Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of TTX‐sensitive and TTX‐resistant sodium currents in small cells from adult rat dorsal root ganglia.

1. The whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique was used to investigate the characteristics of two types of sodium current (INa) recorded at room temperature from small diameter (13‐25 microns) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, isolated from adult rats and maintained overnight in culture. 2. Sodium currents were isolated pharmacologically. Internal Cs+ and external tetraethylammonium (TEA) ions were used to suppress potassium currents. A combination of internal EGTA, internal F‐, a low (10 microM) concentration of external Ca2+ and a relatively high (5 mM) concentration of internal and external Mg2+ was used to block calcium channels. The remaining voltage‐dependent currents reversed direction at the calculated sodium equilibrium potential. Both the reversal potential and magnitude of the currents exhibited the expected dependence on the external sodium concentration. 3. INa subtypes were characterized initially in terms of their sensitivity to tetrodotoxin (TTX). TTX‐sensitive (TTXs) currents were at least 97% suppressed by 0.1 microM TTX. TTX‐resistant (TTXr) INa were recorded in the presence of 0.3 microM TTX and appeared to be reduced in amplitude by less than 50% in 75 microM TTX (n = 1). 4. As in earlier studies, the peak of the current‐voltage relationship, the mid‐point of the normalized conductance curve and the potential (Vh) at which the steady‐state inactivation parameter (h infinity) was 0.5 were found to be significantly more depolarized for the TTXr INa (by ca 10, 14 and 37 mV respectively). There was little difference in the slope at the mid‐point of the normalized conductance curves (the mean slope factors were 5.1 mV for the TTXs INa and 4.9 mV for the TTXr current) but the h infinity curves for TTXr currents were significantly steeper than those for TTXs currents (mean slope factors of 3.8 and 11.5 mV respectively). Both the time to peak and the decay time constant of the peak current recorded from a holding potential of ‐67 mV were more than a factor of three slower for the TTXr INa than for the TTXs current. 5. However, in direct contrast to the difference in activation and decay kinetics, 'slow’ TTXr INa recovered from inactivation at ‐67mV, or reprimed, more than a factor of ten faster than ‘fast’ TTXs INa. 6. The differences apparent in both the repriming kinetics of TTXs and TTXr INa at ‐67 mV and the kinetics of the decay phase of the peak INa are shown to be explicable largely in terms of the voltage dependence of their respective inactivation systems. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Purpose of ISO 14001 Certification: Independent Assurance or Improved Environmental Management System?

This study provides evidence of the value of third party certification of environmental management systems. We examine the relative importance of improving an environmental management system as a result of certification, versus being able to communicate the quality of that system credibly to outsiders through third party certification. We use survey data where one half of the respondents had indicated that they had an environmental management (EMS) in place before seeking ISO 14001 certification, while the other half of respondents did not. Our analyses comparing the two groups find that the group already having an EMS report similar motivations for ISO 14001 certification and perceive to have received similar levels of benefits as firms having no pre-certification EMS. We conclude that even for organizations that already have an EMS, the ability to communicate credibly the quality of that system is a compelling reason to obtain ISO certification.
Ownership, Incentives, and the Hold-Up Problem

Vertical integration is often proposed as a way to resolve hold-up problems, ignoring the empirical fact that division managers tend to maximize divisional (not firmwide) profit when investing. This paper develops a model with asymmetric information at the bargaining stage and investment returns taking the form of cash and "empire benefits". Owners of a vertically integrated firm then will provide division managers with low-powered incentives so as to induce them to bargain "more cooperatively", resulting in higher investments and overall profit as compared with non-integration. Thus, vertical integration mitigates hold-up problems even without profit sharing.
Infinitary combinatorics and modal logic

Abstract We show that the modal propositional logic G, originally introduced to describe the modality “it is provable that”, is also sound for various interpretations using filters on ordinal numbers, for example the end-segment filters, the club filters, or the ineffable filters. We also prove that G is complete for the interpretation using end-segment filters. In the case of club filters, we show that G is complete if Jensen's principle □κ holds for all κ < ℵω; on the other hand, it is consistent relative to a Mahlo cardinal that G be incomplete for the club filter interpretation.
250 cases of carcinoma of urinary bladder: a preliminary review.

A retrospective review of 250 cases of carcinoma of the urinary bladder is presented. The peak age group was 40-60 years and male/female ratio was 14:1. One hundred and sixty seven (89.8%) patients had transitional cell carcinoma and in 42% the lateral wall was the site of tumour. Papillary tumours were seen in 218 (87.2%) cases. Radiotherapy and surgery combined was the most frequent mode of treatment (119 cases: 47.6%). The 5 years survival rate was 17% (JPMA 31:102, 1981).
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN CETAKAN CONTINUOUS FORM MELALUI KEPERCAYAAN MEREK (Studi pada Percetakan Jadi Jaya Group, Semarang)

This study aimed to analyze the effect of product quality and brand image on purchasing decisions continuous form printing with using brand trust as mediator variable study on consumers Jadi Jaya Group, Semarang. The quality of continuous form products is to be considered consumers in making a purchase at Jadi Jaya Group. The strategy used by Jadi Jaya Group to maintain brand image is new innovations with printed paper-based Security Printing design that makes the company different from competitors and increase brand trust.This study used non-probability sampling is used for judgmental sampling. Data were collected from 197 respondents selected using criteria that should have made a purchase of continuous form at least twice. The method analysis used in this research was Maximum Likelihood test using the program of AMOS version 21.0. The results show that the product quality and brand image has positive influence on brand trust. But, brand trust did not positive influence on purchasing decisions. Then, product quality and brand image has positive influence on purchasing decisions continuous form at Jadi Jaya Group, Semarang.
Effect of Applying Ice Bag on Pain Intensity Associated with Chest Tube Removal after Cardiac Surgery

Article Type Research Article Authors Mazloum S. R.1 PhD, Abbasi Teshnizi M.2 PhD, Kianinejad A.3 BSc, Gandomkar F. * MSc C I T A T I O N L I N K S Article History Received: September 13, 2011 Accepted: October 10, 2012 ePublished: November 5, 2012 Correspondence Address: Postal Code 7188694348, No. 112. 3 Alley, Vahdat Street, Maliabad, Shiraz, Iran. Phone: +989173397847 Fax: +987116263782 f.gandomkar881@gmail.com *Center of Fars Emergency Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 1Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 3Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. [1] Heart disease and stroke statistics-2010 update. [2] The use of ice for pain associated with chest. [3] Appropriately timed analgesics control pain due to chest . [4] Effects of interpleural bupivacaine on pleural chest tube . [5] Comparison of fentanyl with sufentanil for chest . [6] Chest drain removal pain and its management . [7] The effect of cold application in combination with standard analgesic . [8] Comparison of two pain-management strategies . [9] Topical analgesia for chest tube removal in cardiac . [10] Chest drains removal. [11] Dimensions of procedural pain and its analgesic management in critically ill . [12] Analgesia for pediatric thoracostomy tube . [13] Pain assessment and management in surgical nursing: A . [14] The role of nurses in pain management of coronary heart. [15] Management of pain a practical approach for health care. [16] Evaluation of the outcomes of ice application for the control of pain. [17] The quick relaxation technique: Effect on pain associated. [18] Visual analogue scales: measurement of subjective . [19] Validity and reliability of a scale to assess . [20] Validation of depression anxiety and stress scale [DASS-21] for an. [21]The effect of cryotherapy on the treatment of post-electroconvulsive therapy [ECT] headache compared with conventional treatment . [22] Ice freezes pain? A review of the clinical effectiveness. [23] Motor and sensory nerve conduction is affected differently by ice pack. [24] Pain. [25] Application of nursing’s concepts and theories. [26] Music: An intervention for pain during chest tube removal after. [27] Underwater seal chest drains: The patient’s . [28] A randomized comparison of three methods of analgesia for chest drain . [29] Nursing fundamentals: Caring and clinical decision . [30] Medicalsurgical nursing clinical management for positive .
Identification of steady-state inductances of PMSM using polynomial representations of the flux surfaces

Sophisticated model based control strategies for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) require precise modeling and knowledge of the machine parameters to achieve a high performance drive control. Nonlinear material characteristics of the iron and permanent magnets used in the machine lead to time-variant modeling approaches to deal with those phenomena. Typically iron losses are not considered in control plant modeling. However, it has already been shown that iron losses and non-ideal characteristics of the power electronic converter can be a major source of deterioration for the steady-state PMSM parameter identification. In this paper an elegant two-step identification strategy is proposed which minimizes the impact of iron losses and compensates for the influence of converter voltage errors during the identification of the flux surfaces (first step). In the second step the steady-state inductances are identified using polynomial representations of the flux surfaces. Like this, in contrast to conventional methods, the inductances can be identified even for zero current.
A parallel approach of multi-level morphological active contour algorithm for individual tree detection and crown delineation

Forests in Taiwan contain a diverse variety. Remote sensing data could offer information of large area sampling, but it is very challenging to automatically detect tree and delineate three crown in remote sensing data. Recently a algorithm, called multi-level morphological active contour algorithm (MMAC), has been proposed to address these issues in [1]. It combines a multi-level morphological approach with the active contour model. However, this algorithm comes with a price, which is huge computational complexity, to prevent it from being implemented practically in medium- or large-scale images. This manuscript aimed to accelerate MMAC by developing a parallel processing approach using reconfigurable computing platform with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The experimental evaluation indicated that the proposed architecture could provide around 40% acceleration with simple implementation in hardware.
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of bone marrow on PET/CT can predict prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer after curative surgical resection

Objective This study investigated the relationship of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake of bone marrow (BM) on PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) with clinicopathologic factors and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients and methods The study retrospectively included 226 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging workup and treated with curative surgical resection. The maximum 18F-FDG uptake of primary cancer (Tmax) and mean 18F-FDG uptake of BM [BM standardized uptake value (SUV)] were derived from PET/CT images. The relationships between BM SUV and clinicopathologic factors and prognostic value of BM SUV for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed. Results Patients with T3–T4 stage and hepatic metastases had significantly higher values of BM SUV than those with T1–T2 stage and no distant metastases (P<0.05). BM SUV showed significant positive correlation with Tmax, tumor size, serum C-reactive protein level, white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05). Univariate survival analysis revealed that N stage, M stage, tumor involvement of resection margin, lymphatic invasion, and BM SUV were significant predictors for RFS (P<0.05), whereas Tmax failed to show significance. In multivariate analysis, N stage (P=0.012 for N1 stage and P=0.020 for N2 stage), tumor involvement of resection margin (P=0.009), and BM SUV (P=0.005) were significantly associated with RFS. Conclusion Increased BM SUV was observed in patients with advanced stage and increased serum inflammatory markers. BM SUV was an independent predictor for RFS in colorectal cancer.
Theory and Applications of Metamaterial Covers

Metamaterial covers exhibit inimitable electromagnetic properties which make them popular in antenna engineering. Two important features of metamaterial covers are: (1) increasing of the transmission rate and (2) control of the direction of the transmission which enable one to design directive antennas. In this chapter, the possibility of increasing both bandwidth and directivity of the printed patch antenna using metamaterial covers is examined. The printed patch antennas are a class of low-profile antennas, which are conformable to planar surfaces, simple and inexpensive to manufacture using printedcircuit technology.
Should “Vaporware” Be an Antitrust Concern?

© 1997 by Federal Legal Publications. Inc. AUTHOR'S NOTE: This article is related to an earlier article I presented at The Economics ofAntitrust Enforcement session of the 71st Annual Western Economic Association Conference, San Francisco, CA, June 28-July 2, 1996. I would like to thank Robert Levinson, Lawrence Wu, Carl Gwin, Eileen Alannah Orrison and the other workshop participants for their helpful comments and suggestions. The views expressed in this article are my own and not necessarily those of the Federal Trade Commission or any individual Commissioner. All errors are my own.
A shift from motorised travel to active transport: What are the potential health gains for an Australian city?

Introduction An alarmingly high proportion of the Australian adult population does not meet national physical activity guidelines (57%). This is concerning because physical inactivity is a risk factor for several chronic diseases. In recent years, an increasing emphasis has been placed on the potential for transport and urban planning to contribute to increased physical activity via greater uptake of active transport (walking, cycling and public transport). In this study, we aimed to estimate the potential health gains and savings in health care costs of an Australian city achieving its stated travel targets for the use of active transport. Methods Additional active transport time was estimated for the hypothetical scenario of Brisbane (1.1 million population 2013) in Australia achieving specified travel targets. A multi-state life table model was used to estimate the number of health-adjusted life years, life-years, changes in the burden of diseases and injuries, and the health care costs associated with changes in physical activity, fine particle (<2.5 μm; PM2.5) exposure, and road trauma attributable to a shift from motorised travel to active transport. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test alternative modelling assumptions. Results Over the life course of the Brisbane adult population in 2013 (860,000 persons), 33,000 health-adjusted life years could be gained if the travel targets were achieved by 2026. This was mainly due to lower risks of physical inactivity-related diseases, with life course reductions in prevalence and mortality risk in the range of 1.5%-6.0%. Prevalence and mortality of respiratory diseases increased slightly (≥0.27%) due to increased exposure of larger numbers of cyclists and pedestrians to fine particles. The burden of road trauma increased by 30% for mortality and 7% for years lived with disability. We calculated substantial net savings ($AU183 million, 2013 values) in health care costs. Conclusion In cities, such as Brisbane, where over 80% of trips are made by private cars, shifts towards walking, cycling and public transport would cause substantial net health benefits and savings in health care costs. However, for such shifts to occur, investments are needed to ensure safe and convenient travel.
Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning with Adversarial Attacks

This paper proposes adversarial attacks for Reinforcement Learning (RL) and then improves the robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms (DRL) to parameter uncertainties with the help of these attacks. We show that even a naively engineered attack successfully degrades the performance of DRL algorithm. We further improve the attack using gradient information of an engineered loss function which leads to further degradation in performance. These attacks are then leveraged during training to improve the robustness of RL within robust control framework. We show that this adversarial training of DRL algorithms like Deep Double Q learning and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients leads to significant increase in robustness to parameter variations for RL benchmarks such as Cart-pole, Mountain Car, Hopper and Half Cheetah environment.
The Country of Ownership Paradox

Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to explore how the ownership transfer from a developed country to a developing country influences consumers’ perception of the brand. Design/methodology/approach: After the extensive review of the literature about the concept of country of origin and brand image, three premium automobile brand acquisition cases (Jaguar, Land Rover and Volvo) were investigated. The data collection and analysis follows a qualitative approach by gathering data with the help of netnography and ethnographic content analysis (ECA). Research limitations/implications: The thesis focuses exclusively on the perspective of the western culture consumer. It studies only the automobile industry and is restricted to two developing countries (China and India). Furthermore, it only considers data from the time of the acquisitions. Thus, more extensive research is suggested to gain more insight regarding the consequences of the ownership change. Also, the study follows a qualitative approach. Therefore, a quantitative research would be necessary to quantify and test the assumptions. Theoretical Contribution: The findings of the thesis propose that the change of a brand’s country of ownership (COOW) can either influence consumers’ perceived brand origin (BO) or activate consumers’ secondary association with the change of the product’s country of manufacture (COM), country of design (COD) or country of parts (COP), which later on indirectly affects consumer perception. Practical implications: After an ownership transfer, an intensive marketing communication campaign is required. Addressing either the original brand’s heritage or promoting the new brand owner’s image might be profitable. The techniques of crisis management communication can also be utilized. Furthermore, managers can also take advantage of the highly loyal fans by turning them into brand ambassadors. Originality/value: The research aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding COOW and its consequence on consumer perception. In the era of globalization, it is essential to consider all the aspects of COO such as COD; COM; COP and especially COOW, therefore it is unexpected to see that most research still considers COO as the single cue.
Investor Skepticism toward Small Positive Sales Surprises

Prior research suggests that investors see a small positive earnings surprise as a warning sign indicating an increased chance of creative accounting. This study finds that investors see a small positive sales surprise as another warning sign of manipulation. I compare the coefficient in the regression of abnormal stock returns on sales surprise (while controlling for earnings surprise) across ranges of sales surprises using all firm-quarters with sufficient data in the period 2005-2013 as my sample. The coefficient is lower for small positive sales surprises than for surprises in any other range. I also find that investor skepticism toward small positive sales surprises is rational. Small positive sales surprises are more likely to reverse in the future than sales surprises in any other range. Moreover, analysts react to small positive sales surprises in a way that suggests they also expect these sales surprises to reverse in the future.
DOES BETTER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RATING LEAD TO HIGHER MARKET VALUE?: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF BIST XKURY LISTED COMPANIES

This paper tries to establish a link between effectiveness of corporate governance practices and market performance of forty three firms listed, as of the end of 2014, in Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index (BIST XKURY). Drawn on the data set obtained from the annual reports and financial statements of the firms for the period of 2007-2014. panel data analysis revealed that higher corporate governance ratings result in increased market values. The results of the study indicate that together with corporate governance ratings, return on equity and earning per share have positive relationships with market value, too. There is, however, significant negative relationship between free float rate and market value.
Continuous-time analysis, eigenstructure assignment, and H2 synthesis with enhanced linear matrix inequalities (LMI) characterizations

This note describes a new framework for the analysis and synthesis of control systems, which constitutes a genuine continuous-time extension of results that are only available in discrete time. In contrast to earlier results the proposed methods involve a specific transformation on the Lyapunov variables and a reciprocal variant of the projection lemma, in addition to the classical linearizing transformations on the controller data. For a wide range of problems including robust analysis and synthesis, multichannel H/sub 2/ stateand output-feedback syntheses, the approach leads to potentially less conservative linear matrix inequality (LMI) characterizations. This comes from the fact that the technical restriction of using a single Lyapunov function is to some extent ruled out in this new approach. Moreover, the approach offers new potentials for problems that cannot be handled using earlier techniques. An important instance is the eigenstructure assignment problem blended with Lyapunov-type constraints which is given a simple and tractable formulation.