Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The National Veteran Sleep Disorder Study: Descriptive Epidemiology and Secular Trends, 2000-2010.

STUDY OBJECTIVES A large proportion of individuals affected by sleep disorders are untreated and susceptible to accidents, injuries, long-term sequelae (e.g., risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, psychiatric disorders), and increased mortality risk. Few studies have examined the scope and magnitude of sleep disorder diagnoses in the United States (US) or factors influencing them. Veterans are particularly vulnerable to factors that elicit or exacerbate sleep disorders. METHODS This serial cross-sectional study characterized secular trends in diagnosed sleep disorders among veterans seeking care in US Veterans Health Administration facilities over an eleven-year span (FY2000-2010, n = 9,786,778). Electronic medical records from the national Veterans Administration Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database were accessed. Cases were defined using diagnostic codes specified by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Age-adjusted annual prevalence was summarized by sex, race, combat exposure, body mass index, and comorbid diagnoses (cardiovascular disease, cancer, mental disorders). RESULTS Sleep apnea (47%) and insomnia (26%) were the most common diagnoses among patients with any sleep disorder. There was a six-fold relative increase in total sleep disorder prevalence over the study period. Posttraumatic stress disorder, which tripled over the same time period, was associated with the highest prevalence of sleep disorders (16%) among the comorbid conditions evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a growing need for integration of sleep disorder management with patient care and health care planning among US veterans. COMMENTARY A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 1331.
Multilocus Phylogeography and Species Delimitation in the Cumberland Plateau Salamander, Plethodon kentucki: Incongruence among Data Sets and Methods

Species are a fundamental unit of biodiversity, yet can be challenging to delimit objectively. This is particularly true of species complexes characterized by high levels of population genetic structure, hybridization between genetic groups, isolation by distance, and limited phenotypic variation. Previous work on the Cumberland Plateau Salamander, Plethodon kentucki, suggested that it might constitute a species complex despite occupying a relatively small geographic range. To examine this hypothesis, we sampled 135 individuals from 43 populations, and used four mitochondrial loci and five nuclear loci (5693 base pairs) to quantify phylogeographic structure and probe for cryptic species diversity. Rates of evolution for each locus were inferred using the multidistribute package, and time calibrated gene trees and species trees were inferred using BEAST 2 and *BEAST 2, respectively. Because the parameter space relevant for species delimitation is large and complex, and all methods make simplifying assumptions that may lead them to fail, we conducted an array of analyses. Our assumption was that strongly supported species would be congruent across methods. Putative species were first delimited using a Bayesian implementation of the GMYC model (bGMYC), Geneland, and Brownie. We then validated these species using the genealogical sorting index and BPP. We found substantial phylogeographic diversity using mtDNA, including four divergent clades and an inferred common ancestor at 14.9 myr (95% HPD: 10.8–19.7 myr). By contrast, this diversity was not corroborated by nuclear sequence data, which exhibited low levels of variation and weak phylogeographic structure. Species trees estimated a far younger root than did the mtDNA data, closer to 1.0 myr old. Mutually exclusive putative species were identified by the different approaches. Possible causes of data set discordance, and the problem of species delimitation in complexes with high levels of population structure and introgressive hybridization, are discussed.
Induction of Antibodies Protecting against Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus (TGEV) by Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing TGEV Spike Protein

Abstract Ten recombinant adenoviruses expressing either fragments of 1135, 1587, or 3329 nt or the full-length spike gene of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) have been constructed. These recombinants produce S polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 68, 86, 135, and 200 kDa, respectively. Expression of the recombinant antigen driven by Ad5 promoters was inhibited by the insertion of an exogenous SV-40 promoter. Most of the recombinant antigens remain intracytoplasmic in infected cells. All the recombinant-directed expression products contain functional antigenic sites C and B (Gebaueret al.,1991,Virology183, 225–238). The recombinant antigen of 135 kDa and that of 200 kDa, which represents the whole spike protein, also contain antigenic sites D and A, which have previously been shown to be the major inducers of TGEV-neutralizing antibodies. Interestingly, here we show that recombinant S protein fragments expressing only sites C and B also induced TGEV-neutralizing antibodies. The chimeric Ad5–TGEV recombinants elicited lactogenic immunity in hamsters, including the production of TGEV-neutralizing antibodies. The antisera induced in swine by the Ad5 recombinants expressing the amino-terminal 26% of the spike protein (containing sites C and B) or the full-length spike protein, when mixed with a lethal dose of virus prior to administration to susceptible piglets, delayed or completely prevented the induction of symptoms of disease, respectively.
Use of Toenail Fluoride Levels as an Indicator for the Risk of Hip and Forearm Fractures in Women

The relation between fluoride intake and risk of osteoporotic fractures remains unclear. The lack of individual measures of long-term fluoride intake has limited epidemiologic studies. We used toenail fluoride in this study as a measure of long-term intake to evaluate the relation between fluoride intake and subsequent risk of hip and distal forearm fractures. Between 1982 and 1984, we collected toenail clippings from 62,641 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were free from cancer, heart disease, stroke, and previous hip or forearm fracture. We identified fracture cases (53 proximal femur and 188 distal forearm) through subsequent biennial mailed questionnaires and matched controls to cases on year of birth. The odds ratio of hip fracture among women in the highest quartile of toenail fluoride [>5.50 parts per million (ppm)], compared with those in the lowest quartile (> 2.00 ppm), was 0.8 (95% confidence interval = 0.2–4.0), with adjustment for menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, caffeine intake, and alcohol consumption. The corresponding adjusted odds ratio for forearm fracture was 1.6 (95% confidence interval = 0.8–3.1). Further adjustment for body mass index, smoking status, and calcium and vitamin D intake did not alter these results. (Epidemiology 1998;9:412–416)
Flavonoids in Selected Primula Spp.: Bridging Micromorphology with Chemodiversity

A combined study was carried out on the micromorphology and chemistry of glandular trichomes with focus on Primula vialii and P. vulgaris, respectively. Epifluorescence microscopy was applied to study the auto-fluorescent properties of flavonoids and their localization in glandular trichomes. Both species differed in the morphology of the glandular trichomes and in the exudate flavonoid composition. Leaf glands from P. vialii and from some species of subgen. Primula exhibited uniform glandular fluorescence, but notable differentiation was observed within a single leaf of P. vulgaris. Our observations indicate that exudate flavonoids are not transported from the tissue to the glandular hairs. Conversely, only the newly isolated glycoside 1 (kaempferol 3-O-(2″’-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside) was obtained from leaf tissue of P. vialii after removal of the exudate. Its structure was confirmed by NMR and mass spectrometry. This glycoside was not detected in tissue extracts of P. vulgaris after similar treatment. The observed chemical diversity is discussed, with focus on possible correlation with glandular structures and tissue differentiation in Primula, and also against other studied species. Aspects of biosynthesis in relation to tissue-specific flavonoid diversification are shortly addressed.
Intraoperative and early postoperative chemotherapy into the abdominal cavity using gemcitabine may prevent postoperative occurence of peritoneal carcinomatosis

Malignant tumors of various abdominal organs are blamed to be the cause of death in approximately 40% of cases per year in Western Europe. At the time of death, about half of them show peritoneal carcinomatosis which is considered an unfavorable prognostic factor. In case of peritoneal carcinomatosis, there is no curative treatment available for any of the tumors in the abdominal cavity. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the preventive potential of intra‐operative or early postoperative local adminstration of gemcitabine into the abdominal cavity against peritoneal carcinomatosis.
CEO long-term orientation and elite university education

Scholars have advocated the importance of a long-term orientation to the sustainable management of organizations, but few have examined its sources. We develop more fully the concept of long-term orientation, and from the perspective of upper echelons theory, argue and demonstrate that a CEO’s human capital and motivation, as signaled by graduation from a top-ranked university, relates positively to three aspects reflecting long-term orientation. These include strategy in the form of profit reinvestment, R&D expenditure, and honest reporting of earnings; greater exclusive personal commitments of CEO time and finances to the firm; and stewardship of stakeholders such as employees and the community. Our findings are derived from a study of the BoardEx database of 1459 CEOs of US corporations from 2003 to 2013, and are robust to endogeneity concerns and to more inclusive rosters of elite universities.
The Future is a Moving Target: Predicting Political Instability

Abstract Previous research by Goldstone et al. (2010) generated a highly accurate predictive model of state-level political instability. Notably, this model identifies political institutions – and partial democracy with factionalism, specifically – as the most compelling factors explaining when and where instability events are likely to occur. This article reassesses the model’s explanatory power and makes three related points: (1) the model’s predictive power varies substantially over time; (2) its predictive power peaked in the period used for out-of-sample validation (1995–2004) in the original study and (3) the model performs relatively poorly in the more recent period. The authors find that this decline is not simply due to the Arab Uprisings, instability events that occurred in autocracies. Similar issues are found with attempts to predict nonviolent uprisings (Chenoweth and Ulfelder 2017) and armed conflict onset and continuation (Hegre et al. 2013). These results inform two conclusions: (1) the drivers of instability are not constant over time and (2) care must be exercised in interpreting prediction exercises as evidence in favor or dispositive of theoretical mechanisms.
Pyomelanin from Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica reduces biofouling

Members of the marine bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas are efficient producers of antifouling agents that exert inhibitory effects on the settlement of invertebrate larvae. The production of pigmented secondary metabolites by Pseudoalteromonas has been suggested to play a role in surface colonization. However, the physiological characteristics of the pigments produced by Pseudoalteromonas remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized a genetic variant that hyperproduces a dark‐brown pigment and was generated during Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica biofilm formation. Through whole‐genome resequencing combined with targeted gene deletion and complementation, we found that a point mutation within the hmgA gene, which encodes homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase, is solely responsible for the overproduction of the dark‐brown pigment pyomelanin. In P. lipolytica, inactivation of the hmgA gene led to the formation of extracellular pyomelanin and greatly reduced larval settlement and metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus coruscus. Additionally, the extracted pyomelanin from the hmgA deletion mutant and the in vitro‐synthesized pyomelanin also reduced larval settlement and metamorphosis of M. coruscus, suggesting that extracellular pyomelanin released from marine Pseudoalteromonas biofilm can inhibit the settlement of fouling organisms.
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of the central nervous system: management and outcomes.

OBJECT Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) represent a relatively newly categorized neoplastic entity. They commonly present in childhood, and have a rapidly progressive clinical course with a survival time of less than 1 year. Treatment regimens have been nonuniform. In this retrospective review of patients with ATRTs who were treated at the authors' institution according to a uniform protocol, the goal was to assess the efficacy of the treatment and its outcome. METHODS Over a 7-year period, ATRT was diagnosed in 11 patients (six boys and five girls). The median age of the patients was 61 months, and their ages ranged from 3 months to 17 years. Signs and symptoms began, on average, a little more than 1 month before diagnosis and included the following: headache (36%), nausea and vomiting (46%), lethargy (18%), seizures (27%), cranial nerve findings (46%), ataxia (18%), long tract findings (18%), and hydrocephalus (46%). Tumor location was cortical in four patients, in the pineal region in four, in the posterior fossa in two, and spinal in one. In one patient disseminated disease was revealed on the initial imaging study; seven patients had disseminated tumor subsequently. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy in 11 patients, chemotherapy and local radiation in five, and chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation in three. Six patients are alive, three have died, and two were lost to follow-up review. The mean time to death was 24 months, and ranged from 2 to 67 months. Among the surviving patients the mean duration of follow up is 18.5 months and ranges from 2 to 37 months. The median time to progression was 3.5 months. CONCLUSIONS Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors are malignant lesions with rapid progression. Further study is necessary to determine the efficacy of therapy.
An Exploratory Study on the Influence of Family CEOs on Tax Aggressiveness in Private Family Firms: The Moderating Role of CEO Gender and Survival Risk

The main purpose of this study is to investigate tax aggressiveness within private family firms. Drawing on the socioemotional wealth perspective, we hypothesize that the presence of a family CEO is negatively related to tax aggressiveness. Furthermore, we argue that the family CEOâ€“tax aggressiveness relationship is moderated by individual- and firm-level factors. Specifically, we argue that the female gender of the CEO reinforces the negative impact of family CEOs on tax aggressiveness, whereas survival risk weakens the negative influence of having a family member at the helm of the company on tax aggressive strategies. Based on a balanced panel dataset of 1,953 observations, the results confirm our predictions and the validity of the socioemotional wealth model as an appropriate theoretical lens to explain tax aggressiveness across private family firms.
Different behavior of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in sandy soils after repeated fertilization with liquid manure

Recently we showed that tetracyclines tend to persist and may accumulate in sandy soils after repeated fertilizations with liquid manure. We continued these field investigations from 2001 to 2003 and observed no further accumulation of tetracyclines in soil, but found that the average tetracycline concentration remained higher than 150 μg/kg soil. From 2000 to 2002, approximately 330 g tetracycline, 7 g chlortetracycline, 28 g sulfamethazine, and 57 g sulfadiazine per hectare were transferred via liquid manure to the topsoil (0–30 cm). Nevertheless, no leaching of tetracyclines into deeper soil segments or groundwater was observed. Furthermore, we developed new analytical methods for the detection of various sulfonamides in liquid manure, soil, and groundwater. Investigation of the same fields used in the tetracycline study showed that sulfamethazine occurred in concentrations approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of tetracycline in the plow layer. Although there apparently were very low concentrations of sulfamethazine in soil, we detected it in groundwater sampled by suction probes at 1.4 m below soil surface in the spring of 2002. Further investigations confirmed these findings. To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence of continuous leaching of a veterinary drug from soil into groundwater under field conditions. We conclude that tetracyclines and sulfonamides show distinctly different environmental behaviors. One explanation may be their different sorption coefficients in soil, indicating (in part) their different mobilities in this ecosystem.
Diagnostic value of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in routine hematology practice.

BACKGROUND The bone marrow is frequently involved in variety of cases presenting with hematological and non-hematological disorders, which are diagnosed by two separate but interrelated techniques such as bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB). AIM This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the BMA and BMB and role of both the procedures to reach final diagnosis when done simultaneously. SETTINGS AND DESIGN It was a prospective study. The findings of BMA smears were correlated with BMB sections and data obtained was analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS BMA and BMB were performed on 50 patients. Criteria of inclusion included the main indications for performing this procedure, the availability of full medical records and patient consent. The patients had a male to female sex ratio of 1.6:1 and a wide age range from 4 years to 74 years. RESULTS In the present study, the main indications for bone marrow examination were categorized. Out of 50 cases studied, in 23 cases, a strong positive correlation between BMA and BMB was noted. However, it was found that in the cases of aplastic anaemia, different phases of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), multiple myeloma, tubercular granulomas and hemato-lymphoid neoplasm, involvement of the marrow was detected better in bone marrow biopsies. CONCLUSION The study concludes that preparations of aspirate and trephine biopsy are easy, rapid and complementary to each other in majority of the lesions. The advantage of both the procedures done together enabled us to study the cytomorphology of the cells along with the pattern of distribution of the cells depending on the cases, hence help in making the diagnosis accurately.
Customer willingness to participate in value co-creation: The moderating effect of social ties (empirical study of automobile customers in Ghana)

Abstract Value co-creation as a social process involves the interactions and dialogues between stakeholders. As such, the social ties that stakeholders develop have the propensity to influence their level of interaction in a co-creation activity. In this study, we examine the effect of social ties on consumer’s level of interaction and looked at how it moderates on consumers’ willingness to engage in interaction leading to co-creation. Data was collected from 535 automobile owners in Ghana through a self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using structural equation model in AMOS and statistical tool package. The test results on consumers’ willingness and level of interaction, willingness and co-creation, social ties and level of interaction, social ties and co-creation, interaction and co-creation are significant. On the moderating effect of social ties on willingness, the result shows that social ties strengthen the positive relationship between willingness and interaction. We propose that organizations should manage social ties they develop with their customers effectively so as not to impact negatively on their willingness to engage in co-creation interactions.
THE BANCRUPTCY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC - INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES

This article deals with the bankruptcy of entrepreneurial subjects and how bankruptcy rate is affected by macroeconomic variables. The article is based on the time series for the period from 1993 to 2012. The article analyses the influence of GDP, indebtedness of companies, inflation and interest rates on the number of declared bankruptcies. There might be supposed positive or negative correlation between GDP, indebtedness of companies, inflation and interest rates and the number of declared bankruptcies. Also there is tested lag in correlation between number of declared bankruptcies and GDP, indebtedness of companies, inflation and interest rates. My findings in this article confirm strong correlation between GDP, indebtedness of companies, inflation and interest rates and the number of declared bankruptcies.
The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus, and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract.

Six barrows of approximately 37 kg BW, fitted with two simple T-cannulas in the duodenum (25 cm posterior to the pylorus) and terminal ileum (12 to 15 cm anterior to the ileocecal junction), were fed two diets containing 2.1 g of P/kg in the form of phytic acid and a low intrinsic phytase activity (corn-soybean meal based diet [Diet A] or a typical Dutch diet [Diet B]) without or with supplementary microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger (var. ficuum) equal to 1,500 phytase units per kilogram of diet, in a crossover design. The apparent duodenal, ileal, and total tract (overall) digestibilities of DM, total P, and phytate P (phytic acid x .282) were calculated using both Cr-NDR (neutral detergent residue mordanted with Cr) and Co-EDTA as dual-phase markers. Concentration of total P in the ileal digesta (P less than .01) and feces (P less than .001) of pigs fed microbial phytase was lower than without this enzyme, irrespective of the diet. Ileal digestibility of total P was 18.5 and 29.8 percentage units higher (which was a 1.7- to 2.9-fold increase) due to added Aspergillus niger phytase (P less than .05). Also, total tract (overall) digestibility increased by 27.0 to 29.7 percentage units (P less than .01). Phytic acid concentration in the duodenal and ileal digesta of pigs receiving microbial phytase was lower (P less than .01 or .001), resulting in its higher ileal digestibility (dephosphorylation rate) by 50.1 percentage units for Diet A and by 75.4 percentage units for Diet B. Irrespective of the treatment, no phytase activity could be detected in the ileal digesta of pigs.
Staff Rotation as an Anti-Corruption Policy in China and in Germany: An Experimental Comparison

Abstract We conducted bribery experiments in China and in Germany to analyze the effect of staff rotation on corruption. After being bribed, Chinese and German subjects in the role of public officials less often reciprocated and instead behaved more often opportunistically when matched to strangers compared to partners. Thus, staff rotation reduced the public officials´ propensity to behave corruptly in our experiment. German subjects in the role of firms anticipated this behavior: In stranger matching, their frequency of bribe-giving was lower than in partner matching, and if they bribed, the bribe value was significantly lower when staff rotation was introduced. For Chinese subjects in the role of firms, this effect of our anti-corruption policy was not significant. We discuss the role of social norms, such as reciprocity and trust, to explain our results.