Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-learning vocabulary before viewing captioned video: an eye-tracking study

ABSTRACT While there is increasing evidence that learners pick up new words while viewing video with captions (i.e. L2 subtitles), little is known about the role of instructional interventions prior to viewing. This study uses eye-movement registration to investigate the effect of pre-learning vocabulary before watching a captioned video. Thirty intermediate L2 learners of French watched a captioned video that contained ten pseudo-words in a within-subject design; five pseudo-words were pre-learned, the other half only appeared in the video. We investigated the effect of pre-learning on participants’ attention allocation to the pseudo-words in the captions, the captions that contained a pseudo-word and the corresponding images as well as in two vocabulary post-tests (i.e. a form and meaning recognition test). Four types of eye-metrics were used to analyse learners’ attention allocation: first and total fixation duration, fixation count, and regression count. Findings indicated that pre-learning does not affect participants’ fixations and time spent on the pseudo-words in the captions, the captions, and the images. However, pre-learned pseudo-words were skipped more often than unknown pseudo-words in the captions. The effect of pre-learning was more pronounced on the vocabulary post-tests. Overall, participants spent more time on test items for unknown pseudo-words.
Along‐Slope Variability of Cross‐Slope Eddy Transport in East Antarctica

Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) transport across the Antarctic continental slope regulates the delivery of heat to the shelf and its availability to melt floating ice shelves. The cross‐slope density field, calculated from profiles collected by conductivity‐temperature‐depth‐tagged marine mammals on the East Antarctic slope (0–160°E, above 1,000‐ to 3,000‐m isobaths), indicates eddy‐driven overturning: onshore transport of CDW and offshore transport of shallower Antarctic Surface Water. Enhanced eddy activity, determined by a spice standard deviation threshold in the CDW layer, is present over about a third of the East Antarctic slope analyzed. Significantly stronger CDW transport in regions of elevated spice variability produces subsurface temperature anomalies of 0.2–0.25 °C relative to the East Antarctic average. Estimating eddy diffusivity from the hydrography yields about 0.8 m2/s of warm CDW transport to the shelf break in high‐variability regions. Variability of eddy‐induced CDW transport influences the reservoir of heat available for transport across the shelf break.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENT MOTIVATIONS AND SATISFACTION WITH THE STUDY ABROAD PROGRAM

The current research primarily aims to investigate the range of motivational factors that drive students to study abroad, and secondly to explore the connection between the initial motivations, the study abroad goals achieved by the end of the study abroad program and the subsequent satisfaction with the higher educational institution. For our exploratory research we conducted 20 in-depth interviews with international students of various nationalities who participated in study abroad programs across the globe. The interviews focused on the underlying study abroad motivations that shaped the decision and also investigated the level of satisfaction regarding the host country and the host institution. 60% of the respondents were from outside of Europe, while 40% were citizens of the European Union. The analysis of the interview transcripts revealed 6 different groups of motivation that are rooted in following social norms, seeking new experiences, expected outcome, cost-benefit analysis, host institution image and host country image. The gain of new experiences prevailed as a motivational group among European citizens, while the image of the host country and host institution was secondary. For citizens outside Europe the most important study abroad motivational group was the expected outcome (such as international career), the image of the host country and host institution, while following social norms and cost-benefit analysis appeared as secondary motivators. The level of satisfaction about the study abroad program varied depending on the dominant motivational groups at each individual: international students who initially aimed to gain personal experiences were largely satisfied while those who focused on the expected outcomes and the cost-benefit analysis were generally less satisfied with their study abroad program. Based on the results institutions can better understand the forces that drive students to study abroad, offer more customized and efficient supporting programs and consequently enhance international student satisfaction.
Determinants of Urbanisation in Different Classes of Cities and Towns in India

The present paper, using data from the latest 2011 Census, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models, investigates the determinants of urbanisation in different classes of cities and towns in major states of India. Urbanisation is measured by size, growth and density of population in a city or a town. Environmental effect, spatial interaction effect and basic infrastructural facilities are used as independent variables in the study. The results show that urbanisation varies across different classes of cities and towns in India. Overall, our estimates show that favourable weather conditions encourage a city or town’s population growth and its density, but not the size of the city or town’s population. Political powers play a more important role than a city or town’s economic potential for enabling urbanisation. But the current level of infrastructure is found to have a lower effect on urbanisation. The results obtained in this study differ from earlier studies with respect to different classes of cities and towns and also with regard to metrics used for estimating urbanisation. Finally, we suggest that for promoting urbanisation, appropriate urban policies that are suitable for different classes of cities and towns have to be evolved. Otherwise, India will face the problem of unbalanced urbanisation, thereby preventing the unlocking of the full potential contribution of urbanisation to economic growth in the country.
Highlights of national history? Constitutional memory and the preambles of post-communist constitutions

ABSTRACT This article presents a comparative perspective of the preambles in the post-communist constitutions of former Soviet Bloc countries. We follow the view that constitutional memory , i.e. history through legislation in a constitution, is a form of public and institutional memory, which is the object of a variety of intensely manipulative pursuits. The central questions focus on how particular countries use history in their preambles, and how these states represent themselves. Empirically, the article addresses and compares the 29 current preambles of the successor states of the former Soviet Bloc. We argue that excessive and exclusionary use of history in constitutions becomes a significant tool in identification and identity building, which can even compromise critical academic historiography. In the light of the preambles, the longer the national history, the better. Moreover, we claim that until recent years, signs of US post-1989 hegemony can even be read in several post-communist preambles. In general, the public histories of nation states are not composed of just a single imagination, but of a multitude of competing opinions. Therefore, a comprehensive historical perspective is needed to build a broad and balanced narrative of the past, an issue not well suited for the introductory parts of constitutions.
New Caledonian Crows Can Interconnect Behaviors Learned in Different Contexts, with Different Consequences, and After Exposure to Failure

Interconnection of behaviors is a process that describes how independently acquired behavioral repertoires can be combined together as a new sequence of behaviors. Manipulations of training, training context and experience of failure in the test situation can hinder this interconnection of previously acquired behaviors. We tested whether wild New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) could perform a sequence of six independently acquired behaviors in order to fetch a stone from inside a box in a nearby room and use it to gain food from a stone dropping apparatus. However, crows were only trained on three or four of the six behaviors required, and these prerequisites were trained in different contexts. One of the crows that learned four prerequisites solved the task. Neither of the crows that learned three prerequisites solved the task. The crows that learned four prerequisites, but did not solve the problem, were later trained in an additional behavior and then were able to solve the task. These results shows that New Caledonian crows are able to produce novel behavioral solutions to new problems by interconnecting behaviors learned in different contexts, with different consequences and despite experience of failure after the first exposure to the task.
Gender Discrimination against Female Managers and Professionals in Sri Lankan Private Sector

Gender discrimination and sexual harassment contradict with the rights of women protected by law and practices at private sector organizations in Sri Lanka that may limit the career advancement of female employees. Several empirical researches on gender discrimination confirmed the impact of gender discriminations and sexual harassments on work motivation and productivity. However, this debilitating effect on the motivation and productivity of the female managers and professionals in Sri Lanka has not seen any empirical conclusion. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between workplace gender discrimination and sexual harassment with employees works motivation and productivity. The study conducted by selecting 66 female employees (44 female managers/ professionals, 22 HR managers) as a sample from 22 medium and large scale organizations covering the Sri Lankan private sector. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses conduct on collected data through a self-administered questionnaire. The results confirmed the incidents of gender discrimination and sexual harassment are present in recruitment and promotions activities in the selected organizations. However, the results did not support the relationships between gender discrimination and the loss of motivation and productivity at work.
Cultural diversity and work engagement in nursing: A qualitative case study analysis

Objective: This study highlights the importance of understanding the impact of cultural diversity on work engagement in Saudi Arabia. Nurse leaders are appointed the challenging task of maintaining and promoting state-of-the art, work engagement efforts within hospitals that differ in structure, ownership, the various generations of nurses and their cultural diversity.Methods: The study utilized an inductive, interpretive, and explanatory multiple case study interview design of 16 nurses across 8 hospitals in Saudi Arabia.Results: We identified three main themes: family values and background, diverse personal culture and perceived organizational microclimate.Conclusions: This study showed that cultural differences between Saudi and expatriates nurses had an impact on work engagement. These findings are generalizable to other countries that rely heavily on immigrant nurse workers to fill the shortage. The findings from this study will create awareness of cultural interaction among nurses and its impact on nursing practice as the country transitions through a women empowerment movement while attaining Saudi’s “Vision 2030”.
Authenticity, transition and mathematical competence: an exploration of the values and ideology underpinning an increase in the amount of mathematics in the science curriculum in England

ABSTRACT Science is a much-revised and contested area of the curriculum. A new curriculum has recently been introduced in England which includes far more mathematical aspects of science than previous versions. This study asks what the influences, ideologies and values are which led to this change. A two-phase qualitative approach was followed comprising semi-structured interviews with key contributors to the science and mathematics education discourse together with an analysis of government and other influential documentation. This study is unusual both in its focus on those who were responsible for making science education policy and its focus on the policy development of the mathematical aspects of the science curriculum. The findings suggest that drivers for increasing the amount of mathematics in science include concerns about standards, the difficulties students have transitioning to higher stages of science education and the desire to improve students’ broader mathematical competence. Aiming to improve students’ mathematical competence is an aim for all students. In contrast, helping students transition to further scientific study is for a minority. I argue that ideologies and values which underpin the curriculum need to be interrogated more closely and should remain a focus of research.
Exploring Flemish Muslim children’s experiences and negotiation of offline and online group privacy

In privacy research, much attention has been devoted to the online privacy practices of adolescents and college youth. Less is known about the privacy management of children and Muslim children in particular. In this study, we gave a voice to Muslim children in the northern Dutch-speaking region of Belgium, and how they negotiate information about their Muslim culture and identity using focus groups and interviews. The empirical studies clarify how different privacy management strategies are used to manage and hide Islam-related information. Overall, our results illustrate how besides managing boundaries around the self, Muslim children take into account the minority group they belong to as well as the representation of that particular group when sharing information. Building further on Petronio’s communication privacy management theory and Cohen’s perspective on privacy as critical and playful subjectivity, we argue to move beyond individual-centric conceptualizations to understand privacy of minority groups.
“Padepokan Karakter” As a New Locus for Character Reinforcement among Young Citizens

Character deviation is one of the crucial problems in Indonesia. It is characterized by several phenomena that show the decline of nation characters such as violence, oppression, and drug abuse. In this context, character education becomes one of the solutions to the problem. Padepokan Karakter is one form of innovations in carrying out character education in Indonesia. The aims of this study were to (1) describe the character strengthening strategy developed in Padepokan Karakter, and (2) identify the factors supporting the strengthening of characters in Padepokan Karakter. The results showed that (1) the character strengthening strategies applied in Padepokan Karakter include three processes namely planning, implementation, and evaluation; and (2) the supporting factors for character enhancement in Padepokan Karakter include the design of Padepokan Karakter locus, learning devices, and learning methods used in Padepokan Karakter. This research was the supporter of theories of character education strategies by using pictures, stories, and videos concerning youth
Technology and Dating Among Pregnant and Parenting Youth in Residential Foster Care: A Mixed Qualitative Approach Comparing Staff and Adolescent Perspectives

The aim of this study was to explore the role of technology in the dating and sexual experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescent girls placed in residential foster care. Interviews with program staff (N = 12; 50% Hispanic) and focus groups with adolescent foster youth (N = 13; 46% Hispanic) were conducted to understand how technologies (e.g., cell phone, texting, and social media) influence youth’s dating lives, including how youth navigate conflict with a dating partner in technology spaces and their experiences with cyber abuse. Both staff and youth emphasized technology as providing an outlet from the home and forum through which to meet, interact, and sustain intimate relationships, the latter including the father of (a) child(ren). Youth creatively collaborated to access technology and became involved in each other’s relationships. Staff and youth discussed divergent risk contexts, staff emphasizing the risks posed to children (e.g., taken on online dates) and youth discussing online sexual solicitations, conflict with the child(ren)’s father in public and peer-involved online spaces, and cyber abuse. Helping professionals should be trained on the centrality of technology to youth dating and provide dating health education that includes attention to technology mediums.
Financial Performance and Firm Value Lesson from Mining Sub-sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to provide an overview of investor behavior on the current condition of the capital market in Indonesia and want to examine signal information about financial performance and prove directly the relation to firm value. This research was conducted on the issuer of mining sub-sector companies that has been listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2018. Using purposive sampling this research get 100 data observed. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression with PLS SEM statistical tools. We found that capital structure and profitability affect the firm value, but not for asset growth. Thus, it can be concluded that if two of three hypotheses accepted, can be interpreted that the signal information of financial performance from sample still hold interesting by an investor in the Indonesian Capital Market.
Practicing identity in emergent firms: How practices shape founders’ organizational identity claims

Establishing a new firm presents a variety of challenges to organizational founders. An important concern is the development of a set of clear and coherent organizational identity claims that can inform future strategic decision-making. While practices have been identified as important resources that individuals draw on during organizational identity change and formation, their role in initiating shifts in organizational identity claims has not been examined. In this longitudinal study of seven de novo organizations, we develop a process model showing how practices engaged in by founders when establishing their firms cue sensemaking about the organization’s identity by identifying identity voids, generating identity insights through interactions with outsiders, and identifying identity discrepancies through interactions with insiders. Founders interpret these sensemaking triggers as either opportunities or threats to their identity aspirations for their firms, leading to organizational identity work that generates new identity claims. We discuss implications of our model for scholars of organizational identity emergence and practice, as well as for founders of new organizations.
Was There a Soviet Nationality Policy?

Abstract The essay challenges the frequent references to the concept of Soviet nationality policy by historians and social scientists. The argument proceeds, first, by unpicking some of the logic in the use of the term; second, by examining the evidence for the existence and nature of such a policy; and third, by considering alternative explanations for major decisions and events concerning non-Russian nationalities in the Soviet Union. The essay concludes that, at least after the 1920s, there was no Soviet nationality policy, and the processes of negotiation and nation-promoting practices pursued by republic leaders were, instead, the key influences on decision-making.
Demographic Factors and Employee Performance: The Mediating Effect of Employee Empowerment

This study analyzes the influence of age, gender, education, years of service, and number of family dependents on employee empowerment both directly and indirectly through employee performance. The sample was taken from 14 cigar companies in Jember Regency, East java, Indonesia, of which each company is represented by ten samples (respondents) who are randomly selected. The samples consist of 140 people. The study uses path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects of the variables. The results showed that age, sex, education, years of service, and number of family dependents have a significant positive effect on employee performance and on employee empowerment. Employee performance mediates the effect of age, sex, education, years of service, and number of family dependents on employee empowerment.Keywords: Demographic Indicators, Performance, Employee Empowerment.Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, masa kerja, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga terhadap pemberdayaan karyawan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui kinerja karyawan. Sampel diambil dari 14 perusahaan cerutu di Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, yang masing-masing perusahaan diwakili oleh sepuluh responden yang dipilih secara acak. Sampel terdiri atas 140 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jalur untuk menentukan efek langsung dan tidak langsung dari variabel-variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, masa kerja, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dan pemberdayaan karyawan. Kinerja karyawan memediasi pengaruh usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, masa kerja, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga pada pemberdayaan karyawan.Kata kunci: Indikator Demografis, Kinerja, Pemberdayaan Karyawan.
Knowledge and Acceptance towards Vasectomy in a Sample of Medicine Students, Meta 2018

Abstract Introduction The low adherence to vasectomy is associated with the cultural environment, with false beliefs, and with lack of knowledge. In Colombia, the practice of vasectomy increased 3% between 1990 and 2015. Medical education seeks to have an impact on the general population; therefore, medicine students should have knowledge and attitudes toward birth control that include a significant participation of the male gender. Objective To describe the level of knowledge, beliefs, and acceptance of vasectomy in a sample of Colombian medicine students. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study, nonprobabilistic sample by convenience with a total of 112 medicine students from different universities of the country attending at a university event. A total of 20 dichotomous questions were used. Results A total of 72.3% of the students answered correctly most of the answers; the knowledge level was grouped in high (53.35%), medium (41.07%), and low (5.35%). Up to 95.5% of the students recognized vasectomy as a male birth control method. Regarding beliefs, > 99% considered that family planning is not just a responsibility of women, although only 75% of the men would accept undergo a vasectomy. Conclusions Colombian medicine students have a good level of knowledge about vasectomy, they recommend performing the surgery, and recognize the active participation of males in contraception; nevertheless, a higher willingness to perform a vasectomy would be expected from this population. Training on the subject would break barriers about beliefs and promote proper counseling in birth control consultations.