Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posterior Revision for Failed Blebs: Long-term Outcomes

AimTo report the long-term efficacy and safety of same site revision trabeculectomy with mitomycin application via a posterior approach. MethodsA noncomparative retrospective case series of consecutive revision trabeculectomies performed for inadequate bleb function between March 2003 and March 2007 by a single surgeon. Surgery involved a posterior/fornix incision with opening of the scleral flap posteriorly at the same site as previous surgery and application of 0.2 to 0.4 mg/mL mitomycin. ResultsFifty-seven eyes were followed for an average of 33±15 months. Mean baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) reduced from 21.5±6.5 to 11.2±4.4 and 8±3.6 mm Hg at 1 and 5 years, respectively (P<0.001). On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis the probability of maintaining IOP ⩽15 mm Hg without medication at the end of 1 year was 95% (n=57) and at 3 (n=36) and 5 years (n=7) was 84%. Eighty-five percent of patients were on no antiglaucoma drops at last follow-up. Four cases required a second procedure (7%), transient choroidal effusions occurred in 4 eyes (7%), corneal decompensation in 1 eye (1.7%), and ptosis in 1 (1.7%). ConclusionsPosterior approach to surgical revision of failed filtration surgery is an effective procedure with good long-term control of IOP.
Dorsoventral patterning in plants.

Although mutations affecting dorsoventral patterning in plants have been known for centuries (Linnaeus 1749), the underlying mechanisms controlling this process have remained mysterious. Recent papers by Sawa et al. (1999b) and others have begun to shed light on this subject through the isolation and characterization of genes responsible for dorsoventrality. In plants, lateral organs and shoots are initiated from the flanks of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), a multilayered dome of self-organizing and self-perpetuating cells. Primordia emerge from the SAM with a characteristic asymmetry and identity that depend on both extrinsic and intrinsic factors (Fig. 1). For leaf primordia, this means having distinct upper and lower programs of growth and cellular differentiation so that cells in the upper half develop the appropriate epidermis, palisade mesophyll, and xylem strand, and cells in the bottom half develop a phloem strand, a spongy mesophyll, and appropriate epidermis. Organ shape and cell-type differences between the adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) sides of the mature leaf ensure that the plant puts the bulk of its light-gathering capacity toward the light. The asymmetry in the shape of most leaves is apparent from inception as they emerge as a crescent on the flank of the SAM, and this dorsoventrality is further accentuated by differential growth of the adaxial and abaxial sides. Early asymmetry is also revealed by adaxialand abaxial-specific expression of genes in incipient and young organ primordia (Fig. 1; see also Sawa et al. 1996). Dorsoventral patterning also occurs in lateral primordia that give rise to asymmetric shoots, such as the snapdragon flower, in which the upper and lower positioned petals and stamens differ. The dorsoventrality of this and other asymmetric lateral shoots is a result of the differences in the initiation and growth of organs on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the lateral SAM, and also to the asymmetry of the lateral SAM itself.
Pollen dispersal slows geographical range shift and accelerates ecological niche shift under climate change

Significance Will plants species survive climate warming? By which mechanisms? Ignoring pollen dispersal, previous models have predicted that species may escape extinction by tracking in space the climatic conditions to which they were previously adapted. Using quantitative genetics models, we demonstrate that plants dispersing their pollen could survive under a faster climate change than expected: pollen dispersal slows the range shift in space but facilitates the evolution of new climatic niche limits, such that the species becomes adapted to warmer conditions. Therefore, current predictions of the future spatial distribution of plants, as well as current assessments of the extinction risk due to climate warming, could be significantly altered for plants, especially those dispersing pollen far compared with seeds. Species may survive climate change by migrating to track favorable climates and/or adapting to different climates. Several quantitative genetics models predict that species escaping extinction will change their geographical distribution while keeping the same ecological niche. We introduce pollen dispersal in these models, which affects gene flow but not directly colonization. We show that plant populations may escape extinction because of both spatial range and ecological niche shifts. Exact analytical formulas predict that increasing pollen dispersal distance slows the expected spatial range shift and accelerates the ecological niche shift. There is an optimal distance of pollen dispersal, which maximizes the sustainable rate of climate change. These conclusions hold in simulations relaxing several strong assumptions of our analytical model. Our results imply that, for plants with long distance of pollen dispersal, models assuming niche conservatism may not accurately predict their future distribution under climate change.
Defining Predictors of Cleft Lip and Palate Risk

Individuals with clefts present considerably more dental anomalies than individuals without clefts. We also have shown that these individuals report cancer in their families more often than do unaffected individuals. We investigated how these conditions correlated with genetic variants associated with clefts to ascertain if specific molecular signatures exist that could help identify individuals at risk for having offspring with these defects. We examined 573 individuals, 158 with clefts, 254 unaffected family members, and 161 non-related controls. Several clinical features, such as laterality, the presence of dental anomalies, medical history, and pregnancy history, were used to assess each individual’s cleft status. Then, we performed molecular studies with genes that have been independently associated with oral clefts. We analyzed two datasets: nuclear families and case-control individuals where the case was the child from the family and controls were unrelated non-clefted individuals. In the family data, we confirmed association between clefts and rs987525 on chromosome 8 (p = 0.007) and found an association with rs987525 and tooth agenesis (p = 0.0003). In the case-control data, clefts, supernumerary teeth and familial cancer history were associated with ABCA4-rs481931 on chromosome 1 (p = 2E-19, 0.0007, 2E-06, respectively), and clefts and microdontia were associated with rs1325474 on chromosome 6 (p = 1E-06, 0.0002, respectively).
Detection of group C rotavirus antigens and antibodies in animals and humans by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to detect group (gp) C rotavirus antigens and antibodies. Both assays were confirmed to be specific for gp C rotavirus by using serogroup A, B, and C rotaviruses; hyperimmune antisera to these serogroups of rotaviruses; and paired serum specimens from animals infected with gp C rotaviruses. The ELISA for antigen detection reacted not only with porcine gp C rotaviruses but also with human and bovine gp C rotaviruses. Following experimental challenge of gnotobiotic pigs with porcine gp C rotavirus, the virus was found by ELISA in all diarrheic feces. A high prevalence of antibodies to gp C rotaviruses was detected in sera from adult pigs (93 to 97%) and cattle (47 to 56%) in the United States and Japan. However, no antibody to gp C rotavirus was detected in the sera (n = 20) of adult horses in the United States. In human sera from Hokkaido, Japan, 3% of children and 13% of adults possessed antibody to gp C rotaviruses. These results suggest that the ELISA that we developed may be useful for surveying gp C rotavirus infections in animals and humans. On the basis of serology, gp C rotavirus infections are common in pigs and cattle in the United States and Japan, but they occur at lower levels in humans from the Hokkaido area of Japan.
The development of the notochord in chick embryos.

The literature on the notochord, a structure characteristic of all vertebrates, is very extensive, due to the phylogenetic importance of this organ, its role in early embryonic development, and its central position in the developing vertebral column. As early as 1834 the notochord tissue was described by Muller as being similar in appearance to the parenchyma of plants. Surprisingly, however, in the chick embryo, which is so widely used by embryologists, its development has not very often been the subject of descriptive or experimental investigations. From the early days most work on this fundamental organ was done on fish and amphibians, probably because the notochord in lower vertebrates is more suitable for investigations, as it persists longer, carrying out its function as an embryonic and larval skeleton.
A rapid test (STic Expert®) for the diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia

Annual Meeting Abstracts) 122, 5090 (meeting abstract) Leblond, V. , Johnson, S. , Chevret, S. , Copplestone, A. , Rule, S. , Tournilhac, O. , Seymour, J.F. , Patmore, R.D. , Wright, D. , Morel, P., Dilhuydy, M.S., Willoughby, S. , Dartigeas, C. , Malphettes, M. , Royer, B. , Ewings, M. , Pratt, G. , Lejeune, J., Nguyen-Khac, F. , Choquet, S. & Owen, R.G. (2013) Results of a randomized trial of chlorambucil versus fludarabine for patients with untreated Waldenstr€ om macroglobulinemia, marginal zone lymphoma, or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 301–307. Ly, K.I. , Fintelmann, F. , Forghani, R. , Schaefer, P.W. , Hochberg, E.P. & Hochberg, F.H. (2011) Novel diagnostic approaches in Bing-Neel syndrome. Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia, 11, 180–183. Malkani, R.G. , Tallman, M. , Gottardi-Littell, N. , Karpus, W. , Marszalek, L. , Variakojis, D. , Kaden, B. , Walker, M. , Levy, R.M. & Raizer, J.J. (2010) Bing-Neel syndrome: an illustrative case and a comprehensive review of the published literature. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 96, 301–312. Owen, R.G. , Kyle, R.A. , Stone, M.J., Rawstron, A.C. , Leblond, V. , Merlini, G. , Garcia-Sanz, R. , Ocio, E.M. , Morra, E. , Morel, P., Anderson, K.C. , Patterson, C.J., Munshi, N.C. , Tedeschi, A. , Joshua, D.E. , Kastritis, E. , Terpos, E. , Ghobrial, I.M. , Leleu, X. , Gertz, M.A., Ansell, S.M. , Morice, W.G. , Kimby, E. & Treon, S.P. (2013) VIth International Workshop on Waldenstr€ om macroglobulinaemia Response assessment in Waldenstr€ om macroglobulinaemia: update from the VIth International Workshop. British Journal of Haematology. , 160, 171–176. Poulain, S. , Boyle, E.M. , Roumier, C. , Demarquette, H. , Wemeau, M. , Geffroy, S. , Herbaux, C. , Bertrand, E. , Hivert, B. , Terriou, L. , Verrier, A. , Pollet, J.P., Maurage, C.A. , Onraed, B. , Morschhauser, F. , Quesnel, B. , Duthilleul, P., Preudhomme, C. & Leleu, X. (2014) MYD88 L265P mutation contributes to the diagnosis of Bing Neel syndrome. British Journal of Haematology, 167, 506–513. Richards, A.I. (1995) Response of meningeal Waldenstr€ om’s macroglobulinemia to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Journal of Clinical Oncology. , 13, 2476.
The semantic space for facial communication

We can learn a lot about someone by watching their facial expressions and body language. Harnessing these aspects of non‐verbal communication can lend artificial communication agents greater depth and realism but requires a sound understanding of the relationship between cognition and expressive behaviour. Here, we extend traditional word‐based methodology to use actual videos and then extract the semantic/cognitive space of facial expressions. We find that depending on the specific expressions used, either a four‐dimensional or a two‐dimensional space is needed to describe the variance in the stimuli. The shape and structure of the 4D and 2D spaces are related to each other and very stable to methodological changes. The results show that there is considerable variance between how different people express the same emotion. The recovered space can well capture the full range of facial communication and is very suitable for semantic‐driven facial animation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing cooling stations for food sharing in public spaces

Approximately one third of the world food production is wasted, although the food would still be appropriate for consumption. The project described in this paper is targeting this problem by developing cooling stations containing an information system to access their contents. These cooling stations are supposed to be deployed in public places in a European city. The important advantage of such an approach is that it conforms to legal regulations concerning food distribution and consumption, in contrast to simple public refrigerators. Two studies were conducted to assess whether such cooling stations can be used for food sharing purposes — a field test and focus groups. These investigations indicate that relevant stakeholders find such cooling stations helpful. Nevertheless, there are still problems concerning trust, especially in the quality of the food offered through food sharing when there is a large anonymous community. The paper outlines possible solutions for this problem.
A Study of Dermatophytic Onychomycosis in Patients Attending Dermatology Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

The etiology of onychomycosis is only occasionally documented in the eastern part of India. 106 clinically suspected onychomycosis patients were evaluated in this study. Male : female ratio was 1.35:1 and the commonest age group of affliction was 31-40 years. KOH examination revealed 88 (83%) cases, and culture was positive in 86 (81.1%) cases. 66 (62.2%) of them were due to dermatophytes, 8 (7.5%) due to Candida spp. 8 (7.5%) due to Aspergillus spp. and 4 (3.7%) due to Fusarium spp. Among the dermatophytes, Trichophyton was the predominant etiology (90.9%). T. mentagrophytes 14, (21.2%) was the commonest dermatophyte isolated; all the isolates were either anthropophilic or zoophilic. Sensitivity and specificity of KOH mount for diagnosis of dermatophytes in nail samples were 93.9% and 35% respectively. T. verrucosum was associated history of cattle handling and T. mentagrophytes with dog handling. Community based studies are required to reveal the actual burden of dermatophytic onychomycosis patients. Public awareness of the disease is of utmost importance to control and prevent this type of infection.
Chest pain and its importance in patients with panic disorder: an updated literature review.

CONTEXT Chest pain is a common symptom in primary care settings, associated with considerable morbidity and health care utilization. Failure to recognize panic disorder as the source of chest pain leads to increased health care costs and inappropriate management. OBJECTIVE To identify characteristics of the chest pain associated with the presence of panic disorder, review the consequences and possible mechanisms of chest pain in panic disorder, and discuss the recognition of panic disorder in patients presenting with chest pain. DATA SOURCES Potential studies were identified via a computerized search of MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases and review of bibliographies. MeSH headings used included panic disorder with chest pain, panic disorder with coronary disease or cardiovascular disorders or heart disorders, and panic disorder with cholesterol or essential hypertension or tobacco smoking. STUDY SELECTION The diagnosis of panic disorder in eligible studies was based on DSM criteria, and studies must have used objective criteria for coronary artery disease and risk factors. Only case control and cohort studies were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Although numerous chest pain characteristics (believed to be both associated and not associated with coronary artery disease) have been reportedly linked to panic disorder, only nonanginal chest pain is consistently associated with panic disorder (relative risk = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.41 to 2.92). CONCLUSION Chest pain during panic attacks is associated with increased health care utilization, poor quality of life, and phobic avoidance. Because the chest pain during panic attacks may be due to ischemia, the presence of panic attacks may go unrecognized. Ultimately, the diagnosis of panic disorder must be based on DSM criteria. However, once panic disorder is recognized, clinicians must remain open to the possibility of co-occurring coronary artery disease.
Filling up the hours: how do stroke patients on a rehabilitation nursing home spend the day?

Objective: To describe the time use of stroke patients on rehabilitation units of a nursing home focusing on the time spent on therapeutic activities, non-therapeutic activities, interactions and the location wherein these took place. Design: A descriptive study. Setting: Rehabilitation units of a nursing home. Subjects: Seventeen chronic stroke patients, including 9 men, 8 women, with a mean age of 77 years (SD ± 7.6 years). Main measures: Daily activities of patients were measured using Behavioural Mapping, including therapeutic activities, non-therapeutic activities, interactions and their location. Functional status was measured with the Barthel Index. Results. Of the patients 15 (88%) were partly/fully paralysed, with a mean Barthel Index score of 9.4 (SD ± 4.3). The patients spent 20% of the day on therapeutic activities, whereas 80% of the day was spent on non-therapeutic activities; 9% on therapeutic activities with the nurse. For 60% of the day patients were alone and not interacting with others. Conclusions. Stroke patients spend only short periods of time during the day on therapeutic activities. For the largest part of the day, the patient is alone and passive. A challenge for nurses is how to activate patients and engage them in purposeful task-oriented training in daily activities.
Comparison of Gull Feces-Specific Assays Targeting the 16S rRNA Genes of Catellicoccus marimammalium and Streptococcus spp

ABSTRACT Two novel gull-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed using 16S rRNA gene sequences from gull fecal clone libraries: a SYBR green assay targeting Streptococcus spp. (gull3) and a hydrolysis TaqMan assay targeting Catellicoccus marimammalium (gull4). The objectives of this study were to compare the host specificity of a previous C. marimammalium qPCR assay (gull2) with that of the new markers and to examine the presence of the three gull markers in environmental water samples from different geographic locations. Most of the gull fecal samples tested (n = 255) generated positive signals with the gull2 and gull4 assays (i.e., >86%), whereas only 28% were positive with gull3. Low prevalence and abundance of tested gull markers (0.6 to 15%) were observed in fecal samples from six nonavian species (n = 180 fecal samples), whereas the assays cross-reacted to some extent (13 to 31%) with other (nongull) avian fecal samples. The gull3 assay was positive against fecal samples from 11 of 15 avian species, including gull. Of the presumed gull-impacted water samples (n = 349), 86%, 59%, and 91% were positive with the gull2, the gull3, and the gull4 assays, respectively. Approximately 5% of 239 non-gull-impacted water samples were positive with the gull2 and the gull4 assays, whereas 21% were positive witg the gull3 assay. While the relatively high occurrence of gull2 and gull4 markers in waters impacted by gull feces suggests that these assays could be used in environmental monitoring studies, the data also suggest that multiple avian-specific assays will be needed to accurately assess the contribution of different avian sources in recreational waters.
Refining GAL4‐driven transgene expression in Drosophila with a GAL80 enhancer‐trap

We constructed an enhancer‐trap element, P{GAL80}, that encodes the yeast GAL80 repressor to refine expression of transgenes driven by the binary GAL4/UAS system. GAL80 blocks GAL4 activity by binding to its transcriptional activation domain. We screened GAL80 enhancer‐traps for repression of GAL4‐induced green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the intact larval nervous system. We selected one line that repressed GFP in a large set of cholinergic neurons. This line was used to refine GFP expression from a set of over 200 neurons to a subset of 20 neurons in a preselected GAL4 line. Expression of tetanus neurotoxin, a potent blocker of neurotransmitter release, in these 20 neurons reproduced an aberrant larval turning behavior previously assigned to the parental set of 200 neurons. Our results suggest that targeted GAL80 expression could become a useful means of spatially refining transgene expression in Drosophila. genesis 39:240–245, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ipsilateral crural monoparesis in lateral medullary infarction due to vertebral artery dissection

Sir, Vertebral artery (VA) dissection has been much emphasized in brainstem stroke due to its detrimental manifestations and young onset. We describe a VA-dissected patient with an ipsilateral crural monoparesis in addition to a lateral medullary syndrome, i.e. Opalski’s syndrome [1]. A 37-year-old woman of recently noticed hypertension suffered from a sudden-onset occipital headache, severe vertigo, right facial numbness, and right leg monoparesis. She had frequently held the phone between the right cheek and shoulder. Neurologic examinations revealed a left-beating torsional nystagmus, right miosis, right peripheral facial palsy, and an impaired pinprick sensation on the right face and left body. Her right arm was ataxic and normal in strength, but the right lower limb was so weak that she could only raise it up to 30 cm from bed and hold there for 1–2 s. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the second day of admission revealed a right lateral medullary infarction (LMI) and an aneurismal dilatation in the ipsilateral VA (Fig. 1a–c). Conventional angiography demonstrated a fusiform aneurysm (Fig. 1d). Her weakness recovered almost completely on the seventh day of admission, and she was discharged on the 29th day with the prescription of aspirin 100 mg per day. Opalski first described an LMI case with ipsilateral hemiparesis [1,2]. Although it was thought to be rare, a recent study suggests that ipsilateral hemiparesis appears in as many as 7% of cases of LMI [3]. As VA dissection resulted in as many as 29% of LMI and 21% of medial medullary infarction [3], cases with ipsilateral hemiparesis were not frequently reported [4–6]. In our case, ipsilateral crural monoparesis was evident in addition to right LMI. To our knowledge, only one similar case has been reported [7]. Ipsilateral hemiparesis in medullary infarction may result from compromised medullary-penetrating arteries, which arise from VA or the anterior spinal artery and supply the pyramidal fibers below the decussation. Despite the arguments [8], crural monoparesis in our case supports that pyramidal tract fibers innervating the lower and upper extremities decussate at different levels. They do not mix with each other. Nevertheless, false localization signs from cerebellar infarction [9] or occlusion of both the posterior spinal artery and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery [10] may also mimic Opalski’s syndrome. In conclusion, attention should be paid to the ipsilateral crural or hemiparesis obscuring from limb ataxia in brainstem infarction. Brain MRI or magnetic resonance angiography study is mandatory due to the possibility of VA dissection.