Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functionality and Cell Anchorage Dependence of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene A179L, a Viralbcl-2 Homolog, in Insect Cells

ABSTRACT The African swine fever virus gene A179L has been shown to be a functional member of the ced9/bcl-2 family of apoptosis inhibitors in mammalian cell lines. In this work we have expressed the A179L gene product (p21) under the control of the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter using a baculovirus system. Expression of the A179L gene neither altered the baculovirus replication phenotype nor delayed the shutoff of cellular protein synthesis, but it extended the survival of the infected insect cells to very late times postinfection. The increase in cell survival rates correlated with a marked apoptosis reduction after baculovirus infection. Interestingly, prevention of apoptosis was observed when recombinant baculovirus infections were carried out in monolayer cell cultures but not when cells were infected in suspension, suggesting a cell anchorage dependence for p21 function in insect cells. Cell survival was enhanced under optimal conditions of cell attachment and cell-to-cell contact as provided by extracellular matrix components or poly-d-lysine. Since it was observed that cytoskeleton organization varied depending on culture conditions of insect cells (grown in monolayer versus grown in suspension), these results suggested that A179L might regulate apoptosis in insect cells only when the cytoskeletal support of intracellular signaling is maintained upon cell adhesion. Thus, cell shape and cytoskeleton status might allow variations in intracellular transduction of signals related to cell survival in virus-infected cells.
Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants 1

Food products from ruminants are the major dietary source of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) for humans. The uniqueness of CLA in ruminant fat relates to the biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids by rumen bacteria. The CLA are intermediates in the biohydrogenation, and a portion escape the rumen and are incorporated into milk fat and body fat. In addition, the animal itself synthesizes cis-9, trans-11 CLA from trans-11 octadecenoic acid, another intermediate in ruminal biohydrogenation that is absorbed. This involves ∆-desaturase, which is present in mammary tissue (lactation) and adipose tissue (growth). Investigations to alter the content of CLA have typically involved lactating cows (milk fat); fewer data from growing cattle (body fat) are available. Dietary factors that alter the content of CLA because of effects on the rumen biohydrogenation processes include unsaturated fatty acid substrates and altered rumen environment. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer is the major isomer found in ruminant fat; this isomer typically represents 80 to 90% of the total CLA in milk fat, but its proportion in beef fat is less. Under certain dietary conditions the proportion of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer increases. Thus, dietary factors also alter the direction of the biohydrogenation pathways in the rumen. The CLA possess anticarcinogenic effects, which relates to the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer, as evident from results with mammary tumors in a rat model. Lipid accretion and nutrient partitioning are also altered by CLA in several species. Recent work demonstrates that this relates primarily to the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer, as evident by effects on milk fat synthesis in lactating cows and body fat accretion in growing mice. Overall, consideration of functional foods containing CLA represents an exciting area of potential importance in producing food products derived from ruminants.
Life after Centrepoint: Accounts of adult adjustment after childhood spent at an experimental community

This study explores how former child members of a controversial community, in which child sexual abuse and drug use are known to have occurred, account for the effects of this on their adult lives. The narrative accounts of 29 participants were analysed to identify key areas of psychological adjustment they described after leaving the New Zealand community known as Centrepoint. Participants’ accounts highlighted challenges in negotiating the initial transition, family relationships, friendships and intimate relationships, livelihoods, stigma and changing belief systems. Themes within participants’ accounts reflect disadvantage and suffering as a result of growing up at Centrepoint as well as some advantages, also attributed to this environment. While this research shows that there may be some significant adjustments to be made after childhood spent in such communities, it also cautions against a polarized perspective which focuses exclusively on either positive or negative consequences of this kind of experience.
Ocorrências éticas de enfermagem no Estado de São Paulo: descrição fática

Objetivo Descrever ocorrencias eticas de enfermagem nos processos eticos (PEDs) julgados pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de Sao Paulo (Coren/SP). Metodos Estudo retrospectivo de natureza quantitativa, realizado no Coren/SP. Amostra constituida por documentos de 399 profissionais de Enfermagem obtidos em 254 PEDs julgados no periodo de 2012 e 2013. Utilizou-se instrumento de coleta de dados sendo tabulados e analisados por meio de estatistica descritiva. Resultados A categoria dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem (46,12%) foi a mais envolvida nas ocorrencias, com maior prevalencia de iniciantes no exercicio profissional, idade media de 36 anos. As ocorrencias mais evidenciadas foram Iatrogenias por omissao (22,6 %), Iatrogenias por erro na administracao de medicamentos (22,1%), crimes ou contravencoes penais (18,0 %). Conclusao Os resultados foram de suma importância para identificar as caracteristicas das ocorrencias e dos profissionais envolvidos e com isso, a necessidade de aprofundar a discussao sobre os problemas eticos na pratica cotidiana da Enfermagem.
Peripherally derived FGF 21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system

Demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) leads to severe neurological deficits that can be partially reversed by spontaneous remyelination. Because the CNS is isolated from the peripheral milieu by the blood-brain barrier, remyelination is thought to be controlled by the CNS microenvironment. However, in this work we found that factors derived from peripheral tissue leak into the CNS after injury and promote remyelination in a murine model of toxin-induced demyelination. Mechanistically, leakage of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is predominantly expressed by the pancreas, drives proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) through interactions with bklotho, an essential coreceptor of FGF21. We further confirmed that human OPCs expressed b-klotho and proliferated in response to FGF21 in vitro. Vascular barrier disruption is a common feature of many CNS disorders; thus, our findings reveal a potentially important role for the peripheral milieu in promoting CNS regeneration. Research Article Angiogenesis Neuroscience
Student Council, Volunteering, Basketball, or Marching Band

We examined the potential benefits and risks associated with participation in five types of activities: prosocial (church and volunteer activities), team sports, school involvement, performing arts, and academic clubs. Our sample included 1,259 mostly European American adolescents (approximately equal numbers of males and females). First, we explore the link between involvement in these activities and our indicators of positive and negative development. Involvement in prosocial activities was linked to positive educational trajectories and low rates of involvement in risky behaviors. In contrast, participation in team sports was linked to positive educational trajectories and to high rates of involvement in one risky behavior, drinking alcohol. Then, we explore two possible mediators of these associations: peer associations and activity-based identity formation. The evidence supported our hypothesis that group differences in peer associations and activity-based identities help explain activity group differences.
Attentional ability among survivors of leukaemia treated without cranial irradiation

Background: Previous research has indicated that children who have received treatment for leukaemia which includes cranial irradiation exhibit deficits in their ability to focus attention. It has been suggested that the use of cranial irradiation may have a role to play in long term sequelae. Aims: To investigate neuropsychological functioning among children treated for leukaemia without cranial irradiation. Methods: In a cross sectional study, 17 leukaemic patients and their sibling controls were assessed using a neuropsychological model of attention. All were treated on the UKALL XI protocol and none had received cranial irradiation. Participants completed the Arithmetic subtest and Digit Span subtest of the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised to assess focus–encode elements of attention; the Coding subtest and the Speed of Information subtest of the BAS to assess focus–execute aspects of attention; the VIGIL computerised battery to assess sustain elements of attention; and the Wisconsin Card Sorting test to assess the ability to shift attention. Results: These children did not exhibit the deficits witnessed in previous cohorts, and were performing at comparable levels to their controls on all measures of attention Conclusions: These findings suggest that children who have received treatment for leukaemia without the use of cranial irradiation do not show the neuropsychological insult found in earlier treatment groups.
Effect of incubation temperature on carbohydrate digestion in important teleosts for aquaculture

The activity and capacity (activity tissue weight) of digestive carbohydrases (total carbohydrase, aglucosidase, a-amylase) was examined in vitro under a range of (more realistic) incubation temperatures (5, 18 and 25 1C) and pH (7.6) more likely to be encountered during rearing, along the digestive tract of important teleost species for aquaculture (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Oreochromis aureus, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar). Results indicate, among other things, an overestimation of digestive carbohydrase levels when performing assays at 37 1C, a diierent eiect of temperature on digestive enzyme performance along the digestive tract of examined species, and the increased importance ofa-glucosidase towards carbohydrate digestion. Implications regarding the capacity of each species for carbohydrate digestion in nature, as well as feed manufacturing, are discussed.
Brain-drive: A smart driver for controlling digital appliances using cognitive command

For the disabled and handicapped, the world of brain-computer interface has opened a new horizon to lead an unassisted and least supervised life. But the use of prosthetic limbs and artificial organs are still not commercially available in most of the countries. Recently developed some other brainwave based systems are mostly expensive, immobile or task specific. In order to overcome these problems, analogous to the pen-drive, we have focused on developing a low cost control unit namely “Brain-drive” which transforms ones thoughts into output digital electric signal. Certain thoughts (mental tasks) with hard eye blinking (neural driven physical outcome) develops certain action potential, no matter the eye blinking is visible or not, it creates a significant change in electroencephalogram (EEG) or brain signal. Single channel EEG signal is collected from frontal lobe as it plays a vital role in voluntary movement using a wearable Mindwave Mobile from Neurosky. The EEG data thus recorded is preprocessed to reduce the effect of noise and artifacts and then analyzed in time domain. A grid of cells are displayed on a monitor in front of the subject, which is connected to individual digital output pin onboard an embedded system. To select a cell, a user just needs to look and generate a sustainable eye blink which can easily be identified from the raw value of brainwave. Since eye blinking can be both conscious and involuntary, automatic periodic eye blink of very low frequency oscillation is removed to avoid unwanted selection of command. Unlike webcam based eye blink detector, Brain-Drive captures the signal for blink rather than the visual output of blinking. The system can be trained for person specific customized performance, considering special needs of a disabled or handicapped people who cannot communicate with the outside world using voice, motion or other methods. With the help of cognitive command, the ‘Brain-Drive’ can be used to control wheelchair, home appliances and even industrial machines.
Neonatal Management of the Infant of Diabetic Mother

Many controversies exist about the management of neonatal conditions frequent in the infant of diabetic mother such as asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, or polycythemia. In this article, we review the pathophysiology and management of major neonatal complications of diabetes in pregnancy, taking into consideration the major current controversies.
No differences in brain microstructure between young KIBRA-C carriers and non-carriers

KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism is associated with variations in memory function and the microstructure of related brain areas. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) as an extension of diffusion tensor imaging that can provide more information about changes in microstructure, based on the idea that water diffusion in biological tissues is heterogeneous due to structural hindrance and restriction. We used DKI to explore the relationship between KIBRA gene polymorphism and brain microstructure in young adults. We recruited 100 healthy young volunteers, including 53 TT carriers and 47 C allele carriers. No differences were detected between the TT homozygotes and C-allele carriers for any diffusion and kurtosis parameter. These results indicate KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism likely has little or no effect on brain microstructure in young adults.
Boundary of Internal Labor Markets : Do we have the empirical facts right ?

This paper analyzes the internal labor market and its effect on workers’ wages using an extensive Swedish dataset that includes employee and occupation characteristics and information about wages and work hours. Contrary to the conventional assumption, we find that there are no firm-based “ports of entry” in low level jobs. On the contrary, firms prefer to hire workers with relevant occupational experience at all ranks, even if that requires hiring from outside the firm. This effect is most pronounced at higher ranks and for smaller firms. Wage regressions reinforce the message, showing that overall experience and tenure in occupation have significant effects on wages but that firm tenure does not. In occupations where the occupation-specific port of entry is most pronounced, tenure in occupation has a larger effect on wages. This paper is based on individual-level wage data made available by the former Swedish Employers’ Federation (SAF). We are grateful to Ari Hietasalo, Svenskt Näringsliv and Åke Kempe, Svenska Medlingsinstitutet , for their extensive and exceptionally expert cooperation in preparing these data for analysis. We thank John Ekberg at the Stockholm School of Economics and Jeremy Fox for excellent research input. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the Swedish Council for Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSFR). Contact Information: Illoong Kwon, Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, ilkwon@umich.edu. Eva M Meyersson Milgrom, GSB and CCDRL, Encina Hall C-144, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, eva@meyersson.com.
User perception of seat functionality

Pressure ulcers are dominant health problem for people who, for various reasons, must spend most of their time in a seated position. The spinal cord injury group is the most affected for this problem. One strategy to prevent pressure ulcers is through the use of special seats. National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR) from Mexico, contoured special seats have been development according to spinal cord injured person. The objective of this work was assessment the users' perception. This assessment involved questionnaire about satisfaction and usability. The contoured special seats obtained good score, but we found design's opportunities to improve.
Effect of cell size on the energetics of vacancies in aluminum studied via orbital-free density functional theory

We investigate the effect of cell-size on the energetics of vacancies in Aluminum using orbital-free density functional theory with non-local kinetic energy functionals. Extending the recently developed coarse-graining techniques based on quasi-continuum reduction to include non-local kinetic energy functionals, we consider cell-sizes up to a million atoms in this study. We find remarkable cell-size effects that are present in computational domains consisting up to 103 − 104 atoms, even in simple defects like vacancies. These results indicate the presence of important long-ranged interactions that have not been considered in prior electronic structure studies of defects conducted on a few hundred atoms. These cell-size effects are more striking in the computed di-vacancy binding energies, where vacancies are found to repel each other in small computational cells, but become attractive in larger computational cells representative of realistic vacancy concentrations. PACS numbers: 61.72. jd,31.15. es,02.70. -c,02.70. Dh
A High Efficiency Scheme for Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation in GaN-Based Bragg Reflection Waveguide

We present an analysis of a high index core symmetric Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW) design based on GaN-AlxGa1-xN system for efficient phase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG). Using phase-matched interaction between a zeroth-order total internal reflection guided mode at fundamental and a BRW mode at second harmonic, an enhancement in efficiency is brought about by suitably inverting the domains in the core of BRW. The design allows us to obtain a suitable poling thickness using a simple relation and the thickness calculated for poling in GaN core is feasible to be realized experimentally. The tolerance of the SHG process towards wavelength fluctuations is also analyzed.
ANCA-Associated Vasculitides—An Update

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides are characterized by destruction of small vessels, granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. This review describes the clinical diagnosis and therapy as well as the patho-physiology of ANCA-associated vasculitides with a specific focus on the interplay of ANCAs with activated neutrophils and the deleterious pathophysiological consequences of neutrophil-endothelium interaction.
Mode Matching for the Electromagnetic Scattering From Three-Dimensional Large Cavities

A new mode matching method is presented for the electromagnetic scattering from large cavity-backed apertures. The new method is based on the expansion of the field inside the cavity by the standard modes, and a periodic extension of the field on the cavity aperture to the whole ground plane. The computation cost is low by solving only the coefficients of the modes. Numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency of the approach.
Bed variation analysis using the sediment transport formula considering the effect of river width and cross-sectional form in the Ishikari River mouth

For river management, it is important to estimate the sediment discharge rate and the degree of bed variations during floods. Many of the previous sediment transport formulae have been proposed based on results by experimental channels. Therefore, they cannot estimate well the sediment discharge rate in rivers because of the complicated channel shapes and bed forms. It is necessary to calculate the sediment discharge rate appropriately to improve the accuracy of bed variation analysis. Fukuoka (2010) thought that stable cross-sectional scales of alluvial rivers (such as width and depth) are determined by physical quantities which indicate characteristics of basins (such as discharge, river bed slope and river bed material). He then derived formulae between dimensionless quantities of width, depth and discharge using field observed data by dimensional analysis. Based on the above analysis, he also derived the bed load formula considering the effect of river width and cross-sectional form using field observed data. In this study, we develop a bed variation analysis with the Fukuoka's bed load formula to calculate the 1981 flood of the Ishikari River that caused large bed scouring at the river mouth. We compare calculated results between the bed load formula of Fukuoka (2010) and the previous formulae of Ashida & Michiue (1972) and Sato et al. (1958) for the amount of bed load discharge rates during the flood and the bed forms after the flood. As a result, the cross- sectional bed forms at meandering channel are well reproduced when we use the bed load formulae of Fukuoka (2010) and Sato et al. (1958). This indicates that these bed load formulae can calculate the amount of bed load discharge rate appropriately in the case of the Ishikari River mouth.
Behavioral public choice: A survey

Public choice theory has originally been motivated by the need to correct the asymmetry, widespread in traditional welfare economics, between the motivational assumptions of market participants and policymakers: Those who played the game of politics should also be considered rational and self-interested. History repeats itself with the rise of behavioral economics: Cognitive biases discovered in market participants often induce a call for rational governments to intervene. Recently, however, behavioral economics has also been applied to the explanatory analysis of the political process. This paper surveys the current state of the emerging field of 'behavioral public choice' and considers the scope for further research.
Simulation of three-phase grid interactive inverter for wind energy systems

Electrical energy's transfer, obtained from the wind energy systems, directly to the grid or load is not possible in terms of efficiency and usability. For these reasons, grid interactive inverters are largely used for wind energy systems. In this study, three phase grid interactive Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) controlled by Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) has been performed. The current controller model, Proportional-Integral (PI) controller regulated the injected grid current, has been implemented as the grid interactive VSI control model. In order to operate between inverter and grid synchronously, the phase angle of grid voltage is detected by using Phase Locked Loop (PLL) in dq-synchronous reference frame. This system has been simulated under MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results illustrate that inverter output voltages are in same phase and frequency with grid voltages.