Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Board reputation attributes and corporate social performance: an empirical investigation of the US Best Corporate Citizens

The aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship between board reputation and corporate social performance. Specifically, we claim that corporate social performance may be a function of board attributes and we investigate the association between board reputation – in terms of board composition, competence, diversity, leadership, structure and links with the external environment – and the social performance of firms, after controlling for other company-specific characteristics. In order to explore such a relationship, we analyse the association between corporate social performance and board reputation of the Business Ethics 100 Best Corporate Citizens over the period 2005–2007. Data on corporate social responsibility are collected from the KLD's SOCRATES database, which is derived from multiple sources and is not dependent upon corporate self-reporting. Data on board reputation are hand-collected from corporate reports and proxy statements. Our empirical evidence shows that the proportions of independent, community influential and female directors are positively associated with corporate social performance, while the presence of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee is positively associated with community performance. In contrast, we find that CEO duality and community influential directors with multiple directorships have a negative effect on corporate social performance.
Do You Panic about Maths

the resulting conflict of argument and discussion and the search for means of resolving it". I have some reservations about the value of this book to the primary teacher, since its world seems to be that of the secondary teacher, despite references to younger children, but I would like to see this book on the reading programme for anyone training to teach mathematics in the secondary school and of all those whose task is to train these teachers. These latter will find much to enrich their own thinking. It is, I feel sure, a book one can come back to and find different stimuli as one's view of teaching develops over time.
SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY DISCOVERS THIN HIGH TEMPERATURE STRANDS IN CORONAL ACTIVE REGIONS

One scenario proposed to explain the million degree solar corona is a finely stranded corona where each strand is heated by a rapid pulse. However, such fine structure has neither been resolved through direct imaging observations nor conclusively shown through indirect observations of extended superhot plasma. Recently, it has been shown that the observed difference in the appearance of cool and warm coronal loops (∼1 MK and ∼2–3 MK, respectively)—warm loops appearing “fuzzier” than cool loops—can be explained by models of loops composed of subarcsecond strands, which are impulsively heated up to ∼10 MK. That work predicts that images of hot coronal loops (≳ 6 MK) should again show fine structure. Here we show that the predicted effect is indeed widely observed in an active region with the Solar Dynamics Observatory, thus supporting a scenario where impulsive heating of fine loop strands plays an important role in powering the active corona.
Can production subsidies foster export activity ?

Using a unique firm level data set from the Chinese manufacturing sector, this paper analyses the impact of production subsidies on firms’ export performance. It documents robust evidence that production subsidies stimulate export activity, although this effect is conditional on firm characteristics. In particular, the beneficial impact of subsidies is found to be more pronounced amongst profit-making firms, firms in capital intensive industries and those with previous exporting experience. Compared to firm characteristics, the extent of heterogeneity across ownership structure (SOEs, collectives and privately-owned firms) proves to be relatively less important. JEL classification: F1, O2, P3
Physics of Alfvén Waves

Alfven waves discovered by Hannes Alfven (1942, Nature 150 405) are fundamental electromagnetic oscillations prevalent in magnetically confined plasmas existing in the nature and laboratories. Alfven waves play important roles in the heating, stability, and transport of magnetized plasmas. The anisotropic nearly incompressible shear Alfven wave is particularly interesting since, due to inhomogeneities and geometries in realistic plasmas, its wave spectra consist of both the regular discrete and the singular continuous components. In this paper, we will discuss interesting features of the spectral properties of Alfven waves, spontaneous wave excitations via resonance with supra-thermal particles, and nonlinear physics issues dealing with both wave-particle as well as wave-wave interactions.
Tectonic/volcanic segmentation and controls on hydrothermal venting along Earth's fastest seafloor spreading system, EPR 27°–32°S

We have collected 12 kHz SeaBeam bathymetry and 120 kHz DSL‐120 side‐scan sonar and bathymetry data to determine the tectonic and volcanic segmentation along the fastest spreading (∼150 km/Myr) part of the global mid‐ocean ridge system, the southern East Pacific Rise between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. This area is presently reorganizing by large‐scale dueling rift propagation and possible protomicroplate tectonics. Fracture patterns observed in the side‐scan data define structural segmentation scales along these ridge segments. These sometimes, but not always, correlate with linear volcanic systems defining segmentation in the SeaBeam data. Some of the subsegments behave cohesively, with in‐phase tectonic activity, while fundamental discontinuities occur between other subsegments. We also collected hydrothermal plume data using sensors mounted on the DSL‐120 instrument package, as well as CTDO tow‐yos, to determine detailed structural and volcanic controls on the hydrothermal vent pattern observed along 600 km of the Pacific‐Nazca axis. Here we report the first rigorous correlation between coregistered hydrothermal plume and high‐resolution marine geophysical data on similar scales and over multisegment distances. Major plume concentrations were usually found where axial inflation was relatively high and fracture density was relatively low. These correlations suggest that hydrothermal venting is most active where the apparent magmatic budget is greatest, resulting in recent eruptions that have paved over the neovolcanic zone. Areas of voluminous acoustically dark young lava flows produced from recent fissure eruptions correlate with many of the major hydrothermal vent areas. Increased crustal permeability, as gauged by increased fracture density, does not enhance hydrothermal venting in this area. Axial summit troughs and graben are rare, probably because of frequent volcanic resurfacing in this superfast spreading environment, and are not good predictors of hydrothermal activity here. Many of the hydrothermal areas are found in inflated areas near the ends of segments, suggesting that abundant magma is being supplied to these areas.
Chromium and Iron Removal for Hard Chrome Bath Recycling using Eggshell Sorbent

This research is to study the removal of chromium and iron from spent hard chrome plating solutions using eggshell as selected bio-waste sorbent. It was found from the batch experiments that the chemically modified eggshell with hydrochloric acid resulted in better performance in comparison with the unmodified eggshell. The removal efficiency as well as adsorption capacity for Fe(II), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) were 95%, 100%, 13% and 94.5 mg/g, 18.8 mg/g, 173.4 mg/g, respectively in 48 h. The kinetics of chromium and iron sorption were described by pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models. The experimental kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo second order kinetic model for both chromium and iron. The adsorption isotherms using Langmuir and Freundlich models were also evaluated by linearized forms. The best-fitted model to the experimental equilibrium data for eggshell sorbent was found to be the Freundlich model. From this investigation, the purification and recovery of hard chrome bath from spent plating solutions can be achieved using eggshell adsorption.
Morphological, Ecological, and Molecular Analyses Separate Muraena augusti from Muraena helena as a Valid Species

Abstract A multidisciplinary approach including biometric, ecological, and molecular genetic analyses was employed to test species status of the Black Moray Muraena augusti (Kaup, 1856) and the Mediterranean Moray M. helena Linnaeus, 1758. Relevant differences were identified in their habitat, bathymetric range, color pattern, vertebral formula, growth parameters and lifespan, reproduction strategy, size/age at first maturity, and distribution. Intra- and interspecific genetic divergences (based on a region of the rhodopsin gene and the complete cytochrome b gene) also suggest that both moray eels are different species. Mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data place these two species into different clades. Phylogenetic analyses among an additional five species of moray eels occurring in sympatry in the eastern central Atlantic resolved M. helena, M. augusti, and M. melanotis as closely related species in a well supported clade, while M. robusta emerged as a more divergent species within the Gymnothorax clade. Based on these findings, Muraena augusti is a valid species and should be resurrected.
Dutch Managerial Leadership Strategies: Managing Uncertainty Avoidance, Feminine-Related Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity Focus, and Work Orientation within A Polder Framework

This paper extends Schama’s (1988) notion of moral geography where there is a determinacy link between an ecology and those managing organisations within it. We emphasise that the link is framed by its historical legacy of social ideals. This paper hypothesises that the egalitarian influence of the polder philosophy leads Dutch managers to value cooperative partnership based on consensus decision-making, in a symbiotic relationship between the manager and the community. Structural equation modelling of the data obtained from surveying 808 managers across occupational industry sectors in the Netherlands support this hypothesis. Results reveal that in the Netherlands (1) the external environment has an unique influence, through its impact on managerial behaviour; (2) the external environment has a profound influence on managers’ personal qualities underpinned by their feminine-value-oriented social roles; and (3) organisational prosperity and work orientations are driven by environmental uncertainty avoidance and managers’ feminine-valued social roles. Keywords: Uncertainty Avoidance, Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity, Work Orientation, Preferred Leadership Styles, Polder Philosophy To cite this document: Christopher Selvarajah, Denny Meyer, Andre de Waal, and Beatrice Van der Heijden, "Dutch Managerial Leadership Strategies: Managing Uncertainty Avoidance, Feminine-Related Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity Focus, and Work Orientation within A Polder Framework", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 87-120, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.7903/cmr.18279
Tilburg University Envy and admiration

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The Rasch Model as Additive Conjoint Measurement

The object of this paper is to present Rasch's psychometric model as a special case of additive conjoint measurement. The connection between these two areas has been discussed before, but largely ignored. Because the theory of conjoint measurement has been formulated determinis tically, there have been some difficulties in its application. It is pointed out in this paper that the Rasch model, which is a stochastic model, does not suffer from this fault. The exposition centers on the analyses of two data sets, each of which was ana lyzed using Rasch scaling methods as well as some of the methods of conjoint measurement. The results, using the different procedures, are com pared.
Community and International Nutrition Multimicronutrient Interventions but Not Vitamin A or Iron Interventions Alone Improve Child Growth : Results of 3 Meta-Analyses 1

Meta-analyses of randomized controlled intervention trials were conducted to assess the effects of vitamin A, iron, and multimicronutrient interventions on the growth of children 18 y old. A PubMed database search and other methods identified 14 vitamin A, 21 iron, and 5 multimicronutrient intervention studies that met the design criteria. Weighted mean effect sizes and CI were calculated using a random effects model for changes in height and weight. Tests for homogeneity and stratified analyses by predefined characteristics were conducted. Vitamin A interventions had no significant effect on growth; effect sizes were 0.08 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.36) for height and 0.01 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.22) for weight. Iron interventions also had no significant effect on child growth. Overall effect sizes were 0.09 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.24) for height and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.30) for weight. The results were similar across categories of age, duration of intervention, mode and dosage of intervention, and baseline anthropometric status. Iron interventions did result in a significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations with an effect size of 1.49 (95% CI: 0.46, 2.51). Multimicronutrient interventions had a positive effect on child growth; the effect sizes were 0.28 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.41) for height and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.63) for weight. Interventions limited to only vitamin A or iron did not improve child growth. Multimicronutrient interventions, on the other hand, improved linear and possibly ponderal growth in children. J. Nutr. 134: 2592–2602, 2004.
Economic Fluctuations During Pregnancy And Smoking Onset Among Adolescents In Brazil: Evidence From The Pesquisa Nacional De Saúde Do Escolar (Pense)

In this paper, we aim to investigate the potential link between smoking initiation among 9 grade Brazilian students and economic fluctuations during their life in utero. Using data about smoking behavior from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2012 and the unemployment rate as a proxy for economic fluctuations, we estimate an interval censoring model. We link unemployment cycles to the trimesters of gestation based on the students birth date. The results suggest that a deviation of 0.1 log units in the unemployment rate from its long-term trend in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of smoking onset in 4.35%. Maternal stress due to economic downturns is probably the main channel behind this effect, once epidemiological evidence has linked the excess of stress hormones during pregnancy to offspring’s nicotine dependence in adult life. Moreover, we find evidence of selection associated to economic fluctuations in which the proportion of high-SES student is greater than low-SES students during recession periods. In particular, high-SES students are the group of adolescents more sensible to economic fluctuations, probably because their mother faced high opportunity costs during periods of economic contractions.
A theoretical model of the variation of the meridional circulation with the solar cycle

Observations of the meridional circulation of the Sun, which plays a key role in the operation of the solar dynamo, indicate that its speed varies with the solar cycle, becoming faster during the solar minima and slower during the solar maxima. To explain this variation of the meridional circulation with the solar cycle, we construct a theoretical model by coupling the equation of the meridional circulation (the $\phi$ component of the vorticity equation within the solar convection zone) with the equations of the flux transport dynamo model. We consider the back reaction due to the Lorentz force of the dynamo-generated magnetic fields and study the perturbations produced in the meridional circulation due to it. This enables us to model the variations of the meridional circulation without developing a full theory of the meridional circulation itself. We obtain results which reproduce the observational data of solar cycle variations of the meridional circulation reasonably well. We get the best results on assuming the turbulent viscosity acting on the velocity field to be comparable to the magnetic diffusivity (i.e. on assuming the magnetic Prandtl number to be close to unity). We have to assume an appropriate bottom boundary condition to ensure that the Lorentz force cannot drive a flow in the subadiabatic layers below the bottom of the tachocline. Our results are sensitive to this bottom boundary condition. We also suggest a hypothesis how the observed inward flow towards the active regions may be produced.
Measurements of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)

Abstract. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and acetylene (C2H2) are ubiquitous atmospheric trace gases with medium lifetime, which are frequently used as indicators of combustion sources and as tracers for atmospheric transport and chemistry. Because of their weak infrared absorption, overlapped by the CO2 Q branch near 720 cm−1, nadir sounders have up to now failed to measure these gases routinely. Taking into account CO2 line mixing, we provide for the first time extensive measurements of HCN and C2H2 total columns at Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E) and Jungfraujoch (46° N, 8° E) in 2009–2010 using observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). A first order comparison with local ground-based Fourier transform infraRed (FTIR) measurements has been carried out allowing tests of seasonal consistency which is reasonably captured, except for HCN at Jungfraujoch. The IASI data shows a greater tendency to high C2H2 values. We also examine a nonspecific biomass burning plume over austral Africa and show that the emission ratios with respect to CO agree with previously reported values.
Checking the Cox model with cumulative sums of martingale-based residuals

SUMMARY This paper presents a new class of graphical and numerical methods for checking the adequacy of the Cox regression model. The procedures are derived from cumulative sums of martingale-based residuals over follow-up time and/or covariate values. The distributions of these stochastic processes under the assumed model can be approximated by zero-mean Gaussian processes. Each observed process can then be compared, both visually and analytically, with a number of simulated realizations from the approximate null distribution. These comparisons enable the data analyst to assess objectively how unusual the observed residual patterns are. Special attention is given to checking the functional form of a covariate, the form of the link function, and the validity of the proportional hazards assumption. An omnibus test, consistent against any model misspecification, is also studied. The proposed techniques are illustrated with two real data sets.
Torsional Alfvén Wave Embedded ICME Magnetic Cloud and Corresponding Geomagnetic Storm

Energy transfer during the interaction of large-scale solar wind structure and the Earth’s magnetosphere is a chronic issue in space-weather studies. To understand this, researchers widely studied the geomagnetic storm and substorm phenomena. The present understanding suggests that the long duration of the southward interplanetary magnetic field component is the most important parameter for the geomagnetic storm. Such a long duration strong southward magnetic field is often associated with ICMEs, torsional Alfvén fluctuations superposed corotating interacting regions (CIRs), and fast solar wind streams. Torsional Alfvén fluctuations embedded CIRs have been known of for a long time; however, magnetic clouds embedded with such fluctuations are rarely observed. The presence of Alfvén waves in the ICME/MC and the influence of these waves on the storm evolution remains an interesting topic of study. The present work confirms the torsional Alfvén waves in a magnetic cloud associated with a CME launched on 2011 February 15, which impacted the Earth’s magnetosphere on 2011 February 18. Furthermore, observations indicate that these waves inject energy into the magnetosphere during the storm and contribute to the long recovery time of geomagnetic storms. Our study suggests that the presence of torsional Alfvén waves significantly controls the storm dynamics.
Discussion Paper Series 2012-02 Volatility Forecast Comparison with Biased Proxy

Various loss functions are employed in literature to evaluate competing volatility forecasting models. The loss function for an evaluation requires true volatility, which is unobservable. Patton (2011) provides a new class of loss functions that guarantees the consistency of the ranking (asymptotically) when the unbiased volatility proxy is used instead of true volatility. However, while realized variance (RV) is commonly used as the proxy in practice, it is natural to consider that RV does not satisfy the unbiasedness condition due to market microstructure noise. In this paper, we show that such bias in the volatility proxy can cause misspecified rankings of competing models. We also introduce a new notion for the robustness of loss functions to incorporate the effect of the biased volatility proxy and propose a proper method to evaluate the competing forecasting models if the volatility proxy is biased. We conduct a series of Monte Carlo simulation to access the performance of our method and confirm that the proposed method behaves well. keywords: forecasting evaluation, loss function, realized variance, volatility.
Filament Fragmentation in High-Mass Star Formation

Aims: We resolve the length-scales for filament formation and fragmentation (res. <=0.1pc), in particular the Jeans length and cylinder fragmentation scale. Methods: We observed the prototypical high-mass star-forming filament IRDC18223 with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) in the 3.2mm continuum and N2H+(1-0) line emission in a ten field mosaic at a spatial resolution of ~4'' (~14000AU). Results: The dust continuum emission resolves the filament into a chain of at least 12 relatively regularly spaced cores. The mean separation between cores is ~0.40(+-0.18)pc. While this is approximately consistent with the fragmentation of an infinite, isothermal, gravitationally bound gas cylinder, a high mass-to-length ratio of M/l~1000M_sun/pc requires additional turbulent and/or magnetic support against radial collapse of the filament. The N2H+(1-0) data reveal a velocity gradient perpendicular to the main filament. Although rotation of the filament cannot be excluded, the data are also consistent with the main filament being comprised of several velocity-coherent sub-filaments. Furthermore, this velocity gradient perpendicular to the filament resembles recent results toward Serpens south that are interpreted as signatures of filament formation within magnetized and turbulent sheet-like structures. Lower-density gas tracers ([CI] and C18O) reveal a similar red/blueshifted velocity structure on scales around 60'' east and west of the IRDC18223 filament. This may tentatively be interpreted as a signature of the large-scale cloud and the smaller-scale filament being kinematically coupled. We do not identify a velocity gradient along the axis of the filament. This may either be due to no significant gas flows along the filamentary axis, but it may partly also be caused by a low inclination angle of the filament with respect to the plane of the sky that could minimize such signature.