Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addressing the Problem of Indigenous Disadvantage in Remote Areas of Developed Nations: A Plea for More Comparative Research

It has been well documented that Indigenous populations in developed 'post-colonial' nations (such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States) experience disadvantage in a number of areas when compared with their non-Indigenous counterparts. Despite (or perhaps because of) a range of policy initiatives and political approaches to addressing disadvantage, there continues to be poor understandings of what 'works' and under what conditions. There is a body of literature which compares conditions, political ideas and policy initiatives across the jurisdictions, but the bases for comparison are poorly described, there is insufficient linking of research into 'ideas' with research into initiatives and their outcomes, and there is insufficient engagement of Indigenous people in the research. This paper proposes a more rigorous approach to comparative research which is based on principals of partnership with and participation of Indigenous people. We conclude that well designed participatory comparative research can not only provide new insights to old problems, but can improve Indigenous people's access to global knowledge systems.
Strong Enforcement by a Weak Authority

This paper studies the enforcement abilities of authorities with a limited commitment to punishing violators. Commitment of resources sufficient to punish only one agent is needed to enforce high compliance of an arbitrary number of agents. Though existence of other, non-compliance equilibria is generally inevitable, there exist punishment rules suitable for a limited authority to assure that compliance prevails in the long run under stochastic evolution.
FORAGING ECOLOGY OF BALD EAGLES IN A FRESHWATER TIDAL SYSTEM

Abstract We studied the summer foraging ecology of resident and migrant bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) along the lower Hudson River, New York, from 1998 to 2001. In this area the Hudson is a freshwater tidal river with 1- to 2-m tidal ranges. Eagles foraged most often in the open channel (35%), where success was lowest (68% capture rate). When compared to landscape availability, eagles foraged in tidal mudflats devoid of aquatic vegetation more often than expected, and they avoided areas of deep water (>3 m). Eagles foraged more often during ebb tides with foraging activity peaking just before low tide. Eagles avoided areas of high human activity but also preferentially selected areas of low to moderate activity. Fish were the most important source of food and comprised 91% of prey identified. Over 50% of the observed prey captures consisted of 3 species: American eel (Anguilla rostrata), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), and white catfish (Ictalurus catus). Our data indicate that unvegetated tidal mudflats that were isolated from intensive human activity provided the highest quality foraging habitat. Future loss of tidal mudflats through exotic plant invasions or shoreline development may limit eagle foraging opportunities and population growth.
Pitfalls and a Solution Procedure

This paper explores pitfalls in regression-based inequality decompositions. A simple procedure is developed for rectifying these pitfalls. The procedure does not impose any restrictions on the underlying regression model and it can be applied to any inequality measure(s). Once combined with conventional decomposition methods or the Shapley value approach of Shorrocks (1999), what is being proposed becomes a most general and powerful framework for regression-based inequality decomposition. Empirical examples are provided to demonstrate the use of the procedure, and to contrast our results with those based on recent developments of Fields and Yoo (2000) and Morduch and Sicular (2002).
Why seek forgiveness? Using expectancy, instrumentality, and valence theory

Award in Psychology. College: Liberal Arts. Program: Psychology. Course: Senior Project. Professor: Nicholas DiFonzo. Student Honor Awardees are selected by the faculty who teach courses in these areas of Liberal Arts and by the Kearse Awards Committee. Twenty-Ninth Kearse Distinguished Lecture Award Ceremony, nomination for Deborah Runke, 2009.
FSM State-Encoding for Area and Power Minimization Using Simulated Evolution Algorithm

In this paper we describe the engineering of a non-deterministic iterative heuristic [1] known as simulated evolution(SimE) to solve the well-known NP-hard state assignment problem (SAP). Each assignment of a code to a state isgiven a Goodness value derived from a matrix representation of the desired adjacency graph (DAG) proposed byAmaral et.al [2]. We use the (DAGa) proposed in previous studies to optimize the area, and propose a new DAGpand employ it to reduce the power dissipation. In the process of evolution, those states that have high Goodness havea smaller probability of getting perturbed, while those with lower Goodness can be easily reallocated. States areassigned to cells of a Karnaugh-map, in a way that those states that have to be close in terms of Hamming distanceare assigned adjacent cells. Ordered weighed average (OWA) operator proposed by Yager [3] is used to combine thetwo objectives. Results are compared with those published in previous studies, for circuits obtained from the MCNCbenchmark suite. It was found that the SimE heuristic produces better quality results in most cases, and/or in lessertime, when compared to both deterministic heuristics and non-deterministic iterative heuristics such as GeneticAlgorithm.
Gall-forming protistan parasites infect southern bull kelp across the Southern Ocean, with prevalence increasing to the south

Protistan pathogens can have devastating effects on marine plants, yet the processes that affect their distributions and infection intensities are poorly understood. Species within the brown algal genus Durvillaea are major ecosystem engineers throughout the sub-Antarctic and cold-temperate Southern Hemisphere, and a newly described genus of protistan parasite, Maullinia, was recently found infecting D. antarctica in Chile. We set out to address 3 key questions. (1) Is there evidence for trans-oceanic dispersal of Maullinia? (2) Does Maullinia infect other Durvillaea species? (3) Does infection prevalence vary throughout the hosts’ ranges? We sampled Maullinia on Durvillaea populations along coasts in Chile (D. antarctica, from 32° to 42° S: 8 sites), Australia (D. potatorum and D. amatheiae, from 36° to 38° S: 5 sites) and sub-Antarctic Marion Island (46° 53’ 47’’ S, 37° 43’ 32’’ E). We used a genetic marker (18S rRNA) to verify the presence of Maullinia on Durvillaea at all sites and visual surveys of Maullinia galls to assess infection prevalence in Chile and Australia. We confirm that Maullinia infects Australian Durvillaea species, but our results indicate that each host species is parasitised by a different Maullinia lineage. Maullinia infection prevalence increased with latitude. Longand short-distance dispersal events are inferred to have occurred based on genetic patterns. We conclude that Maullinia protists are broadly distributed and affect multiple host species, including at least 3 Durvillaea species (2 in Australia, and 1 in both Chile and Marion Island), and that environmental factors influence host susceptibility to infection.
Green building project management: obstacles and solutions for sustainable development

Article history: Received: October 1, 2016 Received in revised format: November 16, 2016 Accepted: January 7, 2017 Available online: January 19, 2017 Building sector is considered as the biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions around the world. Being green, or sustainable, is one of primary issues coming from internal/ external drivers for construction and engineering firms. The green building practice extends and supplement the traditional building design perspectives including economy, utility, durability, and comfort. This paper presents a review on recent advances dedicated on different state-of-art articles in the area of green building. The paper raises serious concern to take the necessary actions for green building development. 2017 Growing Science Ltd.
Shadows of the Captain of the Men of Death: Early Life Health Interventions, Human Capital Investments, and Institutions

We leverage introduction of the first antibiotic therapies in 1937 to examine impacts of pneumonia in infancy on adult education, employment, disability, income and income mobility, and identify large impacts on each. We then examine how racial segregation in the pre-Civil Rights Era moderated the long-run benefits of antibiotics among blacks. We find that blacks born in more segregated states reaped smaller and less pervasive long run benefits despite sharp drops in pneumonia exposure. Our findings demonstrate causal effects of early life health on economic mobility and the importance of an investment-rewarding institutional environment in realization of the full potential of a healthy start.
Growth and composition of sugarcane and chemical attributes of the soil by fertilizing with different levels of cow manure

Four months after planting sugarcane variety RB867515, fertilized with 0.0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5 and 18.0 Mg ha-1 of cow manure, there was positive linear effect of the fertilizer on plant height and stalk diameter, quadratic positive effect on width and length of the largest leaf, and no effect on number of plants m-1 linear and the number of leaves plant-1. At 10 months, there was quadratic positive effect of cow manure on plant height and no effect on number of plants, stalk diameter, width and length of the largest leaf and number of leaves plant-1. At 12 months, there was quadratic effect on the yield of green mass with the highest value on 18 Mg ha-1 of cow manure, without change on chemical composition. During the cutting time, the most pronounced effect of cow manure on sugarcane was in the yield of green mass and, therefore, up to 18 Mg ha-1 of cow manure can be used to increase sugarcane performance, without changing chemical composition and maintaining soil fertility. Key words: Agronomic characteristics, chemical analyses, organic fertilizer, residue, Saccharum spp.
Weathering Storms: Understanding the Impact of Natural Disasters on the Poor in Central America

In the past decades, natural disasters have caused substantial human and economic losses in Central America, with strong adverse impacts on gross domestic product per capita, income, and poverty reduction. This study provides a regional perspective on the impact of hurricane windstorms on socioeconomic measures in the short term. Apart from modeling the socioeconomic impact at the macro and micro levels, the study incorporates and juxtaposes data from a hurricane windstorm model categorizing three hurricane damage indexes, which lends a higher level of detail, nuance, and therefore accuracy and comprehensiveness to the study. One standard deviation in the intensity of a hurricane windstorm leads to a decrease in growth of total per capita gross domestic product of between 0.9 and 1.6 percent, and a decrease in total income and labor income by 3 percent, which in turn increases moderate and extreme poverty by 1.5 percentage points. These results demonstrate the causal relationship between hurricane windstorm impacts and poverty in Central America, producing regional evidence that could improve targeting of disaster risk management policies toward those most impacted and thus whose needs are greatest.
"Does the Customers' Educational Level Moderate Service Recovery Processes?"

Even the best companies can make mistakes. Research shows that effective management of service recovery processes boosts customer satisfaction. This paper explicitly analyses the role that consumers’ educational level may play as potential moderating factor. Based on a quantitative research which takes as reference the Spanish mobile phone sector may suggest customers with higher educational level are more demanding than customers with lower educational level in terms of effort and justice. Customers with higher educational level, after positive recovery processes, seem to be more loyal than customers with lower educational level. Our findings could potentially contribute to more effective service recovery process management if firms decide to segment customers based in the customers’ educational level.
Comparative Study of Nutritional Composition and Phytochemical Constituents of Cortinarius Species and Moringa oleifera Seed

Plants and plant resources have become the focus of researchers in the developing countries because of the high cost of imported animal feed ingredients as sources of protein. In this study, the evaluation of the nutritional values and phytochemical composition of Moringa oleifera and Cortinarius species found in a Western State in Nigeria was carried out. Proximate analysis, mineral contents, phytonutrient composition and vitamin contents were carried out according to standard methods. In proximate analysis, protein and crude fat contents were significantly higher in M. oleifera than in the Cortinarius species while the values of moisture content, crude fibre, ash content and carbohydrate were significantly higher in Cortinarius species than in the Moringa oleifera. All values of phytonutrients detected were significantly higher in M. oleifera than in Cortinarius species. There were significantly higher values of calcium, potassium, phosphorus in M. oleifera than in Cortinarius species while the values of iron and zinc vice versa. The study indicates that both Moringa oleifera and Cortinarius species can be used as feed supplements. However, the combination of both Moringa oleifera and Cortinarius species as feed supplement may serve as source of balance diet.
Heredo-Familial and Pediatric GISTs: Spot the Differences

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare sporadic tumors that typically occur late in life, although they are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs are believed to originate from the Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC), a group of cells identified in the wall of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, which act as a pace-maker for peristalsis and gut movements. However, familial and pediatric cases have also been reported.
Experimental verification of Type-II-eigenmode destabilization in the boundary layer over a compliant rotating disk

Destabilization of the Type-II eigenmode in boundary layers over compliant rotating disks was predicted theoretically by Cooper and Carpenter [J. Fluid Mech. 350, 231 (1997)]. Their results showed that for relatively low levels of compliance the Type-II eigenmode was destabilized, to be stabilized and ultimately eliminated for higher levels of compliance. The goal of the present study was to obtain the first experimental verification of the prediction that the Type-II mode can be destabilized at low levels of compliance. To this end a new type of rotating-disk apparatus was designed and a new type of material was used to produce suitable compliant walls for the experiments. Background noise in the new facility is substantially reduced in comparison with that in facilities used in related previous studies. This enabled the detection of substantially cleaner hot-film signals. Although the mean base flow remained unchanged, noise characteristics have been improved and turbulence intensities are significantly reduced. The measurements reveal not only the comparatively strong signals from the Type-I (cross-flow vortices) instability mode but also clear evidence of the Type-II eigenmode. In agreement with the theory of Cooper and Carpenter the data analysis shows that relatively low levels of wall compliance destabilize the Type-II mode.
Development of new computational methods for non-invasive brain stimulation

In this thesis, we explore the use of computational models that numerically solve the electric field during TMS and tDCS in order to improve the spatial precision of these methods. For TMS, we validate the prediction of those newly developed computational models with physiological measurements in healthy subjects as well as in brain tumor patients.
The Interplay of Legal, Temporal, and Social Defenses in the Formation of Corporate Venture Capital Relationships: It Does Take a Village (and More) to Raise a Firm

While inter-organizational network ties offer firms many benefits, ties may also expose firms to dangers such as misappropriation and exploitation by partners. Accordingly, firms may restrict dangerous tie formation to situations in which they are protected by particular defense mechanisms. Yet the identity of the main defense mechanisms, their effectiveness, and their interplay and relative strengths remain unclear. In this study, we identify and examine three key defenses: legal, temporal and social. We argue that social defenses are a superior substitute to legal defenses, and that social and temporal defenses are mutually reinforcing complements. We find strong support for our framework, along with some unexpected nuances, in the formation of over 1,200 interorganizational investment ties between entrepreneurial firms and established corporations.
Ownership Control of Foreign Affiliates: A Property Rights Theory Perspective

This paper applies property rights theory to explain changes in foreign affiliates’ ownership. Post-entry ownership change is driven by both firm-level characteristics and by the differences in the institutional environments in host countries. We distinguish between financial market development and the level of corruption as two different institutional dimensions, such that changes along these dimensions impact upon ownership change in different ways. Furthermore, we argue that changes in ownership are affected by the foreign affiliate’s relatedness with its parent’s sector, as well as by the affiliate’s maturity. We use firm level data across 125 host countries to test our hypotheses.
Production of cocoa flavored soymilk ice cream

The aim of this study was to investigate production of cocoa ice cream by using soymilk. In this study the effect of substituting soymilk instead of skim milk (the ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 soymilk to skim milk) was evaluated on chemical, physical and sensory properties of ice cream. The results showed that by increasing the substitution of soymilk the total solids, protein, pH, fat, overrun and viscosity of mixture increased but acidity and solids non-fat decreased significantly in all samples (p< 0.0001), while have no significant effect on amount of sucrose samples. All samples showed psuedoplastic behavior and viscosity of ice cream samples decreased with increasing shear rate. Finally, it was found that the viscosity of ice cream is kind of Herschel Bulkley. The results of sensory evaluation showed that adding cocoa powder (1 %) in the formulation could completely remove the beany flavor. Also soymilk replacement up to 50% does not have significant effect on flavor, texture, color and overall acceptability. According to the results, the best ratio in terms of chemical, physical and organoleptic properties is 50:50 ratio of soymilk to skim milk.
Clouds in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets - I. Climatic effects of multi-layered clouds for Earth-like planets and implications for habitable zones

The effects of multi-layered clouds in the atmospheres of Earth-like planets orbiting different types of stars are studied. The radiative effects of cloud particles are directly correlated with their wavelength-dependent optical properties. Therefore the incident stellar spectra may play an important role for the climatic effect of clouds. We discuss the influence of clouds with mean properties measured in the Earth's atmosphere on the surface temperatures and Bond albedos of Earth-like planets orbiting different types of main sequence dwarf stars.
Dealing with aversion to the sucker's payoff in public goods games

A usual explanation to low levels of contribution to public goods is the fear of getting the sucker's payoff (cooperation by the participant and defection by the other players). In order to disentangle the effect of this fear from other motives, we design a public good game where people have an insurance against getting the sucker's payoff. We show that contributions to the public good under this ‘protective' design are significantly higher and interact with expectations on other individuals' contribution to the public good. Some policy implications and extensions are suggested.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in WAEMU Countries: The Place of Electronic Communication

In order to contribute in boosting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the West African Economic Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries, this article aims to empirically establish the role of various macroeconomic determinants in attracting FDI by focusing specifically on electronic communication. The empirical estimates are based on panel data covering the period 1996-2014. These data come from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and World Development Indicators (WDI) databases. Inspired from Arellano-Bond methodology, we estimate a fixed effects model for the sake of analysis. From the results, the electronic communication appears to be non-determinant for the attraction of FDI in the WAEMU countries. This result may be explained by the considerable level of electronic communication development prevailing currently in the union. In addition, it appears that economic dynamism captured through the gross domestic product, the weight of international trade and natural resources are the current key factors for attracting FDI in the union. Moreover, the increase in government spending tends to oust FDI.
Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice No . 382 September 2009 Consumer fraud in Australia : costs , rates and awareness of the risks in 2008

Each year, many Australian individuals and businesses are defrauded by criminals based both within and outside Australia. Technology has made it relatively easy to disseminate misleading and dishonest information, with potential victims now able to be targeted on a worldwide basis. Unfortunately, there is now clear evidence that fraud costs the Australian community $8.5 billion each year (Rollings 2008) and as this paper shows, consumer fraud comprises a considerable proportion of this.
Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Review of the Available Follow-Up Modalities

Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) is among the most curable of thyroid cancers. There is, however, a risk of local and regional recurrence that must be regularly monitored for, by using a variety of followup modalities. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment of WDTC, in addition to discussing the various available follow-up modalities such as: measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) by either thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) stimulation; I131 whole body scanning (WBS); ultrasound (US) examination; additional diagnostic procedures including chest X-ray (CXR), non-contrast Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Tc-99m bone scans; and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). Through detailed discussion of the available follow-up methods, we conclude that conservative therapy (lobectomy plus isthmectomy) requires clinical examination, neck ultrasound, in addition to other imaging studies such as CT or MRI for follow-up; while total or near-total thyroidectomy with post-surgical ablation is best monitored using periodic measurement of Tg levels (in patients with no anti-Tg antibodies) by thyroid hormone withdrawal or rhTSH. For patients positive for anti-Tg antibodies, a new diagnostic tool ‐ rt-PCR ‐ may be warranted.