Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Big grains go far: understanding the discrepancy between tephrochronology and satellite infrared measurements of volcanic ash

There is a large discrepancy between the size of volcanic ash particles measured on the ground at least 500 km from their source volcano (known as cryptotephra) and those reported by satellite remote sensing (effective ra- dius of 0.5-9 µm; 95 % of particles < 17 µm diameter). Here we present new results from the fields of tephrochronology (a dating technique based on volcanic ash layers), dispersion modelling and satellite remote sensing in an attempt to un- derstand why. A literature review and measurements of pre- historic and recent eruptions were used to characterise the size range of cryptotephra grains. Icelandic cryptotephra de- posited in NW Europe has lognormal particle size distribu- tions (PSDs) with median lengths of 20-70 µm (geometric standard deviation: 1.40-1.66; 95th percentile length: 42- 126 µm). Grain-size range estimates from the literature are similar. We modelled the settling of volcanic ash using mea- sured fall velocities of ash particles, a release height typical of moderate Icelandic eruptions (10 km), and a wind speed typical for NW Europe (10 m s 1 ), to show that an ash cloud can transport particles up to 80 µm diameter up to 850 km in 24 h. Thus, even moderately sized Icelandic eruptions can be expected to deposit cryptotephra on mainland Europe. Us- ing simulated satellite infrared data for dispersion-model- derived ash clouds, we demonstrate a systematic bias towards small grain sizes in retrievals of volcanic ash clouds that con- tain large proportions of cryptotephra-sized grains. As the median radius of the simulated PSD increases, fewer ash- containing pixels are correctly identified. Where retrievals are made of simulated clouds with mass median radii larger than 10 µm, the mean retrieved reff plateaus at around 9 µm. Assuming Mie scattering by dense spheres when in- terpreting satellite infrared brightness temperature difference (BTD) data puts an upper limit on retrieved particle sizes. If larger, irregularly shaped ash grains can also produce a BTD effect, this will result in further underestimation of grain size, e.g. in coarse ash clouds close to a volcano.
Performance of white portland cement matrixes blended with nanosilica and limestone for architectural applications

This research evaluates the combination of nanosilica particles and ground limestone as mineral additions for white Portland cement (WPC) matrixes, envisioning architectural applications where the whiteness of the final product is a key feature. The WPC pastes and mortars were fabricated with additions of nanosilica and substitutions of cement by limestone. An experimental campaign was carried out to study the effect of the combination of nanoparticles and mineral additions over the hydration process, whiteness and mechanical performance of the WPC matrices. It was found that nanosilica in combination with limestone is an excellent option as a mineral addition for WPC, since it can improve its properties in the fresh and hardened states without altering the colour of the final product.
The effect of perceived barriers on social entrepreneurship intention in Malaysian universities: The moderating role of education

This paper attempts to identify barriers of social entrepreneurship intention by the moderating role of education amongst research universities in Malaysia. Entrepreneurship is regarded as the major factor for economic development while social entrepreneurship is considered as the alternative method of solving social problems. Entrepreneurship is not new for Malaysia as is evident from various policies and programs initiated by the government. However, social entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon in Malaysian context that requires much attention. To promote entrepreneurship we need to know the barriers influencing on entrepreneurship to overcome the barriers and promote new policies and measures to create new ventures. The study used Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework to investigate the barriers of social entrepreneurship intention. Data was collected through questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by using AMOS 18. The multilevel sampling design was used with purposive sampling scheme in Malaysian research universities. The findings of this study show that overall students consider the lack of competency, lack of self-confidence and lack of resources were the barriers that affect social entrepreneurial intentions. Results also show that the social entrepreneurial education moderated the relationship between the perceived barriers and social entrepreneurial intentions of the students. This implies that teaching of social entrepreneurial can help to reduce perceived barriers. Also, the present study premises future directions that a cross country analysis between developing countries and between developed and developing countries can be done to figure out barriers of social entrepreneurship intention amongst students.
TOMATO SEEDS VIGOR UNDER WATER OR SALT STRESS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos do estresse hidrico e salino no processo germinativo de sementes de duas cultivares de tomate. O experimento, constituido por 16 tratamentos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial triplo 2 x 2 x 4, sendo duas cultivares de tomate (Santa Adelia e Katia), duas solucoes para embebicao das sementes (PEG6000 e NaCl) e quatro potenciais osmoticos (0; -0,2; -0,4 e -0,6 MPa). Cada parcela foi representada por uma caixa gerbox com 50 sementes de tomate. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinacao, indice de velocidade de emergencia, comprimento e materia seca das plântulas. As interacoes significativas entre os fatores foram desdobradas. Os fatores qualitativos foram submetidos a comparacao de medias pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05) e o quantitativo a analise de regressao linear. De acordo com os resultados a cultivar Santa Adelia apresentou melhor resistencia, tanto ao estresse hidrico quanto ao salino. O estresse hidrico foi significativamente mais eficiente na reducao das variaveis analisadas, com excecao da massa seca. Potenciais osmoticos a partir de -0,4 Mpa reduziram significativamente as variaveis porcentagem de germinacao, indice de velocidade emergencia e comprimento de plântulas.
Mediating Role of Customer Value between Innovative Self Service Technology (ISST) Factors and Online Repurchase Intention

This paper measures the effects of Innovative Self Service Technology (ISST) factors on Customer value (CV) and further effects of customer value on online repurchase intention. Quantitative method was employed and a structured survey was tested among a sample of 122 online shoppers. From selected traits of ISST, navigation and ease of use showed a significant contribution towards CV. Moreover, it was found that customers are more intended to repurchase when they perceive a high value from an online retail store. The paper examines diverse ISST aspects reasoning customer’s continuance of online shopping in Lahore. Future research could be drawn on a larger sample size. Moreover, research can be extended to factors that hinder customer’s intention to continue online shopping e.g. fraud, quality issues, security and privacy.
Growth, yield and nutrient uptake of hybrid rice as influenced by nutrient management modules and its impact on economic of the treatments

Field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad to develop nutrient management modules for efficient cultivation of hybrid rice. Results showed that growth and yield characters viz. plant height, number of tilers and panicles per hills were high-est under nutrient management module of 100% NPK + 5 t press mud (T3). Significantly higher grain and straw yield was recorded under treatment T3 over all the treatment except treatment T1, T2, T4, T5 and T6 which were recorded on par. Uptake of NPKS and Zn was significantly improved under treatments having organic manure along with inorganic levels (100%, 75% and 50% NPK) of fertilizer over alone levels of inorganic fertilizer. NPKS and Zn uptake was higher in treatment module T3 followed by treatment T2 (100% NPK + 10 t FYM ha-1). The net return Rs. 27373.70 ha-1 and 26087.0 ha-1 and benefit: cost ratio (1.53 and 1.45) was maximum in treatment T3 closely followed by T2. Findings of this study warranted that treatment module T3 resulted higher growth and yield of rice crop. Net return was also higher in this treatment.
Magnetic-field-induced superconductivity and superfluidity of W and Z bosons: in tandem transport and kaleidoscopic vortex states

We show that in a background of a sufficiently strong magnetic field the electroweak sector of the quantum vacuum exhibits superconducting and, simultaneously, superfluid properties due to magnetic-field-induced condensation of, respectively, W and Z bosons. The phase transition to the "tandem" superconductor--superfluid phase - which is weakly sensitive to the Higgs sector of the standard model - occurs at the critical magnetic field of 10^{20} Tesla. The superconductor-superfluid phase has anisotropic transport properties as both charged and neutral superflows may propagate only along the magnetic field axis. The ground state possesses an unusual "kaleidoscopic" structure made of a hexagonal lattice of superfluid vortices superimposed on a triangular lattice of superconductor vortices. A weak electric field will induce both superconducting and, unexpectedly, superfluid flows.
Self Concept: Should We Follow Cognitive or Social Construction with Students with Disabilities?.

Initial Investigations into the development of self-concept have been largely descriptive and focused primarily on the concept of self-representation, namely, how the me-self evolves across childhood and adolescence. Investigators sought to document developmental differences in self-representation through coding of spontaneously generated descriptions of the self. These efforts identified broad, discontinuous, qualitative skills in how the self was described. However, there was little analysis of the structural organization of self-concept. Interest in self-processes has burgeoned in the past decade within many branches of psychology. Riding on the bandwagon of the cognitive revolution, selftheorists reconceptualized the self as a cognitive construction that is quite functional in bringing organization and meaning to one's experiences. In addition to psychologists' emphasis on self-concept, educators have become interested in the implications of self-concept among special populations within the school setting. Thus, this paper explores the common principles across these newer frameworks and provides educators with specific practical implications to use in the classroom.
Path Coefficient Analysis of Bambara Groundnut Pod Yield Components at Four Planting Dates

Little is known on the relationship between yield and its c omponents in bambara groundnuts outside the traditional growing season in Zimbabwe, information that is important when selecting cultivars for of f-season plant ing. To study these relationships, correlation and path co efficient analyses were performed on y ield t raits in bambara groundnuts cultivars planted at four planting dates in Zi mbabwe during 2000 - 2001. A split-plot ar rangement i n a randomised complete block design with planting date as main plot factor and c ultivar as subplot factor was used. Moisture was supplied through irrigation during off-season cultivation and supplementary irr igation was applied during the rainy season. D ays to 50% emergence, days t o 50% flowering, days to 95% physiological maturity, plant count at harvest, pod count plant , and dr y pod yield pl ot were measured and da ta were analysed using GenStat. Correlation -1 -1 and path coefficient analyses were performed for the traits for each planting date. Most of the correlation coefficients were significant (P<0.05) and dry pod yield was more dependent on the direct effects o f i ts components compared to t he indirect effects through other components, suggesting that direct selection is more effective. All the direct effects showed contrasting influences on dry pod yield for the same traits, but at different planting da tes excep t for t he num ber of plants p lot on which t hey were all positive. The -1
Economic crisis and international migration: The case of Spain

Introduction The downturn phase of the global economic cycle has generated a new pattern in international mobility. The crisis is severely affecting five European countries -Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Spainwhich, according to the OECD (2012), from a migratory point of view share two common characteristics: after the Second World War they became major migrant-sending countries and recently they have become host countries of immigrants. In fact, between 2000 and 2007 two of them, Spain and Ireland, have experienced the strongest increases in the percentage of their populations corresponding to immigrants with a rise of more than eight points, compared to an average of two points for the OECD countries as a whole. Furthermore, during this period Spain received the most foreigners with an annual net average inflow of 528,000, according to the OECD. This is vastly different to Germany with an annual average of 107,000 net entries, the United Kingdom with 217,000 or France with 125,000. Not even the 286,000 net inflows of Italy come close to the Spanish figure and, of course they are much higher than the 47,000 corresponding to Ireland or Portugal. Even taking into account the divergences in the type of data 1 , it is evident that no other country matches Spain in terms of the volume of new arrivals during this period (see Figure 1).
Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination

All MENA countries have an outstanding potential for solar energy. Using concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) plants to power seawater desalination either by electricity or in combined generation with process steam to solve the water scarcity problem in MENA is a rather obvious approach. The AQUA-CSP project sponsored by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) quantifies the potential of this technology in MENA and the socio-economic and environmental impacts implied by a large scale dissemination in order to provide a reliable data base for decision and policy makers in the water sector and to facilitate the inclusion of this approach in national expansion plans. Some preliminary results of this project are presented here. Growth of population and economy, increasing urbanization and industrialization, and the rather limited natural resources of potable water in MENA are leading to serious deficits of freshwater in many parts of MENA. Modern infrastructure for water distribution, enhanced efficiency of use and better water management are to be established as soon as possible. However, even the change to best practice would leave considerable deficits, which are poorly covered by over-exploiting groundwater resources. Increased use of desalted seawater is therefore unavoidable in order to maintain a reasonable level of water supply. The desalination of seawater based on fossil fuels is neither sustainable nor economically feasible in a long-term perspective, as fuels are increasingly becoming expensive and scarce. Concentrating solar power (CSP) offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for large scale seawater desalination. CSP can help to solve the problem, but market introduction must start immediately in order to achieve the necessary freshwater production rates in time.
Interpretation of Esophageal pH Monitoring as part of Multichannel Pneumogram in Neonates: Limitations and Pitfalls - A Review Article

This review article discusses some of the challenges associated with the interpretation of esophageal pH monitoring as part of multichannel pneumogram in neonates with suspected gastroesophageal reflux and cardiorespiratory symptoms such as recurrent apnea, bradycardia and desaturations and chronic lung disease. Several of the early studies have suggested an association between GER and apnea in preterm and term infants and this has contributed to widespread use of antireflux medications in the treatment of apnea of prematurity and infants with chronic lung disease. Despite recent studies showing no temporal or causal relationship between GER and apnea or chronic lung disease referrals from pediatricians and neonatologists in community hospitals for esophageal pH monitoring as part of multichannel pneumogram remain relevant today in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Interpretation of esophageal pH monitoring is particularly challenging in preterm infants because of the lack of published normative data. The reflux index (RI), which represents the percentage of the total time esophageal pH<4 is the most widely used discriminator between acid and nonacid reflux. Several factors may influence the results and this article aims to highlight some of the limitations and pitfalls of this diagnostic technique.
Benchmarking Classification Models for Cancer Prediction from Gene Expression Data: A Novel Approach and New Findings

Gene Selection from gene expression data for Cancer prediction has been an area of intensive research, aiming at identifying the minimal and optimal set of candidate genes that could generate accurate predictive performance. The two major problems encountered in this process are the high dimensionality of data with comparatively few instances and the need to categorize records under multiple classes. In this paper we propose a novel approach called Rank-Weight Feature Selection that utilizes the filtering capacity of more than one feature selection algorithm to detect the minimal set of predictive genes that generate higher predictor performance in categorizing and predicting diverse oncogenic gene expression data. The filtered features (genes) are weighted based on the number of feature relevance algorithms reporting them to be significant. The ranked genes are then used to validate the proposed method by utilizing ten classifiers over five diverse gene expression datasets. The results proved that the proposed approach generated higher predictive performance with fewer features than previously reported results with the most relevant and minimal set of genes and commend classifiers based on their accuracy and reliability in predicting cancer data.
Strategic CSR and competition in the tourism industry: a theoretical approach

This paper sheds light on tourist firms’ incentives to engage in corporate social responsibility activities in an imperfectly competitive environment. The focus on CSR in the tourism sector has emerged due to the existence of a critical mass of consumers’ willingness to pay a premium for such initiatives. A problem however emerges in the production of corporate social responsibility activities from the supply side. This is because entrepreneurs exhibit a strong free riding behaviour in their provision. The theoretical results illustrate that the existence of voluntary certification schemes would provide firms with a more efficient framework for undertaking CSR efforts.
INTO THE PROTEROZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA : THE MESO-NEOPROTEROZOIC PUTUMAYO OROGEN OF AMAZONIA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RODINIA RECONSTRUCTIONS by

Outcrops of MesoNeoproterozoic crust in northwestern South America are restricted to isolated exposures of basement inliers included within the northern Andes of Colombia. However, evidence for the existence of an autochthonous Grenville-age belt in northern Amazonia that has not suffered significant disturbance during Andean orogenesis has not been recognized so far. The present contribution reports ~1200 new single-zircon U-Pb geochronological results from Proterozoic rocks of northwestern South America collected from Andean cordilleran inliers, drilling-core samples from the foreland basin basement, and outcrops of cratonic Amazonia in eastern Colombia (western Guyana shield). We document the existence of a previously unrecognized Mesoto Neoproterozoic Grenvilleage orogenic belt buried under the north Andean foreland basins, herein termed the Putumayo Orogen, and discuss its implications for Proterozoic tectonic reconstructions involving the northwestern South American margin. Based on the interpretations of our data, we propose a two-stage tectonometamorphic evolution for this orogenic segment characterized by amphibolite-facies metamorphism and melting between ca. 1.05 and 1.01 Ga by inferred arc-continent collision during amalgamation of a peri-Amazonian fringing-arc system to the continental margin, shortly followed by final continentcontinent collision and granulite–facies metamorphism at ~0.99 Ga. Geochronological and paleogeographic constraints suggest collisional interactions with the Sveconorwegian province of Baltica as a feasible tectonic scenario. Previous to the early collisional stage and inception of the Putumayo Orogen, a fringing-arc system was developed outboard of Amazonia’s leading margin during Mesoproterozoic times from ~1.3 to 1.1 Ga. It was within this hypothetical parautochthonous arc system were the protoliths for metaigneous and metavulcanosedimentary units found in the inliers of Colombia and Mexico could possibly have originated, defining a commonly evolving Oaxaquian-Colombian fringing-
Sense of coherence and employees’ perceptions of helping and restraining factors in an organisation

The objectives of this study were to assess the construct validity and reliability of the 13-item version of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and to investigate whether employees with a strong sense of coherence perceived helping and restraining factors in their organisation differently to those with a weak sense of coherence. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The total population (N = 2 678) of employees in a financial institution in Gauteng participated in the study. The OLQ was administered and it showed acceptable reliability and construct validity. Individuals with high scores (n = 300) and those with low scores (n = 300) on sense of coherence differed regarding their perceptions of helping and restraining factors in their work and organisation.
Large-scale structure in mimetic Horndeski gravity

In this paper, we propose to use the mimetic Horndeski model as a model for the dark universe. Both cold dark matter (CDM) and dark energy (DE) phenomena are described by a single component, the mimetic field. In linear theory, we show that this component effectively behaves like a perfect fluid with zero sound speed and clusters on all scales. For the simpler mimetic cubic Horndeski model, if the background expansion history is chosen to be identical to a perfect fluid DE (PFDE) then the mimetic model predicts the same power spectrum of the Newtonian potential as the PFDE model with zero sound speed. In particular, if the background is chosen to be the same as that of LCDM, then also in this case the power spectrum of the Newtonian potential in the mimetic model becomes indistinguishable from the power spectrum in LCDM on linear scales. A different conclusion may be found in the case of non-adiabatic perturbations. We also discuss the distinguishability, using power spectrum measurements from LCDM N-body simulations as a proxy for future observations, between these mimetic models and other popular models of DE. For instance, we find that if the background has an equation of state equal to −0.95 then we will be able to distinguish the mimetic model from the PFDE model with unity sound speed. On the other hand, it will be hard to do this distinction with respect to the LCDM model.