Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview

Barry J. Zimmerman is Distinguished Professor at the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York. I AN ERA OF CONSTANT DISTRACTIONS in the form of portable phones, CD players, computers, and televisions for even young children, it is hardly surprising to discover that many students have not learned to self-regulate their academic studying very well. Consider the case of Tracy, a high school student who is infatuated with MTV. An important mid-term math exam is two weeks away, and she has begun to study while listening to popular music “to relax her. ” Tracy has not set any study goals for herself—instead she simply tells herself to do as well as she can on the test. She uses no specific learning strategies for condensing and memorizing important material and does not plan out her study time, so she ends up cramming for a few hours before the test. She has only vague self-evaluative standards and cannot gauge her academic preparation accurately. Tracy attributes her learning difficulties to an inherent lack of mathematical ability and is very defensive about her poor study methods. However, she does not ask for help from others because she is afraid of “looking stupid,” or seek out supplementary materials from the library because she “already has too much to learn. ” She finds studying to be anxiety-provoking, has little self-confidence in achieving success, and sees little intrinsic value in acquiring mathematical skill. Self-regulation researchers have sought to understand students like Tracy and to provide help in developing key processes that she lacks, such as goal setting, time management, learning strategies, self-evaluation, self-attributions, seeking help or information, and important self-motivational beliefs, such as self-efficacy and intrinsic task interest. In recent years, there have been exciting discoveries regarding the nature, origins, and development of how students regulate their own learning processes (Zimmerman & Schunk, 2001). Although these studies have clearly revealed how self-regulatory processes lead to success in school, few teachers currently prepare students to learn on their own. In this article, I discuss students’ self-regulation as a way to compensate for their individual differences in learning, define the essential qualities of academic self-regulation, describe the structure and function of self-regulatory processes, and, finally, give an overview of methods for guiding students to learn on their own.
The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems

This article, which is based on the author's Presidential address to the American Finance Association in 1993, argues that squeezing out excess capital and capacity is one of the most formidable ongoing challenges facing not only the U.S. economy, but the economies of all industrialized nations. In making this argument, the article draws striking parallels between the 19th‐century industrial revolution and worldwide economic developments in the last three decades. In both periods, technological advances led to not only sharp increases in productivity and dramatic reductions in prices, but also massive obsolescence and overcapacity. And much as the great M&A wave of the 1890s reduced capacity by consolidating some 1,800 companies into roughly 150, the leveraged takeovers, LBOs, and other leveraged recapitalizations of the 1980s provided “healthy adjustments” to overcapacity that was building in many sectors of the U.S. economy. To help public companies make the necessary adjustments to overcapacity, the author urges them to consider adopting some of the features of private equity, including significant equity stakes for managers, high leverage or payouts, and the recruiting of active investors as “partners in the business. ”
Evaluation of Handmade Extra-Corporeal Loop versus Metallic Clips in Securing the Appendicular Stump in Laparoscopic Appendicectomy

Introduction: Laparoscopic appendicectomy has gained popularity due to the advantages of minimal-access surgery. Inadequate closure of the appendix stump leads to intra-abdominal surgical site infection or even fecal fistula. The base of the appendix can be secured with endostapler, endoloops, metallic clips or intracorporeal ligature. Aim: To evaluate the handmade extra-corporeal loop versus endoclip in securing the base of the appendix in non-complicated acute appendicitis. Methods: During the period from April 2014 to February 2016, in South Valley University, Aswan University and Sohag University hospitals (these are tertiary hospitals), 400 laparoscopic appendicectomy patients were included in this prospective study. In total, 240 patients were female and the overall average age was 25.6 years old. Patients were divided into two equal groups (group L and group C): in group L, handmade extracorporeal loop was used to secure the base of the appendix, the metallic clip was used in group C.Results: The mean operative time was 49 min in group L and 35.4 min in group C (P 0.05). Complications varied between port- site wound infection and delayed intestinal sounds, fecal fistula and there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Using extracorporeal handmade loop or the metallic clips to secure the appendicular stump is safe, feasible, easy and inexpensive methods. The loop takes a little more time in its preparation. Metallic clips are inappropriate for edematous wide base appendix.
School in our memory: do we remember our time in middle and high school differently?

ABSTRACT The present study investigated autobiographical memories of school. While previous works have shown that most memories relating to school are social as opposed to academic, there are still strong theoretical arguments for the presumed prevalence of educationally oriented memories from at least some parts of the school period. The goal of the study was to replicate previous studies while addressing some of their limitations. In our study, only memories of high school were more socially and less educationally oriented. Also, memories of high school were more positive and emotionally intense. We discuss the further implications of these effects.
CONTROL OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC MODELS OF PREDATOR-PREY TYPE

En un contexto ecologico, un gran grupo de modelos de dinamica poblacional pueden ser escritos como sistemas dinamicos no lineales en una o dos variables, i.e., cada variable representa la densidad poblacional de una especie. Cuando una o mas especies son retiradas del sistema (captura), es necesario introducir un control (politica de captura) para evitar la extincion de las especies por la captura. La politica de umbral (threshold policy TP) y la politica de umbral con histeresis (TPH) que son revisadas y discutidas en este articulo, pueden ser usadas para evitar el colapso de las densidades poblacionales gobernadas por los modelos de tipo depredador-presa. La politica de umbral, modifica la dinamica de un sistema depredador-presa de tal modo que un punto de equilibrio estable es alcanzado. En otras palabras, permite la coexistencia de las especies. La politica de umbral con histeresis modifica la dinamica de manera que un ciclo limite es alcanzado (oscilacion limitada), es decir, ocurre la coexistencia de especies con oscilacion limitada de las densidades poblacionales. Este articulo estudia el modelo logistico continuo y discreto de una especie y los modelos Lotka-Volterra y Rosenzweig-MacArthur de dos especies. TP y TPH parecen ser versatiles y utiles en la gestion de recursos renovables, siendo simples de disenar e implementar, con algunas ventajas en casos de sobreexplotacion, asi como ante la presencia de diferentes tipos de incertidumbre. El diseno de politicas es llevado a cabo mediante la eleccion adecuada de equilibrios virtuales de una manera simple e intuitiva y la matematica usada es sencilla.
Recommending Who to Follow on Twitter Based on Tweet Contents and Social Connections

In this paper, we examine methods that can provide accurate results in a form of a recommender system within a social networking framework. The social networking site of choice is Twitter, due to its interesting social graph connections and content characteristics. We built a recommender system which recommends potential users to follow by analyzing their tweets using the CRM114 regex engine as a basis for content classification. The evaluation of the recommender system was based on a dataset generated from real Twitter users created in late 2009.
Resistance in Capsicum spp. to anthracnose affected by different stages of fruit development during pre- and post-harvest

This study aimed to investigate the reaction of unripe and ripe fruits of Capsicum spp. accessions to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides during the pre- and post-harvest periods, and to identify sources of resistance for use in plant breeding programs. Thirty-seven Capsicum spp. accessions of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro were evaluated. They were cultivated in a greenhouse and arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. Twenty fruits from each accession were inoculated at two stages (unripe and ripe) in two different environments (fruits inoculated in the plant and detached fruit inoculated under laboratory conditions). The symptoms were assessed every 24 hours between the 1st and 8th days after inoculation. There were highly significant differences in the values of the area under the disease progress curve and in severity, considering all sources of individual variation and their interactions. Values of low and moderate correlation were observed for inoculation of unripe and ripe fruit in both environments. These results indicate the existence of distinct genes responsible for resistance at different stages of fruit development. Complete lack of symptoms was registered only for accessions UENF 1718 and UENF 1797 (C. baccatum var. pendulum).
Cyclone evacuation in Bangladesh: Tropical cyclones Gorky (1991) vs. Sidr (2007)

Based on two separate post-cyclone pilot surveys on evacuation behaviour during two category 4 tropical cyclones in Bangladesh—Gorky in 1991 and Sidr in 2007—this study attempts to explain why the overwhelming majority of cyclone victims did not participate in evacuation initiatives, irrespective of significant changes in cyclone preparedness in Bangladesh following 1991. Although the two surveys were conducted in different time horizons—one about 10 years following the catastrophic event (Gorky) and the other in the immediate aftermath of the event (Sidr)—the cyclone victims cited similar reasons for their lack of evacuation to designated cyclone shelters. Despite recent improvements in cyclone warning systems and a major expansion of public cyclone shelters in coastal Bangladesh, which are clearly reflected in significant increases in formal evacuation, from only 3 per cent of the Gorky respondents to 33 per cent of the Sidr respondents, the lack of adequate numbers of shelters and problems with the cyclone warning systems have been attributed by the respondents as the principal deterrents of evacuation to the designated shelters. Most of the other factors, such as problems with logistics, gender issues, anxiety about the security of possessions left at home, and respondents' perceptions and experience of the cyclone hazards, are consistent with the findings of previous studies on the Gorky event, in particular, and other studies on cyclone/hurricane evacuation, more generally.
Robustness of system-filter separation for the feedback control of a quantum harmonic oscillator undergoing continuous position measurement

We consider the effects of experimental imperfections on the problem of estimation-based feedback control of a trapped particle undergoing continuous position measurement. These limitations violate the assumption that the estimator (i.e., filter) accurately models the underlying system, thus requiring a separate analysis of the system and filter dynamics. We quantify the parameter regimes for stable cooling and show that the control scheme is robust to detector inefficiency, time delay, technical noise, and miscalibrated parameters. We apply these results to the specific context of a weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Given that this system has previously been shown to be less stable than a feedback-cooled BEC with strong interatomic interactions, this result shows that reasonable experimental imperfections do not limit the feasibility of cooling a BEC by continuous measurement and feedback.
The role of motivational style, self-esteem, academic stress, gender and student’s expectations in predicting academic outcomes

4 Introduction.5 Method . 21 Participants and Procedure . 21 Design . 21 Outcome Measures.22 Results and Analysis.25 Gender and motivation style.26 Gender and academic stress.26 Gender and self-esteem.27 Expected and actual students’ performance.27 Motivation styles, self-esteem, academic stress and gender as a predictor of academic performance.29 Discussion . 32 Conclusion.36 References.37 Appendix.55
Survival, growth and mineral accumulation in ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings irrigated with water treatment effluent

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of irrigation with water treatment effluent on the growth and chemical constituents of ash seedlings Fraxinus excelsior L. according as soil chemical properties. This research was conducted at the site near to the Eastern Tehran water treatment plant. Ash seedling were planted in pots in three score rows After measuring their primary dimensions, the seedlings were irrigated with water treatment effluent, well water and water mix (50% well water + 50% water treatment effluent) for the period of April–October 2010. Three replications were considered for each of the score rows. During the entire period of observations, survival and growth parameters of three random seedling samples from each treatment were measured once in two months until the end of the growth season (October 2010). Observations included seedling height, collar diameter and survival. Application of water treatment effluent, well water and water mix indicated same seedling survival but water treatment effluent was superior than other treatments in improving seedling growth parameters (height, collar diameter and biomass dry weight) as well as it brought about the highest concentration of N, P, K and Mg in plant parts, when compared with mix water and well water treatments.
Self Control and Intertemporal Choice: Evidence from Glucose and Depletion Interventions

Recent developments in economic theory model intertemporal choice decisions as problems of restraining one's natural impulse to consume today. We use interventions that have been shown in the psychology literature to affect impulse control to examine whether this is indeed the case for laboratory elicitations of time preference. In other words, is savings behavior affected by manipulations of willpower? Our results are mixed, with one widely used willpower-reducing intervention increasing subjects' savings, and with evidence of a substantial placebo effects with respect to another intervention based on sugared beverage consumption. Since all our treatment effects -which are substantial in magnitude- are driven by increases in the intertemporal substitution elasticity (i.e. greater sensitivity to high prices), we suspect that the primary mechanism behind them is an increase in subjects' attention to the decision, rather than their ability to resist the temptation to get money sooner.
Effects of Packaging Geometry on Heat Penetration Time in Retortable Semi-Rigid Plastic Trays

Semi-rigid, retortable trays were filled with a food simulate and thermally processed in a water immersion automated batch retort system at rotational speeds of 6 RPM and 11 RPM. Triangle, rectangle, oval, and round trays were evaluated, each having approximately the same overflow capacity. During processing, trays were fixed in place with racks containing one shape per rack. Various rack location combinations were tested to provide processing data for each shape in each rack location. Heat penetration data was gathered using thermocouples located in the geometric center of each tray shape and this data was modeled to determine the slowest heating container. No differences were observed in rack location among tray geometries at either RPM level (P>0.05). The data generated during heat penetration runs was also used to model different retort temperatures and lethality values. A retort temperature of 215°F and a lethality value of 10 showed the highest average sterilization time (P 0.05) than any other shape tray. At a rotational speed of 11 RPM, differences in average process time to reach lethality between tray geometries were insignificant (P>0.05).
Media Optimization for Hyper-production of Carboxymethyl Cellulase using proximally analyzed agro-industrial residue with Trichoderma harzianum under SSF

Now a day’s enzyme production is a growing field of biotechnology especially related to industrially important enzymes. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of a filamentous fungus, Trichoderma harzianum for hyper-production of third most demanded industrial enzyme carboxymethyl cellulase using cheap and easily available agro-industrial residue wheat straw as growth supporting substrate under still culture solid state fermentation technique. Production of carboxymethyl cellulase was substantially enhanced through media optimization process. To promote carboxymethyl cellulase production, we evaluated the effect of several kinetic parameters like pretreatment, substrate concentration, initial moisture content, pH, incubation temperature and inoculum size on carboxymethyl cellulase production. Samples were harvested after every 24 hrs to study the profile of cellulase enzyme produced by the fungus on proximally analyzed wheat straw. By optimizing the SSF medium containing 2 % HCl pretreated wheat straw; maximum carboxymethyl cellulase activity (480±4.22 µM /mL/min) was recorded after 7 th day of incubation at pH 5.5; temperature, 35°C; moisture, 40 % and inoculum size, 10 %, using optimum substrate concentration (3%). Outcome of the research will be supportive in the improvement of low cost system for hyper-production of carboxymethyl cellulose for industrial application.
Fabrication and characterization of PDMS based magnetorheological elastomers

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of a new magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a matrix. The base and curing agent of PDMS with a weight ratio of 10:1 were mixed first as the carrying matrix, and then carbonyl iron particles were added to the matrix and stirred sufficiently. The final mixture was placed in a vacuum chamber to eliminate bubbles for 30 min and was moulded later to form membranes of 1 mm thickness. A total of four PDMS based MRE samples, with different weight fractions of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, were fabricated. Their mechanical properties under both steady-state and dynamic loading conditions were tested. The effects of particle composition, magnetic field, strain amplitude and frequency on the MRE effects were summarized. With the increase of iron particle composition, the magnetorheological effects of the samples increase steadily. It is also noted that the initial modulus of the MRE samples shows an increasing trend with the iron particle composition. Additionally, the microstructures of the PDMS based MREs were also observed by a low vacuum scanning electric microscope (LV-SEM).
Freeze Casting of Porous Bioactive Glass and Bioceramics

Highly porous network structures of hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphates, a bioactive glass as well as their composites have been fabricated using variations of camphene-, glycerol-, and ice-based freeze-casting techniques. The ball-milled slurries containing 10%-60% solid loading were cast at ambient temperature, followed by sublimation at temperatures between -70 degrees and 60 degrees C. The green body was sintered in air to a maximum temperature of 1100 degrees C for 4 h, which produced excellent three-dimensionally (3-D) interconnected structures with open pores. The nature of the pore channels varied from dendritic, columnar, and cellular to mixed geometry, with dense outer shells in some cases, depending on the particular method used. A monotonic increase in porosity with loading was observed with a decrease in the loading volume. Microstructural analysis was used for porous structures to extract information on geometry, porosity, and pore size distribution. This proved particularly useful to assess whether some of the 3-D structures produced by these methods are suitable for tissue engineering applications. Differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density were used to characterize precursor powders, slurry, and sintered products.
Female Labor Force Participation in Iran: A Structural Analysis

Abstract Low female labor force participation (FLFP) rate in Iran, at the time that women’s education has been rising and their fertility rates have been falling, has remained a puzzle. By estimating elasticities of participation and hours with respect to wages (the extensive and intensive margins), this paper tries to shed some light on this puzzle. Using a structural estimation and controlling for selection, it depicts that the elasticity of women’s participation in the labor force with respect to wages is quite large, especially for married women. Based on this, one may argue that women’s participation is very sensitive to wages. But this is not consistent with the stylized facts about FLFP in Iran. The plausible implication of such elasticities, however, is that non-participating women have potential wages close to the wages of those who participate. Therefore, lower potential wages cannot be the factor that strongly dissuades women from participation. Instead, anticipated factors, such as labor market institutions and preferences, could be the underlying force hindering women from participation. The low FLFP rate can be explained better in light of these findings. The implications for policy and research are discussed.
Retrospective early test for adult vigor of Pinus pinaster families grown under two water regimes. Implications for early selection

Tests retrospectifs pour la croissance de familles de Pinus pinaster soumises a deux regimes hydriques. Implications pour la selection precoce. Des tests retrospectifs pour la croissance ont ete mis en oeuvre sur des familles vigoureuses et peu vigoureuses de Pinus pinaster de la provenance landaise caracterisees pour leur vigueur adulte. Des semis de 1 mois ont ete soumis a deux regimes hydriques en solution hydroponique: temoin (-0.03 MPa) et stress (-0.5 MPa). Les resultats obtenus ont montre une croissance racinaire des familles V-acceleree par rapport a celle des familles V+; mais la partie aerienne de ces dernieres etait plus hydratee. Un ajustement osmotique racinaire a ete observe chez les deux types de familles avec, cependant, des valeur de potentiel osmotique plus negatives dans la pointe racinaire des V-que des V+, et inversement pour la partie superieure de la racine. Cette etude n'apporte que peu de soutien a l'hypothese qu'une simulation des conditions limitantes en champ ameliorerait les correlations juvenile-adulte chez le pin maritime. Les parametres statistiques issues d'analyses de variance n'ont pas ete affectes dans le sens d'une amelioration des parametres genotypiques et peu de correlations significatives ont ete enregistrees au niveau des moyennes de familles. Les implications de ces resultats quant a la selection tres precoce chez le pin maritime sont discutees.