Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fault-Based Model of Fault Localization Techniques

OF DISSERTATION A FAULT-BASED MODEL OF FAULT LOCALIZATION TECHNIQUES Every day, ordinary people depend on software working properly. We take it for granted; from banking software, to railroad switching software, to flight control software, to software that controls medical devices such as pacemakers or even gas pumps, our lives are touched by software that we expect to work. It is well known that the main technique/activity used to ensure the quality of software is testing. Often it is the only quality assurance activity undertaken, making it that much more important. In a typical experiment studying these techniques, a researcher will intentionally seed a fault (intentionally breaking the functionality of some source code) with the hopes that the automated techniques under study will be able to identify the fault's location in the source code. These faults are picked arbitrarily; there is potential for bias in the selection of the faults. Previous researchers have established an ontology for understanding or expressing this bias called fault size. This research captures the fault size ontology in the form of a probabilistic model. The results of applying this model to measure fault size suggest that many faults generated through program mutation (the systematic replacement of source code operators to create faults) are very large and easily found. Secondary measures generated in the assessment of the model suggest a new static analysis method, called testability, for predicting the likelihood that code will contain a fault in the future. While software testing researchers are not statisticians, they nonetheless make extensive use of statistics in their experiments to assess fault localization techniques. Researchers often select their statistical techniques without justification. This is a very worrisome situation because it can lead to incorrect conclusions about the significance of research. This research introduces an algorithm, MeansTest, which helps automate some aspects of the selection of appropriate statistical techniques. The results of an evaluation of MeansTest suggest that MeansTest performs well relative to its peers. This research then surveys recent work in software testing using MeansTest to evaluate the significance of researchers' work. The results of the survey indicate that software testing researchers are underreporting the significance of their work.
The Routledge Course in Japanese Translation

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Why Translation? 1.2 About This Book 1.3 What Is Translation? 1.4 Translatability 1.5 Translation Direction 1.6 Translator Competence Chapter 2 Kinds of Meaning I 2.1 Propositional Meaning 2.1.1 Proper Nouns 2.1.2 Polysemy 2.1.3 Synonymy 2.1.4 Hyponymy 2.2 Presupposed Meaning 2.3 Expressive Meaning 2.4 Indexical Meaning 2.4.1 Indexicality 2.4.2 Phatic Communion 2.4.3 Register Chapter 3 Kinds of Meaning II 3.1 Symbolic Meaning 3.2 Allusive Meaning 3.3 Associative and Collocative Meaning 3.4 Textual Meaning 3.5 Figurative Meaning 3.5.1 Simile 3.5.2 Metaphor 3.5.3 Metonymy 3.6 Speech Acts 3.7 Ambiguity and Vagueness 3.7.1 Ambiguity 3.7.2 Vagueness Chapter 4 Discourse Genre 4.1 Narrative Discourse 4.1.1 General Characteristics 4.1.2 Tense and Aspect 4.1.3 Free Indirect Style 4.2 Procedural Discourse 4.3 Expository Discourse 4.4 Descriptive Discourse 4.5 Hortatory Discourse 4.6 Repartee Discourse 4.7 Reiss' Classification Chapter 5 Understanding the Source Text 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Reading as Constructing Meaning 5.3 Predicates and Arguments 5.4 Argument Recovery 5.4.1 Wa and Ga 5.4.2 Connectives 5.5 Noun Modification 5.5.1 Internally-Headed Relative Clause 5.5.2 Gapless Relative Clause 5.5.3 Multi-layered Relative Clause 5.6 Complex Sentences 5.7 Evidentiality and Egocentricity 5.7.1 Evidentiality 5.7.2 Egocentricity 5.8 Ambiguity Revisited Chapter 6 Translation Techniques 6.1 Vinay and Darbelnet's Categorization 6.1.1 Borrowing 6.1.2 Calque 6.1.3 Literal Translation 6.1.4 Transposition 6.1.5 Modulation 6.1.6 Equivalence 6.1. 7 Adaptation 6.2 Translation by Omission 6.3 Information Addition/Deletion & Offsetting the Loss 6.4 Contrustive Rhetoric 6.4.1 Text Organization 6.4.2 Paragraph 6.4.3 Verbiage 6.1.4 Phaticism Chapter 7 Translation Studies 7.1 Premodern Translation Theories 7.2 Mid-Twentieth Century Translation Theories 7.3 Skopos Theory 7.4 The Negative Analytic 7.4.1 Rationalization 7.4.2 Clarification 7.4.3 Expansion 7.4.4 Ennoblement 7.4.5 The Destruction of Vernacular Networks or Their Exoticization 7.5 Recent Approaches 7.5.1 Cultural Communication 7.4.2 Formation of Cultural Identity Chapter 8 Translation Projects 8.1 The Translation Situation 8.1.1 The Initiator and His/Her Skopos 8.1.2 The Author, His/Her Skopos, and the Spatiotemporal Location 8.1.3 Audiences 8.1.4 Other Factors 8.1.5 Case Study 8.2 Reading the Source Text 8.3 Research 8.4 Writing and Revising the Target Text 8.5 Working as a Team 8.6 Translation Evaluation 8.6.1 Evaluation Criteria 8.6.2 ATA Certification Program 8.7 Concluding Remarks Appendix A Romanization Appendix B ATA Certification Program Error Marking Sheet Appendix C ATA Flowchart for Error Point Decisions Appendix D Answer Key References Index
Typological Changes in the Lexicon: Analytic Tendencies in English Noun Formation

The book takes a new look at the typological change of English from a synthetic towards an analytic language, focusing on the lexical domain. It presents empirical data that document a considerable decline in the use of synthetic structures in the history of English noun formation and relates them to other typological changes in English morphology, showing the global structural reorganization of the language.
UNDERSTANDING PURPOSE AND CIRCUMSTANTIAL CONTEXT IN THE USE OF EDUCATIONAL GAMES : Designing a Search Function and Updating a Metadata Model

As the amount of educational games on the market increases it becomes daunting task for pedagogues to find the most relevant and effective educational games for their teaching activities. In 2012 a metadata model was suggested to streamline descriptions of educational games for a database. This thesis identifies the need for an advanced search function which takes into consideration the notions of purpose and contextual circumstance of using educational games in order for such a database to be of greater usefulness for users. This thesis presents a design of such a search function, based on the theories of Purushotma (2005), Pannese and Carlesi (2007), Charsky (2010) and Reinders and Wattana (2011). Furthermore this thesis provides an updated metadata model to support such a search function. In the future the search function could be polished from a usability perspective and further developed to incorporate other types of serious games.
Combining heterogeneous sources of data for the reverse-engineering of gene regulatory networks

Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) represent how genes interact in various cellular processes by describing how the expression level, or activity, of genes can affect the expression of the other genes. Reverseengineering GRN models can help biologists understand and gain insight into genetic conditions and diseases. Recently, the increasingly widespread use of DNA microarrays, a high-throughput technology that allows the expression of thousands of genes to be measured simultaneously in biological experiments, has led to many datasets of gene expression measurements becoming publicly available and a subsequent explosion of research in the reverse-engineering of GRN models. However, microarray technology has a number of limitations as a data source for the modelling of GRNs, due to concerns over its reliability and the reproducibility of experimental results. The underlying theme of the research presented in this thesis is the incorporation of multiple sources and different types of data into techniques for reverse-engineering or learning GRNs from data. By drawing on many data sources, the resulting network models should be more robust, accurate and reliable than models that have been learnt using a single data source. This is achieved by focusing on two main strands of research. First, the thesis presents some of the earliest work in the incorporation of prior knowledge that has been generated from a large body of scientific papers, for Bayesian network based GRN models. Second, novel methods for the use of multiple microarray datasets to produce Bayesian network based GRN models are introduced. Empirical evaluations are used to show that the incorporation of literature-based prior knowledge and combining multiple microarray datasets can provide an improvement, when compared to the use of a single microarray dataset, for the reverse-engineering of Bayesian network based GRN models.
2-Aminopyridinium 2-methoxycarbonyl-4,6-dinitrophenolate

In the title molecular salt, C5H7N2 +·C8H5N2O7 −, the 2-aminopyridinium cation is essentially planar, with a maximium deviation of 0.015 (1) Å, while the 2-methoxycarbonyl-4,6-dinitrophenolate anion is slightly twisted away from planarity, with a maximium deviation of 0.187 (1) Å. Deprotonation of the hydroxy O atom was observed. The cation and anion are connected by four bifurcated N—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, forming a molecular proton-transfer adduct. The dihedral angle between the pyridinium ring in the cation and the benzene ring in the anion is 3.65 (6)°. Every adduct connects to six neighboring adducts by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, yielding extended layers parallel to the bc plane. There is a weak π–π interaction between the benzene rings of two neighboring anions; the interplanar spacing and the centroid–centroid separation are 3.309 (1) and 3.69 (1) Å, respectively.
Action, time, and uncertainty: two types of temporal uncertainty in cognitive motor control

Time is a fundamental dimension of cognition and motor control. Preparation for imperative events, choosing the appropriate time to act if there are no external triggers, or deciding between action alternatives if their outcome depends on accurate timing, requires accurate estimates of time. Typically, the accuracy of such estimates is limited and we experience temporal uncertainty. I here distinguish between two types of temporal uncertainty: (a) external temporal uncertainty (ETU), which arises when the timing of imperative events is variable and (b) internal temporal uncertainty (ITU), arises as a consequence of “noisy” internal clocks. I present behavioural and neurophysiological studies on the effects of ETU and ITU on human cognitive motor control. A series of experiments first addressed how participants prepare for action in the face of ETU and ITU. Second, I explored the interaction between ETU, ITU, and uncertainty about the type of motor response (event uncertainty). Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), two experiments probed the neurophysiology of preparation for action under condition of ETU. One experiment aimed at offering a functional account of changes in cortico-spinal excitability (CSE), a measure of motor preparation, prior to imperative events by manipulating ETU. In a second experiment I then further explored the functional role of GABAA and GABAB receptor-dependent intracortical inhibitory circuits for action preparation using paired-pulse TMS protocols. Two final studies explored the effects of ETU and ITU on two classic areas in human information-processing: first, the ability to estimate and respond to ETU and ITU on a reward-based decision making task, and second whether multiple cues, informative about the correct time for action, increase precision in action timing through cue integration (thus reducing ITU). Results reveal that ETU and ITU are two qualitatively different types of constraint on action. They differ in their effects on action preparation and their interactions with event uncertainty. In choice situations, participants estimate ITU accurately but are biased regarding ETU. When there are multiple cues informative about action timing, participants use the most informative cue only. There are thus important differences between how people respond to temporal uncertainty arising from the external world and temporal uncertainty intrinsic to the generative processes within the action.
Addressing real-time control problems in complex environments using dynamic multi-objective evolutionary approaches

The demand for increased automation of industrial processes generates control problems that are dynamic, multi-objective and noisy at the same time. The primary hypothesis underlying this research is that dynamic evolutionary methods could be used to address dynamic control problems where conflicting control criteria are necessary. The aim of this research is to develop a framework for on-line optimisation of dynamic problems that is capable of a) representing problems in a quantitative way, b) identifying optimal solutions using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and c) automatically selecting an optimal solution among alternatives. A literature review identifies key problems in the area of dynamic multi-objective optimisation, discusses the on-line decision making aspect, analyses existing MultiObjective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) applications and identifies research gap. Dynamic evolutionary multi-objective search and on-line a posteriori decision maker are integrated into an evolutionary multi-objective controller that uses an internal process model to evaluate the fitness of solutions. Using a benchmark multi-objective optimisation problem, the MOEA ability to track the moving optima is examined with different parameter values, namely, length of pre-execution, frequency of change, length of prediction interval and static mutation rate. A dynamic MOEA with restricted elitism is suggested for noisy environments.
Pengembangan Soal Matematika Model PISA Untuk Mengetahui Argumentasi Siswa Di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menghasilkan soal matematika model PISA untuk mengetahui argumentasi siswa di sekolah menengah pertama yang valid dan praktis. (2) Mengetahui efek potensial soal matematika model PISA terhadap argumentasi siswa di sekolah menengah pertama. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada semester genap tahun akademik 2011/2012. Subjek penelitian siswa SMP N 45 Palembang kelas IX.2 berjumlah 35 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalahÂ development research. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan (1) Telah dihasilkan prototipe perangkat soal matematika model PISA untuk mengetahui argumentasi siswa sebanyak 12 butir soal yang berbentuk uraian non objektif (open construct respose). (2) Prototipe perangkat soal matematika model PISA untuk mengetahui argumentasi siswa yang dihasilkan memiliki efek potensial terhadap argumentasi siswa. Kata kunci: Development Research, Soal-soal PISA, Argumentasi siswa Â DOI: http://dx.doi. org/ 10.22342/jpm.9. 2.2429. 124 - 147
The Graphic Syllabus and the Outcomes Map: Communicating Your Course

About the Author. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 The Limits of a Text Syllabus. 2 How and Why Graphics Enhance Learning. 3 Designing a Graphic Syllabus. 4 Charting an Outcomes Map. 5 How Graphics Benefit Course Organization. Appendix A. More Model Graphic Syllabi for Inspiration. Appendix B. Computer Software for Graphic Syllabi and Outcomes Maps. Bibliography. Index.
Coding for MIMO Communication Systems

Coding for MIMO Communication Systems is a comprehensive introduction and overview to the various emerging coding techniques developed for MIMO communication systems. The basics of wireless communications and fundamental issues of MIMO channel capacity are introduced and the space-time block and trellis coding techniques are covered in detail. Other signaling schemes for MIMO channels are also considered, including spatial multiplexing, concatenated coding and iterative decoding for MIMO systems, and space-time coding for non-coherent MIMO channels. Practical issues including channel correlation, channel estimation and antenna selection are also explored, with problems at the end of each chapter to clarify many important topics. A comprehensive book on coding for MIMO techniques covering main strategies Theories and practical issues on MIMO communications are examined in detail Easy to follow and accessible for both beginners and experienced practitioners in the field References at the end of each chapter for further reading Can be used with ease as a research book, or a textbook on a graduate or advanced undergraduate level course This book is aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners in industry, as well as individuals working for government, military, science and technology institutions who would like to learn more about coding for MIMO communication systems.
Creativity and unpredictability

Devotees of the humanities expect to be surprised. An arresting metaphor or poetic image, an unpredicted twist of the plot, a novel style of music, painting, or dance.all these unexpected things amaze and delight us. Scientists, too, appreciate the shock of a new idea--the double helix, the jumping gene, or the benzene-ring. Indeed, unpredictability is often said to be the essence of creativity. But unpredictability is not enough. At the heart of creativity lie constraints: the very opposite of unpredictability. Constraints and unpredictability, familiarity and surprise, are somehow combined in original thinking.
Asymptotically warped anti-de Sitter spacetimes in topologically massive gravity

Marc Henneaux, Cristián Mart́ınez, Ricardo Troncoso Centro de Estudios Cient́ıficos (CECs), Casilla 1469, Valdivia, and Physique théorique et mathématique and International Solvay Institutes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine C.P.231, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. Abstract Asymptotically warped AdS spacetimes in topologically massive gravity with negative cosmological constant are considered in the case of spacelike stretched warping, where black holes have been shown to exist. We provide a set of asymptotic conditions that accommodate solutions in which the local degree of freedom (the “massive graviton”) is switched on. An exact solution with this property is explicitly exhibited and possesses a slower fall-off than the warped AdS black hole. The boundary conditions are invariant under the semidirect product of the Virasoro algebra with a u(1) current algebra. We show that the canonical generators are integrable and finite. When the graviton is not excited, our analysis is compared and contrasted with earlier results obtained through the covariant approach to conserved charges. In particular, we find agreement with the conserved charges of the warped AdS black holes as well as with the central charges in the algebra.
Situated literacies : reading and writing in context

Situated Literacies is a rich and varied collection of key writings from leading international scholars in the field of literacy. Each contribution, written in a clear, accessible style, makes the link between literacies in specific contexts and broader social practices. Detailed ethnographic studies of a wide variety of specific situations, all involving real texts and lived practices, are balanced with general claims about the nature of literacy. Contributors address a coherent set of issues: * the visual and material aspects of literacy * concepts of time and space in relation to literacy * the functions of literacies in shaping and sustaining identities in communities of practice * the relationship between texts and the practices associated with their use the role of discourse analysis on literacy studies These studies, along with a foreword by Denny Taylor, make a timely and important contribution to literacy theory and suggest directions for the further development of the field. Situated Literacies is essential reading for anyone involved in literary education.
Can Plot Improve Pedagogy? Novel Textbooks Give It a Try.

Here to counter the ho-hum nature of textbook writing are a growing cadre of professors willing to try their hand at something more novel. Imaginary characters are creeping into cryptology textbooks. Economists are writing fables about free trade. Even subatomic particles are enjoying their moment in the fictive sun, starring in stories about -what else? -sex and death. Oh, yes, and basic principles of physics, like atom formation, too:
Chemistry : principles and reactions

Discover all of the fundamental topics of general chemistry in the latest edition of this brief, cost-effective, reader- oriented text. Masterton/Hurley's CHEMISTRY: PRINCIPLES AND REACTIONS, 6e, provides a clear, concise presentation based on the authors' more than 50 years of combined teaching experience. This edition takes you directly to the crux of concepts with simplicity and allows you to efficiently cover all topics found in the typical general chemistry book. New and proven concept-driven examples as well as examples that focus on molecular reasoning and understanding provide important practice. New "Chemistry: Beyond the Classroom" essays by guest authors demonstrate the relevance of the concepts you are learning and highlight some of the most up-to-date uses of chemistry. A strong, enhanced art program further assists you in visualizing chemical concepts. For the first time, this edition fully integrates OWL (Online Web-based Learning), the homework management system trusted by tens of thousands of students. Integrated end-of-chapter questions and Key Concepts correlate to OWL. An optional e-book of this edition is also available in OWL. To further assist in learning and depth of coverage, the book offers CengageNOW, a Web-based student self- tutorial program. In addition, Go Chemistry learning modules developed by award-winning chemists offer mini- lectures and learning tools available for video iPods, MP3 players, and iTunes or CengageNOW to accommodate students like you who are on the go. "
Modal Linear Logic in Higher Order Logic, an experiment in Coq

The sequent calculus of classical modal linear logic KDT4lin is coded in the higher order logic using the proof assistant COQ. The encoding has been done using two-level meta reasoning in Coq. KDT4lin has been encoded as an object logic by inductively defining the set of modal linear logic formulas, the sequent relation on lists of these formulas, and some lemmas to work with lists.This modal linear logic has been argued to be a good candidate for epistemic applications. As examples some epistemic problems have been coded and proven in our encoding in Coq: :the problem of logical omniscience and an epistemic puzzle: ’King, three wise men and five hats’
Developing semantic pathway comparison methods for systems biology

Systems biology is an emerging multi-disciplinary field in which the behaviour of complex biological systems is studied by considering the interaction of many cellular and molecular constituents rather than using a “traditional” reductionist approach where constituents are studied individually. Systems are often studied over time with the ultimate goal of developing models which can be used to understand and predict complex biological processes, such as human diseases. To support systems biology, a large number of biological pathways are being derived for many different organisms, and these are stored in various databases. This pathway collection presents an opportunity to compare and contrast pathways, and to utilise the knowledge they represent. This thesis presents some of the first algorithms that are designed to explore this opportunity. It is argued that the methods will be useful to biologists in order to assess the biological plausibility of derived pathways, compare different biological pathways for semantic similarities, and to derive putative pathways that are semantically similar to documented biological pathways. The methods will therefore extend the systems biology toolbox that biologists can use to make new biological discoveries.