Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covariance matrices for halo number counts and correlation functions

We study the mean number counts and two-point correlation functions, along with their covariance matrices, of cosmological surveys such as for clusters. In particular, we consider correlation functions averaged over finite redshift intervals, which are well suited to cluster surveys or populations of rare objects, where one needs to integrate over nonzero redshift bins to accumulate enough statistics. We develop an analytical formalism to obtain explicit expressions of all contributions to these means and covariance matrices, taking into account both shot-noise and sample-variance effects. We compute low-order as well as high-order (including non-Gaussian) terms. We derive expressions for the number counts per redshift bins both for the general case and for the small window approximation. We estimate the range of validity of Limber's approximation and the amount of correlation between different redshift bins. We also obtain explicit expressions for the integrated 3D correlation function and the 2D angular correlation. We compare the relative importance of shot-noise and sample-variance contributions, and of low-order and high-order terms. We check the validity of our analytical results through a comparison with the Horizon full-sky numerical simulations, and we obtain forecasts for several future cluster surveys.
Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Number 41 December 1998 Cannabis and Crime : Treatment Programs for Adolescent Cannabis Use

A strong relationship has been found between frequent cannabis use by juveniles and their participation in crime (e.g. Dembo, Williams, Schmeidler, Wish, Getreu & Berry 1991; Salmelainen 1995; Baker 1998; Stevenson & Forsythe 1998; McGeary, Dennis, French & Titus in press). Surveys indicate that the reason for this relationship is that juveniles resort to income-generating property crime to fund their consumption of cannabis (Salmelainen 1995).
Direct and Indirect Effects of Stimulating Phoneme Awareness vs. Other Linguistic Skills in Preschoolers With Co-occurring Speech and Language Impairments

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an integrated phoneme awareness/speech intervention in comparison to an alternating speech/morphosyntax intervention for specific areas targeted by the different interventions, as well as the extent of indirect gains in nontargeted areas. Method: A total of 30 children with co-occurring speech sound disorder and language impairment, average age 4;5, participated in the study, 18 from the United States and 12 from New Zealand. Children from matched pairs were randomly assigned to the 2 proven efficacious treatments, which were delivered in 6-week blocks separated by a 6-week break. Phoneme awareness, speech sound production, and oral language outcome measures were collected pretreatment and after each intervention block. Results and Conclusions: Both intervention groups made statistically significant gains in all measures, with the exception of a morpheme measure only approaching significance. There were clear trends in favor of the specificity of the interventions suggesting increased sample size might have led to some significant intervention differences. Results further implicate the need for early intervention that integrates oral language and phoneme awareness/early literacy skills for children with multiple deficits.
Limiting Sobolev inequalities for vector fields and canceling linear differential operators

The estimate \[ \norm{D^{k-1}u}_{L^{n/(n-1)}} \le \norm{A(D)u}_{L^1} \] is shown to hold if and only if \(A(D)\) is elliptic and canceling. Here \(A(D)\) is a homogeneous linear differential operator \(A(D)\) of order \(k\) on \(\R^n\) from a vector space \(V\) to a vector space \(E\). The operator \(A(D)\) is defined to be canceling if \[ \bigcap_{\xi \in \R^n \setminus \{0\}} A(\xi)[V]=\{0\}. \] This result implies in particular the classical Gagliardo--Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality, the Korn--Sobolev inequality and Hodge--Sobolev estimates for differential forms due to J. Bourgain and H. Brezis. In the proof, the class of cocanceling homogeneous linear differential operator \(L(D)\) of order \(k\) on \(\R^n\) from a vector space \(E\) to a vector space \(F\) is introduced. It is proved that \(L(D)\) is cocanceling if and only if for every \(f \in L^1(\R^n; E)\) such that \(L(D)f=0\), one has \(f \in \dot{W}^{-1, n/(n-1)}(\R^n; E)\). The results extend to fractional and Lorentz spaces and can be strengthened using some tools of J. Bourgain and H. Brezis.
WHITTLE ESTIMATION OF ARCH MODELS

For a class of parametric ARCH models, Whittle estimation based on squared observations is shown to be [square root of n]-consistent and asymptotically normal. Our conditions require the squares to have short memory autocorrelation, by comparison with the work of Zaffaroni (1999, “Gaussian Inference on Certain Long-Range Dependent Volatility Models,” Preprint), who established the same properties on the basis of an alternative class of models with martingale difference levels and long memory autocorrelated squares.
A Spatially Explicit Open-Ocean DeLury Analysis to Estimate Gear Efficiency in the Dredge Fishery for Sea Scallop Placopecten magellanicus

Abstract The translation of survey data into estimates of absolute abundance hinges on the availability of an accurate estimate of gear efficiency. In many fisheries, however, a wide range of estimates exists and research directed at quantifying this critical parameter has focused on relatively small, fishery-independent data sets. In the present study, a technique was developed to utilize the copious amounts of data available from an open-ocean fishery for sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus in a spatially explicit depletion model. In June 1999, Georges Bank Closed Area II was opened to the commercial scallop fleet after a 5-year multispecies fishing ban. During the 5-month opening, the spatial distribution and magnitude of fishing effort was tracked through vessel monitoring systems, and a relatively small but still substantial number of catch observations were made aboard vessels from the commercial fleet. A spatial analysis of both catch and effort data was utilized to select areas consistent with t.
People and Policy: Behavioural economics and its policy implications

The standard approach of economic modelling and policy analysis is to assume that people are homo economicus: a rational and self-interested economic man. However, a well-documented body of evidence suggests that human decision makers depart from this assumption in several interesting ways. This paper explores three key behavioural aspects – loss aversion; present-biased preferences; and social preferences. It considers the evidence to support them; how behavioural economists have modified economic models to capture the implications of each modification; and how they offer new insights on the scope and efficacy of a wide range of policy interventions.
Managers' Incentives, Earnings Management Strategies, and Investor Sentiment

The impact of managers' incentives and earnings management methods on investor sentiment, based on 9581 listed firms in China from 2006 to 2011, is studied. This paper examines the influence of managers' incentives and earnings management methods on investor sentiment and intends to study how managers' incentives influence real earnings management (REM) and earnings management methods, and following on how REM and earnings management methods influence investor sentiment. The empirical results indicate that managers use REM to manipulate the earnings in order to be able to declare a profit, avoid loss, refinance, and change executives. The listed companies with higher executive compensations prefer to use accrual earnings management (AEM). However, making larger profits by using REM activities is not a universal phenomenon in China because the capital market in China is not efficient. This paper also finds that, when a company makes larger profits using REM activities, investors are optimistic. When a company uses AEM activities to increase earnings, investors readily recognize AEM and they become pessimistic.
Coherent structures and transport of temperature variance and oscillatory heat fluxes in a stimulated round jet

The paper deals with heat transfer processes taking place in the near flow region of axisymmetric free jet in the presence of coherent motion stimulated by acoustic wave. The parameters selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis were the temperature variance and coherent as well as oscillatory heat fluxes. Temperature variance was treated as a measure of intensity of heat transport while heat fluxes described spatial characteristics of the heat transfer processes. Analysis of transport equations of the above quantities should explain the physics of heat transfer realised in the presence of coherent structures.
How do Educational Transfers Affect Child Labour Supply and Expenditures? Evidence from Indonesia of Impact and Flypaper Effects

This study utilises a large nationally representative household survey of unusual scope and richness from Indonesia to analyse how the receipt of educational transfers, scholarships and related assistance programmes affects the labour supply of children and the marginal spending behaviour of households on children's educational goods. We found strong evidence of educational cash transfers and related assistance programmes significantly decreasing the time spent by children in income-generating activities in Indonesia. Households receiving educational transfers, scholarships and assistance were also found to spend more at the margin on voluntary educational goods. These results were stronger for children living in poor families. Our results are particularly relevant for understanding the role of cash transfers and educational assistance in middle-income countries where enrolment rates are already at satisfactory levels, but the challenge is to keep the students in school at post-primary levels.
Focused-ion-beam overlay-patterning of three-dimensional diamond structures for advanced single-photon properties

Sources of single photons are of fundamental importance in many applications as to provide quantum states for quantum communication and quantum information processing. Color centers in diamond are prominent candidates to generate and manipulate quantum states of light, even at room temperature. However, the efficiency of photon collection of the color centers in bulk diamond is greatly reduced by refraction at the diamond/air interface. To address this issue, diamond structuring has been investigated by various methods. Among them, focused-ion-beam (FIB) direct patterning has been recognized as the most favorable technique. But it has been noted that diamond tends to present significant challenges in FIB milling, e.g., the susceptibility of forming charging related artifacts and topographical features. In this work, periodically-positioned-rings and overlay patterning with stagger-superimposed-rings were proposed to alleviate some problems encountered in FIB milling of diamond, for improved surface morphology and shape control. Cross-scale network and uniform nanostructure arrays have been achieved in single crystalline diamond substrates. High quality diamond solid immersion lens and nanopillars were sculptured with a nitrogen-vacancy center buried at the desired position. Compared with the film counterpart, an enhancement of about ten folds in single photon collection efficiency was achieved with greatly improved signal to noise ratio. All these results indicate that FIB milling through over-lay patterning could be an effective approach to fabricate diamond structures, potentially for quantum information studies.
The possible cause of the absence of hypomagnesaemia in cattle grazing tropical pastures : a review.

The mean magnesium content of tropical grasses was 0.36% (g/100 g dry matter) compared with 0.18% in temperate grasses. The corresponding values for tropical and temperate legumes were 0.40% and 0.29% respectively. Tropical grasses and legumes contained less calcium than temperate grasses and legumes whereas potassium levels were similar in all species. This information suggests that the absence of hypomagnesaemia in cattle grazing tropical pastures is a direct result of the higher magnesium level and that this advantage is not offset by a difference in potassium content.
A cultural appraisal of Odadaa : an artistic practice of the lifting of the ban on drumming and noise-making amongst the Ga people of Ghana

The practice of lifting of the ban on drumming and noise-making amongst the Ga Mashie is celebrated with pomp and pageantry as it heralds the people into the annual celebration of the Homowo festival, a celebration that ridicules the hunger that once plagued them when the people arrived at their present settlement. However, it appears the significance of the practice, its artistic and other cultural aspects are not scholarly acknowledged when it comes to the appreciation of this cultural heritage. The ceremony is performed by the priesthood and a coterie of eminent elders who recite artistic prayers and pour libation, followed by beating of the sacred drums by the Gbese chief. This article explores the ideologies and significance of the various rites and more importantly the role of art which are with a number of other cultural aspects. In sum, though the celebration is a conglomeration of numerous aspects of the culture of the Ga people, it is preponderantly an artistic exemplar for art history.Copyright © www.iiste. org Keywords: Odadaa , artefacts, celebration, ban on drumming and noise-making, art history
What Role Does Job Satisfaction Play on The Relationship Between Organizational Justice Perception And Organizational Citizenship Behavior? Empirical Evidence from Sri Lankan Employees

Although studies on organizational justice perception relating to organizational citizenship behavior have been conducted, few empirical studies have examined this phenomenon. This study aimed at exploring the relationships among organizational justice perception, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Two hundred and twenty five employees participated in this study. Results revealed that organizational justice perception affects job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyze the mediation effect. The results also revealed job satisfaction partially mediate the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. This study suggests that employee organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction can be increased by increasing justice practices in the workplace. Limitations, areas for future research and implications of the findings are also discussed. Keywords: job satisfaction, mediation, organizational justice perception, organizational citizenship behavior.
AN EVALUATION OF THE DETERMINABILITY OF LOW LEVEL DIOXIN CONCENTRATIONS BY HRGC/LRMS-NCI

High resolution gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry systems are often used for the analyses of dioxins at low concentrations in environmental sample matrices such as soil, vegetation, sediment, air and food. Since the construction and operation costs of these systems are so expensive, the most of the laboratories in the developing countries haven’t the systems with high resolution mass spectrometry. Thus, cheaper systems with similar sensitivity such as high resolution gas chromatography coupled with low resolution mass spectrometry systems in negative chemical ionization mode may be beneficial to assess the dioxin pollution levels in environmental samples before the elaborate studies on dioxin contamination and stochastic risk assessment. In this manuscript, 17 toxic congeners of dioxins were analyzed by a system with low resolution mass spectrometry. The sensitivity, stability and resolution power of the system for the analysis of dioxins were investigated. The calibration experiments in 3 different periods were studied and the minimum detection limits were determined by using the labeled and unlabeled standard solutions. The differences according to operation conditions of the ion source were examined and expounded by using relative response factor and relative standard deviation values obtained from sequential injections. Finally, it was performed a sample analysis program for some local food samples with the aim of observing the feasibility of the system on food samples that have very low level dioxin concentrations such as egg and cow's milk. It was found that the systems with low resolution mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization mode are capable to fulfill the requirements for the environmental analyses of dioxins at ppt levels, with the exception of 2,3,7,8-TCDD showing lower sensitivity in negative chemical ionization. Thus, using the systems with low resolution mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization mode may be recommended for the some environmental studies for dioxins in the absence of the systems with high resolution. On the other hand, the proposed methodology cannot be used for the direct analysis of dioxins without improvement of 2,3,7,8-TCDD detection and quantification.
Pohang , South Korea ICNMM 2009-82027 SOUND PROPAGATION THROUGH A GAS IN MICROSCALE

ABSTRACT A sound wave propagation through a rarefied gas is investigated on the basis of the linearized kinetic equation by ta king into account the influence of the receptor of sound waves on th e solution of the problem. In order to do so, a plate oscillatin g in the normal direction to its own plane is considered as a sou nd wave source while a stationary one is considered as being the receptor of sound waves. The distance between the plates can be of the order of the molecular mean free path. It is assumed a full y established oscillation so that the solution of the kinetic quation depends on time harmonically. The main parameters of th e problem are the oscillation speed parameter, defined as the r atio of intermolecular collision frequency to the sound frequen cy, and the Knudsen number, defined as the ratio of the molecular mean free path to a characteristic scale of the gas flow. The proble m is solved over a wide range of both parameters and the amplitudes and phases of all the macrocharacteristics of the gas fl ow are calculated.
On the Strengthening of Cement Mortar by Natural Fibers

The purpose of this work is to evaluate mechanical behavior of sisal fiber reinforced cement mortar. The composite material was produced from a mixture of sand, cement and water. Sisal fibers were added to the mixture in two different lengths. Mechanical characterization of the composite and the plain mortar was carried out using three point bend, compression and impact tests. Specimens containing parallel sided notches of different root radii were loaded in three point bending in order to determine the effect of the fibers on the material fracture toughness in the presence of discontinuities. According to the results, while fiber reinforcement leads to a decrease in compressive strength, J-integral calculations at maximum load for the different notch root radii have indicated, particularly for the case of long fibers, a significant superiority of the reinforced material in comparison with the plain cement mortar, in consistence with the impact test data.
Socioeconomic Bias in Voting for the Knesset

This study examines whether the large decrease in voter turnout (20 percentage points) between the elections for the 14th Knesset in 1996 and the 17th Knesset in 2006 was differential by socioeconomic class. The study reveals that the electoral participation rate during the last decade declined commensurate with the level of socioeconomic ranking in 1996. This is in addition to the socioeconomic bias that was found in each of the four elections that were examined. An increase in socioeconomic bias was found between voting for the 14th Knesset elections in 1996 and the 17th Knesset elections in 2006, when it was measured by comparing municipalities in terms of the extent of the decrease in voter turnout by the average level of income in previous elections. Moreover, the decrease in voter turnout was greater in municipalities that experienced a lower economic growth rate between 1996 and 2006 (in Jewish municipalities).
Fiscal Stimulus in an Endogenous Job Separation Model

This paper re-visits effects of fiscal expansion on employment and unemployment by focusing on both hiring and firing margins. We develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with labor search frictions in which job separation is endogenously determined. We study effects of fiscal stimuli in the form of government spending and hiring subsidies. The prediction of our model is in contrast with earlier studies that assume exogenous job separation. First, our model generates a larger size of the impact of a government spending shock on labor market variables than the model without endogenous separation. Second, while an increase in hiring subsidies increases employment and reduces unemployment in the model without endogenous separation, it reduces employment and increases unemployment in our model.
THE EFFECT OF BREED, BOAR AND SEASON ON SOME PROPERTIES OF SPERM

The main objective of this study was to assess the phenotypic variability of the ejaculate volume (VOL) and progressive sperm motility (MO) under the influence of breed, boar within breed and season. The study included 555 ejaculates of Danish Landrace (DL), Danish Large White (DLW) and Danish Duroc (DD) boars. The effect of boar was analyzed within the investigated breeds. The impact of the season was investigated as the influence of the month in which the ejaculate was taken. The model included a linear regression effect of boar age when the semen was taken. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package SAS 9.1. 3 (SAS Inst. Inc., 2002-2003). Impact assessment was carried out using the GLM procedure. The impact of all factors analyzed in both sperm traits was significant to highly significant, and the observed factors largely explain the phenotypic variability VOL compared to MO. The highest values were found in VOL of DL boar (3:58 ± 164.96 ml), and the MO of boar breed DLW (85.45 ± 0.94%). Boars DD had VOL and MO below the averages of all analyzed breeds. Between boars within studied genotypes differences were established (p <0.05, p <0.05, p <0.01 p <0.001) and a boar of DLW breed compared to all tested boars had the highest volume of ejaculate sperm with progressive motility of 90.47%. Volume, or mobility varied (p <0.01 or p <0.05) influenced by season, and in September and October boars had ejaculates with the VOL values above average and the lowest MO. Since most VOL and MO above the annual average in June, it was possible to get the highest number of doses per ejaculate with optimal reproductive/fertile ability.