Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae)

Tiger beetles are a remarkable group that captivates amateur entomologists, taxonomists and evolutionary biologists alike. This diverse clade of beetles comprises about 2300 currently described species found across the globe. Despite the charisma and scientific interest of this lineage, remarkably few studies have examined its phylogenetic relationships with large taxon sampling. Prior phylogenetic studies have focused on relationships within cicindeline tribes or genera, and none of the studies have included sufficient taxon sampling to conclusively examine broad species patterns across the entire subfamily. Studies that have attempted to reconstruct higher‐level relationships of Cicindelinae have yielded conflicting results. Here, we present the first taxonomically comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Cicindelinae to date, with the goal of creating a framework for future studies focusing on this important insect lineage. We utilized all available published molecular data, generating a final concatenated dataset including 328 cicindeline species, with molecular data sampled from six protein‐coding gene fragments and three ribosomal gene fragments. Our maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic inferences recover Cicindelinae as sister to the wrinkled bark beetles of the subfamily Rhysodinae. This new phylogenetic hypothesis for Cicindelinae contradicts our current understanding of tiger beetle phylogenetic relationships, with several tribes, subtribes and genera being inferred as paraphyletic. Most notably, the tribe Manticorini is recovered nested within Platychilini including the genera Amblycheila Say, Omus Eschscholtz, Picnochile Motschulsky and Platychile Macleay. The tribe Megacephalini is recovered as paraphyletic due to the placement of the monophyletic subtribe Oxycheilina as sister to Cicindelini, whereas the monophyletic Megacephalina is inferred as sister to Oxycheilina, Cicindelini and Collyridini. The tribe Collyridini is paraphyletic with the subtribes Collyridina and Tricondylina in one clade, and Ctenostomina in a second one. The tribe Cicindelini is recovered as monophyletic although several genera are inferred as para‐ or polyphyletic. Our results provide a novel phylogenetic framework to revise the classification of tiger beetles and to encourage the generation of focused molecular datasets that will permit investigation of the evolutionary history of this lineage through space and time.
Forest Carbon Stocks in Woody Plants of Mount Zequalla Monastery and It’s Variation along Altitudinal Gradient: Implication of Managing Forests for Climate Change Mitigation

Carbon sequestration through forestry has the potential to play a significant role in ameliorating global environmental problems such as atmospheric accumulation of GHG's and climate change.The present study was undertaken to estimate forest carbon stock along altitudinal gradient in Mount Zequalla Monastery forest. Systematic sampling methods were used to collect data from seventy 10 m x 20 m rectangular plots. The area was dominated by Juniperusprocera tree species. The mean carbon stock per hectare was 237.2, 47.6, 6.5 and 57.6 ton for above ground biomass, below ground biomass, litter biomass and soil respectively. The mean total carbon stock in Mount Zequalla Forest was 348.8 t ha-1. The statistical analysis for carbon stock variation in the different carbon pools through altitudinal gradient showed a significant variation with exception for soil organic carbon stock. The amount of carbon stock in above and below ground biomass showed increasing pattern with increasing altitude whereas litter and soil organic carbon stocks showed decreasing pattern with increasing altitude.Overall this study points out Mount ZequallaMonastery forest has the potential to sequester plenty of CO2 with a considerable variation along altitude. Thus, it has paramount importance to give conservation priority to the forests to achieve climate change mitigation aspiration especially through forest carbon sequestration mechanism. Keywords : Carbon sequestration; Climate change; Altitudinal gradients; Mount Zequalla Monastery; Forest
Reasons for poor performance of disbursement of Kishan Credit Card and recovery of loan under the scheme in AssamA qualitative study

More than 60% of our people depend upon agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture at present has undergone a significant shift from the subsistence level of production to market oriented production. Institutional credit has played a very important role in the development of the agricultural sector. Credit played an important role by facilitating technological up gradation and commercialisation of agriculture. Recognising the limitations of multi-credit product and multi-agency approach, a stronger view emerged among policy makers on the need for an 'integrated credit' product for the accelerating sector/area/activity specific development process. This resulted in the introduction of a new credit product called 'Kisan Credit Card' (KCC) in 1998-99. The Kisan Credit Card scheme was a step towards facilitating the access to short-term credit for the borrowers from the formal financial institutions. This scheme has facilitated the availability of credit in time and has simplified the procedure for availing loan from banks to a large extent. Though KCC is a good source of credit instruments for farmers, but its disbursement was not encouraging in Assam. Likewise the recoveries of loan provided through the KCC were also not effective. Therefore, a study was conducted to know the reason about these things. Opinion of both farmers and bank officials were collected through semi-structured interview method. From the study, it was found that there were 11 major reasons for poor disbursement of KCC. Likewise there were 12 major reasons found in case of poor recovery of loans. The study further indicated that both farmers and banks were responsible for these situations and need some policy changes for improving the situation.
Negotiating Energy Dynamics through Embodied Action in a Materially Structured Environment.

We provide evidence that a learning activity called Energy Theater engages learners with key conceptual issues in the learning of energy, including disambiguating matter flow and energy flow and theorizing mechanisms for energy transformation. A participationist theory of learning, in which learning is indicated by changes in speech and behavior, supports ethnographic analysis of learners’ embodied interactions with each other and the material setting. We conduct detailed analysis to build plausible causal links between specific features of Energy Theater and the conceptual engagement that we observe. Disambiguation of matter and energy appears to be promoted especially by the material structure of the Energy Theater environment, in which energy is represented by participants, while objects are represented by areas demarcated by loops of rope. Theorizing mechanisms of energy transformation is promoted especially by Energy Theater’s embodied action, which necessitates modeling the time ordering of energy transformations.
Relational Aspects of Intersubjectivity Therapy and Gestalt Therapy: A Theoretical Integration

This dissertation proposes to investigate and integrate relational aspects of intersubjectivity theory and practice and Gestalt theory and practice. The intent of this synthesis and extension of the existing literature is to improve therapeutic technique and provide more effective psychotherapy to clients through a partial theoretical integration of these complementary theories. Starting with an overview of intersubjectivity theory and practice and of Gestalt theory and practice, this dissertation will then examine the relational aspects of both theories, followed by a synthesis of the relational aspects of both theories. Degree Type Dissertation Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/4 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the “Rights” section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see “Rights” on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license. ] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. copyright@pacificu.edu This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/4
THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD IN PHONOLOGY

This paper shows that the use of experimental methods allows formulating hypotheses about phonological categories and primitives and about the control that speakers have over their articulations. The aim is to demonstrate that phonological problems and hypotheses, i.e. involving phonological categories, can be formulated and tested through the experimental method. Falsifiable hypotheses are part of the endless progress of the scientific endeavor of which the study of language and phonology is undeniably one part.
Protective role of selenium nanoparticles against Schistosoma mansoniinduced hepatic injury in mice.

Schistosoma genus is one of trematode worms causing Schistosomiasis which is responsible for high rates of morbidity. Moreover, the disease induced hepatosplenomegaly, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The deposited and trapped eggs in hepatic peri-sinusoidal spaces induce granulomatous inflammation. The known anti-schistosomal drugs showed resistance so it was necessary to find a new anti-schistosomal treatment. Technologies such as nanoparticles are being used to improve or replace today’s therapies. Nanoparticles have advantages over today’s therapies because they can be engineered to have certain properties. Selenium nanoparticles have high bioavailability and antioxidant activities so it attracted wide spread attention. In the present study, selenium nanoparticles injection to schistosome-infected mice ameliorated the hepatic histopathology and decreased the granulomas diameters. Moreover, the treatment increased the glutathione level while; the levels of nitrite/nitrate and malondialdahyde were decreased significantly. Subsequently, the results indicate that the selenium nanoparticles may act as anti-schistosomal drug in infected mice with Schistosoma mansoni.
Reproductive success in nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina.

Breeding Loggerhead Shrikes (Lank ludovicianus) were studied in the Pied- mont physiographic region of north-central South Carolina during the breeding seasons of 1986 and 1987. Sixty-three percent of shrike nests were in red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). Shrikes nesting in red cedar fledged one more young per nest than did shrikes nesting in other trees. First nests were significantly lower and somewhat closer to the trunk of the nest tree than were second nests, suggesting that climatic effects during the nesting season affected nest placement. Within 100 m of shrike nests, short-grass habitats (e.g., pasture, hay fields, and residential lawns) predominated, comprising, on average, more than 80% of the area. Short vegetation around nests may result in increased prey availability. The relatively high reproductive success of Loggerhead Shrikes in this study is similar to that reported by researchers elsewhere, and it does not explain the recent decline in shrike populations in the region. Received 29 Sept. 1988, accepted 15 Jan. 1989. Despite a broad distribution that extends coast to coast from southern Canada to Mexico, populations of Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovici- anus) have recently declined over much of North America (Arbib 1972, Bystrak and Robbins 1977, Bystrak 198 1, Geissler and Noon 198 1, Mor- rison 1981, Robbins et al. 1986). Currently, the Loggerhead Shrike is listed as "endangered" in New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin; and as "threatened" or "watch" in several other states (Haas 1987). Audubon Society Christmas Bird Counts indicate that wintering populations of shrikes in southeastern Atlantic coastal states experienced a 22% decline between 196 1 and 1978, the most severe decline reported for any region (Morrison 1981). Although habitat destruction has been suggested as a possible cause of population declines in both Illinois and Missouri (Graber et al. 1973, Kridelbaugh 1982), there are no studies of shrike reproductive success and habitat use in the southeastern Atlantic coastal region of the United States. Here, we (1) describe the results of a 2-year study of the nesting habitat and reproductive success in a population of Loggerhead Shrikes in north-central South Carolina, and (2) discuss our results in light of recent population declines.
A Corpus Based Study of the Errors Committed by Pakistani Learners of English at Graduation Level

Man is bound to make mistakes. Language learning is totally a process of trial and error. As language errors are the topic of this paper, let us provisionally define language errors first as an unsuccessful bit of language. Though errors were considered a sin in the past, now the linguists stress the importance of learners’ errors. These errors are helpul to teachers, researchers, and learners themselves (Corder 1967). Error analysis is the process that determines the incidences, nature, causes and consequences of the unsuccessful language i.e. errors. Keeping in mind the recent trends in language teaching, studying learners’ output is important to define the parameters of learning second language. The present corpus based work intends to find errors made by Pakistani learners of English at graduation level, when their production is in written form. The learner corpus used for this research Pakistani component of ICLE (International Centre for Learner English). It contains 0.2 million words in total, written in the form of argumentative essays, by the learners of English at the graduation level and is POS tagged using CLAWS7 POS tagger. Keywords: Error Analysis, Learner Errors, Corpus Based Error Analysis, Learner Corpora, Pakistani English
Evaluation of chañar seed cake from biodiesel production as a soil amendment.

One of the major problems for biodiesel producers is the disposal of the seed cake after expelling oil from seeds. Every ton of biodiesel results in 2.5 to 3 tons of seed cake as byproduct. The physicochemical characteristics of this residue indicate that it could be converted into valuable organic fertilizer. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using chanar seed cake from biodiesel production as a soil amendment, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted. Seed cake was applied mixed with soil, at rates of 0, 6, 12 and 24%. A single seedling of chanar per pot was transplanted and after six months, plants were harvested for foliar analyses as well as some physiological characteristics. Seed cake application increased dry biomass production and the shoot concentrations of N and chlorophyll. There were no evident symptoms of phytotoxicity. The application of seed cake at 12% proved superior to the 6% treatment and the control; ahigher dose of seed cake (24%) was not significantly different from the treatment with 12% in terms of dry biomass production of chanar, foliar contents of N, P, Kor total chlorophyll. However, plant aerial biomass was significantly correlated with soil microbial respiration and soil C biomass.
The Degree to Which Secondary School Teachers in Public Schools Accept the Use of Transformative Leadership by Their Principals from Their Perspective

The study aimed at identifying the degree to which secondary school teachers in public schools accept the use of transformative leadership by their principals from their perspective. The study used the descriptive method, and developed a questionnaire containing (20) paragraphs. The validity and reliability of the study tool has been verified. The study population contains the working teachers of high schools of the first semester of the academic year 2017-2018. They were taken among secondary public schools at Zarqa Education Principalate II. A random sample of 250 teachers was taken. The study concluded the following results:- The mean averages and standard deviations showed that the degree to which secondary school teachers in public schools accept the use of transformative leadership by their principals from their perspective was moderate. Therefore, the study recommends that teachers be introduced to the importance of transformative leadership and give training courses to activate the application of transformative management in secondary public schools. - There are statistically significant differences in the grades of study's sample of the degree to which secondary school teachers in public schools accept the use of transformative leadership by their principals from their perspective due to gender variable that was in favor of males. Therefore, the study recommends holding training courses for secondary school teachers to apply in their schools. - There are statistically significant differences in the grades of study's sample of the degree to which secondary school teachers in public schools accept the use of transformative leadership by their principals from their perspective due to experience variable. Therefore, the study recommends that secondary school teachers in public schools should be informed of their experience from 1-10 years on this style of leadership.
Characterization of Landfill Gas Composition at the Fresh Kills Municipal Solid-Waste Landfill

The most common disposal method in the United States for municipal solid waste (MSW) is burial in landfills. Until recently, air emissions from these landfills were not regulated. Under the New Source Performance Standards and Emission Guidelines for MSW landfills, MSW operators are required to determine the nonmethane organic gas generation rate of their landfill through modeling and/or measurements. This paper summarizes speciated nonmethane organic compound (NMOC) measurement data collected during an intensive, short-term field program. Over 250 separate landfill gas samples were collected from emission sources at the Fresh Kills landfill in New York City and analyzed for approximately 150 different analytes. The average total NMOC value for the landfill was 438 ppmv (as hexane) versus the regulatory default value of 4000 ppmv (as hexane). Over 70 individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected and quantified in the landfill gas samples. The typical gas composition for this landfill was dete.
Geometrical Sense Making: Findings of Analysis Based on the Characteristics of the van Hiele Theory among a Sample of South African Grade 10 Learners.

Background:This paper reports on one part of a large study which attempted to identify the linguistic and hierarchical characteristics of van Hiele theory amongst grade 10 learners.Materials and methods:The sample consisted of a total of 359 participants from five conveniently selected schools from Mthatha District in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The performance of these learners on a written geometry test was analysed. On the basis of the analysis, 30 learners were selected to be the subjects for interviews.This paper focuses on the analysis of the interview transcripts to discern the van Hiele characteristics among learners’ geometrical tasks.The ethical requirements were met.Results:This paper reports particularly on linguistic and hierarchical characteristics of the van Hiele theory.Conclusions:The findings from the study affirmed the existence of the linguistic and hierarchic characteristics of the van Hiele theory.
Productivity, Geography, and the Export Decision of Chilean Farms

This article analyzes the export participation of Chilean farms and the relative importance of farm-specific and geographic characteristics in this decision. An export behavior model is estimated using data on 8,284 Chilean farms and a two-stage conditional maximum likelihood procedure. Farm efficiency has a relatively stronger effect than the combined effect of geographic characteristics in increasing the probability of export participation. Farms with skilled (managerial) labor and in regions with higher human capital also have a relatively higher probability of producing for the export market. However, for geographic characteristics to positively affect export participation, farms must achieve a minimum level of efficiency.
THE FIRST COMBINED SEARCH FOR NEUTRINO POINT-SOURCES IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE WITH THE ANTARES AND ICECUBE NEUTRINO TELESCOPES

We present the results of searches for point-like sources of neutrinos based on the first combined analysis of data from both the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes. The combination of both detectors, which differ in size and location, forms a window in the southern sky where the sensitivity to point sources improves by up to a factor of 2 compared with individual analyses. Using data recorded by ANTARES from 2007 to 2012, and by IceCube from 2008 to 2011, we search for sources of neutrino emission both across the southern sky and from a preselected list of candidate objects. No significant excess over background has been found in these searches, and flux upper limits for the candidate sources are presented for E−2.5 and E−2 power-law spectra with different energy cut-offs.
An Exploratory Investigation into Voluntary Employee Turnover and Retention Practices in the Small Business Sector

Given the scant research on turnover and retention in small businesses, this study addresses the question: what factors influence voluntary employee turnover in small businesses and how do ownermanagers retain key employees? This question was broken into three research objectives. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with nine owner-managers and seven employees from eleven Australian small businesses. Findings of this study identify adverse consequences of turnover, uncover antecedents of voluntary turnover, pinpoint small business characteristics that enhance employee retention and present a suite of small business employee retention strategies. Implications of the findings for management practice are explained. Limitations of the study and their implications for future research are also discussed.