Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic mitochondrial dysfunction associated with anorexia in the anx/anx mouse

The anorectic anx/anx mouse exhibits disturbed feeding behavior and aberrances, including neurodegeneration, in peptidergic neurons in the appetite regulating hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Poor feeding in infants, as well as neurodegeneration, are common phenotypes in human disorders caused by dysfunction of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). We therefore hypothesized that the anorexia and degenerative phenotypes in the anx/anx mouse could be related to defects in the OXPHOS. In this study, we found reduced efficiency of hypothalamic OXPHOS complex I assembly and activity in the anx/anx mouse. We also recorded signs of increased oxidative stress in anx/anx hypothalamus, possibly as an effect of the decreased hypothalamic levels of fully assembled complex I, that were demonstrated by native Western blots. Furthermore, the Ndufaf1 gene, encoding a complex I assembly factor, was genetically mapped to the anx interval and found to be down-regulated in anx/anx mice. These results suggest that the anorexia and hypothalamic neurodegeneration of the anx/anx mouse are associated with dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I.
Latissimus dorsi avulsion, with coupled teres major injury, in a professional football goalkeeper: case report

Significant upper limb injuries are rare in professional football [soccer]. Latissimus dorsi avulsion injury is particularly rare in sport of all types, with limited published information informing optimal management. A 35 year-old male professional football goalkeeper sustained, via a non-contact ball throwing mechanism, a latissimus dorsi avulsion and partial teres major tendon tear during competitive matchplay. He undertook a conservative rehabilitation programme, emphasising progressive mechanical loading, in order to return to full function and competition. The player successfully returned to unrestricted training at 32 days post-injury and returned to play at 38 days post-injury. At 12 months post-injury he had suffered no injury recurrence and remains playing at the same competition level. Latissimus dorsi avulsion is an uncommon injury, with accurate diagnosis requiring both a high level of clinical suspicion coupled with diagnostic imaging. Despite the severity, this injury may be amenable to conservative management in even elite athletes with high functional demands. The following case outlines such a management approach successfully utilised with a professional football goalkeeper. Prior, M. , Collins, J., Pope, R. (2018). Latissimus dorsi avulsion, with coupled teres major injury, in a professional football goalkeeper: case report. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 46(3): 139-146. doi:10.15619/NZJP/46.3. 06
Surgery for Late-Onset Ulcerative Colitis: Predictors of Short-term Outcome

Background: Onset of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease after the age of 65 (late-onset disease) is not common, and is usually associated with a worse prognosis. We review our experience with late-onset ulcerative colitis and define the predictors of short-term outcome. Methods: A retrospective analysis of our surgical experience with 33 patients suffering from late-onset ulcerative colitis. The medical records of 17 women and 16 men who had surgery between 1984 and 1999 were reviewed for age at surgery, sex, duration of disease, extent of disease, indications for surgery, surgical procedures and outcome. Additionally, we identified predictors of outcome. Results: The median age at surgery was 74 years (range 65-83). The most common indication for surgery was refractoriness to medical treatment. There were 4 deaths for a mortality rate of 12%, and 7 major complications. There was no mortality for elective procedures. On univariate analysis, albumin levels of 2.8 g/dl or less and urgent surgery were predictors of poor outcome. Disease of short duration (3 years or less from onset of disease to surgery) was also associated with a poor outcome, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: We conclude that in the elderly population suffering from late-onset ulcerative colitis and requiring an operation, urgent surgery and hypoalbuminemia are predictors of adverse outcome. Age at surgery, sex and the extent of colonic involvement did not influence outcome. Low complication and death rates should be expected for elective procedures in the elderly.
Seasonal Variations in Circadian Rhythms of Plasma Melatonin in Ruin Lizards

We examined melatonin profiles of ruin lizards in different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) under light:dark (LD) and concomitant responses when transferred to continuous darkness (DD) to determine the degree to which previously reported seasonally dependent effects of pinealectomy on locomotor behavior are related to melatonin secretion. The amplitude of the melatonin rhythm and the amount of melatonin produced over 24 h varied with season. In spring, the amount of melatonin produced was greatest and the amplitude 4- 5 times that found in summer or autumn. The degree of self-sustainment of the melatonin rhythm when transferred to DD also varied with season. In DD, melatonin levels remained high but did not exhibit circadian variation in spring. In summer, the melatonin profile persisted virtually unchanged in DD, showing the existence of a circadian rhythm. Finally, in the fall there was no circadian variation in DD and levels remained low. These responses correspond closely to previously reported effects of pinealectomy on locomotor behavior where there is little or no effect of pinealectomy in spring or fall but a profound alteration of locomotor behavior in summer. These results suggest that the seasonally dependent effects of pinealectomy on locomotor behavior in ruin lizards are related to a seasonally mediated change in the degree of self-sustainment of some component of the circadian pace-making system of which melatonin plays some role.
What Do Options Have to Do with it? Including Information from the Options Market in the Bid-Ask Spread Decomposition

This paper develops a cross-market model to extend Huang and Stoll (1997) by utilizing information from trade flows in the options market. Empirical tests reveal a significant increase in the estimated adverse information component. This increase is observed irrespective of the degree of option leverage. Further, intraday variation in stock bid-ask spread components are affected by the stock trade size and the extent of imbalance in information-based option trades. Including information from the options market enhances the estimation of the stock bid-ask spread decomposition.
Correction: Bromodomain and extraterminal protein inhibition blocks growth of triple-negative breast cancers through the suppression of aurora kinases.

Jennifer M. Sahni, Sylvia S. Gayle, Kristen L. Weber Bonk, Leslie Cuellar Vite, Jennifer L. Yori, Bryan Webb, Erika K. Ramos, Darcie D. Seachrist, Melissa D. Landis, Jenny C. Chang, James E. Bradner, and Ruth A. Keri There was an error in Fig. 6C that included the wrong image for MDA-MB-231 cells treated with vehicle (top left panel). The incorrect image shows MDA-MB-231 cells treated with vehicle for 14 days rather than 8 days as indicated in the legend. This error has now been corrected and does not affect the results or conclusions of this work.
The Role of Anchor Banks and Efficiency of Bank Consolidation: Evidence from Malaysia

The hazards of dependence on bank financing during a phase of rapid economic growth came was underscored in a graphic fashion in Malaysia during the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. Following the imposition of capital controls, the monetary authorities sought to pursue a strategy of consolidation in the banking sector - oriented largely towards shoring up the capital bases of the weaker banks and strengthening the banking system to face up to the competition that would ensure once the provisions of the WTO accord on financial services was implemented. This paper attempts to assess the efficacy of the strategy, in particular, assess the strength of the 'anchor banks' around whom consolidation was to be executed. We use a nonparametric frontier efficiency technique, Data Envelopment Analysis, coupled with other efficiency correlates to assess the competitiveness of banks. Our study differs from other banking papers in two aspects. First, we estimate five different measures of non-stochastic efficiency scores; overall cost, allocative, overall technical, pure technical and scale efficiency. The usefulness of DEA is that it permits us to decompose efficiency into allocative and technical components, and thus better trace the sources of inefficiency in production units. To achieve that, we employ the allocation cost model and returns to scale models, in addition to the two basic DEA models (CCR and BCC). The study also explores the effects of a number of potential correlates of bank efficiency-financial ratios and asset size of institutions that are at least partially exogenous to efficiency. The results will provide a preliminary assessment of the government's continued call for consolidation in the banking sector.
Cells resistant to interferon are defective in activation of a promoter‐binding factor.

Human cultured cell lines deficient in their ability to respond to type I interferon (IFN) fail to interrupt cellular proliferation or to induce an antiviral state following exposure to IFN alpha. Comparison of non‐responsive Daudi and HeLa cell lines with IFN‐responsive partner cell lines and examination of non‐responsive Raji cells showed that the defective cell lines expressed type I IFN receptors of typical number and affinity and bound IFN equivalently compared to the normal cells. However, transcriptional induction of interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) was greatly reduced and delayed in these cell lines, leading to reduced accumulation of ISG mRNA. Furthermore, the rapid activation of IFN‐stimulated promoter binding factors whose appearance correlates with ISG transcriptional induction, did not occur in non‐responsive cells. Thus, the primary defect of these cells leading to an impaired physiological response to IFN appears to be an inability to activate promoter‐binding factors necessary to trigger ISG transcription, an obligate early step in antiviral and antiproliferative physiology.
A Developmental History of Physics Education Research

There is an African proverb that says “Until lions have historians the tale of the hunt will always glorify the hunter. ” It seems that reporting history should be a simple matter of ascertaining the facts and recording them. But, of course, it is not that simple. So, in an effort to avoid reporting events from one particular point of view, I collected information from a wide range of sources. What I will generally report here is a synthesis of this information with multiple sources of input used for triangulation. However, in some cases triangulation was not possible and I can only report on input that I received from a single individual.
Functional outcome after pediatric head injury.

OBJECTIVES To examine the consequences of head injury and the medical, economic, and sociodemographic factors affecting functional status 1 year after injury. METHODS A follow-up was conducted on 95 children (aged 5 to 15) 1 year after they were hospitalized for head injury. Parents were interviewed by phone concerning their child's preinjury and current health status, and the family's economic and social resources during the 1 year postinjury. Inpatient medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding the characteristics of the injury. RESULTS We found that study children were more likely than children from the general population to have limitations in physical health, behavioral problems, and to be enrolled in a special education program. These findings were true for all levels of head injury severity, although children with severe head injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale 5) were more likely to demonstrate these functional limitations than were children with less severe injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale 2, 3, 4). After controlling for head injury severity, we found that the poorer outcomes were associated with poverty, preinjury chronic health problems, and lower extremity injuries. CONCLUSIONS The large proportion of children who demonstrated functional limitations underscores the importance of evaluating all children hospitalized with head injuries for functional limitations and providing rehabilitation and social services when needed.
An Efficient Approach for Object Detection and Tracking of Objects in a Video with Variable Background

This paper proposes a novel approach to create an automated visual surveillance system which is very efficient in detecting and tracking moving objects in a video captured by moving camera without any apriori information about the captured scene. Separating foreground from the background is challenging job in videos captured by moving camera as both foreground and background information change in every consecutive frames of the image sequence; thus a pseudo-motion is perceptive in background. In the proposed algorithm, the pseudo-motion in background is estimated and compensated using phase correlation of consecutive frames based on the principle of Fourier shift theorem. Then a method is proposed to model an acting background from recent history of commonality of the current frame and the foreground is detected by the differences between the background model and the current frame. Further exploiting the recent history of dissimilarities of the current frame, actual moving objects are detected in the foreground. Next, a two-stepped morphological operation is proposed to refine the object region for an optimum object size. Each object is attributed by its centroid, dimension and three highest peaks of its gray value histogram. Finally, each object is tracked using Kalman filter based on its attributes. The major advantage of this algorithm over most of the existing object detection and tracking algorithms is that, it does not require initialization of object position in the first frame or training on sample data to perform. Performance of the algorithm is tested on benchmark videos containing variable background and very satisfiable results is achieved. The performance of the algorithm is also comparable with some of the state-of-the-art algorithms for object detection and tracking.
Overeducation in the Early Career of Secondary Education Graduates

Based on monthly observations of their employment and overeducation status in the first seven years after leaving education, we use optimal matching sequence analysis to construct a typology of entry patterns of Flemish secondary education graduates. We find that for a significant number of young people, overeducation constitutes a persistent problem, affecting about half of the sample for nearly the full observation period. Investigating the risk factors shows factors, such as, having lower human capital endowments or facing job search constraints enhancing the risk of following disadvantageous trajectories. A lower reservation wage seems to make being persistently overeducated more likely. Yet, starting as ‘overeducated’ does not necessarily lead to being stuck as overeducated in the rest of the career. About 7 per cent of our sample succeeds in entering an adequate position even after being overeducated for a relatively long period.
Declining Trends in the Real Interest Rate and Inflation: The Role of Aging

This paper explores a causal link between aging of the labor force and declining trends in the real interest rate and inflation in Japan. We develop a New Keynesian search/matching model that features heterogeneities in age and firm-specific skills. Using the model, we examine the long-run implications of the sharp drop in labor force entry in the 1970s. We show that the changes in the demographic structure induce significant low-frequency movements in per-capita consumption growth and the real interest rate. They also lead to similar movements in the inflation rate when the monetary policy follows the standard Taylor rule, failing to recognize the timevarying nature of the natural rate of interest. The model suggests that aging of the labor force accounts for roughly 40% of the declines in the real interest rate observed between the 1980s and 2000s in Japan.
Strategies for managing group A streptococcal pharyngitis. A survey of board-certified pediatricians.

OBJECTIVE To assess the management strategies and knowledge of board-certified pediatricians regarding group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis. DESIGN Survey of 1000 US pediatricians in 1991, chosen randomly from the membership of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The survey included questions related to 2 clinical scenarios, respondent demographics, and knowledge of streptococcal pharyngitis. SUBJECTS Pediatricians who treated patients with pharyngitis. Of the 690 surveys that were returned, 510 pediatricians treated patients with pharyngitis and were included in the data analysis. DATA ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using Chi 2 statistics for categorical data and the Student t test for continuous variables. RESULTS Antigen detection tests (ADTs) were used by 64% of the pediatricians; 85% used throat cultures. Strategies for diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis were throat culture alone (38%), consider positive ADTs definitive and use throat culture when ADTs are negative (42%), ADT alone (13%), ADT and throat culture for all patients with pharyngitis (5%), and no tests for GABHS performed (2%). Thirty-one percent usually or always treated with antibiotics before test results were available. Only 29% of these "early treaters" always discontinued antibiotics when tests did not confirm the presence of group A streptococci. The drug of choice for treatment was penicillin (73%); another 26% preferred a derivative of penicillin, particularly amoxicillin. Many pediatricians altered their management when a patient had recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis. Nearly half of the respondents would use a different antibiotic than they used for routine acute streptococcal pharyngitis. They most often changed to erythromycin (25%), cefadroxil (23%), or amoxicillin-clavulanate (20%). Follow-up throat culture was obtained by 51% of pediatricians after treatment of recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis. A patient with chronic carriage of GABHS and symptoms of pharyngitis would be treated with an antibiotic by 84%; most (62%) would use a penicillin. Other choices were cephalosporins (19%), erythromycin (12%), clindamycin (3%), or rifampin plus penicillin (3%). Tonsillectomy was recommended for symptomatic carriers by 31% of respondents. Carriers without symptoms were less likely to be treated with antibiotics (23%) or referred for tonsillectomy (21%). CONCLUSIONS Most surveyed board-certified pediatricians managed acute GABHS pharyngitis appropriately, but 15% to 20% used diagnostic or treatment strategies that are not recommended. There was lack of a consensus about the management of recurrent GABHS pharyngitis and chronic carriage of GABHS.
Using classification for cost reduction of applying mutation testing

The paper uses machine learning methods to deal with the problem of reducing the cost of applying mutation testing. A method of classifying mutants of a program using structural similarity is proposed. To calculate such a similarity each mutant is firstly converted into a hierarchical graph, which represents the mutant's control flow, variables and conditions. Then using such a graph form graph kernels are introduced to calculate similarity among mutants. The classification algorithm is then applied for prediction. This approach helps to lower the number of mutants which have to be executed. An experimental validation of this approach is also presented.
Increased brain water self-diffusion in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

PURPOSE To investigate changes in brain water diffusion in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. METHODS A motion-compensated MR pulse sequence was used to create diffusion maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in 12 patients fulfilling conventional diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in 12 healthy volunteers. RESULTS A significantly larger ADC was found within subcortical white matter in the patient group (mean, 1.16 x 10(-9) m2/s) than in the control group (mean, 0.75 x 10(-9) m2/s), whereas no significant differences were found within cortical gray matter, the basal nuclei, the internal capsule, or the corpus callosum. Four of 7 patients with increased ADC in subcortical white matter also had increased ADC within gray matter. CONCLUSION Measurement of diffusion coefficients in vivo demonstrated increased local water mobility within subcortical white matter in 7 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension that otherwise appeared normal on conventional MR imaging. Further studies are necessary to assess the clinical significance of these observations.
The Effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program on Food and Nonfood Spending Among Low-Income Households

The main goal of this was to examine the impact of the SNAP program on the allocation of food and nonfood spending expenditures across six subgroups: food, utilities, apparel, transportation, medical care, and other nonfood spending. The empirical analysis is conducted using a consumer demand approach instead of the traditional Engel curve approach used to evaluate the effect of SNAP participation on household spending. Endogeneity and measurement error of the SNAP participation variable and endogeneity of total expenditures are accounted for with the use of specialized econometric procedures.
Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Utilization of Rehabilitation Services in the Visually Impaired Elderly Population of Quebec

Data on the prevalence of reported visual impairment and on the utilization of rehabilitation services were collected on a sample consisting of 1777 community-residing people aged at least 65 years. A visual disability was considered to be present if the answer to at least one of the following two questions was positive: Do you have trouble reading ordinary newsprint with glasses (if normally worn)? Do you have trouble clearly seeing the face of someone 12 feet away with glasses (if normally worn)? Prevalence of a reported near disability was 7.6%, prevalence of a reported distance disability was 4.4%, and 3.5% of subjects reported both types of disability. In a subsample of the surveyed population, the positive predictive value was 21% and the negative predictive value was 100%, using moderate or worse visual impairment as the gold standard. Among those answering yes to both questions, 11.4% received services from a rehabilitation center and 10.0% from a nonprofit agency. The utilization rates (adjusted to apply only to those whose visual impairment was confirmed by visual examination) reached 20% for rehabilitation centers and 17.5% for nonprofit agencies. Low utilization of rehabilitation services raises questions concerning the role of general eye care practitioners, community-based health centers, and rehabilitation centers in the rehabilitative process of the visually impaired elderly.