Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IN INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS : 3 . EFFICACY OF DONEPEZIL ON BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE ALZHEIMER ’ S DISEASE Reflection

The article under discussion (Gauthier et al., 2002) is based on a sub-analysis from the Moderate to Severe Alzheimer Disease (MSAD) Study, which was an investigator-driven attempt to expand the use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) in the severe stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The results of MSAD have been published in Neurology (Feldman et al., 2001), including the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total score, which showed a statistically significant difference between placebo and donepezil at the 24-week end-point. In the article published in International Psychogeriatrics in 2002, the investigators of the MSAD Study analyzed which behavioral symptoms drove the difference in NPI total score. This publication has led to a new way of analyzing data on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) from randomized clinical trials: (1) individual items of the NPI are analyzed at baseline for frequency, and clusters can be defined from the population under study; (2) symptoms not present at baseline are examined for emergence during the study period; (3) symptoms present at baseline are examined for improvement during the study period. In the MSAD Study the total NPI-12 score difference at week 24 between donepezil and placebo was 5.6 (p < 0.001). Based on baseline individual NPI items scores, out of three clusters identified from a factor analysis a cluster of five items was identified as being of most clinical significance (agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, anxiety, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability); this “NPI-5” showed statistically significant difference between donepezil and placebo at weeks 4, 18 and 24. More importantly, the analysis of symptoms present at baseline showed improvement at week 24 for anxiety, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability. This information can be useful for clinicians monitoring treatment responses in individual patients taking donepezil. No individual symptom stood out in the prevention of emergence of
The hybrid identity of micro enterprises: contrasting the perspectives of community pharmacies’ owners-managers and professionals

Purpose - The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of ownership of community pharmacies on the perception of organizational identity and its relationships with organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was carried out on a sample of pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Portugal. The sample comprised 1,369 pharmacists, of whom 51% were owner-managers. Measures of pharmacies’ normative (community health oriented) and utilitarian (business oriented) identities, identity strength (clear and unifying), substantive (stockholder focused) and symbolic (society focused) performance were included. Findings – Both owners and employed pharmacists rated the normative identity of pharmacies higher than the utilitarian identity. Compared with employed pharmacists, owners perceive a lower level of utilitarian identity, the same level of normative identity, and higher levels of identity strength. Normative identity and identity strength predicted symbolic performance. Normative and utilitarian identities and identity strength predicted substantive performance. The relationship between utilitarian identity and substantive performance was significant among owner pharmacists but not among employed pharmacists. Research limitations/implications – The limitations include the use of perceptive measures and the focus on the individual level of analysis.
Brexit as critical juncture : factors for UK ’ s environmental policy amendment ?

The United Kingdom (UK)’s political divorce of the European Union (EU),or ‘Brexit’ will have some implications for many policy areas because of the complex institutional web of the EU not least the fact that the EU’s environmental policy is integrated into the UK’s policy. Thus, disentangling and reconfiguring the UK’s environmental policy seems necessary to circumvent environmental regulatory gaps. Scholars argue Brexit will provide the UK with the opportunity to amend its environmental policy not only to fill loopholes but also ensure that environmental protection is guaranteed. This paper highlights the factors that could influencethe UK’s environmental policy amendment because of Brexit. Gaps in the European Union Withdrawal Bill, trade deals, economic outlook and other circumstances are pivotal.
Relationships between Vertebral Heart Size ( VHS ) and Echocardiographic Parameters in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation

The primary objective of the present study was to compare vertebral heart size (VHS) to echocardiographic parameters which were used to monitor the degree of cardiomegaly and cardiac function, to see if there are relationships between them. Medical records of 34 dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR) were reviewed. Used as control were 18 beagles without cardiac diseases. VHS was measured in the right lateral radiographic views of dogs with or without MR There were significant positive relationships to echocardiographic parameters as follow; the end-systolic left atrial to end-diastolic aortic root ratio (LA/AO; r 0.696, p 0.0014), peak E-wave velocity, peak A-wave velocity, cardiac index (CI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEdV/BSA), stroke volume index (SVI) and heart rate, respectively. On the single regression line, the ranges of VHS which corresponded to the ranges of LA/AO, peak E velocity, peak A velocity, CI, LVEdV/BSA, SVI and heart rate in dogs without MR were 9.8 10.7, 9.8 11.2, 9.3 10.7, 9.2 10.8, 9.2 11.7, 8.5 11.5 and 7.8 12.4, respectively. It is suggested that the value of VHS corresponded to a status of left sided volume overload in dogs with MR.
Sero-epidemiological survey of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in children and adolescents in Ekiti State , Nigeria

This study was carried out between October, 2010 and February, 2011 to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among 1,000 children and adolescents in Ado-Ekiti and Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Serum samples were collected from the subjects and screened for antibodies to HBsAg, using hepatitis B kits with double sandwich antibody principles. Also, standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from the subjects. The results were recorded as positive or negative to HBsAg and were subjected to statistical analysis using a statistical package, SPSS windows version 17 and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Out of the 1,000 subjects enrolled in this study, 529 (52.9%) were males and 471 (47.1%) were females, aged between 9 and 20 years. HBsAg was detected in 115 (11.5%) subjects comprising 74 (14.0%) males and 41(8.7%) females. Prevalence rate was highest in age range 13 to 16 years (50.4%) and was lowest in age range 9 to 12 years (13.0%). Out of the 65 subjects who had previous history of blood transfusion, 7 (6.1%) were seropositive. A total of 21 (18.3%) subjects out of the 201 subjects recorded as having shared sharp instruments and personal materials were positive for HBsAg. Also, 26 (22.6%) out of the 71 subjects who have had sexual intercourse were seropositive. The high risk behaviors associated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in this population were; sharing of sharp instruments or personal materials (18.3%) and sexual contact (22.6%). There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the age, gender and location of the subjects and the prevalence of HBV. It was observed in this study that 115 (11.5%) of adolescents studied in Ado-and Ido-Ekiti harbor HBV and are ignorant of the disease caused by this virus. Mass screening, immunization against the virus and public health education to enlighten the public of the virus, and the possible routes of infection are recommended to reduce the spread of the virus. This study may provide invaluable base line information in controlling the spread of HBV infection in the study location and beyond.
EFFECTS OF SULPHATE REDUCING BACTERIA ON THERMOSETTING POLYMERS / ZN COMPOSITE COATINGS

Ships and barges are exposed to a lot of corrosion environments, an important role being microbiologically induced corrosion that attack ballast tanks and void spaces, cargo holds in commercial ships. The rate of corrosion increased quickly and it necessary repair and replacement of structural details, incurring very considerable cost penalties due to direct repair costs and to delay costs. Sulphate Reducing Bacteria is a group of phylogenetically diverse anaerobic microorganisms that were first discovered by Beijerinck in 1895. At present, 14 genera have been identified, the two most established genera of SRB being Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Corrosion induced by Sulphate Reducing Bacteria has made high losses in shipping and gas industry every year. The paper evaluate the attachment effect of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria and the variation of roughness values before and after the attachments on the surfaces of zinc and zinc – thermosetting polymers composite coatings obtained by electro co-deposition. For testing it was used two types of thermosetting polymers as disperse phase in zinc matrix. It was used zinc matrix because this metal is the most widely used material for protection of steel against corrosion. The success of using zinc as a coating on steel can be attributed to its sacrificial nature, low cost and ease of application. Investigations of the surfaces were made using atomic force microscopy method and epifluorescence method. Sessile bacteria on samples were stained with 4’, 6-diamidino-2phenylindol (DAPI). After testing it was observed that attachment of bacteria and the roughness of the composite coatings surfaces are lesser than on zinc surface. By decrease the roughness the pitting attack will be better controlled. Those facts indicated that the thermosetting polymers/Zn composite coatings are more resistant to the attack of microorganisms like Sulphate Reducing Bacteria.
ROLE OF WOMEN FARMERS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN JALINGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA , OF TARABA STATE ,

Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture Jalingo Taraba State, Nigeria.Department of Wildlife and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria Corresponding authors; E-mail: Kwakwahp@gmail.com, gbrlyager@gmail.com +2348053818088 and +2348160407039 This research assesses the role of women in agricultural development and their challenges in Jalingo local government area Taraba State of, Nigeria. The method adopted include simple random sampling techniques used to select fifteen (15) villages from the L.G. A and 150 women farmers were sampled. Interview scheduled was to obtain information from the women, on their socio-economic characteristics, farm production and their challenges. Data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistic. The result revealed that 33.3% of the respondents’ ages were within 31 – 40 years and their mean age was 39.0%; 60% of the respondents were Christians. 90.6% were married including widows and divorces, 9.3% single, however, 76.7% had formal education, 23.3% had no formal education; 20.6% had 10 year and above of farming experience, 32.7%; 46.7% for 1 – 5 years and 6 – 10 years respectively. Majority (57.3%) of the respondents were small-scale farmers having 0.1 – 1.5 hectare of farmland for cultivation of food crops. Majority of the women farmers acquire land for farming through rent/hire 45.3 and from their husband and relation (freehold) while others purchase it. The respondents’ sources of income for farming were through cooperatives societies (42.7%) and previous farm output (28.0%) only few (13.3%) and (16.0%) were able to use their salaries and secure Bank loan. The average income of the respondents was ₦14,000. The result also showed that women were involved farm activities and as well employed the labour of others. They plant different crops, rear animals/ fishes and keep poultry. The women farmers challenges include mainly: lack of farm inputs like fertilizers and implements, lack of land for farming. Women farmers have contributed immensely, to food production. So, it is recommended that, serious attention should be paid to their constraints because women are the backbone of agricultural development and food security in Nigeria.
Inhibition of Xnos 1 Translation by Structural Elements in the Open Reading Frame

of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by Professor Mary Lou King. No. of pages in text. (41) The spatio-temporal regulation of translation is critical to the proper development of all organisms. The presence of Translational Control Elements (TCEs) in Un-Translated Regions (UTRs) is one feature common to all regulated eukaryotic mRNAs examined to date. These TCEs serve as binding sites for sequence specific proteins or small regulatory RNAs that recruit other accessory proteins that inhibit translation. Xnos1, a localized RNA in the germ plasm of Xenopus, is negatively regulated by an unknown mechanism. We used in vivo and in vitro translation assays, competition assays, and ribosome binding assays in order to determine the location of the Xnos1 TCE and its mechanism of repression. The Xnos1 TCE is located in the open reading frame, a departure from the canonical translational regulation mechanisms. This TCE is predicted to form conserved secondary structures in the first 75 nucleotides of the open reading frame (ORF). In vitro translation assays demonstrated that the repression can be partially relieved by either denaturing the transcripts or by introducing point mutations that weaken the secondary structure. This TCE cannot be relieved by competition and therefore is likely not to require the presence of a repressor protein. The structural regulation of translation by a TCE in the open reading frame is a novel mechanism of repression for a eukaryotic mRNA.
Resistance training improves depression in female patients with multiple sclerosis

Introduction: Depression may affect up to 50% of the multiple sclerosis (MS) population and can significantly impact other symptoms such as fatigue and pain, as well as negatively affecting cognition and quality of life. Exercise may be a potential treatment to prevent or reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with MS, but existing studies do not allow solid conclusions. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance exercise on depression, adrenocotrotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol concentration in female patients with MS. Material & Methods: 27 women with MS (mean of age of 32.3 ± 6.9 years) with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores lower than 4.5 were randomly assigned to training or control group. The training group performed progressive resistance training program, 3 days a week for 8 weeks, whereas control group continued their usual routine activities. Depression was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and plasma level of ACTH and cortisol were measured by ELISA kits before and after training. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. Results: Results of ANCOVA test indicated that BDI score improves after 8 weeks resistance training (F=12.3, P=0.001). ACTH concentrations were increased (F=26.6, P=0.001) and cortisol levels were decreased (F=26.0, P=0.001) significantly after the intervention. Conclusions: These results suggest that resistance training improves depression symptoms and its related hormones in female patients with MS.
Do Institutional Investors Influence Capital Structure Decisions ?

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between institutional holdings and capital structure. Institutions may affect capital structure through their moni‐ toring and information‐gathering roles. At the same time, institutions may gravitate toward firms with specific capital structures, forming leverage‐based investment clienteles. Using implied trades generated from mutual fund outflows as an instru‐ ment for institutional holdings, and a semi‐natural experiment in which addition to the S&P 500 Index provides an exogenous shock to institutional holdings, we find that institutional holdings are a significant determinant of firms’ capital structures: A change in institutional holdings causes an opposite change in leverage. Moreover, using dynamic panel estimation, we find that while institutions affect capital struc‐ ture decisions, changes in leverage do not affect institutional holdings, and there is no evidence of a clientele effect. Finally, we find that firms lower their leverage in response to increased institutional holdings by becoming more likely to issue equi‐ ty, and less likely to increase debt. While our findings are consistent with models in which institutions substitute for debt by monitoring and reducing information asymmetry problems, further evidence suggests that the effect on asymmetric in‐ formation dominates. * Roni Michaely is from the Johnson School of Management, Cornell University and the IDC. Christopher Vincent is from the Johnson School of Management, Cornell University. Emails: Roni Michaely rm34@cornell.edu; Christopher Vincent cjv34@cornell.edu. We greatly ap‐ preciate the comments of Jacob Boudoukh, David De Angelis, Mark Flannery, Itay Goldstein, Vidhan Goyal, Yaniv Grinstein, Ohad Kadan, Andrew Karolyi, Shimon Kogan, Yelena Larkin, Mark Leary, Kai Li, Michelle Lowry, Jillian Popadak, Gideon Saar, Denis Sosyura, Lukas Roth, Feng Zhang, and seminar participants at Cornell University, Georgetown University, Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore, Singapore Manage‐ ment University, University of Alberta, University of British Columbia, University of Michi‐ gan, University of Syracuse, University of Toronto, University of Utah, the Corporate Fi‐ nance Conference at HKUST, the Corporate Finance Conference at the University of Wash‐ ington at St. Louis, and the SEI summer conference at IDC.
1 Corporate Investment in Swedish Family Firms : Do Investment Horizon and Diversification Level of Family Owners Matter ?

In the literature, large family owners are widely assumed to have undiversified portfolios and long-run horizons in the firms in which they invest. Consequently, these families are expected to take less risk in corporate financial decisions. Using a novel Swedish ownership dataset, we question these two assumptions and investigate whether family owners’ investment horizon and family-portfolio diversification level have any impact on corporate investment. Our data suggest that there is heterogeneity in both families’ investment horizon and family-portfolio diversification level. We first show that family firms seem to avoid long-run, so-called risky, investments. This is consistent with the literature’s conclusion that family firms are risk averse. Yet, exploiting the variations in our data, we find that longinvestment-horizon family owners invest in long-run corporate projects and families with diversified portfolios prefer long-run investments. However, diversified family owners choose less risky capital expenditures relative to more risky R&D. Moreover, we find that a lower level of investment in family firms is valued negatively by outside shareholders. The results are robust to a number of additional tests, including alternative measurements of investment, family ownership, horizon, and diversification, as well as sample-splits and endogeneity. Version: December 15, 2013
Social Network Sites Migrants : A Comprehensive Model of Social Network Sites Switching Intention

Consumer switching Intention, which is the strong predictor of Consumer switching Behavior, has always been an important criterion in marketing literature. Recently, this criterion is adapted to IS discipline to explain customers' switching Intentions under the context of Internet services, including blog, online gaming and Social Network Sites (SNSs). For IS researchers, the importance of this recently emerged concept is increasing because of the rapid growth of micro-bloggers and SNSs users and constantly improving variety in the portfolio of options for cyber service providers. This article goes through a comprehensive literature review for consumer switching behavior researches under multiple disciplines in order to provide a unified theory framework adapted from push-pull-mooring model of migration literature to thoroughly investigate Social Network Sites (SNSs) users' intention to switch between SNSs. I believe this framework will provide insights for both IS researchers and SNSs practitioners.
FINITE-TIME BLOWUP FOR A FAMILY OF NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS

These notes are based in particular on several joint works with Flávio Dickstein and Fred Weissler, whose overall objective is to shed some light on the mechanisms that lead certain solutions of nonlinear evolution PDEs to blow up in finitetime. More specifically, we study here finite-time blowup for the complex GinzburgLandau equation eut = ∆u+ |u|u, (1.1) where α > 0 and −π2 ≤ θ ≤ π 2 . In fact, changing u to u in (1.1) changes θ to −θ, so we may as well assume 0 ≤ θ ≤ π 2 . (1.2)
Promoting scholarship and academic inquiry within the profession of counseling

ing the core ideas within each domain. Each researcher worked independently to capture the core idea for each domain by re-examining each transcript. Core ideas consisted of concise statements of the data that illuminated the essence of the participant’s expressed perspectives and experiences. As a group, the researchers discussed the wording of core ideas for each case until consensus was achieved. Cross analysis. The researchers worked independently to identify commonalities of core ideas within domains across cases. Next, as a group, the research team worked to find consensus on the identified categories across cases. Aggregated core ideas were placed into categories and frequency labels were applied to indicate how general, typical, or variant the The Professional Counselor \ Volume 1, Issue 1 155 results were across cases. General frequencies refer to findings that are true for all but one of the cases (Hill et al., 2005). Typical frequencies refer to findings that are present in more than half of the cases. Variant frequencies refer to finding in at least two cases, but less than half. Audit. An external auditor was invited to question the data analysis process and conclusions. She was not actively engaged in the conceptualization and implementation of this study, which gave the research team the benefit of having an objective perspective. The external auditor reviewed and offered suggestions about the generation of domains and core ideas, and the cross-case categories. Most feedback was given in writing. At times, feedback was discussed via telephone. The research team reviewed all auditor comments, looked for evidence supporting the suggested change, and made adjustments based on team member consensus. Stability check. For the purpose of determining consistency, two of the 14 transcripts were randomly selected and set aside for cross-case analysis until after the remaining 12 transcripts were analyzed. This process indicated no significant changes in core domains and categories, which suggested consistency among the findings.
The International Monetary Fund in a Time of Crisis

The 1990s were turbulent times in the international monetary system. The turbulence began with the hyperinflations of the former Soviet states, passed through the Tequila crisis in Mexico in 1994, the Asian financial crises of 1997, the Russian collapse of 1998 and the international financial contagion associated with each of these episodes. In each country affected, the crises had substantial real costs: savings wiped out, jobs eliminated, purchasing power reduced. With each new crisis the call from the economics profession built to a crescendo: why can’t we forecast these crises better? Why can’t we pull the affected economies through the crisis with less real economic loss?