Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of parotid saliva proteins and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 21752 to dental fiber-reinforced composites.

The use of fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) in dentistry has increased during recent years. In marginal areas of crowns and removable partial dentures the fibers may become exposed and come into contact with oral tissues, saliva, and microbes. To date, few articles have been published on oral microbial adhesion to FRCs. The aim of this study was to compare different FRCs, their components, and conventional restorative materials with respect to S. mutans ATCC 21752 adhesion and adsorption of specific S. mutans binding proteins. Surface roughness of the materials was also determined. Four different FRCs, a restorative composite, and a high-leucite ceramic material were studied. Polyethylene FRC was found to be significantly rougher than all other materials. Aramid FRC also showed higher surface roughness in comparison with all materials but polyethylene FRC. Without a saliva pellicle, adhesion of S. mutans coincided with surface roughness and polyethylene and aramid FRC promoted S. mutans adhesion better than the other smoother materials. In the presence of salivary pellicle, ceramic and polyethylene FRC bound more bacteria than the other materials studied. Higher quantities of S. mutans binding proteins in the pellicles may in part account for the higher S. mutans adhesion to saliva-coated ceramic and polyethylene FRC.
Annuities Under Random Rates of Interest II

Some attempts were made to evaluate the future value (FV) of the expected value and the variance for various cash flows (CF). The motivation stemmed from some recursive formulas. This method does not apply directly to the evaluation of present values (PV). One can get some estimates for the PV using results about the FV. We will present a direct approach to evaluate the PV of both factors for some CF. It will turn to be similar to that used to evaluate the FV. Furthermore it makes it possible to study the PV of these CF directly, and may suggest a method to study some other CF as well.
PP-wave and non-supersymmetric gauge theory

We extend the pp-wave correspondence to a non supersymmetric example. The model is the type-0B string theory on the pp-wave R-R background. We explicitly solve the model and give the spectrum of physical states. The fleld theory counterpart is given by a sector of the large N SU(N)£SU(N) CFT living on a stack of N electric and N magnetic D3-branes. The relevant efiective coupling constant is gefi = gsN=J 2 . The string theory has a tachyon in the spectrum, whose light-cone energy can be exactly computed as a function of gefi. We argue that the perturbative analysis in gefi in the dual gauge theory is reliable, with corrections of non perturbative type. We flnd a precise state/operator map, showing that the flrst perturbative corrections to the anomalous dimensions of the operators have the behavior expected from the string analysis.
Colocalization of myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory cells in rats.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular overload and aging lead to an increase in fibrosis in the rat cardiac interstitium. The relationship between fibrosis, fibroblast activity, and inflammatory cell infiltration, was explored in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar controls. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The left ventricle of three groups of eight SHR and eight Wistar controls hearts were sectioned for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization with a cDNA probe encoding the murine alpha 1 chain of type I collagen. Fibrosis was measured morphometrically. Monoclonal antibodies directed against Ia antigen, CD8+ cytotoxic, CD4+ helper lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages were used to localize and quantify the inflammatory cells. RESULTS In 2-month-old rats, with nearly normal interstitial cardiac tissue, fibroblasts expressing collagen mRNA were located around coronary vessels. The areas of fibrosis and interstitial cellular infiltration were more extensive in 22-month-old rats than in 12-month-old rats and greater in SHR than in Wistar. Fibroblasts expressing collagen mRNA were mainly found at the border between fibrosis and myocytic cells, and were always colocalized with lymphocytes and macrophages. The interstitial areas of fibrosis and collagen I expressing fibroblasts had the same pattern of infiltrating cells in normotensive rats than in SHR. Fibrosis and the density of macrophages and CD4+ lymphocytes were correlated. CONCLUSIONS Thus, fibroblast activity could be closely related to the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages in the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive and aged rats.
Chemical Composition of the Same Brazilian Propolis Sample Analyzed in 1997 and in 2012: No Freezing Effect

The same propolis sample that was analyzed by GC-MS in 1997 and 2012 was examined again after being frozen for 15 years. No qualitative changes were seen in its composition; artepilin C, prenyl-p-coumaric acid, dihydrocinnamic acid, caffeic acid were the major compounds.
Homozygous achondroplasia: US distinction between homozygous, heterozygous, and unaffected fetuses in the second trimester.

PURPOSE To determine if and at what gestational age prenatal ultrasonography (US) enables distinction between homozygous, heterozygous, and unaffected fetuses when both parents have heterozygous achondroplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial US scans of 15 fetuses at 25% risk of homozygous achondroplasia were reviewed retrospectively. Femoral growth curves were established and compared with published standards to determine the gestational age, calculated according to biparietal diameter (BPD), at which femoral length crossed below the 3rd percentile. The presence and severity of achondroplasia were determined clinically after birth. RESULTS Femoral length crossed the 3rd percentile at 14.0-16.5 weeks BPD age (mean, 15.6 weeks) in the four homozygous fetuses and at 18.2-26.2 weeks BPD age (mean, 21.5 weeks) in the eight heterozygous fetuses. In the three unaffected fetuses, femoral length did not cross percentiles as gestational age increased. CONCLUSION Establishment of a femoral growth curve in the second trimester with serial US scans enables prenatal distinction between homozygous, heterozygous, and unaffected fetuses when both parents have heterozygous achondroplasia.
Algebraic Study of Two Deductive Systems of Relevance Logic

In this paper two deductive systems (i.e., two consequence relations) associated with relevance logic are studied from an algebraic point of view. One is deﬁned by the familiar, Hilbert-style, formalization of R ; the other one is a weak version of it, called WR , which appears as the semantic entailment of the Meyer-Routley-Fine semantics, and which has already been suggested by W´ojcicki for other reasons. This weaker consequence is ﬁrst deﬁned indirectly, using R , but we prove that the ﬁrst one turns out to be an axiomatic extension of WR . Moreover we provide WR with a natural Gentzen calculus (of a classical kind). It is proved that both deductive systems have the same associated class of algebras but different classes of models on these algebras. The notion of model used here is an abstract logic, that is, a closure operator on an abstract algebra; the abstract logics obtained in the case of WR are also the models, in a natural sense, of the given Gentzen calculus.
FACTORS AFFECTING PERCEPTIONS OF MANAGERS / OWNERS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED BUSINESSES FROM INVESTMENT RISKS IN E-BUSINESS

This research aims to the hedonic value as mediating influences of store atmosphere and the reference group to impulse buying. Respondents are visitors who are making impulse buSmall and medium sized enterprises are considered as the most influential sectors of the countries’ economy that are currently moving towards e-business and facing with some risks in this regard. According to the risk perceptions of managers / owners, each enterprise decides to invest in e-business. This research aims to investigate factors affecting perceptions of managers / owners of SMEs in regard with these risks. To collect field data, a questionnaire with 26 questions was developed according to Grant et al. The study population included small and medium sized enterprises in Tehran which their staffs are less than 100. The sample size was achieved 330 using stratified method. After evaluating validity and normality of data distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test was applied using SPSS to investigate research hypotheses. The research results indicated that perceptions of managers / owners of these risks are different in regard with three variables of this study.
Sex chromosomes in a series of 79 colorectal cancers: Replication pattern, numerical, and structural changes

The cytogenetic study of a series of 79 colorectal cancers was performed with special attention to sex chromosome behavior. It was found that apart from other chromosomal changes, the early‐replicating X chromosome (Xe) was frequently duplicated in tumors from both males and females. This contrasted with a frequent loss of either the late‐replicating X (XI) in tumors from females or of the Y chromosome in tumors from males. All the detected unbalanced rearrangements resulted in a gain of the long, but not the short, arm of the X chromosome. The replication pattern of Xe chromosomes was similar to that of control tissues, whereas that of XI chromosomes was unusual. Its main characteristic was that the two major R bands of the short arm, Xp11 and Xp22, replicated too early.
The Inertial Cause of Wing Rotation in Diptera

The cause of the changes in wing pitch at stroke reversal in Diptera has been investigated. The high compliance of the wing base makes it seem unlikely that pitch changes are caused by active torsion at the wing articulation. The centre of mass of insect wings tends to be behind the centre of torsion of the wing, and it is proposed that wing inertia about the torsional axis alone is responsible for pitch changes as the wing is accelerated at stroke reversal. A simplified inertial model is developed to calculate the angular velocity about the torsional axis that would be caused by wing inertia. The mass distribution and the torsional axis of the wings of two species of flies was found and it was shown that in these animals inertial causesalone could develop the angular velocity in the pitching plane that is observed at stroke reversal. Analysis of the movement of individual regions of the wing shows further that inertial effects will produce the tip to base ‘torsion wave’ seen inthe wing at stroke reversal.
Methods for meta-analysis of individual participant data from Mendelian randomisation studies with binary outcomes

Mendelian randomisation is an epidemiological method for estimating causal associations from observational data by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. Typically the genetic variants explain only a small proportion of the variation in the risk factor of interest, and so large sample sizes are required, necessitating data from multiple sources. Meta-analysis based on individual patient data requires synthesis of studies which differ in many aspects. A proposed Bayesian framework is able to estimate a causal effect from each study, and combine these using a hierarchical model. The method is illustrated for data on C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease (CHD) from the C-reactive protein CHD Genetics Collaboration (CCGC). Studies from the CCGC differ in terms of the genetic variants measured, the study design (prospective or retrospective, population-based or case-control), whether C-reactive protein was measured, the time of C-reactive protein measurement (pre- or post-disease), and whether full or tabular data were shared. We show how these data can be combined in an efficient way to give a single estimate of causal association based on the totality of the data available. Compared to a two-stage analysis, the Bayesian method is able to incorporate data on 23% additional participants and 51% more events, leading to a 23–26% gain in efficiency.
In Vitro Susceptibility to Quinolones of Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis

Francisella tularensis is a potent pathogen and a possible bioterrorism agent, for which quinolones offer promising new therapeutic options. There are, however, no data on the susceptibility to quinolones of natural isolates of F. tularensis tularensis, the highly virulent North American subspecies. In the present study, 8 isolates of F. tularensis tularensis, originating from 8 different states of the USA, and 16 US isolates of F. tularensis holarctica were tested. All 24 isolates showed MIC values ≤⃒ 0.125 mg/l to 6 different quinolones. Against ciprofloxacin, the predominant quinolone used to date in therapy against subspecies holarctica, MIC values were consistently ≤⃒ 0.064 mg/l. Thus quinolones seem to be promising options for the treatment of tularemia, including cases caused by the highly virulent subspecies F. tularensis tularensis.
Effective maintenance of inflammatory bowel disease remission by azathioprine does not require concurrent 5-aminosalicylate therapy

Objectives To assess the effect of 5-aminosalicylate treatment in conjunction with azathioprine on remission maintenance in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Method This retrospective study was based on a total of 186 inflammatory bowel disease patients (104 with Crohn's disease; 82 with ulcerative colitis), who were stable on azathioprine for a minimum of 6 months. The median duration of follow-up was 4.3 years (range 0.6–15.5 years). Relapse rates per year of follow-up were compared in an azathioprine + 5-aminosalicylate group (n = 103) and an azathioprine alone group (n = 83); survival curves for cumulative remission rates were compared by log-rank test. Discontinuation of azathioprine in both groups was also recorded, as was the incidence of malignancy. Results In ulcerative colitis patients (n = 82), mean relapse rates for the azathioprine + 5-aminosalicylate group were 0.21/year compared with 0.19/year for the azathioprine alone group (P = not significant). In Crohn's disease patients (n = 104), mean relapse rates for the azathioprine + 5-aminosalicylate group were 0.27/year compared with 0.3/year for the azathioprine alone group (P = not significant). The cumulative remission percentage (determined from time to first relapse) was used in Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and showed no difference between the azathioprine + 5-aminosalicylate group and the azathioprine alone group by log-rank analysis, for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease as well as for all inflammatory bowel disease patients. Concurrent use of 5-aminosalicylates was no more frequent in patients who discontinued azathioprine due to adverse events. The only malignancy recorded was Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia after 7 years of azathioprine therapy. Conclusion Concurrent use of 5-aminosalicylate drugs did not reduce the relapse rates of inflammatory bowel disease patients who were established on azathioprine therapy. The use of 5-aminosalicylate drugs did not lead to any increase in discontinuation of azathioprine due to adverse events.
Magnetic source imaging versus intracranial electroencephalogram: Neocortical versus temporolimbic epilepsy surgery

Knowlton and colleagues’ article provides welcome evidence supporting the notion that intracranial electroencephalogram (ICEEG) recording of ictal onsets may not always be necessary in patients with intractable epilepsy and nonlocalizing magnetic resonance imaging findings. For patients with neocortical epilepsy, these results are consistent with evidence indicating that interictal epileptiform abnormalities may be more predictive of surgical outcome than ictal ICEEG localizations, and as such, one should, indeed, consider the dispensability of ICEEG in this setting. However, one cannot go too far with the notion of ICEEG dispensability, and the title of Knowlton and colleagues’ article does not differentiate neocortical from temporolimbic epilepsy, although the magnetic resonance imaging entry criteria will have excluded most of the large number of patients with bilateral temporolimbic epilepsy from their study. For these patients, magnetic source imaging (MSI) of interictal epileptiform discharges offers nothing to replace the need for ICEEG recording of ictal onsets. Whereas the importance of interictal spikes may supersede that of intracranial ictal onsets in neocortical epilepsy, the converse is true with respect to temporolimbic epilepsy: The lack of prognostic value of interictal spike localizations in patients with ICEEG-confirmed temporolimbic seizure onset is well accepted. Moreover, patients with bilateral temporolimbic epilepsy will inevitably demonstrate bilateral, independent interictal spikes if a sufficient duration of recording is obtained. MSI of these spikes leaves one no further ahead in surgical planning. Relatedly, even for ipsilateral localization purposes, the discordant MSI and ICEEG findings in the three patients that Knowlton and colleagues discussed in detail highlight the need to consider temporolimbic epilepsy as an entity distinct from all neocortical epilepsies. The two patients with mesial temporal seizure onsets and remote areas of interictal spikes seemingly responded well with anteromesial temporal resections, whereas the patient with a large frontal resection sparing areas of posterior frontal and parietal spikes responded poorly. Knowlton and colleagues are to be congratulated for giving us evidence to begin to consider replacing ICEEG with MSI in many patients with intractable epilepsy, with the caveat that we acknowledge this advance does not pertain to the common situation of bilateral temporolimbic epilepsy, and the plea that we increasingly try to discuss neocortical and temporolimbic epilepsy as utterly distinct clinical entities. Succeeding in the latter hopefully should serve to strengthen the clarity of our thinking regarding the surgical management of epilepsy in the future.
Spread of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in a neonatal intensive care unit

Background: Reports of community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and in otherwise healthy patients without obvious risk factors have been increasing in frequency. Described herein is a cluster of cases of CA‐MRSA USA300 strains in an NICU affecting infants, health‐care workers and the health‐care workers’ families.
Medicago truncatula Molybdate Transporter type 1 (MtMOT1.3) is a plasma membrane molybdenum transporter required for nitrogenase activity in root nodules under molybdenum deficiency.

Molybdenum, as a component of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase, is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This nutrient has to be provided by the host plant through molybdate transporters. Members of the molybdate transporter family Molybdate Transporter type 1 (MOT1) were identified in the model legume Medicago truncatula and their expression in nodules was determined. Yeast toxicity assays, confocal microscopy, and phenotypical characterization of a Transposable Element from Nicotiana tabacum (Tnt1) insertional mutant line were carried out in the one M. truncatula MOT1 family member specifically expressed in nodules. Among the five MOT1 members present in the M. truncatula genome, MtMOT1.3 is the only one uniquely expressed in nodules. MtMOT1.3 shows molybdate transport capabilities when expressed in yeast. Immunolocalization studies revealed that MtMOT1.3 is located in the plasma membrane of nodule cells. A mot1.3-1 knockout mutant showed impaired growth concomitant with a reduction of nitrogenase activity. This phenotype was rescued by increasing molybdate concentrations in the nutritive solution, or upon addition of an assimilable nitrogen source. Furthermore, mot1.3-1 plants transformed with a functional copy of MtMOT1.3 showed a wild-type-like phenotype. These data are consistent with a model in which MtMOT1.3 is responsible for introducing molybdate into nodule cells, which is later used to synthesize functional nitrogenase.
Utility of Syndecan-1 (CD138) Expression in the Diagnosis of Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasms: A Tissue Microarray Study of 1,754 Cases

Syndecan-1, a heparan sulfate-rich membrane glycoprotein, is expressed in plasma cells and is considered a reliable marker of plasmacytic differentiation. However, it has not been widely tested in non-hematolymphoid tissues, and thus its utility in the setting of an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm has not been evaluated. The authors conducted an extensive study of CD138 staining in over 1,700 normal, benign, and malignant non-hematolymphoid tissues, using five tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with two commercially available CD138 monoclonal antibodies directed against syndecan-1 (Serotec, Oxford, UK, and DAKO, Carpenteria, CA). In addition to the specific membrane staining, many normal tissues and epithelial tumors showed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. A small subset of mesenchymal neoplasms also showed membrane and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma, the intensity of CD138 staining inversely correlated with the histologic grade of the carcinoma. However, statistically significant staining differences and their correlation with histologic grades differed depending on whether the Serotec or the DAKO antibody was used. These results indicate that CD138 immunoreactivity is widespread in normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues, as well as a variety of undifferentiated epithelial and mesenchymal processes. The authors conclude that the expression of syndecan-1, although relatively specific to plasma cells within the hematolymphoid system, should be interpreted with extreme caution in the setting of an undifferentiated neoplasm. Furthermore, the two commercially available monoclonal CD138 antibodies tested in this study showed significant differences in their immunoreactivity in different tumor types.
International patterns and trends in testis cancer incidence

Although the incidence of testis cancer has risen markedly in many Western populations over the past half‐century, it is not clear whether rates in other populations also have increased. To clarify this issue, we examined testis cancer incidence rates over the 25‐year time period of 1973–1997 for selected populations around the world. Age‐standardized incidence rates for 21 registries in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania over successive 5‐year time periods were obtained from volumes 4–8 of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Testis cancer rates rose between 1973 and 1997 in most populations worldwide, although the increases were strongest and most consistent among populations of European ancestry. Rates appear to be leveling off in some populations. The increases in testis cancer remain unexplained, although changes in the prevalence of important risk factors for this disease may be responsible. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.