Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of direct-fed microbials and their combinations with yeast culture on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) and Clostridium butyricum (Cb) and their combinations with yeast culture on in vitro rumen fermentation in a twoway factorial design. Treatments included Bl or Cb at levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg and their combination with yeast culture at 0, 18, 27, 36 and 60 mg per 200 mg substrate, respectively. Gas production was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h incubation. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was estimated by 24 h gas production. Rumen fermentation parameters were determined after 24 h of incubation. Rate constant of gas production was not influenced by Bl or Cb alone, but increased (P<0.05) with inclusion of yeast culture. The IVOMD was influenced (P<0.05) by addition with Bl, Cb or yeast culture, with highest IVOMD observed when Bl or Cb was combined with 60 mg yeast culture. Total volatile fatty acids were affected by Bl and yeast culture (P<0.01), but not by Cb (P>0.05). There were significant interaction effects on pH, acetate to propionate ratio and ammonia-N between yeast culture and Bl or Cb. From the above results, it is indicated that Bl and Cb may be more effective as feed additives when combined with yeast culture than when offered separately.
THE EFFECT OF BALANCED SCORECARD ON PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN HOTEL SECTOR

In current competitive business environment where basic service facilities are homogenous, hotels must adapt themselves and find way to improve their performance. For hotels, their performance depends on how they deliver service to create value to customers. Hence, hotels need to emphasize on performance of employees, especially the operation managers, because their performance in delivering service quality is vital to determine the level of customers’ satisfaction. Prior study has found that the use of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is positively related to managers’ performance. However, it is unclear whether the use of BSC could improve managers’ performance in hotel sector. This study intends to provide useful insights by examining the effect of the use of BSC and performance of hotel managers in Malaysia hotel sector. It is also proposed that the effect of the use of BSC on manager’s performance is indirectly through mediating variable of psychological empowerment. Data were collected from a survey of 133 managers in 3, 4, and 5-star hotels in Malaysia. Results from Structural Equation Model (SEM) indicate that the use of BSC significantly influences managerial performance through mediating effect of psychological empowerment. In particular, the results highlight that the use of BSC influence manager’s psychological empowerment, which in turn, influence managerial performance.
Weak ergodicity breaking and aging in disordered systems

We present a phenomenological model for the dynamics of disordered (complex) systems. We postulate that the lifetimes of the many metastable states are distributed according to a broad, power law probability distribution. We show that aging occurs in this model when the average lifetime is infmite. A simple hypothesis leads to a new functional fornl for the relaxation which is in remarkable agreement with spin-glass experiments over nearly five decades in time. In spite of fifteen years of dispute, the theory of equilibrium spin-glasses is not yet settled (1, 2, 3). Dynamical effects are, however, likely to be the dominant aspect in experiments. One of the most striking aspects of the dynamics of spin-glasses in their low temperature phase is the aging phenomenon- a rather peculiar and awkward feature from the thermodynamics point of view : the relaxation of a system depends on its history. More precisely, if a system is field-cooled below its spin-glass temperature, the magnetization relaxation depends on the Waiting time t~ between the quench and the switch off of the magnetic field (4, 5, 6). Similar effects are observed on the viscoelastic properties of polymer melts (7), magnetic properties of HTC superconductors (8) and more recently on the relaxation after a heat pulse in Charge Density Wave systems (9). Analytical fits of the magnetization relaxation as a function of time have been proposed. In (6), it is proposed that the initial «stationary» part of the relaxation is a power-law With a small (negative) exponent. For times longer than the Waiting time, relaxation is Well fitted by a « stretched » exponential decay, provided that an effective time is introduced (6). In (4, 5), however, a stretched exponential of the «real» time was found for relatively short times. Many phenomenological theories have been devised to account for the stretched exponential decay lo-14), and for the slow part and aging (6, 15-18). We however feel that the basic mechanism underlying aging has not been fully appreciated (see however (17)) although it is, in our opinion, one of the constitutive properties of spin-glasses. The aim of this note is to suggest that aging is related to ergodicity breaking which has, in these systems, a peculiar and perhaps unexpected meaning. We find on some simple models that- according to our definition, see below « Weak » ergodicity breaking occurs in the spin-glass phase, defined as the phase Where the Edwards-Anderson parameter is non-zero. We see however no reason Why the two should be linked in general, and suggest that the appearance of aging could be
Characterization of the HD 219134 multiplanet system I. Observations of stellar magnetism, wind, and high-energy flux★

HD 219134 hosts several planets, with seven candidates reported, and the two shortest period planets are rocky (4-5 $M_{\oplus}$) and transit the star. Here we present contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations of the star HD 219134. We observed HD 219134 with the Narval spectropolarimeter at the Observatoire du Pic du Midi, and used Zeeman Doppler Imaging to characterise its large-scale stellar magnetic field. We found a weak poloidal magnetic field with an average unsigned strength of 2.5 G. From these data we confidently confirm the rotation period of 42 days, measure a stellar inclination of 77$\pm$8 degrees, and find evidence for differential rotation. The projected obliquity of the two transiting super-Earths is therefore between 0 and 20 degrees. We employed HST STIS observations of the Ly$\alpha$ line to derive a stellar wind mass-loss rate of half the solar value ($10^{-14} M_{\odot} {\rm yr}^{-1}$). We further collected photometric transit observations of the closest planet at near-UV wavelengths centred on the Mg II h&k lines with AstroSat. We found no detectable absorption, setting an upper limit on the transit depth of about 3%, which rules out the presence of a giant magnesium cloud larger than 9 planet radii. Finally, we estimated the high-energy flux distribution of HD 219134 as seen by planets b and c. These results present a detailed contemporaneous characterisation of HD 219134, and provide the ingredients necessary for accurately modelling the high-energy stellar flux, the stellar wind, and their impact on the two shortest-period planets, which will be presented in the second paper of this series.
Organisational ineffectiveness: environmental shifts and the transition to crisis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of effectiveness in the context of organisational crisis. It considers the “darker” side of organisational effectiveness by exploring the processes by which effectiveness can be eroded as an organisation moves from an ordered state, through a complex one, and into a state of chaos, or crisis. It brings together complementary literatures on risk, crisis management, and complexity, and uses those lenses to frame some of the key processes that allow organisations to transition to a state that shapes their inabilities to remain effective. Design/methodology/approach – The paper sets out a theoretical framework for the analysis of a crisis event and does so in a way that emphasises the role of the human element in the various stages of a crisis: the incubation phase, the operational crisis, and the post-event legitimation phase. The paper uses the emerging crisis around the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 to illustrate some of the tas.
Is Education Always Reducing Fertility? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Reforms

We study the relationship between education and fertility, exploiting compulsory schooling reforms in England and Continental Europe, implemented between 1936 and 1975. We assess the causal effect of education on the number of biological children and the incidence of childlessness. While we find a negative relationship between education and fertility in England, this result cannot be confirmed for Continental Europe. The additional education generated by schooling expansions on the Continent did not lead to a decrease in the number of biological children nor to an increase in childlessness. These findings are robust to a number of sensitivity and falsification checks.
Managing knowledge through human resource management practices in SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of human resource practices (HRPs) on innovation among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Particularly, two perspective will be considered. The first studying the importance of complementarities of HRPs in terms of HR systems (HRSs) in pursuing innovation processes in SMEs; the second, focuses on the role that single HRPs might have in affecting innovation.
The Donders Machine: Matter, Signs, and Time in a Physiological Experiment, ca. 1865

laboratories is a history of machines—of spatially circumscribed and temporally limited installations that connect a vast number of heterogeneous components: partial objects derived from the experimenter and the experimental subject (eyes, hands, voices, etc.), more or less isolated organs (hearts, lungs, muscles, nerves, etc.), energy sources, styli, sooted paper, tables, notes, and publications. Starting in the 1850s, the territories of physiological and (later on) psychological laboratories were increasingly populated by such installations that transitorily “machinized” mechanical and organic components and combined material with semiotic aspects. In Berlin and Paris, physiologists hooked animals up to kymographs and quicksilver manometers in order to turn bodily functions into indexical curves. In Konigsberg, nerve and muscle preparations were integrated into electromagnetic circuits, not just to produce demonstrative contractions, but also to measure the propagation speed of excitations in the still-living nerve. In the 1870s, Leipzig physiologists presented artificial circulation models to academic audiences and the general public: installations made of rubber hoses, glass tubes, and funnels, in which beating frog hearts functioned as “natural motors” pumping salt water in circles—until the organic components would irrevocably refuse to do service (for a further example, see Fig. 1). All these machines developed continually and as within a “phylum” (while single parts, such as the brass cylinder and
How Board Gender Diversity Affects Corporate Reputation: A Study on Italian Most Reputable Companies

The purpose of this study is to analyze if female presence in boards of directors affects firms’ corporate reputation, as a form of CSR. The underrepresentation of women on boardrooms is a heavy discussed topic, not only in Italy. Based on a critical mass theory and with 149 observations taken from a sample of Italian most reputable companies, from 2012 to 2014, we find that a higher percentage of female members in boardrooms tends to positively affect the level of corporate reputation (considered as a form of corporate social responsibility).
Effects of Extruded Diets with Different Energy Levels on Body Composition of Fat Content in Different Parts of Dorsal, Ventral of Fillet of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

We evaluated the influence of level energy of ratio protein digestible and energy digestible on the body composition of fillet in rainbow trout . Two extruted diets A and B with different energy levels were used: The comparison of the two foods with different formulation is performed in isoenergetic conditions. Following this study, two diets were formulated : the extruded diet A with 41% crude protein, 27% fat and 20% carbohydrate while the extruted food B with 39.7% CP, 24 % fat and 15,7 carbohydrates with digestible energy respectively of 21.32 Mj and 19.32 Mj. The initial average weight of the trouts was 100 g from the same batch of eggs were divided randomly into six fiberglass conical tanks at open circuit. The diet was assigned to 6 tanks for 50 fish each with three replicates for each diet and the experiment was conducted for 127 days. The ratio DP/DE of diet influenced body composition and their distribution in the fillet of fish. The fat composition of the fish muscle varied we obtained the high level fat for the low ratio Digestible Protein/ Digestible Energy (DP/DE). The study showed that the fat content decrease in the part ventral of the fillet to dorsal and anterior to the posterior. The lipid content increased with dietary lipid levels and depends on the protein content in feeds and the ratio DP/DE. Fat composition of the muscle reflected fat levels of diets.
Environmental and microstructural controls of short-term shell degradation in temperate, macrotidal environments

Depositional conditions early post-mortem influence net shell alteration prior to fossilization. This study assesses the progressive degradation of experimentally deployed Mytilus edulis shells and natural aragonite crystals during 13 months at and 10 - 20 cm below the sediment surface in High- and Mid-Marsh Salt Marsh Ponds, a Beach and a Cove (Bay of Fundy, NB, Canada). Changes in net weight, macroscopic, and microstructural features are examined in the context of environmental conditions. Results show that: 1) early degradation processes act very quickly, causing significant changes in shell condition within 13 months post-deposition. 2) The sloughing off of shell crystallites loosened by maceration, bioerosion and maceration, in order of importance, dominate shell degradation in the study environments. 3) Dissolution contributes relatively little to the overall taphonomic signature during early shell degradation. %%%%L’etat de preservation des coquilles d’organismes marins depend directement des conditions environnementales dans lesquelles elles se degradent. Cette etude a pour but de determiner les conditions de degradation progressive de coquillages (Mytilus edulis) et de cristaux abiotiques d’aragonite deployes a l’interface eau-sediment ainsi qu’enfouis (a 10-20 cm) durant treize mois, dans les zones haute et moyenne d’un marais salant, une plage et une crique de la Baie de Fundy (NB, Canada). Les changements macroscopiques, microscopiques et de masse sont discutes relativement aux conditions environnementales. Nos resultats montrent que: 1) la degradation et les processus agissent tres tot apres la deposition, et produisent des changement d’etat significatifs en deca de 13 mois post-mortem. 2) Dans les environments ci-dessus, la mue des tablettes de nacre de la surface de la coquille est le processus le plus efficace, suivi par la bioerosion, et la maceration. 3) La dissolution joue un role secondaire durant la degradation precoce des coquillages.
IS THE END OF STORY ? – ENSURING EQUAL ACCESS AND IMPROVING CONTINUATION RATE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA ( MEMPERLUAS AKSES SEBAGAI JAWABAN

In the last two decades, Indonesian higher education system has expanded rapidly in regards to the number of new established institutions and the number of students enrolled in higher education. However, the participation rate within university level is stated as low. In 2016, it only reached 31 percent. It means, although massification has been implemented within higher education system, it is not in line in ensuring equal access to pupils from disadvantaged social groups such as women, lower socio-economic statuses, and students from outer or periphery areas. Rather, it has been evident as a daunting task. Widening participation is not the end of story, since Indonesia should be dealing with another problem which is non-continuation. By performing secondary analysis on several datasets released by World Bank, Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, and Indonesian Statistics Bureau, this paper explores several major findings on accessibility and retention problem of Indonesian higher education.
Physical quantities of reissner-nordström spacetime with arbitrary function and regularized procedure

We use the covariant teleparallel approach to compute the total energy of a spherically symmetric frame with an arbitrary function, that is, . We show how the total energy is always effected by the inertia. When use is made of the pure gauge connection, teleparallel gravity always yields the physically relevant result. We also calculate the total conserved charge and show how inertia spoils the physics in the time coordinate direction. Therefore, a regularized expression is employed to get a plausible value of energy. Finally, we use the Euclidean continuation method, in the context of TEGR, to calculate the energy, Hawking temperature, entropy, and first law of thermodynamics.
Asymmetric colour matching: memory matching versus simultaneous matching

We have compared corresponding pairs obtained by simultaneous matching (haploscopic matching) and by memory matching (after 10 min) using 34 reference tests selected from the Munsell Atlas (glossy), belonging to the four main hues 5Y, 5G, 5PB, and 5RP. These colours lie very close to the F1 and F2 axes in the SVF space, where we have analyzed our results. Illuminants D65 and A were used as reference and matching illuminants, respectively. Our results show for both kinds of matching a tendency to select more colourful colours than the original ones, with significant differences between matching and test colours, whereas hue does not seem to follow a definite pattern. This behavior is similar to that found in colour-matching experiments without illuminant changes. The analogy does not hold for lightness, which in the present experiment does not seem to follow a clear pattern. The best matching colours lie along the red-green axis and the worst matching colours along the blue-yellow axis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 458–468, 2001
Stem Growth per Unit of Leaf Area: A Measure of Tree Vigor

The ratio of basal area growth to sapwood basal area is shown to correspond with stemwood-volume production per unit of leaf area. Analyzing 122 healthy Douglas-fir in one stand showed this ratio to be consistent among all but suppressed trees. Evaluating other stands suggests the ratio may be sensitive to environment and reflect competition. This ratio of tree vigor will aid silviculturists in determining optimum stocking or in maintaining a stand at a selected level of vigor. FOREST SCl. 26:112-117.
Individual and environmental factors associated with park and plaza use in adults from Curitiba , Brazil

The aim of this study was to identify individual and environmental factors associated with park and plaza use in adults from Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008 with 749 participants (59.9% men) selected in areas for physical activity (PA) in four parks and four plazas. Poisson regression was used to examine the associations of sociodemographic (sex, age, education) and health (body mass index, perceived health) variables, company for park/plaza use, access (perception of distance, access and commuting to the places), and leisure time PA (walking and moderate/vigorous PA MVPA) with frequent use of parks and plazas (≥1 time/wk). The percentage of park and plaza use was 68%, and company (PR: 0.74; CI95%: 0.62-0.89) and higher levels of walking (PR: 1.30; CI95%: 1.03-1.64) and MVPA (PR: 1.39, CI95%: 1.07-1.80) were associated with the use of the places. These results can be used to guide interventions aimed at providing services and facilities for PA practice in parks and plazas.
Vulnerable Decision Points for Disproportionate Office Discipline Referrals: Comparisons of Discipline for African American and White Elementary School Students

Racial disparities in rates of exclusionary school discipline are well documented and seemingly intractable. However, emerging theories on implicit bias show promise in identifying effective interventions. In this study, we used school discipline data from 1,666 elementary schools and 483,686 office discipline referrals to identify specific situations in which disproportionality was more likely. Results were largely consistent with our theoretical model, indicating increased racial and gender disproportionality for subjectively defined behaviors, in classrooms, and for incidents classified as more severe. The time of day also substantially affected disproportionality. These findings can be used to pinpoint specific student-teacher interactions for intervention.
The Non-Visual Detection of Staring Response to Commentators

Several people found the ‘sense of being stared at’ too vague. Susan Blackmore pointed out that it could include the uncontroversial ability of animals to see when others’ gazes are directed towards them. As other respondents realized, the ‘sense of being stared at’ was intended to mean an ability to detect looks from behind, outside the range of vision. But Blackmore is right to insist that this distinction is made explicit. A phrase such as ‘non-visual’ should be added to the ‘sense of being stared at’. William Braud questioned whether the word ‘sense’ is appropriate. In many cases, he pointed out, the detection of staring may indeed be accompanied by a feeling, and also by physiological changes, justifying the term ‘sense’; but in other cases it may involve behavioural reactions, such as turning around, without any conscious awareness of being stared at. Also, he suggested, there might be a form of ‘direct knowing’ rather than sensing. He argued that ‘staring detection’ is a more accurate term. I agree. Anthony Atkinson also questioned the use of the term ‘sense’ on the grounds that such a sense would be very primitive if it conveyed only one message, namely ‘someone is staring at me’. But although most tests carried out so far have concentrated on yes/no responses, there may well be more to this ability. People often claim to detect the direction from which a stare is coming; some people seem able to detect which part of their body is being stared at; and different emotions or intentions associated with a stare may have different effects, according to people’s reports of their experiences (Sheldrake, 2003). I discuss in
Information-seeking behaviour of in-service secondary level geography teachers in Lesotho

This article is part of a doctoral study undertaken in the Department of Information Science at the University of Pretoria. It describes a now-completed investigation of the information-seeking behaviour of secondary level in-service geography teachers in Lesotho using focus group discussions. There were 82 participants in this sub-study teaching in various schools that offer geography both at junior and senior secondary levels in Lesotho. The study used Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain's (1996) model of the information seeking of professionals as its framework. Although Leckie et al's (1996) model identifies five work roles that trigger information needs, the empirical component this study identified three work roles: educator role, administrative role and non-academic role. In addition, the secondary geography teachers who were studied tend to use syllabus documents, learners' textbooks and colleagues as predominant information sources. They prefer information that will be easily understood by their learners and go to great lengths to seek information related to what they will deliver in class. This article offers a descriptive report of some key results.