Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure relief characteristics in alternating pressure air cushions

In this study a computerised system was used which continuously measured air pressure, interface pressure and pressure-time cycle characteristics of an alternating pressure air cushion (APAC), and calculated the time the interface pressure remained below three chosen thresholds of 20,40 and 60mm Hg. Ten healthy volunteers were used to evaluate the pressure relieving characteristics of four APACs. Results indicated significant differences between products when the threshold periods were analysed, showing some devices were not capable of relieving interface pressures below 20mm Hg. Though deflation pressure decreased to nearer zero, interface pressure did not follow suit.
Negative Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling by Selective Proteolytic Mechanisms in the Endosome Mediated by Cathepsin B*

We have investigated the relevant protease activity in rat liver, which is responsible for most of the receptor-mediated epidermal growth factor (EGF) degradation in vivo. EGF was sequentially cleaved by endosomal proteases at a limited number of sites, which were identified by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. EGF proteolysis is initiated by hydrolysis at the C-terminal Glu51-Leu52 bond. Three additional minor cleavage sites were identified at positions Arg48-Trp49, Trp49-Trp50, and Trp50-Glu51 after prolonged incubation. Using nondenaturating immunoprecipitation and cross-linking procedures, the major proteolytic activity was identified as that of the cysteine protease cathepsin-B. The effect of injected EGF on subsequent endosomal EGF receptor (EGFR) proteolysis was further evaluated by immunoblotting. Using endosomal fractions prepared from EGF-injected rats and incubated in vitro, the EGFR was lost with a time course superimposable with the loss of phosphotyrosine content. The cathepsin-B proinhibitor CA074-Me inhibited both in vivoand in vitro the endosomal degradation of the EGFR and increased the tyrosine phosphorylation states of the EGFR protein and the molecule SHC within endosomes. The data, therefore, describe a unique pathway for the endosomal processing of internalized EGF receptor complexes, which involves the sequential function of cathepsin-B through selective degradation of both the ligand and receptor.
FOUR PRECERAMIC POINTS NEWLY DISCOVERED IN BELIZE: A COMMENT ON STEMP ET AL. (2016:279–299)

Stemp et al. (2016) published data on 81 preceramic (Archaic) points from Belize, Central America. In this comment, we report four more chipped chert bifaces recently recovered in Belize (Figure 1). Based on metrics (Table 1), technology, and style, three are classified as Lowe and one as a Sawmill point (Kelly 1993; Lohse et al. 2006; Stemp et al. 2016).
Challenges and perspectives in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for a significant proportion of tuberculosis cases worldwide. Nevertheless, the diagnosis is often delayed or even missed due to insidious clinical presentation and poor performance of diagnostic tests. Culture, the classical gold standard for tuberculosis, suffers from increased technical and logistical constraints in EPTB cases. In this review the authors outline current diagnostic options for the main forms of EPTB. The authors also discuss the opportunities and challenges linked in particular to microbiological diagnostics and to the attempts to find a new gold standard test for EPTB. Finally, new biomarkers and tests currently under evaluation are hopefully on the way to introduce significant improvements in EPTB diagnosis, for which clinical suspicion will nevertheless be essential.
Caracterización y uso del hábitat por la avifauna en bosques quemados de la provincia de León

En esta tesis se estudian las diferencias entre los bosques quemados y los no degradados, respecto a las preferencias de ocupacion, explotacion y uso por parte de las diferentes especies de aves que habitan en ellos. Para ello se han elegido tres tipos de ecosistemas: un pinar de repoblacion, un robledal y un encinar, que constituyen las formaciones arboladas mas frecuentes en la provincia de leon, y que sufren el impacto del fuego. Se estudia por un lado la estructura de la vegetacion que luego se comparara con la estructura de la comunidad ornitica de las zonas. Se estudian los parametros ecologicos de la comunidad ornitica en cada zona de estudio, asi como con el estudio de la abundancia especifica de cada zona. A continuacion se realiza una caracterizacion de las zonas de estudio a partir de la estructura de la comunidad de aves. Se clasifican los ecosistemas de las zonas de estudio en funcion de la presencia de las diferentes especies de aves. Por ultimo se estudia el uso diferencial que cada una de las especies aviares presentes en el estudio realiza de cada habitat, tanto en su estado quemado como en el no afectado por incendios forestales.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Control: False Alarms versus Misses

Thirty-two undergraduate pilots from the University of Illinois School of Aviation performed simulated military reconnaissance missions with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Pilots were required to: a) navigate the UAV through a series of mission legs, b) search for possible targets of opportunity, and c) monitor system health. They performed the missions under three types of auditory auto-alert aids (a 100% reliable system, a 67% reliable system with automation false alarms, and a 67% reliable system with automation misses), as well as a non-automated baseline condition. Results indicate that while reliable automation can benefit performance relative to baseline in the automated task, the unreliable automation aids reduced performance to that of baseline or worse. The automation false alarms and misses harmed performance in qualitatively different ways, with false alarm prone automation appearing to cause more damage than miss prone automation to both the automated task and the concurrent target search task.
Changes in Function and Disability After Resistance Training: Does Velocity Matter?: A Pilot Study

Sayers SP, Bean J, Cuoco A, LeBrasseur NK, Jette A, Fielding RA: Changes in function and disability after resistance training: Does velocity matter? A pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:605–613. ObjectiveTo compare the effects of high- and low-velocity resistance training on functional performance and disability outcomes in physically limited older women. DesignA total of 16 wk of high-velocity resistance training or traditional low-velocity resistance training consisting of knee extension and leg press exercises was performed three times per week by 30 women with self-reported disability to compare their effect on functional performance and disability. Tests of dynamic balance, stair-climb time, chair-rise time, and gait velocity were used to assess changes in functional performance. Changes in disability were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form. ResultsDynamic balance and stair-climb time improved 8% and 10%, respectively, with training. Self-reported disability, physical functioning, role physical, and mental health improved 11, 9, and 5% with training, respectively. There were no significant differences between high- and low-velocity training groups. ConclusionsHigh- and low-velocity training achieved similar improvements in functional performance and disability. Improvements in functional performance and disability were modest compared with robust increases in strength and power. Specific modes of training or behavioral strategies may be necessary to optimize improvements in these outcomes.
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Suppression in Subjects with Auditory Neuropathy

Objective The objective of this e-periment was to address: 1) whether normal efferent system function is required for normal cochlear tuning as measured by distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) suppression in humans and 2) whether cochlear function, assessed by DPOAE suppression tuning, is normal in a small group of patients with auditory neuropathy. Design DPOAE suppression tuning curves (STCs) are similar to other physiologic measures of tuning. They are generated by evoking a DPOAE with two simultaneously presented pure tones and then suppressing the distortion product with a third tone of varying frequency and level. In this study, DPOAE STCs were generated with f2 frequencies of 1500, 3000, and 6000 Hz in 15 normal-hearing adults and four subjects with documented auditory neuropathy. Tuning curve width, slope and tip characteristics, as well as rate of suppression growth were measured in each group. Contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) was also recorded as an inde- of medial efferent function. Results Results show that the four subjects with auditory neuropathy lacked efferent suppression of OAEs. However, these four subjects showed normal estimates of cochlear tuning as measured by DPOAE suppression results. Conclusions This finding suggests that normal efferent system function is not required at the time of test for normal DPOAE suppression tuning. It also suggests that cochlear function as evaluated by detailed measures of DPOAE suppression, is normal in these “typical” patients with auditory neuropathy.
Telomere biology and cellular aging in nonhuman primate cells.

To determine how cellular aging is conserved among primates, we analyzed the replicative potential and telomere shortening in skin fibroblasts of anthropoids and prosimians. The average telomere length of the New World primates Ateles geoffroyi (spider monkey) and Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey) and the Old World primates Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey), Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan), and Pan paniscus (pigmy chimpanzee) ranged from 4 to 16 kb. We found that telomere shortening limits the replicative capacity of anthropoid fibroblasts and that the expression of human telomerase produced telomere elongation and the extension of their in vitro life span. In contrast the prosimian Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemur) had both long and short telomeres and telomere shortening did not provide an absolute barrier to immortalization. Following a transient growth arrest a subset of cells showing a reduced number of chromosomes overgrew the cultures without activation of telomerase. Here we show that the presence of continuous TTAGGG repeats at telomeres and rigorous control of replicative aging by telomere shortening appear to be conserved among anthropoid primates but is less effective in prosimian lemurs.
Alcoholic beverage consumption and gastric cancer risk: A prospective population‐based study in women

The association between alcohol consumption and risk of gastric cancer remains controversial. Moreover, prospective data on the role of alcoholic beverage type are sparse. We prospectively investigated the association between total alcohol (ethanol) intake as well as specific alcoholic beverages and risk of gastric cancer in the Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population‐based cohort of 61,433 women. Alcohol intake and other dietary exposures were assessed at baseline (1987–1990) and again in 1997 using a food‐frequency questionnaire. Incident gastric cancer cases were ascertained through the Swedish Cancer Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 966,807 person‐years of follow‐up, through June 2005, 160 incident cases of gastric cancer occurred. Total alcohol intake was not significantly associated with risk of gastric cancer. Compared with nondrinkers, the multivariate HR of gastric cancer for women with an alcohol intake of 40 g or more per week was 1.33 (95% CI, 0.79–2.25). Consumption of medium‐strong/strong beer was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of gastric cancer; the multivariate HR for women who consumed more than one serving of medium‐strong/strong beer per week (median, 2.5 drinks/week) was 2.09 (95% CI, 1.11–3.93; p‐trend = 0.02) compared with no consumption. Consumption of light beer, wine, and hard liquor was not significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Our findings suggest that constituents of beer other than alcohol may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A clear-sky radiance archive from Meteosat "water vapor" observations.

A long-term archive of clear-sky Meteosat “water vapor” observations, covering the July 1983 to February 1997 period with a 3 hourly time step and a spatial resolution of 0.625°, is presented. Cloud clearing is performed using a scene selection procedure based on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project DX product. In this procedure low cloud scenes are kept because of the negligible contribution of the low atmospheric layer in this spectral band. Cloud contamination is shown to have little influence on the clear-sky radiance (CSR) field and is mainly confined to the continental Intertropical Convergence Zone with values less than 0.5 K. This scene selection yields to a significantly enhanced sampling with respect to pure clear-sky in the subtropical high regions. Homogenization of the 14 year database is performed in accordance with existing technique. A comparison to the operational radiosondes archive indicates a small bias of 0.3 K that is stable throughout the period. A first analysis of the CSR variability reveals that the intraseasonal variance over the subtropical dry regions has a strong seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere that is not observed in the Southern Hemisphere. Such a data set completes the ones currently available to document the water vapor variability of the troposphere from climatic down to regional and daily scales.
Kainate receptors activate NF‐κB via MAP kinase in striatal neurones

The transcription factor NF-κB has been implicated in the synaptic plasticity and neurotoxicity mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors in the striatum. However, the class of glutamate receptor and the intracellular pathways involved have not been determined. Kainate, but not AMPA or NMDA, was found to activate NF-κB in superfused slices of rat striatum. A similar activation was produced by the calcium ionophore A23187. The NF-κB activation by kainate was not observed in the absence of extracellular calcium, and was blocked by the p44/p42 MAP kinase inhibitor PD98059, but not by the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580. This demonstrates that striatal kainate receptors are coupled to NF-κB activation via calcium influx and p44/p42 MAP kinase activation.
On a problem of M. A. Zorn

in which a and b are complex numbers, transforms the formal development F= Ei,j aijxiyi into a power series Fa,b(t) with a nonvanishing radius of convergence, the series F= Ei I aijxiyil converges for sufficiently small I xj and I yI. The conclusion is, in other terms: F is the Taylor series of a function of two complex variables x, y which is analytic at the point (x=O, y=O). M. A. Zorn suggested, and Rimhak Ree [2] proved recently, that it is sufficient to consider, in the hypothesis, the substitutions Sab with a and b real. This result is however incomplete: we are here resolving the following problem: what are the minimal conditions which must be imposed on a class [Sab] of substitutions (1.1) transforming F into a convergent power series Fa,b(t), in order that the preceding conclusion hold for any given formal development F? It is convenient, for our purpose, to introduce the following definition. DEFINITION. The class [Sa,b] of substitutions (1.1) is called normal if the convergence of the power series Fa,b(t) for every SabE [Sa,b] implies for any given formal development F to be the Taylor series of an analytic function of x, y. The following remarks will be useful: if X is a complex number different from zero, and a ==Xa, j3 =Xb, then the series Fao(t) and Fab(t) are simultaneously convergent or divergent; the substitution S00 is degenerate and we may suppose that it is excluded from [Sa,b]. We consider therefore the correspondences
Demande d'éducation et taille de la famille dans l'agglomération d'Antananarivo

Cet article explore la relation entre l'education des enfants d'un menage et la taille de la famille a Antananarivo (Madagascar). Les etudes, relativement nombreuses, faites sur le lien entre l'education des enfants et la taille de la fratrie, ont montre qu'il existait un arbitrage entre ces deux variables, concluant souvent a l'existence d'un «cout de la fratrie». Ce «cout de la fratrie» se traduit par le fait que les enfants issus d'une famille nombreuse, en raison d'une dilution des ressources (monetaires, temporelles et materielles) du menage, reussissent moins bien dans leurs etudes. ; Nos resultats ont montre l'existence d'un effet inverse entre les deux variables, que ce soit en termes de performances scolaires (obtention des diplomes, niveau atteint) qu'en termes d'efforts educatifs des parents. Il apparait cependant que cette relation n'est vraiment marquee qu'a partir d'une certaine taille seuil. En effet, c'est surtout au-dela de quatre enfants que la degradation des indicateurs de qualite est reellement visible.
HSSEC strategy for decode-and-forward-relaying systems over Nakagami-m fading channels

Distributed switched diversity combining has drawn significant attention in the recent past due to its low-complexity nature in terms of channel state information requirement at the receiving end to achieve full diversity order. In this study, the authors propose a hybrid selection and switch-and-examine combining (HSSEC) scheme, which is a combination of selection combining and SEC schemes, for a multi-relay decode-and-forward system to improve the performance of distributed switched diversity combining schemes proposed in the literature. Furthermore, the performance of HSSEC scheme is investigated over non-identical Nakagami-m fading channels. Average end-to-end symbol error probability (SEP) expression is derived for M-ary phase-shift keying signalling, and in addition asymptotic SEP expression is also derived to analyse diversity order. From the derived asymptotic expression, it is inferred that the HSSEC scheme attains full diversity order over Nakagami-m fading channels, except for the case when threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is very much lesser than the average SNR. Furthermore, exact outage probability expression is derived for the HSSEC scheme. Finally, in the numerical results, the outage and SEP performances are compared with other schemes proposed in the literature.
Title : Year : Version : Better user-developer communication in service development by collaborative physical modelling 2016

Making the service use experience visible and facilitating the communication between the users and the provider organisation are persistent challenges. We present a proof of concept for utilising a physical modelling approach called collaborative physical modelling (CPM) to reveal the different stakeholder interpretations of a service and to extract these interpretations in a format that can be easily shared and compared, thus facilitating user-developer communication. To demonstrate the use of this method, CPM is used in three differing cases. Our proof of concept brings relief to managers who understand the need for involving users in the service development but who are constantly bound by limited resources. We encourage managers to take advantage of this low-cost, time-efficient and easy-to-adopt physical modelling approach before jumping into more complicated and resource-intensive methods.
Neuropsychological assessment of young people at high genetic risk for developing schizophrenia compared with controls: preliminary findings of the Edinburgh High Risk Study (EHRS)

Background. Finding risk indicators for schizophrenia among groups of individuals at high genetic risk for the disorder, has been the driving force of the high risk paradigm. The current study describes the preliminary results of a neuropsychological assessment battery conducted on the first 50% of subjects from the Edinburgh High Risk Study. Methods. One hundred and four high risk subjects and 33 normal controls, age and sex matched, were given a neuropsychological assessment battery. The areas of function assessed and reported here include intellectual function, executive function, perceptual motor speed, mental control/encoding, verbal ability and language, learning and memory measures, and handedness. Results. The high risk subjects performed significantly more poorly than the control subjects in the following domains of neuropsychological function: intellectual function, executive function, mental control/encoding and learning, and memory. Controlling for IQ, high risk subjects made significantly more errors on the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT), took longer to complete section A of the HSCT, had lower scores on the delayed recall condition of the visual reproductions subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and had significantly poorer Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) standardized scores. The presence of significant group by IQ interactions for the RBMT and time to complete section A of the HSCT suggested that differences among the groups were more marked in the lower IQ range. Performance on the HSCT was found to be related to the degree of family history of schizophrenia. Conclusions. High risk subjects performed more poorly than controls on all tests of intellectual function and on aspects of executive function and memory.
Depression and disability pension in Finland

During the period 1987‐1994 there has been a threefold increase in disability pensions granted to individuals with affective disorders in Finland. Possible reasons for this development include a deep economic recession, changes in the diagnostic system, and better recognition of affective disorders. Against this background, it seems relevant to ask why, over the same period, the functional capacity of depressive patients has markedly deteriorated, causing an increase in disability pensions, despite the fact that many new drugs and other treatments have become available.
Review: Bone tissue engineering: The role of interstitial fluid flow

It is well established that vascularization is required for effective bone healing. This implies that blood flow and interstitial fluid (ISF) flow are required for healing and maintenance of bone. The fact that changes in bone blood flow and ISF flow are associated with changes in bone remodeling and formation support this theory. ISF flow in bone results from transcortical pressure gradients produced by vascular and hydrostatic pressure, and mechanical loading. Conditions observed to alter flow rates include increases in venous pressure in hypertension, fluid shifts occurring in bedrest and microgravity, increases in vascularization during the injury‐healing response, and mechanical compression and bending of bone during exercise. These conditions also induce changes in bone remodeling. Previously, we hypothesized that interstitial fluid flow in bone, and in particular fluid shear stress, serves to mediate signal transduction in mechanical loading‐ and injury‐induced remodeling. In addition, we proposed that a lack or decrease of ISF flow results in the bone loss observed in disuse and microgravity. The purpose of this article is to review ISF flow in bone and its role in osteogenesis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.