Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptions of giftedness and expertise put to the empirical test

Recent handbooks of giftedness or expertise propose a plethora of conceptions on the development of excellent performance but, to our knowledge, there are no comparative studies that provide empirical evidence of their validity to guide researchers and practitioners in their adoption of a particular conception. This study sought to close that gap by conducting an empirical comparison of the major approaches to giftedness and expertise currently in use: the IQ model, the performance model, the moderator model, and the systemic model. The four models were tested in a longitudinal study with a sample of N = 350 German students attending university preparatory schools; 25% of the sample had been assigned to special classes for the gifted. The construct and predictive validity of the four models were tested by means of structural equation modeling. Theoretical considerations along with our results indicated a differentiation among the models whereby some could only predict while others could also explain the emergence of excellent performance and thereby yield valuable information for the design of interventions. The empirical comparison of the approaches showed that they were unequally suited for the two challenges. For prediction purposes, the performance approach proved best while, for explanations, the moderator and systemic approaches were the most promising candidates. Even so, the latter did demonstrate conceptual and/or methodological problems. The IQ approach was superseded by the other approaches on both prediction and explanation. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
Current global food production is sufficient to meet human nutritional needs in 2050 provided there is radical societal adaptation

We present a quantitative analysis of global and regional food supply to reveal the flows of calories, protein and the micro-nutrients vitamin A, iron and zinc, from production through to human consumption and other end points. We quantify the extent to which reductions in the amount of human-edible crops fed to animals and, less importantly, reductions in waste, could increase food supply. The current production of crops is sufficient to provide enough food for the projected global population of 9.7 billion in 2050, although very significant changes to the socio-economic conditions of many (ensuring access to the global food supply) and radical changes to the dietary choices of most (replacing most meat and dairy with plant-based alternatives, and greater acceptance of human-edible crops currently fed to animals, especially maize, as directly-consumed human food) would be required. Under all scenarios, the scope for biofuel production is limited. Our analysis finds no nutritional case for feeding human-edible crops to animals, which reduces calorie and protein supplies. If society continues on a ‘business-as-usual’ dietary trajectory, a 119% increase in edible crops grown will be required by 2050.
The Medical Evaluation of the Newly Resettled Female Refugee: A Narrative
 Review

The number of forcibly displaced individuals worldwide is increasing each year, reaching 65 million persons by the end of 2015, half of which were women and children. As the population of displaced persons grows, it is every physician’s responsibility to understand these patients and their health needs. Refugee patients and the providers who care for them face many barriers to effective patient care, including language barriers, cultural differences, and systematic inequalities. Female refugees commonly experience gender-based violence, repetitive trauma, stigmatized mental illness, and cultural barriers to women’s healthcare. This review is intended to be a comprehensive guide for the provider caring for the recently resettled female refugee patient. It addresses general considerations for working with refugee patients, initial medical evaluation guidelines, specific women’s health issues, and mental health care of female refugee patients. DOI: 10.18297/rgh/vol1/iss2/5 Website: https://ir.library. louisville.edu/rgh Received Date: September 12, 2017 Accepted Date: April 3, 2018 Affiliations: 1Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 2Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA *Correspondence To: Anne Duckles (1) or Aba Barden-Maja M.D., M.S. (2) Work Address: (1) Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104; (2) M.S. Department of Medicine, Penn Center for Primary Care, MAB Suite 102, 3801 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Work Email: (1) aduckles@mail.med.upenn.edu; (2) aba.barden-maja@uphs.upenn.edu Phone: (1) (585) 880-8435; (2) (215) 662-9990
Testing Okun's Law with Swiss Industry Data

Okun’s law postulates a stable relationship between quarterly output growth and changes in (un)employment. This proposition has so far been tested with macroeconomic data at the highest level of aggregation. The article goes beyond that in extending the analysis to industry data from Switzerland, applying a method suggested by the International Monetary Fund. Another focus is on whether expansions in production have become more ‘jobless’ over the most recent business cycle compared to earlier ones. This does not seem to be the case in Switzerland, except in the construction industry.
ff ects of fl ooding on phosphorus and iron mobilization in highly weathered soils under di ff erent land-use types : Short-term e ff ects and mechanisms

The strong affinity of phosphorus (P) to iron (Fe) oxides and hydroxides in highly weathered tropical soils limits P availability and therefore plant productivity in tropics. In flooded soils, however, P fixed by Fe oxides and hydroxides can be released into more available forms because of Fe reduction to Fe. These P dynamics in flooded soils are well documented for rice paddies. Such effects are much less studied in other land-use types influenced by seasonal flooding, especially in the tropics during heavy monsoon rains. The aim of this study was to investigate the P mobilization during flooding leading to anaerobic conditions in topsoil and subsoil depending on land-use type. Samples were collected in highly weathered Acrisols from four replicate sites under natural rainforest, jungle rubber, rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Topsoil and subsoil were taken to ensure a wide range of soil organic matter (SOM) and P contents. Soils were incubated under anaerobic, flooded conditions at 30 ± 1 °C for 60 days. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that soil flooding mobilizes P and increases P availability. Two distinct and opposite periods were observed during the flooding. During the first three weeks of flooding, the dissolved P (DP) concentration peaked, simultaneously with the peak of dissolved Fe (DFe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). After three weeks, P availability in soils decreased, although Fe-P (PNaOH) and available P (PNaHCO3) did not reach the initial, pre-flooding levels. The impacts of flooding on P and Fe forms was strong in the topsoil, where P dissolution and availability were generally higher under forest and, to a lesser extent, under jungle rubber. A positive correlation between DOC and DFe (R = 0.42) in topsoil indicates that the intensity of microbially-mediated Fe reduction is limited by the amount of available carbon (C) as an energy source for microorganisms and as electron donor. Microbial mineralization of organic P from SOM also increases P availability, and this process requires available C. This interpretation was supported by the strong correlation (R = 0.58) between available P and DOC, as well as between DP and DOC (R = 0.56) in topsoil. The increasing pH in topsoil and subsoil after flooding of all landuse types may also influence the P release over time. In summary, the increase of available P and DP during flooding is due to three main mechanisms: (1) P release via the microbially-mediated reductive dissolution of Fe oxides; (2) P release during SOM mineralization and (3) solubility of Fe phosphate due to increasing pH. These mechanisms are relevant not only in riparian areas, where flooding occurs, but also in soils waterlogged after regular heavy rainfalls during the wet season. Therefore, we speculate that the P turnover is faster in compacted soils under plantations because of regular changes of oxic and anoxic conditions. Consequently, more P is pumped by the vegetation and then removed from plantations due to yield export.
Positive streamer initiation from raindrops in thundercloud fields

The threshold field for the electric gas discharge in air is ≈26 kVcm−1atm−1, yet the maximum field measured (from balloons) is ≈3 kVcm−1atm−1. The question of how lightning is stimulated is therefore one of the outstanding problems in atmospheric electricity. According to the popular idea first suggested by Loeb and developed further by Phelps, lightning can be initiated from streamers developed in the enhanced electric field around hydrometeors. In our paper, we prove by numerical simulations that positive streamers are initiated, specifically, around charged water drops. The simulation model includes the kinetics of free electrons, and positive and negative ions, the electron impact ionization and photon ionization of the neutral atmospheric constituents, and the formation of space charge electric fields. Simulations were conducted at air pressure 0.4 atm, typical at thundercloud altitudes, and at different background electric fields, drop sizes, and charges. We show that the avalanche‐to‐streamer transition is possible near drops carrying 63–485 pC in thundercloud fields with intensity of 10 kVcm−1atm−1 and 15 kVcm−1atm−1 for drops sizes of 1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. Thus, the electric field required for the streamer formation is larger than the measured thunderstorm fields. Therefore, the results of simulations suggest that second mechanisms must operate to amplify the local field. Such mechanisms could be electric field space variations via collective effects of many hydrometeors or runaway breakdown.
Relaxation of transport current distribution in a YBaCuO strip studied by magneto-optical imaging

The dynamics of magnetic flux distributions across a YBa2Cu3O7−δ strip carrying transport current is measured using magneto-optical imaging at 20 K. The current is applied in pulses of 40–5000 ms duration and of magnitude close to the critical one, 5.5 A. During the pulse some extra flux usually penetrates the strip, so the local field increases in magnitude. When the strip is initially penetrated by flux, the local field either increases or decreases depending on both the spatial coordinate and the current magnitude. Meanwhile, the current density always tends to redistribute more uniformly. Despite the relaxation, all distributions remain qualitatively similar to the Bean-model predictions.
The Total Ground State Energies and First Ionization Energies of the Incomplete 3d-Transition Metal-Elements Atoms

We studied the incomplete 3d-transition metal-lements, scandium through nikel, atoms and their corresponding cations by diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method with three different basis sets, namely VTZ_ANO, Stuttgart RSC 1997 ECP, and CRENBL ECP. Our calculations for total ground state energy and first ionization potential, agree very well with studies used LANL2DZB3LYP as basis sets, and with the experimental values of first ionization potential. Moreover, we found that the calculations with VTZ_ANO basis set are more accurate than those with the other two basis sets.
Comparing the Effects of L1 and L2 Definition on Incidental Vocabulary Learning through Listening to Stories

Vocabulary is an essential component of language proficiency which provides the basis for learners’ performance in other skills. This study investigated the effect of three kinds of definition conditions, that is L1, L2, and L1+L2 on incidental vocabulary knowledge of EFL learners. To this aim, three experimental and one control groups took part in the current study so as to examine the effectiveness of definitions with 96 target words through listening. The participants were 74 fourth-grade high school students. Eight stories with each with 12 target words (total 96 words) were given to the learners. Participants in each group listened to eight short stories under one of the three mentioned conditions for experimental groups, with no definition offered for control group. They all answered vocabulary list, eight immediate post-tests and eight delayed posttests of vocabulary. The data were analyzed using t- tests and one-way ANOVA for both immediate and delayed post-tests. The results indicated that definition groups significantly outperformed the other group in terms of vocabulary acquisition on both immediate and delayed retention of target words. However, the findings showed a significant loss from the immediate to the delayed post-tests. These findings are discussed and implications are offered for foreign language syllabus designers and instructors.
Radiation effects along a UV-B gradient on species composition and diversity of a shallow-water macrobenthic community in the western Baltic

Although the 'intermediate disturbance hypothesis' (IDH) was originally postulated for marine hard-bottom communities, it has rarely been tested for this community type. We experimentally examined the effects of ambient plus artificially enhanced UV-B radiation (eUV-BR) along an intensity gradient on the abundance of individual species, species composition, and diversity of a macrobenthic community in the western Baltic, Germany. Plots were either exposed each day for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h to the maximum expected future UV-BR or were left untreated (= ambient irradiance). Species recruitment and succession on artificial substrata were followed for 5 mo. Transient unimodal patterns for species richness and diversity H' were produced along the UV-BR gradient early in succession. The density of the competitively superior mussel Mytilus edulis and the abundance of the foliose green alga Ulvopsis grevillei were positively related to UV-BR exposure; suggesting conditions different from those predicted by the IDH-generated unimodal patterns. Protective shading of substratum by U. grevillei and the resultant mitigation of the UV-BR impact for succeeding colonizers may be important in this context. Species composition differed persistently among eUV-BR treatments. In contrast to mussels and U. grevillei, the abundance of red algae was adversely affected by eUV-BR along the disturbance gradient. Our results suggest that expected future UV-BR levels will have limited influence on the diversity of shallow-water macrobenthic fouling assemblages in the western Baltic, whereas their species composition may be affected over longer periods.
On a few statistical applications of determinantal point processes

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are a repulsive distribution over configurations of points. The 2016 conference Journees "Modelisation Aleatoire et Statistique" (MAS) of the French society for applied and industrial mathematics (SMAI) featured a session on statistical applications of DPPs. This paper gathers contributions by the speakers and the organizer of the session.
Land Cover in a Managed Forest Ecosystem: Mexican Shade Coffee

Managed forest ecosystems—agroforestry systems in which crops such as coffee and bananas are planted side-by-side with woody perennials—are being touted as a means of safeguarding forests along with the ecological services they provide. Yet we know little about the determinants of land cover in such systems, information needed to design effective forest conservation policies. This paper presents a spatial regression analysis of land cover in a managed forest ecosystem—a shade coffee region of coastal Mexico. Using high-resolution land cover data derived from aerial photographs along with data on the geophysical and institutional characteristics of the study area, we find that plots in close proximity to urban centers are less likely to be cleared, all other things equal. This result contrasts sharply with the literature on natural forests. In addition, we find that membership in coffee-marketing cooperatives, farm size, and certain soil types are associated with forest cover, while proximity to small town centers is associated with forest clearing.
Impulsive Harsh Discipline of Infants Maternal Overreactive Sympathetic Nervous System Responses to Repeated Infant Crying Predicts Risk

Physiological reactivity to repeated infant crying was examined as a predictor of risk for harsh discipline use with 12-month-olds in a longitudinal study with 48 low-income mother–infant dyads. Physiological reactivity was measured while mothers listened to three blocks of infant cry sounds in a standard cry paradigm when their infants were 3 months old. Signs of harsh discipline use were observed during two tasks during a home visit when the infants were 12 months old. Mothers showing signs of harsh discipline (n 1⁄4 10) with their 12-month-olds were compared to mothers who did not (n 1⁄4 38) on their sympathetic (skin conductance levels [SCL]) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) reactivity to the cry sounds. Results showed a significant interaction effect for sympathetic reactivity only. Mean SCL of harsh-risk mothers showed a significant different response pattern from baseline to crying and onward into the recovery, suggesting that mean SCL of mothers who showed signs of harsh discipline continued to rise across the repeated bouts of cry sounds while, after an initial increase, mean SCL level of the other mothers showed a steady decline. We suggest that harsh parenting is reflected in physiological overreactivity to negative infant signals and discuss our findings from a polyvagal perspective.
An empirical phase diagram for the clinozoisite-zoisite transformation in the system CarAlrSirOr r ( OH ) { arAlrFe 3 + Si 3

The effects of pressure, temperature, and Fe3* + Al exchange on the transformation from orthorhombic zoisite to clinozoisite are examined using thermodynamic data and analyses ofnaturally coexisting mineral pairs. Theoretical considerations indicate a steep transformation loop in the T-X sections, with the Al end-member reaction occurring at low temperature and the Fe end-member reaction at high temperature; the orthorhombic phase is the high-temperature form. The position of the two-phase zoisite-clinozoisite area in a Z-Xsection varies with pressure. Equilibrium mineral pairs from lowto intermediatepressure regimes indicate a smaller two-phase area (between approximately 8-15 molo/o AlrFe in zoisite and 25-40 molo/o in clinozoisite) than those from high-pressure regimes (same variation in zoisite, 35-55 molo/o in clinozoisite). The width of the two-phase region also depends on minor elements, such as the rare earth elements. The effect on the phase diagram of a possible low-temperature miscibility gap in the monoclinic series is also discussed. Disequilibrium textures, such as complex zoning patterns and multiple generations of grains, are common features in naturally coexisting clinozoisite-zoisite pairs. Owing to the sluggish reaction behavior of the epidote minerals, these can serve as important petrogenetic indicators of prepeak or relict metamorphic conditions in a wide range of bulk compositions.
1 Adventures in Monitorability From Branching to Linear Time and Back Again

This paper establishes a comprehensive theory of runtime monitorability for Hennessy-Milner logic with recursion, a very expressive variant of the modal μ-calculus. It investigates the monitorability of that logic with a linear-time semantics and then compares the obtained results with ones that were previously presented in the literature for a branching-time setting. Our work establishes an expressiveness hierarchy of monitorable fragments of Hennessy-Milner logic with recursion in a linear-time setting and exactly identifies what kinds of guarantees can be given using runtime monitors for each fragment in the hierarchy. Each fragment is shown to be complete, in the sense that it can express all properties that can be monitored under the corresponding guarantees. The study is carried out using a principled approach to monitoring that connects the semantics of the logic and the operational semantics of monitors. The proposed framework supports the automatic, compositional synthesis of correct monitors from monitorable properties.
Does Workforce Innovation Mediate the Relationship between Internal Factors and Performance in Malaysian Entrepreneurial SMEs

This paper investigates the relationship between internal factors, workforce innovation and performance on entrepreneurial small and medium sized enterprises in Malaysia. The internal factors are transformational leadership, rewards, autonomy and empowerment and innovative supportive climate. An empirical analysis is based on data for 92 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The results indicate that workforce innovation and performance is higher in entrepreneurial SMEs with high degree of transformational leadership, rewards, autonomy, empowerment and innovative supportive climate. Furthermore, the findings of this paper support the view that workforce performance of entrepreneurial SMEs will be better if they improve the relationship between transformational leadership and rewards with workplace innovation.
Practicing Design Judgement through Intention-Focused Course Curricula

This paper elaborates on how design judgement can be practiced in design education, as explored in several iterations of an advanced course in interaction design. The students were probed to address four separate design tasks based on distinct high-level intentions, i.e. to 1) take societal responsibility, 2) to generate profit, 3) to explore a new concept, and 4) to trigger reflection and debate. This structure, we found, served as a valuable tool in our context for bringing important topics to discussion in class and for actively practicing design judgement. We discuss what we see as the main qualities of this approach in relation to more conventional course structures in this area, with a focus directed more towards aspects of methodology, specific interaction techniques, and design principles more generally.
Urban nitrous-oxide fluxes measured using the eddy-covariance technique in Helsinki, Finland

Using the eddy covariance technique, nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured at the semi-urban SMEAR III station in Helsinki, Finland, between 21 June and 27 November 2012. The measurement period covered a seasonal change from summer to autumn allowing us to examine variations in the N2O fluxes by season. Also, varying land cover around the measurement site enabled us to study the effects of different urban land covers on the N2O exchange. Overall, the measurement surroundings acted as a source of N2O with a median and quartile deviation for the campaign of 1.7 ± 2.0 μmol m–2 h–1. The net emissions were slightly higher from the direction of green areas than from the direction of roads under heavy traffic indicating that vegetation cannot be neglected in the urban N2O exchange studies. No seasonal change in the N2O flux during the measurement campaign was found.
Exact maximum expected differential and linear probability for 2-round Kuznyechik

Приведены все лучшие дифференциалы и суммарные линейные соотношения в $2$-раундовой версии шифра Кузнечик. Доказано, что точные значения $2$-раундовых максимальных дифференциальных и линейных характеристик равны $2^{-86.66…$ и $2^{-76.739…$ соответственно. Проведено сравнение со схожими результатами для шифра AES.