Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precountershock cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves initial response to defibrillation from prolonged ventricular fibrillation: A randomized, controlled swine study*

Objectives:To compare immediate countershocks (defibrillation 1st) with precountershock cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR 1st) for prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF). Design:Randomized, controlled trial. Setting:University animal laboratory. Subjects:Thirty swine (27 ± 1 kg). Interventions:After 8 mins of untreated ventricular fibrillation, swine were randomly assigned to receive either immediate countershocks or CPR for 90 secs followed by countershocks. Measurements and Main Results:After the first set of shocks, nine of 15 CPR 1st animals attained return of spontaneous circulation vs. 0 of 15 defibrillation 1st animals (p < .001), and pulseless electrical activity occurred in only one of 15 CPR 1st animals vs. ten of 15 defibrillation 1st animals (p < .01). The ultimate outcomes in the two groups were not different: Return of spontaneous circulation and 24-hr survival occurred in 15 of 15 CPR 1st and 13 of 15 defibrillation 1st animals. Good neurologic outcome at 24 hrs occurred in 12 of 15 CPR 1st and nine of 15 defibrillation 1st animals. None of the animals was successfully resuscitated with defibrillation alone; all successfully resuscitated animals were provided with chest compressions during the resuscitation.The ventricular fibrillation median frequency by fast Fourier transformation decreased during the untreated ventricular fibrillation interval in both groups (9.7 ± 0.3 Hz and 10.1 ± 0.2 Hz after 1 min vs. 8.8 ± 0.3 Hz and 8.9 ± 0.5 Hz at 8 mins, respectively). Because the ventricular fibrillation median frequency substantially increased after CPR 1st, it was much higher in the CPR 1st group before the first shock (15.1 ± 0.9 Hz vs. 8.9 ± 0.5 Hz, p < .001). The ventricular fibrillation median frequency before the first countershock was much higher in the animals that attained return of spontaneous circulation after the first set of shocks vs. those that did not (16.1 ± 1.3 Hz vs. 10.0 ± 0.6 Hz, p < .0001) Conclusions:Precountershock CPR can result in substantial physiologic benefits and superior response to initial defibrillation attempts compared with immediate defibrillation in the setting of prolonged ventricular fibrillation.
R&D Cooperation, Partner Diversity, and Innovation Performance: An Empirical Analysis†

Existing literature on research and development (R&D) alliances focuses on formation motives and performance impacts of these alliances but hardly on diversity of the partners' portfolio. Cooperation with a diverse set of partners leads to learning opportunities with regard to both cooperation and innovation skills and hence is expected to enhance the firm's innovation performance. This paper examines two research questions: (1) the impact of functional and geographical diversity of R&D partners on radical and incremental innovation performance of product innovating firms, and (2) the organizational determinants of partner diversity in R&D alliances. The empirical analysis is based on data from the Dutch Community Innovation Survey, R&D and Information and Communication Technology Surveys, and Production Statistics, which lead to a representative sample of 12,811 innovating firms in the period 1994–2006. Through random-effects panel Tobit estimates, econometric models for both research questions are estimated. The results indicate that functional and geographical diversity act through different channels. Functional diversity leads to a variety of knowledge intake and synergetic effects necessary to develop and commercialize novel products. Geographical diversity results in successful adaption of existing products to different local requirements such as technical standards, market regulations, and customer preferences. The organizational determinants of both kinds of partner diversity are prior experience, patenting, and information technology infrastructure.
Collateralization, Leverage, and Systemic Risk

We describe a general equilibrium model with a banking system, with the deposit bank collecting deposits from households and the merchant bank providing funds to firms. The merchant bank borrows collateralized short-term funds from the deposit bank. In a financial downturn, as the value of collateral goes down, the merchant bank has to sell assets with short notice, reinforcing the crisis, and default if its cash buffer is insufficient. The deposit bank suffers from the loss due to the depreciated assets. If the value of its assets is insufficient to cover deposits, it also defaults. Deposits are insured by the government. The premium paid by the deposit bank is the expected loss on the deposits. Systemic risk is defined as the expected loss on deposits under stress, i.e., in a financial crisis. We calibrate the model on the U.S. economy and show how this measure behaves under stress.
Early intervention in psychosis: From clinical intervention to health system implementation

Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) is a well‐established approach with the intention of early detection and treatment of psychotic disorders. Its clinical and economic benefits are well documented. This paper presents basic aspects of EIP services, discusses challenges to their implementation and presents ideas and strategies to overcome some of these obstacles.
Purchasing Behaviour in an Online Supermarket

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to assess the applicability of the four dimensions of online service quality, as proposed in the E-S-QUAL scale, to the setting of an online supermarket; and, second, to propose and test a model that links these e-quality dimensions with loyalty and purchasing behaviour in the setting of an online supermarket. An online questionnaire was used to survey 131 customers of an online Spanish supermarket using the E-S-QUAL scale. The data were analysed by exploratory factor analysis to test the applicability of the E-S-QUAL scale to the setting of an online supermarket and generate an extended model (including constructs for ‘perceived value’, ‘loyalty’ and ‘actual purchases’). The model was then checked by structural equation modelling (SEM). The four dimensions proposed by the E-S-QUAL scale were confirmed in the setting of an online Spanish supermarket. The influence of these various quality dimensions on perceived value, loyalty and actual purchases are delineated here. The study reassures online vendors that E-S-QUAL is an appropriate instrument by which to measure online service quality. The study also provides empirical evidence that high levels of e-service quality have a positive influence on purchasing behaviour. The study is the first to provide definitive empirical evidence of the commonly presumed linkage between the quality dimensions proposed in the E-S-QUAL scale and the constructs of loyalty and actual – not self-reported – purchase behaviour.
Effect of economic crisis on food consumption behaviour of British Consumers

The aim of this research was to explore how economic crisis affect consumers’ food purchasing behaviour in the UK. To achieve this aim, the research focused on determining the consumer confidence about the current and economic conditions and employment in the UK; identifying the current spending habits and confidence about current spending of consumers; exploring how economic recession affected consumers’ food buying behaviour and discovering the motivators and patterns of food consumption of UK consumers during the economic crisis. Participants for this study were selected from consumers who live in London and in their selection, convenience sampling was employed. In the collection of data, semi-structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to 75 consumers in the UK and 72 were returned back. The findings of showed that there is no total abandonment in overall shopping habits. Consumers still prefer to consumer meat products, do not change their brand preferences and do not switch to unknown brands. Healthy eating, organic food and environmental-friendly food products are still preferred. Although these findings, this study has some weaknesses which needs consideration; in this sense, the use of nonprobability sampling and small sample size are the major weaknesses that can be stated.
Modeling consumer adoption of mobile shopping for fashion products in Korea

This study explores the potential of a consumer technology adoption model in examining structural relationships among mobile commerce characteristics, perceived value, and intention to adopt mobile shopping for fashion products. Through an online survey method, the 511 valid questionnaires obtained from Korean users of a mobile Internet service identified perceived m-commerce characteristics consisting of four factors: usefulness, enjoyment, ease of use, and instant connectivity. The first three factors were positively related to perceived value, whereas instant connectivity was negatively related. Moreover, estimated structural equation modeling described the important function of perceived value as mediating the effect of m-commerce characteristics on the consumers' intention to adopt mobile fashion shopping. Managerial implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed in the context of m-commerce. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Employer Brand Image on Application Intentions of B-School Undergraduates

Effective recruiting can help an organisation gain competitive advantage by attracting and retaining the best talent from the campuses. In this paper, the authors draw upon marketing literature to examine how employer brand image can effect the application intentions of business school undergraduates. Based on the analysis of data collected from 125 students from five different business schools located across India, the authors find that attitudes of the prospective candidate about an organisation is an important predictor of intent to apply. Amongst the job attributes, the students' application intentions are influenced by their perceptions of the responsibility and empowerment inherent in the job, as well as on compensation and locational considerations. Prior work experience moderates the relationship between the responsibility and empowerment dimension of employer brand image and application intentions. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are also discussed.
Policy networks of organic farming in Europe

This report presents an analysis of national and supranational organic farming policy networks in Europe. The aim of the national level analysis is to examine the different structures of policy making and how these depend on the country-specific conditions. The aim of the EU level analysis is twofold: firstly, the political structure of organic farming is examined in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); secondly, the research investigates the attitudes of EU level policy makers towards organic farming and their acceptance of specific organic farming policy instruments.
Credit Rationing in the Bank Credit Market: The Case of Tunisian SMEs

Abstract This study examines whether or not there is a credit rationing for Tunisian small- and medium-sized enterprises in the bank credit market. We propose a novel and more explicit measure of the credit rationing level. On the basis of a new panel data set of Tunisian SMEs, the results of the estimation show that the problem of credit rationing is present in the Tunisian bank credit market. The most exposed to this problem are the smaller firms, which are generally more informationally opaque and are lacking guarantees. The public status of Tunisian banks has not helped to solve this problem.
XKR4 Gene Effects on Cerebellar Development Are Not Specific to ADHD

A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the XKR4 gene has been linked to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This gene is preferentially expressed in cerebellum, a brain structure implicated in this disorder. This study investigated the effects of this SNP on cerebellar development in children with and without ADHD. We collected 279 longitudinal T1-weighted structural images and DNA from 58 children with ADHD and 64 typically developing (TD) children matched for age, IQ, and gender. Groups were divided by the XKR4 rs2939678 SNP into A-allele carriers versus subjects homozygous for the G-allele. Cerebellar lobular volumes were segmented into 35 regions of interest using MAGeTBrain, an automated multi-atlas segmentation pipeline for anatomical MRI, and statistically analyzed using linear mixed models. We found decreased gray matter (GM) volumes in ADHD compared to TD children in bilateral lobules VIIIA, left VIIIB, right VIIB, and vermis VI. Furthermore, we found a linear age by gene interaction in left lobule VIIB where subjects homozygous for the G-allele showed a decrease in volume over time compared to A-allele carriers. We further found quadratic age × gene and age × diagnosis interactions in left lobule IV. Subjects homozygous for the G-allele (the genotype overtransmitted in ADHD) showed more suppressed, almost flat quadratic growth curves compared to A-allele carriers, similar to individuals with ADHD compared to controls. However, there was no interaction between genotype and diagnosis, suggesting that any effects of this SNP on cerebellar development are not specific to the disorder.
Antiemetics Added to Phenylephrine Infusion During Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether the addition of metoclopramide or its combination with ondansetron to a prophylactic phenylephrine infusion provides improved intraoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis compared with phenylephrine infusion alone. METHODS: Women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were randomized to one of three groups: placebo (placebo plus placebo); metoclopramide (metoclopramide 10 mg plus placebo); or combination (metoclopramide 10 mg plus ondansetron 4 mg). The first study drug was administered before spinal placement and the second was administered after cord clamping. Spinal anesthesia was standardized. The primary outcome was intraoperative nausea and vomiting. RESULTS: Three-hundred patients completed the study in two centers. Intraoperative nausea and vomiting occurred in 49%, 31%, and 23% of patients in the placebo, metoclopramide, and combination groups, respectively (P<.001). There was a significant difference between the two centers in exteriorization of the uterus (93% compared with 39%; P<.001) and intraoperative nausea and vomiting rates (47% compared with 20%; P<.001). In a multivariable model adjusting for center, exteriorization of the uterus, age, and hypotension, intraoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in the metoclopramide and combination groups compared with placebo (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24--4.42; P=.001 and OR 4.06, 95% CI 2.06--7.97; P<.001, respectively). Postoperative nausea and vomiting were reduced with the combination compared with placebo at 2 hours (39% compared with 20%; P<.017), but not at 2–6 hours or at 6–24 hours. CONCLUSION: Metoclopramide with ondansetron reduced intraoperative nausea and vomiting and early postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with placebo. Metoclopramide alone also decreased intraoperative but not postoperative nausea and vomiting. Surgical factors contributed to a significant difference in intraoperative nausea and vomiting between the two centers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01216410, ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Antidepressant Trials Involving High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials

Objective: To examine whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants were associated with an increased or decreased risk of cardiovascular adverse events (AEs). Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published between 1967 and May 2005 that treated patients with cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, geriatric age, nicotine dependence, alcoholism, HIV infection, and obesity. We defined serious AEs as death due to a cardiovascular cause, heart failure, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and myocardial infarction. Nonserious AEs were defined as palpitations, chest pain, angina, arrhythmia, hypertension, hypotension–syncope, and unspecified cardiovascular or neurologic events. Adverse event rates were calculated in 4 groups: SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), other active therapies, and placebo. Results: Stroke and cardiac patients were the highest-risk groups for cardiovascular AEs. We were unable to detect differences in odds between SSRI and placebo for both serious (odds ratio [OR] 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 1.21) and nonserious (OR 1.18; 95%CI, 0.90 to 1.57) cardiovascular AEs. There was a significant decrease in the odds of nonserious cardiovascular AEs (OR 0.46; 95%CI, 0.24 to 0.86, P = 0.02) for patients receiving SSRIs, compared with TCAs. Over one-half of the selected trials did not report the presence or absence of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: This systematic review of antidepressant trials in high-risk patients did not determine whether SSRIs are associated with a greater or lesser risk of cardiovascular AEs. Reasons for this conclusion include the rarity of serious AEs, the lack of large trials in these patients, and a lack of adequate reporting of AEs in published trials. Further trials assessing the risk of cardiovascular AEs and better trial reporting are needed.
Bus Identification System for Visually Impaired Person

Many technologies have recently made noticeable changes in several domains. This paper will shed the light on the field of transportation to improve the life quality of visually impaired persons (VIPs) using some of these technologies such as Radio Frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensors network. Furthermore, a mechatronic system architecture and an appropriate design for its components will be proposed. This system will allow VIPs to safely catch buses with the help of an audio device and a tactile interface through a wireless communication system (Wi-Fi) between the transmitter and the receiver. VIPs will have the opportunity to get information about bus/transit stop locations and departure times or other transit schedule information. The motivation behind this project is that buses are vital in enabling blind people to participate fully in society, access to facilities and services.
EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF ECT (PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS)

SUMMARY The aim of present double blind controlled study is to evaluate the effects of ECT in Schizophrenia and Depression. 20 depressed and 20 schizophrenic patients of either sex, in the age group 18 to 65 years fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for study. The psychiatric evaluations were carried out before the treatment, and at the end of 3, 6, 8 and 10 treatments. Cognitive test battery was administered before the treatment and 48 hours after the last treatment. No Post ECT cognitive deficit was observed on the test battery though some patients did complain of forgetfulness subjectively.
The Interaction of Technology Choice and Financial Risk Management: An Integrated Risk Management Perspective

This paper analyzes the integrated operational and financial risk management portfolio of a firm that determines whether to use flexible or dedicated technology and whether to undertake financial risk management or not. The risk management value of flexible technology is due to its risk pooling benefit under demand uncertainty. The financial risk management motivation comes from the existence of deadweight costs of external financing due to capital market imperfections. Financial risk management has a fixed cost, while technology investment incurs both fixed and variable costs. The firm's limited budget, which depends partly on a tradable asset, can be increased by borrowing from external markets, and its distribution can be altered with financial risk management. In a parsimonious model, we solve for the optimal risk management portfolio, and the related capacity, production, financial risk management and external borrowing levels, the majority of them in closed form. We characterize the optimal risk management portfolio as a function of firm size, technology and financial risk management costs, product market (demand variability and correlation) and capital market (external financing costs) characteristics. Our analysis contributes to the integrated risk management literature by characterizing the optimal risk management portfolio in terms of a more general set of operational and financial factors; providing the value and limitation of operational and financial risk management by explicitly modeling their costs and benefits; demonstrating the interactions between the two risk management strategies; and relating our theoretical results to empirical observations.
The legitimacy of strategic alliances: an institutional perspective

Drawing on an institutional perspective, this paper suggests that strategic alliances serve an important legitimating function for firms and that this role, mediated by alliance governance structure and partner selection preferences, has a significant influence on firm and alliance performance. A theoretical framework is proposed that identifies five types of legitimacy associated with strategic alliances and the specific conditions under which legitimation may be an important outcome of strategic alliances. Propositions are developed to explain when firms are most likely to enter into alliances for legitimacy purposes and how the legitimating role of strategic alliances contributes to firm and alliance performance. The paper concludes with a summary and implications of a legitimacy-based view of alliances. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exchanges and Their Investors: A New Look at Reporting Issues, Fraud, and Other Problems by Exchange

Statistics reporting litigated cases of fraud on an exchange-by-exchange basis are not readily available to investors. This paper introduces data from three countries with multiple exchanges with different listing standards – Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States – to show litigated cases of fraud significantly vary by country, and the different exchanges within the country. Comparisons are also made to Brazil, China and Germany to assess out-of-sample inferences. The data examined suggest there are significant differences in the nature of observed fraud across exchanges within the United States; by contrast, outside the United States there appears to be a comparative lack of enforcement. The data also suggest policy implications for the ways in which fraud ought to be reported to improve investor knowledge, market transparency and market quality.
Sport as a Vehicle for Deploying Corporate Social Responsibility

Stakeholder theory suggests that corporate social responsibility (CSR) should require organisations to consider the interests of all stakeholders including investors, suppliers, consumers, employees, the community and the environment in discharging their profit-directed activities. Implicit in this perspective is the assumption that both sport and corporate influence on social trends must be considered from multiple angles. Such a viewpoint encourages an examination of the overlaps between the social responsibilities of the sport and corporate worlds. This paper explores the role that sport can play as a vehicle for deploying CSR. It exposes the social responsibilities implicit in sport as well as those found in the corporate world. An opportunity lies at the intersection of these mutual responsibilities in the combination of the financial leverage available to corporations and the distributive/symbolic power inherent in sport. We argue that sport offers a bridge across social and economic gaps, an opportunity to improve the quality of life, and a stimulus to encourage large and profitable businesses to share a little of their prosperity.