Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A clinicopathological study of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease

The clinicopathological features of 29 patients with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease are described. The histological appearances are those of a nodular pattern due to thick fibrous bands which encircle areas of abnormal lymphoid tissue in which a particular form of abnormal reticulum cell can be recognized. They can be further subdivided into well differentiated and poorly differentiated types; the median survival time from onset in the well differentiated type was approximately nine years and in the poorly differentiated type two years. The outstanding clinical feature of patients with the well differentiated histological pattern was repeated enlargements of various groups of lymph glands over long periods of time.
Low Spatial Frequency Contrast Sensitivity Deficits in Migraine are not Visual Pathway Selective

Some people who experience migraine demonstrate reduced visual contrast sensitivity that is measurable between migraines. Contrast sensitivity loss to low spatial frequency gratings has been previously attributed to possible impairment of magnocellular pathway function. This study measured contrast sensitivity using low spatial frequency targets (0.25–4 c/deg) where the adaptation aspects of the stimuli were designed to preferentially assess either magnocellular or parvocellular pathway function (steady and pulsed pedestal technique). Twelve people with migraine with measured visual field abnormalities and 17 controls participated. Subjects were tested foveally and at 10° eccentricity. Foveally, there was no significant difference in group mean contrast sensitivity. At 10°, the migraine group demonstrated reduced contrast sensitivity for both the stimuli designed to assess magnocellular and parvocellular function (P < 0.05). The functional deficits measured in this study infer that abnormalities of the low spatial frequency sensitive channels of both pathways contribute to contrast sensitivity deficits in people with migraine.
Vanishing Assets: Cumulative Disadvantage among the Urban Poor

This article attempts to generate a new understanding of economic change and household responses in Mexico. It reflects on the changing conditions of survival and reproduction among the Mexican urban working poor in a socioeconomic context of diminishing income-generating opportunities. The author argues that rising poverty has had serious effects on dimensions (beyond economic) of the lives of the poor—in particular, the erosion of the capacity of the poor to maintain networks of social exchange. The author strongly argues in favor of diachronic analyses of economic transformations and their impact on household dynamics to capture social and family processes that are not fully understood by synchronic views of household life and livelihoods. The diachronic view allowed the author to show the limits of the strategies of survival and the inadequate explanations resulting from views that uncritically assume the endlessness of resources in the hands of the poor.
Antigens on human tumor cells assayed by complement fixation with allogeneic sera.

A well-documented report showed that human tumor cells acquired a new antigen, heterologous membrane antigen (HMAg), from heterologous serum-supplemented media. Cellular cytotoxicity and immune adherence assays that involve human tumor cells grown in fetal calf serum (FCS) have been shown to be influenced by the presence of this antigen on target cells. This report describes the effect of HMAg on the detection of cellular antigens of human tumor cells by human serum antibodies in the complement-fixation assay. FCS and/or partially purified HMAg (P-HMAg) were used as the HMAg source. The P-HMAg was extracted from FCS by 75% ethanol. The cellular antigenic extract was prepared from human osteosarcoma (SA2) cells grown in FCS-supplemented medium by freeze-thaw and ultrasonic extraction. The cellular extract contained HMAg by the immune adherence inhibition assay. Complement fixation detected the incidences of natural antibody to HMAg in 51 of 100 (51%) of sarcoma patients' sera and 32 of 62 (52%) of normal donors' sera ( p = 0.94). Reactivity of sarcoma sera to the FCS-grown SA2 extract was much higher, 54 of 63 (86%), than in normal donors' sera, 18 of 55 (33%) ( p < 0.0001). Some sera reacted to both antigens, while others reacted to P-HMAg but not to the cellular antigens, and vice versa . Quantitative absorption with insolubilized FCS or sheep erythrocytes of the serum samples that reacted to both antigens completely removed antibody activity to P-HMAg or FCS, whereas reactivity against cellular antigens remained unaffected. Antigen extracts prepared from agamma human serum-grown SA2 cells and a biopsied liposarcoma specimen were free of HMAg. Antibody reactivity of the test sera to these antigens was essentially the same as that to the antigens prepared from FCS-grown SA2 cells. There was an almost complete reciprocity of antibody titer to these three antigenic extracts. Therefore it may be inferred that the presence of HMAg on cultured human tumor cells does not influence the results of complement fixation.
Household Consumption, Investment and Life Insurance

This paper develops a continuous-time Markov model for utility optimization of households. The household optimizes expected future utility from consumption by controlling consumption, investments and purchase of life insurance for each person in the household. The optimal controls are investigated in the special case of a two-person household, and we present graphics illustrating how differences between the two persons affect the controls.
The Impact of Auctions on Residential Property Prices

This study assesses whether the sale method in residential real estate markets – auction versus private treaty – is a determinant of sale price. Utilising a larger and richer dataset than previous research, we test for a price effect in auction sales in Sydney and Christchurch. When self‐selection biases are corrected for, using two‐stage hedonic regression analysis and a matched sampling procedure, we find no significant difference between prices of properties sold at auction to those sold by private treaty. This conflicts with the conclusions of previous research in the Australian and New Zealand housing markets, which have documented a price premium associated with auction sales.
Relative Income, Absolute Income and the Life Satisfaction of Older Adults: Do Retirees Differ from the Non‐Retired?

We examine life-satisfaction of older adults using a representative sample of Canadian individuals aged 45+. Our findings confirm a long line of employment relations research on the importance of ‘relational concerns’ in that: (i) income relative to the average for a given person's gender, age, region and marital status (relative income) matters more in improving life satisfaction as a whole than does absolute personal income; (ii) the relationship between relative income and happiness is much stronger for the non-retired than retired persons, likely reflecting the importance of comparisons among peers at the workplace; and (3) absolute personal income does have a small positive relationship with life satisfaction but only for retirees and not for the non-retired.
Incentives and Penalties Related to Earnings Overstatements that Violate GAAP

This paper investigates the incentives and the penalties related to earnings overstatements primarily in firms that are subject to accounting enforcement actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). I find (1) that managers in treatment firms are more likely to sell their holdings and exercise stock appreciation rights in the period when earnings are overstated than are managers in control firms, and (2) that the sales occur at inflated prices. I do not find evidence that earnings overstatement in these firms is motivated by concerns about debt covenant violations or the cost of external financing. The evidence suggests that the monitoring of managers' trading behavior can be informative about the likelihood of earnings overstatement. Many economists believe that insider trading is an efficient method of compensating managers for their efforts. These economists argue that reputation losses would preclude managers from making profitable trades before periods of poor corporate performance. Conse.
Risk factors associated with failure to receive vaccinations.

A major purpose of a state-wide survey to document the vaccination status of 1,003 2-year-old children was to identify factors associated with failure to receive the recommended vaccinations. With a basic series of immunization defined as three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), three oral polio vaccine (OPV), one measles, and one rubella, 72.5% of the children had completed the series. When the completed series was redefined to include a fourth DTP and mumps vaccine the rate of completion dropped to 40.8%. However, 59.1% of the children who had not completed this optimal series could be brought up-to-date with a single visit to their provider of medical care. Demographic variables independently associated with completion of the basic series were increased paternal education (P less than .001), increased maternal education (P less than .02), smaller family size (P less than .01) and higher socioeconomic status, as determined by census tract or rural town of residence (P less than .02). Race was not found to be a factor associated with vaccination rates when socioeconomic status was controlled. Patients who received their vaccinations from private physicians had a better vaccination rate than those who attended health department clinics. This difference persisted even when socioeconomic status was controlled by residence (P less than .02). The simultaneous comparison of parental education and family size demonstrated that a child having one parent with less than 12 years education or having at least three siblings has a fourfold greater risk of failure to complete his immunization than children whose parents are both college graduates. By using paternal and maternal education level and family size as screening variables, children at high risk for failure to complete their immunizations could be identified prospectively and made the target of intervention programs to improve compliance.
Activity and mechanism of the antioxidant properties of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside

In the present study, the antioxidant activity, the interaction with reactive oxygen species and the redox potential of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (C-3-G), the main anthocyanin present in juice of pigmented oranges, were evaluated in detail. C-3-G effects on low density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidation induced by 40 μM Cu2+ at a pH of 7.4 were compared with those of resveratrol and ascorbic acid, two other natural antioxidants. All cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside concentrations used (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μM) inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) generation (an index of lipid peroxidation), the inhibition being significantly higher than that obtained with equal concentrations of resveratrol and ascorbic acid (IC50=6.5 μM for C-3-G, 34 μM for resveratrol and 212 μM for ascorbic acid). Experiments of LDL oxidation performed at a pH of 5.0 or 6.0 showed that C-3-G antioxidant activity is not influenced by pH variations between 5.0 and 7.4. This suggests that metal chelation, exerted by C-3-G through the eventual dissociation of its phenolic groups, plays a minor role in its protective mechanism. The presence of C-3-G produced significantly higher protective effects of pigmented orange juice (obtained from Moro cultivar) with respect to blond orange juice, when tested on copper-induced LDL oxidation. The evaluation of the direct interaction with reactive oxygen species (H2O2, -O2, OH·), demonstrated that C-3-G is quickly oxidized by these compounds and it is, therefore, a highly efficient oxygen free radical scavenger. The powerful C-3-G antioxidant activity is in excellent agreement with the very negative redox potential (405 mV), determined through direct current cyclic voltammetry measurements. On the basis of these results, C-3-G should be considered as one of the most effective antioxidants that can be assumed with dietary plants; therefore, pigmented oranges represent a very relevant C-3-G source because of the high content of this anthocyanin in their juice.
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND THE LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION OF EXTENSION AGENTS

The purpose of this study was to determine what demographic factors were related to the level of job satisfaction of Extension agents. The study followed a descriptive correlational design. A modified version of the Job Diagnostic Survey developed by Hackman and Oldham (1980) was sent to 195 Extension agents. Based on 143 usable responses, significant relationships existed between the job satisfaction constructs and the demographic factors of gender and race. When considering Extension agents’ current position, a significant difference was found between area agents and 4-H agents regarding how each group rated satisfaction with co-worker relations. Significant relationships were determined at the p < . 05 level.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Indian Adults

ABSTRACT To explore the hypothesis that susceptibility to cerebral malaria is influenced by genetic variation in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we genotyped three commonly defined polymorphic loci of eNOS, Glu298→Asp, intron 4 variable number of tandem repeat region, and T-786→C, in 244 patients (mean age, 36.2 years) with mild malaria and 194 patients (mean age, 35.6 years) with severe malaria belonging to same ethnic group in Orissa, an eastern Indian state. We found that there was an association of the Glu298→Asp substitution (P = 0.0037; odds ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.0) and a single unique haplotype defined by “C-b-Asp” (Pcorrected = 0.0024) for protection against cerebral malaria. Further, the median plasma level of nitrite-nitrate was found to be increased in individuals with the Glu298→Asp substitution and was significantly higher in the mild malaria group (P ≤ 0.0001), but the increase was not significant in the severe malaria group (P = 0.0528). These findings suggest that the Glu298→Asp substitution and the “C-b-Asp” haplotype may enhance eNOS expression and NO production, which leads to protection against cerebral malaria. These findings may increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of malaria.
Debt Relief and Credit to the Private Sector in African Countries

: The purpose of the paper is to empirically investigate the link between debt relief and credit to the private sector in African countries using a panel method over the period 1988–2004. The motivation for investigating the relationship between debt relief and credit to the private sector follows Christensen's (2004) hypothesis that domestic debt has a negative impact on the credit to private sector; therefore debt relief is expected to alleviate domestic debt and thereby create space for domestic credit, which if it is mostly constituted of public sector credit, crowds out credit to the private sector. The main results of the paper are as follows: (1) debt relief has a significant and positive effect on credit to the private sector in the short term; (2) in the long term, debt relief has positive effects on domestic credit to the private sector only when associated with good initial institutional quality.
Autocorrelation, structural breaks and the predictive ability of dividend yield

We study whether dividend yield (DY) can predict aggregate stock returns while controlling for the effects of structural breaks in the parameters and bias induced by autocorrelation in the predictor variable. To do so we apply the Bai and Perron (BP) (1998, 2000) methodology to test for structural breaks and the bias-adjusted predictability test of Lewellen (2004). We show that although DY predicts market returns during the period 1946 to 1989, there exist ‘natural’ subsamples bounded by statistically detectable structural breaks that can last for long periods of time (up to 11 years in duration) when DY does not show significant forecasting power. This has important implications in that even if in the long-run DY actually provides strong predictive ability, investors should be mentally prepared for long dry spells of unpredictability with respect to DY.
An odd-even model for diagnosis of shorts on NoC interconnects

Interconnect shorts in a network-on-chip (NoC) have caused data overloading and misrouting that make an extra burden on performance metrics. Therefore, diagnosis of shorts on NoC interconnects has taken special interest. Existing works on diagnosis of shorts on NoC interconnects have two major issues-high test time and less scalability. This paper presents a distributed packet address driven test strategy that addresses shorts on NoC interconnects and tackles these issues. High test time is reduced significantly by lowering the test rounds. The scalability is established by applying proposed test strategy on different NoCs. Simulations achieve 100% test and fault coverages, and demonstrate impact of interconnect shorts for a subset of performance metrics in actual traffic in the network.
Contingency View on Technological Differentiation and Firm Performance: Evidence in an Economic Downturn

Although the importance of strategy for firm performance has been studied, little evidence has been offered regarding this linkage in hostile environments characterized by a lack of exploitable market opportunity and fiercer competition. This study aims to examine the viability of strategic postures of technological differentiation in such a setting using data from 1,054 samples across 32 industries in 30 countries during 20012002, when global economies suffered a downturn. The empirical results show that differentiation-oriented firms underperformed efficiency-oriented ones during this period. However, in the face of deteriorating market conditions, a strategic orientation toward technological differentiation, in concert with an internal commitment to R&D investment or external munificence toward technological opportunity, yields better performance. Finally, this study finds that firms with tight coupling between differentiation and efficiency outmaneuver those with a pure strategy or no strategy at the time of an economic downturn.
Why and How UK Firms Hedge

This paper attempts to differentiate among the theories of hedging by using disclosures in the annual reports of 400 UK companies and data collected via a survey. I find, unlike many previous US studies, strong evidence linking the decision to hedge and the expected costs of financial distress. The tests show that this is mainly because my definition of hedging includes all hedgers and not just derivative users. However, when the tests employ the same hedging definition as previous US studies, financial distress cost factors still appear to be more important for this sample than samples of US firms. Therefore, a secondary explanation for the strong financial distress results might be due to differences in the bankruptcy codes in the two countries, which result in higher expected costs of financial distress for UK firms. The paper also examines the determinants of the choice of hedging method distinguishing between non-derivative and derivatives hedging. My evidence shows that larger firms, firms with more cash, firms with a greater probability of financial distress, firms with exports or imports and firms with more short-term debt are more likely to hedge with derivatives. Thus, differences in opportunities, in incentives for reducing risk and in the types of financial price exposure play an important role in how firms hedge their risks.
Linear algorithm for salinity distribution modelling from MODIS data

This paper was utilized a new approach for modeling sea surface salinity (SSS) from MODIS satellite data. This was based on utilizing of the least squares method in order to retrieve SSS from multi MODIS bands data. The study shows that homogenous offshore sea surface salinity as compared with onshore SSS variations. The onshore SSS are ranged between 28.5 and 29.5 psu whereas the offshore SSS variations have maximum value of 33.8 psu. The results also show a good correlation between in situ SSS measurements and the SSS that is retrieved from MODIS satellite data with high r2 of 0.96 and RMS of bias value of ±0.37 psu. It can be said that least squares method can be used to provide a new algorithm for SSS retrieval from MODIS satellite data.
Why and How Do Employees Break and Bend Confidential Information Protection Rules?

type="main"> Organizations cannot function effectively if their employees do not follow organizational rules and policies. In this paper, we explore why and how employees in two high-tech organizations often broke or bent rules designed to protect their employers' confidential information (CI). The CI protection rules sometimes imposed requirements that disrupted employees' work, forcing employees to choose between CI rule compliance and doing their work effectively and efficiently. Employees in these situations often broke the rules or bent them in ways that enabled employees to meet some of the rules' requirements, while also satisfying other expectations that they faced. We discuss implications of our findings for practice and for future organizational scholarship on rule following.
What are Innovative Opportunities?

To better understand and explain processes of economic transformation, this paper proposes a new concept, “innovative opportunities”. Our interpretation of opportunities is based on an understanding of innovation in a business context, stressing perception and uncertainty during the choices involved in innovation processes. Based on Schumpeterian views of economic transformation, innovative opportunities refer to a set of different elements within the processes whereby actors identify, act upon and realize new combinations of resources and market needs to try to benefit from their future economic potential. To better understand and explain such processes, the proposed conceptualization of “innovative opportunities” consists of three elements: (1) economic value; (2) mobilization of resources; and (3) appropriability, which goes beyond existing types of opportunity conceptualizations found in the literature. The concluding discussion returns to the question of how this view of innovative opportunities modifies the existing understanding of innovation activities and industrial dynamics, and helps us identify new areas of research.
Identification of semaphorin E gene expression in metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma cells by mRNA differential display

Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines HAL‐8Luc and HAL‐24Luc differ in their metastatic potential. HAL‐8Luc cells metastasize to lungs when injected either intravenously or intramuscularly. in mice while HAL‐24Luc cells do not. The differential display method is used to identify genes differentially expressed between the two cell lines and the findings are extensively discussed.