Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of vimentin in breast carcinoma, its correlation with Ki67 and other histopathological parameters.

CONTEXT Vimentin is a mesenchymal marker, known to express in some epithelial carcinomas. AIMS 1. To find out the expression of vimentin in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast (not otherwise specified), 2. To find out the correlation between expression of vimentin and prognostic markers such as tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node status, proliferation index (measured by Ki 67), and Nottingham prognostic index (NPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Study was done at Department of Pathology; 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (NOS) were studied for tumor grade; immunohistochemistry was done using antibodies against vimentin and Ki 67. Percentages of positive cells were documented. An immunoscore was also calculated for vimentin. Vimentin expression was correlated with tumor size, lymph node status, Nottingham prognostic index, and Ki 67. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED statistical correlation was done using Pearson's chi-square test. A P value less than 0.01 was considered significant. RESULTS Vimentin expression was seen in 18% of cases. Its expression correlated with high tumor grade and high growth fraction (P value < 0.01). It did not correlate with lymph node status, tumor size, and NPI. CONCLUSIONS Increased vimentin expression is associated with bad prognostic factors. Immunohistochemistry with vimentin may be helpful in knowing the prognosis in cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast (NOS).
Blood Volume Changes in Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

Red‐cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) measurements were made in 15 patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema and related to the arterial oxygen tension (Po2) and the arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pco2) during the quiescent phase of the respiratory condition. It was found that the percentage increase in RCV was inversely related to the logarithm of the Po2 and that the change in RCV was similar to that of normal people living at various altitudes. The logarithm of Pco2 was directly related to the percentage increase in RCV and the Pco2 did not affect the erythropoietic response to hypoxia. The mean PV was significantly smaller than normal although increased in the two patients with heart failure. The relationship between the log Po2 and percentage change in PV did not reach significant levels. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Completely Isolated, Noncontiguous Duplication Cyst

Enteric duplication cysts are hollow, epithelium-lined, cystic, or tubular structures that are intimately attached to a portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Completely isolated duplication cysts are an extremely rare variety of gastrointestinal duplications with their own exclusive blood supply. Only two such previous cases have been reported in the literature so far. We report a third case of completely isolated, giant duplication cyst with a vascular pedicle in a four-day-old neonate with a review of the literature.
Hidden Markov Models Used for the Offline Classification of EEG Data - Hidden Markov-Modelle, verwendet zur Offline-Klassifikation von EEG-Daten

Hidden Markov models (HMM) are introduced for the offline classification of single-trail EEG data in a brain-computer-interface (BCI). The HMMs are used to classify Hjorth parameters calculated from bipolar EEG data, recorded during the imagination of a left or right hand movement. The effects of different types of HMMs on the recognition rate are discussed. Furthermore a comparison of the results achieved with the linear discriminant (LD) and the HMM, is presented.
A hospital-acquired outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection initiated by a surgeon carrier.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become an important hospital-acquired pathogen, infection with which often leads to major morbidity and mortality. The principal mode of transmission for MRSA is transfer of the organism from a carrier or infected patient to uninfected patients by the hands or clothing of staff. From January 16 1997 to April 2 1997, five patients who had undergone open-heart surgery in a hospital located in northern Taiwan, developed surgical wound infections and mediastinitis caused by MRSA. All patients were hospitalized in two adjacent surgical intensive care units (ICUs) following their respective operations. Consequently, the hospital's infection control team commenced investigation of the outbreak. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been shown to be a good technique for epidemiological typing. By analysing cultures taken from staff by PFGE, it was demonstrated that this outbreak was most likely to be initiated by a surgeon with MRSA carriage. After elimination of the carrier state using topical mupirocin treatment, the outbreak was controlled without further incident.
Reliable group communication in distributed systems

The design and implementation of a reliable group communication mechanism is presented. The mechanism guarantees a form of atomicity in that the messages are received by all operational members of the group or by none of them. Since the overhead in enforcing the order of messages is nontrivial, the mechanism provides two types of message transmission: one guarantees delivery of the messages in the same order to all members of a group, and the other guarantees only atomicity with messages delivered in some arbitrary order. The message-ordering property can be used to simplify distributed database and distributed processing algorithms. The mechanism can survive despite process, host, and communication failures. <<ETX>>
Hypoxia and etanidazole alter radiation-induced apoptosis in HL60 cells but not in MOLT-4 cells

Purpose : To examine how hypoxia influences ionizing irradiation-induced apoptosis in cultured mammalian cells and how a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer sensitizes apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Materials and methods : Two cell lines derived from human lymphocytes, HL60 and MOLT-4, were exposed to 15 Gy X-rays under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Etanidazole was used as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. The apoptotic morphological changes of nuclei and the induction of ladder-like DNA fragmentation were assessed by fluorescence microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Results : In HL60 cells, apototic cell death and the activation of caspases 8, 9 and 3 were less induced under the hypoxic conditions than under the aerobic ones. Treatment of hypoxic cells with etanidazole enhanced X-ray-induced apoptosis and caspase activation. However, in MOLT-4 cells, neither hypoxia nor etanidazole influenced X-ray-induced apoptosis and caspase activation. In both cell lines, the frequency of X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) under hypoxia was significantly smaller than that in aerobic conditions. Treatment of hypoxic cells with etanidazole enhanced them. Conclusion : These results suggested that X-ray-induced apoptosis in HL60 cells was initiated by DNA DSB and the treatment of hypoxic cells with etanidazole sensitized them through the enhancement of DSB induction, whereas X-ray-induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells occurred through damage other than to DNA.
Oscillatory Dynamics Underlying Perceptual Narrowing of Native Phoneme Mapping from 6 to 12 Months of Age

During the first months of life, human infants process phonemic elements from all languages similarly. However, by 12 months of age, as language-specific phonemic maps are established, infants respond preferentially to their native language. This process, known as perceptual narrowing, supports neural representation and thus efficient processing of the distinctive phonemes within the sound environment. Although oscillatory mechanisms underlying processing of native and non-native phonemic contrasts were recently delineated in 6-month-old infants, the maturational trajectory of these mechanisms remained unclear. A group of typically developing infants born into monolingual English families, were followed from 6 to 12 months and presented with English and Spanish syllable contrasts varying in voice-onset time. Brain responses were recorded with high-density electroencephalogram, and sources of event-related potential generators identified at right and left auditory cortices at 6 and 12 months and also at frontal cortex at 6 months. Time-frequency analyses conducted at source level found variations in both θ and γ ranges across age. Compared with 6-month-olds, 12-month-olds' responses to native phonemes showed smaller and faster phase synchronization and less spectral power in the θ range, and increases in left phase synchrony as well as induced high-γ activity in both frontal and left auditory sources. These results demonstrate that infants become more automatized and efficient in processing their native language as they approach 12 months of age via the interplay between θ and γ oscillations. We suggest that, while θ oscillations support syllable processing, γ oscillations underlie phonemic perceptual narrowing, progressively favoring mapping of native over non-native language across the first year of life. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During early language acquisition, typically developing infants gradually construct phonemic maps of their native language in auditory cortex. It is well known that, by 12 months of age, human infants move from universal discrimination of most linguistic phonemic contrasts to phonemic expertise in their native language. This perceptual narrowing occurs at the expense of the ability to process non-native phonemes. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that perceptual narrowing is, at least in part, accomplished by decreasing power and phase coherence in the θ range while increasing activity in high-γ in left auditory cortex. Understanding the normative neural mechanisms that support early language acquisition is crucial to understanding and perhaps ameliorating developmental language disorders.
Breast cancer precursors: diagnostic issues and current understanding on their pathogenesis

Summary The development of breast malignancy has been recognised to progress through a number of morphological precursor lesions. More recently, specific molecular alterations have been recognised in these precursor lesions. These changes appear to determine a specific malignant phenotype, which in turn, may realign the current opinion on the classification of breast cancer along molecular characteristics. This review will highlight the morphological features of these precursor lesions and their relationship to the complex molecular processes involved in their development.
Design of discontinuous switching sequences in the case of grid-connected three-level voltage-source converter

The paper studies discontinuous space-vector modulation and switching sequence design in the case of grid-connected three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage-source converter operating with low switching frequency. Discontinuous pulse-width modulation (DPWM) methods of two-level modulation theory are used in three-level modulation and the effect of discontinuous switching sequence design on the switching waveforms is examined. A simple method is presented to design and arrange the discontinuous switching sequences such that switching waveform symmetry is retained during the transitions between the subsectors of the space-vector diagram. It is demonstrated with hardware-in-the-loop simulations that the loss of switching waveform symmetry results in the distortion of grid current. The results show that with the help of the method proposed the switching sequences can be arranged so that switching waveform symmetry is retained.
Substructures and Polypeptides of Visna Virus

The protein of Visna virus, disrupted by 8 M guanidine hydrochloride and heating, was resolved into 10 polypeptides by agarose gel column chromatography in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Two of the peaks contained glycopolypeptides. Nonidet-disrupted virions were resolved into two fractions by potassium tartrate gradient centrifugation, with densities of 1.08 and 1.24 g/ml, respectively. About 70% of the viral DNA polymerase directed by added template was released into the light fraction, in which very little endogenous enzyme activity was detected. Also released into the light fraction were all of the glycopolypeptides, 50% of the viral RNA, and a part of each of the other viral protein components. The data indicate that extensive degradation of subviral structures occurred, even under mild conditions for virion disruption. The 1.24-g/ml fraction was composed of 50% of the viral RNA, most of the endogenous DNA polymerase activity (80%), and a major internal polypeptide (GuHCl6) with an estimated mol wt of 28,000. Two other polypeptides were also consistently detected in the heavy fraction, but they constituted less than 25% of the ribonucleoprotein complex, compared with 75% for GuHCl6.
Intracellular Penetration and Activity of DX-619 in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

ABSTRACT The intracellular penetration and activity of DX-619 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been evaluated. DX-619 reached intracellular concentrations 10 times higher than the extracellular concentrations reached. Uptake was rapid, reversible, nonsaturable, and affected by environmental temperature, some metabolic inhibitors, and a soluble membrane activator. DX-619 showed intracellular activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Competition Drives Specialization in Pollination Systems through Costs to Male Fitness

Specialization in pollination systems played a central role in angiosperm diversification, yet the evolution of specialization remains poorly understood. Competition through interspecific pollen transfer may select for specialization through costs to male fitness (pollen lost to heterospecific flowers) or female fitness (heterospecific pollen deposited on stigmas). Previous theoretical treatments of pollination focused solely on seed set, thus overlooking male fitness. Here we use individual‐based models that explicitly track pollen fates to explore how competition affects the evolution of specialization. Results show that plants specialize on different pollinators when visit rates are high enough to remove most pollen from anthers; this increases male fitness by minimizing pollen loss to foreign flowers. At low visitation, plants generalize, which minimizes pollen left undispersed in anthers. A model variant in which plants can also evolve differences in sex allocation (pollen/ovule production) produces similar patterns of specialization. At low visitation, plants generalize and allocate more to female function. At high visitation, plants specialize and allocate equally to both sexes (in line with sex‐allocation theory). This study demonstrates that floral specialization can be driven by selection through male function alone and more generally highlights the importance of community context in the ecology and evolution of pollination systems.
Turbulent pipe flow at Re τ ≈ 1000 : A comparison of wall-resolved large-eddy simulation , direct numerical simulation and hotwire experiment

Results are reported for wall-resolved large-eddy simulation of fully developed turbulent pipe flow with computational domain length 8πδ, performed using a spectral vanishing viscosity approach. Turbulence statistics are compared with direct numerical simulation and hot-wire experimental data at matched friction Reynolds number Reτ = 1002. Turbulence statistics of streamwise velocity show good agreement up to the fourth order. Analysis of the results from the transverse velocities and pressure components are also performed and found to compare well with direct numerical simulation data. The results highlight the feasibility of using wall-resolved large-eddy simulation to accurately investigate turbulent pipe flow at Reynolds numbers not currently feasible for direct numerical simulation. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Customer heterogeneity in operational e‐service design attributes: An empirical investigation of service quality

Purpose – This study aims to empirically examine whether heterogeneity in personal customer profiles translates to heterogeneity in the valued operational e‐service design attributes. It focuses on a key operational e‐service design attribute – service quality – by investigating whether customers with different profiles (demographics, pattern of use of the service, and pattern of channel use) attach different levels of importance to different dimensions of web site quality.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on path analysis of data collected from multiple sources in a commercial e‐service setting (e‐banking): data from an online survey of the customers of the e‐service; data stored in the transaction and log files generated by the operation of the e‐service over time; and data from the e‐service provider's customer database and back office IT systems.Findings – The results suggest that: customer demographics, pattern of service use, and pattern of channel use have no influence on the importa.
Inhibition of RecA-mediated cleavage in covalent dimers of UmuD

Disulfide-cross-linked UmuD2 derivatives were cleaved poorly upon incubation with activated RecA. Reducing the disulfide bonds prior to incubating the derivatives with RecA dramatically increased their extent of cleavage. These observations suggest that the UmuD monomer is a better substrate for the RecA-mediated cleavage reaction than the dimer.
Constitutive macropinocytosis allows TAP‐dependent major histocompatibility compex class I presentation of exogenous soluble antigen by bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells expanded from mouse bone marrow (BMDC) with granulocyte/macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor have potent T cell‐stimulatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. This has been well documented for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II‐restricted responses, and more recently using peptide‐loaded and protein‐pulsed DC for CD8 responses following adoptive transfer in mice. An unresolved question concerns the capacity of BMDC to present exogenous antigen on MHC class I molecules, an unconventional mode of MHC class I loading for which there is now considerable evidence, particularly in macrophages. Here, we show that BMDC exhibit high levels of macropinocytosis driven by constitutive membrane ruffling activity. Up to one‐third of actively ruffling and macropinocytosing BMDC transferred pinocytosed horseradish peroxidase into the cytosol following a 15‐min pulse, suggesting that they might be capable of presenting exogenous soluble antigen on MHC class I molecules. We show that BMDC presented exogenous ovalbumin to a T cell hybridoma more effectively, more rapidly, and at lower exogenous antigen concentrations than BM macrophages on a cell‐for‐cell basis. Presentation was TAP dependent, brefeldin A sensitive, and blocked by inhibitors of proteasomal processing, demonstrating use of the classical MHC class I pathway. Although effective presentation of exogenous antigen by BMDC occurred in the absence of agents which stimulate macropinocytosis, treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) enhanced both pinocytosis and MHC class I presentation by BMDC. Finally, PMA‐stimulated BMDC exposed to exogenous ovalbumin in vitro were able to prime an antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response following adoptive transfer in vivo.
The assembly of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins: an essential role for the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein

Raised plasma triacylglycerol is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and an understanding of factors which regulate the synthesis and degradation of lipoproteins which carry triacylglycerol in the blood may lead to novel approaches to the treatment of hypertriacylglycerolaemia. An active microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP) is essential for the assembly of particles which transport triacylglycerol through the circulation. After absorption in the intestine, dietary fat and fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into chylomicrons in the intestinal epithelial cells, and these lipoproteins reach the bloodstream via the lymphatic system. Patients with the rare genetic disorder, abetalipoproteinaemia, in which MTP activity is absent, present clinically with fat-soluble vitamin and essential fatty acid deficiency, indicating a key role for MTP in the movement of fat into the body. The triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein found in fasting blood, VLDL, is assembled in the liver by an MTP-dependent process similar to chylomicron assembly, and transports triacylglycerol to extra-hepatic tissues such as adipose tissue and heart. In the absence of MTP activity, VLDL are not synthesized and only extremely low levels of triacylglycerol are present in the blood. Dietary components, including fat, cholesterol and ethanol, can modify the expression of the MTP gene and, hence, MTP activity. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the role of MTP in the assembly and secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, and the regulation of its activity in both animal and cell systems.
[China coronary secondary prevention study (CCSPS)].

OBJECTIVE The mean level of serum cholesterol in Chinese population with coronary heart disease (CHD) is relatively lower compared to that of western population. Our study aimed to evaluate whether lipid-lowering therapy with Xuezhikang can reduce the risk of cardiac events and total mortality in Chinese CHD patients. METHODS This study was designed as a random, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial in 66 centers in China and was conducted from may, 1996 to December, 2003. 4870 CHD patients (serum cholesterol level 4.40 - 6.47 mmol/L, age 18 - 75 years, with definite myocardial infarction history) were selected and treated with capsule Xuezhikang (0.6 g Bid) or placebo in addition to conventional therapy (control group). The mean follow-up period was four years. The primary end-points were nonfatal myocardial infarction and deaths from CHD. RESULTS It has been shown at the end of the trial: (1) The incidence of the primary end-points were 5.72% in Xuezhikang treatment group and 10.41% in control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 45.1% for treatment group (P = 0.0000). Among the primary end points, the incidence of deaths from CHD was 3.79% in the treatment group and 5.49% in the control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 31.0% in treatment group (P < 0.0048); (2) The incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction reduced by 60.8% in treatment group compared to control group (1.93% vs 4.92%, P < 0.0000); (3) The incidence of the secondary end-points (stroke, tumor, PCI/CABG) also decreased by 31.1% in treatment group compared to control group (6.92% vs 10.04% P < 0.0004). Among the secondary end points, the demand for PCI/CABG was 3.01% in the treatment group and 4.51% in the control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 33.3% in treatment group (P = 0.097); (4) The total mortality was lower in treatment group than control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 33.0% in treatment group (5.19% vs 7.74% P = 0.0003). There were no significant differences in side effects and abnormal laboratory references between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared to placebo, Xuezhikang can significantly decrease the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and deaths from CHD. It can also reduce significantly the demand for PCI/CABG, the total mortality and the deaths from tumor.