Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Group-based delivery of interventions in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: a scoping review

Abstract Purpose: Whilst there are potential advantages of group-based interventions in rehabilitation, facilitation of groups for patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has challenges due to the complexity of impairments experienced. This paper aims to review the literature concerning therapy groups within TBI rehabilitation. Method: A scoping review with systematic searching of relevant databases and review of reference lists of included studies was conducted. Key search terms included brain injury, group and rehabilitation OR therapy OR intervention. Studies were included if at least some participants had a TBI diagnosis and they investigated rehabilitation interventions conducted in a group setting. Articles were collated, summarised and key findings are presented. Results: The total number of included articles was 99. The results indicated group interventions are widely practised in TBI rehabilitation. Existing research consists mostly of pre–post intervention studies addressing cognitive impairments with outpatient participants. Most studies have identified significant positive changes on some targeted outcome measures suggesting group interventions are effective. Conclusions: Studies of the effectiveness of interventions targeting ‘real-world’ activities and participation-based goals are under-represented in the TBI rehabilitation literature. Further research investigating the effectiveness of group processes and the perceptions of patients and clinicians is warranted to guide clinical practice. Implications for Rehabilitation Group-based interventions are common in TBI rehabilitation, usually targeting cognitive skills and impairments. The majority of studies demonstrated positive changes pre–post group interventions on some outcome measures. Few studies directly compare the outcome of an intervention delivered in a group setting to the same intervention delivered in an individual setting. Patients perceive group interventions to be beneficial for sharing experiences and reducing isolation, receiving help and feedback and, assisting with adjustment and adaptation to life after TBI, however, this research is limited. Greater emphasis on group-delivered interventions that target ‘real world’ activities, or participation may be beneficial with this population. Further research regarding consumer experiences and processes that facilitate effective group interventions in TBI rehabilitation is recommended.
Elite Female Soccer Players Perform More High-Intensity Running When Playing in International Games Compared With Domestic League Games

Andersson, HÅ, Randers, MB, Heiner-Møller, A, Krustrup, P, and Mohr, M. Elite female soccer players perform more high-intensity running when playing in international games compared with domestic league games. J Strength Cond Res 24(4): 912-919, 2010-The purpose of this study was to compare movement pattern, fatigue development, and heart rate (HR) for top-class elite female players when playing international (INT) vs. domestic league games (DOM). Video-based time-motion analyses and HR recordings were performed on 17 players during INT and DOM. The distances covered in high-intensity running (HIR) and sprinting were longer (p < 0.05) in INT compared with DOM. More (p < 0.05) HIR was covered in INT than DOM during first and second half. Additionally, more (p < 0.05) sprinting occurred in INT compared with DOM in the first half. In both game types, the amount of HIR was reduced by 24-27% (p < 0.05) in the last 15-minute period compared with the first four 15-minute periods of the game. The midfielders covered longer (p < 0.05) distances with HIR in INT than in DOM over the entire game and in the most intense 5-minute period of the games, whereas no differences were observed between the game types for defenders. No difference in the HR response was found between INT and DOM. In conclusion, more HIR and sprinting occur in international compared with domestic games, which may affect the fatigue development for players in physically demanding roles. Thus, our results are important to coaches to prepare players to meet the challenges of international soccer games and show that the ability to perform intense intermittent exercise should be trained regularly in elite female players.
What are the top 10 physical activity research questions in schizophrenia?

Abstract Purpose: Research has only recently started to consider the applicability of physical activity (PA) for people with schizophrenia. Although there is increasing evidence for the benefits of physical activity, this population remains generally physically inactive and sedentary. The aim of the current study is to highlight 10 pertinent physical activity research questions in people with schizophrenia. Method: The International Organisation of Physical Therapy in Mental Health (IOPTMH) executed a consultation of its National Organisations (n = 13) to identify the most salient questions relevant to guide clinical practise on physical activity in people with schizophrenia. Results: We identified the following 10 questions: (1) What are the benefits of physical activity for people with schizophrenia? (2) What are the mechanisms of the physical activity effects in people with schizophrenia? (3) What are the most prominent safety issues for physical activity prescription in people with schizophrenia? (4) What is the most optimal physical activity prescription for people with schizophrenia? (5) What are the key barriers for engaging people with schizophrenia in physical activity? (6) What are the most effective motivational interventions for physical activity adoption and maintenance in people with schizophrenia? (7) How do we translate physical activity research into clinical and community practise? (8) How can we ensure integration of physical therapists within the multidisciplinary mental health treatment team? (9) How can we prevent sedentary behaviour in people with schizophrenia? (10) What is the most appropriate physical activity assessment method in clinical practise? Conclusions: Addressing these questions is critical for developing evidence-based approaches for promoting and sustaining an active lifestyle in people with schizophrenia. Ultimately, achieving this will improve the quality of life of this population. Implications for Rehabilitation Investigation of behaviour change interventions for people with schizophrenia is critical. A low cost, easy to use, clinical, valid physical activity questionnaire is urgently needed.
How do older people with sight loss manage their general health? A qualitative study

Abstract Purpose: Older people with sight loss experience a number of barriers to managing their health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how older people with sight loss manage their general health and explore the techniques used and strategies employed for health management. Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Health management challenges experienced included: managing multiple health conditions; accessing information; engaging in health behaviours and maintaining wellbeing. Positive strategies included: joining support groups, clubs and societies; using low vision aids; seeking support from family and friends and accessing support through health and social care services. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals need to be more aware of the challenges faced by older people with sight loss. Improved promotion of group support and charity services which are best placed to share information, provide fora to learn about coping techniques and strategies, and give older people social support to prevent isolation is needed. Rehabilitation and support services and equipment can only be beneficial if patients know what is available and how to access them. Over-reliance on self-advocacy in current healthcare systems is not conducive to patient-centred care. Implications for Rehabilitation Sight loss in older people can impact on many factors including health management. This study identifies challenges to health management and highlights strategies used by older people with sight loss to manage their health. Access to support often relies on patients seeking information for themselves. However, self-advocacy is challenging due to information accessibility barriers. Informal groups and charities play an important role in educating patients about their condition and advising on available support to facilitate health management.
Effects of Speed, Agility, Quickness Training Method on Power Performance in Elite Soccer Players

Jovanovic, M, Sporis, G, Omrcen, D, and Fiorentini, F. Effects of speed, agility, quickness training method on power performance in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1285-1292, 2011-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the speed, agility, quickness (SAQ) training method on power performance in soccer players. Soccer players were assigned randomly to 2 groups: experimental group (EG; n = 50) and control group (n = 50). Power performance was assessed by a test of quickness-the 5-m sprint, a test of acceleration-the 10-m sprint, tests of maximal speed-the 20- and the 30-m sprint along with Bosco jump tests-squat jump, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal CMJ, and continuous jumps performed with legs extended. The initial testing procedure took place at the beginning of the in-season period. The 8-week specific SAQ training program was implemented after which final testing took place. The results of the 2-way analysis of variance indicated that the EG improved significantly (p < 0.05) in 5-m (1.43 vs. 1.39 seconds) and in 10-m (2.15 vs. 2.07 seconds) sprints, and they also improved their jumping performance in countermovement (44.04 vs. 4.48 cm) and continuous jumps (41.08 vs. 41.39 cm) performed with legs extended (p < 0.05). The SAQ training program appears to be an effective way of improving some segments of power performance in young soccer players during the in-season period. Soccer coaches could use this information in the process of planning in-season training. Without proper planning of the SAQ training, soccer players will most likely be confronted with decrease in power performance during in-season period.
Comparison of Training and Game Demands of National Level Cricketers

Petersen, CJ, Pyne, DB, Dawson, BT, Kellett, AD, and Portus, MR. Comparison of training and game demands of national level cricketers. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1306-1311, 2011-Although the physiological demands of cricket match play are emerging, the demands of contemporary training practices have not been reported. The aim of this study was to quantify the physiological demands of selected cricket training activities and compare these to known match demands. Twenty-eight different training activities were monitored in national academy level cricketers (n = 42) using global positioning system units during a 14-week residential training program. The training activities were classified into 3 categories: conditioning sessions (n = 8), skill sessions (n = 9), and game simulations (n = 11). Conditioning sessions were further classified into high- (n = 4) and low- (n = 4) intensity drills. Time-motion measures included movement patterns (walk, jog, run, stride, and sprint distances), total distance covered, number of sprints, number of high-intensity efforts, maximum speed, and recovery time between high-intensity efforts. Inferential statistics were used to quantify magnitudes of difference between various training drills. Movement patterns were then compared to recently published game data (Twenty20, One-Day, and Multiday games) from the same sample group of cricketers. Conditioning drills were twice as long in duration as skill drills and twice as intense as both the skill and game simulation drills. Exercising heart rates were 9-26% and lactate levels up to 3.5 times higher in conditioning compared to other training drills. Conditioning drills matched or exceeded (up to 10 b·min−1; 5%) peak game heart rates. Conversely, skill and simulation drills replicated mean game heart rates for some, but not all positions. In conclusion, training replicates or exceeds cricket match demands in conditioning-type drills but not in simulation or skill-based drills. Modification of skill and simulation training drill practices will ensure closer replication of match and training demands.
A Valid Field Test Protocol of Linear Speed and Agility in Rugby Union

Green, BS, Blake C, and Caulfield, BM. A valid field test protocol of linear speed and agility in rugby union. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1256-1262, 2011-Field testing is a key component to measure player performance in all sports, which provides coaches and strength and conditioning staff information to evaluate player performance and measure desired training effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and construct validity of a rugby union field test protocol based on analysis of the components of the game. Participants were placed in an Academy (n = 17) or Club (n = 11) group determined by current playing level. Trials of 10- and 30-m linear speed (LS), change of direction speed, and reactive agility speed were measured to evaluate the field test protocol's utility in distinguishing players of different playing abilities. Reliability analysis of each field test demonstrated stable values allowing this field test protocol to be used to compare between groups. Furthermore, the Academy players performed significantly (p < 0.05) faster compared to Club players in all LS and agility components. These results suggest that this field test protocol is appropriate to identify rugby union players of varying playing abilities allowing coaches and strength and fitness staff to measure a player's capability to execute critical aspects of the game and may have application in performance evaluation and talent identification. The results from this study suggest that this test battery is an appropriate measure in identifying the varying playing abilities of rugby union players. This enables coaches and fitness staff to assess a player's capability in executing critical aspects of the game and also may have application in performance evaluation and talent identification.
MECHANISMS OF POST-TRANSPLANT OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS STUDY IN A PORCINE HETEROTOPIC BRONCHIAL TRANSPLANTATION MODEL

Although lung transplantation has become a therapeutic option in treating end-stage lung disease, its long-term results in lung transplantation are still modest. The most threatening complication after lung transplantation is obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). Histologically, OB manifests as epithelial injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and finally obliteration of the small airways. The exact pathogenesis of OB is still in part unknown, but it is primarily considered a manifestation of chronic allograft rejection. The purpose of this thesis was to further elucidate the mechanisms of OB in a heterotopic porcine bronchial transplantation model. The focus was on the occurrence of apoptotic cell death in respiratory epithelial injury (I), on the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (II), of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) (III) in graft inflammation and fibrosis, and of the expression of collagen types I and III (IV). In a heterotopic porcine bronchial transplantation model, small peripheral bronchi were implanted subcutaneously. Bronchial autografts showed preservation of normal histological structures, whereas in nonimmunosuppressed allografts, respiratory epithelial damage and total bronchial obliteration occurred within three weeks (I-IV). These histopathological changes were similar to those observed in human OB. The apoptotic rate of graft epithelial cells was analyzed by labeling fragmented DNA (TUNEL-staining) (I). In nontreated allografts and in allografts with inadequate immunosuppression, the apoptotic indexes of the epithelium were high (>1% of the cells apoptotic), and increased with progressing epithelial damage preceding bronchial obliteration. In allografts receiving effective immunosuppression to prevent alloimmune activation, the rate of epithelial apoptosis was similar to that observed in control autografts (<1% of the cells apoptotic). These results offer further evidence that the apoptotic death of epithelial cells in OB is an important mechanism in events leading to graft deterioration. Immunohistochemical stainings revealed TNF-α expression in epithelial and inflammatory cells, in endothelium, and in fibroblasts (II). TNF-α expression was significantly up-regulated in the allografts in comparison to that in autografts. TNF-α inhibition with infliximab, an antiTNF-α antibody, reduced inflammation, rate of epithelial loss, fibrosis, and obliteration early in OB development. It reduced the numbers of TNF-α-positive epithelial and inflammatory
Effects of Ramadan fasting on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer

BACKGROUND: As, acid negatively affects duodenal and gastric mucosal defense, we designed this study to investigate if fasting during Ramadan can promote peptic ulcer and its complication, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. METHODS: All patients files who had admitted to hospital with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding from 10 th day of Ramadan till one month later, in 2002 to 2004 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: fasting group who were fasting, at least 10 days before admission and non-fasting group. RESULTS: A total of 236 patients were included in the study; fasting group involved 108 subjects and non-fasting group 128 ones. Both groups were matched regarding sex, predisposing factors and underlying diseases. Fasting group showed more frequent duodenal ulcer (38%) compared to non-fasting group (19.5%) (P = 0.002). The frequency of esophageal varices was significantly higher in non-fasting group. There was no correlation between fasting and other causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. In fasting group 38%, and in non-fasting group 18.9%, had previous dyspeptic symptoms (P = 0.001). Two groups were similar regarding prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: It seems Ramadan fasting can increase acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal ulcer, but it does not make its prognosis poorer than that in non-fasting patients. Dyspeptic symptoms could be considered as alarming signs for patients who want to fast during Ramadan.
The Effects of Circadian Rhythmicity of Salivary Cortisol and Testosterone on Maximal Isometric Force, Maximal Dynamic Force, and Power Output

Teo, W, McGuigan, MR, and Newton, MJ. The effects of circadian rhythmicity of salivary cortisol and testosterone on maximal isometric force, maximal dynamic force, and power output. J Strength Cond Res 25(6): 1538-1545, 2011—The study investigated the effects of circadian rhythm of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) on maximal force production (Fpeak) and power output (Ppeak). Twenty male university students (mean age = 23.8 ± 3.6 years, height = 177.5 ± 6.4 cm, weight = 78.9 ± 11.2 kg) performed 4 time-of-day testing sessions consisting of countermovement jumps (CMJs), squat jumps (SJ), isometric midthigh pulls (IMTPs), and a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) squat. Saliva samples were collected at 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 hours to assess T and C levels on each testing day. Session rate-of-perceived exertion (RPE) scores were collected after each session. The results showed that Fpeak and Ppeak presented a clear circadian rhythm in CMJ and IMTP but not in SJ. One repetition maximum squat did not display a clear circadian rhythm. Session RPE scores collected at 0800 and 2000 hours were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than those obtained at 1200 and 1600 hours. Salivary T and C displayed a clear circadian rhythm with highest values at 0800 hours and lowest at 2000 hours; however, no significant correlation was found between T and C with Fpeak and Ppeak. A very strong correlation was found between Taural with Fpeak of CMJ and IMTP and Ppeak of CMJ (r = 0.86, r = 0.84 and r = 0.8, p ≤ 0.001). The study showed the existence of a circadian rhythm in Fpeak and Ppeak in CMJ and IMTP. The evidence suggests that strength and power training or testing should be scheduled later during the day. The use of Taural seemed to be a more effective indicator of physical performance than hormonal measures, and the use of session RPE should also be closely monitored because it may present a circadian rhythm.
Kinematic Motion of the Windmill Softball Pitch in Prepubescent and Pubescent Girls

Oliver, GD, Dwelly, PM, and Kwon, Y-H. Kinematic motion of the windmill softball pitch in prepubescent and pubescent girls. J Strength Cond Res 24(9): 2400-2407, 2010-This study examined the joint motions and movement patterns of the kinetic chain in the ballistic skill of performing the windmill pitch. Seventeen healthy girls who were currently playing competitive fast-pitch softball volunteered for the study. Subjects were instructed to perform 5 successful fastball windmill style deliveries. We selected 1 pitch for analysis based on the velocity, accuracy, and subjects' input. Kwon3D motion analysis package (Visol., Inc., Seoul, Korea), with 6 digital camcorders placed at 60° apart was used for analysis. Raw data were interpolated using a frequency of 60 Hz and then smoothed using Butterworth low-pass second-order filter with a fixed cut-off frequency of 6 Hz. The subjects were divided into groups based on skill level: novice, intermediate, and advanced. Sequential progression of kinematic variables that resulted in increased throwing velocity and the contribution each segment (upper arm, forearm, and hand) possessed toward ball velocity with descriptive statistics and path analysis were assessed. There was evidence of sequentiality among the arm segments in the intermediate and advanced groups. The patterns of the shared positive contributions made by each of the limb segments were similar among the 3 groups of participants. The novice group tended to rely on more of the upper arm and forearm than the other 2 groups. From this study, it is evident that all emphasis should not be placed on the shoulder, but training and conditioning methods should focus on the entire kinetic chain including the torso and the full arm segment, not just the shoulder in an attempt to gain the greatest velocity while performing the 360° arc of the windmill softball pitch.