Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Behavior of Rectangular Cable-In-Conduit Conductor for KSTAR Superconducting Magnet System

The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) adopted superconducting coils which consist of rectangular cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) without a central hole for supercritical helium. Most of all, the KSTAR has a unique superconducting magnet system with Nb3Sn and NbTi such as ITER. We expect that the test results of KSTAR experiments can also provide useful information for ITER and the other fusion devices. Up to now, the KSTAR superconducting magnet system is showing a larger flexibility and reliability in operation. For example, the TF magnet system has achieved the current charging of 36.2 kA and PF magnet system has been also charged up to ±4 kA without difficulties during the last two times KSTAR campaigns. The significant thermo-hydraulic characteristics such as helium flow distribution, pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of coil, the friction factor and the temperature variation according to the current charging operations are introduced in this paper.
Attenuation compensated spectral slopes during the kinetics of rouleaux formation for porcine whole blood in Couette flow at 10-70 MHz

The characterization of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation using ultrasound is a promising technique allowing in vivo and in situ assessment of its level in the human body. It is known that pathological levels of RBC aggregation are correlated with diseases involving hemorheological disorders. Important efforts have thus been targeted towards theoretical and empirical studies on ultrasonic absolute RBC backscatter. In this study, we present ultrasonic absolute backscatter values (BSC), and spectral slope (SS) dependencies as a function of temporal shear rate variations. Porcine anti-coagulated blood at 40% hematocrit was placed in a modified Couette flow system at 37/spl deg/C. Backscattered RF data were digitized and analyzed, using three wideband focused transducers of central frequencies 10, 35 and 55 MHz. BSC and SS were calculated for each transducer to provide kinetic profiles during aggregation and disaggregation of RBC. The reference medium used for absolute BSC values was a 6% hematocrit suspension of RBC in Ringer solution (no aggregation). Frequency dependent beam variations were taken in account using a diffraction correction factor. Different results on BSC and SS sensitivity for "small aggregates" and "large aggregates" are described as a function of frequency. The size of the aggregates was varied by modifying the flow shear rate. According to these experimental results, it is shown that spectral slopes between 10-70 MHz could be of clinical relevance for in vivo detection of red blood cell aggregation. This index may be of interest to display parametric images of RBC aggregates.
Bacterial biosensors for evaluating potential impacts of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in multiple species

To study the effects and possible mechanisms of suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), a wide variety of assays have been developed. In this work, we generated engineered Escherichia coli biosensor strains that incorporate the ligand‐binding domains (LBDs) of the β‐subtype estrogen receptors (ERβ) from Solea solea (sole), and Sus scrofa (pig). These strains indicate the presence of ligands for these receptors by changes in growth phenotype, and can differentiate agonist from antagonist and give a rough indication of binding affinity via dose‐response curves. The resulting strains were compared with our previously reported Homo sapiens ERβ biosensor strain. In initial tests, all three of the strains correctly identified estrogenic test compounds with a high degree of certainly (Z′ typically greater than 0.5), including the weakly binding test compound bisphenol A (BPA) (Z′ ≈ 0.1–0.3). The modular design of the sensing element in this strain allows quick development of new species‐based biosensors by simple LBD swapping, suggesting its use in initial comparative analysis of EDC impacts across multiple species. Interestingly, the growth phenotypes of the biosensor strains indicate similar binding for highly estrogenic control compounds, but suggest differences in ligand binding for more weakly binding EDCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Comparison of the Creative Imagination Scale and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, form A.

Abstract 237 Ss were administered both the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) of Shor and E. Orne (1962), and the Creative Imagination Scale (CIS) of Barber and Wilson (1977) and Wilson and Barber (1978) in separate testing sessions. Results were analyzed to assess the extent of relationship between the 2 scales and particular attention was paid to the question of whether, or not, CIS can be said to be an index of hypnotizability as traditionally measured by HGSHS: A. Data indicated that performance on CIS relates positively (r = .28) to success on HGSHS:A, but the 2 tests are independent in their underlying dimensions. The CIS appears to tap primarily the processes of imagery and imagination which are only partly related to performance on the more complex scales which measure hypnosis as generally conceptualized.
Abortive Replication of Influenza Virus in Mouse Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT The interaction between influenza virus and dendritic cells (DCs) remains poorly defined and controversial. Here we show that influenza virus replication in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs is abortive, despite viral genome transcription and replication occurring for each gene segment and viral hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein, at least, being produced. Electron microscopy reveals that virus assembly, rather than release of virus from the cell surface, is defective.
Serous retinal detachment caused by leukaemic choroidal infiltration during complete remission

Editor,—Various ocular complications in leukaemia are due to direct invasion by leukaemic cells or haematological abnormalities associated with leukaemia—for example, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperviscosity states.1 2 These complications usually occur when the disease is clinically and haematologically active but rarely during complete remission. Moreover, serous retinal detachment is a less common complication, while dilated and tortuous vessels, vascular sheathing, white centred retinal haemorrhages, intraretinal haemorrhages, and cotton wool spots are often seen in the fundus. We describe an uncommon case of a young boy who showed a serous retinal detachment during the first complete remission of his acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL). ### CASE REPORT A 17 year old boy presented with gradually blurring vision and metamorphopsia in his right eye. ALL had been diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy 9 months earlier. His disease was in complete remission at the time of presentation. Corrected …
Cell surface expression of intermediate filament proteins vimentin and lamin B1 in human neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis

Neutrophils represent an important source of autoantigens for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated with vasculitis. To date, two cytoskeletal proteins, vinculin and vimentin, have been reported to be expressed on the cell surfaces of activated macrophages, platelets, and apoptotic T lymphocytes. However, such cell surface expression has never been studied in human neutrophils. As we recently demonstrated that different cytoskeletal proteins were cleaved in apoptotic neutrophils, we hypothesized that some of these were expressed on the cell surface of apoptotic neutrophils. Herein, we found that among vinculin, paxillin, gelsolin, vimentin, lamin B1, α‐tubulin, and β‐tubulin, only the two intermediate filament (INFIL) proteins, vimentin and lamin B1, are expressed on the cell surface of 24‐h aged neutrophils [spontaneous apoptosis (SA)]. By monitoring intracellular expression of vimentin and lamin B1 during SA, we found that these two proteins were cleaved and that such cleavage was reversed by the pan caspase inhibitor N‐benzyloxy‐carbonyl‐V‐A‐D‐O‐methylfluoromethyl ketone (z‐VAD‐fmk). When neutrophil apoptosis was delayed or suppressed by lipopolysaccharide or the cytokines granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte macrophage (GM)‐CSF, or interleukin‐4, the loss of intracellular expression of vimentin and lamin B1 was prevented. The INFIL proteins were absent from the cell surface when neutrophil apoptosis was delayed. Addition of z‐VAD‐fmk significantly decreased the cell surface expression of vimentin and lamin B1 during SA. This study provides the first evidence that apoptotic neutrophils express cytoskeletal proteins on their surface, opening the possibility that these cells may participate in the development of autoantibodies directed against cytoskeletal proteins, a condition frequently reported in several inflammatory diseases.
The founder effect and response to artificial selection.

The response to selection in any line depends on the size of the initial sample by which the line is founded. For a single locus with additive gene action the effects of number of founders on early rate of response and on final limits are studied in relation to selection intensity and number of parents in the selected line. The reduction in total response caused by a small number of founders is greatest for large populations under intense selection, especially when the desirable alleles are rare in the base population. If these alleles are at high frequencies it is possible that a line which has gone through a bottleneck may be more sensitive to a reduced population size during subsequent selection than a line which has not. Under some conditions replicate selection lines founded with small samples are likely to be less variable in response than lines founded with moderately large samples.
Nitric oxide-dependent and -independent mechanisms account for gender differences in vasodilation to acetylcholine.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism of enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation in arteries from female rats compared with arteries from males. Isolated mesenteric resistance arteries ( approximately 250 microm) from sexually mature male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were pressurized and outer diameter was measured. Arteries from females were more sensitive to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (Ach) compared with those from males (-log EC(50): male = 6.74 +/- 0.06; female = 6.96 +/- 0.06; P =. 037). After incubation with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (100 microM) or apamin (30 nM), there was no longer a gender difference in midrange sensitivity to ACh. In contrast, at higher concentrations of ACh, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine had a greater inhibitory effect in the males than in the females. Indomethacin (10 microM) decreased sensitivity to ACh in arteries from both males and females, but did not alter the maximal response or eliminate the gender difference. Finally, there was no gender difference in vasodilation to the nitric oxide (NO) donor spermine-NO complex, nor did apamin alter the spermine-NO complex response. In conclusion, mesenteric arteries from female rats are more sensitive to ACh than those from males. An enhanced contribution of an apamin-sensitive K(Ca) channel on the endothelium of female arteries appears to be responsible for the augmented ACh-stimulated NO production compared with that of males. In addition, ACh stimulates the production of a non-NO, noncyclooxygenase, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor to a greater extent in females compared with males.
Changes in snowmelt date and summer precipitation affect the flowering phenology of Erythronium grandiflorum (glacier lily; Liliaceae).

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Climate change has affected species worldwide, including alterations in phenology, migration patterns, distribution, and survival. Because Erythronium grandiflorum is an early-season bloomer, alterations in its phenology may have serious implications for many North American Rocky Mountain communities, including changes in resource availability for pollinators and herbivores. • METHODS We investigated whether changes in the snowmelt date, summer temperature, and summer precipitation have altered the timing and abundance of flowering in E. grandiflorum by collecting long-term data on floral abundance from 1975-2008 in a series of 2 × 2 m plots at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL) in Gothic, Colorado in the United States. • KEY RESULTS Snowmelt date and mean summer temperature were negatively correlated. Over the 30-yr study, the snowmelt date advanced by 4.14 d/decade, and mean summer temperature increased by 0.38°C/decade. Summer precipitation was variable, showing no change. The first, peak, and last flowering dates of E. grandiflorum advanced an average of 3.2 d/decade. Furthermore, earlier snowmelt and greater summer precipitation in the previous year led to earlier flowering in E. grandiflorum. There was no change in flowering abundance in this species, indicating it may be controlled by a complex set of abiotic and biotic variables. • CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that snowmelt is arriving earlier at the RMBL, which has caused earlier flowering in E. grandiflorum. Because alterations in phenology can disrupt important ecological interactions, information on potential phenological shifts in species that interact with E. grandiflorum is essential in determining the net effect of climate-driven alterations in phenology.
Rice versus Wheat Cultures in China: An Investigation into Self Enhancement and Cultural Tightness

Talhelm et al. (2014) hypothesized that Chinese from northern provinces (traditionally wheatgrowing regions) are more independent or less interdependent than those from southern provinces (traditionally rice-growing regions). One reliable index of independence is selfenhancement, which is when a person estimates that a small percentage of people are better than oneself. We asked Chinese college students recruited in Beijing to estimate the percentage of their classmates who would be higher than themselves on three evaluative dimensions (competence, independence, and interdependence) and found the northern participants to be systematically more self-enhancing (reporting smaller percentage estimates) as compared to their southern counterparts. Unexpectedly, the northern participants reported their home regions to be tighter in the enforcement of social norms than the southern participants did. The results were discussed in terms of characteristics of the student populations in the Beijing area.
Crossed Dipole Loaded With Magneto-Electric Dipole for Wideband and Wide-Beam Circularly Polarized Radiation

A crossed dipole that is loaded with a magneto-electric dipole to produce the wideband and wide-beam circularly polarized radiation characteristics is proposed. The crossed dipole is incorporated with double-printed vacant-quarter rings to feed the antenna. The antenna is backed by a metallic cavity to provide a unidirectional radiation pattern with a wide axial-ratio (AR) beamwidth and a high front-to-back ratio. Experimental results showed that the prototype with an overall size of 120×120×30.5 mm3 has a |S11|<;-10 dB bandwidth of 1.274-2.360 GHz and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 1.39-1.82 GHz. The antenna showed a right-hand circular polarization (CP) radiation with a very wide 3-dB AR beamwidth (>165°) and a high radiation efficiency (>94%) within the operational bandwidth.
Thermal preparation of highly stable glass periodic changes with nano-scale resolution using a laser-inscribed hydrogen loaded seed template

Strong regenerated gratings with a maximum grating strength exceeding (40-50) dB are fabricated inside an optical fibre by bulk macro thermal processing ~900degC using a UV-laser seeded Bragg grating. Further annealing between 1000 and 1100degC leads to a stabilised grating ~18 dB in strength. This suffers no further degradation at 1100degC for the period monitored, over 4 hrs. To determine the potential resolution of this process, two regenerated complex profiles with no phase difference between seed and processed structures is reported. This opens the way for nano-engineering of materials using thermal processing and seed templates.
The impact of rainfall on the temporal and spatial distribution of taxi passengers

This paper focuses on the impact of rainfall on the temporal and spatial distribution of taxi passengers. The main objective is to provide guidance for taxi scheduling on rainy days. To this end, we take the occupied and empty states of taxis as units of analysis. By matching a taxi's GPS data to its taximeter data, we can obtain the taxi's operational time and the taxi driver's income from every unit of analysis. The ratio of taxi operation time to taxi drivers' income is used to measure the quality of taxi passengers. The research results show that the spatio-temporal evolution of urban taxi service demand differs based on rainfall conditions and hours of operation. During non-rush hours, taxi demand in peripheral areas is significantly reduced under increasing precipitation conditions, whereas during rush hours, the demand for highly profitable taxi services steadily increases. Thus, as an intelligent response for taxi operations and dispatching, taxi services should guide cruising taxis to high-demand regions to increase their service time and ride opportunities.
Sympathetic regulation of metabolism.

This long and extremely detailed study attempts at giving a review of the metabolic regulatory function of the sympathetic nervous system. The metabolic effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline are considered as it regards lipid metabolism carbohydrate metabolism and protein metabolism. The study also presents a new hypothesis of the calorigenic effect of catecholamines and a new classification of receptors for the metabolic effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The study concludes with an examination of the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of metabolism and of the use of drugs that modify sympathetic activity.
Lumbar Motion Segment Pathology Adjacent to Thoracolumbar, Lumbar, and Lumbosacral Fusions

Study Design Fifty‐eight patients came to two spinal surgeons with abnormalities adjacent to a previously fused thoracic or lumbosacral segment after they had been asymptomatic for more than 2 years. Radiographs, outcome analysis, analog pain evaluation, patient demographics, and medical indices were analyzed to evaluate risk factors for adjacent segment abnormality. Objectives Risk factors for adjacent segment breakdown and pathophysiology of adjacent segment breakdown were analyzed in this longitudinal study. Summary of Background Data Fifty‐eight patients underwent a thoracolumbar, lumbar, or lumbosacral fusion with an average symptom‐free period of 13.1 years before presentation with severe symptomatology necessitating further surgery at the adjacent segment. Methods Fifty‐eight patients with adjacent segment abnormality were analyzed by outcome assessment questionnaire, pain analog evaluation, radiographic studies, demographic factors, and sequential follow‐up evaluation. Thirty‐seven of these patients have been followed for more than 2 years after their adjacent segment surgery. Results Fifty‐eight patients developed spinal stenosis, disc herniation, or instability at a segment adjacent to a previously asymptomatic fusion that was done an average of 13.1 years earlier. Segments adjacent to the adjacent segment itself were as likely to breakdown (58%). Thirty‐seven patients were followed for more than 2 years, having outcomes defined as good or excellent in 70.3%. Seven of the 37 patients required an additional surgical procedure. Sagittal and coronal imbalances appeared to play a role in breakdown, although statistical significance was not evident. Conclusions This represents the largest series of adjacent segment breakdowns reported in the literature. The segment adjacent to the adjacent segment was almost as likely to breakdown. Sagittal and coronal alignment appeared to play a role in adjacent abnormality. Good outcomes are evident in 70% of cases.
Lymphogranuloma venereum: the Italian experience

An epidemic of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) has been described in men who have sex with men (MSM) in the western world, particularly in western Europe. The first Italian case was reported by the authors in 2006, and up to March 2008 there have been 13 symptomatic cases, all in MSM. Ten cases had LGV proctitis and three cases had inguinal adenopathy as their clinical presentation. The initial three cases reported receptive anal intercourse in metropolitan areas of northern Europe, Turkey and eastern Europe, whereas the later cases were infections acquired locally. Diagnosis was by LGV-specific real-time PCR in nine cases, by symptoms and PCR for Chlamydia trachomatis in three cases, and in one case clinically and epidemiologically.
Regulating Mammalian Target of Rapamycin To Tune Vaccination-Induced CD8+ T Cell Responses for Tumor Immunity

Vaccine strategies aimed at generating CD8+ T cell memory responses are likely to show augmented efficacy against chronic challenges like tumor. The abundance in variety of memory CD8+ T cells behooves development of vaccine strategies that generate distinct memory responses and evaluate them for tumor efficacy. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of a variety of rapamycin treatment regimens to regulate virus vaccination-induced CD8+ T cell memory responses and tumor efficacy. Strikingly, a short course of high-dose, but not low-dose, rapamycin treatment transiently blocks viral vaccination-induced mammalian target of rapamycin activity in CD8+ T cells favoring persistence and Ag-recall responses over type 1 effector maturation; however, prolonged high-dose rapamycin administration abrogated memory responses. Furthermore, a short course of high-dose rapamycin treatment generated CD8+ T cell memory responses that were independent of IL-15 and IL-7 and were programmed early for sustenance and greater tumor efficacy. These results demonstrate the impact a regimen of rapamycin treatment has on vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses and indicates that judicious application of rapamycin can augment vaccine efficacy for chronic challenges.
Sodium and Dialysis: A Deeper Insight

It has been widely demonstrated that the dialysate sodium concentration plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular stability during dialysis. Sodium concentrations in replacement fluids in hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration are also important in order to achieve a correct sodium balance. Therefore it is necessary to clearly define the kinetics of this electrolyte during dialysis, starting from the measurement methods. Since sodium in blood, dialysate and replacement fluids can be measured by various methods, confusion may arise when it is not clear which sodium is referred to. This is even more important in relation to mathematical models developed to calculate the kinetics of sodium during dialysis.