Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the Correlation between Taxpayer Education and Revenue Mobilisation amongst MMDA ’ s in Ghana

Despite the fact that the highest percentage of the labour force is engaged in the private informal sector form of employment in Ghana, the contribution of the sector to government revenue remains the least on the list. In this regard, the study examined the impact of tax education on revenue generation among tax payers (self-employed) in the Wiawso Municipality of the Western Region of Ghana. Data for the study was obtained using structured questionnaires and interview guide. The study comprised five management staff of the Assembly and 350 tax payers. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the Statistical Products and Service Solutions (SPSS), version 18.The study further revealed, there is a significant relationship between tax education and revenue mobilization. The study further revealed that there are significantly challenges confronting the successful implementation of tax education in the Wiawso Municipality including the lack of professional and competent staff to undertake tax educational campaigns. The Municipal Assembly should start a newsletter that will be published at the beginning of every year which should be distributed alongside with the property rates bill. The tax education campaign team should be given adequate logistics to help them carry out the education. Logistics such as vehicles that would make them mobile should be readily available to make taxpayer education effective and achieve its purpose. The Assembly is advised to conduct training needs assessment for revenue collectors to raise their efficiency in the revenue collection machinery. The training schedule must be reviewed and updated regularly to enhance the proficiency of the personnel in undertaking tax education
of the Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture and standard care for improving pain and function in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing acupuncture with sham acupuncture or standard care for OA of the knee was conducted. Computerised databases were searched to February 2011. Studies were selected in which patients with OA knee were randomised to receive either acupuncture or a control consisting of sham acupuncture or standard care. Standard care interventions included advice, education, self management, standardised exercises or standard pharmacological management. The internal validity of the studies was assessed independently by two reviewers using the PEDro scale. The adequacy of acupuncture within the studies was also assessed using prespecified criteria. Short and long-term outcomes of pain and function were extracted from the trials and the mean change in outcome was calculated in each group for comparison. Results: Eleven studies were included, of which eight utilised a sham acupuncture control and five used standard care. Two studies were three-armed trials incorporating both sham and standard care groups. All trials had PEDro scores of ≥6/10. Compared to sham acupuncture, there was inconclusive evidence to support the efficacy of acupuncture for improving pain or function at both short and long-term follow up. Compared to standard care, strong evidence was found to support the efficacy of acupuncture for the short and long-term improvement of pain and function. It was unclear whether the adequacy of the acupuncture within the trials had a bearing upon the outcomes. Conclusion: Sham controlled trials reveal inconclusive evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in improving pain and function in OA knee. There is strong evidence to support the efficacy of acupuncture over standard care for improving pain and function in OA knee. It is unclear to what degree these outcomes may be attributed to the adequacy of acupuncture treatment.
Overexpression of GCN 2-type protein kinase in wheat has profound effects on free amino acid concentration and gene expression

Received 12 August 2011; revised 19 September 2011; accepted 22 September 2011. *Correspondence (Tel 44 1582 763133; fax 44 1582 763010; email nigel.halford@rothamsted.ac.uk) Present address: Cereal Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. Accession number: The nucleotide sequence of TaGCN2, reported in this manuscript, has been submitted to the EMBL database and assigned the accession number FR839672.
Grandiose Narcissism and Prosociality : A Literature Review Does grandiose narcissism predict prosociality ?

Grandiose narcissism and prosociality are important topics in personality and social psychology, but research on their interplay is lacking. We present a first large-scale, systematic, and multimethod investigation linking the two. In 2 studies (N1 688, N2 336), we assessed grandiose narcissism comprehensively (i.e., agentic and communal narcissism) and examined its relations with instantiations of prosociality, namely, objective prosociality (actual behavior in Study 1; round-robin informant-reports in a real-life setting in Study 2) and subjective prosociality (self-perceptions in Studies 1 and 2). We obtained a consistent set of results. Agentic narcissism was related to lower objective prosociality and lower subjective prosociality. Communal narcissism, by contrast, was unrelated to objective prosociality, but was related to higher subjective prosociality. Additionally, we tested for prosociality selfenhancement among agentic and communal narcissists. Agentic narcissists evinced the same (and modest) level of prosociality self-enhancement as their non-narcissistic counterparts. Communal narcissists, by contrast, evinced substantial levels of prosociality self-enhancement, whereas their nonnarcissistic counterparts did not enhance their prosociality at all. We discuss implications of the findings for the literature on narcissism and antisociality, and for the concept of prosocial personality.
Adherence to nutritional orientations : a literature review

Patient compliance with nutritional guidelines is essential to achieve the results expected from nutritional education. The phenomenon of adherence and non-adherence brings great impact on morbidity and mortality in individuals affected by chronic diseases and it is one of the major problems faced by health professionals. The aims of this study were to identify how adherence to nutritional guidance and its determinants are assessed and to summarize ways to improve adherence. A literature review has been made in the electronic databases SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and ClinicalKey from 2005 to 2015. Throughout the literary review, it was found that adherence assessment can be subjective or objective and that adherence has been evaluated with different types of instruments because of the great difficulty posed by the measurement of this variable. Multiple interfaces inf luence adherence to treatment, e.g., patient, disease, therapy, socioeconomic and cultural aspects, health system and relationship with healthcare professionals. Because the dimension of the topic of adherence is complex, there is no method or instrument that fits all the objectives and studies. However, methodological studies are needed to develop and validate instruments to assess adherence to nutritional orientations.
Risk of hypovolemia associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Aim of the review To assess the risk of hypovolemia for sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors treatment. Method A systematic literature retrieval was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus from inception up to 4 October 2022, Data for study characteristics and outcomes of interest were extracted from each eligible study. Risk ratios (RRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypovolemia were calculated using a random-effect model. Results A total of 57 studies (n = 68,622) were included in our meta-analysis, with a result of 1,972 hypovolemia incidents (1,142 in the SGLT2 inhibitors group and 830 in the control group). The pooled RR was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.02–1.22). It is evident that receiving SGLT2 inhibitors increased the risk of hypovolemia. When stratified by category of SGLT2 inhibitors the result was consistent; when the subgroup was analyzed by age, the pooled RR was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.94–1.23) in patients aged ≥65 years and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.02–1.28) in those aged <65 years. When comparing the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with a baseline eGFR greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, the pooled RR was 1.21, (95% CI: 1.00–1.46) and 1.08, (95%CI: 0.98–1.20), respectively. Conclusion Our meta-analysis has demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors increased the risk of hypovolemia in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It is necessary to pay attention to the risk of hypovolemia associated with SGLT2 inhibitors, especially in older individuals and those with moderate renal impairment. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020156254].
Lesvos Island , Aegean Sea , Greece

The Stypsi Cu-Mo-Au-Re prospect, Lesvos island, a shallow porphyry-epithermal system hosted within a middle Miocene microgranite porphyry, was emplaced along NNE-, NWand NE-trending structures, within trachyandesites to trachydacites and felsic pyroclastics of the Stypsi caldera. The mineralization comprises three stages: Stage I is characterized by magnetite-actinolite±quartz in transitional and banded quartz veins mostly developed within the microgranite and the surrounding lavas related to calcic-potassic and propylitic alteration of the host rocks. In the banded veins, quartz is botryoidal, suggesting crystallization from a gel. Abundant vapor-rich inclusions in the bands produce a dark grey to black color. Within the veins, magnetite, chalcopyrite, bornite and native gold were followed in time by pyrite, hematite, sphalerite and galena. Stage I mineralization was synchronous and also postdates quartz formation in the veins, since it crosscuts and/or fills vugs in the center of the veins. Sulfides are associated with various combinations of K-feldspar, actinolite, epidote, chlorite, and calcite gangue minerals. Pyrite-molybdenite-chalcopyrite (Stage II) and late intermediate sulfidation epithermal veins (Stage III) overprint earlier mineralization and alteration, and are associated with sericite-calcite and sericite-kaolinite alteration of the porphyry system and
4 Adenosine Signaling in Anxiety

Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that acts as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system (CNS), controlling neuronal excitability, modulating neurotransmitter release, and regulating ion channel function through four subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine receptor agonists are anxiolytic while adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists such as caffeine can cause anxiety. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of A1 and A2A receptors suggests that each contributes separately to the regulation of anxious states. However, a growing body of evidence argues for a particularly important role of the A2A receptor. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the A2A receptor gene (ADORA2A) are associated with anxiety in psychiatric disorders and in response to stimulants. Additionally, genetic knockout of the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1), which plays an essential role in controlling adenosine levels in the brain, reduces anxiety in rodents, while inhibition of ENT1 may mediate the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines and alcohol. In this chapter, we discuss the emerging role of adenosine signaling in anxiety, with special focus on the A1 and A2A receptors and ENT1. This chapter also includes how caffeine and alcohol regulate anxiety through adenosine signaling.
Challenges and frontiers in abusive content detection

Online abusive content detection is an inherently difficult task. It has received considerable attention from academia, particularly within the computational linguistics community, and performance appears to have improved as the field has matured. However, considerable challenges and unaddressed frontiers remain, spanning technical, social and ethical dimensions. These issues constrain the performance, efficiency and generalizability of abusive content detection systems. In this article we delineate and clarify the main challenges and frontiers in the field, critically evaluate their implications and discuss potential solutions. We also highlight ways in which social scientific insights can advance research. We discuss the lack of support given to researchers working with abusive content and provide guidelines for ethical research.
Adaptive divergence for a drought resistance related trait among invasive Saltcedar (Tamarix L.) populations in southwestern US: Inferences from QCT - FCT

Biological invasion poses several biotic and abiotic challenges due to abrupt distribution shifts. Invasive species may benefit from local adaptation responding to environmental stresses during colonization. Saltcedar (Tamarix), a notorious invasive shrub in the western US introduced from Eurasia may have adapted to low rainfall as the species widely occupies the arid land throughout the southwestern US. We investigated variation of quantitative traits in saltcedar between two regions exhibiting opposing average annual precipitations under experimentally manipulated water treatments to test local adaptation. We measured eight quantitative traits, proxies for fitness and genotyped 64 individual samples using genotype by sequencing technique. To test local adaptation, we applied QCT - FCT test based on null distribution of FCT estimated from 2,697 genome-wide SNPs and QCT estimated for the eight phenotypic traits measured. Saltcedar in the southwestern US exhibited a significant interaction between the degree of leaf loss (biomass loss by senesced leaves to total biomass) under simulated drought conditions and the origins from which the genotypes were collected, either relatively high or low rainfall regimes. The divergence found in leaf loss was significantly greater among regions than the expected given the genetic divergence on neutral loci suggesting signature of local adaptation responding to drought. The results demonstrate adaptive potential of saltcedar populations to extreme drought. As extreme aridity is often predicted in climate models across the southwestern US, the western saltcedar genotypes locally adapted to drought may further expand their ranges in this region.
Determinants of-herpesvirus shedding in saliva among Ugandan children and their mothers

Newton, Robert; Labo, Nazzarena; Wakeham, Katie; Marshall, Vickie; Roshan, Romin; Nalwoga, Angela; Sebina, Ismail; Muhangi, Lawrence; Webb, Emily L; Miley, Wendell; +3 more. Rochford, Rosemary; Elliott, Alison M; Whitby, Denise; (2018) Determinants of Gammaherpesvirus Shedding in Saliva Among Ugandan Children and Their Mothers. The Journal of infectious diseases, 218 (6). pp. 892-900. ISSN 0022-1899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy262 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm. ac.uk/id/eprint/4647782/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy262
Decidability of Epsilon Pushing PDA

Sénizergues proved that language equivalence is decidable for disjoint -deterministic pushdown automata (PDA). Stirling showed that strong bisimilarity is decidable for normed PDA. Sénizergues strengthened the result by demonstrating the decidability of the strong bisimilarity of the deterministic epsilon-popping PDA. Recently Jančar provided a different proof of the decidability of the strong bisimilarity of PDA in a more general setting. On the negative side Srba pointed out that the weak bisimilarity is undecidable for normed PDA. Jančar and Srba demonstrated the undecidability of the weak bisimilarity for disjoint -pushing PDA and disjoint -popping PDA. In this paper it is proved that the branching bisimilarity of the normed -pushing PDA is decidable.
GemV: A Validated Micro-architecture Vulnerability Estimation Tool

Several decades of transistor technology scaling has brought the threat of soft errors to modern embedded processors. Several techniques have been proposed to protect these systems from soft errors. However, their effectiveness in protecting the computation cannot be ascertained without accurate and quantitative estimation of system reliability. Vulnerability – a metric that defines the probability of system-failure (reliability) through analytical models – is the most effective mechanism for our current estimation and early design space exploration needs. Previous vulnerability estimation tools are based around the Sim-Alpha simulator which has been to shown to have several limitations. In this thesis, I present gemV: an accurate and comprehensive vulnerability estimation tool based on gem5. Gem5 is a popular cycle-accurate microarchitectural simulator that can model several different processor models in close to real hardware form. GemV can be used for fast and early design space exploration and also evaluate the protection afforded by commodity processors. gemV is comprehensive, since it models almost all sequential components of the processor. gemV is accurate because of fine-grain vulnerability tracking, accurate vulnerability modeling of squashed instructions, and accurate vulnerability modeling of shared data structures in gem5. gemV has been thoroughly validated against extensive fault injection experiments and achieves a 97% accuracy with 95% confidence. A micro-architect can use gemV to discover micro-architectural variants of a processor that minimize vulnerability for allowed performance penalty. A software developer can use gemV to explore the performance-vulnerability trade-off by choosing different algorithms and compiler optimizations, while the system designer can use gemV to explore the performance-vulnerability trade-offs of choosing different ISAs.
Impact of organization decision making styles and safety accountability on occupational health and safety implementation: The moderating role of mimetic motives

The agriculture sector is a traditional economic pillar of many emerging economies. However, it is facing greater occupational health and safety (OHS) challenges in Pakistan, and its performance is continuously decreasing. An effective OHS implementation provides better control over OHS challenges and may help to restore its former glory. Therefore, this study aims to explore different organizational decision-making styles and safety accountability to put OHS into practice in this sector. Based on institutional theory, a theoretical framework was developed. Two hundred and eighty-seven agriculture farms in Punjab, Pakistan were surveyed and analyzed using SmartPLS 3.3. 7. The findings revealed that implementation styles (rational and incremental) and safety accountability positively impact OHS implementation. Similarly, the moderating role of mimetic motives was found positively significant in the relationship between rational style and OHS implementation, and negatively significant in the relationship between incremental style and OHS implementation. While no moderating effect of mimetic motive was found between safety accountability and OHS implementation. This study suggested that OHS implementation should not be viewed as a social or technical issue alone. Strategic arrangements should be made at the organizational level to gain better control over OHS challenges by considering the institutional environment in which the organization operates.
Institutional Development and Value of Business Groups : The Case of China

We investigate the link between institutional development and value of business groups in an emerging market context, while controlling for the potential effect of cultural norms. China provides a good research lab since it has been undergoing profound institutional changes during the past thirty years and it currently combines great heterogeneity in institutional development across the Chinese provinces with homogeneity in cultural norms, law, and regulation. Using handcollected data from publicly listed Chinese firms, we find that the largest shareholder’s ownership concentration creates value regardless the ownership nature (business group or SOE) and the institutional development level. Meanwhile, when institutional efficiency is low, the ownership of and the management by business group controlling shareholder increase value in comparison with other types of ownership and management, while the control in excess of ownership executed by business group controlling shareholder reduces value. When institutional efficiency is high, none of these effects are significant.
Aus dem NeuroCure Clinical Research Center Exzellenzcluster NeuroCure Campus Charité Mitte der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin DISSERTATION Der Stellenwert der optischen Kohärenztomografie in der Diagnostik und Differentialdiagnostik von Erkrankungen des zentralen Ne

Objective: To evaluate 3D spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) volume scans as a tool for quantification of optic nerve head (ONH) volume as a potential marker for treatment effectiveness and disease progression in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Design and Patients: Cross-sectional pilot trial comparing 19 IIH patients and controls matched for gender, age and body mass index. Each participant underwent SDOCT. A custom segmentation algorithm was developed to quantify ONH volume (ONHV) and height (ONHH) in 3D volume scans. Results: Whereas peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness did not show differences between controls and IIH patients, the newly developed 3D parameters ONHV and ONHH were able to discriminate between controls, treated and untreated patients. Both ONHV and ONHH measures were related to levels of intracranial pressure (ICP). Conclusion: Our findings suggest 3D ONH measures as assessed by SDOCT as potential diagnostic and progression markers in IIH and other disorders with increased ICP. SDOCT may promise a fast and easy diagnostic alternative to repeated lumbar punctures and could therefore ease monitoring of treatment or disease progression. Citation: Kaufhold F, Kadas EM, Schmidt C, Kunte H, Hoffmann J, et al. (2012) Optic Nerve Head Quantification in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension by Spectral Domain OCT. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36965. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0036965 Editor: Martin Stangel, Hannover Medical School, Germany. Received December 21, 2011; Accepted April 11, 2012; Published May 15, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Kaufhold et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The study was supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG Exc. 257) and a grant from the German Secretary of Economics (BMWi, ZIM KF2286101FO9). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: friedemann.paul@charite.de . These authors contributed equally to this work.