Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The development and validation of a diabetes risk score for high-risk Thai adults.

OBJECTIVE To develop a simple risk score to identify high-risk individuals for diabetes screening in Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD The authors analyzed data from 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests performed in 159 males and 270 females, aged 48.4 +/- 10.9 years. RESULTS The independent variables associated with diabetes included age (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.01) and known history of hypertension (HHT) (p < 0.01). The risk equation was Y = 3 age + 5 BMI + 50 HHT. At the cut-off Y value of 240, the sensitivity and specificity for having diabetes were 96.8% and 24.0%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 17.8% and the negative predictive value was 97.8%. Using the equation in a validation group comprising 1617 subjects, it was found that 560 (34.6%) diabetes screenings could be saved while 28 subjects (12.8%) with diabetes would be missed. CONCLUSION The authors have developed a simple risk scoring method that should be helpful in decreasing the number of unnecessary screening and optimizing the costs associated with diabetes screening.
Impact of ethnicity on the incidence of high-risk endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of race/ethnicity on histology in endometrial cancer. METHODS California Cancer Registry data on 11,674 white and 423 black women with endometrial cancer registered from 1988 to 1992 were used to compare the average annual age-adjusted incidence rate/100,000 women of low-risk (grades 1 and 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma) and high-risk (grade >2 endometrioid carcinomas, papillary serous, clear cell, and adenosquamous histologies) lesions in black and white women. RESULTS Of the white patients, 9059 (78%) had low-risk and 2615 (22%) had high-risk lesions. Of the black patients, 236 (56%) had low-risk and 187 (44%) had high-risk lesions. The overall average annual age-adjusted incidence of endometrial cancer in white women is 20.1/100,000 and for black women is 9.4/100,000; however, the incidence of low-risk tumors is 15.9/100,000 in white women and only 5.3/100,000 in black women. The incidence of high-risk disease is identical in black and white women (4.2/100,000). CONCLUSIONS Black women in the general population have the same likelihood as white women of developing high-risk endometrial cancer. Black women have a significantly lower incidence of low-risk tumors compared to white women. The increased incidence of low-grade lesions in white women may be due to differences in socioeconomic factors or other factors yet to be identified.
Sphygmomanometry-Evoked Allodynia—A Simple Bedside Test Indicative of Fibromyalgia: A Multicenter Developmental Study

Background:One of the 2 classification criteria for fibromyalgia (FM) is the presence of tender points on specific anatomic sites. It has been established that these tender points reflect a state of generalized allodynia (defined as pain resulting from a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain). Patients with FM often describe pain elicitation during blood pressure testing (sphygmomanometry). Objective:The objective of this study was to define if a universally used clinical test, sphygmomanometry, is helpful in the identification of patients with FM. Methods:The authors conducted a prospective multicenter study in 3 different public rheumatology outpatient services. Each center studied 20 patients with FM, 20 with rheumatoid arthritis, 20 with osteoarthritis, and 20 healthy individuals. The following question was asked of each participant: “When I take your blood pressure, tell me if the cuff’s pressure brings forth pain. ” The blood pressure cuff was inflated at an approximate rate of 10 mm Hg per second up to 180 mm Hg or to the point when pain was elicited. Results:Sixty-nine percent of patients with FM had sphygmomanometry-evoked allodynia in contrast to 10% of patients with osteoarthritis, 5% with rheumatoid arthritis, and 2% of healthy individuals (P < 0.001). The mean blood pressure value at which allodynia was elicited was lower in patients with FM (143 ± 40 mm Hg) when compared with the other 3 groups (176 ± 11 mm Hg) or higher (P < 0.001). In patients with FM, there was a significant negative correlation between the blood pressure value at which allodynia developed and total Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score, number of tender points, and the FIQ visual analog scales for pain intensity and fatigue (P < 0.05). The test yields a diagnostic sensitivity for FM of 0.7, specificity 0.96, positive predictive value 0.86, and negative predictive value 0.91. Conclusions:In this developmental study of patients attending rheumatology clinics, the generation of pain during blood pressure testing was strongly associated with the diagnosis of FM. This robust linkage probably reflects a tautologic phenomenon. A sine qua nonelement for FM diagnosis is the presence of tender points in discrete anatomic sites. These tender points in turn reflect a state of generalized mechanical allodynia that can be locally elicited by the cuff pressure during blood pressure testing. Sphygmomanometry is a simple bedside test that may be useful in the recognition of patients with FM. Blood pressure testing is a universal procedure in all clinical environments. Based on our results, we suggest searching for FM features in any person who has sphygmomanometry-evoked allodynia.
Simulation of Body Surface Laplacian Maps during Ventricular Pacing in a 3D Inhomogeneous Heart-Torso Model

Abstract: A computer simulation study has been conducted to investigate the performance of body surface Laplacian maps (BSLMs) in localizing and imaging spatially separated myocardial electrical events. A cellular automaton model of ventricles simulates cardiac electrical activity using a two-site pacing protocol to induce dual simultaneously active myocardial electrical events. The heart model is embedded in a realistically shaped inhomogeneous volume conductor. The BSLMs are numerically computed from the induced electrical activity in the heart model. The present computer simulation results show that the BSLM can provide better separation and localization of two regional myocardial electrical events as compared with the body surface potential map (BSPM).
Pregnancy and Labor in Tanzanian Primigravidae Aged 15 Years and Under

The outcome of pregnancy and labor in 259 Tanzanian primigravidae 15 years and under is compared with that of 377 primigravidae between the ages of 21 and 25. The risk of antenatal complications, such as anemia, and premature labor and low birth weight babies was much higher in the younger age group. There was no difference in the incidence of preeclampsia or complications during labor between the two groups. The younger women had a lower perinatal mortality rate than the controls.
Cylindrical Omnidirectional Slotted Waveguide Antenna with optimized directional characteristics

Antennas, nowadays, are used in many systems especially in wireless internet communications and military Radar applications where high power handling capability, high gain along with reliable mechanical characteristics is needed. However, these parameters are very hard to simultaneously optimize, there is always a trade-off in between. In this paper, a Cylindrical Omnidirectional Slotted Waveguide Antenna (COSWA) is presented. The purpose of this paper is to provide an optimized version of circular slotted waveguide antennas by simply selecting the optimum position, number, shape and size of the slots within the waveguide wall. Such configurations are suitable to be used in Wireless internet distributing systems, Military radar applications and even oil drilling devices. Simulation results along with Experimental validations will be conducted at 2.4 GHz frequency demonstrating high effectiveness in terms of directivity and high gain given a reduced cost, simplicity and size.
Provisional Selves: Experimenting with Image and Identity in Professional Adaptation

This article describes how people adapt to new roles by experimenting with provisional selves that serve as trials for possible but not yet fully elaborated professional identities. Qualitative data collected from professionals in transition to more senior roles reveal that adaptation involves three basic tasks: (1) observing role models to identify potential identities, (2) experimenting with provisional selves, and (3) evaluating experiments against internal standards and external feedback. Choices within tasks are guided by an evolving repertory that includes images about the kind of professional one might become and the styles, skills, attitudes, and routines available to the person for constructing those identities. A conceptual framework is proposed in which individual and situational factors influence adaptation behaviors indirectly by shaping the repertory of possibilities that guides self-construction.
Generalized Picard-Vessiot extensions and differential

In [16] it was proved that if a differential field (K, δ) is algebraically closed and closed under Picard-Vessiot extensions then every differetial algebraic PHS over K for a linear differential algebraic group G over K has a K-rational point (in fact if and only if). This paper explores whether and if so, how, this can be extended to (a) several derivations, (b) one automorphism. Under a natural notion of “generalized Picard-Vessiot extension” (in the case of several derivations), we give a counterexample. We also have a counterexample in the case of one automorphism. We also formulate and prove some positive statements in the case of several derivations.
Analysis of the rotational position of the maxillary first permanent molar in normal occlusion and Class II, division 1 malocclusion

OBJETIVO: comparar a posicao rotacional do primeiro molar permanente superior entre a oclusao normal e a ma oclusao de Classe II, Divisao 1, de Angle. METODOS: a amostra de oclusao normal consistiu de 60 pares de modelos de pacientes com media de idade de 15,1 anos, denominada Grupo 1. A amostra de Classe II, Divisao 1, consistiu de 120 pares de modelos de gesso de pacientes nao tratados, com media de idade de 15,5 anos, denominada Grupo 2. Os modelos superiores foram escaneados e a posicao dos molares superiores foi avaliada por tres medidas angulares e uma linear, denominadas indicadores 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. A rotacao mesiopalatina dos primeiros molares superiores era evidenciada pelo aumento dos valores dos indicadores 1 e 4 e diminuicao dos valores dos indicadores 2 e 3. A comparacao entre os grupos foi realizada pelo teste t de Student nas medidas de distribuicao normal e Mann-Whitney para distribuicao anormal com intervalos de confianca de 95%. RESULTADOS: diferencas estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas entre os grupos 1 e 2, para todos os indicadores dos lados direito e esquerdo. CONCLUSAO: concluiu-se que a ma oclusao de Classe II Divisao 1 apresenta maior rotacao mesiopalatina dos primeiros molares superiores.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series

Several researchers have recently documented a large reduction in output volatility. In contrast, this paper examines whether output has become more predictable. Using forecasts from the Federal Reserve Greenbooks, I find the evidence is somewhat mixed. Output seems to have become more predictable at short horizons, but not necessarily at longer horizons. The reduction in unpredictability is much less than the reduction in volatility. Associated with this, recent forecasts had little predictive power. JEL classification: E37
Variable Switching Frequency PWM for Three-Phase Converters Based on Current Ripple Prediction

Compared with the widely used constant switching frequency pulse-width-modulation (PWM) method, variable switching frequency PWM can benefit more because of the extra freedom. Based on the analytical expression of current ripple of three-phase converters, variable switching frequency control methods are proposed to satisfy different ripple requirements. Switching cycle $T_{s}$ is updated in DSP in every interruption period based on the ripple requirement. Two methods are discussed in this paper. The first method is designed to arrange the current ripple peak value within a certain value and can reduce the equivalent switching frequency and electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise; the second method is designed to keep ripple current RMS value constant and reduce the EMI noise. Simulation and experimental results show that variable switching frequency control could improve the performance of EMI and efficiency without impairing the power quality.
Transient analysis of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

The transient response of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) pumped at 1.48 /spl mu/m, taking into account the gain-saturation effects due to the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), is studied theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical model is used to predict the gain saturation and recovery times of an EDFA and its effects to the amplification of optical pulses. <<ETX>>
Lateralised semantic and indirect semantic priming effects in people with schizophrenia

Background In schizophrenia, disturbances in the development of physiological hemisphere asymmetry are assumed to play a pathogenetic role. The most striking difference between hemispheres is in language processing. The left hemisphere is superior in the use of syntactic or semantic information, whereas the right hemisphere uses contextual information more effectively. Method Using psycholinguistic experimental techniques, semantic associations were examined in 38 control subjects, 24 non-thought-disordered and 16 thought-disordered people with schizophrenia, for both hemispheres separately. Results Direct semantic priming did not differ between the hemispheres in any of the groups. Only thought-disordered people showed significant indirect semantic priming in the left hemisphere. Conclusions The results support: (a) a prominent role of the right hemisphere for remote associations; (b) enhanced spreading of semantic associations in thought-disordered subjects; and (c) disorganisation of the functional asymmetry of semantic processing in thought-disordered subjects.
Regulation of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in a pyrD knockout mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

In research to date, regulation of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway at the level of gene expression has not been shown for wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No repression was observed when uracil was added to the growth medium nor was any derepression seen when Pyr– auxotrophs were limited for pyrimidines. Here we show that the addition of uracil to Pseudomonas minimal medium influenced the synthesis of pyrimidine enzymes, while starvation of a pyrimidine knockout mutant (pyrD) elicited derepression of the pyrimidine enzymes. Moreover, the inclusion of orotate in the growth medium induced the synthesis of dihydroorotase in both wild type and mutant. These results suggest that the pyrimidine pathway in P. aeruginosa is regulated at the level of enzyme synthesis in a manner similar to a number of other Pseudomonas species. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The only active mutant of thymidylate synthase D169, a residue far from the site of methyl transfer, demonstrates the exquisite nature of enzyme specificity.

Cysteine is the only variant of D169, a cofactor-binding residue in thymidylate synthase, that shows in vivo activity. The 2.4 A crystal structure of Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase D169C in a complex with dUMP and the antifolate CB3717 shows it to be an asymmetric dimer, with only one active site covalently bonded to dUMP. At the active site with covalently bound substrate, C169 S gamma adopts the roles of both carboxyl oxygens of D169, making a 3.6 A S.H[bond]N hydrogen bond to 3-NH of CB3717 and a 3.4 A water-mediated hydrogen bond to H212. Analogous hydrogen bonds formed during the enzyme reaction are important for cofactor binding and are postulated to contribute to catalysis. The C169 side chain is likely to be ionized, making it a better hydrogen bond acceptor than a neutral sulfhydryl group. At the second active site, C169 S gamma makes a shorter (3 A) hydrogen bond to the 3-NH of CB3717, CB3717 is approximately 1.5 A out of its binding site and there is no covalent bond between dUMP and the catalytic cysteine. Changes to partitioning among productive and non-productive conformations of reaction intermediates may contribute as much, if not more, to the diminished activity of this mutant than reduced stabilization of transition states.
Construction of Health Preferences: A Comparison of Direct Value Assessment and Personal Narratives

Background. Most terminally ill patients prefer to die at home rather than at an institution. However, patients are often insufficiently aware of the downsides of staying at home, which signals a need for effective decision aids. Objectives. The main purpose of the present study was to compare indirect methods of value elicitation (personal narratives [``stories''] in text or video) with a direct method (assessment of the subjective importance of each attribute). Methods . The authors asked 183 participants to evaluate 3 possible places to die: home, hospice, and nursing home. The participants received 1 of 3 value elicitation methods. The main dependent variable was participants' evaluations of the choice options before and after value elicitation, measured on a 100-point scale. Results . A shift occurred between pre- and posttest, F(4, 342) = 4.11, P = 0.003, only with the indirect methods. When text and videos were used, participants became more positive about a hospice (text: 41.9 to 49.1; video: 52.9 to 60.3). In the video condition, participants also became more positive about a nursing home (from 20.9 to 24.9). Conclusion . Stories have more impact in shaping people's preferences than merely asking for an assessment of attribute importance. The most straightforward explanation for this effect is that stories, particularly when presented in video, provide a better image of potential consequences.
The Magnetoelectric Dipole—A Wideband Antenna for Base Stations in Mobile Communications

In this paper, stringent requirements imposed on the design of base station antennas for mobile communications are summarized. Conventional techniques for implementing base station antennas are reviewed. The complementary antenna concept of combining an electric dipole with a magnetic dipole is reconsidered. Recently, this kind of antenna has been commonly called a “Huygen's source. ” The purpose is to develop wideband unidirectional antennas with stable frequency characteristics and low back radiation. Based on this concept, the magnetoelectric dipole was invented by integrating an electric dipole with an -probe fed shorted quarter-wave patch antenna. A number of magnetoelectric dipoles with different radiation patterns and different polarizations have been developed in recent years. An overview of the characteristics of this new class of complementary antennas is presented. Major design challenges are explained. Finally, a new magnetoelectric dipole that is low in profile and robust in structure is presented. The magnetic dipole part of this antenna is realized by a triangular-shaped loop antenna. The antenna is inherently direct current (dc) grounded, which satisfies the requirement for outdoor applications.
ABH and Related Histo‐Blood Group Antigens; Immunochemical Differences in Carrier Isotypes and Their Distribution 1

Abstract. This review summarizes present knowledge of the chemistry of histo‐blood group ABH and related antigens. Recent advances in analytical carbohydrate chemistry (particularly mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy) and the introduction of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have made it possible to distinguish structural variants of histo‐blood group ABH antigens. Polymorphism of ABH antigens is induced by: (i) variations in peripheral core structure, of which four (type 1, 2, 3 and 4) are known in man; (ii) variation in inner core by branching process (blood group iI), leading to variation of unbranched vs. branched ABH determinants; (iii) biosynthetic interaction with other glycosyltransferases (Lewis, P. T/Tn blood systems) capable of acting on the same substrate as the ABH‐defined transferases, and finally (iv) the nature of the glycoconjugate (glycolipid, glycoprotein of N‐ or O‐linked type). ABH variants induced by item (i) above have been clearly distinguished qualitatively by MoAbs; e.g., at least six types of A determinants can be distinguished by qualitatively different classes of antibody. The variants induced by item (ii) create mono‐ vs. bivalent antigens which may be responsible for observed differences in antibody‐binding affinity.
Evidence of Root Zone Hypoxia in Brassica rapa L. Grown in Microgravity

A series of experiments was conducted aboard the U.S. space shuttle and the Mir space station to evaluate microgravity‐induced root zone hypoxia in rapid‐cycling Brassica (Brassica rapa L.), using both root and foliar indicators of low‐oxygen stress to the root zone. Root systems from two groups of plants 15 and 30 d after planting, grown in a phenolic foam nutrient delivery system on the shuttle (STS‐87), were harvested and fixed for microscopy or frozen for enzyme assays immediately postflight or following a ground‐based control. Activities of fermentative enzymes were measured as indicators of root zone hypoxia and metabolism. Following 16 d of microgravity, ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) activity was increased in the spaceflight roots 47% and 475% in the 15‐d‐old and 30‐d‐old plants, respectively, relative to the ground control. Cytochemical localization showed ADH activity in only the root tips of the space‐grown plants. Shoots from plants that were grown from seed in flight in a particulate medium on the Mir station were harvested at 13 d after planting and quick‐frozen and stored in flight in a gaseous nitrogen freezer or chemically fixed in flight for subsequent microscopy. When compared to material from a high‐fidelity ground control, concentrations of shoot sucrose and total soluble carbohydrate were significantly greater in the spaceflight treatment according to enzymatic carbohydrate analysis. Stereological analysis of micrographs of sections from leaf and cotyledon tissue fixed in flight and compared with ground controls indicated no changes in the volume of protoplast, cell wall, and intercellular space in parenchyma cells. Within the protoplasm, the volume occupied by starch was threefold higher in the spaceflight than in the ground control, with a concomitant decrease in vacuolar volume in the spaceflight treatment. Both induction of fermentative enzyme activity in roots and accumulation of carbohydrates in foliage have been repeatedly shown to occur in response to root zone oxygen deprivation. These results indicate that root zone hypoxia is a persistent challenge in spaceflight plant growth experiments and may be caused by microgravity‐induced changes in fluid and gas distribution.
A novel coding strategy for GA-based numerical optimization

The existing coding strategies for GA-based numerical optimization have their respective benefits. Based on the analysis upon them, and combining their characteristics, a novel strategy named the floating-point binary code is proposed. The strategy covers the representation as well as corresponding operators. The experiments show that the performance of the implementations adopting the proposed strategy were better than those employing either the real coding or the binary coding strategies for given problems.