Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increases in Cardiac Output Can Reverse Flow Deficits from Vasospasm Independent of Blood Pressure: A Study Using Xenon Computed Tomographic Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow

INTRODUCTIONVasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage remains a management challenge. The accepted treatment involves hypertensive, hypervolemic, hemodilution therapy. However, there is variation in the application of this treatment. Most authors increase mean arterial pressure (MAP), which can be associated with significant morbidity. Others increase cardiac output (CO). In this study, we examined the relationship between volume status, CO, and MAP and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the setting of vasospasm. METHODSA xenon blood flow tomography-based system was used to quantitate CBF. Sixteen patients with vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated with hypervolemia, phenylephrine to increase MAP, or dobutamine to increase CO. Direct CBF measurements were obtained before and after treatment. A strength of this study is that only one variable (central venous pressure, MAP, or CO) was manipulated in each patient, and the effect of this change was measured immediately. RESULTSWith phenylephrine, mean MAP increased from 102.4 to 132.1 mm Hg. In regions of diminished CBF due to vasospasm, mean CBF increased from 19.2 to 33.7 ml/100 g/min. Similarly, dobutamine increased the cardiac index from a mean of 4.1 to 6.0 L/min/m2 and slightly decreased MAP. CBF increased from a mean of 24.8 to 35.4 ml/100 g/min. Both were statistically significant changes. With hypervolemia, the average central venous pressure increased from a mean of 5.4 to 7.3 cm H2O; no changes in mean CBF were noted. CONCLUSIONThis article reports the first human study that shows with direct measurements the independent influence of CO in the setting of vasospasm. Increases in CO without changes in MAP can elevate CBF. This finding has immediate clinical application because CO manipulation is much safer than increasing MAP. Because both interventions were equally efficacious, our protocol has been changed to augment CO as a first measure. Induced hypertension is reserved for patients in whom this initial treatment fails.
What types of cancer screening information are needed?

OBJECTIVE Seeking information about cancer is an important means by which individuals acquire cancer-related knowledge and know whether they should be screened for cancer. This study was performed to identify the desired types of cancer screening information and to describe patterns of information-seeking behavior. METHODS In August 2006, a questionnaire was administered to a population of South Korean adults who ranged in age from 40 to 70 years (n = 1,676). The chi-square test, linear regression, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS Only 7.8% of the study population reported seeking information about cancer within the previous 12 months. Respondents were more likely to seek information about cancer if they were younger than 49 years, had a post-high school education, were insured through Medicaid, perceived their health status to be fair or poor/very poor and had received prior cancer screening. The most desired information included methods of cancer screening, followed by procedures, benefits and necessity, and limits and side effects. Factors associated with the need for information were age (i.e., less than 49 years), residence (i.e., non-metropolitan), perceived health status (i.e., fair or poor/very poor), cancer family history, and prior cancer screening. CONCLUSION It is important to understand the characteristics of information seekers and non-seekers and to deliver cancer screening information based on individuals' needs to promote higher rates of cancer screening.
Epineurial Pseudocysts of the Intratemporal Facial Nerve

Objective Facial nerve pseudocysts are infrequently encountered during temporal bone surgery or neurotologic evaluation. This report describes the senior author's experience with epineurial pseudocysts of the intratemporal facial nerve. Study Design Retrospective case review. Setting Academic, tertiary referral center. Results Epineurial pseudocysts were identified on computed tomography in the mastoid segment in seven patients during evaluation for profound sensorineural hearing loss or facial nerve symptoms. Histopathologic examination revealed fibroadipose tissue without nerve tissue in five cases that underwent excision. Conclusions Facial nerve epineurial pseudocysts are uncommon, benign lesions of the mastoid segment. Surgical excision may be safely performed for facial motor symptoms or for cochlear implant placement.
Gait rehabilitation: a new biofeedback device for monitoring and enhancing weight-bearing over the affected lower limb.

AIM Gait rehabilitation programs often require either partial weight-bearing (PWB) or encourage full weight-bearing (FWB) on the affected limb. Until recently, there was no objective and practical way to measure correct weight-bearing during ambulation. The present study evaluates a new in-shoe device (SmartStep, Andante Medical Devices Ltd.) for measuring the amount of weight on the affected limb and for biofeedback gait training. METHODS The first part of the study aimed to establish the validity of the SmartStep by comparing the results obtained from this device with the results obtained from a force plate. The second part aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SmartStep as a biofeedback method in patients who have been referred for FWB gait rehabilitation. Analysis was based on independent samples t-test and chi squared test for evaluating statistically significant differences between the 2 gait rehabilitation modes. RESULTS The SmartStep could repeat the same results with 0.53 kg error of mean. Statistically significant correlation was found between results obtained from the SmartStep and from the force plate (R2=0.9067 and P=0.004). The use of the SmartStep auditory biofeedback, significantly (P=0.00031) improved patients' weight-bearing over the affected limb in the experimental group (7.9 kg +/-5.28) as compared to the control group (0.7+/-2.41 kg). CONCLUSIONS The SmartStep proved to be very reliable since it generated significant repeatable results which correlated significantly with those obtained from a force plate. Patients recommended for FWB gait can significantly improve body weight loading over the affected limb by the use of the SmartStep auditory biofeedback.
CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT‐SHOCK TOLERANCE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER EVOLVING AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES IN THE LABORATORY

We investigated the heat tolerance of adults of three replicated lines of Drosophila melanogaster that have been evolving independently by laboratory natural selection for 15 yr at “nonextreme” temperatures (18°C, 25°C, or 28°C). These lines are known to have diverged in body size and in the thermal dependence of several life‐history traits. Here we show that they differ also in tolerance of extreme high temperature as well as in induced thermotolerance (“heat hardening”). For example, the 28°C flies had the highest probability of surviving a heat shock, whereas the 18°C flies generally had the lowest probability. A short heat pretreatment increased the heat tolerance of the 18°C and 25°C lines, and the threshold temperature necessary to induce thermotolerance was lower for the 18°C line than for the 25°C line. However, neither heat pretreatment nor acclimation to different temperatures influenced heat tolerance of the 28°C line, suggesting the loss of capacity for induced thermotolerance and for acclimation. Thus, patterns of tolerance of extreme heat, of acclimation, and of induced thermotolerance have evolved as correlated responses to natural selection at nonextreme temperatures. A genetic analysis of heat tolerance of a representative replicate population each from the 18°C and 28°C lines indicates that chromosomes 1, 2, and 3 have significant effects on heat tolerance. However, the cytoplasm has little influence, contrary to findings in an earlier study of other stocks that had been evolving for 7 yr at 14°C versus 25°C. Because genes for heat stress proteins (hsps) are concentrated on chromosome 3, the potential role of hsps in the heat tolerance and of induced thermotolerance in these naturally selected lines is currently unclear. In any case, species of Drosophila possess considerable genetic variation in thermal sensitivity and thus have the potential to evolve rapidly in response to climate change; but predicting that response may be difficult.
Phenotypic hiding: the carryover of mutations in RNA viruses as shown by detection of mar mutants in influenza virus

When influenza virus monoclonal antibody-resistant (mar) mutants are selected by incubation in vitro with excess antibody, 90 to 99% of the mutants are not detectable. This observation may be explained by encapsidation of mar mutant RNAs within phenotypically wild-type envelopes. This phenotypic hiding can be revealed by selection of mar mutants in vivo after virus uncoating. Using experimental procedures appropriate to detect all viable mar mutants in a virus population, we determined precisely the mutation rates to the mar genotype by the fluctuation test for two nonoverlapping monoclonal antibodies.
The central nervous system in childhood leukemia: I. The arachnoid

A histopathologic study was performed to evaluate the distribution and extension of intracranial leukemic infiltrates and their relationship to other morphological disturbances of the central nervous system (CNS) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Of 126 brains examined, 70 had arachnoid leukemia at the time of autopsy. The earliest evidence of leukemia was seen in the walls of superficial arachnoid veins. With more advanced arachnoid leukemia, the disease was seen to extend into the deep arachnoid surrounding blood vessels as they course through the brain. The arachnoid leukemia followed a predictable expanding pattern to eventual invasion of brain parenchyma with destruction of the pia‐glial membrane. Leukemic infiltrate at the capillary‐neural tissue interface was present only following destruction of pia‐glial membrane secondary to deep arachnoid leukemia. Arachnoid fibrosis and certain brain parenchymatous lesions were found in association with arachnoid leukemia. The brain lesions included gliosis, necrosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and nonhemorrhagic degenerative encephalopathy. This study demonstrates that CNS leukemia is primarily an arachnoid disease. Disturbances of brain parenchyma apparently result from leukemic extension through pia‐glial membrane or interference with local perfusion due to constriction of blood vessels by perivascular arachnoid leukemia.
A morphology of the organisation of data governance

Both information systems (IS) researchers and practitioners consider data governance as a promisingapproach for companies to improve and maintain the quality of corporate data, which is seen ascritical for being able to meet strategic business requirements, such as compliance or integratedcustomer management. Both sides agree that data governance primarily is a matter of organisation.However, hardly any scientific results have been produced so far indicating what actually has to beorganised by data governance, and what data governance may look like. The paper aims at closingthis gap by developing a morphology of data governance organisation on the basis of acomprehensive analysis of the state of the art both in science and in practice. Epistemologically, themorphology represents an analytic theory, as it serves for structuring the research topic of datagovernance, which is still quite unexplored. Six mini case studies are used to evaluate the morphologyby means of empirical data. Providing a foundation for further research, the morphology contributesto the advancement of the scientific body of knowledge. At the same time, it is beneficial topractitioners, as companies may use it as a guideline when organising data governance.
Medical Options for Treating Crohn's Disease in Adults: Focus on Antitumor Necrosis Factor‐α Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can present with symptoms throughout the gastrointestinal system. Though the etiology of Crohn's disease is unknown, genetic and environmental factors seem to play a role. An imbalance of proinflammatory versus antiinflammatory cytokines is responsible for many of the symptoms. Tumor necrosis factor α, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, plays a particularly important role. Several treatment modalities for Crohn's disease exist, recently including antitumor necrosis factor chimeric monoclonal antibody (cA2). Treatment for Crohn's disease, including data on the safety and efficacy of cA2, will be reviewed.
Node Self-Localisation in Large Scale Sensor Networks

Efficient collaborative self-localisation is a vital component of large scale sensor network applications. This paper presents a computationally efficient algorithm for performing this task using radio interferometric positioning. In this way it is possible to localise the nodes in the network without needing additional sensors. Simulation results show performance that is similar to that obtained with a centralised approach but with significantly lower computation and transmission costs.
Rosiglitazone inhibits monocyte/macrophage adhesion through de novo adiponectin production in human monocytes

Rosiglitazone (RSG) has a variety of actions on both insulin sensitization and anti‐atherogenic effects. The molecular effect of RSG on monocyte/macrophage function in terms of de novo synthesis of adiponectin is not fully understood. Here, we examined the regulation of adiponectin expression in human monocytes/macrophages by RSG and its function on monocyte adhesion during initiation of atherosclerosis. Adiponectin expression in monocytes and macrophages was studied by RT‐PCR, quantitative real‐time PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. Signal transduction and adhesion molecules were studied in order to describe the function of de novo synthesized adiponectin in monocyte adhesion. Adiponectin was expressed and upregulated during monocyte differentiation. The expression of adiponectin was enhanced, albeit at a much lesser degree, by a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist RSG, which was similar to what was found in adipocytes. Monocyte adhesion was remarkably reduced when the cells were treated with RSG for 12 h. This inhibitory effect of RSG was abolished by specific anti‐adiponectin antibodies but not by non‐immune immunoglobulin G in a serum‐free condition. Adiponectin‐induced suppression on monocyte adhesion was inhibited by a selective AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C. The reduced expression and/or function of adhesion molecule integrins may underlie the mechanism contributing to reduced monocyte adhesion upon AMPK activation. Our data suggest that the inhibitory effect of RSG on monocyte adhesion might be at least in part through de novo adiponectin expression and activation of an AMPK‐dependent pathway, which might play an important role in atherogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1410–1419, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
White matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate brain white matter abnormalities by using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder close to illness onset. METHOD Ten patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 13 healthy volunteers received diffusion tensor imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Voxel-wise analysis was used to compare fractional anisotropy maps in the white matter of the two groups following intersubject registration to Talairach space. RESULTS Compared with healthy volunteers, patients demonstrated lower fractional anisotropy in the left internal capsule and left-hemisphere white matter of the middle frontal gyrus and posterior superior temporal gyrus. There were no areas of significantly higher fractional anisotropy in patients compared with healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that white matter pathology is present early in the course of schizophrenia and may be less pronounced than has been found in previous diffusion tensor imaging studies of patients with chronic illness. Further, these data are consistent with hypotheses regarding frontotemporal dysfunction and the failure of left-hemisphere lateralization in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
The Effect of Passive Smoking on Total Antioxidant Capacity of Serum and Saliva in Rats

Objective: Active and passive smoking lead to the production of a number of oxidants and antioxidants with various adverse health effects compromising the immune system. Tobacco use increases the production of free radicals as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of passive smoking on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum and saliva in rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 18 rats with an age range of 7-11 weeks weighing 160-200 g; 9 of them were exposed to cigarette smoke 3 times daily for 8 minutes. The 9 controls were not exposed to cigarette smoke. After injection of 0.2 mg/kg midazolam and 0.5 mg/kg pilocarpine, serum and saliva samples were taken from subjects in the exposure and control groups at 0, 15 and 30 days. Serum cotinine was measured using ELISA kit. TAC of saliva and serum was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. TAC values at different time points were statistically analyzed in each group using Repeated Measures ANOVA and compared between the two groups using t-test. Results: At baseline, no significant difference existed between the two groups in terms of serum cotinine concentration but at days 15 and 30, cotinine serum concentration significantly increased in the exposure group. At baseline and 30 days, no significant difference existed between the two groups of passive smoker and non-smoker in terms of serum TAC values but at day 15, serum TAC values were significantly higher in the exposure group. Also, TAC of salivawas significantly higher in the passive smoker group at baseline and at day 15 but at day 30, the difference in this respect between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, changes in TAC of serum and saliva in rats due to exposure to cigarette smoke were compensated by their immune system activity. However, further
ndocrine sequelae and metabolic syndrome in adult long-term survivors of hildhood acute myeloid leukemia

This study focuses on the effect of chemotherapy on endocrinopathies and the metabolic syndrome in adult survivors of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Endocrine function and metabolic syndrome were evaluated in 12 AML survivors, treated with chemotherapy, and in 9 survivors of myeloid leukemias treated with stem cell transplantation (SCT), after a median follow-up time of 20 years (range 9–31). In survivors treated with chemotherapy, no endocrinopathies or metabolic syndrome were present, although AMH and Inhibin B levels tended to be lower than in controls. In SCT survivors, pituitary deficiencies and metabolic syndrome were more frequent. eywords: hildhood cancer cute myeloid leukemia hemotherapy tem cell transplantation ndocrine sequelae © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fractional Triangle Decompositions in Graphs with Large Minimum Degree

A triangle decomposition of a graph is a partition of its edges into triangles. A fractional triangle decomposition of a graph is an assignment of a nonnegative weight to each of its triangles such that the sum of the weights of the triangles containing any given edge is one. We prove that every graph on $n$ vertices with minimum degree at least $0.9n$ has a fractional triangle decomposition. This improves a result of Garaschuk that the same conclusion holds for graphs with minimum degree at least $0.956n$. Together with a recent result of Barber, Kuhn, Lo, and Osthus, this implies that for all $\epsilon > 0$, every large enough triangle divisible graph on $n$ vertices with minimum degree at least $(0.9 + \epsilon)n$ admits a triangle decomposition.
Finding Planted Partitions in Random Graphs with General Degree Distributions

We consider the problem of recovering a planted partition such as a coloring, a small bisection, or a large cut in an (apart from that) random graph. In the last 30 years many algorithms for this problem have been developed that work provably well on various random graph models resembling the Erdos-Renyi model $G_{n,m}$. In these random graph models edges are distributed uniformly, and thus the degree distribution is very regular. By contrast, the recent theory of large networks shows that real-world networks frequently have a significantly different distribution of the edges and hence also a different degree distribution. Therefore, a variety of new types of random graphs have been introduced to capture these specific properties. One of the most popular models is characterized by a prescribed expected degree sequence. We study a natural variant of this model that features a planted partition. Our main result is that there is a polynomial time algorithm for recovering (a large part of) the planted partition in this model even in the sparse case, where the average degree is constant. In contrast to prior work, the input of the algorithm consists only of the graph, i.e., no further parameters of the model (such as the expected degree sequence) are revealed to the algorithm.