Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insulin Sensitivity as an Independent Predictor of Fat Mass Gain in Hispanic Adolescents

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between changes in insulin sensitivity and subsequent changes in fat mass in obese Hispanic children over 3 consecutive years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a longitudinal research design, insulin sensitivity (Si) of 96 research participants was determined at baseline and 1 year later. Body adiposity was assessed at four assessments. RESULTS The change in Si during the first year of the study was a significant predictor of further fat mass development (P < 0.05). Considering different directions of Si change, Si was a strong predictor for further fat mass development only in the group that decreased their Si (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results show that the direction of change in insulin sensitivity at an early age is an important independent predictor for further fat mass development and emphasize the importance of insulin sensitivity as a primary target for long-term obesity prevention, as well as the significance of early age intervention.
Learning reform-based science instruction: Results from a statewide professional development program for beginning science teachers

While some general understanding of beginning science teacher learning and science instruction in the United States exists, little is known about how science-specific induction programs for beginning teachers impact science teacher learning and instruction. To increase the knowledge in this area, this study investigated the impact of a statewide induction program on beginning science teachers’ confidence, understandings, and implementation of reform-based science instruction. This randomized controlled trial investigation induction program included 74 beginning science teachers in two cohorts based on year of participation. In this embedded mixed-methods study, the data consisted of perceptions surveys, induction program observations, interviews, and classroom observations. Results suggested that the induction program helped develop participants’ confidence and agency in implementing nature of science (NOS) and inquiry instruction. Additionally, data revealed that participants’ understandings of NOS and problem-based learning (PBL) developed over time significantly greater than control teachers’ understandings. However, understandings of inquiry were not statistically different between the two groups. Finally, all types of reform-based instruction were more frequently seen in treatment than control participants’ practices, yet the implementation of these types of instruction developed differently across the first two years. The study suggests the need to provide ample opportunities for beginning science teachers to learn reform-based instructional approaches beyond initial certification programs, and that science-specific induction programs can be a form of ongoing support.
Study on the Vacuum Surface Flashover Characteristics of Epoxy Composites with Different Fillers under Steep High-Voltage Impulse

The research on vacuum surface flashover mechanism of insulating material under steep high voltage impulse is important for the design and manufacture of high power pulse generator. This report studies the vacuum surface flashover characteristic of epoxy composite material with different fillers is studied. Generally, various kinds of micron-sized inorganic fillers are utilized to promote different properties (such as reinforcement, arc resistance and fire retardant etc.) of epoxy composite. In this report, comparison study is carried out on the epoxy composites with different kinds of micron-fillers, such as Al2O3, Al2O3·3H2O (ATH), TiO2, BaTiO3 and the oxide films of Al2O3 and TiO2. By using two single-pulse generators (rise time and the half-height pulse width time are 50ns/600ns and 65ns/600ns, and 10¿4Pa ultimate vacuum level), the flashover characteristics of these samples are measured, and the effects of different weight proportion of ATH powder and different kinds of micro-fillers are also analyzed.
Mental disorder in youth suicide

ABSTRACT– A 3‐year urban material of suicides in adolescents and young adults (age 15–29 years) was studied retrospectively by means of interviews with survivors (n= 58). Classification of mental disorders according to DSM‐III‐R showed that major depression was important as background to suicides in 41%, primary (22%) or secondary (19%) to other disorders. Adding major depression, depressive disorder, not otherwise specified, dysthymia and adjustment disorder with depressed mood gave a total of 64% depressive syndromes. Schizophrenia (14%) and borderline personality disorder (28%) constituted other relevant groups. Coexisting substance use disorder occurred in 47%. A majority of the subjects (72%) were known by psychiatric caregivers and 16% committed suicide during inpatient care.
REINFORCEMENT: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON AN OLD CONTROVERSY

A critical component of the reinforcement model, incomplete postzygotic reproductive isolation, has been overlooked in the many selection experiments designed to test this model. Many field observations are consistent with the reinforcement model, but theoretical work predicts that reinforcement should only work when nearly complete postzygotic reproductive isolation has developed. The experiments described here used four levels of postzygotic reproductive isolation: complete, strong, moderate, and none. A significant decrease in heterotypic matings occurred over 25 generations in the complete postzygotic reproductive isolation treatment. No evidence for reinforcement was found in any of the other treatments using incomplete postzygotic reproductive isolation.
Can Mobile Money Systems Have a Measurable Impact on Local Development?

Mobile Money Systems can be seen as a technological innovation of high impact on developing countries and poorer population segments. They lower transaction costs and facilitate or enable financial transactions that either did not occur before or that were transacted at a higher risk and price. This has a direct impact on increasing the financial connectedness among distant households and individuals, enabling and facilitating trade, increasing households' ability to share and bear risk, increasing households' ability to allocate their resources more efficiently and modifying households' consumption patters. It further has an indirect impact on the challenging efficiency of the local traditional financial market, boosting local infrastructure and hence increasing labor demand and increasing the need for local innovation. In other words, MMS can be supposed to have a positive impact in terms of households' and the economy's allocation of resources and management of risks. Still, to which extent impact on development and well being can be localized to specific communities is not clear a priori. This paper develops a framework to assess MMS' impact on local development and suggests MMS design strategies that can influence consumption and saving behavior to redirect it so as to boost local development.
Expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein and messenger RNA in permanent cerebral ischemia in rats

Abstract Background: Carbon monoxide has been regarded as a gaseous molecular messenger like nitric oxide. Purpose: To clarify the role of heme oxygenase-1 in the permanent cerebral ischemia at the protein and mRNA level. Methods: The expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein and messenger RNA was investigated at different time points following MCAO using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and Northern blotting. Results: Increased HO 1immunoreactivity was detected in hippocampal and cortical neurons after 1 hour of ischemia, and was also observed in astroglial cells. After 12 hours of ischemia, HO-1 was found in both neurons and glia in cerebral cortex and thalamus, and in striatal glia cells. Western blotting analysis show the expression of HO-1 protein in cortical neurons reached the peak after 12 hours of occlusion and decreased gradually, but was still detected at day 7 post-occlusion. The expression of messenger RNA was examined in the brains of rats subjected to permanent cerebral ischemia by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blotting. HO-1 mRNA transcription could be detected 1 hour after occlusion. After 1 to 6 hours of occlusion, the expression of HO-1 rose rapidly, reaching a peak at 12 hours post-occlusion, decreased gradually, and lasted until day 7 of occlusion. Although HO activity of cerebral tissue can be detected in both sham-operated group and operated groups, the HO activity in operated groups is much stronger than that in sham-operated group. Conclusions: The induction of HO-1 protein may protect cerebral tissues from ischemic damage.
An RNA transcription‐based amplification technique (NASBA) for the detection of viable Salmonella enterica

S.A. SIMPKINS, A.B. CHAN, J. HAYS, B. PÖPPING & N. COOK.2000. Possession of mRNA is indicative of cell viability. RTPCR is not appropriate for mRNA detection as it cannot unambiguously detect mRNA in a DNA background. The alternative amplification technique, NASBA, avoids the disadvantages of RTPCR. We have devised a method for detection of viable Salmonella enterica. This involves NASBA amplification of mRNA transcribed from the dnaK gene. Amplification of mRNA extracted from viable and heat‐killed cells from the same population produced consistent and highly significant (P > 0·01) differences between the respective signals. The signal obtained from viable cells was completely eradicated by RNase treatment, while PCR amplification of treated and untreated samples was unaffected, indicating that NASBA was unaffected by background DNA.
Evaluation of thin-film temperature sensors for integration in neural probes

In situ monitoring of tissue temperature during in vivo experiments can be of great advantage. It could allow the detection of inflammation development and possible infections caused by the implanted devices, the prevention of overheating due to electrical or optogenetical stimulation and the recording of effected vasodilation and increased metabolism. In this work, we present the characterization of platinum temperature sensors integrated in thin-film polyimide substrates. Three different sensor types were fabricated, with the intent to match a Pt 100, a Pt 1000 and a Pt 5000, all of them showing the typical characteristic curve of platinum for the electrical resistance as a function of temperature. Sensitivities of 0.2 Ω/°C, 1.7 Ω/°C and 8.8 Ω/°C were determined for the different sensor types. With the Pt 5000 samples temperature changes of less than 0.5 °C could be detected reliably, independent of the ambiance being air or water. Good in vivo behavior of the platinum sensors is assumed as the fabrication process was not altered compared to established polyimide-based electrode arrays.
Research , part of a Special Feature on Social Network Analysis in Natural Resource Governance Competing Structure, Competing Views: The Role of Formal and Informal Social Structures in Shaping Stakeholder Perceptions

What is social structure, and how does it influence the views and behaviors of land managers? In this paper, we unpack the term "social structure" in the context of current research on institutions, social networks, and their role(s) in resource management. We identify two different kinds of structure, formal and informal, and explore how these link to views of land management and management practice. Formal structures refer to intentionally designed organizations that arise out of larger institutional arrangements; informal ones refer to social networks, based on the communication contacts individuals possess. Our findings show significant correlations between respondents' views regarding land management and their social networks; it is these informal structures that have greater influence on what stakeholders perceive. These findings suggest that stakeholders are less influenced by their particular organizational affiliation or category (e.g., "conservationist" versus "farmer"), and more by whom they speak with on a regular basis regarding land management. We conclude with a discussion on the practical implications for resource managers wishing to "design" participatory management, arguing that, if "diversity" is the goal in designing such participatory processes, then diversity needs to translate beyond stakeholder categories to include consideration for the personal, social networks surrounding stakeholders.
Improvements to image quality using hybrid and model-based iterative reconstructions: a phantom study

Background The number of computed tomography (CT) examinations is increasing and leading to an increase in total patient exposure. It is therefore important to optimize CT scan imaging conditions in order to reduce the radiation dose. The introduction of iterative reconstruction methods has enabled an improvement in image quality and a reduction in radiation dose. Purpose To investigate how image quality depends on reconstruction method and to discuss patient dose reduction resulting from the use of hybrid and model-based iterative reconstruction. Material and Methods An image quality phantom (Catphan® 600) and an anthropomorphic torso phantom were examined on a Philips Brilliance iCT. The image quality was evaluated in terms of CT numbers, noise, noise power spectra (NPS), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), low-contrast resolution, and spatial resolution for different scan parameters and dose levels. The images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and different settings of hybrid (iDose4) and model-based (IMR) iterative reconstruction methods. Results iDose4 decreased the noise by 15–45% compared with FBP depending on the level of iDose4. The IMR reduced the noise even further, by 60–75% compared to FBP. The results are independent of dose. The NPS showed changes in the noise distribution for different reconstruction methods. The low-contrast resolution and CNR were improved with iDose4, and the improvement was even greater with IMR. Conclusion There is great potential to reduce noise and thereby improve image quality by using hybrid or, in particular, model-based iterative reconstruction methods, or to lower radiation dose and maintain image quality.
When does the Price of Anarchy tend to 1 in Large Walrasian Auctions and Fisher Markets

As is well known, many classes of markets have efficient equilibria, but this depends on agents being non-strategic, i.e. that they declare their true demands when offered goods at particular prices, or in other words, that they are price-takers. An important question is how much the equilibria degrade in the face of strategic behavior, i.e. what is the Price of Anarchy (PoA) of the market viewed as a mechanism? Often, PoA bounds are modest constants such as 4/3 or 2. Nonetheless, in practice a guarantee that no more than 25% or 50% of the economic value is lost may be unappealing. This paper asks whether significantly better bounds are possible under plausible assumptions. In particular, we look at how these worst case guarantees improve in the following large settings. Large Walrasian auctions: These are auctions with many copies of each item and many agents. We show that the PoA tends to 1 as the market size increases, under suitable conditions, mainly that there is some uncertainty about the numbers of copies of each good and demands obey the gross substitutes condition. We also note that some such assumption is unavoidable. Large Fisher markets: Fisher markets are a class of economies that has received considerable attention in the computer science literature. A large market is one in which at equilibrium, each buyer makes only a small fraction of the total purchases; the smaller the fraction, the larger the market. Here the main condition is that demands are based on homogeneous monotone utility functions that satisfy the gross substitutes condition. Again, the PoA tends to 1 as the market size increases. Furthermore, in each setting, we quantify the tradeoff between market size and the PoA.
Safety and immunogenicity of a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 5 HIV-1 clade B gag/pol/nef vaccine in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND The safety and immunogenicity of the MRK adenovirus type 5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B gag/pol/nef vaccine, a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 5-vectored vaccine designed to elicit cell-mediated immunity against conserved human immunodeficiency virus proteins, was assessed in a phase 1 trial. METHODS Healthy adults not infected with human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in a multicenter, dose-escalating, blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate a 3-dose homologous prime-boost regimen of the trivalent MRK adenovirus type 5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine containing from 3 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(11) viral particles per 1-mL dose administered on day 1, during week 4 and during week 26. Adverse events were recorded for 29 days after each intradeltoid injection. The primary immunogenicity end point was the proportion of study participants with a positive unfractionated Gag-, Pol-, or Nef-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot response measured 4 weeks after administration of the last dose. RESULTS Of 259 randomized individuals, 257 (99%) received > or = 1 dose of vaccine or placebo and were included in the safety analyses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot results were available for 217 study participants (84%) at week 30. No serious vaccine-related adverse events occurred. No study participant discontinued participation because of vaccine-related adverse events. The frequency of injection-site reactions was dose dependent. Vaccine doses of > or = 3 x 10(9) viral particles elicited positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses to > or = 1 vaccine component in > 60% of recipients. High baseline antibody titers against adenovirus type 5 diminished enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses at all doses except the 3 x 10(10) viral particle dose. CONCLUSIONS The vaccine was generally well tolerated and induced cell-mediated immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 peptides in most healthy adults. Despite these findings, vaccination in a proof-of-concept trial with use of this vaccine was discontinued because of lack of efficacy.
[Expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95, cyclin E2, and connexin 43 in lung cancer tissue, clinical significance of their expression, and their expression correlation].

OBJECTIVE To study the expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), cyclin E(2), and connexin 43 (Cx43) in lung cancer tissue, the clinical significance of their expression, and the expression correlation among the three proteins. METHODS Fifty-one samples of lung cancer tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of AKAP95, cyclin E2, and Cx43. RESULTS The positive rate of AKAP95 expression in lung cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (82.35% vs 33.33%, P < 0.05); AKAP95 expression was associated with the cell differentiation and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). The positive rate of cyclin E(2) expression in lung cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (43.14% vs 13.33%, P < 0.05); cyclin E(2) expression was associated with the lymph node metastasis and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). The positive rate of Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue was lower than that in paracancerous tissue (60.78% vs 80.00%); Cx43 expression was associated with the cell differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). There was correlation between each two of AKAP95 expression, cyclin E(2) expression, and Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue. CONCLUSION High expression of AKAP95 and cyclin E(2) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. AKAP95 expression is associated with the cell differentiation and histopathological type of lung cancer, and cyclin E2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and histopathological type. There is correlation between each two of AKAP95 expression, cyclin E(2) expression, and Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue.
Meningkatkan Komunikasi Matematika Melalui Model Pembelajaran Pbl (Problem Based Learning) Berbasis Circ (Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition)(PTK Pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tulung Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016)

Faqusreini Maqfiroh / A410120229. Meningkatkan komunikasi matematika melalui model pembelajaran PBL (Problem Based Learning) berbasis CIRC (Cooperatife Integrated Reading And Composition). (PTK Pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tulung tahun ajaran 2015/2016). Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. This study aims to improve students' mathematical communication through PBL learning model based CIRC. This research is a classroom action research. The subjects were teachers who provide action and action recipients are students of class VII D SMP Negeri 1 Tulung, Klaten total of 36 students. Data collection method used when research is the method of observation, documentation, field notes, and test methods. data analysis techniques used adalahmetode flow consists of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The validity of the data using techniques tringulasi. The results of this study showed an increase in students' mathematical communication skills that can be seen from the following indicators: (1) Communicate mathematical thinking through the activity of orally asked before action (13.88%) and end action into (47.22%); (2) Communicating mathematical thinking through answering questions orally, before the action (16.66%) and end action into (52.77%); (3) Using a mathematical language to express an idea or ideas appropriately using tables, graphs, charts and images before (27.77%) and end action into (72.22%); (4) communicate mathematical thinking through mathematical models before (22.22%) and end action into (63.88%). So it concluded that the use of the model-based PBL CIRC can improve students' mathematical communication skills keas VII D SMP Negeri 1 Tulung, Klaten. Keywords: mathematical communication, PBL, CIRC