Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interval cancer rates in the Irish national breast screening programme

Objective To compare interval cancer rates from the Irish breast screening programme, BreastCheck, for the period 2000–2007 with those from other European countries. Methods Data from BreastCheck was linked to National Cancer Registry breast cancer registrations, to calculate numbers of women screened, screen-detected cancers, and interval cancers, by year of screening, in the first and second years after screening, and by initial or subsequent screen. Estimated underlying cancer incidence from the period 1996–1999 inclusive was used to calculate proportionate incidence. We calculated the interval cancer ratio as an alternative measure of the burden of interval cancers. Results There were 372,658 screening records for 178,147 women in the period 2000–2007. The overall interval rate was 9.6 per 10,000 screens. In the first year after screening, the interval cancer rate was 5.8 per 10,000 screens and this increased to 13.4 in the second year after screening. The screen detection rate for the period was 53.6 per 10,000 screened for all screens combined. Initial screens produced a higher detection rate at 66.9 per 10,000 screened compared with subsequent screens with a screen-detected rate of 41.4 per 10,000 screens. Conclusion Interval breast cancer rates for the first years of the programme are within acceptable limits and are comparable with those in other European programmes. Nationwide roll-out together with the adoption of digital mammography may have an impact on interval cancer rates in future years.
β Oscillations Are Linked to the Initiation of Sensory-Cued Movement Sequences and the Internal Guidance of Regular Tapping in the Monkey

β oscillations in the basal ganglia have been associated with interval timing. We recorded the putaminal local field potentials (LFPs) from monkeys performing a synchronization-continuation task (SCT) and a serial reaction-time task (RTT), where the animals produced regularly and irregularly paced tapping sequences, respectively. We compared the activation profile of β oscillations between tasks and found transient bursts of β activity in both the RTT and SCT. During the RTT, β power was higher at the beginning of the task, especially when LFPs were aligned to the stimuli. During the SCT, β was higher during the internally driven continuation phase, especially for tap-aligned LFPs. Interestingly, a set of LFPs showed an initial burst of β at the beginning of the SCT, similar to the RTT, followed by a decrease in β oscillations during the synchronization phase, to finally rebound during the continuation phase. The rebound during the continuation phase of the SCT suggests that the corticostriatal circuit is involved in the control of internally driven motor sequences. In turn, the transient bursts of β activity at the beginning of both tasks suggest that the basal ganglia produce a general initiation signal that engages the motor system in different sequential behaviors.
Vitamin D: Metabolism, molecular mechanisms, and mutations to malignancies

The potential protective effects of vitamin D against cutaneous carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. The inhibition, by vitamin D, of various cancers in in vitro and in vivo models has triggered detailed investigation of vitamin D effects on neoplastic behavior. Recent studies highlight that such neoplastic features as the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, DNA mutagenesis, and apoptosis are all connected to vitamin D metabolic pathways. This review discusses these connections. Vitamin D modulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis via its receptors (VDRs) may have a suppressive effect on skin cancer as some studies suggest. The regulation of multiple tumor signaling pathways by vitamin D may have an implication in cutaneous carcinogenesis and tumor progression to malignancy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personality trait changes among young Finns: the role of life events and transitions.

Recent research has shown that personality traits continue to develop throughout the life span, but most profound changes are typically found during young adulthood. Increasing evidence suggests that life events play a significant role in many of these changes. The present longitudinal study examined the role of work, education, social, and health-related life events in the development of the Big Five traits among young Finns. Participants were originally recruited in 2004 through elementary schools in a middle-sized Finnish city. Participants' Big Five traits and life events were measured via self-reports at ages 20 and 23 (Ns = 597 and 588, respectively). Entering work life, beginning a relationship, and studying in university predicted increases in Conscientiousness, trying drugs predicted increases in Neuroticism, and onset of a chronic disease predicted increases in Neuroticism and Conscientiousness between ages 20 and 23. The results suggest that mature life transitions relate to stronger increases in Conscientiousness in young adulthood, and that non-normative life choices and events may predict increases in Neuroticism.
Surgical Outcomes Comparison Between Endoscopic and Conventional Open Thyroidectomy for Benign Thyroid Nodules

Background:The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) and conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) for benign thyroid nodules. Methods:Between March 2001 and November 2014, 224 patients underwent ET via the breast approach and 218 patients underwent COT. Clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes were retrospectively compared. Results:The operation time was significantly longer in the ET group than in the COT group (P = 0.000). However, the ET group had less intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.000), less amount of drainage (P = 0.000), and shorter duration of drainage (P = 0.000). The cosmetic satisfaction was more excellent in the ET group than in the COT group (P = 0.000). Conclusions:ET via the breast approach is a safe and effective procedure with excellent cosmetic results for patients with benign thyroid nodules.
Identification of differentially expressed genes related to metabolic syndrome induced with high-fat diet in E3 rats

Understanding the genes differentially expressing in aberrant organs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) facilitates the uncovering of molecular mechanisms and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the disease. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes related to MetS in livers of E3 rats with high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome (HFD-MetS). E3 rats were fed with high-fat diet for 24 weeks to induce MetS. Then, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology was used to identify the genes differentially expressed between HFD-MetS and control E3 rat livers. Twenty positive recombinant clones were chosen randomly from forward subtractive library and sent to sequence. BLAST analysis in GenBank database was used to determine the property of each cDNA fragment. In total, 11 annotated genes, 3 ESTs, and 2 novel gene fragments were identified by SSH technology. The expression of four genes (Alb, Pip4k2a, Scd1, and Tf) known to be associated with MetS and other five genes (Eif1, Rnase4, Rps12, Rup2, and Tmsb4) unknown to be relevant to MetS was significantly up-regulated in the livers of HFD-MetS E3 rats compared with control rats using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). By analyzing the correlations between the expression of these nine genes and serum concentrations of TG, Tch, HDL-C, and LDL-C, we found that there were significant positive correlations between TG and the expression of five genes (Alb, Eif1, Pip4k2a, Rps12, and Tmsb4x), Tch and three genes (Rnase4, Scd1, and Tmsb4x), and LDL-C and two genes (Rnase4 and Scd1), as well there were significant negative correlations between HDL-C and the expression of three genes (Rup2, Scd1, and Tf). This study provides important clues for unraveling the molecular mechanisms of MetS.
Spatial moving average risk smoothing

This paper introduces spatial moving average risk smoothing (SMARS) as a new way of carrying out disease mapping. This proposal applies the moving average ideas of time series theory to the spatial domain, making use of a spatial moving average process of unknown order to define dependence on the risk of a disease occurring. Correlation of the risks for different locations will be a function of m values (m being unknown), providing a rich class of correlation functions that may be reproduced by SMARS. Moreover, the distance (in terms of neighborhoods) that should be covered for two units to be found to make the correlation of their risks 0 is a quantity to be fitted by the model. This way, we reproduce patterns that range from spatially independent to long‐range spatially dependent.
Coarse-to-fine Categorization of Visual Scenes in Scene-selective Cortex

Neurophysiological, behavioral, and computational data indicate that visual analysis may start with the parallel extraction of different elementary attributes at different spatial frequencies and follows a predominantly coarse-to-fine (CtF) processing sequence (low spatial frequencies [LSF] are extracted first, followed by high spatial frequencies [HSF]). Evidence for CtF processing within scene-selective cortical regions is, however, still lacking. In the present fMRI study, we tested whether such processing occurs in three scene-selective cortical regions: the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the retrosplenial cortex, and the occipital place area. Fourteen participants were subjected to functional scans during which they performed a categorization task of indoor versus outdoor scenes using dynamic scene stimuli. Dynamic scenes were composed of six filtered images of the same scene, from LSF to HSF or from HSF to LSF, allowing us to mimic a CtF or the reverse fine-to-coarse (FtC) sequence. Results showed that only the PPA was more activated for CtF than FtC sequences. Equivalent activations were observed for both sequences in the retrosplenial cortex and occipital place area. This study suggests for the first time that CtF sequence processing constitutes the predominant strategy for scene categorization in the PPA.
Mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation capacities of organs from a non–oilseed plant

Until recently, β–oxidation was believed to be exclusively located in the peroxisomes of all higher plants. Whilst this is true for germinating oilseeds undergoing gluconeogenesis, evidence demonstrating mitochondrial β–oxidation in other plant systems has refuted this central dogma of plant lipid metabolism. This report describes a comparative study of the dual mitochondrial and peroxisomal β–oxidation capacities of plant organs. Oxidation of [1–14C] palmitate was measured in the cotyledons, plumules and radicles of Pisum sativum L. , which is a starchy seed, over a 14 day period from the commencement of imbibition. Respiratory chain inhibitors were used for differentiating between mitochondrial and peroxisomal β–oxidation. Peroxisomal β–oxidation gave a steady, baseline rate and, in the early stages of seedling development, accounted for 70–100% of the β–oxidation observed. Mitochondrial β–oxidation gave peaks of activity at days 7 and 10–11, accounting for up to 82% of the total β–oxidation activity at these times. These peaks coincide with key stages of seedling development and were not observed when normal development was disrupted by growth in the dark. Peroxisomal β–oxidation was unaffected by etiolation. Since mitochondrial β–oxidation was overt only during times of intense biosynthetic activity it might be switched on or off during seedling development. In contrast, peroxisomes maintained a continuous, low β-oxidation activity that could be essential in removing harmful free fatty acids, e.g. those produced by protein and lipid turnover.
A community‐based study of depression in older people in Hefei, China—the GMS‐AGECAT prevalence, case validation and socio‐economic correlates

Previously published studies of prevalence of depression in older people in China showed much variation in the results, while the pooled prevalence is low. In this study we used a standardised method, the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) to investigate the prevalence of depression in older people in China, validate the GMS‐AGECAT depression cases and examine the relationship between depression and socio‐economic deprivation.
Concentration of Biogenic Amines in ‘Pinot Noir’ Wines Produced in Croatia

The origins of biogenic amines are sound grapes, alcoholic fermentations, malolactic fermentation and microbial activities during wine storage. These biologically produced amines are essential at low concentrations for optimal metabolic and physiological functions in animals, plants and micro-organisms. During alcoholic fermentation the degree of maceration is the first factor that affects the extraction of compounds present in the grape skin, among them aminoacids, precursors of biogenic amines. The aim of the present work was to study the changes of the concentration of biogenic amines in wines made from Vitis vinifera ‘Pinot noir’ from Plesivica (vintage 2009) produced with classical maceration, cold maceration and use of sur lie method. Biogenic amines were quantified using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection after pre-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA). In ‘Pinot noir’ wines tested, histamine was the most abundant biogenic amine followed by tryptamine and 2-Phenylethylamine. Total amount of biogenic amines ranged from 8.72 mg/L in wines made with classical maceration up to 9.34 mg/L in sur lie wines. In summary, from the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that sur lie technology can influence the formation of biogenic acids since the release of amino acids is probably more pronounced in wines aged with lees and stirred weekly. No significant differences were found in the concentration of biogenic amines in relation to the used maceration process.
Synthesis, Preclinical Validation, Dosimetry, and Toxicity of 68Ga-NOTA-Anti-HER2 Nanobodies for iPET Imaging of HER2 Receptor Expression in Cancer

Nanobodies are the smallest fully functional antigen-binding antibody fragments possessing ideal properties as probes for molecular imaging. In this study we labeled the anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) Nanobody with 68Ga via a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) derivative and assessed its use for HER2 iPET imaging. Methods: The 2Rs15dHis6 Nanobody and the lead optimized current-good-manufacturing-practice grade analog 2Rs15d were conjugated with S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) to enable fast and efficient 68Ga labeling. Biodistribution and PET/CT studies were performed on HER2-positive and -negative tumor xenografts. The effect of injected mass on biodistribution was evaluated. The biodistribution data were extrapolated to calculate radiation dose estimates for the adult female using OLINDA software. A single-dose extended-toxicity study for NOTA-2Rs15d was performed on healthy mice up to a dose of 10 mg/kg. Results: Radiolabeling was quantitative (>97%) after 5 min of incubation at room temperature; specific activity was 55–200 MBq/nmol. Biodistribution studies showed fast and specific uptake (percentage injected activity [%IA]) in HER2-positive tumors (3.13 ± 0.06 and 4.34 ± 0.90 %IA/g for 68Ga-NOTA-2Rs15dHis6 and 68Ga-NOTA-2Rs15d, respectively, at 1 h after injection) and high tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios at 1 h after injection, resulting in high-contrast PET/CT images with high specific tumor uptake. A remarkable finding of the biodistribution studies was that kidney uptake was reduced by 60% for the Nanobody lacking the C-terminal His6 tag. The injected mass showed an effect on the general biodistribution: a 100-fold increase in NOTA-2Rs15d mass decreased liver uptake from 7.43 ± 1.89 to 2.90 ± 0.26 %IA/g whereas tumor uptake increased from 2.49 ± 0.68 to 4.23 ± 0.99 %IA/g. The calculated effective dose, based on extrapolation of mouse data, was 0.0218 mSv/MBq, which would yield a radiation dose of 4 mSv to a patient after injection of 185 MBq of 68Ga-NOTA-2Rs15d. In the toxicity study, no adverse effects were observed after injection of a 10 mg/kg dose of NOTA-2Rs15d. Conclusion: A new anti-HER2 PET tracer, 68Ga-NOTA-2Rs15d, was synthesized via a rapid procedure under mild conditions. Preclinical validation showed high-specific-contrast imaging of HER2-positive tumors with no observed toxicity. 68Ga-NOTA-2Rs15d is ready for first-in-human clinical trials.
Wavelet-based beta estimation of China stock market

In this paper, we propose a new approach to estimating the systematic risk (beta) of China stock market. The proposed method is based on maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) that provides a natural platform to investigate the beta behavior at different time horizons without losing any information. The experimental results are different with conclusion from other stock market, the paper explains it from character of China stock and behavioral finance. The empirical results show that the predictions of the CAPM model are more relevant at short time horizons as compared to long.
From Introduction to Integration: Providing Community-Engaged Structure for Interprofessional Education

Background Training future healthcare profession students using interprofessional education (IPE) is critical to improve quality of health care and patient safety. Objective The objective of this study was to implement an IPE program and determine student satisfaction with each session, including a clinical case requiring teams with members from each profession addressing clinical scenarios. Subjects The subjects of this study were students from Athletic Training, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, Social Work, and Speech-Language Pathology. Methods Evaluations, administered to all participating students, consisted of Likert-style responses, rating agreement with a series of questions, and space for descriptive comments. Score differences for each question were compared using independent group t-tests with a P-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. Results There were statistically higher satisfaction ratings for the problem-based learning case when compared to less interactive sessions (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Students perceived benefits of the IPE program. Perceptions improved when various students had the opportunity to work together on clinically relevant problems.
An optimization procedure in low-phase-noise integrated LC oscillators design

Based on a physical model, closed form expressions are derived to calculate the phase noise originating from the noise sources in a bipolar differential LC oscillator. A new spiral inductor selection criterion, which is very important to minimize the oscillator phase noise, is presented. This criterion leads to an optimization procedure for bipolar differential LC oscillator design. Following the procedure, a 900 MHz capacitive coupled LC oscillator is designed. Compared to the oscillator designed with the spiral inductors of the maximum quality factor, the simulation shows that the phase noise of the oscillator is effectively improved more than 3.6 dB when the new criterion is used
Does Race Moderate Social Support and Psychological Distress Among Rural Older Adults?

Greater social support is associated with decreased psychological distress among older adults. Researchers have found racial differences in psychological distress. Might race moderate social support and psychological distress? The authors hypothesized African American collectivistic values could increase the importance of social support. Participants were rural adults aged 60 and older (N = 100). Multiple regression analyses controlled for health, income, education, and sex. Race moderated satisfaction with social support and psychological distress. However, greater satisfaction predicted less psychological distress among Caucasians while it was not associated with African Americans’ distress in this sample. Achieving satisfaction with social support may be particularly important for Caucasians receiving therapy. Interventions may also address strategies to improve physical health, emotional support, and quality of social support, which significantly predicted psychological distress for both groups.
Effect of thiopentone on blood sugar and glucose tolerance.

no really satisfactory explanation for the abnormalities has been found. Similar disturbances in glucose metabolism have been reported by Booker and his associates (1946, 1949) in dogs following thiopentone administration. In animals on normal diets liver glycogen was found to be progressively depleted during long anaesthesia, and the administration of glucose before the induction of anaesthesia produced hyperglycaemia and glycosuria. Even animals whose livers were depleted of carbohydrate by starvation, before the administration of thiopentone, were unable to convert glucose to glycogen, and remained hyperglycaemic. Intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates was also depressed by prolonged thiopentone anaesthesia, as shown by a rise in the blood lactic acid content. All these changes could be mitigated by the use of small doses of insulin, if given along with or immediately following the administration of the thiopentone. Other workers (Blackberg and Hrubetz, 1937; Hrubetz and Blackberg, 1938; Richards and Appel, 1941) have also reported finding a mild hyperglycaemia during thiopentone anaesthesia in animals. No significant changes in blood sugar were noted during thiopentone anaesthesia in man by Carraway (1939) or by Sessoms, Watts, Chase, and Andrews (1955). Other workers (Cameron, 1937; Thomas, 1938; Marshall, 1939; Ruth, Tovell, Milligan, and Charleroy, 1939) found a transitory slight hyperglycaemia returning to normal within
Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in acute viral hepatitis in a developed country confirmed by a supplemental assay

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is prevalent among cases of acute viral hepatitis in young adults in developing countries. HEV infection is not restricted to endemic areas, but would appear to be worldwide in distribution. In order to document the incidence of HEV infection in acute hepatitis cases in a developed country, IgG and IgM anti‐HEV antibodies and HEV RNA were tested in 101 Caucasian patients with acute viral hepatitis; 92 of these cases had markers of acute viral hepatitis other than HEV. Forty‐seven (46.5%) cases had IgG anti‐HEV; IgM anti‐HEV and HEV viremia were not detected. As the incidence of anti‐HEV was higher than would be expected, the possibility of the occurrence of false positive results was subsequently investigated. Supplemental antibody testing, using a broadly reactive epitope region, reduced the frequency of anti‐HEV to 17%. Therefore, supplemental antibody testing confirms the hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in a developed country. Since IgM anti‐HEV and HEV viremia were not detected, persons with IgG anti‐HEV may be “subclinical HEV cases,” or have long‐lived antibodies in their circulation. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response to Referee # 1 ( Assistant Professor ,

We newly developed a data assimilation system based on a particle filter approach with the Spatially Explicit Individual-Based Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (SEIB-DGVM). We first performed an idealized observing system simulation experiment to evaluate the impact of assimilating the leaf area index (LAI) data every 4 days, assumingsimulating the satellite-based LAI. Although we assimilated only LAI as a whole, the forest and grass LAIs were estimated separately with high accuracy. Uncertain model parameters and other state variables were also estimated accurately. Therefore, we 15 extended the experiment to the real world using the real Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI data, and obtained promising results.