Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for Migraine in the General Population: Validation of A Simple Questionnaire

We present validation of a simple questionnaire designed to screen the general population for migraine. It comprises four questions: (1) “Have you ever had migraine? ” (2) “Have you ever had severe headache accompanied by nausea? ” (3) “Have you ever had severe headache accompanied by hypersensitivity to sound and light? ” (4) “Have you ever had visual disturbances lasting 5–60 min followed by headache? ” A telephone interview carried out by a physician was used as an index of validity. The study population was 5,360 twins from the population-based Danish Twin Registry. All twin pairs where at least one twin had answered “yes” to at least one of our questions were eligible for the telephone interview (n=2,272 twins). The response rate to the questionnaire was 87%; the participation rate in the telephone interview was 90%. The questionnaire ascertained 85% of all migraineurs (sensitivity). A combination of two questions (questions 1 and 4) extracted 93% of the twins with migraine with aura and 74% of the twins with migraine without aura, yet only 26% of the sample needed to be interviewed. We conclude that in the Danish population two simple questions are sufficient to screen for migraine in selecting participants for a diagnostic clinical interview. Our questionnaire clearly merits further study to document its universal applicability.
Structured Group Psychotherapy in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results of An Open Multicentre Study

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious mental disorder that often persists in adulthood. In a pilot study, a structured skills training group program for adult ADHD led to significant symptomatic improvements. The present study evaluated the program's effectiveness, feasibility, and patient acceptability in a multicenter setting. Seventy-two adult ADHD patients were assigned to 13 two-hour weekly sessions at 4 different therapy sites. The therapy was well tolerated and led to significant improvements of ADHD, depressive symptoms, and personal health status (p < 0.001). The factors treatment site and medication did not contribute to the overall improvement. Patients regarded the program topics “behavioral analyses,” “mindfulness,” and “emotion regulation” as the most helpful. In this multicenter study, the therapy program showed therapist-independent effects and seemed to be disorder-specific. This warrants the effort of organizing further controlled studies.
Equivalent circuit model of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate composite

In this paper we development an equivalent circuital model of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate composite for predict its behavior in presence of dynamic electromagnetic fields. From magnetostrictive and piezoelectric constitutive equations, and using an equation of motion, we obtained magnetic-mechanical-electric equations, and then built a symmetric ad-hoc equivalent circuit about the magnetoelectric coupling. The circuit is used to predict the voltage coefficients of Terfenol/PZT laminate. It is found that the laminates have significantly higher ME coefficients near resonance frequency and that the ME voltage coefficient is significantly higher when laminate works in T-T mode respect to L-T mode.
Nontrivial Exponent for Simple Diffusion.

plicitly: fsx, td › R d d xG s x 2 x 0 , t d f s x 0 ,0 d, where Gsx, td › s4ptd 2dy2 exps2x 2 y4td is the Green’s function (or “heat kernel”) in d dimensions. The solution is characterized by a single growing length scale, the “diffusion length” Lst d, t 1 y 2 . It may come as a surprise, therefore, to discover that there is a nontrivial exponent associated with this simple process. It is the purpose of this Letter to point out that the solutions of the diffusion equation exhibit some remarkable and unexpected properties associated with their time evolution, and to present a simple theory which accounts for this behavior. We consider specifically a class of initial conditions where fsx ,0 d is a Gaussian random variable with zero mean. Our basic question is the following. What is the probability p0std that the field f at a particular point x has not changed sign up to time t? Precise numerical simulations in d › 1 and 2, discussed below, demonstrate a power-law decay of the form p0st d, t 2u , with u › 0.1207 6 0.0005 for d › 1 and 0.1875 6 0.0010 for d › 2. We will present a simple analytic treatment which gives results in extraordinarily good agreement with the simulations. Furthermore, the analysis gives the more general result pnst1, t2 d, c n flnst2yt1dg n st1yt2d 2u for the probability that the field changes sign n times between t1 and t2, for t2 ? t1. The key idea underlying these results is that the Gaussian process fsx, td is a Gaussian stationary process in terms of a new time variable T › ln t. The central assumption in the analysis is that the intervals between successive zeros of fsx, Td can be treated as independent. Exponents u analogous to that introduced above have recently excited much interest in other contexts [1 ‐10]. The simplest such system is the d › 1 Ising model at temperature T › 0. For evolution under Glauber dynamics from a random initial state, the probability that a given spin has not flipped up to time t decays as t 2u ,
Improvement in clinical work through feedback: intervention study

We have frequently found an unacceptable number of hospital records and discharge reports lacking even the most basic information. To improve on this, we reviewed our hospital records and discharge reports on a regular basis, and we sent out questionnaires on quality of care to patients shortly after discharge. The hospital's medical staff received the results as a summarised report every other week. We deliberately disclosed only half of the variables studied. At the end of one year, the results were compared with those obtained before the intervention. Our study took place from September 1994 to October 1995 at the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Troms⊘ (120 beds and 45 doctors). We reviewed the hospital records for two sets of information: variables that were disclosed to the staff (past or present occupation, smoking habits, general physical condition, and blood pressure) …
Nucleic Acid Determination in Storage Tissues of Higher Plants.

in the evaluation of catabolic pathways for glucose in corn roots. Plant Physiol. 34: 580-582. 20. ROMBERGER, J. A. & G. NORTON. 1961. Changing respiratory pathways in potato tuber slices. Plant Physiol. 36: 20-29. 21. SAMBORSKI, D. J. & M. SHAW. 1956. The physiology of host-parasite relations. II. The effect of Puccinia graminis tritici. Erikss & Henn. on the respiration of the first leaf of resistant & susceptible species of wheat. Can. J. Botany 34: 601-609. 22. SHAW, M. & D. J. SAMBORSKI. 1957. The physiology of host-parasite relations. III. The pattern of respiration in rusted & mildewed cereal leaves. Can. J. Botany 35: 389-407. 23. SHAW, M. , D. J. SAMBORSKI, & A. OAKS. 1958. Some effects of indoleacetic acid & maleic hydrazide on the respiration & flowering of wheat. Can. J. Botany 36: 233-237. 24. URITANI, I. & T. AKAZAWA. 1959. Alteration of the respiratory pattern in infected plants. ln: Plant Pathology. J. G. Horsfall, A. E. Diamond, eds. Vol. I. Pp. 349-390. Academic Press, New York. 25. URITANT, I. , T. AKAZAWA, & M. URITANI. 1954. Increase of respiratory rate in sweet potato tissue infected with black rot. Nature 174: 1060. 26. URITANI, I. & M. A. STAHMANN. 1961. Change in nitrogen metabolism of sweet potato with black rot. Plant Physiol. 36: 770-782. 27. WEINMANN, E. 0. , E. H. STRISOWER, & L. L. CHAIKOFF. 1957. Conversion of fatty acids to carbohydrates,: Application of isotopes to this problem & role of the Krebs cycle as a synthetic pathway. Physiol. Rev. 37: 252-272.
Effects of static or dynamic mechanical stresses on osteoblast phenotype expression in three‐dimensional contractile collagen gels

Studies performed at tissular (three‐dimensional, 3‐D) or cellular (two‐dimensional, 2‐D) levels showed that the loading pattern plays a crucial role in the osteoblastic physiology. In this study, we attempted to investigate the response of a 3‐D osteoblastic culture submitted to either no external stress or static or dynamic stresses. Rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) were embedded within collagen type I lattices and studied for 3 weeks. Entrapment and proliferation of cells within the hydrated collagen gel resulted in the generation of contractile forces, which led to contraction of the collagen gel. We used this ability to evaluate the influence of three modes of mechanical stresses on the cell proliferation and differentiation: (1) the freely retracted gels (FRG) were floating in the medium, (2) the tense gels (TG) were stretched statically and isometrically, with contraction prevented in the longitudinal axis, and (3) the dynamic gels (DG) were floating gels submitted to periodic stresses (50 or 25 rpm frequency). Gels showed maximum contraction at day 12 in 50 rpm DG, followed by 25 rpm DG, then FRG (88%, 81%, 70%, respectively) and at day 16 in TG (33%). The proliferation rate was greater in TG than in FRG (+52%) but remained low in both DGs. Gel dimensions were related to the collagen concentration and on a minor extent to cell number. Cells in DG appeared rounder and larger than in other conditions. In TG, cells were elongated and oriented primarily along the tension axis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that tension exerted by cells in TG led to reorientation of collagen fibers which, in turn, determined the spatial orientation and morphology of the cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed at maximum proliferation showed a vast majority of cells with a distended well‐developed RER filled with granular material and numerous mitochondria. Alkaline phosphatase activity peaked close to the proliferation peak in FRG, whereas in TG, a biphasic curve was observed with a small peak at day 4 and the main peak at day 16. In DG, this activity was lower than in the two other conditions. A similar time course was observed for alkaline phosphatase gene expression as assessed by Northern blots. Regardless of the conditions, osteocalcin level showed a triphasic pattern: a first increase at day 2, followed by a decrease from day 4 to 14, and a second increase above initial values at day 18. Microanalysis‐x indicated that mineralization occurred after 14 days and TEM showed crystals within the matrix. We showed that static and dynamic mechanical stresses, in concert with 3‐D collagen matrices, played a significant role on the phenotypic modulation of osteoblast‐like cells. This experimental model provided a tool to investigate the significance and the mechanisms of mechanical activity of the 3‐D cultured osteoblast‐like cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 76:217–230, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formal and Informal Control as Complement or Substitute? The Role of the Task Environment

The traditional view of control in organizations largely implies an “either-or” substitution logic, as opposed to the complementarity logic implied in the more recent view of control. This study examines whether formal and informal controls complement or substitute each other in their influence on performance outcomes, and whether such an interaction differs for more or less exploratory tasks. Our findings from an analysis of 184 strategic initiative teams in a cross-industry multicountry sample of firms support the complementary view. More specifically, we find support for our hypotheses that the combined use of formal and informal control has a positive impact on the performance of initiative teams, and that this complementary effect is more pronounced when the degree of exploration is lower. Accordingly, our study contributes to the organizational control literature both theoretically—by providing an explicit theoretical rationale for the complementary view—and empirically—by virtue of providing an empirical test of the interactive effects of formal and informal control.
Child development and family mental health in war and military violence: The Palestinian experience

The article reviews developmental research among Palestinians living in Gaza. The aims are, first, to analyze how exposure to traumatic events associates with children's mental health and their cognitive, emotional and social development. Second, we aimed to model familial and symbolic processes that can either harm or protect the mental health of children. Third, we wanted to learn who the resilient children are in conditions of war and military violence. The reviewed research has been conducted in the context of a Palestinian non-governmental organization, the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, during the political upheavals involving hopes for peace and intensive war and violence: the First Intifada (1987—1993), the Palestinian Authority rule (1994— ) and the Second Al Aqsa Intifada (2001— ). The results show that life threat, violence and losses form a risk for increased psychological distress. There are, however, a myriad of child, family and society related factors and psycho-socio-physiological processes that protect child development and mental health. They include, e.g. loving and wisely guiding parenting, children's flexible and high cognitive capacity, flexible and multiple coping strategies and narrative and symbolic nocturnal dreaming, as well as social support and good peer relations. Different models explain psychological distress and positive resources, including child resilience. Exposure to trauma is crucial in predicting distress, while familial and developmental issues are important in building resilience. Children's conscious and unconscious cognitive-emotional processes are crucial for underlying mental health and knowledge about them is important in tailoring evidence-based preventive interventions among war victims.
Brief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours

To test the hypothesis that self-compassion predicts better physical health and that this is partially mediated through health-promoting behaviours, 147 adults completed self-report measures of self-compassion, health-promoting behaviours and physical health. Self-compassion and health-promoting behaviours were negatively associated with physical symptom scores. Self-compassion was positively associated with health-promoting behaviours. A bootstrapped mediation model confirmed a significant direct effect of self-compassion on physical health through health-promoting behaviours (R2 = 0.13, b = −8.98, p = 0.015), which was partially mediated through health-promoting behaviours (R2 = 0.06, b = −3.16, 95 per cent confidence interval [−6.78, −0.86]). Findings underscore the potential health-promoting benefits of self-compassion.
Development of a novel immunoassay for the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin

Abstract To date there have been few published immunoassays for the important iron regulator hepcidin. This study describes a novel competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the bioactive hepcidin peptide. A rabbit anti-hepcidin polyclonal antibody was produced using synthetic hepcidin radiolabelled with 125I to produce a competitive RIA. Normal patient (n=47) samples were collected and assayed for hepcidin to determine a reference range. Other patient groups collected were ulcerative colitis (UC; n=40), iron deficiency anaemia (IDA; n=15), chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis (CKD; n=45) and chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis (HCKD; n=94). Detection limit of the assay was determined as 0.6 ng/mL. Intra-assay precision was 5 ng/mL (7.2%) and 50 ng/mL (5.8%), inter-assay precision was 5 ng/mL (7.6%) and 50 ng/mL (6.7%). Analytical recovery was 98% (5 ng/mL), 94% (10 ng/mL) and 97% (50 ng/mL). The assay was linear up to 200 ng/mL. No demonstrable cross-reactivity with human insulin, glucagon I, angiotensinogen I, β-defensin 1–4, α-defensin-1 and plectasin was observed. There was significant correlation (r=0.96, P≤0.0001) between the hepcidin RIA and an established hepcidin SELDI-TOF-MS method. Analysis of the normal human samples gave a reference range of 1.1–55 ng/mL for hepcidin. Further statistical evaluation revealed a significant difference between male and female hepcidin levels. There was significant correlation between hepcidin and ferritin in the control group (r=0.6, P≤0.0001). There was also a significant difference between the normal and disease groups (P≤0.0001). Healthy volunteers (n=10) showed a diurnal increase in plasma hepcidin at 4.00 pm compared to 8.00 am. A robust and optimised immunoassay for bioactive hepcidin has been produced and the patient sample results obtained further validates the important role of hepcidin in iron regulation, and will allow further investigation of this important peptide and its role in iron homeostasis.
In Vivo Comparison of Chronic Wasting Disease Infectivity from Deer with Variation at Prion Protein Residue 96

ABSTRACT Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of cervids that causes neurodegeneration and death. Susceptibility to prion infections, including CWD, can be dependent on the amino acid sequence of the host prion protein (PrP). Here, CWD agent obtained from a deer expressing the 96SS genotype, associated with partial resistance to CWD, was used to infect transgenic (tg) mice expressing either 96GG or 96SS deer PrP. Transgenic mice expressing 96GG deer PrP succumbed to this agent, but tg mice expressing 96SS deer PrP did not. Additional studies using inocula from 96GG deer showed no transmission to 96SS PrP mice and delayed disease in 96GS mice. Thus, 96S PrP played an inhibitory role in disease progression in tg mice.
Delivering the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) by web camera: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND Speech disorders are a feature of Parkinson's disease, typically worsening as the disease progresses. The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) was developed to address these difficulties. It targets vocal loudness as a means of increasing vocal effort and improving coordination across the subsystems of speech. AIMS Currently LSVT is not widely available, and there are practical difficulties associated with the delivery of an intensive treatment in an environment of resource constraints in the National Health Service (NHS). Delivery of LSVT over the World-Wide Web may address some of these difficulties. METHODS & PROCEDURES A feasibility study is reported in which three individuals with speech disorders resulting from Parkinson's disease received LSVT over the Internet, using broadband connection and a web camera. Participants were seen face to face for every fourth session in order to build a personal relationship, measure vocal sound pressure level (SPL) during treatment, and to review and prepare homework tasks. All other sessions were delivered over the Internet. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Broadly similar treatment gains were found between individuals treated over the Internet and those treated face to face. Gains were maintained or improved at an assessment two months after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates that delivery of LSVT over the Internet is feasible, and that a larger trial would be appropriate to establish cost and treatment effectiveness.
Theta Rhythmic Clock-Like Activity of Single Units in the Mouse Hippocampus

Theta rhythmic clock-like activity was observed in a small group of hippocampal CA1 neurons in freely behaving mice. These neurons were only persistently activated during theta states of waking exploration and rapid eye movement sleep, but were almost silent during the non-theta state of slow-wave sleep. Interestingly, these cells displayed a theta clock-like simple-spike firing pattern, and were capable of firing one spike per theta cycle during theta states. This is the first report of a unique class of hippocampal neurons with a clock-like firing pattern at the theta rhythm. We speculate that these cells may act as a temporal reference to participate in the theta-related temporal coding in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Theta oscillations, as the predominant rhythms in the hippocampus during waking exploration and rapid eye movement sleep, may be critical for temporal coding/decoding of neuronal information, and theta-phase precession in hippocampal place cells is one of the best demonstrations of such temporal coding. Here, we show that a unique small class of hippocampal CA1 neurons fired with a theta rhythmic clock-like firing pattern during theta states. These firing characteristics support the notion that these neurons may play a critical role in theta-related temporal coding in the hippocampus.
Electromyographic analysis of two techniques for squat lifting.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different alignments of the lumbar spine and three different loads on electromyographic activity of the erector spinae (ES) and oblique abdominal (OA) muscles during squat lifting. Nineteen healthy subjects (8 men, 11 women) participated in this study. Each subject performed squat lifts both with the lumbar spine aligned in "back-bowed-in" (BBI), or normal, lordosis and with the lumbar spine aligned in "back-bowed-out" (BBO), or relatively less, lordosis. Based on total duration, the lift was divided into two equal phases. Electromyographic activity of each muscle was quantified for each half of the lift and normalized to the total EMG produced by the muscle during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. A three-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to analyze the effects of position of the lumbar spine, timing, and load on the amount of EMG activity during lifting. For all loads, ES muscle activity was greater during the first half of the BBI lift, whereas OA muscle activity was greater during the first half of the lift, regardless of the lifting style (p less than .01). The greater ES and OA muscle activity occurring during the crucial initial period in the BBI lift may provide the best protection for the lumbar spine.
Challenges in Approaching Metasynthesis Research

The overall aim of this study was to contribute to the development of metasynthesis through an analysis of the challenges involved. The study grew out of the critique of qualitative metaresearch raised by current developers of metamethodologies. Different views on the application of methodologies have emerged in the literature, contributing to confusion and ambiguity concerning the challenging questions of what, why, how, and who in metasynthesis research, which might increase the risk of misunderstanding. The roots of metasynthesis research are seen as multifaceted and influencing the development of the methods in different directions. The primary worth of metasynthesis is theoretical and/or methodological development (synthesis) combined with the potential for reflection: going beyond and behind the studies (meta). Metasynthesis research has also the potential to raise questions of research collaboration, culture, and language.