Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Head and Neck: CT and MR Imaging Findings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is uncommon in the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to investigate CT and MR imaging features of 13 cases of MFH of this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two head and neck radiologists, in consensus, retrospectively reviewed CT (n = 11) and MR (n = 9) images in 13 patients (9 men and 4 women; mean age, 45 years) with histologically proved MFH of the head and neck, paying attention to the location and extent, size, margin, internal architecture, and pattern and degree of enhancement of the lesion. We also investigated if there were any differences in signal-intensity characteristics on MR images, according to different histologic subtypes. RESULTS: All lesions were seen as well-defined (n = 2) or ill-defined (n = 11), aggressive masses with a mean size of 4.9 cm. The tumors were primarily located in the sinonasal cavity in 6, the soft tissue of the face and neck in 5, the oral cavity in 1, and the orbital roof in 1. One lesion arose in the bones with background fibrous dysplasia. Twelve lesions invaded the adjacent soft tissues, and bone destruction was seen in 11 lesions. The attenuation, signal intensity, and enhancement pattern of the lesions were nonspecific except for those of myxoid MFH. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, MFH of the head and neck is an aggressive tumor that arises most commonly in the sinonasal tract and is frequently associated with soft-tissue invasion and bone destruction on CT and MR images.
Conceiving the Past and Future

The authors compared people's views of their histories and futures by asking them to recall and anticipate personally significant episodes. It was hypothesized and found in Study 1 that individuals spontaneously recall an affectively mixed past, containing both “highs” and “lows,” whereas they anticipate homogeneously ideal futures. It was further hypothesized that people devote little thought to negative futures, and this was tested directly in Studies 2 and 3 by assessing how quickly past and likely future events came to mind. Asked to report positive and negative episodes from the past and future, participants took longer to generate future negative than positive events. Speed of recall was unaffected by the valence of past episodes. In Study 4, the response latency difference was again replicated for future events and it was demonstrated that people are slower in both generating negative future events and judging those events as likely.
Sleep-related hyperkinetic seizures of temporal lobe origin

Sleep-related hyperkinetic seizures are a common feature of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Although sleep-related seizures with a temporal lobe origin have been reported, they commonly lack hyperkinetic activity. The authors describe three patients with sleep-related seizures characterized by frenetic, agitated, hyperactive movements (bimanual/bipedal activity, rocking, axial, pelvic, and hemiballistic movements), in whom stereo-EEG investigation and surgical outcome demonstrated a temporal lobe origin of the attacks.
The Determinants of Distribution of the National Income

IN THE PRESENT PAPER we try to investigate both statistically and analytically the problem of the relative share of manual labour in the national income. There are two reasons why we do not consider the total share of labour, although it would be more interesting from the social point of view: (1) The statistics of national income include in the salaries the incomes of directors, managers, etc., which should rather be placed under the heading of profits. In this way what statistics give as the total share of labour does not represent correctly the distribution of the product of industry between profits and interest on the one hand, and wages and salaries on the other. (2) The relative share of manual labour in the national income is more suitable for theoretical
Common Copy Number Variation Detection From Multiple Sequenced Samples

Common copy number variations (CNVs) are small regions of genomic variations at the same loci across multiple samples, which can be detected with high resolution from next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique. Multiple sequencing data samples are often available from genomic studies; examples include sequences from multiple platforms and sequences from multiple individuals. By integrating complementary information from multiple data samples, detection power can be potentially improved. However, most of current CNV detection methods often process an individual sequence sample, or two samples in an abnormal versus matched normal study; researches on detecting common CNVs across multiple samples have been very limited but are much needed. In this paper, we propose a novel method to detect common CNVs from multiple sequencing samples by exploiting the concurrency of genomic variations in read depth signals derived from multiple NGS data. We use a penalized sparse regression model to fit multiple read depth profiles, based on which common CNV identification is formulated as a change-point detection problem. Finally, we validate the proposed method on both simulation and real data, showing that it can give both higher detection power and better break point estimation over several published CNV detection methods.
Genetic characterization of compensatory evolution in strains carrying rpoB Ser531Leu, the rifampicin resistance mutation most frequently found in clinical isolates.

OBJECTIVES The evolution of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major threat to effective tuberculosis therapy. Much is known about the initial emergence of rifampicin resistance, but the further evolution of these resistant strains has only lately been subject to investigation. Although resistance can be caused by many different mutations in rpoB, among clinical M. tuberculosis isolates the mutation rpoB S531L is overwhelmingly the most frequently found. Clinical isolates with rpoB S531L frequently carry additional mutations in genes for RNA polymerase subunits, and it has been speculated that these are fitness-compensatory mutations, ameliorating the fitness cost of the primary resistance mutation. We tested this hypothesis using Salmonella as a model organism. METHODS We created the rpoB S531L mutation in Salmonella and then evolved independent lineages with selection for mutants with increased relative fitness. Relative fitness associated with putative compensatory mutations was measured after genetic reconstruction in isogenic strains. RESULTS Compensatory mutations were identified in genes coding for different subunits of RNA polymerase: rpoA, rpoB and rpoC. Genetic reconstructions demonstrated that each of these secondary mutations reduced the fitness cost of the rpoB S531L resistance mutation. CONCLUSIONS The compensatory mutations identified in Salmonella cluster in similar locations to the additional mutations found in M. tuberculosis isolates. These new data strongly support the idea that many of the previously identified rpoA, rpoB and rpoC mutations in rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis (rpoB S531L) are indeed fitness-compensatory mutations.
Application possibilities of fiber-optic telecommunication links' components for beamforming systems of broadband antenna arrays

The present paper concerns the possibility of using components of telecommunication fiber-optic links implementing Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology to build the beamforming systems for broadband receiving phased array antennas. The paper presents the results of experimental study of the characteristics of the fiber-optic microwave signals' transmission link model, composed of components available in the market. The obtained estimation of the model's main parameters, i.e. transfer coefficient, the transfer characteristic, compression point, dynamic range, harmonic distortions, noise level, are given.
Principles for a Successful Computerized Physician Order Entry Implementation

To identify success factors for implementing computerized physician order entry (CPOE), our research team took both a top-down and bottom-up approach and reconciled the results to develop twelve overarching principles to guide implementation. A consensus panel of experts produced ten Considerations with nearly 150 sub-considerations, and a three year project using qualitative methods at multiple successful sites for a grounded theory approach yielded ten general themes with 24 sub-themes. After reconciliation using a meta-matrix approach, twelve Principles, which cluster into groups forming the mnemonic CPOE emerged. Computer technology principles include: temporal concerns; technology and meeting information needs; multidimensional integration; and costs. Personal principles are: value to users and tradeoffs; essential people; and training and support. Organizational principles include: foundational underpinnings; collaborative project management; terms, concepts and connotations; and improvement through evaluation and learning. Finally, Environmental issues include the motivation and context for implementing such systems.
Framing the Sustainability Dialogue in Research

Abstract In this article, we revisit the key aspects that bring in the “sustainability” factor in research by discussing views and experiences on the human interactions and sociotechnical and socioeconomic dimensions of research in relation to the promotion of sustainable development. Real-life issues and their inherent complexities seldom match the traditional disciplinary approaches in applied scientific and technological research designed to study a specific problem and provide solutions to it. The concept of “sustainability” in an applied sciences context is a policy- and action-oriented multidimensional one involving economic security, social well-being, and environmental quality. For these reasons, academic researchers collaborating extensively in multidisciplinary research and projects have to respond to the specific requirements of an issue, if well-thought and adapted solutions have to be developed. This article addresses the salient components connecting research and sustainability in a fresh and holistic manner.
In Vivo Extracellular Recording of Striatal Neurons in the Awake Rat Following Unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesions

The purpose of this study was to further understand the functional effects of dopaminergic input to the dorsal striatum and to compare the effects of dopaminergic lesions in awake and anesthetized animals. We examined the effects of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the ascending dopaminergic bundle on the firing properties of dorsal striatal neurons in the awake freely moving rat using chronically implanted microwire electrode arrays. We recorded extracellular activity of striatal neurons under baseline conditions and following the systemic injection of apomorphine in awake and anesthetized subjects. Firing rates were higher in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the 6-OHDA lesion compared to rates of neurons from the contralateral unlesioned hemisphere. Striatal firing rates from sham and no-surgery control rats were, in general, higher than those from the contralateral unlesioned striatum of experimental subjects. Apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg, sc) normalized the differences in firing rates in lesioned animals by increasing firing of neurons within the contralateral unlesioned side, while simultaneously decreasing firing of neurons within the ipsilateral lesioned side. Mean firing rates were substantially higher in awake animals than in subjects anesthetized with chloral hydrate, perhaps reflecting anesthesia-induced decreases in excitatory input to striatal neurons. Chloral hydrate anesthesia decreased firing rates of neurons in the lesioned, unlesioned, and control striata to a similar degree, although absolute firing rates of neurons from the 6-OHDA-lesioned striata remained elevated over all other groups. Unilateral 6-OHDA lesions also altered the pattern of spike output in the awake animal as indicated by an increase in the number of bursts per minute following dopaminergic deafferentation. This and other burst parameters were altered by apomorphine. Our findings show that effects of dopaminergic deafferentation can be measured in the awake behaving animal; this model should prove useful for testing the behavioral and functional effects of experimental manipulations designed to reduce or reverse the effects of dopaminergic cell loss. In addition, these results suggest that the contralateral changes in striatal function which occur in the unilateral dopaminergic lesion model should be considered when evaluating experimental results.
Labor Market Networks and Recovery from Mass Layoffs: Evidence from the Great Recession Period

We measure the impact of labor market referral networks defined by residential neighborhoods on re-employment following mass layoffs. Because networks can only be effective when hiring is occurring, we focus on a measure of the strength of the labor market network that includes not only the number of employed neighbors of a laid off worker, but also the gross hiring rate at that person’s neighbors’ workplaces, as network theory suggests that employed neighbors in a network serve to increase the probability that, for any given job opening, an unemployed job searcher will be hired into that vacancy. We find some evidence that local labor market networks are linked to re-employment following mass layoffs for lower-earning workers, but our strongest evidence shows that networks serve to markedly increase the probability of re-employment specifically at neighbors’ employers, both conditional and unconditional on re-employment itself. This finding is consistent with the specific role that networks play in reducing frictions in the transmission of information in hiring. Moreover, additional evidence provides confirmation of a network interpretation of this evidence: jobs found at neighbors’ employers lead to more persistent employment, higher earnings, and higher tenure. Finally, although overall employment and gross hiring both declined markedly during the Great Recession, we find little evidence of changes during this period in the productivity of networks in helping displaced workers find new jobs.
Financial liberalization and emerging stock market efficiency: an empirical analysis of structural changes

This article aims to determine the impact of financial liberalization on the informational efficiency in emerging stock markets. For this purpose, we estimate a time-varying parameter model combined with structural change technique for 13 emerging economies from January 1986 to December 2008. Empirical results show a greater efficiency in recent years. They also show that the structural breaks detected in the emerging market predictability indices coincide with the official liberalization dates, and with their alternative events. These findings corroborate those of the related literature regarding how emerging markets react to the adoption of the financial liberalization process.
Full sensitivity of P2times2 purinoceptor to ATP revealed by changing extracellular pH

A full pharmacological characterization was carried out on a recombinant ATP‐gated ion channel (P2times2 purinoceptor) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. This slowly‐desensitizing neuronal P2times2 purinoceptor, activated by ATP (EC50 = 4.6 ± 1 μm at pH 7.4; n 4), showed the agonist potency order: ATP ≥ 2‐ MeSATP = ATPγS ≥ ATPαS < < Bz‐ATP. The receptor affinity for ATP was enhanced 5–10 fold by acidifying the bathing solution (to pH 6.5) but was diminished 4–5 fold in an alkaline solution (pH 8.0). The maximum activity of P2times2 purinoceptors and the activity order of a series of nucleotides were unaltered by changing extracellular pH. Interestingly, ATP sensitivity at a recombinant P2Y1, purinoceptor remained unaltered with changing extracellular pH. These results indicate that acidotic conditions in the synaptic cleft could strengthen purinergic transmission at neuronal P2times2 purinoceptors.
Conventional and Organic Farming — Does Organic Farming Benefit Plant Composition, Phenolic Diversity and Antioxidant Properties?

The growing demanding from consumers for healthier foods, produced using environmentally friendly farming practices has resulted in the rapid expansion of organic farming. There are numerous studies about the importance of organic farming but the majority of the results are sometimes contradictory, inconsistent and show no clear link between organic farming practices and enhancement of the nutritional quality of plant-derived foods. As such, ongoing research into the effects of organic farming and cultivation practices in comparison with intensive farming, is very important. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the most recent data and variation in the responses of plants to farming regimes in order to better understand the relationship between agricultural practices and high levels of valuable compounds (glucosinolates, phenolics, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants), as well as low levels of undesirable components such as nitrates, nitrites and microorganisms.
Introduction to Services and Employment: Explaining the U.S.-European Gap

Why is Europe's employment rate almost 10 percent lower than that of the United States? This "jobs gap" has typically been blamed on the rigidity of European labor markets. But in Services and Employment , an international group of leading labor economists suggests quite a different explanation. Drawing on the findings of a two-year research project that examined data from France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, these economists argue that Europe's 25 million "missing" jobs can be attributed almost entirely to its relative lack of service jobs. The jobs gap is actually a services gap. But, Services and Employment asks, why does the United States consume services at such a greater rate than Europe? Services and Employment is the first systematic and comprehensive international comparison on the subject. Mary Gregory, Wiemer Salverda, Ronald Schettkat, and their fellow contributors consider the possible role played by differences in how certain services--particularly health care and education--are provided in Europe and the United States. They examine arguments that Americans consume more services because of their higher incomes and that American households outsource more domestic work. The contributors also ask whether differences between U.S. and European service sectors encapsulate fundamental trans-Atlantic differences in lifestyle choices. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Victor Fuchs, William Baumol, Giovanni Russo, Adriaan Kalwij, Stephen Machin, Andrew Glyn, Joachin Moller, John Schmitt, Michel Sollogoub, Robert Gordon, and Richard Freeman.
THE EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE DEPLETION ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE RESPONSE IN HYPERTENSION.

A number of investigators have presented evidence to show that a diet poor in sodium may lower the blood pressure of hypertensive patients (1-7). Others have concluded that the blood pressure changes observed in association with sodium restriction are fortuitous (8-13). Recently Perera (6) has shown a small but significant decrease in the early morning blood pressure of a group of hospitalized hypertensive patients in response to a low sodium intake. In his patients the fall in blood pressure was not accompanied by a change in plasma volume, cardiac output, or serum sodium concentration. In view of the conflicting evidence, it seemed worthwhile to learn first whether more rigid salt deprivation could produce more definite changes in the daily random blood pressure than those previously reported; and second, to define, if possible, the physiologic mechanism concerned in the changes associated with drastic shifts in the sodium balance. It was thought that information on the latter problem could be obtained by observing the effects of changes in salt balance not only on the random blood pressure, but also on the response of the blood pressure to the tetraethylammonium ion. Since it has been shown that this drug blocks the transmission of impulses by the autonomic ganglia (14, 15), it should be possible to evaluate the relative r6les of neurogenic and humoral tone in the maintenance of the blood pressure (16-20).
Practicality versus idealism for curbing predatory publishing: a reply to Teixeira da Silva

1 Center for Taxonomy of Aquatic Animals, Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi, Kerala 682506, India 2 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), G1 Block, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India 3 Founder & Chief Editor, Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 96 Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India 1,2,3 Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 96 Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India 1 rajeev@zooreach.org, 2 n.dahanukar@iiserpune.ac. in, 3 sanjay@zooreach.org
Image-Based Concrete Crack Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network and Exhaustive Search Technique

Crack detection is important for the inspection and evaluation during the maintenance of concrete structures. However, conventional image-based methods need extract crack features using complex image preprocessing techniques, so it can lead to challenges when concrete surface contains various types of noise due to extensively varying real-world situations such as thin cracks, rough surface, shadows, etc. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes an image-based crack detection method using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). A CNN is designed through modifying AlexNet and then trained and validated using a built database with 60000 images. Through comparing validation accuracy under different base learning rates, 0.01 was chosen as the best base learning rate with the highest validation accuracy of 99.06%, and its training result is used in the following testing process. The robustness and adaptability of the trained CNN are tested on 205 images with 3120 × 4160 pixel resolutions which were not used for training and validation. The trained CNN is integrated into a smartphone application to mobile more public to detect cracks in practice. The results confirm that the proposed method can indeed detect cracks in images from real concrete surfaces.
Survival of a national cohort of hepatitis C virus infected patients, 16 years after exposure

The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of HCV after 16 years of infection, in a cohort of individuals who acquired their infections on a known date in the United Kingdom. A total of 924 HCV-infected transfusion recipients (cases) and 475 anti-HCV negative transfusion recipients (controls) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Survival was compared between cases and controls to see if there was any excess mortality attributable to HCV. The results show that all-cause mortality was not significantly different between cases and controls (hazard ratio 1·17, 95% CI 0·92–1·49, P=0·21). However, the risk of death directly from liver disease was higher in cases than controls (hazard ratio 2·71, 95% CI 1·09–6·75, P=0·03). Nearly 30% of those HCV-infected cases who died directly from liver disease were known to have consumed excess alcohol.