Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transfer Learning Framework for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech using a Large-Scale Unlabeled Speech Corpus

Training a text-to-speech (TTS) model requires a large scale text labeled speech corpus, which is troublesome to collect. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning framework for TTS that utilizes a large amount of unlabeled speech dataset for pre-training. By leveraging wav2vec2.0 representation, unlabeled speech can highly improve performance, especially in the lack of labeled speech. We also extend the proposed method to zero-shot multi-speaker TTS (ZS-TTS). The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of naturalness, intelligibility, and speaker generalization. We highlight that the single speaker TTS model fine-tuned on only 10 minutes of labeled dataset outperforms the other baselines, and the ZS-TTS model fine-tuned on only 30 minutes of single speaker dataset can generate the voice of the arbitrary speaker, by pre-training on unlabeled multi-speaker speech corpus.
Immune complex-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is mediated via activating but not inhibitory Fcγ receptors on myeloid precursor cells

Objective To investigate the role of Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) in osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function. Methods Bone destruction was analysed in arthritic knee joints of several FcγR-knockout mouse strains. Unfractionated bone marrow cells were differentiated in vitro towards osteoclasts in the absence or presence of immune complexes (ICs) and stimulated thereafter for 24 h with tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, mature osteoclasts were stimulated with ICs. Experiments were analysed for osteoclast formation, bone resorption and the expression of FcγRs and osteoclast markers. Results Bone destruction was significantly increased in arthritic knee joints of FcγRIIB-deficient mice. All FcγR classes were highly expressed on osteoclast precursors. Expression of the inhibitory FcγRIIB was similar on mature osteoclasts compared to macrophages, whereas activating FcγR levels were significantly lower. IC stimulation of mature osteoclasts did not affect their number or their bone resorptive capacity. ICs significantly inhibited differentiation of unfractionated bone marrow cells towards osteoclasts, bone resorption and expression of osteoclast markers. In the presence of ICs, osteoclastogenesis of FcγRIIB−/− precursors and bone resorption remained inhibited. In contrast, ICs could not inhibit osteoclast formation or bone resorption of FcRγ-chain−/− precursors. When IC-inhibited osteoclastogenesis was followed by stimulation with TNFα or LPS, the inhibitory effects of ICs were overruled. Conclusion Activating FcγRs mediate IC-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, which might be overruled in the presence of proinflammatory mediators. This suggests that the balance of FcγR-mediated inflammation, through proinflammatory cytokine production, as well as the direct inhibitory effect of ICs on osteoclastogenesis determines the net effect on bone loss.
Cranial nerve, spinal root and plexus hypertrophy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

A middle-aged patient with a history of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy of over 20 years presented with new onset of numbness of the penis and impaired erections. Review of the clinical history revealed an initial presentation in his early 20s with an unsteady gait and numbness of the feet, following which he developed progressive asymmetric distal weakness and sensory loss of his lower and upper limbs. Previous electrophysiological studies had demonstrated a demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy with absent sensory nerve action potentials and markedly decreased motor nerve conduction velocities (8 m/s in the right median nerve). Raised protein content (3 g/l) had been established on cerebrospinal fluid analysis and sural nerve biopsy revealed ‘onion bulb’ formation …
Driving Goal-Directed and Experiential Online Shopping

Goal-directed and experiential online shopping are two general categories of consumer behavior on the Internet. Internet stores promoting online transactions may face challenges regarding how to satisfy distinct online shoppers. This study develops a dual-state of cognitive and affective reactions to online services and flow experiences to predict goal-directed and experiential online consumer behavior. This survey mailed 300 questionnaires to a random sample of volunteers with substantial online shopping experience. Of these, 150 samples were returned for data analysis. Empirical results from the survey indicate that the dual-state of online services is more appropriate for assessing goal-directed purchase intentions than for examining the willingness to purchase experientially. In contrast, the dual-state of flow experiences is better at assessing goal-directed purchase intentions and the willingness to purchase experientially. Finally, this study features implications for academics and practitioners.
Reticular macular lesions: a review of the phenotypic hallmarks and their clinical significance

Reticular macular lesions, also known as ‘reticular macular disease’, ‘reticular drusen’, ‘reticular pseudodrusen’, or ‘subretinal drusenoid deposits’, are a pattern of lesions commonly found in age‐related macular degeneration and best visualized using at least two imaging techniques in combination. Reticular lesions have four stages of progression observable on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, but they do not show the usual signs of regression of soft drusen (calcification and pigment changes). Furthermore, reticular lesions correlate histologically with subretinal drusenoid deposits localized between the retinal pigment epithelium and the inner segment ellipsoid band. Reticular lesions are most commonly seen in older age groups of female patients with age‐related macular degeneration and are usually bilateral. They are not clearly associated with known age‐related macular degeneration genes and are highly associated with late‐stage age‐related macular degeneration and an increased mortality rate. They are also associated with alterations in the neural retina and choroid.
Atherosclerotic plaques in the internal carotid artery and associations with lung function assessed by different methods

Background: Previous studies on associations between reduced lung function and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have mainly been based on forced expiratory volume in 1‐s (FEV1) and vital capacity (VC). This study examined potential associations between five different lung function variables and plaques in the internal carotid artery (ICA).
Mapping an origin of DNA replication at a single-copy locus in exponentially proliferating mammalian cells

A general method for determining the physical location of an origin of bidirectional DNA replication has been developed recently and shown to be capable of correctly identifying the simian virus 40 origin of replication (L. Vassilev and E. M. Johnson, Nucleic Acids Res. 17:7693-7705, 1989). The advantage of this method over others previously reported is that it avoids the use of metabolic inhibitors, the requirement for cell synchronization, and the need for multiple copies of the origin sequence. Application of this method to exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary cells containing the nonamplified, single-copy dihydrofolate reductase gene locus revealed that DNA replication begins bidirectionally in an initiation zone approximately 2.5 kilobases long centered about 17 kilobases downstream of the DHFR gene, coinciding with previously described early replicating sequences. These results demonstrate the utility of this mapping protocol for identifying cellular origins of replication and suggest that the same cellular origin is used in both the normal and the amplified DHFR locus.
Acute and chronic toxic effects of bisphenol a on Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus

The acute and chronic toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) and Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) were not well understood. The indoor experiments were carried out to observe and analyze the BPA‐induced changes. Results of the observations showed that in acute tests BPA could significantly inhibit the growth of both algae, whereas chronic exposure hardly displayed similar trend. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities of both algae were promoted in all the treatments. Chlorophyll a synthesis of the two algae exhibited similar inhibitory trend in short‐term treatments, and in chronic tests C. pyrenoidosa hardly resulted in visible influence, whereas in contrast, dose‐dependent inhibitory effects of S. obliquus could be clearly observed. The experimental results indicated that the growth and Chlorophyll a syntheses of S.obliquus were more sensitive in response to BPA than that of C. pyrenoidosa, whereas for SOD andCAT activities, C. pyrenoidosa was more susceptible. This research provides a basic understanding of BPA toxicity to aquatic organisms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 714–722, 2014.
Atypical antipsychotics — serotonergic mechanisms but don't forget dopamine

Busatto and Kerwin point out that for many of the currently used antipsychotic drugs there is an excellent correlation between the therapeutic doses used and the affinities of the drugs at the group of D2-like dopamine receptors (which includes D2, D3 and D4). No such general correlation is observed for affinities at other receptors including serotonin receptors. Therefore it seems reasonable to suppose that these drugs are achieving their therapeutic actions via blockade of D2-like receptors. These drugs would be considered to be typical (or classical) antipsychotic drugs in that they can induce extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) in addition to their therapeutic antipsychotic effect. For atypical antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine, it is frequently assumed that the mechanism of action cannot be primarily via dopamine receptor antagonism. This is based on the observation that the affinity at D2 receptors is too low for there to be high levels of binding at the levels of free clozapine observed in the plasma at therapeutic doses. Also, it has been reported that positron emission tomography (PET) scans show that clozapine occupies lower levels of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia than do typical antipsychotics. We wish to point out that there is still considerable uncertainty over these
Change in location of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase among yeasts in relation to the arginase/ornithine carbamoyltransferase regulatory complex and the energy status of the cells.

Partial fractionation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae spheroplast lysate shows that arginase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase have the same distribution as the cytosol marker enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The same holds true in stepwise homo-genization experiments of spheroplast lysates of S. cerevisiae. This second method applied to Debaryomyces hansenii, Hansenula anomala and Schizosaccharomyces pombe shows, in contrast, that ornithine carbamoyltransferase is particulate in these yeasts. Its solubilization is in line with that of citrate synthase taken as mitochondrial matrix marker, whereas arginase acts like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe carbamoylphosphate synthetase is particulate too. Density gradient centrifugation of a particulate fraction of Schizosaccharomyces pombe suggests that ornithine carbamoyltransferase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase are associated with the mitochondria. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in some other yeasts [Messenguy & Wiame (1969) FEBS Lett. 3, 47–49; Wiame (1974) Proc. 9th Meet. Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. , pp. 161–177] arginase binds to ornithine carbamoyltransferase in the presence of arginine and ornithine, thereby inhibiting its activity but leaving arginase activity unmodified. This regulation by reversible stoechiometric interaction between the two enzymes prevents recycling of ornithine to arginine when the latter is used as a source of nitrogen. Results presented here show a correlation between the shift of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase from mitochondrial to extramitochondrial fraction and the existence of arginase/ornithine carbamoyltransferase regulatory interaction. This regulation and extramitochondrial ornithine carbamoyltransferase are absent from obligate aerobe yeasts and may reflect an adaptation to the fermentative type of energy production.
Mature T‐cell leukemias

Mature T‐cell and NK‐cell leukemias are a group of relatively uncommon neoplasms derived from mature or postthymic T‐cells accounting for a relatively small percentage of lymphoid malignancies. The recent availability of modern immunophenotypic and molecular tools has allowed a better distinction of these disorders from their B‐cell counterparts. Similarly, identification of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, as well as plausible mechanisms through which these molecular events influence cellular signaling pathways, have created further insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders. Furthermore, the availability of new agents such as alemtuzumab has generated significant interest in devising specific therapeutic strategies for these malignancies. Herein, we review the clinical and pathological features of mature T‐cell leukemias. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies of Pima Indians.

BACKGROUND The relative roles of obesity, insulin resistance, insulin secretory dysfunction, and excess hepatic glucose production in the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are controversial. We conducted a prospective study to determine which of these factors predicted the development of the disease in a group of Pima Indians. METHODS A body-composition assessment, oral and intravenous glucose-tolerance tests, and a hyperinsulinemic--euglycemic clamp study were performed in 200 non-diabetic Pima Indians (87 women and 113 men; mean [+/- SD] age, 26 +/- 6 years). The subjects were followed yearly thereafter for an average of 5.3 years. RESULTS Diabetes developed in 38 subjects during follow-up. Obesity, insulin resistance (independent of obesity), and low acute plasma insulin response to intravenous glucose (with the degree of obesity and insulin resistance taken into account) were predictors of NIDDM: The six-year cumulative incidence of NIDDM was 39 percent in persons with values below the median for both insulin action and acute insulin response, 27 percent in those with values below the median for insulin action but above that for acute insulin response, 13 percent in those with values above the median for insulin action and below that for acute insulin response, and 0 in those with values originally above the median for both characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of NIDDM: A low acute insulin response to glucose is an additional but weaker risk factor.
Spatial correction of echo planar imaging deformation for subject specific diffusion tensor MRI analysis

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) is a specialized mode of MRI, used for functional imaging of the body's internal structures. Echo planar imaging (EPI), the currently accepted protocol for acquiring DTI, suffers from severe image artefact, which complicates analysis of the data. We present our current progress in registration of T2-weighted MRI acquired with EPI and conventional protocols. The reported algorithm uses a multiresolution registration method with B-spline transform to correct for spatial deformation. This is the first step in registration of a full DTI dataset. It was found that direct application of a popular B- spline algorithm can correct some deformation in the images but further refinements are required to achieve more accurate results.
Kinetic Analysis of Membrane Potential Dye Response to NaV1.7 Channel Activation Identifies Antagonists with Pharmacological Selectivity against NaV1.5

The NaV1.7 voltage-gated sodium channel is a highly valued target for the treatment of neuropathic pain due to its expression in pain-sensing neurons and human genetic mutations in the gene encoding NaV1.7, resulting in either loss-of-function (e.g., congenital analgesia) or gain-of-function (e.g., paroxysmal extreme pain disorder) pain phenotypes. We exploited existing technologies in a novel manner to identify selective antagonists of NaV1.7. A full-deck high-throughput screen was developed for both NaV1.7 and cardiac NaV1.5 channels using a cell-based membrane potential dye FLIPR assay. In assay development, known local anesthetic site inhibitors produced a decrease in maximal response; however, a subset of compounds exhibited a concentration-dependent delay in the onset of the response with little change in the peak of the response at any concentration. Therefore, two methods of analysis were employed for the screen: one to measure peak response and another to measure area under the curve, which would capture the delay-to-onset phenotype. Although a number of compounds were identified by a selective reduction in peak response in NaV1.7 relative to 1.5, the AUC measurement and a subsequent refinement of this measurement were able to differentiate compounds with NaV1.7 pharmacological selectivity over NaV1.5 as confirmed in electrophysiology.
Identification of a novel genetic locus that is required for in vitro adhesion of a clinical isolate of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are food‐borne intestinal pathogens with a low infectious dose. Adhesion of some EHEC strains to epithelial cells is attributed, in part, to intimin, but other factors may be required for the intestinal colonizing ability of these bacteria. In order to identify additional adherence factors of EHEC, we generated transposon mutants of a clinical EHEC isolate of serotype O111:H–, which displayed high levels of adherence to cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. One mutant was markedly deficient in CHO cell adherence, human red blood cell agglutination and autoaggregation. Sequence analysis of the gene disrupted in this mutant revealed a 9669 bp novel chromosomal open reading frame (ORF), which was designated efa1, for EHEC factor for adherence. efa1 displayed 28% amino acid identity with the predicted product of a recently described ORF from the haemolysin‐encoding plasmid of EHEC O157:H7. The amino termini of the putative products of these two genes exhibit up to 38% amino acid similarity to Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. efa1 occurred within a novel genetic locus, at least 15 kb in length, which featured a low G+C content, several insertion sequence homologues and a homologue of the Shigella flexneri enterotoxin ShET2. DNA probes prepared from different regions of efa1 hybridized with all of 116 strains of attaching–effacing E. coli (AEEC) of a variety of serotypes, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and EHEC, but with none of 91 non‐AEEC strains. Nevertheless, efa1 was not required for the attachment–effacement phenotype, and the efa1 locus was not physically linked to the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, which is responsible for this phenotype in EPEC. These findings suggest that efa1 encodes a novel virulence‐associated determinant of AEEC, which contributes to the adhesive capacity of these bacteria.
Injury mortality among ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands

Objectives: To prepare a comprehensive overview of ethnic differences in injury related mortality in the Netherlands and to determine the role of area income and urbanisation degree. Methods: Data for the period 1995–2000 were obtained from the population and cause of death registries. Injury related death rates were compared for persons from Turkish, Moroccans, Surinamese, and Antillean/Aruban origin with rates for the native Dutch population. Results: Compared with the native Dutch population, all ethnic minorities combined had an increased mortality for all injuries together (RR = 1.29). Ethnic minorities experienced a significantly higher risk of death from pedestrian accidents (RR = 1.87), drowning (RR = 2.58), poisoning (RR = 1.76), fire and scalds (RR = 1.95), and homicide (RR = 3.24). Mortality for cyclists (RR = 0.53) and motorcycle drivers (RR = 0.47) was significantly lower among ethnic minorities compared with the native Dutch. Adjustment for area income and urbanisation decreased the mortality risk difference for most of the non-traffic injuries, but showed a difference in risk for car driver and passenger accidents (RR = 1.37). Compared with the native Dutch inhabitants, Surinamese and Antillean/Aruban population had a higher risk of total injury mortality (RR = 1.33 and 1.53 respectively), while Turkish and Moroccans had increased risk only for selected conditions. Inequalities in injury mortality were the highest among children and young adults, but persisted in the age group above 50 years old. Conclusion: Ethnic differences in injury mortality in the Netherlands strongly depended on type of injury, ethnic group, sex, and age. Policies should be aimed at the prevention of high risk injuries among the most vulnerable ages and ethnic groups.
A study of Emotional Intelligence and Coping Strategies in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been highlighted as an important theoretical and practical construct. The attributes of EI are important for overall well-being and influence our ability to succeed in life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the emotional intelligences and coping strategies in nursing students. The participants were 219 college students in Daejeon, Korea. All the students were administered two instruments, the EI and Korea version in coping strategy Indicator (KCSI) scale. Descriptive statistics t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations technique were used to analyze the data with the SPSS Win 15.0 programs. Emotional intelligence was positively related to problem solving coping and social support seeking coping. The findings suggest that increased feelings of control and emotional competence assist nursing students to adopt active and effective coping strategies when dealing with stress.