Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing discards in trammel net fisheries with simple modifications based on a guarding net and artificial light: contributing to marine biodiversity conservation

Experimental fishing trials with standard (control) and modified trammel nets were conducted to assess the possible reduction of discards. The standard trammel net was the commercial net used in the area (80 mm stretched mesh inner panel) targeting Sepia officinalis. This configuration produced 19% discards in weight. The modifications researched were of two kinds: a “guarding net” consisting of a 2.5-mesh-high (200 mm stretched mesh) net between the footrope and the trammel net and artificial lights of two colours (white or green) mounted on the floating ropes. Catches were identified, measured and categorized (commercial, discards and reason for discarding), and the different configurations were tested for statistical differences. Our results show that trammel net deployments with guarding net produce 32% higher catches of commercial species and as much as 95% higher catches of the target cuttlefish. Artificial lights produced a low but significant increase in total catches of commercial species of 13%, with no differences due to light colour. The amount of discards in deployments with guarding net was 6%, i.e. ca. 1/4 of the amount produced by the standard configuration. The effect of lights on discard reduction was not significant.
Instability of boundary equilibrium for Reaction-Diffusion system of a complex-balanced reaction network

In this paper we study the local instability to the boundary equilibria and the local stability to the positive equilibria for some chemical reaction-diffusion systems. We first analyze a three-species system with boundary equilibria in some stoichiometric classes. Then We prove the convergence to the positive equilibria for a general reversible reaction-diffusion network as long as the initial data is closed enough to the the positive equilibria.
Numerical analysis of transcritical carbon dioxide compression cycle: a case study

This study deals with thermodynamic investigation of a refrigeration compression cycle with carbon dioxide refrigerant and two stage compression. In this paper, the effect of intercooler in the two-stage compression system at different pressures of gas cooler is investigated. In addition, the performance of one stage compression cycle and two-stage compression cycle are compared and eventually, the performance of system is investigated under the influence of the change of variables such as gas cooler pressure, isentropic efficiency of the compressors, the intercooling rate between the two stages of compression, the refrigerant gas cooler outlet temperature is examined. Due to evaporation temperature in the evaporator   10 C  and refrigeration capacity (kW) results show that the coefficient of performance in the two-stage compression with intercooler is increased compared to the single-stage compression cycle.
The age–velocity dispersion relation of the Galactic discs from LAMOST–Gaia data

We present the age-velocity dispersion relation (AVR) in three dimensions in the solar neighbourhood using 3,564 commonly observed sub-giant/red-giant branch stars selected from LAMOST, which gives the age and radial velocity, and \emph{Gaia}, which measures the distance and proper motion. The stars are separated into metal-poor (${\rm [Fe/H] -0.2}$\,dex) groups, so that the metal-rich stars are mostly $\alpha$-poor, while the metal-poor group are mostly contributed by $\alpha$-enhanced stars. Thus, the old and metal-poor stars likely belong to the chemically defined thick disc population, while the metal-rich sample is dominated by the thin disc. The AVR for the metal-poor sample shows an abrupt increase at $\gtrsim7$\,Gyr, which is contributed by the thick disc component. On the other hand, most of the thin disc stars with ${\rm [Fe/H]>-0.2}$\,dex display a power-law like AVR with indices of about 0.3--0.4 and 0.5 for the in-plane and vertical dispersions, respectively. This is consistent with the scenario that the disc is gradually heated by the spiral arms and/or the giant molecular clouds. Moreover, the older thin disc stars ($>7$\,Gyr) have a rounder velocity ellipsoid, i.e. $\sigma_\phi/\sigma_{\rm z}$ is close to 1.0, probably due to the more efficient heating in vertical direction. Particularly for the old metal-poor sample located with $|z|>270$\,pc, the vertical dispersion is even larger than its azimuthal counterpart. Finally, the vertex deviations and the tilt angles are plausibly around zero with large uncertainties.
13th Computer Control for Water Industry Conference, CCWI 2015 Household Water Consumption: Insight from a Survey in Greece and Poland

Determining the behavior of domestic water consumers can facilitate a more proactive approach to water demand management, and serves as the foundation for the development of any intervention strategies that seek to bring about sustained and substantial reductions in domestic water consumption. As part of the European Union (EU) funded project Integrated Support System for Efficient Water Usage and Resources Management (ISS-EWATUS), a household water consumption survey was administered to address the question of how water was used within the home in the EU. The survey was distributed by the University of Thessaly in Greece, and the Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas in Poland. This paper represents the research output of the survey, including the analysis of three major elements pertinent to the behavior of domestic water consumers: end use behaviors; socio- demographic and property characteristics; and psychosocial constructs such as attitudes and beliefs.
Continued-4 420 AN ANALYSIS OF THE STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIOUS METALS PRICES AND OTHER MONETARY POLICY VARIABLESAND INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

This study looked at the statistical relationship between precious metals prices, oil prices, money supply, interest rates and exchange ratesandinflation. It particularly looked at how inflation was influenced by these variables over time. The findings in this study were consistent with the hypothesis that the values of these variables influence inflation in the short-term and long-term. One of the findingsthat could be of interest especially for South Africa indicates that precious metalsprice changes, especially gold,could act as signals of pending changes to inflation and are also statistically related to interest rate movements. However, it was also found that the relationship between exchange rates movements during the financial crisis era between 2008 and 2010 did affect the other variables like prime, precious metals prices and oil prices which led to significant spikes in inflation. It should be emphasized that these finding of a statistical relationship is only consistent with observed data pertaining to South Africa and not proof of such behaviour prevailing in other markets. Even then, such a conclusion would require the isolation of a number of country specific behaviours and factors that may be correlated with precious metals prices, oil prices, exchange rates and interest rates and that may simultaneously affect inflation, which this study did not factor in. However, knowledge of statistical relationships can help in informing monetary policy responses and designing appropriate portfolio strategies although these findings do not provide unambiguous proof of any underlying behavioural hypothesis.
Groups of PL-homeomorphisms admitting non-trivial invariant characters

We show that several classes of groups G of PL-homeomorphisms of the real line admit non-trivial homomorphisms from G to the additive group of reals that are fixed by every automorphism of G. The classes of groups enjoying the stated property include the generalisations of Thompson's group F studied by K. S. Brown, M. Stein, S. Cleary, and Bieri-Strebel but also the class of groups investigated by Bieri-Neumann-Strebel in [BNS87, Theorem 8.1]. It follows that every automorphism of a group in one of these classes has infinitely many associated twisted conjugacy classes.
Effect of Canopy Cover of Capparis decidua Forsk. on Soil Conditions in Thal Desert

Desert shrubs have a deep root system which allows them to explore the soil minerals and moisture from deeper horizons of soil and strongly support the local dwellers’ livelihoods. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew, generally known as karir, a xerophytic, densely branched shrub, is widely found in arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan. The present study was conducted at four different sites in the Thal desert to determine the canopy effect of C. decidua on soil nutrients. Soil nutrients under the plant canopy (UC), at a distance of 150 cm away from the canopy (D150) and 300 cm away from the canopy area (D300) were determined. Data revealed that the soil nutrient status was higher in UC soils than the soils of (D150) and (D300). Levels of soil NPK in UC soil vs soils of D150 and D300 was: Nitrogen (N) = 0.49% vs 0.41% & 0.34%; Phosphorus (P) = 7.2 mg/L vs. 6.1 mg/L & 5.3 mg/L; Potassium (K) = 104 mg/L vs 91 mg/L & 83 mg/L. Similarly, soil organic matter (OM) = 1.25% vs 1.05% & 0.83%; sulphur (S) = 8.75 mg/L vs. 8.09 mg/L & 7.19 mg/L. Conversely, carbonates (CO3), Bicarbonates (HCO3), and pH were lowest in UC soil, as values of CO3 , HCO3 and pH in UC soil were < D150 < D300. The noted values of CO3 in UC soil (0.52 meq/L) < D150 soils (0.67 meq/L) < D300 soils (0.94 meq/L); HCO3 in UC soil (42.80 meq/L) < D150 soils (45.85 meq/L) < D300 soils (53.10 meq L-1); pHin UC soil (7.19) < D150 soils (7.26) < D300 soils (7.41) explained well this pattern. It was concluded that C. decidua improved the nutrient deprived sandy soils by enhancing the soil nutrient level.
An investigation into the mediating influence of consumer expertise on the antecedents and consequences of affect within professional service markets

This study examines the mediating influence of consumer expertise on the antecedents and consequences of Affect within a professional services market context. Whilst there is increasing evidence to suggest an empirical link between Affect evoked and satisfaction within such contexts, previous research has largely ignored the role of consumer expertise as a mediating influence. Using a scenario based approach, the objective of the study was to test for multigroup invariance among competing structural models based on the ability of the respondents to form expectation and performance assessments about the service they are receiving. The results indicate that it is important to examine different levels of consumer expertise in detail to better understand how certain characteristics such as experience and qualifications influence the priority and functionality attached to service attributes when making satisfaction judgments within a professional service context. This may in turn have broader implications for our contextual understanding of services.
KEY WORDS (Times New Roman, 12 Points, Capital, Bold; Style: Titre1)

Water loss through leaking pipes is inexorable in water distribution networks (WDNs) and has been recognized as a major challenge facing the operation of municipal water services. This is strongly linked with financial costs due to economic loss, environmental issues, and water resource savings. Water distribution systems are complex in nature with a large number of pipes. Therefore, monitoring long-range pipelines for leaks is a challenging task. This problem is aggravated when there are simultaneous leakages at various points in more than one pipe in the networks. Consequently, there is an urgent industrial need for a reliable approach to provide the capabilities for loss reduction through the detection of leaking pipes in WDNs. Nevertheless, a large number of techniques for detecting leakages have been proposed in the literature. These methods include the use of acoustic correlation techniques, measurements and statistical analysis of the abrupt changes in pressure at the leak points, and the transient based approach to mention but a few. However, their performance in detecting background leakage is quite low. In WDNs, background leakage is often hidden, small, and continuous, posing the biggest threat to water utilities. Therefore, its detection and estimation is vital for effective water service. For effective detection of background leakages, a hydraulic analysis of flow characteristics in water piping networks is indispensable for appraising such type of leakage. A leakage detection algorithm incorporating the hydraulic model of flow in water piping networks should prove worthwhile in detecting and estimating background type leakages. In this work, a leakage detection algorithm integrating the hydraulic model of the flow in water piping networks is proposed. The hydraulic model takes into account some important parameters of pipes such as pipe deterioration due to ageing, which was not considered in previous leakage detection studies. The deterioration in pipe materials and changes in its diameters over time can lead to unsatisfactory results. Furthermore, in large-scale networks, most leakage detection algorithms only cover a specific area such as the district meter areas (DMAs) of the network. The authors are optimistic that the proposed algorithm for solving network leakage outflow will help improve the leakage detection accuracy while providing the capability to cover a wide area in the large-scale water piping networks.
Growth and the poor: a comment on Dollar and Kraay

In a recent paper Dollar and Kraay come to sweeping conclusions about economic growth and the poor. On the basis of the empirical work they assert that standard World Bank and IMF policy packages are good for the poor. This critique demonstrates that (i) the empirical work is based on theoretically unsound equations; (ii) the data are seriously flawed; and (iii) the policy variables are not defined appropriately and are tested in an inconsistent manner. These problems imply that the policy conclusions of the authors are unsafe.
Orchestrating coordination: Reducing rework in complex product development

Rework is a persistent problem in many complex product development projects. Major strategies that have been proposed to reduce rework in complex product development projects are reducing the task interdependencies, i.e., modularizing the design, and improving the communication between participating engineers, i.e., co-locating them and encouraging collaboration. Yet, some recent industrial projects could not follow either strategy due to external constraints, with dramatic negative consequences for product development performance. Building on these observations, we develop a simulation game to test various strategies to mitigate the detrimental misalignment effects when a complex product with an integral product architecture is developed by multiple firms forming a modular supply chain. Our simulation experiments replicate system behavior observed in real systems with much higher levels of complexity, and revised strategies using faster information sharing, and temporary acceptance of suboptimal partial solutions show a significant product development performance improvement. We discuss implications for research and practice in the management of complex product development projects.
Estimates of ikaite export from sea ice to the underlying seawater in a seaice–seawater mesocosm

Abstract. The precipitation of ikaite and its fate within sea ice is still poorly understood. We quantify temporal inorganic carbon dynamics in sea ice from initial formation to its melt in a sea ice–seawater mesocosm pool from 11 to 29 January 2013. Based on measurements of total alkalinity (TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), the main processes affecting inorganic carbon dynamics within sea ice were ikaite precipitation and CO2 exchange with the atmosphere. In the underlying seawater, the dissolution of ikaite was the main process affecting inorganic carbon dynamics. Sea ice acted as an active layer, releasing CO2 to the atmosphere during the growth phase, taking up CO2 as it melted and exporting both ikaite and TCO2 into the underlying seawater during the whole experiment. Ikaite precipitation of up to 167 µmol kg−1 within sea ice was estimated, while its export and dissolution into the underlying seawater was responsible for a TA increase of 64–66 µmol kg−1 in the water column. The export of TCO2 from sea ice to the water column increased the underlying seawater TCO2 by 43.5 µmol kg−1, suggesting that almost all of the TCO2 that left the sea ice was exported to the underlying seawater. The export of ikaite from the ice to the underlying seawater was associated with brine rejection during sea ice growth, increased vertical connectivity in sea ice due to the upward percolation of seawater and meltwater flushing during sea ice melt. Based on the change in TA in the water column around the onset of sea ice melt, more than half of the total ikaite precipitated in the ice during sea ice growth was still contained in the ice when the sea ice began to melt. Ikaite crystal dissolution in the water column kept the seawater pCO2 undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere in spite of increased salinity, TA and TCO2 associated with sea ice growth. Results indicate that ikaite export from sea ice and its dissolution in the underlying seawater can potentially hamper the effect of oceanic acidification on the aragonite saturation state (Ωaragonite) in fall and in winter in ice-covered areas, at the time when Ωaragonite is smallest.
Multiple magnetic clouds: Several examples during March-April 2001

[1] Multiple magnetic cloud (Multi-MC), which is formed by the overtaking of successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is a kind of complex structure in interplanetary space. Multi-MC is worthy of notice due to its special properties and potential geoeffectiveness. Using the data from the ACE spacecraft, we identify the three cases of Multi-MC in the period from March to April 2001. Some observational signatures of Multi-MC are concluded: (1) Multi-MC only consists of several magnetic clouds and interacting regions between them; (2) each subcloud in Multi-MC is primarily satisfied with the criteria of isolated magnetic cloud, except that the proton temperature is not as low as that in typical magnetic cloud due to the compression between the subclouds; (3) the speed of solar wind at the rear part of the front subcloud does not continuously decrease, rather increases because of the overtaking of the following subcloud; (4) inside the interacting region between the subclouds, the magnetic field becomes less regular and its strength decreases obviously, and (5) b value increases to a high level in the interacting region. We find out that two of three Multi-MCs are associated with the great geomagnetic storms (Dst �� 200 nT), which indicate a close relationship between the Multi-MCs and some intense geomagnetic storms. The observational results imply that theMulti-MC is possibly another type of the interplanetary origin of the large geomagnetic storm, though not all of them have geoeffectiveness. Based on the observations from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and GOES, the solar sources (CMEs) of these Multi-MCs are identified. We suggest that such successive halo CMEs are not required to be originated from a single solar region. Furthermore, the relationship between Multi-MC and complex ejecta is analyzed, and some similarities and differences between them are discussed. INDEX TERMS: 2111 Interplanetary Physics: Ejecta, driver gases, and magnetic clouds; 1739 History of Geophysics: Solar/planetary relationships; 7513 Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy: Coronal mass ejections; 2788 Magnetospheric Physics: Storms and substorms; KEYWORDS: multiple magnetic clouds, coronal mass ejections, geomagnetic storms, interaction, interplanetary space
Number 10 / 48 Possible role of differential growth in airway wall remodeling in asthma by

Airway remodeling in patients with chronic asthma is characterized by a thickening of the airway walls. It has been demonstrated in previous theoretical models that this change in thickness can have an important mechanical effect on the properties of the wall, in particular on the phenomenon of mucosal folding induced by smooth muscle contraction. In this paper, we present a model for mucosal folding of the airway in the context of growth. The airway is modeled as a bi-layered cylindrical tube, with both geometric and material nonlinearities accounted for via the theory of finite elasticity. Growth is incorporated into the model through the theory of morphoelasticity. We explore a range of growth possibilities, allowing for anisotropic growth as well as different growth rates in each layer. Such nonuniform growth, referred to as differential growth, can change the properties of the material beyond geometrical changes through the generation of residual stresses. We demonstrate that differential growth can have a dramatic impact on mucosal folding, in particular on the critical pressure needed to induce folding, the buckling pattern, as well as airway narrowing. We conclude that growth may be an important component in airway remodeling. keywords: mucosal folding, chronic asthma, growth, elasticity, instability Corresponding author
Modeling the Influence of Temperature-dependent Thermal Properties on the Freezing Front

Although numerical methods enable comprehensive analyses of food freezing, a thorough quantification is lacking the effects on the process introduced by uncertainties in variable thermal properties. Analytical models are, however, more suitable tools to perform such calculations. We aim to quantify these effects by developing a solution to the freezing front (FF) problem subject to temperature-dependent thermal properties and one-dimensional convective cooling. The heat integral balance method, Kirchhoff's transformation, and Plank's cooled-surface temperature equation (as a seed function) enabled us to obtain an approximate solution to the FF penetration time. To optimize model accuracy, two adjustable parameters were correlated with the inputs via nonlinear regression referenced to numerical simulation FF data. The mapped sensitivities, generated by perturbations in the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and effective heat capacity, undergo rapid nonlinear changes for Biot numbers below 6. Above this level, these sensitivities stabilize depending on the cooling medium temperature and a thermal conductivity parameter. The median thermal conductivity-driven sensitivity is 0.348 and its interquartile range (IQR) is 0.220 to 0.425, whereas the median latent heat-driven sensitivity is 0.967 (IQR: 0.877 to 0.985). Statistical error measures and a ten-split K-fold validation support the model accuracy and reliability of the parameter estimates. Together, the model allows for gaining insights into the nonlinear behavior and magnitude of the influence of variable properties on the FF for a wide range of conditions. Nonlinear methods and prior information enable practical modeling of transport phenomena in foods.
A method for rapidly marking adult varroa mites for use in brood inoculation experiments

Maria J Kirrane*, Lilia I de Guzman, Thomas E Rinderer, Amanda M Frake, Jeremy Wagnitz and Padraig M Whelan School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 2 Environmental Research Institute (ERI), University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland. USDA-ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 708205502, USA.
Macromolecular effects of mitomycin C during drug induced encystment in Acanthamoeba castellanii

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.