Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poor Outcomes Among Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Higher Risk for Undiagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the LOTT Cohort.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Evaluate consequences of intermediate to high risk of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Using data from the Long Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), we assessed OSA risk at study entry among patients with COPD. We compared outcomes among those at intermediate to high risk (modified STOP-BANG score ≥ 3) relative to low risk (score < 3) for OSA. We compared risk of mortality or first hospitalization with proportional hazard models, and incidence of COPD exacerbations using negative binomial regression. We adjusted analyses for demographics, body mass index, and comorbidities. Last, we compared St. George Respiratory Questionnaire and Quality of Well-Being Scale results between OSA risk groups. RESULTS Of the 222 participants studied, 164 (74%) were at intermediate to high risk for OSA based on the modified STOP-BANG score. Relative to the 58 low-risk individuals, the adjusted hazard ratio of mortality or first hospitalization was 1.61 (95% confidence interval 1.01-2.58) for those at intermediate to high risk of OSA. Risk for OSA was also associated with increased frequency of COPD exacerbations (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.89). Respiratory symptoms by St. George Respiratory Questionnaire were 5.5 points greater (P = .05), and Quality of Well-Being Scale scores were . 05 points lower (P < .01) among those at intermediate to high risk for OSA, indicating more severe respiratory symptoms and lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with COPD, greater risk for undiagnosed OSA is associated with poor outcomes. Increased recognition and management of OSA in this group could improve outcomes.
Justice reactions to deviant ingroup members: Ingroup identity threat motivates utilitarian punishments

To maintain a positive overall view of their group, people judge likeable ingroup members more favourably and deviant ingroup members more harshly than comparable outgroup members. Research suggests that such derogation of deviant ingroup members aims to restore the image of the group by symbolically excluding so‐called ‘black sheeps’. We hypothesized that information about a harm‐doer's group membership influences observers’ justice‐seeking reactions. Motives for punishment vary based on whether the goal is to punish past harm‐doing (i.e., retributive motives), help harm‐doers recognize the harm inflicted and reintegrate into society (i.e., restorative motives), or control harm‐doer's future behaviour through incapacitating practices and exclusion from society (i.e., utilitarian motives). We hypothesized that immoral behaviours by ingroup rather than outgroup members jeopardize the group's reputation and therefore activate utilitarian (i.e., exclusion‐oriented) motives for punishment. Study 1 (N = 187) confirmed that people displayed more utilitarian motives and less restorative motives when sanctioning an ingroup as opposed to an outgroup harm‐doer. Study 2 (N = 122) manipulated typicality to the ingroup. Participants displayed stronger utilitarian (i.e., exclusion‐oriented) punishment motives when the harm‐doer was presented as a typical ingroup rather than an outgroup member. Study 3 (N = 292) replicated the findings of Studies 1 and 2 and further showed that people displayed stronger utilitarian punishments against an ingroup offender through the experience of increased identity threat. Contrary to our expectations, observers’ ingroup identification did not moderate the effect of group membership or typicality to the ingroup on justice reactions. Yet, ingroup identification influenced both experienced identity threat (i.e., mediator) and utilitarian motives for punishment with high identifiers experiencing higher threat and displaying stronger utilitarian punishment motive. We discuss the results in terms of people's concern for the protection of their group identity.
Co-crystallization for enhanced dissolution rate of bicalutamide: preparation and evaluation of rapidly disintegrating tablets

Abstract Objectives: Enhance the dissolution rate of bicalutamide via co-crystallization with sucralose (sweetener), with the aim to develop rapidly disintegrating tablets with subsequent prompt dissolution. Significance: Bicalutamide is antiandrogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer but has low and variable oral bioavailability, mainly attributed to poor dissolution. Co-crystallization with benign excipients is promising for dissolution enhancement with the additive serving dual functions. The benefit will become greater if dissolution enhancement is associated with the development of orodispersible tablets which is suitable for elderly patients who are the most vulnerable for prostate cancer. Methods: Bicalutamide was dissolved in acetone in the presence of increasing molar ratios of sucralose. The solvent was evaporated while mixing to deposit crystals that were subjected to wet co-grinding until drying. The developed solids were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction in addition to monitoring bicalutamide dissolution. Results: Instrumental analysis provided evidences for co-crystallization which was initiated at 1:1 molar ratio of bicalutamide to sucralose with complete co-crystallization at 1:4 molar ratio. The co-crystals provided faster bicalutamide dissolution compared with the unprocessed drug and that recrystalized from acetone in the absence of sucralose. The formulation containing bicalutamide with sucralose at 1:4 molar ratio was selected for tablet formulation into which superdisintegrants were included. The developed tablets exhibited flash disintegration with subsequent fast dissolution of bicalutamide. Conclusions: The study introduced co-crystallization of bicalutamide with sucralose as an efficient tool to enhance the dissolution rate and to develop rapidly dissolving tablets for intraoral administration.
Contributions of Personality and Depressive Symptoms on Subjective and Objective Memory

This study aimed to examine whether individual differences in personality and multifaceted depression explain discrepancies between subjective memory (SM) and objective memory (OM), and whether these relationships varied as a function of gender. Structural equation modeling was used to test these relationships in a group of older adults (65–98 years, N = 606) from the 2000 Wave Panel 3 of the Long Beach Longitudinal Study. Women outperformed men on OM, reporting less frequent memory failures. Dysphoria and openness predicted OM, yet not SM. Cognitive concerns, neuroticism, and conscientiousness predicted SM but not OM. The personality and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) factors relevant for SM differed from those for OM, with the GDS factors showing a stronger impact. Overall, discrepancies between SM and OM may be partially explained by the varying impact of the GDS and personality factors, as both provide differential utility in understanding SM and OM differences in older adulthood.
Structural and Thermoelectric Properties of Cu Substituted Type I Clathrates Ba8CuxSi~32−xGa~14

With an attempt to improve the thermoelectric properties of type I clathrates in the Ba-Ga-Si system, we introduce Cu into the framework of the crystal structure. Single crystals are prepared in Ga-flux and characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and transport measurements for the structural and thermoelectric properties. Our composition analyses show that only a small amount of Cu is determined in the clathrates. The single crystal X-ray diffraction data refinements confirm that Ga atoms prefer the 6c and 24k sites and avoid the 16i sites in the crystal structure. The small amount of Cu affects the crystal structure by compressing the tetrakaidecahedral cage along the direction perpendicular to the six-atom-ring plane. This could be the reason for the high charge carrier concentration, and low electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient. We analyze the principal mechanism for our observation and conclude that the Cu substitution can adjust some subtle details of the structure, maintaining the Zintl rule in the type I clathrates.
Analytical Model for Load–Slip Relationship of Perfobond Shear Connector Based on Push-Out Test

In composite structures, the perfobond connector is an alternative type of shear connector which consists of a steel plate with a certain number of holes. The load–slip relationship is critical for structural analysis and numerical simulation of composite structures using perfobond connectors. In this study, push-out tests were conducted on 72 specimens to obtain the load–slip behaviors of perfobond connectors. Based on the test results, parametric study was performed to analyze the effects of changing the hole geometry, the concrete strength, the configuration of the rebar in hole, the dimensions of the perfobond rib, and the size of the concrete slab. Furthermore, the characteristics and physical meanings of the load–slip curves were analyzed, and the limits and conditions for theoretical expressions were derived. Finally, an analytical model was proposed to express the load–slip relationship of perfobond connectors covering a wide range of design variables.
Sadism and Aggressive Behavior: Inflicting Pain to Feel Pleasure

Sadism is a “dark” trait that involves the experience of pleasure from others’ pain, yet much is unknown about its link to aggression. Across eight studies (total N = 2,255), sadism predicted greater aggression against both innocent targets and provocateurs. These associations occurred above-and-beyond general aggressiveness, impulsivity, and other “dark” traits. Sadism was associated with greater positive affect during aggression, which accounted for much of the variance in the sadism–aggression link. This aggressive pleasure was contingent on sadists’ perceptions that their target suffered due to their aggressive act. After aggression, sadism was associated with increases in negative affect. Sadism thus appears to be a potent predictor of aggression that is motivated by the pleasure of causing pain. Such sadistic aggression ultimately backfires, resulting in greater negative affect. More generally, our results support the crucial role of anticipated and positive forms of affect in motivating aggression.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw after long‐term bisphosphonate treatment in a cat

A 12‐year‐old, neutered female, domestic medium hair cat was evaluated for a nonhealing, oral mucosal ulceration. The cat had a history of idiopathic hypercalcemia that had been treated with a bisphosphonate for 41 months. Oral examination identified exposed maxillary bone adjacent to a previous extraction site. Histopathology of the exposed bone and associated mucosa was most consistent with medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Treatment involved both medical and surgical interventions. Oral mucosal healing occurred after 6 months of treatment.
SOX30 is a prognostic biomarker and chemotherapeutic indicator for advanced-stage ovarian cancer.

New potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer should be identified. The amplification in chromosomal region 5q31-5q35.3 exhibits the strongest correlation with overall survival (OS) of ovarian cancer. SOX30 coincidentally located at this chromosomal region has been determined as a new important tumor-suppressor. However, the prognostic value, role and mechanism of SOX30 in ovarian cancer are unexplored. Here, we revea1 that SOX30 is frequently over-expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, and is associated with clinical-stage and metastasis of ovarian cancer patients. High SOX30 expression predicts better OS and acts as an independent prognostic factor in advanced-stage patients, but is not associated with OS in early-stage patients. Based on the survival analyses, the advanced-stage patients with high SOX30 expression can receive the platin and/or taxol based chemotherapy, whereas should not receive chemotherapy containing gemcitabine or topotecan. Functionally, SOX30 strongly inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion in intro, and suppresses tumor metastasis in vivo. SOX30 regulates markers (E-cadherin, Fibronectin, N-cadherin and Vimentin) and prevents the characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SOX30 transcriptionally regulates the expression of E-cadherin, Fibronectin and N-cadherin by binding to their promoters. Restoration of E-cadherin and/or N-cadherin when over-expressing SOX30 significantly reduces the anti-metastatic role of SOX30. Indeed, chemotherapy treatment containing platin or gemcitabine combined with SOX30 expression influences tumor cell metastasis and the survival of nude mice differently, which is closely associated with EMT. In conclusion, SOX30 antagonizes tumor metastasis via preventing EMT process that can be used to predict survival and incorporated into chemotherapeutics of advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients.
Don't forget astrocytes when targeting Alzheimer's disease

Astrocytes are essential for CNS health, regulating homeostasis, metabolism, and synaptic transmission. In addition to these and many other physiological roles, the pathological impact of astrocytes (“reactive astrocytes”) in acute trauma and chronic disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established. Growing evidence supports a fundamental and active role of astrocytes in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. With a growing interest in normal astrocyte biology, and countless studies on changes in astrocyte function in the context of disease, it may be a surprise that no therapies exist incorporating astrocytes as key targets. Here, we examine unintentional effects of current AD therapies on astrocyte function and theorize how astrocytes may be intentionally targeted for more efficacious therapeutic outcomes. Given their integral role in normal neuronal functioning, incorporating astrocytes as key criteria for AD drug development can only lead to more effective therapies for the millions of AD sufferers worldwide.
Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Psoriasis: A Review

GENERAL PURPOSE: To provide information about the diagnosis and management of cutaneous psoriasis. TARGET AUDIENCE: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES: After completing this continuing education activity, the provider should be better able to:Describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment, and diagnosis of the types and subtypes of psoriasis.Explain the use of topical treatments, intralesional steroids, phototherapy, conventional systemic treatments, biologic agents, and pain medicines for psoriasis. ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by plaque, inverse, guttate, pustular, and erythrodermic variants. This review focuses on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous psoriasis. Other related topics discussed include peristomal psoriasis, the Koebner phenomenon, and the relationship between biologic therapy and wound complications.
Activation of Phox2b-Expressing Neurons in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Drives Breathing in Mice

The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is implicated in the control of breathing, but the neuronal phenotype and circuit mechanism involved in such a physiological function remain incompletely understood. This study focused on the respiratory role of paired-like homeobox 2b gene (Phox2b)-expressing NTS neurons and sought to determine whether selective stimulation of this set of neurons activates breathing in male mice. A Cre-dependent vector encoding a Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3Dq) was microinjected into the NTS of Phox2b-Cre transgenic mice. The hM3Dq-transduced neurons were pharmacologically activated in conscious mice while respiratory effects were measured by plethysmography. We demonstrate that chemogenetic stimulation of Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons significantly increased baseline minute volume via an increase in respiratory frequency rather than tidal volume. Chemogenetic stimulation also synergized with moderate CO2 stimulation to enhance pulmonary ventilatory response. Selective ablation of Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons notably attenuated a hypercapnic ventilatory response. Moreover, histological evidence revealed that stimulation of Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons increased neuronal activity of the preBötzinger complex. Finally, we presented the neuroanatomical evidence of direct projection of Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons to putative respiratory central pattern generator. Overall, these findings suggest that selective activation of Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons potentiates baseline pulmonary ventilation via an excitatory drive to respiratory central pattern generator and this group of neurons is also required for the hypercapnic ventilatory response. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) has been implicated in the control of breathing. The paired-like homeobox 2b gene (Phox2b) is the disease-defining gene for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and is restrictively present in brainstem nucleus, including the NTS. Using a chemogenetic approach, we demonstrate herein that selective stimulation of Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons vigorously potentiates baseline pulmonary ventilation via an excitatory drive to respiratory central pattern generator in rodents. Genetic ablation of these neurons attenuates the hypercapnic ventilatory response. We also suggest that a fraction of Phox2b-expressing neurons exhibit CO2 sensitivity and presumably function as central respiratory chemoreceptors. The methodology is expected to provide a future applicability to the patients with sleep-related hypoventilation or apnea.
Improving Electrochromic Cycle Life of Prussian Blue by Acid Addition to the Electrolyte

In this study, we examined the cyclic stability of Prussian blue (PB) films in electrolytes with acid. The cyclic stabilities of the PB films were investigated in K+ based electrolytes with different values of solution pH. The acidified KCl solution can significantly improve the durability of the film. Among the three pH values tested, the KCl solutions (pH = 2.15 and pH = 3.03) showed better performance. Furthermore, we investigated the cyclic stabilities of the PB films in LiClO4/PC electrolyte containing different acids. We found that the cyclic stability of PB film was significantly improved when a small amount of acetic acid was dissolved in LiClO4/PC electrolyte. The PB film exhibited stable optical modulation after up to 20,000 cycles in LiClO4/PC electrolyte containing acetic acid—a much higher result than those of some literatures. This suggests that the addition of acetic acid to LiClO4/PC electrolyte can promote the development of PB-based devices with improved stability.
A Validation Study of the Spanish Version of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI): Paper-and-Pencil Versus Online Administration

Abstract Hypersexuality is a problematic behavior characterized by the combination of an excessive sexual desire and the pathological inability to control it. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Spanish paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), one of the most popular scales to assess this issue. A total of 2,250 participants (1,070 men) completed a translated version of the HBI (1,450 in paper-and-pencil; 800 online). The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors that explained 67.53% of total variance for the HBI paper-and-pencil version. This factor structure was confirmed in the HBI online version through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Factorial, structural, scalar and error variance-invariance according to gender was also confirmed through multigroup CFA. Reliability of the total score and subscales ranged between . 89 and . 96. Likewise, correlations with other related scales were positive and significant (r between .511 and .743). Temporal stability one year after the first application was . 77 (paper-and-pencil format) and . 68 (online version). These results support the reliability and validity of the HBI and justify its use in the assessment of hypersexuality in Spanish-speaking countries.
Leptospira infection and shedding in cats in Thailand

In Thailand, leptospirosis is considered an emerging disease in humans and animals. Many species can shed pathogenic Leptospira, including domestic cats (felis catus), which might be able to pose a risk to humans. There are no studies on Leptospira infections in cats in Thailand, but in other countries, it was demonstrated that cats can shed pathogenic Leptospira with high prevalences. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether outdoor cats in Thailand shed pathogenic Leptospira in their urine, and to determine antibody prevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira infection. Two hundred and sixty outdoor cats were prospectively recruited. Urine samples were tested by real-time PCR targeting the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira. Urine was additionally cultured for 6 months in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium to grow Leptospira. Antibodies against 24 serovars (Anhoa, Australis, Autumnalis, Ballum, Bataviae, Bratislava, Broomi, Canicola, Celledoni, Copenhageni, Coxi, Cynopteri, Djasiman, Grippotyphosa, Haemolytica, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Khorat, Paidja, Patoc, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Rachmati, Saxkoebing, Sejroe) belonging to 16 serogroups were determined using microscopic agglutination tests. Risk factors were analysed by Fisher's exact test. Urine samples of 2/260 cats (0.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1%-2.8%) were PCR-positive, but none of the 260 urine samples were culture positive. Leptospira antibodies were detected in 14/260 cats (5.4%; 95% CI: 3.0%-8.6%) with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:160 (serovars: Anhoa, Autumnalis, Celledoni, Copenhageni, Djasiman, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Patoc). Cats aged ≥4 years were significantly more often infected with Leptospira than younger cats. No other significant risk factors were found. In conclusion, outdoor cats in Thailand can shed DNA and, possibly, viable, pathogenic Leptospira in their urine, although at a much lower prevalence than expected when compared to countries with similar climate. Thus, cats can be a potential source of infection for people. Further studies are needed to determine the role of cats in transmitting this zoonotic disease in Thailand.