Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of potato tuber disease with organic soil amendments in two Prince Edward Islands fields

Single applications of liquid swine manure (LSM; ca. 49 hL/ha), ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS; a product derived from the pulp and paper processing industry, 50% solids at ca. 10 hL/ha), and Nature Safe (NS) 10:2:8 (N:P:K; an organic fertilizer made primarily of poultry feathers, ca. 8.6 t/ha) were made at two commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields (sites P-I and P-II) in Prince Edward Island in the spring of 1999. Potato tubers were planted 3 weeks later and again in 2000 and 2001 without further addition of amendments. The effects on potato scab, black scurf, silver scurf, fusarium dry rot, verticillium wilt, and tuber yield were determined. Potato scab severity was significantly reduced (77%–84%) by NS compared with the controls at both sites in the first year. Scab severity remained significantly lower in the second year, but there was no difference from the controls in the third year. ALS significantly reduced scab severity (54%) compared with the controls at both sites in the first year, and scab severity remained lower than the control at only one site (P-I) and only for the second year. The mechanism by which ALS reduced scab severity is not known. LSM significantly reduced scab severity (38%) at one site only (P-II) and only in the first year. The control at site P-II was likely due to the favourable pH (5.4) for biotoxic activity of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the LSM, whereas the soil pH of 6.4 at site P-I was unfavourable for VFA toxicity to Streptomyces scabiei. The severity of black scurf was significantly reduced compared with the control at both sites by LSM (51% at P-I and 48% at P-II) and NS (40% at P-I and 61% at P-II) but in the first year only. There was no significant effect on the severity of silver scurf or fusarium dry rot or tuber yield by any amendment in any year. Verticillium wilt was significantly reduced compared with the control by ALS (88%) and NS (66%) at only one site (P-I) and only in the second year. Marketable yield was increased at both sites for NS and ALS, and at one site for LSM.
A multi‐tracers analysis of sources and transfers of particulate organic matter in a tropical reservoir (Petit Saut, French Guiana)

We measured the organic carbon (OC) content, the isotopic composition, the C/N ratios and the photosynthetic pigment composition of suspended matter, sediments, sediments traps and epiphytic and epilithic biofilms at the tropical Sinnamary River system (French Guiana). Our sampling included the mid‐stream reservoir lake (Petit Saut) and the estuary on the Atlantic coast. These tracers were complementary and allowed identifying different sources of particulate organic matter (POM) in the system. We found a δ13C–C/N signature of POM close to that of soils and litters collected in the surrounding forest, both for water column and sediment at the upstream station as well as for the sediment in a littoral zone of the reservoir, which thus indicated a terrestrial origin. Plankton communities at the centre of the reservoir were dominated by Chlorophyceae (chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and lutein) in the oxic epilimnion and by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, namely Chlorobiaceae (bacteriochlorophyll d (BChl d) and bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c)) at and below the oxycline (6 m depth). In addition, this planktonic material was slightly 13C‐depleted due to a contribution of methanotrophic bacteria. Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were the major source of settling material collected in the traps at all depths in the centre of the reservoir. In the traps, POM was subject to intense degradation, as revealed by C/N and isotopic data and by the presence of pheopigments. In the river downstream of the dam, Chl b, lutein, BChl c and d originating from the reservoir progressively decreased downstream as the result of mineralization. At the estuarine mouth, fucoxanthin showed the presence of diatoms and the δ13C‐C/N signature matched that of POM carried by the Amazonian coastal mobile mud belt. By analysing sedimentation rates in the reservoir and its outflow into the river, we were able to provide a first estimates of POM transfers in this system during the sampling period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross-borehole tomography with correlation delay times

We evaluated a comprehensive numerical experiment of finitefrequency tomography with ray-based (“banana-doughnut”) kernels that tested all aspects of this method, starting from the generation of seismograms in a 3D model, the window selection, and the crosscorrelation with seismograms predicted for a background model, to the final regularized inversion. In particular, we tested if the quasilinearity of crosscorrelation delays allowed us to forego multiple (linearized) iterations in the case of strong reverberations characterizing multiple scattering and the gain in resolution that can be obtained by observing body-wave dispersion. Contrary to onset times, traveltimes observed by crosscorrelation allowed us to exploit energy arriving later in the time window centered in the P-wave or any other indentifiable ray arrival, either scattered from, or diffracted around, lateral heterogeneities. We tested using seismograms calculated by the spectral element method in a cross-borehole experiment conducted in a 3D checkerboard cube. The use of multiple frequency bands allowed us to estimate body-wave dispersion caused by diffraction effects. The large velocity contrast (10%) and the regularity of the checkerboard pattern caused severe reverberations that arrived late in the crosscorrelation windows. Nevertheless, the model resulting from the inversion with a data fit with reduced χ 2 ¼ 1 resulted in an excellent correspondence with the input model and allowed for a complete validation of the linearizations that lay at the basis of the theory. The use of multiple frequencies led to a significant increase in resolution. Moreover, we evaluated a case in which the sign of the anomalies in the checkerboard was systematically reversed in the ray-theoretical solution, a clear demonstration of the reality of the “doughnut-hole” effect. The experiment validated finite-frequency theory and disqualified ray-theoretical inversions of crosscorrelation delay times.
Community pharmacy-based asthma services: current perspectives and future directions

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice 2014:3 49–70 Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice Dovepress
Risk-Bearing Capacity of Households – Linking Micro-Level Data to the Macroprudential Toolkit

This paper aims to enhance the macroprudential risk assessment of households by integrating micro-level data, namely data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), into the assessment. As opposed to data reported under the supervisory framework, HFCS data include detailed information on the debt and wealth of Austrian households. This paper outlines three examples of how HFCS data can improve the macroprudential toolkit. (1) We improve the credit risk parameters in retail models used in OeNB macroeconomic stress tests by incorporating household vulnerability simulations. Vulnerability is modeled based on a combination of four macroeconomic shocks (changes in the unemployment rate, changes in income, changes in short- and long-term interest rates and appreciations of foreign currencies). In the most severe stress scenario, the probability of default (PD) of performing household exposures increases by 2.3 percentage points. (2) We analyze the debt-to-income (D/I) ratio of foreign currency debt holders as a measure of risk-bearing capacity and find that D/I ratios are unevenly distributed among these households. About 20% of foreign currency debt holders have a rather poor risk-bearing capacity in terms of income reserves and carry more than 80% of the loss potential of Swiss franc-denominated loans. (3) We use the HFCS data’s singular quality of allowing the calculation and presentation of initial and c urrent loan-to-value (LTV) ratios to show that initial LTV ratios have a positive relation with debt service-to-income ratios and with the term of a loan, but a negative relation with income.
Heat transport in quantum spin chains: Relevance of integrability

We investigate heat transport in various quantum spin chains, using the projector operator technique. We find that anomalous heat transport is linked not to the integrability of the Hamiltonian, but to whether it can be mapped to a model of non-interacting fermions. Our results also suggest how seemingly anomalous transport may occur at low temperatures in a much wider class of models.
Vertical zonation in the rocky intertidal at Cocos Island (Isla del Coco), Costa Rica: A comparison with other tropical locations

This study presents a description of the tropical intertidal shores of Cocos Island (Isla del Coco), Pacific, Costa Rica. The intertidal zones were surveyed photographically with 116 digital images of quadrats (25 x 25 cm), and 130 of the cliffs in five days. The percent of cover and abundance of species in the intertidal zones were estimated by digital image analysis. Twenty-three taxa were found, Mollusca was the most specious (12 species). Littorinid and neritid mollusks were dominant in the higher littoral area. The predator snails Plicopurpura patula pansa , and Thais brevidentata , high densities of the pulmonate limpet Siphonaria gigas and some patches with low cover of the barnacle Tetraclita stalactifera were present in the mid-littoral zone. The encrusting algae dominate the rock surface at mid and low littoral and erect-frondose forms were only found in sheltered boulder shores. A high similarity in species identity was found between mainland and insular territories of the eastern tropical Pacific. Panamanian islands were most similar in terms of the algae assemblage of Cocos Island. The Galapagos Islands differ from Cocos Island in their higher erect-frondose and crustose algal cover, and lower densities of S. gigas . Grazing may be an important factor in structuring the intertidal community of Cocos Island and other regions of the eastern tropical Pacific. The main grazer in the cliffs and boulders was S. gigas which was larger in size (5.77 cm ± 1.00) than those of mainland and island sites in Costa Rica and Panama. Boulders and cliffs presented changes in the zonation and densities between sheltered or wave exposed areas. The position of organisms on the intertidal cliffs increased at high tidal level in more exposed sections of the coast. Moreover, topographic characteristics of boulders and cliffs influenced the densities of some gastropods around the island. Shores with ignimbrites, aa lavas or basaltic walls with a slight inclination towards the sea presented high densities of gastropods. The difference in the assemblages at Cocos Island from those of the continental and insular shores indicates high dynamics within intertidal tropical ecosystems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 2): 171-187. Epub 2008 August 29.
Effects of herbicides diuron and atrazine on corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

In response to recent reports of contamination of the nearshore marine environment along the Queensland coast by herbicides (including areas inside the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park), an ecotoxicological assessment was conducted of the impact of the herbicides diuron and atrazine on scleractinian corals. Pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence techniques were used to assess the herbicide effects on the symbiotic dinoflagellates within the tissues (in hospite) of 4 species of coral (Acropora formosa, Montipora digitata, Porites cylindrica, Seriatopora hystrix) in static toxicity tests, and in freshly isolated symbiotic dinoflagellates from Stylophora pistillata. Using change in the effective quantum yield (DeltaF/F-m') as an effect criterion, diuron (no observable effect concentration, NOEC = 0.3 mug 1(-1); lowest observable effect concentration, LOEC = 1 mug 1(-1); median effective concentration, EC50 4 to 6 mug 1(-1)) was found to be more toxic than atrazine (NOEC = 1 mug 1(-1), LOEC = 3 mug 1(-1), EC50 40 to 90 mug 1(-1)) in short-term (10 h) toxicity tests. In the tests with isolated algae, significant reductions in DeltaF/F-m' were recorded as low as 0.25 mug 1(-1) diuron (LOEC, EC50 = 5 mug 1(-1)). Time-course experiments indicated that the effects of diuron were rapid and reversible. At 10 mug 1(-1) diuron, DeltaF/F-m' was reduced by 25% in 20 to 30 min, and by 50% in 60 to 90 min. Recovery of DeltaF/F-m' in corals exposed to 10 mug 1(-1) diuron and then transferred to running seawater was slower, returning to within 10% of control values inside 1 to 7 h. The effect of a reduction in salinity (35 to 27%) on diuron toxicity (at 1 and 3 mug 1(-1) diuron) was tested to examine the potential consequences of contaminated coastal flood plumes inundating inshore reefs. DeltaF/F-m' was reduced in the diuron-exposed corals, but there was no significant interaction between diuron and reduced salinity seawater within the 10 h duration of the test. Exposure to higher (100 and 1000 mug 1(-1)) diuron concentrations for 96 h caused a reduction in DeltaF/F-m' the ratio variable to maximal fluorescence (F,1F.), significant loss of symbiotic dinoflagellates and pronounced tissue retraction, causing the corals to pale or bleach. The significance of the results in relation to diuron contamination of the coastal marine environment from terrestrial sources (mainly agricultural) and marine sources (antifouling paints) are discussed.
Fast-growing chickens fed with lucerne protein-xanthophyll concentrate: growth performance, slaughter yield and bone quality.

Genetic progress in broiler chicken breeding increases the profitability of this branch of agricultural production on the one hand. On the other hand, imbalance and mis-synchronization in the growth of bird’s anatomical parts can be observed. This leads to development of many skeletal diseases and abnormalities (Dibner et al., 2007). The causes of bone disorders in broiler chickens are usually complex, but the problem can be alleviated by appropriate nutrition. Among various chicken feeds, soyabean meal is the major source of protein (Hammershøj and Steenfeldt, 2005). Due to the limitations imposed on genetically modified (GM) feeds, alternative sources of protein components supplied to feed are being searched. Lucerne protein concentrate (LPC) can ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of addition of lucerne protein-xanthophyll concentrate (LPC) on physicochemical, morphometric and strength characteristics of bone tissue as well as growth performance and selected slaughter parameters in broiler chickens. One hundred fifty broilers were assigned to three treatment groups, each group was replicated five times (10 birds in each). The control group (C) was fed a standard feed mixture without the experimental additive. The soyabean meal in the experimental diets was replaced with LPC in an amount of 1.5% (group 1.5% LPC) or 3.0% (group 3% LPC). In comparison with group C, the LPC doses increased chicken body weight on day 21 of rearing, reduced the mortality rate by 50%, increased pectoral muscle weight and reduced the content of abdominal fat by 42.5% and 51.5%, respectively. Addition of 3% of LPC increased the chilled carcass weight by 13.2% and slaughter yield by 2.98%, as compared with group C. The greatest length and the largest circumference of tibia and the highest values of the secondary moment of inertia (Ix) and mean relative wall thickness (MRWT) of femur and tibia were noted in the LPC-treated chickens. The obtained results indicate that the LPC supplementation enhanced bone mechanical strength resulting from the increase in the geometric parameters (Ix and MRWT) as well as the cortical layer thickness. The bones were characterized by higher flexibility and breaking strength. The increased content of Ca and Zn and the higher value of the bone density index indicate normal bone mineralization. Received: 18 November 2016 Revised: 30 March 2017 Accepted: 15 May 2017
An Exploration of the Predictors of Relationship Status with a Caveat on Interpretation

Using the Puerto Rican Maternal and Infant Health Study dataset (PRMIHS), the predictors of relationship status were examined via probit regression. The strongest predictors of relationship status found were interactions between binary variables for the age. A respondent first had sexual intercourse and for the age when a respondent first entered into a union (N = 1452). This paper concludes by arguing that the results provide support for viewing union status as being primarily dependent on the people involved in the union, as opposed to being primarily dependent on factors external to the people themselves.
Screening of onion cultivars for resistance and tolerance to Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla.

Pang, W. , S. L. Hafez, and P. Sundararaj. 2009. Screening of onion cultivars for resistance and tolerance to Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla. Nematropica 39:47-55. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate commercially grown onion cultivars for resistance and tolerance to Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla. Onion seedlings of cv. Tioga, Orizaba, Caveat, Citation, Vision, R10 Tinto, Sanfan, Sweet Sunrise, Nirvana, and Mercury were inoculated with female adults and juveniles of P. penetrans or second stage juveniles of M. hapla at four nematodes/cm3 soil, respectively. Eight weeks after inoculation plants were harvested and resistance and tolerance were evaluated based on nematode reproductive factor and the reduction in onion total plant dry weight. Cultivars Mercury, R10 Tinto, and Caveat were both tolerant and resistant to P. penetrans infection. Caveat has the best tolerance to P. penetrans. Mercury and R10 Tinto were both tolerant and resistant to M. hapla, and they were tolerant and resistant to both nematode species. Sanfan and Sweet Sunrise were susceptible to P. penetrans, whereas Tioga, Citation, and Vision were susceptible to M. hapla. No cultivar tested was susceptible to both nematode species. Cultivars with both tolerance and resistance can be used as a standard for future screening and are potential cultivars for nematode management in field production.
EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL INTEGRATION MODEL FOR HOSPITAL CARE DELIVERY

26 Manuscript . 27 Background . 28 Collaboration in Healthcare . 28 Barriers to Collaboration in Healthcare . 30 Theoretical Framework . 31 Clinical Integration Model for Interdisciplinary Collaboration . 33 Variables . 37 Research Design and Methods . 38 Research Questions . 38 Design . 38 Use of the Electronic Medical Record for research . 38 Sample. 39 Inclusion Criteria . 40 Recruitment/Setting . 41 Sample Size Justification . 41 Procedures . 42 Results. 43
MEASUREMENT OF THE HIGH ENERGY COMPONENT OF THE X-RAY SPECTRA INTHE VENUS ECR ION SOURCE

High performance electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, such as VENUS (Versatile ECR for Nuclear Science), produce large amounts of x-rays. By studying their energy spectra, conclusions can be drawn about the electron heating process and the electron confinement. In addition, the bremsstrahlung from the plasma chamber is partly absorbed by the cold mass of the superconducting magnet adding an extra heat load to the cryostat. Germanium or NaI detectors are generally used for x-ray measurements. Due to the high x-ray flux from the source, the experimental set-up to measure bremsstrahlung spectra from ECR ion sources is somewhat different than for the traditional nuclear physics measurements these detectors are generally used for. In particular the collimation and background shielding can be problematic. In this paper we will discuss the experimental set-up for such a measurement, the energy calibration and background reduction, the correction for detector efficiency, the shielding of the detector and collimation of the x-ray flux. We will present x-ray energy spectra and cryostat heating rates in dependence of various ion source parameters such as confinement fields, minimum B-field, rf power and heating frequency.
Parameters affecting warm-cool feeling in cotton denim fabrics

Received 9 June 2010; revised received and accepted 30 July 2010 Four greige cotton denim fabrics differing in weight per unit area have been subjected to five different finishing treatments. Physical and structural properties of these fabrics have been determined to assess their influence on warm-cool feeling to touch of the fabrics. It is observed that the lighter fabrics made of finer count yarns are cooler as compared to thicker fabrics. Higher pick density leads to an increase in q-max value and therefore the cool feeling. Washing treatments in general show a positive influence on cool feeling, while thickness, bulk density and cover factor show the reverse effect. q-max is found to be higher for fabrics with reduced geometric roughness or increased smoothness.
Experimental Reality of Geostrophic Adjustment

The rotating shallow water model (RSW) is probably the most pedagogical and useful model to understand geophysical fluid dynamics. Even if the RSW equations are based on drastic assumptions (hydrostatic balance, quasi-bidimensionality, weak dissipation) it is a surprisingly good model of many phenomena in the atmosphere and the ocean. Nevertheless, as far as laboratory experiments are concerned, one should keep in mind that the dynamics of a rotating and stratified fluid is given by the full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations at the final place. As it was shown in the chapter 1, the RSW equations can be derived from the primitive equations according to an asymptotic expansion which indeed remains valid for some restricted range of dynamical parameters. However, this derivation starts from the hydrostatic and nondissipative primitive equations (chapter 1), while both hydrostatic and dissipative effects could play a role in the laboratory. Hence, we recall in this Section the derivation of the RSW model from the Navier-Stokes equations. The main purpose is to understand here which dynamical processes are filtered out by the RSW model while they occur sometimes in real experiment. Moreover, we will try to specify the value of the dynamical parameters needed to be achieve in laboratory experiments in order to be close to the RSW dynamics.