Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF POST‐TRAUMATIC AMNESIA IN YOUNG CHILDREN

To assess the duration of post‐traumatic amnesia (PTA) in children, a new procedure is described, derived from a method described previously for adults. The procedure was tested on 70 healthy children between 3·5 and 10 years of age, then applied in a longitudinal prospective study of 54 children with brain damage resulting from closed head‐injury. The procedure consistently measured PTA in children of various ages. The duration of PTA was found to be as good a prognostic indicator for the occurrence of long‐term residual sequelae as is duration of coma.
Positional demands of professional rugby

Abstract Rugby union is a physically intense intermittent sport coupled with high force collisions. Each position within a team has specific requirements which are typically based on speed, size and skill. The aim of this study was to investigate the contemporary demands of each position and whether they can explain changes in psychophysiological stress. Urine and saliva samples were collected before and after five selected Super 15 rugby games from 37 players. Total neopterin (NP), cortisol and immunoglobulin A were analysed by SCX-high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Global positioning system software provided distance data, while live video analysis provided impact data. All contemporary demands were analysed as events per minute of game time. Forwards were involved in more total impacts, tackles and rucks compared to backs (p < 0.001), while backs were involved in more ball carries and covered more total distance and distance at high speed per minute of game time (p < 0.01). Loose forwards, inside and outside backs covered significantly more distance at high speed (p < 0.01), while there was a negligible difference with number of impacts between the forward positions. There was also minimal difference between positions in the percentage change in NP, cortisol and sIgA. The results indicate distance covered and number of impacts per minute of game time is position-dependent whereas changes in psychophysiological stress are independent. This information can be used to adapt training and recovery interventions to better prepare each position based on the physical requirements of the game.
Affect regulation and prevention of risky behaviors.

Citations Contact me when this article is cited. Topic collections Contact me when new articles are published in these topic areas. Medicine; Pediatrics, Other; Psychiatry; Adolescent Psychiatry Patient-Physician Relationship/ Care; Psychosocial Issues; Pediatrics; Adolescenthttp://pubs.ama-assn.org/misc/permissions.dtl
A Model for Enhancing Human Behaviour with Security Questions: A Theoretical Perspective

Security questions are one of the mechanisms used to recover passwords. Strong answers to security questions (i.e. high entropy) are hard for attackers to guess or obtain using social engineering techniques (e.g. monitoring of social networking profiles), but at the same time are difficult to remember. Instead, weak answers to security questions (i.e. low entropy) are easy to remember, which makes them more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Convenience leads users to use the same answers to security questions on multiple accounts, which exposes these accounts to numerous cyber-threats. Hence, current security questions implementations rarely achieve the required security and memorability requirements. This research study is the first step in the development of a model which investigates the determinants that influence users' behavioural intentions through motivation to select strong and memorable answers to security questions. This research also provides design recommendations for novel security questions mechanisms.
Plasma Concentrations of Immunoreactive Beta-Endorphin and Substance P in Patients Undergoing Surgery under General vs Spinal Anaesthesia

The magnitude of the surgery related stress is different in patients undergoing operation under spinal vs general anaesthesia. The response to surgical stress is mediated through the hypothalamus and is characterized by the release of various neuropeptide hormones. The differences in stress response could be related to the different level of activation of autonomic brain centers (hypothalamus) and adrenal medulla under different anaesthetic techniques. In fact the level of most stress hormones (i.e. catecholamines, Cortisol, endorphins, prolactin, insulin, glucagon etc.) is lower under spinal than general anaesthesia (Moore and McQuay 1985). Neither the reason for this difference nor the consequence of the different neuroendocrine response on some metabolic and immune function of the body under different methods of anaesthesia is fully understood. Recently some authors have demonstrated that stress response blockade may change the perioperative morbidity and even mortality to advantage, which further indicated the practical significance of further basic research in this field (Yeager, Glass, Neff and Brinck-Johnsen 1987; Anand and Hickey 1992).
Stable bronchiectasis is associated with low serum L‐ficolin concentrations

Background and Aims: Bronchiectasis is a common chronic respiratory condition with recurrent cough and sputum production and recurrent chest infections. It is characterised by pathological dilatation of the bronchi thought to result from infection and inflammation. It was hypothesised that impaired innate immunity might influence susceptibility to this disease process. The aim of the present study was to look for an association between bronchiectasis and insufficiency of either mannan‐binding lectin (MBL) or L‐ficolin.
Increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with medium term rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To measure the extent of atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a disease duration of considerable length, and in age and sex matched individuals. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with RA (30 women, 9 men) with disease onset occurring between 1974 and 1978, and less than 65 years of age at the time of investigation, were enrolled together with 39 sex and age matched controls. Quantitative measurement of intima-media thickness (IMT) and semiquantitative assessment of the presence of plaque were undertaken by B-mode ultrasound of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) and the common femoral artery on the right-hand side. Echo Doppler cardiography was performed with an Accuson Aspen. The results were related to disease activity variables and accumulated disease activity, to lipid levels [i.e., cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG)], to hemostatic factors [tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPAag), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF)], and to soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sE-selectin). RESULTS Patients with RA had higher maximal and mean IMT values compared with controls. The difference concerning mean CCA-IMT reached statistical significance in patients with RA and correlated significantly with lipids (cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, TG) and tPAag. The prevalence of plaques, as well as of aortic cusp sclerosis, was higher in RA but only the difference in aortic cusp sclerosis was statistically significant. Patients with plaques had significantly higher levels of lipids (cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio) than patients without plaques, while patients with cusp sclerosis had significantly higher cholesterol and TG levels. sICAM-1 was significantly higher both in patients with plaques and in those with aortic cusp sclerosis compared to patients without. CONCLUSION Our results suggest an accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with RA that is related mainly to lipid levels.
The perceptual organization of sine-wave speech under competitive conditions.

Speech comprises dynamic and heterogeneous acoustic elements, yet it is heard as a single perceptual stream even when accompanied by other sounds. The relative contributions of grouping "primitives" and of speech-specific grouping factors to the perceptual coherence of speech are unclear, and the acoustical correlates of the latter remain unspecified. The parametric manipulations possible with simplified speech signals, such as sine-wave analogues, make them attractive stimuli to explore these issues. Given that the factors governing perceptual organization are generally revealed only where competition operates, the second-formant competitor (F2C) paradigm was used, in which the listener must resist competition to optimize recognition [Remez, R. E. , et al. (1994). Psychol. Rev. 101, 129-156]. Three-formant (F1+F2+F3) sine-wave analogues were derived from natural sentences and presented dichotically (one ear=F1+F2C+F3; opposite ear=F2). Different versions of F2C were derived from F2 using separate manipulations of its amplitude and frequency contours. F2Cs with time-varying frequency contours were highly effective competitors, regardless of their amplitude characteristics. In contrast, F2Cs with constant frequency contours were completely ineffective. Competitor efficacy was not due to energetic masking of F3 by F2C. These findings indicate that modulation of the frequency, but not the amplitude, contour is critical for across-formant grouping.
The use of elearning in medical education: a review of the current situation

Computers are increasingly used in medical education. Electronic learning (elearning) is moving from textbooks in electronic format (that are increasingly enhanced by the use of multimedia adjuncts) to a truly interactive medium that can be delivered to meet the educational needs of students and postgraduate learners. Computer technology can present reliable, reusable content in a format that is convenient to the learner. It can be used to transcend geographical boundaries and time zones. It is a valuable tool to add to the medical teacher’s toolkit, but like all tools it must be used appropriately. This article endeavours to review the current “state of the art2 in use of elearning and its role in medical education alongside non-electronic methods—a combination that is currently referred to as “blended” learning.
Research activities and perceptions of barriers to research utilization among Turkish nurses.

BACKGROUND This study assessed the barriers to the use of research in nursing practice among Turkish registered nurses. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study of 718 nurses in three hospitals was conducted. The data collection instrument used for the study consisted of the Barriers to Research Utilization Scale and a self-administered questionnaire that included demographic data, educational background, and nurses' involvement in research activities. RESULTS Almost half of the participants (48.5%) responded that they had attended academic conferences in the past 2 years. Most of the participants had not published a research article (90.5%), and 23.4% reported that they had never read research articles. Seven items within the top 10 barriers were found on the setting subscale. CONCLUSION The results describe the research activities and perceptions of the barriers to the use of research among nurses in Turkey. Creating an organizational climate that values research use and supports nurses in participating in research activities is crucial.
Recombinant tagging system using ribosomal frameshifting to monitor protein expression

For rapid and accurate quantitation of recombinant proteins during expression and after purification, we introduce a new tagging strategy that expresses both target proteins and limitedly tagged target proteins together in a single cell at a constant ratio by utilizing cis‐elements of programmed ‐1 ribosomal frameshifting (‐1RFS) as an embedded device. ‐1RFS is an alternative reading mechanism that effectively controls protein expression by many viruses. When a target gene is fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene with a ‐1RFS element implanted between them, the unfused target and the target‐GFP fusion proteins are expressed at a fixed ratio. The expression ratio between these two protein products is adjustable simply by changing ‐1RFS signals. This limited‐tagging system would be valuable for the real‐time monitoring of protein expression when optimizing expression condition for a new protein, and in monitoring large‐scale bioprocesses without a large metabolic burden on host cells. Furthermore, this strategy allows for the direct measurement of the quantity of a protein on a chip surface and easy application to proteomewide study of gene products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 898–904. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of days fed, carcass grade traits, and subcutaneous fat removal on postmortem muscle characteristics and beef palatability.

Angus x Hereford steers (n = 48) similar in frame size and in muscle thickness were allotted to eight groups (n = 6) of similar mean live weight for serial slaughter at 28-d intervals (0 to 196 d). Except for d-0 steers, which served as grass-fed controls, all steers were fed a high-concentrate diet during the finishing period. Upon slaughter, one side of each carcass was trimmed of subcutaneous fat in the wholesale rib region. Postmortem longissimus muscle (LM) temperature was monitored for each side during the 24-h chilling period. After quality and yield grade data were collected, rib steaks were removed and aged (7 d) and sensory traits of the steaks were evaluated. Most carcass grade traits increased linearly (P less than .01) with days on feed, whereas most sensory panel variables and marbling increased curvilinearly (P less than .05). Generally, after 56 d on feed, carcasses chilled at slower rates (P less than .05) with increased days fed. Taste panel tenderness, amount of perceived connective tissue, and shear force values peaked at 112 d and were slightly less desirable for cattle fed longer than 112 d (quadratic term, P less than .01). Postmortem muscle temperature at 2.5 h was the chilling time most highly correlated with tenderness values among untrimmed sides. Correlations for shear force with 2.5-h LM temperature, marbling score, days fed, fat thickness, and carcass weight were -. 63, -. 61, -. 56, -. 55, and -. 53, respectively. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Young Psychophysiologist Award address, 1980. Cardiovascular responses to effortful active coping: implications for the role of stress in hypertension development.

Recent contributions to the literature on stress and hypertension are discussed. The significance of effortful active coping in evoking sympathetically-mediated heart rate and blood pressure increases is supported by results of studies involving both aversive and appetitive task incentives. Young healthy males who are above-average in heart rate during coping tasks show consistently higher heart rates and systolic pressures during other stresses as well, but are indistinguishable from less reactive persons when relaxed. Studies involving beta-blockade indicate that these above-average cardiovascular increases are partly due to a greater beta-adrenergic response among the high heart rate reactors. In addition, the parents of these high heart rate reactors report a greater incidence of hypertension than parents of low reactors, suggesting that high cardiovascular responses during active coping stress may reflect a high degree of susceptibility to later hypertension.
Different but overlapping populations of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs and humans—Dogs as a possible source for zoonotic strongyloidiasis

Strongyloidiasis is a much-neglected soil born helminthiasis caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Human derived S. stercoralis can be maintained in dogs in the laboratory and this parasite has been reported to also occur in dogs in the wild. Some authors have considered strongyloidiasis a zoonotic disease while others have argued that the two hosts carry host specialized populations of S. stercoralis and that dogs play a minor role, if any, as a reservoir for zoonotic S. stercoralis infections of humans. We isolated S. stercoralis from humans and their dogs in rural villages in northern Cambodia, a region with a high incidence of strongyloidiasis, and compared the worms derived from these two host species using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms. We found that in dogs there exist two populations of S. stercoralis, which are clearly separated from each other genetically based on the nuclear 18S rDNA, the mitochondrial cox1 locus and whole genome sequence. One population, to which the majority of the worms belong, appears to be restricted to dogs. The other population is indistinguishable from the population of S. stercoralis isolated from humans. Consistent with earlier studies, we found multiple sequence variants of the hypervariable region I of the 18 S rDNA in S. stercoralis from humans. However, comparison of mitochondrial sequences and whole genome analysis suggest that these different 18S variants do not represent multiple genetically isolated subpopulations among the worms isolated from humans. We also investigated the mode of reproduction of the free-living generations of laboratory and wild isolates of S. stercoralis. Contrary to earlier literature on S. stercoralis but similar to other species of Strongyloides, we found clear evidence of sexual reproduction. Overall, our results show that dogs carry two populations, possibly different species of Strongyloides. One population appears to be dog specific but the other one is shared with humans. This argues for the strong potential of dogs as reservoirs for zoonotic transmission of S. stercoralis to humans and suggests that in order to reduce the exposure of humans to infective S. stercoralis larvae, dogs should be treated for the infection along with their owners.
Structure génétique et dynamique des variétés traditionnelles de sorgho au Burkina Faso

La structuration globale du polymorphisme genetique des varietes traditionnelles de sorgho du Burkina Faso est liee principalement a la coexistence de trois types de sorghos (guinea, margaritiferum et durra), correspondant a trois origines genetiques differentes. Le flux de genes entre ces trois types morphologiques sont demeures limites. Le polymorphisme intravarietal est relativement important au sein de la majorite des varietes traditionnelles. La structuration de ce polymorphisme intravarietal temoigne d'une situation de non equilibre generee entre autres par une allogamie relativement elevee et par des pratiques traditionnelles de multiplication reduisant considerablement la taille efficace des populations a chaque cycle. Comme le montrent les simulations realisees avec ce modele, en l'absence de selection, la variance des frequences alleliques entre deux generations est tres elevee et conduit rapidement a la fixation d'un allele. Selon ce modele, la diversite intrapopulation est alimentee par les migrations alleliques entre cultivars
Pathogenesis of Tuberous Sclerosis Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas: Biallelic Inactivation of TSC1 or TSC2 Leads to mTOR Activation

In the central nervous system, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by a range of lesions including cortical tubers, white matter heterotopias, subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). Recent studies have implicated an important role for the TSC genes TSC1 and TSC2, in a signaling pathway involving the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. We performed immunohistochemical and genetic analyses on SEGAs from 7 TSC patients, 4 with mutations in TSC1, and 3 with mutations in TSC2. SEGA cells show high levels of phospho-S6K, phospho-S6, and phospho-Stat3, all proteins downstream of and indicative of mTOR activation. Such expression is not seen in histologically normal control tissue. Five of 6 SEGAs also showed evidence of biallelic mutation of TSC1 or TSC2, suggesting that SEGAs develop due to complete loss of a functional tuberin-hamartin complex. We conclude that TSC SEGAs likely arise through a two-hit mechanism of biallelic inactivation of TSC1 or TSC2, leading to activation of the mTOR kinase.
Bredarör on Kivik: a monumental cairn and the history of its interpretation

Abstract The famous monumental Bronze Age cairn Bredarör on Kivik with its decorated stone coffin or cist has been described as a ‘pyramid of the north’. Situating his work as the latest stage in a long history of interpretation that began in the eighteenth century, the author analyses the human bone that survived from the 1930s excavation and shows that the cist and chamber must have remained open to receive burials over a period of 600 years.
REDESCRIPTION, SYNONYMY, AND NEW RECORDS OF VEXILLATA NOVIBERIAE (DIKMANS, 1935) (NEMATODA: TRICHOSTRONGYLINA), A PARASITE OF RABBITS SYLVILAGUS SPP. (LEPORIDAE) IN THE UNITED STATES

Vexillata noviberiae (Dikmans, 1935) (Trichostrongylina: Heligmosomoidea), originally described as a parasite of Sylvilagus floridanus from Louisiana, is redescribed from material collected from Sylvilagus palustris in Florida and from S. floridanus in Kansas. New morphometric and morphological data are provided. Stunkardionema halla Arnold, 1941, described from S. floridanus from Kansas and New York, is proposed as a junior synonym of V. noviberiae. These findings confirm the occurrence of V. noviberiae as a parasite of rabbits and its wide distribution range in North America.
Do-Ashkaft: a recently discovered Mousterian cave site in the Kermanshah Plain, Iran

Since Dorothy Garrod’s pioneering work at the Mousterian site of Hazar Merd on the western slopes of the Zagros Mountains in 1928, a number of Middle Palaeolithic sites in the area have been discovered, sampled and, in some cases, partially excavated. Some of these sites are located in the Kermanshah Plain, Central Western Zagros Mountains. These sites include the Hunter’s Cave and Gha-e Khar in Bisotun (Coon 1951: Young & Smith 1966), Kobeh and Warwasi in Tang-e Kenesht (Braidwood 1960), and two sites near Harsin (Smith 1986). All but the last two are among a large number of Palaeolithic localities on the south face of a series of calcareous mountain ranges (Kuh-e Parau/ Bisotun massif) on the northeastern rim of Qara Su basin in the Kermanshah Plain (FIGURE 1). Following a hiatus in archaeological research after the Iranian Revolution of 1979, an independent series of surveys in the area by the authors led to the discovery of three Mousterian sites at Bisotun in 1986 (Biglari in press). During recent years, we located two more Mousterian sites, including Do-Ashkaft, the subject of this note.
Effects of microcarrier concentration in animal cell culture

Results are presented which show how the microcarrier concentration affects the hydrodynamic environment in animal cell bioreactors. At low levels of agitation, no physical effects of microcarrier concentration were found. However, cell growth was strongly influenced by cell concentration. At high levels of agitation, a strong detrimental effect of microcarrier concentration was found. A new mechanism of hydrodynamic damage was identified which is second order in microcarrier concentration. The identification of this mechanism adds to the fundamental understanding of hydrodynamic phenomena in microcarrier bioreactors.