Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Provider-Focused Intervention Increases Adherence-Related Dialogue but Does Not Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Persons With HIV

Background:Physicians' limited knowledge of patients' antiretroviral adherence may reduce their ability to perform effective adherence counseling. Methods:We conducted a randomized, cross-over study of an intervention to improve physicians' knowledge of patients' antiretroviral adherence. The intervention was a report given to the physician before a routine office visit that included data on Medication Event Monitoring System and self-reported data on antiretroviral adherence, patients' beliefs about antiretroviral therapy, reasons for missed doses, alcohol and drug use, and depression. We audio recorded 1 intervention and 1 control visit for each patient to analyze differences in adherence-related dialogue. Results:One hundred fifty-six patients were randomized, and 106 completed all 5 study visits. Paired audio recorded visits were available for 58 patients. Using a linear regression model that adjusted for site and baseline Medication Event Monitoring System adherence, adherence after intervention visits did not differ significantly from control visits (2.0% higher, P = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: −1.95% to 5.9%). There was a trend toward more total adherence-related utterances (median of 76 vs. 49.5, P = 0.07) and a significant increase in utterances about the current regimen (median of 51.5 vs. 32.5, P = 0.0002) in intervention compared with control visits. However, less than 10% of adherence-related utterances were classified as “problem solving” in content, and one third of physicians' problem-solving utterances were directive in nature. Conclusions:Receipt of a detailed report before clinic visits containing data about adherence and other factors did not improve patients' antiretroviral adherence. Analyses of patient-provider dialogue suggests that providers who care for persons with HIV may benefit from training in adherence counseling techniques.
The archaeological contribution to nineteenth‐century history: Some Australian case studies

Abstract The special characteristics of historical archaeology in Australia are outlined, being the consequences of growth in the colony only after the industrial revolution had already begun in the home country. There was little local craft tradition, and the sporadic nature of small industrial projects in nineteenth‐century New South Wales is illustrated here by the shortlived pottery enterprise of the pioneer settler James King at Irrawang, 1833–55. Other sites described are the aboriginal settlement at Wybalenna, on Flinders Island, dating to the 1830s, and the gold‐rush town at Hill End, near Bathurst, the main period of activity at which was 1870–2.
A 2 million pixel FIT-CCD image sensor for HDTV camera system

The image area of the frame FIT (frame-interline-transfer)-CCD (charge-coupled-device) image sensor is 14.0 mm (H)*7.9 mm (V), the effective number of pixels is 1920 (H)*1036 (V) and the unit cell size of a pixel is 7.3 mu m (H)*7.6 mu m (V). These specifications are for the high-definition-television (HDTV) format. The horizontal shift register consists of dual-channel, two-phase CCDs driven by a 37.125-MHz clock pulse. The readout phase of each channel is the same, which allows the reset gate of each channel to be connected together. To adapt to the 74.25-MHz readout frequency, one of the output signals is delayed by 13.47 ns through a sample-hold circuit. To reduce the voltage drop of the vertical shift register (V-CCD) drive pulse along the poly-Si transfer gate, an Al wire is put onto the transfer gate and interconnected to decrease the resistance. This Al wire works also as a photoshield. In addition, another poly-Si layer placed between the Al wire and the transfer gate prevents potential shift by separating the poly-Si contact of the transfer gate/poly-Si layer, from the Al contact of the poly-Si layer/Al wire. <<ETX>>
Diagnosis of acute leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease and an important public health problem in developing countries. Early diagnosis is essential because antibiotic treatment is most effective when initiated early in the course of the disease. Culture and the microscopic agglutination test are gold standard methods for leptospirosis diagnosis; however, they are not useful for early diagnosis. Current whole cell-based rapid serological tests have low sensitivity for early phase leptospirosis and may have low specificity in highly endemic areas. PCR is demonstrably useful for early diagnosis, but it is unavailable in most developing countries. Thus, diagnostic methods that not only have higher sensitivity and accuracy for early phase leptospirosis but are also widely applicable in developing countries remain to be developed. The availability of genome sequences and genetic tools of Leptospira spp. will accelerate our understanding of Leptospira pathogenesis and provide insights into the development of more efficient and accurate diagnostic tests for acute-phase leptospirosis.
Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years.

OBJECTIVE To study the longitudinal changes in 19 soft tissue cephalometric traits (according to the Bergman cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cephalograms and photographs of 40 subjects (20 male, 20 female, from the Burlington Growth Centre) that were obtained at ages 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years were used. Subjects were orthodontically untreated whites and had Class I dentoskeletal relationships (ideal overjet and overbite). Images were obtained with the lips in a relaxed position or lightly touching. RESULTS Three groups of soft tissue traits were identified: (1) traits that increased in size with growth (nasal projection, lower face height, chin projection, chin-throat length, upper and lower lip thickness, upper lip length, and lower lip-chin length); (2) traits that decreased in size with growth (interlabial gap and mandibular sulcus contour [only in females]); and (3) traits that remained relatively constant during growth (facial profile angle, nasolabial angle, lower face percentage, chin-throat/lower face height percentage, lower face-throat angle, upper incisor exposure, maxillary sulcus contour, and upper and lower lip protrusion). CONCLUSION Current findings identify areas of growth and change in individuals with Class I skeletal and dental relationships with ideal overjet and overbite and should be considered during treatment planning of orthodontic and orthognathic patients.
Visceral Influences on Risk-Taking Behavior.

Visceral cues indicating proximity to objects of desire can lead people to be disproportionately influenced by the anticipated rewards of immediate gratification rather than the risks of consummatory behavior. Two studies examined this hypothesis. In Study 1, participants were given the choice of playing a game in which they risked time in the lab to win chocolate chip cookies. Participants who could see and smell the cookies while they made their decision were less sensitive to risk information than were participants for whom the cookies were merely described. In Study 2, male condom users either saw a video or read a description depicting a young couple deciding whether to have sex without a condom. Participants seeing the video expressed a greater likelihood of having unprotected sex in the situation than did participants reading the description. The underappreciated role of visceral factors in social cognition theory and research is discussed. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparação do desempenho funcional de crianças com visão subnormal e crianças com desenvolvimento normal aos 2 e 6 anos de idade

A visao e um sentido fundamental para o ser humano, pois fornece informacoes diferenciadas de outros sentidos. Existe uma associacao entre visao e desenvolvimento, de forma que a reducao das capacidades visuais pode comprometer a funcionalidade e a independencia, bem como certas areas do desenvolvimento infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a funcionalidade de criancas com visao subnormal e criancas com desenvolvimento normal nas idades de dois e seis anos. Neste estudo transversal foram avaliadas 30 criancas, sendo 14 com dois anos e 16 com seis anos. Elas foram subdivididas em dois grupos, criancas com desenvolvimento normal e criancas com visao subnormal e avaliadas com o teste Inventario de Avaliacao Pediatrica de Incapacidade (PEDI). Foi feito equivalencia entre os grupos de acordo com o sexo e nivel socioeconomico da familia. Os resultados sugerem que criancas de dois anos de idade com visao subnormal apresentam menor repertorio de habilidade de autocuidado e de mobilidade e necessitam de maior assistencia do cuidador, quando comparadas a criancas de mesma idade com desenvolvimento normal. Porem, tais diferencas nao se manifestam aos seis anos, ja que as criancas com visao subnormal apresentaram desempenho inferior na area de autocuidado, mas nao foram observadas diferencas na mobilidade. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para delinear o perfil funcional de criancas com visao subnormal, indicando as areas que necessitam ser priorizadas nas acoes terapeuticas, direcionando o processo de intervencao.
Center for Analytical Finance University of California , Santa Cruz Working Paper No . 39 Does competition affect truth-telling ? An experiment with rating agencies

We use an experimental approach to study the effect of market structure on the incidence of misreporting by credit rating agencies. In the game, agencies receive a signal regarding the type of asset held by the seller and issue a report. The sellers then present the asset, with the report if one is solicited, to the buyer for purchase. We find that competition among rating agencies significantly reduces the likelihood of misreporting.
Advanced Remedial Methods for Metals and Radionuclides in Vadose Zone Environments

Functionally, the methods for addressing contamination must remove and/or reduce transport or toxicity of contaminants. This problem is particularly challenging in arid environments where the vadose zone can be up to hundreds of feet thick, rendering transitional excavation methods exceedingly costly and ineffective. Delivery of remedial amendments is one of the most challenging and critical aspects for all remedy-based approaches. The conventional approach for delivery is through injection of aqueous remedial solutions. However, heterogeneous vadose zone environments present hydrologic and geochemical challenges that limit the effectiveness. Because the flow of solution infiltration is dominantly controlled by gravity and suction, injected liquid preferentially percolates through highly permeable pathways, by-passing low-permeability zones which frequently contain the majority of the contamination. Moreover, the wetting front can readily mobilize and enhance contaminant transport to underlying aquifers prior to stabilization. Development of innovative, in-situ technologies may be the only way to meet remedial action objectives and long-term stewardship goals. Shear-thinning fluids (i.e., surfactants) can be used to lower the liquid surface tension and create stabile foams, which readily penetrate low permeability zones. Although surfactant foams have been utilized for subsurface mobilization efforts in the oil and gas industry, so far, the concept of using foams as a delivery mechanism for transporting reactive remedial amendments into deep vadose zone environments to stabilize metal and long-lived radionuclide contaminants has not been explored. Foam flow can be directed by pressure gradients, rather than being dominated by gravity; and, foam delivery mechanisms limit the volume of water (< 20% vol.) required for remedy delivery and emplacement, thus mitigating contaminant mobilization. We will present the results of a numerical modeling and integrated laboratory-/intermediate-scale investigation to simulate, develop, demonstrate, and monitor (i.e. advanced geophysical techniques and advanced predictive microbial markers) foam-based delivery of remedial amendments to remediate metals and radionuclides in vadose zone environments.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Co-construction and Deconstruction of Poverty on Serbian News Websites

Users’ comments posted on the news websites of traditional media organisations still pertain to asymmetric relations between producers of mainstream news and interactive audiences. Yet, when structurally positioned on a website interface to immediately follow the news, users’ comments are user-generated content most directly linked to journalists’ stories and they constitute discursive space in which mass media representations of the world are legitimised, negotiated and contested. The aim of this study is to examine these relations between mainstream news discourses and the discourses of users’ comments about the specific societal issue – poverty. By adopting methods of critical discourse analysis performed on 121 news stories about poverty and corresponding users’ comments posted on the two most popular news websites in Serbia B92.net and Blic.rs, the article reveals how the two media construct poverty and social exclusion, and how users in the comments contest these discursive constructions. The results show that there is a significant level of contestation and that the most contested aspects of news stories are boundaries of poverty, legitimacy of sources and attribution of responsibility.
How do race and Hispanic ethnicity affect nursing home admission? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.

OBJECTIVES This study investigates how health- and disability-based need factors and enabling factors (e.g., socioeconomic and family-based resources) relate to nursing home admission among 3 different racial and ethnic groups. METHOD We use Cox proportional hazard models to estimate differences in nursing home admission for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics from 1998 to 2010 in the Health and Retirement Study (N = 18,952). RESULTS Racial-ethnic differences in nursing home admission are magnified after controlling for health- and disability-based need factors and enabling factors. Additionally, the degree to which specific factors contribute to risk of nursing home admission varies significantly across racial-ethnic groups. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that substantial racial and ethnic variations in nursing home admission continue to exist and that Hispanic use is particularly low. We argue that these differences may demonstrate a significant underuse of nursing homes for racial and ethnic minorities. Alternatively, they could signify different preferences for nursing home care, perhaps due to unmeasured cultural factors or structural obstacles.
The HD Mutation Does Not Alter Neuronal Death in the Striatum of HdhQ92
 Knock-in Mice after Mild Focal Ischemia

Huntington's disease, with its dominant loss of striatal neurons, is triggered by an expanded glutamine tract in huntingtin. To investigate a proposed role for increased activation of the apoptotic cascade in mutant huntingtin's trigger mechanism, we examined huntingtin cleavage and lesion severity after mild ischemic injury in Hdh(Q92) mice. We found activation of calpain and caspase proteases and proteolysis of huntingtin in lesioned striatum. However, huntingtin fragments resembled products of calpain I, not caspase-3, cleavage and turnover was accompanied by augmented levels of full-length normal and mutant protein. By contrast, the number of apoptotic cells, total and striatal infarct size, and degree of neurologic deficit were similar in Hdh(Q92) and wild-type mice, indicating that the disease process neither strongly protected nor sensitized striatal neurons to apoptotic death. Thus, our findings do not support a role for increased apoptosis or caspase-3 cleavage in the mechanism by which mutant huntingtin triggers disease. However, they suggest that calpain activation and huntingtin regulation merit investigation as modifiers of disease progression in neurons injured by the harmful consequences of full-length mutant huntingtin.
Identification of appropriate responsibilities and positions for business process management success: Seeking a valid and reliable framework

Purpose – Identifying appropriate responsibilities and positions needed for successful business process management (BPM) initiatives has become a challenge. Past research efforts have been based on homogenous small samples. The purpose of this paper is to validate a BPM position and responsibility framework among a larger BPM community, by measuring the framework's validity, reliability, and level of agreement among BPM professionals.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of 111 BPM practitioners (19 percent outside of the USA), representing 98 different organizations (primarily in business services, manufacturing, public administration, and finance), was conducted to measure the construct validity and reliability of an existing BPM position and responsibility framework.Findings – The results indicate that the BPM responsibilities possess adequate reliability, and that the framework demonstrates excellent convergent and discriminant validity. BPM professionals indicated significant agreement with the four.
The Transcriptional Regulator BBX 19 Promotes Hypocotyl Growth by Facilitating COP 1-Mediated EARLY FLOWERING 3 Degradation in Arabidopsis

Hypocotyl elongation is a highly coordinated physiological response regulated by myriad internal and external cues. Here, we show that BBX19, a transcriptional regulator with two B-box motifs, is a positive regulator of growth; diminished BBX19 expression by RNA interference reduces hypocotyl length, and its constitutive expression promotes growth. This function of BBX19 is dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5. BBX19 is nucleus-colocalized and interacts physically with COP1 and ELF3, a component of the evening complex that represses the expression of PIF4 and PIF5. Moreover, ELF3 protein abundance inversely correlates with BBX19 expression levels in a COP1-dependent manner. By contrast, PIF expression, coinciding with the initiation of hypocotyl growth in the early evening, is positively correlated with the BBX19 transcript abundance. These results collectively establish BBX19 as an adaptor that binds to and recruits ELF3 for degradation by COP1 and, as such, dynamically gates the formation of the evening complex, resulting in derepression of PIF4/5. This finding refines our perspective on how plants grow by providing a molecular link between COP1, ELF3, and PIF4/5 as an underlying mechanism of photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Self‐administered subcutaneous human menopausal gonadotrophin for the stimulation of testicular growth and the initiation of spermatogenesis in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

OBJECTIVE We determined whether or not self‐administered subcutaneous human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) therapy is safe and effective in the stimulation of testicular growth and initiation of spermatogenesis In men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism where human chorionic gonadotrophin alone had failed.
Intestinal protozoa in HIV-infected patients in Apulia, South Italy

Protozoa are important enteric pathogens in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this study the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in 154 HIV-infected patients, with or without diarrhoea, in our region (Apulia, South Italy) was evaluated between December 1993 and February 1998. In the majority of patients CD4+ T cell count was below 200/μl. The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoa was 43/154 (27·92%). Twenty-eight (43·08%) out of 65 patients with diarrhoea and 15 (16·85%) out of 89 non-diarrhoeic patients were parasitized. In particular, in the group of 65 patients with diarrhoea the following protozoa were identified: Cryptosporidium parvum in 14 (21·54%), Blastocystis hominis in 7 (10·77%), microsporidia in 6 (9·23%), Giardia lamblia in 4 (6·15%) and Isospora belli in 1 (1·54%). Three patients were Cryptosporidium parvum-microsporidia co-infected. In patients without intestinal symptoms, prevalence was 3/89 (3·37%) for Cryptosporidium parvum, 9/89 (10·11%) for Blastocystis hominis, 1/89 (1·12%) for microsporidia and 2/89 (2·25%) for Giardia lamblia. A significant (P<0·001) correlation was observed between protozoan infection and the presence of diarrhoea. In particular, Cryptosporidium parvum and microsporidia infections were significantly (P<0·001) and P=0·046, respectively) associated with diarrhoeal illness. Moreover, the majority of cases of cryptosporidiosis were first diagnosed in the periods of heaviest rainfall. Therefore, drinking water contamination may be a possible source of human infection in our area.
Laboratory and field evaluation of selective media for isolation of group B streptococci

Problems encountered with currently recommended selective media for group B streptococci (GBS) (selective broth medium and CNA agar) prompted a searach for alternative culture methods in ongoing epidemiological studies. Previously recommended inhibitory agents were tested in vitro. Gentamicin, alone or in combination with nalidixic acid, proved inhibitory for many GBS strains. Among other agents tested, polymyxin was most complementary to the gram-negative spectrum of nalidixic acid, without compromising GBS growth. Crystal violet provided the simplest, most economical staphylococcal inhibitor. Broth and agar media, constituted with these three agents and designated NPC, were evaluated in vitro and in field studies. This investigation represents the first direct comparison of broth media containing inhibitory agents for the preferential isolation of GBS. In maternal colonization studies, NPC broth proved superior to Todd-Hewitt broth containing nalidixic acid and gentamicin at concentrations employed in the previously described selective broth medium (95% versus 59% recovery). Our comparisons were done without added sheep blood since GBS grow well in Todd-Hewitt broth. NPC broth proved more sensitive than NPC agar for detecting GBS colonization in newborns. The NPC agar medium was useful for further purification of broth cultures and quantitative culture techniques.
Antidiabetic Activities of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill. Essential Oil in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Antidiabetic Activities of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill. Essential Oil in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Background:Foeniculum vulgare Mill (F. Apiaceae) is an ancient common herb and spice known to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks, traditionally used as a carminative, a weak diuretic and lactation stimulant. Aim: To evaluate the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill for its hypoglycaemic effect and antioxidant activity in addition to histopathological study in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Rats were divided into 3 groups; normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic group receiving orally Foeniculum vulgare Mill essential oil (30 mg/kg bw). The dose of essential oil was chosen according to its LD50. Serum glucose and whole blood glutathione peroxidase were measured in addition to histopathological study of rats kidney and pancreas. Results: Ingestion of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill to diabetic rats corrected the hyperglycemia from (162.5 ± 3.19 mg/dl) to (81.97 ± 1.97 mg/dl) with p<0.05 and the activity of serum glutathione peroxidase from (59.72 ± 2.78 U/g Hb) to (99.60 ± 6.38 U/g Hb) with p<0.05. Also, improved the pathological changes noticed in their kidney and pancreas. Conclusion: Essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill corrected the hyperglycemia and pathological abnormalities in diabetic induced rats, which could be in part through its antioxidative effect and restoring of redox homeostasis. This makes the possibility of its inclusion in antidiabetic drug industry.