Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Nonlinear Properties and Carrier Plasma Effect at Low Carrier Density in Silicon Wire Waveguides

Ultrafast dynamics of amplitude and phase in a silicon wire waveguide are measured by a heterodyne pump probe technique at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. We determined the two-photon absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index to be β<sub>TPA</sub> = 0.43 cm/GW and n<sub>2</sub> = 2.0 × 10<sup>18</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/W, respectively. A theoretical analysis indicates that the index change due to the carrier plasma effect is linear to the carrier density when it is low as in the case of optical injection.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Pregnancy Rate in Frozen- thawed Embryo Transfer

Objective To analyse factors influencing the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET)Method A retrospective analysis was performed in our center on 129 thawing cycles from March 2001 to April 2003. The related parameters were compared between conceived and non-conceived cycles.Results There were totally 129 clinical pregnancies in these transfers (pregnancy rate: 27.1％). Frozen-thawed embryos were transferred to natural cycles and CC cycling and hormone replacement treatment had equal success. Groups of IVF and ICSI did not differ significantly in pregnancy rates (P＞0. 05). The pregnancy rates for one, two, three and four pre-embryos transfer were 0, 20.0％,44.1％ and 75.0％,respectively (P＜0. 05). There were statistical differences between pregnancy group or non- pregnancy group in the endometrial thickness, CES, CES/No. Of embryo. A higher pregnancy rate was observed in embryo transfers which had at least one 4-cell grade I embryo (d 2)(P＜0.01). Conclusions The most important factors influencing the implantation rate and pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryo transfer are age, endometrium thickness, and the number, morphology and growth rate of transferred frozen embryos of women participants.
The embryonic history of the germ cells of the largemouth black bass, Micropterus salmoides salmoides (Lacépède)

An extensive literature has accumulated dealing with the early history of the germ cells in animals and, although the initial studies were concerned with invertebrate groups, some of the more complete ones have dealt with vertebrates. Interest in this problem was stimulated when it seemed imperative that the germ cells must remain unchanged from generation to generation in order to pass on the hereditary characteristics of the species. Theoretically, therefore, the germ cells must be set aside at some early stage of development and withheld from the assumption of any somatic duties. Although it is possible to trace the germ cells back to early stages of development in certain of the invertebrates (Ascaris, Miastor, Sagitta and others), such is not the case for the vertebrates. The only example of such an early segregation for these forms is that of Micrometrus nggregafzrs reported by Eigenmann in 1891. I n this form, it was claimed by Eigenmann that the germ cells could be recognized as distinct from the soma as early as the 5th or 6th segmentation. Although others have tried, none has succeeded in the years
Frontal lobe neglect in man

“My hypothesis is that the frontal lobes are the seat of coordination and fusion of the incoming and outgoing products of the several sensory and motor areas of the cortex. ” Bianchi (1895)’ made this hypothesis after excising the frontal lobes in animals and observing rotary movements t o the side of the lesion and a visual disturbance that appeared as a contralateral hemianopia. Kennard’ showed that there was also a loss of cutaneous sensitivity in these animals, and Kennard and Ectors3 proposed that the visual defect was more a hemianopia in which an object is disregarded than a true hemianopia. Welch and Stuteville4 found that with lesions of the posterior part of the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus, their monkeys had unilateral neglect t o all sensory modalities tested. Although many investigators have produced and described frontal neglect in monkeys, unilateral frontal neglect has not been described in man other than in the two cases of pseudohemianopia described by Halstead’ and ThiebauL6 The purpose of this study was t o assess patients with frontal lobe lesions to establish the p r e s e n c e of unilateral neglect hemispatial agnosia, inattention, and extinction t o simultaneous stimuli -and to relate these findings t o other known phenomena attributed t o frontal lobe disease. Patients admitted t o the University of Florida Teaching Hospital o r Boston City Hospital during 1969 and 1970 who demonstrated lesions confined to the frontal lobes, as demonstrated by brain scan or postmortem examination, were included in this series. Six cases of unilateral neglect were uncovered (see table). The anatomic loci of the lesions were determined by pathological exami-
A Physics-Based Analytical Compact Model for the Drift Region of the HV-MOSFET

This paper presents a novel physics-based analytical compact model for the drift region of a high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (HV-MOSFET). According to this model, the drift region is considered as a simple 1-D problem, just as that of a low-voltage inner MOS transistor. It exploits the charge-sheet approximation and performs linearization between the charge in the drift region and the surface potential. The drift region model combined with the standard charge-sheet MOS model for the low-voltage part adds up to a complete HV-MOSFET model, which is verified against technology computer-aided design simulations and measurements of HV-MOS transistors. The comparisons demonstrate its accurate physics foundations and underline that this novel approach to the modeling of the drift region of the HV-MOSFET is promising.
Effects of Visual Environment on Quiet Standing by Young and Old Adults

The authors manipulated the circumstances in which individuals are typically embedded when standing upright by manipulating the intensity of light and the stationary structure of the environment. They expected that the manipulations would affect 12 older participants (aged 65-82 years) more than it would 12 younger participants (aged 22-24 years). Linear (e.g., total path length) and nonlinear (e.g., maximum line length of recurrent points in phase space) measures of the center of pressure time series confirmed that expectation. Moreover, for some measures, there was a suggestion that participants' visual contrast sensitivity (an index of neurophysiological age) was a more important contributing factor overall than was their chronological age. In the Discussion, the authors highlight the significance of interactive effects of environmental, organismic, and task constraints on quiet standing.
Highly scalable eigensolvers for petaflop applications

This thesis presents the development of a new eigensolver for the use in massively parallel systems. Current implementations lack in both, parallel and sequential efficiency on modern computer architectures and are becoming the bottleneck of many scientific applications, e.g. in quantum chemistry. Efficiency and scalability of the new eigensolver are unprecedented and result in an up to 10-fold improvement compared to current state-of-the-art libraries.
Oncological outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma: a single-institution study with >or=3 years of follow-up.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intermediate-term outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HALRN) for clinically organ-confined renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who had HALRN for clinically organ-confined RCC at the University of Wisconsin from 1996 to 2003. All patients with pathologically confirmed RCC and with >or=3 years of follow-up were included in a retrospective chart review of variables before, during and after HALRN, as well as the clinical outcomes. RESULTS In all, 75 patients had HALRN in the study period; their mean age was 59 years, body mass index 29 kg/m(2), operative duration 227 min, estimated blood loss 130 mL, and none required conversion to open nephrectomy. The median time to first oral intake was 2.5 days and the median hospital stay 4 days. On pathological examination the mean tumour size was 5.8 cm; 70% were pT1, 26% pT2 and 4% pT3; 82% were clear cell, 9% papillary, 8% chromophobe and 1% collecting duct carcinoma. Of the 65 patients who had a follow-up of >or=36 months (mean 46, range 36-117), the 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 93.4% and 90.2%, respectively; the 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 96.5% and 94.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that HALRN is a safe and minimally invasive treatment for managing clinically organ-confined RCC, with good intermediate-term oncological outcomes.
A real-time system for tele-surgery

Describes a real-time system supporting a tele-surgery application based on the Zeus/sup TM/ system. The application involves performing minimally invasive surgical procedures remotely - i.e. without the surgeon being present in the same room with the patient. Because there is human life at stake, the underlying real-time system must be robust, fail-safe and resilient to communications problems. This paper focuses primarily on the approach taken in communicating between the surgeon-side and patient-side subsystems. In particular, techniques for dealing with the challenges of real-time communications are discussed, e.g. bit errors, packet errors and synchronization. In addition to the control actions and feedback data, several serial data streams are multiplexed, transmitted between one side and the other, demultiplexed, and delivered by the real-time system. These streams have a fundamentally different character from the control actions and feedback values used with the robots. Both types of real-time streams are sent over the same communications link.
Concepts in molecular dermatotoxicology

Abstract: In the recent years, molecular research has successfully elucidated some of the major mechanisms through which environmental noxae damage human skin. From this knowledge, novel concepts for skin protection have been developed. Here, we provide a brief overview of some of the most exciting and intriguing concepts in molecular dermatotoxicology.
PI3K-independent mTOR activation promotes lapatinib resistance and IAP expression that can be effectively reversed by mTOR and Hsp90 inhibition

Although HER2 targeted therapies have substantially improved outcomes in HER2 overexpressing (HER2+) breast cancer, resistance to these therapies remains a clinical challenge. To better understand the mechanisms of resistance to lapatinib, a HER2 and EGFR dual kinase inhibitor, we treated HER2+ breast cancer cells with lapatinib for an extended period to generate a lapatinib-resistant (LapR) cell line model and examined cancer-promoting signaling activation in LapR cells. We found that LapR cells possess enhanced mTOR activation, which was independent of PI3K and other known mTOR activators. Lapatinib resistance could be reversed by mTOR kinase inhibition. Intriguingly, LapR cells had constitutive cytosolic cytochrome C, indicating that LapR cells suppress lapatinib-induced apoptosis downstream of cytochrome C release from mitochondria into the cytosol rather than by preventing its release into the cytosol. Consistent with this notion, LapR cells possessed increased levels of 2 of the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), survivin and c-IAP-2, which are reported to block caspase activation downstream of cytosolic cytochrome C release. Further, treatment with the mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 or the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG reversed expression of IAPs and overcame lapatinib resistance in LapR cells. Together, these data suggest that suppression of apoptosis downstream of cytosolic cytochrome C release, possibly through increased expression of IAPs or other caspase-suppressing proteins, may promote lapatinib resistance. Further, PI3K is thought to be the main driver of lapatinib resistance, but our findings indicate that PI3K inhibitors may be ineffective in some lapatinib-resistant HER2+ breast cancers with PI3K-independent activation of mTOR kinase, which may instead benefit from mTOR or Hsp90 inhibitors.
A new approach for non-linear equations solution with the possibility of gross error presence

In this paper it is described a geometrical approach to detect, identify, and recover multiple gross errors in power system state estimation. Using the classical WLS estimator the measurement residuals is computed, and then the error is composed. For the detection and identification of the measurements with gross errors the composed measurement error in the normalized for (CMEN) is used, however using the weighting matrix as one per cent of the measurement magnitude, for each measurement. Using this weight is equivalent to make a mapping where all the measurements become of equal magnitude, if they are of correct values. The measurement magnitude corrections otherwise are performed using the composed normalized measurement error (CNE). The Three-bus network is used to simulate the paper proposition for gross error detection, identification and correction efficiency.
Selective Toxicity of Apigenin on Cancerous Hepatocytes by Directly Targeting their Mitochondria.

BACKGROUND hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of mortality due to cancer throughout the world. OBJECTIVE The main goal of the current research was to evaluate the selective toxicity of apigenin (APG) on hepatocytes and mitochondria obtained from the liver of HCC rats). METHOD In this research, HCC induced by a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN); 200 mg/kg, i.p, and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) (0.02%, through dietary) for 14 days. For confirmation of HCC, histopathological evaluations and determination of serum concentrations of liver toxicity enzymes and specific liver cancer marker; alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were performed. Then, cancerous and non- cancerous hepatocytes were isolated by using the collagen perfusion method. Eventually, mitochondria isolated from HCC and normal hepatocytes were tested for every eventual toxic effects of APG. RESULTS After confirmation of HCC, the results of this research showed that APG (10, 20 and 40 μM) increased mitochondrial parameters such as, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c expulsion only in cancerous hepatocytes. Apoptotic effect of APG on HCC cells was confirmed by caspase-3 activation and Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining analysis. CONCLUSION These results propose the eligibility of the flavonoid APG as a complementary therapeutic agent for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Antigenotoxic potential of rutin and quercetin in Swiss mice exposed to gamma radiation

Background: Ionizing radiation induces a variety of genetic damages through the formation free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Appropriate antioxidant intervention may inhibit or reduce free radical toxicity and thus offer protection against radiation. Rutin (RUT) and quercetin (QRT) are flavonoids known to be potent dietary antioxidants. Methods: The present study tested the antigenotoxic effect of RUT and QRT in vivo against radiation- induced chromosomal damage. Swiss albino mice were administered orally with RUT and QRT (10 and 20 mg/kg b.wt.) once daily for five consecutive days. One hour after the last administration of RUT and QRT on the fifth day, the animals were whole body exposed to 3 Gy gamma radiation. The anti-genotoxic potential was assessed in terms of chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus test, and alkaline comet assay. Results: Significant decline in dicentric formation was observed in RUT and QRT treated group. Further, the antigenotoxic potential of RUT and QRT caused a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in micronucleated polychromatic, normochromatic erythrocytes; increased PCE/NCE ratio was observed in the RUT and QRT treated group. Administration of RUT and QRT before irradiation resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the DNA damage at the post-irradiation time when compared with irradiation alone group. Conclusions: Present findings demonstrate the potential of RUT and QRT in mitigating radiation-induced mortality and cytogenetic damage, which may be attributed to scavenging of radiation-induced free radicals.
A Descriptive Internet Survey on Menopausal Symptoms: Five Ethnic Groups of Asian American University Faculty and Staff

The purpose of this Internet study was to describe menopausal symptoms, perceived causes of the symptoms, and management strategies for the symptoms among five ethnic groups of Asian American women. Sixty-two university faculty and/or staff members aged 40 to 60 years who self-reported as Asian Americans and could read and write English were recruited through the Internet. An Internet survey was conducted, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The most prevalent symptoms were “worrying about body,” “aches in back of neck and skull,” and “weight gain. ” Most of the women perceived “aging” as the main cause of their symptoms and chose not to manage their symptoms. The findings strongly suggest that women’s own explanation of their symptoms is frequently different from that of health care providers.
The objective study of a multiple personality. Or, are four heads better than one?

This report pertains to the systematic, "controlled" study of a 27year-old patient with four distinct personalities—the "square," the "mediator," the "lover," and the "warrior. " The aim of this study has been to clarify the mechanisms of action underlying the emergence of these alter personalities and the relative degrees of amnesia existing among all personalities, as well as to elucidate the areas of independence and overlap among them. To accomplish this aim, clinical-psychological, psychophysiological, and neurophysiological procedures were employed. All the data obtained fall into a consistent pattern and suggest that traditional skeptical explanations of pretense or role-playing are insufficient to account for the phenomena observed. A new theoretical construct for interpreting the phenomena of multiple personality and other related dissociative states is presented.
Inhibition of survivin expression after using oxaliplatin and vinflunine to induce cytogenetic damage in vitro in lymphocytes from colon cancer patients and healthy individuals

Chemotherapy drugs usually inflict a lethal dose to tumour cells with the consequence that these cells are being killed by cell death. However, each round of chemotherapy also causes damage to normal somatic cells. The DNA cross-linking agent oxaliplatin (OXP), which causes DNA double-strand breaks, and vinflunine (VFN), which disrupts the mitotic spindle, are two of these chemotherapy drugs which were evaluated in vitro using peripheral lymphocytes from colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals to determine any differential response. Endpoints examined included micronucleus (MN) induction using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay and pancentromeric fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Also, survivin expression was monitored since it regulates the mitotic spindle checkpoint and inhibits apoptosis. OXP produced cytogenetic damage (micronuclei in binucleated cells) via its clastogenic but also previously unknown aneugenic action, possibly through interfering with topoisomerase II, whilst VFN produced micronuclei in mononucleated cells because of incomplete karyokinesis. Survivin expression was found to be significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by not only OXP but surprisingly also VFN. This resulted in large numbers of multinucleated cells found with the CBMN assay. As survivin is upregulated in cancers, eliminating apoptosis inhibition might provide a more targeted chemotherapy approach; particularly, when considering VFN, which only affects cycling cells by inhibiting their mitotic spindle, and alongside possibly other pro-apoptotic compounds. Hence, these newly found properties of VFN -the inhibition of survivin expression-might demonstrate a promising chemotherapeutic approach as VFN induces less DNA damage in normal somatic cells compared to other chemotherapeutic compounds.
Isolation and characterization of an Escherichia coli strain exhibiting partial tolerance to quinolones

Quinolone antimicrobial agents rapidly kill bacteria by largely unknown mechanisms. To study this phenomenon, a strain of Escherichia coli inhibited but inefficiently killed by (i.e., partially tolerant to) norfloxacin was isolated and characterized. E. coli KL16 (norfloxacin MIC, 0.10 microgram/ml; MBC, 0.20 microgram/ml) was mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine and cyclically exposed to 3 micrograms of norfloxacin per ml. After five cycles, a bacterial strain (DS1) which was killed 1,000-fold less than KL16 during 3 h of drug exposure was isolated. The MIC and MBC of norfloxacin for DS1 were 0.20 and 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Over a range of norfloxacin concentrations, DS1 was killed 2 to 4 orders of magnitude less than KL16. DS1 grew more slowly than KL16 but after normalization for growth rate was killed four times less rapidly than KL16 at drug concentrations 10-fold higher than respective MICs. DS1 and KL16 cells filamented similarly upon exposure to norfloxacin. DS1 exhibited tolerance to other DNA gyrase A subunit antagonists (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and DNA gyrase B subunit antagonists (novobiocin and coumermycin) but not to the aminoglycoside gentamicin, suggesting involvement of DNA gyrase. DS1 also appeared to be minimally tolerant to the beta-lactam cefoxitin. DS1 exhibited increased susceptibility to the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate, implying a defect in DNA repair. This report describes the first use of quinolone enrichment for isolation of a bacterial strain partially tolerant to quinolones. The study of defects in such tolerant strains offers an approach to an increased understanding of the mechanisms of bacterial killing by quinolones.
An unbiased study of debris discs around A-type stars with Herschel

The Herschel DEBRIS (Disc Emission via a Bias-free Reconnaissance in the Infrared/Submillimetre) survey brings us a unique perspective on the study of debris discs around main-sequence A-type stars. Bias-free by design, the survey offers a remarkable data set with which to investigate the cold disc properties. The statistical analysis of the 100 and 160 μm data for 86 main-sequence A stars yields a lower than previously found debris disc rate. Considering better than 3σ excess sources, we find a detection rate ≥24 ± 5 per cent at 100 μm which is similar to the debris disc rate around main-sequence F/G/K-spectral type stars. While the 100 and 160 μm excesses slowly decline with time, debris discs with large excesses are found around some of the oldest A stars in our sample, evidence that the debris phenomenon can survive throughout the length of the main sequence (˜1 Gyr). Debris discs are predominantly detected around the youngest and hottest stars in our sample. Stellar properties such as metallicity are found to have no effect on the debris disc incidence. Debris discs are found around A stars in single systems and multiple systems at similar rates. While tight and wide binaries ( 100 au, respectively) host debris discs with a similar frequency and global properties, no intermediate separation debris systems were detected in our sample.