Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Internet sites: a linguistic perspective on health advice columns

In this article, health Internet sites are discussed with a special focus on advice, and in particular advice columns. It is argued that health educators can exploit the potential of the Internet to reach a large audience by making use of the popular format of an advice column. This text type is already well established in the print media and offers the advice-seekers anonymity and an archive to search for solutions to their concerns. At the same time, the interactive format allows health educators to find the genuine concerns of their target audience, as depicted in the “problem letters”. The article discusses the intricacies of the linguistic act of advice-giving and the linguistic challenges that health providers face in creating and maintaining an online advice platform.
Training Needs in Russian Industrial Companies: Assessment by CEOs

The article reports on the results of a recent survey of 740 Russian CEOs on their attitudes towards business education. It was found that the implied demand of Russian CEOs for managerial retraining is consistent, as retraining is seen as a remedy for current rather than fundamental problems in managerial efficiency, and it is insolvent as Russian companies currently are not ready for serious investment in human resources. In addition, there are low chances for dissemination of knowledge and skills within the company as Russian CEOs do not value coaching and mentoring. Some policy recommendations are provided.
Three interpretations of the association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease

Most epidemiological studies of cardiovascular disease have had a focus on smoking, blood pressure, diet, physical activity and obesity in adulthood as determinants of cardiovascular disease. A few studies from the 1970s and onwards attempted to shed light on the early origins of this disease, and it is now established through cohort studies that there is a fairly strong and consistent relationship between low birth weight and increased risk of later cardiovascular disease. However, the interpretation of this relationship is under discussion. Three alternative interpretations of the association are discussed. The first interpretation, the environmental causal model, claims that the external influences on the growth of fetal organ systems have detrimental biological consequences that predispose the child for cardiovascular disease as an adult. This is the fetal programming hypothesis, which presently more often is called the theory of developmental plasticity, integrating environmental events before and after birth. The second interpretation, the genetic confounding model, says that the association between low birth weight and later cardiovascular disease is not causal. The association is due to confounding by pleiotropic genes, i.e. genes that influence more than one phenotype. The third interpretation, the environmental confounding model, says that lifestyles and general socioeconomic conditions that correlate across generations cause both low birth weight and predisposes for cardiovascular disease, and thereby leads to a spurious association. The conclusion is that, with the studies reported up to now, one cannot dismiss any of these interpretations. By utilizing the large pregnancy cohorts set up in Norway and other countries, these models can be put to critical tests.
Elaborating on Internet addiction and cyberchondria – relationships, direct and mediated effects

The present paper focuses on the effects of personality traits on the levels of Internet addiction and cyberchondria and their consequent effects on well-being. For the purposes of the research, mediation analyses were carried out, clarifying the infl uence of personality traits on well-being mediated by Internet addiction, cyberchondria and anxiety aroused by online health information seeking. It was established that Neuroticism leads to decreased well-being through the mediating infl uence of health anxiety, escalation and persistence of health concerns. Health anxiety is a mediator in the relationship between Openness to Experience and well-being. It was established that low levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and high levels of Openness, and Neuroticism, infl uence Internet addiction, which in turn leads to decreased well-being. Furthermore, we established the mediated infl uence of Internet addiction on the tendency for cyberchondria and health anxiety through using the Internet for health information and judgment biases.
Characterization of a pumpkin mRNA encoding a Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDK) potentially involved in phloem development

The phloem is involved in the delivery of nutrients but also of long-range signals that regulate diverse processes. Several different RNAs have been found in the phloem translocation stream, which could have a role in signaling. In a previous work, we have found several RNAs in pumpkin phloem sap exudates in response to viral infection, among them a transcript encoding a potential cyclindependent protein kinase (CDK). In this study, we report the further characterization of the aforementioned CDK mRNA. The complete sequence of this mRNA, which we termed CmCDKP (for Cucurbita maxima CDK from Phloem), was obtained (GenBank no. AIQ82912.1). The phylogenetic analysis of the virtual translation of this sequence showed that CmCDKP is closely related to those involved in transcriptional regulation via RNA polymerase II CTD phosphorylation, or splicing control. The mRNA accumulated to highest levels in pollen tissue. Interestingly, the mRNA localized to the companion cell-sieve element complex in the phloem, developing phloem, and also in isolated cells in the shoot apical meristem, suggesting a role in early phloem development.
The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less

The book starts off brilliantly with an array of examples from everyday life. An interesting inference is made using the doctor–patient example. The doctor offers a sick patient a choice of different treatments, stating the risks and benefits for each one of them. If one looks at this situation very carefully, what is actually happening is that the burden of such an important decision is being shifted from the doctor to the patient, that is, from someone who is more informed to someone who has only a vague idea. Herein lays the question: Do these choices actually make us better off? Experiments and surveys have discovered that multiple choices rarely make consumers better off; rather, they go back to the same position, if not worse off.
Gender-based violence in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study of the magnitude, likely risk factors and attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women

Globally, a common manifestation of gender-based abuse is intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. IPV is a serious public health problem that comes with a debilitating toll on women, their families, and the immediate environment in which they reside. Research, mostly conducted in developed countries, has identified some likely factors responsible for violence and has also explored attitudes that could be supportive of abuse. However, developing countries around the world, especially those in Africa, are still far behind in making tangible impact on exploring these issues. Considering this paucity of information and with the aim of contributing to the IPV knowledge base in the developing world, a cross-sectional population-based survey involving 719 Nigerian women (aged 18 years and above, currently or previously in cohabiting or non-cohabiting relationships) was conducted using a detailed pretested questionnaire to solicit data on demographics, socioeconomic, attitudinal, and behavioral characteristics, as well as those pertaining to experiences of IPV. On performing relevant descriptive statistical analyses on the data collected, the results show that lifetime and current prevalence of IPV are 25.5% and 16.7%, respectively. There is also an indication that women across urban and rural areas have a relatively high level of acceptance towards IPV (wife-beating). Results from logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors of violence show that factors such as women's and partners' educational attainments, partnership age and educational disparities, partnership discord, among others, are predictive of violence.
Mercury Removal from Aqueous Solution by Mixed Mineral Systems II. The Role of Solution Composition and Ageing

This study investigates Hg(II) removal onto binary mixed mineral sorbents from simulated mercury contaminated water, relevant to surface and groundwater impacted environment. However, sorption pattern appeared to be controlled by outer sphere complexation, inner sphere complexation and intra-particle diffusion for Hg (II) sorbed on goethite and mixed mineral system of goethite-montmorillonite with respect to pH. Decrease in Hg (II) sorption as Cp was increased may be attributed to increase in particle size and aggregation of the mineral suspensions. The Cp effect is also related to effective surface area, pressure, and force at the mineral/water interface The complex behavior of mineral systems over the range of residence time investigated may be attributed to increased hydroxylation of the mineral surface resulting in the formation of new reactive sites.
Simultaneous umbilical blood flow during normal pregnancy in sheep and goat foetuses using non-invasive colour Doppler ultrasound

The characteristics of umbilical blood flow (UM) was investigated using 18 (25 foetuses) pregnant ewes and 20 (41 foetus) pregnant goats transrectal non-invasive color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations were done frequently between 2 and 8 week after breeding and then transabdominally until parturition. Colour Doppler velocimetery includes blood flow volume (BFV), time averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), time average of mean (TAMEAN) and impedance of blood flow (PS/ED or AB ratio). Also a qualitative evaluation of UM blood flow indicating increases (P < 0.001) in BFV, TAMV and TAMEAN were observed until 19 week of pregnancy in foetuses of sheep and goats and then those values decreased (P < 0.001) from 19 week until parturition. Conversely, UM-PI, RI and PS/ED decreased (P < 0.002-0.01) until 19 week and then increased (P < 0.01-0.0001). The umbilical artery BFV increased (P < 0.0001) during pregnancy from 7.27 ± 0.82 ml/min in sheep vs. 4.96 ± 0.54 ml/min in goats at 6 week of gestation to 700.51 ± 31.05 ml/min (~100 fold) in sheep vs. 665.56 ± 48.22 ml/min (~133 fold) in goats at 19 week and then decreased (P < 0.0001) to 350.561 ± 72.15 ml/min in sheep vs. 215.17 ± 35.06 ml/min in goats at 20 week. The absence of end diastolic velocity (EDV) of umbilical artery blood flow was detected in both species between 4 and 12 week of pregnancy. Results of this study clearly show that the non-invasive colour Doppler sonography can be used successfully to assess umbilical blood flow in foetuses of pregnant sheep and goats. These may provide guidelines for assessing the state of intrauterine fetal growth retardation in pregnancies of sheep and goats.
HEMATOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF PARA- PHENYLENEDIAMINE AFTER SUBCHRONIC TOPICAL APPLICATION IN RATS

Dermal exposure and subsequent toxicity evaluation is a routine trend in toxicological research after it has been realized that skin also act as a route of exposure for xenobiotics. Para-Phenylenediamine (PPD/1, 4 diaminobenzene), a monocyclic arylamine, is widely used in almost all hair dye formulation. Systemic exposure to PPD and PPD containing hair dye has been shown to induce hypersensitivity in sensitized individual only. But in others PPD or hair dye containing PPD doesn't elicit any negative response, thus allowing continuous use of such hair dye products containing PPD. Epidemiological studies indicated higher risk of leukemia, lymphoma and bladder cancer among user of hair dye containing PPD. In vitro studies involving PPD and its various derivatives have also been shown to cause DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes. The present study was conducted to investigate the hematological and genotoxic effect of three different doses of PPD (1, 2, 3 mg/kg) after repeated topical application for 30 days. The results of the present investigation clearly indicated hematoxicity of PPD as was evident from reduced RBC count, PCV value, Hemoglobin and increased reticulocytes in the peripheral circulation and significant changes in the cytomorphology of the blood cells. The comet assay of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of PPD treated rat's shows significant amount of DNA damage compared to the control animal group, suggesting that PPD is genotoxic in nature.
A longitudinal household data set for South African policy analysis

The work reported here is the outcome of a collaborative project between researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the University of Natal, and the University of Wisconsin. In addition to support from these three institutions, the following provided financial support: the United States Agency for International Development (Office of Women in Development Grant Number FAO-0100-G-00-5050-00 Strengthening Development Policy through Gender Analysis; the BASIS/CRSP project at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a University Partnership Grant); the Ford Foundation; a Centre for Science Development population studies grant to the University of Natal; and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU).
A clinical study of cutaneous manifestations in neonates

Background: Various cutaneous manifestations are common in the neonatal period. Transient and pathological neonatal dermatoses should be differentiated to avoid unnecessary treatment and to relieve parent’s stress. The present study is being carried out to study the clinical pattern of cutaneous lesion during the neonatal period, to determine the frequency of various dermatoses i.e. physiological and pathological lesions in neonate along with appropriate management of cases. Methods: A total of 100 neonates from labour rooms and pediatric nursery of Basaveshwara general hospital, Kalaburagi were evaluated for cutaneous manifestations. All the relevant data regarding history, clinical examination and investigations were recorded and analyzed. Results: Of the 100 neonates, 56 (56%) were males and 44 (44%) were females, 72 (72%) were full term, 23 (23%) were pre-term and 5% were post term. Of these 78% newborns were born to multigravidae mothers, while 24% newborns born of consanguineous marriage had cutaneous lesions. The majority of newborns 54% were born through normal delivery. The largest number of babies with cutaneous lesions (72%) was seen in newborns of mothers in the age group of 20-29 years. The most common dermatoses were physiological scaling (18%) and Mongolian spots (20%) followed by milia (13%), miliaria (14%). Conclusions: The present study helps to understand the type and distribution of cutaneous lesions presenting in the early neonatal period in newborns. Majority of skin lesions were transient and did not need any medical treatment. Counselling the parents helped alleviate their significant psychological stress as well as play a role in creating awareness in the community and benefit the people at large.
The Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Morocco: Econometric Analysis Using VECM

The present work aims to contribute to the empirical literature on the effectiveness of Foreign aid in Morocco. We use the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to jointly capture the long-run relationship and short-run dynamics between Official Development Assistance and economic growth. Other variables such as investment, exports, and government consumption are also included in the model. The results indicate that the foreign aid promotes growth through government consumption in the short term. However, the impact of aid on economic growth becomes negative in the long term.
Properties of polyurethane thin films

On the basis of the electrostatic field induced strain, dielectric and stress-strain measurements, the electromechanical properties of a polyurethane elastomer film based polyester were investigated. Up to about 7 MV/m, the induced strain showed a quadratic dependence on the applied electric field strength, which is consistent with an electrostrictive response. A strain of about 7.5 %, higher than those previously reported in the literature, was obtained. A remarkable apparent electrostrictive coefficient of about 7x10 - 1 6 m 2 /V 2 was found. The response time of the induced strain was found less than 700 ms, which means that the deformation of film is quite fast. On the basis of the measured values of Young's modulus and dielectric constant, the contribution of the Maxwell effect of 3.07 % was deduced. The investigated polyurethane shows some important characteristics needed in applications as actuators, sensors and transducers.
A Robust Test for Weak Instruments

We develop a test for weak instruments in linear instrumental variables regression that is robust to heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and clustering. Our test statistic is a scaled nonrobust first-stage F statistic. Instruments are considered weak when the two-stage least squares or the limited information maximum likelihood Nagar bias is large relative to a benchmark. We apply our procedures to the estimation of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, where our test cannot reject the null of weak instruments in a larger number of countries than the test proposed by Stock and Yogo in 2005. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The Titanosaur Sauropods from the Late Campanian—Early Maastrichtian Allen Formation of Salitral Moreno, Río Negro, Argentina

The dinosaur record of the Salitral Moreno locality (Río Negro Province, Argentina) is characterized by a high diversity of herbivore taxa, among them hadrosaurs, ankylosaurs, and titanosaur sauropods, but carnivores are rare, consisting of only a few fragmentary bones of small forms. Titanosaurs are represented by Rocasaurus muniozi and Aeolosaurus sp. , and at least four other taxa, represented by fragmentary material. The elements preserved include a cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, chevron, humerii, ulnae, radii, metacarpal, femora, tibiae, metatarsal, ischia, pubis, and ilium. The Allen Formation is thought to be correlated with the Marília Formation in Brazil, and their faunas have certain elements in common such as aeolosaurines, but saltasaurines and hadrosaurs, are known exclusively from the Allen Formation. These absences, and particularly that of the saltasaurines, may be because those sauropods originated late in the Cretaceous, probably in southern South America (Northern Patagonia? ), and they did not have time to disperse to northern South America.
Formation of massive seed black holes via collisions and accretion

Models aiming to explain the formation of massive black hole seeds, and in particular the direct collapse scenario, face substantial difficulties. These are rooted in rather ad hoc and fine-tuned initial conditions, such as the simultaneous requirements of extremely low metallicities and strong radiation backgrounds. Here we explore a modification of such scenarios where a massive primordial star cluster is initially produced. Subsequent stellar collisions give rise to the formation of massive (10^4 - 10^5 solar mass) objects. Our calculations demonstrate that the interplay between stellar dynamics, gas accretion and protostellar evolution is particularly relevant. Gas accretion onto the protostars enhances their radii, resulting in an enhanced collisional cross section. We show that the fraction of collisions can increase from 0.1-1% of the initial population to about 10% when compared to gas-free models or models of protostellar clusters in the local Universe. We conclude that very massive objects can form in spite of initial fragmentation, making the first massive protostellar clusters viable candidate birth places for observed supermassive black holes.
MOTHERING FATHERS : CHANGES IN SIGHT ? HOMBRES MATERNALES : ¿ CAMBIOS A VISTA ?

Today men interact more with their children and with their home environments compared with past decades. Men are redefining their identity and their roles, questioning societal constraints. Based on some studies of anthropology, sociology and psychology carried out in recent decades especially in Latin America, the relationship between father and son is focused in this article. In order to reflect on the possible effects of mothering fathers into the next generation this study tries to highlight the importance of parent-child relationship in the construction of male gender identity and to discuss asymmetries in the sharing of parental care, to identify the elements that contribute for different assumptions on fatherhood, and assessing the gender gap between men and women concerning child care.
Correlates, Antecedents, and Consequences of Reading Disabilities in 11-Year-Old Children with ADHD as a Major Correlate

The purpose of this study was to follow the development of children with reading disabilities only, reading disabilites and ADHD, ADHD only, and a comparison group from the ages of 3 to 18. Differences were examined on the following variables: (a) Antecedent variables- Reynell Developmental Language Scales, Temperament, and Family Adversity; (b) School-age variables- behavioral and academic self-concept ratings; and (c) Psychological adjustment variables at age 18- self-reports of delinquency. Children from the reading disabled groups exhibited receptive language deficits, were from families who during the early childhood years had less resources to cope with problem situations, exhibited difficult temperamental characteristics, and had negative academic self-concepts. Distinctions were also noted between a "pervasive" and "situational" presentation of behavioral problems. During late adolescence the reading disabled groups exhibited similar levels of delinquency as their non-disabled peers. The implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
Money and Credit Factors

The authors introduce new measures of important underlying macroeconomic phenomena that affect the financial side of the economy. These measures are calculated using the time-series factor analysis (TSFA) methodology introduced in Gilbert and Meijer (2005). The measures appear to be both more interesting and more robust to the effects of financial innovations than traditional aggregates. The general ideas set out in Gilbert and Pichette (2003) are pursued, but the improved estimation methods of TSFA are used. Furthermore, four credit aggregates are added to the components of the monetary aggregates, resulting in the possibility of extracting more common factors.