Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of DNA markers linked to H2 locus of fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Resistance to chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris race 1 is governed by two to three genes. The DNA marker linked to H1 locus is already available. In order to identify DNA marker linked to H2 locus of wilt resistance, the recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross K 850 (late wilting) x WR-315 (resistant), segregating for only H2 locus were utilized. The recombinant inbred lines showed 1:1 segregation for late wilting and resistance. Seventy-nine random oligonucleotide primers of 10 to 11 base pairs were used to study the polymorphism in parents. The primer A07C amplifies an extra band of 417 bp in susceptible parent and co-segregate in susceptible bulk. The DNA marker A07C417 showed monogenic segregation ratio of 1:1 in the recombinant inbred lines. The linkage analysis indicated that the A07417 Cmarker is linked to H2 locus and susceptibility and were separated by 21.7 centi Morgan (cM). The RILs of another cross JG-62 x WR-315 segregate for both H1 and H2 loci; consequently the DNA markers linked to H1 and H2 also showed independent segregation in the RILs of a cross JG-62 x WR-315. The A07C417 marker was also found linked to H2 locus of wilt susceptibility in differentgenotypes tested.The DNA marker A07C417 showed linkage with H2 locus across genetic backgrounds. The identification of DNA markers linked to both H1 and H2 of wilt resistance will facilitate marker-assisted selection and pyramiding of resistance genes to susceptible varieties.
The Effects of Trust, Commitment and Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty in the Distribution Sector

The main goal of this investigation is to demonstrate the main effects of trust, commitment and customer satisfaction on loyalty with a sample of customers from the distribution sector in Portugal. The results showed that trust has a positive and direct effect on commitment, also trust has a positive and direct effect on satisfaction, commitment has a positive and direct effect on loyalty and satisfaction has a positive and direct effect on loyalty, thus it ś important for this companies the improvement of responsibility, development of team skills, empowering employees and the company in a sense to fulfil commitments and performing the co-creation of value.
Unhealthy retirement? Evidence of occupation heterogeneity

We investigate the causal effect of retirement on health and cognitive abilities by exploiting the variation between and within European countries in old age retirement rules. We show negative and significant effect of retirement on both health and cognitive abilities. We also show evidence of significant heterogeneity across occupational groups. In particular, the negative effect of retirement disappears and turn to be even positive for those working in very physically demanding jobs.
INflUeNCe Of eNvIRONmeNTal faCTORs ON jOb saTIsfaCTION IN malaysIaN aUTOmOTIve INDUsTRIes

A relationship between selected environmental factors and job satisfaction was developed for employees in the automotive industries in Malaysia. Methods in developing the relationship include questionnaire design, data collection and statistical analysis. A set of multiple-choice questionnaires was developed and data collected by interviewing the employees at the production plant. One hundred and seventy male subjects between the ages of 18 to 40 years with a mean age of 26.8 and SD of 5.3 years and mean work experience of 6.5 and SD of 4.9 years took part in the survey. The survey focused on selected environmental factors and job satisfaction. The results showed that job environment factors were significantly related to job satisfaction. Further, they also highlighted that there were significant influences of age, work experience and marital status on job satisfaction. This implied that the older, married and more experienced workers were highly satisfied with their work compare to the younger, single and less experienced workers.
Proximate Analysis of a commercial Morinda citrifolia juice and a Popular blackcurrant fruit Juice commonly used by Athletes in Nigeria

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate composition of the Morinda citrifolia juice and the blackcurrant juice used for supplementation on the performance of university athletes. The study compared the ergogenic effects of both juices. The blackcurrant juice was used as a placebo drink in a double-blind trial because it is indistinguishable from Morinda citrifolia juice in colour, flavor and taste. Morinda citrifolia and placebo juices were subjected to proximate analysis. The standard procedures of AOAC (2003) were followed to analyze the proximate composition and mineral analysis. The caloric value was calculated from crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, moisture and ash content. The results revealed that Morinda citrifolia juice revealed that Morinda citrifolia contained ash (1.14%), crude protein (0.13%), crude fat (0.24%), crude fiber (1.677%); moisture (87.91%), crude carbohydrate (61.66%), fructose (3.8g/100ml), glucose (3.5g/100ml), sucrose (<0.1g/100ml), specific gravity (1.250g/dm 3 ) and a pH value of 5.17. While the popular blackcurrant juice used as placebo drink revealed that it contained ash (0.093%), crude protein (0.09%), crude fat (0.02%), crude fiber (0.0%); moisture (36.20%), crude carbohydrate (10.80%), fructose (1.2g/100ml), glucose (1.0g/100ml), sucrose (<0.1g/100ml), specific gravity (1.018g/dm 3 ) and a pH value of 4.76. It further showed that Morinda citrifolia juice has higher amounts of protein and dietary fibre than the placebo juice. It also showed that Morinda citrifolia juice has higher carbohydrate, fructose and glucose content than the placebo juice. This study concluded that the tested Morinda citrifolia juice contained highest amount of carbohydrate and moisture compared to the placebo drink. The pH values of the tested drinks fall outside the range that incidentally favours bacterial growth. (Anugweje Kc. Proximate Analysis of a commercial Morinda citrifolia juice and a Popular blackcurrant fruit Juice commonly used by Athletes in Nigeria. Academ Arena 2014;6(12):14-18). (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub. net/academia . 3
Does file sharing reduce music CD sales?: A case of Japan

File sharing systems such as Napster and KaZaA are accused by the recording industry of causing declines in sales of music CDs, and recently users of these systems are under lawsuit attack. However, there is not sufficient evidence that file sharing systems are responsible for the recent decline in music CD sales. Two previous studies examined micro data of sales and downloads and found mixed results regarding the connection between file sharing and CD sales (Blackburn, 2004; Oberholzer and Strumpf, 2004). The current essay estimated the effect of file sharing systems on music CD sales using micro data from Japan in 2004. Japan's file sharing system ("Winny") is almost completely decentralized and highly anonymous compared with ones addressed in the two previous studies, thus Japanese users can download music files with less concern about lawsuits. The goal of this research is to examine the effect of file sharing on music CD sales in such an illegal-copy-friendly file sharing system. Based on micro data of CD sales and numbers of downloads, we found that there was very little evidence that file sharing reduces music CD sales in Japan. We controlled simultaneous bias between sales and downloads by instrumental variables, but did not find correlation between CD sales and numbers of downloads. Although there were large differences in the numbers of downloads among CD titles, these differences did not affect CD sales. We also carried out a user survey on file sharing and CD purchases with consideration to the potential bias of respondents trying to understate their illegal copying activity. This survey also showed that file sharing had very limited influence on CD purchases.
Epidemiologia das helmintoses gastrintestinais de ovinos no Planalto Catarinense

This work was developed for proposing a control strategy of sheep helminthes in the Santa Catarina Plateau. The prevalence, intensity and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal and pulmonary helminths in three farms of Lages, Sao Joaquim, and Campos Novos in Santa Catarina State, Brazil were assessed. Monthly, three tracer lambs were used by property. They had been previously housed for 30 days and suppressively treated by anthelmintics with different active ingredients followed by weekly parasitological examinations to assure the total elimination of parasitic infection. After this, they were taken back to their respective farms, where they grazed for 28 days and housed again for another 20 days. After this period, they were sacrificed for estimating the total worm burden, and 10% of abomasum and small intestine material was sampled as well as all the helminthes from the large intestine and the lungs. The heaviest Haemonchus contortus infection was registered from October to March. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei had increased rates through the experimental years, showing the peak from May to October of 1999. The most prevailing species in the abomasum were H. contortus (100%), T. axei (98.7%), T. colubriformis (1.3%), Teladorsagia circumcincta (100%) and Ostertagia ostertagi (100%); in the small intestine: T. colubriformis (100%), Cooperia punctata (69.1%), C. pectinata (18.4%), C. curticei (6.9%), C. oncophora (4.8%), C. spatulata (0.8%) and Nematodirus spathiger (100%). In the large intestine: Oesophagostomum venulosum (100%) and Trichuris ovis (100%). No worms were detected in the lungs.
Modelling the baryon cycle in low-mass galaxy encounters: the case of NGC 4490 and NGC 4485

Discoveries of low mass galaxy pairs and groups are increasing. Studies indicate that dwarf galaxy pairs are gas rich in the field and exhibit elevated star formation rates, suggestive of interactions. Lacking are dynamical models of observed dwarf galaxy pairs to disentangle the physical processes regulating their baryon cycles. We present new optical data and the first detailed theoretical model of an observed tidal encounter between two isolated low mass galaxies, NGC 4490 & NGC 4485. This system is an isolated analog of the Magellanic Clouds and is surrounded by a ~50 kpc extended HI envelope. We use hybrid $N$-body and test-particle simulations along with a visualization interface $Identikit$ to simultaneously reproduce the observed present-day morphology and kinematics. Our results demonstrate how repeated encounters between two dwarf galaxies can "park" baryons at very large distances, without the aid of environmental effects. Our best match to the data is an 8:1 mass ratio encounter where a one-armed spiral is induced in the NGC 4490-analog, which we postulate explains the nature of diffuse starlight presented in the new optical data. We predict that the pair will fully merge in ~370 Myr, but that the extended tidal features will continue to evolve and return to the merged remnant over ~5 Gyr. This pre-processing of baryons will affect the efficiency of gas stripping if such dwarf pairs are accreted by a massive host. In contrast, in isolated environments this study demonstrates how dwarf-dwarf interactions can create a long-lived supply of gas to the merger remnant.
Word recognition, uniqueness or deviation? : a theoretical note

The structure and distribution of entries in the lexicon impose strong constraints on word recognition. A construct of value in operationalizing such constraints is that of uniqueness point Computed by reference to a phonetic dictionary, it is the earliest moment at which a word can be uniquely distinguished from all others in terms of a sequential phoneme by phoneme comparison. There is empirical evidence that the uniqueness point bears a close relationship to the recognition point, the moment at which a word can actually be recognized on the basis of incoming acoustic information. In reality, recognition depends upon noisy and unreliable acoustic information, making categorial phonetic decisions difficult, and the value of a uniqueness point, questionable. Minimal deviation is proposed as a new construct to represent the extent of mismatch between a given word and the closest non-identical word in the lexicon. A computer analysis of a large phonetic dictionary shows that on average minimal deviation increases almost constantly with stimulus input subsequent to the uniqueness point. This simulation suggests that the empirical success of the uniqueness point as an indicator of word recognition performance may be accounted for by this subsequent increase in deviation in addition to the single mismatch at the uniqueness point itself
The generation effect and word learning: a test of the effect of the language experience approach versus the text approach in the acquisition of new reading vocabulary

A class of twenty-two grade one children was tested to determine their reading levels using the Stanford Diagnostic Reading Achievement Test. Based on these results and teacher input the students were paired according to reading ability. The students ages ranged from six years four months to seven years four months at the commencement of the study. Eleven children were assigned to the language experience group and their partners became the text group. Each member of the language experience group generated a list of eight to be learned words. The treatment consisted of exposing the student to a given word three times per session for ten sessions, over a period of five days. The dependent variables consisted of word identification speed, word identification accuracy, and word recognition accuracy. Each member of the text group followed the same procedure using his/her partner's list of words. Upon completion of this training, the entire process was repeated with members of the text group from the first part becoming members of the language experience group and vice versa. The results suggest that generally speaking language experience words are identified faster than text words but that there is no difference in the rate at which these words are learned. Language experience words may be identified faster because the auditory-semantic information is more readily available in them than in text words. The rate of
Susceptibility of Deinked Waste Paper Mass to Peroxide Bleaching

Secondary fibres are valuable feedstock for the paper industry, constituting about one third of the total amount of raw materials used, which is due to favourable prices, when com- pared to primary fibrous pulp, and as a result of waste paper recycling promotion in many European countries. The bleaching of waste paper mass is economically important and technically quite complicated since mechanical pulp of varying compositions are processed. The results presented of trials performed show how the effect of hydrogen peroxide can be enhanced by employing proper activators and other peroxy compounds like peracetic acid in the bleaching of deinked pulp (DIP) from mixed office waste (MOW). The bleaching ac - tion of the hydrogen peroxide and other peroxy compounds was intensified under the shield of stabilisers and adequate process conditions preventing excessive decomposition of the peroxide and deterioration of useful properties of the bleached waste paper pulp. The use of hydrogen peroxide and peroxide derivatives in the bleaching of MOW resulted in an effective brightness increase by several percent.
Functional diversity research of tree and shrub layers in forest communities of the Wulu Mountains Nature Reserve in Shanxi, China

Functional diversity has been a hot topic in biodiversity research in recent years. addresses a wide range of important ecological questions while linking species and ecosystems through mechanisms such as complementary resource use and mutualism. Understanding plant functional diversity as a component of biodiversity is important understanding the link between ecosystem function and biodiversity. However, the concept itself remains rather ambiguous because of questions that remain related to defining, measuring, and assessing the performance of functional diversity. In view of the extensive literature on this topic, we systematically define functional diversity and subsequently introduce and compare six methods of measuring functional diversity. We selected 13 functional traits of various species: seed dispersal, pollination methods, plant height, coverage, vegetation type (such as herb, shrub, or tree), leaf shape, blade hardness, length of the flowering period, flowering period, fruit type, fruit shape, fruit ripening period, vegetation was stabbed. We used measures of thse traits to calculate six functional diversity indices: functional attribute diversity, modified functional attribute diversity, convex hull hyper鄄volume, functional evenness, quadratic entropy, and functional dispersion, combined with a community species richness indexthe Shannon鄄Wiener index and a species evenness index. unctional diversity of tree and shrub layers studied in the Wulu Mountains National Nature Reserve in Shanxi, China. The study had two goals: to explore the relationship between species and functional diversity and to analyze characteristics of currently used functional diversity
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHENOTYPIC SEXUAL CHARACTERS AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS IN FOUR STRAINS OF COCKS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

A study was carried out to evaluate the secondary sexual characteristics of four strains of cocks, comprising of two (2) exotics; Bovan Nera Black (BNB) and Isa Brown (ISB), one (1) improved local strain, Shika Brown (SB) and one (1) unimproved local strain, normal feathered cock (NFC). A total of 64 birds (16 for each strain) at 36, 38, 40 and 42 weeks were used for the study. The result indicated that shank length, comb length, comb width, wattle length and wattle width were all significantly (P<0.001) affected by strains, with the exotic strains being superior to the local cocks. Age × strain interactions were also found to be significant. Phenotypic correlations between the secondary sexual characters were found to be significantly high and positive. The correlation between the secondary sexual characters and semen characteristics showed that shank length, wattle length and width, comb length and width had a positive correlation with semen volume (r=0.123, 0.335, 0.195 and 0.408 and 0.348 P<0.01), total sperm count (r=0.202, 0.300, 0.188, 0.403 and 0.320 P<0.05) and normal sperm (r=0.175, 0.143, 0.026, 0.155 and 0.065 P<0.05) respectively. Shank length has a positive correlation with sperm motility (0.010) and dead sperm (0.026), but a negative correlation with live spermatozoa. The result of this study shows a considerable similarity among the strains of cocks with respect to secondary sexual traits. Therefore, it may be inferred from this study that length of shank, comb and wattle are good predictors of semen attributes in male chickens. Selecting cocks with larger shank length, comb and wattle size can improve the semen quality and subsequently, results to higher fertility.
The Perron-Frobenius Theorem for Multihomogeneous Mappings

The Perron-Frobenius theory for nonnegative matrices has been generalized to order-preserving homogeneous mappings on a cone and more recently to nonnegative multilinear forms. We unify both approaches by introducing the concept of order-preserving multi-homogeneous mappings, their associated nonlinear spectral problems and spectral radii. We show several Perron-Frobenius type results for these mappings addressing existence, uniqueness and maximality of nonnegative and positive eigenpairs. We prove a Collatz-Wielandt principle and other characterizations of the spectral radius and analyze the convergence of iterates of these mappings towards their unique positive eigenvectors. On top of providing a remarkable extension of the nonlinear Perron-Frobenius theory to the multi-dimensional case, our contribution poses the basis for several improvements and a deeper understanding of the current spectral theory for nonnegative tensors. In fact, in recent years, important results have been obtained by recasting certain spectral equations for multilinear forms in terms of homogeneous maps, however as our approach is more adapted to such problems, these results can be further refined and improved by employing our new multi-homogeneous setting.
Learning mechanisms to account for the speed, selectivity and invariance of responses in the visual cortex

In this thesis I propose various activity-driven synaptic plasticity mechanisms that could account for the speed, selectivity and invariance of the neuronal responses in the visual cortex. Their biological plausibility is discussed. I also present the results of a relevant psychophysical experiment demonstrating that familiarity can accelerate visual processing. Beyond these results on the visual system, the studies presented here also credit the hypothesis that the brain uses the spike times to encode, decode, and process information – a theory referred to as ‘temporal coding'. In such a framework the Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity may play a key role, by detecting repeating spike patterns and by generating faster and faster responses to those patterns.
A corpus-based study of Amplifiers in American English

This study aims at exploring the most frequently used amplifiers in American English by using the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The focus is to investigate amplifiers with regard to two contextual factors known to affect the use of amplifiers: amplifier type (both maximizers and boosters) and amplifiers used to intensify adjectives as it has been shown by several studies that most amplifiers are used with adjectival heads. The sociolinguistic variable tested in this study is the difference between registers in amplifier use. To answer the present study's questions, several steps were followed. First, a pilot study was run for the whole corpus and for each register to search for the most frequently used amplifiers. Second, a list of the frequencies of the ten most frequently used amplifiers in each register was created for comparison. Third, a final list of the most frequently used amplifiers in all registers in COCA was set for further analysis. The results gained from the present study suggest that the more formality of the register increases, less intensification is used. It is also found that the more frequency increases in a register, less versatility in the use of different amplifiers is found. Furthermore, this study shows that there is a fixed pattern of boosters being most frequently used in all registers in COCA, and that very so and really are still the most prevailing boosters in American English. Finally, the genre and style of each register affect the amplifiers used, the adjectives collocating with the amplifier and the frequency of intensity and vice versa; certain amplifiers are found to be used more frequently and thus 'preferred' in certain registers and contexts over other amplifiers.