Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CT in simple partial seizures in children: a clinical and computed tomography study

Introduction – Therapeutic relevance of computed tomography (CT) in children with simple partial seizures (SPS) is reported to be remarkably low (1–2%). There are no studies, however, from the developing countries where neuroinfections are among important causes of seizures. The present study from India is aimed at evaluating the significance of CT in the management of SPS in children and to determine the difference in clinical features of children with and without focal brain lesions in CT. Patients and methods – CT scans of all patients aged 15 years or younger with SPS, seen over a period of 15 months, were reviewed. The clinical features of the patients with focal lesions in the CT were compared with those of children without focal abnormalities. Results – Focal structural lesions were present in 117 (59.09%) of 198 children. These included: solitary contrast enhancing CT lesion – 16.16%, focal calcification – 12.12%, cysticercosis – 10.10%, focal atrophy – 9.59%, tuberculoma – 6.56% and infarction – 6.06%. Neuroinfections or their sequelae were responsible for seizures in 89 children (44.94%). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical features of patients with and without focal lesions in CT. Conclusion – CT study in children with SPS in developing countries has significant therapeutic relevance. It is not possible to clinically differentiate children with focal lesions from those without focal lesions in CT.
Oncomodulin identifies different hair cell types in the mammalian inner ear

The tight regulation of Ca2+ is essential for inner ear function, and yet the role of Ca2+ binding proteins (CaBPs) remains elusive. By using immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), we investigated the expression of oncomodulin (Ocm), a member of the parvalbumin family, relative to other EF‐hand CaBPs in cochlear and vestibular organs in the mouse. In the mouse cochlea, Ocm is found only in outer hair cells and is localized preferentially to the basolateral outer hair cell membrane and to the base of the hair bundle. Developmentally, Ocm immunoreactivity begins as early as postnatal day (P) 2 and shows preferential localization to the basolateral membrane and hair bundle after P8. Unlike the cochlea, Ocm expression is substantially reduced in vestibular tissues at older adult ages. In vestibular organs, Ocm is found in type I striolar or central hair cells, and has a more diffuse subcellular localization throughout the hair cell body. Additionally, Ocm immunoreactivity in vestibular hair cells is present as early as E18 and is not obviously affected by mutations that cause a disruption of hair bundle polarity. We also find Ocm expression in striolar hair cells across mammalian species. These data suggest that Ocm may have distinct functional roles in cochlear and vestibular hair cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3785–3802, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PENGARUH ENVIRONMENTAL COST TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN (Studi Pada Perusahaan Kimia First Section yang Terdaftar di Japan Exchange Group Perode 2013 – 2015)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Environmental Cost towards Profitability, measured by profitability ratio, ROA, ROE, and NPM, and also the effect of Environmental Cost towards Firm Value, measured by PER and Tobin’s Q. The type of this research was explanatory research with quantitative approach. The object of this study was First Section Chemical Companies listed in Japan Exchange Group Period 2013 – 2015. This study used 27 chemical companies environmental data which is taken from Sustainibility Report or CSR Report and Annual Report from 2013 to 2015. So, the total of the sample is 81 samples. Descriptive analysis and Simple Regression analysis was used as a data analysis techniques. Keywords: Environmental Cost, Profitability, Firm Value АBSTRАK Tujuаn dаri pеnеlitiаn ini аdаlаh untuk mеnguji pеngаruh Еnvironmеntаl Cost tеrhаdаp Profitаbilitаs yаng diukur dеngаn mеnggunаkаn rаsio profitаbilitаs, ROА, ROЕ dаn NPM, sеrtа pеngаruh Еnvironmеntаl Cost tеrhаdаp Nilаi Pеrusаhааn yаng diukur dеngаn PЕR dаn Tobin’s Q. Jеnis pеnеlitiаn yаng digunаkаn dаlаm pеnеlitiаn ini аdаlаh pеnеlitiаn еksplаnаtoridеngаn pеndеkаtаn kuаntitаtif. Objеk Pеnеlitiаn dаlаm pеnеlitiаn ini yаitu Pеrusаhааn Kimiа First Sеction yаng tеrdаftаr di Jаpаn Еxchаngе Group pеriodе 2013 – 2015. Pеnеlitiаn ini mеnggunаkаn 27 sаmpеl pеrusаhааn dеngаn dаtа Еnvironmеntаl cost yаng diаmbil dаri Sustаinibility Rеport аtаu CSR Rеport , dаtа profitаbilitаs nilаi pеrusаhааn yаng diаmbil dаri Аnnuаl Rеport dаri tаhun 2013 – 2015, sеhinggа tеrdаpаt 81 sаmpеl pеnеlitiаn. Tеknik аnаlisis yаng digunаkаn аdаlаh аnаlisis dеksriptif dаn аnаlisis rеgrеsi liniеr sеdеrhаnа. Kаtа Kunci: Biаyа Lingkungаn, Profitаbilitаs dаn Nilаi Pеrusаhааn.
International law and its transformation through the outlawry of war

The First World War was the last great war of what we have called the “old world order” — the legal regime that European states adopted in the seventeenth century and spent the next three centuries imposing on the rest of the globe. This order formed the basis of what scholars call “classical international law. ” But this body of rules differed starkly from the ones that governs today: The old world order did not just sanction war, it relied on and rewarded it. States were permitted to wage war to right any legal wrong, and the right of the victors to extract territory and treasure from the losers was legally guaranteed. That all began to change when the nations of the world decided to outlaw war in the 1928 Kellogg-Briand treaty. As a result, the rules governing international behaviour have transformed radically — indeed, they are the polar opposite of what they once were. This article describes the decision to outlaw war and the transformation it unleashed in the world order generally, and in international law specifically. We argue that a simple but perplexing fact—that modern international law prohibits states from using force to enforce international law — is key to understanding international law and state behavior in the modern era.
Migrants’ Remittances and Gross National Savings in Nigeria (1986-2016): An Empirical Study

Migrants’ remittances in Nigeria have increased substantially over the past four decades. It is expected that such massive inflows should be impacted positively on the country’s gross national savings in Nigeria. However, in spite of the growth of migrants’ remittances, the impacts of these inflows on gross national savings have not been adequately investigated by researchers in Nigeria. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of migrants’ remittances on gross national savings in Nigeria between 1986 and 2016. The data for the study were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the African Development Indicators. The study employed the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares Method to estimate the impact. Results revealed that migrants’ remittance and gross domestic product in the country have a direct and significant relationship with the level of the gross national savings in Nigeria. It was further revealed that a percent increase in the level of remittance increased the gross national savings by 85 percent. However, inflation rate, age dependency ratio and exchange rate were not statistically significant in explaining the level of gross national savings in the study period. The study concluded that migrants’ remittance is robust enough to impact on national savings in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that government should institute appropriate monetary, fiscal and trade policy measures that will effectively encourage the inflows of formal remittances into the country in order to raise the level of national saving. Keywords: Remittances, Savings, Inflation, Indicators, Dependency Ratio.
The Effect of Earnings Management and Earnings Persistence on Earnings Response Coefficient: Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to examine the effect of earnings management and earnings persistence on earnings response coefficient. The sample of research is consumer sector company period 2013 - 2016 which listed in Indonesia stock exchange. The results showed that earnings management had a negative effect not significant on the income response coefficient. The earnings management will reduce the quality of earnings that will negatively reacted investors. While earnings persistence positive effect on earnings response coefficient.
Dynamic neural activity during stress signals resilient coping

Significance We live in a time of increasing terror, stress, and trauma, and yet humans show a remarkable ability to cope under high stress states. How the brain supports such active resilient coping is not well-understood. Findings showed high stress levels are accompanied by dynamic brain signals in circuits representing the stress reaction, adaptation, and behavioral control responses. In addition, a ventromedial prefrontal cortical region showed initial decreases in brain activation, but then mobilized with increased activation, and this dynamic change was correlated with active coping. Conversely, individuals who failed to show such “neuroflexibility” in this specific ventromedial prefrontal region reported higher maladaptive coping behaviors. Findings suggest that strategies to promote such neuroflexibility under stress may increase stress resilience in humans. Active coping underlies a healthy stress response, but neural processes supporting such resilient coping are not well-known. Using a brief, sustained exposure paradigm contrasting highly stressful, threatening, and violent stimuli versus nonaversive neutral visual stimuli in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we show significant subjective, physiologic, and endocrine increases and temporally related dynamically distinct patterns of neural activation in brain circuits underlying the stress response. First, stress-specific sustained increases in the amygdala, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, right insula, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) regions supported the stress processing and reactivity circuit. Second, dynamic neural activation during stress versus neutral runs, showing early increases followed by later reduced activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), left DLPFC, hippocampus, and left insula, suggested a stress adaptation response network. Finally, dynamic stress-specific mobilization of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC), marked by initial hypoactivity followed by increased VmPFC activation, pointed to the VmPFC as a key locus of the emotional and behavioral control network. Consistent with this finding, greater neural flexibility signals in the VmPFC during stress correlated with active coping ratings whereas lower dynamic activity in the VmPFC also predicted a higher level of maladaptive coping behaviors in real life, including binge alcohol intake, emotional eating, and frequency of arguments and fights. These findings demonstrate acute functional neuroplasticity during stress, with distinct and separable brain networks that underlie critical components of the stress response, and a specific role for VmPFC neuroflexibility in stress-resilient coping.
Induction of CD4-Independent E7-Specific CD8+ Memory Response by Heat Shock Fusion Protein

ABSTRACT Infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is strongly associated with a number of disease states, of which cervical and anal cancers represent the most drastic endpoints. Induction of T-cell-mediated immunity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), is important in eradication of HPV-induced lesions. Studies have shown that heat shock protein fusion proteins are capable of inducing potent antigen-specific CTL activity in experimental animal models. In addition, E7-expressing tumors in C57BL/6 mice can be eradicated by treatment with HspE7, an Hsp fusion protein composed of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Hsp65 linked to E7 protein of HPV16. More importantly, HspE7 has also displayed significant clinical benefit in phase II clinical trials for the immunotherapy of HPV-related diseases. To delineate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HspE7, we investigated the capability of HspE7 to induce antigen-specific protective immunity. Here, we demonstrate that HspE7 primes potent E7-specific CD8+ T cells with cytolytic and cytokine secretion activities. These CD8+ T cells can differentiate into memory T cells with effector functions in the absence of CD4+ T-cell help. The HspE7-induced memory CD8+ T cells persist for at least 17 weeks and confer protection against E7-positive murine tumor cell challenge. These results indicate that HspE7 is a promising immunotherapeutic agent for treating HPV-related disease. Moreover, the ability of HspE7 to induce memory CD8+ T cells in the absence of CD4+ help indicates that HspE7 fusion protein may have activity in individuals with compromised CD4+ functions, such as those with invasive cancer and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Forced Expiratory Volume in 6 s (FEV6) and FEV1/FEV6 Values as a Viable Alternative for Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC Values During Pregnancy in South East Nigeria: A Preliminary Study

Background: Forced expiratory volume in 6 s (FEV 6 ) and FEV 1 /FEV 6 ratio have traditionally been used as a surrogate for forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV 1 /FVC in the assessment of spirometric lung function in nonpregnant subjects. However, the existence of this relationship during pregnancy is yet to be ascertained. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if FEV 6 and FEV 1 /FEV 6 can effectively be used instead of FVC and FEV 1 /FVC in the interpretation of lung function test during pregnancy. Subjects and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 200 pregnant women who were recruited by using systematic random sampling during the period between April and October 2011. One hundred matched nonpregnant women served as control. A standard spirometer was used to determine the FVC, FEV 6 , FEV 1 /FVC, and FEV 1 /FEV 6 . Data analysis was done using SPSS version 11.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Values were recorded as mean (standard deviation), and also median and interquartile ranges. The one-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitey U and the Kruskal-Wallis were used to test for significance where applicable. P <0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: All the values were within normal range, but the FVC and FEV 6 decreased significantly while the FEV 1 /FVC and FEV 1 /FEV 6 increased as pregnancy progressed. However, for first and last trimester, FVC differed significantly from FEV 6 . The values of the FVC were comparable to the values of FEV 6 . The FEV 1 /FVC and FEV 1 /FEV 6 ratio were similar and well above the 0.7 cutoff for obstructive lung diseases. Conclusion: FEV 6 requires a short exhalation time and can effectively be used in place of FVC in evaluation of lung function test during pregnancy. The FEV 1 /FEV 6 may be applied as a proxy for FEV 1 /FVC in pregnant and nonpregnant women.
Exploiting evidential theory in the fusion of textual, audio, and visual modalities for affective music video retrieval

Developing techniques to retrieve video contents with regard to their impact on viewers' emotions is the main goal of affective video retrieval systems. Existing systems mainly apply a multimodal approach that fuses information from different modalities to specify the affect category. In this paper, the effect of exploiting two types of textual information to enrich the audio-visual content of music video is evaluated; subtitles or songs' lyrics and texts obtained from viewers' comments in video sharing websites. In order to specify the emotional content of texts, an unsupervised lexicon-based method is applied. This method does not need any human-coded corpus for training and is much faster than supervised approach. In order to integrate these modalities, a new information fusion method is proposed based on the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. Experiments are conducted on the video clips of DEAP dataset and their associated viewers' comments on YouTube. Results show that incorporating songs' lyrics with the audio-visual content has no positive effect on the retrieval performance, whereas exploiting viewers' comments significantly improves the affective retrieval system. This could be justified by the fact that viewers' affective responses depend not only on the video itself but also on its context.
Osmotic stress decreases complexity underlying the electrophysiological dynamic in soybean.

Studies on plant electrophysiology are mostly focused on specific traits of single cells. Inspired by the complexity of the signalling network in plants, and by analogy with neurons in human brains, we sought evidence of high complexity in the electrical dynamics of plant signalling and a likely relationship with environmental cues. An EEG-like standard protocol was adopted for high-resolution measurements of the electrical signal in Glycine max seedlings. The signals were continuously recorded in the same plants before and after osmotic stimuli with a -2 MPa mannitol solution. Non-linear time series analyses methods were used as follows: auto-correlation and cross-correlation function, power spectra density function, and complexity of the time series estimated as Approximate Entropy (ApEn). Using Approximate Entropy analysis we found that the level of temporal complexity of the electrical signals was affected by the environmental conditions, decreasing when the plant was subjected to a low osmotic potential. Electrical spikes observed only after stimuli followed a power law distribution, which is indicative of scale invariance. Our results suggest that changes in complexity of the electrical signals could be associated with water stress conditions in plants. We hypothesised that the power law distribution of the spikes could be explained by a self-organised critical state (SOC) after osmotic stress.
Photocrosslinking of benzophenone-labeled single cysteine troponin I mutants to other thin filament proteins.

The interaction sites of rabbit skeletal troponin I (TnI) with troponin C (TnC), troponin T (TnT), tropomyosin (Tm) and actin were mapped systematically using nine single cysteine residue TnI mutants with mutation sites at positions 6, 48, 64, 89, 104, 121, 133, 155 or 179 (TnI6, TnI48 etc.). Each mutant was labeled with the heterobifunctional photocrosslinker 4-maleimidobenzophenone (BP-Mal), and incorporated into the TnI.TnC binary complex, the TnI.TnC. TnT ternary troponin (Tn) complex, and the Tn.Tm. F-actin synthetic thin filament. Photocrosslinking reactions carried out in the presence and absence of Ca(2+) yielded the following results: (1) BP-TnI6 photocrosslinked primarily to TnC with a small degree of Ca(2+)-dependence in all the complex forms. (2) BP-TnI48, TnI64 and TnI89 photocrosslinked to TnT with no Ca(2+)-dependence. Photocrosslinking to TnC was reduced in the ternary versus the binary complex. BP-TnI89 also photocrosslinked to actin with higher yields in the absence of Ca(2+) than in its presence. (3) BP-TnI104 and TnI133 photocrosslinked to actin with much higher yields in the absence than in the presence of Ca(2+). (4) BP-TnI121 photocrosslinked to TnC with a small degree of Ca(2+)-dependence, and did not photocrosslink to actin. (5) BP-TnI155 and TnI179 photocrosslinked to TnC, TnT and actin, but all with low yields. All the labeled mutants photocrosslinked to TnC with varying degrees of Ca(2+)-dependence, and none to Tm. These results, along with those published allowed us to construct a structural and functional model of TnI in the Tn complex: in the presence of Ca(2+), residues 1-33 of TnI interact with the C-terminal domain hydrophobic cleft of TnC, approximately 48-89 with TnT, approximately 90-113 with TnC's central helix, approximately 114-125 with TnC's N-terminal domain hydrophobic cleft, and approximately 130-150 with TnC's A-helix. In the absence of Ca(2+), residues approximately 114-125 move out of TnC's N-terminal domain hydrophobic cleft and trigger the movements of residues approximately 89-113 and approximately 130-150 away from TnC and towards actin.
Distribution of HIV‐1 subtypes seen in an AIDS clinic in Sao Paulo City, Brazil

Objective: To determine the distribution of HIV‐1 subtypes in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Samples were obtained from 80 consecutive HIV‐1‐infected individuals attending the Immunodeficiency Clinic at the University of Sao Paulo in 1993. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated by Ficoll‐Hypaque gradient and a portion was used for routine CD4 counts; the remainder were frozen. PBMC were proteinase‐K‐digested and DNA‐purified by organic extraction. Samples were amplified for the env region of HIV, and envelope sequence subtypes determined by heteroduplex mobility analysis using prototypic subtypes as references. A subset of these were also sequenced through the C2‐V3 region of env. Results: A total 69 of 80 samples yielded env polymerase chain reaction product enabling subtype determination; samples that did not amplify were those with low DNA yields. Among 12 injecting drug users (IDU) or sexual partners of IDU, four were typed as clade F and eight as clade B. Forty‐three homosexual men or female sexual partners of bisexual men were typed as clade B. The 14 additional cases without known risk factors were typed as clade B. Conclusion: These data suggest that subtype F is related to injecting drug use in Brazil.
Buyer Power and Mutual Dependency in a Model of Negotiations

We study bilateral bargaining between several buyers and sellers in a framework that allows both sides, in case of a bilateral disagreement, flexibility to adjust trade with each of their other trading partners and receive the gross benefit generated by each adjustment. A larger buyer pays a higher per‐unit price when buyers' bargaining power in bilateral negotiations is sufficiently low, and a lower price otherwise. An analogous result holds for sellers. These predictions, and the implications of different technologies, are explained by the fact that size is a source of mutual dependency and not an unequivocal source of power.
Proinflammatory follicular helper T cells promote immunoglobulin G secretion, suppress regulatory B cell development, and correlate with worse clinical outcomes in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies. Both bacterial virulence factors and host chronic inflammation are thought to promote gastric cancer development. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of follicular helper T cells in gastric cancer. Functions of follicular helper T subsets were examined in Helicobacter pylori–infected gastric cancer patients and H. pylori–infected but asymptomatic individuals. We found that the follicular helper T cells in gastric cancer individuals were skewed toward the Th1 and Th17 subsets compared to those in H. pylori–infected but asymptomatic individuals. In a naive B cell–follicular helper T cell coculture, the Th1–follicular helper T cells by themselves were ineffective at stimulating a robust antibody response, unlike the Th2–follicular helper T and Th17–follicular helper T cells. However, Th1–follicular helper T cells significantly promoted the immunoglobulin G response in collaboration with other follicular helper T subsets, through the secretion of interferon gamma. We also found that Th1–follicular helper T cells suppressed the development of interleukin-10+ regulatory B cells, a cell type previously thought to protect H. pylori–infected individuals from tissue damage. In addition, the frequency of Th1–follicular helper T cells in gastric cancer patients was negatively correlated with the disease-free survival of gastric cancer patients after tumor resection. These results suggested that dysregulation of follicular helper T subsets in gastric cancer patients, characterized by increased Th1–follicular helper T cells, contributed to inflammation and tumor development.