Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent evaluations of the peer-led approach in adolescent sexual health education: a systematic review.

CONTEXT Peer-led interventions have become a popular method of providing sexual health education to adolescents, but the efficacy of this approach and the methodological quality of recent trials have not been systematically reviewed. METHODS Electronic and hand searches were conducted to identify quasi-randomized and randomized controlled trials of peer-led adolescent sexual health education published from 1998 to 2005. Studies were eligible if they had an appropriate comparison group, provided preintervention and postintervention data, and reported all outcomes. Study results were summarized and, where appropriate, pooled; in addition, 10 aspects of studies' methodological quality were assessed. RESULTS Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Pooled, adjusted results from seven trials that examined the effects of peer-led interventions on condom use at last sex found no overall benefit (odds ratio, 1.0). None of the three trials that assessed consistent condom use found a benefit. One study reported a reduced risk of chlamydia (0.2), but another found no impact on STD incidence. One study found that young women (but not young men) who received peer-led education were more likely than nonrecipients to have never had sex. Most interventions produced improvements in knowledge, attitudes and intentions. Only three studies fulfilled all 10 of the assessed quality criteria; two others met nine criteria. CONCLUSIONS Despite promising results in some trials, overall findings do not provide convincing evidence that peer-led education improves sexual outcomes among adolescents. Future trials should build on the successful trials conducted to date and should strive to fulfill existing quality criteria.
Factors associated with nocturnal, productive and dry cough in the young adult population of Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with nocturnal, productive and dry cough among young adults in Nigeria. METHODS We evaluated 498 subjects, 20-44 years of age, in Ilorin, Nigeria, using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire, administered by trained interviewers. RESULTS Nocturnal cough was associated with asthma (OR = 10.87; p < 0.01), nasal allergy (OR = 6.33; p < 0.01), smoking (OR = 3.10; p < 0.01), skilled manual and non-manual work (OR = 2.86 and 2.10, respectively; p < 0.01 for both) and female gender (OR = 1.33; p = 0.17). Productive cough was associated with skilled manual and non-manual work (OR = 3.82 and 3.03, respectively; p < 0.01 for both), smoking (OR = 3.10; p < 0.01), asthma (OR = 3.27; p < 0.01) and nasal allergy (OR = 5.81; p < 0.01). Dry cough was associated with asthma (OR =5.18; p < 0.01) obesity (OR =1.88; p = 0.19), smoking (OR = 1.77; p = 1.44), nasal allergy (OR = 1.45; p = 0.26) and female gender (OR =1.36; p = 0.33). Age, gender, type of residence and obesity were not significantly associated with any type of cough (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early prevention and treatment of conditions associated with cough, as well as the modification of social factors commonly associated with cough, are needed in order to reduce respiratory morbidity.
Systematic review of nutrient intake and growth in children with multiple IgE-mediated food allergies.

BACKGROUND Food allergies affect up to 8% of American children. The current recommended treatment for food allergies is strict elimination of the allergens from the diet. Dietary elimination of nutrient-dense foods may result in inadequate nutrient intake and impaired growth. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze available research on the effect of an elimination diet on nutrient intake and growth in children with multiple food allergies. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted and a workgroup was established to critically analyze each relevant article. The findings were summarized and a conclusion was generated. RESULTS Six studies were analyzed. One study found that children with food allergies are more likely to be malnourished than children without food allergies. Three studies found that children with multiple food allergies were shorter than children with 1 food allergy. Four studies assessed nutrient intake of children with multiple food allergies, but the inclusion and comparison criteria were different in each of the studies and the findings were conflicting. One study found that children with food allergies who did not receive nutrition counseling were more likely to have inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. CONCLUSION Children with multiple food allergies have a higher risk of impaired growth and may have a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake than children without food allergies. Until more research is available, we recommend monitoring of nutrition and growth of children with multiple food allergies to prevent possible nutrient deficiencies and to optimize growth.
Understanding the Response Structure and Process in the Polytomous Rasch Model

Recent discussions with Guanzhong Luo helped in the articulation of the model for this Report. The research reported in this Report was supported in part by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant with the Australian National Ministerial Council on Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA) Performance Measurement and Reporting Task Force; UNESCO’s International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), and the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) as Industry Partners*. This Report has benefited from the many discussions over the years with many people on the implications of the reversals of Rasch thresholds in polytomous items.
Acoustic Modeling for Google Home

This paper describes the technical and system building advances made to the Google Home multichannel speech recognition sys-tem, which was launched in November 2016. Technical advances include an adaptive dereverberation frontend, the use of neural network models that do multichannel processing jointly with acoustic modeling, and Grid-LSTMs to model frequency variations. On the system level, improvements include adapting the model using Google Home speciﬁc data. We present results on a variety of multichannel sets. The combination of technical and system advances result in a reduction of WER of 8-28% relative compared to the current production system.
Chemistry and pharmacology of saponins: special focus on cytotoxic properties

Correspondence: Alexander weng institut fur Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany Tel +49 30 8445 3097 Fax +49 30 8445 4152 email alexander.weng@charite.de Abstract: Saponins are bioactive compounds produced mainly by plants but also by some marine organisms and insects. In the recent past, there has been unforeseen interest in the clinical utilization of saponins as chemotherapeutic agents. The research on saponins in various forms as a treatment for cancer has generated a lot of potential. The advent of nanotechnology and the cytotoxicity enhancing properties of saponins are some of the highlights of the current decade. This review gives an updated overview of the clinical potential that saponins hold as cytotoxic agents, and covers the literature for 1957–2011, with the main focus on research conducted in the last decade. It is conceivable that saponins hold a lot of therapeutic potential and could be a lead for identification of synthetic or semisynthetic molecules for the treatment of cancer via membrane-mediated or transport-mediated pathways.
Effect of Standardized Marketing Strategies on Export Performances of Turkish Jewellery Exporters

Objective of this study is to identify the role of standardization on the export performance of the companies in Jewellery industry in Turkey. In achieving this aim, positivist and deductive approach was used and exploratory type of examination was carried out. Whole population was targeted in this study and questionnaires were sent out to all 676 companies through emails. Nevertheless, only 450 questionnaires were returned. Among the received questionnaires 34 of them were eliminated since they were not fully filled by the respondents. Therefore, a total of 416 questionnaires were included in to the analysis. It was found in this study that standardization is not a good option in the case of Jewellery industry since all 4ps affects the export performance negatively. However, it was seen that promotion standardization can increase the export figures positively. In addition, it was also found out that despite having a negative effect on the export performance, pricing has a very small negative effect on the export performance compared to others. Therefore, in some cases pricing can be standardized in order to save cost and increase the performance. However, place subject was found as having the most negative effect on export performance. Therefore, it is not advice companies to standardize their distribution activities. Products should also be adopted in most cases in order to increase the performance in Jewellery industry. According to results, the best strategy can be combining standardization and adoption in exporting.
Roles of Relationships Between Large Shareholders and Managers in Radical Innovation: A Stewardship Theory Perspective

Radical innovation is critical for firms to enhance their competitiveness. Whether they can achieve it, however, depends on organizational factors, including the corporate governance of the firm. In emerging economies in which shareholder protection is weak, large shareholders are widely used as an efficient governance mechanism to reduce agency problems. The literature on agency theory contains conflicting arguments regarding the role of large shareholders in firm innovation performance and has underestimated the role of social relationships between large shareholders and managers in determining the firm's innovation performance. By applying a stewardship theory perspective, this article argues that the characteristics of the relationship between large shareholders (owners) and managers, manifested as trust and shared goals, may explain variations in a firm's radical innovation. Drawing on data from 174 Chinese firms with large shareholders, our results show that trust has an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm radical innovation, whereas shared goals exhibit a positive linear relationship with radical innovation. Shared goals further moderate the nonlinear effect of trust on radical innovation. Trust is almost negatively related to firm radical innovation when there is a low level of shared goals. However, when there is a high level of shared goals, the relationship between trust and firm radical innovation is first positive, then plateaus, and finally becomes negative. These findings advance our understanding of the role of the relationship between large shareholders and managers as a driver of radical innovation and contribute to the innovation literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the key factors that influence the effects of the social aspects of governance on firm radical innovation.
Effects of Traditional Advertising and Social Messages on Brand-Building Metrics and Customer Acquisition

This study examines the relative effectiveness of traditional advertising, impressions generated through firm-to-consumer (F2C) messages on Facebook, and the volume and valence of consumer-to-consumer (C2C) messages on Twitter and web forums for brand-building and customer acquisition efforts. The authors apply vector autoregressive modeling to a unique data set from a European telecom firm. This modeling approach allows them to consider the interrelations among traditional advertising, F2C impressions, and volume and valence of C2C social messages. The results show that traditional advertising is most effective for both brand building and customer acquisition. Impressions generated through F2C social messages complement traditional advertising efforts. Thus, thoroughly orchestrating traditional advertising and a firm's social media activities may improve a firm's performance with respect to building the brand and encouraging customer acquisition. Moreover, firms can stimulate the volume and valence of C2C messages through traditional advertising that in turn influences brand building and acquisition. These findings can help managers leverage the different types of messages more adequately.
Model Order Reduction for Multiband Quantum Transport Simulations and its Application to p-Type Junctionless Transistors

An efficient method is developed for multiband simulation of quantum transport in nanowire electronic devices within nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. The efficiency relies on a model order reduction technique, which projects the k · p Hamiltonian into a much smaller subspace constructed by sampling the Bloch modes of each cross-section layer. Several sampling approaches are discussed to obtain a minimum and accurate basis with reduced computational overhead. The technique is verified by calculating the valence bands of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and by solving I-V curves of p-type SiNW transistors. This enables us to study for the first time the performances of large cross-section p-type junctionless (JL) transistors in the quantum ballistic transport limit. The influences of doping density, transport direction, channel length, and cross-section size are examined. We find that larger doping densities may lead to worse sub-threshold slopes due to the enhanced source-to-drain tunneling. Compared with their counterparts, i.e., classical inversion-mode (IM) transistors, they have better sub-threshold behaviors, but they do not necessarily provide a better ON/OFF ratio except when the channel is short or thin. In addition, unlike IM transistors, [110] and [111] channel directions in JL transistors are very robust against channel thicknes scaling.
Anteseden dan Konsekuensi dari Kepuasan Pelanggan: Survei Kepuasan Pelanggan Barbershop di Yogyakarta

This study aims to identify the influence of perceive quality, price fairness, convenience, and customer satisfaction towards customer loyalty. This research is conducted to provide solution about the phenomenon of rapid growth of barbershop in Yogyakarta. This research is categorized as explanatory research, because it explains the causality relationship between observation variables. The number of samples are 200 respondents according to the requirement of sufficiency of sample in SEM test. Data retrieval is guided by using questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the perceive quality, price fairness, and convenience have a positive and significant impact towards customer satisfaction, then customer satisfaction has a positive and significant impact towards customer loyalty. This study provides the diversity of previous research because the observed variables and question items are adjusted to the research setting in Indonesia.
Numerical simulation of flow fields in large-scale segmented-type arc heaters

Turbulent plasma flow in large-scale arc heater such as NASA 60 MW Interaction Heating Facility was numerically investigated and the distribution of the arc-heated flow-field properties were successfully obtained. The turbulent flow-field was described by the ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes equations with a multitemperature model, tightly coupled with the electric field and the radiation-field calculations. In addition, an accurate and low-cost radiation model and a low-Reynolds number two-equation turbulence model were introduced into the flowfield simulation. It was quantitatively clarified that radiation and turbulence phenomena are very important mechanisms to transfer heat and momentum from high-temperature core region to cold gas region near the wall. To validate the present numerical model, the numerical solutions were compared with the experimental data, e.g., arc voltage, mass-averaged enthalpy, chamber pressure and heat efficiency. It was indicated that the present flow-field simulation model showed good agreement over various operating conditions of the facilities.
The “Fashionable Knowledge” of management consultancy in Portugal: a perspective analysis related to the research field of strategy-as-practice

The beginning of the century XXI has seen rapid and radical transformations in the consulting industry as the result of questioning the strategic diversification models undertaken by the so-called "top 5" [Arthur Andersen (now bankrupt), Deloitte & Touche, Ernst & Young, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC)]. However the reasons for the increase use of consultants and the explosion of this industry sector has not been accompanied by a number of academic studies that highlight the importance of the effective work of management consultants. From an empirical analysis in the form of interviews and semi-structured questionnaires with management consultants and SME managers in Portugal, this article aims to tackle the lack of studies in this emerging field by assessing the impact of management consulting at the level of work carried out in SMEs. The suggestions presented here illustrate a set of actions not related to what the consultants are doing, but regarding to what the consultants should do, looking for to empower management advisors with important information that will contribute to a better formulation of strategy to simultaneously contribute to the literature of the field of analysis of strategy-as-practice __________________________________________________________________________________________
Near-light perspective shape from shading for 3D visualizations in endoscopy systems

A near-light perspective shape from shading (SfS) technique applied to endoscopy for 3D visualizations of the gastrointestinal tract regions is presented. By utilizing an extensible reflectance model, we study a robust Huber regularization function based variational SfS model. A balancing parameter is used for weighting the irradiance ad smoothness/regularization terms. Experimental results on different endoscopy systems show that we obtain 3D visualizations without shrinkage and dilation artifacts on mucosa tissues associated with other SfS models from the past.
Long‐term potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission induced by activation of presynaptic P2Y receptors in the rat medial habenula nucleus

A novel form of long‐term potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission is described in the rat medial habenula nucleus. It occurs when uridine 5′‐triphosphate is bath applied at low micromolar concentrations and is prevented by Reactive Blue 2, suggesting that it is mediated by P2Y4 receptors. Uridine 5′‐diphosphate can also cause such a Reactive Blue 2‐sensitive potentiation, but at higher concentrations (200 µm), suggesting that this might also be an effect on the relatively uridine 5′‐diphosphate‐insensitive P2Y4 receptor. The potentiation is due to an increase in presynaptic release probability. It requires neither depolarization nor calcium influx postsynaptically and is thus probably non‐Hebbian. When potentiation due to low concentrations of uridine 5′‐triphosphate is inhibited in the presence of Reactive Blue 2, uridine 5′‐triphosphate causes instead a significant inhibition of glutamate release. We suggest that this inhibition may be mediated by a Reactive Blue 2‐insensitive P2Y2‐like receptor. At higher concentrations of uridine 5′‐triphosphate (200 µm), the inhibitory effect dominates such that even in the absence of Reactive Blue 2 no potentiation is seen.
Consumer Responses to Sales Promotion from the Perspective of Gift-giving: The Case of Unexpected Promotion

Sales promotion is a widely-used tool in marketing, and billions of dollars are spent every year to promote both products and services. Much research has been done on the effectiveness of different types of promotions. However, there is limited research on how consumers reciprocate when they are given deep discounts or unexpected promotional rewards. Consequently, this paper explored the effectiveness of promotional offers in a retail setting through the lens of reciprocity norm, appreciation, and indebtedness borrowed from the gift-giving literature in social psychology. The findings of three studies reveal that consumer appreciation and indebtedness facilitate different reciprocal responses (additional purchase likelihood, word of mouth, loyalty, and attitude towards store) in the context of discounts and rewards. Results also showed that situational factors such as staff helpfulness, purchase expectation, social presence, and promotion depth of certain promotion format significantly influence the likelihood of consumer purchase. Additionally, there are cultural differences in how consumers react towards certain promotion format.
Strategic use of the internet and e-business: the 'Celta' case at GM Brazil

The internet provides a global network infrastructure that is shifting business models, strategies and processes. Many authors reflect on the importance of incorporating e-business into the firm's global strategy. This paper deals with these issues in discussing the introduction of e-business activities by General Motors (GM) Brazil, specifically in connection with the launch of the Celta, an entry-level car designed to be sold on the internet. A historical examination of e-business strategy shows that many organisations have formulated excellent conceptual strategies for e-business but failed to deliver sound execution. A key to successful internet strategies is the leadership shown by senior management. Technological demands may also conflict with the successful implementation of e-business initiatives, requiring greater interaction between the CEO and the CIO. The importance of integration between employees on the business side and in Information Technology (IT) is highlighted in the context of GM Brazil's strategic objective of growing the market for lower-price cars.
Effects of calcium and phosphorus limitation on the nutritional ecophysiology of Daphnia

Declines in environmental calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations have occurred over the past 30 yrs in lakes across the Canadian Shield in southern Ontario, and these reductions appear to be placing strong constraints on populations of Daphnia in this region. Here, we report results from a factorial manipulation of Ca concentrations and food P content under controlled laboratory conditions where we measured resulting changes in daphnid elemental content, individual growth and survival, and life history traits related to population growth. We found significant effects of Ca‐ and P‐limitation on all variables measured; however, dietary P explained a majority of the variation in daphnid nutrient content and growth. Dietary effects of low P [high food carbon (C): P ratios] on individual Daphnia life‐history traits also translated into significant population level effects. Dietary P also explained relatively more experimental variation in population level responses than Ca concentrations. Experimental Ca concentrations most strongly altered daphnid survival partly due to the use of a lethally low Ca concentration in our experiment. Although recent work examining shifts in zooplankton communities in this region mainly focuses on the effects of Ca‐limitation, we show that Ca concentrations and food nutrient content, at levels commonly found on the Canadian Shield, are both likely to strongly alter Daphnia life‐history and populations dynamics. Our results underscore the need to more fully examine how multielemental limitation (e.g., Ca, N, P) affects consumer physiology and life‐history given the plausible translation of these effects on the community structure of lake zooplankton.