Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persistent effects of everolimus on strength of experimental wounds in intestine and fascia

The introduction of mTOR‐inhibitors in transplantation surgery has been associated with an increase in wound complications. We have previously reported a massive negative effect of everolimus on anastomotic strength in rat intestine at 7 days postoperatively. Because it is clinically important to know if this effect persists and occurs generally, repair in both intestine and abdominal wall has been investigated over a period of 4 weeks. Wistar rats received a daily dose of 1 or 2 mg/kg everolimus orally, from the operation day onwards. Controls received saline. In each rat a resection of ileum and colon was performed, and end‐to‐end anastomoses were constructed. On day 7, 14, and 28 the animals were killed and anastomoses and abdominal wall wounds were analyzed, wound strength being the primary parameter. Breaking strength of ileum, colon, and fascia was consistently and significantly reduced in the experimental groups at all time points. Anastomotic bursting pressures followed the same pattern. Loss of strength was accompanied by a decrease in hydroxyproline content after 7 days. Thus, the negative effect of everolimus on wound repair persists for at least 4 weeks after operation in this rodent model. This protracted effect may have clinical consequences and cause surgical morbidity.
Seroepidemiological survey of rotavirus in Thailand, 1978

In 1973,Bishop et al.found rotavirus for the first time with electron microscopy in a biopsy material and a fecal specimen from a child suffering from acute gastroenteritis". The virus has been confirmed to be a pathogenic agent of an infantile diarrhea in the Temperate Zone in winter's" . One hundred and seventy-eight serum samples collected in Thailand in August,1978 were tested for the complement fixing (CF) antibody to Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NC DV) ,which has common antigen (s) with human rotavirus (HRV) and grown in a tissue
Echocardiographic Screening as Part of a Preparticipation Examination

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, though extremely rare is the most common identifiable cardiac abnormality associated with an “indirect cause” of sudden death in young athletes. The purpose of the screening reported here was to assess the practicality of incorporating a limited echocardiographic evaluation into a station-oriented preseason preparticipation physical examination program for junior and senior high school athletes; 1,570 scholastic athletes were studied over a 3-year period. Each athlete had a limited echocardiographic evaluation that included a parasternal longitudinal axis view with particular attention to the left ventricular outflow tract, left ventricular posterior wall, and septal thickness. No athlete had any subaortic narrowing, left ventricular wall thickness > 12 mm, or ventricular septal thickness > 12 mm. None of the athletes reported any conditions compatible with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during history or personal questioning. The projected cost of these evaluations on 600 athletes would have been $300,000. In conclusion, it does not appear to be appropriate to require an echocardiographic evaluation to exclude hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in scholastic athletic preparticipation examinations.
Quality control of transplant registries

In the lead article in this forum, Karam and colleagues (1) report on an analysis of quality of data recorded in the European liver Transplant Registry. They carried out random visits to 21 centers contributing data to the European Liver Transplant Registry where they analyzed files to identify discrepancies with the data coded in the registry. Both the rate of completeness of data and the rate of consistency between charts and the registry data were excellent. This does indicate that the scientific data held in the European Liver Transplant Registry is of a high quality and therefore of very considerable value in analyzing the indications for and outcomes of liver transplantation in Europe. The second contribution is from Van der Meulen and colleagues (2) from the royal college of Surgeons of England, who are responsible for the audit of liver transplantation in the United Kingdom, and they examine the methods used in the analysis by the French group. They agree that it does indicate a high-quality database in the European Liver Transplant Registry. However, they do take issue with some of the statistical methods used in the analysis and advise caution in accepting one of the conclusions of the French group, namely that their analysis might be considered as a model for audit by other registries. Finally, Hanto (3) has reported on the various registries that exist in the United States. Most of the registries are voluntary, with the only compulsory registry being the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR). Again, he admires the high quality revealed by the audit analysis of the European Liver Transplant Registry and feels that a similar audit should be carried out on the SRTR, particularly because the costs of doing this appear relatively modest. Certainly, as we depend more and more on registry data for defining the role of transplantation in different disease conditions as well as its cost effectiveness, audits of the quality of data collection should be mandatory in all major registries.
Adhesion of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Marrow Stromal Cells is Mediated by α4β1 but not β2αL Integrin: MSC also Prevent Apoptosis of B-CLL Cells

Interactions between MSC and B-CLL cells were investigated to better understand the role of adhesion proteins in the biology of B-CLL. The role of β1 and β2 integrins and CD44 in adherence of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to bone marrow stromal cell (MSC) monolayers and the ability of MSC to prevent apoptosis of CLL cells was investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from 8 patients with CD5-positive B-CLL, were effectively depleted of CD3-positive cells with an immunomagnetic column. Purity of B-CLL cells, as judged by coexpression of CD19 and CD5 on two-color fluor-ocytometry, was 92±4% (mean±SD) (n = 8). 51Cr-labelled B-CLL cells, were incubated with isotype murine monoclonal antibodies or blocking MoAb's against the following adhesion proteins: integrins β1, α4, and αL (chain of LFA-1), CD44 and CD106 (VCAM-1). The B-CLL cell adherence to marrow stromal cell (MSC) monolayers at 2hrs was 29±12% (mean±1SD). MoAb's against CD106, α4, and β1 caused a significant inhibition of heterotypic adherence in 2/8, 3/8 and 4/8 experiments. Despite universal expression of αL on B-CLL cells, MoAb against αL did not influence adhesion of B-CLL cells in any of the eight experiments. MoAb's against CD44 caused an increase in B-CLL cell adherence to MSC in 1/8 experiments. No correlation between basal adhesion and intensity of α4 expression was noted. The absence of this correlation can be explained by the highly variable expression of α4 on the B-CLL cells from a limited number of patients. Notably, the intensity of α4 and β1 expression, on the B-CLL cells correlated with the degree of inhibition by anti-α4 and anti-β1 MoAb. A significant positive correlation was noted between baseline adhesion and intensity of β1 expression. Thus, α4β1 and its ligand VCAM-1 are important for adhesion of B-CLL cells to MSC. However, other ligands of α4 and other as yet undescribed adhesion proteins may also play a role in B-CLL cell adhesion to MSC. In addition, when B-CLL cells were cocultured in direct contact with MSC monolayers, the proportion of B-CLL cells undergoing apoptosis decreased significantly.
Time course of lesion development in the hairless guinea‐pig model of sulfur mustard‐induced dermal injury

The objective of these studies was to provide detailed analyses of the time course of sulfur mustard (SM) vapor‐induced clinical, histological, and biochemical changes following cutaneous exposure in hairless guinea‐pigs. Three 6 cm2 sites on the backs of each guinea‐pig were exposed to SM vapor (314 mg3) for 6 minutes (low dose) or 12 minutes (high dose). Animals were killed at 6, 24, and 48 hours, or 2 weeks postexposure. Erythema, edema, histopathology, and analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 content were evaluated. Erythema was observed by 6 hours, and edema by 24 hours postexposure. Vapor exposure caused epidermal necrosis with varying degrees of dermatitis, ulceration, hemorrhage, and separation of the dermis from the epidermis. Later changes included epidermal regeneration with hyperplasia and formation of granulation tissue in the dermis with loss of hair follicles and glandular structures. Relative amounts of pro and active MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were significantly increased in the high‐dose SM group at 2 weeks. Erythema, edema, and histologic changes are consistent with findings among human victims of SM attack. This model, with observations to 2 weeks, will be useful in assessing the efficacy of countermeasures against SM.
Indirect effects of oral tolerance improve wound healing in skin

Tissue injury in adult mammalian skin frequently results in scarring while fetal mammalian skin heals with complete regeneration. Inflammatory reactions are among the factors thought to impair regeneration. Previous studies have shown that the injection of an immunologically tolerated protein blocks immune responses to unrelated antigens and is also able to inhibit inflammation in mice. This phenomenon, which we refer to as the indirect effects of oral tolerance, does not require the simultaneous injection of the tolerated antigen and the second antigen, and also occurs when the two antigens are given by separate routes of immunization. Herein, we investigated whether the i.p. injection of an orally tolerated antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) would inhibit inflammatory reactions at an incisional lesion and influence healing of adult mouse skin. In OVA‐tolerant mice, the injection of OVA minutes before wounding altered inflammation: it reduced the numbers of mast cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes but increased the number of macrophages around the lesion area. Tolerant mice also showed fewer myofibroblasts and reduced scar area. Furthermore, tolerant mice displayed a pattern of extracellular matrix deposition similar to that observed in intact skin, plus characteristics of regeneration, such as an increased deposition of fibronectin and tenascin‐C. These observations suggest that the indirect effects of oral tolerance can alter the process of wound healing in skin and reduce scar formation.
A Prediction on Nigeria's Oil Depletion Based on Hubbert's Model and the Need for Renewable Energy

The paper examined Nigeria's oil sector in order to get a time point of total depletion. Data for production rate, P, was sourced from 1958–2008 for the study. This research employed Hubbert's Model that based the peaking of oil reserves on the simulation of a bell-shaped curve that rises rapidly to a peak and declines just as quickly. MATLAB tool was employed in the analysis of data. Findings include that there is an imminent decline in Nigeria's oil reserve since peaking could have occurred or just about to occur; this is shown to be in agreement with previous studies, and an account of how oil depletion will affect domestic use of energy is also highlighted. Recommendations amongst others include the immediate adoption of Hirsch Report on the employment of mitigation efforts like alternative energy investments in order to tackle the dire effects which may come as economic, social, and political demands in the wake of a sudden decline, as well as domesticating energy retail by setting up small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) which are empowered to provide basic energy source using renewable energy resources.
Measurements of wound edge microvascular blood flow during negative pressure wound therapy using thermodiffusion and transcutaneous and invasive laser Doppler velocimetry

The effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on wound edge microvascular blood flow are not clear. The aim of the present study was therefore to further elucidate the effects of NPWT on periwound blood flow in a porcine peripheral wound model using different blood flow measurement techniques. NPWT at –20, –40, –80, and –125 mmHg was applied to a peripheral porcine wound (n = 8). Thermodiffusion, transcutaneous, and invasive laser Doppler velocimetry were used to measure the blood perfusion 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 cm from the wound edge. Thermodiffusion (an invasive measurement technique) generally showed a decrease in perfusion close to the wound edge (0.5 cm), and an increase further from the edge (2.5 cm). Invasive laser Doppler velocimetry showed a similar response pattern, with a decrease in blood flow 0.5 cm from the wound edge and an increase further away. However, 1.0 cm from the wound edge blood flow decreased with high pressure levels and increased with low pressure levels. A different response pattern was seen with transcutaneous laser Doppler velocimetry, showing an increase in blood flow regardless of the distance from the wound edge (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 cm). During NPWT, both increases and decreases in blood flow can be seen in the periwound tissue depending on the distance from the wound edge and the pressure level. The pattern of response depends partly on the measurement technique used. The combination of hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion caused by NPWT may accelerate wound healing.
Dietary intake of fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and survival after breast cancer: A population‐based follow‐up study on Long Island, New York

In laboratory experiments, ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been found to reduce inflammatory eicosanoids resulting from ω‐6 PUFA metabolism via competitive inhibition, and the ω‐3‐induced cytotoxic environment increases apoptosis and reduces cell growth in breast cancer cells. To the authors' knowledge, epidemiologic investigations regarding whether dietary ω‐3 PUFA intake benefits survival after breast cancer are limited and inconsistent.
Correction of astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery

Purpose of review There are several options for correcting astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery. They include incision placement on the steep axis of corneal astigmatism, single or paired peripheral corneal relaxing incisions, and toric intraocular lens implantation. The aim of this review is to update readers on advances reported during the last year. Recent findings Phacoemulsification incision placement on the steep corneal axis corrects small amounts of astigmatism and is sufficient for most eyes. Peripheral corneal relaxing incisions correct greater amounts of astigmatism. They may be necessary when implanting multifocal intraocular lenses in eyes with more than 1 diopter of astigmatism. Toric intraocular lenses are also safe and effective for treating more than 1 diopter of astigmatism, and they now have excellent rotational stability. Summary Good uncorrected postoperative distance visual acuity can be obtained for a high percentage of cataract patients with preexisting corneal astigmatism. Postoperative keratorefractive surgery is available to enhance the condition of patients who achieve less-than-optimal astigmatic results.
Autonomic Dysfunction in Current Cigarette Smokers Assessed by Time Series Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the strong contributors to the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, stroke, sudden death, peripheral artery disease & aortic aneurysm. Objective: To assess HRV by time domain methods in healthy cigarette smokers. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from July 2011 to June 2012. 120 apparently healthy male current regular cigarette smokers (Group B) aged 20-55 years were enrolled in the study group.70 apparently healthy male non smoker subjects (Group A) were taken as control. Time domain measures of HRV were recorded by a RMS digital Polyrite. Statistical analysis was done by independent sample t test. Results: Resting Pulse, SBP, DBP , Mean heart rate was significantly higher (p<0.001) and Mean R-R interval, SDNN, RMSSD were significantly lower (p<0.001) in all smokers compared to control. Conclusion: Generalized reduced HRV & attenuated cardiac vagal modulation occur in apparently healthy cigarette smokers. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i2. 18659 Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2013, December; 8(2): 84-88
Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Objectives: To study the clinical manifestations, outcomes, and survival of warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective single-center study from 2002 to 2013. Clinical data of AIHA patients were reviewed and analyzed. Results: One hundred and one patients were included, of whom 77% were female with a median age of 43 years. Primary AIHA was found in 61% of the patients. The secondary causes were systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (64%), solid malignancies (13%), lymphomas (10%), drugs (8%), and infections (5%). Most patients (96%) responded to steroids, which were not different between primary and secondary AIHA. Second-line treatments were required in 33 patients (33%). The indications were steroid dependence (58%), relapse (30%), and others (12%). The most common second-line treatment was cyclophosphamide (52%). The response rate for second-line treatments was 93%. Relapse occurred in 50 patients (50%) in which 58% occurred more than 3 years after diagnosis. The SLE patients relapsed and received second-line therapy more than the non-SLE group (P < 0.001). At the median 53-month follow-up, the overall survival (OS) was 84%. The independent risk factors for OS were age more than 50 years and malignancy. Sepsis was the most common cause of death. Discussion and conclusion: AIHA has a good prognosis and long-term survival especially in young patients without malignancy. Most patients have responded initially to steroids and have a high response rate to second-line therapy. Carefully adjusted and rapid taper of immunosuppressant is necessary to avoid sepsis complications.
A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, part 7

In the 2 and half decades reviewed (1970‐1995), research established that chromosomal translocation, deletion, and DNA amplification are prerequisites to cancerogenesis and that oncogenes, tumor‐suppressor genes, growth factors, and cytokines play crucial roles in the pathomechanism of cancer. Human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, and hepatitis B virus were identified as cancer‐causing viruses. Several laboratory tests were developed for the detection of primary and recurrent cancers, and cancer prevention by screening methods was popularized. Sonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, excision of sentinel lymph nodes, and immunohistochemical techniques became routine procedures. Clinicopathologic staging and classification of tumors were standardized. Limited surgery, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemoradiation, and the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies, tumor vaccines, and targeted chemotherapy became routine practice. The decline in cancer incidence and mortality demonstrated that cancer prevention and advancement in oncology are pivotal to success in the crusade against cancer. Above all, it was clearly established that the care of patients with cancer can be accomplished best in a multidisciplinary setting involving surgical oncologists, radiologists, radiation therapists, medical oncologists, surgical pathologists, and laboratory scientists. In conclusion, the 25 years from 1970 and 1995 are the high‐water mark in clinical oncology, and this is the period when oncology turned from art to science. Cancer 2015;121:2480–2513. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
JAK2, MPL, and CALR mutations in Chinese Han patients with essential thrombocythemia

ABSTRACT Background: Mutations in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL), and CALR are highly relevant to Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Methods: Assessing the prevalence of molecular mutations in Chinese Han patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), and correlating their mutational profile with disease characteristics/phenotype. Results: Of the 110 subjects studied, 62 carried the JAK2 V617F mutation, 21 had CALR mutations, one carried an MPL (W515) mutation, and 28 had non-mutated JAK2, CALR, and MPL (so-called triple-negative ET). Mutations in JAK2 exon 12 were not detected in any patient. Two ET patients had both CALR and JAK2 V617F mutations. Comparing the hematological parameters of the patients with JAK2 mutations with those of the patients with CALR mutations showed that the ET patients with CALR mutations were younger (p = 0.045) and had higher platelet counts (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Genotyping for CALR could be a useful diagnostic tool for JAK2/MPL-negative ET, since the data suggest that CALR is much more prevalent than MPL, therefore testing for CALR should be considered in patients who are JAK2 negative as its frequency is almost 20 times that of MPL mutation.
Immunologic evidence of a strong association between non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and simian virus 40

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the most common cancer of the lymphatic system, is of unknown etiology. The identification of etiologic factors in the onset of NHL is a key event that could facilitate the prevention and cure of this malignancy. Simian virus 40 (SV40) has been considered an oncogenic agent in the onset/progression of NHL.
Clinical usefulness of FDG–PET/CT for the evaluation of various types of adult T-cell leukemia

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim was to explore undefined useful indices for clinically grading adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) using [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) – positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods: A total of 28 patients with ATL (indolent, 9; aggressive, 19) were enrolled; all patients with aggressive ATL underwent FDG–PET/CT before chemotherapy. Patients with indolent ATL underwent FDG–PET/CT at the time of suspected disease progression and/or transformation; some received lymph node biopsy. The quantitative parameters maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), and mean and peak SUV, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and volume-based total lesion glycolysis were calculated with the margin threshold as 25%, and 50% of the SUVmax for all lesions. Results: All parameters except for MTV-25% showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in differentiating the aggressive type from the indolent type of ATL. Areas under the curve for receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis regarding the series of parameters investigated ranged from 0.75 to 0.92; this indicated relatively high accuracy in distinguishing the aggressive type from the indolent type. No malignant findings were detected in lymph node biopsies in indolent ATL patients with lymphadenopathy. Discussion: We performed evaluation of a line of parameters of FDG–PET, thereby demonstrating their significantly high accuracy for grading malignancy in ATL patients. In particular, low accumulation of FDG in indolent ATL patients with lymphadenopathy might predict that it is not a sign of disease transformation, but rather a reactive manifestation. Conclusion: FDG–PET/CT findings could be useful for clinically grading ATL. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT