Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration of human papillomavirus vaccination, cytology, and human papillomavirus testing

There is justifiable excitement about the recent introduction of prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 (HPV‐16) and HPV‐18. Preventing these infections theoretically could avert approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. In the U.S., numerous influential advocates are calling for universal vaccination of adolescent females. Given the promise of the vaccines, perhaps it is inevitable that vaccine introduction is proceeding before full consideration of how universal vaccination would affect existing, successful cervical cancer prevention programs. Determining the impact and cost effectiveness of the vaccines unavoidably will require time. Nevertheless, it is worth describing in broad terms for the readers of Cancer Cytopathology how successful, broad HPV vaccination of adolescent girls may affect cytology and HPV testing. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathology) 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The Sexual Objectification of Women in Advertising: A Contemporary Cultural Perspective

ABSTRACT This study measures attitudes of young women to sexually objectified advertising. A survey combining elements of two previous studies (Ford, LaTour, and Lundstrom, 1991; Mittal and Lassar, 2000) was administered to 94 female undergraduates. Results show significant (p < 0.001) changes in attitudes of young, educated women. Respondents agreed females were portrayed as sex objects in advertisements, but were less offended by these portrayals than female respondents in 1991. Results also show females' attitudes toward the advertisement have little effect on purchase intention, a highly significant change from attitudes of women in 1991.
Continuous-Flow Parameters , as Determined from the Analysis of Nine Standard Profile Curves from the AAIH

A hybridized system is described for the continuousflow determination of serum calcium. The analysis is based on the cresolphthalein colorimetric procedure as described for use with the SMA 12/60 (Technicon Corp.). The hydraulic features of the AutoAnalyzer II are used with modules of the AutoAnalyzer 1. This combination gives both the ease of operation and hydraulic improvements inherent in the AutoAnalyzer II system and provides an emergency alternative to the SMA 12/60, with which results are shown to be comparable.
Brain Temperature Alters Hydroxyl Radical Production during Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats

Selective neuronal cell death in the CA, pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and neurons of the dorsolateral striatum as a consequence of brain ischemia/reperfusion (IR) can be ameliorated with brain hypothermia. Since postischemic injury is mediated partially by chemical production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased ROS production may be one of the mechanisms responsible for cerebral protection by hypothermia. To determine if ischemic brain temperature alters ROS production, reversible IR was produced in rats by occlusion of both carotid arteries with hemorrhagic hypotension. After 15 min of ischemia, circulation was restored for 60 min. Brain temperature was maintained during ischemia at either 30, 36, or 39°C and kept at 36–37°C after reperfusion. Using cerebral microdialysis, we measured nonenzymatic hydroxylation of salicylate by HPLC with electrochemical detection in the hippocampus. CBF was also compared among the groups during IR. The results were that normothermic animals during reperfusion had persistently increased levels of the salicylate hydroxylation product, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), reaching 251% of control at 60 min. This increase in 2,3-DHBA production was potentiated after 60 min of reperfusion (406% of control) with ischemic hyperthermia. In hypothermic ischemia, 2,3-DHBA production at 60 min was attenuated to 160% of control. CBF decreased to ∼5% of baseline value during ischemia, but increased three- to four-fold relative to control in all three groups. Therefore, the effects of ischemic brain temperature on 2,3-DHBA production did not correlate with changes in CBF during IR. We conclude that brain-temperature-related changes in OH · production are readily detected in the rat and decreased ROS generation may contribute to cerebral protection afforded by hypothermia during brain ischemia.
Genetic variation influences on the early development of reactive emotions and their regulation by attention

Introduction. Individual differences in temperament and attention provide an important link between normal and pathological development. Previous studies suggest that during infancy, orienting of attention is associated with higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect. For older children and adults, self-regulation, as measured by ratings of effortful control, is consistently associated with lower levels of negative affect such as sadness and distress. Methods. In the current paper we use a longitudinal study of children at ages 6–7 months (Time 1) and 18–20 months (Time 2) to examine how variations in candidate genes relate to emotional and self-regulatory aspects of temperament. Results. In accord with previous findings, parent ratings of orienting were positively related to positive affect only during infancy. Genetic variation in COMT was related to positive affect at Time l but not Time 2. Negative affect at both Time 1 and Time 2 was related to genetic variation in SNAP25. Genetic variation in CHRNA4 was related to Effortful Control at Time 2. Conclusions. These findings lend support to the early modulation of emotion by aspects of orienting (Time 1) and executive attention (Time 2), and indicate that emotional reactivity and its regulation are modulated by different genes.
Murine renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (Methods in Renal Research Paper)

SUMMARY: Ischaemia/reperfusion is a major cause of acute kidney injury in native and transplant kidneys and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Murine models of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury have great potential to improve understanding of the underlying processes and are an important focus of ongoing research into therapeutic and preventative strategies. Like all experimental models, murine models of renal ischaemia/reperfusion are prone to significant variability and results may be influenced by a number of technical and design factors. In this article we review the factors that may influence experimental results and provide a guide to conducting reproducible experiments in murine renal ischaemia/reperfusion.
The XmnI and BCL11A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms May Help Predict Hydroxyurea Response in Iranian β-Thalassemia Patients

Hydroxyurea (HU), a drug which can reactivate fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) production, is frequently prescribed to β-thalassemia (β-thal) patients. However, transfusion requirements of only a subset of patients are reduced upon HU treatment. Because of its potential side-effects, targeted prescription of HU is imperative. To identify genetic markers that correlate with drug response, we have carried out a retrospective association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three Hb F quantitative trait loci (QTLs): the XmnI polymorphism, BCL11A, and the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region, with the response to HU in a cohort of 81 transfusion-dependent Iranian β-thal patients. An increase in blood transfusion intervals post-therapy was used to measure drug response. Our results suggest that presence of the XmnI T/T genotype or the BCL11A rs766432 C allele correlates strongly with response to HU (p <0.001). Accordingly, these markers may be used to accurately predict the HU response of Iranian β-thal patients.
Caregiver bodywork: family members' experiences of caring for a person with motor neurone disease.

AIM This paper reports a study of how family members caring for people living with motor neurone disease managed the deteriorating body, their own bodywork and the associated emotional labour. BACKGROUND People living with the neurodegenerative condition of motor neurone disease face the prospect of dying in 3-5 years from progressive loss of voluntary muscle mass and function, culminating in respiratory failure. Theories concerning the body in illness have been used to illustrate patient perspectives; however, family caregivers' experiences of the body have been neglected. METHOD An ethnographic case study was undertaken with 18 primary family caregivers and six peripheral caregivers. Primary caregivers participated over 10 months in three face-to-face, semi-structured interviews which included mapping their support networks using ecomaps. Observational data were also recorded as field notes. Peripheral caregivers were interviewed once during the same time period. The data were generated between 2003 and 2004. FINDINGS Informal caregiving requires engagement in various aspects of bodywork. Three body concepts were identified: the visible body--how the disease affected the patient and caregivers; the dependent body--the resulting care requirements; and the social body--how living with motor neurone disease affected their social support networks. The visible body is a continual reminder of the ravages of the disease, while the dependent body demands physical and emotional care. Social interactions decline over time, depriving family caregivers of the much needed support for sustaining their commitment to the bodywork required in caregiving. CONCLUSION The demands of bodywork for family caregivers are increased by the continual presence of emotional labour as they seek to implement the best way to support their relative with motor neurone disease. Nurses and allied healthcare workers need to assess each family situation, asking appropriate questions to establish the most appropriate interventions to facilitate supportive care.
The use of organic solvents at low temperature for the separation of enzymes; application to aqueous rabbit muscle extract.

Enzymes may be separated and purified by a number of methods, such as fractional adsorption and precipitation. The most widely used method has been that of salting out the proteins with neutral salts review of the coefficient rather characteristics, the and of determined according to the chemical method described by Green & Cori (1948). Enolase. The rate of formation of phospho-enolpyruvic acid from 2-phosphoglyceric acid was measured in the Beckman spectrophotometer by change of absorption at 240 m,u. (Warburg & Christian, 1941). 2-Phosphoglyceric acid was prepared by Kiessling's method from sodium f- phosphoglycerate, as described by Warburg & Christian (1941). Creatinephosphokina8e. The synthesis of phosphocreatine from adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and creatine was deter- mined as follows: the reaction mixture consisted of 0 05M-glycine buffer at pH 8-8, 0-05m-NaF (to inhibit at least partly any adenosinetriphosphatase and phosphatase present), 0-005M-Mg++, 0-02M-creatine, 0 03M-cysteine (neutralized), 0-005m-ATP and the enzyme fraction. Samples (1 ml.) were removed at zero time and after 2 and 5 min. incubation at 300, and added to 5 ml. trichloroacetic acid. Inorganic phosphate was determined after the hydrolysis of phospho- creatine in N-H2SO4 in the presence of molybdate for 45 min. at temperature An increase in phosphate was due to the formation since the values remained unchanged under the same con- ditions in the absence of creatine. aldolase, triosephosphate dehydrogenase,
Quantitative dating of Pleistocene deposits of the Kyrenia Range, northern Cyprus: implications for timing, rates of uplift and driving mechanisms

The Kyrenia Range underwent tectonically driven uplift during the Pliocene to Pleistocene in response to the interaction of various tectonic processes. To understand the tectonic processes driving the uplift and how this is related to uplift of other areas of the Eastern Mediterranean, uranium-series disequilibrium and optically stimulated luminescence dating were applied to marine and non-marine terrace deposits exposed on the northern flank of the range. Palaeomagnetism and strontium isotope dating were used in conjunction to date the final stages of the marine environment adjacent to the Kyrenia Range prior to major surface uplift. Uplift rates range from >1.2 mm a−1, inferred during the Early Pleistocene, to <0.2 mm a−1 during the Late Pleistocene. The new data show that the Kyrenia Range was uplifted contemporaneously with the Troodos Massif in southern Cyprus. The uplift of the Kyrenia Range appears to have been significantly faster than that affecting other comparable regions in the easternmost Mediterranean during the Pleistocene (e.g. Lebanon coast; southern Anatolian plateau). The driving mechanism for the uplift of both the Kyrenia Range and the Troodos Massif is inferred to be the collision of the Eratosthenes Seamount with the Cyprus trench to the south of Cyprus. Supplementary material: Details of the methods used are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.3260977.
Transport of Methotrexate into Normal Haemopoietic Cells and into Leukaemic Cells and its Effects on DNA Synthesis

Summary. Methotrexate uptake by, and action on normal and leukaemic haemopoietic cells has been studied. Peak uptake occurred just prior to peak DNA synthesis, at 48 hr for normal, and at 6–7 days for chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Uptake of methotrexate into these cells and into normal bone marrow cells was consistently inhibited by dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5’adenosine monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) at concentrations of 10−3 to 10−5m and by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (theophylline, puromycin aminonucleoside and puromycin). Lower external concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10−5 to 10−6m), however, slightly increased the uptake of methotrexate.
Sensor Intercalibration Over Dome C for the ESA GlobAlbedo Project

The response of a variety of Earth observation satellite sensors from multiple platforms, as well as different sensors on the same platform, were cross-compared over Dome C in Antarctica. A single unified methodology was employed to remove geometric, temporal, and atmospheric biases between different sensors with a range of spatial resolutions, bandwidths, and overpass times. The result assumes no “correct” baseline value, only relative responses. The resulting responses of the sensors, namely, AATSR, MERIS, and VEGETATION 2, are here presented and, where overlap occurs, compared with the results from other groups. In addition to applying the Quality Assurance for Earth Observation protocols for the quality assurance of environmental monitoring satellites, this paper discusses the intercalibration of several sensors used to establish the technical basis of the ESA GlobAlbedo project.
Perspectives in the Field of Morphogenesis

This article contains essentially the text of an address on "The Outlook in Morphogenesis" delivered by the author at the International Symposium on Morphogenesis held under the auspices of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Strasbourg in July 1949. A French abstract will appear in the Proceedings of the Symposium. Having the character of an essay, this paper does not aim to "cover" any particular ground. Topics and examples have been chosen for illustrative expediency, rather than on absolute merit. Citations of literature are confined, as far as possible, to recent reviews and monographs, and original articles are quoted only when special documentation appears to be particularly pertinent.
Risk factor profile of coronary artery disease in black South Africans

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factor profile of coronary artery disease (CAD) in black South Africans. The study was motivated by the increased prevalence of CAD in South Africa, probably as a result of urbanisation. Despite this increase, however, very little is known regarding the cause, risk factor profile and clinical presentations of CAD in the black South African population. Design: A case control study was performed investigating 40 (33 men, 7 women) angiographically defined CAD patients and 20 (13 men and 7 women) age and body composition matched controls. Results: There was no difference in physical activity, sociodemographic factors or dietary intakes between the CAD and control group, except for the CAD patients consuming less vit C (40.9 vs 61.3 mg). The CAD group had significantly higher LDL-C, fasting glucose and CRP. There was also a significantly higher prevalence of smokers (35 vs 10%), hypertension (95 vs 75%) small dense LDL (73 vs 15%) and insulin resistance (M-value of 4.15 vs 12.5 mg/kg/min) in the CAD compared to the control group. In a logistic regression model, small dense LDL and insulin resistance were the main predictors of CAD. Conclusions: Black South African CAD patients had increased levels of the same risk factors that are typically seen in Caucasians with insulin resistance and small dense LDL being particularly significant in their contribution.
Adipose tissue lipin-1 expression is correlated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene expression and insulin sensitivity in healthy young men.

CONTEXT Lipin-1 functions in adipocyte triglyceride biosynthesis and in the regulation of gene expression, both of which may influence metabolic homeostasis. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether variations in adipose tissue lipin-1 expression levels influence insulin sensitivity and gene expression in young healthy human subjects. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS In 56 healthy young men (22.6 +/- 3.2 yr; 26.4 +/- 4.1 kg/m2) we determined insulin sensitivity by a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and whole body oxygen consumption and respiratory quotient by indirect calorimetry. We performed gene expression analysis in adipose tissue samples from human subjects and from lipin-1 transgenic mice using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS In healthy young men, lipin-1 expression was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (R2 = 0.22; P < 0.01), insulin-stimulated respiratory quotient (R2 = 0.16; P < 0.01), and maximal oxygen consumption during exercise (R2 = 0.16; P < 0.01). Lipin-1 mRNA levels were also correlated with expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation, uptake, and lipolysis, both in humans and in lipin-1 transgenic mice. The strongest correlation occurred between lipin-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (R2 = 0.74; P < 1 x 10(-7)), a nuclear receptor with a key role in fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSION Lipin-1 expression levels in adipose tissue of healthy young subjects and in mice are correlated with a favorable metabolic profile and expression of fatty acid oxidation genes.
Dimer Dissociation Is Essential for Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Binding to CXCR1 Receptor*

Chemokines play a fundamental role in trafficking of immune cells and in host defense against infection. The role of chemokines in the recruitment process is highly regulated spatially and temporally and involves interactions with G protein-coupled receptors and cell surface glycosaminoglycans. The dynamic equilibrium between chemokine monomers and dimers, both free in solution and in cell surface-bound forms, regulates different components of recruitment such as chemotaxis and receptor signaling. The binding and activity of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) for its receptors, previously studied using “trapped” non-associating monomers and non-dissociating dimers, show that the monomer has a native-like function but support conflicting roles for the dimer. We have measured the binding of native IL-8 to the CXCR1 N-domain, using isothermal titration calorimetry and sedimentation equilibrium techniques. The N-domain constitutes a critical binding site, and IL-8 binding affinity to the receptor N-domain is in the same concentration range as the IL-8 monomerdimer equilibrium. We observed that only the IL-8 monomer, and not the dimer, is competent in binding the receptor N-domain. Based on our results, we propose that IL-8 dimerization functions as a negative regulator for the receptor function and as a positive regulator for binding to glycosaminoglycans and that both play a role in the neutrophil recruitment process.
The fetal origins hypothesis—10 years on

Events before birth remain important, but we need to consider later modifiers too E pidemiological studies have largely contributed to our understanding of the natural history of coronary heart disease. Although clinical manifestations of the disease usually become evident in adult life, early signs are recognisable in childhood. The discovery that individuals who develop coronary heart disease grow differently during early life has led to the recognition of new developmental models for the disease. In 1995 David Barker wrote: “The fetal origins hypothesis states that fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation, which leads to disproportionate fetal growth, programmes later coronary heart disease. ”1 Now, 10 years later, the importance of events before birth for lifetime health has been confirmed in many populations.2–4 In humans, birth size serves as a marker of the intrauterine environment. Considering that birth size is just one snapshot of the trajectory of fetal growth it is fascinating that long term …
On the Impact of Multipath Interference Noise in All-Raman Dispersion-Compensated Links

The impact of multipath interference (MPI) in all-Raman multispan dispersion-compensated links operating at 42.67 Gb/s was studied. D+/D- and D+/D-/D+ compensation schemes were considered using different fiber sets. Optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalties due to MPI were calculated for several backward-pumped system configurations, imposing system target OSNR levels suitable for intensity modulation with direct detection (IMDD) and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK). The analysis in this paper confirmed that the D+/D-/D+ OSNR penalty is typically much less than that of the D+/D- scheme. The authors then estimated the increase due to MPI in the number of spans required to satisfy a target OSNR for a given total link length, taking into account Kerr nonlinearities. It turned out that such an increase can be very significant (up to 15%-20%) with the D+/D- scheme and lower but nonnegligible (5%-10%) with the D+/D-/D+ schemes. The analysis confirms that, to substantially curtail the span increase, both forward and backward pumping should be adopted, as recent experimental results have shown. Finally, at the lower OSNR levels required by DPSK with respect to IMDD, the impact of MPI was shown to be smaller across all configurations