Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring cementless femoral stem insertion by impact analyses : an in vitro study

The primary stability of the femoral stem (FS) implant determines the surgical success of cementless hip arthroplasty. During the insertion, a compromise must be found for the number and energy of impacts that should be sufficiently large to obtain an adapted primary stability of the FS and not too high to decrease fracture risk. The aim of this study is to determine whether a hammer instrumented with a force sensor can be used to monitor the insertion of FS. Cementless FS of different sizes were impacted in four artificial femurs with an instrumented hammer, leading to 72 configurations. The impact number when the surgeon empirically felt that the FS was fully inserted was noted Nsurg. The insertion depth E was assessed using video motion tracking and the impact number Nvid corresponding to the end of the insertion was estimated. For each impact, two indicators noted I and D were determined based on the analysis of the variation of the force as a function of time. The pull-out force F was significantly correlated with the indicator I (R2 =0.67). The variation of D was analyzed using a threshold to determine an impact number Nd, which is shown to be closely related to Nsurg and Nvid, with an average difference of around 0.2. This approach allows to determine i) the moment when the surgeon should stop the impaction procedure in order to obtain an optimal insertion of the FS and ii) the FS implant primary stability. This study paves the way towards the development of a decision support system to assist the surgeon in hip arthroplasty.
Thermality of the Rindler horizon: A simple derivation from the structure of the inertial propagator

The Feynman propagator G(x1,x2) encodes all of the physics contained in a free field and transforms as a covariant biscalar. Therefore, we should be able to discover the thermality of the Rindler horizon just by probing the structure of the propagator, expressed in the Rindler coordinates. We show that the thermal nature of the Rindler horizon is indeed contained—though hidden—in the standard, inertial, Feynman propagator. The probability P(E) for a particle to propagate between two events with energy E can be related to the temporal Fourier transform of the propagator. A strikingly simple computation reveals that (i) P(E) is equal to P(-E) if the propagation is between two events in the same Rindler wedge, while (ii) they are related by a Boltzmann factor with temperature T=g/2π if the two events are separated by a horizon. A more detailed computation reveals that the propagator itself can be expressed as a sum of two terms, governing absorption and emission, weighted correctly by the factors (1+nν) and nν, where nν is a Planck distribution at the temperature T=g/2π. In fact, one can discover the Rindler vacuum and the alternative (Rindler) quantization just by probing the structure of the inertial propagator. These results can be extended to local Rindler horizons around any event in a curved spacetime. The implications are discussed.
Effects of antimicrobial agents on survival of Mycobacterium avium complex inside alveolar macrophages obtained from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Measurements of the activities of antimicrobial agents against the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) usually do not take into consideration the intracellular location of the organism. A recent study using mouse macrophage continuous cell line J774 (D. M. Yajko, P.S. Nassos, C. A. Sanders, and W. K. Hadley, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140: 1198-1203, 1989) showed that certain combinations of antimicrobial agents are able to kill MAC inside macrophages and suggested that the J774 cell line could be used as a model for screening of drugs for intracellular activity against MAC. As a test of the validity of this model, alveolar macrophages were isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavages of 36 patients who had AIDS or an AIDS-related condition or were considered to be at risk for AIDS. The macrophages were infected with MAC and then treated with a drug or drug combination for 48 to 72 h. Survival of MAC was measured over time in drug-treated macrophages and untreated control macrophages. No single drug or two-drug combination that was tested was able to cause a decrease in the survival of every one of the MAC strains used in the study. However, several three-drug combinations that had been shown to cause a decrease in survival of all MAC strains inside J774 cells also caused a decrease in survival of all MAC strains inside alveolar macrophages from patients. The good agreement between these results and those obtained previously with J774 cells gives further evidence of the usefulness of the simpler J774 model for screening of drugs for intracellular activity against MAC.
Globally efficient non‐parametric inference of average treatment effects by empirical balancing calibration weighting

The estimation of average treatment effects based on observational data is extremely important in practice and has been studied by generations of statisticians under different frameworks. Existing globally efficient estimators require non‐parametric estimation of a propensity score function, an outcome regression function or both, but their performance can be poor in practical sample sizes. Without explicitly estimating either function, we consider a wide class of calibration weights constructed to attain an exact three‐way balance of the moments of observed covariates among the treated, the control and the combined group. The wide class includes exponential tilting, empirical likelihood and generalized regression as important special cases, and extends survey calibration estimators to different statistical problems and with important distinctions. Global semiparametric efficiency for the estimation of average treatment effects is established for this general class of calibration estimators. The results show that efficiency can be achieved by solely balancing the covariate distributions without resorting to direct estimation of the propensity score or outcome regression function. We also propose a consistent estimator for the efficient asymptotic variance, which does not involve additional functional estimation of either the propensity score or the outcome regression functions. The variance estimator proposed outperforms existing estimators that require a direct approximation of the efficient influence function.
A multi-room reverberant dataset for sound event localization and detection

This paper presents the sound event localization and detection (SELD) task setup for the DCASE 2019 challenge. The goal of the SELD task is to detect the temporal activities of a known set of sound event classes, and further localize them in space when active. As part of the challenge, a synthesized dataset with each sound event associated with a spatial coordinate represented using azimuth and elevation angles is provided. These sound events are spatialized using real-life impulse responses collected at multiple spatial coordinates in five different rooms with varying dimensions and material properties. A baseline SELD method employing a convolutional recurrent neural network is used to generate benchmark scores for this reverberant dataset. The benchmark scores are obtained using the recommended cross-validation setup.
COSMOGRAIL XVIII: time delays of the quadruply lensed quasar WFI2033-4723

We present new measurements of the time delays of WFI2033-4723. The data sets used in this work include 14 years of data taken at the 1.2m Leonhard Euler Swiss telescope, 13 years of data from the SMARTS 1.3m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and a single year of high-cadence and high-precision monitoring at the MPIA 2.2m telescope. The time delays measured from these different data sets, all taken in the R-band, are in good agreement with each other and with previous measurements from the literature. Combining all the time-delay estimates from our data sets results in Dt_AB = 36.2-0.8+0.7 days (2.1% precision), Dt_AC = -23.3-1.4+1.2 days (5.6%) and Dt_BC = -59.4-1.3+1.3 days (2.2%). In addition, the close image pair A1-A2 of the lensed quasars can be resolved in the MPIA 2.2m data. We measure a time delay consistent with zero in this pair of images. We also explore the prior distributions of microlensing time-delay potentially affecting the cosmological time-delay measurements of WFI2033-4723. There is however no strong indication in our measurements that microlensing time delay is neither present nor absent. This work is part of a H0LiCOW series focusing on measuring the Hubble constant from WFI2033-4723.
Continuous noninvasive monitoring of transcutaneous blood gases for a stable and persistent BOLD contrast in fMRI studies in the rat

The physiological status of anesthetized rats greatly influences blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Monitoring of physiological parameters, particularly partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) levels in the blood, is therefore an important part in the design and performance of reliable fMRI experiments. In this paper, the use of a transcutaneous blood gas analyzing system in rats as a completely noninvasive and MR‐compatible method is demonstrated. It was successfully used to monitor continuously pCO2 values, as an effective alternative to more invasive methods, such as analysis of repetitive arterial blood samples or endtidal capnography. In addition, the transcutaneous pCO2 of rats anesthetized for long periods was studied using different anesthetic substances and experimental protocols. On‐line monitoring of pCO2 values permitted experimental conditions to be established in which the animals remained normocapnic and during which a robust and consistent BOLD contrast could be observed upon somatosensory forepaw stimulation. A transcutaneous pCO2 threshold level was defined for the reliable detection of a stimulus‐dependent BOLD response. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of empiric versus nomogram‐based direct thrombin inhibitor management in patients with suspected heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia

The aim of this study was to evaluate a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) titration protocol in patients with suspected HIT. This observational study compared patients treated with argatroban or bivalirudin according to the University of Colorado Hospital DTI titration protocol versus a control group treated prior to protocol implementation. Protocol patients had DTI initial doses based on organ function and fixed dosage adjustments of 10, 25, or 50%. Initial doses and titrations in the control group were made per physician discretion. A total of 130 patients were enrolled: 47 in the protocol group and 83 in the control group (median age 54 years, 63% male, 78% critically ill, and 54% received argatroban). Goal aPTT was achieved with initial DTI dose in 64% of protocol patients and 46% of control patients (P = 0.07). Median (IQR) time to goal aPTT was reduced in the protocol group compared to the control group [5 hr (2–10 hr) vs. 13 hr (6–29 hr); P < 0.0001]. Median time to dose stabilization was 10 hr (6–27 hr) and 22 hr (13–40 hr) in the protocol and control groups, respectively; P < 0.0001. Median number of titrations to goal was 0 (0–1) versus 1 (0–4), respectively; P = 0.02. Median percentage of aPTT values in goal was 67% (41–100%) versus 53% (33–76%), respectively; P = 0.027. The DTI titration protocol shortened time to achieve goal aPTT, reduced time to dose stabilization, decreased the number of titrations required to achieve aPTT goal, and improved the percentage of aPTT values in goal range. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AMR Parsing as Sequence-to-Graph Transduction

We propose an attention-based model that treats AMR parsing as sequence-to-graph transduction. Unlike most AMR parsers that rely on pre-trained aligners, external semantic resources, or data augmentation, our proposed parser is aligner-free, and it can be effectively trained with limited amounts of labeled AMR data. Our experimental results outperform all previously reported SMATCH scores, on both AMR 2.0 (76.3% on LDC2017T10) and AMR 1.0 (70.2% on LDC2014T12).
CNNs found to jump around more skillfully than RNNs: Compositional Generalization in Seq2seq Convolutional Networks

Lake and Baroni (2018) introduced the SCAN dataset probing the ability of seq2seq models to capture compositional generalizations, such as inferring the meaning of “jump around” 0-shot from the component words. Recurrent networks (RNNs) were found to completely fail the most challenging generalization cases. We test here a convolutional network (CNN) on these tasks, reporting hugely improved performance with respect to RNNs. Despite the big improvement, the CNN has however not induced systematic rules, suggesting that the difference between compositional and non-compositional behaviour is not clear-cut.
Transcription and Translation Inhibitors Permit Metamorphosis up to Radiole Formation in the Serpulid Polychaete Hydroides elegans Haswell

Settlement and metamorphosis in most well-studied marine invertebrates are rapid processes, triggered by external cues. How this initial environmentally mediated response is transduced into morphogenetic events that culminate in the formation of a functional juvenile is still not well understood for any marine invertebrate. The response of larvae of the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans to inhibitors of mRNA and protein synthesis was examined to determine if metamorphosis requires these molecular processes. Competent larvae of H. elegans were induced to metamorphose by exposing them to a bacterial film or a 3-h pulse of 10 mM CsCl in the presence of the gene-transcription inhibitor DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) or the translation inhibitor emetine. When induced to metamorphose in the presence of either inhibitor, larvae of H. elegans progressed through metamorphosis to the point at which branchial radioles start to develop. DRB and emetine inhibited the incorporation of radiolabeled uridine into RNA and radiolabeled methionine into peptides, respectively, indicating that they were effective in blocking the appropriate syntheses. Taken together, these results indicate that the induction of metamorphosis in H. elegans does not require de novo transcription or translation, and that the form of the juvenile worm is achieved in two phases. During the first phase, larvae respond to the inducer by attaching to the substratum, secreting a primary tube, resorbing the prototroch cilia, undergoing caudal elongation, and differentiating the collar; once the collar is formed, they begin secreting the secondary, calcified tube. During the second phase, the small worm develops branchial radioles and begins to grow, requiring new mRNA and protein syntheses.
Asymptotically Exact A Posteriori Error Estimates of Eigenvalues by the Crouzeix-Raviart Element and Enriched Crouzeix-Raviart Element

Two asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimates are proposed for eigenvalues by the nonconforming Crouzeix--Raviart and enriched Crouzeix-- Raviart elements. The main challenge in the design of such error estimators comes from the nonconformity of the finite element spaces used. Such nonconformity causes two difficulties, the first one is the construction of high accuracy gradient recovery algorithms, the second one is a computable high accuracy approximation of a consistency error term. The first difficulty was solved for both nonconforming elements in a previous paper. Two methods are proposed to solve the second difficulty in the present paper. In particular, this allows the use of high accuracy gradient recovery techniques. Further, a post-processing algorithm is designed by utilizing asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimators to construct the weights of a combination of two approximate eigenvalues. This algorithm requires to solve only one eigenvalue problem and admits high accuracy eigenvalue approximations both theoretically and numerically.
On the Planetary Interpretation of Multiple Gaps and Rings in Protoplanetary Disks Seen By ALMA

It has been recently suggested that the multiple concentric rings and gaps discovered by ALMA in many protoplanetary disks may be produced by a single planet, as a result of the complex propagation and dissipation of the multiple spiral density waves it excites in the disk. Numerical efforts to verify this idea have largely utilized the so-called locally isothermal approximation with a prescribed disk temperature profile. However, in protoplanetary disks this approximation does not provide an accurate description of the density wave dynamics on scales of tens of astronomical units. Moreover, we show that locally isothermal simulations tend to overestimate the contrast of ring and gap features, as well as misrepresent their positions, when compared to simulations in which the energy equation is evolved explicitly. This outcome is caused by the nonconservation of the angular momentum flux of linear perturbations in locally isothermal disks. We demonstrate this effect using simulations of locally isothermal and adiabatic disks (with essentially identical temperature profiles) and show how the dust distributions, probed by millimeter wavelength observations, differ between the two cases. Locally isothermal simulations may thus underestimate the masses of planets responsible for the formation of multiple gaps and rings on scales of tens of astronomical units observed by ALMA. We suggest that caution should be exercised in using the locally isothermal simulations to explore planet–disk interaction, as well as in other studies of wave-like phenomena in astrophysical disks.
SIRS score on admission and initial concentration of IL-6 as severe acute pancreatitis outcome predictors.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Early recognition of severe form of acute pancreatitis is important because these patients need more agressive diagnostic and therapeutical approach an can develope systemic complications such as: sepsis, coagulopathy, Acute Lung Injury (ALI), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), Multiple Organ Failure (MOF). To determine role of the combination of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) score and serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level on admission as predictor of illness severity and outcome of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP). METHODOLOGY We evaluated 234 patients with first onset of SAP appears in last twenty four hours. A total of 77 (33%) patients died. SIRS score and serum IL-6 concentration were measured in first hour after admission. RESULTS In 105 patients with SIRS score 3 and higher, initial measured IL-6 levels were significantly higher than in the group of remaining 129 patients (72 +/- 67 pg/mL, vs 18 +/- 15 pg/mL). All nonsurvivals were in the first group, with SIRS score 3 and 4 and initial IL-6 concentration 113 +/- 27 pg/mL. The values of C-reactive Protein (CRP) measured after 48h, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score on admission and Ranson score showed the similar correlation, but serum amylase level did not correlate significantly with Ranson score, IL-6 concentration and APACHE II score. CONCLUSION The combination of SIRS score on admission and IL-6 serum concentration can be early, predictor of illness severity and outcome in SAP.
Gender related differences in airway tone in children

The effects of gender, volume history, and inhaled atropine and isoproterenol on lung mechanics were assessed in 16 normal boys and 14 normal girls using lung volumes, flow‐volume curves, and oscillatory resistances. Flows were measured from full and partial forced expiratory flow‐volume curves. Six girls and 6 boys were studied before and after inhaled atropine, and 10 boys and 8 girls before and after inhaled isoproterenol. Girls demonstrated a significant increase in flows on full and partial curves with a deep inspiration vmax‐partial 0.73 ± 0.34 (SD) to Vmax‐fullO.80 ± 0.37 and 0.83 ± 0.20 to 1.06 ± 0.29 TLC/s in each group and following inhalation of isoproterenol on the partial curves only (0.73 ± 0.34 to 0.93 ± 0.40 TLC/s). Boys showed a small but significant increase in Vmax with isoproterenol on full curves but not on partial curves. Following atropine, boys demonstrated a significant increase in Vmax on partial flow‐volume curves (0.78 ± 0.28 to 1.00 ± 0.35 TLC/s) and a significant decrease in specific respiratory resistance (7.6 ± 2.7 to 5.1 ± 0.9 cmH2O/s), whereas girls had no such changes. These data suggest that boys have greater resting air way tone than girls and that this tone is less responsive to deep inspiration and isoproterenol independently, although a combination of isoproterenol and a deep inspiration will produce increased flows in boys. Atropine reduces airway tone predominantly in boys, suggesting that the increased resting airway tone in boys is partially mediated via the vagus nerve. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:31–35. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase Synchronization of Stimulated Raman Process in Optical Fiber For Long Pulse Regime.

We investigate the evolution of coherence property of noise-seeded Stokes wave in short ( 1 ps) regimes. Nonlinear equations expressing the evolution of pump and Stokes wave are solved numerically for both the regions. The simulations include quantum noise by incorporating noise seed in the pump field where one photon per mode with random phase. The spectral phase fluctuations of the Stokes wave for both the regions, are characterized by performing multiple simulations and finally, the degrees of first-order mutual coherence are calculated as a function of wavelength for different conditions. Our statistical analysis proclaim that noise-seeded stimulated Raman process, which plays the role in degradation of coherence in short pulse region, exhibits strong phase synchronization in long pulse regime. The manifestation of phase synchronization occurs by the transition of the Stokes wave from incoherent to coherent spectra in long pulse regime.
Plant infection by two different viruses induce contrasting changes of vectors fitness and behavior

Insect‐vectored plant viruses can induce changes in plant phenotypes, thus influencing plant–vector interactions in a way that may promote their dispersal according to their mode of transmission (i.e., circulative vs. noncirculative). This indirect vector manipulation requires host–virus–vector coevolution and would thus be effective solely in very specific plant–virus–vector species associations. Some studies suggest this manipulation may depend on multiple factors relative to various intrinsic characteristics of vectors such as transmission efficiency. In anintegrative study, we tested the effects of infection of the Brassicaceae Camelina sativa with the noncirculative Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) or the circulative Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) on the host‐plant colonization of two aphid species differing in their virus transmission efficiency: the polyphagous Myzus persicae, efficient vector of both viruses, and the Brassicaceae specialist Brevicoryne brassicae, poor vector of TuYV and efficient vector of CaMV. Results confirmed the important role of virus mode of transmission as plant‐mediated effects of CaMV on the two aphid species induced negative alterations of feeding behavior (i.e., decreased phloem sap ingestion) and performance that were both conducive for virus fitness by promoting dispersion after a rapid acquisition. In addition, virus transmission efficiency may also play a role in vector manipulation by viruses as only the responses of the efficient vector to plant‐mediated effects of TuYV, that is, enhanced feeding behavior and performances, were favorable to their acquisition and further dispersal. Altogether, this work demonstrated that vector transmission efficiency also has to be considered when studying the mechanisms underlying vector manipulation by viruses. Our results also reinforce the idea that vector manipulation requires coevolution between plant, virus and vector.