Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highlighting the Fake Reviews in Review Sequence with the Suspicious Contents and Behaviours

Online review plays a crucial role in many current e-commerce applications. However, fake reviews would mislead users. Therefore, detecting such reviews is an important task for safeguarding the interests of users. But the review sequence has been neglected by the former work. In this paper, we explore the issue on fake review detection in review sequence, which is crucial for implementing online anti-opinion spam. We first analyze the characteristics of fake reviews. Based on review contents and reviewer behaviors, six time sensitive features are proposed to find the fake reviews. And then, we devise two type of detection methods, the supervised and the threshold-based, for spotting the fake reviews as early as possible. Finally, we carry out intensive experiments on a real-world review set to verify the effectiveness of our methods. The experimental results show that our methods can identify the fake reviews orderly with high precision and recall.
The Impact of Access on Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Computers: An International Study

This international and interdisciplinary study investigated and compared computer access, attitudes and perceptions towards computers, and preferred settings for computer learning among college freshmen in Australia, China, Ghana, Puerto Rico and the US. The authors discuss implications for computer training in teacher preparation and international business management education. This paper also presents conclusions regarding the development of technological competency within the framework of the computer culture and socio-political circumstances. L'impact de 1'accès sur les perceptions et attitudes envers les ordinateurs: une étude internationale. Cette étude internationale et interdisciplinaire a recherché et comparé les possibilités d'accès À l'ordinateur, les perceptions et attitudes envers les ordinateurs et les environnements préférés pour l'apprentissage par ordinateur parmi les étudiants de première année de collège en Australie, Chine, Ghana, Puerto Rico et USA. Les auteurs discutent les implications de la formation par ordinateur pour la préparation des enseignants et l'éducation dans le management du business international. Cet article présente aussi des conclusions concernant le développement des compétences en matière de technologie dans le cadre d'une culture de l'ordinateur et de circonstances socio-politiques. Die Möglichkeit des Informationszugangs und ihr Einfluss auf Wahrnehmung und Einstellung zu Computern: eine internationale Studie. Diese internationale und interdisziplinäre Studie untersucht and vergleicht die Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu Computern, sowie die Einstellung zu ihnen and Umgang mit ihnen and bevorzugte Plätze für Computer gestütztes Lernen bei College Studenten des Erstsemesters in Australien, China, Ghana, Puerto Rico und den USA. Die Autoren besprechen Implikationen für die Computerausbildang bei Lehrern und die Ausbildang im internationalen Business Management. Die Studie veröffentlicht Ergebnisse and Beschlüsse zur Erlangung technologischer Kompetenz im Rahmen der Computerkultur und der soziopolitischen Umstände.
Accounting for No-Shows in Experimental Evaluation Designs

This article examines how to estimate the effect of a program in the presence of no- shows—persons who are assigned to the program but do not participate. The article briefly discusses the methodological problems involved, describes two current experimental evaluations that are subject to these problems, presents several estimators that overcome these problems, outlines the conditions necessary for these estimators to be feasible, and describes two extensions of the analysis that illustrate a potentially broad range of further applications.
FAULT-DIAGNOSIS IN FULLY DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

The problem of diagnosis of failures, at the system level, in large, truly distributed networks of processing elements is considered. A model proposed earlier, in which nodes of the network perform tests upon certain neighboring nodes and pass the results to all the neighboring nodes identifying faults in t he system, is extended by relaxing two assumptions related to f aults on communication links and the flow of diagnostic information in the network. Specific problems considered include: i) Establishment of conditions under which each individual node of a fully distributed system can correctly diagnose failures of other nodes and/or internode communication facilities, based only on results of tests performed by the node itself upon neighboring nodes, and on potentially invalid, second-hand information received via normal communication paths. algorithm to accomplish this diagnosis. ii) Development of a distributed
Towards electronically assisted peer assessment: a case study

One of the primary goals of formative assessment is to give informative feedback to the learner on their progress and attainment of the learning objectives. However, when the student/tutor ratios are large, effective and timely feedback is hard to achieve. Many testing systems have been developed that use multiple choice questions (MCQ), which are easy to mark automatically. MCQ tests are simple to develop and administer through Web-based technologies (browsers, Internet and Web servers). One of the principal drawbacks of current systems is that the testing format is limited to MCQ and general questions requiring free responses are not included because marking cannot be easily automated. Consequently, many learning tasks, such as the correctness and style of solutions to programming problems, cannot be assessed automatically. Our approach is a hybrid system combining MCQ testing with free response questions. Our system, OASYS, marks MCQs automatically and then controls the anonymous distribution of completed scripts amongst learners for peer assessment of free response answers. We briefly describe the design and implementation of OASYS, which is built on freely available technologies. We present and discuss findings from a case study which used OASYS for 240 students taking a programming class involving four assessed programming laboratories in groups of approximately forty students
Analysis of multi-level threshold handoff algorithm

A PCS system which consists of microcells is considered, and it is assumed that the high mobility calls and low mobility calls coexist. To enhance the quality of service the multi-level threshold handoff algorithm is used. The velocity adaptive handoff (VAH) algorithm is analyzed as one of the multi-level threshold handoff algorithm. In the VAH algorithm, the handoff threshold value is assigned according to the velocity of the mobile in order to lower the handoff failure probability and to maintain the carried traffic constantly in the handoff area. Since it is necessary to estimate the velocity of the mobile for the VAH algorithm, a velocity estimation method that use a velocity codebook is analyzed. A prioritized handoff procedure is used to evaluate the VAH algorithm in respect of the traffic characteristics.
Spatial and temporal variability of turbulence dissipation rate in complex terrain

Abstract. To improve parameterizations of the turbulence dissipation rate (ϵ) in numerical weather prediction models, the temporal and spatial variability of ϵ must be assessed. In this study, we explore influences on the variability of ϵ at various scales in the Columbia River Gorge during the WFIP2 field experiment between 2015 and 2017. We calculate ϵ from five sonic anemometers all deployed in a ∼4 km2 area as well as from two scanning Doppler lidars and four profiling Doppler lidars, whose locations span a ∼300 km wide region. We retrieve ϵ from the sonic anemometers using the second-order structure function method, from the scanning lidars with the azimuth structure function approach, and from the profiling lidars with a novel technique using the variance of the line-of-sight velocity. The turbulence dissipation rate shows large spatial variability, even at the microscale, especially during nighttime stable conditions. Orographic features have a strong impact on the variability of ϵ, with the correlation between ϵ at different stations being highly influenced by terrain. ϵ shows larger values in sites located downwind of complex orographic structures or in wind farm wakes. A clear diurnal cycle in ϵ is found, with daytime convective conditions determining values over an order of magnitude higher than nighttime stable conditions. ϵ also shows a distinct seasonal cycle, with differences greater than an order of magnitude between average ϵ values in summer and winter.
Key Transformation Approach for Rijndael Security

The aim of the study is to improve the security of Rijndael key scheduling by increasing the bit contusion and diffusion of the Rijndael subkey, Rijndael is a block cipher designed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. It is a combination of security, performance, efficiency, implementability and flexibility that makes it the best selection for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). However, the 128 bit Rijndael key schedule does not satisfy the frequency (bit confusion) test for majority of subkeys and does not satisfy the avalanche (bit diffusion) test for any subkeys. These contribute to some attacks in the key schedule. Thus, a new transformation method which is called Shiftrow is proposed into the 128-bit Rijndael Key Schedule based upon information principles (bit confusion and diffusion properties). The new method has shown positive results in terms of the bit confusion and diffusion of subkey and it has increased bit confusion and diffusion compared to the subkey of the original Rijndael key schedule.
Gender Representations in Mathematics Software

A review of current elementary mathematics software found that 41.7 percent of the software programs had main characters that were gender identifiable. Of these programs, only 12.5 percent of the main characters were female. Such bias can effect the attitudes and achievement of female students. The female main characters in the software all represented traditional female roles. There is a need for further research on the effects of the absence of females in software and the exclusive use of traditional roles for characters.
A cookbook for using the model-view controller user interface paradigm in Smalltalk-80

A switch actuating device adapted for conjoint rotation with a rotatable assembly of a prime mover. Means for mounting to the rotatable assembly so as to be conjointly rotatable therewith includes a pair of sets of opposite surfaces, and switch operating means conjointly rotatable with the mounting means is arranged for axial movement thereon between a pair of opposite positions. A pair of centrifugal weight members are responsive to the rotational speed of the device to effect the axial movement of the switch operating means between its opposite positions and include a pair of sets of means arranged for guiding engagement on the oppposite surface set pair upon the axial movement of the switch operating means between its opposite positions, respectively. A pair of springs are respectively biased between the centrifugal members. A method of assembling a switch actuating device is also disclosed.
Designing interactive learning environments

Abstract As computers become more prominent in classroom instruction their modes of use are extending, for example as surrogate teachers in tutoring or as curriculum enrichment in simulation applications where students are more investigative in their learning methods. However, within the classroom such programs often have effects and are used in ways that were not always anticipated by their designers. This argues for computer assisted learning (CAL) environments in which the software is interactive but is able to adapt to different styles of learning and teaching. This paper argues for and describes the design principles of such environments, taking as illustration an application in the fraction domain. Following its implementation, initial evaluation data taken from school-children showed marked performance improvements, and indicated how design features of the system (FRACTIONLAB) contributed to their understanding.
Modifying the Generalized Delta Rule to Train Networks of Non-monotonic Processors for Pattern Classification

A modification of the generalized delta rule is described that is capable of training multilayer networks of value units, i.e. units defined by a particular non-monotonic activation function, the Gaussian, For simple problems of pattern classification, this rule produces networks with several advantages over standard feedforward networks: they require fewer processing units and can be trained much more quickly. Though superficially similar, there are fundamental differences between the networks trained by this new learning rule and radial basis function networks. These differences suggest that value unit networks may be better suited for learning some pattern classification tasks and for answering general questions related to the organization of neurophysiological systems.
Does a Live Instructor Matter

ABSTRACT: This pedagogical study examines accounting undergraduate students' performance, satisfaction, and perceived course effectiveness under two distinct modes of course delivery: traditional live-instructed classes and teacher-less pre-recorded online lectured classes. Hypotheses testing on the differences and possible factors influencing the two settings are based upon data collected from two sections of each introductory accounting course: Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting. The findings on students' performance indicate no significant differences in students' grades in each mode of course delivery. Live lectures given in traditional classrooms do not affect students' overall learning when compared to a teacher-less course environment. The results of testing indicate that a student's prior GPA and interest in the course material are the most important factors that determine his or her final course grade. This study also provides some evidence that students' satisfaction and perceived e.
Modulation-assisted unequal error protection over the fading channel

Unequal error protection (UEP) is essential when different portions of the source data do not contribute evenly to the overall duality of the decoded information. Conventional techniques achieve UEP by independent coding of the bit streams or by adopting conventional unequal error-protection codes. In this paper, we propose a practical alternative to the QPSK-based transmission systems with explicit UEP, such as GSM or IS-54 wireless transmission standards. In this scheme, the task of providing unequal protection is divided between the channel encoder and a nonuniform signal set, which discriminates in favor of the more important bits. The new approach allows for a simpler convolutional encoder and, hence, a less complex decoding procedure. Specifically, a reduction by more than half in the number of encoder states can easily be achieved using our scheme. Countering the degradation of the less important bits, we propose to adopt a high-rate punctured convolutional code to minimize the incurred transmission rate penalty. We also discuss a pilot sequence transmission scheme which realizes a coherent reception. Decentralizing the bit protection culminates in an extra degree of freedom which, in turn, introduces more flexibility into the system design.
The Making of Them: The British Attitude to Children and the Boarding School System

Nick Duffell ! [][1] Lone Arrow Press, £20, pp 318 ISBN 0 9537904 0 1 Rating: ! [Graphic][2] ! [Graphic][3] ! [Graphic][4] Sending one's children to boarding school has often been perceived as a mark of privilege and the best preparation for high office or worldly success, particularly in Britain. Despite some amelioration of this widely perceived notion in recent years, it is still prevalent. Although there are distinct benefits to those graduating from our public school system, the psychological costs—and their physical, relational, and social concomitants—are rarely acknowledged. Nick Duffell … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
GLR Charts for Simultaneously Monitoring a Sustained Shift and a Linear Drift in the Process Mean

This paper considers the problem of monitoring the mean of a normally distributed process variable when the objective is to effectively detect both a sustained shift and a linear drift. The design and application of a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) chart for simultaneously monitoring a sustained shift and a linear drift are evaluated. The GLR chart has the advantage that when we design this chart, we do not need to specify the size of the parameter change. The performance of the GLR chart is compared with that of other control charts, such as the standard cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts and the cumulative score (CUSCORE) charts. And we compare the proposed GLR chart with the GLR charts designed for monitoring only a sustained shift and for monitoring only a linear drift. Finally, we also compare the proposed GLR chart with the chart combinations. We show that the proposed GLR chart has better overall performance for a wide range of shift sizes and drift rates relative to other control charts, when a special cause produces a sustained shift and/or a linear drift in the process mean.
The impact of job rotation on problem solving skills

Efficiency in lean production systems is largely determined by the speed of recovery from process interruptions. Without buffer stock, and with a balanced line, the production rate will be constant except when a problem is detected, at which point the whole line will stop. This motivates exploration of problem solving as a key design feature of lean systems. One response to the need for improving operator problem solving skills has been the use of job rotation schemes. The increasing efficiency of operators faced with repeating tasks is widely accepted and has been characterized by the well-known learning curve. This learning curve is modified to describe problem solution times, incorporating forgetting effects and treating both general skill and specific skills related to a particular problem. The resulting model is explored in a simulation of a serial flow shop subject to a range of interruptions. The efficiency of the flow shop is characterized by its run-ratio and the effects of eight key variables on the run-ratio are tested through simulation. The results show that the run-ratio generally increases as operators learn more rapidly and forget more slowly, and decreases as the number of problem types increase. The effect of job rotation schemes, however implemented, is always to reduce the run-ratio. It is shown that this occurs because the effect of job rotation is to avoid any possible advantage in specialization related to problems which do not occur uniformly at all workstations.
Using Computer Simulations for Group Projects in Business School Education.

Abstract Given the trend toward more team-based projects within organizations, business schools need to assess how effectively students are being prepared to work in teams when they enter the labor force. In this study, one type of group project, the computer simulation, was compared with more traditional group projects and rated on 10 performance-related criteria. The results suggest that computer simulations are a more effective tool for preparing students for group-based projects. The article concludes with implications for educators, software developers, and researchers.
An Alternative Approach to Assessing Laboratory and Field Notebooks: The Data Retrieval Test

Abstract Marking field and laboratory notebooks can be a time consuming and tedious task. This article describes a system whereby the contents of student’s notebooks are assessed by testing the students on what they have included and their understanding of what has been done. It also tests the quality of the student’s notes — detailed, organised notes result in higher marks than sketchy disorganised ones. The ‘Data Retrieval Test’ is an open book test in which the notebook is taken into the exam room and questions are asked on its contents. The questions are based on what the tutor knows should have been included. A survey of third year degree students showed that this type of test is seen as a fair method of assessment. It is also popular with staff as it can reduce the marking time by up to 80%. The marks obtained by this test are in line with those obtained by more traditional methods of assessment. It can be adapted to assess students at different stages of their academic career.
An extensive reading strategy to promote online writing for elementary students in the 1:1 digital classroom

The rapid development of the digital classroom has made it possible to combine extensive reading with online writing, yet research and development in this area are lacking. This study explores the impact of online writing after extensive reading in a classroom setting in China where there was one computer for each student (a 1:1 digital classroom). Thirty-nine fifth graders from an elementary school participated in the study. These students were divided into three groups with equivalent pretest score averages. Members of each group wrote Chinese compositions online after reading in one of the following three conditions in the same 1:1 digital classroom: (1) Objective-Focused Fast Extensive Reading (OFFER), an extensive reading strategy developed for and tested in this study; (2) one-size-fits-all extensive reading; (3) zero extensive reading, using only the class textbook. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using data from four sources: scores from three teacher judges, comments from those judges, comment icons from classmates, and writing speed data collected via the learning management system. The results indicated that the OFFER group showed significant superiority in writing quality and quantity compared to the other two groups. It is concluded that (1) extensive reading can be utilized not only for cultivating reading interest, but also for promoting writing, and (2) the OFFER strategy can lead to improved writing quality and fluency compared to one-size-fits-all extensive reading. Further suggestions for researchers and language teachers are proposed in the final part of the paper.
Texturing and Modeling: A Procedural Approach

From the Publisher: This the classic text/tutorial/reference introducing and defining the procedural approach to texturing and modeling and computer graphics in general. This Second Edition is completely revised and updated to the current computer graphics marketplace. It contains a toolbox of procedures upon which programmers can build a library of textures and objects, and includes extensive explanations of how these functions work and how to design new functions. New chapters include: Cellular Texture Generation, Volumetric Cloud Modeling with Implicit Functions, Interacting with Virtual Actors, and Rendering with Adaptive Level of Detail.