Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFL Reading Achievement: Impact of Gender and Self-efficacy Beliefs

Research has shown that reading is highly associated with students' academic performance in other disciplines. However, students' reading attainment is influenced by many factors. The purpose of this study is two folds: Investigating the gender gap in English as a foreign language (EFL) reading achievement of male and female basic education students in grades four and ten; and investigating the relationship between these students' reading achievement and their perceived reading self-efficacy beliefs. More specifically, it examined the differences in these beliefs in light of gender and grade level and the interaction between the two. The total sample consisted of 636 students, 260 grade four students and 376 grade ten students from basic education schools in the Sultanate of Oman. Two instruments were used to collect the data to answer the research questions: national reading achievement tests obtained from the Ministry of Education and a reading self-efficacy beliefs scale developed by the researchers. Findings revealed that there were gender gaps in the EFL reading achievement in favor of females in both grades four and ten. Moreover, the findings showed that females in both grades held a higher level of reading self-efficacy beliefs for their EFL reading achievement than males did. Added to that, the findings showed that grade four students reading self-efficacy beliefs for EFL reading achievement was higher than those of grade ten. Finally, the findings showed a positive relationship between reading self-efficacy beliefs and the reading achievement of students in both grades; students with higher levels of self-efficacy beliefs for EFL reading tended to perform better in their reading achievement tests.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaves extract and its antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas orzyae pv. oryzae

Author for correspondence: Dr. Mounil Mankad Research Associate, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory and Department of Nanotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110, Gujarat, India E-mail: mounilbiotech@gmail.com Tel. : +91-9825962997 Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaves extract and its antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas orzyae pv. oryzae
Deleterious consequences of a red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides for the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa

The dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef has formed dense blooms and caused severe fish kills on a global scale in recent decades. Survivorship, feeding, and fecundity of the copepod Acartia tonsa Dana fed C. polykrikoides were investigated to assess potential impacts of these harmful events on herbivores. Survivorship of female A. tonsa was significantly reduced with increasing C. polykrikoides concentrations from 900 to 4700 μg C l -1 (500 to 2600 cells ml -1 ). Cope- pods suffered 100% mortality within 1.5 d at C. polykrikoides concentrations of 3300 and 4700 μg C l -1 (1800 and 2600 cells ml -1 ), which are within the range of bloom densities of this alga. Stage- specific mortality of A. tonsa showed that copepod susceptibility to C. polykrikoides decreased with development. Two bioassay experiments suggested that copepod mortality was due to multiple harmful compounds produced by C. polykrikoides. Ingestion rates of A. tonsa fed C. polykrikoides were 25 to 60% lower than ingestion rates of non-toxic Rhodomonas lens Pascher and Ruttner when the food concentrations ranged from 150 to 1500 μg C l -1 . C. polykrikoides supported higher egg pro- duction rates of A. tonsa than R. lens at the low algal concentrations (18 to 180 μg C l -1 ), while egg production rates of A. tonsa fed C. polykrikoides were significantly less than those fed R. lens when the concentrations increased from 360 to 1080 μg C l -1 . Egg hatching success of A. tonsa fed C. polykrikoides ranging from 90 to 1080 μg C l -1 was very low (20 to 43%) compared to the higher values when fed R. lens (83 to 100%). Egg sizes of A. tonsa fed C. polykrikoides were significantly lower than those fed R. lens. All of these deleterious consequences may lead to A. tonsa population collapses during C. polykrikoides blooms.
ACC Meanders, Energy Transfer, and Mixed Barotropic–Baroclinic Instability

Along-stream variations in the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) impact heat and tracer transport, regulate interbasin exchange, and influence closure of the overturning circulation. Topography is primarily responsible for generating deviations from zonal-mean properties, mainly through standing meanders associated with regions of high eddy kinetic energy. Here, an idealized channel model is used to explore the spatial distribution of energy exchange and its relationship to eddy geometry, as characterized by both eddy momentum and eddy buoyancy fluxes. Variations in energy exchange properties occur not only between standing meander and quasi-zonal jet regions, but throughout the meander itself. Both barotropic and baroclinic stability properties, as well as the magnitude of energy exchange terms, undergo abrupt changes along the path of the ACC. These transitions are captured by diagnosing eddy fluxes of energy and by adopting the eddy geometry framework. The latter, typically applied to barotropic stability properties, is applied here in the depth–along-stream plane to include information about both barotropic and baroclinic stability properties of the flow. These simulations reveal that eddy momentum fluxes, and thus barotropic instability, play a leading role in the energy budget within a standing meander. This result suggests that baroclinic instability alone cannot capture the dynamics of ACC standing meanders, a challenge for models where eddy fluxes are parameterized.
ANTHROPOMETRICAL STUDY OF THE SECOND AND FOURTH DIGIT RATIO AND OTHER DIGIT RATIO IN COASTAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH IN INDIA

Address for Correspondence: Dr. M. Gayathri, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri-636703, Tamilnadu, India. Mobile: +91-72006601141, E-Mail: gayathriprabu5@gmail.com Background: It has been hypothesised that the ratio between the length of the 2nd and 4th digits (2D:4D) is a correlate of prenatal sex steroids, and this relationship is strongest for the right hand. Furthermore, it has been suggested that 2D:4D is sexually dimorphic, the dimorphism is determined early, and 2D:4D among children is stable with growth.The present study aim to study 2D:4D and other digit ratio to show sexual dimorphism in coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods:Our study includes 200 (96 males and 104 females) subject between ages of 18 to 25 years were recruited randomly excluding those with hand deformities from Coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh. Their digit lengths were measured from the basal crease to the tips usinga Vernier calipermeasuring to 0.01cm minor reading. The 2D:4D and other digit ratiowere then calculated for each subject on both hands. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results:The study showed no significant sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D between males and females whereassignificant sexual dimorphism in other finger ratios. Conclusion:These observations indicate that, not only 2D:4D, but the other digit ratios have their role in sex identity. In conclusion, our study has provided the first data from coastal region of AndhraPradeshdemonstrating the sexual dimorphism in the3D:4D and3D:5Ddigit ratio. This information is useful in forensic science and anthropology.
Mesoporous silica SBA-16 functionalized with alkoxysilane groups: preparation, characterization, and release profile study

A mesoporous material sphere based on silica, SBA-16, was chemically modified with alkoxysilane using two different solvents: methanol and toluene. The influence of the chemical modification of the matrix on the release rate of a model drug was also studied. The structural characteristics of the materials were evaluated by small-angle X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The functionalization of the matrix was evaluated using thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, 13C and 29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis, CHN. The results show that alkoxysilane groups have been chemically bonded to silicon atoms on the surface of cubic Im3m mesoporous silica. The influence of the release rate of atenolol molecules from chemically modified mesoporous SBA-16 could be identified, since significant differences could be observed among the release patterns of the different materials.
Social inequalities in health of children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study

The close link between socioeconomic status (SES) and health can already be observed in childhood and adolescence. Although the vast majority of children and adolescents grow up healthily in Germany, social inequalities in health exist. The results of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2) demonstrate that children and adolescents with a low SES have a poorer level of general health and face health constraints more frequently than their peers with a higher SES. Social inequalities in mental health are significantly more profound than in the 12-month prevalence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The odds of being affected by mental health problems or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were 2.8 to 4.4 times higher for children and adolescents with a low SES compared to their peers with a high SES. Therefore, in order to enable all children and adolescents to grow up healthily, health promotion and disease prevention measures need to be put in place early in a child’s life and need to be tailored to the needs of particular target groups.
Food of seventeen species of northwest Atlantic fish

The stomach contents of 16,631 fish representing 17 species common to Northwest Atlantic continental shelf waters have been analyzed. Fish were collected during annual spring and autumn bottom trawl surveys conducted in offshore waters between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Western Nova Scotia in the years 1973-1976. Major types of food'within the entire study region are determined by examining the diet of predators according to fish length and within geographic areas traditionally referred to as the Middle Atlantic, Southern New Engl and, Georges Bank, Gul f of Mai ne, and Western Nova Scoti a. Examination of stomach contents revealed some species of prey were fairly wides'pread while others were more characteristic of a particular geographic area. Organisms of major importance as prey' throughout the enti re region sampled were Unciola irrorata, Dichelopandalus leptocerus, Cancer sp. , Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Neomysis americana, Loligo pealei, silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), and herring (Clupeidae). The identification of principal prey utilized by fishes within various geographic areas established that much di etary overl ap occurs between speci es. However, some p-r; nci pa 1 dtetary components are often uni que to fi shes withi n a parti cul ar area" and even more frequently were identified as prey within larger regions which can be characterized as temperate (Middle Atlantic, Southern New England and Georges Bank) or boreal (Gulf of Maine and Western Nova Scotia). The majority of fish prey were found to be fish eggs, fish larvae or juvenile fish, and were taken to some extent by all predators sampled. The mean stomach content weight, when expres~ed as a percentage body weight according to fish length, indicates smaller fish of most species tend to have relatively larger quantities of food in their stomachs.
Experimental characterization of the effects of freestream turbulence intensity on the SD7003 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers

Experimental Characterization of the Effects of Freestream Turbulence Intensity on the SD7003 Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers David M. Sutton Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Aerospace Science and Engineering University of Toronto 2015 The effect of freestream turbulence intensities ranging from Tu = 1.26% to Tu = 3.2% is studied. Skin friction measurements made on the surface of the airfoil using oil film interferometry (OFI) show that, in general, the effect of the increased Tu is to inhibit separation of the laminar boundary layer. With increased Tu, the near-wall flow experiences strong deceleration in the adverse pressure gradient, but does not reverse as it does in the baseline case where Tu = 0.05%. The Cp distribution resulting from this decelerated fluid is similar in appearance to that of a laminar separation bubble. OFI results also show that laminar separation initiates a more rapid transition process than does higher turbulence intensity: transition of the boundary layer occurs over a shorter distance with Tu = 1.26% than it does with Tu = 2.19% due to the presence of a LSB at the lower turbulence intensity.
Habitat use by Persian Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in Bamoo National Park during Autumn and Winter

As a threatened species populations of Persian gazelle have been declining within the country over the last few decades. The knowledge of gazelle ecology including their feeding habits and habitat associations is central to any kind of conservation effort. The ecology of gazelles in Iran is poorly known and habitat associations of this or other species of gazelles have not been studied in Iran. Habitat use by Persian gazelle was studied over autumn-winter period in its 6000 ha habitat in Bamoo National Park. Habitat use was related to plant communities and vegetation composition by clearance transect pellet group counts carried out every 2 months from September/October 2004 to March/April 2005 using 15 randomly placed 2.5 x 200 m permanent transects. The density of pellet groups was similar in 4 out of 5
Testing of some halophytic plants for forage, biofuel production and soil bioremediation.

Rapid population growth in the developing countries of arid and semiarid regions and concomitant declin e in productivity of agricultural lands due to the negative impact of climate changes, shortage of good-quality irrigati on water and increasing soil salinity, are exerting enormous pressure on th e dwindling supplies of human consumption for forage, food and fuels. Biosaline agriculture is a proper solution in this s aline environment. It can facilitate the adaptation to the increasing salinization and decreasing availability of fresh w ater. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, a F ield trial was carried out in salt affected soil around the Coast of Qaron Lak e to evaluate the impact of irrigation with diluted saline lake water (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5 and 100% ) in addition to Fresh water, on total fresh productivity, chlor ophyll a + b, proline, soluble carbohydrates, succulence, osmotic potentia l, nutritional value and the content of cellulose a nd hemi-cellulose of these halophytic forage plants for biofuel producti on as well as its role in bioremediation of the sa lt affected soil. All tested plants tolerated harvesting eight times per year an d were capable of recovering and maintaining a fres h productive biomass up to 10.11 ton fed 1 year 1 . The value of crude protein varied between 11.03 t o 11.45 %. It also contains cellulose and hemicelluloses varied between 21.65 to 28.64% , the se cellulosic biomass can use for ethanol productio n. Successive cuttings of these halophytic plants improve soil quality. Leptochloa fusca followed with Sparina patents were more effective for soil bioreclaimation. In conclusion we can call these ha lophytic plants (Environmentally Smart Crops) because it did not compete with conventional food crops resources (arable land valid food crops production, fresh water) and prod uce new crops valid to be used as forage or fuel in salt affected habitats .
“Who is really British anyway?”: A thematic analysis of responses to online hate materials

This article aims to add to the relatively small body of literature on online hatred. In particular, it focuses on the role social networking sites may play in the development of polarisation, by exploring how online users respond to explicit online hate materials. Specifically, this article discusses the ways in which a self-selected sample of YouTube users responded, via posting online comments, to a video clip in which a White female train passenger (called Emma) could be seen to racially to abuse other passengers. Thematic analysis of the YouTube comments identified four main themes: (1) Making Sense of Emma, which encapsulated posters' attempts to find explanations for Emma’s behaviour; (2) Meeting Hatred with Hatred, which described posters’ attempts to oppose Emma’s racism by means of resorting to aggressive, hateful language; (3) Us versus Them, which encapsulated posters' tendencies to categorise themselves and other posters into in- and outgroups, based on their particular stance on racism; (4) Contesting Britishness, which expressed posters' attempts to articulate (and contest) what it means to be British. Whilst the current analysis provides some evidence that hateful web content can fuel aggressive and hateful responses, many of the comments analysed here emphasised common group membership, alongside people’s right to claim membership in a particular social category (i.e. Britishness). The current evidence, therefore, suggests that, at least in the specific context of this study, hateful web content may not necessarily lead to an automatic endorsement or escalation of hatred.
Novel method for patterned fabric inspection using Bollinger bands

This paper introduces a new application of Bollinger bands for defect detection of patterned fabric. A literature review on previous de- signed methods for patterned fabric defect detection will be depicted. For data analysis, Bollinger bands are calculated based on standard devia- tion and are originally used in the financial market as an oversold or overbought indicator for stock. The Bollinger bands method is an effi- cient, fast and shift-invariant approach, that can segment out the defec- tive regions on the patterned fabric with clear and crystal clean images. The new approach is immune of the alignment problem that often hap- pens in previous methods. In this paper, the upper band and lower band of Bollinger bands, which are sensitive to any subtle change in the input data, have been developed for use to indicate the defective areas in patterned fabric. The number of standard deviation and length of time of Bollinger bands can be easily determined to obtain excellent detection results. The proposed method has been evaluated on three different patterned fabrics. In total, 165 defect-free and 171 defective images have been used in the evaluation, where 98.59% accuracy on inspection has been achieved. © 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
Bond and ductility: A theoretical study on the impact of construction details - part 2: Structure-specific features

The first part of this two-part paper discussed basic considerations on bond strength and its effect on strain localization and plastic deformation capacity of cracked structural concrete, and analytically evaluated the impacts of the hardening behavior of reinforcing steel and concrete quality on the basis of the Tension Chord Model. This second part assesses the impacts of the most frequently encountered construction details of existing concrete structures which may not satisfy current design code requirements: bar ribbing, bar spacing, and concrete cover thickness. It further evaluates the impacts of the additional structure-specific features bar diameter and crack spacing. It concludes with some considerations on the application of the findings in practice and an outlook on future research needs.
Attachment-related avoidance and the social and agentic content of nostalgic memories

The reported research tested whether the social and agentic content of nostalgic memories varies as a function of attachment-related avoidance. We measured individual differences in attachment-related avoidance and anxiety and coded the interpersonal and agentic content of nostalgic and non-nostalgic narratives. Results revealed that nostalgic (relative to non-nostalgic) narratives contained more social content and that this link was not moderated by attachment-related avoidance. There was a significant association between attachment-related avoidance and attachment-related social content in nostalgic, but not non-nostalgic, past narratives. There was also a significant association between attachment-related avoidance and agency content in nostalgic, but not non-nostalgic narratives.
A LITTLE TOPOLOGICAL COUNTERPART OF BIRKHOFF'S ERGODIC THEOREM

For a compact metric space X and a continuous transfor- mation T : X ! X with at least one transitive and recurrent orbit, there is a set M0(T ) of T -invariant probability measures on X such that for a comeager set of starting points the set of limit measures is exactly M0(T ).
Handbook of Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance

Research on how individuals regulate their behavior has burgeoned in the fi elds of educational and developmental psychology, and we now have a better understanding of effective ways that children have to regulate behavior, as well as challenges that many children face in doing so (Boekaerts, Pintrich, & Zeidner, 2000). Researchers have shown that children who are able to regulate their behavior in school tend to achieve better, and have other positive developmental outcomes (Zimmerman & Cleary, 2009). Given the links of self-regulation and achievement, it is essential to understand the development of self-regulatory processes, and how some children learn to regulate their behavior effectively, while others have challenges in doing so. In their social cognitive models of self-regulation Pintrich and Zusho (2002), Schunk and Ertmer (2000), and Zimmerman (2000) discuss separate phases of self-regulation. The fi rst phase is forethought and planning , where the individual plans his or her course of action and various motivational beliefs, values, and goals are activated. Next is performance monitoring in the learning situation; this phase also involves monitoring of both performance and motivation, and attempts to control these things. For instance, by monitoring their performance students can decide when they may need to change the strategies they are using. Some researchers separate this phase into two phases, monitoring and control (Pintrich & Zusho, 2002). The third phase is refl ections on performance, which occur after the learning activities are completed. During refl ection the student attempts to understand why different outcomes occurred, manage his or her emotions with respect to the achievement outcomes, and otherwise engage in self-evaluation