Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of artificial intelligence techniques with UKTRISS for estimating probability of survival after trauma. UK Trauma and Injury Severity Score.

BACKGROUND The development of TRISS was principally a search for variables that correlated with outcome. It is not known, however, if linear statistical models provide optimal results. Artificial intelligence techniques can answer this question and also determine the most important predictor variables. METHODS An artificial neural network, using 16 anatomic and physiologic predictor variables, was compared with the latest United Kingdom version of TRISS model. RESULTS Both methods were 89.6% correct, but TRISS was significantly better by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.941 vs. 0.921, p < 0.001). The artificial neural network, however, was better calibrated to the test data (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic, 58.3 vs. 105.4). Head injury, age, and chest injury were the most important predictors by linear or nonlinear methods, whereas respiration rate, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were underused. CONCLUSION Prediction using linear statistics is adequate but not optimal. Only half the predictors have important predictive value, fewer still when using linear classification. The strongest predictors swamp any nonlinearity observed in other variables.
Apoptosis in the Murine rd 1 Retinal Degeneration is Predominantly p 53-Independent

Purpose: To determine if p53 mediates apoptosis in photoreceptors of retinal degeneration, rd1, mice. Methods: The rd1/rd1 mice were interbred with p53 null mice to generate p53 rd1/rd1and p53 rd1/rd1 mice. Rates of loss and incidence of apoptosis in rod photoreceptors were analyzed at appropriate ages (postnatal days 12, 14 and 16). Results: The extent and kinetics of photoreceptor cell loss in rd1 mice were nearly indistinguishable in the p53 and p53 null mice. Conclusions: Photoreceptor cell apoptosis in the rd1mouse model occurs by a predominantly p53-independent molecular pathway. Molecular Vision 4: 5, 1998 <http://www.emory. edu/molvis/v4/p5> Received 4 Aug 1997 | Accepted 16 Feb 1998 | Published 2 Mar 1998 © Molecular Vision
Outer-Membrane Penetration Barriers as Components of Intrinsic Resistance to Beta-Lactam and Other Antibiotics in Escherichia coli K-12

A new technique has been devised to investigate the penetration of antibiotics through the gram-negative outer membrane; the application here was to study intrinsic resistance of Escherichia coli K-12. Exponential cells in broth were briefly treated with 2.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 5°C to disrupt the outer membrane penetration barrier, and the response of treated and untreated cells to antibiotics was compared by turbidimetry. A barrier index was derived to describe the ability of 7 beta-lactam and 10 other antibiotics to penetrate the outer membrane of strain Y10. There was correlation between the molecular weight and log10 barrier index (r = 0.59, P ≅ 0.01). The envelope mutant D22 (envA) had low barrier indexes for erythromycin, rifampin, ampicillin, and cloxacillin. For the beta-lactams, outer membrane penetration and affinity for inner membrane target site(s) triggering cell lysis were measured as independent components of the overall activity; although penetration and overall activity varied greatly, the affinities of most were within a narrow range.
The Ensembl genome database project

The Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/) database project provides a bioinformatics framework to organise biology around the sequences of large genomes. It is a comprehensive source of stable automatic annotation of the human genome sequence, with confirmed gene predictions that have been integrated with external data sources, and is available as either an interactive web site or as flat files. It is also an open source software engineering project to develop a portable system able to handle very large genomes and associated requirements from sequence analysis to data storage and visualisation. The Ensembl site is one of the leading sources of human genome sequence annotation and provided much of the analysis for publication by the international human genome project of the draft genome. The Ensembl system is being installed around the world in both companies and academic sites on machines ranging from supercomputers to laptops.
One Hop Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network Using Deployment Knowledge

In this paper we propose a light-weight random key pre-distributed scheme based on deployment knowledge. It uses only one hop for key distribution. It leads to a substantial reduction in energy requirement while improving key sharing and resilience factor compared to the scheme proposed in [1]. We develop the theoretical background of the proposed scheme and explain why the proposed scheme performs better than [1]. In addition, we simulated both schemes over TOSSIM to establish that proposed scheme substantially improves key sharing over [1] in practice.
A MV intelligent gate driver for 15kV SiC IGBT and 10kV SiC MOSFET

This paper presents an Intelligent Medium-voltage Gate Driver (IMGD) for 15kV SiC IGBT and 10kV SiC MOSFET devices. The high voltage-magnitude and high dv/dt(> 30kV/μs) of these MV SiC devices, pose design challenge in form of isolation and EMI. This problem is solved by development of a <; 1pF isolation capacitance power-supply. But due to applied high stress, smaller short-circuit withstand time and the criticality of the application, these devices need to be monitored, well protected, active gate-driven and safely shut-down. This paper presents an EMI hardened IMGD built around a CPLD, sensing and optical interfacing unit. It provides advanced gate-driving, added protection and optically isolated state-monitoring features. The device operating conditions such as module temperature and Vds(on) can be data-logged. They can be used for diagnosis/prognosis purposes such as to predict failure and safely shut-down the system. This paper describes the functionality of different building blocks. The 15kV SiC IGBT has higher second switching slope above its punch-through level which is moderated without increasing losses by using digitally controlled active gate-driving. The shoot-through protection time can be reduced below withstand time by advanced gate driving. Soft turn-on and over-current triggered gate-voltage reduction helps reducing blanking time and quick turn-off reduces the protection response time. In this paper, the IMGD is high side tested at 5kV with device state monitoring on. The active gate-driving is tested at 6kV.
Thyroid Hormone , Retinoic Acid , and Testosterone Suppress Proliferation and Induce Markers of Differentiation in Cultured Rat Sertoli Cells

This study uses a high purity cell culture system to extend previous observations of factors controlling the end of the Sertoli cell proliferative phase. Thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and testosterone were assessed for their ability to halt the proliferative phase and regulate the expression of markers associated with maturation of the Sertoli cell. We show that these hormones share similar suppressive effects on the rate of Sertoli cell division without any apparent additive effects. We demonstrate that these hormones induce the progressive accumulation of cell cycle inhibitors p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 in Sertoli cells, a likely regulatory mechanism controlling the suppression of proliferation. We used real-time RT-PCR to examine the effects of these factors on the expression of mRNA encoding the Id proteins, demonstrating an increase in Id2 and Id3 expression in Sertoli cells treated with thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, or testosterone. Finally, we examined the expression of a number of genes that have been implicated in the Sertoli cell differentiation process. Our results suggest that these hormones can induce aspects of Sertoli cell differentiation in vitro, providing a valuable in vitro model for studying Sertoli cell function. (Endocrinology 144: 3722–3731, 2003)
Phosphorylation Decreases Ubiquitylation of the Thiazide-sensitive Cotransporter NCC and Subsequent Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis*

Background: The sodium chloride cotransporter NCC mediates NaCl reabsorption in the kidney distal convoluted tubule. Results: NCC internalization from the plasma membrane is clathrin-mediated and regulated by NCC phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Conclusion: Phosphorylation of NCC can regulate NCC internalization and ubiquitylation. Significance: Impaired NCC endocytosis could be implicated in salt-sensitive hypertension in vivo. The thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter, NCC, is the major NaCl transport protein in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The transport activity of NCC can be regulated by phosphorylation, but knowledge of modulation of NCC trafficking by phosphorylation is limited. In this study, we generated novel tetracycline-inducible Madin-Darby canine kidney type I (MDCKI) cell lines expressing NCC to examine the role of NCC phosphorylation and ubiquitylation on NCC endocytosis. In MDCKI-NCC cells, NCC was highly glycosylated at molecular weights consistent with NCC monomers and dimers. NCC constitutively cycles to the apical plasma membrane of MDCKI-NCC cells, with 20–30% of the membrane pool of NCC internalized within 30 min. The use of dynasore, PitStop2, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, nystatin, and filipin (specific inhibitors of either clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis) demonstrated that NCC is internalized via a clathrin-mediated pathway. Reduction of endocytosis resulted in greater levels of NCC in the plasma membrane. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the association of NCC with the clathrin-mediated internalization pathway in rat DCT cells. Compared with controls, inducing phosphorylation of NCC via low chloride treatment or mimicking phosphorylation by replacing Thr-53, Thr-58, and Ser-71 residues with Asp resulted in increased membrane abundance and reduced rates of NCC internalization. NCC ubiquitylation was lowest in the conditions with greatest NCC phosphorylation, thus providing a mechanism for the reduced endocytosis. In conclusion, our data support a model where NCC is constitutively cycled to the plasma membrane, and upon stimulation, it can be phosphorylated to both increase NCC activity and decrease NCC endocytosis, together increasing NaCl transport in the DCT.
Unavailable carbohydrates of commonly consumed indian foods.

The importance of unavailable carbohydrates in normal and therapeutic diets has been recognised in recent years. The profile of these substances is believed to be as equally important. The literature crude fibre estimation gives gross underestimates of the total unavailable carbohydrates in foods. The unavailable carbohydrate content and profile of some common Indian foods was studied by the recent method of Southgate (1976). Amongst cereals, the unavailable carbohydrate was the lowest in rice (8.3%) and highest in pearl millet (20.3%), with sorghum, wheat and ragi having intermediate values. The crude fibre values reported for rice was only 0.2% and that for pearl millet, 1.2%. In the case of legumes, green gram had the lowest (15.2%) and Bengal gram the highest (25.6%), with black gram and red gram having intermediate values. When unavailable carbohydrates were expressed as a proportion of the total carbohydrates, pulses had considerably larger amounts than did all cereals except pearl millet. Estimated ranges of values (g 100 g−1 of the edible portion of the food) for unavailable carbohydrates were; in roots and tubers (3.5–7.9%), peanut varieties (5.4–6.8%), green leafy vegetables (2.9–4.0%), other vegetables (0.4–6.0%) and fruits (2.2–2.7%).
Bone metabolism during anti‐thyroid drug treatment of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism

OBJECTIVE There is recent evidence that both exogenous and endogenous subclinical thyrotoxicoses are associated with decreased bone mineral density. Scanty information is available on bone metabolism in these conditions when euthyroidism is restored. We evaluated the effect of anti‐thyroid drug treatment on bone metabolism in endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Latent heat of vaporization of nanofluids: Measurements and molecular dynamics simulations

This paper reports measured and calculated (through molecular dynamics simulations) latent heat of vaporization (Hfg) for water and ethanol based nanofluids. The experimental results showed that the addition of 3 wt. % Ag and Fe nanoparticles in water results in a substantial reduction in Hfg (25% and 17%, respectively). On the contrary, 3 wt. % Al addition slightly increases Hfg (3%). Similar trends were observed for ethanol based nanofluids: 3 wt. % addition of Ag and Fe resulted in a reduction in Hfg by 19% and 13%, respectively, whereas 3 wt. % Al addition resulted in an increases in Hfg by 2%. Molecular dynamics simulations, which determine Hfg by calculating the total enthalpy change of a system before and after vaporization from a molecular level, showed that the strength of bonding between the nanoparticles and the fluid molecules is the governing factor in the variation of Hfg upon particle addition. It was found that the strength of Al/water bonds was much greater than Ag/water, resulting in a r.
Immunocytochemical characteristics of cells and fibers in the nasal mucosa of young and adult macaques

The mammalian nasal cavity is lined by an olfactory mucosa (OM) and a respiratory mucosa (RM). The principal OM cell type is the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN). However, little is known about ORNs in the life histories of primates. The RM, similar to the RM in the tracheobronchial tract (TBT), is dominated by ciliated columnar cells. Neuroendocrine cells (NECs) are essential in the TBT; little is known about nasal NECs. This study examined the immunolabeling characteristics of primate OM and RM for three important proteins—calretinin (CR), olfactory marker protein (OMP), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP). Tissues from newborn to 15‐year‐old macaques were analyzed to determine the expression of these proteins during various stages of development. Standard immunocytochemistry on aldehyde‐fixed tissues was applied, utilizing the avidin‐biotin peroxidase (ABC) method. Immuno‐electron microscopy confirmed the immunoreactive cell types. ORNs were immunoreactive for CR, OMP, and PGP at all ages studied. Immunoreactivity for PGP also was displayed in a subset of ciliated, columnar epithelial cells in the RM and in an extensive network of subepithelial fibers spread throughout both mucosae. The results suggest that macaque ORNs express three important proteins over a wide life history, and that the macaque may be a reliable model for studying primate/human olfaction during aging. The PGP‐labeling results also suggest that the macaque nasal peptidergic fibers express PGP and that the respiratory epithelium contains NECs with labeling characteristics similar to those in the TBT. Anat Rec 259:215–228, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementacija Hrvatskog hitnog prijamnog indeksa prema modificiranom Norveškom indeksu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć Implementation of Croatian Emergency Call Reception Index modified according to Norwegian Index of Medical emergencies

Introduction: The medical dispatching call service made by croatian nurses is crucial in its significance and responsibility in taking and receiving calls, setting priorities and allocating resources. The best indicators of the quality of its effect are the changes in call response time, reception time, delay time which is defined as time between receiving a call and intervention emergency team arrival to the patient, and protocol compliance. The introduction of the new Croatian Emergency Call Reception Index protocol, which is modified from the Norwegian Index of medical Emergencies, resulted in a new model of aiding criteria-based decisions. We examined the efficiency of the dispatching service which is based on Croatian Emergency Call Reception Index protocol. Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of one year period and compared results according to criteria given by the Norwegian index, between index and control group. All the included participants had NACA Severity of Injury or Illness Index score 5-7. There were no significant differences between the participants in both groups based on the subjects’ age and gender. We included 40 participants [20 indexes and 20 control group]. Results: Average call reception and reaction time as well as elapsed time, defined as a time between receiving a call and intervention emergency team arrival to the patient, were significantly shorter in the index group, where the call reception and reaction time were 111 seconds, compared to 180 seconds in the control group. Average elapsed time between receiving a call and the intervention team’s arrival to the patient was 11.3 minutes for the index group, and it was 15.5 minutes for the control group. Average time elapsed between receiving a call and the patient’s admission to the emergency department was 32 minutes for the index group and 52 minutes for the control group. Discussion: Seeing as the dispatching service is dynamic, demanding and highly responsible, it is subject to constant monitoring of quality indicators. The implementation of the Croatian Emergency Call Reception Index significantly improved the management of Emergency Medical service.
Impact of airway lability, atopy, and tobacco smoking on the development of asthma-like symptoms in asymptomatic teenagers.

AIM To investigate the impact of airway lability, atopy, and tobacco smoking on the development of asthma-like symptoms in asymptomatic subjects. METHODS In this prospective, community-based study, 271 asymptomatic adolescents with an average age at inclusion of 13.9 years were followed for 6.4 years. Airway lability was assessed at baseline by three tests, including exercise challenge, airway provocation with methacholine, and monitoring of peak expiratory flow. Atopy was defined by one or more positive reactions (> or = 3-mm weal) to 10 common aeroallergens by skin prick testing. The influence of airway lability, atopy, and smoking on the development of asthma-like symptoms was assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS During the 6-year study period, 68 of the previously asymptomatic teenagers (25%) developed asthma-like symptoms. Among those, 50% reported cough only, 29% reported wheezing only, and 21% reported both wheezing and coughing. Hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 11.6), smoking (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1. 2 to 3.8), and atopy (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.8) each contributed independently to explain symptom development (wheezing and cough together). Girls, but not boys, with airway lability were less likely to take up smoking, compared with subjects of that set with no airway lability (32% vs 51%; p < 0.05). No effect of airway lability on the likelihood of giving up smoking could be demonstrated, nor did the presence of atopy have any significant impact on smoking behavior. CONCLUSION Hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, atopy, and smoking were independent risk factors for the development of asthma-like symptoms during adolescence. The presence of airway lability may prevent girls from taking up smoking.
Vitamin D3 as a novel treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: single case leads to critical analysis of patient-centred data

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and debilitating functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with serious and detrimental impacts on quality of life. Its aetiology is largely unknown and the identification of effective management strategies remains far from complete. This paper first reports, a case of a 41-year-old woman IBS sufferer who reported significant symptom improvements with high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation. The sufferer identified a substantial body of patient data surrounding this potential therapy on social media sites, and this paper, therefore, also reports the findings from a systematic analysis of patient-centred, internet-based data surrounding this phenomenon. Data from 37 IBS sufferers commenting on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on their condition were located; approximately 70% of these reported that high-dose supplementation improved their IBS symptoms. A randomised controlled trial into the effect of vitamin D supplementation on IBS symptomatology to test this association scientifically is merited.
Gene Cluster and Split pilL Genes Involved in Pilus Biogenesis , Motility and Genetic Transformation in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp . PCC 6803

; The unicellular motile cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exhibits phototactic motility that depends on the type IV-like thick pilus structure. By gene disruption analysis, we showed that a gene cluster of slr1041, slr1042, slr1043 and slr1044, whose predicted products are homologous to PatA, CheY, CheW and MCP, respectively, was more or less required for pilus assembly, motility and natural transformation competency with extraneous DNA. By sequence homology, the missing cheA-like gene in this cluster was identified as novel split genes, slr0073 and slr0322, at separate loci on the genome. This was confirmed by nonmotile phenotype of their disruptants. Unique hyperpiliation was observed in the slr1042 and slr0073 disruptants, suggestive of their specific interaction with pilT1. The genes, thus identified as pil genes in this study, were designated pilG (slr1041), pilH (slr1042), pilI (slr1043), pilJ (slr1044), pilL-N (slr0073) and pilL-C (slr0322).
The transition of sleep-wake patterns in early adolescence.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between school grade level and sleep-phase preference in early adolescence. DESIGN A school-based cross-sectional study using a Sleep Habit Questionnaire. SETTING NA. PARTICIPANTS One thousand five hundred and seventy-two students, grade 4 to grade 8, from 3 junior high schools and 3 elementary schools in Taipei were recruited using multistage sampling method. The response rates were 98.4% (1547) for participants and 95.9% (1509) for their parents. INTERVENTIONS NA. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Each student participant completed a Sleep Habit Questionnaire, including sleep schedules, the Morningness/Eveningness (M/E) scale, the Pubertal Developmental Scale, and the Sleepiness Scale. The morning (N = 367) and evening (N = 364) groups were operationally defined as participants with the top 25% and the bottom 25% of the M/E score, respectively. A mixed model was used in data analysis to address the cluster effects arising from the school-based study. We found that the M/E score decreased and the proportion of the evening type increased across grade 4 to grade 8. The evening type was associated with decreased nocturnal sleep and later bedtimes and rise times, as well as with increased daytime sleepiness and compensation for sleep on weekends. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that school grade level is significantly associated with the transition to evening type in early adolescence. We report that environmental factors may play a more important role than biologic factors, such as age, sex, and pubertal development, in the transition from morning type to evening type at early adolescence. Future longitudinal study is necessary to determine the trajectories of sleep-wake patterns in adolescents and their predictors.