Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro Efficacy of Chemical Disinfectants against Fungi isolated from Different wards of two University-Affiliated Hospitals in Tehran

In vitro activity of benzalkonium chloride 4%, 5% and 6% solutions, Betadine® 8, 9 and 10% solutions, Chlorhexamed® 3%, 4% and 5% solutions and also Dettol® 0.5%, 1.5 % and 2.5 % solutions were assessed against fungi isolated from different wards of two Tehran university - affiliated hospitals after 15, 30 and 60 min of exposure time. 30 specimens were randomly collected from intensive care unit (ICU), cardiac care unit (CCU), examination and patient’s rooms and corridors of hospitals via air and surface sampling. Fungal suspensions (0.25 ml) were supplied from each fungus and added to 3.75 ml of different disinfectant solutions and let for appropriate interaction at 15, 30 and 60 min. Dey- Engley medium (1.43 ×) was used for neutralization of disinfectants activity. Dettol® 2.5% solution was the most effective disinfectant against isolated fungi, in particular on Aspergillus niger and Cunninghamella. Betadine® was not effective disinfectant even with use of 10% solution and showed the least activity to isolated fungi. Significant correlation was seen between disinfectant and used concentration and also disinfectants and isolates (P < 0.01). More concentrated solutions than recommended concentration of disinfectants by manufacturer are needed for full fungicidal activity of disinfectants.
Antecedents of Children of Alcohol Abused Parents: Grounded Theory Analysis

This research endeavored to fill the knowledge gap in children of alcohol abuse parents by uncovering one of the five fundamental themes of children of alcohol abuse parent, that is, the antecedents that add to the working hypothesis or paradigm model of the phenomenon. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 children and seven parents who were recruited through Alcohol Abuse and Family Support Agency. A Grounded Theory approach was adopted to analyze the transcribed interview data. Nvivo 10 software was used in analyzing the data by methodologically coding and categorizing the data in open, axial and selective coding. Five major themes emerged from the analysis, which is referred to as antecedents of parents’ alcohol abuse phenomenon, Description of alcohol abuse phenomenon, Contexts and prevailing conditions affecting alcohol abuse, coping strategies and consequences of alcohol abuse on children. Based on this, the study was set out to construct a grounded theory of the phenomena of children in the alcohol abused families in Nigeria rooted in the description of their own comprehensive experience. This study is planned to benefit all parties: parents, teachers, counselors and other stakeholders to minimize the effect of parent alcohol abuse on children.
Can experienced birds select for Müllerian mimicry

Field experiments have shown that avian predators in the wild can select for similarity of warning signals in aposematic prey (Mullerian mimicry) because a common signal is better protected than a signal that is novel and rare. The original theory of Mullerian mimicry assumes that the mechanism promoting mimicry is predator learning; by sharing a signal, the comimic species share the mortality that is due to sampling by inexperienced predators. Predation events have not been observed in the wild, and learning experiments with naive bird predators in a laboratory have not unambiguously shown a benefit of a uniform signal compared with different signals. As predators in the field experiments are likely to be more experienced compared with previous laboratory experiments, we studied selection by experienced predators on a novel imperfect mimic. We trained great tits Parus major to avoid artificial aposematic models and subsequently introduced perfect and imperfect mimics at different frequencies. Birds with prior experience on the models selected against the imperfect mimics that were at a disadvantage also in a memory test conducted a week after their introduction. Selection against the imperfect mimics was antiapostatic. However, the imperfect mimics also benefited from some signal generalization to the models and possibly gained protection because the birds were familiar with the alternative cryptic prey that was also present. Our results suggest that experienced predators might be more important to the evolution of mimicry than the learning-based theory assumes. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
A Critical study on the nutrient level status of the Children attending ICDS Center in Kerala State (India)

The research study is to assess the nutritional supplementation in term of nutritional grading and nutritional deficiency diseases among Preschoolers in Kerala state. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in among children of age group of 3-6 years in 4 districts of Kerala State was selected randomly for the present study, rural population of child beneficiaries of ICDS scheme which comprises of children upto six years of age, who were registered at AWC as Beneficiaries and served by Anganwadi centre for more than one year and corresponding those who were not registered took as Non-beneficiaries. Results: Malnutrition in ICDS group was found to be 50 %in male 58.0% in female, 16.3 % in males and 20.5 % in female and 44.9 % in male and 44.0% in female respectively while in Non- ICDS Utilizers stunting is 75 % in male and 69 %in female, wasting 27.0% in males and 28.0 % in females and underweight is 60.9% in males and 60.1% in female respectively, The Mean Weight of ICDS beneficiaries in general was more than that of non ICDS utilizers.
Traditional resources evaluation of district Shangla, Pakistan

Study on traditional resources evaluation was carried out during summer 2008 in various parts of district Shangla. The potential for sustainable livelihood development in the region was assessed by analysing the forest dwellers' livelihood assets and perceptions of the forest livelihood. The study also explores the uses of forest resources and the methodology is largely based on the sustainable livelihood framework. The empirical analysis shows that local people protect forest resources with the view to producing forest goods, which are important for livelihood. The study inventoried 89 species belonging to 50 families which are used for various ethno-botanical purposes, such as multipurpose tree (9 Spp), timber wood (7 Spp), fuel wood (15 Spp) , fodder (24 Spp) , vegetables (9 Spp), medicinal (25 Spp), religious plants saved by Muslims (5 Spp) and Hindus (6 Spp), wild fruits (7 Spp), poisonous (8 Spp), tool making (6 Spp), condiments (4 Spp), brooming (3 Spp) and mud supported (2 Spp), thatching (6 Spp) and ornamental (5 Spp), while 24 species were recorded to have ethno veterinary medicine uses for the curing of different livestock ailments. A total of 9 medicinal plants were collected for commercial purposes and some handsome revenue was generated from their sale at local level. The study concluded that the area is rich in certain medicinal plants of commercial importance and possess great demand in the world market. They may contribute their share for the development of pharmaceutical industries in Pakistan and can become a source of sustainable income for the local community. Further study is, therefore, required to quantify the availability of species and to suggest new avenue for their conservation. Key words: Conservation, endangered, medicinal plants, ethno-botany, multipurpose plants.
Photochemistry and diffusion in Jupiter's stratosphere: Constraints from ISO observations and comparisons with other giant planets

[1] We have developed a one-dimensional, diurnally averaged, photochemical model for Jupiter's stratosphere that couples photodissociation, chemical kinetics, vertical diffusion, and radiative transport. The predictions regarding the abundances and vertical profiles of hydrocarbon compounds are compared with observations from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) to better constrain the atmospheric composition, to better define the eddy diffusion coefficient profile, and to better understand the chemical reaction schemes that produce and destroy the observed constituents. From model-data comparisons we determine that the C2H6 mole fraction on Jupiter is (4.0 ± 1.0) × 10−6 at 3.5 mbar and (2.7 ± 0.7) × 10−6 at 7 mbar, and the C2H2 mole fraction is (1.4 ± 0.8) × 10−6 at 0.25 mbar and (1.5 ± 0.4) × 10−7 at 2 mbar. The column densities of CH3C2H and C6H6 are (1.5 ± 0.4) × 1015 cm−2 and (8.0 ± 2) × 1014 cm−2, respectively, above 30 mbar. Using identical reaction lists, we also have developed photochemical models for Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Although the models provide good first-order predictions of hydrocarbon abundances on the giant planets, our current chemical reaction schemes do not reproduce the relative abundances of C2Hx hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbons like C2H4 and C2H2 appear to be converted to saturated hydrocarbons like C2H6 more effectively on Jupiter than on the other giant planets, more effectively than is predicted by the models. Further progress in our understanding of photochemistry at low temperatures and low pressures in hydrogen-dominated atmospheres hinges on the acquisition of high-quality kinetics data.
Design Principles for Lesson Study Practice: A Case Study for Developing and Refining Local Theory

The practice of Lesson study in the field of mathematics education is often restricted due to the assumptions of education theory and its impact on the teaching and learning practice. The paper discusses possible constructs and design principles that arise from such preconceptions of Lesson study. By incorporating these principles into the facilitation of Lesson study, a stronger community of practice can be established. As part of an undergraduate mathematics education methodology course’s content, two volunteer groups of students specialising in Grades 4 to 7 mathematics participated in the design and study of a research lesson. The aim was to determine how these students depict Lesson study in theory and practice through a-priori design principles, and how these principles led to the identifying of constructs that produced new principles that can inform the development of a (new) Local theory. The results indicate that the design principles produced constructs of metacognitive skills, metacognitive language and metacognitive networking that can be theorised. Recommendations follow on how Lesson study practice can be theorised about and facilitated through these design principles.
ICCEN 2014 : November 29-30 , Mauritius Dynamic Behaviour of Western Johore Peat , Malaysia

Most of the past researchers have conducted investigations on the dynamic loading of soft soils such as sand and clay but there are still lacks of information on discovering the behaviour of peat in terms of static and dynamic loadings. Hence, this paper presents the dynamic behaviour of Western Johore peat pertaining to four different effective stresses which are 13kPa, 25kPa, 50kPa and 100kPa by using 1Hz loading frequency. The main objectives of this study is to establish the shear modulus and damping characteristics of Parit Nipah peat and Pontian peat located in West Johore, Malaysia. The Index Properties test, Monotonic Triaxial test and Cyclic Triaxial Test have been performed to determine the parameters required by using one way loading and stress-controlled method. All tests were conducted in the laboratory in Research Centre of Soft Soil, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The analysis describes that the variation of shear modulus increase as the effective stresses increases from 200kPa to 1200kPa for PNpt and from 100kPa to 1150kPa for POpt. Meanwhile, the damping ratio shows a reduction when effective stresses increases from 0.25 to 0.03 for Parit Nipah peat. Besides, damping ratio of Pontian peat reduce from 0.30 to 0.05. For a better comprehension of the subject, further investigations on dynamic loading of peat soil required to critically identify the consequences on dynamic parameters. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society
Industry Rents, Skills and Experience in Germany and the U.S. - Does the Evidence Support the Insider-Outsider Theory?

Using an earnings function approach, the paper analyzes inter-industry wage differentials in Germany and the U.S. for the time period 1984 – 2001. In contrast to previous studies, we do not assume that the effect of experience on earnings is the same across industries. Following St.Paul (2004) we construct indicators of rents for different experience/ skill groups. Our results indicate that in general rents are higher in Germany relative to the U.S. In the United States the rents followed a declining trend for all groups considered. In Germany the rents have been going up over time or were stable. We argue that the Insider-Outsider theory implies that industry rents should increase with experience and skill level. However, the evidence is in discord with this view.
Coupled normal fluid and superfluid profiles of turbulent helium II in channels

We perform fully coupled two--dimensional numerical simulations of plane channel helium II counterflows with vortex--line density typical of experiments. The main features of our approach are the inclusion of the back reaction of the superfluid vortices on the normal fluid and the presence of solid boundaries. Despite the reduced dimensionality, our model is realistic enough to reproduce vortex density distributions across the channel recently calculated in three--dimensions. We focus on the coarse--grained superfluid and normal fluid velocity profiles, recovering the normal fluid profile recently observed employing a technique based on laser--induced fluorescence of metastable helium molecules.
Valuing a Multistate River: The Case of the River Murray

The River Murray and the Coorong in Australia have been in a state of decline. With the prospect of extended droughts and shifts in inflows due to climate change, difficult choices loom. The options include halting the decline, triage of some assets along the River or staying with the declining river system. To support decision-making, a survey was designed to elicit willingness to pay for improvements in environmental quality. Over 3000 Australians responded to this survey. The study focuses on key River Murray environmental quality indicators: the frequency of bird breeding along the River Murray, increasing native fish populations in the River Murray, increasing the area of healthy vegetation along the River Murray, and restoring water bird habitat in the Coorong. State/Territory models were jointly estimated using a panel multinomial logit error-components model. Willingness to pay estimates for improvements in environmental quality were calculated for the River Murray and the Coorong. Respondents were found to be willing to pay most for the Coorong and to improve waterbird breeding frequency. Respondents from the Australian Capital Territory were found to have significantly higher willingness to pay whereas those in Victoria had a significantly lower willingness to pay than respondents in other states.
University of Groningen Bullying Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders

This study examined: (a) the prevalence of bullying and victimization among adolescents with ASD, (b) whether they correctly perceived bullying and victimization, and (c) whether Theory of Mind (ToM) and bullying involvement were related to this perception. Data were collected among 230 adolescents with ASD attending special education schools. We found prevalence rates of bullying and victimization between 6 and 46%, with teachers reporting significantly higher rates than peers. Furthermore, adolescents who scored high on teacherand self-reported victimization were more likely to misinterpret non-bullying situations as bullying. The more often adolescents bullied, according to teachers and peers, and the less developed their ToM, the more they misinterpreted bullying situations as non-bullying. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Variability of Water Vapor, Infrared Radiative Cooling, and Atmospheric Instability for Deep Convection in the Equatorial Western Pacific

Abstract In the troposphere of the equatorial western Pacific, the water vapor variability dominates the temperature variability in changing the clear-sky infrared (IR) cooling rate. The large water vapor variability, especially its bimodal distribution at certain levels of the upper troposphere, leads to distinct structures of the clear-sky IR radiative cooling rate. The IR cooling rate, its maximum normally in the upper troposphere (∼300 hPa) and minimum in the lower troposphere (∼650 hPa), tends to become vertically uniform when the upper troposphere is abnormally dry. A local, maximum IR cooling rate may occur in the boundary layer when the lower troposphere becomes extraordinarily dry. The changes in IR cooling due to the water vapor variability affect the rate of generation of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the conditional instability for deep convection. Little or no mean rainfall over an area of roughly 3 × 105 km2 is observed when either the rate of generation of CAPE suffers fr.
Prevalence of zoonotic helminths in Italian house dogs.

INTRODUCTION Dogs may act as potential sources of zoonotic parasites, e.g. intestinal helminths like Toxocara spp. , Ancylostoma spp. , Echinococcus spp. In particular circumstances, the environment contaminated by parasitic elements represents a source of infection for people and animals. The present study has evaluated the presence of zoonotic helminths in house dogs from central and north-eastern Italy. METHODOLOGY Stool samples from 493 dogs were examined by a qualitative copromicroscopic technique and differences in prevalence of zoonotic parasites were statistically examined in relation to canine individual data. RESULTS 48/493 (9.7%) were positive for at least one parasite. Helminths recovered were Trichuris vulpis (5.5%), Toxocara canis (4.3%), Ancylostoma spp. (0.6%) and Eucoleus aerophilus (0.4%), while no cestodes were detected. Age and living with other dogs resulted risk factors for T. canis infection. CONCLUSIONS The health risk associated with the occurrence of parasitic nematodes in privately owned dogs, along with the current anthelmintic treatment plans, are discussed.
Corporate restructurings and the effect of ownership concentration on bond recovery rates : an empirical study of recovery rates in the Norwegian high yield bond market

This study examines the effect of ownership concentration on recovery rates for 112 defaulted high yield bonds issued by Norwegian firms. We find evidence suggesting that concentrated ownership in the hands of the firm’s largest owner negatively affects bond recovery for secured bonds. The effect is insignficant for unsecured bonds. This suggests that large shareholders reduce bond recovery rates by a transfer of value in the negotiation process during financial reorganizations. Large shareholders have greater incentive to use their bargaining power in negotiations, compared to small shareholders.
Efficiency of different strategies for the control of grey mold on grapes including gibberellic acid (Gibb3), leaf removal and/or botrycide treatments

Aim: The present work evaluated different strategies for the control of grey mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on wine grapes, including the use of the plant growth regulator Gibb3, leaf removal and/or botryticide treatments. The efficiency of the different control strategies (disease incidence and severity, yield) as well as the effect on the cluster structure was investigated.Methods and results: The trials were conducted in commercial vineyards in the Moselle Valley (Luxembourg) between the years 2007 and 2009, on the Pinot gris, Pinot blanc and Pinot noir grape varieties. The untreated control (T1) was compared to the following treatments : (T2) Gibb3, (T3) Gibb3 combined with leaf removal in the cluster zone after bloom, (T4) leaf removal after bloom combined with two times botryticides and (T5) Gibb3 combined with two times botryticides. The combination of Gibb3 with leaf removal or botryticide applications led to an efficiency level in grey mold reduction of around 60% and a decrease in cluster density when compared to the control. Moreover, we showed that the progression of grey mold disease was slowed down by the three treatments T3, T4 and T5.Conclusions: Gibberellic acid applied at full bloom as stand-alone treatment did not reduce in a significant way the compactness of the grape clusters and the impact on grey mold development was low. For a significant decrease of disease severity, gibberellic acid had to be combined with an additional measure, such as leaf removal or the use of botryticides. Based on its positive effect on cluster structure and microclimate, leaf removal can be recommended as a basic measure that can be further combined with an application of botryticides or gibberellic acid.Significance and impact of the study: All the tested strategies combining two measures have shown their potential to prolong the ripening period and therewith to improve wine quality. Moreover, the combined use of gibberellic acid and leaf removal represents a sustainable strategy for integrated viticulture due to its reduced input of organic-synthetic pesticides into the environment.
Enhancing learning outcomes through new e-textbooks: A desirable combination of presentation methods and concept maps

It is possible that e-textbook readers and tablet PC’s will become mainstream reading devices in the future. However, knowledge about instructional design in this field of learning sciences is inadequate. This study aimed to analyse how two factors, that is, presentation methods and concept maps, interact with cognitive load and learning outcomes when the contents of e-textbooks are compiled. Further, it endeavored to suggest an adequate logic of instructional design based on the findings. An empirical method was adopted, and 78 participants – either undergraduates or graduates in college – were recruited. Regarding the compilation of e-textbooks, the findings can be summarised as follows: (a) Providing concept maps not only reduces learners’ cognitive load but also enhances their learning outcomes of cognition, affection, and psychomotor performance. (b) Overall, video (V) is superior to text and diagram interaction (TDI) in terms of learning outcomes, and TDI is superior to text and diagram (T&D). Nevertheless, within the cognitive domain, learning outcomes produced by V are not necessarily superior to those produced by TDI. When learners are not provided with concept maps, TDI is superior to V in terms of learning outcomes. Conversely, if learners are provided with concept maps, V is superior to TDI.
Impact of Macroeconomic and Demographic Variables on the Stock Market: Evidence from Tunisian Crisis

This study aims to analyze the long-run as well as the short-run relationship between macroeconomic, demographic variables and the Tunisian stock market for the period subsequent to the financial crisis. Monthly data over the period 2008-2014 and ARDL model have been employed. Results indicate that the Tunisian stock market index, macroeconomic and demographic indicators are cointegrated and, therefore, a long-run relationship exists between them. The long-run coefficients suggest that budget deficit, inflation rate and number of unemployed graduates had a negative effect, otherwise, money supply and number of non-resident entries had positive effect on the Tunisian stock market. Moreover, results from the error correction model show that the Tunisian stock market index is influenced positively by money supply and second order difference of the number of unemployed graduated and negatively by first and second order difference of money supply, inflation rate, first order difference of number of non-resident entries and number of unemployment graduates.