Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrimination by Male Dogwood Borer, Synanthedon scitula (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), Among Traps Baited with Commercially Available Pheromone Lures

Abstract The response of male dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), to four commercially available pheromone lures and to pheromone source concentration was evaluated in field trapping studies in commercial apple orchards in Virginia and West Virginia. Male peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson), and lilac borer, Podosesia syringae (Harris), were also captured in traps baited with all lures tested. Among the lures used, the Scenturion dogwood borer lure was the most attractive to and selective for dogwood borer. Male dogwood borer showed a concentration-dependent response to traps baited with different source concentrations of the pheromone from Scenturion. Chemical analyses revealed that all lures contained principally (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate (ODDA) but that a significantly higher percentage of (Z,E) plus (E,Z)-3,13-ODDA was present in the Scenturion lure, compared with the others. Weekly collections of fresh male and female dogwood borer pupal exuviae from April until October in 2002 and 2003 suggested that traps baited with Scenturion lures significantly underestimated the size of populations in commercial apple orchards.
High night temperature and plant growth regulator effects on spikelet sterility, grain characteristics and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants

Mohammed, A. R. and Tarpley, L. 2011. High night temperature and plant growth regulator effects on spikelet sterility, grain characteristics and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 283-291. The presence of seasonally high night temperature (HNT) as a result of global warming, occurring during the critical stages of development, could reduce rice yield and quality. To understand how a combination of HNT and plant growth regulators (PGR; a-tocopherol and glycine betaine) affects yield and yield-related parameters of rice plants, we conducted three pot experiments under two levels of night temperature (NT; 27 and 32oC) with or without PGR treatments. Plants were subjected to a HNT through the use of continuously controlled infrared heaters, starting 20 d after emergence (DAE), from 2000 until 0600. Plants were treated with a-tocopherol and glycine betaine 20 DAE. The NT had no effect on number of productive tillers, main-stem panicle length or number of primary branches per panicle; however, reduced yield resulted from significant effects on spikelet sterility (SS), and grain length, width, and weight. The grains located at the base of the panicle showed decreased length and width compared with grains located at the tip of the panicle. Application of glycine betaine increased grain yield by predominantly decreasing SS in rice plants, suggesting the potential future use of glycine betaine to help partially prevent HNT damage to rice.
Seasonal Dispersal Patterns of Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Occurrence in Central and Eastern North Carolina

Abstract The seasonal abundance and temporal pattern of Frankliniella fusca Hinds dispersal were monitored from 1996 to 2000 at 12 locations in central and eastern North Carolina. The predominant vector species of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) captured across all locations was F. fusca (98%). The temporal patterns of F. fusca dispersal observed during spring seasons varied among locations in all years except 2000. Regression analysis estimated that times of first flight in the spring seasons varied among locations, whereas flight duration intervals were similar. Temporal patterns of F. fusca captured varied significantly between aerial traps placed 0.1 and 1.0 m above the soil surface. Fewer total thrips were captured at 0.1 m, although thrips dispersal occurred earlier and over a greater time interval compared with 1.0-m traps. Temporal patterns of TSWV occurrence differed among locations in the spring seasons of 1999 and 2000, whereas patterns of virus occurrence were similar during the fall seasons. Patterns of F. fusca dispersal and subsequent TSWV occurrence were synchronous at locations in 1999 and 2000 where the greatest number of TSWV lesions was recorded. Knowledge of the temporal patterns of F. fusca dispersal and TSWV occurrence may be a useful indicator for describing the time when susceptible crops are at highest risk of TSWV infection.
Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry - current knowledge and directions for future research

Woyengo, T. A. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2013. Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry - current knowledge and directions for future research. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 9-21. Plant feedstuffs contain phytic acid (PA), which is a storage form of phosphorus. Phytic acid is, however, poorly hydrolyzed by pigs and poultry, and it has a capacity to complex dietary nutrients, thereby reducing nutrient digestibility. Reduced nutrient digestibility by PA implies reduced efficiency of utilization of the nutrients and increased discharge of the unabsorbed nutrients to the environment. Phytic acid has also recently been shown to increase the endogenous nutrient losses (ENL) in pigs and poultry. Because the increased ENL in the gastrointestinal tract are associated with increased maintenance requirement for the lost nutrients and of energy spent on their secretion, an increase in ENL due to PA implies that there are other adverse effects of PA on nutrient utilization in addition to reducing nutrient digestibility. In this review, the effects of PA on performance of pigs and poultry, and on the digestibility and ENL in these animals are discussed in detail. Also, the mechanisms by which PA reduces nutrient digestibility and increases gastrointestinal ENL in pigs and poultry are discussed, and areas that need further research to gain more insight into these mechanisms are suggested.
Short Communication: An association analysis between one missense polymorphism at the SREBF1 gene and milk yield and composition traits in goats

Manunza, A. , Zidi, A. , Fernández-Cabanás, V. M. , Jordana, J., Carrizosa, J., Belaifa, E. , Urrutia, B. , Polvillo, O. , González-Redondo, P., Amills, M. and Serradilla, J. M. 2012. Short Communication: An association analysis between one missense polymorphism at the SREBF1 gene and milk yield and composition traits in goats. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 167-173. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) regulates the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. Herewith, we have sequenced the near-complete coding region and part of the 3'UTR of the goat SREBF1 gene. In doing so, we have detected a missense c.353C>T polymorphism causing a proline to leucine substitution at position 118 (P118L). An association analysis with milk composition traits recorded in Murciano-Granadina goats only revealed a statistical tendency linking SREBF1 genotype and milk omega-3 fatty acid content. The lack of significant associations suggests that the P118L substitution does not involve a functional change.
Soil sulfur—crop response calibration relationships and criteria for field crops grown in Australia

Accurate definition of the sulfur (S) soil test–crop grain yield increase (response) relationship is required before soil S test measurements can be used to if there are likely to be responses to S fertilisers. An analysis was done using the Better Fertiliser Decision for Crops (BFDC) National Database using a web application (BFDC Interrogator) to develop calibration relationships between soil S tests (KCl-40 and MCP) using a selection of sampling depths and grain relative yields (RY). Critical soil test values (CSTV) and critical soil test ranges (CSTR) were defined at RY 90%. The ability of the KCl-40 extractable S soil test to predict grain yield response to applied S fertiliser was examined for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in Western Australia (WA), New South Wales (NSW), and Victoria and canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in WA and NSW. A smaller dataset using MCPi-extractable S was also assessed. The WA-grown wheat KCl-40 S CSTV, using sampling depth to 30 cm for soil types Chromosols (Coloured), Chromosols (Sesqui-Nodular), Kandosols (Grey and Yellow), Tenosols (Brown and Yellow), and Tenosols (Grey, Sesqui-Nodular), was 2.8mg kg with an associated CSTR 2.4–3.2mg kg and a correlation coefficient (r) 0.87. Similarly, KCl-40 S CSTV was defined using sampling depth to 10 cm for these selected soil types and for wheat grown on Vertosols in NSW. The accuracy of the KCl-40 S CSTV for canola grown inWAwas improved using a sampling to a depth of 30 cm instead of 10 cm for all soil types. The canola KCl-40 S CSTV using sampling depth to 30 cm for these soil typeswas7.2mg kgwith an associatedCSTR6.8–7.5andan rvalue0.70. AsimilarKCl-40SCSTVof7.0mg kgwas defined using a sampling depth of 10 cm, but the CSTR was higher (6.4–7.7mg kg) and the r value lower (0.43). A lower KCl-40 SCSTV of 3.9mg kg or 31.0 kg ha using a sampling depth of 60 cmwas defined for canola grown inNSWusing a limited number of S-rate calibration treatment series. Both MCPi (r= 0.32) and KCl-40 (r <0.20) soil S test–NSW canola response relationships using a 0–10 cm sampling depth were weak. The wheat KCl-40 S CSTR of 2.4–3.2mg kg can be used widely on soil types where soil sulfate is not leached during the growing season. However, both the WA canola CSTR of 6.4–7.2mg kg using a sampling depth of 30 cm and NSW canola CSTR of 25–39 kg ha or 3.1–4.9mg kg using a sampling depth of 60 cm can be considered in regions outside of WA and NSW. Additional keywords: canola, critical soil test range (CSTR), critical soil test value (CSTV), KCl-40 andMCP extractable soil S, soil testing, wheat. Received 9 January 2013, accepted 11 July 2013, published online 22 August 2013
Short Communication: Automated assessment of the effect of flunixin meglumine on rumination in dairy cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis

Chapinal, N. , Fitzpatrick, C. E. , Leslie, K. E. and Wagner, S. A. 2014. Short Communication: Automated assessment of the effect of flunixin meglumine on rumination in dairy cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 21-25. The objective was to evaluate the use of rumination loggers to monitor the effect of flunixin meglumine on rumination in lactating dairy cows with endotoxin-induced clinical mastitis. Mastitis was induced in 13 cows by intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into a rear quarter. Four hours later, seven cows received flunixin meglumine intravenously and six received a saline solution. Control cows ruminated less than treated cows 5-8 h and 11-12 h after LPS infusion, although they ruminated more 15-16 h after LPS infusion. Rumination loggers show promise as a practical on-farm tool to monitor the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy for clinical mastitis.
Insect Infestations, Incidence of Viral Plant Diseases, and Yield of Winter Wheat in Relation to Planting Date in the Northern Great Plains

Abstract Planting date effects on arthropod infestation and viral plant disease are undocumented for winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. , in South Dakota and the northern Great Plains. Winter wheat was planted over three dates (early, middle, and late; generally from late August to late September) to determine the effect on abundance of insect pests, incidence of plant damage, incidence of viral plant disease, and grain yield. The study was conducted simultaneously at two sites in South Dakota over three consecutive cropping seasons for a total of six site yr. Cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) were abundant in three site yr. Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), bird cherry-oat aphid, was the most abundant cereal aphid at the Brookings site, whereas Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), greenbug, predominated at Highmore. Aphid-days were greater in early versus late plantings. Aphid abundance in middle plantings depended on aphid species and site, but it usually did not differ from that in early plantings. Incidence of Barley yellow dwarf virus (family Luteoviridae, genus Luteovirus, BYDV) declined with later planting and was correlated with autumnal abundance of cereal aphids. Incidence of BYDV ranged from 24 to 81% among 1999 plantings and was <8% in other years. Damage to seedling wheat by chewing insects varied for two site-years, with greater incidence in early and middle plantings. Wheat streak mosaic virus, spring infestations of cereal aphids, wheat stem maggot, and grasshoppers were insignificant. Yield at Brookings was negatively correlated with BYDV incidence but not cereal aphid abundance, whereas yield at Highmore was negatively correlated with aphid abundance but not BYDV incidence. Planting on 20 September or later reduced damage from chewing insects and reduced cereal aphid infestations and resulting BYDV incidence.
Field assessment of partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight in Pisum subspecies accessions

Conner, R. L. , Gossen, B. D. , Hwang, S. F. , Chang, K. F. , McRae, K. B. and Penner, W. C. 2012. Field assessment of partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight in Pisum subspecies accessions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 289-296. Mycosphaerella blight, caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Bloxam) Vestergr. , the teleomorph of Ascochyta pinodes Jones, is an important foliar disease of field pea in the major production areas of the world. Partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight has been reported in some field pea cultivars, but, at best, they are only moderately susceptible. A 3-yr field study was conducted to evaluate the mycosphaerella blight reactions of 28 accessions from a number of subspecies of Pisum sativum L. and one accession of P. fulvum Sibth. A few of the accessions carried mutations for the genes af, tl, and st that affect the morphology of the leaflets, stipules and tendrils. Reactions to mycosphaerella blight were characterized based on the mean of the severity ratings taken on the two final assessment dates before the crop matured and also on the change in mycosphaerella blight severity between these two dates. In many of the accessions, severity ratings were similar to that of the moderately susceptible check cultivar, CDC Peko, while a few had high severity ratings similar to those of the susceptible check cultivars. The accession PI 512079, which has small stipules, branched petioles with many leaflets but no tendrils, had the lowest ratings for mycosphaerella blight severity. Four other accessions exhibited the smallest change in mycosphaerella blight severity at the end of the growing season. Differences in leaf morphology likely influenced the change in disease severity, since all the semi-leafless and leafless accessions had smaller changes in mycosphaerella blight severity than the susceptible check cultivars. In a detached leaf assay with two isolates of Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Bloxam) Vestergr. , the smallest lesions formed on PI 512079, but otherwise the results failed to show a relationship with the observed severity values in the field trials.
A Primer-Introduced Restriction Analysis-Polymerase Chain Reaction Method to Detect Knockdown Resistance Mutations in Anopheles gambiae

Abstract In the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles, two point mutations at the voltage-gated sodium channel have been associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Simple allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect these single-nucleotide polymorphisms are prone to lack of specificity and therefore alternative techniques have been proposed. However, these may not be easily implemented in many laboratories from malaria endemic regions. Here, we describe a primer-introduced restriction analysis (PIRA)-PCR method to detect kdr mutations in An. gambiae. This method unambiguously identified all six genotypes for the kdr locus in a sample of 113 field-collected mosquitoes for which kdr genotypes had been confirmed by DNA sequencing. Co-occurrence of both kdr alleles was found in sites from Equatorial Guinea and Gabon and the L1014F mutation was detected in M-form individuals from Angola. The PIRA-PCR proved to be a reliable, robust, and simpler alternative for the detection of kdr mutations in this malaria vector.
The Semantics Of Colour A Historical Approach

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Review: Chinese herbs as alternatives to antibiotics in feed for swine and poultry production: Potential and challenges in application

Gong, J., Yin, F. , Hou, Y. and Yin, Y. 2014. Chinese herbs as alternatives to antibiotics in feed for swine and poultry production: Potential and challenges in application. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 223-241. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of clinical practice, and its own theoretical framework focused on functions at the whole-body level. However, due to cultural differences, TCM has not been fully recognized in Western countries. With the recent development of the theory of whole-body systems biology and “-omics”, there is a new opportunity to study TCM and to close the gap between TCM and Western medicine, because of the similarity in the theoretical foundations between TCM and whole-body systems biology. The uniqueness of TCM theory and practice is the approach to maintain and restore the body balance as a whole with no or little unfavourable side effects. Recent studies have also shown that Chinese herbs used as feed additives can modulate nutritional metabolism, immune responses, and intestinal health of food-producing animals, demonstrating good potential as substitutes for dietary antibiotics. Nonetheless, some issues need to be addressed before Chinese herbs can reach their full application. This article has critically reviewed recent progresses in scientific research of Chinese herbs as feed additives and their potential to replace dietary antibiotics. Possible challenges in future application for swine and poultry production are also discussed.
Is KNOWLEDGE of SCIENCE Associated with Higher Skepticism of Pseudoscientific Claims?

e live in a world that is increasingly shaped by and bathed in science, with most scientific progress occurring in the past century, and much of it in the past few decades. Yet, several authors have puzzled over the observation that modern societies are also characterized by a high degree of belief in a variety of pseudoscientific claims that have been thoroughly debunked or otherwise discarded by scientists (Anonymous, 2001; Ede, 2000).
Development of a Scale to Measure Attitudes toward Information Technology

Educators, and business, and political leaders are increasingly recognizing that computing is a new basic skill necessary for economic opportunity and social mobility U.S. President Obama has announced a new initiative, “Computer Science For All” to empower a generation of American students with the computer science skills they need to thrive in a digital economy (2016). Employers seek technical computer specialists who can write software and invent new applications, but American universities are only training enough students to fill about 40% of the projected 1.1 million technology and computing jobs expected by 2024 (National Center for Women and Information Technology, 2016). Moreover, a lack of gender parity within the U.S. technology industry has long been viewed as a critical problem, detracting from innovation and prosperity. Pursuit of information technology (IT) majors depends, to a great extent, on students’ attitudes toward IT. This study developed an Attitude toward IT Scale with a gender subtext to measure certain attitudes toward IT, held by college students. The norm group consisted of mostly freshmen enrolled in 2011 (N = 373), at a large four-year public university in Illinois. Reliability and validity of the 30-item Scale were examined by using Cronbach’s alpha and a principal components factor analysis with orthogonal rotation using varimax with Kaiser normalization; the rotation converged in seven iterations. Results of data analyses showed that overall reliability is high (0.85), and factor analyses revealed five orthogonal factors with high coefficient alphas—factors that represented relevant attitude constructs. This Scale may be used by educators at the senior high school and college levels to evaluate the effectiveness of different teaching/learning strategies in promoting positive student attitudes toward IT, and in improving learning among students. The Scale is unique in that it includes attitudes toward gender equality of opportunity in IT. Development of a Scale to Measure Attitudes toward Information Technology
Effect of dietary coriander oil and vegetable oil sources on fillet fatty acid composition of rainbow trout

Randall, K. M. , Reaney, M. J. T. and Drew, M. D. 2013. Effect of dietary coriander oil and vegetable oil sources on fillet fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 345-352. A 16-wk feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of adding coriander oil to vegetable oil (VO) diets on the bioconversion of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) to arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in rainbow trout. The experimental treatments were a 4×2 factorial arrangement of diets using four dietary oils (fish, flax, canola and camelina oils) and two levels of coriander oil (0 and 5 g kg-1 inclusion levels). Twenty-four tanks of triploid female rainbow trout (130 g initial weight; n=3) were used in the experiment. The experiment lasted 112 d during which fish were fed to satiation twice per day. The fatty acid composition of fillets from coriander-fed fish had increased concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (P<0.05). Furthermore, a trend to increased (20:5n-3+22:6n-3)/20:4n-6 ratios was seen when coriander oil was added to the diet (P=0.067). These results suggest that the addition of coriander oil to VO diets can significantly increase the bioconversion of 18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in rainbow trout.