementation was measured using COSO’s ERM integrated framework while the firm financial performance was assessed through return on assets (ROA) measurement. Multiple regression analysis was performed to test eight developed hypotheses. Results indicate that four components of the ERM framework, i.e. supportive internal environment, objective setting, control and monitoring activities, are found to be positive and significant predictors for the firm’s performance. The findings support the efficacy and potential strengths of ERM implementation in the oil and gas companies.
Impact of firm characteristics on capital structure: Dutch SMEs

This study investigates which firm-level determinants influences the capital structure of Dutch SMEs. The sample contains 11.583 firm-year observations in the period from 2010 till 2017. Using the fixed effect model, the firm-level determinants of two theories are investigated: the pecking order theory and agency cost theory. The results indicate that profitability, growth opportunities, tangibility and age are important firm-level determinants that influence the capital structure of Dutch SMEs. The relevance of past growth and size are not robust in this study. Overall, Dutch SMEs follow the pecking order theory. Robustness tests reveal that one industry follow the agency costs theory. In the other industries is the pecking order theory dominant.
Does the Inclusion of Robots Affect Engineering Students’ Achievement in Computer Programming Courses?

Applied courses are difficult to teach to undergraduate engineering students in classical classrooms. To facilitate students’ understanding and capture their motivation, technology should be incorporated into classrooms. In the Engineering Faculty, there are courses that are difficult to learn in a classical classroom and laboratory sessions; the programming algorithm course is one such class. Educational robots are required for teaching and learning programming algorithm logic. The Lego Mindstorms EV3 robots represent excellent technology to teach programming algorithm course subjects. The important point about the programming algorithms course is that it enables understanding of the logic of programming, as it enhances students’ understanding of what it means when they are coding. This paper investigates how engineering faculty students’ achievements are affected by robotics technology when learning computer programming algorithm logics. It analyses a usable solution with the Lego Mindstorms EV3 robot in the engineering classrooms for the introduction to computer programming course. The statistical results showed, Lego robot usage has raised student achievement in the introduction to computer programming course.
Accessibility measures of transport networks. Comparison of neutral networks and classical approaches

This paper deals with the correlation among topological accessibility of transport networks and the spatial interaction of activities. Neural networks (ANNs) were used in this case study to capture the structure of the relations between transport and land use, and to find the configuration of weights that produces accessibility results similar to those calculated by other widely used mathematical methods (sum of power series method, matrix eigenvalues and principal eigenvector etc.) or multivariate techniques (cluster, regression, structural equations model). The findings show that ANNs produce in 96-99% of cases the same ranking lists as do matrix algebra techniques. We can state that ANNs represent a competitive candidate for developing an internal representation of topological data, demonstrating that accessibility characterises a well- defined structure, with clear relationships between data, and ANNs do well in modelling it. Moreover, ANNs have shown good modelling power when applied to a 'noisier' data set of accessibility measures. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E206301.
Vertical Integration and Disruptive Cross‐Market R&D

We study incentives for innovations that enable firms to enter backward into the input market. Such innovations are disruptive in that they lead to structural changes and even reversal of supply-customer relationships. We first show that Arrow's replacement effect is also present in our vertical setting which gives rise to two general results: (1) vertical integration lowers the RD and (2) vertical integration raises the R&D incentive of the non-integrated downstream firm. We then identify, respectively, situations for strategic integration, which is driven by the motive to preempt R&D of the target firm, and for strategic separation, which occurs as a means to not trigger R&D by the downstream rival. An otherwise profitable raising rival's cost strategy may not be chosen for fear of counterattack by the rival in the form of disruptive R&D.
ASSESSMENT OF YIELD COMPONENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION IN F2 POPULATIONS OF WHEAT

Keeping in view the role of wheat in Pakistan, the current research was conducted to compute the extent of transmissibility and to derive information on the correlation of grain yield with its component traits. Sixteen F2 populations of wheat and their eight parental lines were evaluated at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan during wheat season of 2013-14. Experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Analysis of variance manifested significant differences among genotypes for all the studied traits. Similarly, mean squares due to parents, F2 populations and parents vs. F2`s were also significant for all the traits under study except harvest index. On the basis of mean performance, maximum grain yield plant-1 among parents was given by Fakhr-e-Sarhad (27.16 g) and PS-05 (26.06 g), while among F2 populations, maximum grain yield plant-1 was given by cross combinations Barsat / Siren (27.93 g), AUP-5008 / Siren (26.09 g) and Tatara / PS-05 (25.65 g). The assessments of heritability and genetic advance manifested that F2 populations, Saleem-2K / Janbaz, Tatara / F.S, AUP-5008 / PS-05 and Tatara / PS-05 had highly heritable characters along with high genetic advance, which offer an opportunity for earlier selection. Hence, more emphasis should be given to these crosses in future wheat breeding programs. Moreover, the perusal of correlation analysis revealed that traits like days to maturity, flag leaf area, plant height, fertile tillers plant-1, biological yield and harvest index appeared to be most essential sources of affecting the final yield, suggesting that upsurge in wheat yield could be admissible by selecting these traits.
Failure and Success in Mergers and Acquisitions

This paper provides an overview of the academic literature on the market for corporate control, and focuses specifically on firms' performance around and after a takeover. Despite the aggregate M&A market amounting to several trillions USD on an annual basis, acquiring firms often underperform relative to non-acquiring firms, especially in public takeovers. Although hundreds of academic studies have investigated the deal- and firm-level factors associated with M&A announcement returns, short-run returns are often not sustained in the long run. Moreover, the wide variety of performance measures and heterogeneity in sample sizes complicates the drawing of accurate and unambiguous conclusions. In this light, our survey compiles the recent literature and aims to identify the areas of research for which short-run returns predict (or fail to predict) long-run performance. We find that post-takeover deal performance is affected by key determinants including serial acquisitions, CEO overconfidence, acquirer-target relatedness and complementarity, and shareholder intervention in the form of voting or activism.
Indoor Ecosystem Services: Impacts of Plants on Air Quality

Ecosystem services have been the focus of recent research on ecology, biodiversity and human health. As most of this research has placed emphasis on natural ecosystems, there is a lack of data on the effect of indoor and urban ecosystems on both human health and the quality of human life. One of the most common health issues associated with urban and indoor spaces is the quality of air. Considering that humans spend most of their time indoors, accompanied by a lack of fresh air due to industry growth and environmental degradation, there is an obvious need for a non-invasive and non-obtrusive air purification system. This paper presents the results of the indoor air quality monitoring under non-controlled conditions, i.e. the changes in air quality induced by the common indoor ornamental plant Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Laurentii’. The following air quality parameters were observed: the relative humidity and temperature of air, as well as the concentrations of carbon-dioxide, methane and overall VOCs. Measurements were performed using the commercial CO2 data logger Extech SD800 and the in-house developed Arduino Uno-based measuring device with different sensors. The results obtained show the changes in the indoor air quality relative to the presence or absence of the selected plants. A sudden increase in the overall VOC (NH3, NOx, benzene and smoke), methane and carbon-dioxide concentrations was recorded after the plants were removed from the indoor space. The purpose of this research is to form a basis for designing a biological purification system as a low-cost and environment-friendly method for the monitoring and purification of indoor air.
Surficial arsenic redistribution above gold-mineralised zones in East Otago, New Zealand

ABSTRACT Groundwater-driven clay alteration of gold-mineralised Otago Schist has caused leaching and redistribution of arsenic (As). At Macraes mine in East Otago, there is a zone of alteration up to 50 m thick beneath a Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional unconformity where hydrothermal As concentrations >1000 ppm have decreased to <150 ppm. Where periglacial aeolian silt (loess) overlies mineralised Otago Schist, As has migrated in near-surface groundwater to form geochemical enrichment anomalies in loess and colluvium, with As concentrations locally as high as 500 ppm. Most As in the clay-altered basement and Pleistocene cover is closely associated with iron oxyhydroxide (HFO) and occurs as adsorbed As(V) on the HFO or as ferric arsenate minerals. However, initial As mobility was most effective as more soluble As(III) during oxidative transition from original sulphides to arsenate. Upward As migration into Pleistocene debris on the metre scale can facilitate location of gold-mineralised rocks that have been obscured by the young cover.
Adaptive market hypothesis and momentum effect: Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange

Abstract This paper examines time-varying behavior of momentum and contrarian profits to identify the existence of adaptive market hypothesis (AMH), and whether AMH can provide justification for the presence of such anomalous behavior in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) of Bangladesh. To investigate the time-varying pattern of momentum/contrarian anomaly, the study uses stock prices of all listed companies on the DSE and values of DSE general index from January 1995 to December 2018. To construct the relative strength portfolios for momentum strategies, the current study employs the portfolio formation methods of Jegadeesh and Titman with minor modifications. The study findings suggest the existence of medium-term momentum profits and the long-term reversal effect that vary over time. Moreover, the empirical evidence of the study shows that the changed market conditions that are considered as the main reasons under AMH for time-varying behavior of market efficiency and by extension the stock market anomalies influence the momentum profits. The findings suggest that although market risk cannot always explain the existence of momentum profits in the DSE, the bullish stock market condition positively impacts this anomalous profit pattern. In addition, the momentum profits are not statistically significant during stock market crashes and bubbles, but the normal market condition positively influences the momentum profits. The most interesting finding of this study is that the investors from emerging stock markets may not adapt towards changed market conditions like the investors from the developed markets as reported in the AMH literature.
IMPLEMENTATION OF TEXT TRANSFORMATION IN PHYSICS EDUCATION TO REDUCE STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTION

This research aimed to know the effect of text transformation in educational physics especially Impuls and momentum to reduce students’ misconception. This study was held at state senior high school (SMAN) 2 in Pontianak, West Borneo. The instrument in this study has made with diagnostic test using certainly of responden index method. The research design in this study using one group pretest-posttest design. Population in this research is all students of science major in state senior high school 2 in Pontianak. This study have found that implementation of text transformation giving effect significantly to reduce students’ misconception according Wilcoxon test (Z = -3,418, p = 0.01). However, this research is not finding corelation which is significantly between skill to make a note using text transformation and reduction of students’ misconception ( = 0.119, p = 0.490). The value of effect size in this research is 1.65.
High‐Temperature Observation of Transdomain Transitions in Vortex States in Intermediate Titanomagnetite

Natural materials contain small grains of magnetic iron oxides that can record information about the magnetic field of the Earth when they form and can be used to document changes in the geomagnetic field through time. Thermoremanent magnetization is the most stable type of remanent magnetization in igneous rocks and can be carried by particle sizes above the upper size limit for single‐domain behavior. To better understand thermoremanent magnetization in particles larger than single domain, we imaged the thermal dependence of magnetic structures in ~1.5‐μm grains of titanomagnetite (Fe2.46Ti0.54O4) using variable‐temperature magnetic force microscopy. At room temperature, grains displayed single‐vortex and multivortex states. Upon heating, the single‐vortex state was found to be stable up to the Curie temperature (~215 °C), whereas multivortex states unblocked between 125 and 200 °C by transitioning into single‐vortex states. During cooling in a weak field (~0.1 mT), single‐vortex states nucleated just below the Curie temperature and remained unchanged to room temperature. The single‐vortex state was the only magnetic state observed at room temperature after weak field thermoremanent magnetization acquisition experiments. These observations indicate that single‐vortex states occur in titanomagnetite and, like single‐domain particles, have high thermal stability necessary for carrying stable paleomagnetic remanence.
The Role of Forum Membership Diversity on Institutional Externalities in Resource Governance Systems

Abstract In many resource governance systems, representatives of resource-related organizations gather in forums to discuss and develop solutions to policy problems. Forums often deal with interdependent policy problems, giving rise to institutional externalities: instances where decisions made in one forum either decrease (negative institutional externality) or increase (positive institutional externality) the rate by which current policy outputs in other forums resolve their prescribed policy problems. In this article we argue that forum-specific factors can impact the direction of such externalities. We theorize that forums with more diverse memberships in terms of both the issues that participants care about and types of organizations represented are better equipped to incorporate more holistic, ecosystem-based perspectives, which promote the generation of positive institutional externalities. Our study utilizes survey data collected from forum participants in the California Delta. Results from a series of cross-nested regressions demonstrate a positive association between forum diversity and positive externalities.
EVAPORITIC VELOCITY MODELING UNCERTAINTIES AND VARIABILITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRE-SALT PROJECTS IN THE SANTOS BASIN, BRAZIL

ABSTRACTCorrect representation of the spatial distribution of physical and chemical properties of the evaporitic section is of great importance for development of pre-salt section reservoirs. In the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil, an increasing amount of high quality seismic, well-logs, and production data are available. The initial conceptual model of the evaporitic section, assuming inhomogeneous behaviors in terms of mineral composition, acoustic and elastic properties, had not been well documented yet. Therefore, this interval remains considered as mainly composed by halite, being slightly modified to include a few heterogeneities when needed. A simple way to represent those heterogeneities is by combining seismic attributes and well-log information, which are usually not available for the whole evaporitic section. To mitigate this problem, drill cuttings description could be used. In this paper, we describe some of the uncertainties related to the analysis of 1D information from wells, as well as a possible alternative to represent the data variability where information is missing. The proposed methodology includes generating a detailed evaporitic section model (3D), regarding properties and their related uncertainties. This model can be used to improve seismic imaging, depth positioning forecast and reservoir property values distribution.Keywords: evaporitic section, data analysis, heterogeneities, property value, uncertainties. RESUMORepresentar corretamente a distribuição espacial das propriedades físicas e químicas da seção evaporítica é muito importante no desenvolvimento dos reservatórios do pré-sal. Na Bacia de Santos, offshore Brasil, grande quantidade de dados sísmicos de alta qualidade, perfis de poço, dados de produção estão disponíveis. O modelo conceitual desta seção, assumindo o mesmo como não homogêneo, em termos de mineralogia e propriedades acústicas e elásticas, ainda não é bem documentado. Assim, este intervalo permanece sendo considerado como, principalmente, composto por halita e, localmente, modificado para incluir algumas heterogeneidades, quando necessário. Um caminho simples para representar estas heterogeneidades é combinar atributos sísmicos e informações dos perfis de poços que, usualmente, não estão disponíveis para toda a seção. Para mitigar este problema, descrição de amostras de calhas pode ser utilizada. Neste artigo, nós descreveremos algumas das incertezas relacionadas à esta análise 1D, oriundas das informações dos poços, assim como uma possível alternativa para representar as variabilidades destes dados inexistentes. A metodologia proposta inclui a geração de um modelo (3D) detalhado da seção evaporítica, observando suas propriedades e as incertezas relacionadas. Este modelo pode ser utilizado para melhorar as imagens sísmicas, melhores previsões de profundidades, e distribuição de valores de propriedades de reservatórios. Palavras-chave: seção evaporítica, análise de dados, heterogeneidades, valores de propriedades, incertezas.
Stochastic Analysis of Embodied Carbon Dioxide Emissions Considering Variability of Construction Sites

The current method of estimating CO2 emissions during the construction phase does not consider the variability that can occur in actual work. Therefore, this study aims at probabilistic CO2 estimation dealing with the statistical characteristics in activity data of building construction work, focused on concrete pouring work and based on field data. The probabilistically estimated CO2 emissions have some differences from CO2 emissions measured by current deterministic methods. The results revealed that the minimum difference was 11.4%, and the maximum difference was 132.7%. This study also used Monte Carlo simulations to derive information on a probability model of CO2 emissions. Results of the analysis revealed that there is a risk of underestimating emissions because the amount of emissions was estimated at a level that exceeds the 95% confidence interval of the simulation results. In addition, the probability that CO2 emissions using the measured activities data were less than the estimated CO2 emissions using the bill of quantity was 73.2% in the probability distribution model.