Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infection control practices at facilities providing monetary incentives for facility births: An assessment at selected labour and delivery rooms in two states of India

Introduction: We report findings from an assessment of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices using a standardised assessment tool at five facilities in high maternal mortality areas of India. Methods: This study was conducted in five public facilities in the two high-focus states ‒ Odisha and Rajasthan. Both the states registered a high uptake of the Janani Suraksha Yojana programme. We surveyed facilities using the infection control assessment tool. The overall quality of those practices assessed in each section was as follows: A – excellent practices in this area (75%–100% of the possible total score); B – good practices in this area (from 50% to 75% of the possible total score) and C – poor practices needing immediate attention (<50% of the possible total score). Results: The mean score for the hospital facility was 36% (27%–46%) in the C category. General ward facilities mean score was 83% (between 50% and 100%) in the A category. Biomedical waste management scored between 10% and 47% both in the C category. Adherence to policies regarding waste management scored 25%–50% in the C category. All the sites had dedicated labour rooms, and for all the modules, the mean score was <50% (22%–47%) in the C category. On general issues, staff education and labour and delivery service design, across the sites, the mean score was 30% (25%–50%) in the category C. Prophylactic antibiotics were used with a mean score of 67% (33% at one site 100% at four sites) for normal delivery and that was inappropriate. Post-partum care received mean score of 23% (20%–25%). The mean length of stay was 1–2 days following uncomplicated delivery and 5–7 days' post-C section delivery. Conclusions: Our study reveals that basic core components of IPC practices were not being fully implemented for safe delivery of babies. Antibiotics were being used inappropriately for normal delivery. A robust IPC programme and antimicrobial stewardship programme should be implemented in labour and delivery rooms.
New Evidence on Cyclical Variation in Average Labor Costs in the United States

We provide new evidence on the cyclicality of employers' real labor costs using BLS establishment job data for the 1982–2018 period. Average straight-time wages have become countercyclical since the financial crisis and the subsequent Great Recession. So have benefit expenditures and overall labor costs, as well as major benefit expenditures, including health insurance and Social Security. Consistent with prior literature, we find that total earnings—the sum of straight-time wages, bonuses, and overtime earnings—were procyclical before 2008; even earnings have become countercyclical since then. The increasing countercyclicality of labor costs is largely attributable to periods with below-trend GDP.
Role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha in gastrointestinal and liver diseases

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α) is a highly conserved member of nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors that is expressed in liver and gastrointestinal organs (pancreas, stomach, and intestine). In liver, HNF4α is best known for its role as a master regulator of liver-specific gene expression and essential for adult and fetal liver function. Dysregulation of HNF4α expression has been associated with many human diseases such as ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the precise role of HNF4α in the etiology of these human pathogenesis is not well understood. Limited information is known about the role of HNF4α isoforms in liver and gastrointestinal disease progression. There is, therefore, a critical need to know how disruption of the expression of these isoforms may impact on disease progression and phenotypes. In this review, we will update our current understanding on the role of HNF4α in human liver and gastrointestinal diseases. We further provide additional information on possible use of HNF4α as a target for potential therapeutic approaches.
Computerizability, Consequence of Error, and Job Automation

Job automation is a critical decision to make and has brought significant changes to workplaces. However, what job characteristics make a job suitable for automation has not always been clear. In this study, we propose a research framework that includes two key contributing factors for job automation: computerizability and consequence of error. We further leverage the US O*NET database on job characteristics to validate this framework. The results strongly support the framework, showing that job automation needs to take into consideration the ease to automate and the cost and benefit of automation.
The effects of time use training on the level of stress among the mothers of female children with intellectual disabilities

Background: The parents of children with intellectual disabilities may have problems in effective use of their time and hence, suffer from varying levels of stress. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of time use training on stress among the mothers of female children with intellectual disabilities. Methods: In this experimental study, eighty mothers of school-age female children with intellectual disabilities were selected through cluster random sampling from two schools in the west of Tehran, Iran. They were randomly allocated either to a control or an intervention group. A six-hour time use training workshop was held for participants in the intervention group, while their counterparts in the control group did not receive any time use training. Data on participants' time use and stress were collected before and six weeks after the intervention using the Mothers' Time Use Questionnaire and the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress, respectively. The Chi-square, paired-sample t, and independent-samples t tests were used for data analysis. Results: The mean score of time management quality in the intervention group significantly increased from 42.10 ± 6.46 to 46.80 ± 6.98 (P = 0.003) and the mean score of stress in this group significantly reduced from 29.3 ± 4.46 to 26.38 ± 5.67 (P = 0.007). However, none of these mean scores significantly changed in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The mothers of children with intellectual disability may benefit from time use training programs.
Context in Information Systems Leadership

It is widely acknowledged that context greatly influences leaders’ behavior and effectiveness. Scholars, over the years, have documented various elements of information systems leadership and incorporated some contextual elements in their research. Since both information systems leadership and organizational contexts have evolved during the past few decades, it is important to examine how scholars incorporate context in their research. Through a systematic review of literature, we examine the nature and extent of attention to organizational context as factors influencing information systems leadership. Our findings indicate that the type of industry or firm and organizational size are the most common contextual elements studied, leaving behind crucial elements such as culture, demographics, modes of governance and duration of leadership, among others. Seven major contextual components are used to guide the categorization of the reviewed articles. Suggestions are offered for improving our understanding of the interaction between information systems leadership and organizational context.
Antecedents of Supply Chain Information Visibility: The Complementarity Effect of IT Integration Capability and Interpersonal Communication Capability

This study contributes to the SCM theoretical field, by focusing on the practical development of information visibility from the standpoint of supply chain professionals. Although prior research has identified the benefits of information visibility, a gap remains in understanding what the antecedents are. This research addresses this gap. The findings suggest that information visibility is a higher-order capability, which encompasses internal and external information visibility. Since internal information visibility has been largely under-researched, here we focus on describing the perception of internal information visibility and its antecedents in this paper. The findings reveal that the complementarity of IT infrastructure integration and interpersonal communication contributes to the achievement of internal information visibility in the supply chain. This finding offers empirical evidence for explaining the IT payoff in terms of IT capabilities development, which indicates that IT capabilities if combined together with complementary capabilities should become more effective in producing business value.
Is combined spinal-epidural more effective compared to epidural for labor analgesia?

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of combined spinal-epidural (CSE) analgesia and low-dose epidural analgesia in labor and study their effects on maternal and fetal well-being. Material and Methods: Sixty parturients classified as the American Society of Anesthesiologists I, in established labor and requesting epidural, were alternately divided into two groups (30 each). Group I received 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl 2 ug/ml epidural analgesia. Group II received CSE analgesia comprising of 25 μg fentanyl in the intrathecal space and 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl 2 ug/ml for epidural analgesia. Onset of analgesia, maternal hemodynamics, fetal heart rate, duration of labor, ambulation, incidence of cesarean section, instrumental delivery, side effects, and total dose of bupivacaine and fentanyl used were recorded. Results: Onset of analgesia in CSE group (1.48 ± 0.46 min) was significantly faster compared to the epidural group (3.87 ± 0.83 min). Duration of the first stage of labor was shorter in the CSE group (218.93 ± 78.15 min) compared to epidural group (308.03 ± 147). No significant difference between the groups was found in hemodynamic effects, duration of the second stage of labor, or in maternal and neonatal outcomes. Pruritus was seen in 50% of CSE patients. Mean total bupivacaine used in CSE group was significantly lesser than that used in Group I (56.750 ± 22.33 mg vs. 79.325 ± 28.81 mg). Conclusion: Both CSE and epidural analgesia provide comparable pain relief and maternal and fetal outcomes. CSE can be beneficial for parturients coming in advanced labor as its onset of action is faster.
Mixed opportunistic infection with Mucor, Aspergillus and Candida in oculo-rhino-cerebral mycosis: An uncommon case

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection usually occurring in immunocompromised patients or in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. It carries a high mortality rate. Aspergillosis which is caused by Aspergillus species may cause an invasive disease in immunosuppressed patients. A 63-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with sudden onset painless diminution of vision in the right eye and restriction of orbital movements. Oculo-rhino-cerebral mucormycosis was diagnosed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. Histopathology and fungal culture showed mixed infection with Mucor, Aspergillus and Candida. Liposomal Amphotericin B was started and surgical debridement was done.
The impact of Social Networking Sites on Relationship Maintenance of Social Capital

Although Social Networking Sites (SNS) offer numerous affordances in displacing the barriers of time and space for empowering rural citizens to maintain and increase their social capital, the degree to which these affordances diminish the relative significance of face to face and mediated communication is unclear. This paper examines the impact of SNS on Relationship Maintenance (RM) of social capital (SC) using a novel mixed method design, applied to a representative survey sample of a rural Irish community, followed by a sub-sample for in-depth interview. Findings illustrate that despite widespread adoption of SNS, the role and importance of SNS for RM of SC still pale in comparison to Face to Face & other media. We discuss our findings in relation to affordance theories of Computer Mediated Communication, highlighting factors such as Instrumental Awareness, altruistic behaviors, and socio-cultural contextual factors impacting appropriation and use value of SNS.
Barrier to Access and Dental Care Utilization Behavior with Related Independent Variables in the Elderly Population of Saudi Arabia

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate barriers associated with access and utilization of dental services among the elderly population of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A systematic random sample of 350 elderly people recruited from various gathering places of the elderly including all nursing home residents (n = 73) was included in this study. The data were collected through face-to-face structured interviews related to access and utilization of dental services, and sociodemographic, behavioral, medical, and financial barriers to dental services. Statistical analysis included frequency distributions, chi-squared tests, and regression analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Results: Approximately 37% of the elderly had proper access to and utilization of dental services. Independent variables that affect access and utilization of dental services were low income (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23, confidence interval [CI] = 1.34–3.72), unmarried participants (OR = 3.25, CI = 1.75–6.05), community residents (OR = 5.15, CI = 2.52–10.53), smokers (OR = 1.93, CI = 1.02–3.68), irregular users of toothbrushing (OR = 3.53, CI = 2.09–5.95), no dental insurance (OR = 1.88, CI = 1.06–3.37), and unaffordable price (OR = 2.55, CI = 1.38–4.69) in the bivariate analysis. In logistic regression analysis, the significant variables that were associated with proper access and utilization of dental services were having dental insurance (OR = 2.24, CI = 1.15–3.82), affordable prices (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.21–3.70), brushing regularly (OR = 3.58, CI = 2.01–6.37), higher education (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.10–3.20), and being married (OR = 1.68. CI = 0.97–2.91). Conclusion: Lack of perceived need, no dental insurance, unaffordable price, transportation, and fear from dental treatment were the most common significant barriers to dental services.
Cyclic fatigue comparison of different manufactured endodontic files

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic files of different manufacturers operated in disparate motions. Materials and Methods: Six different brands of nickel–titanium instruments, such as ProFile Vortex™, Vortex Blue™, Twisted File™, HyFlex™, WaveOne™, and S1™ all with a tip size ISO 25 with 0.06 taper, except for WaveOne™ tip size ISO 25 with 0.08 taper, were included in the study. Six groups of 20 rotary files from each system were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance. All files were rotated in a simulated root canal with a certain diameter, angle of curvature, and a radius of curvature of a specific cyclic fatigue testing device until fracture occurred. Time to fracture was recorded for each instrument in each group in seconds. The mean values and standard deviation were then calculated. Data were compared using repeated measures ANOVA for individual comparisons followed by Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at the 95% confidence level. Results: Time of fracture had statistically significant differences among all groups tested (P < 0.5) except between Group 1 (PV) and Group 4 (HF) and between Group 2 (VB) and Group 3 (TF); there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.5). Thus, the S1 file offered a long life span, followed by WaveOne™, ProFile Vortex™, HyFlex™, Twisted Files™, and then Vortex Blue™. Conclusion: The reciprocating instruments (S1 and WaveOne™) had a higher cyclic fatigue resistance than all rotary files used in this study. However, the Profile Vortex (M-wire) and HyFlex (CM) showed better cyclic fatigue resistance than other rotating files in this study. Hence, the blue and R-phase heat treatments did not enhance the cyclic fatigue resistance for rotating instruments.
Achieving Strategic Innovation through Information Technology Outsourcing: A Configurational Approach

Recent Information Technology outsourcing (ITO) literature identifies an inherent tension in outsourcing: firms that use ITO to gain efficiency (e.g., cost reductions) will find it difficult to achieve strategic innovation through ITO. Best practices for efficiency gaining (e.g., having a detailed contract) can in fact inhibit firms’ ability to develop new products, services, or enter new markets. To date, few empirical studies examine this paradox. Our study adds to this growing literature by using a configurational approach to examine 41 large US enterprises of their ITO practices to achieve strategic innovation. Our findings suggest that a “mediated multi-outsourcing” strategy can indeed lead to strategic innovation. Moreover, contrary to the extant literature’s suggestion that detailed contracts can be an inhibitor to strategic innovation, we show that not using detailed contracts will in fact lead to the lack of strategic innovation. Our findings call for further research to understand the enablers and inhibitors of strategic innovation through ITO.
The Determinants of Quantified-Self Adoption: Towards the development of a Risk/Benefit Model

Self-quantification technologies offer an unlimited number of opportunities for improving human life, especially in terms of health and well-being. Despite the growing adoption of these technologies worldwide and the increasing scholarly interest, the factors that influence the adoption of quantified self (QS) have only been slightly examined by past research. To close this gap, this research in-progress presents a literature review on the benefits and risks of QS practices and it develops a multidisciplinary research model based on the Extended Valence Framework. This model offers five hypotheses that highlight the importance of considering technological, social and health factors when measuring QS adoption. Data collection with QS users is ongoing. The paper concludes with the design of the research and the expected contributions. sum and of to search for (perceived Their results confirm that the and impact of In addition, their results confirm the role of trust that positively influences intentions, reduces risk perception and increases perceived
Enacting Digital Ambidexterity: The Case of the Swedish Public Sector

Digitalization brings with it a necessary parallel quest for increased efficiency and innovation. In line with the foundational literature on organizational ambidexterity, this corresponds to the balancing between exploration and exploitation. With ambidexterity perceived as a dynamic process rather than a state, research has called for additional studies on how ambidexterity is enacted. This study utilizes data collected in a survey of digital ambidexterity in the Swedish Public sector in 2018, with 2,000 respondents from 70 organizations. As part of the survey, individual respondents were asked about recent or currently active initiatives that were seen as positive for increased ambidexterity. These accounts are used as a basis for analyzing the enactment of digital ambidexterity in the public sector. The findings show that there are three clear patterns in the enactment of digital ambidexterity. First, there is a strong focus on technological rather than strategic or organizational initiatives. Second, there is a heavy emphasis on initiatives for increased efficiency rather than innovation. Third, the bulk of initiatives are directed towards increased digital ambidexterity, rather than first dealing with the digital heritage. These findings are discussed in line with the ambidexterity literature, to identify avenues for future research into the continued study of the enactment of ambidexterity.
Competitiveness in Mexican SMEs: ERP, a differentiating factor? / Competitividad en Pymes Mexicanas: ERP ¿un factor diferenciador?

Despite the benefits of ERP systems in the organizations that adopt them, the literature has not been categorical in determining whether these systems generate competitive advantage, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As a way to contribute in this matter, this study in progress aims to validate a research model based on the resource-based theory (Barney, 1991) that intends to explain the impact that ERP systems have on the capacity of integration and competitive advantage of SMEs. The preliminary results, obtained from 89 Mexican SMEs, indicate that IT and organizational resources present in the companies are important to generate a greater capacity for business integration through ERP systems, which directly influences the obtaining of competitive advantage.
Why do I get phished? The role of persuasion, design authenticity and contextualization

Phishing emails employ a multitude of persuasion techniques that may include reward schemes (such as a gift coupon), losses (such as a social urgency), the commonality of email structure and design, or related to a recent topic. These persuasion techniques appeal individual users to respond and share personal information by clicking on the URL shared via the email. In this study, we conducted a detailed investigation through a social experiment and identified those predictors of phishing emails, which makes them trustworthy. We considered the following persuasion techniques: (a) loss-based; (b) reward-based, (c) design authenticity, and (d) reference to a relevant topic. Additionally, we considered whether the cyber-hygiene of the participants could moderate persuasive factors and mislead the user to click on the link. We grounded our findings in behavioral IS theories that explain human susceptibility to phishing. We recommend that loss-based persuasion and design similarity are the two most influential factors that contribute to phishing attacks. Further, presence of prior cyber-hygiene knowledge and contextualized emails can moderate the actual user response towards phishing emails.
SNS-induced negative emotions and discontinuance decisions

Why people discontinue the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) is a topic that has been recently attracting more attention from IS scholars. Although negative emotions are recognized to play an important role in SNSs user’s discontinuance decisions, research connecting both concepts has been su rprisingly scarce. This theory development paper delineates how negative emotions derived from the use of SNSs may lead users to engage in discontinuance behaviors. Online, retrospective, prospective, and anticipated negative emotions are advanced as four distinct kinds of reactions influencing users’ SNSs discontinue decisions. The association among these kinds of emotions is also described. In contrast to prior works, various individual negative emotions and their potential elicitors are considered. This article’s main contribution is the development of a more accurate conceptual description of SNS-induced negative emotions which can serve as better guidance for future empirical studies targeting the discontinuance of this technology.