Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relevance of animal neuropathy models for chronic pain in humans

There are currently more than 30 animal models for neuropathic pain. These models are characterized by specific combinations of anomalous nocifensive behavior which suggest the presence of spontaneous pain and abnormal responses to noxious and non-noxious stimuli. Similar disorders are seen in comparable neuropathic pain syndromes. Studies based on these preparations have advanced our understanding of human pain syndromes, and have played a seminal role in several profound conceptual shifts this field has seen in recent decades. These models enable us now to develop better and more specific therapies for neuropathic pain. Especially important is the exciting new research on the prevention of neuropathic pain, which will hopefully lead to diminished prevalence of these ‘pain diseases’ and reduction of their severity.
Epidemiologic Study of Fatal and Non-Fatal Poisoning Case in Pediatric, Around Jamnagar Region, Gujarat in India (January-December 2013)

Background : In spite of successful interventions and safety measures to prevent accidental poisoning in pediatric population, it contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality. Methods: This Retrospective study comprising of 204 cases of poisoning was conducted during the period of a year, from 1 st January 2013- 31 st Dec 2013 at Forensic Medicine Department, Shri M. P. Shah Govt. College, Guru Gobindsinh Govt. hospital (GGG) Jamnagar. Results: The incidence of poisoning was more in age group of 2-3 year. Majority of victims were male as compared to females. The most common place of incidence of poisoning was home followed by playground. Most common route of poisoning was oral followed by poisonous animal bites and sting. All poisoning cases were accidental in nature. No suicidal or homicidal case was found in our study. Poisoning cases were more common in the months of April and October than in the rest of the months. The most common agent involved in pediatric poisoning was kerosene. Conclusion: Based on observation most of the cases were accidental poisoning in young children so precaution like proper storage and proper disposal of chemicals and parental awareness regarding these issues could sufficiently reduce the prevalence of poisoning among children.
Data representation and algorithms for biomedical informatics applications

Biomedical informatics is an emerging field at the intersection of computer science, biology, and medicine. The types of problems encountered in biomedical informatics are not new to computer science. These include representation of data, natural language processing, cluster analysis, and algorithm optimization. However, recently they have become far more important to the life sciences. This is a direct result of major technological advances in the biological sciences and medical research. New DNA sequencing tools can decode the entire genome of an organism, generating gigabytes of data that must be analyzed. Web portals provide physicians a means to communicate with each other, but the algorithms that push content to users must be fast and flexible enough to support the many roles a doctor might have. Digital libraries give scientists instant online access to thousands of journals, but advanced search techniques are required or else users can be swamped with information. This thesis explores five challenging computer science problems that all have applications in biomedical informatics: (1) performing efficient joins on set-valued data fields, (2) automatically assigning summary keywords to text-based documents, (3) using natural language processing to generate human-like dialog, (4) quickly finding the Hamming distance between sequences, and (5) improving stochastic hill-climbing algorithms for phylogenetic tree reconstruction by representing the data as an ordering of taxa.
An alternative design for a sparse distributed memory

A new design for a Sparse Distributed Memory, called the selected-coordinate design, is described. As in the original design, there are a large number of memory locations, each of which may be activated by many different addresses (binary vectors) in a very large address space. Each memory location is defined by specifying ten selected coordinates (bit positions in the address vectors) and a set of corresponding assigned values, consisting of one bit for each selected coordinate. A memory location is activated by an address if, for all ten of the locations's selected coordinates, the corresponding bits in the address vector match the respective assigned value bits, regardless of the other bits in the address vector. Some comparative memory capacity and signal-to-noise ratio estimates for the both the new and original designs are given. A few possible hardware embodiments of the new design are described.
Improving health, connecting people : the role of ICTs in the health sector of developing countries - a framework paper

This framework paper is aimed at policy makers who are involved in the development or management of programs in the health sector in developing countries. It provides a 'snapshot' of the type of information and communication technology (ICT) interventions that are being used in the health sector, and the policy debates around ICTs and health. It draws from the experience of use in both the North and South, but with a focus on applicability in the South to identify the most effective and relevant uses of ICTs. The paper describes the major constraints and challenges faced in using ICTs effectively in the health sector of developing countries. It draws out good practice for using ICTs in the health sector, identifies major players and stakeholders and highlights priority needs and issues of relevance to policy makers. The paper also looks at emerging trends in technologies that are likely to shape ICT use in the health sector and identifies gaps in knowledge.
Review Article: Experimental Chemical Carcinogenesis in Fish

Tracie Eileen Bunton received a DVM degree from Michigan State University in 1977. After practicing small animal medicine for a year, she completed a combined Comparative Pathology residency/Ph.D. program in 1982 at the University of California at Davis. Her residency training included 3 yr at the California Regional Primate Research Center and, for her thesis, she studied the effects of glucocorticosteroids on lung development in the fetal rhesus macaque. Dr. Bunton spent 1982-1984 as an Assistant Professor at Michigan State University, becoming a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists in 1983. In 1984 she joined the faculty of the Division of Comparative Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where she is now an Associate Professor, with adjunct faculty positions in the Department of Pathology and the Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine. Dr. Bunton's primary research interest is on mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis in fish related to environmental contamination and on the development of alternative models.
'Winning at all Costs' in Modern Sport: Reflections on Pride and Humility in the Writings of C.S. Lewis

Research at York St John (RaY) is an institutional repository. It supports the principles of open access by making the research outputs of the University available in digital form. Copyright of the items stored in RaY reside with the authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full text items free of charge, and may download a copy for private study or non-commercial research. For further reuse terms, see licence terms governing individual outputs. Institutional Repository Policy Statement
A Study of the Position of Discourse Markers: Focusing on the Texts Whose Target Audience Was Intermediate Non-native Speakers of English

As an international language, English has become more and more important for nonnative speakers. Therefore, writers ought to consider the needs of non-native speakers, i.e. write English in a way that can be understood quite well by non-native audience. In this paper, we investigate the position of six discourse markers within the texts whose target audience was intermediate non-native speakers of English. The six discourse markers are: because and since, which represent “reason” relation; if and when, which represent “condition” relation; although and while, which represent “concession” / “contrast” relation. First, we created a corpus (200, 000 words) containing the texts (domain: natural and pure science) whose target audience was intermediate non-native speakers. We selected 1072 examples of the six discourse markers from the corpus, and annotated them. Second, a machine learning program C4.5 was applied to induce the classification models of the position of the discourse markers. And then we used Support Vector Machine (SVM) to verify the experiment results of C4.5. To our knowledge, this study is the first one on exploring the position of discourse markers within the texts whose target audience was intermediate non-native speakers. The experiment results can be applied to text generation and homepage creation for intermediate non-native speakers of English.
Kendini Bilme ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmanin amaci, kendini bilme ile psikolojik iyi olus arasindaki iliskiyi ve kendini bilme ile psikolojik iyi olus kavramlarinin algilanan ebeveyn tutumlari degiskenine gore farklilasma durumunu incelemektir. Arastirmanin sonuclari kendini bilme ile psikolojik iyi olusun pozitif iliskili oldugunu gostermistir. Basit regresyon analizi sonuclarina gore kendini bilmenin psikolojik iyi olusu ve cevresel hakimiyet, oz kabul, bireysel gelisim, yasam amaci, digerleriyle olumlu iliskiler ve ozerklik boyutlarini anlamli bir sekilde pozitif yonde yordadigi bulunmustur. Coklu regresyon analizi sonuclarina gore psikolojik iyi olusun tum boyutlarini iceren son modelde, standartlastirilmis beta katsayilarinin kendini bilmeyi yordamasindaki goreli onem siralarina gore cevresel hakimiyet, oz kabul, yasam amaclari ve ozerklik alt boyutlarinin kendini bilmeyi anlamli bir sekilde yordadigi gorulmustur. Bireysel gelisim ve olumlu iliskiler boyutlarinin ise oz bilginin anlamli bir yordayicisi olmadigi gorulmustur. Ogretmen adaylarinin kendini bilme ve psikolojik iyi olus duzeylerinin ebeveyn tutumlarina gore farklilastigi bulunmustur. Kendini bilmenin bireylerin daha islevsel bir hayat yasamasina yardimci olabilecegi soylenebilir.
A theoretical model for the dependency of heart rate on gradual vagal blockade by atropine

A mathematical model for the dependence of heart rate (HR) on atropine (AT) dose was devised, based on the IPFM (integral pulse frequency modulation) process as well as on other physiological and pharmacological assumptions. The model leads to two equations, which predict, as a function of AT dose, exact values for mean HR and for the power of HR fluctuations at respiratory frequency (HF/sub P/). ECG data from an experimental procedure was used to test the validity of our model. A remarkable agreement between theory and experiment was observed Moreover, the computed values of the pharmacodynamic parameters, which were defined by the model, displayed a surprisingly small variance among the different subjects. These findings suggest that these parameters might be a basis for a quantitative classification method for cardiovascular control, expressing specific heart or brain diseases.
Culture and Media: A Dynamic Constitution

Like any other scientific endeavor, cultural psychology, in its diverse manifestations, has been molded into an epistemological frame of reference, which has been unfolding for the last 2,500 years. However, it should be among the main methodological issues of any field concerned with culture to make this frame visible and to assess its impact on the discipline's theory and research practice. We believe media theory to hold a particular potential for this self-reflexive process. Despite its strong epistemological relation to many of the socio-genetic and socio-cultural concepts conveyed in this journal, media theory has gone largely, and surprisingly, unnoticed. In this paper, we recall media theory's main tenets and unfold them in an illustrative reflection on the co-evolution of writing systems and mentalities. While so doing, some of the theoretical and methodological formats inherited by Western science, and thus also by psychology, emerge: its strong tendency towards abstraction, unilinear causal chains and the separation of subject and object, among others.
Acanthosis nigricans as skin manifestation of polycystic ovariessyndrome in primary infertile females

Objective: The present work is to record the frequency of Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) among patients with Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS), and to observe the frequency of PCOS among patients with AN. and to study the association between AN & PCOS Materials and methods: The present study consisted of two groups of patients; the first group included thirty-two primary infertile females. Their ages ranged from 18-33 years with a mean ± SD of 25.8 ± 7.2. The second group included twenty unmarried females with benign AN. Their ages ranged from 16-48 years with a mean ± SD of 18.55±3.73. 15 (75%). All patients are assessed by clinical examination, sonar and hormonal profile. The diagnosis of AN is mainly clinical by observation of hyperpigmented verrucous plagues with a velvety texture symmetrically distributed in the intertriginous areas and oral and anogenital mucosa. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Results: The first group with primary infertility and PCOS. had AN. In 68.75%, while the second unmarried group who are complaining from AN. Showed the features of PCOS. in 75% of patients Conclusion: This study showed a close association between PCOS and AN. So AN should be considered as an important skin marker and major feature of PCOS Key word: Acanthosis Nigricans, Polycytic Ovaries Syndrome, Primary Infertility
Treatment services for people with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems.

copy from article) Include full abstract Type of literature (e.g., journal article, report, etc.) Provide brief description of type Methods (Research methods employed) Lift key sentences from article from methods section to capture methods Context: The pre-existing characteristics of the individuals, localities, situations, or systems of interpersonal and social relationships in which an intervention is being set up. Most likely found in the background or methods section, describing the population and setting. Examples of types of information to include: » Urban/rural » Type of health system » Service availability » Geopolitical » Individual demographics » Diagnosis The four I’s (context levels) » Individual » Interpersonal » Institutional » Infrastructure Mechanism: Intervention – what was introduced into the context by the study? Cut and paste the section of the article describing the intervention. Examples of types of information to include: » Treatment category (e.g., behavioral, medication, alternative) » Treatment intensity » Treatment duration » Provider type » Referral sources Appendix 4: Data Extraction template www.hrb. ie 60
Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Key Points Question Do mendelian randomization data show that an association exists between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes? Findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis of nearly 1 million participants, obesity was associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease but not with stroke. Meaning Obesity may increase the risk of subsequent diabetes and may contribute to cardiovascular outcomes and should thus remain a major focus of public health initiatives.
Perbedaan Nilai Status Kesehatan Gingiva Antara Prapubertas Di SD Dengan Pubertas Di SMP Ta’mirul Islam Surakarta

Latar Belakang: Tahap pubertas terdiri dari prapubertas, pubertas, dan pascapubertas. Pubertas adalah tahap matang yang terjadi antara masa kanak-kanak dan masa remaja dengan ciri seks primer mulai muncul, yaitu menstruasi pada perempuan dan mimpi basah pada laki-laki. Prapubertas adalah periode sekitar 2 tahun sebelum pubertas ketika anak pertama kali mengalami perubahan fisik yang menandakan kematangan seksual dengan ciri seks sekunder mulai muncul. Usia pubertas mengalami aktivasi sistem hipotalamus-hipofisis-gonad yang menyebabkan peningkatan hormon testosteron pada laki-laki dan hormon estrogen, progesteron pada perempuan. Peningkatan kadar hormon endokrin selama usia pubertas dapat menyebabkan vasodilatasi sehingga sirkulasi darah meningkat pada jaringan gingiva yang mengakibatkan gingivitis pubertas. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian inferensial observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional jumlah total sampel sebanyak 30 prapubertas dan 30 pubertas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai April 2014 di SD dan SMP Ta’mirul Islam Surakarta, dengan memeriksa keadaan rongga mulut meliputi derajat keasaman, debris, plak dan kalkulus, khususnya memriksa derajat radang gingiva menggunakan Gingival Index (GI). Hasil: Data dianalisis dengan Mann Whitney-U didapatkan nilai probabilitas 0.000 (p<0.05) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai status kesehatan gingiva (skor GI) siswa prapubertas dan pubertas. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai status kesehatan gingiva antara prapubertas di SD Ta’mirul Islam Surakarta dengan pubertas di SMP Ta’mirul Islam Surakarta.
Protection Myopia: Managerial Views Towards Intellectual Property And The Implications For Innovative Performance

The strategies firms use to protect their intellectual property and knowledge can strongly influence their ability to capture the benefits of their innovative efforts. Using the attention-based theory, we explore positive and negative sides of legal appropriability. While asserting the benefits from having an orientation towards legal appropriability, we conjecture that protection myopia may lead some firms to allocate too much attention to legal appropriability, in particular when the behavioral and structural contingencies are unfavorable. Examining a panel of three successive waves of a large-scale survey data of UK manufacturing firms, we find that an orientation towards legal appropriability is curvilinearly (taking an inverted U-shape) related to innovative performance. However, this effect is only present when the firms? product innovations are radical or when they are involved in significant product improvements, and/or when their industries are low-tech.
Small size at birth as a predictor of increased risk of childhood morbidity, mortality and malnutrition: Evidence from Bangladesh demographic and health survey

Received 06.08. 2018 Revised 10.12.2018 Accepted 10.16. 2018 Background & Aim: Physical size or weight at birth of an infant is an important biomarker of current and future health and development of the infant. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of small size at birth – a proxy indicator of low birth weight on childhood mortality, morbidity and malnutrition in Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: The data for the study come from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 4,897 live births with information on size at birth as reported by their mothers were included in the analysis. Both descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques were used for data analysis Results: One in every five live births (20%) was reported to be small in size in Bangladesh. Children born with small size at birth have some distinct characteristics than average size babies. Significantly higher incidence of malnutrition, mortality and morbidity were found among small size babies compared to average size babies. The multivariate analysis identified small size at birth as a significant predictor of childhood malnutrition, mortality and morbidity from diarrhea. Small size infants had 1.6 to 2.2 times higher risk of stunting, wasting or underweight, 1.6 times higher risk of diarrhea and 2.4 times higher risk of death during neonatal period than average size infants. Conclusion: Health education to parents and special care for small size babies through trained health workers need to be undertaken for improving the health of small size babies. At the same time, appropriate policy should be taken to reduce the incidence of small size babies.
State of the Journal

In 2006 the “State of the Journal” editorial was introduced by Dr. Mary Corcoran (editor of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy [AJOT], 2003–2008) to review the type and quality of scholarship published in the journal during the previous year. In an effort to assess whether AJOT is meeting the challenges set forth by the Centennial Vision of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA; 2007), AJOT will continue to be similarly evaluated in “State of the Journal” editorials. The Centennial Vision has challenged the profession to produce research that demonstrates the effectiveness of occupational therapy in six broad practice areas: (a) children and youth; (b) productive aging; (c) mental health; (d) health and wellness; (e) work and industry; and (f) rehabilitation, disability, and participation. Additionally, scholars have urged occupational therapy researchers to produce the types of research that are of highest value to society and the profession: (a) effectiveness studies demonstrating support for practice, (b) instrumenttesting studies establishing reliability and validity of occupational therapy assessments, (c) correlational and descriptive studies demonstrating the link between occupational engagement and health, and (d) studies that answer important topical questions regarding the direction of the profession’s growth (Case-Smith & Powell, 2008; Holm 2000; Kielhofner, Hammel, Finlayson, Helfrich, & Taylor, 2004). Also, basic research studies that yield information about disabilities and their impact on functional participation are important to implement when no similar research exists. However, the priority of basic research in occupational therapy is to produce knowledge that is needed to develop clinical guidelines that can eventually be assessed for effectiveness (Mosey, 1996). In addition to consideration of practice area and type of research, the quality of research design must also be evaluated by the profession. Examining the level of evidence refers to an evaluation of the rigor of research designs used to generate support for specific interventions (Greenhalgh, 1997; Holm, 2000; Law, 2002; Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Haynes, & Richardson, 1996). Several classification systems that rate levels of evidence exist. This analysis uses the rating system outlined by AOTA’s Evidence-Based Literature Review Project (Lieberman & Scheer, 2002; see Table 1), based on Law (2002), in which the most rigorous research design; Level I involves systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Level II studies do not involve randomization but do use two-group pretest–posttest designs in which control is present (e.g., cohort designs, case control studies). Level III designs use neither randomization nor control but use a one-group pretest–posttest design. Level IV evidence is reserved for single-subject designs, descriptive studies, case series, and case reports. Level V evidence involves only expert opinion and is not based on systematic research methods.