Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standardized Versus Personalized Mobile Alcohol Approach Bias Measurement

Aims: The present study aims to compare the psychometric properties of the standardized with the personalized alcohol approach bias measurement of the Breindebaas app. Additionally, the associations with the number of personalized alcoholic stimuli will be exploratively researched. Method: Twenty-seven participants took part in a cross-sectional validity study. All participants individually completed an online questionnaire, and a standardized and a personalized alcohol approach bias measurement in the Breindebaas app. Eventually, the data of 14 participants was used in the analyses. Results: The correlation analysis between the two alcohol approach bias measurements was not significant. Also, the two alcohol approach bias measurements were not significantly positively correlated with the three self-report constructs. Next, there was no significant mean alcohol approach bias score difference between the two alcohol approach bias measurements. Furthermore, there were no significant associations between the number of personalized alcoholic stimuli and several participants’ demographic characteristics. Conclusions: This study indicated that a personalized approach to measure the alcohol approach bias, did not provide an added value to measure the alcohol approach bias. Also, the amount of personalization was not associated with relevant results. However, due to a number of reasons, no firm conclusions can be drawn from this study.
Using Instructional Coaching to Support Student Teacher-Cooperating Teacher Relationships

ABSTRACT This study examines the perceptions of relationship quality and satisfaction held by student teachers and their cooperating teachers within the context of an instructional coaching framework-focused student teaching experience. Cooperating teachers operated as instructional coaches who then provided turn-around training for other cooperating teachers. Independent sample t-tests compared perceptions of the student teaching experience for student teachers and their cooperating teachers with two levels of training as measured by the Coaching Relationship Questionnaire. The instructional coach-trained cooperating teacher group showed advanced psychosocial mentoring, dyad satisfaction and dyad similarity as compared to the turn-around-trained cooperating teacher. However, regardless of training level, positive perceptions of the student teaching experience were reported. Additionally, elements of the instructional coaching framework that were found to be beneficial to cooperating teachers serving as coaches for student teachers were examined in light of the outcomes of the questionnaire. Based on findings, a model of training for cooperating teachers is considered.
Developing Computational Methods for Detailed Assessment of Cavitation on Marine Propellers

Cavitation often brings negative effects, such as performance degradation, noise, vibration, and material damage, to a marine propulsion systems, but for optimum performance, cavitation is almost inevitable. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the understanding of cavitation in order to maximize the performance without encountering severe problems. Experimental tests can only provide limited information about this complex phenomenon. This thesis deals with improving numerical simulations methodologies that can offer a more complete picture of the cavitation process, making it possible to investigate the flow in more detail with some confidence, thus enabling an improved design. Numerical simulations of non-cavitating and cavitating flows are conducted using OpenFOAM. The flow is modelled using Implicit Large Eddy Simulation and considering the two phases, i.e. vapour and liquid, as a homogeneous mixture through a volume fraction transport equation method along with the Schnerr-Sauer mass transfer model. To avoid manual calibration of the mass transfer model coefficients, which may significantly affect both the accuracy and stability of the numerical predictions, an approach is suggested and tested to compute the mass transfer rate based on the flow local time scale during the solution procedure. Moreover, the saturation pressure is modified in order to take into account the shear stress effects on the liquid rupturing. To test the proposed modifications, several test cases consisting of 2D and 3D hydrofoils and model scale propellers are simulated and the results are compared with experimental data. Integral quantities, local pressure data, and cavitation extent are studied for both the non-cavitating and the cavitating flows. Furthermore, the computational set-up is tested by varying domain size, mesh type and resolution, numerical schemes, and mass transfer model coefficients. The overall results compare well with the available experimental data, provided the mesh resolution is sufficient. The proposed mass transfer model modifications give a considerably improved prediction of pressure distribution and cavity extent. Some results yield overpredicted cavitation, indicating discrepancies between the modelling approach and model scale experimental techniques.
Pragmatic Competence of Young Children in Persian: A Case Study of Thanking, Requesting and Apologizing

Effective communication requires pragmatic competence. Such competence involves the correct use of conversational norms and extends beyond the literal meanings of words and sentences. This paper examined the pragmatic competence of elementary school children who spoke Persian as their native language. It investigated three types of speech acts (Thanking, Requesting, and Apologizing) represented in young children’s performance (N=10) by answering to a discourse completion test (DCT) questionnaire. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that children like adults use different strategies of politeness in the form of both Face Enhancing Act (FEA) and Face Threatening Act (FTA). Positive direction strategies were adopted in the FEAs for thanking and apologizing, whilst negative direction strategies were embraced in FTAs for requesting. It was also shown that in some instances, children’s linguistic and pragmatic ability is immature. It was concluded that Persian young children like adults follow universal rules regarding the acquisition of pragmatic features, irrespective of the cultural or environmental contexts in which they embark on pragmatic rules. Implications of the study are also presented.
Putting "M" Back in Monetary Policy

Money demand and the stock of money have all but disappeared from monetary policy analyses. Remarkably, it is more common for empirical work on monetary policy to include commodity prices than to include money. This paper establishes and explores the empirical fact that whether money enters a model and how it enters matters for inferences about policy impacts. The way money is modeled significantly changes the size of output and inflation effects, and the degree of inertia that inflation exhibits following a policy shock. We offer a simple and conventional economic interpretation of these empirical facts.
Grounding and embodiment of concepts and meaning: a neurobiological perspective.

Abstract: Questioning the neural basis of embodiment, the authors propose a neurobiological perspective on the grounding and embodiment of concepts and meaning. A neuromechanistic approach to cognition is endorsed by referring to Hebb's concept of distributed neuronal circuits or cell assemblies. The authors' arguments are linked to the most recent neurobiological data showing that concrete and abstract concepts in language processing activate brain regions for action and perception, in agreement with the embodied theory of language processing and understanding. Empirical evidence is taken from neuroimaging studies but also from studies on neurodevelopmental pathology such as autism spectrum conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Emotion reactivity, emotion dysregulation, and non-suicidal self-injury among at-risk adolescents: A multiple mediation analysis

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as deliberate self-inflicted damage to bodily tissue without the intent to die. NSSI has been identified as a major health concern, as it is related to both poor psychosocial outcomes and increased suicide risk. NSSI is especially important to understand among adolescents, as age of onset is typically during adolescence and prevalence rates are highest among this age group. One of the most well-established correlates of NSSI is emotion dysregulation. While many studies have examined emotion dysregulation and its subcomponents in relation to self-injury, there has been far less work devoted to factors that may increase one’s likelihood of being emotionally dysregulated. Previous literature suggests that emotion dysregulation is strongly influenced by individual levels of emotion reactivity; however, no studies to date have assessed the combined effects of emotion reactivity and emotion dysregulation in terms of NSSI frequency. In addition, prior research suggests that the cognitive process of rumination may play a role in NSSI engagement. The current study sought to understand the relationships between emotion reactivity, distinct facets of emotion dysregulation, rumination, and NSSI among a sample of at-risk youth in a residential facility. Furthermore, a multiple mediation model was used to test which facets of emotion dysregulation serve as the most powerful mediators between emotion reactivity and NSSI frequency. Findings and implications are discussed.
Testing the deficient processing account of the spacing effect in second language vocabulary learning: Evidence from eye tracking

Abstract The spacing effect refers to the learning benefit that comes from separating repeated study of target items by time or by other items. A prominent proposed explanation for this effect states that repeated exposures that occur closely together may not engage full attentional processing due to residual activation of the previous exposure and also, in an intentional learning context, due to a sense of familiarity that may result in strategic allocation of less study time to an item in massed repetitions. The present study used eye-tracking methodology to investigate the effects of temporal distribution of repeated exposures to novel second language words on attentional processing and learning of these words under intentional learning instructions. Adult native speakers of English read Finnish words embedded in English sentence contexts under massed and spaced conditions. The results showed that (a) massed repeated exposures received less attentional processing than spaced repeated exposures; (b) target words were better remembered in the spaced condition; and (c) attention was a significant mediator of the obtained spacing effect, in line with the predictions of the deficient processing account of the spacing effect. Implications for vocabulary learning are discussed.
Long Run Effects of Universal Childcare on Personality Traits

Although universal childcare has become an essential tool to support child development, few economic studies analyze its effects on non-cognitive skills and little is known about causal effects on these skills in the long run. In this paper we go beyond short run analyses and examine the long run effects of one additional year of universal childcare on students’ personality traits in adolescence. We focus on personality traits as part of their non-cognitive skills set and as important predictors of later educational achievements. As of 1996, a legal entitlement to universal childcare applied to children of three years and older in Germany. However, severe shortages in the former-West meant that many children could not get a childcare place and had to wait a full year until the next entry date. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) we estimate effects of one additional year of childcare by exploiting geographical variation in the timing of childcare entry arising from local supply constraints. We find that an earlier entry in universal childcare increases extroversion in adolescence, which has been shown to be associated with favorable labor market outcomes.
Construction and Validation of the Quality of Maternity Leave Scales (QMLS)

Maternity leave is not federally guaranteed or paid in the United States. Although there has been an increase of women in the workforce, federal maternity leave policy has not changed since the adoption of the Family and Medical Leave Act in 1993. The subjective quality of this maternity leave is likely an important component of what mothers perceive to be decent work. However, no scholars have developed measurements examining mothers’ subjective experiences of the quality of their maternity leave. Therefore, the goal of the current research was to develop scales measuring six domains of quality of maternity leave: time off, flexibility, coworker support, discrimination, microaggressions, and benefits (e.g., pay, health care, disability insurance). In two studies with diverse samples of working, adult mothers, we provide evidence for the factor structure, validity, and internal consistency of the Quality of Maternity Leave Scales.
Violence and Abuse against Staff in the Emergency Department, a Descriptive Analysis of a Two-Centre Staff Survey

*Corresponding Author: Pourya Pouryahya MD, GC ClinEpi, CCPU, M Trauma, FACEM, Emergency Medicine Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Casey Hospital, Monash Health, Adjunct Lecturer, School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Monash university, Director of Emergency Medicine Research (DEMR), Casey hospital, Monash Health, 62-70 Kangan drive, Berwick, Victoria 3806, Australia. Tele: +61 (03) 8768 1869 Email: Pourya.Pouryahya@monashhealth.org, Pourya.Pouryahya@monash.edu Abstract
THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL HEAD LEADERSHIP ON PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY OF BASIC SCHOOL TEACHERS

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of principals' leadership on the professional competence of elementary school teachers. The type of research conducted was ex post facto with quantitative analysis. Data analysis using descriptive correlational techniques and analysis requirements with normality test and linearity test. Sedangkan uji hipotesis dengan korelasi product moment. The results of the study indicate that there is a strong relationship between the leadership of the principal and the professional competence of primary school teachers. While the R2 value of 0.536 explains that the principal's leadership will have an effect of 53.6% on the professional competence of elementary school teachers. Hypothesis test results obtained tcount of 6.175 > 1.694 which means Ha is accepted. Keywords: Leadership, School. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kompetensi profesional guru sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah ex post facto dengan analisis kuantitatif. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif korelasional dan persyaratan analisis dengan uji normalitas dan uji linieritas . Sedangkan uji hipotesis dengan korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang kuat antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dengan kompetensi profesional guru sekolah dasar Sedangkan nilai R2 sebesar 0,536 menjelaskan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah akan memberikan pengaruh sebesar 53,6% terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Sekolah Dasar. Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai thitung sebesar 6,175 > 1,694 yang berarti Ha diterima. Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Sekolah
Energy at the Crossroads: Global Perspectives and Uncertainties

In Energy at the Crossroads, Vaclav Smil considers the twenty-first century's crucial question: how to reconcile the modern world's unceasing demand for energy with the absolute necessity to preserve the integrity of the biosphere. With this book he offers a comprehensive, accessible guide to today's complex energy issues -- how to think clearly and logically about what is possible and what is desirable in our energy future. After a century of unprecedented production growth, technical innovation, and expanded consumption, the world faces a number of critical energy challenges arising from unequal resource distribution, changing demand patterns, and environmental limitations. The fundamental message of Energy at the Crossroads is that our dependence on fossil fuels must be reduced not because of any imminent resource shortages but because the widespread burning of oil, coal, and natural gas damages the biosphere and presents increasing economic and security problems as the world relies on more expensive supplies and Middle Eastern crude oil. Smil begins with an overview of the twentieth century's long-term trends and achievements in energy production. He then discusses energy prices, the real cost of energy, and "energy linkages" -- the effect energy issues have on the economy, on quality of life, on the environment, and in wartime. He discusses the pitfalls of forecasting, giving many examples of failed predictions and showing that unexpected events can disprove complex models. And he examines the pros and cons not only of fossil fuels but also of alternative fuels such as hydroenergy, biomass energy, wind power, and solar power. Finally, he considers the future, focusing on what really matters, what works, what is realistic, and which outcomes are most desirable.
The Relationship between Self-Compassion, Religion, Gender, and Objectified Body Consciousness in Christian Nazarene Women

Body shame and objectification of the female body are well known contributing factors in physical and mental health issues including high stress, eating disorder symptomatology, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Religion plays a role in body shame and female objectification through both scripture and theological writings although this relationship remains inconclusive. Self-Compassion has been found to be a mitigating factor with regard to body shame in college and caregiver contexts. The Church of the Nazarene promotes itself as supporting female leadership and roles within the church. Since religion and gender roles seem to play a role in body shame and body shame impacts physical and mental well-being, the purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between body shame, gender roles, religiosity, and self-compassion among female members of the Church of the Nazarene. Results of this study indicate that self-compassion is a significant predictor of body shame, as well as control beliefs and body surveillance. The only significant variable in religious identification was OBJECTIFIED BODY CONSCIOUSNESS AND NAZARENE WOMEN iv non-organizational religiousness, which had a significant relationship with control beliefs and body surveillance. Gender norms were found to have a small significant predictive relationship with body shame. Self-compassion helps with all aspects of objectified body consciousness and therefore may be considered as a focus of intervention. However, religiosity and gender norms did not have a strong relationship with Objectified Body Consciousness. Theological perspectives were not evaluated within this study, and could be a focus of further study with regard to self-compassion.
Synthetic data: an endogeneity simulation

This paper uses synthetic data and different scenarios to test treatments for endogeneity problems under different parameter settings. The model uses initial conditions and provides the solution for a hypothetical equation system with an embedded endogeneity problem. The behavioral and statistical assumptions are underlined as they are used through this research. A methodology is proposed for constructing and computing simulation scenarios. The econometric modeling of the scenarios is developed accordingly with the feedback obtained from previous scenarios. The inputs for these scenarios are synthetic data, which are constructed using random number machines and/or Monte Carlo simulations. The outputs of the scenarios are the model estimators. The research results demonstrated that a treatment for endogeneity can be developed as the sample size increases.
Examining the health and well-being experiences of singers in popular music

This study investigated the health and well-being experiences of professional singers in popular music. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of semi-structured interviews with five professional singers identified three main themes: (1) mental and physical experiences of health and support, (2) positive musical experiences and (3) barriers to health and well-being. Participants perceived health as important to their careers and viewed it as both physical and mental in nature. The singers relied on family and industry peers for support, whilst experiencing mental health challenges and physical health problems in the context of an emotionally intense landscape. Positive musical experiences involved the self-expression of songwriting, live music performance and relationships with fans, and barriers to health and well-being included touring, commercial challenges and a perceived lack of support. The findings suggest a need for increased awareness and understanding of the challenges faced by singers in popular music.
Who Enrolls in High School Music? A National Profile of U.S. Students, 2009–2013

The purpose of this study is to construct a complete demographic profile of high school music ensemble students using nationally representative data for the U.S. graduating high school class of 2013. We make use of restricted-use data from the National Center for Education Statistics High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS). Results showed that 24% of the class of 2013 enrolled in at least one year of a course in band, choir, or orchestra at some point during high school. Music students were 60% female and 40% male, and the racial/ethnic composition of music ensemble students was 58% White, 13% Black or African American, 17% Hispanic or Latino, 4% Asian or Pacific Islander, 8% two or more races, and under 1% American Indian or Alaska Native. Students from the highest socioeconomic status quintiles were overrepresented among music students. Fully 61% of music ensemble students participated in some form of arts activity outside of school, and 71% of music students attended a play, concert, or live show with their parents as ninth graders. Complete results presented in the article include disaggregated profiles by type of ensemble and a multivariate logistic regression analysis.