Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREPARATION OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS: LESSONS FROM REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND TEACHER EDUCATION

Teachers’ mathematics knowledge has been known to have a significant impact on instructional practices. This paper discusses research on teachers’ mathematics knowledge. The paper has been summarised in five main areas: (a) the role of subject matter knowledge in teaching and learning, (b) teachers’ beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning, (c) beliefs and beliefs-in-practice: inconsistencies, (d) teacher education and its impact on instructional practices, and (e) future research on teachers’ mathematics knowledge. The review indicated that teachers are critical factors in the learning of mathematics and the extents of their content and pedagogical knowledge do determine students’ achievement. Also, the paper acceded to the view that, a teacher’s memories from the school years is a central influencing factor that affects its mathematics related beliefs, hence there is a need to enhance pre-service teachers’ positive attitude towards mathematics during training. The paper suggested further areas of research should look at: different theoretically-and empirically distinction in content knowledge for teaching and investigate their relationship, separately and in combination, to student achievement; whether mathematics teachers’ knowledge affects their lesson planning strategies and whether the provision of ‘mathematical knowledge for teaching’ by teacher training institutions improve pre-service teachers’ beliefs about mathematics and mathematics teaching. The paper concluded that, mathematics teacher education programme should provide pre-service teachers with awareness of conception of mathematics which may influence their teaching.
Herd mobility, markets and informal insurance practices among herders in Ethiopia

This paper examines portfolio of livelihood strategies that households employ in semi-arid and risky production environment. Results show that there are multiple choices available for pastoral and agropastoral herders to adapt to or cope with the changing conditions. These include herd mobility, relying on traditional early warning, informal asset transfer, livestock fattening (emergence of markets) and in some cases a complete shift from pastoralism. Moreover, the development of institutional arrangements to assist various forms of economic transaction that supported the flow of productive assets from less efficient to more efficient users emerged as herders tend to mix their strategies. The results imply the need to revise development strategies that erroneously perceive herding communities as homogenous groups. Interventions supporting sustainable livelihoods in pastoral areas emphasize supply of diverse packages in order to meet different demands. Key words: Mobility, markets, informal insurance, traditional institutions.
Integrating Narrative Therapy and Playback Theatre into a Drama Therapy Intervention for LGBT Adolescents

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents remain under-researched and underserved. These youth must face identity development in hostile environments and do not have the support systems afforded to their heterosexual peers. Their status as stigmatized minorities in a heterosexist culture creates and maintains multiple psychosocial problems for these people. Depression, suicide, low self-esteem, substance abuse, social rejection, and homelessness are common problems for LGBT adolescents. Despite these issues, therapy-training programs do not sufficiently address the special considerations for working with these people. This study aims to speak to this deficit by using a qualitative and theoretical approach to inform the design of a therapeutic intervention for LGBT youth. Drama therapists, narrative therapists, and playback theatre specialists with relevant experience were interviewed and the grounded theory method was used to collect and analyze the data. Through a narrative theoretical lens, a psychosocial needs theory emerged, which includes indications of how these needs might be addressed by each of the 3 therapeutic modalities. Drawing on the research, the strengths of each modality were examined to create an intervention for the populations. The research findings, grounded theory, proposed intervention, and future directions are discussed.
Addressing Endogeneity of Casino , Crime and Regional Economy : A Case of Las Vegas , Nevada

Addressing Endogeneity of Casino, Crime and Regional Economy: A Case of Las Vegas, Nevada by Wei Bao, Master of Science Utah State University, 2013 Major Professor: Dr. Man-Keun Kim Department: Applied Economics This paper presents an approach to investigate the statistical relationship among casino activities, crime rates and number of visitors in Las Vegas, NV. Numerous studies have attempted to answer the question whether casino gaming increases crime rates. Casino gaming is statistically correlated with more crimes when researchers use the reported crime rate, i.e., ratio of the number of crimes to local population. However, there is no statistical relationship between the two when researchers use the visitor adjusted crime rate (henceforth adjusted crime rate), i.e., ratio of the number of crimes to local population and visitors, in their analyses. Somewhat surprisingly, previous studies have failed to consider the endogeneity issue, i.e., coincidental impacts of casino activities and crimes. This paper addresses endogeneity among variables by estimating the impact of casino activities on crimes and also impact of crimes on casino activities. To deal with endogeneity, a system of three equations representing casino activities, the number of visitors, and visitor adjusted crime rates is estimated using three stage least squares.
Prototypes : exemplar based video representation

PROTOTYPES: EXEMPLAR BASED VIDEO REPRESENTATION Özge Yalçınkaya M.S. in Computer Engineering Advisor: Selim Aksoy June 2016 Recognition of actions from videos is a widely studied problem and there have been many solutions introduced over the years. Labeling of the training data that is required for classification has been an important bottleneck for scalability of these methods. On the other hand, utilization of large number of weakly-labeled web data continues to be a challenge due to the noisy content of the videos. In this study, we tackle the problem of eliminating irrelevant videos through pruning the collection and discovering the most representative elements. Motivated by the success of methods that discover the discriminative parts for image classification, we propose a novel video representation method that is based on selected distinctive exemplars. We call these discriminative exemplars as “prototypes” which are chosen from each action class separately to be representative for the class of interest. Then, we use these prototypes to describe the entire dataset. Following the traditional supervised classification methods and utilizing the available state-of-the-art low and deep-level features, we show that even with simple selection and representation methods, use of prototypes can increase the recognition performance. Moreover, by reducing the training data to the selected prototypes only, we show that less number of carefully selected examples could achieve the performance of a larger training data. In addition to prototypes, we explore the e↵ect of irrelevant data elimination in action recognition and give the experimental results which are comparable to or better than the state-of-the-art studies on benchmark video datasets UCF-101 and ActivityNet.
Sex and Gender Differences in College Students' Book Carrying Behavior

PSI CHI JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Summer 2007 Copyright 2007 by Psi Chi, The National Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 12, No. 2, 70–75 / ISSN 1089-4136). Carrying books is a daily activity that crosses sex, ethnic and national boundaries, which makes it a useful topic through which to examine behavioral differences found in human beings. It has been over 10 years since the last published research on book carrying patterns appeared (McKelvie, 1993). Because of this gap, one primary motivation of this study was to update important past findings in order to identify possible changes in carrying behavior that may have happened due to social changes over time. It is possible that these changes may reflect shifts in gender roles that have occurred. In our first study, we expanded research in this area by examining the relationship between book carrying styles, gender, and body shape. In our second study, we examined cultural and psychological factors that could influence behavior, such as acculturation, self-esteem, and gender identification. Jenni and Jenni (1976) pioneered the research on book carrying behavior. They observed people in all age groups, from children to adults over the course of 6 years and found that women carried books closer to their body (Type II, see bottom row of Figure 1), whereas men carried books at their side (Type I, see top row of Figure 1). They also found that these sex differences were present in countries other than the United States (Costa Rica and El Salvador). In the same year, Hanaway and Burghardt (1976) examined age and sex differences in book carrying behavior. They proposed that body size and physical strength might account for differences in carrying behaviors. However, neither variable made a statistically significant difference. Because book weight was not considered in Hanaway and Burghardt’s (1976) study, Spottswood SARAH M. SHERMAN
Metamict zircon from Mozambique

TORNROOS, RAGNAR, 1985: Metamict zircon from Mozambique. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 57, Part 1—2, 181 — 195. Metamict zircon from granite pegmatites of Zambézia, Mozambique has been studied by annealing, microprobe, X-ray diffraction, DT and TG analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The specimens are contaminated by epitaxially intergrown xenotime. It is presumed that the lanthanoides, occur in the xenotime phase and only sparsely in the zircon. Some U and Th are evenly distributed throughout the completely metamict parts of the zircon but elsewhere only in minor amounts. Around the metamict parts they build up their own uranium and thorium phases or occur as fracture fillings. Th prefers the xenotime phase and U the zircon.
The effects of palmvitee on δ-aminolevulinic acid-induced hyperbilirubinaemia in suckling rats

Introduction: Our previous study has shown that maternal administration of palmvitee reduced plasma total bilirubin in hyperbilirubinaemic rat neonates. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of palmvitee on hyperbilirubinaemia induced by δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in rat neonates. Material and methods: Sixty Wistar rat neonates were divided into two groups. One group was injected 30 mg palmvitee/kg body weight intraperitoneally once daily starting on day 1 through day 14 postnatal, while the other group was given olive oil (control). At day 14 postnatal, half of the sucklings from each group were induced with hyperbilirubinaemia, while the rest were given vehicle. Twenty-four hours after the induction, the neonates were sacrificed. Plasma total bilirubin, hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), UDPglucuronyltransferase (UGT) activity and vitamin E content were determined. Results: ALA administration increased plasma total bilirubin, but palmvitee pretreatment prevented this increase (0.16 ±0.03 vs. 0.32 ±0.01 mg/dl). ALA administration did not affect the hepatic UGT activity, but in the neonates given palmvitee, it was reduced significantly. ALA also did not influence hepatic TBARS content. However, the TBARS was lower in the palmvitee-treated groups. The neonatal hepatic vitamin E content was increased following palmvitee pretreatment. Conclusions: Palmvitee administration confers protective effect against hyperbilirubinaemia. However, this administration could lead to a decreased hepatic glucuronidation activity in the hyperbilirubinaemic rat neonates induced by ALA.
Movement of Indigenous Communities Targeting an Agro-Industrial Investment in North-Eastern Cambodia

This study examines the dynamics and outcomes of movements by indigenous communities that targeted an agro-industrial investment demanding remedy to adverse impacts on their socio-economic conditions. Since the employment of initial institutional tactics, such as peaceful protests and petitions, yielded no significant outcomes, the indigenous communities escalated their tactics to non-institutional tactics: Violent protests. To respond, the government chose a combination of partial repression and moderate concession. To address the government responses, as well as the demands of indigenous communities, the company mitigated most of the adverse socio-economic impacts. As a result, the indigenous communities were able to achieve most of their demands. This paper, therefore, concludes by arguing that tactical escalation of indigenous community movements from institutional to non-institutional tactics influences the government and company to address the demands of indigenous communities, and also shapes the behaviour of the company operating in a host country with lax and uncertain regulatory enforcement.
Linking Ethical Leadership and Employees’ In-Role Performance: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Psychological Capital and Follower-Leader Relational Capital

This study investigates the mediating impact of psychological capital and follower-leader relational capital on the relationship between ethical leadership and in-role performance through the lenses of social exchange theory, social information processing theory, and psychological resources theory. Analysis of data collected from a sample of 171 employees and 24 supervisors from Pakistan reveals that ethical leadership has a positive effect on followers’ in-role job performance, yet this effect is fully explained through the role of psychological capital and partially through follower-leader relational capital. Significant implications of these findings for further research and practice are discussed.
The Spitzer spectroscopic survey of S-type stars

Context. S-type AGB stars are thought to be in the transitional phase between M-type and C-type AGB stars. Because the composition of the circumstellar environment reflects the photospheric abundances, one may expect a strong influence of the stellar C/O ratio on the molecular chemistry and the mineralogy of the circumstellar dust. Aims. In this paper, we present a large sample of 87 intrinsic galactic S-type AGB stars, observed at infrared wavelengths with the Spitzer Space Telescope, and supplemented with ground-based optical data. Methods. On the one hand, we derive the stellar parameters from the optical spectroscopy and photometry, using a grid of model atmospheres. On the other, we decompose the infrared spectra to quantify the flux-contributions from the different dust species. Finally, we compare the independently determined stellar parameters and dust properties. Results. For the stars without significant dust emission features, we detect a strict relation between the presence of SiS absorption in the Spitzer spectra and the C/O ratio of the stellar atmosphere. These absorption bands can thus be used as an additional diagnostic for the C/O ratio. For stars with significant dust emission, we define three distinct groups, based on the relative contribution of certain dust species to the infrared flux. We find a strong link between group-membership and C/O ratio. Furthermore, we show that these groups can be explained by assuming that the dust-condensation can be cut short before silicates are produced, while the remaining free atoms and molecules can then be used to form the observed magnesium sulfides or the carriers of the unidentified 13 μm and 20 μm features. Finally, we present the detection of emission features attributed to molecules and dust characteristic to C-type stars, such as molecular SiS, hydrocarbons and magnesium sulfide grains. We show that we often detect magnesium sulfides together with molecular SiS and we propose that it is formed by a reaction of SiS molecules with Mg. © 2012 ESO.
When Swedes begin to learn German: from V2 to V2

This article investigates verb placement, especially Verb second (V2), in post-puberty second language (L2) learners of two closely related Germanic V2 languages: Swedish and German. Håkansson, et al. (2002) have adduced data from first language (L1) Swedish-speaking learners of German in support of the claim that the syntactic property of V2 never transfers from the L1 to L2 interlanguage grammars. Regardless of L1, learners are said to follow a hypothe-sized universal developmental path of L2 German verb placement, where V2 is mastered very late (only after Object–Verb, OV, has been acquired), if ever. Explanations include the notion of Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) being a more basic, ‘canonical’ word order (e.g. Clahsen and Muysken, 1986), so-called ‘vulnerability’ of the C-domain (Platzack, 2001), and ‘processability’, according to which SVX and Adv–SVX (i.e. V3) are easier to process (i.e. produce) than XVS (i.e. V2) (e.g. Pienemann, 1998). However, the empirical data comes exclusively from Swedes learning German as a third language, after substantial exposure to English. When these learners violate V2, syntactic transfer from English, a non-V2 language, cannot be ruled out. In order to control for this potential confound, I compare new oral production data from six adult Swedish ab initio learners of German, three with prior knowledge of English and three without. With an appropriate elicitation method, the informants can be shown to productively use non-subject-initial V2 in their German after four months of exposure, at a point when their interlanguage syntax elsewhere is non-targetlike (VO instead of OV). Informants who do not know English never violate V2 (0%), indicating transfer of V2-L1 syntax. Those with prior knowledge of English are less targetlike in their L3-German productions (45% V2 violations), indicating interference from non-V2 English. These results suggest that, contra Håkansson et al. (2002), learners do transfer the property of V2 from their L1, and that L2 knowledge of a non-V2 language (English) may obscure this V2 transfer. The findings also suggest that V2 is not difficult to acquire per se, and that V2 is not developmentally dependent on target headedness of the VP (German OV) having been acquired first.
Influence of soil chemical properties on relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in forested soils in Malaysia

The effect of soil chemical properties on the diversity and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) varies among ecosystems. This study was conducted to assess and compare the abundance of AM in a rehabilitated forest and a logged-over forest soil using the most probable number and spore number methods. Glomus (71.7%-82.1%) and Acaulospora (17.4%-19.5%) were found to be abundant in both sites, while Gigaspora was found only in the logged-over forest. The abundance of AM in the rehabilitated forest based on the spore count was significantly higher than in the logged-over forest by a 6-fold difference. Furthermore, root colonization in the rehabilitated forest was found to be almost 9-fold higher than in the logged-over forest. Such differences are linked to the soil chemical properties. The addition of organic matter during forest rehabilitation activity had created favorable conditions for AM sporulation. Soil P in both forests was positively related to the spore count (r > 0.68, P < 0.001) while the most probable number (MPN) was negatively influenced by soil K (r = -0.632, P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study showed that soil chemical properties have a direct effect on the abundance of AM.
HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH INSULATING SUPPORTS IN VERY LOW TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT

An appara tus is described t h a t is used to measure the hea t conduction through insulating supports of storage vessels for cryogenic liquids and presents the da t a obtained from the conduction measurements . Two types of supports were tested: (1) multiple-contact supports in the form of stacks of th in metallic plates or spirally wound strips, and (2) nonmetallic spheres. The high thermal resistance of the multiple-contact supports arises from the numerous relatively poor contacts between the individual plates. Some special t rea t ments of the plates were tried, and two of these, perforating and dusting, were found to be effective. Pyrex-glass spheres were also found to be excellent insulators, but , of course, are not as rugged as a s tack of metal plates. Of the unt rea ted plates tested, those of stainless steel (0.0008 inch thick) were found to be the best insulators per uni t length of stack. The hea t conduction through these plates, a t a load pressure of 1,000 pounds per square inch, was found to be 2 percent of the conduction by a solid sample of the same metal having the same dimensions.
Stratospheric Ozone Response in Experiments G3 and G4 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

Geoengineering with stratospheric sulfate aerosols has been proposed as a means of temporarily cooling the planet, alleviating some of the side effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, one of the known side effects of stratospheric injections of sulfate aerosols is a decrease in stratospheric ozone. Here we show results from two general circulation models and two coupled chemistry climate models that have simulated stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering as part of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). Changes in photolysis rates and upwelling of ozone-poor air in the tropics reduce stratospheric ozone, suppression of the NOx cycle increases stratospheric ozone, and an increase in available surfaces for heterogeneous chemistry modulates reductions in ozone. On average, the models show a factor 20-40 increase of the sulfate aerosol surface area density (SAD) at 50 hPa in the tropics with respect to unperturbed background conditions and a factor 3-10 increase at mid-high latitudes. The net effect for a tropical injection rate of 5 Tg SO2 per year is a decrease in globally averaged ozone by 1.1-2.1 DU in the years 2040-2050 for three models which include heterogeneous chemistry on the sulfate aerosol surfaces. GISS-E2-R, a fully coupled general circulation model, performed simulations with no heterogeneous chemistry and a smaller aerosol size; it showed a decrease in ozone by 9.7 DU. After the year 2050, suppression of the NOx cycle becomes more important than destruction of ozone by ClOx, causing an increase in total stratospheric ozone. Contribution of ozone changes in this experiment to radiative forcing is 0.23 W m-2 in GISS-E2-R and less than 0.1 W m-2 in the other three models. Polar ozone depletion, due to enhanced formation of both sulfate aerosol SAD and polar stratospheric clouds, results in an average 5 percent increase in calculated surface UV-B.
Immune enhancement assessment of dietry incorporated marine alga Sargassum wightii (Phaeophyceae/Punctariales) in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Crustacia/Penaeidae) through prophenoloxidase (proPO) systems

An experiment of 30 days duration was conducted to test the efficacy of the seaweed Sargassum wightii, as immunostimulant in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. The shrimps were fed with the experimental diets coated with different concentrations of the brown algae S. wightii viz. 10, 20 and 30 g/kg. They were challenged with a marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus to assess the increase in survival rate if any due to immune enhancement. Another group of shrimp was used for drawing the haemolymph to estimate the increase in the level of prophenoloxidase activity. Samplings for the above said analysis were carried out at regular intervals of 3 days viz. 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The highest prophenoloxidase activity (0.62) and the highest survival rate (83%) were recorded on the 12 day with the experimental diet (10 g/kg) . Hence the 10 g/kg of S. wightii added to the diet could be an eco-friendly and economically viable immunostimulant for penaeid shrimps.