Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of hemicelluloses from leaves and tops of the CC 8475, CC 8592, and V 7151 varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L

In this research, the types of hemicellulose that predominate in the leaves and tops of the three most cultivated varieties (CC 8475, CC 8592, V 7151) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Valle del Cauca, Colombia were determined. Hemicellulose analyses were performed after delignification with sodium chlorite and extraction with 18% NaOH and 24% KOH containing 0.26 M NaBH4. The main components of hemicellulose were identified via FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and monomeric sugars were identified via HPLC. Hemicellulose A composed of arabinoxylans, glucomannans and arabinogalactactans and hemicellulose B primarily composed of arabinoxylans were extracted. The hemicelluloses of the Colombian varieties were more stable against heat than those of the Venezuelan variety. The results of this project allowed discovery of the potential use of agricultural sugarcane residues for bioethanol production because they have a holocellulose content of more than 60%.
The Dual Roles Technology Plays in Leisure: Insights from a Study of Grandmothers

Abstract Focusing on older women—a highly challenged group of information and communication technology (ICT) users—this study aims to explore the roles ICT plays in later life leisure. The study is based on 27 focus groups conducted in seven countries (Canada, Colombia, Israel, Italy, Peru, Romania, and Spain), with the participation of 184 grandmothers (age ≥ 65) who use ICT. Findings indicate that ICT plays dual roles in the women’s leisure. On the one hand, it helps them remain active and socially engaged by saving time that could be used for leisure, facilitating participation in various activities and allowing for more meaningful leisure experiences both online and offline. On the other hand, its use often entails wasted time and disrupted involvement, or simply serves as “time filler. ” These findings suggest ICT affects all defining aspects of leisure, namely time, activity, and experience. The impact of technology may be similar in other age and gender groups.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPEATED SPRINT ABILITY AND ACCURACY OF SOCCER SHOOTING PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG PLAYERS

Soccer is an intermittent sport in which players require an ultimate level of physical fitness. On the pitch, repeated sprint capability fulfills the physical fitness demands. Shooting accuracy is a significant attacking skill and occurs repeatedly in a match. The purpose of the present study was to know repeated sprint ability and its relationship with accuracy of soccer shooting performance of Bangladeshi young players. The study was carried out in 70 male soccer players aged between 16 to 19 years. Accuracy of soccer shooting and repeated sprint ability assessed using Loughbrough soccer shooting test and repeated sprint ability test. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation of coefficient and multiple regression equation. The moderate relationship was found between repeated sprint ability and accuracy of soccer shooting except sprint decrement rate. It is recommended that a proper training schedule must be arranged and implemented to develop the accuracy of shooing performance. Therefore, while selecting soccer players for the team repeated sprint ability would also be taken into consideration along with the soccer technique and skills. Article visualizations:
Balancing Rights and Risks : How Can We Get It Right For Children Involved In Violent Behaviour?

Official data suggests that the number of children involved in offending has reduced significantly over the past ten years throughout the United Kingdom (Bateman, 2015; Youth Justice Improvement Board, 2017). Despite this reduction, there is a small, but substantial, percentage of children who present a risk of serious harm to others. To date there has been little examination of the nature and prevalence of the violent behaviour children engage in within Scotland. However, regular access to this type of information is crucial for both service planning and monitoring of the effectiveness of efforts to reduce violence. Similarly, it is essential that the needs underlying children’s violent behaviour are understood if appropriate interventions are to be provided and future harm is to be prevented. Emerging research clearly demonstrates the complex needs with which a number of these children present (McAra, Goldson, Hughes, & McVie, 2010; Youth Justice Improvement Board, 2017); however, our understanding of how well their needs are being met and how well the risks they present to others are being managed remains unclear. In order to contribute to the limited knowledge base this study examined the case files for a sample of 63 children referred to the Intervention for Vulnerable Youth (IVY) project due to concern over their risk of serious harm to others. Additionally, 23 practitioner responses to a survey regarding risk practice were examined.
Physics-Based Analytical Engineering Models of Graphene Micro- and Nanostrip Lines

In this article, new approximate analytical models of graphene-based micro- and nanostrip transmission lines are given. These models are based on the representation of the mentioned lines by a parallel-plate waveguide embedded into an effective frequency-dependent permittivity media. Our theory allows analytical calculation of complex propagation constant and characteristic impedance of the main quasi-TM mode of graphene strip transmission lines. The developed approach is verified by comparisons with the thin-film lossy microstrips, for which the measurements and theory are available for frequencies up to 1 THz and with parallel-plate graphene waveguides. For very narrow lines, the developed model is improved by a correction tuning technique. The obtained analytical formulas for complex propagation constant and characteristic impedance are interesting in calculations of electronically controlled graphene-based interconnects, microwave and millimeter-wave attenuators, antennas, and transistors.
Leader Behavioral Integrity, Coworker Knowledge Sharing, and Employee Creativity

Drawing upon the behavioral integrity theory (Simons, 2002), the authors explain how leaders’ consistent social cues facilitate employee creativity. Specifically, the authors propose that leader behavioral integrity – perceived word-deed alignment – motivates coworkers to share knowledge, which in turn fosters employee creativity. The authors found support for this hypothesis in a study using data from 187 employee–manager dyads in South Korea. The findings emphasize that leaders need to establish the social contexts necessary for employee creativity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Analysis of Severe Injuries Associated with Volleyball Activities.

In brief: Volleyball has rarely been studied with regard to injuries. However, recent identification of severe knee injuries incurred as a result of participation in volleyball has prompted an investigation of injuries associated with this sport. Among 7,490 persons referred to a major metropolitan outpatient sports medicine clinic for rehabilitation, 106 were treated for injuries related to volleyball. Nearly 90% of the injuries were concentrated in the lower extremities. In particular, knee injuries accounted for 59% of the injuries in both males and females, while ankle injuries accounted for 22% and 24%, respectively. The mechanism of jumping, landing, and twisting upon impact with the ground or floor was associated with 63% of all the injuries, including 61% of the knee injuries and 92% of the ankle injuries. The costs associated with these injuries indicate a significant problem. Directions for future research are identified so that the most appropriate strategies for prevention and control can be d.
Identifying the Neurophysiological Correlates of Learning in Human Perceptual Decision-Making

Despite the well-established benefits of training on perceptual decision-making, there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the precise stages of information processing that are altered by learning. Here, we sought to characterize the neural adjustments that take place along the sensorimotor hierarchy following training on a perceptual task. To this end, we isolated distinct electrophysiological signatures of perceptual decisionmaking at the three key stages of information processing necessary for simple sensorimotor transformationssensory evidence encoding, decision formation and motor preparationas participants trained on a contrast discrimination task over five days. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) reliably traced changes in stimulus contrast, thereby providing a read-out of sensory evidence encoding, while the centroparietal positivity (CPP) and lateralized beta-band activity provided domain-general and effector-selective indices of decision formation, respectively. Over the course of training, subjects learned to make quicker and more accurate perceptual decisions. These improvements were accompanied by a progressive boosting of sensory evidence representation, which in turn led to an increase in the build-up rate and peak amplitude of the CPP. A diffusion model analysis attributed the learning effects to increases in the rate of evidence accumulation, but no changes in the decision bound were observed.
Network Centrality and Open Innovation: A Social Network Analysis of an SME Manufacturing Cluster

Research on open innovation has, in the main, focused on large, high-technology firms and tended to adopt an organization-centric approach in examining external links. In contrast, this article uses social network analysis and network centrality to explore open innovation among a cluster of 33 low-technology small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) manufacturers in Ireland. Adopting a mixed-methods approach this article looks beyond the immediate external links that SMEs form with external organizations and explores the wider network in which such firms are located, their position in these networks and the impact of such positioning on open innovation. This article reports a generally positive relationship between networking activity and innovation performance. Within the context of the low-technology cluster it is apparent that the positioning of a firm within the network may serve to enhance or impede its innovation activity in product development. Despite factors such as fears of appropriation limiting the degree of knowledge and resource exchange within the network, this evidence suggests that those firms occupying central network positions and thus connected to a greater number of other members of the cluster, typically demonstrate greater degrees of innovation activity. Finally, as a means of elucidating the factors that may influence a firm's position the article illustrates that firm size, absorptive capacity, and managerial orientation serve as antecedents of network position.
From a Lived Event to Its Autobiographical Memory: An Ecological Study Using Wearable Camera in Schizophrenia

Cognitive disorders are considered as a core symptom of schizophrenia. Importantly, episodic autobiographical memory deficits are strongly related to patients’ social dysfunction. Although the cognitive mechanisms underlying autobiographical memory deficit are highly important to open the door for specific cognitive remediation, they are yet to be understood. The present study focused on event segmentation to check to which extent possible impairments in temporal ordering and segmenting in patients hinder memories construction. Twenty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 27 matched controls took part in an outdoor circuit while wearing a wearable camera. A week later, their memory and the temporal organization of this event have been assessed. Results showed that patients, compared with control participants, reported a reduced amount of details, especially less actions with interaction related to the event. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, event segmentation abilities in patients were not affected. The relationship between event segmentation and memory is discussed.
New Media and the Dalit Counter-public Sphere

The recent surge of online mobilization among Dalits, who belong to India’s most oppressed caste groups, signals a remarkable trend in Internet activism and political engagement. Analyzing Dalit mobilization online, this article argues that technological affordances and distinct cultural practices associated with digital media have enabled certain sections of Dalits to resist the dominant caste narrative, thereby contributing to mobilization against caste-based discrimination. However, multiple “counter-narratives” within the subaltern digital sphere and hybrid media systems have placed limitations on unified action, signaling the need to address mediated factional positions and caste Hindu narratives online in efforts to strengthen the Dalit social movement. This article forwards the argument by examining the expansion of web forums organized by Dalits, with a closer focus on a nationwide online agitation that drew reference to the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States.
Teaching health versus treating illness: The efficacy of intensive three principles correctional counseling for improving the mental health/resilience of people in an English prison

Abstract We investigate the efficacy of intensive three principles correctional counseling (3PCC) for improving the mental health of people in an English prison. 175 prison residents receiving intensive 3PCC and 127 control participants completed the Three Principles Inventory; Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale; Purpose in Life Test; and PROMIS depression, anxiety, and anger inventories. Compared with the control group, participants receiving intensive 3PCC showed a significant increase in three principles understanding, mental wellbeing, and purpose in life, and a significant decrease in depression, anxiety, and anger. At five-month follow-up each benefit shown at posttest was either maintained or significantly improved.
Preserved metamemory and subjective costs of searching in Schizophrenia

Effort-based decision-making is linked to the motivational deficits seen in negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and several paradigms have been developed to measure motivation and effort. However, there is substantial research suggesting that cognitive deficits affect these processes, and current paradigms do not consider how cognitive functioning may affect effort-based decision-making. We here use a task inspired from ethology, the cache retrieval paradigm, to measure concomitantly cognitive ability and investment or motivation to find the cache. That is we measure precision of visual short-term memory, implicit metamemory, search effort and by using a mathematical model compute the subjective costs of searching. In a study on non-clinical participants we found that the more positive symptoms one has, the worse the precision of one’s memory, but metamemory and effort spent searching for the cache was not affected. In study 2 patients’ memory was worse but computing the subjective costs yielded no group differences. Our results show intact implicit representation of uncertainties and acting on them in schizophrenia.
The role of theories in social marketing in predicting physical activity behavior among the youth

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate the theory of planned behavior (TBP) and the technology acceptance model (TAM) in social marketing to predict and explain technology adoption (gym equipment use) in physical activity (PA) behavior among Ghanaian youth. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach was adopted for this study. The empirical data for this paper were drawn from 314 youth who are gym equipment users. The hypothesized relationships were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings This study found that the salient beliefs, namely, attitude, subjective norm and behavioral control toward gym equipment use, do not sufficiently explain PA adoption. However, a better result emerges when these salient beliefs are combined with perceived usefulness (PU) and ease of use (TAM). Practical implications This paper provides evidence for issues of potential research, policy and managerial interest. The study findings showed that PA adoption, not PEOU, was directly impacted by PU. Thus, policymakers and implementers of social marketing intervention programs should promote the positive attitude toward gym equipment technology use and the perceptions of usefulness (improve cardiorespiratory fitness, feeling healthy and building muscle strength) of using gym equipment technology instead of ease of use to increase PA technology adoption behavior. Originality/value Considering the uniqueness of this current study in the Ghanaian context, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to integrate two influential theories, namely, the TPB and TAM, to examine the effects of the TPB and TAM variables on the adoption of technology (gym equipment use) in PA among the youth.
A molecular and behavioural analysis of descending facilitation in a model of joint inflammation

Descending facilitation of nociceptive processing via the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) has been shown to contribute to behavioural hypersensitivity in a number of models of pain. Pain arising from the joints is a significant clinical problem, and studies to date have focused largely on the underlying peripheral causes. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of central mechanisms of descending facilitation to pain in a model of joint inflammation. To determine if the RVM is activated following ankle injection of Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), a model of joint inflammation, pERK immunohistochemistry and labelling of active GABAergic synapses were carried out. At 6h post CFA, pERK labelling was increased, predominantly within 5-HT expressing neurons. Later, at 3d post CFA a decrease in GABAergic transmission was identified. This suggests time dependent changes in neuronal function occur within the RVM following joint inflammation. Selective lesion of descending 5-HT fibres and mu opioid receptor expressing (MOR+) cells of the RVM combined with behavioural studies indicated that both descending pathways contribute to mechanical hypersensitivity of the ipsilateral hindpaw. As the dorsal horn mechanisms underlying descending facilitation are not well understood, microarray analysis was carried out to identify changes in dorsal horn gene expression associated with descending facilitation. This led to the identification of a number of immune system related genes, including the chemokine Cxcl10 and its receptor Cxcr3 suggesting descending facilitation is mediated in part by neuronal - immune system interactions. These findings demonstrate for the first time that behavioural hypersensitivity in joint pain is dependent in part on descending facilitation via the RVM. In addition to peripheral pathology and spinal cord sensitisation, brainstem contributions should also be taken into account in the study and treatment of joint pain.
How will the diffusion of additive manufacturing impact the raw material supply chain process?

This study investigates the potential of additive manufacturing (i.e. 3D printing) to alter established manufacturing and supply chain processes, complementing previous research work that deals with additive manufacturing and rapid prototyping. Additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technique, which allows the direct fabrication of three-dimensional design models using an additive approach by adding layer after layer. As additive manufacturing is inherently less wasteful and only applies raw material where needed, it constitutes a chance to reduce materials usage and related inventories. Even though the technology has faced considerable hype, its adoption still does not match the high expectations. The aim of this study is to overcome limitations of state-of-the-art impact assessments by integrating the potential reduction of materials inventories through the adoption of additive manufacturing in manufacturing and to point out possible implications for supply chain processes. For this purpose, a dynamic evaluation model was developed analysing the adoption of additive manufacturing by integrating the Bass Diffusion Model to provide interesting and novel results for both practitioners and researchers. The study shows that additive manufacturing can indeed reduce raw materials inventory by approximately 4% and that the diffusion rate is likely to be affected by the utility of the technology.
Beyond Posters and Pennants: College-Going Messaging at Three Racially and Economically Diverse Public Schools

Context It has been argued that high schools with a majority of students of color and from low-income backgrounds must be purposeful in fostering a college-going culture in order to address the challenges and inequities historically underserved students face in preparing for and accessing a higher education. However, what this looks and sounds like in practice is not always clear, leaving schools seeking common ground on how to create a college-going environment. Purpose Through a symbolic and ecological model of college readiness framework, the messaging associated with the college-going culture at three racially and economically diverse Texas high schools that had consistently high college ready graduate rates was examined. The research questions that guided the study included: What types of college-going culture messages are conveyed at the schools, and how? How might such messaging impact students, school staff and leaders? Research Design This study drew on data from a three-year, multi-site descriptive case study of three public high schools in different regions of Texas that all served approximately 50% or more of students with financial need and 72% to 97% students of color, specifically Latina/o and Black students. Data Collection and Analysis Data was collected during week-long, yearly visits to the three schools and included: school and district documents; individual and group semi-structured interviews with 194 individuals including administrators, teachers, support staff, students, parents, and community members; observations of common areas and classrooms; archival data; and researcher-derived documents including field notes, memos, and photographs of the school grounds and school activities. This paper primarily drew on the pictures taken of the schools (in hallways, classrooms, and shared spaces like cafeterias and libraries), field notes, memos, and interview data that specifically spoke to the visual and verbal messaging associated with the college-going culture. Analysis of data revealed six themes: college is a revered goal with many options; varying degrees of integration; support and resources are at your reach; think college and career; finding funding for college is vital; college is an individual and shared success. Conclusions This study's findings suggest the need to: reconsider what a strong college-going culture entails, re-envision college-going cultures as dynamic, multi-layered, and responsive, reframe postsecondary opportunities so they are more expansive and varied, and re-evaluate inequities in college-going messaging and academic rigor.