Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in Prevention of Cervical Cancer and Other Human Papillomavirus-Related Diseases

In theory, recognition that a pandemic infection is responsible for more than half a million cancer cases each year would attract huge media attention, and infection control would become the subject of preventative efforts from all global health agencies. Media attention would likely be particularly acute if the majority of deaths was among women rearing families in the developing world and if the disease were sexually transmitted. A vaccine capable of preventing the disease would be diligently pursued and, once available, promptly distributed for the health and welfare of humankind. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection fits this scenario; however, HPV has yet to make an impact on either the media or public thinking as outlined in the previous paragraph, even though the link between HPV infection and cervical cancer has been recognized for more than 20 years. It is possible that the delay between acquisition of HPV infection and death, on average 20 years, or the asymptomatic nature of acute infection, greatly diminishes the immediacy of the public impact of this epidemic. Although apparently safe vaccines capable of preventing 90% of HPV infections are in the offing, focus on prevention of HPV associated deaths is being diverted by debates about the morality of vaccination against a sexually transmitted infection and its hypothesized impact on human sexual behavior. A roundtable discussion was held in Vancouver, British Columbia to consider and develop a consensus statement among informed clinicians about HPV infection, the role of HPV in cervical cancer, the role of HPV in other anogenital malignancies, the role of HPV in genital warts and the prospects for control of the global HPV pandemic through vaccination. The consensus statements outlined within have been agreed upon and represent the informed opinions of this expert working group.
TEORETICAL APPROACH CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AS TOURIST DESTINATION IN KOSOVO

Abtract: Tourism is an economic activity or a set of co-ordinated activities aimed at meeting the needs of individuals related to leisure and movement of people. Tourism has a great potential and plays an important role in meeting the main objectives related to, employment, sustainable economic and social development. Kosovo's tourism economy is dominated by small and medium-sized economic operators, while large economic operators are still in the process of privatization, and therefore it is required to find a favorable sectorial strategy that in the long term will ensure the sustainability of tour operators, offering a diversified tourist product. The findings of this study give special importance to institutional challenges that require identification of responsibilities and coordination of all actors involved in the tourism planning and development process. The surveyed tourism region offers critical reviews on how to assist tourism planners to improve their methods in community-based tourism planning and development, while pointing to directions for future research into tourist regions. The main focus of the paper is the treatment of tourism development theories in Kosovo and the analysis of the practices of other countries to increase the economic development of the country, the right information about the natural resources of the country in order to be a local tourist attraction not only for tourists but also for foreigners. The metedology used in the work has focused on the theoretical and practical aspect, the comparative aspect, and the logical link between the paragraphs. This paper is intended to provide theoretical and practical knowledge of the tourism in Kosovo of natural resources, regulations and benefits that tourists will achieve during their visit to Kosovo. Knowledge offered for theoretical and practical lexus and all other scientific research through reading this work to gain knowledge and to pass those knowledge to use and practice during their professional exercise.
Building knowledge: developing a knowledge-based dynamic capabilities typology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesize existing knowledge‐based dynamic capabilities research into a single typology for managerial and academic use.Design/methodology/approach – Based on the resource‐based and knowledge‐based views, this study conducts a theoretically grounded typology development exercise based on an extensive review of the existing dynamic capabilities literature.Findings – The paper identifies seven frameworks presented in the literature that showed some consistency in underlying concepts but conflict in nomenclature and application. Identifying over 80 uses of knowledge‐based dynamic capabilities in the literature review, three complementary dimensions that are common amongst the frameworks are identified and integrated into a consistent typology of eight knowledge‐based dynamic capabilities to encompass the extant literature.Originality/value – Addressing fragmentation in the knowledge‐based dynamic capabilities discourse, the paper advances the concept of knowledge‐ba.
Adaptive resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced by aminoglycosides and killing kinetics in a rabbit endocarditis model

Adaptive resistance following the first exposure to aminoglycosides is a recently described in vitro phenomenon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic gram-negative bacilli. We investigated the in vivo relevance of adaptive resistance in P. aeruginosa following a single dose of amikacin in the experimental rabbit endocarditis model. Rabbits with P. aeruginosa endocarditis received either no therapy (control) or a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of amikacin (80 mg/kg of body weight) at 24 h postinfection, after which they were sacrificed at 5, 8, 12, 16, or 24 h postdose. Excised aortic vegetations were subsequently exposed ex vivo to amikacin at 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 times the MIC for 90 min. In vivo adaptive resistance was identified when amikacin-induced pseudomonal killing within excised aortic vegetations was less in animals receiving single-dose amikacin in vivo than in vegetations from control animals not receiving amikacin in vivo. Maximal adaptive resistance occurred between 8 and 16 h after the in vivo amikacin dose, with complete refractoriness to ex vivo killing by amikacin seen at 12 h postdose. By 24 h postdose, bacteria within excised vegetations had partially recovered their initial amikacin susceptibility. In a parallel treatment study, we demonstrated that amikacin given once daily (but not twice daily) at a total dose of 80 mg/kg i.v. for 1-day treatment significantly reduced pseudomonal densities within aortic vegetations versus those in untreated controls. When therapy was continued for 3 days with the same total daily dose (80 mg/kg/day), amikacin given once or twice daily significantly reduced intravegetation pseudomonal densities versus those in controls. However, amikacin given once daily was still more effective than the twice-daily regimen. These data confirm the induction of aminoglycoside adaptive resistance in vivo and further support the advantages of once-daily aminoglycoside dosing regimens in the treatment of serious pseudomonal infections.
Non-adherence to leprosy treatment in Western Sudan; the people behind the numbers.

Non-adherence to leprosy treatment is a major problem in Western Sudan. In 2002 almost 40% of the patients did not collect enough drugs to complete the treatment. During operational research in January and February 2003, 16 health workers, 14 non-adherers and nine completers were traced and interviewed at their homes and programme data were statistically analysed to determine the reasons for non-adherence. Non-adherence appears to be the result of the interaction between the patient, the health services, the disease and its treatment. Patients who completed more often acknowledged their disease. They always had leprosy. They were more often literate, of higher status and aware of the duration of the treatment. They felt an improvement from the treatment. People stopped because of side effects, because they felt better or they had no improvement. There were practical problems like large distances, insecurity, lack of time and money and poor quality of health services. Travelling 2 h to the clinic, the distribution system, non-availability of medicines and health workers were no problem. Not acknowledging having leprosy is partly caused by stigma. Patients who did not acknowledge having leprosy completed less often. Stigma is therefore indirectly linked to non-adherence. The variance in clinic completion rates leads us to believe that health care factors are more important than patient factors. Efforts to reduce non-adherence depend on the availability of medicines and trained, motivated health workers. Additional effort to trace non-adherers can be worthwhile.
Equivalence of critical error calculations and process capability index Cpk.

The concept of process capability has been used by the manufacturing industry to quantify the relation between product specifications and the measured process performance (1). Various ratios and indices have been developed to describe this relation. We have previously reported the application of the simplest of these, Cp (the capability index or capability ratio), to the selection of quality-control (QC) algorithms appropriate to the specification limits and analytical imprecision (2). Cp is defined as (USL − LSL)/6σ, where USL and LSL are the upper and lower specification limits of an analytical process, and σ is the standard deviation of the process. In contrast to the approach taken by us, the use of medically important critical systematic error (ΔSEC) and critical random error (ΔRE …
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID PROFILES DIFFER ACROSS DIETS AND BROWSE OF BLACK RHINOCEROS

In captivity, black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) suffer from idiopathic skin lesions that may be linked to dietary deficiencies, in particular essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Therefore, a study was undertaken from July 1995 to May 1997 to characterize the diet of captive D. bicornisin North American zoos and measure fat and fatty acid composition in zoo diet, and African and North American browses. Descriptions of all dietary items offered to black rhinos on a daily basis were compiled from 20 North American zoos; zoo diet contained (mean ± SE) 61 ± 2% hay, 28 ± 2% grain pellets, 6 ± 1% produce, and 5 ± 1% fresh browse, with hay and grain pellets together comprising nearly 90% of items offered. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) was used to measure triacylglycerol equivalent (TAG), total fatty acids (TFA), and essential fatty acids (EFA) in zoo diet, and African and North American browses. North American browse contained more TAG and TFA than did zoo diet or African browse. Zoo diet contained more linoleic acid (18:2n6) and less linolenic acid (18:3n3) than either African browse corrected for degradation losses or North American browse, whether measured as weight percentage of dry sample or as weight percentage of TFA. In addition, the ratio of 18:2n6 to 18: 3n3 was significantly lower in both browses than in zoo diet. There are significant nutritional differences between the major dietary components of North American captive black rhinoceros diets and native African browses that warrant further exploration given the health problems associated with this animal in captivity.
"An Analysis of the Factors Determining the Working Capital Requirement for Non-Financial Companies"

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors determining the working capital requirement of firms. Companies require working capital to improve the capacity, expand the business volume, reduce the risk of failing to meet their financial obligations, and become profitable and efficient. An inadequacy of the working capital causes interruptions in the business operations. This study investigates the determining factors of the working capital requirements of non-financial companies. The research analysis was done on publicly traded firms, and the data was collected from BIST-100 in Turkey for the years between 2011 and 2016. In this study, working capital requirement was used as the dependent variable. Factors such as profitability, leverage, growth, firm size, age and industry were tested as determining factors. PLS-SEM technique is employed in the research. Results reveal that two explanatory variablescompany's leverage, and profitabilityare significant factors that determine the companies’ working capital requirements for the period under study.
The Differences Between ACF Professional Chefs and Chef Educators: Concern for Task Versus Concern for People

ABSTRACT This research deepens theoretical and practical understanding of certified chefs by comparing chef professionals to chef educators. Using Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid, we determined the extent to which categories of chefs value people compared to task. Data were collected from chef professionals and educators across the United States. Those who held certification in both areas simultaneously were also examined. The findings were that chef professionals and educators were focused more on concern for task than concern for people, whereas the opposite was true for chefs with both certifications. There was no statistically significant differences between individual groups. One interesting finding is that chefs have achieved a higher level of education compared to chefs a few decades ago. In-depth discussion, implications, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Persistence, adherence, and all-cause healthcare costs in atazanavir- and darunavir-treated patients with human immunodeficiency virus in a real-world setting

Abstract Objectives: Atazanavir (ATV) and darunavir (DRV) are protease inhibitors approved for HIV treatment in combination with ritonavir (/r). The objectives of this study were to compare persistence (time to treatment discontinuation/modification), adherence, and healthcare costs among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) initiating ATV/r or DRV/r. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used commercial and Medicaid administrative insurance claims data. Patients initiating ATV/r or DRV/r from 2006–2013 with continuous enrollment for ≥6 months before and ≥3 months after initiation were included. Patients were followed from initiation until discontinuation/modification (≥30 day gap in ATV or DRV or initiation of a new antiretroviral medication), during which time adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC], with PDC ≥80% or 95% considered adherent) and per-patient per-month (PPPM) total healthcare costs were measured. DRV/r patients were propensity score matched to ATV/r patients at a 1:1 ratio to achieve balance on potentially confounding demographic and clinical factors. Commercial and Medicaid samples were analyzed separately, as were antiretroviral (ART)-naïve and experienced patients. Results: The final samples comprised 2988 commercially-insured and 1158 Medicaid-insured patients. There were no significant differences in hazards of discontinuation/modification between the ATV/r or DRV/r cohorts. With respect to odds of being adherent, the only marginally significant result was comparing odds of achieving PDC ≥80% among ART-naïve Medicaid patients, which favored ATV/r. All other adherence comparisons were not significant. Although ATV/r cohorts tended to have lower PPPM costs, the majority of these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Patients with HIV treated with either ATV/r or DRV/r had similar time to treatment discontinuation/modification, adherence, and monthly healthcare costs. Results were similar across the pre-specified sub-groups. These findings are useful not only as an insight into clinical practice, but also as a resource for healthcare providers and payers evaluating treatment options for HIV+ individuals.
Electron energy loss spectroscopy for analysis of inhaled ultrafine particles in rat lungs

Epidemiologic studies have associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with ambient particulate air pollution. Particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter (ultrafine particles) are present in the urban atmosphere in very high numbers yet at very low mass concentration. Organs beyond the lungs are considered as targets for inhaled ultrafine particles, whereby the route of particle translocation deeper into the lungs is unclear. Five rats were exposed to aerosols of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles of a count median diameter of 22 nm (geometric standard deviation, GSD 1.7) for 1 hour. The lungs were fixed by intravascular perfusion of fixatives immediately thereafter. TiO2 particles in probes of the aerosol as well as in systematic tissue samples were analyzed with a LEO 912 transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy filter for elemental microanalysis. The characteristic energy loss spectra were obtained by fast spectrum acquisition. Aerosol particles as well as those in the lung tissue were unambiguously identified by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Particles were mainly found as small clusters with a rounded shape. Seven percent of the particles in the lung tissue had a needle‐like shape. The size distribution of the cluster profiles in the tissue had a count median diameter of 29 nm (GSD 1.7), which indicates no severe clustering or reshaping of the originally inhaled particles. Electron energy loss spectroscopy and related analytical methods were found to be suitable to identify and localize ultrafine titanium dioxide particles within chemically fixed and resin‐embedded lung tissue. Microsc. Res. Tech. 63:298–305, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Speed of progression to AIDS and degree of antibody response to accessory gene products of HIV‐1

Antibodies to E. coli‐produced HIV‐1 nef, rev, tat, vpu, and vpr proteins were measured by enzyme immunoassay in serial sets of sera from 72 men seroconverting for antibodies to HIV‐1 structural proteins, and from 190 initially symptom‐free men who were seropositive for these antibodies at entry into the study. In the men seroconverting for antibodies to structural proteins the levels of nef‐, rev‐, and tat‐specific antibodies, but not of vpu‐, and vpr‐specific antibodies, within 3 months of seroconversion, appeared to be lower in the five men progressing to AIDS, compared with the men remaining symptom‐free during follow‐up. Analysis of the prevalence of previously described antibody profiles to these accessory gene products was carried out. In all HIV‐1 antibody seroconverters and in those HIV‐1 antibody seropositive men with 15 or more months of follow‐up who progressed to AIDS, there was a shift from predominantly nef‐ and vpu‐specific antibody negative profiles in the men developing AIDS in the early years of the study to predominantly nef‐ and vpu‐specific antibody positive profiles in men who developed AIDS later. Rev‐ and tat‐specific antibody negative profiles were dominant in men progressing to AIDS throughout follow‐up. No vpr‐specific antibody profile occurred preferentially in the men progressing to AIDS throughout follow‐up. Low antibody reactivity to accessory gene products nef, rev, and tat appears, like low anti‐core antibody reactivity, to be associated with progression to AIDS relatively rapidly after infection with HIV‐1.
Value Creation and Value Capture in Open Innovation

Open innovation has attracted a significant amount of attention from scholars and practitioners. Prior research on open innovation has mainly focused on collaborative inventing. However, understanding the processes and outcomes of joint inventing is not sufficient for understanding sustained open-innovation activities and the competitive advantages of the actors involved in open innovation. Instead, an understanding of value creation and value capture is paramount for advancing our understanding of sustained open-innovation activities. Open innovation requires collaboration among distributed but interdependent actors who rely on each other’s capabilities for value creation and capture. Value in open innovation is driven not only by actors’ value creation but also by their ability to capture value. While value creation and value capture are discussed in the open-innovation literature, the advancement of this stream of research is hindered by conceptual ambiguity, especially in relation to the concept of value capture. This article adopts a value perspective on open innovation, offers consistent conceptualizations of value creation and value capture, and outlines potential avenues for further research at the interface of open innovation, value creation, and value capture.
Penerapan hasil pembelajaran dan kemahiran insaniah dalamkurikulum pengajian tinggi.

Bagi memastikan pencapaian Wawasan 2020, kerajaan telah menegaskan peri pentingnya pembangunan modal insan dalam Rancangan Malaysia Ke-9. Sebagai institusi yang diamanahkan secara langsung unluk membangunkan modal insan, institusi pendidikan lermasuk institusi pengajian tinggi seharusnya proaktif untuk membina, menyemak dan seterusnya mengubal kurikulum pengajian yang ditawarkan agar sentiasa relevan. Kertas ini membincangkan pendekatan penggubalan kurikulum khususnya dalam menerapkan hasil pembelajaran (LOs) dan kemahiran insaniah (KI) sebagaimana yang dikenal pasti oleh Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. Perbincangaan tertumpu kepada pengenal pastian LOs dan KI serta penyediaan matrik dan penjajaran kursus, pelajaran dan jam belajar pelajar berdasarkan LOs dan KI yang dikenalpasti. Isu-isu berkaitan dengan penggubalan kurikulum bagi penerapan LOs dan KI juga dibangkitkan.
Combined treatment with sertraline and liothyronine in major depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Antidepressant treatments that achieve a higher remission rate than those currently available are urgently needed. The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine may potentiate antidepressant effects. OBJECTIVE To determine the antidepressant efficacy and safety of liothyronine sodium (triiodothyronine) when administered concurrently with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride to patients with major depressive disorder. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, 8-week, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Outpatient referral centers. PATIENTS A total of 124 adult outpatients meeting unmodified DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder without psychotic features. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive sertraline hydrochloride (50 mg/d for 1 week; 100 mg/d thereafter) plus liothyronine sodium (20-25 microg/d for 1 week; 40-50 microg/d thereafter) or sertraline plus placebo for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was categorical response to treatment (> or =50% decrease in scores on the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression from baseline to study end point). Remission rate (final Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score, < or =6) was a secondary outcome measure. RESULTS Intent-to-treat Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression response rates were 70% and 50% in the sertraline-liothyronine and sertraline-placebo groups, respectively (P = .02; odds ratio, 2.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-7.35); remission rates were 58% with sertraline-liothyronine and 38% with sertraline-placebo (P = .02; odds ratio, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-6.49). Baseline T(3) values were lower in patients treated with sertraline-liothyronine who had remissions than in those without remissions (t(48) = 3.36; P<. 002). Among patients treated with sertraline-liothyronine, remission was associated with a significant decrease in serum thyrotropin values (F(1,73) = 4.00; P<. 05). There were no significant effects of liothyronine supplementation on frequency of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate enhancement of the antidepressant effect of sertraline by concurrent treatment with liothyronine without a significant increase in adverse effects. The antidepressant effect of liothyronine may be directly linked to thyroid function.