Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full counting statistics of time of flight images

Inspired by recent advances in cold atomic systems and nonequilibrium physics, we introduce a characterization scheme, the time-of-flight full counting statistics. We benchmark this method on an interacting one-dimensional Bose gas and show that there the time-of-flight image displays several universal regimes. Finite momentum fluctuations are observed at larger distances, where a crossover from exponential to Gamma distribution occurs upon decreasing momentum resolution. Zero-momentum particles, on the other hand, obey a Gumbel distribution in the weakly interacting limit, characterizing the quantum fluctuations of the former quasicondensate. Time-of-flight full counting statistics is demonstrated to capture (pre-)thermalization processes after a quantum quench and can be useful for characterizing exotic quantum states such as many-body localized systems or models of holography.
Implementation of a trauma registry in a Brazilian public hospital: the first 1,000 patients.

OBJECTIVE Show the steps of a Trauma Registry (TR) implementation in a Brazilian public hospital and evaluate the initial data from the database. METHODS Descriptive study of the a TR implementation in João XXIII Hospital (Hospital Foundation of the state of Minas Gerais) and analysis of the initial results of the first 1,000 patients. RESULTS The project was initiated in 2011 and from January 2013 we began collecting data for the TR. In January 2014 the registration of the first 1000 patients was completed. The greatest difficulties in the TR implementation were obtaining funds to finance the project and the lack of information within the medical records. The variables with the lowest completion percentage on the physiological conditions were: pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate and Glasgow coma scale. Consequently, the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) could be calculated in only 31% of cases and the TRISS methodology applied to 30.3% of patients. The main epidemiological characteristics showed a predominance of young male victims (84.7%) and the importance of aggression as a cause of injuries in our environment (47.5%), surpassing traffic accidents. The average length of stay was 6 days, and mortality 13.7%. CONCLUSION Trauma registries are invaluable tools in improving the care of trauma victims. It is necessary to improve the quality of data recorded in medical records. The involvement of public authorities is critical for the successful implementation and maintenance of trauma registries in Brazilian hospitals.
A relationship between DNA content, nuclear volume, and minimum mitotic cycle time.

minimum mitotic the production of tetraploid cells by treating the meristems with colchicine for short periods of time which varied with different species. The number of tetraploid cells the depends upon (1) the number of cells that entered metaphase while colchicine was effective, and (2) the concentration of colchicine used. The affected cells
Microbial growth dynamics during tempe fermentation in two different home industries.

Tempe is a traditional fermented food of Indonesia that has been recognised globally. The main starter culture for tempe fermentation is Rhizopus oligosporus, however several researchers have detected yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from tempe. The present research aimed to evaluate the presence, growth dynamics and interactions of moulds, yeasts and bacteria during tempe fermentation in two different home industries in Bogor. The results revealed that two different preparations of tempe fermentation caused different microbial composition. In process applying second boiling step before inoculation, the number of LAB at initial step was much lower than that of applying one boiling step before soaking. The results indicated that LAB has involved since soaking process and they may be carried over into mould fermentation stage. After inoculation, the number of yeasts and moulds significantly increased. The source of yeasts and moulds was considered being mainly the starter culture. High number of LAB at initial step or the significant growth of LAB during the first 12 h seemed to inhibit the growth of moulds, meanwhile the growth of yeasts was not affected. High number of LAB at initial step also correlated with low pH at initial step and this may also contribute to inhibition of the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and bacterial spores. The presence of yeasts and LAB up to 7 to 8 log cfu/g during fermentation indicated that those microorganisms contribute to fermentation process of tempe. Different microbial composition also led to difference composition of tempe especially on protein and carbohydrate.
Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study.

BACKGROUND Imiquimod 5% cream may provide an effective nonsurgical treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) based on results of previous studies. OBJECTIVE The objective of this phase II dose-response study was to explore various dosing regimens using imiquimod 5% cream for sBCC to find the most effective frequency of dosing with tolerable side effects. METHODS Patients (n = 128) were dosed twice daily, once daily, 5 times a week, or 3 times a week in this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. At 6 weeks after treatment, the entire tumor area was clinically evaluated, excised, and examined exhaustively for histologic evidence of residual sBCC. RESULTS Complete response rates were 100% (10/10), 87.1% (27/31), 80.8% (21/26), and 51.7% (15/29) for patients in the twice daily, once daily, 5 times a week, and 3 times a week imiquimod groups, respectively, and 18.8% (6/32) in the vehicle group. CONCLUSION Imiquimod 5% cream was effective in the treatment of sBCC. Daily or 5 times a week dosing for 12 weeks demonstrated high efficacy results with acceptable safety profiles.
Susceptibility to influenza A in HIV-positive patients.

To the Editor. — The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recently recommended the use of influenza vaccine for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1 although the incidence of serious illness caused by influenza A in this population is unknown. We investigated the impact of HIV status on susceptibility to symptomatic illness from influenza A during a recent outbreak. Study. — Affected individuals were residents of Spectrum House, a long-term, drug-free residential treatment center situated 48 km (30 miles) west of Boston. The 58 inhabitants—primarily former intravenous abusers of cocaine and heroin—were preponderantly white men and women aged 20 through 45 years. Testing for HIV was encouraged but not mandatory and clients were not segregated for work duties or sleep quarters based on HIV status. Seventeen clients sought medical attention during the week of March 11, 1988, for a symptom complex that included fever, chills, myalgia, sore throat, headache, and
Calcification in breast lesions: pathologists’ perspective

Evaluation of calcification in breast lesions is a major assessment criterion for breast mammography. The morphology and distribution of the calcification are related to the histology of the lesions. Radiologically, calcifications can be divided into: benign; intermediate concern; and higher probability of malignancy according to the morphology. Different pathological entities may give rise to different calcifications. Fibrocystic changes may give rise to milk of calcium or teacup type calcification, or small calcifications occurring in a cluster. Fibroadenoma may be associated with large popcorn like calcifications, and sclerosing adenosis may have fine, punctate or granular calcifications. Fat necrosis may give rise to egg shell calcification. Precursor malignant lesions give rise to benign to indeterminate type calcifications, and may occasionally be associated with malignant type calcifications. For malignant lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive duct carcinoma may be associated with large irregular, rod or V shaped, pleomorphic or branching type calcifications that follow the distribution of the duct. Furthermore, analysis of the characteristics of the calcifications may help to predict the tumour size and grade, and presence of invasion.
Latex allergy. A position paper of the British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

P. Cullinan*, R. Brownw, A. Fieldz, J. Hourihane§, M. Jones*, R. Kekwickz, R. Rycroft8, R. Stenz**, S. Williamsww and C. Woodhousezz *Imperial College, London, wRoyal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, zUniversity of Liverpool, §University of Southampton, zUniversity of Birmingham, 8St Thomas’ Hospital, London, **Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust, London, wwRoyal Free Hospital, London and zzInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, London
Nonparametric identification in panels using quantiles

This paper considers identification and estimation of ceteris paribus effects of continuous regressors in nonseparable panel models with time homogeneity. The effects of interest are derivatives of the average and quantile structural functions of the model. We find that these derivatives are identified with two time periods for “stayers”, i.e. for individuals with the same regressor values in two time periods. We show that the identification results carry over to models that allow location and scale time effects. We propose nonparametric series methods and a weighted bootstrap scheme to estimate and make inference on the identified effects. The bootstrap proposed allows inference for function-valued parameters such as quantile effects uniformly over a region of quantile indices and/or regressor values. An empirical application to Engel curve estimation with panel data illustrates the results.
Guarantees of riemannian optimization for low rank matrix completion

We study the Riemannian optimization methods on the embedded manifold of low rank matrices for the problem of matrix completion, which is about recovering a low rank matrix from its partial entries. Assume $m$ entries of an $n\times n$ rank $r$ matrix are sampled independently and uniformly with replacement. We first prove that with high probability the Riemannian gradient descent and conjugate gradient descent algorithms initialized by one step hard thresholding are guaranteed to converge linearly to the measured matrix provided \begin{align*} m\geq C_\kappa n^{1.5}r\log^{1.5}(n), \end{align*} where $C_\kappa$ is a numerical constant depending on the condition number of the underlying matrix. The sampling complexity has been further improved to \begin{align*} m\geq C_\kappa nr^2\log^{2}(n) \end{align*} via the resampled Riemannian gradient descent initialization. The analysis of the new initialization procedure relies on an asymmetric restricted isometry property of the sampling operator and the curvature of the low rank matrix manifold. Numerical simulation shows that the algorithms are able to recover a low rank matrix from nearly the minimum number of measurements.
Stem Cell Review Series: Regulating highly potent stem cells in aging: environmental influences on plasticity

Significant advances in the past decade have revealed that a large number of highly plastic stem cells are maintained in humans through adulthood and are present even in older adults. These findings are notable in light of the reduced capacity for repair and regeneration in older tissues. The apparent dichotomy can be reconciled through an appreciation of the age‐associated changes in the microenvironmental pathways that govern adult stem cell plasticity and differentiation patterns. Specifically, the recent identification of the age‐related loss of the local platelet‐derived growth factor signals that promote the induction of cardiac myocytes from Oct‐3/4+ bone marrow stem cells, rather than impairment in the stem cells themselves, provides a template for understanding and targeting the environmental pathways underlying the regenerative capacity of older tissues and organs. It is projected that this paradigm extends to the overall regulation of adult stem cell biology, shifting the balance from tissue generation during development and maturation to the prevention of untoward stem cell differentiation with aging.
Strategies for Developing Creative Abilities of Hearing-Impaired Children

The current study compared a traditional approach to art education with a curriculum designed to develop creative abilities. Twenty-eight profoundly hearing-impaired children between 8 and 10 years of age were exposed to one of the two curricula for 12 weeks during their regularly scheduled art classes. Pretest and posttest scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural were the dependent measures. Data analyses indicated significant improvement in two of the creativity measures (Flexibility and Originality) by the group exposed to the creative thinking curriculum.
Attenuation of adenylate cyclase-induced increases in renal sodium excretion by the dopamine D-2 receptor agonist SK&F 89124.

1. Although the existence of D-2 receptor binding sites in kidney has been identified, their functional significance in terms of influencing renal sodium excretion is not clear. In the present study we have examined the renal effects of a selective D-2 receptor agonist, SK&F 89124, in anaesthetized rats. 2. Intravenous infusion of SK&F 89124 (0.3, 1 and 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1 respectively) produced dose-dependent decreases in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and renal blood flow without causing any significant changes in urine output, urinary sodium excretion, renal vascular resistance or glomerular filtration rate. The changes in blood pressure, heart rate and renal blood flow caused by SK&F 89124 were abolished by a selective D-2 receptor antagonist, domperidone (50 micrograms kg-1 i.v. bolus; 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1). 3; Treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, 1 mg kg-1 bolus i.v.) or forskolin (200 micrograms kg-1 bolus i.v.) produced increases in heart rate, urine output and urinary sodium excretion, but there was no change in mean blood pressure. The natriuretic and diuretic response, but not tachycardiac response to IBMX or forskolin, was attenuated by SK&F 89124 (0.3 micrograms kg-1 min-1). 4. These results suggest that the selective D-2 receptor agonist, SK&F 89124, produced a significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate via prejunctional D-2 receptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release from postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals. Although activation of renal tubular D-2 receptors had no significant effect on renal excretory function under basal conditions, it is likely that these receptors may exert an opposing effect on cAMP-mediated increases in renal sodium and water excretion.
Pathogenic variants in TUBB4A are not found in primary dystonia

Objective: To determine the contribution of TUBB4A, recently associated with DYT4 dystonia in a pedigree with “whispering dysphonia” from Norfolk, United Kingdom, to the etiopathogenesis of primary dystonia. Methods: High-resolution melting and Sanger sequencing were used to inspect the entire coding region of TUBB4A in 575 subjects with primary laryngeal, segmental, or generalized dystonia. Results: No pathogenic variants, including the exon 1 variant (c.4C>G) identified in the DYT4 whispering dysphonia kindred, were found in this study. Conclusion: The c.4C>G DYT4 mutation appears to be private, and clinical testing for TUBB4A mutations is not justified in spasmodic dysphonia or other forms of primary dystonia. Moreover, given its allelic association with leukoencephalopathy hypomyelination with atrophy of basal ganglia and cerebellum and protean clinical manifestations (chorea, ataxia, dysarthria, intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and psychiatric disorders), DYT4 should not be categorized as a primary dystonia.
Firm Investment and Monetary Policy Transmission in the Euro Area

This paper presents a comparable set of results on the monetary transmission channels on firm investment (the interest rate channel and the broad credit channel) for the four largest euro-areacountries (Germany, France, Italy and Spain), using particularly rich micro datasets for eachcountry containing over 215,000 observations from 1985 to 1999. For each of those countries,investment relationships are estimated explaining investment by its user cost, sales and cash flow.A first result is that investment is sensitive to user cost changes in all those four countries. Thisimplies an operative interest channel in these euro-area countries. A second result is that investmentin all countries is quite sensitive to cash flow movements. However, only in Italy do smaller firmsreact more to cash flow movements than large firms, implying that a broad credit channel might notbe equally pervasive in all countries.
Multivariate Aviation Time Series Modeling : VARs vs . LSTMs

Multivariate time-series modeling and forecasting constitutes an important problem with numerous applications. In this work, we consider multivariate continuous time series modeling from aviation, where the data consists of multiple sensor measurements from real world flights. While traditional approaches such as VAR (vector auto-regressive) models have been widely used for aviation time series, recent years have seen significant advances in modeling sequences using LSTMs (long short term memory models). In this paper, we do a careful empirical comparison between VAR and two types of LSTMs on multivariate aviation time series. Surprisingly, VAR is seen to significantly outperform LSTMs on real flight data, as well as synthetic data generated from VAR models and LSTM models. The results suggest that VAR is more suitable for multivariate continuous data especially from aviation where there may not be much utility for modeling long term memory which is a strength of LSTMs.
No effect of caloric restriction or exercise on radiation repair capacity.

INTRODUCTION Maintenance of normal weight and higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancer. Because genomic instability is regarded as a hallmark of cancer development, one proposed mechanism is improvement of DNA repair function. We investigated links between dietary weight loss, exercise, and strand break rejoining in an ancillary study to a randomized-controlled trial. METHODS Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (n = 439) were randomized to the following: a) reduced calorie weight loss diet ("diet," n = 118), b) moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise," n = 117), c) a combination ("diet + exercise," n = 117), or d) control (n = 87). The reduced calorie diet had a 10% weight loss goal. The exercise intervention consisted of 45 min of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity 5 d·wk for 12 months. DNA repair capacity was measured in a subset of 226 women at baseline and 12 months from cryopreserved peripheral mononuclear cells using the comet assay. Anthropometric and body composition measures were performed at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS DNA repair capacity did not change significantly with any of the 12-month interventions compared with control; there were also no significant changes when stratified by changes in body composition or aerobic fitness (V˙O2max). At baseline, DNA repair capacity was positively associated with weight, body mass index, and fat mass (r = 0.20, P = 0.003; r = 0.19, P = 0.004; r = 0.13, P = 0.04, respectively) and inversely with lean body mass (r = -0.14, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION In conclusion, DNA repair capacity in cryopreserved PBMCs (Comet Assay) did not change with dietary weight loss or exercise interventions in postmenopausal women within a period of 12 months. Other assays that capture different facets of DNA repair function may be needed.
Intermittent hypoxic exposure does not improve endurance performance at altitude.

PURPOSE This study examined the effect of 1 wk of normobaric intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) combined with exercise training on endurance performance at a 4300-m altitude (HA). METHODS Seventeen male lowlanders were divided into an IHE (n = 11) or SHAM (n = 6) group. Each completed cycle endurance testing consisting of two 20-min steady state (SS) exercise bouts (at 40% and 60% V O2peak) followed by a 10-min break and then a 720-kJ cycle time trial at HA before IHE or SHAM treatment (Pre-T). IHE treatment consisted of a 2-h rest at a PO2 of 90 mm Hg followed by two 25-min bouts of exercise at approximately 80% of peak HR at a PO2 of 110 mm Hg for 1 wk in a hypoxia room. SHAM treatment was identical except that the PO2 was 148 mm Hg for both rest and exercise. After IHE or SHAM treatment (Post-T), all completed a second cycle endurance test at HA. HR, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and RPE were obtained from the 10th to the 15th minute during the two SS exercise bouts and every 5 min during the time trial. RESULTS Seven volunteers in the IHE group could not finish the 720-kJ time trial either at Pre-T or at Post-T. Time trial analysis was limited, therefore, to the time to reach 360 kJ (halfway point) for all volunteers. From Pre-T to Post-T, there was no improvement in time trial performance (min +/- SE) in the IHE (62.0 +/- 4.8 to 63.7 +/- 5.2) or SHAM (60.9 +/- 6.3 to 54.2 +/- 6.8) group. There was no change from Pre-T to Post-T in HR, SaO2, and RPE during the two SS exercise bouts or time trial in either group. CONCLUSIONS One week of IHE combined with exercise training does not improve endurance performance at a 4300-m altitude in male lowlanders.
Evaluating the mutual pathways among electronic cigarette use, conventional smoking and nicotine dependence

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The implications of the rapid rise in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use remain unknown. We examined mutual associations between e-cigarette use, conventional cigarette use and nicotine dependence over time to (1) test the association between e-cigarette use and later conventional smoking (both direct and via nicotine dependence), (2) test the converse associations and (3) determine the strongest pathways predicting each product's use. DESIGN Data from four annual waves of a prospective cohort study were analyzed. Path analysis modeled the bidirectional, longitudinal relationships between past-month smoking frequency, past-month e-cigarette frequency and nicotine dependence. SETTING Chicago area, Illinois, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1007 young adult smokers and non-smokers (ages 19-23 years). MEASUREMENTS Frequency of (1) cigarettes and (2) e-cigarettes was the number of days in the past 30 on which the product was used. The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale measured nicotine dependence to cigarettes. FINDINGS E-cigarette use was not associated significantly with later conventional smoking, either directly (β = 0.021, P = 0.081) or through nicotine dependence (β = 0.005, P = 0.693). Conventional smoking was associated positively with later e-cigarette use, both directly (β = 0.118, P < 0.001) and through nicotine dependence (β = 0.139, P < 0.001). The strongest predictors of each product's use was prior use of the same product; this pathway was strong for conventional cigarettes (β = 0.604, P < 0.001) but weak for e-cigarettes (β = 0.120, P < 0.001). Nicotine dependence moderately strongly predicted later conventional smoking (β = 0.169, P < 0.001), but was a weak predictor of later e-cigarette use (β = 0.069, P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Nicotine dependence is not a significant mechanism for e-cigarettes' purported effect on heavier future conventional smoking among young adults. Nicotine dependence may be a mechanism for increases in e-cigarette use among heavier conventional smokers, consistent with e-cigarettes as a smoking reduction tool. Overall, conventional smoking and, to a lesser extent, its resulting nicotine dependence, are the strongest drivers or signals of later cigarette and e-cigarette use.