Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of an Immediate‐Release Oral Formulation of Fampridine (4‐Aminopyridine) in Normal Subjects and Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Plasma concentration profiles of the K+ channel‐blocking compound Fampridine were obtained from (1) control subjects (n = 6) following oral administration of doses of 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg and (2) patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) (n = 11) following a single oral dose of 10 mg of an immediate‐release formulation. Plasma concentrations were determined using a reversed‐phase ion‐pair high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with ultraviolet light detection employing liquid extraction. The drug was rapidly absorbed with a tmax ∼1 hour for both groups; tmax was independent of dose. Cmax and AUC0‐∞ were linearly related to dose, and t1/2 was 3 to 4 hours for both groups. There were no obvious differences in the (10‐mg) plasma concentration profiles between control subjects and SCI patients. The drug was well tolerated, with only mild and transient side effects of light‐headedness, dysesthesias, and dizziness.
FLUKTUASI DAN DISPARITAS HARGA CABAI DI INDONESIA

Harga bahan makanan yang stabil merupakan harapan masyarakat. Cabai termasuk salah satu bahan pangan yang mempunyai harga sangat berfluktuasi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fluktuasi harga antar waktu dan disparitas harga antar wilayah. Data yang digunakan adalah data harga cabai harian dari Kementerian Perdagangan pada Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2015. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terjadi fluktuasi harga pada periode tersebut. Kenaikan harga tertinggi terjadi pada Desember 2014 dan harga terendah terjadi pada bulan Juli - Agustus 2011. Fluktuasi tersebut disebabkan waktu tanam cabai yang sangat dipengaruhi cuaca. Harga cabai merah besar dan cabai merah keriting sudah relatif lebih stabil. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang dapat disampaikan adalah pemerintah perlu mengembangkan penanaman cabai di luar musim ( off season ), pengaturan penanaman cabai dan mengembangkan kemitraan antara petani dan industri. Selain itu juga mendorong tumbuhnya sentra-sentra produksi cabai di luar Jawa dan menyediakan infrastruktur yang baik untuk distribusi.
Comparison of Coronary CT Angiography and Stress/Rest Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging in a Chinese Population

IntroductionThe relationship between luminal stenosis measured by coronary CT angiography and stress-induced ischemia by SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging is not clearly defined. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between stenosis severity by coronary CT angiography and abnormal SPECT finding and to explore the impact of clinical factors on this relationship. Patients and MethodsSeven hundred six consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease between January 2008 and October 2010 were prospectively enrolled. ResultsSPECT revealed 348 reversible and 58 fixed defects in 91 patients. Coronary CT angiography revealed that 339 patients had a maximal luminal stenosis 50% or greater. Total coronary artery calcium score was calculated in 428 patients, including 193 without calcification as well as 128 with mild, 59 with moderate, and 48 with severe-to-extensive calcification. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) of coronary CT angiography for detecting abnormal SPECT finding were, respectively, 48.4%, 90.4%, 42.7%, and 92.2% on a patients’ level and 40.2%, 95.6%, 33.6%, and 96.6% on vascular level when cutoff value of stenosis was set at 75%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the best cutoff value of stenosis for detecting abnormal SPECT finding was 55% on patients’ level and 43% on vascular level. Patients with severe-to-extensive calcification had lowest specificity (56.3%) and NPV (69.2%). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of coronary CT angiography were not affected by any clinical factors (P = nonsignificant), whereas the specificity was higher in female patients, population younger than 60 years, and population without hypertension or family history of coronary artery disease (P < 0.05), and the NPV was higher among female patients and population without hypertension (P < 0.05). ConclusionsCoronary CT angiography has good agreement with stress/rest myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. Coronary calcification and several clinical factors could affect the specificity and NPV of coronary CT angiography for detecting abnormal SPECT finding.
Cloning and expression analysis of retinoic acid receptors in the zebra finch brain

The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid is produced postembryonically in discrete portions of the songbird brain, including some of the nuclei involved in song production and song learning, and its synthesis is required for the normal maturation of song behavior. To identify the brain targets for retinoic acid action, we cloned the zebra finch homologs of the α, β, and γ classes of retinoic acid receptors (RARs). In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the mRNAs for all three RARs are expressed at different levels in several brain areas, with a broader distribution than the mRNA for retinaldehyde‐specific aldehyde dehydrogenase (zRalDH), a retinoic acid‐synthesizing enzyme. Detectable RAR expression was found in all nuclei of the song control system, with the most marked expression occurring within the striatal song nucleus area X. These observations are consistent with a persistent action of retinoic acid in the postembryonic and adult songbird brain and provide further evidence for an involvement of retinoic acid signaling in the control of learned vocal behavior in a songbird species. They also suggest that the striatum is a major target of retinoic acid in songbirds. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:23–41, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topical aspirin in chloroform and the relief of pain due to herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia.

OBJECTIVE To determine pain patterns and relationships in patients with herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia before and after topical application of aspirin dissolved in chloroform applied to the painful skin surface. DESIGN A consecutive series of 42 patients examined and treated in a uniform manner and followed up until their pain subsided or this management mode failed. SETTING An ambulatory referral private practice. PATIENTS All patients had pain due to herpes zoster or postherpetic neuralgia and were referred for management of severe pain. None refused. INTERVENTION Topical application of crushed aspirin tablets dissolved in chloroform. OUTCOME MEASURES Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS All patients reported substantially decreased pain promptly after treatment, with maximum relief at 20 to 30 minutes and lasting 2 to 4 hours. Patients gradually decreased the use of aspirin in chloroform as pain abated. CONCLUSIONS Topical aspirin dissolved in chloroform is an effective means of reducing pain due to herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in most patients. The locus of pain origin and analgesia induced by topical aspirin is most likely at cutaneous free-nerve ending pain receptors. The mechanism responsible for the analgesic properties of aspirin is probably not the same as that responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Voltage clamp analysis of excitatory synaptic transmission in the avian nucleus magnocellularis.

1. The properties of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) have been studied in neurons of the nucleus magnocellularis (nMAG), one of the avian cochlear nuclei which receive somatic, calyceal innervation from auditory nerve fibres. Whole‐cell patch clamp techniques were used to voltage clamp visually identified neurons in brain slices. 2. EPSCs resulting from activation of single axonal inputs were on average ‐5.3 nA at a driving force of ‐25 mV. Current‐voltage relationships for the peak of the EPSC were linear with a peak conductance of 211 nS. The rate of EPSC decay showed a linear increase with temperature, with a temperature coefficient (Q10) of 2.2 between 25 and 35 degrees C; in vivo (41 degrees C) the EPSC would decay in 0.2 ms. 3. The EPSC was composed of two pharmacologically and kinetically distinct components: an early phase due to non‐NMDA (N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate) receptors and a late phase resulting from NMDA receptors. Both components reversed near 0 mV. While both subtypes of glutamate receptor were activated by transmitter, NMDA receptors had a peak conductance at positive potentials which was only 11% of the peak non‐NMDA receptor component. 4. EPSCs during trains of stimuli exhibited a progressive decrease in amplitude. The extent of depression increased with the frequency of stimulation and was reduced by drugs which prevent receptor desensitization, indicating that, in part, postsynaptic factors limit synaptic strength during repetitive synaptic activity. Additionally, the coefficient of variation of the EPSC amplitude increased during trains, consistent with presynaptic depression. 5. mEPSCs occurred randomly in the presence of tetrodotoxin and presumably correspond to transmitter quanta. These synaptic events rose (10‐90%) within 100 microseconds and decayed with an exponential of 180 microseconds at 29‐32 degrees C. Despite the somatic location of the synapse, mEPSCs varied widely in amplitude, suggesting differences in the quantal synaptic current at each synaptic site. The ratio of the average peak conductance of the EPSC and mEPSC gave an estimated quantal content of 103.
Switching-time limitation in tunable multisection lasers

The impact of the thermal transient on the frequency switching of multisection tunable lasers is studied. A simple thermal model is used to calculate the amplitude and time evolution of the frequency transient due to the thermal properties of both the laser chip and its mount. Transient time constants as large as 200 mu s for the laser chip and several hundred milliseconds for the diode mount are measured, limiting the applicability of these devices to systems where the frequency is switched at low rates. A method to compensate electrically for this transient by means of a passive net work is demonstrated. <<ETX>>
Geometric aspects in a novel plastic optical fiber biosensor system

Cells detection plays a crucial role in clinical specimens analysis and in food and water microbiological quality control. However, current employed methods demand time and material, raising the analysis procedure costs. Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) biosensors consist in a viable alternative for rapid and inexpensive scheme for detection. In this study, a series of optical fiber taper sensors were prepared using a proprietary tapering machine, and the obtained geometric dimensions dispersion is evaluated, aiming to achieve the best tapering characteristics which will provide a better sensor response — in other words, an increased sensitivity.
Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry: Capsular Closing in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI): Results of a Matched-cohort Controlled Study

DANISH HIP ARTHROSCOPY REGISTRY: CAPSULAR CLOSING IN PATIENTS WITH FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT (FAI): RESULTS OF A MATCHED-COHORT CONTROLLED STUDY Bjarne Mygind-Klavsen, Soren Winge, Bent Lund, Torsten Grønbech Nielsen, Niels Henrik Maagaard, Otto Kraemer, Per Holmich, Martin Lind Division of Sportstraumatology, Deptartment of Orthopedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus V, Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark, Horsens, Denmark, Hvidovre, Denmark
Restoration of primary teeth affected by Early Childhood Caries.

AIM This was to review the literature on Early Childhood Caries (ECC) for the approaches to prevention and restoration of affected primary teeth. METHODS The methods are reviewed and suggestions made as the approaches necessary for treating very young children. The special problems associated with the need to restore primary incisors in children with very low levels of cooperation are described. The options are outlined and indications for each approach discussed.
An evaluation of Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes’ self-reported practice of playing while concussed, knowledge about and attitudes towards sports-related concussion

Abstract Background/Aim: Sports-related concussions are now recognized as a major public health concern. However, despite the association of concussion with short- and long-term health consequences, many young athletes still lack basic knowledge about concussion and seem to believe that concussions may be “toughed out” and do not require medical attention. This study assessed self-reported practice of playing in training or a match while concussed among Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes in Ireland aged 13–25 years old (M=19.19, SD=3.54). This study also assessed knowledge about and attitudes towards sports-related concussion in GAA players in Ireland. Methods: Using a self-report questionnaire, data were captured electronically on GAA athletes aged 13–25 years old (n=80) regarding knowledge about the detection, assessment and management of sports-related concussion, as well as participant’s attitudes towards concussion and self-reported practice of playing in training or a match while concussed. Data were collected from June to August 2013. Results: This study revealed that approximately one in four athletes reported having played while concussed in practice or during a match. Males were significantly more likely to play while concussed than females (40.9% and 17.2%, respectively). Results from this study indicated participants lack a complete understanding of concussion, as common misconceptions about concussion prevailed. Analyses revealed that participants generally have safe attitudes towards concussion and concussion management. Conclusion: Generating awareness of the potential short- and long-term health consequences of concussion, coupled with the promotion of safer attitudes towards this injury, could minimize the number of players who return-to-play pre-maturely and promote a more safety-conscious sports culture in Ireland.
Percepción de los profesores sobre la importancia de la psicomotricidad en educación infantil

espanolA traves de este trabajo se pretende conocer el tratamiento que recibe la psicomotricidad en el segundo ciclo de Educacion Infantil a partir de las opiniones manifestadas por los profesores que trabajan en esta etapa educativa en los colegios de la provincia de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. La muestra final esta constituida por 59 maestros que trabajan en dicha etapa de Educacion Infantil y que actualmente estan impartiendo docencia. Se ha tomado como referencia el cuestionario realizado por Martin Dominguez y Rodriguez Sanchez (2010) y el Cuestionario para el Analisis de la Motricidad en Educacion Infantil (C.A.M.E.I) elaborado por Moreno, Lopez, Gutie- rrez, Margarita, y Fernandez (2004). Los resultados muestran la dificultad que tienen los docentes para desempenar su practica psicomotriz debido a la falta de materiales, creen necesario una titulacion oficial para esta profesion aunque se sienten capacitados para ejercerla. EnglishThe aim of this work is to know the treatment that the psychomotricity receive in the the second cycle of Pre-school Education from the views expressed by teachers who work in this stage of education in schools in the province of Las Palmas. The final sample consisted of 59 teachers who work in that stage of the second cycle of Pre-school Education and who are currently teaching. A questionnaire by Martin Dominguez and Rodriguez Sanchez (2010) has been taken as a reference and a questionnaire analysis of motricity in the Preschool Education (C.A.M.E.I: Cuestionario para el Analisis de la Motricidad en Educacion Infantil) developed by Moreno, Lopez, Gutierrez, Margarita and Fernandez (2004). The results proved the difficulty for teachers to perform their psychomotor practice due to the lack of equipment. They believe that is necessary to have an official certificate for this profession although they feel that they are able to put it on practice.
Automatic IPC Encoding and Novelty Tracking for Effective Patent Mining

Accurate classification of patent documents according to the IPC system is vital for the interoperability between different patent offices and for the prior art search task involved in a patent application procedure. It is essential for companies and governments to track changes in technology in order to asses their investments and create new branches of novel solutions. In this paper, we present our experiments from the NTCIR-8 challenge to automate paper abstract classification into the IPC taxonomy and to create a technical trend map from it. We apply the k-NN algorithm in the classification process and manipulate the rank of the nearest neighbours to enhance our results. The technical trend map is created by detecting technologies and their effects passages in paper and patent abstracts. A CRF-based system enriched with handcrafted rules is used to detect technology, effect, attribute and value phrases in the abstracts. Our experiments use multi patent databases for training the system and paper abstracts as well as patent applications for testing purposes, thus characterising a cross database and cross genre task. In the subtask of Research Papers Classification, we achieve a MAP of 0.68, 0.50 and 0.30 for the English and 0.71, 0.50 and 0.30 for the J2E subclass, main group and subgroup classifiers respectively. In the Technical Trend Map Creation subtask, we achieve an F-score of 0.138 when detecting technology/effect elements in patent abstracts and 0.141 in paper abstracts. Our methodology provides competitive results for the state of the art, with the majority of our official runs being ranked within the top two for both trend map (papers) and IPC coding. That said we see room for improvements especially in the detection of technologies and attributes elements in abstracts. Finally, we believe that the subtask of Technical Trend Map Creation needs to be adjusted in order to better produce a patent map. The classification system is available online at http://pingu.unige. ch:8080/IPCCat.
Confronting the Peppercorn Settlement in Merger Litigation: An Empirical Analysis and a Proposal for Reform

Shareholder litigation challenging corporate mergers is ubiquitous, with the likelihood of a shareholder suit exceeding 90%. The value of this litigation, however, is questionable. The vast majority of merger cases settle for nothing more than supplemental disclosures in the merger proxy statement. The attorneys that bring these lawsuits are compensated for their efforts with a court-awarded fee. This leads critics to charge that merger litigation benefits only the lawyers who bring the claims, not the shareholders they represent. In response, defenders of merger litigation argue that the lawsuits serve a useful oversight function and that the improved disclosures that result are beneficial to shareholders.This Article offers a new approach to assessing the value of these claims by empirically testing the relationship between merger litigation and shareholder voting on the merger. If the supplemental disclosures produced by the settlement of merger litigation are valuable, they should affect shareholder voting behavior. Specifically, supplemental disclosures that are, in effect, “compelled” by settlement should produce new and unfavorable information about the merger and lead to a lower percentage of shares voted in favor of it. Applying this hypothesis to a hand-collected sample of 453 large public company mergers from 2005-2012, we find no such effect. We find no significant evidence that disclosure-only settlements affect shareholder voting.These findings warrant a reconsideration of Delaware merger law. Specifically, under current law, supplemental disclosures are viewed by courts as providing a substantial benefit to the shareholder class. In turn, this substantial benefit entitles the plaintiffs’ lawyers to an award of attorneys’ fees. Our evidence suggests that this legal analysis is misguided and that supplemental disclosures do not in fact constitute a substantial benefit. As a result, and in light of the substantial costs generated by public company merger litigation, we argue that courts should reject disclosure settlements as a basis for attorney fee awards.Our approach responds to critiques of merger litigation as excessive and frivolous by reducing the incentive for plaintiffs’ lawyers to bring weak cases, but it would have an additional benefit. Current practice drags state court judges into the task of indirectly promulgating disclosure standards in connection with the approval of fee awards. We argue, instead, for a more efficient specialization between state and federal courts in the regulation of mergers: public company merger disclosure should be policed by the federal securities laws while state corporate law focuses on substantive fairness.
Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification to detect subtelomeric rearrangements in routine diagnostics

Subtelomeric rearrangements are believed to be responsible for 5–7% of idiopathic mental retardation cases. Due to the relative complexity and high cost of the screening methods used till now, only preselected patient populations including mostly the more severely affected cases have been screened. Recently, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) has been adapted for use in subtelomeric screening, and we have incorporated this technique into routine diagnostics of our laboratory. Since the evaluation of MLPA as a screening method, we tested 275 unselected patients with idiopathic mental retardation and detected 12 possible subtelomeric aberrations: a der(11)t(11;20)(qter;qter), a 19pter duplication, a der(18)t(18;10)(qter; pter), a 15qter deletion, a 8pter deletion, a 6qter deletion, a der(X)t(X;1)(pter;qter), a der(X)t(X;3)(pter;pter), a 5qter duplication, a 3pter deletion, and two 3qter duplications. The patients can be subdivided into two groups: the first containing de novo rearrangements that are likely related to the clinical presentation of the patient and the second including aberrations also present in one of the parents that may or may not be causative of the mental retardation. In our patient cohort, five (1.8%) subtelomeric rearrangements were de novo, three (1.1%) rearrangements were familial and suggestively disease causing, and four (1.5%) were possible polymorphisms. This high frequency of subtelomeric abnormalities detected in an unselected population warrants further investigation about the feasibility of routine screening for subtelomeric aberrations in mentally retarded patients.
The Effects of Gender Stereotypic and Counter-Stereotypic Textbook Images on Science Performance

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of gender stereotypic and counter-stereotypic images on male and female high school students' science comprehension and anxiety. We predicted stereotypic images to induce stereotype threat in females and impair science performance. Counter-stereotypic images were predicted to alleviate threat and enhance female performance. Students read one of three chemistry lessons, each containing the same text, with photograph content varied according to stereotype condition. Participants then completed a comprehension test and anxiety measure. Results indicate that female students had higher comprehension after viewing counter-stereotypic images (female scientists) than after viewing stereotypic images (male scientists). Male students had higher comprehension after viewing stereotypic images than after viewing counter-stereotypic images. Implications for alleviating the gender gap in science achievement are discussed.