Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E Supplementation and Periventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Babies

Plasma vitamin levels in newborn babies are low compared with older infants, children, and adults (1-3). In preterm babies the levels remain low for several months, whereas in term babies plasma vitamin E rises during the first few weeks of life. Red blood cells of newborn babies are susceptible to hemolysis in a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide, and this is corrected by supplementation with vitamin E (4,5). A hemolytic anemia responsive to vitamin E supplementation was first described in artificially fed preterm babies at around 6 to 10 weeks of age by Hassan et al. (6) and Oski and Barness (7). Hemolysis is the least controversial effect of vitamin E deficiency in the newborn, but overt hemolytic anemia rarely occurs nowadays partly because of improved supplementation of artificial milks with vitamin E in relation to the polyunsaturated fat content. The two disorders that provoke controversy about the role of vitamin E in their pathogenesis and prevention are retinopathy of prematurity (retrolental fibroplasia) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Owens and Owens (1) drew attention to low serum vitamin E levels in preterm babies nearly 40 years ago and suggested that this was implicated in the causation of retrolental fibroplasia. Renewed interest in this subject in recent years has culminated in the proposal, based on electron microscopical observations, that vitamin E deficiency does indeed have an important role in the pathogenesis and prevention of what is now termed retinopathy of prematurity (8). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disorder of preterm babies who have received mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period. It is likely that both pulmonary barotrauma and oxygen toxicity have a role in the
Study on Total Phenolic , Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Water Extract of Endemic Plant Satureja Hortensis Leaves

Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxy toluene are restricted by legislative rules because they are suspected to have some toxic effects and as possible carcinogens. Keeping in this view, there has been a considerable interest by the industry and a growing trend in consumer preferences for natural antioxidants, in this study, total phenolics, flavonoids contents , antioxidant activity and the protective effects of water extract of Satureja hortensis L. , in stabilizing soybean oil against oxidation at different concentrations (200 and 400 ppm) were tested.The aerial parts of S. hortensis L. were extracted with 100 ml water. Soybean oil was selected due to its unsaturated fatty acids variety. Antioxidant activities of the water extract of the Satureja hortensis was evaluated by peroxide values and 2-thiobarbituric acid tests in soybean oil for 49 days every 7 days. To assess the antioxidant efficacy of extract, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and βcarotene/linoleic acid systems were used. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of samples were investigated. Oxidation experiments were carried out in triplicates; results were averaged and statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA by using SPSS 19. water extract could significantly lower the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value of oil (p≤0.05). The IC50 value for extract was 21.5 ± 0.7 μg/ml. In the βcarotene/linoleic acid system, aqueous extract exhibited 89.5 ± 1.20 % inhibitions against linoleic acid oxidation. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of extract was (161.12 ± 0. 28 m g/ g) and (76.39 ± 0. 22 mg/ g), expressed in Gallic acid and Quercetin equivalents, respectively.the leaves of satureja hortensis could be a good source of antioxidant and water extract of satureja may have potential application as natural antioxidant in the edible oil and food industry.
Treatment of brucellosis: a systematic review of studies in recent twenty years.

BACKGROUND The treatment of human brucellosis is controversial. The purpose of this study was to search published clinical trial papers to provide a simple and effective treatment in brucellosis. METHODS Many studies on brucellosis treatment in a twenty- year span from 1993 to 2012 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iranmedex and SID. The studies that were searched and classified in groups according to combination therapy and monotherapy and their results in treatment outcome were compared. Regimens with lower treatment failure or relapse were considered as more suitable for brucellosis treatment. RESULTS The comparison of combined doxycycline and rifampicin (DR) with a doxycycline plus streptomycin (DS) favors the latter regimen. The combined doxycycline/cotrimoxazole (DCTM) showed similar effect with DR. The treatment with the combined regimen including quinolones was similar to DR but with higher relapse rates. Higher relapse rate was searched in monotherapy (13% vs. 4.8%) and in short-term (less than 4 weeks) treatment regimen (22% vs. 4.8%), respectively. Although in children, clinical trials were limited but showed cotrimoxazole plus rifampin for six weeks was the best treatment regimen. CONCLUSION In uncomplicated brucellosis in adult patients, doxycycline-aminoglycoside combination is the first choice with doxycycline- rifampin and doxycycline-cotrimoxazole should be the alternative regimens. The other oral regimens including quinolones may be considered as alternatives. Cotrimoxazole plus rifampin for six weeks may be the regimen of choice for the treatment of patients younger than 8 years old. Gentamicin for 5 days plus cotrimoxazole for six weeks may be a suitable alternative regimen.
Isolation of Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infected Patients

This study investigated the susceptibility pattern of different bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection to different antibiotics. 83 uropathogen bacteria were isolated from 300 urine samples taken from patients attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital from March, 2011 through February, 2012. The patients were males and females aged between 4 days to 95 years. Bacteria obtained from urine samples were cultured and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 kinds of antibiotics. Urine samples were cultured on different media and incubated, thereafter bacteria were isolated and purified by streaking four times on the same media; isolates were identified depending on morphological, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics. The isolated strains of bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to some antibiotics using disk diffusion method. The antagonistic activity was evaluated by observing a clear zone of inhibition growth. The results showed that the bacterial species of Eschericia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Yersinia pestis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca and Hafnia alvei were identified in 44 (53%), 18 (21.7%), 4 (4.8%), 4 (4.8%), 3 (3.6%), 3 (3.6%), 3 (3.6%), 2 (2.4%), 1 (1.2%) and 1 (1.2%), respectively, of the isolates. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 83 (100%) isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Rifampicin and Erythromycin. 75 (90.3%) isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime, 67 (80.7%) isolates were resistant to Tobramyci. 66 (79.5%), 65 (78.3%), 56 (67.4%) and 48 (57.8%) isolates showed susceptibility to Nalidixic acid, Tetracycline, Nitrofurantoin, Chloramphenicol, respectively. 45 (54.2%) isolates were resistant to Azithromycin, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Meropenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, and Imipenem show significant effect on 35 (42.1%), 32 (38.5%), 27 (32.5%) and 1 (1.2%) isolates, respectively. In conclusion, significant bacteria count isolated from urine samples is pathogenic. The most effective antibiotic in inhibiting the bacterial growth was Imipenem while Ampicillin, Rifampicin and Erythromycin showed no effect on all 83 isolates (100%).
Analysis of cloud‐resolving simulations of a tropical mesoscale convective system observed during TWP‐ICE: Vertical fluxes and draft properties in convective and stratiform regions

We analyze three cloud-resolving model simulations of a strong convective event observed during the TWP-ICE campaign, differing in dynamical core, microphysical scheme or both. Based on simulated and observed radar reflectivity, simulations roughly reproduce observed convective and stratiform precipitating areas. To identify the characteristics of convective and stratiform drafts that are difficult to observe but relevant to climate model parameterization, independent vertical wind speed thresholds are calculated to capture 90% of total convective and stratiform updraft and downdraft mass fluxes. Convective updrafts are fairly consistent across simulations (likely owing to fixed large-scale forcings and surface conditions), except that hydrometeor loadings differ substantially. Convective downdraft and stratiform updraft and downdraft mass fluxes vary notably below the melting level, but share similar vertically uniform draft velocities despite differing hydrometeor loadings. All identified convective and stratiform downdrafts contain precipitation below ~10 km and nearly all updrafts are cloudy above the melting level. Cold pool properties diverge substantially in a manner that is consistent with convective downdraft mass flux differences below the melting level. Despite differences in hydrometeor loadings and cold pool properties, convective updraft and downdraft mass fluxes are linearly correlated with convective area, the ratio of ice in downdrafts to that inmore » updrafts is ~0.5 independent of species, and the ratio of downdraft to updraft mass flux is ~0.5-0.6, which may represent a minimum evaporation efficiency under moist conditions. Hydrometeor loading in stratiform regions is found to be a fraction of hydrometeor loading in convective regions that ranges from ~10% (graupel) to ~90% (cloud ice). These findings may lead to improved convection parameterizations. « less
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES AND PLANT TOLERANCE . THE ROLE OF ORNITHINE-δ-AMINOTRANSFERASE IN DURUM WHEAT PLANTS

The accumulation of proline (Pro) is often regarded as a basic strategy for protection and survival of plants under stress conditions. In this work, the tolerance of contrasting durum wheat genotypes to salt and cold stress was investigated. An in vitro growth test showed that after a 5-day period of salt and cold stress, the length and the dry weight of seedling root and shoot appears to be relevant parameters for differentiating salt and cold tolerance of the concerned cultivars. To evaluate the relative importance of ornithine (Orn) as a precursor in Pro synthesis, we isolated and sequenced a partial cDNA encoding the Orn-δ-aminotransferase (δ-OAT) from Triticum turgidum var. durum. TdδOAT contains an open reading frame (ORF) fragment encoding a 287 amino acid polypeptide. The expression patterns of Tdδ-OAT in durum wheat treated with salt (100 and 200 mM NaCl; 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) and cold (4 C; 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) stress were examined using quantitative PCR (qPCR). qPCR analysis revealed that the δ-OAT gene showed differential transcript level regulation according to organ and cultivar tolerance after both abiotic stresses. A peak in Tdδ-OAT expression was shown 48 h and 72 h after salt stress treatments (100 and 200 mM NaCl) in the roots and shoots of the salt tolerant cultivar, respectively. Furthermore, a significant increase in Tdδ-OAT expression was detected at 6 and 12 h in cold-stressed roots and shoots of the cold tolerant cultivar, respectively; while, the Tdδ-OAT gene showed the highest expression level at 12 and 48 h in cold-stressed roots and shoots of the cold sensitive cultivar, respectively. These results suggest that Tdδ-OAT is a stress inducible gene, yet a higher response was observed for the salt/cold-tolerant cultivar.
Aggression in imported fi re ants : an explanation for shifts in their spatial distributions in Southern United States ?

1. The imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (red), S. richteri Forel (black), and their hybrids ( S. invicta × S. richteri ) are sympatric congeners with overlapping but shifting spatial distributions in northern Alabama and Mississippi, United States. 2. The abilities of workers of the three ant forms (or species) to recognise nonnestmate conspecifics and heterospecifics were compared in separate aggression bioassays using three group sizes of competitor numbers (battles): 1-1, 5-1, and 5-5 resident – intruder battles. 3. Workers of all three forms showed significant aggression toward non-nestmate conspecifics and heterospecifics. The results of the intra-specific aggression bioassays showed that S. invicta had the lowest aggression threshold, whereas S. richteri was the least aggressive. Survival rates 1 day after intra-specific encounters were higher for S. richteri than for S. invicta or hybrids, consistent with its lower aggressiveness. 4. In inter-specific interactions, S. invicta workers showed the greatest aggression and were more aggressive towards S. richteri than to hybrids. Furthermore, survival 1 day after inter-specific encounters was highest for S. invicta workers, whether they were the intruders or residents. The hybrid form was intermediate between both parental forms in aggression and post-aggression survival. 5. The live 1-1 and 5-5 battles produced similar and consistent results, but differences were amplified in the 5-5 battles, suggesting an effect of group size on aggression. These results may explain the observed shifts in the spatial distributions of the three forms and range restriction of S. richteri in southern United States.
On Dynamics and Stability of the Automotive Engine Turbocharger Rotor Supported by the Electrodynamic Passive Magnetic Bearings

In the paper dynamic investigations on the automotive turbocharger rotor-shaft supported on the electrodynamic passive magnetic bearings (EDPMB) and on the traditional floating-ring journal bearings have been carried out using a computer model. The results of computations obtained for the two mutually compared kinds of suspension are demonstrated in the form of Campbell diagrams and amplitude-frequency characteristics. Here, the main attention is focused on resonant-free operation ability assured by the support on the EDPMBs. Moreover, conditions of stability for the support on the journal bearings and on the EDPMBs have been investigated by means of the eigenvalue analysis. There is studied an influence of skew-symmetrical dynamic properties of the both kinds of rotor-shaft suspensions caused by the bearing stiffness negative cross-coupling terms as well as by the gyroscopic effects which are particularly severe at turbocharger high rotational speeds.
Diffusion Tractography Biomarkers of Pediatric Cerebellar Hypoplasia/Atrophy: Preliminary Results Using Constrained Spherical Deconvolution

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Advances in MR imaging modeling have improved the feasibility of reconstructing crossing fibers, with increasing benefits in delineating angulated tracts such as cerebellar tracts by using tractography. We hypothesized that constrained spherical deconvolution–based probabilistic tractography could successfully reconstruct cerebellar tracts in children with cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy and that diffusion scalars of the reconstructed tracts could differentiate pontocerebellar hypoplasia, nonprogressive cerebellar hypoplasia, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen children with cerebellar ataxia and pontocerebellar hypoplasia, nonprogressive cerebellar hypoplasia or progressive cerebellar atrophy and 7 controls were included in this study. Cerebellar and corticospinal tracts were reconstructed by using constrained spherical deconvolution. Scalar measures (fractional anisotropy and mean, axial and radial diffusivity) were calculated. A general linear model was used to determine differences among groups for diffusion MR imaging scalar measures, and post hoc pair-wise comparisons were performed. RESULTS: Cerebellar and corticospinal tracts were successfully reconstructed in all subjects. Significant differences in diffusion MR imaging scalars were found among groups, with fractional anisotropy explaining the highest variability. All groups with cerebellar pathologies showed lower fractional anisotropy compared with controls, with the exception of cerebellar hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the feasibility of constrained spherical deconvolution to reconstruct cerebellar and corticospinal tracts in children with morphologic cerebellar pathologies. In addition, the preliminary results show the potential utility of quantitative analysis of scalars of the cerebellar white matter tracts in children with cerebellar pathologies such as cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy. Further studies with larger cohorts of patients are needed to validate the clinical significance of our preliminary results.
Recent Belle Results on Flavor Physics

Belle is a B-factory experiment at KEK using KEKB asymmetric e+e− collider. During 19992010, Belle has accumulated more than 711fb−1 of Υ(4S) resonance samples. At the conference, two recent Belle analyses, B0 → νν̄(invisible) and B+ → `ν`, using the hadronic-tagging method were reviewed. The hadronic-tagging method is used for collecting clean BB samples whereby the modes with one or more final state neutrinos can be unambiguously studied.
MOBILITY AS A PROXY FOR DEFINING CULTURES : RECONSIDERING IDENTITY AND TRANSHUMANCE FROM A LONG-RUN PERSPECTIVE

Mobility as a proxy for defining cultures: reconsidering identity and transhumance from a long-run perspective. In this work, we study, from an ethno-archaeological perspective, the different ways of live in the traditional communities of pastoralists in the areas of Maremma (Tuscany Italy). Different solutions are documented on settlement patterns and residential mobility in a very small geographic space. Rural communities in these mountainous areas have preserved, until very recently, some traditional ways of life in which livestock have had a major influence on their livelihoods. The domestic animals have been exploited with an interesting variety of specialized formulas, involving different settlement patterns and residential mobility systems. It is very interesting to contrast the coincidence of different groups of shepherds with different ways of life in a limited mountainous space, and the strong geographical and environmental constraints of Maremma plain. This creates a research context where we can reflect on the great variability of social and cultural aspects within Pastoralism. We will try to understand the construction of identities in a frontier area and to discuss about the use of paradigms like “nomads” or “transhumants” in Mediterranean archaeology. My purpose is to reconsider the category of identity and analyzed different kind of mobility patterns (not necessary identified as strictly transhumance) by using the more comprehensive paradigms of agro-sylvo-pastoral systems. Rezumat: Mobilitatea ca mod de reprezentare pentru definirea tipurilor de cultură. Reconsiderând identitatea şi transhumanţa dintr-o perspectivă pe termen lung. Această lucrare analizează din perspectivă etno-arheologică diferitele tipuri ale modurilor de viaţă ale comunităţilor pastorale din Maremma (Toscana Italia). Prin urmare, lucrarea analizează modelele mobilităţii rezidenţiale într-o comunitate mică din punct de vedere geografic. Comunităţile rurale din spaţiile montane investigate sunt bine conservate până în prezent. În cadrul acestora îndeletnicirile tradiţionale au influenţat modul de viaţă al comunităţilor. Animalele domestice au fost exploatate în moduri diferite fapt care şi-a pus amprenta asupra sistemelor de mobilitate rezidenţială. În consecinţă este foarte interesant de analizat modul de viaţă al diferitelor comunităţi de păstori într-un spaţiu montan restrâns şi limitat din punct
SCALE AND SIZE EFFECTS IN THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE AND SANDWICH MATERIALS

This paper presents experimental results from tests performed on three types of materials widely used in marine applications: glass reinforced polyester laminate panels produced by hand lay-up, foam core sandwich panels, and filament wound glass and carbon/epoxy cylinders. For all three types of material static tests have been carried out at different scales; results from some scaled impact tests are also reported.
THE ISLAMIC BONDS MARKET : POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES

It is clear from this definition that in the conventional system of bond issuance and trading the issue of interest is at the centre of any transaction. In contrast, in the Islamic financial system usury and interest are the first elements to be avoided. However, this does not mean that the door of debt financing or, more generally, the possibility of bonds issuance and trading is closed to Islamic finance. However, it shall be noted that beside the rejection of the obvious system of interest in bond trading, the Islamic alternative must also avoid any transaction of debt and credit on future basis which may result in usury and interest.
An alternative formulation of geometrical stiffness matrix for thin-walled I-beam element

To simplify laborious procedure in formulating geometric stiffness matrix of thin-walled beam element, this study decomposes an I-beam element into three narrow beam components in conjunction with geometrical hypothesis of rigid cross section. First the Yang et al.’s simplified geometric stiffness matrix [kg]12x12 of a rigid beam element was applied to the basis of geometric stiffness of a narrow beam element. So we can use rigid beam assemblage and stiffness transformation procedure to derivate the geometric stiffness matrix [kg]14x14 of an I-beam element. It is emphasized that the nodal warping deformations are included. From the derived [ kg]14x14 matrix, it can take into account the nature of various rotational moments, such as semitangential (ST) property for St. Venant torque and quasi-tangential (QT) property for both bending moment and warping torque. The applicability of the proposed [ kg]14x14 matrix to buckling problem and geometric nonlinear analysis of loaded I-shaped beam structures will be verified and compared with the results presented in existing literatures. Key-Words: Geometric nonlinear analysis; Rigid beam; Thin-walled beam; Warping.
Structured retrieval using SOLR

This report presents SOLR Annographix: a software suite for indexing and querying annotation graphs generated by NLP pipelines. E ectiveness and e ciency of the software was evaluated in a document retrieval task for the purpose of factoid question answering (QA). To this end, we employed the AQUAINT text collection and TREC QA topics. The actual queries were generated from answer-bearing sentences using an approach of Bilotti [3]. Queries that included linguistically-motivated constraints outperformed unstructured queries: The di erences were substantial and statistically signi cant. In addition, we experimented with queries generated from randomly selected corpus sentences: It was possible to retrieve original documents in at least 90% of cases, while spending less than 0.1 sec per query (on average). These results are encouraging. Yet, the system needs to be improved by (1) implementing annotation compression, (2) extending the query language, (3) implementing better graph matching algorithms that would be less dependent on an early termination heuristic.