Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonsingular Zero-Order Bulk Models of Sheared Convective Boundary Layers

Two zero-order bulk models (ZOMs) are developed for the velocity, buoyancy, and moisture of a cloud-free barotropic convective boundary layer (CBL) that grows into a linearly stratified atmosphere. The models differ in the entrainment closure assumption: in the first one, termed the “energetics-based model,” the negative and positive areas of the buoyancy flux are assumed to match between the model and the actual CBL; in the second one, termed the “geometric-based model,” the modeled CBL depth is assumed to match different definitions of the actual CBL depth. Parameterizations for these properties derived from direct numerical simulation (DNS) are employed as entrainment closure equations. These parameterizations, and hence the resulting models, are free from the potential singularity at finite wind strength that has been a major limitation in previous bulk models. The proposed ZOMs are verified using the DNS data. Model results show that the CBL depths obtained from the energetics-based model and previous ZOMs correspond to the height that marks the transition from the lower to the upper entrainment-zone sublayer; this reference height is few hundred meters above the height of the minimum buoyancy flux. It is also argued that ZOMs, despite their simplicity compared to higher-order models, can accurately represent CBL bulk properties when the relevant features of the actual entrainment zone are considered in the entrainment closures. The vertical structure of the actual entrainment zone, if required, can be constructed a posteriori using the available relationships between the predicted zero-order CBL depth and various definitions of the actual CBL depth.
Statistical monitoring of binary response attributed social networks considering random effects

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach for monitoring attributed social networks considering random effects, the concept which enables the monitoring procedure to be effective for the networks where the available pairs of communications are randomly accessible from an unknown larger set of individuals. The proposed method presents a statistical approach based on generalized linear mixed model and a likelihood-based control chart for monitoring the social network data. Numerical examples, including simulation studies and a real-world case study, verify the effectiveness of the proposed method due to its' ability in considering random effects.
Improved Estimates of Geocenter Variability from Time-Variable Gravity and Ocean Model Outputs

Geocenter variations relate the motion of the Earth’s center of mass with respect to its center of figure, and represent global-scale redistributions of the Earth’s mass. We investigate different techniques for estimating of geocenter motion from combinations of time-variable gravity measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On missions, and bottom pressure outputs from ocean models. Here, we provide self-consistent estimates of geocenter variability incorporating the effects of self-attraction and loading, and investigate the effect of uncertainties in atmospheric and oceanic variation. The effects of self-attraction and loading from changes in land water storage and ice mass change affect both the seasonality and long-term trend in geocenter position. Omitting the redistribution of sea level affects the average annual amplitudes of the x, y, and z components by 0.2, 0.1, and 0.3 mm, respectively, and affects geocenter trend estimates by 0.02, 0.04 and 0.05 mm/yr for the the x, y, and z components, respectively. Geocenter estimates from the GRACE Follow-On mission are consistent with estimates from the original GRACE mission.
Factors Contributing to Scholarly Productivity of Assistant Professors in Counseling

Doctoral research training and faculty departmental research culture were explored in relation to research interest, self‐efficacy, and productivity among 49 counselor education assistant professors. Doctoral research training environment consistently held strong positive relationships with research interest and self‐efficacy, suggesting that a solid foundation in research at the doctoral level is imperative for initial research productivity.
Righting Our Wrongs: Examining the Moderating Effects of Moral Identity on the Relationship Between Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

There is a void that exists within the discretionary behavior literature as it pertains to the counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) relationship, respectively. The present study examined the moderating effects of moral identity on the relationship between CWB and OCB. In addition, exploratory analyses using moral identity sub-dimensions, organizational fairness, and job satisfaction were conducted. The study recruited 254 participants using MTurk. Using moderated multiple regression, a moderating effect for internalization (a moral identity sub-dimension) was revealed for the relationship between the organizational sub-dimensions of CWB and OCB. Other moderation analyses proved to be non-significant. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed. Future research should implement a longitudinal design to help determine causality for the moderation finding, as the current study used cross-sectional data. Findings from this study could be used to help fill the CWB to OCB literature void previously mentioned.
Off-State Operation of a Three Terminal Ionic FET for Logic-in-Memory

We demonstrate a novel concept for low power compute-in-memory applications in a room temperature fabricated ZnO/Ta2O5 thin film transistor. By writing during the off-state, the device power consumption is reduced to nW despite a large L/W ratio. A thinner gate insulator thickness gives higher on/off ratio, nevertheless this reduces the retention time. The on/off ratio in the thicker oxide can be improved by asymmetric voltage pulses of higher magnitude in the off state without affecting power consumption. Benchmarked against other ReRAM devices, the device shows a competitive 8 nJ per transition, which allows a reduction in power consumption compared to a filamentary device. Such non-filamentary devices have closer similarity to biological synapses on account of slow operating speed.
INCOME INEQUALITY ACROSS STATES IN MALAYSIA

This paper examines income differentials across the 16 states/territories in Malaysia, using quantile regression of income per capita on a nationally representative sample of 24,463 households in 2014. The results show that the vast differentials in income per capita across states are attenuated after taking into account urban-rural and ethnic distribution, but remain significant. Income differentials across states vary at different levels of income, being more pronounced at the lower ends of the distributions. States and territory in the central region had the highest income. The three states in the southern regions fared better than those in the northern region (except Penang), and the eastern region as well as East Malaysia. Other variables such as level of urbanisation, the educational level, migration, employment structure, and female labour force participation may also affect income differentials across states.
Tropical plant hydraulics in a changing climate: importance for species distribution and vulnerability to drought

Author(s): Fontes, Clarissa | Advisor(s): Dawson, Todd E | Abstract: Amazonian droughts are becoming more frequent and intense, having a profound effect on water availability for plants. However, we still have limited abilities to predict the effect of climate change on plant species survival and distribution in mega-diverse systems like the Amazon. Plant hydraulic traits coupled with the assessment of environmental characteristics emerge as an important tool to assess species physiological performance and resilience, especially during extreme climatic events. Here we investigate plant hydraulic strategies and physiological performance of tropical tree species (i) across contrasting environments, (ii) during an extreme drought event and (iii) during the course of a day to understand how water availability may shape species distribution and plant vulnerability to drought in the Amazon Basin.In the first chapter, I investigate if the current patterns of species’ distribution in the main Amazonian habitats can be explained by species hydraulic strategies and how variation in the hydraulic properties of Amazonian forests influences species-specific vulnerability to drought across different habitat types. I found strong segregation between species from wet vs. dry environments in relation to their functional traits, suggesting that water availability could be a strong predictor of species functional composition in the different Amazonian environments. Also, the xylem of dry-habitat species are more embolism resistant, but it may not be correct to assume that these species will be the ones performing better under a warmer and drier climate.The second chapter assesses plant physiological performance during a strong El Nino. This is the first study in the Amazon to measure in situ tree physiological stress before, during and after a natural drought event. I show that the warmer and drier conditions imposed by the El Nino greatly amplified trees’ physiological stress and could affect growth, phenology and potentially lead to tree mortality. Given the extreme nature of the this El Nino and that temperatures are predicted to increase in the tropics, this work can serve as a case study of the possible impact climate warming can have on tropical trees.In the third chapter, I analyzed the diurnal patterns of stomatal conductance, water potential, and sap velocity during the dry season and investigate how they change with canopy temperature and vapor pressure deficit. I found that unlike preview reported, plants have a re-hydration period during the hottest time of the day probably due to an imbalance between stem sap-velocity and leaf transpiration rates. This study helps to elucidate the array of processes influencing diurnal patterns of plant-water balance in tropical trees.
Clinical and Experimental Immunology

K. JAMES: Anti-lymphocytic antibody--A review B. L. DINH & A. BRASSARD: Induction of experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat by homologous major urinary protein J. R. HOBBS & MARGARET TURNER-WARWICK: Assay of circulating immunoglobulins in patients with fibrosing alveolitis KATHLEEN HAYES, J. A. DUDGEON & J. F. SOOTHILL: Humoral immunity in congenital rubella I. P. T. H ~ K K I N E N & S. VIRTANEN: The blood group activity of human gastric sulphogtycoproteins in patients with gastric cancer and normal controls C. A. RAMSEY & G. L. ASHERSON: A human serum factor (antibody) against altered human serum albumin K. JAMES: Some factors influencing the ability of anti-lymphocytic antibody to suppress humoral antibody formation C. BRAUTBAR & D. NELKEN: Accelerated rejection of rat allografts after the rejection of rabbit skin grafts ANNI H~rHN & R. C. NAIRN: A nuclear staining artefact in immunofluorescence
Characterizing growth instability: new evidence on unit roots and structural breaks in long run time series

In this paper we investigate whether long run time series of income per capita are better described by a trend-stationary model with few structural changes or by unit root processes in which permanent stochastic shocks are responsible for the observed growth discontinuities. To this purpose, we develop a methodology to test the null of a generic I(1) process versus a set of stationary alternatives with structural breaks. Differently from other tests in the literature, the number of structural breaks under the alternative hypothesis is treated as an unknown (up to some ex ante determined maximum). Critical values are obtained via Monte Carlo simulations and finite sample size and power properties of the test are reported. An application is provided for a group of advanced and developing countries in the Maddison dataset, also using bootstrapped critical values. As compared to previous findings in the literature, less evidence is found against the unit root hypothesis. Failures to reject the I(1) null are particularly strong for a set of developing countries considered. Finally, even less rejections are found when relaxing the assumption of Gaussian shocks.
Sibling dynamics in adulthood: a qualitative analysis

Abstract Research on sibling dynamics throughout the life span has gradually increased over the past several years. However, limited work has been conducted on the sibling relationship dynamics of adults particularly using qualitative methods. The current study is a phenomenological examination of the nature of sibling relationships in adults using a sample of forty adults, 24 females and 16 males, between the ages 29 and 70 (M = 50.55, SD = 12.03) from a large Northeastern city in the United States. Participants were interviewed using semi-structured questions about past and current sibling relationship dynamics. Results were analyzed using the phenomenological method. Themes emanating from the interviews included: (1) impact of age, gender, and geography on the relationship, (2) topology of support provided by siblings, (3) content of conversations/information sharing and taboo items, (4) contact frequency and method of contact (phone, electronic), (5) factors contributing to sibling closeness, and (6) negative aspects of the relationship. Findings highlight the continued and unique importance of this bond even as adult are occupied with their daily life and the diversity found in sibling dynamics during adulthood.
Burial and thermal history of the Lower Palaeozoic petroleum source rocks at the SW margin of the East European Craton (Poland)

Thermal maturity modelling was carried out in over sixty wells along the SW margin of the East European Craton (EEC). The burial and thermal history modelling of the EEC, using thermochronological data, allowed the construction of burial history maps showing its geological development in the Phanerozoic. These results have proved that the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks occurring at the SW margin of the EEC reached a maximum palaeotemperature in the Palaeozoic, mainly during Devonian–Carboniferous time and at the latest during the Silurian in the most westerly part of this margin, along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone. In Mesozoic and Cainozoic time, the Ordovician and Silurian strata generally were subjected to cooling or to very minor heating, certainly below the Variscan level. The maximum burial and maximum temperature of the Ediacaran–Lower Palaeozoic strata were reached during the Early Carboniferous in the Baltic Basin and during the Late Carboniferous in the Lublin area, and even in the Early Permian in the SE corner of the Lublin Basin. Thus, the main period of maturation of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation in the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks was in the Late Palaeozoic (mainly Devonian–Carboniferous) and in the westernmost zone along the Teisseyre-Tornquist line at the end of the Silurian.
Hypoxic Bottom Waters as a Carbon Source to Atmosphere During a Typhoon Passage Over the East China Sea

A high‐resolution mooring record from the Changjiang River plume (45‐m depth) is used to investigate how air‐sea CO2 flux responds to typhoon in the productive plume. With strong wind, surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increased sharply from 369 to 606 μatm due to entrainment of high‐CO2 subsurface water. Though it was followed by pCO2 decrease of 250 μatm and Chl a increase days after the typhoon, the typhoon caused a net CO2 efflux overall. The maximum CO2 efflux (+111.6 mmol·m−2·day−1) is much greater than that under non‐typhoon condition (−2.3 to −11.7 mmol·m−2·day−1). Based on historical typhoon records, we estimate typhoon‐induced CO2 efflux to be +0.27 Tg C/year, which can cancel 18% of summer CO2 influx in the East China Sea shelf. It may likely occur in other coastal waters. Ignoring such contribution may induce large bias in estimating regional air‐sea CO2 flux.
RURAL AREAS IN MACEDONIA AS TOURISM SUPPLY: PROBLEM OR A CHALLENGE?

The fact that Macedonia has unique and well-preserved natural resources, large number of traditional rural households and much supplementary potential, imposes great future challenges towards rural tourism development. Moreover, due to ever-growing interest of international market in rural lifestyle, rural tourism sounds like inevitable alternative for economic development. The paper uses a qualitative approach to illustrate the ambient for development of tourism in rural areas in Macedonia. In this respect, the research outlines the current possibilities seriously to consider rural areas to be added to the current tourism supply in Macedonia, by highlighting the barriers of rural tourism from a perspective of a problem or a challenge. The paper points out that Macedonia needs to undertake serious measures and activities on central and local level for incorporating many rural areas in enriching tourism supply and boosting modest tourism development.
OPTIMISM-PESSIMISM AND EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO UNPLEASANT MOVIE SCENES

The aim of this research was to examine if there are some differences in a way optimists and pessimists react to unpleasant movie stimuli. The sample was convenient and it consisted of 42 (F=90%) students of psychology, from the Faculty of philosophy in Nish. Age range in the sample was from 18 to 20 (M=19, SD=.541). Instruments used in this research were: Life orientation test (LOT-R: Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) and Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS: Mayer, & Gaschke, 2013) in order to operationalize the mood of the respondents. The stimulus was a scene from the movie Sophie’s Choice, which aimed at inducing a negative affect. From the results we can conclude that the mood of the optimists, after watching movie stimuli, is corrputed, while the mood of the pesimists isn't.So, in the further studies which examine emotion induction through movies, we suggest the inclusion of optimism-pesimism as a control variable.Also, for further studies we suggest the involvement of actors and testing how they react to film stimuli.
What is the 'appropriate' fuel management regime for the Otway Ranges, Victoria, Australia? Developing a long-term fuel management strategy using the structured decision-making framework

The Otway Ranges contain many of the highest-wildfire-risk communities in Victoria, Australia. One of the chief risk mitigation measures in the Otway Ranges is planned burning. The location and amount of planned burning that is undertaken need to consider stakeholder perspectives that can be largely divergent, invoking difficult trade-offs for land-management agencies. The structured decision-making framework was utilised to select the most ‘appropriate’ 40-year cross-tenure fuel management strategy for the Otway Ranges. This paper details the approach undertaken to develop an optimised set of multi-objective fuel management strategies, identify suitable monetary and non-monetary objectives and calculate risk-weighted consequences using a range of modelling techniques. To underpin clarity in trade-offs and decision making, we emphasise the use of natural measures of performance for each candidate strategy against each objective, such as lives lost, species decline and economic losses associated with wildfire. This paper also highlights the role of stakeholder engagement throughout the decision-making process. We discuss the results of the formal trade-off process that was completed using an additive multi-objective value model to identify a preferred fuel management strategy for the Otway Ranges. The preferred strategy is currently used by local management agencies to guide operational planning and delivery.
Quantification of Movement Characteristics in Women’s English Premier Elite Domestic Rugby Union

Abstract This study aims were to determine the positional physical requirements of English domestic women’s rugby union match-play. Global positioning system data (Catapult Minimax S4) were collected at 10 Hz of 129 competitive player games from the Tyrrells Premier15 league. Players were classified according to broad (Forwards, Backs) and specific positions (front-, second-, back-row, scrum-half, inside-, and outside-backs). Total distances, maximum speed, and player loads were calculated. Mean total distance was 4982 m and was similar between the Forwards and Backs, with second-row players covering the most (5297 m) and outside-backs the least (4701 m). Inside- and outside-backs covered a significantly greater distance at high speed running (134 m; 178 m) and sprinting (74 m; 92 m) speeds, respectively, whereas the second- and back-row covered greater distances jogging (1966 m; 1976 m) and the front-row spent the greatest overall distance walking (2613 m). Outside-backs reached greater maximum speed than all other positions (24.9 km.h-1). The mean player load was highest in the back-row (562 AU) and second-row (555 AU) and these were higher than the outside-backs (476 AU). These findings indicate that the demands placed on female rugby players are position specific and differ from male players. Additionally, the data are the first obtained from the 10 Hz GPS and from within English domestic women’s rugby, thus adding to the overall limited data available on women’s rugby union.
Mental Reinstatement of Context
 : Do individual differences in mental time travel and eyewitness occupation influence eyewitness performance over different delay intervals?

The Cognitive Interview is a memory-enhancing interview protocol designed to optimize the access and retrieval of eyewitness memories. Its Mental Reinstatement of Context (MRC) component requires interviewees to mentally reconstruct the crime event they witnessed. Individual differences in mental time travel (MTT) relate to the extent to which a person mentally re-experiences personal events from his or her past. Individual differences in MTT have been found to predict correct recall of a simulated crime event under immediate MRC recall conditions. To explore the relationship between MTT and performance under MRC conditions further, the present study presented a simulated crime video to 30 police officers and 26 members of the public. Eyewitness recall was tested under MRC conditions either immediately or one week later. Participants’ general MTT and also MTT relating specifically to the crime video itself was measured via self-report. Less correct information and more confabulations were produced after one week but delay had no effect on the amount of incorrect information reported. No difference in recall was found between police officers and members of the public. Better quality MTT relating to the crime video was found to be a positive predictor of the amount of information correctly recalled under immediate conditions but not after one week. General MTT scores did not predict correct recall under either delay condition. Interviewers need to be aware that, due to individual differences, some witnesses may perform better under the MRC component than others.