Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Control with Thiocarbamate Herbicides on Previously Treated Soils

Efficacy of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate), butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate], vernolate (S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate), and cycloate (S-ethyl cyclohexylethylcarbamothioate) applied with dichlormid (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), and the former three herbicides applied with dichlormid and dietholate (O,O-diethyl-O-phenol phosphorothioate) for wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ssp. ruderale (Kitagawa) Tzevelev. # PANMI) control in corn (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in fields previously treated with EPTC + dichlormid or EPTC + dichlormid + dietholate. Cycloate + dichlormid usually controlled millet regardless of prior herbicide use. But EPTC + dichlormid was less effective than on soils not previously treated with the herbicides, suggesting enhanced soil biodegradation. The use of EPTC + dichlormid with row cultivation or applications of selected herbicides improved millet control. Following prior use of EPTC + dichlormid, wild proso millet control was improved by the addition of dietholate to EPTC + dichlormid and vernolate + dichlormid but not butylate + dichlormid. In dissipation studies using soils previously treated with EPTC + dichlormid, the relative order of herbicide persistence was EPTC + dichlormid < vernolate + dichlormid < butylate + dichlormid < EPTC + dichlormid + dietholate < vernolate + dichlormid + dietholate = butylate + dichlormid + dietholate < cycloate + dichlormid. When EPTC + dichlormid + dietholate was applied to soils previously treated with that mixture, wild proso millet control was again reduced. Dissipation studies confirmed that dietholate slowed biodegradation of EPTC in soils previously treated with EPTC + dichlormid but not with EPTC + dichlormid + dietholate.
Review and Evaluation of Empirical Research in Troubleshooting

Following an analysis of task requirements for successful troubleshooting, this paper considers human abilities. limitations, and inclinations with respect to troubleshooting. Research on the effects of various approaches to the training of troubleshooting is reviewed. The extent to which troubleshooting performance is influenced by instruction is highly related to the level of explicitness of action-related information provided. An approach that forces people to use their system knowledge explicitly is a promising alternative to explicit instruction in algorithms or diagnostic heuristics, but such an approach is not supported by data from transfer studies. A combination of the two approaches may be the most effective means of teaching troubleshooting, and research evaluating the soundness of this idea should be conducted.
Factors Affecting Age Cohorts on Life Cycle Retirement Planning

The purpose of this paper is to examine the cohort effect on different stages of the financial life cycle and the extent of planning for a financial safety net. A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed randomly in the Klang Valley of Malaysia which is the largest and most cosmopolitan region resulting in a 55.2% return rate. Analyses using hierarchical and ordinary regression were applied on four hypotheses. The results revealed that age cohort variables made significant contribution to life cycle retirement planning, particularly the younger age cohort. Strong relationship was found between current financial resources and consumption for all age cohorts. On the other hand, there were no significant effect between current financial resources and age cohorts except that the older age cohorts were relatively more significant predictors. The implication was that not only should their individual perceptions of retirement planning become an increasingly important part of people s long-term commitment throughout their life-cycle, it must also assume the role as a self-directed life-long learning process, in view of the ever-changing and complicated financial environment. Consumption pattern would have reduced post retirement. During their retirement years, healthcare will become ever so important as the elderly cohorts will have different degrees of health, illness, and disability. This can translate to higher cost within the same age cohort.
Neural oscillations while remembering traumatic memories in PTSD

Background In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the traumatic event is often re-experienced through vivid sensory fragments of the traumatic experience. Though the sensory phenomenology of traumatic memories is well established, neural indications for this qualitative experience are lacking. The current study aimed at monitoring the oscillatory brain activity of PTSD patients during directed and imaginal exposure to the traumatic memory using magnetoencephalography (MEG), in a paradigm resembling exposure therapy. Methods Brain activity of healthy trauma-exposed controls and PTSD participants was measured with MEG as they listened to individualized trauma narratives as well as to a neutral narrative and as they imagined the narrative in detail. Source localization analysis on varied frequency bands was conducted in order to map neural generators of altered oscillatory activity. Results PTSD patients exhibited increased power of high-frequency bands over visual areas and increased delta and theta power over auditory areas in response to trauma recollection compared to neutral recollection, while controls did not show such differential activation. PTSD participants also showed abnormal modulation of lower frequencies in the medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusions Elicitation of traumatic memories results in a distinct neural pattern in PTSD patients compared to healthy trauma-exposed individuals. Investigating the oscillatory neural dynamics of PTSD patients can help us better understand the processes underlying trauma re-experiencing.
Mechanical Analysis of Short Fiber Composites Manufactured by Inverted Stereolithography

Additive manufacturing, or “3D printing”, is a rapidly expanding technology that produces components with complex geometry using computer aided design software. Unfortunately, an intrinsic lack of mechanical properties inhibits 3D printed parts from being used in many load bearing applications. In this study, glass fibers were introduced to reinforce an acrylic resin to increase the elastic modulus of inverted stereolithography (ISLA) printed specimens. The elastic modulus of the resultant short glass fiber composites increased with increasing fiber content, up to 10 vol% fiber addition. However, flow induced fiber alignment caused the high aspect ratio reinforcements to orient transversely to the applied load. This significantly limited the contribution of the fibers to the overall modulus of the composite. A variety of flow diversion techniques were implemented, but the ISLA workflow did not produce a fiber reinforced part that had a superior elastic modulus to that of existing particle reinforced composites.
Chinese Evolution in Recent 150 Years: A Diachronic Study of Word Frequency in The Gospel of Mark

ABSTRACT:This study quantitatively investigated word frequencies in parallel Chinese texts at three different periods, namely, Classical Chinese (1855), Beijing Mandarin (1908) and Modern Mandarin (2010), attempting to shed some light on the evolution of the Chinese language over the last 150 years. With the evolution of Chinese: both the types and tokens increased diachronically, and sharp changes can be found in the high-frequency function words, vocabulary richness, and the distribution of word classes. The syntactic structure has also become increasingly complex. In addition, although the length of words (measured in character) has increased diachronically, disyllabic words have not always been preponderant in Chinese after the opium war of 1840–1842. The results show that the complication is a crucial trend in the evolution process of Chinese. 摘要:本文通过对文言（1855）、北京官话（1908）和现代汉语（2010）三个不同时期马可福音译本的量化调查，从词汇的角度展示了近150年汉语的演化。 随着汉语的演化，马可福音中词的种类和数量显著增加；高频虚词、词汇丰富度和词类分布也发生了很大的变化；句法结构变得越来越复杂；尽管词变得越来越长，鸦片战争后复音词并不总是占优势。 结果显示，复杂化是汉语演化过程中的一个重要趋势。
Gastropods Diversity in Mangrove Forests of Govater Gulf in Sistan & Baluchestan

The present study was performed to investigate Gastropods diversity in mangrove forests located at Chabahar Township, Sistan & Baluchestan, Iran. For this purpose some homogenous forest masses were isolated and field visits were done. In each mass, three vertical transects were selected at the site of water contact up to land contact and sediment sampling was conducted from first (in contact with the water), middle, and end points of each transect. Three samples were collected in triplicates and during four successive seasons. Of 2119 collected gastropod samples, 44 species were identified from 35 genera and 22 families, among which three species were identified up to family level, nine up to genus level, and the remaining up to species level. Among the species identified, Asseminea sp.2 and Asseminea sp.1 were the most abundant species with 41.49% and 30.77%, respectively. Species Cerithidea cingulata (11.04%)and Stenothyra arabica (6.09%) were in subsequent rankings. The identified gastropods at the first point ‎belonged to 13 families, 16 genera, and 17 species, among which five species were observed only in this area: Cerithiopsis sp. , Melampus castaneus, Haminoea cf vitra, Nassarius sp. and Umbonium vestiarium. The gastropods had the highest species number at middle point belonging to 20 families, 28 genera, and 36 species and the number of 22 species (the highest species number) was observed only in this region. Except two species Cerithium sp.andFinella pupoides, other gastropod species of end point were also present in other regions. Gastropods of this region belonged to 7 families, 10 genera, and 12 species. Comparing this results with other mangrove forests shows that from the east to west the gastropods diversity has reducing trend; and the studied area is the most diverse region in Iran. This study recorded 13 new species from Iran that wasn’t reported before.
Territorial Behavior of the Ozark Zigzag Salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius, Altered by Mode of Predator Cue and Sex of Intruder

Territorial defense in many species must be balanced with trade-offs in activities such as reproduction and predator avoidance. Adjusting behavior based on current assessments of predation risk and the cost of maintaining or gaining a territory is one way that individuals can balance trade-offs to maximize fitness. I conducted two experiments to determine how Ozark zigzag salamanders, Plethodon angusticlavius, adjust their territorial behavior-based predation risk. First, I tested whether male and female territorial intruders changed their competitive behavior according to whether predation risk is assessed via unimodal (chemical) or multimodal (chemical + physical) cues. Females and males responded differently to unimodal and multimodal cues with females generally responding similarly to all predator cues, and males responding to multimodal cues in an additive manner. Second, I determined whether predation risk affected competitive behavior differentially based on whether the intruder salamander was in a territory marked by a same-sex or different-sex residents. Overall, the territorial behavior of both male and female intruders was moderated by the presence of a predator, but the effect differed based on the sex of both the intruder and the resident salamander. The results of these two experiments suggest that P. angusticlavius salamanders adjust their territorial behavioral in the presence of predation risk based on the source of the information (unimodal vs multimodal cues) and the sex of nearby individuals (potential mates or competitors).
Regionale Erreichbarkeit von ausgewählten Fachärzten, Apotheken, ambulanten Pflegediensten und weiteren ausgewählten Medizindienstleistungen in Deutschland: Abschätzung auf Basis des Thünen-Erreichbarkeitsmodells

Die Erreichbarkeit von Infrastrukturen der Daseinsvorsorge spielt sowohl fur Standort-entscheidungen als auch fur die individuelle Lebenssituation der Burger eine wichtige Rolle, denn Erreichbarkeitsverhaltnisse bestimmen neben der Qualitat des Infrastrukturangebots den regionalen Versorgungsgrad mit Infrastruktur. Damit sind sie ein wichtiger Faktor der regionalen Entwicklung. Auch fur die Diskussion uber die Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge sind aktuelle Informationen uber die Erreichbarkeit von Einrichtungen der Daseinsvorsorge notwendig, um sich vor dem Hintergrund des normativen Anspruches der Aufrechterhaltung gleichwertiger Lebensverhaltnisse im Bundesgebiet ein realistisches Bild uber die derzeitige Situation als Ausgangsbasis fur ggf. notwendige Politikinterventionen machen zu konnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich die vorliegende Studie mit der Abschatzung der regionalen Erreichbarkeit von Arzten, Krankenhausern, Apotheken und ambulanten Pflegediensten nach Sozialgesetzbuch Elftes Buch (SGB XI) in Deutschland als – insbesondere in landlichen Raumen – wichtige Schlusseldienstleistungen fur die Versorgung der Burger. Dazu wird auf Basis eines rasterbasierten GIS-Erreichbarkeitsmodells ein einfacher generischer Erreichbarkeitsindikator ermittelt, der Ruckschlusse auf die Grundversorgungssituation flachendeckend fur Deutschland ermoglicht.
Hedging Risks in the Loss-Averse Newsvendor Problem with Backlogging

This paper studies the optimal order decisions for the loss-averse newsvendor problem with backordering and contributes to the risk hedging issue in the newsvendor model. The Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure is applied to quantify the potential risks for the loss-averse newsvendor in a backordering setting, and we obtain the optimal order quantity for a loss-averse newsvendor to maximize the CVaR of utility. It is found that the optimal order quantity to maximize the CVaR objective could be bigger or smaller than the expected profit maximization (EPM) order quantity, which provides an alternative explanation on decision bias in the newsvendor model. This study also reveals that the optimal order quantity for a loss-averse newsvendor to maximize expected utility with backordering is smaller than the EPM order quantity, which implies that backordering encourages the loss-averse newsvendor to order fewer items. Sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the properties of the optimal order quantities and managerial insights are suggested. This paper provides a novel method for the risk management of the loss-averse newsvendor model and presents several new ordering policies for the retailers in practice.
Comparative Study between Cervical Laminectomy and Cervical Laminectomy with Fixation on Clinical Outcome and Spine Stability in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy

Background: Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is an age-related disease of the cervical spine and represents one of the most common causes of spinal cord dysfunction. Surgical intervention is the cornerstone of management in symptomatic cases,but the approach of choice is always debatable. Purpose: Was to compare between mutltilevel cervical laminectomy,and multilevel cervical laminectomy with lateral mass fixation in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy regarding the functional clinical outcome and cervical spine normal sagittal alignment. Patients and Methods: This work is a prospective study of two groups of randomly selected patients. The first group (n= 20) underwent cervical laminectomy while the second group (n=18) underwent cervical laminectomy with lateral mass fixation. Patients were followed up for 12 months duration using functional modified Japanese orthopedic association (mJAO)score, andmeasurement of C2-C7 cobb`s angle to evaluate post-operative cervical sagittal alignment. Results: Results revealed that both approaches have better post-operative functional outcome with no significant changes on the normal cervical lordosis. Results alsoshowed no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome between the 2 groups after one year follow up. Conclusion: Both simple multilevel posterior cervical laminectomy and posterior cervical laminectomy with lateral mass fixation are associated with improvement in the functional outcome in CSM patients with no changes in normal cervical lordotic sagittal alignment in at least 12 months follow up duration.
Effective 3-D Shape Retrieval by Integrating Traditional Descriptors and Pointwise Convolution

The applications of isometric 3-D objects have recently received sufficient attention and, thus, it is very attractive to retrieve such isometric 3-D objects from large-scale collections. Although existing approaches have presented some interesting ideas, their performance is limited to their ability on feature representation. To improve the performance of 3-D object (shape) recognition, some recent algorithms prefer using complicated deep neural networks to learn discriminative features, but they consume huge amounts of computing resources. Instead, this paper presents a more effective solution by seamlessly integrating the traditional local descriptor with a deep pointwise convolutional network to extract 1-D features for shape recognition and retrieval. To reduce the costs of designing a complicated deep network, the first step of our algorithm is to describe the shape deformation by sampling a set of intrinsic point descriptors. Then, we introduce a simple yet effective pointwise convolutional network to integrate these descriptors as a global feature and the learning process can be significantly accelerated with the help of downsampling. Furthermore, a knowledge transfer strategy is used to upgrade our feature by compensating for information loss. Finally, we carry out experimental evaluations over popular shape benchmarks, and the results suggest that our approach exhibits superior accuracy rates and robustness on shape recognition and retrieval.
Proposed Simplified Approach for the Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Moment Resisting Framed Buildings Incorporating Friction Sliders

An innovative, simplified, and accurate model is proposed and developed to enable simplified yet realistic time history analysis of multi-storey buildings with moment resisting connections using friction energy dissipaters in the commonly used structural analysis and design program, SAP2000. The analyses are rapid to undertake, thereby enabling detailed study of the influence of many building system effects on the overall response. This paper presents the outcome of dynamic analysis of a complete 13-storey moment resisting steel building with Sliding Hinge Joints as the beam-column connections, considering the influential self-centring factors such as MRF and gravity columns continuity as well as column base and diaphragm flexibilities. The building is one of the Te-Puni towers, which are structural steel apartment buildings with steel-concrete composite floors, designed according to the low damage design philosophy, built in Wellington, New Zealand in 2008 and which have already been subjected to two significant earthquakes. The key objectives of the research have been to take the design of the 13-storey building and convert that into the proposed simplified model required for time history seismic analysis, to undertake analysis under scaled El-Centro earthquake record, investigate the peak inter-storey drift and the residual drift of the building, and determine the influence of column base rotational stiffness, floor slab out of horizontal plane displacement, type of friction damper, and MRF and gravity column continuity. It is concluded that the response of the building is stable and predictable, as expected, and that the post-earthquake state of the building, particularly from the self-centring point of view, is well within the limits for maintaining operational continuity following an ULS level design earthquake.
Forms of dialogism in the Council of Europe Reference Framework on Competences for Democratic Culture

ABSTRACT Situated within research and practice on intercultural communication education, this paper suggests an urgent inclusion of dialogism and ethics in the ways it is dealt with around the world. Supranational institutions such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Council of Europe, treat intercultural communication as a monological phenomenon with an emphasis on Self rather than on the hyphen between Self-Other. This paper calls for exploring ‘peripheral’ perspectives to enrich scholarship about the intercultural. The work of Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin [2012. Sobranie sochinenij. (T.3). Teoriia romana (1930–1961 gg.). Edited by Sergey Georgievich Bocharov and Vadim Valer’janovich Kozhinov. Moskva: Jazyki slavianskikh kul’tur] is combined with Confucian ethics [e.g. Huang, Y. 2018. “Confucian Ethics: Altruistic? Egoistic? Both? Neither? ” Frontiers of Philosophy in China 13 (2): 217–231] to propose a new analytical framework for interculturality. As an illustration, we then examine the descriptors of competences proposed by the Council of Europe [2018b. Reference Framework for Democratic Culture: Volume Two: Descriptors of Competences for Democratic Culture. Strasbourg: Council of Europe] to show how some of the key descriptors seem to take into account these two aspects, while at the same time negate them.
A Simple GIS-Based Model for Urban Rainstorm Inundation Simulation

With rapid urbanization, floods that occur are more frequently associated with non-riverine, urban flooding. Reliable and efficient simulation of rainstorm inundation in an urban environment is profound for risk analysis and sustainable development. Although sophisticated hydrodynamic models are now available to simulate the urban flooding processes with a high accuracy, the complexity and heavy computation requirement render these models difficult to apply. Moreover, a large number of input data describing the complex urban underlying surfaces is required to setup the models, which are typically unavailable in reality. In this paper, a simple and efficient urban rainstorm inundation simulation method, named URIS, was developed based on a geographic information system (GIS) with limited input data. The URIS method is a simplified distributed hydrological model, integrating three components of the soil conservation service (SCS) module, surface flow module, and drainage flow module. Cumulative rainfall-runoff, output from the SCS model, feeds the surface flow model, while the drainage flow module is an important waterlogging mitigation measure. The central urban area of Shanghai in China was selected as a study case to calibrate and verify the method. It was demonstrated that the URIS is capable of characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamic processes of urban inundation and drainage under a range of scenarios, such as different rainstorm patterns with varying return periods and different alterations of drainage diameters. URIS is therefore characterized with high efficiency, reasonable data input, and low hardware requirements and should be an alternative to hydrodynamic models. It is useful for urgent urban flood inundation estimation and is applicable for other cities in supporting emergency rescue and sustainable urban planning.