Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Investigation into the Design Trade-offs in Decision Support Systems

Author(s): Schaffer, James Austin | Advisor(s): Hollerer, Tobias | Abstract: Users frequently make decisions about which information systems they incorporate into their information analysis and they abandon tools that they perceive as untrustworthy or ineffective. Decision support systems - automated agents that provide complex algorithms - are often effective but simultaneously opaque; meanwhile, simple tools are transparent and predictable but limited in their usefulness. Tool creators have responded by increasing transparency (via explanation) and customizability (via control parameters) of complex algorithms or by improving the effectiveness of simple algorithms (such as adding personalization to keyword search). Unfortunately, requiring user input or attention requires cognitive bandwidth, which could hurt performance in time-sensitive operations. Simultaneously, improving the performance of algorithms typically makes the underlying computations more complex, reducing predictability, increasing potential mistrust, and sometimes resulting in user performance degradation. Ideally, software engineers could create systems that accommodate human cognition, however, not all of the factors that affect decision making in human-agent interaction (HAI) are known. In this work, we conduct a quantitative investigation into the role of human insight, awareness of system operations, cognitive load, and trust in the context of decision support systems. We conduct several experiments with different task parameters that shed light on the relationship between human cognition and the availability of system explanation/control under varying degrees of algorithm error. Human decision making behavior is quantified in terms of which information tools are used, which information is incorporated, and domain decision success. The measurement of intermediate cognitive variables allows for the testing of mediation effects, which facilitates the explanation of effects related to system explanation, control, and error. Key findings are 1) a simple, reliable, domain independent profiling test can predict human decision behavior in the HAI context, 2) correct user beliefs about information systems mediate the effects of system explanations to predict adherence to advice, and 3) explanations from and control over complex algorithms increase trust, satisfaction, interaction, and adherence, but they also cause humans to form incorrect beliefs about data.
PENGEMBANGAN BLOG SUPPORT PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

This study aims to (1) get a valid and practice prototype mathematicsâ€™ blog support for learning in senior high school, (2) see the effect of blog support for learning mathematics. That is used in this study is a developmental research that consist of conception, designing, collecting materials, assembling, trying out and distributing. Mathematicsâ€™ blog support was tried out to eleventh grade of senior high school student in SMA YPI Tunas Bangsa. The instruments for collecting data are test, observation, questioner, and document analyzing. Â Test is used to see studentsâ€™ achievement. Observation is used to see studentsâ€™ activities. Questioner is used to see studentsâ€™ opinion after using mathematicsâ€™ blog support. Document analyzing is used to see opinions of expert review about validity and practically of mathematicsâ€™ blog support. The results of analysis are: (1) mathematicsâ€™ blog support which is developed has been valid and practice. Valid is based on expert review. Practice is based on one to one and small group. (2) Mathematicsâ€™ blog support which is developed has been effective for studentsâ€™ activities and studentsâ€™ achievement. Keywords:Â Development Research, Blog support, Mathematics learning, Derivative
Factors Influencing Virtual Patron Satisfaction with Online Library Resources and Services

College students are accessing virtual libraries whether they are on campus or learning from a distance. Academic institutions serving virtual patrons must remain focused on meeting the needs of those library users by continually examining their preferences, their searching behavior, and the information they seek. The purpose of this research was to determine if virtual patrons are satisfied with the resources and services being provided by a university’s online library. Following a web-based survey, demographic characteristics of students were analyzed to determine if any influenced students’ satisfaction. Using analysis of variance, correlation, and descriptive statistics, several demographic factors were found to influence student satisfaction with the library’s online resources: age, gender, achieved educational level, student status, and computer experience. One factor, computer experience, was found to influence student satisfaction with the library’s online services. Overall, students reported satisfaction with the university’s online library resources and services. Comments submitted to open-ended questions regarding areas for improvement to the online library provide library administrators with avenues for development to increase awareness of library services, focus improvement in navigation, and enhance student satisfaction.
Booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine does not increase risks of myocarditis and pericarditis compared with primary vaccination: New insights from the vaccine adverse event reporting system

Background Despite the likely association between coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines and cases of myocarditis/pericarditis, the benefit–risk assessment by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) still showed a favorable balance for the primary series of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations. Since August 2021, a full-scale booster vaccination in certain recipients has been recommended. Great concerns about whether the COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination could increase the risks of myocarditis/pericarditis have been raised since then. The present study aimed to compare the incidence rates and risks of myocarditis/pericarditis between booster and primary vaccination programs. Methods The CDC COVID Data Tracker and the Vaccines Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) were queried between December 11, 2020 and March 15, 2022. Incidence rates were calculated by cases of myocarditis/pericarditis divided by the number of vaccinated people or the total doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Disproportionality patterns for myocarditis/pericarditis of different COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations were accessed based on the reporting odds and proportional reporting ratios (ROR and PRR, respectively). Results A total of 2,588 reports of myocarditis/pericarditis were identified after administration of primary-series COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and 269 after the booster dose program during the study period. The incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis following booster COVID-19 mRNA vaccination was lower than that of primary series. The results showed significantly high reporting of myocarditis/pericarditis following the administration of primary COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, whereas the disproportional level was lower in the booster-dose vaccination. Conclusion This study found that the booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination when compared with primary series course did not lead to an increase in the risks of myocarditis/pericarditis.
The temporal dynamics of symptoms during exposure therapies of PTSD: a network approach

ABSTRACT Background: Analysis of dynamic (temporal) networks allows an identification of important targets of treatment. Objective: This study examined the dynamic network of symptoms in patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during exposure therapy. Method: Patients (n = 65) were randomized to either standard prolonged exposure, which includes imaginal exposure to the traumatic memory, or modified prolonged exposure, where imagery re-scripting of the memory replaced imaginal exposure, in a 10-week residential program. They completed a measure of DSM-IV PTSD symptoms weekly. The multilevel vector autoregressive (mlVAR) model was used to analyse the data, producing a temporal (dynamic), contemporaneous, and between-person network. Results: Physiological reactivity to reminders in a given week was positively related to distress reactivity and to flashbacks the subsequent week. Hypervigilance one week was positively related to startle response and external avoidance the subsequent week. In addition, sleep problems were positively predicted by previous week internal avoidance and negatively predicted by previous week flashbacks. Hypervigilance and physiological reactivation had the highest out-strength, indicating that they were the most predictive of other symptoms. Conclusions: The present within-person results make a preliminaryrect basis for the recommendation to monitor and facilitate change in physiological reactivation and hypervigilance in the treatment of PTSD. Future studies should examine the replicability of our temporal PTSD network and also include causal variables beyond symptoms. HIGHLIGHTS • Dynamic networks of PTSD symptoms may reveal useful targets of treatment. • Hypervigilance and physiological reactivity to reminders were most predictive. • Physiological reactivity predicted subsequent distress reactivity and flashbacks. • Hypervigilance predicted subsequent startle response and external avoidance.
Stochastic and deterministic drivers of seasonal variation of fungal community in tobacco field soil

Background The soil fungal community plays an important role in global carbon cycling and shows obvious seasonal variations, however, drivers, particularly stochastic drivers, of the seasonal variation in the fungal community have never been addressed in sufficient detail. Methods We investigated the soil fungal community variation between summer growing (SG) and winter fallow (WF) stage, through high throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicons. Subsequently, we assessed the contribution of different ecological processes to community assembly using null-model-based statistical framework. Results The results showed that the fungal community diversity decreased significantly after tobacco cropping in the SG stage and the composition showed a clear turnover between the WF and SG stages. The variation in community composition was largely attributable to the presence of a small portion of Dothideomycetes in the WF stage that dominated the soil fungal community in the SG stage. The organic matter, temperature, and water content were the main deterministic factors that regulated the fungal community; these factors explained 34.02% of the fungal community variation. Together with the result that the fungal community was mainly assembled by the dispersal process, our results suggested that the stochastic factors played important roles in driving the seasonal variation of fungal community. The dispersal limitation dominated the fungal community assembly during the WF stage when homogenizing dispersal was the main assembly process of the fungal community in the SG stage. Thus, we proposed that the dispersal processes are important drivers for seasonal variation of fungal community in tobacco planted soil.
Plasma lncRNA expression profile as a prognostic tool in BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma patients treated with BRAF inhibitor

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are dysregulated in many cancer types. Abnormal baseline levels of these lncRNAs display diagnostic and prognostic potential in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma lncRNAs in BRAF-mutant advanced melanoma patients treated with a BRAF inhibitor. Total RNA was isolated from plasma samples collected from 58 advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma patients and 15 healthy donors. The expression levels of 90 lncRNAs were estimated using the LncProfiler qPCR Array Kit (SBI) and LightCycler 96 (Roche). LncRNA expression levels correlated with responses to the BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib) treatment. The patients were stratified into three groups based on their lncRNA levels with various lncRNA expressions (low, medium, and high). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the lncRNAs that were significantly associated with both progression-free and overall survivals (PFS and OS, respectively) in patients receiving vemurafenib. The expression level of 12 lncRNAs was down-regulated, while five lncRNAs were up-regulated in melanoma patients compared to healthy donors. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that upregulation or downregulation of 11 and 16 different lncRNAs were associated with longer median PFS and OS, respectively. Further analysis demonstrated that the baseline lncRNAs for IGF2AS, anti-Peg11, MEG3, Zeb2NAT are independent prognostic factors in BRAF-mutant advanced melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib. Evaluation of plasma lncRNAs expression level for advanced melanoma diagnosis and prognosis evaluation appears to be a safe and valuable method; however, this method requires further validation in larger cohorts and randomized trials.
Reassessment of the generic limits for Hydnellum and Sarcodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota)

Abstract DNA sequences from the nuclear LSU and ITS regions were used for phylogenetic analyses of Thelephorales with a focus on the stipitate hydnoid genera Hydnellum and Sarcodon. Analyses showed that Hydnellum and Sarcodon are distinct genera but that the current division, based on basidioma texture, makes Sarcodon paraphyletic with respect to Hydnellum. In order to make genera monophyletic several species are moved from Sarcodon to Hydnellum and the following new combinations are made: Hydnellumamygdaliolens, H.fennicum, H.fuligineoviolaceum, H.fuscoindicum, H.glaucopus, H.joeides, H.lepidum, H.lundellii, H.martioflavum, H.scabrosum, H.underwoodii, and H.versipelle. Basidiospore size seems to separate the genera in most cases. Hydnellum species have basidiospore lengths in the range 4.45−6.95 µm while the corresponding range for Sarcodon is 7.4−9 µm. S.quercinofibulatus deviates from this pattern with an average spore length around 6 µm. Neotropical Sarcodon species represent a separate evolutionary lineage.
Binge Eating Disorder and Related Features in Bariatric Surgery Candidates

Abstract Objective The present study sought to: 1) assess the prevalence of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and abnormal eating behaviors in bariatric surgery candidates; 2) compare patients with and without BED as regards to eating disturbances, psychological characteristics, and health status; 3) individuate which factors were significantly related to binge eating severity. Methods Sixty-three preoperative patients (17 males and 46 females) were screened by means of an ad hoc socio-demographic schedule, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Eating Disorders Inventory-3, the Binge Eating Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. BED diagnosis was performed through a clinical interview. Results BED and disordered eating, such as episodes of binge eating, sense of lack of control over eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors, appear common in patients undergoing weight loss surgery. Significant differences between BED and non-BED subjects in relation to eating disturbances and psychological characteristics emerged. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only emotional dys-regulation significantly predicted binge eating vulnerability. Conclusion The recognition of factors involved in the development and maintenance of disordered eating in bariatric patients may support the choice of particular therapeutic strategies and improve bariatric surgery outcome. Further studies on this issue would be useful.
Parents’ memories and appraisals after paediatric burn injury: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background: It is well established that a paediatric burn injury can lead to parental post-traumatic stress symptoms. The content of parents’ memories and appraisals may reveal the traumatic experiences that need attention. Objective: To inform clinical practice, the aim of this study was to qualitatively examine parents’ (intrusive) memories and appraisals, and associated emotions, concerning the injury, the hospitalisation, and its consequences. Method: Approximately three to six months after the burn event, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of 18 children (0–16 years old) that had been hospitalised for a burn injury. Thematic analysis was carried out to obtain themes. Results: A central element in parents’ memories and appraisals was a sense of external or internal threat. Intrusive memories were predominantly related to the accident and first aid (i.e. threat of the injury), whereas parents’ memories about the child’s suffering were emotional but not experienced as intrusive. Later appraisals of the burn injury and its consequences included negative appraisals of the child’s increased vulnerability, responsibility of self or other, the child’s prolonged suffering and (risk of) permanent change, as well as appraisals of positive outcome and recovery. Emotions commonly reported in the context of memories and appraisals were fear, sadness, guilt, and relief. Conclusions: This study offers insight into the traumatic nature of paediatric burn injury from the parent’s perspective and provides directions for the delivery of trauma-informed (after)care. HIGHLIGHTS • Parents’ intrusive memories after their child’s burn injury were predominantly related to the burn event and not to medical procedures. • Appraisals of the child’s vulnerability, prolonged suffering and permanent change, and about responsibility for the injury were reported by parents, as well as appraisals of positive outcomes and recovery. • In the aftermath of the injury, parents experienced emotions such as fear, sadness and guilt, but also relief.
Cacaoporus, a new Boletaceae genus, with two new species from Thailand

Abstract We introduce a new genus, Cacaoporus, characterised by chocolate brown to dark brown basidiomata and hymenophore, tubes not separable from the pileus context, white to off-white basal mycelium, reddening when bruised, amygdaliform to ovoid spores and dark brown spore deposit. Phylogenetic analyses of a four-gene dataset (atp6, tef1, rpb2 and cox3) with a wide selection of Boletaceae showed that the new genus is monophyletic and sister to the genera Cupreoboletus and Cyanoboletus in the Pulveroboletus group. Two new species in the genus, C.pallidicarneus and C.tenebrosus are described from northern Thailand. Full descriptions and illustrations of the new genus and species are presented. The phylogeny also confirmed the reciprocal monophyly of Neoboletus and Sutorius, which further support the separation of these two genera.
Assessment of the nocturnal boundary layer height based on long-term atmospheric radon measurements

The article presents the results of statistical analyzes of meteorological and atmospheric radon concentration measurements carried out in Krakow in the years 2004–2013. Based on the diurnal variability, an estimation of the height of the nocturnal boundary layer was performed and compared with the ERA5 data. The average concentration of radon in the air of that period in Kraków was equal to (5.262 ± 0.017) Bqm−3. The diurnal and seasonal variability of radon concentration was found. The correlation of meteorological parameters calculated based on hourly mean data was analyzed. The correlations obtained were statistically significant, for wind speed (r= -0.38, p<0.001), and air humidity (r=0.33, p<0.001). The possibility of determining of the nocturnal boundary layer height on the basis of radon measurements has been confirmed; however, the calculation model needs to be refined.
User perceptions of information quality in world wide web information retrieval behaviour

In less than a generation, the World Wide Web has grown from a relatively small cyber play-ground of academic “geeks” into an 11.5 billion-page collection of heterogeneous, inter-connected, network of information and collective knowledge. As an information environment, the World Wide Web is informatically representative of all that is good and bad about the human need to both absorb and transmit knowledge. The ‘open’ nature of the Web makes instantly available, to anyone who can “log-on”, a boundless digital library of information, the quality of which cannot be enforced before, during, or even after its publication. Scrutiny of Information Quality (IQ), is therefore left up to those publishers conscientious enough to care about the quality of the information they produce, and the users who choose to employ the Web as an information retrieval tool. The following thesis is a qualitative investigation of how the users of information make value-judgments about the information they encounter and retrieve from the Web. Specifically, it examines perceptions of IQ from the perspective of eighty “academic” high-end users, who regularly engage the Web and its search engines to search for and retrieve high-quality information related to their research, teaching and learning. The investigation has adopted an inductive approach in the qualitative analysis of quantitative (10,080 separate pieces of user-data) data in the context of such established frameworks as Davis’ (1986, 1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Wang & Strong’s (1996) contextual IQ framework that conceptualised dimensions of quality into four IQ categories, namely: intrinsic; representational; contextual; and accessibility IQ. Through the detailed analysis of the driving theory behind these, and other associated models of: (1) user IT acceptance; (2) Information Seeking Behaviour (ISB); and (3) multi-dimensional characteristics of IQ; the researcher has sought to find synergies and develop an innovative framework by which to explore the impact of users’ attitudes, expectations and perceptions of IQ on their Web information retrieval behaviours.
Self-Reported Change Versus Changed Self-Report

Self-Report (SR) measures are widely used in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. The limitations of such measures have been only partly recognized. This article reports on the evaluation of a treatment program for war veterans suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in which a battery of SR measures was applied. The repeated administration of SR instruments showed no improvement, even some deterioration, in symptoms and social functioning. These outcomes conflict with the evaluation of the program by participants and therapists. Various interpretations of the conflicting findings are offered, among them the possible direct effects of treatment on responses to SR instruments. These effects may distort the true impact of the treatment on the subjects' behaviors and well-being.