Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endocytic Trafficking of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Transformed Cells

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase. It is localized to the plasma membranes of cells with an extracellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain. Through the binding of extracellular ligands, the receptor undergoes a conformational change that alters the biochemical properties of proteins (effectors) within the cell. Ultimately, these changes result in modulation of the rate of cell growth, protein and DNA synthesis, cell motility, and cell proliferation. The EGFR is necessary for the proper development of organisms, as indicated by the fact that genetic knockout of the receptor results in animals that are embryonic lethal or die shortly after birth. This developmental role is also observed in adult animals, as pharmacological inhibition of the EGFR disrupts tissue homeostasis. In addition to these developmental roles, there is a strong association between overexpression and/or hyperactivation of the EGFR and cancer. Currently, there are several small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing, humanized antibodies against the EGFR that successfully treat EGFR-positive cancers (i.e. non-small cell lung carcinomas, colon, and head and neck cancers). Breast cancer is among those cancers that are characterized by enhanced EGFR levels and activity. However, the aforementioned pharmacologic agents have been of little success in the treatment of breast cancers. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of EGFR function is required in order to successfully attenuate the growth and metastasis of EGFR-positive cells. Cells have numerous endogenous mechanisms to that regulate the specificity and duration of EGFR signaling. Endogenous regulatory mechanisms are logical pharmacological targets to inhibit EGFR activity because of their intrinsic ability to modulate signaling. One of the most important regulators of EGFR signaling is the endocytic pathway. The endocytic pathway can control both the duration of signaling and the spatial placement of the receptor. Historically, endocytosis has been considered a mechanism for the negative regulation of EGFR, as it decreases the number of cell surface receptors and inactivates the ligand:receptor complex by targeting it for lysosomal degradation. More recently, it has been appreciated that signaling of the EGFR varies based on the subcellular localization of the receptor. Specifically, in a given cell, the liganded EGFR can promote cell proliferation at some cellular locations (i.e. plasma membrane), whereas at others (i.e. the limiting membranes of endosomes) the receptor can induce apoptosis. Thus, a potential molecular etiology of EGFR overexpression in transformed cells is disrupted normal endocytic
Stem bark of Zanthoxylum zanthoxylodes a possible substitute of root bark for the conservation of the species in Burkina Faso

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) is used for some health purposes in Burkina Faso. However, human action threatened this species in its native environment and its regeneration is difficult by the way of population. The main focus of this study is to discriminate samples of zanthoxyloides from different plant populations in order to find good specimens for traditional medicine and thus contribute to the conservation of this species. Plant materials were collected from three study sites named Niangoloko, Orodara and Sideradougou. Samples powder, mixed with potassium bromide was used for the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) analysis. Multivariate data analysis was performed to highlight differences in the spectral profile among plant organs. Then, vanillic acid characteristic signals in infrared were identified by using literature data. Results showed that leaf and stem bark spectra were significantly different (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) among the study sites, while root bark spectra were almost identical (p = 1.72). Root bark and stem bark both indicated similar patterns under vanillic acid characteristic signals. The use of stem bark instead of roots can be a substitute for root to the sustainable management of this species in its native environment. Key words: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, multivariate data analysis, vanillic acid.
Does Managerial Sentiment Affect Accrual Estimates? Evidence from the Banking Industry

We examine whether managerial sentiment is associated with errors in accrual estimates. Using public banks we find (1) managerial sentiment is negatively associated with loan loss provision estimates, (2) future charge-offs per dollar of provision are positively associated with sentiment when the provision is estimated, and (3) the effects of sentiment are greater for firms with more uncertain charge-offs. Results are similar for private banks, suggesting accrual manipulation related to capital market incentives is unlikely to explain the results. Although economic fundamentals explain most of the variation in the provision, we find sentiment has an incremental and economically meaningful effect.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Clofarabine, a Second‐Generation Nucleoside Analog, in Pediatric Patients With Acute Leukemia

The population pharmacokinetics of plasma clofarabine and intracellular clofarabine triphosphate were characterized in pediatric patients with acute leukemias. Traditional modelbuilding techniques with NONMEM were used. Covariates were entered into the base model using a forward selection significance level of . 05 and a backwards deletion criterion of . 005. Model performance, stability, and influence analysis were assessed using the nonparametric bootstrap and n‐1 jackknife. Simulations were used to understand the relationship between important covariates and exposure. A 2‐compartment model with weight (scaled to a 40‐kg reference patient) modeled as a power function on all pharmacokinetic parameters (0.75 on clearance‐related terms and 1.0 on volume‐related terms) was fit to plasma clofarabine concentrations (n = 32). White blood cell (WBC) count, modeled as a power function (scaled to a WBC count of 10 ± 103/μL), was a significant predictor of central volume with power term 0.128 ± 0.0314. A reference patient had a systemic clearance of 32.8 L/h (27% between‐subject variability [BSV]), a central volume of 115 L (56% BSV), an intercompartmental clearance of 20.5 L/h (27% BSV), and a peripheral volume of 94.5 L (39% BSV). Intracellular clofarabine triphosphate concentrations were modeled using a random intercept model without any covariates. The average predicted concentration was 11.6 ± 2.62 μM (80% BSV), and although clofarabine triphosphate half‐life could not be definitively estimated, its value was taken to be longer than 24 hours. The results confirm that clofarabine should continue being dosed on a per‐square‐meter or per‐body‐weight basis.
The Impact of Population Growth on Economic Development in Pakistan

2 Abstract: This study empirically tests the impact of Population growth on Economic Development of Pakistan for period of 1975-2008. Demographic transition helps in creating policy Environment that takes maximum advantages of demographic potential of the country. ARDL technique was incorporated to investigate the population and economic development relationship. The result of the model shows that the impact of population is positive and significant but the problem associated with huge population growth is the flood of newly produce work force, its management and providing different facilities even basic needs become a challenge for government and policy makers. To tickle this issue this study incorporated unemployment rate and expenditure made on health and education to the model in-order to investigate the impact of population growth directly and indirectly on economic growth in Pakistan. The results of the study indicate that Population growth has positively and significantly contributed to economic development but negatively affected by unemployment rate. HRD is although positive but insignificant. What can be concluded is that the direct impacts of population growth is positive on development of the economy but reverse is the case when indirect analysis is made and that leads to unemployment. Now although on one hand if it increase growth but on the other hand it creates a problem of unemployment and leads to lacking of educational and health facilities. The government is advised to utilize this additional workforce efficiently as a policy tool to achieve high and desired level of growth.
Development and Validation of Filters for the Retrieval of Studies of Clinical Examination From Medline

Background Efficiently finding clinical examination studies—studies that quantify the value of symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of disease—is becoming increasingly difficult. Filters developed to retrieve studies of diagnosis from Medline lack specificity because they also retrieve large numbers of studies on the diagnostic value of imaging and laboratory tests. Objective The objective was to develop filters for retrieving clinical examination studies from Medline. Methods We developed filters in a training dataset and validated them in a testing database. We created the training database by hand searching 161 journals (n = 52,636 studies). We evaluated the recall and precision of 65 candidate single-term filters in identifying studies that reported the sensitivity and specificity of symptoms or signs in the training database. To identify best combinations of these search terms, we used recursive partitioning. The best-performing filters in the training database as well as 13 previously developed filters were evaluated in a testing database (n = 431,120 studies). We also examined the impact of examining reference lists of included articles on recall. Results In the training database, the single-term filters with the highest recall (95%) and the highest precision (8.4%) were diagnosis[subheading] and “medical history taking”[MeSH], respectively. The multiple-term filter developed using recursive partitioning (the RP filter) had a recall of 100% and a precision of 89% in the training database. In the testing database, the Haynes-2004-Sensitive filter (recall 98%, precision 0.13%) and the RP filter (recall 89%, precision 0.52%) showed the best performance. The recall of these two filters increased to 99% and 94% respectively with review of the reference lists of the included articles. Conclusions Recursive partitioning appears to be a useful method of developing search filters. The empirical search filters proposed here can assist in the retrieval of clinical examination studies from Medline; however, because of the low precision of the search strategies, retrieving relevant studies remains challenging. Improving precision may require systematic changes in the tagging of articles by the National Library of Medicine.
Synaptic connections of intracellularly filled clutch cells: A type of small basket cell in the visual cortex of the cat

Light and electron microscopic quantitative analysis was carried out on a type of neuron intracellularly filled with horseradish peroxidase. Two cells were studied in area 17, one of which was injected intra‐axonally, and its soma was not recovered. One cell was studied in area 18. The two somata were on the border of layers IVa/b; they were radially elongated and received synapses from numerous large boutons with round synaptic vesicles. The dendrites were smooth and remained largely in layer IV.
Site-specific recombination mediated by an adenovirus vector expressing the Cre recombinase protein: a molecular switch for control of gene expression

We have constructed replication-defective human adenovirus (Ad) type 5 vectors containing the gene for the Cre recombinase from bacteriophage P1 under control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter (AdCre). Expression of the protein was detected in replication-permissive (293) and in nonpermissive (MRC5) cell lines, and its biochemical activity was demonstrated in a cell-free recombination assay using a plasmid containing two loxP sites. To study Cre-mediated recombination in an intracellular system, we constructed an Ad vector (AdMA19) containing the luciferase cDNA under control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter but separated from it by an extraneous spacer sequence flanked by loxP sites which blocked luciferase expression. Upon coinfection of 293 or MRC5 cells with AdMA19 and AdCre, luciferase expression was specifically induced by Cre-mediated excision of the intervening sequence. The use of Ad vectors combined with the Cre-loxP system for regulation of gene expression and other possible applications is discussed.
PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN PENDIDIKAN, TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KEMISKINAN DI JAWA TENGAH

Abstrak: Pengaruh Pembiayaan Pendidikan, Tingkat Pendidikan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Kemiskinan di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pembiayaan pendidikan, tingkat pendidikan, pertumbuhan ekonomi secara parsial dan simultan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan Jawa Tengah periode 2002 – 2011. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex post facto dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan pendekatan fixed effect method . Data diambil menggunakan teknik dokumentasi yang bersumber dari BPS dan lembaga pemerintahan terkait. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pembiayaan pendidikan, tingkat pendidikan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat kemiskinan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan secara parsial dan simultan. Kata kunci: pembiayaan pendidikan, tingkat pendidikan, pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat kemiskinan, analisis data panel. Abstract: Influence of Educational Financing, Education Level, Economic Growth on Poverty Level in Central Java. The study aims to find out the magnitude of the partially and simultaneously influence of education financing, level of education, economic growth on level of poverty in Central Java period 2002 – 2011. The study was an ex post facto research which used quantitative approach. The method analysis used is analysis of pooled data with fixed effect method. Data were collected from BPS and related government agencies by documentation technique. The result of the study was education financing, education level and economic growth have partially and simultaneously negative influence on the level of poverty. Key words: education financing, level of education, economic growth, level of poverty, pooled data analysis.
Mood, Firm Behavior, and Aggregate Economic Outcomes

This study examines whether mood affects the aggregate state-level macroeconomy through its impact on firm-level decisions. Using sky cloud cover as a proxy for mood, we show that mood affects the economic expectations of small business managers. After relatively sunnier periods, managers have more optimistic expectations, and the component of their expectations related to mood influences hiring and investment decisions. Consequently, mood affects state-level job creation and new business starts, especially during periods of greater economic uncertainty. These results suggest that mood-induced economic expectations influence firm-level managerial decisions and state-level macroeconomic fluctuations.
Stereospecific analysis and enantiomeric disposition of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) in humans.

BACKGROUND Little is known concerning the enantioselective disposition of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) in humans. In addition, the potential of utilizing the stereochemical composition of an analyte in biological media for forensic purposes requires investigation. METHODS The enantiomers of MDMA and its demethylated metabolite, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), present in plasma and urine extracts were derivatized with (-)-(R)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, respectively. The enantioselective disposition of MDMA and MDA was determined following oral administration of racemic MDMA (40 mg) to eight male volunteers. RESULTS The plasma concentrations of (R)-MDMA exceeded those of the S-enantiomer [ratio R:S of the area under the curve (AUC), 2.4 +/- 0.3], and the plasma half-life of (R)-MDMA (5.8 +/- 2.2 h) was significantly longer than that of the S-enantiomer (3.6 +/- 0.9 h). The majority of the recovered material in urine was excreted within 24 h after dosing, with the recovery of (R)-MDMA (21.4% +/- 11.6%) being significantly greater than that of (S)-MDMA (9.3% +/- 4.9%), and with (S)- and (R)-MDA accounting for 1.4% +/- 0.5% and 1.0% +/- 0.3% of the dose, respectively. Mathematical modeling of plasma enantiomeric composition vs sampling time demonstrated the applicability of using stereochemical data for the prediction of time elapsed after drug administration. CONCLUSIONS Analytical methods for determining the enantiomeric composition of MDMA and MDA in plasma and urine were developed. The disposition of MDMA in humans is stereoselective, with the more active S-enantiomer having a reduced AUC and shorter half-life than (R)-MDMA. The determination of stereochemical composition may be applicable for forensic purposes.
Evaluation of vertical accuracy of interocclusal records.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate four recording materials (polyether, polyvinyl siloxane, acrylic resin, and wax) for their ability to accurately record, maintain, and reproduce the vertical interocclusal relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS A metallic apparatus was used to represent the opposing arches; its epoxy resin duplicate represented the working casts. The vertical discrepancies produced because of the presence of the records were measured both after repositioning them on the metal apparatus and after transferring them onto the casts. Two-way ANOVA was performed. RESULTS Closure through the interocclusal recording materials produced small vertical discrepancies ranging from 24 to 74 microm. When repositioned on the apparatus, the vertical discrepancies were greater. The lowest discrepancy was displayed by polyvinyl siloxane (101 microm) and polyether (107 microm), and the greatest was displayed by wax (168 microm). When records were transferred onto casts, the discrepancies were approximately 0.5 mm, without significant differences among materials. CONCLUSION Closure through interocclusal recording materials and removal and repositioning of the records on the apparatus produced small vertical discrepancies with clinically insignificant differences between the materials tested. When records of all materials tested were transferred onto casts, vertical discrepancies of approximately 0.5 mm were found, which is of clinical concern.
“Are You One of Those Women?” Within-Movement Conflict, Radical Flank Effects, and Social Movement Political Outcomes

Studies of social movement outcomes rarely consider the impact of conflict between groups within movements on the ability of movement actors to achieve their political goals. In this examination of the Texas women's movement from the late 1950s until the early 1970s, we consider the role of within-movement conflict as organized women worked to gain an Equal Legal Rights Amendment. Our analysis reveals that conflict within movements can benefit activists by fueling a radical flank effect and, in the end, helping activists achieve important political goals. Our study also reveals the agency of movement actors as one group distances itself from another to seek political elite support. Such efforts can help activists open largely closed political opportunity structures. We conclude that researchers studying movement political outcomes should consider the potentially beneficial role of within-movement conflict.
Cervical Microbiota Associated with Higher Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women Infected with High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses

It is increasingly recognized that microbes that reside in and on human body sites play major roles in modifying the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. However, specific microbes or microbial communities that can be mechanistically linked to cervical carcinogenesis remain largely unexplored. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between cervical microbiota and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) in women infected with high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPV) and to assess whether the cervical microbiota are associated with oxidative DNA damage as indicated by the presence of cervical cells positive for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. The study included 340 women diagnosed with CIN 2+ (cases) and 90 diagnosed with CIN 1 (non-cases). Microbiota composition was determined by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplified from DNA extracted from cervical mucus samples. Measures of alpha/beta-diversity were not associated with either CIN severity or oxidative DNA damage. However, a cervical mucosal community type (CT) dominated by L. iners and unclassified Lactobacillus spp. was associated with CIN 2+ (OR = 3.48; 95% CI, 1.27–9.55). Sequence reads mapping to Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, L. reuteri, and several sub–genus level Lactobacillus operational taxonomic units were also associated with CIN 2+ when examined independently (effect size >2.0; P < 0.05). Our 16S rRNA sequencing results need confirmation in independent studies using whole-genome shotgun sequencing and that would allow sharpening the suggested associations at finer taxonomic levels. Our results provide little evidence that DNA oxidative damage mediates the effect of the microbiome on the natural history of HPV infection and CIN severity. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 357–66. ©2016 AACR.
Pre- and post-encephalitic neuropsychological profile of a 7-year-old girl

Our understanding of the neuropsychological effects of encephalitis has largely come from studies in which the level of premorbid functioning is estimated. Moreover, data on the neuropsychological effects of encephalitogenic pathogens other than the herpes simplex virus (HSV) are scant. We present the case of a 7-year-old girl who had intellectual and language assessment seven months prior to the onset of non-HSV encephalitis (possible aetiology: Mycoplasma pneumoniae), and again post-encephalitis. MRI post-illness demonstrated basal frontal, temporal and (limited) parietal damage. Details of speech, psychological and neuropsychological assessments were also documented. Pervasive changes were apparent in the domains of personality, behaviour, emotionality, attention, executive function, speech, language and memory. The patient's profile appears to differ most from that seen following typical HSV encephalitis with respect to marked executive and attentional difficulties. Her deficits appear to reflect both her acute basal brain injury and more diffuse insult, probably caused by postinfectious encephalitis.