Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A supporting instrument for reflection based activities in higher education : achieving more potential through reflection

This bachelor thesis starts with the interest from the researcher in motivating students for their study. By a life changing experience the researcher finds out interesting about students losing their motivation for studying. Due to their skills to reflect on their study experience, according to him students nowadays students lack of insight around studying. These findings are echoed in interviews and literature, conducted during this thesis. Furthermore, in the end of this project an instrument (prototype) will be developed. Hence, a combining these facts the following research question has been conducted: How can an interactive reflection instrument contribute to improve insights in ones qualities and viewpoints, as part of their professional development during their study? The outcome will be an interactive instrument which students can use to undergo a line reflection about their minor situation (choice), to finally automatically generate a reflection report, to reduce reflection tiredness.
News media portrayal of attributed stakeholder attitudes to shark management in Australia

ABSTRACT Shark attacks have increased globally and are one of the most widely reported human-wildlife conflicts. Reflecting global trends, the number of recorded attacks has increased in Australian waters. Whether positively or negatively affected, stakeholders potentially often pressure authorities to mitigate economic and human risks when developing shark management policies. This article used discourse analysis to review how attitudes toward management approaches were attributed in Australian newspapers to a range of stakeholders. The most frequently attributed stakeholders were journalists and public office holders; victims, commercial operators, and scientists were least attributed. Although most measures were portrayed as supported by a majority of stakeholders, there was apparent misalignment between reported public and policymaker attitudes, especially regarding lethal control. Despite the ramifications (e.g., social, biological) of shark management and policymaking, reporting of science-informed facts and use of scientists to inform debate were low. Opportunities exist for increased engagement among scientists, journalists, and policymakers.
Multicultural London English and its speakers: a corpus-informed discourse study of standard language ideology and social stereotypes

ABSTRACT The research presented here constitutes the first investigation of the standard language ideology (SLI) in Great Britain that takes account of a multiethnolect – namely Multicultural London English (MLE). A corpus-informed discourse study was conducted to explore representations of MLE and its speakers in two corpora: one containing data from non-MLE-speaking Londoners and one consisting of data from MLE speakers themselves. The data included in these corpora had been collected by means of an online questionnaire. The discourses in both corpora clearly reflected the SLI that prevails in the British context – but much stronger evidence of this was found in the non-MLE speakers’ discourses. The non-MLE speakers were also found to hold much stronger, and very negative, social stereotypes of multiethnolect speakers. There was evidence of their use of iconisation and erasure in order to create linguistic (and social) differences between themselves and MLE speakers. Given the current political climate in Great Britain, it is hypothesised that the non-MLE speakers’ negative views of the multiethnolect and its speakers helped them reaffirm their own prestige, which they perceived to be threatened. Notably, the MLE speakers themselves were not complicit in the negative stereotypisation of their own group.
Exposure to Mental Health Training and Variations in Work Strain, Coping, and Positive Mental Health in the Canadian Military

Abstract Promoting adaptive coping has been a central objective of mental health training for enhancing resilience. A multi-group path analysis was conducted on 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey data to assess the indirect effect of work strain on positive mental health (PMH) through coping among Canadian Armed Forces Regular Force members who either received or did not receive mental health training in the past 5 years (N = 6696). Results pointed to a more frequent use of positive coping and a higher level of PMH among those with mental health training exposure. Work strain was associated with using less adaptive coping strategies (i.e., less frequent use of positive coping, more frequent use of negative coping) and, along with such coping strategies, predicted lower PMH. Furthermore, results revealed an indirect effect of work strain on PMH through coping. However, the magnitude of these associations varied little by mental health training exposure. Results support the view that work strain can diminish personal resources and thereby negatively impact coping, and thus underscore the importance of providing service members with access to support programs and services to help them through stressful situations.
Competitive retrieval strategy causes multimodal response distributions in multiple-cue judgments.

Research on quantitative judgments from multiple cues suggests that judgments are simultaneously influenced by previously abstracted knowledge about cue-criterion relations and memories of past instances (or exemplars). Yet extant judgment theories leave 2 questions unanswered: (a) How are past exemplars and abstracted cue knowledge combined to form a judgment? (b) Are all past exemplars retrieved from memory to form the judgment (integrative retrieval) or is the judgment based on one exemplar (competitive retrieval)? To address these questions we propose and test a new model, CX-COM (combining Cue abstraction with eXemplar memory assuming COMpetitive memory retrieval). In a first step, CX-COM recalls only a single exemplar from memory. In a second step, the initially retrieved judgment is adjusted based on abstracted cue knowledge. Qualitatively, we show that CX-COM naturally captures judgment patterns that have been previously attributed to multiple strategies. Next, we tested CX-COM quantitatively in 2 experiments and found that it accounts well for people's judgment behavior. In the second experiment we additionally tested 2 qualitative predictions of CX-COM: The existence of multimodal response distributions within participants and systematic variability in judgments depending on the distance between similar exemplars in memory. The empirical results confirm CX-COM's assumptions. In sum, the evidence suggests that CX-COM is a viable new model for quantitative judgments and shows the importance of considering judgment variability in addition to average responses in judgment research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Sexually Abusive Youth with Low Intellectual Functioning: Contemporary Risk Assessment Findings from MEGA♪ Studies

ABSTRACT Presented are the largest studies in the field of risk assessment of sexually abusive youths, of youth with low intellectual functioning of borderline or below average (n = 746 and n = 522). Youth were part of two major validation studies [1979–2017]: MEGA♪ Combined Samples Studies (N = 3,901 and MEGA♪ Combined Cross Validation Studies (N = 2,717). Samples were adjudicated and non-adjudicated (males, females, and transgender-female (Trans-MTF) sexually abusive youth, ages 4–19). The measure employed was the ecologically framed MEGA♪ risk level assessment tool, with statistically weighted cutoff scores (i.e. normative data, calibrated risk levels grounded on given algorithms) according to age and gender. Presented are findings on descriptive characteristics and risk levels of youth in both samples who have low intellectual functioning of borderline or below average. Risk assessment tools for sexually abusive youth need to show sensitivity to developmental issues, gender, and intellectual functioning, with calibrated risk levels according to age and gender.
Two-Year Update on ACHA-NCHA II Results Following the Implementation of a Sexual Assault Violence Prevention and Awareness Campaign at a State-Supported Regional University

Objective: We measured, progress on seven (7) objectives from Topic Area: Injury and Violence Prevention of the Healthy Campus 2020 campaign at our university. We assessed execution of a Sexual Assault Violence Prevention and Awareness campaign one-year post implementation. Participants and Methods: One thousand and fifty-two students at our University completed the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II Survey. Results: From 2.8-11% of students reported emotionally, physically, and sexually abusive intimate relationships, and non-consensual touching and penetration. Conclusions: Our University is committed to supporting and maintaining an educational environment free from all forms of violence and will continue to offer educational sessions and outreach efforts.
Factors Influencing Science Teachers’ Self-Efficacy

This research explored the level of teachers’ self-efficacy based on their gender, education degree, title, grade levels, years of teaching and the correlation between these factors. Convenience sampling was used to select 148 science teachers in China. A survey method was used, and the data were collected using the Teacher Teaching Efficacy Scale (TSES). The results showed that the self-efficacy of most science teachers is at a medium level. Furthermore, there was a significant gap in the teachers’ self-efficacy based on their gender, education degree, years of teaching. Surprisingly, it was found that the efficacy of males is stronger than females in science teaching. Moreover, there was a moderate positive and significant correlation between science teachers’ self-efficacy and years of teaching. Teachers with a long teaching experience had the tendency to obtain a higher self-efficacy score. However, the science teachers with higher degree would have a lower sense of efficacy. Therefore, it is concluded that skills training in student management, classroom management and teaching strategies should be strengthened while improving the degree among the pre-service teachers. In addition, the self-efficacy of female science teachers should be more concerned.
Psychotherapist retirement: What is lost and what is gained

Retiring from the practice of psychotherapy is a profound transition for the therapist, but the topic is all but neglected in the professional literature. A recently retired therapist reflects on his own retirement and proposes that to understand and process this transition requires exploring why one initially chose this profession and what satisfactions one gets from the work. Reasons for retiring as well as refraining from retirement are examined. There are both losses and gains in this transition and they are explored on personal as well as theoretical levels.
Compounding Injustice: History and Prediction in Carceral Decision-Making

Risk assessment algorithms in criminal justice put people's lives at the discretion of a simple statistical tool. This thesis explores how algorithmic decision-making in criminal policy can exhibit feedback effects, where disadvantage accumulates among those deemed 'high risk' by the state. Evidence from Philadelphia suggests that risk - and, by extension, criminality - is not fundamental or in any way exogenous to political decision-making. A close look at the geographical and demographic properties of risk calls into question the current practice of prediction in criminal policy. Using court docket summaries from Philadelphia, we find evidence of a criminogenic effect of incarceration, even controlling for existing determinants of 'criminal risk'. With evidence that criminal treatment can influence future criminal convictions, we explore the theoretical implications of compounding effects in repeated carceral decisions.
How to encourage a lifelong learner? The complex relation between learning strategies and assessment in a medical curriculum

Abstract To foster lifelong learning skills, we need new didactic approaches with aligned assessment methods. Therefore, we investigated whether the outcomes of a project assignment show a different relation to learning strategies than a longitudinal knowledge-based assessment. We studied learning strategies of first year students of medicine and biomedical sciences (n = 248) and performed hierarchical regression analyses for the learning strategies and grades of the longitudinal knowledge-based test and project assignment. Scores of students, measured with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Likert scale 1–7), were relatively low for critical thinking (3.53), compared to rehearsal (4.40), elaboration (4.82), organisation (4.69) and metacognitive self-regulation (4.33). Knowledge based tests showed a significant relation to elaboration (p < 0.01). For the project-based assessment, we did not find a significant relation to any learning strategy (p = 0.074). Explained variance of the grades was low for all learning strategies (R2 < 0.043). Different types of assessment did not discriminate between students with high or low scores on learning strategies associated with lifelong learning. An explanation is that the curriculum is not aligned with assessment, or students do not benefit in terms of grades. We conclude that, if assessment is to drive lifelong learning skills, this is not self-evident.
Trading Routing Diversity for Better Network Performance

Most sensor networks employ distributed and dynamic routing protocols. The flexibility that each node can choose the best forwarder from a diverse candidate set could offer excellent routing performance when the network is highly dynamic. However, it sacrifices routing predictability since it is possible that routing loops are frequently formed. Can we increase the network predictability by controlling the network? As a step towards solving this problem, we introduce FlexCut, a flexible approach for cutting off wireless links, which essentially limits the candidate forwarder set of each node. Unlike existing SDN solutions, FlexCut introduces flexible control over existing distributed and dynamic routing protocols. FlexCut can trade arbitrary amounts of routing diversity for better network performance by exposing to network operators a parameter which quantifies the aggressiveness. We propose novel algorithms, both centralized and distributed, to cut off user-defined number of links so that loops can be alleviated while routing flexibility can be preserved to the largest extent. We evaluate FlexCut extensively by both testbed experiments and simulations. Results show that FlexCut improves the performance by $40\%\sim 90\%$40%∼90% compared with a baseline algorithm in terms of our optimization goal. Results also show that FlexCut can improve the network performance of a sensor network by $20\%\sim 35\%$20%∼35%, $30\% \sim 50\%$30%∼50%, $25\%$25% respectively, in terms of packet delivery ratio, transmission delay, and radio duty cycle.
The incorporation of self-spirituality into Western organizations: A gender-based critique

Based on a review of existing qualitative research, this study proposes a gender-based interpretation and critique of the incorporation of self-spirituality into mainstream organizations. The article’s findings show that the enactment of self-spirituality in organizations often evokes experiences of tension or objection. The basic premises of self-spirituality culture are concerned with the authentic self and the emphasis on the individual’s awareness of his or her body, thoughts, and feelings is, in fact, a manifesto of the legitimate sources of ‘knowing’ at work. This premise is radically different from rationality as a fundamental principle of knowing and organizing. Self-spirituality further proposes an alternative to workplace relationships, which is based on a radical equality. I argue that these perceptions are embodied in gendered power relations—the relationship between the feminine self-spirituality and the masculine secular organizations. Two main modes of incorporation of self-spirituality into organizations were identified: the ‘domesticated masculine mode of incorporation’, which is presented as a ‘joining force’ in achieving main organizational values, and the ‘feminine’ modes of the incorporation of self-spirituality, which presents a revolutionary alternative to organizations. As for the viability of these modes of incorporation for creating change, self-spirituality in its domesticated masculine mode of incorporation appears to align itself with organizations public domain. In contrast to this, the two ‘feminine’ modes of incorporation create the possibility for self-spirituality to be lived by individuals as an ‘individual wisdom’. The study contributes to organization research by identifying ways in which radical alternatives may be incorporated into organizations.
Discriminant Analysis of Psycho-Social Predictors of Mathematics Achievement of Gifted Students in Nigeria

The disturbing issue of Mathematics underachievement among gifted students seems more like a mystery than a reality and therefore calls for urgent intervention. This is why this study was motivated to investigate the psycho-social predictors that are reliable in discriminating potential achievers and underachieving gifted students in Mathematics. The study is a causal comparative study of 154 gifted SSII students purposively selected through multi-stage screening form 15 secondary schools in Calabar education zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. The discriminant analysis was used to answer the four research questions set to guide the study. There were three main instruments used in the study; the adapted Slosson Intelligence Test Revised (SIT-R r= 0.89) edition, Psycho-Social Scale for Adolescent (PSSA; r=.72, .69, .76, .78, .68, .73 and .73 for the sub-scales) and Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT; r=.78). The result of the data analysis revealed that selected psycho-social variables: Mathematics self-efficacy, Mathematics interest, Mathematics task commitment, peer influence, parental influence and Mathematics career aspiration) significantly and reliably predict and classify gifted students into Mathematics potential achievers and underachievers with the exception of the students’ general intelligence . The findings show that there are more gifted Mathematics underachievers (N= 82; 53.3%) than gifted potential Mathematics achievers (N= 72; 46.7%). It also shows that 100% of the gifted underachievers and potential achievers were perfectly classified.
Bordering on Empathy: The Effect of Selective Exposure and Border Residency on Immigration Attitudes

Two surveys, including an original survey and a survey containing substantial secondary data, found substantial links between party identity, selective media exposure and attitudes on immigration. Republicans were significantly more likely to segregate themselves to like-minded media and to avoid traditional objective sources like national and local newspapers, local and national broadcast television news. Border-state residency failed to moderate attitudes about immigration; differences were found between local and national media. Finally, Republican support for immigration fell between 2016 and 2018, after the election of President Trump.
Revealing the structure of affective schematic representations in the medial prefrontal cortex

Adaptive cognition is fostered by knowledge about the structure and value of our environment. Here, we hypothesize that these two kinds of information are inherently intertwined as affective schemas in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Schemas (e.g., of a social network) emerge by extracting commonalities across experiences and can be understood as graphs comprising nodes (e.g., people) and edges (e.g., their relationships). We sampled information about unique real-life environments (i.e., about personally familiar people and places) and probed their neural representations with fMRI. Using representational similarity analysis, we show that the mPFC encodes both, the nodes and the edges of the schema. Critically, the strength of the edges is not only determined by experience and centrality of a given node but also by its affective value. We thus account for the involvement of the mPFC in seemingly disparate functions and suggest that valuation emerges naturally from encoded memory representations.
E-learning for adult literacy, language and numeracy: summary of findings

This report summarises the main findings of a research project on how e-learning can help to improve adults’ literacy, language and numeracy [LLN] skills. It investigates how e-learning can be employed as a means of reaching greater numbers of adult learners and how to better meet their learning needs. The overarching research question was: What characteristics of programmes, such as e-learning, mixed mode, and distance learning, have been successful in raising the LLN skills of adult learners and could be used to supplement workplace training? The main message from the research is that e-learning is relevant to and useful for most adults with literacy, language and/or numeracy learning needs. However, these benefits rely on a learning programme that is carefully designed to fit each individual’s needs and lifestyle, his or her proficiency with digital technologies, and his or her level of reading literacy.
Altered core networks of brain connectivity and personality traits in internet gaming disorder

Abstract Background and aims Although the Internet has provided convenience and efficiency in many areas of everyday life, problems stemming from Internet use have also been identified, such as Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Internet addiction, which includes IGD, can be viewed as a behavioral addiction or impulse control disorder. This study investigated the altered functional and effective connectivity of the core brain networks in individuals with IGD compared to healthy controls (HCs). Methods Forty-five adults with IGD and 45 HCs were included in this study. To examine the brain networks related to personality traits that influence problematic online gaming, the left and right central executive network (CEN) and the salience network (SN) were included in the analysis. Also, to examine changes in major brain network topographies, we analyzed the default mode network (DMN). Results IGD participants showed lower functional connectivity between the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other regions in the CEN than HC participants during resting state. Also, IGD participants revealed reduced functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other regions in the SN and lower functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of the anterior DMN. Notably, in IGD individuals but not HC individuals, there was a positive correlation between IGD severity and effective connectivity and a positive correlation between reward sensitivity and effective connectivity within the ventral striatum of the SN. Conclusions Problematic online gaming was associated with neurofunctional alterations, impairing the capacity of core brain networks.