Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Brazilian Open Government Data Actually Open Data?: An Analysis of the Current Scenario

Open Government Data OGD hold great promise for transforming the efficiency and effectiveness of public services through the ease of publishing and access to government public information or through the offer of new kinds of services, such as smart cities services and applications. In this work, we analyze the Brazilian OGD current scenario and the main difficulties and challenges of developing applications using that data. First, we performed a structured analysis of Brazilian OGD repositories according to OGD definitions. Then, we analyzed the development of two similar applications that use the OGD of two main Brazilian cities and were submitted to different cities' application contests and were well evaluated in both of them. Based on the analysis, this work concludes that Brazilian OGD initiatives have to resolve some issues before being considered truly open data for use in application development at large.
Beggar-Thyself versus Beggar-Thy-Neighbor Policies: The Dangers of Intellectual Incoherence in Addressing the Global Financial Crisis

The global financial crisis that began in Thailand on July 2, 1997, has now grown far larger than almost anyone expected at the time. What many expected to be no more than a slight blip in the unrelenting advance of international capital markets has instead become the gravest threat to the stability of the world's market economy since the Great Depression. As recently as three months after the Thai crisis, the IMF at its annual meetings called for an expansion of its charter to allow it to promote capital market liberalization. In his address to that meeting, to be sure, the IMF's managing director was careful to note that important precursors-such as strong financial markets-had to be put into place before full capital market liberalization could take place. ' Today, 16 months into the crisis, there is a wider recognition of just how important those precursors are and of how few developing countries (and perhaps developed countries as well) satisfy those preconditions. Furthermore, many now worry that with or without those preconditions in place, short-term capital flows may be so volatile as to contribute greatly to international economic
Collective Bargaining in Europe in the 21st Century

Excerpt] Collective bargaining systems, frameworks and practices in the EU have come under some pressure in recent years. Against a steady, long-term decline in the numbers of companies and workers covered by a collective agreement, employer organisations and some politicians and experts argue that the collective bargaining system is too static and inflexible. They insist that companies need more room for manoeuvre to adapt, specify and also deviate from higher-level agreements to respond better to accelerated global competition. This pressure has increased since the 2008 crisis, when a number of EU Member States, in response to high unemployment rates, implemented labour reforms aimed at increasing competitiveness, productivity and job creation. Against this background, this study aims: • first, to map developments in all major aspects of collective bargaining (apart from pay and working time, which have been analysed separately by Eurofound) over the past 15 years and to put them in perspective in order to identify long-standing tendencies and trends as well as crisis-induced changes; • second, to explore how and to what extent these developments and trends might be reflected, in one way or another, in collective bargaining in the coming years. The study tries to provide a fresh look at existing but often fragmented evidence to identify similarities and differences in developments, as well as convergences and divergences, from the bird’s-eye rather than the worm’s-eye view.
Spatiotemporal variations of live coral cover in the northern Mesoamerican Reef System, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Evaluating the response of coral assemblages to different disturbances is important because variations in species composition may have consequences for ecosystem functioning due to their different functional roles in coral reefs. This study evaluates changes in diversity, structure and composition of coral assemblages of the coral reefs of two national parks in the northern sector of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System spanning the period from 2006 to 2012, just after the impact of two hurricanes in the area. Coral assemblages in the Cancun National Park included fewer species and lower live coral coverage ( Porites astreoides (more than 40% relative cover), and no significant temporal changes were observed in live coral cover and species composition. On the other hand, in the Cozumel National Park the dominant species were Agaricia agaricites, Siderastrea siderea and Porites astreoides , and the coral reefs showed an increase in live coral cover from 16% in 2006 to 29% in 2012. The dynamics of coral assemblages differed between the two parks: while there is an apparent stability in the current composition of the Cancun reefs, the Cozumel reefs show an increase in the abundance of the aforementioned dominant species. However, it is possible that the population characteristics of the species that dominate the coral assemblages in both national parks, such as those of fast population growth and of small colony size, do not entirely fulfill the main function of accretion and habitat heterogeneity, and more research is therefore needed to test this hypothesis.
Mentoring novice researchers in higher education: a 'communities of practice' perspective

This article reports on the mentoring of novice researchers, in particular of women and black academics, at a South African higher education institution. The model used for mentoring was informed by a “communities of practice” perspective which used situated and constructivist learning theories as a conceptual framework. One mentor and eleven proteges were involved. The proteges were divided into three groups of two, four and five participants each. Each group functioned as a community of practice (CoP) and embarked on a research project of its own choice. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mentoring model, and therefore it explains the participants’ views of their learning and development from a CoP per-spective. Data were collected by means of interviews and observation. The findings indicate how the development of the proteges from legitimate peripheral to more central participation was influenced by the university context, activities and rela-tionships in each CoP, and participants’ individual dispositions. Recommendations to improve the model and for further study are made.
Strategies and Entrepreneurial Success: An Assessment of Selected Female-Owned Micro & Small Businesses in Ikenne LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria

Entrepreneurial success is largely dependent on the strategies employed in exploiting a unique profitable opportunity. The utilization of tacit knowledge and innovations had enabled firms to gain competitive advantage and achieve success. This paper examined the effect of strategies on entrepreneurial success with focus on female-owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Diverse theoretical and empirical discourses were reviewed to establish relationships and effects with reference to strategies and success of MSMEs. The paper utilized primary data collected after administering validated copies of questionnaire to fifty-six female-owned enterprises in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. MSMEs were selected using purposive-convenient sampling technique. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted with specified multiple regression-models to depict entrepreneurial success as a function of strategies. From the results, it was discovered that knowledge transfer and innovation were key in engendering entrepreneurial success. Also, the number of years in business had a moderating effect on the relationship between strategies and the success of female-owned enterprises. The paper recommends knowledge transfer and embedded innovation to stimulate success among MSMEs in other areas, in order to ensure enterprises' longevity. Keywords: Innovation strategy, Knowledge transfer strategy, Entrepreneurial success, Knowledge-based view, Blue ocean strategy.
Prediction of Pile Capacity Parameters using Functional Networks and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines

The soil is found to vary spatially everywhere in nature. As such, it’s generally a difficult task to predict the nature of soil for any particular application with traditional methods like experimental, empirical, finite element or finite difference analysis. Analysis with traditional methods taking into factor all the varying inputs makes it a complex problem, which is difficult to solve and comprehend. This necessitates the use of statistical modelling tool for the solution to problems concerning soil. Pile foundations are widely used in civil engineering construction. However, owing to the variable behavior of soil and the dependence of vertical pile load capacity on numerous factors, there does not exist a definite equation which can estimate the pile load accurately and include all the factors comprehensively. Artificial intelligence techniques are known to successfully develop accurate prediction models with the obtained input and output data form laboratory experiments or field data. Therefore, in the present study, Functional Network (FN) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) were used to develop prediction models for the lateral load capacity of piles, vertical capacity of driven piles in cohesionless soil, friction capacity of piles in clay, axial capacity of piles and pullout capacity of ground anchors. In all the cases, prediction equations were provided for the developed models which were found to be simple and can be easily used by practicing geotechnical engineers. A standalone application was also developed to facilitate the calculation of required pile capacity parameters based on the prediction equations. The prediction models built by FN and MARS were compared with different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and empirical models available in the literature and FN and MARS were found to invariably outperform other AI techniques and empirical methods.
ULTRAFAST OUTFLOWS: GALAXY-SCALE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK

We show, using global three-dimensional grid-based hydrodynamical simulations, that ultrafast outflows (UFOs) from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) result in considerable feedback of energy and momentum into the interstellar medium (ISM) of the host galaxy. The AGN wind interacts strongly with the inhomogeneous, two-phase ISM consisting of dense clouds embedded in a tenuous, hot, hydrostatic medium. The outflow floods through the intercloud channels, sweeps up the hot ISM, and ablates and disperses the dense clouds. The momentum of the UFO is primarily transferred to the dense clouds via the ram pressure in the channel flow, and the wind-blown bubble evolves in the energy-driven regime. Any dependence on UFO opening angle disappears after the first interaction with obstructing clouds. On kpc scales, therefore, feedback by UFOs operates similarly to feedback by relativistic AGN jets. Negative feedback is significantly stronger if clouds are distributed spherically rather than in a disk. In the latter case, the turbulent backflow of the wind drives mass inflow toward the central black hole. Considering the common occurrence of UFOs in AGNs, they are likely to be important in the cosmological feedback cycles of galaxy formation.
The effect of timing temporary cements to treat induced pulp necrosis in the teeth of dogs

During endodontic therapy (pulpectomy, root canal debridement and root canal filling) microbiological management is a major concern. Bacteria present in dentine tubules, apical foramina and apical delta are causally related to failure of the procedure. Studies have shown that during single session endodontic treatment bacteria remain within dental structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate endodontic treatment performed as two sessions, using temporary endodontic dressing materials for different periods in four groups of experimental dogs. A total of 80 roots of second and third upper premolar teeth and second, third and fourth lower premolar teeth were divided into four groups. The pulp chamber was opened with burrs and the pulp exposed for 60 days to induce pulpal inflammation and necrosis. Groups II, III and IV were treated with calcium hydroxide plus camphorated paramono-chlorophenol (PMCC) for 7, 15 and 30 days, respectively. In all groups, the root canals were filled with zinc oxide-eugenol and gutta-percha cones. Clinical and radiographical measurements were performed every 2 weeks. After 60 days a small block section containing the teeth, surrounding periapical tissues and the periodontium was removed for histological and microbiological study. Histological analysis revealed intense inflammatory response in all groups. Microbiological analysis showed microbial reduction inversely proportional to the period of time that the intracanal temporary medicament was left in place.
Coral Reef Bleaching: An Ecological and Biological Overview

Coral reefs are central to the biology of our planet, but in the past few decades, they have suffered a severe decline due to a variety of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. On a worldwide scale, the main disturbance is bleaching, which can be defined as the loss of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates and/or of their photosynthetic pigments from their cnidar ‐ ian host; with that, the normal pigmentation of the tissue of cnidarians is generally lost and the white calcium carbonate skeleton becomes visible through the transparent tissue of the host. Coral bleaching can be triggered by multiple factors, but most of the bleach ‐ ing observed in the field is a result of elevated sea surface temperature. It has been widely documented that bleaching is deleterious to coral reefs, significantly altering the biologi ‐ cal and ecological processes that maintain reef communities; yet populations resistant to climate change have recently been identified, and it has been reported that acclima ‐ tization occurs in less than two years. The aim of this review is to provide up‐to‐date information regarding cnidarian‐dinoflagellate symbiosis; causes of coral bleaching; mechanisms underlying this phenomenon; consequences of bleaching; and the survival mechanisms by which coral reefs face this threat.
SOA: Trends and Directions

While many organizations have adopted SOA there are recent indications that not all organizations are willing to make substantial investments in new skills and technologies required for the transition to SOA in the current economic climate. The recent emergence of Cloud Computing is continuing the trend of delivering enterprise applications and IT infrastructure in the form of externally sourced services, providing an alternative to on-premise solutions. The convergence of Cloud Computing and Web 2.0 is redefining the very basis on which the computer industry has operated for decades, challenging some of the basic SOA assumptions and principles. In this paper we discuss the synergies between the above technology trends and consider the likely impact of these trends on enterprise computing.
Influence of growth regulators on morphogenetic processes under in vitro condition

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro shoot multiplication, vitrification and rooting of chinese carnation cultivar. Isolated axillary buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different levels of growth regulators and shoot multiplication and vitrification rate were tested. The phytohormones show significant influence on the process of plantlets neoformation, occurring differences statistically assured. Thus, the highest values were recorded when applying the culture medium of auxines: ANA, 2,4-D and AIA, while the lowest values were obtained for the use of GA3 and KIN. Regarding phytohormones influence on proliferative capacity, citokinines (BA, KIN) showed the highest values of number of sprouts/seedlings, showing strong differences statisticly provided from the results obtained using auxines (2,4-D, AIA, ANA, AIB). Given the unilateral effects of hormones is observed that statistically assured there are differences between them regarding plantlets vitrification. Thus, the highest values were recorded when applying the culture medium of citokinines: KIN and BAP while auxinele led to a reduction in the vitrification process.
Reconstructing the seafloor environment during sapropel formation using benthic foraminiferal trace metals, stable isotopes, and sediment composition

The evolution of productivity, redox conditions, temperature, and ventilation during the deposition of an Aegean sapropel (S1) is independently constrained using bulk sediment composition and high-resolution single specimen benthic foraminiferal trace metal and stable isotope data. The occurrence of benthic foraminifer, Hoeglundina elegans (H. elegans), through a shallow water (260 m) sapropel, permits for the first time a comparison between dissolved and particulate concentrations of Ba and Mn and the construction of a Mg/Ca–based temperature record through sapropel S1. The simultaneous increase in sedimentary Ba and incorporated Ba in foraminiferal test carbonate, (Ba/Ca)H. elegans, points to a close coupling between Ba cycling and export productivity. During sapropel deposition, sedimentary Mn content ((Mn/Al)sed) is reduced, corresponding to enhanced Mn2+ mobilization from sedimentary Mn oxides under suboxic conditions. The consequently elevated dissolved Mn2+ concentrations are reflected in enhanced (Mn/Ca)H. elegans levels. The magnitude and duration of the sapropel interruption and other short-term cooling events are constrained using Mg/Ca thermometry. Based on integrating productivity and ventilation records with the temperature record, we propose a two-mode hysteresis model for sapropel formation.
Air pollution and livestock production

The air in a livestock farming environment contains high concentrations of dust particles and gaseous pollutants. The total inhalable dust can enter the nose and mouth during normal breathing and the thoracic dust can reach into the lungs. However, it is the respirable dust particles that can penetrate further into the gas-exchange region, making it the most hazardous dust component. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of dust particles can lead to respiratory health issues for both livestock and farming staff. Ammonia, an example of a gaseous pollutant, is derived from the decomposition of nitrous compounds. Increased exposure to ammonia may also have an effect on the health of humans and livestock. There are a number of technologies available to ensure exposure to these pollutants is minimised. Through proactive means, (the optimal design and management of livestock buildings) air quality can be improved to reduce the likelihood of risks associated with sub-optimal air quality. Once air problems have taken hold, other reduction methods need to be applied utilising a more reactive approach. A key requirement for the control of concentration and exposure of airborne pollutants to an acceptable level is to be able to conduct real-time measurements of these pollutants. This paper provides a review of airborne pollution including methods to both measure and control the concentration of pollutants in livestock buildings.
An Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of the Patenting Behavior in Enterprises

In recent years, the enterprises, as the main innovation subject in China, have made high achievements in the field of patent. The influencing factors of the patenting behavior in enterprises have caused the wide attention of many scholars at home and abroad. Based on the institutional theory, this paper focuses on the influencing factors of the patenting behavior in enterprises by the empirical research. The research results indicate that the internal factors are the main factors affecting the patenting behavior while the external factors are the secondary factors; and that the internal and external factors of the enterprises affect the patenting behavior through intermediary, namely the different motivations of employees. At last, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the patenting behavior in enterprises.
$p$-adic heights of generalized Heegner cycles

We relate the $p$-adic heights of generalized Heegner cycles to the derivative of a $p$-adic $L$-function attached to a pair $(f, \chi)$, where $f$ is an ordinary weight $2r$ newform and $\chi$ is an unramified imaginary quadratic Hecke character of infinity type $(\ell,0)$, with $0 < \ell < 2r$. This generalizes the $p$-adic Gross-Zagier formula in the case $\ell = 0$ due to Perrin-Riou (in weight two) and Nekov\'a\u{r} (in higher weight).
Fertiliser value of human manure from pilot urine-diversion toilets

Ecological sanitation is a system that, unlike the traditional waterborne sewerage and pit toilet systems, regards human excreta as a resource to be recycled rather than as a waste. There is, however, little or no information on the fertiliser value of human excreta in South Africa. This study, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of human manure as a source of nutrients using cabbage as a test crop at Ntselamanzi location, Alice, South Africa as part of a project intended to generate knowledge and good practice in ecological sanitation. Treatments were arranged in a randomised complete block design with 4 replications and consisted of a control, 100 kg N·ha-1 as goat manure, and 4 non-zero rates of human manure and NPK fertiliser applied to supply the equivalent of 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg N·ha-1. Human manure resulted in higher cabbage yields than goat manure but was out-yielded by inorganic fertiliser. The greater effectiveness of human manure when compared with goat manure was attributed to the fact that it was a better source of K and P for plants as it maintained higher levels of these nutrients in soil than goat manure. For greater agronomic effectiveness, the human manure should be co-applied with some inorganic N fertiliser as it proved to be a poor source of nitrogen. The human manure increased soil pH and therefore has potential for improving crop growth in acidic soils through its liming effects as well. The dry human manure was evaluated as comparable to Type B sludge in South Africa with respect to microbial content and could therefore be used to fertilise some crops/plants provided stipulated restrictions to minimise human exposure are adhered to.
Milk production function and resource use efficiency in Jaipur District of Rajasthan

The study was undertaken during 2013 and 2014 in Jaipur District of Rajasthan with the objectives to examine the input-output relationships and assess the resource use efficiency in milk production. The study covered 100 commercial dairy farms. The results of Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that expenditure on dry fodder and green fodder for small category of herd size were found to be positive and significant. The results for medium category of herd size revealed that partial regression coefficients for expenditure on green fodder and miscellaneous expenditure for were found positive and significant. The results for large category of herd size revealed that the partial regression coefficient for expenditure on concentrate and miscellaneous expenditure were found positive and significant. In case of small category of herd size, it was observed that dry fodder, green fodder, labour and miscellaneous expenses were optimally utilized. In case of medium category it was observed that dry fodder, green fodder and miscellaneous expenses were optimally utilized. In case of large category of herd size, dry fodder, concentrate and miscellaneous expenditure were optimally utilized. Key words: Concentrate, dry fodder, green fodder, labour, milk, mvp and resource use efficiency.