Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Emission from Comets, Cometary Knots, and Supernova Remnants

A comparison is made between one of the processes leading to cometary X-ray emission and X-rays from supernova remnants. We demonstrate that the X-ray emission in both comet and supernova is bremsstrahlung and line radiation created by energetic electrons accelerated by plasma turbulence. We further demonstrate that the most likely source of plasma turbulence is produced by counterstreaming ion populations which result from the mass loading effect or from an anisotropic distribution produced by reflecting ions from a collisionless shock. The instability that gives rise to the plasma turbulence is the modified two-stream instability of counterstreaming ions. A similar instability arises in laser-plasma interactions that have self-generating magnetic fields and flowing ions.
On the multiplicity of eigenvalues of conformally covariant operators

Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold and $P_g$ an elliptic, formally self-adjoint, conformally covariant operator of order $m$ acting on smooth sections of a bundle over $M$. We prove that if $P_g$ has no rigid eigenspaces (see Definition 2.2), the set of functions $f \in C^\infty(M, R)$ for which $P_{e^fg}$ has only simple non-zero eigenvalues is a residual set in $C^\infty(M,R)$. As a consequence we prove that if $P_g$ has no rigid eigenspaces for a dense set of metrics, then all non-zero eigenvalues are simple for a residual set of metrics in the $C^m$-topology. We also prove that the eigenvalues of $P_g$ depend continuously on $g$ in the $C^m$-topology, provided $P_g$ is strongly elliptic. As an application of our work, we show that if $P_g$ acts on $C^\infty(M)$ (e.g. GJMS operators), its non-zero eigenvalues are generically simple.
The Portfolio of Political Ties and Market Entries of Business Groups in Emerging Economies

This study examines how political ties maintained by a firm with rival political parties affect the firm’s entry into new industries. Drawing on the social network research, resource dependence theory, and corporate political strategy literature, we argue that the impact of a firm’s portfolio of political ties on market entry depends on the distribution of political power among rival political parties and the concomitant interdependency between the focal firm and its political partners. A diverse portfolio of political ties may facilitate entries when the political parties are relatively evenly matched in political power, but may induce adverse effects when there is substantial power distance between political parties. Moreover, the impact of portfolios of political ties on market entry is contingent on the internal resources of politically connected firms. Using the context of political ties maintained by Taiwanese business groups from 1998-2004, we find strong support for the proposed effects. The findings have implications for research on the corporate political strategy, contingencies of social relationships, the expansion of multi-business firms, and the organization of
In‐field distribution of Plasmodiophora brassicae measured using quantitative real‐time PCR

A protocol using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the direct detection and quantification of Plasmodiophora brassicae in soil samples was developed and used on naturally and artificially infested soil samples containing different concentrations of P. brassicae. Species-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorogenic probe were designed to amplify a small region of P. brassicae ribosomal DNA. Total genomic DNA was extracted and purified from soil samples using commercial kits. The amount of pathogen DNA was quantified using a standard curve generated by including reactions containing different amounts of a plasmid carrying the P. brassicae target sequence. The PCR assay was optimized to give high amplification efficiency and three to four copies of the target DNA sequence were detected. Regression analysis showed that the standard curve was linear over at least six orders of magnitude (R 2 >0 AE99) and that the amplification efficiency was >92%. The detection limit in soil samples corresponded to 500 resting spores g )1 soil. The intersample reproducibility was similar to, or higher than, that of assays for other pathogens quantified in soil samples. Bait plants were used to validate the real-time PCR assay. The protocol developed was used to investigate the spatial distribution of P. brassicae DNA in different fields and a significant difference was found between in-field sampling points. The reproducibility of soil sampling was evaluated and showed no significant differences for samples with low levels of inoculum, whereas at higher levels differences occurred. Indicator kriging was used for mapping the probability of detecting P. brassicae within a2 -ha area of afi eld. At hreshold level of 5 fg plasmid DNA g )1 soil, corresponding to approximately 3 · 10 3 P. brassicae resting spores g )1 soil, is suggested for growing resistant cultivars. The results provide a robust and reliable technique for predicting the risk of disease development and for assessing the distribution of disease within fields.
The Impact of Leader's Humor on Employees' Creativity: The Moderating Role of Trust in Leader

The purpose of this study is to examine how leader’s humor styles influence employee creativity, and the moderating effects of trust in leader on the relationships between leader’s humor styles and employees’ creativity. The results using 316 valid leader-subordinates pairs (71 leaders and 316 subordinates) from five telecommunication companies in South Korea showed that leader’s self-enhancing humor was positively associated with subordinates’ individual creativity, and leaders’ aggressive humor was negatively associated with subordinates’ individual creativity. In addition, trust in leader significantly moderated the relationship between selfenhancing humor and employee creativity. Specifically, the relationship between self-enhancing humor and employee creativity became stronger as trust in leader increased.
Character association and path analysis for yield and its related traits in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) genotypes

The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2014 at Research Block, Department of Crop Improvement, College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C. S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry. The thirty-five diverse genotypes of finger millet, Eleusine coracana (L.) including three checks viz., PRM-1, PRM-2 and VL-149 laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with replication. The data on 14 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), peduncle length (cm), number of leaves on main culm, number of productive tillers per plant, number of fingers per ear, finger length (cm), ear length (cm), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight, grain yield per plant (g) were collect-ed randomly from 5 plants form each genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among all thirty five genotypes with a wide range of mean values for different characters. Grain yield per plant exhibited very strong positive association with biological yield per plant (0.6196, 0.6805), harvest index (0.4370, 0.3624), number of productive tillers per plant (0.3950, 0.4477), 1000 seed weight (0.3697, 0.3972) and peduncle length (0.2473, 0.2694) at phenotypic and genotypic level. Path-coefficient analysis indentified biological yield per plant (0.8983, 1.1590) and harvest index (0.7390, 0.9162) as major direct contributors towards grain yield per plant at phenotypic and genotypic level. The characters identified above merit due consideration in formulating effective selection strategy in finger millet for developing high yielding varieties.
Improvement on mechanical properties sodium feldspar for porcelains tableware

Porcelain is one of the ceramic materials. In this study, Claytan porcelain was used as a main raw material and added with sodium feldspar as flux. The scope of this project is mainly focused at the effect of sintering temperature and the different process of weight percentage sodium feldspar to Claytan porcelain. Slurry of Claytan porcelain mixed was prepared by agitator mixer. The sodium feldspar mixed with the Claytan porcelain according to the weight percentage of sodium feldspar to Claytan porcelain which is at 2wt. %, 4wt. %, 6wt. %, 8wt. % and 10wt. %. Slip casting was used as the processing method. Sintering process was conducted at four different temperatures 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C and was fixed for 1 hour and heating and cooling rate were at 10°C/minute. DTA/TG was used in order to establish the firing condition. Physical analyses were divided into three analyses which were linear shrinkage, porosity and bulk density of the samples. It was carried out according to the specific ASTM standard of testing. The mechanical behavior was evaluated in term of modulus of rupture and micro hardness. After viewing the results, it can be concluded that percentage of porosity significantly reduces from 30.16% to 22.83% when sintered at 800°C and 1100°C for sodium feldspar 10wt . %. Claytan porcelain with sodium feldspar 2wt. % at 1100oC exhibited the highest strength of 17.59Mpa and micro hardness value 150.40Hv. The effect of firing temperature significantly improved the porosity and the quality of physical properties of Claytan porcelain. For physical and mechanical analyses, the results showed that the increasing of temperature and percentage of sodium feldspar had significantly increased the linear shrinkage, apparent porosity and bulk density.
The Galaxy–Halo Connection for as Revealed by the Spitzer Matching Survey of the UltraVISTA Ultra-deep Stripes

The Spitzer Matching Survey of the UltraVISTA ultra-deep Stripes (SMUVS) provides unparalleled depth at 3.6 and 4.5 μm over ∼0.66 deg2 of the COSMOS field, allowing precise photometric determinations of redshift and stellar mass. From this unique data set we can connect galaxy samples, selected by stellar mass, to their host dark matter halos for , filling in a large hitherto unexplored region of the parameter space. To interpret the observed galaxy clustering, we use a phenomenological halo model, combined with a novel method to account for uncertainties arising from the use of photometric redshifts. We find that the satellite fraction decreases with increasing redshift and that the clustering amplitude (e.g., comoving correlation length/large-scale bias) displays monotonic trends with redshift and stellar mass. Applying ΛCDM halo mass accretion histories and cumulative abundance arguments for the evolution of stellar mass content, we propose pathways for the coevolution of dark matter and stellar mass assembly. Additionally, we are able to estimate that the halo mass at which the ratio of stellar-to-halo mass is maximized is at . This peak halo mass is here inferred for the first time from stellar mass-selected clustering measurements at , and it implies a mild evolution of this quantity for , consistent with constraints from abundance-matching techniques.
Prescribing Trends Of Antidiabetics In Diabetic Patients And Hypertensive Diabetic Patients In An Urban Secondary Care Hospital

Background: Diabetes is a chronic illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetics are at a higher risk of polypharmacy and more vulnerable to irrational prescribing especially diabetics suffering from concurrent illnesses like hypertension. Objectives: The present study was conducted with the objectives of providing an insight into the current use of antidiabetic medications to diabetics and hypertensive diabetics in urban areas and determining how the patient factors influence the prescribing of antidiabetic medications. Methods: A retrospective epidemiological study was arried out at Out-Patient Department (OPD) at Shri Vraj Hospital, Baroda, Gujarat, India, from January 2008 to March 2008. Data of patients of past two years were collected. The details were entered in the structured patient profile form. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: Data of 492 patients were collected and analyzed of which 334 (67.88 %) were males and 158 (32.11 %) were females. These patients were further categorized based on their age. 126 patients (25.6 %) belonged to the age group 20 44 years, 294 (59.75 %) to the age group 45 - 65 years and 72 (14.6 %) to the age group 65 – 80 years. 246 (50%) patients out of the 492 patients studied were suffering from coexisting hypertension. Coexisting hypertension was found to be more prevalent in the age group 45 - 65 years (59.75%) and its incidence was found to be more in females (56.32%). Metformin was the oral hypoglycemic which was the highest prescribed. Metformin and Acarbose were prescribed to obese patient. Sulphonylureas and thiazolidnediones were prescribed less in obese patient. In elderly patients sulphonylureas were prescribed less. In hypertensive diabetics Metformin and Pioglitazone were most frequently prescribed drugs. Monotherapy was prescribed for 11.3% patients and remaining patients were prescribed combination therapy. Conclusion: Biguanides and Insulin were the most commonly prescribed antidiabetics. A combination of two or more drugs of different classes was prescribed to hypertensive diabetics. Since the scope of the present study is limited as the number of patients studied is less, extensive studies are required to confirm our findings.
Effects of Workplace Physical Exercise Intervention on the Physical Perceived and Measured Physical Functioning among Office Workers - A Cluster Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Design

Purpose: The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a workplace exercise intervention on physical functioning. Dose of the exercise and other physical activity outside the intervention were controlled for. The other aims were to determine the physical strain of training and determine training force as a percentage of work time (OPA), leisure time (LTPA) and time spent on all activities (AT). Methods: The study was a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) with each department as the unit of randomization (n=36, n=19, n=15, n=25). The cross-over design consisted of one 15-week intervention period of resistance training (30% 1RM) and training guidance, and another period of the same length with no training or guidance. The subjects (n=90) were office workers [mean age 45.7 (SD 8.5) years]. Percentage body fat was measured using bioelectrical impedance, spinal flexibility with goniometer and a cervical measurement system, muscular strength with a 5RM test and a hand grip test. Subjective physical condition was assessed by questionnaire and physical activity by questionnaire and diary. The statistical analysis was based on linear mixed models. Results: The active component of the intervention, light resistance training, significantly increased both subjective physical condition (p=0.015) and upper extremity extension strength (p= 0.001). Intervention had no effect on percentage body fat, spinal flexibility, hand grip strength or lower extremity strength. The estimated increase in subjective physical condition during the 15-week period was 4 units (95% CI 1-7) or 6% and in upper extremity extension strength 1.3 kg (95% CI 0.5- 2.1) or 4%. Relative physical strain, measured as percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, was 33.7%. Training force was 1.12 metabolic equivalent hours per week, representing 2.0% OPA, 5.9% of LTPA and 1.2% of AT. Conclusion: Light resistance training during the working day had a positive effect on the office workers` subjective physical condition and strength of upper extremities. Controlling for training dose and other physical activity outside the intervention and confounding factors provides for a better specificity and understanding of the dose-response and effectiveness of exercise intervention on physical functioning among office workers.
Legal Protection of Investors, Corporate Governance, and Investable Premia in Emerging Markets

We examine the interaction between the legal protection of investors, corporate governance within firms, institutional development between countries, and investable premia in emerging markets. In a multi country setting and using a novel dataset we find that better-governed firms experience significantly greater stock price increases upon equity market liberalization. We look to see whether well-governed firms in poorly governed countries enjoy an investability premium as measured by Tobin’s q. We find they do. Investors look beyond the seemingly weak country-level governance structures, and focus on corporate governance.
Effect of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) pods as feed additive on egg antioxidants, chemical composition and performance of commercial layers

The present study was designed to investigate the influence of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) pod meal (MPM) on production, immunity, and functional food index of chicken eggs. Two hundred HyLine W36 layer birds aged 50 weeks, 1469 ± 46.63 g, were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design, with five replicates and ten birds each. Diets A, B, C, and D were formulated with the same caloric and protein levels, but with differing MPM dose levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15g MPM/kg finisher diet, respectively. Data for production performance, quality, and chemical composition of eggs were analysed by one-way ANOVA, and means were compared with Duncan’s multiple range test. As a result of this study, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg mass (EM) were significantly decreased and recorded lowest in Group B, which was offered 5 g/kg above the basal diet. Bioactives such as β-carotene, quercetin, and selenium levels were increased (540, 121, & 72.21μg/100g of yolk, respectively), whereas cholesterol levels in egg yolk and serum were decreased significantly, that is, 201.87 mg/100g and 8.47 mg/dl, respectively. Serum biochemical indicators, including serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), glucose, creatinine and cholesterol levels, were lowered significantly. Proximate analysis of egg yolk showed that moisture and ether extract were decreased, whereas crude protein (CP), ash and minerals, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) contents were increased. The outcomes of this study showed that MPM supplementation affects EM, serum biochemistry and bioactive compounds of the egg yolk positively. Keywords : Antibody titers, β-carotene, cholesterol, egg quality, quercetin, selenium
Gibberellin on white potatoes: Applied to freshly harvested, resting potato tubers, or used in preharvest foliar sprays, gibberellin promotes sprouting

Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows: Year-round production of potatoes in California frequently necessitates the use of resting tubers as planting stock. However, resting tubers normally do not sprout for 1-4 months after harvest—depending on varietal characteristics—despite exposure to optimal environmental conditions.
Darwin Finches : Explaining coexistence with adaptive dynamics

Radiation of birds has been proposed to be driven mainly by the (allopatric) evolution of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation, resulting from the evolution of mating behaviour (Grant and Grant 1997 ). The Galapagos finches are considered to be a textbook example of this allopatric and behavioural model of speciation. However, while the scenario of their allopatric radiation is well documented ((Grant and Grant 1997 ), little is known about the conditions allowing coexistence after the secondary colonization of an island. If reproductive isolation has not evolved in allopatry, hybridisation may merge the two populations into a single panmictic population. But even when speciation occured during the allopatric phase, the ecological phenomenon of competitive exclusion may prevent coexistence if the two, now sympatric, populations are not sufficiently nonoverlapping in their use or resources. In this study, using adaptive dynamics we model an evolutionary scenario featuring migration of reproductively isolated but ecologically similar birds on an island occupied by a single, ecologically homogeneous population. With our deterministic and stochastic analysis we found that coexistence is possible if the resident population is at an evolutionnary branching point. In this case, the immigration of the new species is followed by a character displacement to avoid competition. In several cases including major ecological divergence in allopatry and non-stable environments, coexistence is possible despite the resident population being at a continuously stable strategy.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAILS IN COLORADO

Despite the nearly world wide occurrence of the Rallidae, many species are poorly known and most published data are based on local studies. Regional and statewide studies have been limited; consequently, uniform data concerning the biology of rails over large areas are lacking. Previous published reports of rails in Colorado refer to occurrence (Bailey and Niedrach 1965, Lane and Holt 1975) and censuses in limited areas (Boeker 1954, Glahn 1974). In early 1975 we began to investigate occurrence, densities and migration of rails in relation to habitats in Colorado. Marshes, apparently suitable for rails, are restricted in size and distribution and occur between 1100 and 3200 m. Colorado marshes resemble those typical of the Great Plains and Intermountain West.
Turkish Pre-Service Teachers` Perceived Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Knowledge about Using Expository Text as an Instructional Tool in Their Future Classroom Settings

The aim of this research was to examine Turkish pre-service teachers` knowledge and perceived self-efficacy beliefs toward using expository text as an instructional tool in their future classroom settings. The research sample were 346 pre-service teachers who studied in different teacher preparation programs which included elementary classroom and middle content classrooms (for example, science, social studies and Turkish language arts) teaching professions. A teacher efficacy inventory and a knowledge test about using expository text were developed and administered to the pre-service teachers in a public university in Turkey. The research findings showed that there was a small but positive correlation between the pre-service teachers` selfefficacy beliefs scores and the knowledge test scores in spite of the small correlation coefficient between the two variables. In addition, the preservice teachers rated their self-efficacy beliefs as efficacious in using expository texts in their future classrooms. They also identified themselves as having medium level knowledge about use of expository text. Results indicated that while there was not any significant difference regarding pre-service teachers` perceived self-efficacy mean scores in terms of gender, the pre-service teachers` knowledge mean scores about using expository text differed from each other according to gender. Moreover, findings revealed that the pre-service teachers` perceived self efficacy beliefs and knowledge varied significantly from each other according to their training programs. The pre-service teachers` knowledge had significant differences among course years, in contrast to this, their perceived-self efficacy beliefs did not differ from each other according to course year. Additionally, the interaction between course year and training programs had significant effect on the teachers` perceived self-efficacy beliefs and knowledge about using expository text.