Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin's disease and parity

Studies from Norway (Kravdal and Hansen, 1993), Italy {Franceschi et al., 19941, Sweden (Olsson et al., 1990) and Israel {Abramson e t al., 1978) have suggested that parity is protective against Hodgkin ’s disease among women, but not among men. A Canadian study found that the risk of Hodgkin’s disease increased with parity (Miller e t al., 1980), but subjects were restricted to mam’ed women and the study may not have adequately controlled for socioeconomic status {Glaser, 1994). Hormonal and immunologic mechanisms have been postulated as explanations for a protective effect of pregnancy against Hodgkin s disease. We have evaluated this association in data from 2 casecontrol studies conducted in the United States. In Nebraska, telephone interviews were obtained f iom 70 (35 female, 35 male) patients with Hodgkin’s disease newly diagnosed during 1983-1986 andfrom 1,432 (707female, 725 ma1e)populationbased controls (Zahm et al., 1990, 1992, 1993). Increasing parity was associated with decreased risk of Hodgkin ’s disease among women, with the risk reduced by more than one-half among those with 3 or more children (Table I). However, the effect was limited to women classified as being of higher socioeconomic status, defined as having had more than a high-school education. A lowered risk of Hodgkin ’s disease was also observed among men who had fathered children. These findings appear to argue against a protective role of pregnancy itself and to call for further study of socioeconomic correlates. Similar patterns were observed for nodular sclerosis and other histologic types. In Kansas, a different pattern of risk associated with parity was observed in an interview study involving 121 men newly diagnosed with Hodgkin’s disease during 1976-1982 and 948 population-based controls (Hoar et al., 1986; Zahm et al., 1988). Parity was not protective overall or in either socioeconomic category. In fact, in the low socioeconomic category, parity was associated with increased risk. The effects of parity did not vary significantly by histologic type. It is diJgicult to explain the inconsistent data on parity and Hodgkin’s disease in these studies. If parity were protective through a hormonal or immunologic process related to pregnancy, it would seem likely to affect women regardless of socioeconomic status, but not men. I f parity were protective for reasons related to socioeconomic status {e.g., age at first exposure to an infectious agent), the effect should be seen in both genders. Based on the conflicting data from these 2 studies, we cannot distinguish between possible mechanisms. Further studies are needed in both genders to clarib the reported association between Hodgkin’s disease and parity, with special attention to such factors as age at firstpregnancy, abortion history, qosures of offspring, socioeconomic status and histologic subtype. Yours sincerely, Shelia HOAR ZAHM, Robert N. HOOVER and Joseph F.
Impact of Enterprise System Implementations on Enterprise Risk

The use of sophisticated enterprise systems compels changes in underlying business processes, leading to reengineering efficiency improvements that are normally compounded by the benefits of automation; enterprise systems implementations, however, can also represent unique risk issues. This study proposes to examine the impact of enterprise system implementation on enterprise risks as perceived by external investors of publicly traded companies in the U.S. A Risk-Adjusted Marked Model is proposed to examine market valuation effects, as measured by abnormal returns, as well as systematic risk effects, as measured by pre-event and post-event beta changes. For further insight, a cross sectional analysis relating risk changes to different types of enterprise systems and firm characteristics is also proposed.
Results of Valve Replacement Surgery with Mechanical Prostheses

The clinical study is reported of the results of heart valve replacement surgery with a new pyrolytic carbon tilting disc prosthesis manufactured in Italy. From March 1977 to January 1981, at the «De Gasperis» Cardiosurgery Center, this prosthesis has been implanted in 644 patients: 283 for mitral valve replacement, 240 for aortic valve replacement, and 121 for the replacement of both mitral and aortic valves. To have a sufficiently long period of post-surgery follow-up, we considered the results of 207 patients (124 cases of isolated mitral valve replacement and 83 cases of isolated aortic valve replacement), who underwent surgery consecutively from March 1977 to December 1979. The hospital mortality was 10.5% for mitral valve replacement and 4.8% for aortic valve replacement. All patients who were discharged from hospital, except 2, were subjected to clinical, electrocardiographic, phonocardiographic, ecocardiographic and radiological checks. The average follow-up period was approximately 20 months: clinical results were satisfactory. The probability of survival, expressed by actuarial curve, was, three years after surgery, 94% for patients who underwent mitral valve replacement and 97.5% for those who underwent aortic valve replacement. The probability of embolism was, three years after surgery, 8.5% for patients with mitral replaced and 5% for aortic. Even if further confirmations are needed the mortality rate and the probability of embolism related to this new prosthesis, are lower, over the same period of follow-up, than that found in the groups of patients who underwent valve replacement surgery, at the same Center, with Starr-Edwards and Björk-Shiley prostheses. The phonocardiographic and ecocardiographic characteristics of this new prosthesis were also investigated.
Facial Expressions and the Ability to Recognize Emotions from the Eyes or Mouth: A Comparison Between Children and Adults

ABSTRACT The authors sought to contribute to the literature on the ability to recognize anger, happiness, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, and neutral emotions from facial information. They aimed to investigate if—regardless of age—this pattern changes. More specifically, the present study aimed to compare the difference between the performance of adults and 6- to 7-year-old children in detecting emotions from the whole face and a specific face region, namely the eyes and mouth. The findings seem to indicate that, for both groups, recognizing disgust, happiness, and surprise is facilitated when pictures represent the whole face. However, with regard to a specific region, a prevalence for children was not found between the eyes and mouth. Meanwhile, for adults, would seem to detect a greater role of the eye region. Finally, regarding the differences in the performance of emotions recognition, adults are better only in a few cases, whereas children are better in recognizing anger from the mouth.
Impact of Priority Criteria on Electric Vehicle Charge Scheduling

Coordinated charging is the superior charging method for integrating electric vehicles (EVs) smoothly and efficiently into the existing power system. Coordinated EV charging can be further classified into two types, namely time coordinated charging (TCC) and power coordinated charging (PCC). Scheduling of EV charging is the vital component in both types of coordinated EV charging methods. Generally, priority criteria such as battery state of charge (SOC) and slack time are used for scheduling EV charging. In this paper, the impact of different priority criteria on the chargeability of EVs and charging fairness is studied for both types of coordinated EV charging methods. The overall performance of the coordinated EV charging methods employing various combinations of different priority criteria is evaluated using data-driven simulations. In addition, this paper evaluates the need for using weighted priority criteria for scheduling EV charging along with appropriate weights required for different cases.
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Effects of Isoflurane‐Induced Hypotension in the Baboon

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by W, 10, 20, 40, and 50% of its baseline value in six anesthetized baboons with the administration of increasing concentrations of isoflurane. Mean arterial pressure, right atrcal pressure, pulmonary artery pressures, and cardiac output were measured at each decrement in arterial pressure, and after the withdrawal of the isoflurane. At the same times, cerebral blood flow, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, and the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose were determined. Cerebrovascular reactivity was assessed before, during, and after the administration of isoflurane, and morphologic evidence of ischemic cell change was sought at the end of the investigation. Isoflurane produced dose-related decreases in systemic vascular resistance and MAP; heart rate, cardiac output, and stroke volume did not change significantly. Although cerebral metabolism was depressed in a dose-related manner, the response of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was biphasic. At low isoflurane concentrations, CBF decreased significantly and then increased to reach baseline values at the highest concentration. Cerebrovascular reactivity was intact at baseline and at the 20% decrement in MAP; it was impaired at the 50% decrease in MAP and when studied 100 min after the withdrawal of isoflurane. There was no morphologic evidence of ischemic cell damage in any animal.
A Review of some Statistics on Breastfeeding in Saudi Arabia

Breastfeeding is the ideal and most natural way of nurturing infants. The importance of breastfeeding has been proved unequivocally, and UNICEF and WHO have issued guidelines to ensure breastfeeding. Saudi Arabia is a country where the legislation is derived from the Quran and Hadiths. The Holy Quran says that the mothers shall give suck to their offspring for two complete years …. The majority of mothers start breastfeeding their infants but soon introduce bottles. The single most common reason cited for the early introduction of bottle feeding is that the breast milk is insufficient. Because of this tendency, many mothers practice mixed feeding. The duration of breastfeeding varies but in general it is done beyond six months, and various factors affect the duration. Researchers have recently started using the WHO recommended key breastfeeding indicators. In a study these key indicators were found to be very low. The authors feel that there is a need to revise the media campaign for promoting breastfeeding utilizing the instructions and guidance from the Holy Quran and Hadiths.
The Chevron Osteotomy: A Clinical and Radiographic Analysis

This is a retrospective study of the chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus. Subjective and objective postoperative results were evaluated. Differences in the postoperative correction of the intermetatarsal 1–2 angle and the first metatarsophalangeal angle were noted using two accepted measurement methods. Seventeen patients (23 feet) with an average age of 39 years (range, 15–51 years) and an average follow-up of 3 years (range, 1–5 years) were studied. The average preoperative intermetatarsal 1–2 angle was 11° (range, 8° to 14°), and the average hallux valgus angle was 23° (range, 7° to 39°). The apparent postoperative correction differed depending on the method of measurement used. One method consistently indicated a greater amount of correction in both the intermetatarsal and metatarsophalangeal angles. The chevron procedure resulted in an overall satisfactory improvement of symptoms, function, and cosmesis. Four feet exhibited postoperative radiographic changes that could be construed as avascular changes, but there was no collapse noted, nor were there clinical symptoms of avascular necrosis. No nonunions, malunions, or infections developed, and no cases of hallux varus occurred.
Alteration in Fibrinolysis Associated With Surgery and Venous Thrombosis

1 A marked increase in fibrinolytic activity occurs during surgical operations, especially major surgery. 2 This increase sometimes begins prior to the induction of anaesthesia. 3 There is reduced fibrinolytic activity during the postoperative period and this occurs earlier and to a greater degree in those patients who develop a venous thrombosis as shown by the 125I‐fibrinogen test.
Corruption and Financial Intermediation in a Panel of Regions: Cross-Border Effects of Corruption

The importance of financial market reforms in combating corruption has been highlighted in the theoretical literature but has not been systemically tested empirically. In this study we provide a first pass at testing this relationship using both linear and non-monotonic forms of the relationship between corruption and financial intermediation. Our study finds a negative and statistically significant impact of financial intermediation on corruption. Specifically, the results imply that a one standard deviation increase in financial intermediation is associated with a decrease in corruption of 0.20 points, or 16 percent of the standard deviation in the corruption index and this relationship is shown to be robust to a variety of specification changes, including: (i) different sets of control variables; (ii) different econometrics techniques; (iii) different sample sizes; (iv) alternative corruption indices; (v) removal of outliers; (vi) different sets of panels; and (vii) allowing for cross country interdependence, contagion effects, of corruption.
New excavations at bohunice and the question of the uniqueness of the type-site for the Bohunician industrial type

Recent research has documented discontinuities in the technological behaviour of hominids during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Middle Danube region. Attribute analysis studies (Tostevin 2000 a, b, c, 2003 a, b) have shown little to no antecedents for the flintknapping behaviours of the Bohunician in those of the Central European Micoquian. Further, these attribute analyses have shown close connections in the behaviours which produced the Bohunician in Moravia with the behaviours which produced the lower two levels of Boker Tachtit in the Levant. These analyses have been corroborated by detailed refitting studies (Skrdla 1996, 2003). While these discontinuities point to the Middle Danube's role within a larger, inter-regional diffusion event, the question of how many of the flintknapping behaviours characteristic of the Micoquian survived into the Early Upper Paleolithic in the form of the Szeletian, remains to be answered. To date, this question has been problematic given our lack of understanding of the relationship between the phenomena known as the Bohunician and Szeletian Industrial Types. All of these questions rest upon an understanding of the apparent uniqueness of the type-site for the Bohunician, Brno-Bohunice. Until the 2002 re-excavation of Brno-Bohunice by the Institute of Archaeology, Brno (Skrdla), and the University of Minnesota (Tostevin), it has been difficult to address quantitatively the variability within the Bohunician Industrial Type due to the lack of proveniencing and collection protocols of the original type collection. With the new collection, however, we endeavour in this paper to evaluate the similarity/dissimilarity among the Bohunician assemblages ofStrdnskd skala IIIa level 4, Strdnskd skala III, Strdnskd skdla IIIc, and the Brno-Bohunice 2002 collection. The resulting comparisons demonstrate the close clustering of the Strdnskd skdla assemblages in terms of technological similarities, with a Szeletian assemblage, Vedrovice V, falling significantly away from the Bohunician assemblages. The 2002 Bohunice collection is more distinct from any other Bohunician assemblage than they are to themselves, but not as distinct as the Vedrovice V collection. The ramifications of these data are explored through a discussion of the meaning of paleosol palimpsests, refits, and activity patterning on the Pleistocene landscape of Moravia.
Predicting Literacy at Age 7 From Preliteracy at Age 4

Early literacy experience and preliteracy knowledge have been shown to predict later literacy outcomes. Using a representative sample of 3,052 same-sex twin pairs (6,104 children) in the United Kingdom, we explored phenotypic and etiological interrelationships among early literacy experience, preliteracy knowledge, and school-based literacy outcomes (reading and writing). Both literacy experience and preliteracy knowledge at age 4 significantly and independently predicted literacy at age 7. Both measures also showed genetic influence that significantly predicted literacy at age 7, although genetic mediation was stronger for preliteracy knowledge than for early literacy experience. However, for both measures, shared environmental factors explained most of the association with literacy at age 7.
Intrauterine Candida albicans Infection Causes Systemic Fetal Candidiasis With Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction in a Sheep Model of Early Pregnancy

Introduction: Several recent studies have identified a potential role for intrauterine Candida albicans in adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth. There is, however, a limited understanding of the impact of intrauterine candida infection on fetal well-being in early pregnancy. Using a sheep model of early pregnancy, the aims of this study were to determine (1) the ability of experimentally induced intrauterine C albicans to infect the fetus and (2) whether C albicans exposure in early pregnancy is associated with alterations in fetal cardiac function, as measured by spectral tissue Doppler imaging analysis of fetal cardiac function. Methods: Merino ewes carrying singleton pregnancies at 89 days’ gestation (term is ∼150 days) received C albicans (n = 8) via ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection. Saline-exposed fetuses served as controls (n = 6). Spectral tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography and amniotic fluid collection were performed at baseline and 24 and 72 hours after intrauterine C albicans injection. Fetal tissues were collected at postmortem for analysis of infection and inflammation. Results: Relative to saline control, intrauterine C albicans infection resulted in pronounced increases in amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α; P < .05) and cytokine/chemokine messenger RNA (interleukin [IL] 1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; P < .05) in the fetal myocardium, lung, skin, and liver at 72 and 96 hours postinfection. Spectral tissue Doppler imaging showed diastolic dysfunction at 24 hours and severe biventricular diastolic dysfunction 72 hours postinfection. Conclusion: Intrauterine C albicans infection in a sheep model of early pregnancy causes systemic fetal candidiasis, which is associated with a robust systemic inflammatory response and progressive cardiac dysfunction detectable by spectral tissue Doppler imaging.
A new dynamic load-aware based load-balanced routing for ad hoc networks

The paper presents a novel dynamic load-aware based load-balanced routing (DLBL) algorithm for ad hoc networks. DLBL considers an intermediate node routing load as the primary route selection metric while discovering a route; this can lead to less network congestion and fewer bottlenecks. During route maintaining periods, DLBL deals, by a distributed mechanism, with the congestion of active routes when nodes or the routes have their queue overload, at the same time with little overhead increment. When a link breaks because of node mobility or power off, etc., DLBL provides efficient path maintenance to patch up broken links to help get a robust route from the source to the destination. By presenting and analyzing simulation results, DLBL is shown to result in good performance of packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay, while exhibiting many attractive features of distributed control to adapt to dynamic ad hoc networks.
TESTICULAR PERITUBULAR MYOID CELLS ARE A TARGET FOR ADRENOMEDULLIN

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a recently cloned vasorelaxing peptide that belongs to the calcitonin generelated peptide family. AM inhibits the contraction of several types of smooth muscle cells and is present in the testis as well as in many other organs.The authors investigated whether testicular peritubular myoid cells (PMC) possess specific receptors for AM. Binding of AM to PMC was saturable in a time-dependent manner and 125I-AM binding was effectively displaced by cold AM. The study documents that testicular peritubular myoid cells are a target for adrenomedullin and suggests a role for this peptide in the paracrine regulation of the testis.
Deletion 22q11.2 syndrome—Implications for the intensive care physician*

Objective: To report on the experience of a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with patients with deletion 22q11.2 syndrome: 1) to delineate the clinical characteristics and management of these patients; 2) to assess whether these patients were managed appropriately, especially in terms of blood transfusion; and 3) to make recommendations for PICU management. Design: Retrospective assessment of medical records of patients with fluorescent in situ hybridization-proven 22q11 deletion admitted to the PICU at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney. Setting: PICU in a tertiary university-affiliated children's hospital. Patients: Sixty-five consecutive admissions in 40 patients with diagnosis of 22q11 deletion over a 4-yr period. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Thirty-seven (57%) of 65 admissions were postoperative cardiac surgical and accounted for the most common reason for admission to the PICU. Thirteen (20%) admissions were for velopharyngeal/laryngeal problems. Four (6%) admissions were associated with hypocalcemia, with two being first presentations. Five (12.5%) of 40 patients had immune dysfunction, one of whom developed cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. Twenty-nine (72.5%) patients received blood products either immediately before PICU admission or in the PICU. Of these, 16 received nonirradiated cellular blood products. There were two deaths from complications of congenital heart disease. Conclusions: PICUs need to be familiar with deletion 22q11.2 syndrome, especially the recommended use of irradiated and cytomegalovirus-seronegative blood components in these immunocompromised patients. The guidelines were inconsistently followed in the cohort of patients reported here. The extent of this problem may be more widespread in PICUs, and we recommend that individual units review their practice in this regard. Hypocalcemia may manifest at any time, and a regular survey of the calcium status is required in the intensive care setting. Admission to PICU should afford the opportunity to invite subspecialty referral and optimize extended care.