Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Narrative Abilities of Children with Learning Disabilities and Nondisabled Children

The purpose of the present study was to compare narrative abilities of learning disabled and nondisabled students across four story difficulty levels and across three vocabulary age groups. Independent variables to be studied included story events correct, story structures, propositions, and cohesive devices. Results indicated that the students with learning disabilities were generally able to reconstruct stories as well as nondisabled students. However, significant differences were shown between groups within each level of analysis. Developmental differences in performance were evident on all measures and the use of line drawings appeared to have a negative influence on recall for all subjects. The self-generated story students were told to produce to accompany line drawings appeared less well constructed than the retold stories, except for the Internal Response category. Specific patterns were demonstrated in the retold and self-generated narratives assessment of children with learning disabilities and nondisabled children. Narrative abilities appear to offer useful information regarding language skills beyond the sentence level.
Nocturnal Hypertension Correlates Better With Target Organ Damage in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease than a Nondipping Pattern

Both nocturnal hypertension and nondipping pattern are associated with target organ damages (TODs); however, no data exist with respect to Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors recruited 1322 patients with CKD admitted to our hospital division and referred with data in this cross‐sectional study. Patients with nocturnal systolic hypertension had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) compared with patients with normal nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SPB; all, P<.001), while patients in the dipper and nondipper groups had similar levels of eGFR, LVMI, and cIMT when the patients had a similar nocturnal SBP. Factorial‐designed analysis of variance indicated that the main effect of nocturnal SBP was significant for all TOD differences (all, P<.001), but no significance existed with respect to the main effect of the dipper pattern and an interaction between the two factors (all, P>.05). Nocturnal systolic hypertension, rather than nondipping pattern, was an independent risk factor for TOD in CKD patients. Nocturnal hypertension, rather than a nondipping pattern, was better associated with TOD in CKD patients.
Soil nematode community changes associated with windfall and wildfire in forest soil at the High Tatras National Park, Slovak Republic

SummaryThe paper presents research findings on the influence of windfall and wildfire on nematode communities in Lariceto-Piceetum forest in the High Tatras in Slovakia. Comparison was made of an intact (REF), affected and extracted (EXT), non-extracted (NEX) and burnt (FIR) forest stand. A total of 55 species belonging to 36 genera were found. The EXT locality harboured the majority of the identified species, but the highest abundance of nematodes was observed in the FIR locality. Bacterial feeders were the dominant trophic group in all investigated plots. In the REF bacterial feeders were followed by root-fungal feeders, fungal feeders and omnivores, in the EXT by omnivores and plant parasites, in the FIR by omnivores and root-fungal feeders and in the NEX by fungal feeders and omnivores. The MI and SI were higher in the REF and the EXT compared to those in the FIR and the NEX, the highest B/F ratio was observed in the FIR and the highest EI was found in the REF. We can conclude that disturbance of forest vegetation and soil has had a clear and demonstrable impact on nematode communities.
Repeatability of the Sugar‐Absorption Test, Using Lactulose and Mannitol, for Measuring Intestinal Permeability for Sugars

Differential sugar-absorption tests for measuring intestinal permeability for sugars have been studied in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. Their use in general practice has been hampered by a lack of data on reference values and repeatability of the test and the laboratory assay. In this study, we determined the reference values of the sugar-absorption test, using lactulose and mannitol as probe molecules, for children and adults. The repeatability of the test is good; linear relationship: slope, 0.825 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.571, 1.152); intercept, 0.005 (95% CI, −0.004, 0.010). The repeatability of the laboratory assay for the sugar-absorption test is excellent; linear relationship: slope, 1.014 (95% CI, 0.870, 1.094); intercept, 0.002 (95% CI, −0.005,0.010). The validation of the sugar-absorption test makes the test useful as a simple, noninvasive, reliable intestinal permeability test for sugars, which can be of use for clinical practice. Taking possible interfering factors into account, the sugar-absorption test can be used as a diagnostic test for enteropathy of different etiologies and evaluation of therapeutic interventions in both children and adults. Studies with the sugar-absorption test may clarify the role of intestinal permeability in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases.
Growth of the Coconut Crab, Birgus latro, at Its Northernmost Range Estimated from Mark—Recapture Using Individual Identification Based on Carapace Grooving Patterns

Although populations of the coconut crab, Birgus latro, have declined in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, insufficient knowledge exists for the management of this species. We investigated the growth of the northernmost coconut crab population, located at Ocean Expo Park, Okinawa, southern Japan, using a mark—recapture method based on the identification of individual carapace grooving patterns. Of the 485 crabs photographed (264 males, 221 females; 14.3–68.8 mm thoracic length [ThL]), 64 males and 62 females were recaptured (recapture rate 26%). The liberty period ranged from two to 2384 days. The annual data indicated that most crabs molted during winter, except for juveniles and crabs near the maximum size. Using the GROTAG program, the asymptotic ThL (L∞) was estimated as 80.72 and 49.89 mm for males and females, respectively. The Brody growth coefficient (K) was 0.063 for both sexes. The growth curves from these parameters showed that males grew larger than females because of a difference in growth speed. Longevity was estimated at approximately 50 years for both sexes. The growth data obtained in the present study, which are the most precise gathered for the coconut crab to date, can be compared with the results of studies performed in other regions.
Depression and Work Family Conflict Among Corrections Officers

Objective:This article assessed work-to-family conflict (W-FC) and family-to-work conflict (F-WC) and their impact on depression among corrections officers in two correctional facilities in the United States. Methods:The sample consisted of 220 officers who completed questionnaires that included data on demographics, sense of coherence (SOC), physical health, psychosocial job characteristics, and work–family conflict. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) assessed depression. Results:The mean CES-D score was 7.8 (SD = 5.2); 31% had scores of 10 or more, indicative of serious psychological distress. The SOC, W-FC, and F-WC were significantly and positively associated with depression; W-FC mediated the effects of SOC on depression. Psychosocial job characteristics were not related to depression. Conclusions:Depressive symptoms were high among officers, and W-FC was a critical factor contributing to psychological distress.
SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF DUST ABUNDANCES ACROSS THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD

Using the data obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope as part of the Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) legacy survey, we have studied the variations of the dust composition and abundance across the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Such variations are expected, as the explosive events which have lead to the formation of the many H i shells observed should have affected the dust properties. Using a model and comparing with a reference spectral energy distribution from our Galaxy, we deduce the relative abundance variations of small dust grains across the LMC. We examined the infrared color ratios as well as the relative abundances of very small grains (VSGs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) relative to the big grain abundance. Results show that each dust component could have different origins or evolution in the interstellar medium (ISM). The VSG abundance traces the star formation activity and could result from shattering of larger grains, whereas the PAH abundance increases around molecular clouds as well as in the stellar bar, where they could have been injected into the ISM during mass loss from old stars.
Comparison of conformational characteristics in structurally similar protein pairs

Although it is known that three‐dimensional structure is well conserved during the evolutionary development of proteins, there have been few studies that consider other parameters apart from divergence of the main‐chain coordinates. In this study, we align the structures of 90 pairs of homologous proteins having sequence identities ranging from 5 to 100%. Their structures are compared as a function of sequence identity, including not only consideration of Cα coordinates but also accessibility, Ooi numbers, secondary structure, and side‐chain angles. We discuss how these properties change as the sequences become less similar. This will be of practical use in homology modeling, especially for modeling very distantly related or analogous proteins. We also consider how the average size and number of insertions and deletions vary as sequences diverge. This study presents further quantitative evidence that structure is remarkably well conserved in detail, as well as at the topological level, even when the sequences do not show similarity that is significant statistically.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Alveolar Bone and Soft Tissue Dimensions of Maxillary Central Incisors for Immediate Implant Placement: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assisted Analysis

Introduction:This study explored the relationship between the thickness of bone and soft tissue along the labial and palatal aspect of maxillary central incisors. The influence of overall socket width, labiopalatal positioning of the incisor on the bone, and soft tissue thickness were also investigated. Materials and Methods:This study used cone-beam computed tomography of 150 patients to determine labial, palatal soft and hard tissue thickness, labiopalatal (B-P) socket width and corelated the same to the labiopalatal positioning of maxillary central incisors. Results:Mean (SD) thicknesses of the labial soft tissue at cervical (C), midroot (M), and apical (A) locations and the corresponding bone thicknesses were 1.07 (0.28), 0.987 (0.27), 1.240 (0.41), and 0.928 (0.39), 0.894 (0.52), 1.57 (0.88), respectively. Similarly, palatal soft tissue and bone thicknesses at locations C, M, A were 1.807 (0.66), 1.557 (0.62), 1.639 (0.66), and 1.679 (0.62), 3.439 (1.28), 6.038 (1.63), respectively. Mean (SD) thicknesses of the B-P socket width at location C was 8.047 (0.963). Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between the labial and palatal bone and corresponding soft tissue thickness, between thickness of the labial bone and the labiopalatal thickness of the alveolar socket. No correlation was observed between the thickness of the labial cortical bone and the labiopalatal positioning of the tooth.
A Meta-analysis of Success Rates for Digit Replantation

The decision to replant a severed part is based on the numerous factors that influence survival of the part and the functional and aesthetic benefits gained from replanting. Not all amputees will benefit from or are candidates for replantation. The decision to proceed is therefore made by the surgeon who must consider the mechanism and extent of injury, the age of the patient, the presence of other medical or surgical conditions, the likely functional outcomes, and the patient's motivation to undergo a difficult procedure, which is followed by a lengthy recovery. This is a meta-analysis of the available studies that tracks the outcomes, based on 9 criteria, after the amputation of a total of 1803 digits in 1299 patients. By combining the data from numerous sources, a statistically significant picture emerges which may be used to educate patients and help guide the surgeon in the decision to replant.
[Studies on triterpenoid saponins in the rhizome of Anemone flaccida].

OBJECTIVE To study the triterpenoid saponins in the rhizome of Anemone flaccida. METHODS The constituents were separated with various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by means of physicochemical properties and the analysis of their spectral datas. RESULTS Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronypyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyra noside (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronypyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosy (1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyrano-syl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 -->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-oleanolic acid-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). CONCLUSION Compound 1 - 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 1,2 are isolated from this genus for the first time.
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Activity and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production Are Not Altered in DT40 Lymphoma B Cells Exposed to Power Line Frequency Magnetic Fields*

Exposure of wild-type DT40 lymphoma B cells or Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)-deficient DT40 cells reconstituted with the human btk gene to a 1-gauss 60-Hz electromagnetic field (EMF) has been reported to rapidly increase inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins 1,4,5-P3) production (1, 2). Here we have used BTK-deficient DT40 B cells reconstituted with the humanbtk gene to evaluate the reproducibility of these findings. An experimental design with blinded exposures and anti-IgM treatment to induce Ins 1,4,5-P3 production as a positive control, showed no significant effect of a 1-gauss 60-Hz EMF on Ins 1,4,5-P3 production. Because recent work has shown that the activation of BTK was required for EMF-responsiveness (2), we also evaluated the reproducibility of this finding in wild-type DT40 cells. BTK was activated in a dose- and time-dependent manner by treatment with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. However, the ability to detect BTK activation, as measured by increased autophosphorylation by immune complex kinase assay, was dependent on the kinase buffer. Using cells from the original investigators, no evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that exposure to a 1-gauss 60-Hz EMF had a causal effect on protein-tyrosine kinase activities affecting Ins 1,4,5-P3 production.
THE CONDITIONS FOR SPECIATION THROUGH INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION

Abstract It has been shown theoretically that sympatric speciation can occur if intraspecific competition is strong enough to induce disruptive selection. However, the plausibility of the involved processes is under debate, and many questions on the conditions for speciation remain unresolved. For instance, is strong disruptive selection sufficient for speciation? Which roles do genetic architecture and initial composition of the population play? How strong must assortative mating be before a population can split in two? These are some of the issues we address here. We investigate a diploid multilocus model of a quantitative trait that is under frequency-dependent selection caused by a balance of intraspecific competition and frequency-independent stabilizing selection. This trait also acts as mating character for assortment. It has been established previously that speciation can occur only if competition is strong enough to induce disruptive selection. We find that speciation becomes more difficult for very strong competition, because then extremely strong assortment is required. Thus, speciation is most likely for intermediate strengths of competition, where it requires strong, but not extremely strong, assortment. For this range of parameters, however, it is not obvious how assortment can evolve from low to high levels, because with moderately strong assortment less genetic variation is maintained than under weak or strong assortment—sometimes none at all. In addition to the strength of frequency-dependent competition and assortative mating, the roles of the number of loci, the distribution of allelic effects, the initial conditions, costs to being choosy, the strength of stabilizing selection, and the particular choice of the fitness function are explored. A multitude of possible evolutionary outcomes is observed, including loss of all genetic variation, splitting in two to five species, as well as very short and extremely long stable limit cycles. On the methodological side, we propose quantitative measures for deciding whether a given distribution reflects two (or more) reproductively isolated clusters.
Detection of psychopathologic trends in glossodynia patients.

&NA; Glossodynia affects primarily middle‐aged women. Although many possible etiologies have been proposed for the syndrome, most have not been substantiated. In the present study 56 glossodynia patients were evaluated for their psychopathologic profile as reflected by the SCL‐90 questionnaire. The data show that glossodynia patients present a relatively high psychopathologic profile, especially on the scales of somatization and depression. Significant correlations were found between the intensity of pain experienced by the patients and some of the SCL‐90 scales (somatization, depression, anxiety, GSI and PSDI). No correlations were found between SCL‐90 scores and duration of symptoms, prevalence of symptoms per day and patient's condition during the past year. Patients living alone were found to differ significantly from those living with a significant other (overall group effect significant at the 0.01 level). The data suggest that psychopathologic trends may be associated with glossodynia.
Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Chicken Population in South West and South Part of Ethiopia

3 Abstract: The Phenotypic characteristics of four indigenous chicken populations in Ethiopia were studied. A total of 240 individual chickens, (six months older in age) 120 chickens from each study zone i.e. South west Showa zone and Gurage zone were characterized under traditional management system for qualitative and quantitative traits. The results indicated that the predominant plumage color of four types of indigenous chickens was brown (32.8 %) followed by gray mixture (14.4 %) and red brownish with black (14.4 %). Values indicate that 33.73% of indigenous chickens had whitish shank color followed by yellowish 32.48%; brown 11.40% and black 7.75 %. Almost all chickens (81.5%) in the study area had ear lob and the dominant ear lob colour were both red (30.6%) and red&white (30.6%) followed by white (26.7%). Regarding the head shape 72.8 % of the chicken in the study area had plain head shape and the remaining 27.2 % had crest head shape. Variations were also found on quantitative morphological traits such as wattle length, shank length and body length and body weight. The four indigenous chickens showed distinct physical variations for both qualitative and quantitative traits under traditional management system.
Eggshells as hosts of bacterial communities: An experimental test of the antimicrobial egg coloration hypothesis

Abstract Oviparous animals have evolved multiple defenses to prevent microbes from penetrating their eggs and causing embryo mortality. In birds, egg constituents such as lysozyme and antibodies defend against microbial infestation, but eggshell pigments might also impact survival of bacteria. If so, microbes could exert an important selective pressure on the evolution of eggshell coloration. In a previous lab experiment, eggshell protoporphyrin caused drastic mortality in cultures of Gram positive, but not Gram negative, bacteria when exposed to light. Here, we test this “photodynamic antimicrobial hypothesis” in a field experiment. In a paired experimental design, we placed sanitized brown, protoporphyrin‐rich chicken eggs alongside white eggs that lack protoporphyrin. We deployed eggs for 48 hr without incubation, as can occur between laying and incubation, when microbial infection risk is highest. Eggs were placed on the open ground exposed to sunlight and in dark underground storm‐petrel burrows. We predicted that the proportion of Gram‐positive bacteria on brown eggs should be lower when exposed to sunlight than when kept in the dark, but we expected no such difference for white eggs. Although our data revealed variation in bacterial community composition, the proportion of Gram‐positive bacteria on eggshells did not vary by egg color, and there was no interaction between egg color and location. Instead, Gram‐positive bacteria were proportionally more common on eggs on the ground than eggs in burrows. Overall, our experiment did not support the photodynamic antimicrobial hypothesis. The diverse range of avian egg colors is generated by just two pigments, but over 10 hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of eggshell color. If our results are generalizable, eggshell protoporphyrin might not play a substantial role in defending eggs against microbes, which narrows the field of candidate hypotheses for the evolution of avian eggshell coloration.
Evidence for the relation of herpes simplex virus type 1 to Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease

The peripheral and central nervous system are harbouring herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and this virus has been proposed to be implicated in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested whether the HSV‐1 genome is found indeed in the brain of controls, patients with AD and Down syndrome (DS) and whether HSV‐1 infectious proteins in brain were induced. Moreover, we tested whether interleukin (IL)‐6, a marker for neuroinflammation, is found in brains of AD and DS. HSV‐1 glycoprotein D gene, as well as viral phosphoprotein and glycoprotein were detected in all brain samples. IL‐6 was detectable in seven out of the eight AD and all of the eight DS patients, but only three out of ten controls in the frontal cortex. IL‐6 in cerebellum was detectable in all AD and DS patients, but only three out of nine controls. In conclusion, we propose that the detection of HSV‐1 genome and HSV‐1 inducible protein IL‐6 not only shows the presence in human brain, but may indicate a role for HSV‐1 in the process of neuroinflammation and apoptosis, known to occur in both neurodegenerative disorders, AD and DS.