Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Train-Induced Vibrations in Multi-Story Buildings

Urban societies face the challenge of working and living in environments filled with noise and vibration caused by construction, manufacturing, and transportation systems. Due to soaring prices of real estate in modern cities, air-rights developments are becoming more widespread. As residential towers and hotels are built over or adjacent to train stations, subways, and highways, traffic noise and vibration play an ever increasing role in causing discomfort to the occupants. Research laboratories conducting highly sensitive measurements and manufacturing plants for nanotechnology are also prone to disruption by feelable and audible vibrations. In this research, a wave propagation model is developed to predict train-induced vibrations in buildings. The analytical predictions are compared to experimental data obtained using an electrodynamic shaker in a full-scale building. The floor responses to controlled shaking are used to calibrate the wave propagation model by estimating model parameters using optimization techniques. Traininduced vibrations, introduced at the building foundation, are also measured and compared to analytical predictions.
Perceived control variables and leisure-time physical activity of adults

Aim of Study. To determine whether and to what extent selfeffi cacy, perceived fi tness competence and perceived behavioral control are related to leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adults. Material and Methods. The study involved 532 adults (including 379 women) aged 18 to 26 years. Physical activity (PA) was measured by means of a short self-report questionnaire, being a modifi ed version of the very popular Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTQ). Each level of PA was described in a manner which enabled defi ning it by the participants with examples of activities representative for a given category, with 9 MET criteria for vigorous activity and 5 MET criteria for moderate intensity. Perceived physical competencies were measured by a relevant subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Results. On average, respondents undertook 2.5 hours of MVPA. Males were more active than females, and younger persons more active than older persons. For the whole sample, self-effi cacy and perceived behavioral control were the two signifi cant predictors of MVPA. However, in the case of the latter the effect size was small. In self-effi cacy a nearly linear increase from sedentary to the most active group was observed. Relationships between perceived competencies, self-effi cacy and perceived behavioral control and physical activity were age dependent. The comparison between younger and older adults revealed that in the younger age group all three control variables were related to physical activity, while in the older group only self-effi cacy and perceived behavioral control were signifi cant; however, in both cases the effect sizes were weak. Conclusions. The most promising interventions to increase PA are teaching strategies to cope with barriers of physical activity and convincing people that regardless of their levels their physical fi tness and motor abilities enable them to be physically active. However, while it seems true for young adults, the factors determining the physical activity of older adults and reinforcement strategies look different.
The Pottiaceae s.str. as an evolutionary lazarus taxon (Papers to Commemorate the 100th Issue of the Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory) -- (Bryology)

Genomic studies have shown that evolution can be based on clusters of genes that may be silenced and reactivated by regulator genes or promoter sequences. Thus, apparent phylogenetic homoplasy may actually represent a single complex developmental response to selection, involving many genes or gene clusters and one or more regulating sequences, and as such may be called multiplex homoiology. Evidence for such complex exaptions (pre-adaptions) in many organisms is discussed, and two features of the Pottiaceae (Bryopsida), the complex gametophytic morphology characterized by the pleisiomorphic Timmiella, and the twisted peristome complex of 32 filamentous, spiculose teeth, distal to a basal membrane are suggested to be likewise homoiologous. The latter complex trait may have reappeared in the family 4 to 7 times. Inasmuch as exaptions may skip branching events tracked by nested sets of non-coding traits, and because genetic isolation alone is not a good basis for classification, this paper re- evaluates past evolutionary schema in light of this theoretically acceptable exception to Dollo's Law that complex traits are never re-evolved.
The Differentiation of Parties through the Lens of an Electoral Campaign

Parties restructure their organizations to prepare themselves for new challenges. In many cases, the changes involve a reduction of the subsystems structure, dropping the number of territorial units or finding leaner solutions and outsourcing of activities which were once fulfilled within the boundaries of the party organization. Specifically, the phenomenon of outsourcing concerns, on the one hand, aggregation of interests and policymaking and, on the other, electoral mobilization and management of political communication. Looking for new solutions – flexible, without a unique centre – can lead to a process of de-differentiation that characterizes organization in postmodern society: a new definition of levels of hierarchy and "transgression of boundaries", through a continuous exchange of resources with the environment, which is unpredictable and constantly changing. As in other organizations, parties en-courage the formation of horizontal links with new external actors - associations, informal groups, indi-viduals and influencers - in order to build networks that cooperate to exchange essential resources for the party itself. In this framework, the study aims to interpret de-differentiation in political parties from a specific point of view: the analysis of political campaigns as indicators of this process. The “outside campaign”, created by a set of non-party actors, is growing: the sector of organized interests, that, unlike in the past, is "de-aligned" from the political parties and does not respond to traditional socio-political cleavage, is present in parties and candidates’ campaigns with greater resources than was the case formerly.
Rescaled Range Analysis and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis: Finite Sample Properties and Confidence Intervals

We focus on finite sample properties of two mostly used methods of Hurst exponent H estimation—rescaled range analysis (R/S) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Even though both methods have been widely applied on different types of financial assets, only seve- ral papers have dealt with the finite sample properties which are crucial as the properties differ significantly from the asymptotic ones. Recently, R/S analysis has been shown to overestimate H when compared to DFA. However, we show that even though the estimates of R/S are truly significantly higher than an asymptotic limit of 0.5, for random time series with lengths from 2 9 to 2 17 , they remain very close to the estimates proposed by Anis & Lloyd and the estimated standard deviations are lower than the ones of DFA. On the other hand, DFA estimates are very close to 0.5. The results propose that R/S still remains useful and robust method even when compared to newer method of DFA which is usually preferred in recent literature.
Dynamic Capital Structure Trade-off Theory: Evidence from Malaysia

Dynamic trade-off theory proposes that firms may deviate from their target capital structure but they will exhibit an adjustment behavior towards that target. Estimating the speed of adjustment (SOA) is an investigation for the joint hypotheses that the target actually exists and that firms adjust toward their target. However, using a single estimated SOA that fits all firms is misleading and cannot be used as evidence for or against the dynamic trade-off theory if the real dynamic behavior is largely heterogeneous. This study finds evidence for this heterogeneity in the SOA for Malaysian firms using system GMM approach. The study finds that firms that are far from the target exhibit faster adjustments than firms close to the target, and firms that are overleveraged exhibit faster adjustment than underleveraged firms. These results are consistent with the dynamic trade-off theory. However, the finding of this study cannot reject other interpretations of capital structure i.e., pecking order or timing theory, since the SOA for some of the firms is very slow and hence, cannot be the first order determinant of capital structure.
Leveraging symbolic capital: The Use of 'blat' networks across transnational spaces

This article contributes to debates on how social networks sustain migrants’ entrepreneurial activities. Reporting on thirty-one interviews with Eastern European migrants in the UK, this article provides a critical lens on the tendency to assume that migrants have ready-made social networks within the host country embedded within co-ethnic communities. We extend this limited perspective by demonstrating how ‘blat’ social networks, which were formulated within the cultural and political contours of Soviet society are being transformed within the everyday lived experiences of Eastern European migrants working in the UK. Our findings highlight not only the monetarization of such networks but also the continuing embedded nature of trust existing within these networks, which cut across transnational spaces. We show how forms of social capital based around Russian language use and legacies of a shared Soviet past, are just as important as the role of ‘co-ethnics’ and ‘co-migrants’ in facilitating business development. In doing so, we present a more nuanced understanding of the role that symbolic capital plays in migrant entrepreneurial journeys and its multifaceted nature.
Female Mate Choice is Influenced by Male Sport Participation

Sexual selection theory argues that females invest more heavily in reproduction than males and thus tend to be choosier in terms of mate choice. Sport may provide a context within which females can gain information about male quality to inform this choice. Males may be able to display attractive traits such as athleticism, strength, and physique to females while participating in sport. We predicted that females would favor males that participated in team sports over individual sports and non-athletes because team sport athletes may be more likely to display qualities such as the ability to work well with others and role acceptance. We used a questionnaire, a photograph, and manipulated descriptions to gauge the effects of sport involvement, attractiveness, and status on 282 females' willingness to participate in various types of relationships. Team sport athletes were perceived as being more desirable as potential mates than individual sport athletes and non-athletes. It is suggested that team sport athletes may have traits associated with good parenting such as cooperation, likeability, and role acceptance, and/or these athletes may be better able to assert dominance in a team setting. Results are discussed in terms of further implications and future research.
Identification, characterization and molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli isolated from lamb and goat kids with diarrhoea

Neonatal diarrhoea is a serious health problem on commercial farms. Enterovirulent Escherichia coli is a significant aetiological agent of neonatal diarrhoea. In this work, identification and classification of E. coli isolates obtained from lambs and goat kids with diarrhoea were studied along with antibiotic resistance and clonal relationships of enterovirulent strains. A total of 107 E. coli strains isolated from animals on 43 farms were investigated. Specific virulence genes were determined by multiplex and uniplex polymerase chain reaction. Testing of antibiotic susceptibility was carried out by the Vitek II compact system. The relationship of E. coli isolates was determined by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction. A total of 39 (36.4%) enterovirulent E. coli strains were identified and of this 19 (48.7%) were shiga toxigenic, 12 (30.8%) enterotoxigenic and 8 (20.5%) enteropathogenic. Three isolates (7.7%) were found to be positive for extended spectrum beta lactamase; 10 (25.6%) isolates showed multi-drug resistance to antimicrobials. A total of 28 types were detected by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction. Twenty strains had distinct types while 5 types were common for 2 strains and 3 types were common for 3 strains. This is the first current determination of types, clonality and antibiotic resistance of enterovirulent E. coli isolated from small ruminants with diarrhoea. The results of this study showed that the rates of shiga toxigenic, enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic isolates of E. coli are high in the western part of Turkey. Although these isolates were not clonal, presence of multidrug resistant isolates may cause public health problems.
The Illyrian mesic forests of the Villány Mts: phytosociology and conservation importance

Abstract Situated at the interface of Central European and Illyrian vegetation, the mesic forests of southwestern Hungary occupy a special position. Despite their importance in vegetation science and conservation, a comprehensive study of the Illyrian mesic forests of the Villány Mts, the southernmost mountain region in Hungary, has not been provided yet. In this study 60 phytocoenological relevés were prepared in the beech, oak-hornbeam, ravine and scree forests of the Villány Mts. To compare the individual associations, we performed a PCoA-ordination, calculated the per plot species number and the per plot protected species number, computed the percentage constancy values of the protected species, identified significant diagnostic species, and prepared the spectra of the coenological preference groups. We used relative ecological indicator values to assess habitat conditions. The PCoA-ordination, the coenological preference group spectra, and to a certain extent the ecological indicator values suggested that the different mesic forests of the Villány Mts show certain similarities. This is probably due to the fact that beech forests and ravine forests are confined to small and atypical stands by the suboptimal environmental conditions. Nonetheless, the number of diagnostic species and the constancy values of protected plants indicated that significant differences do exist between the four associations, the scree forest being the most distinct. We conclude that oak-hornbeam forests and scree forests of the Villány Mts have a regional conservation importance, while the beech and ravine forests are locally important, enhancing the structural, floristical and habitat diversity of the Villány Mts.
Si doping effect on strain reduction in compressively strained Al0.49Ga0.51N thin films

Evaluation of the structural properties of 200-nm-thick Si-doped Al0.49Ga0. 51N films, grown on nominally relaxed 1-μm-thick Al0.62Ga0. 38N buffer layers on sapphire, revealed that increased Si doping promoted the relaxation of the compressively strained layers. The degree of strain relaxation R of the Al0.49Ga0. 51N films, as determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), increased from R=0.55 to R=0.94 with an increase in disilane injection from 1.25 nmol/min to 8.57 nmol/min. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the edge threading dislocations (TDs) in the Al0.49Ga0. 51N layers were inclined, such that the redirected TD lines had a misfit dislocation component. The calculated strain relaxation due to the inclined TDs was in close agreement with the values determined from XRD. We propose that the TD line redirection was promoted by the Si-induced surface roughness.
Title Isopycnal eddy mixing across the Kuroshio Extension : Stable versus unstable states in an eddying model Permalink

The Kuroshio Extension (KE) jet transitions between stable and unstable states on interannual time scales. Cross-jet eddy mixing in the two states is contrasted in the KE region (28 240 N; 125 2165 E), using a global eddying 0:1 configuration of the Parallel Ocean Program with online numerical particles. The 4 year period chosen (June 1994 to May 1998) covers a full cycle of the stable state, unstable state and the transition period. Large values of cross-jet eddy diffusivities within the KE jet are concentrated in the upper 1000 m. In the upper ocean, elevated cross-jet mixing within the KE jet is mainly concentrated in the downstream part of the KE jet, where the jet is weak but eddy activity is strong. The simulated time-mean KE jet is more intense and extends further east in the stable state than in the unstable state. Consequently, strong cross-jet mixing within the KE jet is located west of 150 E during June 1996 to May 1997 (a typical unstable state), but east of 150 E during June 1995 to May 1996 (a typical stable state). However, average mixing within the KE jet is indistinguishable in the typical stable and unstable states. In the deep ocean, mixing is strongly influenced by topography, and thus their horizontal structures have less inter-annual variability than in the upper ocean. One caveat is that results here cover one representative cycle of the two states. To obtain the climate mean mixing structures for the stable or unstable state, one would need numerical output covering a period much longer than 4 years.
Managerial overconfidence, moral hazard problems, and excessive life-cycle debt sensitivity

We analyse the effects of managerial overconfidence on financing decisions and firm value when investors face managerial moral hazard. We consider two cases. In the first case, the manager may have an incentive to exert an inefficiently low level of effort in running the business (‘managerial shirking’). The manager may issue high debt as a commitment device (the increase in expected financial distress drives him to a higher effort level). An overconfident manager overestimates his ability, and underestimates financial distress costs. Therefore, our first model predicts a positive relationship between overconfidence and debt. However, the effect of overconfidence on firm value is ambiguous, and depends which factor (the positive effect of higher effort, or the negative effect of higher debt and higher expected financial distress) dominates. In the second case, the manager has an incentive to use free cash flow to invest in a new pet project that may be value-reducing (the free cash flow problem). In contrast to the first case, overconfidence may result in a decrease in debt (the rational manager knows that the new project is value-reducing and uses high debt to commit not to invest in it, while the overconfident manager perceives the new project as value-increasing, and reduces debt in order to make the investment). Again, the
Matching the availability of N mineralised from green-manure crops with the N-demand of field vegetables.

This work assesses the possibilities of reducing N-losses from green-manure crops in cropping systems with iceberg lettuce and leek, by matching the availabilty of N mineralised from green.manure crops with N-demand of field vegetables. The influence of the choice of green-manure species (A), combination of species (B) and time of incorporation (C) was examined by analysing the temporal pattern of N-mineralisation from green-manures, and the N-uptake and root growth of the vegetable crops. In one of two field experiments, the effect of autumn and spring incorporated Persian clover, white clover and yellow-sweet clover was examined (A, C). In the other field experiment, the effect of inter-row red clover strips incorporated at different times during the cropping period was investigated (B). Net N-mineralisation from a mixture of perennial ryegrass and red clover was evaluated in an incubation experiment (C). Uptake of N by perennial green-manure species kept N protected in the green-manure tissues until incorporation into soil and thus prepared the way for a match between N- availability and N-demand. The amount of N incorporated differed with green-manure species. However, because the chemical composition influenced the percentage of N mineralised, no effect of species could be observed in the temporal pattern of N- mineralisation or crop yields. Different combinations of species in the incubation experiment and time of incorporation in the field did, however, influence the temporal pattern of N-mineralisation. Combining red clover with rye grass resulted in net N- immobilisation followed by a net N-mineralisation rate that temporarily exceeded that of clover alone. However, a similar pattern was not observed when inter-row red clover strips of different ages were incorporated into the soil. The change in temporal pattern of N-mineralisation from red clover was instead proportional to the intervals with which the red clover strips were incorporated. This synchronisation effect was counteracted by uptake and transfer of N in crop rows by the clover strips between rows. In treatments with the latest time of incorporation the competition between the vegetable crop and clover strips together with low intensity and lateral spread of vegetable roots contributed to low N-upta
Evidence of Pressure Waves in Confined Laser Ablation

The selective laser structuring of thin molybdenum films from the glass substrate side using ultra-short laser pulses displays a by up to a factor of 10 higher ablation efficiency compared to the direct laser ablation from the film side. Moreover, holes can be created without burrs, melt formations or micro cracks. A recent simulation of the glass side ablation process, also known as confined laser ablation, suggests that the laser-matter interaction in the molybdenum leads to a confined ultrafast thermal expansion during heating and melting, which generates a pressure wave that causes the metal film to bulge. However, this model disagrees with the general understanding that the confinement of an expanding gas is the driving ablation mechanism. In order to verify this new model, a pump-probe microscopy setup is utilized to investigate the propagation of a pressure wave in the glass substrate. The results show that pressure waves can be detected already at fluences that are not sufficient for evaporation and that they are generated during heating and melting. These observations support the model of ultrafast thermal expansion during heating and melting generating a pressure wave that causes the metal film to bulge.
Determinants of Inequality in Cameroon: A Regression-Based Decomposition Analysis

This paper applies the regression-based inequality decomposition approach to explore determinants of income inequality in Cameroon using the 2007 Cameroon household consumption survey. The contribution of each source to measured income inequality is the sum of its weighted marginal contributions in all possible configurations of sources as sanctioned by the Shapley value decomposition rule. Regressed-income sources attributable to education, health, urban residency, household size, fraction of active household members, working in the formal sector and farmland ownership are the main determinants of household income inequality in that order. These results have policy vocation that policy-mix that simultaneously combine efforts targeting human capital consolidation with other policy outlets will have an overall higher effectiveness for both total welfare enhancement and human capital development than when implemented alone. Keywords: Decomposition, Inequality, household Economic well-being and Cameroon BOJE: Botswana Journal of Economics, 11(15), 2-20