Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
METABOLISM OF AFLATOXIN B1 BY NORMAL HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatocarcinogen in animal models and a suspected carcinogen in humans. High concentrations of AFB1 have been found in respirable grain dusts, and may therefore be a risk factor for human lung cancer in certain occupations. To study the potential for AFB activation in human lung, cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-mediated activa1 tion and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification of AFB1 were examined in cultured normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Cells were exposed to 0.15 µM or 1.5 µM AFB1 for 48 h and media was collected for metabolite analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At 0.15 µM, AFB1 was metabolized only to the detoxified metabolite aflatoxin Q1(AFQ1). At 1.5 µM AFB1, both aflatoxin M1(AFM1), and AFQ1 were produced. Cells pretreated with 50 µM 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), a CYP 1A inducer, for 72 h prior to 0.15 µ M AFB1, produced the activated AFB1 8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Similarly, microsomes prepared from 3MC-pretreated cells formed AFBO, but microsomes from noninduced cells did not. While AFB1-DNA adducts were not detected at low AFB1 concentrations in untreated NHBE, 3MC induction caused the production of AFB1-DNA adducts at 0.015 and 0.15 µM AFB1. Western immunoblots showed that the primary CYP isoforms responsible for AFB1 activation in the liver, 1A and 3A4, to be constitutively expressed in NHBE cells. Expression of CYP 1A was significantly increased in 3MC-pretreated cells, while CYP 3A4 expression increased slightly, but not to the extent of the 1A isoforms. The principal AFBO detoxifying enzyme, glutathione S -transferase (GST), was constitutively expressed in NHBE cells, and was increased approximately twofold by 3MC pretreatment. Cytosolic fractions from neither control nor 3MC-induced NHBE had measurable AFBO conjugating activity, indicating that these cells may lack AFB1-relevant GST activity. From these data, it appears that NHBE cells activate AFB1 inefficiently, but possess CYPs reportedly responsible for metabolism of AFB1. These data support earlier findings showing modest CYP-mediated AFB1 activation in human airways, but indicate that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as 3MC, which induce CYP(s) that specifically activate AFB1 may increase the harmful effects of AFB1 exposures in human airways.
Severe energy deficit upregulates leptin receptors, leptin signaling, and PTP1B in human skeletal muscle.

In obesity, leptin receptors (OBR) and leptin signaling in skeletal muscle are downregulated. To determine whether OBR and leptin signaling are upregulated with a severe energy deficit, 15 overweight men were assessed before the intervention (PRE), after 4 days of caloric restriction (3.2 kcal·kg body wt-1·day-1) in combination with prolonged exercise (CRE; 8 h walking + 45 min single-arm cranking/day) to induce an energy deficit of ~5,500 kcal/day, and following 3 days of control diet (isoenergetic) and reduced exercise (CD). During CRE, the diet consisted solely of whey protein (n = 8) or sucrose (n = 7; 0.8 g·kg body wt-1·day-1). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the exercised and the nonexercised deltoid muscles and from the vastus lateralis. From PRE to CRE, serum glucose, insulin, and leptin were reduced. OBR expression was augmented in all examined muscles associated with increased maximal fat oxidation. Compared with PRE, after CD, phospho-Tyr1141OBR, phospho-Tyr985OBR, JAK2, and phospho-Tyr1007/1008JAK2 protein expression were increased in all muscles, whereas STAT3 and phospho-Tyr705STAT3 were increased only in the arms. The expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in skeletal muscle was increased by 18 and 45% after CRE and CD, respectively (P < 0.05). Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) tended to increase in the legs and decrease in the arm muscles (ANOVA interaction: P < 0.05). Myosin heavy chain I isoform was associated with OBR protein expression (r = -0.75), phospho-Tyr985OBR (r = 0.88), and phospho-Tyr705STAT3/STAT3 (r = 0.74). In summary, despite increased PTP1B expression, skeletal muscle OBR and signaling are upregulated by a severe energy deficit with greater response in the arm than in the legs likely due to SOCS3 upregulation in the leg muscles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the skeletal muscle leptin receptors and their corresponding signaling cascade are upregulated in response to a severe energy deficit, contributing to increase maximal fat oxidation. The responses are more prominent in the arm muscles than in the legs but partly blunted by whey protein ingestion and high volume of exercise. This occurs despite an increase of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B protein expression, a known inhibitor of insulin and leptin signaling.
Ocular refractive changes in patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen administered by oronasal mask or hood.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to quantify ocular refractive changes after a standard hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment protocol and to characterize the time period of recovery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was given for 90 min daily at a pressure of 240 kPa for 21 days. Oxygen was administered to 20 patients using an oronasal mask and to 12 patients using a hood. Follow-up examinations were carried out 2-4 days after treatment, and thereafter regularly for up to 10 weeks in both groups. Refraction was assessed automatically and by the monocular subjective refraction method. A subgroup of nine of the 20 patients to whom oxygen was administered by an oronasal mask underwent a separate eye examination, which included crystalline lens opacity measurements and LOCS III gradings. RESULTS In the patients given oxygen by mask, there was a significant myopic shift in the mean spherical equivalent, which was largest 2-4 days after treatment. The shift was - 0.55 +/- 0.40 D in the right eye and - 0.53 +/- 0.42 D in the left eye. In the patients given oxygen by hood, the largest shift was observed after 12-16 days, and was - 1.06 +/- 0.52 D in the right eye and - 1.10 +/- 0.57 D in the left eye. The refractive changes returned to baseline 6 weeks and 10 weeks after HBO treatment, respectively. No significant changes in crystalline lens transparency were revealed. CONCLUSIONS The myopic shift after HBO therapy recovers within 10 weeks and may be more pronounced when patients are given oxygen using a hood compared with using an oronasal mask.
Reconceptualizing Exploitation Capability and Institutionalization Process In Supply Chain Learning

Supply chain learning can be considered as a critical aspect in achieving supernormal profits in today’s dynamic business environment. Nonetheless, it is evident that most of the new ideas are not commercialized due to not having proper implementation mechanisms within supply chain contexts. In this regard, the elements of exploitation capability and institutionalization process are not adequate to address the dynamism of implementation process. Therefore, this research focuses on reconceptualizing the exploitation capability and institutionalization process addressing the behavioral dynamics of the today’s supply chain context. The study uses epistemology world view and interpretative theoretical perspectives, multiple qualitative research methodology, multiple case study, and grounded theory thematic analysis method to study the phenomenon. Findings of the cross-case analysis indicate that organizational level of supply chain learning consists of institutionalization process that underlies exploitation capability. Exploitation capability consists of core competency and application. And, institutionalization processes consist of system changes and supply chain investments. Further, the study identifies that core competency and application are influenced by system changes and supply chain investments at the organizational level of supply chain learning. The theoretical contribution of the study consists of enhancing relational view, organizational learning theory, and dynamic capability perspectives within supply chain context. Practitioners need to focus on behavioral dynamics in implementations of learning in today’s complex supply chain context. Future researchers are encouraged to explore core competency enhancements, psychological contracts, system interdependencies, and human investments at the organizational level of supply chain learning. Aus. Aca. Busi & Eco. Rev Vol 4(2), April 2018, P 74-85
PECULIARITIES OF STRATEGY IN SMEs

Strategy and sustainability have become important issue for organizations during the last decades. However, research discussing peculiarities of strategy and related concepts has often focused on larger companies, sometimes neglecting the specifics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main purpose of this study is to examine the theories, models and peculiarities of strategy in SMEs, in relation to sustainability commitment, sustainability practices and management values in SMEs. Implications concern the importance for firms and policymakers to work with sustainability issues using both internal and external perspectives.
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN DAN KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN ASURANSI JIWA

ABSTRACT The most important thing in the service business which should be carried out by the management is to maintain trust and service quality in order to make the customer satisfied to what has been provided by the company. A company which can keep trust and good service quality is the strength in order to compete with competitors. This research is meant to find out the influence of trust and service quality to the customer satisfaction of PT. Axa Financial Indonesia. The population is 100 insurance customers of PT. Axa Financial Indonesia. The sample collection technique has been done by using non probability sampling method. It is a sample collection method which does not give any opportunity to every elements of the member of the population which has been selected as sample. 80 customers have been selected as samples by using the Slovin formula. The data collection technique has been done by issuing questionnaires after the validity test and reliability test has been conducted. The data analysis technique is carried out by using the multiple linear regressions.The results of research show that: (1) trust has significant influence to the customer satisfaction; (2) service quality has significant influence to the customer satisfaction. Keywords : trust, service quality, customer satisfaction
A Conceptual Model for Value Chain Management in Construction Contractor Organisations

Lean techniques focus on value maximisation while minimising waste. Waste is commonly interpreted as waste of material even though, waste in construction industry also relates to activities such as defects, movement, waiting time and processing. Such waste can be minimised through an in-depth understanding of the organisation. Herein, Value Chain Management (VCM) can be used to facilitate organisations to categorise the activities in terms of their value addition. The generic value chain model developed by Porter in 1985 focuses on the manufacturing industry thus, a framework is required for contractor organisations based on which Value Adding Activities (VAAs) and non-VAAs can be identified. This paper is aimed at proposing a conceptual model for VCM in contractor organisations. Three case studies were conducted in selected contractor organisations and data was collected through fifteen semi-structured interviews. Collected data was analysed using content analysis. Altogether, 46 VAAs were identified classified under four primary functions and six secondary functions. The findings were used to develop a VC model applicable to contractor organisations based on Porter’s generic VC model. This in turn could be used by contractors to adopt strategies to enhance Value Adding Activities (VAAs) and to minimise non-VAAs.
Age‐related accumulation of Marinesco bodies and lipofuscin in rhesus monkey midbrain dopamine neurons: Relevance to selective neuronal vulnerability

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. Although aging is a primary risk factor for PD, its role in DA neuron degeneration remains unknown. Neurodegeneration in PD is not uniform throughout the ventral midbrain: the ventral tier of the substantia nigra (vtSN) is most vulnerable, whereas the dorsal tier (dtSN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively resistant. We studied young (9–10 years old), middle‐aged (14–17 years old), and old‐aged (22–29 years old) rhesus monkeys to identify factors potentially underlying selective vulnerability and their association with aging. We focused on markers relevant to the ubiquitin‐proteasome (UPS) and lysosome systems. Unbiased stereological counting was performed on tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive (TH+) neurons and TH+ neurons containing Marinesco bodies (TH+MB) or lipofuscin (TH+lipo), markers of UPS or lysosomal activity, respectively. TH+ neuron numbers were inversely correlated with advancing age specifically in the vtSN, not the dtSN or VTA. TH intensity decreased throughout the ventral midbrain with increasing age, an effect exacerbated in the vtSN. TH+MB neurons were localized in the vulnerable vtSN of old monkeys. The number of MBs per cell increased with age, and TH intensity of TH+MB neurons decreased in middle age. Conversely, TH+lipo neurons were primarily found in the resistant dtSN and VTA. These data suggest that particular age‐related changes localize to DAergic subregions relevant to degenerative patterns in PD. Furthermore, the results begin to characterize the nature of the link between aging and PD, and they support the concept that aged monkeys represent a valuable model for studying specific events preceding PD. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:683–700, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Harnessing opportunities for quality improvement from primary care electronic health records

classification. , Implement. Sci. 8 (2013) 32. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-32. [46] N.M. Ivers, A. Sales, H. Colquhoun, S. Michie, R. Foy, J.J. Francis, et al., No more “business as usual” with audit and feedback interventions: towards an agenda for a reinvigorated intervention, Implement. Sci. 9 (2014) 14. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-914. [47] Cochrane EPOC Group, Our reviews, Cochrane. (2017). http://epoc.cochrane. org/our-reviews. [48] R. Dryden, B. Williams, C. McCowan, M. Themessl-Huber, What do we know about who does and does not attend general health checks? Findings from a narrative scoping review. , BMC Public Health. 12 (2012) 723. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12723. [49] H. Van Der Sijs, J. Aarts, A. Vulto, M. Berg, Overriding of drug safety alerts in computerized physician order entry, J. Am. Med. Informatics Assoc. (2006) 138– 148. doi:10.1197/jamia.M1809. Computerized. [50] C. Chew-Graham, C. Hunter, S. Langer, A. Stenhoff, J. Drinkwater, E. Guthrie, et al., How QOF is shaping primary care review consultations: a longitudinal qualitative study. , BMC Fam. Pract. 14 (2013) 103. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-103. [51] R. Goud, M. van Engen-Verheul, N.F. de Keizer, R. Bal, A. Hasman, I.M. Hellemans, et al., The effect of computerized decision support on barriers to guideline implementation: a qualitative study in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. , Int. J. Med. Inform. 79 (2010) 430–7. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf. 2010.03. 001. [52] N. Ivers, J. Barnsley, R. Upshur, K. Tu, B. Shah, J. Grimshaw, et al., My approach to this job is. one person at a time, Can Fam Physician. 60 (2014) 258–266. [53] M. Roland, B. Guthrie, Quality and Outcomes Framework: what have we learnt? , BMJ. 354 (2016) i4060. [54] R. Rice, L. Roberts, D. Fitzmaurice, Can we trust studies using audit software? A case study of atrial fibrillation audit, Br. J. Gen. Pract. 65 (2015) e784–e785. doi:10.3399/bjgp15X687457. [55] Public Health England, National General Practice Profiles, Crown Copyr. (2015) 1– 14. [56] B. Brown, R. Williams, M. Sperrin, T. Frank, J. Ainsworth, I. Buchan, Making Audit Actionable: An Example Algorithm for Blood Pressure Management in Chronic Kidney Disease, AMIA Annu Symp Proc. (2014). [57] K. Kawamoto, C. a Houlihan, E.A. Balas, D.F. Lobach, Improving clinical practice using clinical decision support systems: a systematic review of trials to identify
The Critical Role of External Validity in Advancing Organizational Theorizing

The information systems field needs strong cumulative traditions to advance IS theory building and better explain realworld phenomena. Despite the hegemony of theory in our major journals and major improvements in methodology over the years, the field has yet to achieve strong cumulative traditions beyond a few limited areas. In this paper, we propose a methodology for building such traditions by relying on the framework of external validity that Shadish, Cook, and Campbell (2002) suggest. Our methodology classifies accumulated knowledge into four types, highlights several evolutionary pathways for theory building, and explains how researchers can apply it to extend their own theory. To examine the appropriateness of our typology of accumulated knowledge across the IS and management fields, we conducted a literature review of the empirical research in major IS and management journals over a recent two-year period and coded it according to relevant characteristics of Cronbach’s UTOS (i.e., units, treatments, outcomes, and settings). The technology acceptance model, IS success model, and resource-based view literatures illustrate how to apply the methodology. This evidence leads us to believe that establishing a cumulative tradition is well within the IS community’s grasp.
Chronic noncancer pain rehabilitation with opioid withdrawal: comparison of treatment outcomes based on opioid use status at admission.

OBJECTIVE To study differences in treatment outcomes between patients with chronic noncancer pain taking vs those not taking maintenance opioids at admission to a pain rehabilitation program. PATIENTS AND METHODS A nonrandomized 2-group prepost design was used to compare 356 patients admitted to the Mayo Comprehensive Pain Rehabilitation Center from January 2002 to December 2002 at admission and discharge by opioid status at admission. Measures of pain severity, interference due to pain, perceived life control, affective distress, activity level, depression, and catastrophizing (an exaggerated negative mental set associated with actual or anticipated pain experiences) were used to compare opioid and nonopioid groups. The patients entered a 3-week intensive outpatient multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation program designed to improve adaptation to chronic noncancer pain. The program uses a cognitive-behavioral model and incorporates opioid withdrawal. RESULTS More than one third of patients (135/356) were taking opioids daily at admission. At completion of the program, all but 3 of the 135 patients had successfully discontinued opioid treatment. No significant pretreatment differences were found between the opioid and nonopioid group regarding demographics, pain duration, treatment completion, or all outcome variables, including pain severity. Significant improvement was noted at discharge for all outcome variables assessed regardless of opioid status at admission. CONCLUSION Patients with symptomatically severe and disabling pain while taking maintenance opioid therapy can experience significant improvement in physical and emotional functioning while participating in a pain rehabilitation program that incorporates opioid withdrawal.
Adoption E-commerce in development country and the moderator effect of digital divide

With the creation and worldwide diffusion of the Internet since the end of the last century, social and economic relations have seen a strong tendency to move from analog to digital, generating new ways of performing everyday tasks. In going digital, commerce has found a new channel of communication between client and company. E-commerce was created with the characteristics of a new technology which has been widely adopted and diffused in nearly all regions, societies and cultures. However, like all innovations within a social system, there have been differences in its adoption that could be linked to inequalities in access and use. This research focuses on analysing the adoption and diffusion of e-commerce in the developing Latin American country of Colombia. It focuses on Colombia because of the low number of large studies that have been conducted there, despite the great development of the Internet and ICTs in the country. This study applies in parallel two lines of research - on one hand, it validates the UTAUT2 technological acceptance model for different types of e-commerce; on the other hand, it develops an index that measures the digital divide by country, finally analysing the two results to establish if the level of digital divide is linked to behavior in the adoption of e-commerce. The work contains four sections that give rise to the chapters of this thesis in order of appearance: introduction, state of the issue, publications that respond to the objectives, and conclusions and future lines of research. The introductory chapter justifies the relevance of the research in addition to setting the objectives and methodology of the work. The second chapter is the state of the issue, which addresses the main models of e-commerce adoption, as well as the digital divide. Having defined the models and the methodological criteria, the third chapter includes the publications that respond to the objectives, within them the whole empirical process of the research is collected as well as the main results which have gone through the rigorous process of scientific publication in magazines indexed in the Scopus, in their majority. Finally, chapter four contains the main conclusions of the work, as well as possible future lines of research. The results of this doctoral thesis have been valuable, since there were clear indications of the moderating effect of the digital divide on the adoption of e-commerce, which will help those at a business and governmental level to further understand, improve and develop e -commerce in this type of country.
A minimum profile uniform current density electrode

An electrode that produces an injected charge density that is uniform over the surface of the electrode and thus permits maximum utilization of the surface is described. Charge density is the time integral of current density, and the alteration of the current density is obtained by adding curvature to the electrode and recessing it within a cylindrical insulating well. A novel numerical method is used to determine the recession and curvature. The benefit of this technique is that it permits a reduction in the electrode size while maintaining the maximum safe injected charge level of a disk-type electrode. A minimum profile uniform current density electrode and the algorithms used in its design are presented. Finally, a flat electrode that is recessed by as little as 1/10 of its diameter is shown to have an injected current density on the electrode surface that is superior to that of a flat surface mounted electrode. <<ETX>>