Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Upper Airway Complications Secondary to Intubation: Cuff Pressure Manometer Versus Conventional Palpation Method

Objectives: General anesthesia is preferred in most otorhinolaryngologic surgeries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate upper airway complications secondary to intubation including sore throat, cough, dysphonia, and dysphagia considering endotracheal tube (ET) cuff pressure, tube diameter, and duration of intubation. Methods: After the assignment of 67 patients to the study and control groups, ET cuff pressure was adjusted to be between 20 and 30 cm H2O using a cuff pressure manometer in the study group. In the control group, the cuff pressure was decided by the anesthesiologist using the conventional palpation method. Sore throat, cough, dysphonia, and dysphagia were compared between the groups at 4, 8, and 24 h postoperatively. Results: Cuff pressure was significantly higher in the control group than in the study group. In the control group, sore throat was more frequently observed at 4, 8, and 24 h, whereas in the study group, cough and dysphonia were more often observed at 4 and 8 h. At 4 and 8 h, cough was found to be related to the duration of intubation. Conclusion: Arrangement of cuff pressure using a cuff manometer is suggested to decrease complications of the upper airway secondary to intubation because of the higher rate of these complaints in patients whose cuff pressure is arranged by the conventional palpation method.
Business cycles and crime. the case of Argentina

This study focus on the relationship between crime and business cycle in Argentina, at national and provincial level, using monthly time series for the period 1999-2008. For that end we examine the presence of common factors (interpreted as cyclical components) driving the dynamics of a set of types of crimes and monthly economic activity indicators (EMAE and ISAP). By means of Dynamic Factor Models we identify which type of crime is related to business cycle and if these crimes are leading, lagging or coincident. We find a strong counter-cyclical relationship between total and property crime rates and its typologies and business cycle. Additionally these series are slightly lagged with respect to business cycle. On the other hand, crimes against persons are found to be pro-cyclical and coincident.
Craniometric analysis of foramen magnum with reference to occipital condyles for the determination of sex using dry human skulls

Identification of an individual is of utmost importance in conditions of natural calamities or man-made disasters. [1] In such cases, the damaged dead bodies or its remains or the skeletal parts and bones found post a question of identification. For doing so, the determination of gender of the remains is the first line of delineation. Apart from these situations, the identification of sex from human remains a primary importance in forensic medicine, especially in criminal investigations, in the identification of missing persons, in anthropology, and in attempts at reconstructing the lives of ancient populations. [2] Thus, the determination of sex is statistically the most Research Article
Prediction of Evaporation Losses in Wet Cooling Towers

The accurate prediction of all aspects of cooling tower behavior is very important. Accurately predicting evaporation losses is significant because water in cooling towers is cooled primarily through the evaporation of a portion of the circulating water, which causes the concentration of dissolved solids and other impurities to increase. An empirical relation is developed on the basis of ASHRAE's rule of thumb that is simple and accurate with a wide range of applicability. The predicted values are in good agreement with experimental data as well as predictions made by an accurate mathematical model.
Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Learning , Volume 11 , 1984 115 A PATH ANALYTIC STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE PEDAGOGIES

An experiment comparing the use of: written answers to discussion questions; group case analysis, experiential exercise; and microcomputer simulation is conducted. As hypothesized, no meaningful increases in learning occur for the more participative methods over the one-way approach. Significant gains in attitudes are found, however. The application of path analysis reveals causal linkages among attitude components for the various teaching methods. Also, the suggestion of negative moderator effects played by attitude on learning is revealed. The authors discuss two possible explanations for this finding.
The Quantification of Stream Drift

Although the purpose of many drift studies is to describe quantitatively the abundance of drifting invertebrates and make comparisons between seasons or sites, almost no investigations have employed replicate sampling. We analyzed drift collections from a Rocky Mountain stream in order to investigate the variability of drift sampling. The data were normalized and the variances stabilized for each taxon examined by data transformation. The fourth root transformation was favored for five taxa and the logarithmic transformation for three. Using the 95% confidence limits on 24-h drift density for an abundant mayfly (Baetis bicaudatus), we found that six to seven replicates are required to obtain 95% CL ± 50% of the mean. Drift sampling appears to require fewer replicates than benthic sampling for comparable precision. Investigators may fail to replicate drift samples because they elect to sample frequently over 24 h in order to quantify the diel periodicity of drift. However, when comparison between sites or .
Correlation of intra partum electronic fetal monitoring with neonatal outcome

Background: The importance of fetal monitoring during labour has been realized since long. The stress of uterine contractions may affect the fetus adversely especially if the fetus is already compromised, when the placental reserves are suboptimal, or when cord undergoes compression as in those associated with diminished liquor amnii or iatrogenic uterine hyperstimulation due to injudicious use of oxytocin. Even a fetus which is apparently normal in the antenatal period may develop distress during labour. Hence fetal monitoring during antepartum and intrapartum periods is of vital importance for timely detection of fetal distress so that appropriate management may be offered. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study included 100 patients of more than 34 weeks period of gestation were divided into two groups. Patients in labour were analyzed on an Electronic Monitor. Delivery conducted was either by vaginal route, instrumental or by caesarean section depending upon the fetal heart rate tracings and their interpretations as per the case. At the time of delivery umbilical cord blood was taken for the pH analysis. All new born babies were seen by the paediatrician immediately after the delivery and 1 and 5 minute APGAR score assessed for the delivered baby. The various EFM Patterns obtained were compared with the neonatal status at birth using the parameters already mentioned. The false positives and false negatives if any were tabulated. Data so obtained was analyzed statistically thereafter. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13.0 was used for the purpose of analysis. Results: Results revealed that among the 50 subjects of the case group, 7 subjects showed the absence of the beat to beat variability, 12 subjects showed early deceleration, 32 subjects showed late deceleration, and 6 subjects showed the presence of variable deceleration. No significant association of beat to beat variability, early and variable deceleration could be established with meconium staining/NICU admissions/low APGAR. A significant positive association between persistent late deceleration with MSL, APGAR <7 at 1 min, and Instrumental/LSCS delivery was seen. A significant positive association between any CTG abnormality and APGAR at 1 min, type of delivery, and meconium staining was seen. Conclusions: EFM should be used judiciously. Cardiotocography machines are certainly required in the labour room. Equally important is the proper interpretation of the CTG tracings so that unjustified caesarean sections can be minimized, at the same time picking up cases of fetal distress in time which is likely to improve fetal outcome.
Effect of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Ferula asafoetida Oleo-Gum Resin on the Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Thepotentialantidiabeticeﬀectsof medicinalplantsareinvestigatedsincelongagobyresearchersinmedicine. Ferulaasafoetida ,asamedicinalherb,istraditionallyusedforthetreatmentof asthma,epilepsy,stomachpain,bloating,anddiabetes. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the eﬀect of ethyl acetate extract of F. asafoetida on the glucose level and lipid proﬁle in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The F. asafoetida extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to diabetic rats once daily for a 28-day period. The diabetic control group received the extract solvent as a vehicle by the same manner. Serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-densitylipoprotein(LDL),andhigh-densitylipoprotein(HDL)weremeasuredonthedays0, 17, and31of the intervention. In addition, animals’ weight changes were monitored during the experiment. Results: The F.asafoetida extractsigniﬁcantlyreducedserumglucose,triglycerides,cholesterol,andLDLlevelsindiabeticrats,com-paredtothecontrols. Moreover,theweight-lossobservedindiabeticanimalsreceivingtheextractwasinsigniﬁcant. Theextracthad no eﬀect on the serum HDL level. Conclusions: Ferulaasafoetida inﬂuencedserumglucosedecreaseandimprovedlipidproﬁleindiabeticanimals. However,further research should be conducted on the mechanisms of actions of F. asafoetida extract.
An update on preclinical models of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: Insights into disease mechanisms

Endoglin (ENG) is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) where it efficiently binds circulating BMP9 and BMP10 ligands to initiate activin A receptor like type 1 (ALK1) protein signalling to protect the vascular architecture. Patients heterozygous for ENG or ALK1 mutations develop the vascular disorder known as hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Many patients with this disorder suffer from anaemia, and are also at increased risk of stroke and high output heart failure. Recent work using animal models of HHT has revealed new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms causing this disease. Loss of the ENG (HHT1) or ALK1 (HHT2) gene in ECs leads to aberrant arteriovenous connections or malformations (AVMs) in developing blood vessels. Similar phenotypes develop following combined EC specific loss of SMAD1 and 5, or EC loss of SMAD4. Taken together these data point to the essential role of the BMP9/10-ENG-ALK1-SMAD1/5-SMAD4 pathway in protecting the vasculature from AVMs. Altered directional migration of ECs in response to shear stress and increased EC proliferation are now recognised as critical factors driving AVM formation. Disruption of the ENG/ALK1 signalling pathway also affects EC responses to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and crosstalk between ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells. It is striking that the vascular lesions in HHT are both localised and tissue specific. Increasing evidence points to the importance of a second genetic hit to generate biallelic mutations, and the sporadic nature of such somatic mutations would explain the localised formation of vascular lesions. In addition, different pro-angiogenic drivers of AVM formation are likely to be at play during the patient’s life course. For example, inflammation is a key driver of vessel remodelling in postnatal life, and may turn out to be an important driver of HHT disease. The current wealth of preclinical models of HHT has led to increased understanding of AVM development and revealed new therapeutic approaches to treat AVMs, and form the topic of this review.
ESA SEPEM Project: Peak Flux and Fluence Model

A new modeling methodology for the prediction of the solar proton environment a 1 AU developed as part of the Solar Energetic Particle Environment (SEPEM) Project for the European Space Agency (ESA) is presented. This new method named Virtual Timelines is applied to the SEPEM Reference Event List derived from a long flux time series of space-based measurements to produce the SEPEM model for proton peak flux and fluence at 1 AU. There are several new components including the use of the Lévy distribution for time distributions and the accounting for the non-point-like nature of SEP events.
GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTER METALLICITY SCALE FROM THE CA II TRIPLET I. CATALOG

We have obtained 2640 CCD spectra with resolution ∼4~Å\ in the region 7250--9000~Å\ for 976 stars lying near the red giant branches in color-magnitude diagrams of 52 Galactic globular clusters. Radial velocities of ∼16 \kms\ accuracy per star determined from the spectra are combined with other criteria to assess quantitative membership probabilities. Measurements of the equivalent widths of the infrared calcium triplet lines yield a relative metal-abundance ranking with a precision that compares favorably to other techniques. Regressions between our system and those of others are derived. Our reduction procedures are discussed in detail, and the resultant catalog of derived velocities and equivalent widths is presented. The metal abundances derived from these data will be the subject of a future pape.
Construction of Network Error Correction Codes in Packet Networks

Recently, network error correction coding (NEC) has been studied extensively. Several bounds in classical coding theory have been extended to NEC, especially the Singleton bound. In this paper, following the research line using the extended global encoding kernels proposed by Zhang in 2008, the refined Singleton bound of NEC can be proved more explicitly. Moreover, we give a constructive proof of the attainability of this bound and indicate that the required field size for the existence of network maximum distance separable (MDS) codes can become smaller further. By this proof, an algorithm is proposed to construct general linear network error correction codes including the linear network error correction MDS codes. Finally, we study the error correction capability of random linear NEC. Motivated partly by the performance analysis of random linear network coding, we evaluate the different failure probabilities defined in this paper in order to analyze the performance of random linear NEC. Several upper bounds on these probabilities are obtained and they show that these probabilities will approach to zero as the size of the base field goes to infinity. Using these upper bounds, we slightly improve on the probability mass function of the minimum distance of random linear network error correction codes in a paper by Balli and colleagues, as well as the upper bound on the field size required for the existence of linear network error correction codes with degradation at most d.
The Eyeballs Have it: Searching for the Value in Internet Stocks

In this paper we provide insights into the manner in which (relatively sparse) accounting information, along with measures of internet usage, are employed by the market in the valuation of internet firms. Consistent with those who claim that financial statement information is of very limited use in the valuation of internet stocks, we are unable to detect a significant positive association between bottom-line net income and our sample firms' market prices; in fact, the association is actually negative. However, when we decompose net income into its components, we find gross profits to be positively and significantly associated with prices. In addition, both unique visitors and pageviews, as measures of internet usage, are found in most instances to provide incremental explanatory power (in some cases considerable) for stock prices. We also separately analyze the e-tailers, and the portal and content/community firms (the p/c firms) in our sample. For the e-tailers we find that bottom-line net income generally has a negative association with stock prices (as for the sample as a whole), while a positive and significant association exists for the p/c firms. In this respect, p/c firms' shares behave more like those of non-internet companies. Further, we find for the p/c firms that the incremental explanatory power of pageviews and of unique visitors is approximately the same; in contrast, pageviews has much greater incremental explanatory power for the e-tailers than does unique visitors. This suggests that pages viewed per visitor is an especially important metric for the e-tailers, as compared to the p/c firms.
Climate Contributors to Forest Mosaics: Ecological Persistence Following Wildfire

Abstract It is hypothesized that climate impacts forest mosaics through dynamic ecological processes such as wildfires. However, climate-fire research has primarily focused on understanding drivers of fire frequency and area burned, largely due to scale mismatches and limited data availability. Recent datasets, however, allow for the investigation of climate influences on ecological patch metrics across broad regions independent of area burned and at finer scale. One area of particular interest is the distribution of fire refugia within wildfire perimeters. Although much recent research emphasis has been placed on high-severity patches within wildfires, unburned and low-severity patches provide critical remnant habitat and serve as seed sources to initiate colonization and succession in recently burned landscapes. These patches of persistence also may yield insights into approaches for developing fire-resilient landscapes by forest managers and communities seeking to reduce wildfire hazard. Here, we present results showing no decline in proportion of persistent patches in three study areas surrounding National Parks in the western United States, even as research and anecdotal information suggests that fires have become larger and more severe. We also show climate linkages to metrics of persistence that echo previous findings in climate-fire research, and we introduce a framework for addressing global change impacts on forest pattern more broadly. Specifically, we discuss the interactions of multiple drivers at landscape scales and the need to disaggregate relative influences using mixed methods that can address both social and ecological phenomenon.
“Water-in-salt” electrolyte enables high-voltage aqueous lithium-ion chemistries

A concentrated effort for battery safety Aqueous electrolytes are limited to run below 1.23 V to avoid degradation. Suo et al. smash through this limit with an aqueous salt solution containing lithium (Li) bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide to create an electrolyte that has an electrochemical window of 3 V (see the Perspective by Smith and Dunn). They used extremely high-concentration solutions, which suppressed hydrogen evolution and electrode oxidation. At these concentrations, the Li solvation shell changes because there simply is not enough water to neutralize the Li+ charge. Thus, flammable organic electrolytes could potentially be replaced with a safer aqueous alternative. Science, this issue p. 938; see also p. 918 The electrochemical stability window of an aqueous electrolyte is expanded to 3 volts. [Also see Perspective by Smith and Dunn] Lithium-ion batteries raise safety, environmental, and cost concerns, which mostly arise from their nonaqueous electrolytes. The use of aqueous alternatives is limited by their narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 volts), which sets an intrinsic limit on the practical voltage and energy output. We report a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte whose window was expanded to ~3.0 volts with the formation of an electrode-electrolyte interphase. A full lithium-ion battery of 2.3 volts using such an aqueous electrolyte was demonstrated to cycle up to 1000 times, with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency at both low (0.15 C) and high (4.5 C) discharge and charge rates.
Morphology control synthesis of nano rods and nano ovals CaCO3 particle systems

Abstract Uniform fine particles of CaCO3 in nano rod and nano oval morphology were synthesized by carbonation and controlled precipitation methods. For this, commercially available cheap source of quicklime was used as a starting reactant against different precipitants, i.e., CO2, Na2CO3 and (NH4)2CO3. The effect of precipitating agent and various other experimental conditions on particle size and shape was systematically studied. The reaction parameters were extensively optimized for the generation of novel morphologies of CaCO3 ultrafine particle systems in a reproducible manner. The synthesized material was characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, and TGA/DTA techniques. Cubic and spherical shape particles were produced by using Na2CO3 and (NH4)2CO3 respectively as a precipitating agents. Agitation of the reaction mixture by sonication and mechanical stirring affected the particle uniformity. Furthermore, unique novel morphologies of CaCO3 particles in rod and oval shapes were synthesized from carbonation of Ca(OH)2 at low temperature with a flow rate of 0.6 L/min in the absence and presence of K2SO4 respectively. The XRD results showed single phase formation of calcite for both morphologies, while the preferred orientation of XRD peak was observed at (104) plane. The calculated activation energy showed thermal stability of the synthesized oval shape CaCO3 particles over the rod shape particle morphology. Graphical Abstract
AKARI/IRC source catalogues and source counts for the IRAC Dark Field, ELAIS North and the AKARI Deep Field South

We present the first detailed analysis of three extragalactic fields (IRAC Dark Field, ELAIS-N1, ADF-S) observed by the infrared satellite, AKARI, using an optimized data analysis toolkit specifically for the processing of extragalactic point sources. The InfaRed Camera (IRC) on AKARI complements the SpitzerSpace Telescope via its comprehensive coverage between 8–24 μm filling the gap between the Spitzer/IRAC and MIPS instruments. Source counts in the AKARI bands at 3.2, 4.1, 7, 11, 15 and 18 μm are presented. At near-infrared wavelengths, our source counts are consistent with counts made in other AKARI fields and in general with SpitzerIRAC (except at 3.2 μm where our counts lie above). In the mid-infrared (11 – 18 μm), we find our counts are consistent with both previous surveys by AKARI and the Spitzer peak-up imaging survey with the InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS). Using our counts to constrain contemporary evolutionary models, we find that although the models and counts are in agreement at mid-infrared wavelengths there are inconsistencies at wavelengths shortward of 7 μm, suggesting either a problem with stellar subtraction or indicating the need for refinement of the stellar population models. We have also investigated the AKARI/IRC filters, and find an active galactic nucleus selection criteria out to z < 2 on the basis of AKARI 4.1, 11, 15 and 18 μm colours.
Skewness in Expected Macro Fundamentals and the Predictability of Equity Returns: Evidence and Theory

This paper provides robustness checks and analytical derivations to supplement the material presented in the paper Skewness in Expected Macro Fundamentals and the Predictability of Equity Returns: Evidence and Theory.The paper to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2185659