Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrosion of carbon steel under anaerobic conditions in a repository for SF and HLW in Opalinus Clay Fraser

Nagra is considering carbon steel as one of the canister material options for the disposal of highlevel waste and spent fuel in a deep geological repository in Opalinus Clay. Following a brief period of aerobic conditions, the canister will be exposed to an anaerobic environment for much of its service life. Knowledge of the rate of anaerobic corrosion is important not only for estimating the canister lifetime but also for determining the rate of hydrogen generation. This report describes a critical review of the anaerobic corrosion behaviour of carbon steel under environmental conditions similar to those expected in the repository. The aims of the report are: 1. to recommend a (range of) long-term anaerobic corrosion rate(s) for carbon steel canisters, and 2. to justify the use of this rate in safety assessments based on a mechanistic understanding of the structure and properties of the protective corrosion product films. The review is based on selected studies from various national nuclear waste management programs, supplemented where appropriate with studies from other applications and with evidence from archaeological analogues. The corrosion rate of carbon steel decreases with time because of the formation of a protective surface film. There are differences in behaviour in bulk solution and in the presence of compacted bentonite. In bulk solution, the corrosion rate decreases to an apparent steady-state rate after a period of approximately six months, with a long-term rate of the order of 0.1 μm⋅yr. The surface film comprises a duplex structure, with a magnetite outer layer and a spinel-type inner layer. In compacted clay systems the rate of decrease in corrosion rate is slower, with steadystate not being reached after several years of exposure. There is a significant body of evidence from apparently well-conducted experiments that indicate an anaerobic corrosion rate of the order of 1 – 2 μm⋅yr in systems containing compacted clay and the protective films tend to be carbonate-based rather than magnetite-based. There is no evidence in the literature that the use of a constant long-term corrosion rate for safety assessment purposes is not justified. Factors that are important in determining the structure and properties of the corrosion product film are reviewed, including the effects of the aerobicanaerobic transition on the film composition and structure, possible spalling of protective films, and the effect of the accumulation of corrosion products on the corrosion rate of the underlying steel.
The impact of natural versus anthropogenic aerosols on atmospheric circulation and clouds in the Community Atmosphere Model

The Community Atmosphere Model, using both climatologically varying sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and a slab ocean model (SOM), is used to investigate the equilibrium response of the direct effects of anthropogenic and natural aerosols on climate, focusing on circulation and clouds. Aerosol forcing is prescribed based on a recently developed satellite-based aerosol data set. We find that aerosols are capable of significantly affecting local and remote atmospheric circulation and that absorbing versus reflecting aerosols leads to opposite circulation changes. At low latitudes, anthropogenic aerosols, which primarily warm the Northern Hemisphere (NH), strengthen (weaken) the mean meridional mass circulation during December-January-February (June-July-August). This is associated with a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Natural aerosols, which primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the NH, have the opposite effect. These changes are largest in the SOM experiments. Aerosols also have a remote impact on DJF NH midand high-latitude circulation, forcing changes similar to the Arctic Oscillation, but only in the prescribed SST experiments. Anthropogenic aerosols lead to an increase (decrease) in zonal wind near 60(30)◦N, high-latitude surface (stratospheric) warming (cooling), and reduced high-latitude surface pressure. Natural aerosols have the opposite effect. These changes are associated with changes in the vertical propagation of wave activity, which drives wave-mean flow interaction in the lower stratosphere. We also find anthropogenic aerosols–especially during June-July-August– lead to a significant semi-direct cloud effect, with increasing (decreasing) low-level cloud at low (mid) latitudes. These results suggests aerosol type enhances variability of both tropical and extratropical circulation and accurate specification of aerosols is necessary to simulate low and high latitude climate change.
Growth and performance of lambs fed a finishing diet containing either Alfalfa or Kenaf as the roughage source

The objective of this research was to compare Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) to Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a roughage source in the finishing diets of lambs. Spring-born purebred Suffolk ewe and wether lambs (average body weight, BW = 31.8 kg) were blocked by sex and sire then randomly assigned within block to pens (total of eight pens; four pens per sex). Within sex, pens were then randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments. Replacing Alfalfa hay in the finishing diet of lambs with Kenaf hay had no significant effect on average daily gain (Alfalfa = 200 g; Kenaf= 191 g), average daily feed consumption (Alfalfa= 1706 g; Kenaf= 1646 g), or feed efficiency (Alfalfa= 9.17 kg of feed per kg of gain; Kenaf = 9.41 kg of feed per kg of gain). From these data, we conclude that Kenaf hay can replace Alfalfa hay in the finishing diets of lambs without significantly affecting lamb performance, feed intake, or feed efficiency. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Cumulative Prospect Theory , Option Prices , and the Variance Premium ∗

The variance premium and the pricing of out-of-the-money (OTM) equity index options are major challenges to standard asset pricing models. We develop a tractable equilibrium model with Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) preferences that can overcome both challenges. The key insight is that the variance premium can be written as the expected return on a portfolio of OTM call and put options, and the probability weighting feature of CPT can explain the puzzlingly low returns observed for these options. Using GMM on a sample of U.S. index option returns between 1996 and 2010, we show that the CPT model ts well observed option prices and, therefore, the variance premium. In a dynamic setting, probability weighting and time-varying equity return volatility combine to match the observed time-series pattern of the variance premium. JEL Classi cation: C15, G11, G13
Mutual Funds and Affiliated Analyst Recommendations : Optimism or Information Sharing ?

This study examines whether the group affiliation between asset management firms and brokerage firms influences sell-side analyst recommendations. Using fund holdings data of mutual funds firms belonging to business groups in Korea (i.e., chaebols), we examine whether affiliated analysts differently treat stocks held by fund management firms in the same chaebol from other stocks. Our main results show that analysts provide more accurate forecasts on affiliated stocks, indicating that analysts take advantage of information on those stocks shared with their affiliated fund managers. Although our overall results support the information sharing argument, analysts are found to be selectively optimistic about highly valuable stocks to affiliated fund managers.
On Metropolis Growth

We consider the scaling laws, second-order statistics and entropy of the consumed energy of metropolis cities which are hybrid complex systems comprising social networks, engineering systems, agricultural output, economic activity and energy components. We abstract a city in terms of two fundamental variables; $s$ resource cells (of unit area) that represent energy-consuming geographic or spatial zones (e.g. land, housing or infrastructure etc.) and a population comprising $n$ mobile units that can migrate between these cells. We show that with a constant metropolis area (fixed $s$), the variance and entropy of consumed energy initially increase with $n$, reach a maximum and then eventually diminish to zero as saturation is reached. These metrics are indicators of the spatial mobility of the population. Under certain situations, the variance is bounded as a quadratic function of the mean consumed energy of the metropolis. However, when population and metropolis area are endogenous, growth in the latter is arrested when $n\leq\frac{s}{2}\log(s)$ due to diminished population density. Conversely, the population growth reaches equilibrium when $n\geq {s}\log{n}$ or equivalently when the aggregate of both over-populated and under-populated areas is large. Moreover, we also draw the relationship between our approach and multi-scalar information, when economic dependency between a metropolis's sub-regions is based on the entropy of consumed energy. Finally, if the city's economic size (domestic product etc.) is proportional to the consumed energy, then for a constant population density, we show that the economy scales linearly with the surface area (or $s$).
NATIONAL IDENTITY OF YOUNG ADOLESCENTS OF CZECH AND BULGARIAN ORIGIN

The purpose of this study was to examine the structure of national identity among young adolescents of Bulgarian and Czech origin. University students (N=161) completed the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised (MEIM-R) (Phinney & Ong, 2007), four measures of psychological well-being and a measure of salience of ethnicity. Factor analyses of data for the two national groups yielded a two-factor structure that corresponded to two theoretical approaches to ethnic identity, as hypothesised. Similar patterns in magnitude of loadings were observed across groups, indicating that the MEIM-R could be used as a global composite index of national identity. National identity was related positively to measures of psychological well-being such as mastery, self-esteem and optimism, and negatively to measure of loneliness. MEIM-R scores were also moderately correlated with salience (the importance of a person’s own national background in his or her life), across national groups.
STRATEGIC CHOICES AMONG FOUNDER AND NON-FOUNDER CEOS : AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

The literature on founder-CEO influence on firm performance seems to particularly focus on founders’ role at the early stage of venture formation such as initial public offering (IPO). While they obviously play a crucial role in creating organizational identity at the firm’s inception, their role as leaders of larger and older organizations is yet unclear. The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine whether founder-CEO led firms significantly differ from their non-founder counterparts in their strategic choices. We tested our predictions on 111 publicly-traded U.S. manufacturing firms between 1985-2010. The results of our empirical analysis generally indicate that there is indeed a statistically significant difference in the level of merger & acquisition intensity.
New Perspectives On Bullying

It's coming again, the new collection that this site has. To complete your curiosity, we offer the favorite new perspectives on bullying book as the choice today. This is a book that will show you even new to old thing. Forget it; it will be right for you. Well, when you are really dying of new perspectives on bullying, just pick it. You know, this book is always making the fans to be dizzy if not to find.
The Effect of a Balance Training Program to Improve the Balance of Aged Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a balance training program could improve the balancing ability of elderly patients with type II diabetes mellitus. If yes, the results could lead to development of a method to prevent falls in elderly patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Subjects were 28 elderly patients with type II DM. Subjects were divided into a control and an experimental group with 14 patients in each group. The experimental group had a balance training program consisting of balance training and lower extremity muscle strengthening exercises. The exercise group met twice a week for 8 weeks. All subjects were evaluated using a force plate for the amount of postural sway. To determine the degree of diabetes, we measured Hemoglobin A1c. Results: Balance in the experimental group (p<0.05) increased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that a balance training program should be recommended for improving balance and preventing falls in elderly type II DM patients.
Transboundary pollution , clean technologies and international environmental agreements

This chapter reviews recent developments on the analysis of the impact of clean technologies on the outcome of transboundary pollution games and on the size of stable environmental agreements. It is shown that given a fall in the emission-output ratio, countries may respond by increasing their emissions resulting in an increase in pollution stock and decrease in welfare. This rebound e¤ect happens when the damage and/or the initial stock of pollution are relatively large and when the natural rate of decay of pollution is relatively small. This implies that clean technologies may not be a substitute for cooperation on mitigation. The impact of cleaner technologies on the success of environmental agreements is then analyzed when countries are farsighted. In the case of three groups of countries, the grand coalition may be destabilized by the implementation of cleaner technologies, ultimately resulting in higher global emissions and lower global welfare. In the case of more than three countries, implementing cleaner technologies may result in a discrete jump, either upward or downward, of the largest stable coalition size and welfare.
Analyst forecasts , firm asymmetric information and audit quality

This paper examines the role that audit quality has on the type of information analysts impound onto stock prices across a sample of developed and emerging markets. Specifically, we investigate the amount of firm-specific versus market-wide information analysts reveal by analyzing stock return synchronicity. We find that even under a similar disclosure regime, if the enforcement of the accounting standards is weak then less firm-level information reaches the market. Supporting this, we also find information asymmetries between the firm and the market is heightened when the audit regime is weak.
Business Cycle Dynamics and the Two Margins of Labor Adjustment

In a seminal paper Galí (1999) argues that a positive shock to the level of technology implies a negative impact on hours worked. Recently, Canova et al. (2008a and 2008b) extend this analysis in an important way and show that the adjustment in total hours is made both by the employment (extensive) and the hours (intensive) margin. Moreover they show that investment speci c shocks imply almost exclusively adjustments along the intensive margin. In this paper we show that a simple New Keynesian model feauturing capital accumulation, two margins of labor adjustment and hiring costs is able to account for the e¤ects of neutral and investment speci c techology shocks. Nominal rigidities This paper has been presented under the title "Productivity, Hours and Unemployment in a New Keynesian Model with Hiring Costs " at the Dynare Conference 2009 (Boston Fed), MMF conference 2009 at Birbeck College in London, SAE 2009 in Zaragoza, 3rd end of Year Conference for Swiss Economists living abroad in Zürich and RES conference 2009 at University of Surrey. yCorresponding author: Norges Bank, PO Box 1179, Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Norway. Email: francesco.furlanetto@norges-bank.no. Telephone: +47-22316128. Telefax: +47-22424062. Website: www.norges-bank.no/research/furlanetto/
The Effects of Body weight on Sleep Quantity and Quality in College Students

The underlying factors which contribute to being overweight and/or obese are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep patterns and body mass index (BMI) in American college students. The sample population (n=150, age=21.4±2.2 yr) at Southeast Missouri State University completed a validated questionnaire. For the sample, 59.3% slept seven or more hours; 29.3% slept seven hours; and 40.7% slept less than seven hours. Twenty percent had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score of less than five, while 80% had a global PSQI score of five or higher. Overall, as PSQI increased, sleep quantity decreased (p<0.001) and BMI increased (p=0.024). Moreover, as sleep quantity increased, eating out decreased (p=0.035) and days of eating breakfast increased (p=0.006). These findings suggest that both sleep quality and quantity are important factors in the contribution to lifestyle behaviors that may increase BMI overtime.
A New SVM Method for Recognizing Polarity of Sentiments in Twitter

Online social networking platforms, such as Weblogs, micro blogs, and social networks are intensively being utilized daily to express individual’s thinking. This permits scientists to collect huge amounts of data and extract significant knowledge regarding the sentiments of a large number of people at a scale that was essentially impractical a couple of years back. Therefore, these days, sentiment analysis has the potential to learn sentiments towards persons, object and occasions. Twitter has increasingly become a significant social networking platform where people post messages of up to 140 characters known as ‘Tweets’. Tweets have become the preferred medium for the marketing sector as users can instantly indicate customer success or indicate public relations disaster far more quickly than a web page or traditional media does. In this paper, we have analyzed twitter data and have predicted positive and negative tweets with high accuracy rate using support vector machine (SVM).
Comparative study of the gingival trauma with Proph-Jet and rubber-cup polishing techniques using aluminium trihydroxide as polishing agent

Background: The conventional rubber cup prophylaxis and the air powder polishing system are both effective professional techniques for plaque and stain removal. Aim: To compare the gingival trauma with the two polishing techniques viz., Prophy-Jet and rubber-cup polishing techniques using aluminium trihydroxide as polishing agent. Methods: Thirty study subjects with gingivitis were studied. After scaling, Prophy-Jet and rubbercup polishing techniques were applied on either side of the mouth using aluminium trihydroxide as polishing agent and the gingival trauma was assessed immediately after, 7 days and 21 days posttreatment using trauma index. Results: Mean Trauma index scores immediately after the rubber-cup polishing technique was 0.27±0.14 and after Prophy-Jet polishing technique was 0.50 ±0.15. A reduction in the mean Trauma index scores was seen at 7 and 21 days after treatment after both the techniques with the mean Trauma index score of 0.02±0.01 with rubber-cup and 0.03±0.02 with Prophy-Jet technique at 21st day of evaluation. Conclusion: No significant difference in gingival trauma between by Prophy-Jet and rubber-cup polishing techniques using aluminium trihydroxide at 7 and 21 days post-treatment was observed despite of higher gingival trauma immediately after air polishing using aluminum trihydroxide.
6-25-2018 Unavoidable Immersions and Intertwines of Graphs

iv Introduction . 1 0.1 Graph Minors and Graph Immersions . 1 0.2 Notation and Basic Concepts . 4 Chapter 1: Some Results in Graph Minors and Graph Immersions . 10 1.1 Path Liftings . 10 1.2 The Graph Minors Project . 12 1.3 Immersion Analogues of Graph Minors Results . 15 Chapter 2: Unavoidable Subgraphs, Minors, and Immersions . 21 2.1 Unavoidable Substructures . 21 2.2 Decomposition Theorems and k-Sums . 25 Chapter 3: Unavoidable Immersions of 3-Edge-Connected Graphs . 30 3.1 Proof of Theorem 2.6 . 30 Chapter 4: Unavoidable Immersions of 4-edge-connected graphs . 40 4.1 Unavoidable Topological Minors and Minors . 40 4.2 Tree-Width and Tree-Decompositions . 43 4.3 Partial proof of Conjecture 4.3 . 45 Chapter 5: Immersion Intertwines . 51 5.1 Intertwines . 51 5.2 The Construction of an Infinite Family of Intertwines . 53 Chapter 6: Conclusion . 57 6.1 Unavoidable Immersions of 4-Edge-Connected Graphs . 57 6.2 Well-Quasi-Orderings . 58 6.3 Excluded Immersions and Excluding Fixed Graphs . 59 References . 61 Vita . 63
Hybrid Approach for Privacy Preservation data Mining Using Random and Mod Techniques

In modern time, the privacy-preserving data-mining (PPDM) has been extremely analyzed, due to the vast eruption of the private information over the internet. Various algorithmic technologies have been observed for the privacy-preserving data-mining. This paper investigates a descriptive analysis of the various approaches for the privacy preserving data mining like Randomization, K-anonymization technique, Perturbation Technique, Cryptographic technique, etc, for the sharing of information and for its privacy. The basic target of the privacy preserving data-mining is to introduce several algorithms for changing the actual data and for protecting the information that are to be get misused, such that the sensitive data and the privacy of the knowledge still retains as it is after the process of mining. This concept is used to again repeat the various privacy-preserving data-mining techniques to secure the privacy of the private information and attaining the data clustering along with the less loss of information for the multiplicative attributes in the data-set. KeywordsPrivacy, Preservation, Randomization, Mod Operation, Data Security.
Mitigating Wind Induced Noise in Outdoor Microphone Signals Using a Singular Spectral Subspace Method †

Wind induced noise is one of the major concerns of outdoor acoustic signal acquisition. It affects many field measurement and audio recording scenarios. Filtering such noise is known to be difficult due to its broadband and time varying nature. In this paper, a new method to mitigate wind induced noise in microphone signals is developed. Instead of applying filtering techniques, wind induced noise is statistically separated from wanted signals in a singular spectral subspace. The paper is presented in the context of handling microphone signals acquired outdoor for acoustic sensing and environmental noise monitoring or soundscapes sampling. The method includes two complementary stages, namely decomposition and reconstruction. The first stage decomposes mixed signals in eigen-subspaces, selects and groups the principal components according to their contributions to wind noise and wanted signals in the singular spectrum domain. The second stage reconstructs the signals in the time domain, resulting in the separation of wind noise and wanted signals. Results show that microphone wind noise is separable in the singular spectrum domain evidenced by the weighted correlation. The new method might be generalized to other outdoor sound acquisition applications.