Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulations of acoustic transmission loss of Fin whale calls reaching the LoVe Ocean Observatory

Equinor has plans to develop a whale monitoring station using acoustic animal destiny estimation at their cabled ocean observatory, the LoVe Observatory, in Lofoten-Vesterålen basin. The fauna of this area is of remarkable importance to the Norwegian economy due to its unique fishing banks and its newly discovered petroleum reserves. This makes it important to monitor the Fin whale population in the area, especially if human interference in the region is to be increased due to new petroleum related interventions. Moreover, the observatory will hopefully bring about new knowledge of the habitat and migratory routes of the Fin whale, which are currently poorly understood. In order to implement an animal density estimation algorithm at the LoVe Observatory it is necessary to know how the transmission loss experienced by sounds reaching the observatory varies as a function of position around the receiver. This study has developed a set of model tools fit to simulate the transmission loss at any position in the Lofoten-Vesterålen basin, by using environmental data available at various databases as input parameters to the parabolic equation model Range-dependent Acoustic Model (RAM). The study has utilized these tools to produce simulations of the transmission loss at a number of example transects, in order to present some conclusions about how the transmission loss is affected by the environmental parameters bathymetry, sound speed profiles and sedimentary geoacoustic properties. Furthermore, the simulations have been repeated for each of the four seasons, to look at how the transmission loss varies across the year. Generally, the study will show that the variation of transmission loss with position is complex and that the inclusion of environmental parameters in the simulations is necessary. It will be shown that the observatory is capable of detecting Fin whales at 190 km in low noise conditions, but that this range is limited by the angular direction of the propagation path and by increases in the noise level. Seasonal variability in the transmission loss will be shown, but it has not been possible connect this variation to the observed yearly variation in Fin whale detections. Sigrid Husebø Øygard 2
Global and country-specific business cycle risk in time-varying excess returns on asset markets

Deviations of national industrial production indexes from trend explain time variation in excess returns on the G7 countries' stock markets. This paper highlights that this finding is driven by a global, common component in the national production gaps. The global component is not a mirror image of the U.S. business cycle. Quite to the contrary, a "rest-ofthe-world" production gap explains time variation in U.S. stock market excess returns while the U.S.-specific production gap does not. However, both U.S.-specific and global gap components explain time-varying excess returns on U.S. bonds. The relative importance of the U.S.-specific risk gap increases with the maturity of bonds.
An updated emission inventory of vehicular VOCs and IVOCs in China

Abstract. Currently, the emission inventory of vehicular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of those with the largest errors and uncertainties due to suboptimal estimation methods and the lack of first-hand basic data. In this study, an updated speciated emission inventory of VOCs and an estimation of intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) from vehicles in China at the provincial level for the year of 2015 are developed based on a set of state-of-the-art methods and an abundance of local measurement data. Activity data for light-duty vehicles are derived from trajectories of more than 70 000 cars for 1 year. The annual mileage of trucks are calculated from reported data by more than 2 million trucks in China. The emission profiles are updated using measurement data. Vehicular tailpipe emissions (VTEs) and four types of vehicular evaporation emissions (VEEs), including refueling, hot soak, diurnal and running loss, are taken into account. Results show that the total vehicular VOC emissions in China are 4.21 Tg (with a 95 % confidence interval range from 2.90 to 6.54 Tg) and the IVOC emissions are 200.37 Gg in 2015. VTEs are still the predominant contributor, while VEEs are responsible for 39.20 % of VOC emissions. The control of VEEs is yet to be optimized in China. Among VTEs, passenger vehicles emissions have the largest share (49.86 %), followed by trucks (28.15 %) and motorcycles (21.99 %). Among VEEs, running loss is the largest contributor (81.05 %). For both VTEs and VEEs, Guangdong, Shandong and Jiangsu province are three of the highest, with a respective contribution of 10.66, 8.85 and 6.54 % to the total amounts of VOCs from vehicles. 97 VOC species are analyzed in this VOC emission inventory. i-Pentane, toluene and formaldehyde are found to be the most abundant species in China's vehicular VOC emissions. The estimated IVOCs are another inconvenient truth , concluding that precursor emissions for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from vehicles are much larger than previously estimated.
Planning and Building Healthy Communities

This paper presents preliminary findings of an ongoing ARC Linkage study exploring the relationship between human health and the built environment in four diverse residential sites in NSW. The aim of the research is to understand the role the built environment plays in supporting health and well-being as part of everyday living. The focus is on how the built environment facilitates physical activity, social interaction and access to fresh and nutritious foods – all of which contribute to preventing chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. The first part of the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the study’s research methodology, illustrating how each segment of data collection is related and in turn, informs the research questions. Observational assessments, mapping, surveys and measurements of the physical, social and food environments are core elements of the study, along with focus groups and interviews. The paper describes the development and function of the Healthy Neighbourhood Audit, which provides for the mapping of key features and infrastructure, as well as enabling the recording of detailed environmental observations about the use of space. An overview of the instruments used to record the price, availability and quality of foods in the subject sites is also provided. We discuss selected outcomes of both neighbourhood audits and food environment assessments, showing how data collection currently underway will further augment these findings. This research, involving partners from the health and built environment sectors, is contributing to our understanding of the complex and contextual nature of supportive environments for healthy living.
A HOLISTIC MODELING AND SIMULATION APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE A SMART COMBINED GRID SYSTEM OF DIFFERENT RENEWABLE ENERGIES

In this contribution, a model-based method for analyzing and designing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domains is presented. Beside the energy generation and consumption, the bidirectional coupling between all energy domains is considered, as well. This method is an adapted variant of the so called Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation where virtual energy components are combined with geographically distributed real energy components. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local available grid structures. This virtual coupling has the further advantage of a simple scalability so that existing real components can be used for different applications. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behavior. In this contribution, a CHP unit is described as a first virtual energy component. The modeling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the model is scalable regarding the modeling depth and the power ratings which allows an application for different simulation scenarios. Besides the modeling of a standalone CHP unit, its integration into a simulated electrical grid is discussed as well. Afterwards, the overall model is parameterized and validated with data of a medium size CHP unit. Finally, the model is used for simulations of an exemplary electrical grid.
Is Corporate Governance Effective in Earnings Management in Asian Emerging Markets

In forensic accounting, Benford's Law can be used to identify anomalous numerical data. This paper discusses how implementing corporate governance regulations affect earnings management of emerging markets in Asia. Benford's analysis was employed to evaluate 122,310 instances of positive earnings-79,285 in China and 43,025 in Taiwan-from 1990 to 2012. The empirical results showed that earnings manipulation occurred in Asian emerging markets. Our analyses revealed that the managers of publicly listed firms rounded up earnings to achieve key reference points. Chinese corporate managers seemed to have had stronger incentives to manipulate earnings than Taiwanese corporate managers. In addition, the extent of earnings management was significantly reduced after corporate governance regulations were implemented. The results indicated that implementing corporate governance regulations played a crucial role in reducing earnings manipulation behavior. The findings of this study verify the effectiveness of corporate governance regulations in detecting earnings management.
Analisis Perilaku dan Loyalitas Pelanggan ZAP Clinic

Industri kecantikan di Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini berkembang pesat, salah satunya dipicu oleh tren media online termasuk media sosial. Salah satu klinik kecantikan di Indonesia yaitu ZAP Clinic masih belum berhasil menjadi top of mind pelanggan, melihat persaingan klinik kecantikan di Indonesia yang semakin kompetitif. ZAP Clinic dapat memanfaatkan media sosial untuk membangun ekuitas merek yang kuat di benak konsumen dan mendapatkan respon yang baik dari konsumen. Selain itu, rendahnya engagement rate pada salah satu akun media sosial menjadi tantangan bagi ZAP untuk menciptakan konten yang sesuai dengan karakteristik pengikut media sosialnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pelanggan sekaligus pengikut media sosial ZAP Clinic serta mengetahui tingkat loyalitas pelanggan ZAP Clinic. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan survei dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online kepada 210 sampel yang menjadi pelanggan ZAP Clinic dan mengikuti setidaknya salah satu media sosial ZAP Clinic. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan crosstab dan Customer Loyalty Index (CLI). Temuan yang didapat dari analisis CLI adalah pelanggan ZAP Clinic termasuk loyal. Terdapat beberapa implikasi manajerial yang dapat diterapkan oleh ZAP Clinic untuk meningkatkan ekuitas merek sehingga mendapatkan respon yang positif dari konsumen seperti membuat konten media sosial yang menarik dan up to date. Untuk mempertahankan loyalitas pelanggan, ZAP Clinic perlu menjaga kualitas layanannya dan memberikan beberapa program loyalitas.
The Image Realism Effect: The Effect of Unrealistic Product Images in Advertising

Many advertisements use unrealistic images of products (e.g., hand drawings, digital illustrations, rotoscoped animation) instead of actual product images. However, while unrealistic product images are widely used in advertisements, little is known about their possible impact on product evaluation. We propose that because products in unrealistic images look unconsumable or unusable, unrealistic product images (1) suppress consumers’ mental simulation of consuming or using those products and (2) increase uncertainty in the judgment of these products’ characteristics. As a result, unrealistic images attenuate the judgment of a product’s characteristics (both benefits and drawbacks). That is, the same characteristics are judged less intensely when a product is presented as an unrealistic image instead of a realistic image. Through seven studies, we demonstrate this effect for food items (e.g., bread, cupcakes, hamburgers, and chips) and durable goods (e.g., automobiles), finding support for the underlying processes. We further demonstrate that the impact of unrealistic images is not restricted to product evaluation but also extends to actual consumption.
Long Memory and Structural Breaks in Realized Volatility: An Irreversible Markov Switching Approach

This paper proposes a model that simultaneously captures long memory and structural breaks. We model structural breaks through irreversible Markov switching or so-called change-point dynamics. The parameters subject to structural breaks and the unobserved states which determine the position of the structural breaks are sampled from the joint posterior density by sampling from their respective conditional posteriors using Gibbs sampling and Metropolis-Hastings. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed estimation approach is effective in identifying and dating structural breaks. Applied to daily S&P 500 data, one finds strong evidence of three structural breaks. The evidence of these breaks is robust to different specifications including a GARCH specification for the conditional variance of volatility.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS AND GENERIC HYDROLOGICAL VARIABLES

The collection and analysis of samples from storm events constitutes a large portion of the effort associated with water quality research. Estimating concentrations or loads from these events is often difficult. The equipment necessary to analyze the samples and the required laboratory resources are typically significant expenses incurred by the researcher. One potential method to reduce these costs is through the development of generic relationships between concentrations and easily measured variables such as dimensionless flow rate or time. The benefits recognized from such an effort include a reduction in the number of required samples, resulting in a reduction in cost. Using data collected from an Arkansas stream near Fayetteville, relationships between the generic variables (time and flow) and several constituents (nitrate–N, orthophosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia–N, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci) were examined. Results of the analyses indicated that a form of the gamma function could be used to estimate the flow–weighted mean concentrations and loads of the constituents at a significant cost savings to the user, assuming that single–peak hydrograph data were readily available. By using a single sample collected at the peak of the storm along with information pertaining to the time of sample collection, time of the peak of the storm hydrograph, and the constituent concentration of the sample, the flow–weighted mean concentration or load could be determined. Results of the analysis indicate that the method performed reasonably well. Since the analysis of only one sample is required to determine the flow–weighted mean concentration or load, instead of several samples, this method is quite appealing to users on a limited budget.
HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VASCULAR DISORDERS: FROM HOMOCYSTINURIA TO MULTIFACTORIAL CHANGES (PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE)

S u m m a r y. The subject of the present paper is the research of the main homocysteine remethylation regulators genotypes (HCys), and sulfur amino acids in the blood plasma of the patients suffering from the pre-eclamptic state and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The actual hyperhomocysteinemia among the patients with the pre-eclamptic state and the moderate hyperhomocysteinemia along with the actual hyperhomocysteinemia among patients with IHD were diagnosed. The genotypes prone to the development of atheromatosis changes were determined. There is some high probability of hidden hyperhomocysteinemia among patients with IHD, which is connected with the homocysteine thiolactone concentration increase due to the transsulfuration processes disturbance and methylation, which can involve endogens hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis disturbance. K e y w o r d s: hyperhomocysteinemia, pre-eclampsia, ischemic heart disease MTHFR gene, MTR gene, MTRR gene,
Invariant envelopes of holomorphy in the complexification of a Hermitian symmetric space

In this paper we investigate invariant domains in $\, \Xi^+$, a distinguished $\,G$-invariant, Stein domain in the complexification of an irreducible Hermitian symmetric space $\,G/K$. The domain $\,\Xi^+$, recently introduced by Kr\"otz and Opdam, contains the crown domain $\,\Xi\,$ and it is maximal with respect to properness of the $\,G$-action. In the tube case, it also contains $\,S^+$, an invariant Stein domain arising from the compactly causal structure of a symmetric orbit in the boundary of $\,\Xi$. We prove that the envelope of holomorphy of an invariant domain in $\,\Xi^+$, which is contained neither in $\,\Xi\,$ nor in $\,S^+$, is univalent and coincides with $\,\Xi^+$. This fact, together with known results concerning $\,\Xi\,$ and $\,S^+$, proves the univalence of the envelope of holomorphy of an arbitrary invariant domain in $\,\Xi^+\,$ and completes the classification of invariant Stein domains therein.
Neo-Liberal Small States and Economic Crisis: Lessons for Democratic Corporatism

This paper argues that the 2008 economic crisis was particularly deep in Estonia and Iceland because non-corporatist neo-liberal political features were essential endogenous factors deepening it. A lack of corporatist features also formed the basis for responses to the crisis and the political aftermath in both cases. Furthermore, the paper argues that adding new institutionalist aspects to the corporatist model – in particular the juxtaposition of compound and simple polities – helps deepen our understanding of political dynamics in societies that lack clear-cut corporatist features. It makes a big difference whether or not a country enters the neo-liberal era with an already corporatist set of structures.
Organizational Agility: The Key to Improve Organizational Performance

Purpose, The purpose of this study is to highlight the significant role of Organizational Agility (OA) in improving Organizational Performance (OP) at the pharmaceutical industry in Egypt. Research Design/Methodology: To assess positive OA, refer to (OA Questionnaire, Jaworski, & Kohli 1993), and OP (OP Questionnaire & Darroch, 2003; Pathirage et al., 2007; and Chen & Mohamed, 2008). The data was collected from 310 employees. Out of the 356 questionnaires that were distributed, 310 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 87%. Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) was used to confirm the research hypotheses. Findings, The research has found that there is significant relationship between OA and OP. The finding reveals that OA affects OP. Accordingly, the study provided a set of recommendations including the necessity to pay more attention to OA as a key source for improving OP. Practical implications, This research contributes to boosting scientific research, particularly in terms of testing the model content, as well as studying the study variables and the factors affecting them. In addition, this research pointed to the need for organizations to practice OA in order to improve OP. Originality/value: This research dealt with OA in terms of its concept and dimensions, in addition to dealing with the role of OA in improving OP at the pharmaceutical industry in Egypt.
Assessment of Groundwater Depletion and Implications for Management in the Denver Basin Aquifer System

The Denver Basin Aquifer System (DBAS) is a critical groundwater resource along the Colorado Front Range. Groundwater depletion has been documented over the past few decades due to the increased water use among users, presenting long‐term sustainability challenges. A spatiotemporal geostatistical analysis is used to estimate potentiometric surfaces and evaluate groundwater storage changes between 1990 and 2016 in each of the four DBAS aquifers. Several key depletion patterns and spatial water‐level changes emerge in this work. Hydraulic head changes are the largest in the west‐central side of the DBAS and have decreased in some areas by up to 180 m since 1990, while areas to the northwest show increases in hydraulic head by over 30.5 m. The Denver and Arapahoe aquifers show the largest groundwater storage losses, with the highest rates occurring in the 2000s. The results highlight uncertainty in the volumetric predictions under various storage coefficient calculations and emphasize the importance of representative aquifer characterization. The observed groundwater storage depletions are due to a combination of factors, which include population growth increasing the demand for water, variable precipitation, and drought influencing recharge, and increased groundwater pumping. The methods applied in this study are transferable to other groundwater systems and provide a framework that can help assess groundwater depletion and inform management decisions at other locations.
The Construction and Application of a Multipoint Sampling System for Vehicle Exhaust Plumes

ABSTRACTTo study the formation process of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in a vehicle exhaust plume near the exhaust gas discharge outlet, a new multipoint sampling system was established. The system has five sampling heads and includes a particulate matter multi-channel film sampling system, a CO2/CO analyzer system, a volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling system, a particulate matter real-time analyzer system, and sensor interfaces. The vehicle exhaust near the exhaust nozzle can be sampled at multiple locations simultaneously using the new multipoint sampling system. Additionally, the system can be used to measure and analyze variations in the fine particulate matter, including the carbonaceous and ionic components, and organic compounds in the plume near the exhaust nozzle. This paper introduces the construction and application of the multipoint sampling system. The motor vehicle exhaust multipoint sampling system is reliable and can accurately capture the characteristics of the exhaust plume near the discharge outlet area. Changes in the CO2 concentration were used to determine whether exhaust was accurately collected at the sampling points. The relationship between the dilution rate and distance was calculated on the basis of on-road test results using the following equation: DR = 21.4X1. 16. This equation can be used for modeling purposes, especially in comparisons of model results and observations and in the evaluation of dispersion models.