Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FREQUENCIES OF VARIANTS OF CANDIDATE GENES IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF HYPERTENSIVES

1. In severe, familial hypertension, we have reported that the proportion of patients homozygous for the deletion allele of an insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme gene is markedly decreased in older age groups, suggesting that this genotype is associated with increased risk of premature death. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship with age, of variants of other genes that encode proteins having an influence on the cardiovascular system.
Does Adoption of IAS/IFRS Deter Earnings Management?

In this study we re-examine whether the transition to IAS/IFRS deters or facilitates greater earnings management (earnings smoothing). Prior research is inconclusive. Barth et al. (2008) find a decrease in earnings management for early voluntary adopters, while Ahmed et al. (2010) find an increase in earnings management for mandatory adopters. Christensen et al. (2008) and Ahmed et al. (2010) attribute these conflicting results to self selection -- i.e. early adopters had incentives to voluntarily adopt while those firms that waited until IFRS adoption became mandatory in EU countries did not. In this paper, we argue that IAS/IFRS standards changed dramatically from the early voluntary adoption period to the mandatory adoption year (2005), particularly during the period from 2003 to 2005 when the IASB was making compromises to win endorsement of IAS/IFRS standards from EU member countries. Compared to earlier IAS standards, revisions of old IAS standards and new IFRS standards issued during the transition period allow greater flexibility in choosing among alternative accounting treatments, which was an often-expressed concern among IASB board members that issued dissenting opinions when more recent IAS/IFRS standards were adopted. We posit that this greater flexibility in IAS/IFRS standards has lead to greater earnings management (smoothing) under the current IFRS reporting regime. Consistent with this conjecture, we find an increase in earnings management from pre-2005 to post-2005 for Early Voluntary Adopters and Late Adopters in countries that allowed early IAS/IFRS adoption, and for Mandatory Adopters in countries that did not allow early IFRS adoption.
Author ' s personal copy Great apes ’ capacities to recognize relational similarity

Recognizing relational similarity relies on the ability to understand that defining object properties might not lie in the objects individually, but in the relations of the properties of various object to each other. This aptitude is highly relevant for many important human skills such as language, reasoning, categorization and understanding analogy and metaphor. In the current study, we investigated the ability to recognize relational similarities by testing five species of great apes, including human children in a spatial task. We found that all species performed better if related elements are connected by logico-causal as opposed to non-causal relations. Further, we find that only children above 4 years of age, bonobos and chimpanzees, unlike younger children, gorillas and orangutans display some mastery of reasoning by non-causal relational similarity. We conclude that recognizing relational similarity is not in its entirety unique to the human species. The lack of a capability for language does not prohibit recognition of simple relational similarities. The data are discussed in the light of the phylogenetic tree of relatedness of the great apes. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Conflict-Induced Forced CEO Turnovers and Firm Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine operational and stock performance changes around forced CEO turnovers caused by conflicts between corporate boards and CEOs over the strategic direction of the firm. In addition, the authors investigate whether changes in performance can be explained by board, CEO, or firm characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply propensity score matching to choose matching firms that do not forced CEO turnover but have similar characteristics with the sample firms. The authors compare their operating and stock performances. The authors apply both univariate analysis and multivariate regression analyses. Findings The authors find that the CEO turnovers caused by conflicts between corporate boards and CEOs over the strategic direction of the firms tend to be preceded by significant declines in a firm’s operating and stock performance and that corporate performance improves after turnovers. In addition, the authors find that an increase in long-term incentives and firm size and a decrease in turnover improve firm performance. Originality/value While the existing corporate governance literature emphasizes oversight as the main role of the board of directors and identifies the CEO as the leader who sets the strategic direction of the firm, in cases of conflict-induced forced CEO turnover, it is the board that sets the strategic direction. This paper is the first to provide evidence regarding the implications of conflict-induced forced CEO turnovers.
3D modeling of high temperature superconducting hysteresis motor using COMSOL multiphysics

This paper presents 3D modeling of hysteresis motor with high temperature superconducting material in the rotor using Finite Element based solver software COMSOL Multiphysics. Due to the anisotropic property of HTS material, magnetic flux distributions are non-uniform in different axes. Therefore, analysis of HTS hysteresis motor using two dimensional modeling cannot provide high degree of accuracy. Thus, three dimensional modeling is developed for more accurate, precise and realistic results. The magnetic fields around and inside the motor can be computed accurately with the help of proposed three dimensional modeling of motor. To improve the performance in comparison of conventional hysteresis motors such type of motors are developed. The measured parameters are compared with the experimental results. Simulations are done with the help of MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics software.
Impact of Dividend Changes on the Indian Corporate Bond Market: Signaling Effects

Corporate bond market is an important segment of financial market in terms of funds raised as well as potential for future growth though is sparsely researched. One of the two propositions on impact of dividend changes is signaling hypothesis (Bhattacharya, 1979) which suggests a positive effect on bond prices, on an announcement of dividend increase; whereas the other one is wealth transfer hypothesis (Handjinicolaou and Kalay, 1984) which proposes a negative impact on bond prices due to extortion of wealth from bond holders. By studying the impact of dividend policy decisions on Indian corporate bond prices, the paper examines these hypotheses and contributes to the literature on payout policy. Dividend increase and decrease announcements of 5% or more during a period of 5 years from year 1997-98 to 2001-02 have been identified and abnormal returns for bonds and stocks are computed. The analysis shows that abnormal bond and stock returns are positive and are statistically significant in the event-month in case of dividend increase. It is concluded that signaling hypothesis is found to hold in Indian corporate bond market.
Digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and antioxidant status in ewes supplemented with DL‐methionine or hydroxy‐4 (methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester

The effects of supplementing ewe diets with either DL-methionine (DL-Met) or 2-hydroxy-4 (methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi) were investigated on ruminal in situ degradability of grain and forage diets, in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and antioxidant status. Six ruminally cannulated ewes were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-day periods. The dietary treatments were as follows: (i) no supplemental Met (control; CON), (ii) DL-Met at 1.2 g/kg DM intake and (iii) HMBi at 1.8 g/kg dry matter (DM) intake. Corn grain, barley grain and alfalfa hay were evaluated for their ruminal degradability by both in situ incubation and effective degradability measurements of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). Compared to other treatments, HMBi supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and NDF and also tended (p = 0.08) to increase the digestibility of DM and ADF. Moreover, HMBi supplementation increased (p < 0.01) total VFA concentrations, the molar proportions of valerate and iso-butyrate in the rumen. Compared to the CON treatment, DL-Met and HMBi treatments tended (p = 0.08) to increase the molar proportion of acetate but decreased (p < 0.05) ruminal ammonia-N concentration. Ewes supplemented with HMBi and DL-Met recorded greater (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase than the CON treatment. Serum concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein were greater (p < 0.01) and serum urea nitrogen (p < 0.05), malonyl dialdehyde and triglyceride were lower (p < 0.02) in the HMBi and DL-Met animals than in the CON ewes. The results concluded that HMBi is a very effective form of dietary Met supplementation for ewes with a positive effect on digestion, rumen fermentation and serum antioxidant function.
Manic‐depressive psychosis in children younger than 15 years: a register‐based investigation of 39 cases in Denmark

Using a nationwide psychiatric case register covering a background population of 5.1 million inhabitants. 39 children (23 boys, 16 girls) were identified who got the diagnosis of manic‐depressive psychosis between 1970 and 1986 before the age of 15. The frequency of manic‐depressive psychosis in this child psychiatric population was 1.2%. The mean age for first‐time admission with this diagnosis was 12.7 years. There was no sex difference. Twenty‐six of the children got the diagnosis of manic‐depressive psychosis during their first admission. Survival analysis was used to describe the prognosis and the diagnostic development of the group. As a whole, the group had a poor prognosis with many readmissions. The most common differential diagnoses were other types of psychosis in boys and oppositional and emotional disorders in girls.
Brand orientation and the voices from within

Abstract This work adds to the brand orientation literature by showing that while brand strategies may sometimes be aspirational, multiple identities exist which may either challenge or support a brand. In this place branding study, in-depth interviews of local residents reveal the existence of multiple place identities as well as how these identities relate to a place brand strategy. A framework is provided which illustrates how longitudinal identity studies can be a useful way to assess changes to place identities and the internal effectiveness of brand implementation. It is proposed that the functional communication-based research approach together with the novel framework developed in this study has relevance to the brand orientation of corporations, as it does for places.
Expression Profiles of mRNAs for Osteoblast and Osteoclast Proteins as Indicators of Bone Loss in Mouse Immobilization Osteopenia Model

An experimental mouse model for disuse osteopenia was developed using unilateral cast immobilization. Analysis of the distal femurs and proximal tibias by quantitative histomorphometry revealed significant osteopenia within 10–21 days of immobilization. At 3 weeks, bone loss was also demonstrated with peripheral quantitative computed tomography as diminished bone mineral content and as concomitant reduction in the cross‐sectional moment of inertia. These structural and geometrical alterations resulted in decreased strength of the distal femurs tested by cantilever bending. Analysis of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone loss revealed a rapid increase in bone resorption within 3 days of immobilization. The mRNA levels for cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase were all significantly increased during the 21‐day immobilization period, but with different expression profiles. These increases were paralleled by an increased number of osteoclasts as measured by histomorphometry. By day 6 of immobilization, the balance of bone turnover was further shifted toward net bone loss as the mRNA levels for major bone components (type I collagen and osteocalcin) were decreased. In histomorphometric analysis this was observed as reduced rates of mineral apposition and bone formation after 10 days of immobilization. The results of this study demonstrate that immobilization has a dual negative effect on bone turnover involving both depressed bone formation and enhanced bone resorption.
Environmental and animal welfare issues in food choice

Purpose – The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether welfare issues are important to consumers also relating to fish. Second, it aims to identify segments based on animal and fish welfare issues, environmental concerns and ambivalence about farmed fish.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was designed to investigate consumers' concern for environmental and animal and fish welfare issues together with variables used in profiling segments in the study. The measurement scales used here are adapted from validated scales in previous studies. The survey was conducted in Valencia, Spain, among 450 randomly‐chosen respondents.Findings – Animal welfare issues related to farmed fish do not seem to be important for the consumers in Valencia. There are, however, differences among the consumers relating to general environmental and animal welfare concern, and ambivalence. Three segments were identified: the unconcerned (27 per cent), the wild fish concerned (34.5 per cent) and the ambivalent .
Effectiveness of a participatory ergonomics intervention in improving communication and psychosocial exposures

A participatory ergonomics programme was implemented in an automotive parts manufacturing factory in which an ergonomics change team was formed, composed of members from management, the organized labour union and the research team. It was hypothesized that the participatory nature of this change process would result in enhanced worker perceptions of workplace communication dynamics, decision latitude and influence, which in conjunction with anticipated mechanical exposure reductions would lead to reduced worker pain severity. Utilizing a sister plant in the corporation as a referent group, a quasi-experimental design was employed with a longitudinal, repeat questionnaire approach to document pre-post intervention changes. Nine participatory activities (psychosocial interventions) were implemented as part of the process. Communication dynamics regarding ergonomics were significantly enhanced at the intervention plant compared to the referent plant. However, there were no significantly different changes in worker perceptions of decision latitude or influence between the two plants, nor did pain severity change. Possible explanations for these results include limited intervention intensity, context and co-intervention differences between the two plants, high plant turnover reducing the statistical power of the study and lack of sensitivity and specificity in the psychosocial measures used. Further research should include the development of psychosocial tools more specific to participatory ergonomic interventions and the assessment of the extent of change in psychosocial factors that might be associated with improvements in pain.
Moderating effect of age and gender on consumer style inventory in predicting Indian consumers’ local retailer loyalty

Consumers’ outshopping behaviour affects the local retailer performance and profits. The current research examines the influence of age, gender and consumer style inventory (CSI) on Indian consumers’ local retailer loyalty. The findings suggest CSI cannot be applicable in Indian conditions, and only three decision styles – quality conscious, brand conscious and utilitarian conscious – emerge as significant. Local retailer loyalty behaviour was classified under convenience and relationship. Age and gender have a moderating influence on CSI in predicting Indian consumers’ local retailer loyalty. The brand conscious and utilitarian conscious consumers are more loyal to local retailers. Young and female consumers preferred to shop from the local retailers.
Potentiation and depression of the M wave in human biceps brachii.

1. The effects of repeated excitation on the compound action potential, or M wave, of mammalian muscle fibres have been investigated in the human biceps brachii. 2. During continuous indirect stimulation at 10 and 20 Hz the mean voltage‐time area of the M wave doubled within the first minute, while the mean peak‐to‐peak amplitude increased by approximately half. The enlargement of the M wave was sustained during stimulation at 10 Hz but not at 20 Hz. Stimulation at 3 Hz caused a small increase which was significant for M wave amplitude only. 3. When the 20 Hz stimulation was performed under ischaemic conditions, the M wave first enlarged and then gradually declined. After 20 Hz stimulation was discontinued, the M wave increased in size; in the ischaemic experiments the release of the cuff produced a further, rapid augmentation. In both the ischaemic and non‐ischaemic experiments, the amplitudes and areas of the M waves during the recovery period became significantly larger than the resting values (range, 15‐60% at the endplate zone). 4. The mean muscle fibre impulse conduction velocity decreased to less than half the resting value during 20 Hz stimulation, with or without ischaemia, and then increased above the resting value during recovery. 5. On the basis of previous experiments in animals, the augmentation of the M wave was attributed to enhanced electrogenic Na(+)‐K+ pumping, and the biceps brachii appeared to be an excellent preparation for studying the time course of this enhancement.
Schizophrenia – A Disturbance of Signal Interaction between the Entorhinal Cortex and the Dentate Gyrus? The Contribution of Experimental Dibenamine Psychosis to the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Hypothesis

In addition to the existence of complex memory (similar to the implicit nondeclarative memory of Squire), the existence of a phylogenetically old apparatus of a memory of situations (SMA) is supposed, which is to some extent comparable with the declarative memory of Squire. During actual sensory information the SMA generates a general frame and forms a general ‘mark’, indicating whether a given information has its origin inside or outside the body, and whether it is new or known. The procedure of this marking process can be explained as the time-depending arrest of a copy of the actual original information-transporting signal ‘shower’; this copy must last until the feedback from thalamocortical centers indicates the termination of the processing of the original signal showers. The arrest of the shower copies is the performance of neuronal networks of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the gyrus dentatus (GD). The psychopathological and biochemical analyses of experimental dibenamine psychosis show a different effect of dibenamine on the noradrenaline (NA) receptors of the EC and GD, respectively: these effects are responsible for the repeated perception cycles of a single situation. N,N-Dibencylamine blocks the postsynaptic α1-receptors of the EC without influencing the β-receptors of the GD. Thus the interaction between EC and GD is changed: instead of new scenes, perceptions that have just been experienced get repeated presence and the quality of familiarity. The prolonged arrest of shower copies simultaneously blocks the entrance of new signal showers from the EC to the GD. No information-transporting signal showers can come in as long as the arrest lasts. In case of a disturbance in NA-dependent actions within the EC and the GD, the duration of arrest of information-transporting signal showers is shortened. Thus the formal frame of experience receives the quality of novelty instead of familiarity, and in addition the qualities of uncertainty, vagueness, and alienity. These very changes in perception and experience represent the basic disturbance of schizophrenia. All the symptoms of schizophrenia may be explained by this basic disturbance. The analysis of biochemical aspects turns attention to the energetic situation of NA and N-methly-d-aspartate systems. These considerations suggest a genetic background of the basic disturbance of schizophrenia: transmitter effects on membranes of neurons and possibly also on glial cells, and energy supply of these effects may be predetermined genetically. It may be assumed that the compensation of such membrane-dependent disturbances will be possible within wide areas of the neural network, except for the ‘bottleneck’ of the overlapping region of the iso- and allocortex.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUALITY OF MANAGEMENT FORECASTS OF EARNINGS AND QUALITY OF EARNINGS IN LISTED COMPANIES IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE

Investors and financial analysts, regarded profit as one of the main criteria evaluating companies and tend to measure their company's future profitability to hold or sell their shares to make decisions; therefore profits expected, to judge the condition of a company. Considering that accurate predictions and timely, improve decision making by users of accounting reports. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between qualities predicts management of earnings and quality of earnings in the company has listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. 164 companies over the 2010-2014, including the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been tested. The findings suggest that there is a significant correlation between the management of earnings prediction accuracy and quality of earnings.
Determinants of Stringent Corporate Governance: Evidence from Companies Selected in the Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance

In Indonesia, corporate governance becomes increasingly important after the financial crisis. There are several regulations relating to the implementation of good corporate governance both issued by Bank Indonesia (BI), the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and the decree of the Minister of State Owned Enterprises. There is also a non-governmental organization that every year made the corporate governance practices index of public companies, namely The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG). This study investigates the determinants of stringent corporate governance at firm level among Indonesian listed companies, in order to identify the firm characteristics that are associated with the probability of stringent of the firm's corporate governance implementation. This study is based of 93 firms as sample and firms listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange and include in IICG in 2008-2012. The analysis method used logistic regression model. The dependent is a dummy variable of corporate governance, which is one if firm has stringent corporate governance and zero otherwise. The result show that profitability, leverage, firm size and institutional ownership effect positively on the probability of stringent corporate governance implementation. The business risk and sales growth effect negatively on the probability of stringent corporate governance implementation. The type of industry has no effect on the probability of stringent corporate governance implementation.
Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism

Preface ix CHAPTER ONE The Economic Impact of Islamism 1 CHAPTER TWO Islamic Economics and the Islamic Subeconomy 38 CHAPTER THREE Islamism and Economics: Policy Prescriptions for a Free Society 55 CHAPTER FOUR The Genesis of Islamic Economics: A Chapter in the Politics of Muslim Identity 82 CHAPTER FIVE The Notion of Economic Justice in Contemporary Islamic Thought 103 CHAPTER SIX Islam and Underdevelopment: An Old Puzzle Revisited 121 Notes 149 References 169 Index 189