Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A history of loss of consciousness or post-traumatic amnesia in minor head injury: “conditio sine qua non” or one of the risk factors?

Objective: A history of loss of consciousness (LOC) or post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is commonly considered a prerequisite for minor head injury (MHI), although neurocranial complications also occur when LOC/PTA are absent, particularly in the presence of other risk factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether known risk factors for complications after MHI in the absence of LOC/PTA have the same predictive value as when LOC/PTA are present. Methods: A prospective multicentre study was performed in four university hospitals between February 2002 and August 2004 of consecutive blunt head injury patients (⩾16 years) presenting with a normal level of consciousness and a risk factor. Outcome measures were any neurocranial traumatic CT finding and neurosurgical intervention. Common odds ratios (OR) were estimated for each of the risk factors and tested for homogeneity. Results: 2462 patients were included: 1708 with and 754 without LOC/PTA. Neurocranial traumatic findings on CT were present in 7.5% and were more common when LOC/PTA was present (8.7%). Neurosurgical intervention was required in 0.4%, irrespective of the presence of LOC/PTA. ORs were comparable across the two subgroups (p>0.05), except for clinical evidence of a skull fracture, with high ORs both when LOC/PTA was present (OR = 37, 95% CI 17 to 80) or absent (OR = 6.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 27). LOC and PTA had significant ORs of 1.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.7) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3), respectively. Conclusion: Known risk factors have comparable ORs in MHI patients with or without LOC or PTA. MHI patients without LOC or PTA need to be explicitly considered in clinical guidelines.
Expression of leukocyte common antigen in lymphoblastic lymphoma and small noncleaved undifferentiated non‐Burkitt's lymphoma: An immunohistochemical study

Nine cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and eight cases of small, noncleaved undifferentiated non‐Burkitt's lymphoma were studied. All cases were stained with monoclonal antibodies, directed to the leukocyte common antigen (LCA), B‐ and T‐cell markers as well as Calla. Small noncleaved, undifferentiated non‐Burkitt's lymphomas were LCA positive and expressed one or more B‐cell markers. Three cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma were LCA positive and showed reactivity with antibodies OKT4, OKT6 and OKT8. The six remaining cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma were LCA negative, except for only one case that was weakly LCA positive using more sensitive detection methods. Two of the LCA negative cases expressed Calla, and four cases did not show any reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies used. In all LCA negative cases, small residual non‐neoplastic nodules representing remnants of lymphoid follicles, could be detected. Since five out of nine cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma were LCA negative, lack of staining for LCA does not preclude the diagnosis of lymphoma.
Magic Power: changing gender dynamics and sex-enhancement practices among youths in Makassar, Indonesia

This paper examines changing sexualities and gender relations as they are reflected in the use of sexual enhancement products by young women and men in the eastern Indonesian city of Makassar. To examine the relationships between the use of these products and socially sanctioned gender roles, their ‘gender scripts’ were studied – the assumptions embedded in the products’ design and advertising. What kinds of femininity and masculinity are expressed through their use? It was found that the most popular products – ‘magic tissues’ that promise to prolong erections and a ‘neotraditional’ vaginal wash that promises to cleanse, perfume, and tighten vaginas – espouse the dual purpose of promoting sexual pleasure and hygiene. While it was found that the images in advertising to reflect changing gender relations in the field site, this research also points to enduring gender scripts in Indonesian culture: men should be virile, women should be clean and attractive.
A role of the rural elementary principal: Increasing reading literacy in third graders living in poverty through advocating community partnerships

Bridging the achievement gap for elementary students living in poverty can be accomplished by creating relationships with community partnerships. It is also reasonable to believe that the role of the elementary principal has the potential for building capacity with community partners, while also improving student achievement for young readers through advocating these partnerships. For the purpose of this case study, mixed-methods afforded an in-depth investigation of this role. The theoretical framework of community partnership expert, Joyce Epstein, was woven into this study to explore the three research questions guiding this study. A focus group meeting with ten community partners and parents highlighted the importance of the principal having compassion and a non-judgemental, welcoming demeanor, especially when families and partners visit the school. The information gleaned from the focus group can be used for schools desiring to start, or improve upon community partnership activities. The online, Likert scale survey distributed statewide to 169 rural elementary principals leading in high poverty populations, revealed four, primary themes of importance to the role of the principal: 1) one who advocates partnerships, 2) one who offers volunteer opportunities in the school, 3) one who effectively communicates, and 4) one who takes time to meet with partners. Analysis of reading test scores provided evidence of a strong correlation relationship between reading proficiency and rural students who are identified as economically disadvantaged (.663). A welcomed discovery in the findings revealed that the state reading literacy proficiency scores for the third graders at the target school (91%) were actually higher than the state reading proficiency for all third graders by two percentage points. This study fills the gap that exists in literature concerning the role of the rural, elementary principal and the impact this role has on community partnerships in high poverty, rural schools. Implications for educational policy can
A maximum likelihood approach to blind separation of narrowband digital communication signals

We present a maximum likelihood (ML) approach for deconvolving a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) non-dispersive system and recovering its inputs, from observation of its outputs. We apply this approach to the specific problem of separating several narrowband digital communication signals that share the same frequency band. A computationally efficient adaptive algorithm for solving this problem is presented, and is shown to be insensitive to lack of precise knowledge of the signals carrier frequencies and phases. Thus, the proposed algorithm can be applied at the front-end of a multi-channel digital communication receiver, whose outputs are then fed into conventional single-channel receivers. Some examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Bank Credit and Economic Growth in a Recessed Economy

The study examines the extent to which Bank Credit relates to economic growth in a recessed economy. The objective of the study is to determine the extent of relationship that exist between Bank Credit and economic growth of selected Small Scale Enterprises in Nigeria from 1992 to 2015. The study employs Philip-Peron and Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test, Johansen Co-integration, OLS regression and Granger Causality. The result of the study revealed that Bank credit to Small Scale Enterprises significantly related to economic growth in the short run and long run. Hence, the study recommends that Bank Credit to Small Scale Enterprises should be increased to grow the economy like the developed economy that thrives on Small Scale Enterprises. Keywords: Bank Credit, Small Scale enterprises, GDP
Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhotic patients: A systematic review

Background and Aim: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a very common complication in patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The purpose of this study is to determine the most robust predictors of post‐TIPS HE by performing a systematic review of studies that identified the risk factors for patients with post‐TIPS HE.
A brief educational intervention increases providers' human papillomavirus vaccine knowledge

Recommendation by a healthcare provider is critical to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in the US. However, current deficits in providers' knowledge of HPV and its vaccine are not fully understood and interventions to amend knowledge gaps are untested. To determine whether attending a structured presentation could increase provider knowledge of the HPV vaccine, we assessed knowledge levels of physicians, non-physician healthcare workers, and medical students before and after attending a 30-minute lecture held between October 2012 and June 2014. Paired t-test and McNemar's test were used to compare knowledge scores and the proportion of correct responses for each question, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine correlates of baseline knowledge and change in knowledge scores post-intervention. A total of 427 participants, including 75 physicians, 208 medical students, and 144 nurses or other healthcare workers, attended one of 16 presentations and responded to both pre-test and post-test surveys. Baseline knowledge was low among all groups, with scores higher among older participants and physicians/medical students. On average, knowledge scores significantly improved from 8 to 15 after the presentation (maximum possible score 16) (P < .001), irrespective of specialty, race/ethnicity, gender, and age. Although lower at baseline, knowledge scores of younger participants and non-physician healthcare workers (e.g., nurses, physician assistants (PAs), nursing students) improved the most of all groups. We conclude that a brief, structured presentation increased HPV knowledge among a variety of healthcare workers, even when their baseline knowledge was low.
Evidence on rationality and behavioural biases in investment decision making

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases among individual investors in India, as well as to examine the influence of demographic variables on rational decision-making process and how those differences manifest themselves in the form of behavioural biases. Design/methodology/approach - Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 386 valid responses have been collected from May to October 2015. Statistical techniques like Findings - The findings show that the structural path model closely fits the sample data, indicating investors follow a rational decision-making process while investing. However, behavioural biases also arise in different stages of the decision-making process. It further explores that gender and income have a significant difference with respect to rational decision-making process. Male investors are more prone to overconfidence and herding bias in India. Research limitations/implications - The findings of the study have significant implication for the individual investors. It is recommended that if individuals are aware about the biases, they may become alert before taking irrational investment decisions. Originality/value - To best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is a first of its kind to investigate the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases among individual investors in India.
Real-Time Risk Prediction on the Wards: A Feasibility Study

Objective:Failure to detect clinical deterioration in the hospital is common and associated with poor patient outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of real-time risk stratification using the electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage score, an electronic health record-based early warning score. Design:We conducted a prospective black-box validation study. Data were transmitted via HL7 feed in real time to an integration engine and database server wherein the scores were calculated and stored without visualization for clinical providers. The high-risk threshold was set a priori. Timing and sensitivity of electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage score activation were compared with standard-of-care Rapid Response Team activation for patients who experienced a ward cardiac arrest or ICU transfer. Setting:Three general care wards at an academic medical center. Patients:A total of 3,889 adult inpatients. Measurements and Main Results:The system generated 5,925 segments during 5,751 admissions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage score was 0.88 for cardiac arrest and 0.80 for ICU transfer, consistent with previously published derivation results. During the study period, eight of 10 patients with a cardiac arrest had high-risk electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage scores, whereas the Rapid Response Team was activated on two of these patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage score identified 52% (n = 201) of the ICU transfers compared with 34% (n = 129) by the current system (p < 0.001). Patients met the high-risk electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage score threshold a median of 30 hours prior to cardiac arrest or ICU transfer versus 1.7 hours for standard Rapid Response Team activation. Conclusions:Electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage score identified significantly more cardiac arrests and ICU transfers than standard Rapid Response Team activation and did so many hours in advance.
Role of the Spore Coat Layers in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide, Artificial UV-C, UV-B, and Solar UV Radiation

ABSTRACT Spores of Bacillus subtilis possess a thick protein coat that consists of an electron-dense outer coat layer and a lamellalike inner coat layer. The spore coat has been shown to confer resistance to lysozyme and other sporicidal substances. In this study, spore coat-defective mutants of B. subtilis (containing thegerE36 and/or cotE::cat mutation) were used to study the relative contributions of spore coat layers to spore resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and various artificial and solar UV treatments. Spores of strains carrying mutations in gerE and/or cotE were very sensitive to lysozyme and to 5% H2O2, as were chemically decoated spores of the wild-type parental strain. Spores of all coat-defective strains were as resistant to 254-nm UV-C radiation as wild-type spores were. Spores possessing thegerE36 mutation were significantly more sensitive to artificial UV-B and solar UV radiation than wild-type spores were. In contrast, spores of strains possessing thecotE::cat mutation were significantly more resistant to all of the UV treatments used than wild-type spores were. Spores of strains carrying both the gerE36 andcotE::cat mutations behaved likegerE36 mutant spores. Our results indicate that the spore coat, particularly the inner coat layer, plays a role in spore resistance to environmentally relevant UV wavelengths.
Mechanism of Posterior Semicircular Canal Stimulation in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

A quantitative study of the stimuli and vestibulo-ocular response associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) was made to test and further develop the canalithiasis theory of BPPV. The angular velocities of the head in the planes of the semicircular canals during the Dix-Hallpike test were measured in four healthy subjects using electromagnetic sensors to record the position of the head in a six degrees of freedom paradigm. Next, the nystagmus reactions in seven patients diagnosed with idiopathic BPPV were recorded with video-oculography. The characteristics of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) response were analyzed using three-dimensional vector techniques. The angular velocity of the head was primarily, but not exclusively, in the plane of the posterior semicircular canal (PSC) in question. Both the anterior and horizontal canals were also stimulated by a lesser degree. The duration of the motion stimulus in the PSC was <1.3 s with peak angular velocities of 150 deg/s. The eye response in BPPV patients began 4 s after the test and had a duration of 15-20 s. Peak slow-component eye velocities of about 42 deg/s were reached 3-5 s after onset of nystagmus. The motion of the eye, as predicted by the cupulolithiasis theory, is disconjugated and has torsional, vertical, and horizontal components. In the eye ipsilateral to the tested ear it is primarily torsional (0.80, 0.54, 0.16) and in the contralateral eye it is mainly vertical (0.57, 0.73, 0.08). These results suggest that particles, initially resting on the floor of the cupula dome in the PSC, are perturbed by the Dix-Hallpike test and disperse freely into the endolymph where they are propelled by gravity into the canal lumen. This creates abnormal pressure on the cupula and the specific VOR activation of the ipsilateral superior oblique and the contralateral inferior rectus muscles, whose force vectors are indistinguishable from the measured eye motion vectors. The estimated pressure exerted on the crista is approximately 10-2 dyn/cm2.
Fine needle aspiration cytology, in relationships to clinical examination and mammography in the diagnosis of a solid breast mass

The accuracy of clinical examination, mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology in identifying malignancy has been assessed in 1655 breast masses from two time periods. Clinical examination and mammography remained consistent at identifying malignancy but 9 per cent of all breast carcinomas were considered benign by both techniques (sensitivity 91 per cent). Fine needle aspiration cytology, when performed by multiple aspirators in the first study period, had a sensitivity of only 66 per cent for malignancy. During the second period of study, when all aspirates were performed by a single aspirator, sensitivity rose to 99 per cent. The two patients with false negative cytology in this latter period had both clinical and mammographic evidence of malignancy. No patient with malignant cytology was subsequently shown to have benign disease. It is concluded that a combination of clinical examination and mammography, with fine needle aspiration cytology performed by committed individuals with aptitude for the technique and interpreted by experienced pathologists, can identify all patients with breast cancer before surgery.
An Effective Algorithm to Find Elementary Siphons in a Class of Petri Nets

As a structural object of Petri nets, siphons play a key role in the development of deadlock prevention policies for resource allocation systems. Elementary siphons are a novel concept in net theory. Based on graph theory, this paper proposes an effective algorithm with polynomial complexity to find a set of elementary siphons for a linear system of simple sequential processes with resources (LS3 PR), a subclass of Petri nets, which can model many flexible manufacturing systems. The algorithm is established through the use of a resource directed graph and complementary sets of strict minimal siphons (SMS) of the net. The upper bound of the number of SMS in such a net is identified. A running example is used to demonstrate the proposed method.
Clinical, behavioral, and pulmonary changes in calves following inoculation with Mycoplasma bovis.

OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical and behavioral changes in calves following inoculation with Mycoplasma bovis and evaluate relationships between those changes and pulmonary disease. ANIMALS 22 healthy Holstein steers. PROCEDURES 20 calves were inoculated intranasally with < 10(8) CFU or > 10(9) CFU of M bovis. Calves were assigned a clinical illness score (CIS) on a scale of 1 through 4 twice daily on the basis of severity of cough, labored breathing, and lethargy. For each calf, distance traveled and time spent near the waterer, feed bunk, or shelter were determined via a remote location monitoring device. Calves were euthanized and necropsied 22 days after inoculation. RESULTS 13 calves became clinically ill after challenge inoculation; 3 calves were euthanized within 20 days. Among all calves, consolidation was evident in 0% to 79.9% of the lungs; extent of lung consolidation did not differ between the challenge dose groups. Distance traveled and percentages of time spent in proximity to the feed bunk and shelter were associated with CIS; calves with more severe disease traveled less distance and spent less time at the feed bunk and more time in the shelter. Distance traveled by calves was negatively associated with extent of lung consolidation (< or ≥ 10% of lungs affected); this effect was modified by trial day. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Following inoculation with M bovis, calf behavior patterns were associated with both CIS and severity of pulmonary disease. Use of behavior monitoring systems may aid in recognition of respiratory tract disease in calves.
Multidimensional Model Unidimensional Model Dispositional Model WFF Facilitation WSF FWF SFF SWF FSF WFC Conflict WSC FWC SFC SWC FSC WFF WSF FWF SFF SWF FSF WFC WSC FWC SFC SWC FSC

Balancing multiple roles is a challenge for individuals in many sectors of the population. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that individuals have dispositional tendencies to experience interrole conflict and facilitation. We also aimed to show that coping styles and life satisfaction are correlates of dispositional conflict and facilitation tendencies. Two survey studies were conducted with individuals involved in 3 life roles (i.e., employee, student, and family member; Study 1: N 193; Study 2: N 284). The hierarchical structure of conflict and facilitation was examined in both studies. Support for the dispositional model was found in both cases through the use of hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses. In Study 2, a longitudinal assessment of the nomological network surrounding conflict and facilitation tendencies was conducted with structural equation modeling analyses; we found that coping styles had synchronous relations with dispositional conflict and facilitation; dispositional conflict had a lagged and negative relation with life satisfaction.
United in opposition? The populist radical right’s EU-pessimism in times of crisis

Abstract Populist radical right (PRR) parties are typically critical of European integration. They deem the EU an elitist project and consider European integration a threat to national sovereignty. In practice, however, PRR parties’ positions on the EU have varied across countries and periods. Our article assesses whether, and how, PRR parties have changed their ‘EU-pessimist’ discourse following the outbreak of the Global Financial Crisis. The crisis has ostensibly provided scope for PRR parties across Europe to bolster their EU-pessimism and place more emphasis on socioeconomic frames. We analyse the evolution of the PRR’s discourse in five countries. The article shows that, although PRR parties have generally brought the crisis into their discourses, they have responded to it in different ways, displaying varying degrees of EU-pessimism. These responses were partly informed by the opportunities provided by their contexts, but ostensibly more so by the strategic considerations of PRR party leaderships.