Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Central Hemodynamics in Women With Hypertensive Pregnancy Between Before and After Delivery

The authors tested the hypothesis that central hemodynamic parameters in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) change between before and after delivery. A total of 137 pregnant women were studied: 72 with HDP, 42 with chronic hypertension (CH), and 23 with white‐coat hypertension (WCH; control group). Aortic augmentation index adjusted by heart rate 75 beats per minute (AIx@75), central pulse pressure (PP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and cardiac output (CO) before and after delivery were recorded. AIx@75 and central PP were higher in the HDP group than in the control group, but both parameters declined after delivery until they were similar to the controls. AIx@75 and central PP, but not TPR or CO, were significantly decreased after delivery in the HDP group, but no such effects were seen in the other groups. These findings suggest that increased wave reflection caused by the stiffened aorta could be a key factor in the pathophysiology of HDP.
Single-Event Upset Characterization Across Temperature and Supply Voltage for a 20-nm Bulk Planar CMOS Technology

Isotropic alpha particle single-event upsets (SEU) in flip-flops are characterized over temperature and voltage supply variations in a 20-nm bulk planar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The decrease of the MOSFET drain current in saturation with respect to increased temperature and reduced supply voltage explains the increased SEU sensitivity of the flip-flop designs. Experimental SEU cross sections from isotropic Americium-241, 5.4-MeV alpha particle show irradiation increases by 30 × on average, and up to orders of magnitude, as a result of increased device temperature and reduced supply voltage.
Sensemaking, sensegiving and sensebreaking: The case of intellectual capital measurements

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how organizations make sense of and give sense to intellectual capital (IC) measurements, i.e. to analyse the sensemaking, sensegiving, and sensebreaking processes with reference to IC measurements. In order to achieve this aim, a case study, developed adopting an action research approach, will be presented. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a case study for which an interventionist research method was adopted. Findings – The main findings are the following. First, the development of an IC project requires the development of an intense sensemaking and sensegiving activity as the managers of an organization need, first, to make sense of this new object (i.e. assign it a meaning) and of the consequent new managerial practices and, second, to diffuse the sense of IC and of its measurements within the organization. Second, the development of an IC project can be seen as a series of different types of sensemaking micro-processes (guided, .
Measuring Equity in Regulatory Policy Implementation

Today's conventional wisdom asserts that, on balance, the social and economic regulatory policies adopted by the United States from the 1930s through the 1970s have not succeeded. Although evidence can be found to lend support to this argument, analysis of the policy process and its consequences must take into account a serious caveat: major problems remain in our efforts to develop and apply valid and reliable measures of success or failure. I Any single criterion is not likely to evaluate comprehensively such complex phenomena. Moreover, despite repeated calls for the use of multiple criteria and for broad concepts of performance, most analyses limit their scope to a single standard-economic efficiency. ' Even the analysis of highly controversial policy issues, such as the debate over deregulation of the petroleum industry, seldom has attempted to incorporate an equity criterion.3 The literature assessing the policies of the Federal Energy Administration (FEA) is typical in this regard. Consensus that the FEA's mandatory fuel allocation and pricing programs were a failure rests almost entirely upon the conclusion that these rules lead to substantial inefficiencies in both the public and private sectors. With few exceptions, the distributional dimensions of FEA policies have been downplayed in analyses of oil pricing and allocation decisions. Beyond some general comments regarding the importance of equity, the decontrol debate relied almost exclusively upon economic efficiency as its evaluative criterion.4 This is especially ironic given the strong equity rationale for the creation of the FEA. Our research responds to this orthodoxy by evaluating the performance of the FEA over the post-embargo period between 1973 and 1976, according to two criteria of equity. In doing so, we focus on whether administrative rulemaking and rule adjudication in a bureaucratic setting characterized by broad allocations of discretionary authority coupled with highly technical, legislative and executive mandates along the lines of the New Deal model can succeed in the face of strong pressures from private interests.5 We also assess the relative roles of procedural and substantive factors in the attempt to maximize equity in the regulatory process.
Sustained antiplatelet properties of nitroglycerin during hemodynamic tolerance in rats.

Organic nitrates possess important antiplatelet actions that are useful in the treatment of unstable angina and myocardial infarction, but the susceptibility of platelets to nitrate tolerance has not been extensively studied. In normal conscious rats, we showed that continuous infusion of nitroglycerin (NTG) at 10 micrograms/min had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP) as compared with control, but hemodynamic tolerance could be demonstrated by MAP response to a bolus intravenous (i.v.) NTG challenge. By this criterion, continuous 8-h NTG infusion produced hemodynamic tolerance (a decrease in MAP response of 45.7 +/- 19.9%, p < 0.05), whereas D5W control and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) infusions did not. During NTG infusion, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) cyclic GMP was increased by 41.4 +/- 13.6% as compared with control and remained increased throughout the infusion (p < 0.05). Bleeding time during a 2-h infusion of NTG was 8.9 +/- 1.2 min as compared to 3.8 +/- 0.4 min in controls (p < 0.05). After 8-h of NTG infusion, the bleeding time was 10.2 +/- 1.4 min versus 4.4 +/- 0.4 min in controls (p < 0.05). NTG also decreased the PRP platelet concentration by 30% in 8 h, whereas D5W had no effect. In vitro experiments showed that platelets in themselves do not produce significant amounts of cyclic GMP. These data indicate that the biochemical and antiaggregation effects of NTG on platelets are not diminished during hemodynamic tolerance and that these effects may be dependent on extraplatelet production of nitric oxide (NO).
Effects of Lactobacillus Strains on Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Blockage

Five lactobacillus strains which were obtained from traditional fermented foods in western China, were examined for use as probiotics and for anticancer biological products. The cell walls and cytoplasm extracts from lactobacillus strains were tested for anti-proliferative activity and induction of apoptosis. The results showed the cell walls showed significant direct anticancer activity. 16S rRNA gene sequences of probiotic strains indicated that M5 and X12 were L. paracasei subp. Paracasei, K11 and K14 were Lactobacillus fermentum, X11 was Lactobacillus casei strain respectively. After exposure to the colon cancer cells for 72 h, strong anti-proliferative activity of cell walls from M5, K11 and K14 was efficiently induced through S-phase accumulation in HT-29 cells. Together, these results suggested the cell walls from M5, K11 and K14 to be good probiotic candidates and had potential application in functional products.
Subventricular zone‐derived neuroblast migration to the olfactory bulb is modulated by matrix remodelling

In the rodent brain neural progenitor cells are born in the subventricular zone and migrate along a pathway called the rostral migratory stream (RMS) into the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into several classes of interneurones. In the adult, tangential migration in the RMS takes place in ‘chains’ of cells contained within glial tubes. In contrast, neonatal neuroblasts along the RMS lack these defined glial tubes and chains, migrating instead as individual cells. Time‐lapse confocal microscopy of neuroblasts at each of these ages shows that individual cells migrate in a saltatory manner with bursts of high speed followed by periods of slower speed. Tangential migration within a glial tube is 20% faster than migration as individual cells. Neuroblasts may also interact and modify the extracellular matrix during migration through expression of a family of proteins, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are present and active along the subventricular zone–olfactory bulb pathway. In the presence of inhibitors of MMPs, neuroblast migration rates were reduced only when cells migrate individually. Chain migration in the adult was unaffected by MMP inhibitors. Taken together, these data suggest that MMPs only influence migration as individual cells and not as chains.
A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Learning

We model entrepreneurial learning as a calibrated algorithm of an iterated choice problem in which entrepreneurs learn by updating a subjective stock of knowledge accumulated on the basis of past experiences. Specifically, we argue that entrepreneurs repeat only those choices that appear most promising and discard the ones that resulted in failure. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, we provide a structural model of entrepreneurial learning in which failure is as informative—though clearly not as desirable—as success. Second, to complement standard economic models in which agents are rational, we allow our entrepreneurs to have myopic foresight. Our entrepreneurs process information, make mistakes, update their decisional algorithms and, possibly, through this struggle, improve their performance.
How high-tech entrepreneurial ventures cope with the global crisis: changes in product innovation and internationalization strategies

Abstract The global crisis that began in the second half of 2008 abruptly changed the business context, inducing firms to react by modifying their strategies. This paper examines changes in innovation and internationalization strategies that high-tech entrepreneurial ventures implemented to react to the crisis. Relying on insights from the behavioural theory of the firm and threat-rigidity theory, we explore the antecedents of firms’ investments in development of new products and in expansion in international markets and the consequences of these changes on firms’ growth performance. Econometric results from a sample of 140 Italian high-tech entrepreneurial ventures support the view that the stock of resources accumulated by larger firms, firms’ innovation and internationalization investments in the pre-crisis period and firms’ cash flow determine the extent of the two changes. The effects of these changes on firms’ short-term growth performance are positive only for investments in development of new products.
Secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with bile duct obstruction.

BACKGROUND The direct contribution of bile to gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release and the role of bile in regulating GIP secretion in response to fat ingestion are still obscure. The present study was aimed to clarify the influence of bile on GIP release. METHODS Seven patients with obstruction of the common bile duct and nine volunteers participated in the study. Fifty milliliters of Lipomul was ingested, and GIP was measured serially for 180 min. After intraduodenal instillation of pooled autologous bile for 2 days, the same study was carried out. RESULTS The fat-stimulated GIP response was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The basal GIP level did not change on bile instillation, but the GIP response to fat ingestion was significantly increased on bile instillation compared with that in the absence of bile. CONCLUSIONS Intraluminal bile alone does not stimulate the secretion of GIP, but it promotes GIP secretion in response to fat ingestion.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR)

Background: CFTR, which controls Cl− permeation across epithelia, is an ABC transporter whose structure is not known. Results: We modeled CFTR using the crystal structure of four homologous transporters. Conclusion: We identified possible open and closed conformations of CFTR. Significance: The models help the interpretation of experimental data and provide new hypotheses to test with experiments. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. CFTR controls the flow of anions through the apical membrane of epithelia. Dysfunctional CFTR causes the common lethal genetic disease cystic fibrosis. Transitions between open and closed states of CFTR are regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis on the cytosolic nucleotide binding domains, which are coupled with the transmembrane (TM) domains forming the pathway for anion permeation. Lack of structural data hampers a global understanding of CFTR and thus the development of “rational” approaches directly targeting defective CFTR. In this work, we explored possible conformational states of the CFTR gating cycle by means of homology modeling. As templates, we used structures of homologous ABC transporters, namely TM(287–288), ABC-B10, McjD, and Sav1866. In the light of published experimental results, structural analysis of the transmembrane cavity suggests that the TM(287–288)-based CFTR model could correspond to a commonly occupied closed state, whereas the McjD-based model could represent an open state. The models capture the important role played by Phe-337 as a filter/gating residue and provide structural information on the conformational transition from closed to open channel.
Predictive factors of allosensitization in renal transplant patients switched from calcineurin to mTOR inhibitors

Conversion of kidney‐transplant recipients from calcineurin inhibitors to mTOR inhibitors has been suggested to be a risk factor for increased alloimmune response. We have analyzed the development of new HLA‐antibodies (HLA‐Abs) early after conversion in 184 patients converted in stable phase at our hospital and compared with a control group of nonconverted comparable 63 transplants. Using single‐antigen solid‐phase immunoassay analysis, a preconversion and a 3–6 months postconversion sera were prospectively analyzed in every patient for the appearance of new HLA‐Abs. Renal function at 2 years postconversion and cumulative graft survival were compared between groups. In 16 patients, new HLA‐Abs (3‐DSA and 13‐NonDSA), not present at the moment of conversion, were detected (8.7% vs. 3.1% in the control group). The type of mTORi used, type of CNI preconversion, the presence of steroids, time of conversion, or indication for conversion did not have influence on this effect but the presence of HLA‐Abs before conversion highly correlated with the appearance of new specificities. Patients with de novo HLA‐Abs showed a trend to worst graft function and survival. In conclusion, conversion to mTORi can be followed by early appearance of de novo HLA‐Abs, especially in patients with HLA‐Abs preconversion, and this complication should be screened early after conversion.
BRIC and GIPS – who drives who? Evidence from newly developed asymmetric causality tests

ABSTRACT We investigate the asymmetric causal interaction between the stock markets of the GIPS (Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain) and those of the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) based on a newly developed asymmetric causality test by Hatemi-J (2012) [Hatemi-J, A. 2012. “Asymmetric Causality Tests with an Application. ” Empirical Economics 43: 447–456. doi:10.1007/s00181-011-0484-x]. We confirm a significant stock market interaction between the two blocs in which the BRIC drives the GIPS but not vice versa. Thus, the BRIC seems to be more influential on the GIPS than the GIPS on the BRIC. However, this interaction occurs only during downmarket conditions but not during upmarket times. The BRIC pulls down the GIPS during bad times but does not pull them up during good times. These results have significant implications for international policymakers and provide further evidence on the existence of asymmetric causal interactions between financial markets.
Multifocal, Nascent, and Invasive Myoepithelial Carcinoma (Malignant Myoepithelioma) of the Breast: An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study

This report describes the light microscopic (LM), immunohistochemical (IHC), and electron microscopic (EM) features of a multifocal, nascent, and invasive myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast. By LM, the spindle cells disclosed fibrillar acidophilic cytoplasm, mild nuclear atypia, and a low mitotic index. Myoepithelial differentiation was established through IHC (single- and double-labeling techniques) and EM: periductal and infiltrating spindle cells coexpressed total muscle actin, a-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, cytokeratin 14, and pankeratin, and their EM features were characteristic of myoepithelial cells, i.e., perinuclear tonofilaments, subplasmalemmal bundles of microfilaments with dense bodies, intermediate junctions, poorly developed desmosomes, pinocytic vesicles, and fragmented external lamina. No invasive epithelial cells disclosed luminal differentiation (by LM, IHC, EM), identifying, thus, this neoplasm as a pure spindle cell myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast.
Effect of hematocrit reduction on hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise.

We wished to determine the effect of a 25% hematocrit reduction on glucoregulatory hormone release and glucose fluxes during exercise. In five anemic dogs, plasma glucose fell by 21 mg/dl and in five controls by 7 mg/dl by the end of the 90-min exercise period. After 50 min of exercise, hepatic glucose production (Ra) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) began to rise disproportionately in anemics compared with controls. By the end of exercise, the increase in Ra was almost threefold higher (delta 15.1 +/- 3.4 vs. delta 5.2 +/- 1.3 mg X kg-1 X min-1) and MCR nearly fourfold (delta 24.6 +/- 8.8 vs. delta 6.5 +/- 1.3 ml X kg-1 X min-1). Exercise with anemia, in relation to controls resulted in elevated levels of glucagon [immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) delta 1,283 +/- 507 vs delta 514 +/- 99 pg/ml], norepinephrine (delta 1,592 +/- 280 vs. delta 590 +/- 155 pg/ml), epinephrine (delta 2,293 +/- 994 vs. delta 385 +/- 186 pg/ml), cortisol (delta 6.7 +/- 2.2 vs. delta 2.1 +/- 1.0 micrograms/dl) and lactate (delta 12.1 +/- 2.2 vs. delta 4.2 +/- 1.8 mg/dl) after 90 min. Immunoreactive insulin and free fatty acids were similar in both groups. In conclusion, exercise with a 25% hematocrit reduction results in 1) elevated lactate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and IRG levels, 2) an increased Ra which is likely related to the increased counterregulatory response, and 3) we speculate that a near fourfold increase in MCR is related to metabolic changes due to hypoxia in working muscle. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Outcomes for Latin American Versus White Patients Suffering From Acute Mania in a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Olanzapine and Haloperidol

Data from a published double-blind randomized trial comparing olanzapine versus haloperidol in acute mania were used to address the response and tolerability of Latin American patients. Primary efficacy end point was the remission rate (Young Mania Rating Scale score ≤12 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of ≤8). Patients were analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis. The mean modal doses (milligrams per day) were similar in Latin American (OL) (14.2; n = 51) and white (OC) (15.1; n = 120) patients treated with olanzapine, and in Latin American (HL) (7.1; n = 48) and white (HC) (8.5; n = 113) patients treated with haloperidol. At week 6, remission rates were similar among the OL and HL patients (64.7% vs. 68.8%) but were higher in the OC than in HC (49.2% vs. 32.7%; P = 0.012). Significantly more HL than OL patients experienced extrapyramidal symptoms such as akathisia and tremor. Tremor was significantly higher in HL than in HC patients, whereas a significant increase in the Barnes Akathisia Scale and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores was observed in HC versus HL. Somnolence and weight gain were significantly higher in OL than in OC patients, and more OL and OC patients experienced weight gain in comparison with the HL and HC groups, respectively. The incidence of nonfasting glucose levels above normal levels did not statistically differ between groups. In conclusion, in contrast to our findings among white patients, the Latin American patients who have acute mania did not differ in overall response to olanzapine or haloperidol. The pattern of adverse events differed between treatment groups. Prospective clinical trials in Latin American bipolar populations are justified.
A Bayesian Mixture of Lasso Regressions with t-Errors

Motivated by a challenging problem in financial trading we are presented with a mixture of regressions with variable selection problem. In this regard, one is faced with data which possess outliers, skewness and, simultaneously, due to the nature of financial trading, one would like to be able to construct clusters with specific predictors that are fairly sparse. We develop a Bayesian mixture of lasso regressions with $t-$errors to reflect these specific demands. The resulting model is necessarily complex and to fit the model to real data, we develop a state-of-the-art Particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC) algorithm based upon sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods. The model and algorithm are investigated on both simulated and real data.
Listening to student experiences of supervision

This article presents the findings from a qualitative study which explored student perceptions of their fieldwork supervision experiences and the relevance of this to key stakeholders in fieldwork. Participants perceived their supervision experiences were due to their understanding of the purpose and process of supervision; their assertiveness; supervisor experience and skill; the relationship and perceived compatibility between supervisee and supervisor, and luck. The implications identified from this study include the preparation of key stakeholders in fieldwork and the pivotal role and responsibility held by fieldwork coordinators in schools of social work.
Coverage and causes of missed Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination in urban and rural areas of Peshawar.

BACKGROUND Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. Hib vaccine was introduced in 2009 in EPI programme. The purpose of this study was to find out the coverage and factors associated with non-immunization of Hib in urban and rural areas of Peshawar. METHODS Data was collected through random sampling in Peshawar University, Peshawar Saddar, Hashtnagri, Naway Kalay and Pawaka from 9th to 19th of June 2010. A questionnaire was used to interview parents of 600 children aged 1 year and below about demographics, Hib vaccination status, reasons for missed vaccination and views on immunization. Pearson's Chi-square test was used for statistical testing, and p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Completely vaccinated children were 64.2%, 25% not vaccinated at all, and 11% were incompletely vaccinated. The reasons for not vaccinating were lack of awareness (26%), family problem/mother busy (18%), centre too far (16.9%), wrong ideas (12.2%), fear of reaction (5.4%), child illness (8.1%) and miscellaneous causes (13.7%). CONCLUSION Low Hib vaccination coverage in Peshawar is mainly due to low awareness among people, poor economic conditions and illiteracy.