Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nordic Tradition of Caring Science

The Nordic tradition of caring science has had a significant influence on healthcare research, healthcare education and clinical development in the Nordic countries from 1990 to the present. Theoretical contributions from the professors and scientists Katie Eriksson, Kari Martinsen and Karin Dahlberg form the basis for this paper. The tradition has established a paradigm of ethics, ontology and epistemology for the caring science domain. Short introductions present the scientific background of Eriksson, Martinsen, and Dahlberg, and show how interpretive teamwork has led to the formation of an intertwining of the essential qualities of the theories. The synthesis emphasizes caring science as a human science, and views caring as a natural phenomenon where the patient’s world, vulnerability, health, and suffering are primary. In the art and act of caring, relationships and dialogue are essential; they provide parameters where caring becomes visible in its absence.
Modeling Modbus TCP for intrusion detection

DFAs (Deterministic Finite Automata) and DTMCs (Discrete Time Markov Chain) have been proposed for modeling Modbus/TCP for intrusion detection in SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. While these models can be used to learn the behavior of the system, they require the designer to know the appropriate amount of training data for building the model, to retrain models when configuration changes, and to generate understandable alert messages. In this paper, we propose to complement these learned models with the specification approaches. To build a robust model, we need to consider configuration-level specifications in addition to protocol specification. As Modbus/TCP is a simple protocol with handful function code(s) or commands for each communication channel, designing a specification-based approach is suitable for monitoring this communication. We do a comparison of DFA and DTMC approaches in two datasets and illustrate how to use our inferred specification to complement these models.
SPEED DMON: Cache Coherence on an Optical Multichannel Interconnect Architecture

This paper presents a low-overhead, high-performance cache coherence protocol and an interconnect architecture designed to exploit high-bandwidth point-to-point and broadcast features of an optical multichannel interconnect.SPEED DMONintegrates the virtues of snoopy-based schemes and directory-based schemes into a robust hybrid architecture. Directory-assist is used exclusively for decoupled read traffic to eliminate unnecessary broadcasts, while snoopy-assist is used exclusively for write and synchronization traffic to reduce directory overhead and synchronization complexities. The proposed scheme has the potential to reduce network latency by up to 85% as a result of its global independence between read and write operations, full concurrency in channel access, reduced link contention, and efficient broadcast of coherence and synchronization events.
Remineralization, the Natural Caries Repair Process—The Need for New Approaches

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Remineralization is the natural repair process for caries lesions. We have known about remineralization for at least a hundred years. However, it is only in recent decades that the therapeutic importance of remineralization has been generally accepted. Fluoride delivered topically in various vehicles has produced major reductions in the prevalence and incidence of dental caries. When the bacterial challenge is high or the salivary components are lacking, remineralization is insufficient to halt or reverse the caries process. There is a need to find ways to enhance the remineralization process and to transfer such knowledge into clinical therapy.
Patient preferences for adherence enhancing tools

Abstract Medication non-adherence is a significant cause of suboptimal health outcomes. The object of this survey was to obtain patient feedback on communication with providers and adherence tools. We made an online cross-sectional survey of patients with: asthma/COPD, allergies, bipolar depression, cardiovascular disease, depression, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, pain syndromes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Patients completed closed-ended questions about information they received from healthcare providers; the usefulness of various adherence tools in managing their condition; and the impact of additional disease/product information. A total of 642 patients completed the survey; 40 percent reported receiving inadequate information from their physician (range: 22 percent for rheumatoid arthritis to 54 percent for cardiovascular disease). Across medical condition groups, patients preferred adherence tools that conveyed information about medication dosing, safety, and drug interactions. Explicit adherence reminders including e-mails, phone, or text messages were uniformly deemed least valuable (all p-values <0.0001 based on paired t-tests). There were some differences observed in preferences for adherence tools across condition, gender, and age; no significant associations were found between patient preferences and education level, family income or source of health insurance. The survey concluded that patients often receive inadequate information about their medication or conditions. Medication adherence tools that educate patients may simultaneously address their desire for more information and reinforce adherence.
Skin Cancer Knowledge and Prevention Counseling Among Arizona Pharmacists

Skin cancer is particularly prevalent in Arizona, with incidence rates ranking number 2 worldwide. This study assessed pharmacists’ knowledge of skin cancer and factors that impacted skin cancer prevention patient counseling. Participants were recruited using a listserv of pharmacists that were members of the Arizona Pharmacy Alliance (AzPA) or preceptors of the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy. Subjects completed an online questionnaire consisting of knowledge-based questions, questions about patient counseling preferences, and subject demographics. The mean correct score on the Skin Cancer and Sun Exposure Knowledge Indicator was 5.8 ± 1.9. Pharmacists living in Arizona for longer duration were more likely to know the minimum recommended sunscreen sun protection factor (SPF) for adults when outdoors (P = .003) and factors associated with malignant melanoma prognosis/survival (P = .004) but were less likely to know the definition of ABCD acronym (P = .027). Having a family or friend diagnosed with any form of skin cancer or precancerous skin condition led to more pharmacists knowing the risk factors for developing melanoma (P = .046) and knowing how often to apply water resistant sunscreen (P = .035). In conclusion, the length of pharmacy practice in Arizona and having a family member or close friend affected by skin cancer significantly impacted a pharmacists’ knowledge of skin cancer.
Practices of Arab American Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During Ramadan

Aims: To examine practices and complications among Arab Americans observing fasting during Ramadan. Methods: Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, of native Arab ancestry, and observing fasting were invited to complete an interview. Changes made to behavioral characteristics or diabetes management during Ramadan and consequences of fasting were assessed. Results: Twenty-seven patients (60.1 ± 9.8 years, 51.9% male) participated. Majority reported exercising less frequently during Ramadan. Modifications in home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) were observed in 48% of patients, of these 25% and 17% decreased frequency or had not tested at all, respectively. Consultation with providers prior to Ramadan was reported by 67%. Education regarding medications, risks of fasting, indications to break fasting, meal plans, and exercise were not provided in the majority. Therapeutic changes were made in 50% and 46% of insulin and oral medication users, respectively. Excessive thirst was the most commonly reported symptom. The overall frequency of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia was low. One patient stopped fasting during Ramadan due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Hospitalization or emergency room visits were not reported. Conclusions: Lack of patient education prior to Ramadan may contribute to the suboptimal practices reported. Pharmacists may be able to ensure safe fasting practices among Arab Americans by providing patient-specific education.
Primary Care-Led Mental Health Service Reform: An Outline of the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care Initiative

Objective: To describe the key features of the ‘Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care’ initiative (2001-2005) and to detail some of the conceptual, community, professional and epidemiological forces that shaped its content. Conclusions: The ‘Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care’ initiative represents a major development in mental health care in Australia. It recognises the central role of primary care, promotes integrated medical and psychological care, rewards treatments that occur over an episode of illness, promotes active purchasing of non-pharmacological interventions earlier in the course of illness, and attempts to better link general practitioners, non-medical mental health specialists and psychiatrists to meet population-based mental health needs. Central to its development has been a commitment by general practitioners to develop progressively better mental health skills and measure both individual consumer and system-related outcomes.
Graves’ Hyperthyroidism-Induced Psychosis Treated With Aripiprazole—A Case Report

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune syndrome with symptoms such as tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and psychiatric symptoms. Limited evidence exists for the treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis with atypical antipsychotics. A 47-year-old female with a psychiatric history of bipolar disorder presented for the first time to the psychiatric hospital. She was agitated and grossly psychotic with delusions. Electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation and tachycardia. Drug screen urinalysis was negative. Endocrine workup resulted in a diagnosis of Graves’ disease (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]: 0.005 μIU/mL, triiodothyronine [T3]: 537 ng/dL, thyroxine [T4]: 24 mcg/dL, free T4: 4.5 ng/dL, positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody, and antinuclear antibody). Aripiprazole 10 mg daily was initiated and titrated to 15 mg daily on day 4. On day 16, her suspicious behavior, judgment, and insight improved. Other medications given included aspirin 325 mg daily, metoprolol 25 mg twice daily, titrated to 12.5 mg twice daily, and methimazole 30 mg daily, titrated to 20 mg twice daily, and discontinued on day 29. The patient received radioiodine I-131 treatment 1 week later. We report the first known case on the use of aripriprazole to treat Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis. Further studies examining the long-term effects and appropriate dose and duration of aripiprazole in this patient population are needed.
Chronic Low Back Pain: Patient Compliance With Physiotherapy Advice and Exercise, Perceived Barriers and Motivation

Abstract Lack of compliance with treatment represents a significant problem for physiotherapists in the treatment of chronic low back pain. A literature review was therefore performed in this area, with particular attention given to compliance with physiotherapy exercise and advice, given the generally positive evidence to support the effectiveness of these treatment modalities in the treatment of chronic low back pain. A variety of literature was reviewed in relation to the direct and indirect influences on compliance, including examination of the influence of exercise counselling, pain, patient attitudes and beliefs, self-efficacy, locus of control, stage of change and psychosocial issues. It was clear from this review that patient compliance with physiotherapy cannot simply be assumed. Very little literature was found on compliance with physiotherapy exercise and advice in the treatment of chronic low back pain, and further research is recommended in order to establish compliance within this patient group, and how best this can be improved.
Magma Generation on Mars: Amounts, Rates, and Comparisons with Earth, Moon, and Venus

Total extrusive and intrusive magma generated on Mars over the last ∼3.8 billion years is estimated at 654 x 106 cubic kilometers, or 0.17 cubic kilometers per year (km3/yr), substantially less than rates for Earth (26 to 34 km3/yr) and Venus (less than 20 km3/yr) but much more than for the Moon (0.025 km3/yr). When scaled to Earth's mass the martian rate is much smaller than that for Earth or Venus and slightly smaller than for the Moon.
Skin, sun and sense: an evaluation of a skin cancer prevention campaign

'Molewatch' was a public education campaign in West Glamorgan to raise the awareness of the general public about the dangers of excessive exposure to sunlight and to encourage the early detection of skin cancers, especially malignant melanomas. During 1995 a mobile trailer was used as a source of information for individuals, and also provided a focus for mass media attention. The evaluation reported here showed that media cove rage ensured that at least two million people had the opportunity to see or read about the campaign; 10,000 leaflets were distributed and the numbers referred to the dermatology clinic rose. Analysis of questionnaires ad ministered to visitors to the mobile trailer and six weeks after the campaign showed increased awareness about sun protection measures after the campaign, but no change in behaviour.
Computing Triangular Systems and Regular Systems

A previous algorithm of computing simple systems is modified and extended to compute triangular systems and regular systems from any given polynomial system. The resulting algorithms, based on the computation of subresultant regular subchains, have a simple structure and are efficient in practice. Preliminary experiments indicate that they perform at least as well as some of the known algorithms. Several properties about regular systems are also proved.
From Sub-patterns to Patterns: An Approach to the Detection of Structural Design Pattern Instances by Subgraph Mining and Merging

Structural design patterns address concerns related to high-level structures for applications being developed. Accurately recovered instances of structural design patterns support development related tasks like program comprehension and reengineering. However, the detection of structural design pattern instances is not always a straightforward task. The lack of documentation, the ad-hoc nature of programming and the possible variants of pattern instances often lead to the low accuracy of detection. In this paper, we present an approach to the detection of instances of structural design patterns using source codes. We first transform the source codes and predefined patterns into graphs, with the classes as nodes and the relations as edges. We then identify the instances of sub-patterns that would be the possible constituents of pattern instances by means of subgraph discovery. The sub-pattern instances are further merged by joint classes to see if the collective matches one of the predefined patterns. Compared with existing approaches, our approach focuses on simple sub-patterns, not complicated patterns. In this way, it can not only simplify the detection process, but also detect multiple pattern instances at a time. The results of the experiments on detecting pattern instances of Adapter, Bridge, Composite, Decorator and Proxy from 4 open source software systems demonstrate that our approach obtains better precision than the existing approaches.
Sulfate Cooling Effect on Climate Through In-Cloud Oxidation of Anthropogenic SO2

Anthropogenic SO2 emissions may exert a significant cooling effect on climate in the Northern Hemisphere through backscattering of solar radiation by sulfate particles. Earlier estimates of the sulfate climate forcing were based on a limited number of sulfate-scattering correlation measurements from which a high sulfate-scattering efficiency was derived. Model results suggest that cloud processing of air is the underlying mechanism. Aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 into sulfate and the subsequent release of the dry aerosol by cloud evaporation render sulfate a much more efficient scatterer than through gas-phase SO2 oxidation.
Psychiatric Services

Deinstitutionalization in the 1960s shifted the care of the mentally ill from state-funded institutions to community settings. Unfortunately, funding to support the treatment needs of this population has continued to be minimized, and countless individuals have not received much needed care. This has resulted in a large increase in mentally ill patients surfacing in jails, homeless shelters, and emergency departments. Subsequently, the federal government has begun to prioritize funding to address the mental health needs of our communities. Pharmacists are in a unique position to influence treatment outcomes for patients with mental illnesses, and the current state of health reform provides avenues for the pharmacist to become an essential part of the health care delivery team in numerous ambulatory care clinical settings. The challenges with adherence, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, polypharmacy with psychotropics, potential for life-threatening adverse effects, and the ever-present need for patient education are but a few reasons why pharmacists can be utilized to provide Medication Therapy Management services for these patients.
Emergency preparedness and the capability to identify outbreaks: A case study of Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna state

Background : Widespread outbreaks, particularly of communicable diseases and weak surveillance systems, across the African sub-region led to the adoption of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) as a regional strategy for strengthening national surveillance systems and effective response to priority communicable diseases. One of the goals of IDSR is to improve the ability of Local Government Areas (LGAs) to detect and respond to diseases and conditions that lead to high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the emergency preparedness and capability to identify outbreaks in Sabon Gari LGA. Methodology : A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Sabon Gari LGA in October 2007. Key informant interviews of the key personnel conducted using structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to obtain information about the emergency preparedness and the capability of the LGA to identify outbreaks. The results obtained were compared to the recommendations of the National Technical Guidelines for IDSR 2002. Results : There were no prepositioned stock of drugs and vaccines available; 8% of staff was trained in disease surveillance. There is a budget line available for emergency response. The LGA relies on reports from health facilities and communities to identify outbreaks; no threshold or markers are used. No form of analysis is carried out on data collected at the LGA level. Timeliness of monthly reporting for May and June 2007 was 26.5 and 22.5% respectively; completeness of monthly reporting was 32.7%. Conclusion: The emergency preparedness and capability to identify outbreaks in Sabon Gari LGA is poor based on the selected criteria from the National Technical Guidelines for IDSR; less than 50% of the criteria are met. There is a need for Sabon Gari LGA to fully adopt the National Technical Guidelines on IDSR to be better positioned to prepare for and identify outbreaks.
Cerebral Edema in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Look Beyond Rehydration

centration level in serum water, but it is in the units ordinarily used by clinicians and varies in identical fashion. This adjusts for the “osmotic space” filled by the excess glucose. If the corrected number is outside the physiologic range for sodium concentration (i.e. .149 meq/L), the patient is hypernatremic, and less sodium than usual will be needed. Conversely, if the corrected sodium is less than 132 meq/L, more is needed. If the patient either before or after the start of therapy has a headache or any other evidence of new neurological impairment, administer hypertonic mannitol to reduce intracranial pressure. Do not wait for fixed dilated pupils; it will already be too late. Applying these principles, Harris and Fiordilese (Ref. 3 and personal communication regarding the current number in the series and the lack of mortality and sequelae) have treated over 400 episodes of DKA without a fatality or sequelae. Twelve of their patients exhibited either headache or other neurological manifestations, which led to the use of hypertonic mannitol infusion, sometimes advised and given at a referring hospital before arrival at their institution. All of these patients recovered neurologically and are otherwise intact; a remarkable record. Errors of the past aggravated the already abnormal distribution of water in the brain. In particular, the administration of too much fluid (usually diluted below isotonic for sodium chloride) caused water influx into the brain, causing an increase in intracerebral pressure and the administration of an iv bolus of insulin, which increased ECF water from glucose metabolism. These events may cause hemorrhage, thrombosis, or cerebral herniation. Thus, there is a pathophysiologic explanation for cerebral “edema” during ill-advised management of DKA, and there are a set of principles which when carefully followed have permitted successful correction of the disturbance.
Best-effort delivery of emergency messages in post-disaster scenario with content-based filtering and Priority-enhanced PRoPHET over DTN

Despite concerted efforts for relaying crucial situational information, disaster relief volunteers experience significant communication challenges owing to failures of critical infrastructure and longstanding power outages in disaster affected areas. Researchers have proposed the use of smartphones, working in delay tolerant (DTN) mode, for setting up a peer-to-peer network enabling post disaster communication. However, due to opportunistic contacts, intermittent connectivity and constrained resources (mainly battery) of mobile devices, not all messages get forwarded in such a network. As a result, several crucial messages, waiting in the buffer may get dropped and unimportant, extraneous (sentimental comments of victims, etc.) messages may get transmitted at the cost of expensive network resources. Therefore, filtering out such irrelevant messages (containing unrelated information and emotional expressions) and prioritizing relevant messages according to its importance becomes crucial so that messages which are critical for decision making receive the highest priority and get disseminated in the network at the minimum possible time. In this paper, our objective is to ensure best-effort delivery of emergency messages using a two-step approach, (i) segregation of high priority messages through natural language processing based filtering and (ii) dissemination of filtered messages over DTN using a Priority-enhanced PRoPHET routing protocol which is developed by adapting the popular PRoPHET routing protocol. The protocol successfully achieves on-the-fly message prioritization and ensures best effort delivery of such prioritized messages to their appropriate destinations. The proposed protocol is evaluated using the ONE simulator. Simulation results suggest that our protocol outperforms other well known DTN routing protocols like PRoPHET, Spray-And-Wait, MaxProp and Epidemic in terms of delivery ratio of prioritized messages and overhead ratio.