Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iwasawa modules up to isomorphism

In classical Iwasawa theory one considers modules over the completed group ring A=Zp[[G]] for G~Zp, and one often studies these up to quasiisomorphism, i.e., by neglecting finite G-modules. In this paper we propose some methods for the study of A-modules up to isomorphism, which at the same time work for more general groups G (where a good structure theory in terms of quasi-isomorphisms is missing anyway). A future application we have in mind is the investigation of Galois extensions defined by torsion points of abelian varieties. Such extensions have compact padic Lie groups as Galois groups, and we show at several places that the theory works very nicely for these. A basic tool is the homotopy theory for A-modules, recalled in § 1. It amounts to considering A-modules up to projective factors (which is no serious restriction in view of Krull-Schmidt theorem), and has a formalism quite analogous to the one in topology: one has a loop space functor Q, a suspension 2, fibrations, cofibrations etc., and a certain analogue of homotopy groups in form of the A-modules E'(M) : = Ext:;(M, A). There is also an analogue of the Postnikov tower describing how a module Mis "glued together" from the modules E'(M). Instead of describing this in general, we have described the first step in 1.9, and the result for G~ZP in § 3: in this case a A-module M is determined up to isomorphism by E 0(M) ~ Arank,1.M, E 1(M), E 2(M), and a class in Ext~(E 2(M), E 1(M)). We then discuss the modules Er(M) in some detail. For example, we express various properties of M-like the existence of finite submodules or the freeness of M/Tor,1. M-in terms of the E'(M). We also give some formulae for the E', in terms of inverse limits often encountered in the applications. These formulae are derived from a discussion for general G in § 2, where we relate the E' to the "dualizing modules" Dr(A) = fun Hr(u, A)* (the limits running over the open subgroups U of G) introduced by Tate for the study of duality theorems for profinite groups.
Determinants of Employee's Overall Satisfaction toward Training and Development Programs

Training and development refer to the imparting of specific skills and knowledge to an employee. Its learning opportunities are designed to achieve organizational effectiveness among competitors by bringing innovation in strategies while emphasizing on planning, designing, implementing and evaluating the training programs. There is substantial discussion among researchers and professionals that the success of a business organization whether in public or private sectors lies mainly in the value of its human resources. Studies, reports, and statistics indicate that the investment in training and development is continuing to grow as more and more organizations realize its importance. Despite the recognition of the importance of training, the experience of manpower training and development has been more of a ruse and waste. Therefore, this theoretical paper attempts to find out whether manpower training and development has a significant implication on organizational effectiveness and highlights the needs of the business to concentrate on building employee capacity and focusing on employee development to attain job satisfaction. Lastly, as the investment in various training and development programs continue to rise, it is generally regarded as a good management practice to maintain appropriate expertise now and in the future.
A Study of the Charge Transport Process at Nickel Hydroxide-Gold Modified Electrodes employing Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry and Ac Impedance Measurements

Fil: Tucceri, Ismael Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquimicas Teoricas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina
EXTENDED SEMI-ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF FLOW AND CONCENTRATION FIELDS IN A TANGENTIALLY-FIRED FURNACE

Tangentially-fired furnaces (TFF) are one of the modified types of furnaces which have become more attractive in the field of industrial firing systems in recent years. Multi-zone thermodynamic models can be used to study the effect of different parameters on the operation of TFF readily and economically. Flow and mixing sub-model is a necessity in multi-zone models. In the present work, the semi-analytical model previously established by the authors for the prediction of the behavior of coaxial turbulent gaseous jets is extended to be used in a single-chamber TFF with square horizontal cross-sections and to form the flow and mixing sub-model of the future multi-zone model for the simulation of this TFF. A computer program is developed to implement the new extended model. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out to validate the results of the new model. In order to verify the CFD solution procedure, a turbulent round jet injected into cross flow is simulated. The calculated jet trajectory and velocity profile are compared with other experimental and numerical data and good agreement is observed. Results show that the present model can provide very fast and reasonable predictions of the flow and concentration fields in the TFF of interest.
The cost of infidelity to female reed buntings

Females of many socially monogamous bird species accept or even actively seek copulations outside the social pair bond. It has been shown that females profit from extrapair fertilization by increased offspring quality, but extrapair mating may also induce costs to females. We measured parental food provisioning and paternity in the reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus, a species with biparental brood care and high levels of extrapair paternity (EPP). We found a negative relationship between the proportion of EPP in broods and paternal care across the local population. Individual males adjusted food provisioning to the amount of EPP between sequential broods. Females did compensate for low male food provisioning. The cost of extrapair fertilizations to females is increased nestling mortality due to the social partner’s reduction of brood care. If the mixed mating system of the reed bunting is at an evolutionary equilibrium, we expect that genetic fitness for males as well as for females is maximized. Any costs incurred by extrapair mating should therefore not exceed the benefits for both sexes. Key words: extrapair paternity, infidelity, parental care, paternal care, reed bunting. [Behav Ecol]
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RESEARCH: MEASURING AND REPORTING

AT THE ISSCT Management Commission Workshop in Townsville, Australia in May 2008, it was reported that, to a larger or lesser degree in most sugarcane producing countries, a ‘disconnect’ exists between research centres and their stakeholders. One reason for such a ‘disconnect’ is that research centres in many industries have already largely maximised productivity potential through cane variety breeding programs but stakeholders are not convinced of this, resulting in incongruent expectations. Another possible reason for the ‘disconnect’ is because productivity improvements are blurred by varying agro-climatic conditions and management practices. It has been suggested that research centres should better employ economic benchmarks to enable sugarcane growers to easily rank different research outcomes that compete for limited on-farm capital and management time. For non-financial experts, capital budgeting can be intimidating but spreadsheets take care of the complex mathematics and an economist or financial expert can be employed to source and disseminate generic costs. The capital budgeting methods described and adapted in this paper for the R&D context provide a powerful marketing tool for R&D outcomes in terms of attracting research funding and enhancing technology transfer to larger sugarcane growing firms in particular. Sugarcane farming is a business and research centres are increasingly required to communicate in the ‘language’ of business, notwithstanding the other environmental and social aspects of sustainable triple bottom line reporting. In an increasingly competitive global environment, this shift towards an improved understanding of economics is appropriate to all scales of sugarcane agriculture.
Determination of Essential (Ca, Fe, I, K, Mo) and Toxic Elements (Hg, Pb) in Brazilian Rice Grains and Estimation of Reference Daily Intake

The levels of Hg and Pb (toxic elements) and Ca, Fe, I, K, Mo (essential elements) were measured in 44 Brazilian rice samples divided among white polished (W), parboiled white (PW) and parboiled brown (PB). Rice grains were ana- lyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations of toxic elements varied from 0.3 to 13.4 and 0.4 to 14.5 ng? g–1 for Hg and Pb, respectively. The values for essential elements were in the same range of those for rice produced in other countries. In general parboiled samples presented higher levels of all elements in study compared to white samples. The Estimated Daily Intake through rice consumption was 0.44 ug for Pb, 0.22 ug for Hg, 0.65 ug for I, 39.5 ug for Mo, 0.43 mg for Fe, 4.1 mg for Ca and 88.9 mg for K. Our findings demonstrated that rice can contribute significantly to the RDIs of molybdenum and potassium, but it can not be considered an important source of I, Fe and Ca. Moreover, the estimated dail
Breeding and Parental Care in the Endangered Tehuantepec Jackrabbit (Lepus flavigularis)

ABSTRACT. We documented date and duration of each breeding phase, breeding rate, nursing behavior, parental care, and leveret survival of the Tehuantepec jackrabbit (Lepus flavigularis), a critically endangered lagomorph. Between June 2006 and May 2008, we observed 60 adult radio-collared jackrabbits in Oaxaca, México. Tehuantepec jackrabbits exhibit breeding behaviors 250 days out of the year, with a high-intensity period during the rainy season (May–October). Females give birth to 2 leverets 32 days after copulation. Directly after birth, leverets are put into “beds” or “nests,” which are depressions in the ground covered by prairie grass (Jouvea pilosa). Females return to nurse and groom the leverets once per day until the leverets are weaned (12 days after birth). The breeding season and parental care behaviors of Tehuantepec jackrabbits are similar to those of other jackrabbits. Females produced an average of 2 litters per breeding season. The breeding rate for the Tehuantepec jackrabbit (4 leverets per breeding female per breeding season) is lower than the average of other species in the genus Lepus. The survival rate of Tehuantepec jackrabbit leverets (50% at day 19) is higher than that of other leporids. Predation by domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) is the main cause of mortality. Understanding reproductive behavior is critical for captive breeding, reintroduction, and conservation efforts for endangered leporids such as the Tehuantepec jackrabbit.
A molecular genetic analysis of the requirement of TOR kinase signalling for plant growth

iii Acknowledgments . v Abbreviations . xi List of figures . xvii List of tables . xix Chapter 1 General introduction . 1 1.1 Target of rapamycin . 2 1.2 Discovery . 2 1.3 TOR protein features . 3 1.4 TOR complex formation . 4 The TOR complex 1 . 5 1.4. 1 RAPTOR . 5 1.4. 2 LST8 . 6 1.4. 3 Additional interaction partners of TOR in TORC1 . 7 1.4. 4 1.5 TORC1 substrates and functions . 8 Protein synthesis . 8 1.5. 1 Ribosome biogenesis . 10 1.5. 2 Cell cycle . 10 1.5. 3 Metabolism and mitochondrial activity . 11 1.5. 4 Autophagy . 11 1.5. 5 Lifespan . 12 1.5. 6 1.6 The TOR complex 2 . 13 TORC2 substrates and functions . 14 1.6. 1 1.7 Regulation of TORC1 . 16 Nutrients . 17 1.7. 1 Growth factors . 18 1.7. 2 Energy . 19 1.7. 3 Stress . 19 1.7. 4 1.8 Regulation of TORC2 . 19 1.9 TOR signalling in plants . 20
Chemical constituents from stem barks and roots of murraya koenigii (Rutaceae)

Four carbazole alkaloids, identified as mahanimbine (1), girinimbine (2), murrayanine (3) murrayafoline-A (4) and one triterpene were isolated from stem bark and roots of Murraya koenigii. The structures of these compounds were established by infra -red (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H N MR, 13 C NMR, HMQC and HMBC) spectroscopy. Abstrak Empat alkaloid karbazol, dikenalpasti sebagai mahanimbin (1), girinimbin (2), murrayanin (3), murrayafolin-A (4) dan satu triterpen telah dipencilkan daripada batang dan akar Murraya koenigii. Struktur-struktur bagi semua sebatian kimia dibuktikan dengan kaedah spektroskopi inframerah (IR), spektroskopi jisim (MS), dan spektroskopi resonans magnet nukleus ( 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HMQC and HMBC).
The effect of communicative and on-site measures on the behaviour of winter sports par- ticipants within protected mountain areas - results of a field experiment

Recreational activities have increased remarkably and may negatively affect native wildlife populations. A nationwide campaign in Switzerland (Respektiere deine Grenzen) tries to manage the behaviour of winter-sports participants through awareness raising and by using on-site intervention instruments. Following an experimental survey design, the campaign was evaluated among people engaged in ski-touring or snow-shoeing in the winter of 2011 / 12 (n = 548). The results reveal that the campaign is successful in raising awareness and has a positive impact on stated responsible behaviour towards nature. In contrast, the results of the treatment-control comparisons show that on-site-intervention instruments do not significantly influence stated behaviour. We can conclude that steering instruments should preferably be applied during the planning phase of the tour or, at the latest, at its starting point, whereas measures trying to influence the behaviour on tour seem to have no additional effect. 17
Contribution of particle formation to global cloud condensation nuclei concentrations

We use a global aerosol microphysics model to predict the contribution of boundary layer (BL) particle formation to regional and global distributions of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Including an observationally derived particle formation scheme, where the formation rate of molecular clusters is proportional to gas‐phase sulfuric acid to the power one, improves modeled particle size distribution and total particle number concentration at three continental sites in Europe. Particle formation increases springtime BL global mean CCN (0.2% supersaturation) concentrations by 3–20% and CCN (1%) by 5–50%. Uncertainties in particle formation and growth rates must be reduced before the accuracy of these predictions can be improved. These results demonstrate the potential importance of BL particle formation as a global source of CCN.
Analysis of Grinding Surface Creation by Single-Grit Approach

This paper presents some new research findings in the investigation of single grit grinding in terms of surface creation. The investigation demonstrated that rubbing-ploughing-cutting hypothesis of grinding material removal mechanism is valid in both experiments and simulations. A finite element model (FEM) was developed to simulate the material deformation during the grit interacts with the workpiece. It was found that the cutting mechanism is the more effective in the first half of the scratch where the grit penetrates the workpiece. The ploughing is a prominent mechanism in the second half of the scratch where the grit is climbing up along the scratch path and uplifting the material at the front and the sides of it. This observation is very important to provide a greater insight into the difference between up-cut and down-cut grinding material removal mechanisms. Multi passes scratch simulations were performed to demonstrate the influence of ploughing on the ground surface formation. Moreover, by analysing the effects of grinding conditions, the shape of cutting edges and friction in grinding zone on the grinding surface formation, some useful relations between grinding performance and controllable parameters have been identified. It has demonstrated that ploughing has significant influences on ground surface formation and concluded that the influence of grit shape, friction and grinding kinetic condition should be considered together for the ploughing behaviour control, which could provide a good guidance for the improvement of grinding efficiency.
The Relationship between Inflation and its Uncertainty: Evidence from Jordan

There are many harmful impacts of inflation and inflation volatility in any economy, which includes increasing the risk premium, costs of hedging, and consequently leads to re-distribution of national income between strata of society unfairly. Therefore, this study came to test the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty for Jordan from 1976 to 2013. For that purpose we employing two different methodologies generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) process, and the granger causality technique. The results of the GARCH model support the hypothesis of Friedman and Ball through Indicating strong support for the presence of a positive relationship between the inflation rate and its uncertainty. The Granger causality results report supporting hypothesis of Cukierman and Meltzer in 1986, and also Granger causality test running in the both ways.
An Alternative Explanation

To the Editor: I read with interest the recent article by Goodwin et al titled "Effectiveness of Supervised Physical Therapy in the Early Period After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy" (June 2003). Although I agree with the authors that the lack of treatment effectiveness was not likely a function of poor application of intervention, the intention of my letter is to provide an alternative explanation that may help account for the results.
Stress and Resources in Women Attending an Inpatient Prevention/Rehabilitation Measure for Parents: Secondary Analysis of Quality Assurance Data

Questionnaire data from two projects on the development of quality assurance instruments for an inpatient rehabilitation/prevention program for parents were used for a secondary analysis. In this analysis, the associations of gains in a psychosocial resource (parenting self-efficacy) and two types of stressors experienced by mothers at the start of treatment (parenting hassles, depressive symptoms) with general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health at the end of treatment were explored. Structural equation modeling was applied to data from N = 1724 female patients. Potential resource-stressor interactions were tested using the Latent Moderated Structural Equations approach. Results showed that parenting hassles were negatively associated with general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health while self-efficacy gains were weakly positively correlated with both variables. No interaction of parenting hassles and self-efficacy gains was found. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with both satisfaction measures. In these models, self-efficacy gains were not substantially correlated with life satisfaction, but showed a small association with satisfaction with health. There was no significant interaction of depressive symptoms and self-efficacy gains. The findings imply that interventions for distressed mothers—as exemplarily illustrated by this inpatient setting—should focus on identifying and reducing initial stressors as these may continue to impair mothers’ subjective health despite gains in parenting-related resources.
Towards Using MP4 Players in Teaching English Language: An Empirical Study

: - Portable MP3/MP4 players, e.g. iPod, are mostly used for entertainment purposes and they are very popular among the youth. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using such devices as an aiding tool in the educational environment, and hypothesise that these devices would help improve learning, e.g. fluency in English. We report on a number of preliminary studies which suggest that the use of such devices helped students in English learning.
A study to determine the quality of life in patients

Introduction: This study was these patients. There were 132 patients with mild grade, 29 patients with moderate grade and 2 patients with severe grade acne vulgaris according to Global Acne Disability lndex (CADI) which showed moderate grade in most of the patients (50.3%). Patients with post acne scarring showed poor quality of Life. The present study demonstrated a signi impairment in quality of life. Patients with severe acne had high grade CADI whereas patients with mild acne had low grade CADI. Our study thus provides further evidence of the association between severity of life, and also brings attention to the need for a holistic approach in the management of moderate patients. This study was undertaken to determine the severity of acne vulgaris and its relation with quality of life of these patients. There were 132 patients with mild grade, 29 patients with moderate grade and 2 patients with severe grade acne vulgaris according to Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Quality of life was assessed using Cardiff Acne Disability lndex (CADI) which showed moderate grade in most of the patients (50.3%). Patients with post acne scarring showed poor quality of Life. The present study demonstrated a signi ficant correlation between severity of acne and impairment in quality of life. Patients with severe acne had high grade CADI whereas patients with mild acne had low grade CADI. Our study thus provides further evidence of the association between severity of life, and also brings attention to the need for a holistic approach in the management of moderate Acne vulgaris, Cardiff Acne Severity lndex (CADI), Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), undertaken to determine the severity of acne vulgaris and its relation with quality of life of these patients. There were 132 patients with mild grade, 29 patients with moderate grade and 2 patients with severe grade Quality of life was assessed using Cardiff Acne Disability lndex (CADI) which showed moderate grade in most of the patients (50.3%). Patients with post acne scarring ficant correlation between severity of acne and impairment in quality of life. Patients with severe acne had high grade CADI whereas patients with mild acne had low grade CADI. Our study thus provides further evidence of the association between severity of acne and lowered quality of life, and also brings attention to the need for a holistic approach in the management of moderate -to-severe Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris, Cardiff Acne Severity lndex (CADI), Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), Quality of Life.
Anti HSV-1 Activity of Spirulina platensis Polysaccharide

Aqueous extracts of Spirulina platensis were precipitated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The hot water extract was found anti Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity at 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50) values of 21.32 ∝g/ml. Partial purification by gel filtration of the crude extract on Sepharose 6B column gave two fractions, SHP-F1 and SHP-F2, which revealed about 4 and 2 times higher activity than that of the crude hot water extract, respectively. The crude hot water extract was a polysaccharide with rhamnose as the main sugar component. Calcium ion and sulfate groups in this polysaccharide had major roles in antiviral ac tivity. However, the crude hot water extract polysaccharide contained approximately 42% carbohydrate and 31% protein. Decreasing the amount of protein by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) resulted in higher purity of the crude hot water extract polysaccharide.