Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importance of characteristics and modalities of physical activity and exercise in defining the benefits to cardiovascular health within the general population: recommendations from the EACPR (Part I)

Over the last decades, more and more evidence is accumulated that physical activity (PA) and exercise interventions are essential components in primary and secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease. However, it is less clear whether and which type of PA and exercise intervention (aerobic exercise, dynamic resistive exercise, or both) or characteristic of exercise (frequency, intensity, time or duration, and volume) would yield more benefit in achieving cardiovascular health. The present paper, as the first of a series of three, will make specific recommendations on the importance of these characteristics for cardiovascular health in the population at large. The guidance offered in this series of papers is aimed at medical doctors, health practitioners, kinesiologists, physiotherapists and exercise physiologists, politicians, public health policy makers, and the individual member of the public. Based on previous and the current literature, recommendations from the European Association on Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation are formulated regarding type, volume, and intensity of PA and exercise.
Management perception of the influence of organizational learning on strategy development at sarova hotels limited, Kenya

ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.2 Organizational Learning . 2 1.3 Strategy Development. 3 1.1.3 Management Perception. 4 1.1.4 An overview of The Hospitality Industry in Kenya. 5 1.1. 5 Sarova Hotels Limited . 6 1.2 Research Problem . 7 1.3 Research Objectives. 9 1.4 Value of the Study . 9 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW. 11
Age‐related changes in metabolic profiles of rat hippocampus and cortices

The time course of metabolic changes was investigated in the hippocampus and the parietal, rhinal and frontal cortices of rats from 4 to 30 months old. Samples were analysed by the solid‐state high‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance method. Quantification was performed with the quest procedure of jmrui software. Eighteen metabolites were identified and separated in the spectrum. Six of them were not age sensitive, in particular alanine, glutamine and lactate. In contrast, choline, glycerophosphocholine, myo‐inositol, N‐acetylaspartate, scyllo‐inositol (s‐Ins) and taurine (Tau) were notably altered over aging. Interestingly, each age group showed a specific metabolic profile. The concentration of metabolites such as Tau was altered in middle‐aged rats only, whereas the s‐Ins level decreased in old rats only. Most metabolites showed progressive alteration during the process of aging, which was initiated during the middle‐aged period (18 months). Taken together, these results suggest that cell membrane integrity is perturbed with age. Each brain region investigated had distinctive qualitative and/or quantitative metabolic age‐related features. These age‐related changes would affect network connectivities and then cognitive functions.
Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Services: Has the Agenda Changed?

OBJECTIVE: To provide an extensive review of ambulatory care clinical pharmacy services and evaluate the services and research data in the field. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE was searched from January 1992 through July 1999. Search terms included pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, and pharmaceutical care, cross-referenced with ambulatory care, primary care, family medicine, and managed care. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant peer-reviewed studies and reports since our previous article in 1992 were selected and described. Literature prior to 1992 was briefly reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: The relevant literature was reviewed and some examples from the authors' institutions are provided. Much research has continued to be published documenting the value of clinical pharmacy services in ambulatory care, including in community pharmacy, anticoagulation services, family medicine, primary care clinics, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, and managed care. However, these innovative services are underrepresented in the community at large. The vast majority of the public does not have access to these types of services. CONCLUSIONS: There will be continued and dramatic expansion of ambulatory care pharmacy services in the new decade beginning in the year 2000. It will be critical that standards of practice be very high. We believe there is a critical need for visible demonstration projects and large multicenter research projects that demonstrate the value of these services.
Changes in Nicotinic Neurotransmission during Enteric Nervous System Development

Acetylcholine-activating pentameric nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are an essential mode of neurotransmission in the enteric nervous system (ENS). In this study, we examined the functional development of specific nAChR subtypes in myenteric neurons using Wnt1-Cre;R26R-GCaMP3 mice, where all enteric neurons and glia express the genetically encoded calcium indicator, GCaMP3. Transcripts encoding α3, α4, α7, β2, and β4 nAChR subunits were already expressed at low levels in the E11.5 gut and by E14.5 and, thereafter, α3 and β4 transcripts were the most abundant. The effect of specific nAChR subtype antagonists on evoked calcium activity in enteric neurons was investigated at different ages. Blockade of the α3β4 receptors reduced electrically and chemically evoked calcium responses at E12.5, E14.5, and P0. In addition to the α3β4 antagonist, antagonists to α3β2 and α4β2 also significantly reduced responses by P10–11 and in adult preparations. Therefore, there is an increase in the diversity of functional nAChRs during postnatal development. However, an α7 nAChR antagonist had no effect at any age. Furthermore, at E12.5 we found evidence for unconventional receptors that were responsive to the nAChR agonists 1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium and nicotine, but were insensitive to the general nicotinic blocker, hexamethonium. Migration, differentiation, and neuritogenesis assays did not reveal a role for nAChRs in these processes during embryonic development. In conclusion, there are significant changes in the contribution of different nAChR subunits to synaptic transmission during ENS development, even after birth. This is the first study to investigate the development of cholinergic transmission in the ENS.
Enhanced corticotropin response to corticotropin-releasing hormone as a predictor of mania in euthymic bipolar patients

Background. Dysregulation of corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol response after corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation has been reported in bipolar patients. Most findings involve the pathophysiology of the depressive phase of the illness and its prediction. However, the possible predictive value of the CRH challenge test with respect to manic episodes remains unknown. Methods. The ACTH and free cortisol response to the injection of 100 μg of synthetic human CRH and plasma cortisol-binding globulin levels were measured in 42 lithium-treated patients suffering from Research Diagnostic Criteria bipolar I disorder in remission, and 21 age- and sex-matched normal controls. A 1-year follow-up was conducted to assess any possible relationship between outcome and the hormonal response. Results. Bipolar patients showed higher baseline and peak ACTH concentrations than control subjects. A higher area under ACTH concentration curve after CRH stimulation predicted manic/hypomanic relapse within 6 months by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion. Bipolar patients in remission show mild abnormalities in ACTH levels before and after CRH stimulation. CRH challenge may be a potentially good predictor of manic or hypomanic relapse in remitted bipolar patients.
Socio-Economic Profile of Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban-Cultural Destinations

ABSTRACT A large body of literature has analysed the factors determining tourism expenditure; however, there are no studies addressing tourism expenditure in emerging urban-cultural destinations. Therefore, the results do not permit to establish proposals aimed at improving the management of these tourism destinations. This paper proposes an explanatory model of tourism expenditure in the destination, according to the socio-economic characteristics of tourists, using a regression model with dummy variables based on the information from 2,967 surveys conducted in 14 emerging urban-cultural destinations of Andalusia (Spain). The analysis performed confirms the existence of socio-economic factors that determine tourism expenditure. However, contrary to what the literature reviewed suggests, income level and education level do not influence tourism expenditure in these destinations, probably because the tourism offer is so basic that tourists cannot spend more than they already spend. These results allow for guiding the implementation of specific policies by the stakeholders of these destinations.
Emergency contraception: A qualitative study of young women’s experiences

Abstract Emergency contraception has the potential to greatly reduce the number of unintended pregnancies. Experiences in the use of emergency contraception have rarely been reported in the literature.Thirteen young women (a subset of a larger study cohort), were individually interviewed in a variety of settings about their personal experiences in relation to the use of emergency contraception. A thematic analysis of the transcribed data was undertaken. Barriers and facilitators to its use are explicated using excerpts from individual interviews with participants. Some young women had positive experiences, however many experiences were negative and reflected difficulties with access and availability of emergency contraception, as well as poor provider attitudes. Positive experiences generally occurred where services were responsive to the needs of young people or when a provider was well known to the young woman.Their experiences underscore the need to understand the situational stress and sometimes difficult arrangements needed to obtain this method of contraception. To optimise young women’s experiences of emergency contraceptive use, a number of strategies need to be implemented.These include improvement of information about emergency contraception for young women and their partners; for health professionals; and for the broader community. Of critical importance is the need to include strategies to improve access to emergency contraception.A number of recommendations to achieve this within current health care delivery sectors in Australia, as well as suggestion for future access are provided.
Combined intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (Avastin®) and photodynamic therapy to treat retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma

Objective: Retinal capillary haemangioma complications are characterized by progressive exudation with consecutive intraretinal and subretinal leakage. A successful therapy without side‐effects has not been found. We report a case of retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma causing consecutive leakage with macular involvement. The tumour was treated with a combination of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) and was followed for 1 year.
Major Matters: Exploration of the Gender Wage Gap among STEM Graduates

The gender pay gap has been a persistent issue in American workplaces, and the STEM fields have been no exception (Carnevale, Smith & Melton, 2011). For example, in the Silicon Valley, the heart of high-tech industries, the median salary of workers with a bachelor’s degree was approximately $90,000 for men and $56,000 for women (Silicon Valley Institute for Regional Studies, 2015). Such observations are likely to discourage many young women from pursuing careers in STEM.The majority of STEM workers are college graduates with degrees in STEM fields, as those credentials are typically required for individuals seeking STEM occupations (Graham & Smith, 2005). However, even students earning degrees in the same STEM field may face gender inequity in salary once they are on the job. Despite all that we know about the gender pay gap broadly speaking, few higher education researchers have empirically examined the gender wage inequality exclusive to STEM-trained college graduates.The purpose of this study was to examine the gender wage gap that is specific to STEM college graduates, a population in high demand in the American labor market. To do so, this study used data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), specifically the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study for the 2008-2012 cohort (B&B:08/12). Using this nationally representative data, this study examined how individuals’ background characteristics, education-related experiences, and occupation-related experiences significantly predicted salaries of men and women with STEM degrees. In addition, the study assessed the degree to which these predictors of salary explained why female STEM graduates earned less than their male counterparts. The results of this study showed that, in the early career stage, female STEM graduates earn less than their male counterparts, suggesting that women still face wage disadvantages (in comparison to men) even when they do select to study and receive a degree in the same STEM field. The study also found that some salary determinants such as the number of children and parents’ income level impacted salaries of men and women in different ways. Lastly, the findings of this study showed that education-related experiences (i.e., college major, the extent to which college major and job were related, and the level of graduate degree earned) explained the majority of the gender wage gap among these STEM graduates, but a portion of the gender wage gap was still left unexplained. In light of these findings, this study considers implications for policy and practice related to the gender wage gap in STEM.
An Automatic Mosaicking Algorithm for the Generation of a Large-Scale Forest Height Map Using Spaceborne Repeat-Pass InSAR Correlation Magnitude

Yang Lei and Paul Siqueira *Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst,151 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; E-Mail: ylei@ecs.umass. edu* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: siqueira@ecs.umass. edu;Tel. : +1-413-577-0623; Fax: +1-413-545-4652.Academic Editors: Nicolas Baghdadi and Prasad S. ThenkabailReceived: 5 February 2015 / Accepted: 13 April 2015 / Published: 5 May 2015Abstract: This paper describes an automatic mosaicking algorithm for creating large-scalemosaic maps of forest height. In contrast to existing mosaicking approaches through usingSAR backscatter power and/or InSAR phase, this paper utilizes the forest height estimatesthat are inverted from spaceborne repeat-pass cross-pol InSAR correlation magnitude.By using repeat-pass InSAR correlation measurements that are dominated by temporaldecorrelation, it has been shown that a simpliﬁed inversion approach can be utilized to createa height-sensitive measure over the whole interferometric scene, where two scene-wideﬁtting parameters are able to characterize the mean behavior of the random motion anddielectric changes of the volume scatterers within the scene. In order to combine thesesingle-scene results into a mosaic, a matrix formulation is used with nonlinear least squaresand observations in adjacent-scene overlap areas to create a self-consistent estimate offorest height over the larger region. This automated mosaicking method has the beneﬁtof suppressing the global ﬁtting error and, thus, mitigating the “wallpapering” problem inthe manual mosaicking process. The algorithm is validated over the U.S. state of Maine byusing InSAR correlation magnitude data from ALOS/PALSAR and comparing the invertedforest height with Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) height and National Biomassand Carbon Dataset (NBCD) basal area weighted (BAW) height. This paper serves as acompanion work to previously demonstrated results, the combination of which is meant to
Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Men With Lightweight Meshes May Significantly Impair Sperm Motility: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective:To compare quality of life and fertility aspects after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in men using a heavyweight or lightweight mesh. Summary Background Data:The use of lightweight meshes in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair could have beneficial effects on quality of life and preservation of the spermatic structures due to a decreased foreign-body reaction. Methods:A total of 59 male patients planned for primary, unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia repair were randomized between a standard polypropylene (Marlex) or lightweight mesh (Vypro II, TiMesh). Main outcome measures were fertility aspects, assessed preoperatively and at 1-year follow-up by semen analysis and scrotal ultrasonography. Secondary outcomes were quality of life (SF-36 and McGill Pain Questionnaire) and recurrence up to 1 year postoperatively. Results:Patients operated on with a VyproII or TiMesh mesh exhibited a decreased sperm motility (vs. preoperatively) compared with Marlex patients, respectively −9.5% and −5.5% versus +2% (P = 0.013). When the results after uni- and bilateral hernia repair were analyzed separately, this difference only remained significant in the bilateral hernia subgroup: −10% for VyproII and −17% for TiMesh versus +1% for Marlex (P = 0.037). Other fertility parameters (sperm concentration, morphology, and &agr;-glucosidase level) were unchanged. There were no differences at any study point between the 3 groups regarding quality of life. Only for resumption of sport activities was a small advantage noted for VyproII versus Marlex patients (P = 0.045). After 1 year, no recurrences were observed; 3 patients (6%) complained of chronic disabling pain. Conclusions:Our data suggest that the use of lightweight meshes for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in male patients negatively influences sperm motility, without any benefit on quality of life. These alterations might be important in a subgroup of young male patients operated on laparoscopically for a bilateral hernia. This study was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov database (ID number NCT00925067).
Quetiapine is effective against anxiety and depressive symptoms in long‐term treatment of patients with schizophrenia

This analysis of data from the open‐label extension (OLE) phases of three randomized clinical trials of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia (n=415) was undertaken to investigate whether the initial improvements in anxiety and depressive symptoms were maintained during long‐term treatment. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) change from the acute phase baseline in the Factor I score of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), which includes somatic concern, anxiety, guilt feelings, and depression, was calculated at the OLE baseline and at various time points up to 156 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment with quetiapine during the acute phase, the mean (95% CI) change in the BPRS Factor I score was −1.13 (−1.23, −1.04) and after 156 weeks, it was −1.33 (−1.78, −0.87). Therefore, the efficacy of quetiapine for the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms is maintained in long‐term treatment. Depression and Anxiety 00:000–000, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulating multi-criteria handover algorithms in OMNeT++

I Multi-criteria handover algorithms have been becoming a promising solution to increase the efficiency of wireless networks. However, their evaluation in a real system demands significant resources, therefore, the use of a simulation environment is desired. For this purpose, OMNeT++ was chosen for the implementation of the multi-criteria decision making algorithms. SAW, GRA, TOPSIS and VIKOR were implemented in OMNeT++. The results of handover decisions made by means of these algorithms were analyzed with the help of an evaluation method. Four simulation scenarios with different traffic types and load were defined. The results revealed that VIKOR and GRA outperform the others for given simulation conditions.
The educational opportunities and challenges of Syrian refugee students in Turkey: temporary education centers and beyond

This policy paper assesses the educational opportunities and challenges of Syrian refugees in Turkey and evaluates the role of Temporary Education Centers (TEC) in integrating Syrian students into the Turkish educational system. It is expected that about 65% of Syrians will remain in Turkey even after the war concludes, approximately 572,000 of which are children.1 The integration of such a large number of students will be a critical component for Turkey’s development trajectory. For this study, we have interviewed the leaders of 12 TECs located in four socio-economically diverse districts in Istanbul as well as bureaucrats and one NGO leader. We have observed the opportunities of students to access education as well as the quality of the educational software and hardware as defined in the literature. In light of our findings, we have provided assessments with recommendations. The goals of this study have been to help policy makers evaluate the current effects of refugee education policies on the integration process, to design the most effective policy interventions, and to serve as a guide to local administrators and NGOs in understanding and responding to the needs of Syrian refugee students. In addition, we hope that our study serves as a guide to leaders, local administrators, and NGOs in all countries around the world for developing mechanisms that can provide accessible and high quality education for refugees.
Design method of relative magnitude coefficients considering rotation of basis vectors in interference space on the K-user MIMO interference channel for downlink system

Recently, to improve the capacity of cell-edge user, interference alignment (IA) is an intense research interest. We focus on the IA extended to the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference network. In this method, each coordinated transmitter generates the beamforming vector to align interference from different transmitters into confined subspace at each receiver. Then, using singular value decomposition (SVD) with the relative magnitude coefficients, transmitters calculate the beamforming vectors and the received vectors. However, this method can not decide the value of the relative magnitude coefficients so that the system capacity is improved, because it is necessary to solve non-linear function of multivariable. In this paper, we propose the design method of the relative magnitude coefficient of interference channels to improve the system capacity using Brent's method. The proposed method can improve the system capacity, however, the system complexity increases because Brent's method needs multiple SVD calculation to calculate the null space. Therefore, in addition, we propose the complexity reduction method to calculate the null space of the matrix instead of SVD. Through simulation, we show that the proposed method achieves a higher system capacity than the conventional one. We also show that the proposed method that calculates the null space needs much lower complexity than SVD.