Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Modeling Success in Email Search

Email has been a dominant form of communication for many years, and email search is an important problem. In contrast to other search setting, such as web search, there have been few studies of user behavior and models of email search success. Research in email search is challenging for many reasons including the personal and private nature of the collection. Third party judges can not look at email search queries or email message content requiring new modeling techniques. In this study, we built an opt-in client application which monitors a user's email search activity and then pops up an in-situ survey when a search session is finished. We then merged the survey data with server-side behavioral logs. This approach allows us to study the relationship between session-level outcome and user behavior, and then build a model to predict success for email search based on behavioral interaction patterns. Our results show that generative models (MarkovChain) of success can predict the session-level success of email search better than baseline heuristics and discriminative models (RandomForest). The success model makes use of email-specific log activities such as reply, forward and move, as well as generic signals such as click with long dwell time. The learned model is highly interpretable, and reusable in that it can be applied to unlabeled interaction logs in the future.
Fc gamma RIIA H/R 131 polymorphism, subclass-specific IgG anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 antibodies and clinical course in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.

The explanation why only a subset of patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) develop clinically apparent thromboses (HITT) remains uncertain. It has been proposed that platelet activation induced by cross-linking of Fc gamma RIIA by anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies is central to the pathogenesis of thrombosis. The observation that a common functional polymorphism of Fc gamma RIIA, involving either an arginine (R) or histidine (H) at amino acid 131, may underlie disease susceptibility prompted us to investigate the prevalence of receptor isoforms in patients with HIT and HITT. Furthermore, because these isoforms reportedly differ in their avidity for immune complexes containing human IgG2, we also analyzed sera from patients with HIT and HITT for the prevalence of various subclass-specific IgG anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies. No difference in the allele frequency of Fc gamma RIIA-H131 or R131 was identified among 13 patients with HIT or 23 with HITT compared with 102 controls (chi 2 = 1.21, P = .8). Furthermore, although most patients had IgG2 antibodies (62%), IgG, was the predominant subclass in 30 of the 34 patients with IgG anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies and in 12 was the exclusive subclass found. Also, there was no association between the concordance of IgG2 anti-heparin/ PF4 antibodies and the expression of Fc gamma RIIA-H131 in patients with HITT compared with patients with thrombocytopenia alone. These results make it unlikely that the Fc gamma RIIA-H131 isoform or IgG2 anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies are required to develop HITT, suggesting that factors in addition to cross-linking of Fc gamma RIIA receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with heparin-dependent antiplatelet: antibodies.
A cross-national study on the multidimensional characteristics of the five-item psychological demands scale of the job content questionnaire

Background: The five-item psychological demands scale of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) has been assumed to be one-dimensional in practice. Purpose: To examine whether the scale has sufficient internal consistency and external validity to be treated as a single scale, using the cross-national JCQ datasetsfrom the United States, Korea, and Japan. Method: Exploratory factor analyses with 22 JCQ items, confirmatory factor analyses with the five psychological demands items, and correlations analyses with mental health indexes. Results: Generally, exploratory factor analyses displayed the predicted demand/ control/support structure with three and four factors extracted. However, at more detailed levels of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the demands scale showed clear evidence of multi-factor structure. The correlations of items and subscales of the demands scale with mental health indexes were similar to those of the full scale in the Korean and Japanese datasets, but not in the U.S. data. In 4 out of 16 sub-samples of the U.S. data, several significant correlations of the components of the demands scale with job dissatisfaction and life dissatisfaction were obscured by the full scale. Conclusion: The multidimensionality of the psychological demands scale should be considered in psychometric analysis and interpretation, occupational epidemiologic studies, and future scale extension.
The role of outbound-revealing open innovation: Theoretical extension and case study

Although open innovation has drawn more and more attention, the value of outbound-revealing is still mysterious and attractive, since firm could not see the direct benefits by revealing knowledge outside freely. By a mini case study of user innovation, we proposed that outbound-revealing would help firm achieve better inbound-sourcing, thereby to improve its innovation performance.
The construction of spatial mental models—A new view on the continuity effect

Many studies show that spatial reasoning with information that describe relations between two or more objects relies on the construction and inspection of mental models. This article mainly focuses on the phenomenon that humans have more difficulties in processing spatial information that is not directly related to each other—for example, presented discontinuously—what is also known as the continuity effect. The article investigates how humans integrate such information into one unified mental model. In four experiments, we investigated the question whether (a) reasoners construct more than one (preliminary) model, with the first two premises presented in a discontinuous description, and integrate the models afterwards, or alternatively (b) construct one preliminary model that is later modified in the light of the last parts of problem description. The results support the second assumption and offer a new view on the continuity effect and the fundamental principles of model construction and variation in human spatial reasoning.
Forskolin and the meiosis inducing substance synergistically initiate meiosis in fetal male germ cells

We have shown that Meiosis Inducing Substance (MIS) and forskolin synergistically and dose dependently induce meiosis in germ cells of cultured fetal mouse testes. We used a bioassay which consists of fetal mouse testes and ovaries cultured for 6 days. In this study MIS media are spent culture media from 24 hour cultures of minced adult mouse testes. In the bioassay one gonad of each fetus is cultured either in MIS medium, in control medium with forskolin, or in MIS medium with forskolin. The other gonad serves as the control and is cultured in control medium. After culture the gonads are fixed, squashed, and DNA‐stained. In these preparations germ cells and somatic cells can be distinguished, and the number of germ cells in the different stages of meiosis is counted as is the number of somatic cells in mitosis. MIS activity is defined to be present in a medium when meiosis is induced in male germ cells during culture. We found that MIS media as well as forskolin induced meiosis in fetal male germ cells in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, MIS media and forskolin acted synergistically by inducing meiosis. Female germ cells seem to be unaffected by the various culture media. These findings indicate that receptors for stimuli of meiotic initiation may exist in germ cells or neighbouring somatic cells. In addition to induction of meiosis, MIS media and forskolin also dose dependently increase the number of male germ cells compared to controls. This increase is correlated with induction of advanced stages of meiosis: Male germ cells seem to survive better if they are triggered to enter meiosis. Neither MIS media nor forskolin affected the growth of somatic cells. We therefore propose that MIS media has a growth factor activity with a specific effect on meiotic initiation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Contracting Roots of Human Rights

There is a broad consensus that democracy and economic development are among the key factors that promote better human rights practices in nations, but there is little agreement on how this happens. This article reports evidence that human rights, democracy, and development may all be at least partially explained by a fourth factor: market-contracting. Studies in economic history and sociology have established that in developing countries many exchanges of goods and services occur within social networks of friends and family. New institutionalist approaches posit that daily habits give rise to corresponding values and world-views. This study integrates these two fields of study to show how economic dependency on friends and family can promote perceived interests in discriminating strangers from out-groups and abiding by the orders of leaders. Dependency on strangers on a market, in contrast, can promote more individualistic identities and perceived interests in a state that enforces law and contracts with impartiality. This may cause the governments of nations with marketplace societies to be less likely than others to imprison political opponents and act contrary to law. On a large sample of nations from 1977 to 2000, robust support is found for this view: a change from weak to high levels of market-contracting is associated with a substantial 49% to 61% reduction in risk of state repression in nations. At least some of the variance in state repression accounted for by democracy and development may be attributed to market-contracting. This article introduces a new and robust variable in the field of human rights research, with direct policy implications: to reduce state repression, a crucial task is the achievement of market-oriented economic development.
Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by NAD(P)H Oxidase Inhibit Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells*

One reason why pancreatic cancer is so aggressive and unresponsive to treatments is its resistance to apoptosis. We report here that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a prosurvival, antiapoptotic factor in pancreatic cancer cells. Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells generated ROS, which was stimulated by growth factors (serum, insulin-like growth factor I, or fibroblast growth factor-2). Growth factors also stimulated membrane NAD(P)H oxidase activity in these cells. Both intracellular ROS and NAD(P)H oxidase activity were inhibited by antioxidants tiron and N-acetylcysteine and the inhibitor of flavoprotein-dependent oxidases, diphenylene iodonium, but not by inhibitors of various other ROS-generating enzymes. Using Rho0 cells deficient in mitochondrial DNA, we showed that a nonmitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidase is a major source of growth factor-induced ROS in pancreatic cancer cells. Among proteins that have been implicated in NAD(P)H oxidase activity, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells do not express the phagocytic gp91phox subunit but express several nonphagocytic oxidase (NOX) isoforms. Transfection with Nox4 antisense oligonucleotide inhibited NAD(P)H oxidase activity and ROS production in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Inhibiting ROS with the antioxidants, Nox4 antisense, or MnSOD overexpression all stimulated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells as measured by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, cytochrome c release, and effector caspase activation. The results show that growth factor-induced ROS produced by NAD(P)H oxidase (probably Nox4) protect pancreatic cancer cells from apoptosis. This mechanism may play an important role in pancreatic cancer resistance to treatment and thus represent a novel therapeutic target.
Responses of Dairy Cows to Supplemental Highly Digestible Rumen Undegradable Protein and Rumen-protected Forms of Methionine*

Metabolizable protein (MP) supply and amino acid balance in the intestine were manipulated through selection of highly digestible rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) sources and protected methionine (Met) supplementation. Four ruminally- cannulated, multiparous Holstein cows averaging 193±13 days in milk were used in a 4×4 Latin square design to assess N utilization and milk production responses to changes in RUP level, post-ruminal RUP digestibility and protected Met supplementation. Treatments were A) 14.0% crude protein (CP), 8.0% rumen degradable protein (RDP) and 6.0% RUP of low intestinal digestibility (HiRUP-LoDRUP); B) 14.1% CP, 8.1% RDP and 6.0% RUP of high intestinal digestibility (HiRUP-HiDRUP); C) 13.1% CP, 7.9% RDP and 5.2% RUP of high intestinal digestibility (LoRUP-HiDRUP), and D) 13.1% CP, 7.9% RDP and 5.2% RUP of high intestinal digestibility plus rumen escape sources of Met (LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met). Experimental diets were formulated to have similar concentrations of RDP, net energy of lactation (NEL), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium, phosphorus and ether extract using the NRC model (2001). Results showed that dry matter intake (DMI), production of milk fat and protein were similar among treatments. Milk production was similar for diet HiRUP-LoDRUP, HiRUP-HiDRUP and LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met, and significantly higher than diet LoRUP-HiDRUP. Milk fat and protein percentage were higher for cows receiving HiDRUP treatments, with the greatest increases in the diet LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met. There was no significant change in ruminal pH, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration among all treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), CP, NDF and ADF and estimated bacterial CP synthesis were similar for all treatments. Nitrogen intakes, blood and milk urea-N concentrations were significantly higher for cows receiving HiRUP diets. Urine volume and total urinary N excretion were significantly lowered by LoRUP diets. Lowering dietary RUP level while supplementing the highly digestible RUP source with rumen escape sources of Met resulted in similar milk production, maximal milk fat and protein concentration and maximum N efficiency, indicating that post-ruminal digestibility of RUP and amino acid balance in the small intestine
Splenectomy Does Not Offer Immunological Benefits in ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation With a Preoperative Rituximab

Background. Preformed anti-ABO antibodies are primarily responsible for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) liver transplantation (LT) resulting in lethal hepatic necrosis and biliary complications. Splenectomy, an integral part of protocol for ABO-I LT, decreases anti-ABO antibodies. With the preoperative rituximab prophylaxis, role of the splenectomy for ABO-I LT is now under debate. We investigated the necessity of splenectomy by retrospective analyses of the short-term anti-ABO antibody response and long-term outcomes of ABO-I LT. Methods. Thirty-seven ABO-I LTs performed from May 2006 through July 2009, at Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan, were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-seven patients who underwent splenectomy (splenectomy group) received 329.6±35.8 mg rituximab 17.7±11.9 days before living donor LT. Ten patients without splenectomy (nonsplenectomy group) received 320.0±10.3 mg rituximab 26.6±21.3 days before transplantation. All patients received a posttransplant hepatic artery infusion with prostaglandin E1 and methylprednisolone. Perioperative anti-ABO immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibody titers, rejections, biliary complications, infections, and survival results were compared. Results. Preoperative rituximab with plasma exchange effectively reduced anti-ABO antibodies in both patient groups at the time of LT. There was no statistically significant difference observed in anti-ABO immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibody titers between the “splenectomy” and “nonsplenectomy” groups during the initial 8 weeks. The clinical outcomes, including AMR, biliary complications, infections, and survival, were similar in both the groups. Conclusions. Preoperative rituximab effectively decreased the anti-ABO antibodies sufficiently to prevent the AMR irrespective of splenectomy. Splenectomy does not offer any immunological benefit in ABO-I LT with preoperative rituximab.
PAC coding for real-time video transmission over mobile radio environment

To overcome the bandwidth limitation and to strengthen the channel effect immunity, a cube-based polynomial video coding scheme for mobile radio transmission is derived, named three-dimensional polynomial approximation coding (3D PAC). It also possesses the features of low bit rate of transmission data, robustness for channel fading and simple computation scheme for real-time processing. Compared with the videophone standard H.261, it gains advantage on resisting channel noise to 2 dB with same bit rate, and the superior subjective performance may be obtained.
Nerve endings in the human lumbar spinal column and related structures.

The nerve terminals of the human lumbar vertebral column and its related structures were studied with cholinesterase and silver-impregnation techniques in specimens from twenty-one autopsies (including two fetuses and two newborn infants) and fifteen surgical procedures. Nerve endings of three morphological types were found: (1) free fiber endings, (2) complex unencapsulated endings which sometimes had expanded tips, and (3) encapsulated endings. In the fetuses and newborn infants, encapsulated (Vater-Pacini) endings were primarily concentrated around the facet-joint capsules and on the ventrolateral surface of the annulus fibrosus. Many free nerve fibers and nerve networks were found in the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and in the peripheral layers of the annulus fibrosus. No nerve elements were found in the deeper zones of the annulus or in the nucleus pulposus. The cartilaginous end plates of the vertebrae had a nerve supply closely associated with the vascular sinusoids in the developing tissues of the fetuses and infants. In the adult specimens, fine free nerve fibers were observed in practically all anatomical locations studied. Complex, unencapsulated endings were concentrated primarily in the periosteum of the lumbar vertebrae and within the synovial intervertebral facet-joint capsules. Encapsulated nerve terminations were found only in the region of the fibrous facet capsules in the adult tissues. No significant increase in nerve elements was observed in several degenerated lumbar dises studied with the cholinesterase technique. Nerve fibers usually considered to be pain sensitive were found in the loose areolar tissue and periphery of the annulus fibrosus but none was seen within the body of the disc or in the nucleus pulposus.
Free‐running circadian rhythm of melatonin in a sighted man despite a 24‐hour sleep pattern: A non‐24‐hour circadian syndrome

Abstract Sleep and plasma melatonin rhythms were measured longitudinally in a sighted young man (21 years old) under a day‐night environment. At each measurement, the responsiveness of the melatonin rhythm to a single light pulse was examined in addition to the 24‐hour profile. In experiment 1, the timing of sleep was decided by the subject himself. Although most sleep episodes were observed between 21:02 h and 10:55 h, the plasma melatonin rhythm free‐ran for a period of 24.18 h. In experiment 2, the sleep‐wake schedule of the subject was strictly fixed. The subject was instructed to go to bed at 24:00 h and wake up, at the latest, before 8:00 h for 40 days. The melatonin rhythm, however, continued to free‐run for a period of 24.12 h. Nocturnal melatonin level could not be suppressed by a 3‐hour light pulse of 500 lx, but was suppressed by a pulse of 1000 lx. It is concluded that internal desynchronization occurred in this particular sighted subject where the sleep‐wake rhythm was entrained by the 24‐hour day‐night environment, whereas the plasma melatonin rhythm free ran, and that a forced sleep schedule did not act as a strong zeitgeber.
Action Imagery Combined With Action Observation Activates More Corticomotor Regions Than Action Observation Alone

Background and Purpose: Both action observation (AO) and action imagery have been proposed as therapeutic options for stroke rehabilitation. Currently, it is not clear to what extent their underlying neuronal mechanisms differ from each other and whether one of these therapeutic options might be preferable for this purpose. Methods: Twenty-six neurologically healthy subjects were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging during AO alone and during AO with additional action imagery of video clips showing simple, object-related hand actions. Results: The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal induced by AO increased in a bihemispheric, symmetrical network of areas including the occipital, superior, and inferior parietal cortex, dorsal and ventral premotor regions, and the prefrontal cortex. The addition of imagery to the AO elicited additional activation in both cerebellar hemispheres, caudate nucleus, ventral and dorsal premotor cortex, inferior parietal cortex, and the supplementary motor area. Discussion and Conclusion: These data reveal more profound activations of the motor system during AO in conjunction with imagery than during AO alone. These results may have important implications for neurorehabilitation and motor learning.
Norovirus Risk in Shellfish and Environmental Waters 2 3 Running title : F + RNA phages and Norovirus in shellfish and water 4 5

8 Université de Lorraine, LCPME (Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et 9 Microbiologie pour l’Environnement), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, 10 Nancy F-54000, France 11 CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, Nancy F-54000, France 12 Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et 13 Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France 14 Actalia, Food Safety Department, Saint-Lô F-50000, France 15 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, U2RM, 14000 Caen, France 16 LABEO Manche, Saint-Lô F-50000, France 17
Chronic hypoxia induces apoptosis in cardiac myocytes: a possible role for Bcl-2-like proteins.

The effect of prolonged hypoxia as well as the molecular mechanisms on cardiac cell death is not well established. A possible role of Bcl-2 and Bax in hypoxia-induced apoptosis in different cell types has been proposed. Here we demonstrate the effect of hypoxia on the induction of apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2-like proteins in vivo and in vitro. Hearts from rats exposed to chronic hypoxia (n = 4) showed an increased rate of apoptosis compared to normoxic hearts (n = 4). The induction of apoptosis in hypoxic hearts correlated with a significant decrease of Bcl-2 protein level, whereas Bax protein expression was increased. Exposure of isolated neonatal rat cardiac myocytes to hypoxia also resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis. However, Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels essentially remained unchanged. Our results may suggest a different molecular mechanism of hypoxia-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.