Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term assessment of airborne radiocesium after the Fukushima nuclear accident : re-suspension from bare soil and forest ecosystems

The long-term effect of 137Cs re-suspension from contaminated soil and forests due to the Fukushima nuclear accident has been quantitatively assessed by numerical simulation, a field experiment on dust emission flux in a contaminated area (town of Namie, Fukushima prefecture), and air concentration measurements inside (Namie) and outside (city of Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture) the contaminated area. In order to assess the long-term effect, the full year of 2013 was selected to study just after the start of the field experiments. The 137Cs concentrations at Namie and Tsukuba were approximately 10−1–1 and 10−2–10−1 mBq m−3, respectively. The observed monthly median concentration at Namie was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than that at Tsukuba. This observed difference between the two sites was consistent with the simulated difference, indicating successful modeling of 137Cs re-suspension and atmospheric transport. The estimated re-suspension rate was approximately 10−6 day−1, which was significantly lower than the decreasing rate of the ambient gamma dose rate in Fukushima prefecture (10−4–10−3 day−1) as a result of radioactive decay, migration in the soil and biota, and decontamination. Consequently, re-suspension contributed negligibly in reducing ground radioactivity. The dust emission model could reproduce the air concentration of 137Cs in winter, whereas the summer air concentration was underestimated by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Re-suspension from forests at a constant rate of 10−7 h−1, multiplied by the green area fraction, could explain the air concentration of 137Cs at Namie and its seasonal variation. The simulated contribution of dust resuspension to the air concentration was 0.7–0.9 in the cold season and 0.2–0.4 in the warm season at both sites; the remainder of the contribution was re-suspension from forest. The re-suspension mechanisms, especially through the forest ecosystems, remain unknown. This is the first study that provides a crude estimation of the long-term assessment of radiocesium re-suspension. Additional research activities should investigate the processes/mechanisms governing the re-suspension over the long term. This could be achieved through conducting additional field experiments and numerical simulations.
Immune Nutrient Content of Sea Urchin ( Diadema setosum ) Gonads

Over population of marine sea urchins ( Diadema setosum ) may disrupt the growth of Crustose coralline causing the reduction of coral reefs growth. Consumption of Diadema setosum gonads as the alternative food may assists to preserve the balance of coral reefs ecosystem. The Objective of this study was to measure and evaluate the nutrient content of the gonad of Diadema setosum . Mass spectrophotometer was used to measure vitamin and albumin contents, Kjeldahl methods for protein content, and Atomization method for trace elements (Fe, Mg, and Zn) content. The presence of active compounds such as steroids, amino acids and antioxidants were identified by thin-layer chromatograph (TLC). Protein, albumin, vitamin A, vitamin E and trace elements (Fe, Mg, and Zn) were found in the gonad of Diadema setosum . Vitamin E (23.47 mg) was the highest nutrient content compared to other nutrient elements. The extracts of the gonad of Diadema setosum were found to have steroid, amino acids and antioxidant compounds. Overall, nutrient contents and active compounds in the gonad of Diadema setosum are essential components needed for immune system, therefore besides its potency as alternative food source, gonad of Diadema setosum has potency to become the source of immune-nutrient.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Single Dose Intravenous Administration of Enrofloxacin in Barbari Goats

Pharmacokinetic studies of enrofloxacin were performed after single intravenous (IV) administrations of 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) to 6 healthy Barbari goats. The study was performed by cross-over design. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein at predetermined time intervals after drug administration. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental model. The drug showed distribution half life (t1/2α) of 0.11±0.02 h and elimination half life (t1/2β) of 1.34±0.06 h. Large volume of distribution (Vdarea) of 3289.92±278 ml.kg -1 in goats indicated high distribution of drug into various body fluids and tissues. The average values for area under plasma drug concentration-time curve AUC(0-∞) and area under first moment curve (AUMC) was 2.97±0.19 μg. ml-1.h and 5.03±1.41 μg. ml-1.h2, with mean residence time (MRT) of 1.68±0.24 h respectively.
Long-term and spillover effects of a marine protected area on an exploited fish community

We assessed the development of the exploited fish community inside and around the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (CIMR), a marine protected area (MPA), 8 to 16 yr after fishing ceased in the reserve. Sampling was by annual lobster trammel net fishing, an experimental tech- nique used inside the CIMR, and on-board commercial operations in adjacent fishing grounds. We examined trends in combined fish abundance and biomass (catch per unit effort), species richness and diversity, size structure, trophic level and species composition of the community. Our results showed the CIMR fish community continued to change throughout the study period as (1) abundance and biomass increased, (2) mean body size and trophic level increased and (3) species composition changed according to a linear model. Relative to nearby fished areas the CIMR fish community had (1) higher abundance and biomass, (2) lower species diversity and higher taxonomic distinctness, (3) larger relative body size and (4) no difference in mean trophic level. We found clear evidence of spillover of fish from the CIMR to the adjacent fishery as commercial fish yields at the MPA border (<0.5 km from the boundary) increased continuously during the study period, despite being locally depleted due to fishing effort concentration (fishing the line). Furthermore, fish size and diversity at the border were intermediate between the CIMR and other fished zones, suggesting that this is a transitional zone influenced by this MPA. Our results show that changes in community abundance, biomass, size structure and species composition provide a clear and interpretable view of MPA recov- ery. Diversity indices are also useful; however, their interpretation is more difficult. We conclude that the creation of the CIMR has had a positive effect on the exploitable fish community and that there is evidence of exportation of biomass to the surrounding fishery. We highlight the advantage of using multiple community metrics to study changes in fish communities, yet recommend the need for caution when interpreting them.
Presence of Stool H. Pylori Antigen among Children with Abdominal Symptoms: A Sudanese Hospital Based Study

Background. pylori infection is one of the most common infections in the world. It is usually acquired during childhood and without antibiotic therapy, it generally persists for life. A causal relationship between H. pylori infection and abdominal symptoms of childhood is still not proven. In addition, there seems to be a relationship between ulcer disease and abdominal symptoms but it is still not confirmed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between abdominal symptoms and positivity of H pylori in their stool. Methodology: This is hospital based study done in pediatric gastroenterology clinic in Sudan, A total of 50 children were selected according to specific criteria, any child presented with abdominal symptoms were included according to certain inclusion and exclusion criteria, The age of the study group was between one month and 15 yrs. The stool antigen test for H. pylori was performed, data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Out of Fifty selected patients, 20(40%) had only recurrent abdominal pain, 15(30%) presented with concomitant abdominal pain and diarrhea, and 3(6%) had both abdominal pain and vomiting, while 4(8%) had tripled symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting, just 6(12%) presented with isolated diarrhea, also 2(4%) presented with isolated vomiting. Positivity of H. pylori antigen was 29(58%) of the whole group, 20(70%) of those had positive H. pylori were under five years, furthermore 7(63.6%) of those had family history of similar condition were harboring the H. pylori antigen in their stool, in addition 27(93%) of those had positive stool test lived in very poor or poor socioeconomic conditions, indicating existence of strong and significant correlation between detection of antigen and their living condition. More analysis showed 25 out of 29 of those positive for the H. pylori stool test were presented with isolated recurrent abdominal pain, or in association with vomiting/diarrhea or both, while just 4 cases out of 29 who had the antigen were presented with isolated one symptom (diarrhea or vomiting) and this showed statistically significance correlation between abdominal pain+/- other symptoms and the presence of the stool H pylori. Conclusion: The authors concluded that the most common GI presentation associated with fecalantigen for H. pylori was abdominal pain whether alone or in association with other symptom, while isolated diarrhea or vomiting has no significant association, moreover concluded that presence of H. pylori fecal antigen in children less than five is more than those who areabove than five year old.
An analysis of intraday patterns and liquidity on the Istanbul stock exchange

We analyze different dimensions of liquidity on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) by using detailed order and transaction data for all ISE stocks. We estimate the limit order book on the ISE at each point in time and examine the intraday behavior of spreads, depths, returns and volume. We find that the spreads follow an L-shaped pattern whereas returns, number of trades and volume follow a U-shaped pattern. Means of these liquidity variables are significantly different for different time intervals in a given day. Another result is that traders use spreads and depths simultaneously to implement their strategies, i.e., wide spreads are accompanied by low depths and vice versa. We also find that spreads are higher on average for more risky stocks and for more active stocks. Measure of information flow as signaled by trades of unusual size causes the spreads to increase. Finally there are day-of-week effects on spreads, returns and share volume.
Effect of precursor mineralogy on the thermal infrared emission spectra of hematite: Application to Martian hematite mineralization

[1] Observations from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument aboard the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft led to the discovery of two isolated deposits of gray, crystalline hematite located in Meridiani Planum and Aram Chaos and several smaller deposits in Valles Marineris. Several pathways for formation of these hematite deposits have been proposed, involving both aqueous and nonaqueous processes. This work uses the precise shape and position of spectral features in the Martian hematite thermal emission spectrum to constrain hematite formation pathways. Thermal infrared emission spectra, X-ray powder diffraction patterns, Mossbauer spectra, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) photomicrographs were obtained for synthetic and natural hematite samples derived by (1) dehydroxylation of fine-grained goethite and (2) oxidation of magnetite. Collectively, the instrumental analyses show that the mineralogical composition and crystal morphology of precursor samples and the time and temperature conditions under which decomposition to hematite occur determine the crystallinity and crystal morphology of the hematite product. Comparison of laboratory and MGS-TES spectra shows that the Martian hematite spectra correspond closely with a synthetic hematite sample derived by pseudomorphic and topotactic dehydroxylation of goethite at 300°C. Spectra of goethite-precursor samples dehydroxylated at higher temperatures provide increasingly poor fits. Spectra of hematite samples derived by high-temperature thermal oxidation of magnetite are also poorer fits to the Martian hematite spectrum. Thermal emission spectra of goethites heated at lower temperatures are characterized by the spectral signatures of both hematite and goethite and are not consistent with the Martian spectra. The characteristic that distinguishes the synthetic hematite sample with the Mars-like spectral signature from the other synthetic hematite samples is the high proportion of crystal surfaces that are crystallographic {001} faces (c faces) for the former but not the latter. The high proportion of {001} face area results because the largest surface of the lath-shaped hematite particles is the (001) face, as determined by TEM. Thus a possible formation pathway for hematite in Meridiani Planum, Aram Chaos, and Valles Marineris is precipitation of goethite from aqueous solutions as lath-shaped crystals, possibly as a stain, cement, and/or massive deposit, followed by pseudomorphic and topotactic dehydroxylation to hematite at temperatures below ∼300°C.
Defatted Peanut Meal (Arachis hypogea) as a Complementary Protein Source in Diets for Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Fry and Effect on Fatty Acid Composition

A B S T R A C T This study was conducted to investigate the partial replacement of fish meal with defatted peanut meal (DPNM) in diets of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus and to evaluate its effect on body fatty acids composition. Four levels of DPNM inclusion (0, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) were used and one control group was included. Fish diets were isonitrogenous (crude protein 36%) and isoenergetic (20 kJ/kg). One hundred and fifty tilapia fry (average weight of ~ 0.85 g) were fed during a 45-day feeding trial conducted in a recirculation system aquarium. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish fillet showed increasing with increase of DPNM level. The present results suggest that defatted peanut meal is a promising alternative feedstuff and that it could be safely used in Mozambique tilapia diets up to 10% without adverse effects on fillet fatty acid composition.
2 2 Se p 20 18 Particle Trajectories in Nonlinear Schrödinger Models

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is well known as a universal equation in the study of wave motion. In the context of wave motion at the free surface of an incompressible fluid, the equation accurately predicts the evolution of modulated wave trains with low to moderate wave steepness. While there is an abundance of studies investigating the reconstruction of the surface profile η, and the fidelity of such profiles provided by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation as predictions of real surface water waves, very few works have focused on the associated flow field in the fluid. In the current work, it is shown that the velocity potential φ can be reconstructed in a similar way as the free-surface profile. This observation opens up a range of potential applications since the nonlinear Schrödinger equation features fairly simple closed-form solutions and can be solved numerically with comparatively little effort. In particular, it is shown that particle trajectories in the fluid can be described with relative ease not only in the context of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, but also in higher-order models such as the Dysthe equation, and in models incorporating certain types of viscous effects.
Serological Evaluation of Possible Exposure to Ljungan Virus and Related Parechovirus in Autoimmune (Type 1) Diabetes Children and Controls

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Mercaptobenzothiazole-on-Gold Organic Phase Biosensor Systems: 3. Thick-Film Biosensors for Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide Determination

The last few decades has seen an increase in the use of pesticides in order to increase crop yields. This has resulted in the increased use of organophosphorous (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticide compounds since they result in much lower bioaccumulation and higher biodegradability, therefore they have replaced organochlorine as the most popular pesticides. However, as with the overuse of many pesticides, the OP and CM compounds leave residues in the soil, crops and surface water, which in turn exert a great threat to the environment and human health. The OP and CM compounds enter organisms and then inhibit the activity of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) by irreversibly binding to the active site of this enzyme, which is important for the transmission of nerve impulses (Wu et al., 2009; Somerset et al., 2009; Garcia de Llasera et al., 2009; Mavrikou et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2008; Boon et al., 2008; Pinheiro & De Andrade, 2009). A broad range of adverse effects can result from AChE inhibition and it includes abdominal pain and cramps, glandular secretions, skeletal muscle twitching, flaccid paralysis, tiredness, nausea, blurred vision, drowsiness, eye pain, convulsions, respiratory failure and untimely death. Furthermore, OP and CM compounds are now also known to have mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects and have been included in the list of known endocrine disruptor compounds (Luo & Zhang, 2009; Wu et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2008; Fu et al., 2009; Caetano & Machado, 2008). Due to the increasing toxicity and adverse effects of pesticides, many countries are now monitoring environmental and food samples for pesticides and have established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for various pesticides in food products (Hildebrandt et al., 2008). Some of the conventional methods used for chemical analysis of pesticides include spectrophotometry, infrared spectrometry, flow-injection chemiluminescence, fluorimetry, fluorescence spectrometry, mass spectrometry, but mainly chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid
Co-purification of Nuclear Receptor Ligand(s) and Interacting Proteins from Zebrafish Embryos

The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is a group of transcription factors that regulate genes involved in many biological processes such as development, reproduction and metabolic homeostasis. These transcription factors are regulated by small molecules that bind to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of each NR. There are 48 human nuclear receptors, of which approximately half are considered as 'orphan' receptors. The endogenous ligand(s) for these 'orphan' receptors are yet to be discovered.
Menstrual hygiene: a 'silent' need during disaster recovery

Post-disaster relief and recovery operations seldom focus on women’s priorities regarding menstrual hygiene. There is an increasing awareness to incorporate inclusive, participatory, and gender-sensitive strategies for implementation of response programmes. This article presents empirical findings related to menstrual hygiene management (MHM), demonstrating it is integral to women’s privacy and safety during recovery. Using case studies from India, the 2012 Assam floods and 2013 Cyclone Phailin in Odisha, this article explores menstrual hygiene practices in a post-disaster context. The data were collected through participatory learning and action tools such as focus group discussions, household interviews, priority ranking, and observations. It emerged that menstrual hygiene was overlooked at the household level during recovery; women and adolescent girls faced seclusion and isolation, exacerbating privacy and security concerns post-disasters. Some humanitarian agencies have an ad hoc approach towards MHM.
Masked Orthographic and Phonological Priming in Visual Word Recognition and Naming: Cross-Task Comparisons

Abstract The effects of briefly presented, masked, and orthographically and/or phonologically related nonword primes on the recognition of subsequently presented target words were investigated in different experimental tasks. Robust effects of orthographic and phonological priming were observed in both the lexical decision and the perceptual identification tasks, with no such effects appearing in the word naming task, except for orthographic priming effects at the shortest prime exposures. Further investigation of this marked dissociation across experimental tasks showed that word naming is particularly sensitive to shared onsets in the masked priming paradigm and that robust rhyme priming does occur when primes and targets have different onsets. The lexical decision task, on the other hand, showed priming effects independently of whether prime and targets shared onsets. These results are discussed within the framework of a bimodal interactive activation model of visual word recognition and naming.
Bacteriological quality assessment of buffalo meat collected from different districts of Bangladesh with particular emphasis on the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of the isolated Salmonella species

The research project was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of buffalo meat samples collected from three upazilas namely Haluaghat, Sreepur and Madhupur of Bangladesh under the districts of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Tangail respectively with particular emphasis on the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of the isolate Salmonella species. Total viable count (TVC), total staphylococcal count (TStaC) and total salmonella count (TSC) of meat samples were determined and the mean values of TVC, TStaC and TSC for the Haluaghat, Sreepur and Madhupur were log 8.30, log 7.94, log 8.15; log6.21, log 6.40, log 5.43 and log 4.76, log 4.82, log 4.56 CFU/gm respectively which exceeded the ICMSF recommendations values. The variation of TVC and TSC in meats of different buffalo markets was significant at 5% level where the variation of TStaC was significant at 1% level. Nevertheless no significant variation was demonstrated between the interactions of the three upazilas. Among the samples, 46.67% (n=14) were found to be associated with Salmonella spp. The Salmonella spp. were identified by observing black centered colonies on XLD agar, positive to MR test and negative to VP and Indole test. All isolates of Salmonella spp. were positive to 16s rRNA gene based PCR (574bp). All isolates of Salmonella species were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and gentamicin. All isolates of Salmonella spp. (n=14; 100%) were resistant to amoxicillin and few isolates also resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, azithromycin and cephradine. The findings of this study revealed the presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in buffalo meat of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Tangail districts of Bangladesh that posseses a serious threat to public health. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 12-20