Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The GTP-bound and Sumoylated Form of the rab17 Small Molecular Weight GTPase Selectively Binds Syntaxin 2 in Polarized Hepatic WIF-B Cells*

A major focus for our laboratory is identifying the molecules and mechanisms that regulate polarized apical protein sorting in hepatocytes, the major epithelial cells of the liver. These trafficking pathways are regulated, in part, by small molecular weight rab GTPases. We chose to investigate rab17, whose expression is restricted to polarized epithelial cells, is enriched in liver, and has been implicated in regulating basolateral to apical transcytosis. To initiate our studies, we generated three recombinant adenoviruses expressing wild type, constitutively active (GTP bound), or dominant-negative (GDP bound) rab17. Immunoblotting revealed rab17 immunoreactive species at 25 kDa (the predicted rab17 molecular mass) and 40 kDa. We determined that mono-sumoylation of the 25-kDa rab17 is responsible for the shift in molecular mass, and that rab17 prenylation is required for sumoylation. We further determined that sumoylation selectively promotes interactions with syntaxin 2 (but not syntaxins 3 or 4) and that these interactions are nucleotide dependent. Furthermore, a K68R-mutated rab17 led to the redistribution of syntaxin 2 and 5′ nucleotidase from the apical membrane to subapical puncta, whereas multidrug resistance protein 2 distributions were not changed. Together these data are consistent with the proposed role of rab17 in vesicle fusion with the apical plasma membrane and further implicate sumoylation as an important mediator of protein-protein interactions. The selectivity in syntaxin binding and apical protein redistribution further suggests that rab17 and syntaxin 2 mediate fusion of transcytotic vesicles at the apical surface.
Radiologic appearance of the irradiated larynx. Part I. Expected changes.

PURPOSE To present the expected appearance of the irradiated larynx and neck as seen at computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx were treated with radiation therapy. All patients underwent CT before and after treatment. RESULTS Expected changes include symmetric thickening of the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and false cords and increased attenuation of the paralaryngeal fat. The posterior pharyngeal wall tends to thicken and its mucosa enhances; retropharyngeal space edema is common. Glottic changes include increased attenuation of the paraglottic fat planes and thickening of the anterior and posterior commissures. Subglottic changes include thickening of the mucosa and submucosa. Soft-tissue changes include skin and platysmal thickening, as well as reticulation and increased attenuation of the subcutaneous and deeper fat. CONCLUSION Familiarization with expected radiologic changes is essential for interpretation of CT images of the irradiated larynx so that such changes are not mistaken for signs of persistent or recurrent tumor.
Perceptions of the roles of behaviour and genetics in disease risk: Are they associated with behaviour change attempts

The aims of the present study were to (i) examine the prevalence of perceived behavioural and genetic causal beliefs for four chronic conditions (i.e. obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer); (ii) to examine the association between these causal beliefs and attempts at behaviour change (i.e. physical activity, weight management, fruit intake, vegetable intake and soda intake). The data come from the Health Information National Trends Survey, a nationally representative population-based survey of adults (N = 3407). Results indicated that participants held both behavioural and genetic causal beliefs for all four chronic conditions. Multivariate analyses indicated that behavioural causal beliefs were significantly associated with attempts to increase physical activity and vegetable intake and to decrease weight. Genetic causal beliefs for cancer were significantly associated with reported attempts to maintain weight. Behaviour and genetic causal beliefs were not associated with changes in either fruit or soda intake. In conclusion, while behavioural causal beliefs are associated with behavioural change, measurement must capture disease-specific behavioural causal beliefs as they are associated with different health behaviours.
Sesame Seed Lignans Diversity , Human Metabolism and Bioactivities

Moazzami, A.A. 2006. Sesame Seed Lignans Diversity, Human Metabolism and Bioactivity. Doctor’s dissertation. ISSN 1652-6880, ISBN 91-576-7147-8 Sesame seed has been an important oilseed since ancient times. It contains 25% protein and 50% oil. Sesame seed possesses many health promoting effects, some of which have been attributed to a group of compounds called lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol and sesamolinol). Sesame seed contains lignan aglycones in oil and lignan glucosides. Sesamin, the major sesame oil lignan, is known to reduce plasma cholesterol and to increase plasma γ-tocopherol in humans. This thesis aimed at investigating the content of lignan and lignan glucosides in sesame seeds, human metabolism of sesamin and the effect of possible interaction between sesamin and phytosterols on the bioactivity of sesamin. To these purposes, two new lignan glucosides, sesaminol diglucoside and sesamolinol diglucoside, were isolated from sesame seeds and characterized by LC-MS and NMR. A method for the analysis of sesame lignan glucosides was developed based on extraction of defatted sesame flour with 85% and 70% ethanol and using naringenin as internal standard and a reversed phase HPLC-DAD. A quantitative NMR technique was also developed to analyze the urinary metabolite of sesamin in humans based on using methylenedioxyphenyl signal (δ 5.91) in H-NMR spectra of deconjugated urine extracts to measure the metabolite(s) content. A diversity of sesame seed oil and products were analyzed for their content of lignans and lignan glucosides. It was shown that sesame seeds contain almost 0.6% of lignans and 32% of lignans are in glucosylated form of sesaminol and sesamolinol. In a human study, volunteers (n=6) consumed a single dose of muffins backed with sesame oil containing sesamin and sesamolin. It was shown that almost 30% of sesamin ingested is excreted in urine in the form of a major catechol metabolite. In an animal experiment, rats were fed diet containing two concentrations of sesamin and phytosterols. It was shown that phytosterols reduce the lipid modulating effects of sesamin on γ-tocopherol and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. Overall, the findings from this thesis show that sesame seed is a rich source of lignans and that at least 30% of sesamin is absorbed in human, however the form of absorption is to be elucidated. Moreover, the biopotency of sesamin was reduced when the concentration of phytosterols was increased in the diet possibility because of reduction in the bioavailability of sesamin.
Subunit stoichiometry and arrangement in a heteromeric glutamate-gated chloride channel

Significance Cys-loop receptors (CLRs) are transmembrane ion channels activated by neurotransmitters to mediate chemoelectric excitation or inhibition throughout the nervous system. Hence, CLRs play a key role in our day-to-day life, from coordination of motions to cognition. Impairment of CLRs’ activity leads to various pathophysiological conditions. The CLR studied here is a glutamate-gated chloride-selective receptor (GluClR). GluClRs are unique to invertebrates, yet they are pharmacologically important because they serve as targets for ivermectin, an anthelmintic drug used to treat humans suffering from filarial diseases. This study provides better understanding of the subunit arrangement and stoichiometry of Glu-binding sites in GluClRs. The invertebrate glutamate-gated chloride-selective receptors (GluClRs) are ion channels serving as targets for ivermectin (IVM), a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug used to treat human parasitic diseases like river blindness and lymphatic filariasis. The native GluClR is a heteropentamer consisting of α and β subunit types, with yet unknown subunit stoichiometry and arrangement. Based on the recent crystal structure of a homomeric GluClαR, we introduced mutations at the intersubunit interfaces where Glu (the neurotransmitter) binds. By electrophysiological characterization of these mutants, we found heteromeric assemblies with two equivalent Glu-binding sites at β/α intersubunit interfaces, where the GluClβ and GluClα subunits, respectively, contribute the “principal” and “complementary” components of the putative Glu-binding pockets. We identified a mutation in the IVM-binding site (far away from the Glu-binding sites), which significantly increased the sensitivity of the heteromeric mutant receptor to both Glu and IVM, and improved the receptor subunits’ cooperativity. We further characterized this heteromeric GluClR mutant as a receptor having a third Glu-binding site at an α/α intersubunit interface. Altogether, our data unveil heteromeric GluClR assemblies having three α and two β subunits arranged in a counterclockwise β-α-β-α-α fashion, as viewed from the extracellular side, with either two or three Glu-binding site interfaces.
Experiments on wave turbulence: the evolution and growth of second sound acoustic turbulence in superfluid 4He confirm self-similarity

We report our experiments on the formation of second sound acoustic turbulence in superfluid 4He. The initial growth in spectral amplitude follows power laws that steepen rapidly with increasing harmonic number n, corresponding to a propagating front in frequency space. The lower growth exponents agree well with analytic predictions and numerical modeling. The observed increase in the formation delay with n validates the concept of self-similarity in the growth of wave turbulence.
Modified Misgav Ladach Method versus Pfannenstiel Kerr Method in Women with Previous Cesarean Section: a Randomized Controlled Trial

is 15%, ranging from 3.5% in Africa to 29.2% in Latin America and the Caribbean [2]. There is no universal surgical technique for cesarean section. The wide variation in surgical techniques in practice can be attributed to many factors namely the clinical situation and the preference of the surgeon [3]. Various abdominal incisions have been applied for cesarean delivery [3]. They include transverse incision (Pfannenstiel, Maylard, Cherney and Joel-Cohen) and vertical incision (midline and para median) [3]. All-over the world, the transverse suprapubic skin incision is the most common technique performed for cesarean section followed by Pfannenstiel incision and Joel-Cohen abdominal incision. Pfannenstiel authenticated the Pfannenstiel incision in 1900; it is a horizontal skin incision about 2 cm above pubic symphysis [4].
Endogenous lung stem cells and contribution to disease

Epithelial branching during the process of lung development results in the establishment of distinct functional zones, each of which is characterized by a unique cellular composition and repertoire of local progenitor cells. Significant new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms of epithelial maintenance that provide insights into the pathophysiology of lung disease have been made in recent years. This review focuses on the complex structure–function relationship in the airway epithelium, how this epithelium is maintained in the normal state and repaired following injury, and how deregulation may contribute to airway disease and cancer. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Betting Against Beta or Demand for Lottery

Frazzini and Pedersen (2014) document that a betting against beta strategy that takes long positions in low-beta stocks and short positions in high-beta stocks generates a large abnormal return of 6.6% per year and they attribute this phenomenon to funding liquidity risk. We demonstrate that price pressure driven by demand for lottery-like stocks plays a significant role in generating the betting against beta phenomenon. Portfolio and regression analyses show that, after controlling for lottery demand, the betting against beta phenomenon disappears, while other firm characteristics, measures of risk, and funding liquidity sensitivity measures fail to explain the effect. Furthermore, the betting against beta phenomenon only exists when the price impact of lottery demand falls disproportionately on high-beta stocks. Finally, factor models that include our lottery-demand factor explain the abnormal returns of the betting against beta portfolio as well as the betting against beta factor generated by Frazzini and Pedersen. We conclude that the betting against beta phenomenon is a manifestation of demand for lottery-like stocks.
Mesh‐independent convergence of the modified inexact Newton method for a second order non‐linear problem

In this paper, we consider an inexact Newton method applied to a second order non‐linear problem with higher order non‐linearities. We provide conditions under which the method has a mesh‐independent rate of convergence. To do this, we are required, first, to set up the problem on a scale of Hilbert spaces and second, to devise a special iterative technique which converges in a higher than first order Sobolev norm. We show that the linear (Jacobian) system solved in Newton's method can be replaced with one iterative step provided that the initial non‐linear iterate is accurate enough. The closeness criteria can be taken independent of the mesh size. Finally, the results of numerical experiments are given to support the theory. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child-rearing attitudes and cardiovascular risk among children: moderating influence of parental socioeconomic status.

BACKGROUND We examined associations of parental socioeconomic status (SES) and hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes with the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) precursors in children. METHODS The participants were 210 randomly selected healthy boys and girls who participated in the epidemiological Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study and who were 3, 6, and 9 years of age at the three study phases. Hostile maternal child-rearing attitudes were self-rated by the mothers. SES consisted of the years of education of the parents and family income. The IRS comprised serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. RESULTS Among boys, low parental SES and strict maternal discipline were associated with heightened somatic risk. Among girls, parental SES moderated the association between maternal child-rearing attitudes and somatic risk so that belonging to a high-SES family seemed to protect the girls against the adverse health effects of hostile mothering. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the psychosocial environment is differentially related to girls' and boys' somatic risk. It is concluded that belonging to high social class may buffer against childhood stress, while belonging to low social class may enhance vulnerability to stressors in childhood.
Optimal Treatment Strategies to Enhance Recovery from Schizophrenia

Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the base for integrating biomedical, psychological and social strategies in the management of schizophrenia. Method: A review of the literature on schizophrenia with particular emphasis in management considerations. Results: Effective treatment components include psychoeducation, medication strategies, carer-based stress management training, community-based intensive treatment, living skills training, and specific drug and cognitive-behavioural strategies for residual symptoms. Conclusions: Treatment for schizophrenia is best provided by integrating the various and specific psychosocial intervention strategies in addition to the optimal use of medication. Methods for implementing these strategies in outpatient settings include the use of a comprehensive assessment and treatment plan, the training of mental health professionals, and periodic review with assessment packages.
Genetic effects on the timing of early development in the mouse.

1. On the 4th day of gestation, embryos were recovered from mice of the C57BL, R III, JU, C3H and Q strains, and cell counts were carried out. Significant differences between strains were seen, both in the percentage of embryos which had reached the blastocyst stage, and in the mean number of cells per embryo. C57BL embryos had most cells, and C3H embryos fewest. 2. Examination of earlier stages of C57BL and C3H development showed that the proportionate difference in cell number remained constant, so that the difference involved the time at which cleavage began, and not the rate of cleavage. Activation of the eggs and the formation of pronuclei also occurred earlier in C57BL than in C3H females. 3. The difference in cell number between C57BL and C3H embryos did not depend on a difference in time of mating, nor on the genotype of the male, since reciprocal crosses were similar to the maternal strain. The difference was maintained in culture from the two-cell stage.
Morningness‐Eveningness Comparison in Adolescents from Different Countries around the World

Very few studies have focused on differences in chronotype around the globe. In this study, morningness‐eveningness was measured using the Composite Scale of Morningness and the midpoint of sleep on free days (corrected for sleep debt, MSFsc) in adolescents of sixteen German schools abroad, dispersed all over the world, and for comparison pupils attending German schools. There was no influence of duration of residence in the respective locality, and sex differences were weak. Age correlated negatively with morningness. A significant influence of climate zone (temperate, subtropics, tropics) was found, with adolescents in the subtropics being the latest chronotypes, and an interaction of age×climate zone was identified. Significant associations between chronotype and longitude and latitude were identified within the time zone of central Europe. Adolescents were found to be more morning oriented both toward the East and North. The results indicate that climate, longitude, and latitude contribute to chronotype.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Defective Vaccinia Virus Lister: Comparison with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara

ABSTRACT Potent and safe vaccinia virus vectors inducing cell-mediated immunity are needed for clinical use. Replicating vaccinia viruses generally induce strong cell-mediated immunity; however, they may have severe adverse effects. As a vector for clinical use, we assessed the defective vaccinia virus system, in which deletion of an essential gene blocks viral replication, resulting in an infectious virus that does not multiply in the host. The vaccinia virus Lister/Elstree strain, used during worldwide smallpox eradication, was chosen as the parental virus. The immunogenicity and safety of the defective vaccinia virus Lister were evaluated without and with the inserted human p53 gene as a model and compared to parallel constructs based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), the present “gold standard” of recombinant vaccinia viruses in clinical development. The defective viruses induced an efficient Th1-type immune response. Antibody and cytotoxic-T-cell responses were comparable to those induced by MVA. Safety of the defective Lister constructs could be demonstrated in vitro in cell culture as well as in vivo in immunodeficient SCID mice. Similar to MVA, the defective viruses were tolerated at doses four orders of magnitude higher than those of the wild-type Lister strain. While current nonreplicating vectors are produced mainly in primary chicken cells, defective vaccinia virus is produced in a permanent safety-tested cell line. Vaccines based on this system have the additional advantage of enhanced product safety. Therefore, a vector system was made which promises to be a valuable tool not only for immunotherapy for diseases such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, or malaria but also as a basis for a safer smallpox vaccine.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 in angiogenesis and clinical outcome of human gastric cancer

It has been recognized that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) produce important endogenous factors of human tumors such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins, which is involved in the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association of clinicopathologic factors, microvessel density, and patient survival with the expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
Understanding FLOSS Implementation as a Key for Organization Design

Growing research on Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) has addressed a variety of questions focusing on aspects ranging from open source development processes and developer motivation to economic and policy implications. Nevertheless, a few authors have examined the use of FLOSS and its implementation in organizations. Implementation studies represent a particularly promising area for information systems researchers who are still in the process of theorizing about the relationship between the distinctive properties of FLOSS and the processes of implementation and use. The goal of this paper is to present a taxonomy of FLOSS initiatives drawn on the outcomes of a previous study and to link the results with the multi-level framework defined by Niederman et al (2006). We also suggest a possible methodology to further investigate the possible combinations of organizational practices in order to achieve the expected benefits from FLOSS implementation.
Antibiogram and heavy metal resistance pattern of Salmonella spp : isolated from wild asian sea bass (lates calcarifer) from Tok Bali, Kelantan, Malaysia

The aim of this study is to characterize antibiogram and heavy metal resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from wild Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). Salmonella spp. is recognized as a food borne pathogen to humans. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the suitable antibiotic in controlling Salmonella spp. isolated from Asian sea bass, Malaysian favorite seafood. In the present study, Salmonella spp. was isolated using Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) medium. The bacterial isolates were then identified using conventional biochemical tests and conformed to commercial identification kit. A total of 150 isolates of Salmonella spp. were randomly selected for antibiotic and heavy metal tolerance tests. Fourteen antibiotics, namely oxolinic acid (2 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), furazolidone (15 µg), lincomycin (15 µg), colistin sulfate (25 µg), oleandomycin (15 µg), doxycycline (30 µg), nitrofurantoin (50 µg), fosfomycin (50 µg), florfenicol (30 µg), flumequine (30 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), and spiramycin (100 µg) and four heavy metals; mercury (Hg 2+ ), cadmium (Cd 2+ ), chromium (Cr 6+ ) and copper (Cu 2+ ) were tested in the present study. The results of the present study indicating that oxolinic acid were found the most effective in controlling present bacterial isolates in which 85.3 % of the present bacterial were sensitive to them. This was followed by tetracycline and nitrofurantoin in which 85.2 % of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to it. On the other hand, all the bacterial isolates were resistant to lincomycin and oleandomycin. The findings of the present study indicate that the samples may be highly exposed to the tested antibiotics and heavy metals.
Online Communities: Design, Theory, and Practice

This special thematic section of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication brings together nine articles that provide a rich composite of the current research in online communities. The articles cover a range of topics, methodologies, theories and practices. Indirectly they all speak to design since they aim to extend our understanding of the field. The variety shown in these articles illustrates how broad the definition is of this rapidly growing field known as ‘online communities. ’