Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential responses of aquatic and aerobic forms of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and E. colona (L.) Link. by morpho-physiological and molecular analysis

Echinochloa crus-galli and E. colona are serious weeds around the world. Morphological and biochemical features of aquatic and aerobic forms of both species were investigated experimentally by transplanting the seedlings reciprocally between water-saturated and aerobic soils (70% field capacity). When the plants were grown in water-saturated soil, a significant decrease in tiller height was observed in E. crus-galli, but not in E. colona. Upon growing the plants in aerobic soil, internode length and spike dry weight increased significantly in E. crus-galli, but decreased significantly in E. colona. Growth under aerobic condition caused a significant increase in PEPC/Rubisco ratio, but a significant decrease was observed under water-saturated conditions. When E. crus-galli was transplanted in aerobic soil, several forms of peroxidase were upregulated. Contrarily, in E. colona peroxidase isoforms did not respond to habitat change. Gene expression of ADH in E. colona was constitutive at a fairly high level under native habitats then enhanced with reversing habitat that caused anoxic and mild drought conditions. Both species tend to grow faster under aerobic conditions by modifying the photosynthetic machinery and capacity of scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, ADH appears to play a role in supporting growth under water-saturated conditions.
R&D and Absorptive Capacity: Theory and Empirical Evidence*

This paper presents a single unified framework that integrates the theoretical literature on Schumpeterian endogenous growth and major strands of the empirical literature on R&D, productivity growth and productivity convergence. Starting from a structural model of endogenous growth following Aghion and Howitt (1992, 1998), we provide microeconomic foundations for the reduced-form equations for total factor productivity (TFP) growth frequently estimated empirically using industry-level data. R&D affects both innovation and the assimilation of others' discoveries ("absorptive capacity"). Long-run cross-country differences in productivity emerge endogenously, and the analysis implies that many existing studies underestimate R&D's social rate of return by neglecting absorptive capacity.
On the geography of unemployment rates and the spatial sorting of workers' schooling

A distinctive feature of unemployment is that its incidence is far from being homogeneously distributed in the territory. Disparities in unemployment rates are not only observed between countries but also between regions within countries. The available evidence indicates that since the early 80s Spain is a country of high unemployment rates, and persistently large regional disparities. In fact, there is a clear spatial divide in regions showing higher than the average rates in the Northeast, and regions with rates below the average in just a few hundred kilometres distance, in the Southwest. In contrast with the previous studies, here we use micro-data for the Spanish NUTS3 regions to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of individuals' education and regional unemployment rates. We provide novel evidence showing that i) the impact of individual's education on unemployment largely varies across regions and, ii) regional disparities in the level of educational attainment of the active population explain a big deal of the observed disparities in the regional distribution of unemployment rates, particularly in periods of high unemployment.
The pheromone verbenone and its function in Dendroctonus armandi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

The Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li is a native species of bark beetle and one of the most destructive in much of western China. Little is known about the characterization of the pheromones trans-verbenol and verbenone, and their functions in D. armandi are unknown. Electroantennogram tests (EAG) and olfactory assays (Y-tube assays) in the laboratory revealed that (1) trans-verbenol may be an anti-aggregation pheromone for male and an aggregation pheromone for female D. armandi and (2) female beetles are more attracted to controls (hexane) than low concentrations of verbenone and male beetles more attracted to controls than high concentrations of verbenone. Field trials indicated that the addition of verbenone to bait used to trap D. armandi remarkably decreased the efficiency of field trapping. These results indicate that verbenone is an anti-aggregation pheromone for male D. armandi. This research provides evidence of the role of verbenone among the different types of pheromones. The pheromone verbenone clearly could be used to protect healthy Chinese white pines.
When Teachers Believe that They Are Efficacious in Literacy Teaching

Dengan secara khusus bersandar pada teori self efficacy Albert Bandura sebagai dasar, penelitian ini menguji korelasi antara self efficacy guru literasi Indonesia dengan prestasi membaca dan menulis siswa kelas 8. Self efficacy guru dianggap sangat berhubungan dan berkontribusi terhadap prestasi membaca dan menulis siswa. Karena self efficacy berkembang dalam hubungan tiga faktor: personal, behaviorial, dan environmental, penelitian juga berfokus pada self-appraisal kinerja mengajar guru sebagai variabel behavior dan penilaian kinerja mengajar oleh kepala sekolah sebagai faktor environmental yang bisa berpengaruh terhadap self-efficacy guru dan prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian dilakukan di 19 SMP di Bandung Jawa Barat Indonesia dengan melibatkan 393 siswa, 40 guru, dan 16 kepala sekolah yang berpartisipasi secara sukarela. Sampel dipilih secara acak untuk mewakili beragam lokasi sekolah: perkotaan, pinggir kota, dan daerah. Data dikumpulkan melalui skala sikap, tes, interview, dan observasi kelas. Guru juga melengkapi Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) yang terdiri dari Teacher General Efficacy Subscale and Teacher Literacy Efficacy Subscale, dan Teacher Self-Appraisal Scale (TSAS). Siswa diminta untuk mengikuti tes membaca dan menulis sementara kepala sekolah mengisi Principal’s Rating on Teacher Performance Scale (PRTPS).
Influence of Compensation and Working Condition on Job Satisfaction and Commitment of Lecturers at the College

This study aims to investigate about the influence of compensation and working conditions on job satisfaction and commitment of lecturers at the college. Job satisfaction and commitment of lecturers at the college so need to be considered in carrying out any activities undertaken by the lecturer, without job satisfaction and commitment of the lecturers at the college will lower spirit of lecturers. Respondents in this study is a lecturer of accounting and management, there are 156 lecturers were taken as samples. Techniques determination of the sample using the slovin formula. This study uses a simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the compensation effect on job satisfaction, compensation effect on commitment of lecturers at the college, working condition effect on job satisfaction, and working conditions has no effect the commitment of lecturers at the college.
Histomorphological spectrum of paediatric CNS tumours: An experience at tertiary care centre in central India

Tumours of central nervous system occur relatively frequently in early years of life. They are the most common malignancy of childhood after leukaemia in overall cancer incidence. Paediatric brain tumours has histomorphological diversified spectrum & differ significantly from their adult counterpart. Present retrospective observational study was carried out to analyse the histomorphological spectrum of Paediatric CNS tumours at tertiary care centre from central India. This study is an attempt to map the rising trend of paediatric brain tumours in central India. This rise may be due to expansion of available neurosurgical services along with advanced imaging modalities in this part of India. Medulloblastoma, Pilocytic astrocytoma, Ependymoma, Craniopharyngioma & Choroid plexus papilloma were among the top five diagnosis in present study.
New analytical expressions of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect adapted to different observation techniques

The Rossiter-McLaughlin (hereafter RM) e ect is a key tool for measuring the projected spin-orbit angle between stellar spin axes and orbits of transiting planets. However, the measured radial velocity (RV) anomalies produced by this e ect are not intrinsic and depend on both instrumental resolution and data reduction routines. Using inappropriate formulas to model the RM e ect introduces biases, at least in the projected velocity V sini? compared to the spectroscopic value. Currently, only the iodine cell technique has been modeled, which corresponds to observations done by, e.g., the HIRES spectrograph of the Keck telescope. In this paper, we provide a simple expression of the RM e ect specially designed to model observations done by the Gaussian fit of a cross-correlation function (CCF) as in the routines performed by the HARPS team. We derived also a new analytical formulation of the RV anomaly associated to the iodine cell technique. For both formulas, we modeled the subplanet mean velocity vp and dispersion p accurately taking the rotational broadening on the subplanet profile into account. We compare our formulas adapted to the CCF technique with simulated data generated with the numerical software SOAP-T and find good agreement up to V sini? 20 km.s 1 . In contrast, the analytical models simulating the two di erent observation techniques can disagree by about 10 in V sini? for large spin-orbit misalignments. It is thus important to apply the adapted model when fitting data.
Do the "Joneses" really matter? Peer-group versus correlated effects in intertemporal consumption choice

Recent theoretical contributions have suggested consumption externalities, or peergroup effects, as a potential explanation for some of the puzzles in macroeconomics and finance. However, the empirical relevance of peer effects for intertemporal consumption choice is a completely open question. To shed some light on the issue, we derive an extension of the standard life-cycle model that allows for consumption externalities. The analysis is complicated by the challenge of disentangling actual peer effects from merely correlated effects operating through common features or shocks within peer groups. We show how to conduct reliable inference under these circumstances based on within-group equilibrium conditions that give rise to a social multiplier. This approach can be understood as an adaptation of Manski's "reflection problem framework" to the case of dynamic models with endogenous regressors. We estimate our model using US panel data from the PSID. While there is strong predictable consumption co-movement within peer groups, the evidence for true consumption externalities vanishes once correlated effects are adequately accounted for.
Farmers Choice of Crops in Canadian Prairies under Climate Change: An Econometric Analysis

As climate is an uncontrollable yet essential input in the agriculture industry, the impact of climate change may have on crop production in Saskatchewan is of importance. The main objective of this study is to investigate how farmers would adapt to climate change by switching their crop mix under future climate change scenarios. A fractional multinomial logit (FMNL) model was used to assess how total area of cropland has changed over a thirty year time period. The panel data included variables to represent the land characteristics of Saskatchewan, climatic variables, and price and policy variables in order to assess how average seeded area of each crop group changed. The results indicate that crop allocation depends largely on the price of other crop groups and temperatures in the spring (April) and summer (July). Climate plays an important role in the major crop groups, such as wheat, canola and pulses. Cool, dry springs are the ideal conditions when choosing nearly all crops, while hot, wet summers increase the choice to leave land to summerfallow. Policy and the different soil zones also play a significant role in area allocation decisions. Changes in policies such as the removal of the Crow’s Nest Pass Agreement, and the removal of oats from the Canadian wheat board (CWB) marketing, had a negative impact on the choice to grow wheat, as expected. The different soil zones in Saskatchewan played an important role in area allocation for a majority of the crops, having a negative effect on the choice of wheat over every other crop group except pulses and summerfallow. Three future climate change scenarios were simulated for each soil zone. Results indicate that under the projected changes in climate area allocated to wheat will continue to decrease into the future by 2.7 to 4.6% in various soil zones. At the same time, the area left to summerfallow is projected to increase under climate change. The choice of wheat is preferred over pulses, feed and forages, while the choice of specialty oilseeds (flaxseed, mustard seed and canary seed) are projected to become preferred over wheat in the future.
Timing and magma evolution of the Chelopech volcanic complex (Bulgaria)

The Chelopech volcanic complex is located in the Central Srednogorie magmatic zone and hosts one of the largest Cu‐Au deposits in Europe. Field observations and sedimentary relationships allow to distinguish three units of the volcanic complex: (I) dome-like bodies, (II) lava to agglomerate flows, and (III) the Vozdol lava breccias and volcanites. The volcanic rocks are porphyritic with plagioclase and amphibole phenocrysts, quartz and biotite are rare. The lava flows contain fully crystallised, fine-grained enclaves of more basic composition. Their mineral chemistry indicates mingling and mixing between two parental magmas. The geochemical evolution of the Chelopech volcanic complex developed from intermediate to basic lavas, but the evolution of the magmatism was more complex including magmatic differentiation, assimilation, mingling and mixing. The trace element distribution is typical for an active continental margin. The magmatic activity commenced at the northern border of the Chelopech region with the intrusion of dome-like bodies at 92.2 ± 0.3 Ma (U‐Pb single zircon ID-TIMS dating). The products of the second and the third units are geochronologically indistinguishable within the error uncertainties, and representative samples yield a crystallisation age of 91.3 ± 0.3 Ma. REE abundances reveal a striking positive Ce-anomaly in zircons of unit 2 and zircon core parts of unit 3, which relates to a higher oxidation state of the parental magma. Sr and Nd isotopic compositions suggest a mixed mantle and crustal source of the Turonian magma. Initial Sr ratios range between 0.70470 and 0.70554, and � 90(Nd) varies between ‐2.27 and ‐3.55. � 90(Hf) values of concordant zircons corroborate this data and range between +2.90 to +5.02 in the andesite of the first unit and from +1.06 to +1.38 in the volcanites of the second and third unit.
Digestible and metabolizable energy of crude glycerin for finishing pigs

The aim of this study was to determine the values of apparent digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) for crude glycerin derived of biodiesel based on pork fat for finishing pigs. The diets consisted of a basal diet and four levels of crude glycerin (0, 5, 10 and 15%). Twelve pigs were housed individually in metabolic cages and after seven days of adaptation, total collections of urine and feces for four consecutive days were performed. Gross energy (GE) of crude glycerin, diets, urine and fecal samples from each animal was determined. The crude glycerin used in this experiment presented 74.74% glycerin and 6,500 kcal kg -1 gross energy. The values of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were estimated by difference in the DE, and content of the basal diet was subtracted from the test diets containing the ingredient. The amount of GE, DE and ME for finishing pigs was 6,500, 5,839 and 5,509 kcal kg -1 , respectively, with a coefficient of 91.0% of DE and 94.0% of ME. The energy of crude glycerin is based on the levels of fatty acids and GE depends on the concentration of fatty acids and glycerin, ME being a percentage of GE averaging is 84.75%.
Management of Vertisols for Maximising Crop Production - ICRISAT Experience

Vertisols are an important group of soils in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of lndia and elsewhere. They have high water-storage capacity and high production potential, which remains under-utilised because of the difficulty of managig these soils and the use of traditional technology. Drought and poor dniw are twin problems which discourage most farmers from cropping these mils m the rainy season and make them resort to post-rainy cropping, A technology based on the watershed concept, broadbed-and-furrow syrtan and land management, use of improved implements, high-yielding varieties, double-cropping and intercropping systems, balanced.we of fertiliser and good crop management practices has been evolved and tested for 8 yearsat lCRlSAT Center, near Hyderabad. The technology offers the possibility of incrtosing yield to 3 to 5 tonnesl ha and of giving profits up to 250% on the investment. The improved technology reduces soil and water lossand increases production. It is likely to improve the employment potential and well-being of the people of the SAT. The technology needs trials in different agroclirnatic environments in lndia and also critical evaluation and modification elsewhere.
Does education influence the acceptability of faecal microbiota transplantation in colitis: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives: Dysbiosis can have a profound effect on the health of the individual and is considered to be a contributing factor to many health problems such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Clostridium difficile infection. Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is potentially a safe method of renewing the ecology and correcting the dysbiosis, so alleviating the associated conditions. This study aims to identify any barriers to the acceptability of FMT in colitis patients and whether these barriers can be overcome through education. Methods: An unsolicited online survey distributed via Crohn’s and Colitis (CCUK) to approximately 900 members suffering from colitis. Results: 224 responses were received, a response rate of 25%. 36.2% (n = 81) of respondents were male. The age range of participants was 19–81 years (mean 45.1). After the demographic and medical status questions, participants were asked “Does FMT sound acceptable to you? ” Out of the respondents that answered this question only 37.1% (n = 78, 43.2% of these being male) agreed with this statement, with the remainder answering no (n = 40) or unsure (n = 92). After various questions and explanations examining the process of FMT, individuals were asked this question again with 53.6% (n = 105, 59.7% of these being male) stating that this procedure was now acceptable (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The acceptability of FMT was found to be low but can be improved with the provision of information.
Marketing Strategies of Commercial Fish Farming under Economic Stimulus Programme (ESP) in Kenya: An Empirical Study of Kitui County

Fish farming continues to be the fast growing animal production industry and this rate of expansion must continue if aquaculture was to satisfy global demand for fish products. Kitui County which is largely arid and semi-arid land has not been left out in ensuring that fish farming develops to bridge the gap as a source of the alternative livelihood to the local community. The main objective of the research study was to determine marketing strategies of commercial fish farming in Kitui County. The study specifically aimed at; determining the effect of product branding on marketing of commercial fish farming, assessing the effect of sales promotion as a market strategy of fish products under ESP; establish the effect of market positioning in commercial fish farming under ESP and find out the core effect of competences in marketing. The study population comprised of a total of 667 fish farmers selected across eight constituencies of Kitui County. The study adopted a simple random sampling technique to select a sample size of 200 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the major data collection instruments and administered to the respondents. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results were presented using charts and tables. The results from the study have clearly indicated that the product branding, sales promotion, market positioning and core competences marketing strategies affect commercial fish farming under economic stimulus. These four factors had different indices of determinacy with branding of fish products being main influencing factor closely followed by core competences. Sales promotion and the market positioning were found to be also important in determining commercial fish farming. Most of commercialized fish farmers would not easily sell their produce due to poor mechanisms of marketing. These can be associated to lack of enough branding of fish products and fish farmers low competences. This study found the need for comparative commercial fish farming marketing studies in other counties to reach elaborative findings for this industry. 1.0 Background of the Study
Exploring the Unknown: Predicting the Responses of Publics not yet Surveyed

This article argues that cultural change is roughly predictable: to a large extent, it is shaped by a few variables included in a model of cultural modernization that is presented here. The beliefs and values of a society's people are also affected by unique world events and country-specific factors that would not fit into a general model, such as a given society's political parties and leaders, so our predictions will not be precisely accurate. Nevertheless, in this article we will stick our necks out and predict the locations on two major cultural dimensions of all the countries likely to be included in the next wave of the World Values Survey, to be carried out in 2005–2006. Using a simple predictive model based on our revised version of modernization theory, we first ‘predict’ and test the positions that 80 societies should have on a two major dimensions of cross-cultural variation in the most recent wave of surveys (carried out in 1999–2001); we find that our predictions are surprisingly accurate: the average prediction for a given country falls within a small radius of the location that is actually observed on the cross-cultural map (specifically: the average prediction and the actual location fall within a circle that occupies less than two percent of the map's area). We then use this same model to predict the survey responses that we expect to find for 120 countries that are most likely to be surveyed in the next wave of surveys, in 2005–2006. Almost half of these countries have not been included in our previous surveys (and a number have never been covered in any survey of which we are aware). These are genuine blind predictions – which we believe is an important challenge for social scientists. Our predictions will not be exactly correct; in some cases, they will not even be in the right ballpark. But we are confident that in the great majority of cases, they will come much closer to the observed results than would random guesses. We are confident that these a priori predictions will be reasonably close to the results obtained from actual fieldwork, because analysis of data from more than 60 societies surveyed in previous waves of the World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys indicates that cross-cultural differences in basic values have a surprisingly consistent relationship with economic development. The values and beliefs of mass publics vary a great deal cross-nationally, but they tend to vary in a roughly predictable way that can be derived from a revised version of modernization theory.