Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of coronary bypass graft occlusion and stenosis with 64-detector-row computed tomography angiography

Background: A noninvasive imaging modality is desirable for the evaluation of coronary bypass graft stenosis and occlusion. Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of 64-detector-row computed tomography (DCT) for the assessment of coronary bypass grafts. Material and Methods: Forty-two patients (35 male, seven female, mean age 66.3 years) with 103 bypass grafts (32 arterial, 71 venous) were examined with 64-DCT. The evaluations were done by two radiologists blinded to the results of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), used as the reference standard. Results: All of the 26 occluded grafts, nine of the 10 stenosed grafts, and 66 of the 67 patent grafts were correctly diagnosed with 64-DCT angiography. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for 64-DCT in detecting graft stenosis were 90%, 99%, 90%, and 99%, respectively. For graft occlusion, all were 100%. No statistically significant difference was found between 64-DCT and QCA for the evaluation of bypass grafts. Intermodality and interobserver agreement were excellent. Conclusion: 64-DCT angiography is a reliable, noninvasive diagnostic method for the assessment of coronary bypass grafts. It can be considered as a useful tool for follow-up purposes and may function as a gatekeeper before invasive procedures.
Transcription and DNA sequence of the BamHI L fragment of B95‐8 Epstein‐Barr virus.

The sequence of the BamHI L fragment of B95‐8 Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA has been determined. The transcription starts of five promoters have been mapped to this fragment, using S1 mapping and either in vitro transcription or the primer extension technique. Dramatically increased levels of cytoplasmic poly(A) + RNAs, transcribed from these promoters, occur after treatment of B95‐8 cells with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). For three of these promoters addition of phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) inhibits the effect of TPA, indicating that they give rise to late lytic cycle RNAs. The other two promoters give rise to early RNAs. Northern blot analysis indicates that one of the late promoters initiates two transcripts whose size differences are due to different splicing patterns. These two RNAs code for the 350/300 and 250/200 kd envelope glycoproteins of EBV. The sequences of these proteins would be of use in the production of a synthetic vaccine to prevent EBV infection.
Effect of Stressed and Unstressed Cell Culture Environments on the Survival of MC3T3 Cells Cultured on Calcium Phosphates

The effect of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) deprivation on survival and apoptosis of osteoblasts cultured on various calcium phosphates was studied. Test materials were two calcium alkali orthophosphates (materials denominated: GB9 and GB14), which were compared to β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Tissue culture polystyrene (PS) served as control. Test materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. An apoptotic challenge assay entailing serum withdrawal was applied: MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured for 72h on the test materials in serum containing medium, followed by incubation in serum free medium for another 24h. Serum withdrawal is an apoptotic challenge, which creates a stressed environment. Cells cultured on the test specimens in serum containing medium served as control. The TUNEL Assay was employed to quantify the percentage of apoptotic cells. GB9 and GB14 displayed a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic cells than TCP. TCP had significantly fewer apoptotic cells than PS. The percentage of apoptotic cells on GB9 and GB14 was less than 10%, while the number of apoptotic cells found on the untreated control specimens ranged between 5 and 7%. These findings indicate that GB9 and GB14 endow osteoblasts cultured on them with a decreased sensitivity to apoptosis, which corresponds well with the results of previous in vitro and in vivo studies.
Robustness evaluation of transformerless PV inverter topologies

Transformerless PV inverter topologies allow the PV inverter size and weight to be reduced while reaching a higher efficiency. The drawbacks of these topologies are that DC current components at the grid side must be cancelled by means of the employed controller and the number of power devices required to avoid currents through the parasitic capacitor of the PV generator increases. These topologies have been analysed in the literature but physical variations of power devices due to the manufacturing process have not been taken into account. This manuscript analyses the effect of such physical variations on the performance of three commonly employed transformerless topologies: H5, HERIC and Half-Bridge NPC. The impact of the parameter variations is compared regarding the efficiencies at different power levels, the European Efficiency and the DC current components. The results indicate that physical variations lead to different behaviors regarding the robustness of the analysed topologies. By means of statistical analyses these differences are obtained and exposed.
Milestone in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Double-balloon enteroscopy of the small bowel

The small bowel (SB) has been largely bypassed by flexible endoscopy because of inaccessibility. Push enteroscopy is now in the past, with recent innovations now making visualization of the SB possible. Wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) have been introduced. In this review, we focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of DBE, which may be a suitable replacement for push enteroscopy, preoperative endoscopy and to some extent of SB fall-through and CT scan. DBE is a new method of endoscopy developed and described by Yamamoto et al. in Jichi, Japan, in cooperation with Fujinon®. Introduced to the market in 2003, it is possible with this endoscope to observe the entire SB in steps of 20–40 cm. Measuring the depth of insertion is also possible. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding can be explained and treated in the majority of cases. Biopsy sampling, hemostasis, polypectomy, dilatation and tattoo are possible in the SB. Guidelines for FAB and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome will probably be reviewed in the next few years. The safety and efficacy of DBE have been demonstrated. DBE improves SB disease management and can substitute for more complex investigations. Additional data will come to light in years to come. Combining DBE with CE, CT/MRI enteroclysis in a new era for SB work-up and treatment is the likely future.
Lentinoid and Polyporoid Fungi, Two Generic Conglomerates Containing Important Medicinal Mushrooms in Molecular Perspective.

Polyporoid and lentinoid fungi contain the important producers of substances having immunomodulatory, antitumoral, antiviral, and antihyperlipidemic effects. The discovery of several phylogenetic lines within the lentinoid-polyporoid continuum will help with target metabolomic analysis of species still not studied in pharmacological respects. The purpose of the present work was to increase a resolution in the lentinoid-polyporoid phylogenetic zone by means of selection of both the main representatives of Lentinus-related genera and poorly known/intermediate taxa such as Lentinus suavissimus, Neofavolus spp. , and the resupinate part of Polyporus (genera Perenniporia and Pachykytospora) in the context of the basic structure of the Polyporales tree. The molecular phylogeny of highlighting all the polyporoid and lentinoid nodes was reconstructed using nLSU ITS rDNA and TEF datasets. The data obtained from ITS, TEF, and LSU coincide in support of core Polyporaceae of 10 clades corresponded to the generic level and 7 of these (Cerioporus, Cladomeris, Favolus, Lentinus, Neofavolus, Picipes, and Polyporus s.str.) contain generic units characterized by polyporoid or lentinoid morphotypes. The other 2 clades containing lentinoid taxa are outside the core Polyporaceae, namely Panus (Meruliaceae, Polyporales) and Neolentinus (Gloeophyllaceae, Gloeophyllales). A new genus, Picipes, is described and 25 new combinations are proposed.
The INSPIRE study: Are different personality traits related to disease‐specific quality of life (IBDQ) in distressed patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?

Background: To explore the relationship between personality and disease‐specific quality of life [Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ)] in distressed [Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)] patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: Included in the study were 56 patients with UC and 54 patients with CD ranging in age from 18 to 60 years with a relapse in the previous 18 months, a UC or CD activity index ≥ 4, a PSQ ≥ 60, and without serious mental or other serious medical condition. The patients completed the Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Neuroticism and Lie (social conformity/desirability) scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (LOC) Scale [Internal (I), Powerful Other (PO), Chance (C)], the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the IBDQ. Results: In linear regression controlling for sex, education (years), and clinical disease activity (AI) in separate analyses of UC and CD patients, higher IBDQ score was related to less social conformity in CD and less neuroticism in UC; higher emotional function score was related to less neuroticism in both CD and UC and less PO‐LOC in UC. Higher social function score was related to less social conformity in CD and lower I‐LOC and PO‐LOC in UC. Bowel function and systemic symptoms were unrelated to personality in either UC or CD. Conclusions: Although the emotional function subscale was related to neuroticism in both UC and CD, the social function subscale and total IBDQ were related to different personality traits in UC and CD. Personality traits should be taken into account when using IBDQ in studies.
Hardware Trojan Detection Using Unsupervised Deep Learning on Quantum Diamond Microscope Magnetic Field Images

This article presents a method for hardware trojan detection in integrated circuits. Unsupervised deep learning is used to classify wide field-of-view (4 × 4 mm2), high spatial resolution magnetic field images taken using a Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM). QDM magnetic imaging is enhanced using quantum control techniques and improved diamond material to increase magnetic field sensitivity by a factor of 4 and measurement speed by a factor of 16 over previous demonstrations. These upgrades facilitate the first demonstration of QDM magnetic field measurement for hardware trojan detection. Unsupervised convolutional neural networks and clustering are used to infer trojan presence from unlabeled data sets of 600 × 600 pixel magnetic field images without human bias. This analysis is shown to be more accurate than principal component analysis for distinguishing between field programmable gate arrays configured with trojan-free and trojan-inserted logic. This framework is tested on a set of scalable trojans that we developed and measured with the QDM. Scalable and TrustHub trojans are detectable down to a minimum trojan trigger size of 0.5% of the total logic. The trojan detection framework can be used for golden-chip-free detection, since knowledge of the chips’ identities is only used to evaluate detection accuracy.
On the Role of AlN Insertion Layer in Stress Control of GaN on 150-mm Si (111) Substrate

In this study, low-temperature (LT) and high-temperature (HT) AlN insertion layers (ILs) grown at 680 and 970 °C were integrated with 3.7-μm GaN-based heterostructure grown on 150-mm Si (111) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Under a V/III flow ratio of 1960, the GaN epilayer with a continuous interface resulting from the LT AlN IL was subject to a compressive stress of −0.109 GPa. However, the GaN epilayer with discontinuous interfaces resulting from the HT AlN IL growth under the same flow ratio was subject to a tensile stress of 0.174 GPa. To realize continuous interfaces between the GaN epilayer and HT AlN IL, a higher V/III ratio of 5960 was utilized to suppress the decomposition of GaN. It results in changing the stress state of the GaN-based heterostructure from tensile to compressive. This strategic finding indicates that a stress-controllable GaN on Si can be achieved via the incorporation of HT AlN ILs. A minimum curvature at 5 km−1 is demonstrated for the 3.7-μm GaN-based heterostructure on a 150-mm Si (111) substrate, which has high potential for power switching device applications.
Alterations in T cell phenotype and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxicity after potent antiretroviral therapy.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are an important defense against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 but ultimately fail to control infection. To determine whether more efficient sustained immunity is induced by suppressing replication, the evolution of T cell phenotypes and HIV-specific CD8+ lymphocytes was prospectively investigated in 41 patients initiating combination therapy. Suppression of viremia to <200 copies/mL was associated with increases in naive cells (CD45RA+62L+) and declines in activated T cells (CD95+ cell counts and CD38+ HLA-DR+). HIV-specific tetramer-staining CD8+ T cells were detected in 6 of 10 HLA-A*0201-positive persons, which declined in 5 with treatment. CTL precursor frequencies were markedly consistent before and after treatment. Eight (72%) of 11 recognized > or =1 immunodominant epitope, representing either a new or an increased CTL response after treatment. Thus, activated CD8+ T cells, including those recognizing immunodominant epitopes, decline with combination therapy. However, the overall level of antigen-specific cells that are capable of differentiating into effectors remains stable, and the recognition of new epitopes may occur.
Incidence of level IIB lymph node metastasis in supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with clinically negative neck—A prospective study

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of level IIB metastasis in patients with clinically negative (N0) necks with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the supraglottic larynx and to assess whether level IIB lymph nodes may be left undissected in such patients. This was a prospective analysis of a case series.
Propionic acid‐induced calcium mobilization in human neutrophils

The ability of propionic acid to elicit an increase in the level of cytoplasmic free calcium in human neutrophils was examined in detail. Propionic acid induced a rapid and dose‐dependent mobilization of calcium that relied on both internal and external sources of calcium. The effects of propionic acid on the mobilization of calcium were inhibited by pertussis toxin, but not cholera toxin, implicating a guanine nucleotide binding protein. Furthermore, preincubation of the neutrophils with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate resulted in a decreased mobilization of calcium. This inhibitory activity of phorbol myristate acetate was antagonized by the protein kinase C inhibitor H‐7. Preincubation of the cells with the synthetic chemotactic factor fMet‐Leu‐Phe caused a reduction in the magnitude of the calcium transient elicited by propionic acid. However, the calcium response to propionic acid was not affected by antagonists of fMet‐Leu‐Phe and platelet‐activating factor binding or by an inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis. Propionic acid did not elicit a mobilization of calcium in monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, or undifferentiated HL‐60 cells. However, the treatment of the HL‐60 cells with dimethylsulfoxide resulted in the appearance of a calcium response to propionic acid. The potential physiological significance of these findings are discussed.
Agonist-dependent Endocytosis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptors Revealed by a γ2(R43Q) Epilepsy Mutation*

Background: Modulation of GABAA receptors trafficking is critical for controlling inhibitory neurotransmission. Results: A point mutation or agonist application, both affecting the GABAA receptor extracellular domain, has an effect on receptor endocytosis. Conclusion: Endocytosis of GABAA receptors is linked to agonist-induced conformational changes. Significance: This represents one of the few reports demonstrating an influence of extracellular effectors on GABAA receptor trafficking. GABA-gated chloride channels (GABAARs) trafficking is involved in the regulation of fast inhibitory transmission. Here, we took advantage of a γ2(R43Q) subunit mutation linked to epilepsy in humans that considerably reduces the number of GABAARs on the cell surface to better understand the trafficking of GABAARs. Using recombinant expression in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and COS-7 cells, we showed that receptors containing γ2(R43Q) were addressed to the cell membrane but underwent clathrin-mediated dynamin-dependent endocytosis. The γ2(R43Q)-dependent endocytosis was reduced by GABAAR antagonists. These data, in addition to a new homology model, suggested that a conformational change in the extracellular domain of γ2(R43Q)-containing GABAARs increased their internalization. This led us to show that endogenous and recombinant wild-type GABAAR endocytosis in both cultured neurons and COS-7 cells can be amplified by their agonists. These findings revealed not only a direct relationship between endocytosis of GABAARs and a genetic neurological disorder but also that trafficking of these receptors can be modulated by their agonist.
A Review on Forest Fire Detection Techniques

Context. Apart from causing tragic loss of lives and valuable natural and individual properties including thousands of hectares of forest and hundreds of houses, forest fires are a great menace to ecologically healthy grown forests and protection of the environment. Every year, thousands of forest fires across the globe cause disasters beyond measure and description. This issue has been the research interest for many years; there are a huge amount of very well studied solutions available out there for testing or even ready for use to resolve this problem. Aim. This work will summarise all the technologies that have been used for forest fire detection with exhaustive surveys of their techniques/methods used in this application. Methods. A lot of methods and systems are available in the market and for research. The paper reviews all the methods and discusses examples of research experiment results and some market product methods for better understanding. Result. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. A full discussions provided after each type. Conclusion. A full table is provided at the end to summarise a comparison between the four methods.
Human infection with the acanthocephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus in Bangkok: report of a case.

Summary A female acanthocephalan, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, was recovered post-mortem from a 32-year-old Thai woman who died of rheumatic heart disease in Bangkok. This is the first instance of this infection in Thailand and probably the second human case in the world.
Vasculitic Neuropathies: An Update

Background:Systemic vasculitis has been classically categorized as a primary disorder, such as polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and Wegener granulomatous, or as a secondary process, representing a complication from a connective tissue disorder (eg, rheumatoid vasculitis), infection, medication, or malignancy. Peripheral neuropathy is a well-recognized consequence of systemic vasculitis due to peripheral nerve infarction with Wallerian degeneration. Rarely, neuropathy is the sole manifestation of vasculitis, referred to as nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSVN). These conditions are defined pathologically by tissue biopsy demonstrating disruption or destruction of the vessel wall with inflammatory cell infiltrates. Review Summary:The diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy is straightforward in patients with an established diagnosis of systemic vasculitis and classic features of mononeuritis multiplex. Most patients have clinical features of a subacute, progressive, generalized but asymmetric, painful, sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Laboratory tests often indicate features of systemic inflammation, such as an elevated sedimentation rate or positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, and electrodiagnostic evaluation shows multiple mononeuropathies or a confluent, asymmetric axonal neuropathy. Nerve biopsy is necessary to establish the diagnosis in most cases, particularly in patients with NSVN. This review summarizes the current treatment of vasculitic neuropathy. Conclusion:Long-term immunosuppressive therapy is required in most cases. High-dose prednisone combined with intravenous pulse or oral daily cyclophosphamide is standard initial therapy. In those with NSVN, cyclophosphamide also should be used if prednisone monotherapy is ineffective or the patient relapses with tapering. Other agents, such as azathioprine, methotrexate, intravenous immunoglobulin, mycophenolate mofetil, plasma exchange, and rituximab can be offered to patients who are intolerant or have a contraindication to cyclophosphamide. However, evidence for the benefit of these agents is limited to case reports and small case series.
Prevention of chemotherapy‐related toxic side effects by infection with adeno‐associated virus type 2

Drug resistance and toxic side effects are major limiting factors in the clinical use of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Patients with pancreatic cancer generally do not benefit from chemotherapy. The nonpathogenic adeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV‐2) has been shown to sensitize human tumor cells to γ irradiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. In the present study, we characterized the therapeutic role of AAV‐2 infection in combination with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)–based chemotherapy on pancreatic cancer cells in an animal model. In Lewis rats bearing s.c. implants of syngeneic DSL6A pancreatic cancer cells, intratumoral infection with AAV‐2 (MOI 10E8 i.u.) in combination with 5‐FU (5 or 50 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival time compared with 5‐FU single therapy. Most surprisingly, AAV‐2‐infected rats remained in a much better physical condition compared to their noninfected counterparts. While rats treated with 5‐FU single therapy lost weight, were sluggish and died within 4 months after tumor implantation, animals infected with AAV showed much better vigilance, with body weight, leukocyte number and hemoglobin levels similar to healthy rats. In particular, 5‐FU‐related side effects like thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were significantly reduced in animals treated with the combination regimen. By in vitro analysis, human (Capan‐1 and DANG) pancreatic cancer cell lines were shown to be sensitized to 5‐FU chemotherapy to an extent similar to DSL6A cells. AAV‐2 infection enhanced 5‐FU‐induced apoptosis by a factor of 8 to 14 in both human and rat pancreatic cancer cell lines. The data suggest that infection with the nonpathogenic AAV‐2 significantly improves both chemotherapy efficacy and physical appearance and offers a novel strategy in cancer treatment. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.