Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on membrane currents in isolated neonatal rat carotid body type I cells

Inhibitors of mitochondrial energy metabolism have long been known to be potent stimulants of the carotid body, yet their mechanism of action remains obscure. We have therefore investigated the effects of rotenone, myxothiazol, antimycin A, cyanide (CN−) and oligomycin on isolated carotid body type I cells. All five compounds caused a rapid rise in intracellular Ca2+, which was inhibited on removal of extracellular Ca2+. Under current clamp conditions rotenone and CN− caused a rapid membrane depolarization and elevation of [Ca2+]i. Voltage clamping cells to −70 mV substantially attenuated this rise in [Ca2+]i. Rotenone, cyanide, myxothiazol and oligomycin significantly inhibited resting background K+ currents. Thus rotenone, myxothiazol, cyanide and oligomycin mimic the effects of hypoxia in that they all inhibit background K+ current leading to membrane depolarization and voltage‐gated calcium entry. Hypoxia, however, failed to have any additional effect upon membrane currents in the presence of CN− or rotenone or the mitochondrial uncoupler p‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP). Thus not only do mitochondrial inhibitors mimic the effects of hypoxia, but they also abolish oxygen sensitivity. These observations suggest that there is a close link between oxygen sensing and mitochondrial function in type I cells. Mechanisms that could account for this link and the actions of mitochondrial inhibitors are discussed.
Clinical implications of circulating soluble Fas and Fas ligand in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Apoptotic cell death is the major form of myocardial damage produced by coronary ischemic events. OBJECTIVE To assess whether circulating levels of soluble Fas (sFas), an inhibitor of apoptosis, and sFas ligand, an inducer of apoptosis, in patients with coronary artery disease are greater than normal. METHODS Forty-seven patients [acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 17, old myocardial infarction (OMI) in 15, stable angina in 15] and 10 normal control subjects participated in this study. Serum levels of sFas and sFas ligand in all patients were measured, and cardiac catheterizations were performed. RESULTS Serum levels of sFas were greater than normal only in patients with AMI (4.6 +/- 1.6 ng/ml); the levels were significantly higher than those in patients with OMI (2.1 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) and stable angina (2.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml), and in normal subjects (2.0 +/- 0.6 ng/ml; P < 0.0001). However, there was no difference among serum levels of sFas ligand for all groups. For patients with AMI, there was no significant correlation between serum levels of sFas and peak levels both of plasma creatine phosphokinase and of plasma myosin light chain type I as clinical indexes of infarct size. However, there were significant correlations between serum levels of sFas and both pulmonary artery wedge pressure (r = 0.767, P = 0.0003) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.629, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Circulating sFas increases in concentration in relation to the severity of hemodynamic conditions in patients with AMI, but it is independent from size of infarct. Therefore, circulating sFas could play an important role as the marker of pathophysiologic conditions associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AMI.
Ka-Band 5-Bit MMIC Phase Shifter Using InGaAs PIN Switching Diodes

The design and performance of a Ka-band 5 b MMIC phase shifter using InGaAs PIN switching diodes is presented. In order to achieve low insertion loss and good phase shifting characteristics at Ka-band, a switched reactance type InGaAs PIN-diode phase shifter topology has been employed with a compact bias network. The fabricated InGaAs PIN MMIC phase shifter has demonstrated good performance characteristics such as a low insertion loss of less than 7.8 dB and a high P1 dB of 21.0 dBm compared to the previous results.
Collaboration in Innovation Between Foreign Subsidiaries and Local Universities: Evidence from Spain

Abstract Collaboration between foreign subsidiaries and universities is relevant for multinational companies (MNCs) that aim at absorbing knowledge from abroad, as well as for universities and policy-makers attempting to maximize the spillovers associated with foreign direct investment (FDI). In this paper, we explore how MNCs collaborate with universities in the foreign countries where they locate and provide new empirical evidence for Spain as a host country. Using a probit model with panel data comprising 9,614 firms for the period 2005–2011, we explore differences between the propensity to collaborate with universities of foreign subsidiaries and Spanish firms. Subsequently, building on a new survey to 89 foreign subsidiaries and on a more detailed analysis of five case studies, we discuss the variety of motivations that drive collaboration with universities and relate the scale and scope of such collaborations with the dynamic mandates of foreign subsidiaries in global innovation networks.
Can 1-day candlestick patterns be profitable on the 30 component stocks of the DJIA?

ABSTRACT We set out in this study to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the profitability of every possible 1-day candlestick pattern using data on the 30 component stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial Average index. Our study involves a very lengthy sample period running from January 1974 to December 2009, with the results revealing a noticeable increase in the predictive power of 1-day candlestick patterns from 1992 onwards. Our evidence shows that several of the patterns may well prove to be profitable for the Dow Jones Industrial Average stocks. The robustness of our results is subsequently confirmed based upon a bootstrap analysis.
Time to score quantitative rheumatoid arthritis measures: 28-Joint Count, Disease Activity Score, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Multidimensional HAQ (MDHAQ), and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID) scores.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the time required to score different measures used to assess patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a guide to feasibility in standard care. The measures studied were a 28-Joint Count, Disease Activity Score (DAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Multidimensional HAQ (MDHAQ), and various Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID) scores derived from the MDHAQ. METHODS Three rheumatologists at 3 sites performed and timed 28-joint counts in 20 different patients at each site. Each rheumatologist scored and timed identical data in 5 groups of 10 from the same 50 patients seen in standard clinical care, including 50 DAS28 indices using the DAS Website, 50 identical HAQ, and 50 identical MDHAQ from the same patients. The MDHAQ includes 10 activities self-assessed for physical function, 21 circle visual analog scales (VAS) (rather than 10 cm lines), and scoring templates on the questionnaire for physical function, patient self-report joint count and RAPID composite scores. RAPID3 includes the 3 Core Data Set measures, RAPID4 adds the self-report joint count to RAPID3, and RAPID5 adds a physician global estimate to RAPID4. RESULTS The median number of seconds to complete a 28-joint count was 90, compared to 41.9 s for a HAQ, 9.6 s for an MDHAQ RAPID3, and 19.4 s for RAPID5. CONCLUSION MDHAQ RAPID3 scores can be calculated in considerably less time than other RA measures, using scoring templates on the MDHAQ, to provide informative, feasible, quantitative measures for standard rheumatology clinical care.
Public Policy and Individual Labor Market Discrimination: An Artefactual Field Experiment in China

We study discrimination based on the hukou system, a policy segregating migrants and locals in urban China. We hired household aids as participants in our artefactual field experiment and use a gift exchange game to study labor market discrimination. We fi nd that social discrimination based on hukou status also implies individual level discrimination. To identify whether discrimination is statistical or taste-based we introduce the wage promising game, a gift exchange game with a cheap talk wage promise. We find that discrimination is taste-based: Status is exogenous for our participants, migrants and locals behave similarly and discrimination increases when reasons for statistical discrimination are removed.
CSR of top Portuguese Companies: Relation between Social Performance and Economic Performance

Modern times call organizations to have an active role in the social arena, through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that there is a positive relation between social performance and economic performance, and if there is a positive correlation between social performance and financial-economic performance. To test these theories a measure of social performance, based on the Green Book of Commission of the European Community, was used in a group of nineteen Portuguese top companies, listed on the PSI 20 index, through a period of five years, since 2005 to 2009. A clusters analysis was applied to group companies by their social performance and to compare and correlate their economic performance. Results indicate that companies that had a better social performance are not the ones who had a better economic performance, and suggest that the middle path might provide a good relation CSR-Economic performance, as a basis to a sustainable development. Keywords—Corporate Social Responsibility, Economic Performance, Win-Win relationship
Vasopressin antagonist inhibition of clotting factor release in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

The antidiuretic (V2) agonist, dDAVP, stimulates release of the clotting factors von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor VIIIc (FVIIIc) in humans. The objective of these studies was to identify and characterize dDAVP stimulation of clotting factor release in pentobarbital-anesthetized rhesus monkeys using V2 receptor agonists (dDAVP, SK&F 101926, SK&F 104146, SK&F 104244) and a V2 receptor antagonist (SK&F 105494) given i.v. dDAVP (3.0 micrograms/kg) stimulated release of vWF, FVIIIc and renin and was associated with tachycardia and blood pressure-lowering activity. The V2 receptor antagonist, SK&F 105494 (30 micrograms/kg, i.v.), had no effect on clotting factor release, heart rate or blood pressure, but prevented dDAVP stimulation of clotting factor release and tachycardia. The V2 agonists SK&F 101926, SK&F 104146 and SK&F 104244 did not stimulate clotting factor release, blood pressure, heart rate or plasma renin activity in this species at the doses tested. Thus, the rhesus monkey is a nonhuman primate species in which dDAVP stimulation of FVIIIc and vWF occurs. The results support the hypothesis that dDAVP stimulation of clotting factor release is mediated by a low-affinity, V2-like receptor mechanism. The tachycardia and renin release associated with dDAVP administration are most likely secondary to vasodilation, also mediated by a V2-like mechanism.
Crop Diversification in Eastern India: Status and Determinants

Diversification of agriculture in favour of more competitive and high-value enterprises is considered as an important strategy to augment farm income, generate employment, alleviate poverty and conserve precious soil and water resources (von Braun, 1995; Pingali and Rosegrant, 1995; Chand, 1996; Ryan and Spencer, 2001; Joshi et al., 2003). High-value crops have enormous demand potential in India as is reflected by the rapid increase in the consumption of high-value food commodities (Kumar et al., 2003). Further, international trade too offers considerable opportunities in high-value agriculture. The process of globalisation has triggered a fast growth in exports of fruits and vegetables from developing to developed countries (DiazBonilla and Recca, 2000). For meeting the growing domestic demand and reaping the benefits of globalisation, Indian agriculture is gradually diversifying towards highvalue crops (Joshi et al., 2003). Between 1980-81 and 2007-08, the share of nonfoodgrain crops increased from 26 to 36 per cent in the total cropped area, and from 46 to 61 per cent in the value of crop sector output (Central Statistical Organisation, Government of India). This transformation though visible throughout the country shows considerable regional variations due to differences in the levels of adoption of agricultural technology, infrastructural development, markets, dietary patterns, etc. The contribution of diversification to agricultural growth in India has been quite substantial, 30 per cent during the 1990s (Joshi et al., 2007). In the recent past, diversification in agriculture has occurred largely through crop substitution. Concerns have been expressed whether this process would sustain in the long-run, given the facts that land frontiers are closing with little scope to bring additional land under cultivation, and the landholdings are getting smaller and smaller under population pressure (Jha, 2001; Rai et al., 2010). The eastern region of
High-frequency extensional vibrations of piezoelectric ceramic bars polarized in the longitudinal direction

The approximate 1-D governing equations for coupled length-extensional, width-stretch, and symmetric width-shear vibration modes in rectangular finite piezoelectric bars with 6 mm hexagonal symmetry are presented. The bars polarized in the longitudinal direction with electrodes on the faces perpendicular to the length are considered. The system of equations is used to study the frequency spectrum of piezoelectrically forced vibrations of bars made of hard ceramics. The influence of the width-to-thickness ratio on the resonance frequency is discussed. The computed values are compared with experimental data. The material constants used for numerical simulations of resonant frequencies were obtained from the measurements on APC 841 PZT ceramics samples.
Societas Ethica’s Annual Conference 2015: Globalisation and Global Justice, Lunnevads folkhögskola, Linköping, Sweden, August 20-23, 2015 : Societas Ethica Jahretagung 2015, Globalisierung und globale Gerechtigkeit

The proceedings from the Societas Ethica’s annual conference 2015 looks different than previous years. We do not publish the full papers this year. The reason for this change is that less and less papers have been submitted the last years due to the fact that most academic journals are hesitant to publish articles that already have been published in conference proceedings. So, in order to be able to mirror the conferences, the board of Societas Ethica decided that it is better that the conference proceedings contain the paper abstracts.The proceedings contain three parts; first, the thematic introduction by the President, then the key note speeches and the responses to the key notes and finally, the conference paper abstracts.
The Role of Familiar Size in the Control of Grasping

The present study examined whether the learned pictorial depth cue of familiar size could be used to plan a reaching and grasping movement in the absence of binocular vision. Sixteen right-handed subjects were presented with two different arrays, under monocular and binocular viewing conditions, in which a range of different grasp-sized spheres that were lit from within could be presented in an otherwise darkened environment. In the familiar-size presentation array, only one standard sized sphere was presented, which gave subjects an opportunity to learn the relationship between the standard sphere's retinal image size and its distance. In the multiple spheres presentation array, subjects could not learn such a relationship because on any one trial, one of four different sphere sizes could be present. In a second experiment, the effects of this paradigm on six subjects' perceptual reports of distance were examined by having subjects slide their index fingers apart along a horizontal rod to indicate the estimated distance of the spheres. When familiar size could not be used as a cue to distance, subjects produced more on-line corrections in their reaching and grasping movements to the standard-sized spheresbut only under monocular viewing conditions. It appears that subjects are able to exploit the learned relationship between an object's distance and its projected retinal image size to help program and control reaching and grasping movements when binocular vision is not available. Although the influence of familiar size on subjects' perceptual estimates is less clear, it is clear that subjects' perceptual estimates show poor absolute scaling for distance. This result further supports the notion that under normal viewing conditions the visuomotor system uses binocular information to program and control manual prehension, but is able to use pictorial information when binocular vision is denied.
Recruiting the Next Generationof Teachers: Conversations with High School Sophomores

DOCUMENT RESUME SP 031 026 Berry, Barnett; And Others Recruiting the Next Generation of Teachers: Conversations With High School Sophomores. Research Report 08-005. Southeastern Educational Improvement Lab. , Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC: Jan 89 400-86-0007 42p. Reports Research/Technical (143) MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. *Career Choice; Employment Opportanities; Grade 10; High Schools; *High School Students; *Student Attitudes; Teacher Salaries; *Teaching (Occupation); *Teaching Conditions A report is given of a survey of 170 sophomores enrolled in advanced English classes and 205 sophomores enrolled in regular English classes. The students were questioned about their career expectations, their perceptions of teaching as a career, and current incentives for entry into the teaching profession. Findings indicated that only a small percentage of the students wer! interested in becoming teachers. Most students reported being discouraged from teaching by their own teachers and by parents who are teachers. Even for those students who possess altruistic career orientations, teaching was an unattractive career choice given the occupation's poor working conditions. Most of the students were generrlly oblivious to recent reforms in the teaching profession and underestimated teacher salaries. The first section of the report reviews relevant literature related to teaching as a career choice. Section two describes methods, including the overall approach, sampling and site selection, and data analysis. In section three, cross-site findings are delineated, including career expectations of the focus group, their views of teaching, and their views of particular incentives for entry into teaching. The final section contains conclusions and policy recommendations for state policymakers. (JD) **************************W****************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** 08-005 Recruiting the Next Generation of Teachers: Conversations with High School Sophomores by Barnett Berry Christine McCormick Torn Buxton January 1989 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EOUCATtONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERIC) O This dot ment has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it O Minor Changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in t NS dOCtr ment do not necessarily represent official OERI pOsiPon or policy SOUTHEASTERN EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT LABORATORY "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " MIMIIMIM 1Mlia. ES I
Persistent infection of chimpanzees with human immunodeficiency virus: serological responses and properties of reisolated viruses

Persistent infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in the chimpanzee may be valuable for immunopathologic and potential vaccine evaluation. Two HIV strains, the tissue culture-derived human T-cell lymphotropic virus type IIIB (HTLV-IIIB) and in vivo serially passaged lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 1 (LAV-1), were injected intravenously into chimpanzees. Two animals received HTLV-IIIB as either virus-infected H9 cells or cell-free virus. A third animal received chimpanzee-passaged LAV-1. Evaluation of their sera for virus-specific serologic changes, including neutralizations, was done during a 2-year period. During this period all animals had persistently high titers of antibodies to viral core and envelope antigens. All three animals developed a progressively increasing type-specific neutralizing LAV-1 versus HTLV-IIIB antibody titer during the 2-year observation period which broadened in specificity to include HTLV-HIRF, HTLV-IIIMN, and HTLV-IIICC after 6 to 12 months. The antibody titers against both viruses were still increasing by 2 years after experimental virus inoculation. Sera from all animals were capable of neutralizing both homologously and heterologously reisolated virus from chimpanzees. A slightly more rapid type-specific neutralizing response was noted for the animal receiving HTLV-IIIB-infected cells compared with that for cell-free HTLV-IIIB. Sera from all persistently infected chimpanzees were capable of mediating group-specific antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytolysis of HIV-infected cells derived from all isolates tested. Viruses reisolated from all three animals at 20 months after inoculation revealed very similar peptide maps of their respective envelope gp120s, as determined by two-dimensional chymotrypsin oligopeptide analysis. One peptide, however, from the original HTLV-IIIB-inoculated virus was deleted in viruses from all three animals, and in addition, we noted the appearance of a new or modified peptide which was common to LAV-1 as well as to HTLV-IIIB reisolated from infected chimpanzees. It thus appears that a group-specific neutralizing antibody response as well as a group-specific cytotoxic response can develop in chimpanzees after an inoculation of a single HIV variant. This finding suggests that a common, less immunodominant determinant(s) is present on a single HIV strain which could induce group-specific antibodies during viral infection and replication. The identification of this group-specific epitope and the induction of analogous immunity may be relevant to vaccine development against human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Mapping of Forest Biodiversity Values: A Plural Perspective

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is built on a conceptual framework that links biodiversity to the services ecosystems provide to society. Based on this framework, we first compile market and non-market forest valuation studies and, secondly, explore the potential of an econometric modeling exercise by conducting a world wide meta-analysis. This exercise aims to highlight the mapping of biodiversity indicators and assesses their respective role on the valuation exercise. Our results show that biodiversity loss is having an effect on forest ecosystem values. In addition, these effects reveal to be dependent on the type of services and global geo-climatic regions.