Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Persistent and Broadly Modulating Effect of Inhibitory rTMS in Nonfluent Aphasic Patients

Background. While prior preliminary studies have broadened our understanding of how repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves language outcomes in stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia, the evidence base of the effectiveness of this method remains inadequate. Objective. In this study, we aimed to strengthen the evidence that this approach improves language performance and to identify characteristics of patients predisposed to benefit most from this treatment. Methods. Fifty-six stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia were randomly allocated to a real or a sham stimulation group: Group A (n = 33), who underwent 10 sessions of 1-Hz rTMS over the contralesional pars triangularis (PTr), and Group B (n = 23), who received sham 1-Hz stimulation. We performed the Picture Naming Test and the Concise Chinese Aphasia Test (CCAT) at the baseline, post-rTMS intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Results. Group A showed significantly greater improvement than Group B in CCAT scoring (P < .001), object-naming accuracy (P = .01), and naming reaction time (P = .004). The CCAT scoring and naming testing changes for Group A were persistent at 3 months following intervention (P = .008). Patients who had a lower contralesional rest motor threshold (rMT) were predisposed to a favorable therapeutic outcome (P = .006), independent of aphasia type, severity, and duration. Conclusions. The results of this study provide evidence that inhibitory rTMS, through downregulating the circuitry of the right pars triangularis (PTr), achieves a persistent and broadly modulating effect, irrespective of aphasia severity and subtype. Patients who show lower rMT in the right motor system would seem to benefit the most from inhibitory rTMS.
Casein Kinase 1 Regulates Connexin-43 Gap Junction Assembly*

Phosphorylation of members of the connexin family of gap junction proteins has been correlated with gap junction assembly, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We have examined the role of casein kinase 1 (CK1) in connexin-43 (Cx43) gap junction assembly. Cellular co-immunoprecipitation experiments and in vitro CK1 phosphorylation reactions indicate that CK1 interacted with and phosphorylated Cx43, initially on serine(s) 325, 328, or 330.32Pi-Metabolically labeled cells treated with CKI-7, a specific CK1 inhibitor, showed a reduction in Cx43 phosphorylation on site(s) that can be phosphorylated by CK1 in vitro. To examine CK1 function, normal rat kidney cells were treated with CKI-7, and Cx43 content was analyzed by Triton X-100 extraction, cell-surface biotinylation, and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis indicated a slight increase in total Cx43, whereas gap junctional (Triton-insoluble) Cx43 decreased, and non-junctional plasma membrane Cx43 increased (as detected by cell surface biotinylation). Immunofluorescence experiments in the presence of CK1 inhibitor showed increases in Cx43 plasma membrane localization but not necessarily accumulation at cell-cell interfaces. Decreased gap junctional and phosphorylated Cx43 was also detected when cells were treated with IC261, a CK1 inhibitor specific for δ or ε isoforms. These data suggest CK1δ could regulate Cx43 gap junction assembly by directly phosphorylating Cx43.
The Impact of Ventilator-Associated Events in Critically Ill Subjects With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

BACKGROUND: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently released a surveillance definition for respiratory complications in ventilated patients, ventilator-associated events (VAEs), to replace ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). VAEs consist of ventilator-associated conditions (VAC), infection-related ventilator-associated complications (IVAC), and possible VAP. A duration of mechanical ventilation of at least 4 d is required to diagnose VAE. However, the observed duration of mechanical ventilation was < 4 d in many previous studies. We evaluated the impact of VAEs on clinical outcomes in critically ill subjects who required mechanical ventilation for ≥ 4 d. METHODS: This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in the general ICU of an academic hospital. We included 407 adult subjects who were admitted to the ICU and required mechanical ventilation for at least 4 d. VAC and IVAC were identified from the electronic medical records. VAP was defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2008 criteria and was identified from the surveillance data of the infection control team of our hospital. Clinical outcomes were studied in the VAC, IVAC, and VAP groups. Possible VAP was not investigated. RESULTS: Higher mortality was seen in VAC and IVAC subjects, but not in VAP subjects, compared with those without VAEs and VAP. By multivariable hazard analysis for hospital mortality, IVAC was independently associated with hospital mortality (hazard ratio 2.42, 95% CI 1.39–4.20, P = .002). VAC also tended to show a similar association with hospital mortality (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI 0.97–2.18, P = .07). On the other hand, VAP did not increase a hazard of hospital death (hazard ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.44–2.66, P = .87). CONCLUSIONS: We found that a VAE was related to hospital mortality in critically ill subjects with prolonged mechanical ventilation, and that VAP was not.
A Reception Analysis of HIV and AIDS Messages in Five Most Circulated Magazines in South Africa

6 INTRODUCTION . 8 CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND . 12 Rationale and scope of study . 12 HIV and AIDS in South Africa . 13 Health Communication, HIV and AIDS and the Media . 14 The Industry of South African Magazines . 15 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW . 20 Mass Communication, the Media and Culture . 20 Entertainment Education . 23 Development Communication, Behaviour Change and Social Change . 24 Women’s Magazines . 26 Women’s Health . 30 CHAPTER THREE – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK . 33 Mass Communication Theories . 33 Uses and Gratification Theory . 35 Social Learning/Social Cognitive Theory . 36 CHAPTER FOUR – METHODOLOGY . 38 Interpretive Paradigm & Qualitative Approach . 38 Women-centred Sense-Making Approach . 39 Reception Analysis & qualitative Data . 41 Sense-Making Time-Line Interview . 43 Purposive Sampling . 44 NVivo Research Software . 45 Validity, Reliability and Limitations . 45 CHAPTER FIVE – ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS . 47 Profile of Participants & Descriptive Criteria. 47 Health Content of South African Magazines. 48 Consumption of Women’s Magazines & Perception of HIV and AIDS Messages . 50 Effects and Contradictions of Women’s Magazines . 57 Interaction with others . 65 Conflict of Interest with Women’s Magazines . 68 CHAPTER SIX – CONCLUSION . 71 Women’s Magazines in a South African Context . 71 In the Context of Entertainment, Motivation and Relatedness . 74 Duality of Women’s Magazines and Female Community . 75 Educating Educators . 76 SWOT Analysis of HIV and AIDS Messages in Women’s Magazines . 77 REFERENCES . 81 Primary Sources . 81 Secondary Sources . 81 Internet Sources . 88 APPENDICES . 91 APPENDIX ONE: Interview Questions . 91 APPENDIX TWO: Magazine article used during interviews. 94
The use of accelerometry in adolescents and its implementation with non-wear time activity diaries in free-living conditions

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a non-wearing time activity diary (hereafter non-wear activity diary) when using accelerometry in adolescents to provide insight into their physical activity levels. In total, 213 Belgian adolescents (89 boys, 124 girls) were eligible for this study. Adolescents wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days and kept a non-wear activity diary. On the last day, they completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. The differences between the accelerometer data with and without use of the non-wear activity diary were significant for all physical activity intensities according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Bland-Altman plots showed that with more time spent in any physical activity intensity, the difference between including and not including the non-wear activity diary increased. The correlation coefficient between the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the accelerometer data increased when the non-wear activity diary was included. Differences in the percentage of adolescents reaching the physical activity recommendations between the accelerometer data only and the accelerometer with the non-wear activity diary were significant. We conclude that if the non-wear activity diary data are not included, some adolescents could be misclassified as not being physically active according to the physical activity recommendations. It is therefore recommended to use a non-wear activity diary for gaining insight into the physical activity levels of individuals.
Arthroscopic anterior stabilization of the shoulder: two to six-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the surgical outcomes of arthroscopic repair of anterior capsulolabral lesions with use of suture anchors in a large series of patients who were followed for two to six years. METHODS We evaluated the results of arthroscopic Bankart repair with use of suture anchors and nonabsorbable sutures in 167 patients with traumatic recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder. The mean age at the time of the operation was twenty-five years. Preoperatively and at the time of follow-up (at a mean of forty-four months), the patients were assessed with three objective outcome measurement tools (the Rowe score, the University of California at Los Angeles [UCLA] shoulder rating scale, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score) and two subjective measurement tools (pain and function visual analog scales). The recurrence rate, range of motion, and risk factors for postoperative recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS All shoulder scores improved after surgery (p < 0.001). According to the Rowe scale, 130 patients (78%) had an excellent score; twenty-nine (17%), a good score; six (4%), a fair score; and two (1%), a poor score. Overall, the rate of postoperative recurrence of instability was 4% (one dislocation, two subluxations, and four positive results on the anterior apprehension test). Postoperative recurrence was related to an osseous defect of >30% of the entire glenoid circumference. In the patients with recurrent postoperative instability, the episodes were less frequent than they had been preoperatively and shoulder function was related to activity level. A revision arthroscopic Bankart repair stabilized three of the four shoulders in which it was performed. One hundred and fifty-two patients (91%) returned to >/=90% of their preinjury activity level. The mean loss of external rotation (and standard deviation) was 2.0 degrees +/- 4.0 degrees. CONCLUSIONS We found that, in contrast to previous reports on the results of arthroscopic repair, arthroscopic capsulolabral repair with use of suture anchors can provide satisfactory outcomes in terms of recurrence rate, activity, and range of motion.
Hip muscle strength and endurance in females with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee conditions experienced by adolescents and young adults, seen particularly in women. Clinicians and researchers need to understand how proximal, local, or distal factors may influence the development of PFP and affect individuals once they have developed PFP. Proximal factors are the focus of recent studies and the purpose of this systematic review was to determine if females with PFP have hip muscle strength or endurance deficits when compared to their unaffected leg and to comparison groups. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant studies in the databases PubMed, PEDro, ScienceDirect and EBSCOhost up to June 2013. Data including study design, participants demographic data, and assessments of hip muscle strength or endurance were extracted from individual trials. The mean differences of hip muscles strength or endurance between females with PFP and healthy controls or unaffected side were extracted or calculated from individual trials and, when possible, a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS Ten cross-sectional studies were included in this review. Concerning isometric strength, pooled data reported deficit in hip abduction, extension, external rotation and flexion but no deficit in adduction and internal rotation when compared with healthy controls. When compared with the unaffected side, deficit in hip abduction was reported in two studies and deficit in extension and external rotation in one study. Studies with isokinetic strength evaluation reported deficit in abduction but contradictory results for extensors and rotators in females with PFPS. Finally, one study reported hip endurance deficit in extension and one found no significant differences in hip endurance compared to control subjects. CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review confirm that females with PFPS have deficit in hip muscle strength compared with healthy controls and the unaffected side but are contradictory concerning endurance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2a.
A Compact Miniaturized Frequency Selective Surface with Stable Resonant Frequency

A compact miniaturized frequency selective surface (FSS) with stable resonant frequency is proposed in this letter. The proposed FSS is composed of four spiral triangles connected in the middle of the unit cell, symmetrically. Simulated results show that the dimension of the element is only 0. 0558λ0 × 0. 0558λ0, and reduction in FSS size is up to 97.7% with respect to conventional cross-dipole FSS operating at the same frequency of 2.7 GHz. Also, the proposed FSS has great angular stability, and the resonant frequency deviation keeps below 0.4% for both TM and TE polarizations of 60◦ incident angle.
A Single Enzyme Catalyses Formation of Trypanothione from Glutathione and Spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi *

Protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida differ from other organisms in their ability to conjugate glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) and spermidine to form trypanothione [N 1,N 8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine], a metabolite involved in defense against chemical and oxidant stress and other biosynthetic functions. In Crithidia fasciculata, trypanothione is synthesized from GSH and spermidine via the intermediate glutathionylspermidine in two distinct ATP-dependent reactions catalyzed by glutathionylspermidine synthetase (GspS; EC 6.3.1.8) and trypanothione synthetase (TryS; EC 6.3.1.9), respectively. Here we have cloned a single copy gene (TcTryS) from Trypanosoma cruziencoding a protein with 61% sequence identity withCfTryS but only 31% with CfGspS.Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed withTcTryS were able to synthesize glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione, suggesting that this enzyme is able to catalyze both biosynthetic steps, unlike CfTryS. When cultures were supplemented with aminopropylcadaverine, yeast transformants contained glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine and homotrypanothione [N 1,N 9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine], metabolites that have been previously identified in T. cruzi, but not in C. fasciculata. Kinetic studies on recombinant TcTryS purified fromEscherichia coli revealed that the enzyme displays high-substrate inhibition with glutathione (K m andK i of 0.57 and 1.2 mm, respectively, and k cat of 3.4 s−1), but obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics with spermidine, aminopropylcadaverine, glutathionylspermidine, and MgATP as variable substrate. The recombinant enzyme possesses weak amidase activity and can hydrolyze trypanothione, homotrypanothione, or glutathionylspermidine to glutathione and the corresponding polyamine.
Head Movements during Chewing: Relation to Size and Texture of Bolus

Coordinated mandibular and head-neck movements during jaw opening-closing activities suggest a close functional linkage between the jaw and the neck regions. The present study investigated whether size and texture of bolus can influence head-neck behavior during chewing. Using an optoelectronic 3-D recording technique, we analyzed concomitant mandibular and head-neck movements in 12 healthy adults chewing small (3 g) and large (9 g) boluses of chewing gum and Optosil®. The main finding was a head extension during chewing, the amount of which was related mainly to bolus size. Furthermore, each chewing cycle was accompanied not only by mandibular movements, but also by head extension-flexion movements. Larger head movement amplitudes were correlated with larger size and, to some extent, also with harder texture of the bolus. The results suggest that head-neck behavior during chewing is modulated in response to changes in jaw sensory-motor input.
Classification of Semisimple Algebraic Monoids

Let X be a semisimple algebraic monoid with unit group G. Associated with E is its polyhedral root system ( X , @, C), where X = X(T) is the character group of the maximal torus T c G, @ c X ( T ) is the set of roots, and C = x ( T ) is the character monoid of T c E (Zariski closure). The correspondence E + ( X , @, C) is a complete and discriminating invariant of the semisimple monoid E, extending the well-known classification of semisimple groups. In establishing this result, monoids with preassigned root data are first constructed from linear representations of G. That done, we then show that any other semisimple monoid must be isomorphic to one of those constructed. To do this we devise an extension principle based on a monoid analogue of the big cell construction of algebraic group theory. Thls, ultimately, yields the desired conclusions. Consider the classification problem for semisimple, algebraic monoids over the algebraically closed field k. What sort of problem is this? First the definition: A semisimple, algebraic monoid is an irreducible, affine, algebraic variety E, defined over k together with an associative morphlsm m : E x E + E and a two-sided unit 1 E: E for m . We assume further that E has a 0, the unit group G (which is always linear, algebraic and dense in E), is reductive (e.g. Gl,(k)), dim ZG = 1and E is a normal variety. The problem then, presents us with two familiar objects. Let T c G be a maximal torus. Then Z = T c E (Zariski closure) is an affine, torus embedding and G c E is a reductive, algebraic group. Torus embeddings have been introduced by Demazure in [6] in his study of Cremona groups, and are classified numerically using rational, polyhedral cones [14]. On the other hand, reductive groups have been studied, at least in principle, since the nineteenth century; their classification in the modern sense being achieved largely by Chevalley [4]. That numerical classification uses the now familiar root systems [ l l , Chapter 31 of Killing that were introduced by him [15]in his penetrating formulation of the classification (E. Cartan's! ) of semisimple Lie algebras. Thus, in the classification of semisimple monoids we are compelled to consider the root system (X , @) = (X(T), @(T)) of G, and the polyhedral cone C = X(Z) c X(T) of T c Z. The two objects are canonically related by the Weyl group action on X, which leaves C stable. Received by the editors November 16, 1984. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 14M99; Secondary 20M99.
Thoughts on Ocular Dominance—Is It Actually a Preference?

Background: Ocular dominance has been studied for many years, and there have been many attempts to correlate eye dominance with athletic performance. Although many reports have failed to show a correlation, some reports have shown a relationship between sports performance and eye dominance. Methods: This report reviews some of those studies and the tests of eye dominance used in the reports. Additionally, we review the physical basis of eye dominance and the role of the binocular visual system in its determination. Lastly, a review of common facts and fallacies relating to ocular dominance is provided. Results/Conclusion: It is suggested that the visual system is designed as a binocular system, and only tests that allow for maintenance of binocular vision during the determination of ocular preference should be used if an accurate evaluation is to be made.
One Model of Lightning Discharge Electromagnetic Field in the Vicinity of Single Protection Rod in Frequency Domain

In this paper unknown current distribution (UCD) is determined along vertical mast antenna (VMA) which models lightning discharge channel (LDC) in the vicinity of vertical lightning protection rod (LPR) in frequency domain. Counterpoises of VMA and LPR are modeled by small semi-spherical ground electrodes, while real ground is modeled as homogeneous lossy half-space (LHS). VMA and LPR are treated as unique system as for boundary conditions which results in the System of integral equations of two potentials (SIE-TP) for UCD-s along VMA and LPR. SIE-TP is numerically solved by using point matching method (PMM) and polynomial approximation for the UCD-s. The influence of the real ground, expressed through Sommerfeld's integral kernel (SIK), is modeled using new so- called two-image approximation (TIA). This approximation gives good results for modeling in both near and far field. The lightning impulse problem can thus be solved using IFT (inverse Fourier transform) applied to the results in frequency domain obtained for each frequency in the presented way.
Kinetic Analysis of the Fate of Nitric Oxide Synthesized by Macrophages in Vitro*

To investigate the fate of nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by activated macrophages, the concentrations of NO and its principal reaction products, nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3), were measured as a function of time in suspension cultures of RAW264.7 macrophages attached to microcarrier beads. Synthesis of NO became evident 2-5 h after stimulation of the cells, and steady concentrations of NO were achieved after about 9 h. The appearance of NO in the extracellular fluid coincided with the appearance of NO2 and NO3, which were formed thereafter at approximately equal and constant rates. Using a kinetic model based on rate constants measured previously in cell-free systems, only half of the NO2 formed could be accounted for by the reaction of NO with O2. It is known that NO reacts with superoxide (O2) to give peroxynitrite and that NO also reacts with peroxynitrite to yield NO2, so that the latter reaction may explain the “excess” NO2 formation. Adding superoxide dismutase to the medium markedly reduced the ratio of NO3 to NO2, consistent with the hypothesis that NO3 in the medium results primarily from the extracellular reaction of NO with O2. The addition of morpholine, a model amine, resulted in formation of N-nitrosomorpholine, concurrent with the other products. Measured rates of nitrosomorpholine formation were 6-fold lower than predictions based on kinetics in simple solutions, suggesting that in the cell culture system there were additional reactions that lowered the concentration of nitrous anhydride, the principal nitrosating agent formed from NO and O2.