Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adder and multiplier design and analysis in quantum-dot cellular automata

Acknowledgments I wish to thank the people who have helped bring me to this stage. Without their help and support, this research could not have been brought to a successful conclusion. Especially I acknowledge Dr. Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr. for his continued support of my study and research. In addition to his teaching of knowledge , he gave me advice, inspiration, and encouragement. Kang. Their valuable time and energies spent for this research guided me to the quality work. I would like to thank my parents, sister, and brother-in-law. They always provided me all their support. All of my family devoted their lives to my study and success. I greatly learned from their love and dedication. Finally I appreciate the help from all members of the application specific processor group, colleagues in the University of Texas at Austin, and all my friends in Korea. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnol-ogy for electronic circuits. Its advantages such as faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption are very attractive. The fundamental device, a quantum-dot cell, can be used to make gates, wires, and memories. As such it is the basic building block of nanotechnology circuits. While the physical nature of the nanoscale materials is complicated, the circuit designer can concentrate on the logical and structural design, so the design effort is reduced. Because of its novelty, the current literature shows only simple circuit structures. This research broadens the QCA circuit designs with larger circuits, explores the characteristics of QCA circuit designs, and shows analysis based on those design results. This dissertation proposes three kinds of adder designs in QCA from the conventional adder design approaches. Ripple carry adders, carry lookahead adders, and conditional sum adders are designed for optimization with QCA technology and simulated with several different operand sizes. vi Using the newly discovered knowledge of the QCA circuit characteristics, new designs for serial adders and multipliers are presented, which are the carry flow adder and the serial multiplier. The carry flow adder design is compared with the previous three adder designs. From the filter design methodology, the carry shift multiplication and the carry delay multiplication algorithms are proposed. The serial multipliers are implemented with both algorithms. Abstract vi List of Tables xi List of Figures xii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.
Response of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of turmeric under agri-silvi-horti system in partially reclaimed sodic soil of eastern Uttar Pradesh

For utilization of inter spaces Dalbergia sissoo and Emblica officinalis orchard forturmeric productions under the agri-silvi-horti system. The present investigation was conducted to find out the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) of E. officinalis and D. sissoo based agri-silvi-horticulture system of (Curcurma longa L. cv. Narendra Haldi-18) on plant growth, yield and changes of soil physico-chemical properties. In this system, agricultural crop turmeric (C. longa L.) with different fertilizers treatments were sown. The tree height, dbh, and canopy were significantly affected by the different treatment of fertilizer combinations. The maximum No. of rhizomes plant−1 (9.06, 11.06), fresh weight of rhizome plant−1 (179.50g, 185.34g), dry weight of rhizomes plant−1 (36.72g, 43.46g) and yield (22.40, 25.04 t ha−1) were recorded with the treatment 100% NPK (120: 80: 80 kg ha−1) + 100% FYM (20 t ha−1) in agri-silvi-horti system and open area, respectively. Agriculture crop (C. longa) had pronounced effecton improving growth of perennial trees viz., E. officinalis and D. sissoo. Perennial trees (Shisham and Aonla) had also positive impact on growth and yield of C. longa. Application of INM under agri-silvi-horti system enhanced and maintained fertility status of the soil.
A case report: mechanical tricuspid valve thrombosis necessitating cardiac surgery during pregnancy

Abstract Background Pregnant women with mechanical valves are considered a high-risk pregnancy. They carry an increased risk of both maternal and foetal complications. This includes maternal valve thrombosis, foetal embryopathy, and haemorrhage. Cardiac surgery is generally avoided during pregnancy, and is used when there are no other alternative options. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during pregnancy is associated with high foetal mortality. Maternal mortality in the setting of CPB however, is not dissimilar to a non-pregnant woman. Case summary We present the case of a 29-year-old woman with Ebstein’s anomaly who developed thrombosis of her mechanical tricuspid valve at 4 weeks’ gestation. This was suspected to be likely due to sub-therapeutic anticoagulation at the time of presentation. She underwent a tricuspid valve replacement during the first trimester of pregnancy after failing medical therapy, with overall favourable maternal and foetal outcomes. Discussion Valve thrombosis during pregnancy is a devastating complication. There is limited data surrounding the best management strategy of valve thrombosis in pregnancy. Cardiac surgery with CPB is reserved for cases refractory to appropriate medical therapy. Though maternal mortality is largely unaffected, foetal mortality with CPB remains high. The management of pregnant women undergoing CPB is unique and extremely challenging. It requires a meticulous, multidisciplinary approach to improve overall outcomes.
Analysis of Spatial Mismatch and Equity using Commuting and Labor Sheds: Trends in Indiana

Commuting patterns are spatial interactions that result from the location decisions of firms, households, and the availability of transportation. Empirical evidence shows that these patterns differ across income groups, reflecting different levels of access to economic opportunities, such as jobs and modes of transportation. Accounting for this variability is an important aspect of paradigms and policies that strive for fair and equitable distribution of benefits and dis-benefits of transportation projects. However, measurable and widely accepted measures that could assist in the assessment of this distribution of transportation impacts are limited. This paper proposes a measure of accessibility mismatch for various income groups based on a ratio between commuting and labor sheds derived from open-access observed data. The paper demonstrates this measure using a case study of counties in Indiana between 2005 and 2007. The results show significant differences in the accessibility ratio between high-, middle-, and low-income groups as well as across metropolitan, micropolitan, and non-core counties, a commonly used geographical classification. This accessibility ratio can be used to explain the differences between commuting patterns across socioeconomic groups and their occupations as well as the identification of areas of limited accessibility and job opportunities.
The Use of Image and Point Cloud Data in Statistical Process Control

The volume of data acquired in production systems continues to expand. Emerging imaging technologies, such as machine vision systems (MVSs) and 3D surface scanners, diversify the types of data being collected, further pushing data collection beyond discrete dimensional data. These large and diverse datasets increase the challenge of extracting useful information. Unfortunately, industry still relies heavily on traditional quality methods that are limited to fault detection, which fails to consider important diagnostic information needed for process recovery. Modern measurement technologies should spur the transformation of statistical process control (SPC) to provide practitioners with additional diagnostic information. This dissertation focuses on how MVSs and 3D laser scanners can be further utilized to meet that goal. More specifically, this work: 1) reviews image-based control charts while highlighting their advantages and disadvantages; 2) integrates spatiotemporal methods with digital image processing to detect process faults and estimate their location, size, and time of occurrence; and 3) shows how point cloud data (3D laser scans) can be used to detect and locate unknown faults in complex geometries. Overall, the research goal is to create new quality control tools that utilize high density data available in manufacturing environments to generate knowledge that supports decision-making beyond just indicating the existence of a process issue. This allows industrial practitioners to have a rapid process recovery once a process issue has been detected, and consequently reduce the associated downtime.
Rotation Invariant Neural Network-Based Face Detection

The system (see Figure 2) uses a neural network, called a “router”, to analyze each window of the input before it is processed by a “detector” network. If the window contains a face, the router returns the angle of the face. The window can then be “derotated” to make the face upright. The derotated window is then passed to the detection network, which decides whether a face is present. If a non-face image is encountered, the router will return a meaningless rotation. Since a rotation of a non-face image will yield another nonface image, the detector network will still not detect a face. A rotated face, which would not have been detected by an upright face detector, will be rotated to an upright position, and subsequently detected as a face. Because the detector network is only applied once at each image location, this approach is significantly faster than exhaustively trying all orientations, and will yield fewer false detections [ 1,3]. To speed up the above algorithm for demonstration purposes, we used several techniques. First, we use a change detection algorithm to restrict the search area. Second, we use a model of skin color (acquired online as faces are detected) to further restrict the search. Finally, we use a candidate detection network to quickly rule out some portions of the input image, before examining them more carefully (and slowly) with the detection network. With these techniques, it takes about 6 seconds to process a 160x 120 pixel image on an SGI 02 workstation with a 174 MHz RIO000 processor.
Learning by Design: Good Video Games as Learning Machines

This article asks how good video and computer game designers manage to get new players to learn long, complex and difficult games. The short answer is that designers of good games have hit on excellent methods for getting people to learn and to enjoy learning. The longer answer is more complex. Integral to this answer are the good principles of learning built into successful games. The author discusses 13 such principles under the headings of ‘Empowered Learners’, ‘Problem Solving’ and ‘Understanding’ and concludes that the main impediment to implementing these principles in formal education is cost. This, however, is not only (or even so much) monetary cost. It is, importantly, the cost of changing minds about how and where learning is done and of changing one of our most profoundly change-resistant institutions: the school.
Population Structure and Genome‐Wide Association Analysis of Bruchid Resistance in Ethiopian Common Bean Genotypes

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is among the most important grain legume crops in Africa. However, the common bean grain is heavily damaged by the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman). This study was conducted to determine the population structure and genome-wide marker–trait associations of bruchid resistance in the common bean. The phenotypic diversity and population structure of 297 genotypes were analyzed, using the Illumina BARCBean6K_3 SNP BeadChip. The genotypes consisted of landraces, released varieties, breeding lines, and Mexican bean weevil resistant lines. A population structure analysis based on a Bayesian genotype clustering approach classified the 297 genotypes into two subpopulations, namely, Middle American and Andean. Similar population patterns were also observed using principal component analysis. The genomewide association study analysis identified 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on nine chromosomes, with a significant (P < 0.05) association with the percentages of adult emergence and seed weight loss. The SNPs located on Pv4 and Pv7 were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with the two traits. Other significant SNPs were identified on other chromosomes of the common bean, but none of them was above the cutoff point (1.00 ́ 10−4). Therefore, further verification of the SNPs that have a significant marker–trait association at P < 0.05 will be vital, and accessions with these SNPs may be useful as parental materials. S.G. Tigist and A. Tegene, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 430, Adama, Ethiopia; S.G. Tigist, R. Melis, and J. Sibiya, African Center for Crop Improvement, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; A.B. Amelework, Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; G. Keneni, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Received 13 Sept. 2018. Accepted 13 Mar. 2019. *Corresponding author (assefaa@arc.agric.za). Assigned to Associate Editor Joseph Robins. Abbreviations: APA, arcelin, phytohemagglutinin, and a-amylase inhibitor; HSW, hundred-seed weight; ISSR, intersimple sequence repeat; GWAS, genome-wide association study; PAE, percentage adult emergence; PSWL, percentage seed weight loss; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeat. Published in Crop Sci. 59:1–12 (2019). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2018.09. 0559 © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published online June 4, 2019
Development of maize cob‐based biochar filter for water purification

The study aimed at biochar production from maize cob and its performance in improving water physiochemical attributes. Three feedstock masses (2, 2.5, 3 kg) were used for biochar production. Nine treatment combinations of T1L1, T1L2, T1L3, T2L1, T2L2, T2L3, T3L1, T3L2 and T3L3 in triplicate were used for biochar performance. Biochar yield of 50% was averagely achieved at slow pyrolysis conditions (300 to 600°C) and 120 min residence time. Biochar had 4.13% moisture content, 6.86% ash, 17.70% volatile matter, 71.28% fixed carbon, and a pH of 10.27. Odour, colour, and total hardness of the wastewater improved after filtration using biochar to acceptable levels for potable water use. Total hardness reduced by 51.9% in T2L2 and 44.4% in T3L2. Findings front maize cob biochar as a purification technology for domestic potable water use. There is need for maize cob biochar performance on heavy metals and when it is sandwiched with other materials.
Evaluation of Pretreatment Effect for Spent Mushroom Substrate on Methane Production

In this study, various pretreatments were applied to spent mushroom substrate (SMS) for the methane gas production by anaerobic digestion. Hydrothermal treatment, acid treatment using H 2 SO 4 , and alkali treatment using NaOH or KOH were applied and evaluated as pretreatment of SMS before anaerobic digestion. The methane gas produced was 119.1 mL/g-dry weight (D.W.) with untreated SMS, 55.5 mL/g-D.W. with hydrothermal treated SMS, 22.5 mL /g-D.W. with acid treated SMS, and 219.1 mL/g-D.W. with alkali treated SMS. These results demonstrated that the alkali treatment showed the largest amount of methane gas production between these pretreatments of SMS. Alkali treatment combined with heating did not show significantly affect the amount of methane gas production. Also, there was no significant difference in the amount of methane gas production between NaOH treatment and KOH treatment. These results indicated that optimum pretreatment for the methane gas production of SMS is alkaline treatment. It was also suggested that the no necessary for heat pretreatment of SMS and alkaline treatment such as KOH is most effective method of SMS pretreatment for the methane gas production by anaerobic digestion.
Swine flu a seasonal pandemic, symptoms, diagnostics and prevention

ISSN H1N1 often is cause of annual epidemics in world particularly during winters and is a seasonal pandemic that has been a cause of many deaths. The display of various strains of H1N1 always creates confrontation to public health and the scientific communities. The key behind the repeated epidemics is the transformation of the viruses to escape the immunity that is induced by former infection or vaccination. The pandemic was declared, by the WHO, as officially over in August 2010. The H1N1 virus has become a regular flu virus which occurs seasonally, and causes outbreaks in many areas of the world. This mini review discusses risk of this disease with pandemic potential globally, transmission, diagnostics and preventive measures to be taken by people and health institutes. A present it calls for alertness of the health systems worldwide and a need for active correlation between public and health institutes. Copyright 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on maternal & fetal outcome

Background: Women with GDM are at increased risk for adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome. Hence, it is imperative that an early detection and management of the disease is done to ensure better maternal and fetal outcomes. Aims: To determine the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus using single step diagnostic test at our centre and to evaluate the maternal & fetal outcome and complications. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 200 patients attending the antenatal outdoor. These patients were given 75 g oral glucose irrespective of the meals and their plasma glucose was estimated at 2 h. Patients with plasma glucose values > 140 mg/dl were labelled as GDM. All GDM patients were followed up and treated with diet and/or insulin therapy till delivery to know maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: The prevalence of GDM in this study was 13.5%. Maternal and fetal complications in the GDM group were much higher than non-GDM group. Polyhydromnios, oligohydromnios, Hypertension, were the common maternal complications, while fetal distress, NICU admission, macrosomia and stillbirths occurred in the fetuses. Conclusion: GDM as a disease entity adversely affects maternal and fetal outcomes. This also builds a strong case for following DIPSI guidelines in diagnosis and management of GDM. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Glucose intolerance, Diabetes in pregnancy study group India criteria, Macrosomia
The Study of Nurses Knowledge and Performance Quality of Qazvin Hospitals about the Process of Blood Transfusion

Introduction: Supplying blood and blood products, maintenance, transfer and injection of each component have its own specific process. Therefore, those responsible must at least have the awareness that relates to the transfusion medicine. The safety and effectiveness of blood transfusion depend on the knowledge and skills of nurses, who have taken the responsibility. The aim of this study is to assess the educational needs of nurses in the field of blood transfusion that leads to creating a good medical process for nurses in clinical departments of hospitals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 124 nurses who participated in, were selected through random sampling in Qazvin hospitals in 1396. A questionnaire including 25 questions was used to evaluate the knowledge and performance of their awareness of different aspects of blood medicine, including maintenance, transferring, injection and post blood transfusion reactions. The scores of knowledge and performance encoded in three levels: low, medium, and good. Data analysis and correlation of variance were performed by using the software SPSS version 20. Results: Research results showed that most of the subjects are in the age group 20-30 years (68.7%) and females (93%) and have a bachelor's degree in nursing (95.6%). Results showed that the mean score of knowledge was 9.58±2.13, and score range was 9 (between 3 to 12). The mean score of performance was 38.96±2.17, with range 10 (scores were between 30 to 40). The analysis of variance used to examine the relationship. The results suggested that there was a significant relationship between performance and knowledge of subjects (P<0.05). Conclusions: According to this study, nurse’s knowledge level and awareness of blood transfusion are the media. Therefore, training, managers controlling and supervision programs seem to be necessary due to the great importance of the blood transfusion process and threaten the safety of patients. So, we recommend that this issue must be seriously included in academic courses and retraining in the field of blood transfusion, according to the latest available standards at the time of the nurse’s employment.
Outcome of Chair-Side Dental Fear Treatment: Long-Term Follow-Up in Public Health Setting

Aim Purpose of this practice and data-based study was to evaluate the outcome of dental fear treatment of patients referred to the Clinic for Fearful Dental Patients (CFDP) in the primary oral health care, City of Oulu, Finland, during period 2000–2005. Methods A psychological approach including behavioral interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy (BT/CBT) was used for all participants combined with conscious sedation or dental general anesthesia (DGA), if needed. The outcome was considered successful if later dental visits were carried out without any notifications in the patient records of behavioral problems or sedation. Data collection was made in 2006; the average length of the observation period from the last visit in the CFPD to data collection was 2 y 3 m (SD 1 y 5 m). All information was available for 163 patients (mean age 8.9 y at referral). Study population was dominated by males (58.0%). Cause for referrals was mostly dental fear (81.0%) or lack of cooperation. Results The success rate was 69.6% among females and 68.1% among males. Success seemed to be (p=0.053) higher for those treated in ≤12 years compared with the older ones. The participants, without need for dental general anesthesia (DGA) in the CFDP, had significantly a higher success rate (81.4%) compared with those who did (54.8%, p < 0.001). Use of conscious oral sedation (p=0.300) or N2O (p=0.585) was not associated with the future success. Conclusions A chair-side approach seems successful in a primary health care setting for treating dental fear, especially in early childhood. Use of sedation seems not to improve the success rate.
Erlang capacity of a power controlled CDMA system with antenna arrays

This paper presents an approach to evaluate the traffic behavior of code division multiple access (CDMA) employing power control and smart antennas. Firstly, it is pointed out that the outage probability is related to the power feasibility problem. Then, a "network-oriented" method is suggested for analyzing the system capacity from the viewpoint of network. Later, a Gaussian approximation that considers the application of antenna arrays is described for calculating the Erlang capacity. The results show that the use of antenna arrays increases the traffic capacity significantly.