Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DGT-TM: A freely available Translation Memory in 22 languages

The European Commission's (EC) Directorate General for Translation, together with the EC's Joint Research Centre, is making available a large translation memory (TM; i.e. sentences and their professionally produced translations) covering twenty-two official European Union (EU) languages and their 231 language pairs. Such a resource is typically used by translation professionals in combination with TM software to improve speed and consistency of their translations. However, this resource has also many uses for translation studies and for language technology applications, including Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), terminology extraction, Named Entity Recognition (NER), multilingual classification and clustering, and many more. In this reference paper for DGT-TM, we introduce this new resource, provide statistics regarding its size, and explain how it was produced and how to use it.
Profiling the segments of senior tourists throughout motivation and travel characteristics

Interest in tourism market segmentation of seniors has been increasing in recent years as the tourism industry has begun to be aware of their importance for the sector. This is a very heterogeneous group, with greater purchasing power and lifestyle-oriented entertainment and enjoyment of leisure time by performing travel than previous generations. This study strives to contribute towards the hitherto scarce research on segmentation in senior tourism. Specifically, this work aims to determine the existence of various profiles of senior tourism by means of using socio-demographic variables, motivation and characteristics of travel of seniors. For this, two complementary analysis techniques, the nonlinear canonical correlation (OVERALS) and a two-stage cluster analysis, were used. Five market segments were identified according to the behavioural variables analysed that allow marketers to target this group in the most convenient manner and to exploit new market opportunities.
Affective Disorder in Mothers of Young Children

Summary This research assessed the rate of affective disorder in 124 mothers of preschool children, which was found to be lower than in earlier studies, i.e. twelve per cent during the child-rearing years, and eight per cent in the year before interview. In half of those mothers who had an affective episode during the child-rearing years, its onset had predated the birth of the first child. We investigated sociodemographic and social support variables in relation to clinical and subclinical disturbance and found only modest associations. The apparent discrepancy between the present findings and those of previous research is discussed in relation to environmental and methodological factors.
The nature of the client‐personal business advisor relationship within Business Link

The paper reports upon the findings of a national survey of Personal Business Advisors (PBAs). It examines the nature of the client‐PBA relationship in terms of how relationships are established with growth firms and how they are maintained over the long term. Results show that a range of different approaches are currently used to identify growth businesses. Other findings indicate that the current role of the PBA is a broad one, extending beyond the client focus originally envisaged by the DTI. It is argued that financial targets are an important influence upon the nature of the client‐PBA relationship.
Characterization of an Exceedingly Active NADH Oxidase from the Anaerobic Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga maritima

ABSTRACT An NADH oxidase from the anaerobic hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima was purified. The enzyme was very active in catalyzing the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide with an optimal pH value of 7 at 80°C. The Vmax was 230 ± 14 μmol/min/mg (k cat/Km = 548,000 min−1 mM−1), and the Km values for NADH and oxygen were 42 ± 3 and 43 ± 4 μM, respectively. The NADH oxidase was a heterodimeric flavoprotein with two subunits with molecular masses of 54 kDa and 46 kDa. Its gene sequences were identified, and the enzyme might represent a new type of NADH oxidase in anaerobes. An NADH-dependent peroxidase with a specific activity of 0.1 U/mg was also present in the cell extract of T. maritima.
Fostering Computational Thinking in Secondary School through Music - An Educational Experience based on Google Blockly

We propose a methodology especially conceived to exploit the musical media in order to vehiculate some aspects in the realm of computational thinking to pupils of the lower secondary school (6th to 8th grades). The related activities are based on a visual programming language whose execution generates a melody shown using both its traditionally-notated musical score and its audio reproduction. This language provides the basic programming tools, such as simple and structured variables, iterations and so on. The learning activities are based on challenging small groups of students to solve programming exercises of increasing difficulty.
Review of Research: The Education System in Finland: A Success Story Other Countries Can Emulate

I the new millennium, Finland has gained a reputation for having one of the best education systems in the world. Many factors, including a well-educated teaching force, contribute to Finland’s success, but some aspects of the country’s educational policies and practices may be surprising to those living elsewhere. For example, although students score very highly on international tests, such as the PISA, Finland has very few external accountability measures, and teachers spend less time in classrooms than in many other countries. The ways Finland has reformed its education system have significant implications for reformers in other countries, especially those facing the same problems Finland had before its remarkable success. To achieve its status as one of the highest ranking countries in education, Finland did not create charter schools, get rid of bad teachers, increase competition, or ban teacher unions (Sahlberg, 2011a). This article explores the current research on Finland’s education system and focuses on the features that transformed the country into one of the highest-performing nations in international testing.
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on the gradient for venous return.

The major mechanism whereby positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) decreases cardiac output is believed to be a decrease in the pressure gradient for venous return. However, although PEEP increases right atrial pressure (PRA), It may also elevate mean systemic pressure (PMS), the static circulatory filling pressure that is the upstream pressure for venous return. In an intact canine preparation, we studied the effects of 15 cm H2O PEEP on cardiac output, PRA, and PMS (the equilibrium PRA during ventricular fibrillation). To examine the role of neurovascular reflexes, PEEP was applied before and after either carotid sinus and vagal denervation (CSV) or total spinal anesthesia with arterial pressure restored by epinephrine infusion (SAE). To examine the effects of PEEP-induced elevations of abdominal pressure, the abdomen was bound or widely opened and the abdominal contents exteriorized. With reflexes intact, neither binding nor opening the abdomen altered the rise in PMS during PEEP. CSV attenuated the rise in Pms by 17% (Control, 4.89 +/- 0.3 SE; CSV, 4.04 +/- 0.22 mmHg; p less than 0.01), and SAE attenuated it by 49% (Control, 4.21 +/- 0.27; SAE, 2.14 +/- 0.31 mmHg; p less than 0.00005). After either CSV or SAE, the rise in Pms was not affected by binding. PEEP decreased (Pms-PRA) only when the abdomen was bound because of a greater rise in PRA, or during SAE because of a lesser rise in Pms. Under control conditions, PEEP increased Pms and PRA equally [(PRA-Pms) = 3.89 +/- 0.26 without PEEP versus 4.13 +/- 0.29 mm Hg with PEEP]. We conclude that PEEP increases Pms by both reflex and mechanical means independent of increased abdominal pressure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integration in large, related M&As: linkages between contextual factors, integration approaches and process dimensions

The purpose of our study is to examine differences in contextual factors and process dimensions across three integration approaches used in large, related M&As – absorption, symbiotic and transformation. Absorption and symbiosis are commonly documented in M&A process literature and transformation, while emphasised less in existing M&A studies, appears to be widely utilised in large, related M&As. Using a unique co-plotting technique, we find that the existence of several contextual factors which influence the potential for resource combinations and use of multiple process dimensions which facilitate actual resource combinations during the implementation stage differ significantly depending upon the integration approach used by the combined firm. Moreover, our study adds to growing literature on the M&A process by providing systematic evidence of the important linkages between integration approaches, pre-existing contextual factors and process activities.
Analytical pricing of the smile in a forward LIBOR market model

We introduce a general class of analytically tractable diffusions for modelling forward LIBOR rates under their canonical measure. The class, which is based on assuming a smooth functional dependence at expiry between a forward rate and an associated Brownian motion, is highly tractable. It implies explicit dynamics, known marginal and transition densities and explicit caplet prices at any time. As an example, we analyse the dynamics given by a linear combination of geometric Brownian motions with perfectly correlated (decorrelated) returns. We finally construct a specific model in the class that reproduces exactly the market caplet volatilities given in input. Examples of the implied-volatility curves produced by the considered models are also shown.
Computational general equilibrium models in economic history and an analysis of British capitalist agriculture

A general equilibrium arbitrated by prices arising from consumers and firms interacting in markets is a core idea in economic analysis and provides powerful insight into many historical issues. Modern computational models permit investigators to exploit the insights of general equilibrium. This article outlines the ideas of general equilibrium and of computational general equilibrium models. In the process, strengths and limitations are discussed. The discussion is given focus by using the Harley-Crafts model as its focus and explores briefly the consequences of changing the allocation principals in the agricultural sector of the model from a capitalist arrangement to a peasant arrangement.
Australias Integration Into The ASEAN-5 Region

This paper attempts to evaluate the time-varying integration of Australian stock market in ASEAN-5 region (ASEAN + Australia, Korea, China, India and Japan) by using a conditional version of the international capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) allowing for dynamic changes in the degree of market integration, regional market risk price, currency risk price and domestic market risk price. Main findings are as follows: i) the prices of risk in Australia are extremely sensitive to major international economic and political events such as the different monetary and financial crises in international financial market; ii) the level of market openness and development of the stock market satisfactorily explain the time-varying degree of Australian stock integration.
Discipline and theory in higher education research

Higher education research is, by its nature, rather an introspective field of study. It is also highly dispersed within and beyond the academy: inherently, therefore, it is a multidisciplinary field of study. An analysis of 567 articles published in 15 leading higher education journals in 2010 demonstrates both the breadth of interest in higher education research across the academy, and variations between disciplines in the themes researched, the methods and methodologies employed and the theoretical perspectives applied. Examples of theoretical perspectives drawn from different disciplines and/or developed within higher education research, and applied to researching particular topics, are identified and discussed. It is concluded that the field is both healthy and growing, though, in most countries, it lacks a strong or disciplinary identity.
Student Perceptions of Dual-listed Courses

Academic departments regularly offer dual-listed courses in which one course has two course numbers, yet are taught in the same place, at the same time, by a single instructor, and in one department to undergraduate and graduate students. While universities discourage their use by subjecting such courses to more rigorous approval processes, academic departments often offer these courses to solve logistic and resource concerns. Little empirical research has examined students’ perceptions of dual listed courses. This pilot study presents quantitative and qualitative findings (n = 781) of a survey sent to students enrolled at a Midwestern, land-grant University. The findings reveal that students perceive many benefits of dual-listed courses. Undergraduate students benefitted from exposure to graduate school expectations through interaction with graduate students. Graduate students benefitted from refreshing their knowledge of basic material and learning how to structure undergraduate courses for their future academic careers. Recommendations for improving dual-listed courses are provided.
EFFECT OF STATINS ON NORMAL AND GLUCOSE INDUCED CATARACT IN GOAT LENS Research Article

Background of the work: Cataract, a condition in which the lens becomes opacified, is one of the major complications of diabetes. Oxidative damage by the free radicals has been implicated in the pathology of cataractogenesis. Diabetes with dyslipidemia is a common finding where statins have clearly established their role as 1st Objectives: To study the effects of various statins on normal and glucose induced cataract in an in vitro model of goat lens. line drugs. Methodology and Techniques: Goat lenses obtained from local slaughterhouse were incubated in artificial aqueous humour containing 5.5 mM of glucose or 55 mM of glucose (cataractogenesis) with statins in different concentrations at room temperature for 72 hrs. Opacification of lens was assessed by counting the no. of clear squares when placed over a graph paper before and after 72 hrs of incubation. Biochemical parameters like cholesterol and MDA levels of lens homogenate were estimated. All the data relating to biochemical parameters were compared using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnet’s test. Results: Glucose induced opacification of lens started 12 hrs post incubation and was completely opacified in 72hrs. Cataractous lenses showed higher MDA levels (p<0.01). Lenses treated with Atorvastatin or Simvastatin in concentrations of 15 and 60ng/ml prevented formation and progression of cataract by glucose as evidenced by biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The anticataract activity of statins may be because of the antioxidant activity as evidenced by lower MDA levels in treated lenses.
Reconciling Micro and Macro Labor Supply Elasticities: A Structural Perspective

The response of aggregate labor supply to various changes in the economic environment is central to many economic issues, including the optimal design of tax policies. Whereas the earlier literature often concluded that aggregate labor supply elasticities were small, we argue that recent work using structural models and micro data credibly supports large aggregate elasticities. We focus on three issues. First, earlier analyses abstracted from several key features, including human capital accumulation, that severely negatively biased estimates of a key preference parameter. Second, failure to understand that aggregate labor supply adjustments can occur along both the hours per worker and employment margins has led economists to misinterpret the implications of preference parameters for aggregate labor supply. Third, structural estimation of models that feature choice along the extensive margin using micro data typically finds large responses.
Shackling Short Sellers: The 2008 Shorting Ban

In September 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) temporarily banned most short sales in nearly 1,000 financial stocks. We examine the ban's effect on market quality, shorting activity, the aggressiveness of short sellers, and stock prices. The ban's effects are concentrated in larger stocks; there is little effect on firms in the lower half of the size distribution. Although shorting activity drops by about 77% in large-cap stocks, stock prices appear unaffected by the ban. All but the smallest quartile of firms subject to the ban suffer a severe degradation in market quality. The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Accuracy of International Interest Rate Forecasts

This study exploits a unique data source with contemporaneous forecasts of three-month Euromarket interest rates for five different countries. Professional forecasts are explored in a way that avoids two limitations of previous research. First, rather than being restricted to just U.S. interest rates, data are used for five different countries: the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Switzerland. Second, the study relies upon data gathered on a single date, rather than over a period of weeks. Consensus forecasts are evaluated against two naive models: a no-change model and a forward rate forecast. In general, the consensus forecasts prove superior to the no-change forecast. The consensus measures, though, are found to be inferior to the forward rate forecast. This is true even considering the dramatic success of the banks in forecasting U.S. rates in this period. However, if the spectacular, and perhaps uniquely successful U.S. results are excluded from consideration, the banks proved dramatically inferior to the forward rate of interest in forecasting interest rates. Thus, the ability of these banks to forecast three-month interest rates for these five countries exceeds that of a no-change forecast, but falls below the forecasting ability of the forward rate.
Reshaping public space? Devolution and policy change in British early childhood education and care

Abstract Devolution has reshaped the ‘public space(s)’ within which policy is made in the UK, but with sometimes unexpected and paradoxical results. Focusing on the case of early childhood education and care provision, which has experienced a remarkable expansion in provision across the UK in recent years, this article analyses the impact of devolution on public policymaking. The ‘public space’ concept provides a framework within which the influence on early childhood education and care provision of various public and private structures and actors is assessed. Within this framework the article addresses ‘unexpected’ patterns of policy development. These include: the apparently greater policy innovation of the Welsh Assembly Government compared to the formally more powerful Scottish Executive and the seemingly expansive ambitions of the UK/English government in early years policy compared to that in the traditionally more ‘radical’ or ‘social democratic’ nations of Scotland and Wales. The latter of these ‘paradoxes’ is partly explained by the general structure and historical form of the devolution ‘settlement’; the former owes more to constraints on the Scottish Executive rooted in the way the ‘space’ for early years policy was occupied before devolution.
Microhaematuria and Proteinuria Performance as a Measured by Urine Reagent Strips in Estimating Intensity and Prevalence of Schistosomahaematobium Infection in Nigeria

Microhaematuria and proteinuria as measured by urine reagent strips are widely used to screen population at high risk o f urinary schistosomiasis. This investigation was conducted to assess, if microhaematuria and proteinuria as measured by reagent strips could estimate intensity of Schistosomahaematobium infection in endemic areas and evaluate their screening performance among children in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 1,124 urine samp les were collected, screened for microhaematuria and proteinuria using reagent strips (Co mbi 9) and co mpared to filtration technique the gold standard method. A significant correlation was observed between microhaematuria (rho= 0.66, p<0.01), proteinuria (rho = 0.71, p<0.01) and intensity of Schistosomahaematobium eggs. Proteinuria had sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 67.7%, while microhaematuria had sensitivity of 64.8% and specificity of 89.6%. The proportion of false positive diagnoses was higher in proteinuria (19.6%) than microhaematuria (6.0%). The find ings suggest that use of urine reagent strips could potentially estimate intensity of Schistosomahaematobium infection and their performance to screen urinary schistosomiasis agreed with previous observations.
Percutaneous drainage of postoperative pericardial effusion in cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Postoperative pericardial effusion is frequent and can be complicated by cardiac tamponade. Although the different drainage techniques are well described in the setting of medical effusion, there is not a standard postoperative effusion treatment. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the percutaneous pericardial drainage. METHODS This a retrospective study involving 197 patients from 1990 to 2008. Drainage was performed by subxiphoid puncture (91.9%) or left parasternal puncture (8.1%) between 3 and 690 days following a cardiac procedure via median sternotomy. Effusion thickness was at least 10 mm in the subcostal echocardiography view. RESULTS No deaths directly related to the procedure were observed. Complete and enduring drainage was achieved in 158 patients (80.2%). The procedure failed for 22 patients (11.2%) because no fluid was drained in 14 cases (7.1%) and a right ventricular puncture in 8 cases (4.1%). Recurrence of the effusion, which occurred for 17 patients (8.6%), was more frequent if an effusion of more than 5 mm persisted after the first drainage (P = 0.024) and if the drainage was performed outside the operating room because of emergency (P = 0.046). Risk factors for mortality were recurrence of the effusion (P = 0.04) and drainage performed outside the operating room (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous pericardial drainage is effective to treat postoperative pericardial effusion. When the effusion is thicker than 10 mm and accessible, it can be the initial strategy and surgical drainage can serve as an alternate strategy in case of failure and complications of this procedure.
Coping With Floods: The Land Use Management Paradox

Abstract This paper examines the performance of land use management programs in protecting flood plains from urban encroachment and protecting future urban development from flood damage. A land use management paradox is illustrated: factors which stimulate the adoption of flood plain land use management programs also stimulate encroachment on the hazard area, which in turn limits program effectiveness. Nevertheless, it is shown that if local conditions—particularly the extent of existing flood plain development and relative availability of hazard-free sites for future growth—are considered in selecting land use management measures, effective programs can be devised. The implications of these findings for state and federal policy in flood-hazard management are also discussed.