Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infant case of tinea faciei caused by Microsporum canis

Dear Editor, Microsporum canis, a zoophilic dermatophyte species usually parasitic or saprophytic on small pet animals such as cats and dogs, sometimes causes tinea corporis and tinea capitis in women and children who interact with infected animals. However, the infection is seldom reported in neonates and infants. Recently, we treated an infant with tinea faciei caused by M. canis, which a molecular study suggested was contracted from pet animals. The mother of a 2-month old boy noticed a red skin lesion around his left eye from 1 month after birth, and topical application of prednisolone valerate acetate ointment worsened the eruption. At the first consultation, demarked erythema was observed on the left side of his nose, glabella, and upper and lower eyelids, with the eyelashes caked with wet scales (Fig. 1a). During cleaning of the lesion, some trapped eyelashes were detached with the scales which showed positive for fungus by direct KOH examination (Fig. 1b). A fungal culture was positive for M. canis (Fig. 1c). The mother and son had lived at his grandparents’ residence for 4 weeks, where two cats were kept as pets. However, the mother said the neonate had no occasion to have direct physical contact with the animals. The mother had tinea pedis but fungal culture failed. No other family member had complained of tinea. As treatment, white petrolatum then terbinafine cream were applied once daily and the erythema and scale disappeared after 4 weeks but fungal elements were revealed on his eyelashes by direct KOH examination. After 6 weeks, his eyelashes had regrown and the treatment was terminated. Some hairs of the two cats (6-year-old Russian Blue and 2-year-old Somali) were pulled and collected for examination. The Somali had been considered the source of the infection because this cat was molting, but both cats were positive for fungal cultures. These three strains of M. canis (KMU7067–9) were genotyped by microsatellite (MS) profiles using six primer pairs named MS1, 2 and 4–7, which is the most sensitive method for genotyping of M. canis. As a result, all three isolates were classified as type A which we designated previously. We classified 70 Japanese clinical isolates into 20 genotypes A–T with A being the most prevalent (21.4%), and also found in each five different episodes of infection among humans and pet cats. Following the results of our genotyping of the fungal cultures from the boy and pets, the family agreed to segregate their living space in the residence and to consult a veterinarian for removal of the fungus from the cats. Thus, intraspecies genotyping is a useful method for analyzing and tracing fungal infections. Treatment of dermatophytoses often involves application of topical antifungals but there is sometimes a high risk of recurrence in cases involving hair. Although eyelashes were infected with M. canis in our case, topical terbinafine induced sufficient resolution, otherwise liquid itraconazole would have been the only usable therapeutic agent.
Spectral analysis of heart period and pulse transit time derived from electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram in sepsis patients

Sepsis is a potentially lethal condition, and is one of the major causes of death in non-coronary intensive care units. Sepsis syndrome progresses through a number of increasingly severe stages, from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) through sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Each stage of sepsis is potentially characterized by differing autonomic nervous system responses. Spectral analysis of cardiovascular variability has been regarded as a possible non-invasive method to study this autonomic regulation, and in this study, the variabilities of heart period (RRi) and pulse transit time (PTT) derived from electrocardiogram and photoplethys-mogram were investigated in three different groups: normal subjects (n = 3D 11), SIRS (n = 3D 7) and severe sepsis patients (n = 3D 16), by computing spectral and cross-spectral measures in the low-frequency (LF) and the high-frequency (HF) ranges. SIRS and severe sepsis patients were found to have lower RRi (p < 0.01), augmented LF power in PTT (p < 0.01) and a lower RRi-PTT ratio (αPTT) in the LF and HF bands (p < 0.01) as compared with the normal subjects, which might indicate a suppression of baroreflex-mediated autonomic control of heart rate and an increased sympathetic influence on ventricular contractility in sepsis. The results have highlighted the potential value of spectral analysis of RRi and PTT variabilities as a non-invasive tool for clinical evaluation of cardiac autonomic regulation in sepsis patients.
Evidence from prospective cohort studies does not support current dietary fat guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives National dietary guidelines were introduced in 1977 and 1983, by the US and UK governments to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality by reducing dietary fat intake. Our 2016 systematic review examined the epidemiological evidence available to the dietary committees at the time; we found no support for the recommendations to restrict dietary fat. The present investigation extends our work by re-examining the totality of epidemiological evidence currently available relating to dietary fat guidelines. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies currently available, which examined the relationship between dietary fat, serum cholesterol and the development of CHD, were undertaken. Results Across 7 studies, involving 89 801 participants (94% male), there were 2024 deaths from CHD during the mean follow-up of 11.9±5.6 years. The death rate from CHD was 2.25%. Eight data sets were suitable for inclusion in meta-analysis; all excluded participants with previous heart disease. Risk ratios (RRs) from meta-analysis were not statistically significant for CHD deaths and total or saturated fat consumption. The RR from meta-analysis for total fat intake and CHD deaths was 1.04 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.10). The RR from meta-analysis for saturated fat intake and CHD deaths was 1.08 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.25). Conclusions Epidemiological evidence to date found no significant difference in CHD mortality and total fat or saturated fat intake and thus does not support the present dietary fat guidelines. The evidence per se lacks generalisability for population-wide guidelines.
The prognostic value of MRI in determining reinjury risk following acute hamstring injury: a systematic review

Background A challenge for sports physicians is to estimate the risk of a hamstring re-injury, but the current evidence for MRI variables as a risk factor is unknown. Objective To systematically review the literature on the prognostic value of MRI findings at index injury and/or return to play for acute hamstring re-injuries. Data sources Databases of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library were searched until 20 June 2016. Study eligibility criteria Studies evaluating MRI as a prognostic tool for determining the risk of re-injury for athletes with acute hamstring injuries were eligible for inclusion. Data analysis Two authors independently screened the search results and assessed risk of bias using standardised criteria from a consensus statement. A best-evidence synthesis was used to identify the level of evidence. Post hoc analysis included correction for insufficient sample size. Results Of the 11 studies included, 7 had a low and 4 had a high risk of bias. No strong evidence for any MRI finding as a risk factor for hamstring re-injury was found. There was moderate evidence that intratendinous injuries were associated with increased re-injury risk. Post hoc analysis showed moderate evidence that injury to the biceps femoris was a moderate to strong risk factor for re-injury. Conclusion There is currently no strong evidence for any MRI finding in predicting hamstring re-injury risk. Intratendinous injuries and biceps femoris injuries showed moderate evidence for association with a higher re-injury risk. Systematic review registration Registration in the PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews was performed prior to study initiation (registration number CRD42015024620).
Peripheral T cell lymphoma: clinical utility of romidepsin

Correspondence: Jasmine Zain NYU Langone Medical Center, 160 East 34th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA Tel +1 212 731 6544 Fax +1 212 731 5540 Email jasmine.zain@nyumc.org Introduction: Direct therapeutic targets, such as aberrant tumor cell genes and tumor cell markers, have been the focus of cancer treatment for more than 50 years. The resulting damage to normal cells and emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells after exposure to conventional chemotherapy have led researchers to study indirect targets, like the tumor vasculature. A more recent indirect approach involves targeting the epigenetic modifiers, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been shown to be active cytotoxic agents in T cell lymphoma. The current treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for relapsed cutaneous T cell lymphoma are vorinostat and romidepsin. The diversity and rarity of peripheral T cell lymphomas present a challenge for effective treatment. With their poor overall survival rate, new targeted therapies need to be developed.
Technical and compliance considerations for mobile health self-monitoring of glucose and blood pressure for patients with diabetes

Self-monitoring of blood glucose is an integral part of diabetes care which may be extended to other biometrics. Cellular and short range communication technologies will be important for the routine usage of these systems. However, the issues of follow-up and patient compliance with these emerging systems have not been yet studied evaluated but could be critical to the adoption of these technologies. We evaluated the impact of mobile telemonitoring on the intensification of care on blood pressure control and exposure to hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes. We randomised 137 patients with diabetes to either mobile telemonitoring (n = 3D72) or usual care patients (n = 3D65) for 9 months. In this paper we present some of the clinical results with focus on blood pressure control hypertension and highlight some of the technical and compliance issues that were encountered.
The relationship between fertility and contraceptive prevalence in Zimbabwe.

This paper addresses the total fertility rate (TFR)/contraceptive prevalence inconsistency in Zimbabwe by testing whether there is extensive overlap between postpartum amenorrhea and early adoption of contraception. IN 1984 the TFR was 6.5 and contraceptive prevalence was 38% and in 1988 the TFR was 5.7 while the prevalence was 43%. According to Mauldin and Segals model given these TFRs contraceptive prevalence was estimated to be 12% and 23% for 1984 and 1988. Therefore the crucial question examines why Zimbabwe has high contraceptive prevalence and high fertility. Findings indicate that there was extensive overlap between contraceptive use after last birth and postpartum amenorrhea. It was estimated that 71% of contraceptive use was nonoverlapping making the nonoverlapping contraceptive prevalence rate 30.5% as compared to the observed contraceptive prevalence rate of 43% in 1988. Implications are discussed. (authors modified)
Analysis of oral microbial community and Th17‐associated cytokines in saliva of patients with oral lichen planus

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of oral mucosa of unknown cause. Microbial infection and dysimmunity appear to play important roles in its pathogenesis. In this study, differences in genetic profiling of salivary microbial communities in two subtypes of OLP and healthy controls were evaluated by means of PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Additionally, ELISA was used to investigate the possible role of Th17 in lesion formation by detecting two related cytokines IL‐17 and IL‐23 in the saliva of OLP patients. When the DGGE profiles were analyzed, the bacterial populations were found to be significantly less rich in subjects with reticular and erosive OLP than in healthy controls. There was significantly less microbial diversity, as denoted by the Shannon index, in saliva samples from subjects with erosive OLP than in those from healthy controls. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that the DGGE profiles formed distinctly group‐specific clusters. Salivary concentrations of IL‐17 in subjects with erosive OLP group were significantly higher than in those with reticular OLP and healthy controls. What's more, significantly positive correlations were observed between salivary IL‐17 concentrations and disease clinical scores. Microbial richness and diversity was negatively correlated with salivary IL‐17 concentrations. These results suggest there is significantly less salivary bacterial diversity and complexity in subjects with OLP han in healthy controls and that the shifted community composition is closely related to an immune cytokine, IL‐17.
Survival of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in the intestines of healthy Chinese adults

Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) is a widely used probiotic strain with health benefits. In this study, the survival of LcS in the intestines of healthy Chinese adults was assessed and the effects of LcS on stool consistency, stool SCFAs and intestinal microbiota evaluated. Subjects consumed 100 mL per day of a probiotic beverage containing 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL of LcS for 14 days. LcS were enumerated using a culture method and the colony identity confirmed by ELISA. Fourteen days after ingestion, the amount of LcS recovered from fecal samples was between 6.86 ± 0.80 and 7.17 ± 0.57 Log10 CFU/g of feces (mean ± SD). The intestinal microbiotas were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Principal component analysis showed that consuming LcS significantly changed fecal microbiota profiles. According to redundancy analysis, the amounts of 25 bacterial strains were significantly correlated with LcS intake (P < 0.05), 11 of them positively and fourteen negatively. Concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid in feces were significantly lower during the ingestion period than during the baseline period (P < 0.05). These results confirm that LcS can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract of Chinese people; however, they were found to have little ability to persist once their consumption had ceased. Furthermore, consumption of probiotic beverages containing LcS can modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota on a long‐term basis, resulting in decreased concentrations of SCFAs in the gut.
Epidemiological analysis of serum anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa PcrV titers in adults

Of the various virulence mechanisms of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the type III secretion system (TTSS) has been characterized as a major factor associated with acute lung injury, bacteremia and mortality. In addition, PcrV, a component protein of the TTSS, has been characterized as a protective antigen against infection with P. aeruginosa. This study comprised an epidemiological analysis of serum anti‐PcrV titers in a cohort of Japanese adults. From April 2012 to March 2013, serum anti‐PcrV titers of 198 volunteer participants undergoing anesthesia for scheduled surgeries were measured. The median, minimum and maximum serum anti‐PcrV titers among the 198 participants were 4.09 nM, 1.01 nM and 113.81 nM, respectively. The maximum peaks in the histogram were within the anti‐PcrV 2.00–4.99 nM titer range; values for 115 participants (58.1%) were within this range. Anti‐PcrV titers were more than approximately three‐fold greater (>12 nM) than the median value in 21 participants (10.6%). Ten‐year interval age increases, history of treatment for traffic trauma, and a history of past surgery each showed statistically significant associations with higher anti‐PcrV titers (i.e., >10 nM) than did the other factors assessed by binomial analysis. This study revealed a considerable variation in anti‐PcrV titers in adult subjects without any obvious histories of infection with P. aeruginosa.
Anti‐HIV‐1 potency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system insufficient to fully inhibit viral replication

The range of genome‐editing tools has recently been expanded. In particular, an RNA‐guided genome‐editing tool, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)‐associated 9 (Cas9) system, has many applications for human diseases. In this study, guide RNA (gRNA) to target gag, pol and a long terminal repeat of HIV‐1 was designed and used to generate gRNA‐expressing lentiviral vectors. An HIV‐1‐specific gRNA and Cas9 were stably dually transduced into a highly HIV‐1‐susceptible human T‐cell line and the inhibitory ability of the anti‐HIV‐1 CRISPR/Cas9 lentiviral vector assessed. Although clear inhibition of the early phase of HIV‐1 infection was observed, as evaluated by a VSV‐G‐pseudotyped HIV‐1 reporter system, the anti‐HIV‐1 potency in multiple rounds of wild type (WT) viral replication was insufficient, either because of generation of resistant viruses or overcoming of the activity of the WT virus. Thus, there are potential difficulties that must be addressed when considering anti‐HIV‐1 treatment with the CRISPR/Cas9 system alone.
What is the physiological time to recovery after concussion? A systematic review

Aim or objective The aim of this study is to consolidate studies of physiological measures following sport-related concussion (SRC) to determine if a time course of postinjury altered neurobiology can be outlined. This biological time course was considered with respect to clinically relevant outcomes such as vulnerability to repeat injury and safe timing of return to physical contact risk. Design Systematic review. Data sources PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, PsychINFO. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Studies were included if they reported original research on physiological or neurobiological changes after SRC. Excluded were cases series <5 subjects, reviews, meta-analyses, editorials, animal research and research not pertaining to SRC. Results A total of 5834 articles were identified, of which 80 were included for full-text data extraction and review. Relatively few longitudinal studies exist that follow both physiological dysfunction and clinical measures to recovery. Summary/conclusions Modalities of measuring physiological change after SRC were categorised into the following: functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cerebral blood flow, electrophysiology, heart rate, exercise, fluid biomarkers and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Due to differences in modalities, time course, study design and outcomes, it is not possible to define a single ‘physiological time window’ for SRC recovery. Multiple studies suggest physiological dysfunction may outlast current clinical measures of recovery, supporting a buffer zone of gradually increasing activity before full contact risk. Future studies need to use generalisable populations, longitudinal designs following to physiological and clinical recovery and careful correlation of neurobiological modalities with clinical measures.
An internet-supported school physical activity intervention in low socioeconomic status communities: results from the Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) cluster randomised controlled trial

Objective Quality physical education (PE) is the cornerstone of comprehensive school physical activity (PA) promotion programmes. We tested the efficacy of a teacher professional learning intervention, delivered partially via the internet, designed to maximise opportunities for students to be active during PE lessons and enhance adolescents’ motivation towards PE and PA. Methods A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with teachers and Grade 8 students from secondary schools in low socioeconomic areas of Western Sydney, Australia. The Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) intervention for secondary school PE teachers included workshops, online learning, implementation tasks and mentoring sessions. The primary outcome was the proportion of PE lesson time that students spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), measured by accelerometers at baseline, postintervention (7–8 months after baseline) and maintenance (14–15 months). Secondary outcomes included observed PE teachers’ behaviour during lessons, students’ leisure-time PA and students’ motivation. Results Students (n=1421) from 14 schools completed baseline assessments and were included in linear mixed model analyses. The intervention had positive effects on students’ MVPA during lessons. At postintervention, the adjusted mean difference in the proportion of lesson time spent in MVPA was 5.58% (p<0.001, approximately 4 min/lesson). During the maintenance phase, this effect was 2.64% (p<0.001, approximately 2 min/lesson). The intervention had positive effects on teachers’ behaviour, but did not impact students’ motivation. Conclusions AMPED produced modest improvements in MVPA and compares favourably with previous interventions delivered exclusively face-to-face. Online teacher training could help facilitate widespread dissemination of professional learning interventions. Trial registration number ACTRN12614000184673.
Detection of the mcr‐1 gene in colistin‐resistant Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan

In this study, the presence of the mcr‐1 gene in Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan was investigated. Nine E. coli isolates (eight from chickens and one from pork) carried the mcr‐1 gene on the plasmid. In six isolates from domestic chickens, mcr‐1 was located on the IncI2 plasmid, which is approximately 60 kb in size. In the remaining three isolates from imported chicken and pork, mcr‐1 was located on the IncX4 plasmid (30 kb).
Walking on sunshine: scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental health

Background/objectives Walking has well-established positive relationships with, and effects on, physical health. In contrast, while poor mental health contributes substantially to global health burden, an overview of the benefits from walking has not previously been published. We aimed to scope the literature and present what is known, and highlight what is not known, about walking and mental health. Methods Design: Scoping review. Data sources: Ovid (Medline), ProQuest, Web of Science. Screening and reporting: 13 014 records were identified and screened by a team of researchers. Included full texts were analysed and reported according to mental health outcome. Results For the 8 mental health outcomes (identified a priori), there were a total of 5 systematic reviews and 50 individual papers included. Depression had the most evidence and existing systematic reviews were reported. Evidence for anxiety, psychological stress, psychological well-being, subjective well-being and social isolation and loneliness varied in volume and effectiveness, but no harmful effects were identified. There were no studies for walking and resilience. The setting and context of walking seems to be important variables. Conclusion The evidence base that suggests walking benefits mental health is growing, but remains fragmented and incomplete for some important outcomes. Policy and national guidelines should promote the known mental health benefits of increased walking and future research should directly address the gaps we have identified.