Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role Conflict and Coping Behaviour of Married Working Women

This study examined the conflict that married women experienced between work and family roles, and analysed the coping behaviour. Data from 82 professional women from six research institutes revealed that married women experienced work-family conflict with varying intensities in trying to meet the expectations of work and family roles. In managing the work-family conflict, the women tended to cope through reactive role behaviour, and personal role redefinition by changing their own attitudes and perceptions of role expectations. These two strategies were more frequently adopted than structural role redefinition, which entails changing the expectation of members in the role set such as family members, colleagues and leaders at the work place, and society. Implications of these findings for working women and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Emotions, price and quality expectations in hotel services

Price, service-quality expectations and emotions have all been found to play a key role in customers’ assessments of offers, but little attention has been given to how these variables interrelate. This article presents an original model to study these interrelations. The model was tested on a sample of 841 hotel customers using structural equation modelling. The results show that the stronger the customers’ emotions, the more likely they were to perceive the product as cheap and the higher their predictive expectations of service quality. Additionally, although the observed price level influenced customers’ predictive expectations, the perception of a product as expensive or cheap did not. These findings have important business implications.
Screening of ecotoxicological, qualitative and reproductive variables in male European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) reared in three different fish farms: Facility location and typology

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of both facility location and typology of fish farm on some ecotoxicological, qualitative and reproductive variables in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Several variables were investigated: gonado-somatic index (GSI), liver-somatic index (LSI); 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase and acetylcholinesterase activities; glutathione (GSH), testosterone, 17β-estradiol, total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and triglyceride contents. In addition, the histological sections of gonads were examined. Results suggest that LSI, EROD activity, GSI, GSH, PL, hormone levels and gonad morphology were influenced by different facility locations and typologies of fish farm.
Valve repair improves the outcome of surgery for mitral regurgitation. A multivariate analysis.

BACKGROUND Mitral valve repair has been suggested as providing a better postoperative outcome than valve replacement for mitral regurgitation, but this impression has been obscured by differences in baseline characteristics and has not been confirmed in multivariate analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS The outcomes in 195 patients with valve repair and 214 with replacement for organic mitral regurgitation were compared using multivariate analysis. All patients had preoperative echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function. Before surgery, patients with valve repair were less symptomatic than those with replacement (42% in New York Heart Association functional class I or II versus 24%, respectively; P = .001), had less atrial fibrillation (41% versus 53%; P = .017), and had a better ejection fraction (63 +/- 9% versus 60 +/- 12%, P = .016). After valve repair, compared with valve replacement, overall survival at 10 years was 68 +/- 6% versus 52 +/- 4% (P = .0004), overall operative mortality was 2.6% versus 10.3% (P = .002), operative mortality in patients under age 75 was 1.3% versus 5.7% (P = .036), and late survival (in operative survivors) at 10 years was 69 +/- 6% versus 58 +/- 5% (P = .018). Late survival after valve repair was not different from expected survival. After surgery, ejection fraction decreased significantly in both groups but was higher after valve repair (P = .001). Multivariate analysis indicated an independent beneficial effect of valve repair on overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.39; P = .00001), operative mortality (odds ratio, 0.27; P = .026), late survival (hazard ratio, 0.44; P = .001), and postoperative ejection fraction (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Valve repair significantly improves postoperative outcome in patients with mitral regurgitation and should be the preferred mode of surgical correction. The low operative mortality is an incentive for early surgery before ventricular dysfunction occurs.
University students' notebook computer use: lessons learned using e-diaries to report musculoskeletal discomfort

The objective of this pilot study was to identify if notebook accessories (ergonomic chair, desktop monitor and notebook riser) combined with a wireless keyboard, mouse and participatory ergonomics training would have the greatest impact on reducing self-reported upper extremity musculoskeletal discomfort in university students. In addition to pre-post computing and health surveys, the Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to capture change in discomfort over time using a personal digital assistant (PDA) as the e-diary. The PDA was programmed with a survey containing 45 questions. Four groups of university students were randomised to either intervention (three external computer accessories) or to control. Participants reported less discomfort with the ergonomic chair and notebook riser based on the pre-post survey data and the e-diary/PDA ANOVA analysis. However, the PDA data, adjusted for the effect of hours per day of computer use, showed no benefit of the chair and limited benefit from the riser. Statement of Relevance:University students' use of notebook computers has increased. This study found evidence of a positive effect of an adjustable chair or notebook riser when combined with ergonomic training on reducing discomfort. Daily notebook computer use of 4 h was confirmed as a risk factor. Without some form of ergonomic intervention, these students are likely to enter the workforce with poor computing habits, which places them on the road to future injuries as technology continues to play a dominant role in their lives.
Habitat affinity, the seasonal flood pulse, and community assembly in the littoral zone of a Neotropical floodplain river

Abstract The annual flood pulse in tropical lowland rivers creates a continually moving land–water margin that forces aquatic organisms of the littoral zone to relocate to new habitats at intervals ranging from days to weeks. Thus, species assemblages in patchy littoral-zone habitats have large potential to be influenced by stochastic colonization dynamics, whereby organisms may exhibit weak selection for mesohabitat features and arrive on a patch in no particular sequence. We examined species assemblages of fishes and macroinvertebrates occupying habitats of varying structural complexity through an annual flood cycle of the Cinaruco River, a species-rich floodplain river in the southern llanos of Venezuela. We collected 268 standardized samples that contained 54,596 individual fishes representing 156 species (23 families) and 6973 macroinvertebrates representing 8 families. Analysis of species-specific patterns of habitat occupancy based on a randomization procedure indicated greater species selectivity during low water (92% of taxa) relative to rising- and falling-water periods (60% and 63% of taxa, respectively). Community-wide correspondence analysis (CA) revealed similar patterns. Assemblages from similar habitat types clustered together in the CA ordination, and these nonrandom patterns were most apparent during low water. Results from partial canonical correspondence analysis revealed that assemblage structure was strongly influenced by habitat type (patches of different composition located within the shallow littoral zone of either the river main channel or lagoons), which accounted for 56% of the total explainable variation in the species × sample matrix. Mesohabitat parameters (e.g., water velocity, depth), sampling period (month), and location on the landscape explained 30%, 23%, and 17% of variation, respectively. As water level changes and the aquatic–terrestrial interface moves across the landscape, species assemblages in patchy littoral habitats, while highly variable, reconstitute with significant determinism. At the same time, a large proportion of unexplained variation in assemblage structure probably is associated with unmeasured components of landscape variation as well as a stochastic element in colonization dynamics.
The Effects of Aging and Dorsal Hippocampal Lesions: Performance on Spatial and Nonspatial Comparable Versions of the Water Maze

Aged intact and young hippocampal-lesioned rats show similar deficits on the spatial water maze. However, this does not necessitate that the source of these deficits in the aged animals is due to hippocampal damage. These water maze deficits may arise from other aging factors such as changes in thermoregulation, muscle fatigue, swim ability, and response to stress. Consequently, it is imperative to examine the performance of aged rats on a comparable nonhippocampal version of this task. Past attempts to develop a hippocampus-independent version of the water maze were confounded because these tasks were easier (i.e., the rats spent much less time swimming in the water) than the spatial versions of the task. The current study examined performance on a hippocampus-independent task comparable in difficulty to the spatial water one. Middle-aged (16-m) and old (25-m) male F344 rats were given sham or dorsal hippocampus lesions and tested on both a spatial and a nonspatial water maze. The middle-aged rats with hippocampal lesions were impaired on the spatial task but not on the nonspatial task. Conversely, aged animals showed a similar impairment on both types of water maze tasks. Additionally, hippocampal lesions exacerbated the age-related impairment on both tasks. These findings indicate that caution must be used when interpreting the results of water maze tasks for aged animals.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis and diabetes mellitus: which correlation among fructosamine, glycosylated haemoglobin and exchangeable potassium.

AIM Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can monitor diabetics suffering from the frequently occurring state of hyperglycemia, as this can cause alterations in the water distribution in the body. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the composition of the body and the diabetic disease during decompensation through the impedanciometric analysis in diabetic patients of type 1 and type 2 and to understand the possible alterations of water distribution. METHODS The study was carried out with 52 subjects (8 males, 44 females), average years 46.5; 15 of them were diabetic, 7 characterised by diabetes of type 1 and 8 by diabetes of type 2. All the patients recruited were in poor metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAlc] >6%). In order to avoid any errors during the evaluation ofa water distribution in the body, patients suffering from hypertension were excluded from the recruitment process. All patients underwent impedanciometry total body using the HUMAN IM SCAN apparatus multifrequency. RESULTS Through the application of BIA, our work has shown how diabetic patients have a lower quantity of extracellular water (ECW) and exchangeable potassium (Ke) in the body, as compared to non-diabetic patients. The causes of this could be the alteration of the plasmic osmolarity and the possible reduction of the mass of metabolically active cells. Further-more a relationship between fructosamine in the blood and Ke has been found and, alongside another, more significant, between HbA1c and Ke. According to the opinions of the authors, such results are worthy for further studies in order to obtain a greater accuracy in the evaluation of the amount of Ke and an alternative in estimation of metabolic control.
THE IMPLEMENTABILITY OF WESTERN APPROACHES IN EASTERN SOCIETIES

The field of foreign language teaching has been dominated mostly by Western views. While some of these views can indeed be implemented, many others, especially with regards to the role of the teacher and that of the students, stumble on cultural barriers; the approaches are also constrained by the unavailability of educational facilities in most Eastern societies. This paper is to look into these two constraints: (a) in the case of learner autonomy and the new role of the teacher, the Western concepts cannot be conveniently implemented without changing the cultural values of the society, and (b) in the case of educational facilities, Western approaches such as Community Language Learning, Total Physical Response, Suggestopedy, and Content-based Instruction, which are claimed to be student-centered, cannot easily be implemented in normal classrooms where educational aids are not generally available on the national scope. Keywords: learner autonomy, Community Language Learning, Total Physical Response, Suggestopedy, Content-based Instruction.
Color Stability of New Esthetic Restorative Materials: A Spectrophotometric Analysis

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the color stability of different esthetic restorative materials (one microfilled composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanoceramic composite, one microfilled hybrid composite, one microfilled hybrid composite, one nanohybrid Ormocer based composite and one supra-nano spherical hybrid composite) after exposure to different staining solutions (physiological saline, red wine, coffee). All materials were prepared and polymerized into silicon rings (2 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm) to obtain specimens identical in size. Thirty cylindrical specimens of each material were prepared. Specimens were immersed in staining solutions (physiological saline, coffee and red wine) over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE L*a*b* system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, 28 days of the staining process. The Shapiro–Wilk test and ANOVA were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. A paired t-test was applied to test which CIE L*a*b* parameters significantly changed after immersion in staining solutions. All restorative materials showed significant color differences after immersion in coffee. Coffee caused a significant color change in all types of tested composite resins. Only Filtek Supreme XTE demonstrated a staining susceptibility to red wine; no other significant differences among the materials were demonstrated. Long-term exposure to some food dyes (coffee in particular) can significantly affect the color stability of modern esthetic restorative materials regardless of materials’ different compositions.
Influence of feeding schedule, type of forage, and ratio of flaked corn to forage on rumen fermentation.

Abstract Fistulated steers were fed corn silage or Coastal Bermuda hay with four ratios of a flaked corn mixture (20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20). The rations were fed in four equal portions at six-hour intervals. This method of feeding created an even level of rumen fermentation and resulted in nonsignificant differences in volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration at various sampling periods. Corn silage resulted in a higher concentration of VFA than hay at all ratios of forage to grain. The high concentration of Na in the rumen fluid indicated a dominant role for the mineral in buffering VFA in the rumen. In a second trial, corn silage and the grain mixture was fed at a grain-to-silage ratio of 60:40 in three sequences: 1) four equal feeds at six-hour intervals, 2) grain at 7 am and 7 pm and silage at 1 pm and 1 am , and 3) all grain at 7 am and 1/3rd of silage at 1 pm , 7 pm , and 1 am . Feeding Schedules 2 and 3 significantly increased the production of propionic acid. Feeding all grain at 7 am created a significantly different pattern of fermentation than the other rations. The data indicate that feeding programs can be developed which should permit high levels of grain feeding without reducing milk fat percentage.
Emergency assessment of hemostasis in the bleeding patient

Emergency hemostasis testing is typically used to determine which blood products are needed to correct hemostatic defects associated with bleeding. Rapid assessment of hemostasis can be performed using standard or viscoelastic hemostasis tests in the clinical laboratory, satellite laboratory, or using point‐of‐care methods. The major drawback of standard coagulation testing is that most clinical laboratories are focused more on accuracy than on turnaround time. Improving turnaround times may require revision of the entire approach to performing the testing in the clinical laboratory including specimen processing, testing, and reporting. An advantage to rapid central laboratory testing is the availability to all areas of the hospital, not just the emergency department or operating rooms. Use of point‐of‐care assays can improve turnaround times, but point‐of‐care tests typically show more variation and lower precision. Viscoelastic global hemostasis tests can be used for rapid assessment as well, but care needs to be taken in the interpretation of the results. Viscoelastic testing is currently the only method that can detect severe fibrinolysis. Platelet function testing is useful for detection of hereditary platelet function problems and some antiplatelet medication monitoring, but is less useful for preoperative bleeding risk assessment or diagnosing the cause of acquire bleeding syndromes. This review will highlight different approaches to the rapid assessment of hemostasis.
[Perception of emotions in patients with ischemic stroke].

OBJECTIVE To study neuropsychological characteristics of perception processes, recognition and differentiation of emotional distress in post stroke patients with regard to localization of ischemic lesion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors examined 47 post stroke patients with right-hemisphere and left hemisphere localization of ischemic stroke in the early stage of hospitalization. The Subjective Feelings Scale and a battery of neuropsychological tests were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In patients with right-hemisphere localization of the lesion, positive emotional reactions were more frequent, neuropsychological implementation level was realized through details and differentiation of the image. In patients with left-hemispheric localization of ischemic stroke, negative emotional reactions were dominated and neuropsychological implementation level was realized through a vague and undifferentiated way.
Effectiveness of Prenatal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination on Pertussis Severity in Infants

Background. All US women are recommended to receive a tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine at 27–36 weeks gestation during each pregnancy to reduce the risk of pertussis to their infants. The impact of this strategy on severity of disease among infected infants has not been evaluated. Methods. We use a retrospective cohort study design evaluating whether pertussis-infected infants born in 2011–2015 whose mothers received Tdap vaccine during pregnancy had less severe pertussis, resulting in a lower risk of hospitalization or intensive care unit admission compared with infants born to unvaccinated mothers. Results. Infected infants of vaccinated mothers were significantly less likely to be hospitalized and had significantly shorter hospital stays compared with infants born to unvaccinated mothers, after adjustment for chronological and gestational age and receipt of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine. Unadjusted and adjusted vaccine effectiveness for preventing hospitalization among infants with pertussis was 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49%–85%) and 58% (95% CI 15%–80%), respectively. No infants born to vaccinated mothers required intubation or died of pertussis. Conclusions. Infants with pertussis whose mothers received Tdap during pregnancy had a significantly lower risk of hospitalization and intensive care unit admission and shorter hospital stays. Prenatal Tdap vaccination is a critical strategy for reducing the morbidity and mortality from pertussis.
HMGB1 Develops Enhanced Proinflammatory Activity by Binding to Cytokines1

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), originally characterized as a nuclear DNA-binding protein, has also been described to have an extracellular role when it is involved in cellular activation and proinflammatory responses. In this study, FLAG-tagged HMGB1 was inducibly expressed in the presence of culture media with or without added IL-1β, IFN-γ, or TNF-α. HMGB1 purified from cells grown in culture media alone only minimally increased cytokine production by MH-S macrophages and had no effect on murine neutrophils. In contrast, HMGB1 isolated from cells cultured in the presence of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α had enhanced proinflammatory activity, resulting in increased production of MIP-2 and TNF-α by exposed cells. IL-1β was bound to HMGB1 isolated from cells cultured with this cytokine, and purified HMGB1 incubated with recombinant IL-1β acquired proinflammatory activity. Addition of anti-IL-1β Abs or the IL-1 receptor antagonist to cell cultures blocked the proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 purified from IL-1β-exposed cells, indicating that such activity was dependent on interaction with the IL-1 receptor. These results demonstrate that HMGB1 acquires proinflammatory activity through binding to proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β.
rhKGF stimulates lung surfactant production in neonatal rats in vivo

Surfactant deficiency and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), major obstacles in preterm infants, are addressed with pre‐ and postnatal glucocorticoids which also evoke harmful catabolic side‐effects. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) accelerates surfactant production in fetal type II pneumocytes (PN‐II), protects epithelia from injury and is deficient in lungs developing BPD, highlighting its potential efficacy in neonates. Neonatal rats were treated with recombinant human (rh)KGF, betamethasone, or their combination for 48 hr prior to sacrifice after which body weight, surfactant, and tissue phosphatidylcholines (PC) were investigated at postnatal d3, d7, d15, and d21. Pneumocyte proliferation, surfactant protein (SP) expression and SP‐B/C in lung lavage fluid (LLF) were also determined at d7 and d21 to identify broader surfactant changes occurring at the beginning and end of the initial alveolarization phase. While all treatments increased secreted surfactant PC, BM compromised animal growth whereas rhKGF did not. At d3 rhKGF was more effective in male compared to female rats. Single treatments became less effective towards d21. Neither treatment altered PC composition in LLF. BM inhibited PN‐II proliferation and increased surfactant PCs at the expense of tissue PCs. rhKGF however increased surfactant PCs without decreasing other PC species. Whereas SP‐B/C gene expression was induced by all treatments, the changes in secreted SP‐B/C mirrored those observed for surfactant PC. Our results encourage investigation of the mechanisms by which rhKGF improves surfactant homoeostasis, and detailed examination of its efficacy in neonatal lung injury models with a view to implementing it as a non‐catabolic surfactant‐increasing therapeutic in neonatal intensive care. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:883–895. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.