Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clozapine in the treatment of psychotic mood disorders, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Although growing research indicates that the atypical antipsychotic agent clozapine is effective in patients with schizophrenia, little is known about the efficacy of clozapine in patients with schizoaffective disorder or psychotic mood disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess whether or not clozapine is effective in some patients with schizoaffective disorder or psychotic mood disorders. METHOD By surveying treating clinicians and chart data, we assessed treatment response in 85 consecutive patients, including 39 with schizophrenia, 25 with schizoaffective disorder, and 14 with bipolar disorder with psychotic features, who received clozapine for at least 6 weeks at our center. RESULTS All patients were either inadequately responsive to or unable to tolerate standard somatic therapies. Compared to patients with schizophrenia, patients with schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychotic features displayed significantly higher response rates to clozapine. CONCLUSION Clozapine may be a useful drug in the treatment of patients with schizoaffective disorder or psychotic mood disorders who are treatment resistant or intolerant of side effects.
Spatial Analysis and Present Situation Evaluation of Urban Residential Land Suitability Based on GIS: A Case Study in Changchun, China

Analysis and evaluation of urban residential land suitability plays an important role in the overall plan of urban land and coordination subsystem, and has important significance in improving the quality of urban inhabited environment. This paper discussed how to analyze and evaluate the suitability of urban residential land qualitatively and efficiently, taking Changchun, China as study area by GIS technology. The study began with the establishment of evaluation index system which consisted of two steps: Index Selection and Indexes Weight Determination which applied the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Then analysis and evaluation was carried out on the spatial distribution map of residential suitability obtained by raster calculation in ArcGIS 9.2. The application of geometric road network is a great improvement compared with the previous methods which was based on straight line distance, thus making the spatial distribution map more reasonable. The analysis result indicates that the closer to the center of Changchun, the higher and the greater fluctuation of residential suitability presented. And the present situation evaluation result not only shows that the residential land distribution of Changchun basically corresponds with the analysis result talked above, but also proves that there is a significant negative correlation between the residential land suitability and the distance from residential areas to the city center by correlation analysis. environment, economy, society, etc, while domestic experts pay more attention to the aspects of nature, environment, society, etc. In the research method, GIS as an advanced technique for spatial analysis has been introduced to this research, but previous study mostly based on line distance, which may not accord with the reality. In this paper, some improvements are given in the light of the problems above mentioned. Based on the study area of Changchun, we fully considered factors affected the suitability of residential land and established the evaluation index system for residential suitability analysis of Changchun. Then with the establishment of geometric road network, spatial distribution map of residential land suitability for Changchun was generated by distance analysis on the network and index calculation according to the given weights. Finally, conclusions were draw through analysis and evaluation on the spatial distribution map.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Self-Help Interventions in Tinnitus

This study is a review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help interventions for tinnitus. Randomized controlled trials were identified by searching in databases (e.g. ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PSYNDEX) and by manual search. Ten studies with 1188 participants in total were included in the meta-analysis. Participants were 49.2 years old and had tinnitus for 5.2 years. Self-help interventions significantly reduced tinnitus distress (d = 0.48) and depressiveness (d = 0.25) when compared with a passive control (e.g. information only and discussion forums) at post-assessment. There was no difference to the face-to-face controls (group treatment). The presence of therapists and the methodological quality of the studies did not influence the results. Sensitivity analysis revealed that there might be a publication bias regarding the comparison to the face-to-face control. However, the results suggest that CBT self-help interventions are an effective treatment for tinnitus distress. Since few studies were identified, this conclusion must be supported by future meta-analyses.
CFS prevalence and risk factors over time

The present natural history study examined the course of CFS from 1995—97 (Wave 1) to approximately 10 years later (Wave 2) from a random, community-based, multi-ethnic population. The rate of CFS remained approximately the same over the period of time from Wave 1 to Wave 2, although a high level of mortality was found (18% of those with medical or psychiatric exclusions group, 12.5% for the CFS group). Physical measures of disability and fatigue, along with measures of specific somatic symptoms, better differentiate individuals who later are diagnosed with CFS than more psychosocial measures such as stress and coping.
Evaluation of chemosensitivity of human bone marrow stromal cells--differences between common chemotherapeutic drugs.

BACKGROUND Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are essential for normal hematopoiesis, but also support the growth and survival of malignant hematopoietic cells. There are currently no data available regarding the sensitivity of BMSCs to cytotoxic drugs widely used in the therapy of hematological diseases such as multiple myeloma or acute leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemosensitivity of the BMSC line HS-5 and of primary BMSCs from patients were evaluated in comparison to NCI-H929 myeloma and U937 leukemia cells. RESULTS Both HS-5 cells and human BMSCs showed substantial cell death in response to chemotherapy. While alkylating agents (melphalan, treosulfan) and doxorubicin demonstrated marked BMSC toxicity, nucleotide analogs (gemcitabine, cytarabine) induced only limited BMSC apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the BMSC toxicity of cytotoxic compounds should be considered in chemotherapeutic regimens.
A Comprehensive Model for Better Multicast Routing Protocol (BMRP-QoS) to Improve Qos in Manets

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of N wireless mobile stations which will not require any wired infrastructure or centralized administration. To face the real time needs and challenges, MANETs must provide more rapid services with better Quality of Service (QoS). Routing is one of the best criteria to improve the performance of ad-hoc networks. Multicast routing protocols provide more reliable paths, which are more resilient to link failures, mobility of nodes and are more suitable for MANETs. The objective of this article is to improve the QoS in MANETs by a comprehensive model. The model consists of the following phases:
Pediatric sport-related concussion education: Effectiveness and long-term retention of the head safety in youth sports (HSYS) program for youth athletes aged 11–16

Abstract Objective: The goals of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of the curriculum for youth athletes and determine long-term retention in those who have previously participated. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Middle schools. Participants: 887 male and female sixth- through eighth-grade Physical Education students, ranging from ages 11 to 16 entered and 858 students finished the HSYS Program. Subjects (n = 29) were excluded if they did not complete their pre-workshop or post-workshop test. Interventions: The program is designed to be a 35–45 min workshop. Main Outcome Measures: Tests were administered before and after workshop participation to evaluate knowledge of concussion and response to head injury. Results: The aggregated pre-workshop and post-workshop mean test scores for participants from all five middle schools were 68% ± 2% and 85% ± 3%, respectively, which demonstrated significant improvement in test scores after participation in the HSYS Program (paired t-test, p < 0.0001). Analyzed individually, each school (MS1–5) demonstrated significant improvement between pre- and post-workshop mean test scores (paired t-test, p < 0.0001). On evaluation of long-term retention of the HSYS Program, students (n = 78) from MS3 who had previously participated in the program scored 7% higher than those students (n = 145) who had no prior exposure (unpaired t-test, p < 0.05). Conclusion: HSYS Program is a multifactorial curriculum that effectively educates students and provides long-term retention about concussion and head safety. The program engages youth athletes in understanding the significance of head safety and creates an opportunity to initiate this discussion and influence athletic behavior to improve head safety.
Declarative memory and skill-related knowledge: Evidence from a case study of amnesia and implications for theories of memory

ABSTRACT Theoretical and empirical studies of memory have long been framed by a distinction between declarative and non-declarative memory. We question the sharpness of the distinction by reporting evidence from amnesic L.S. J., who despite retrograde memory losses in declarative knowledge domains, shows sparing of declarative knowledge related to premorbid skill (e.g., playing an instrument). We previously showed that L.S. J. had severe losses of retrograde declarative knowledge across areas of premorbid expertise (e.g., artists of famous works) and everyday knowledge (e.g., company names for logos). Here we present evidence that L.S. J. has sparing of what we call skill-related declarative knowledge, in four domains in which she had premorbid skill (art, music, aviation, driving). L.S. J.’s pattern of loss and sparing raises questions about the strict separation between classically-defined memory types and aligns with a recent proposal by Stanley and Krakauer [2013. Motor skill depends on knowledge of facts. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7,1-11].
Irritable bowel syndrome: the view from general practice

Objective: To determine the attributes of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in general practice as perceived by the doctors. Subjects and methods: We administered a 93‐item questionnaire about the terminology, diagnosis and treatment of the irritable bowel to 43 of 55 randomly selected general practitioners (28 men, 15 women). Results: General practitioners were unfamiliar with the Manning criteria for the irritable bowel syndrome. Nevertheless, most of them diagnosed the irritable bowel with reasonable confidence and it is less troublesome to them than pelvic pain, headache or backache. Their main concern was excluding organic disease (63%) and 65% believed their patients shared this concern. Nevertheless, they ordered few tests and were often (72%) prepared to make the diagnosis on the initial visit. They estimated that they referred only 14% of IBS patients to specialists, in most cases (56%) because of an unsatisfied patient and in 35% because of an uncertain diagnosis. For treatment, most (77%) chose ‘explanation and reassurance’. Virtually all employed drugs, usually several. Conclusion: General practitioners say they diagnose the irritable bowel syndrome with less difficulty than other common, painful disorders, but it would be helpful to find out exactly how they do so. Their confidence could be increased by use of diagnostic criteria. Patients referred to specialists are likely to be a minority of hard‐to‐satisfy people. The optimal approach to such patients should be developed by general practitioners and specialists together. Specialists should strive to satisfy the patient and confirm the diagnosis in the few that are referred. Drug usage in the irritable bowel syndrome is more than is justified and should, in our view, be minimized.
Plasticity of acid phosphatase (FRAP) afferent terminal fields and of dorsal horn cell growth in the neonatal rat

Peripheral nerve section results in depletion of fluoride‐resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) from the nerve terminals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Schoenen et al., '68) and this has been used in the past to map the termination field of individual nerves (Rustioni et al., '71; Devor and Claman, '80). In the present study we show that a similar central depletion occurs following sciatic nerve section or crush in neonatal rats. Unlike adults, however, the area of depletion is rapidly filled by sprouting of FRAP‐containing afferent terminals from nearby intact peripheral nerves. The sprouting is extensive but never completely fills the depleted area. After nerve crush there is some recovery of FRAP from the sciatic nerve terminals themselves as well as from nearby nerve terminals. The source of recovered FRAP is demonstrated by resectioning or recrushing the nerves. The sprouting occurred when the sciatic was injured on day 1 but failed to take place when the injury was applied on or after day 10.
A comprehensive review of diagnostic techniques for detection of cryptosporidium parvum in stool samples

–Cryptosporidium parvum is a significant cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans. Many diagnostic techniques are available for its detection. Most of these includeMicroscopic methods, Serological methods, and Molecular methods. The present review aims in describing various diagnostic techniques available along with their advantages and limitations. Keywords––Cryptosporidium parvum, diagnostic techniques, stool sample
Blinded, two-laboratory comparative analysis of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin production by using monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, suckling mouse assay, and gene probes

Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) can be identified by a variety of assays, including the suckling mouse assay (SMA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), polyclonal or monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and DNA hybridization with STh and STp gene probes. To compare the sensitivity and reliability of these assays, 100 coded ETEC and non-ETEC isolates were blindly tested in two independent laboratories. SMA, RIA, and monoclonal ELISA were performed in Cincinnati, Ohio, while gene probe analysis was performed in Baltimore, Md. The method of storage of organisms had a profound effect on the stability of plasmids in certain strains. Hybridization experiments to determine the presence or absence of the enterotoxin gene showed that strains stored on Dorset egg medium at room temperature better retained their plasmids than strains stored frozen in skim milk. Forty-four of the 100 organisms obtained from the skim milk stock were found to produce STa in liquid culture by the RIA, SMA, and monoclonal ELISA (100% agreement). However, 50 of 54 of the strains stored on Dorset egg medium which were originally classified as STa+ or ST+ LT+ (positive for both heat-stable and heat-labile [LT] enterotoxins) were found to produce STa and retain the plasmid by each of these assays. Three additional strains were found which harbored the plasmid but did not elaborate STa by any of the assays (3% discrepancy). The monoclonal antibody ELISA appears to be highly reliable for determination of STa production by ETEC and can be easily scored visually even by untrained personnel. Furthermore, when this STa assay is coupled with a polyclonal antibody assay, it is possible to predict the genotype of STh- and STp-producing organisms.
A non-invasive plant-based probe for continuous monitoring of water stress in real time: a new tool for irrigation scheduling and deeper insight into drought and salinity stress physiology

The non-invasive, magnetic leaf patch clamp pressure probe (also termed ZIM-probe) allows for the first time to measure continuously turgor pressure changes of plant leaves over long periods of time with high precision and in real time. The probe has become an important tool in plant physiology, molecular biology and ecology, but also in agriculture because the probe is very robust and user-friendly. Growers receive the information about the water status of their plants by wireless telemetry, mobile network and internet on an as-needed basis and can thus adjust very precisely both the timing of irrigation and the quantity of water to apply. Effects of air and leaf temperature, relative humidity, illumination and wind on turgor pressure can be monitored very sensitively both under indoor and outdoor conditions. Even the effects of blue and red light as well as of oscillations of stomata aperture on turgor pressure can be monitored by the probe with high sensitivity. Similarly, water deficit due to increase of the osmotic pressure in the nutrition solutions resulted in significant changes of the probe signals. Multiple probe readings open up new possibilities to resolve (together with other techniques) the mechanisms of short- and long-distance water transport, particularly how plants can cope with water shortage. The applications of the magnetic probe are numerous and one can expect highly interesting developments in plant water relations in the nearest future.
Cleavage of the Amino Terminus of the Prion Protein by Reactive Oxygen Species*

Relatively limited information is available on the processing and function of the normal cellular prion protein, PrPC. Here it is reported for the first time that PrPC undergoes a site-specific cleavage of the octapeptide repeat region of the amino terminus on exposure to reactive oxygen species. This cleavage was both copper- and pH-dependent and was retarded by the presence of other divalent metal ions. The oxidative state of the cell also decreased detection of full-length PrPC and increased detection of amino-terminally fragmented PrPC within cells. Such a post-translational modification has vast implications for PrPC, in its processing, because such cleavage could alter further proteolysis, and in the formation of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein, PrPSc, because abnormal cleavage of PrPSc occurs into the octapeptide repeat region.
Behavior of the Blade Tip Vortices of a Wind Turbine Equipped with a Brimmed-Diffuser Shroud

To clarify the behavior of the blade tip vortices of a wind turbine equipped with a brimmed-diffuser shroud, called a “Wind-Lens turbine”, we conducted a three-dimensional numerical simulation using a large eddy simulation (LES). Since this unique wind turbine consists of not only rotating blades but also a diffuser shroud with a broad-ring brim at the exit periphery, the flow field around the turbine is highly complex and unsteady. Previously, our research group conducted numerical simulations using an actuator-disc approximation, in which the rotating blades were simply modeled as an external force on the fluid. Therefore, the detailed flow patterns around the rotating blades and the shroud, including the blade tip vortices, could not be simulated. Instead of an actuator-disc approximation, we used a moving boundary technique in the present CFD simulation to simulate the flow around a rotating blade in order to focus especially on blade tip vortices. The simulation results showed a pair of vortices consisting of a blade tip vortex and a counter-rotating vortex which was generated between the blade tip and the inner surface of the diffuser. Since these vortices interacted with each other, the blade tip vortex was weakened by the counter-rotating vortex. The results showed good agreement with past wind tunnel experiments.
Properties of sensors based on shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves in LiTaO/sub 3//SiO/sub 2/ and quartz/SiO/sub 2/ structures

Acoustic wave devices based on waveguide modes with shear-horizontal polarization, i.e., Love modes, are very promising for sensor application, especially in liquid environments. They can be used for the determination of liquid density and viscosity as well as for chemical sensors. Up to now, several systems have been reported based on standard ST quartz. Those devices lack temperature stability, which is essential for field application. Thus, temperature-compensated systems based on different Y-rotated quartz and lithium tantalate (LiTaO/sub 3/) plates with SiO/sub 2/ guiding layers have been investigated. Temperature behavior as well as relevant acoustic properties were considered. Furthermore, experimentally determined data for device sensitivity are compared with theoretical predictions from numerical calculations.
Increased expression of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in the colonic mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may result from exaggerated stimulation of the mucosal immune system by luminal bacterial flora. Bacterial products are recognized by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), which are key regulators of the innate immune system. Therefore, the expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in colonic biopsy samples taken from children with active IBD were studied and compared to controls. Colonic biopsy samples were collected from macroscopically inflamed and non‐inflamed regions of the mucosa of 12 children with freshly diagnosed IBD (fdIBD) and 23 children with relapsed IBD (rIBD). Specimens were also obtained from eight controls. TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA expression and protein levels were determined by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and Western blot. We found higher TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein levels in the inflamed colonic mucosa of children with fdIBD and rIBD compared to controls. In the non‐inflamed colonic mucosa of children with fdIBD and rIBD, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein levels were similar to controls. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein levels also did not differ between children with fdIBD or rIBD in either inflamed or non‐inflamed colonic mucosa. TLR3 mRNA expression and protein levels were similar in all groups studied. Our results of increased levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the inflamed colonic mucosa of children with IBD confirm the hypothesis that innate immunity has an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.