Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule FISH in Drosophila muscle reveals location dependent mRNA composition of megaRNPs

Single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization (smFISH) provides direct access to the spatial relationship between nucleic acids and specific subcellular locations. The ability to precisely localize a messenger RNA can reveal key information about its regulation. Although smFISH is well established in cell culture or thin sections, methods for its accurate application to tissues are lacking. The utility of smFISH in thick tissue sections must overcome several challenges, including probe penetration of fixed tissue, accessibility of target mRNAs for probe hybridization, high fluorescent background, spherical aberration along the optical axis, and image segmentation of organelles. Here we describe how we overcame these obstacles to study mRNA localization in Drosophila larval muscle samples that approach 50 μm thickness. We use sample-specific optimization of smFISH, particle identification based on maximum likelihood testing, and 3-dimensional multiple-organelle segmentation. The latter allows using independent thresholds for different regions of interest within an image stack. Our approach therefore facilitates accurate measurement of mRNA location in thick tissues.
Semi-supervised Learning for Multi-label Classification ∗

In this report we consider the semi-supervised learning problem for multi-label image classification, aiming at effectively taking advantage of both labeled and unlabeled training data in the training process. In particular, we implement and analyze various semi-supervised learning approaches including a support vector machine (SVM) method facilitated by principal component analysis (PCA), and a self-training method that iteratively conducts supervised learning and enlarges the set of training labels on the go. We compare the performances of semi-supervised learning methods with supervised learning benchmarks, and introduce a heuristic performance analysis for the training process. In addition, we analyze the impact of different training parameters for the PCA-SVM and the self-training method on the prediction performance. The algorithms are implemented for the ChestX-ray14 [32] medical image dataset.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of combined Newcastle disease, fowl pox and fowl typhoid vaccine under laboratory condition

An experimental study was conducted on day-old chicks to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined Newcastle diseases (ND), fowl pox (FP) and fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine. The vaccine was prepared using the Lasota strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the FP strain of fowl pox virus (FPV) and the 9R strain of FT. The vaccine was found safe, as no clinical signs or mortalities were observed. Post vaccination Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI) titre for ND was above the required protection level (≥1:16) and its geometric means (GM) were 0.0098, 0.0063 and 0.0059 for group one, two and three respectively, who received conventional and combined vaccine. The difference in GM between the three vaccinated groups were not significant (p=0.544). The trivalent combined vaccine did not show significant difference in the HI titre result among the groups that were given conventional vaccines and the other two experimental groups which received trivalent vaccine (p=0.257). From 75 samples, 73 (97.3%) were positive for FT through rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT). The chicks were challenged separately for the three diseases using the specific pathogens. Both combined and conventional vaccine conferred protection upon challenge. For ND challenge, 93.3% (n=14/15) of the control groups died. From FT and FP control groups 86.6% (n=13/15) and 20% (n=3/15) respectively died up on challenge. Both combined and conventional vaccine type conferred a similar and good level of protection. However, the use of combined vaccine has considerable advantage particularly in terms of convenience and cost effectiveness to control multiple diseases through simple immunization schedule. Further studies were recommended on the development of combined avian vaccines in Ethiopia. Key words: Newcastle disease, fowl pox, fowl typhoid, experimental study, combined vaccine.
TRAFFIC LOADING CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUTH AFRICAN HEAVY VEHICLES

Roads and railways are in a sense the arteries that keep the lifeblood of the economy flowing. Approximately 70 percent of freight moves by road in South Africa and it is growing by approximately four percent per annum. Data and information on heavy vehicle (HV) volumes and axle masses are therefore indispensable to road authorities for design and maintenance purposes. Heavy vehicle data from three sources, namely 11 weigh-in-motion (WIM) scales at Traffic Control Centres (TCCs) on national roads N3 and N4, 34 WIM scales on some of the main national roads and 35 continuous traffic counting stations, was analysed. Heavy vehicles were classified into 22 classes and average axle masses and spacings were calculated for these based on the N3 TCC data. Typical E80 values for the 22 classes were calculated using the average axle masses as well as the measured mass of each individual axle. It was found that the E80-values from the latter method correspond well with the average values recommended in the TRH 16 (1991). The composition of the HV population, i.e. percentage of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6and 7+-axle HVs, was used to classify the main road network in SA into Low, Medium and High HV roads. On Low HV roads more than 55 percent of HVs are 2-axle HVs whereas on High HV roads less than 35 percent are 2-axle HVs. This classification can be used to transfer measured HV characteristics, such as E80s/HV, from say one Low HV road to another Low HV road where such characteristics are unknown. A methodology is also proposed on how to estimate traffic load spectra from the WIM data. Such load spectra can be used in the mechanistic design of road pavements. Suggestions are also made on how the HV information can be used at weighbridges where HVs are visually directed to the weighbridge. Further analyses on HV data from other sources are recommended in order to confirm the conclusions in the paper or to modify them.
Comparison of gain-loss asymmetry behavior for stocks and indexes

Investment horizon approach has been used to analyze indexes of Polish stock market.Optimal time horizon for each return value is evaluated by fitting appropriate function form of the distribution. Strong asymmetry of gain-loss curves is observed for WIG index, whereas gain and loss curves look similar for WIG20 and for most of individual companies stocks. The gain-loss asymmetry for these data, measured by the coefficient, that we postulated before \cite{karpio}, has opposite sign to this for WIG index.
Implementation Challenges of an Enterprise System and Its Advantages over Legacy Systems

This paper explores the implementation challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning in the industry and its advantages over legacy systems. The paper depicts the historical background of ERPs and their significance in facilitating coordination among the functional areas of organizations in the industry. It also discusses the role it plays in promoting the activities of Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The paper presents empirical data on ERPs and their challenges and implementation. A discussion has also been presented over some of the major implementation issues and considerations related to the connectivity, integration, and customization of the ERP systems. The paper closes with a conclusion on the role and place of ERPs in the modern enterprise systems.
Dynamo action in simulations of penetrative solar convection with an imposed tachocline

We summarize new and continuing three-dimensional spherical shell simulations of dynamo action by convection allowed to penetrate downward into a tachocline of rotational shear. The inclusion of an imposed tachocline allows us to examine several processes believed to be essential in the operation of the global solar dynamo, including differential rotatio n, magnetic pumping, and the stretching and organization of fie lds within the tachocline. In the stably stratified core, our simulations reveal that strong axisymmetric magnetic field s (of � 3000 G strength) can be built, and that those fields generally exhibit a striking antisymmetric parity, with fie lds in the northern hemisphere largely of opposite polarity to those in the southern hemisphere. In the convection zone above, fluctuating fields dominate over weaker mean fields. New calculations indicate that the tendency toward toroidal fields of antisymmetric parity is relatively insensitive t o initial magnetic field configurations; they also reveal that on decad e-long timescales, the magnetic fields can briefly enter (and subsequently emerge from) states of symmetric parity. We have not yet observed any overall reversals of the field polarit y, nor systematic latitudinal propagation.
Implantable Cardioverter-De fi brillator Therapy in Brugada Syndrome A 20-Year Single-Center Experience

RESULTS A total of 176 consecutive patients were included. During a mean follow-up period of 83.8 57.3 months, spontaneous sustained VAs occurred in 30 patients (17%). Eight patients (4.5%) died. Appropriate ICD shocks occurred in 28 patients (15.9%), and 33 patients (18.7%) had inappropriate shocks. Electrical storm occurred in 4 subjects (2.3%). Twenty-eight patients (15.9%) experienced device-related complications. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, aborted sudden cardiac death and VA inducibility on electrophysiologic studies were independent predictors of appropriate shock occurrence.
Habitat Loss and Extinction in the Hotspots of Biodiversity

Abstract: Nearly half the world's vascular plant species and one‐third of terrestrial vertebrates are endemic to 25 “hotspots” of biodiversity, each of which has at least 1500 endemic plant species. None of these hotspots have more than one‐third of their pristine habitat remaining. Historically, they covered 12% of the land's surface, but today their intact habitat covers only 1.4% of the land. As a result of this habitat loss, we expect many of the hotspot endemics to have either become extinct or—because much of the habitat loss is recent—to be threatened with extinction. We used World Conservation Union [ IUCN ] Red Lists to test this expectation. Overall, between one‐half and two‐thirds of all threatened plants and 57% of all threatened terrestrial vertebrates are hotspot endemics. For birds and mammals, in general, predictions of extinction in the hotspots based on habitat loss match numbers of species independently judged extinct or threatened. In two classes of hotspots the match is not as close. On oceanic islands, habitat loss underestimates extinction because introduced species have driven extinctions beyond those caused by habitat loss on these islands. In large hotspots, conversely, habitat loss overestimates extinction, suggesting scale dependence (this effect is also apparent for plants). For reptiles, amphibians, and plants, many fewer hotspot endemics are considered threatened or extinct than we would expect based on habitat loss. This mismatch is small in temperate hotspots, however, suggesting that many threatened endemic species in the poorly known tropical hotspots have yet to be included on the IUCN Red Lists. We then asked in which hotspots the consequences of further habitat loss (either absolute or given current rates of deforestation) would be most serious. Our results suggest that the Eastern Arc and Coastal Forests of Tanzania‐Kenya, Philippines, and Polynesia‐Micronesia can least afford to lose more habitat and that, if current deforestation rates continue, the Caribbean, Tropical Andes, Philippines, Mesoamerica, Sundaland, Indo‐Burma, Madagascar, and Chocó–Darién–Western Ecuador will lose the most species in the near future. Without urgent conservation intervention, we face mass extinctions in the hotspots.
Improving Estimates of Inequality and Poverty from Urban China's Household Income and Expenditure Survey

In urban China the Household Income and Expenditure Survey requires respondents to keep a daily expenditure diary for a full 12-month period. This onerous reporting task makes it difficult to recruit households into the survey, compromising the representative nature of the sample. In this article we use data on the monthly expenditures of households from two urban areas of China to see if data collection short-cuts, such as extrapolating to annual totals from expenditure reports in only some months of the year, would harm the accuracy of annual expenditure, inequality and poverty estimates. Our results show that replacing 12-month diaries with simple extrapolations from either one, two, four or six months would cause a sharp increase in estimates of annual inequality and poverty. This finding also undermines international comparisons of inequality statistics because no country other than China uses such comprehensive 12-month expenditure records. But a corrected form of extrapolation, based on correlations between the same household's expenditures in different months of the year, gives much smaller errors in estimates of inequality and poverty.
Glucose infusion response on some metabolicparameters in dairy cows during transition period

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glucose tolerance test (GTT) on glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in dairy cows during prepartum and postpartum period. Forty Two clinically healthy Holstein cows were enrolled in two high producing dairy farms in the Northeast Italy. All animals were divided into two equal groups on the basis of the farm of origin: Group A (farm located in Vicenza) and Group B (farm located in Padua). Body condition score (BCS) was determined for both groups. GTT was performed 7 ± 5 days before and 7 ± 5 days after calving. Blood samples were collected from each animal before (T0) and after the administration of glucose at different times. Plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, NEFA and BHB was evaluated. Application of two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant effect of farm and a significant effect of transition period (prepartum and postpartum) on BCS for both groups. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to determine significant effects of infusion glucose time, transition period and farm on glucose, insulin, NEFA and BHB. No significant difference was observed between Groups A and B and a significant effect of transi tion period and glucose infusion was found on all parameters studied. Results confirm that glucose is an important direct controller of metabolic response in dairy cows during the transition period because of the inappropriate energetic supply that characterizing this physiological phases.
A high-impedance surface antenna on silicon interposer for 3D integrated mmW transceivers

A novel design of millimeter-wave antennas integrated with a high-impedance surface (HIS) reflector is presented within the particular context of 3D heterogeneous integration on silicon interposer an its specific requirements. Then, the design steps of a 60-GHz folded dipole antenna for short-range communications are detailed. Simulation and measurement results show promising performances in terms of gain and radiation efficiency while a bandwidth enhancement method is proposed for future designs. Process and fabrication issues are addressed and an experimental validation is proposed with a DC/RF test vehicle.
Real-time HEV energy management strategies

Hybrid electric vehicles require an adequate energy management strategy in order to actually optimize their consumption. Many real-time controls were recently proposed in literature, but as each study is performed in a specific context, it is difficult to compare their efficiencies. The present paper proposes a comparison between 3 recent promising real-time strategies: adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), optimal control law (OCL) and stochastic dynamic programming (SDP). Two off-line methods are used as benchmark: Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) and dynamic programming (DP). They have the best performance in fuel saving while the other three are near-optimal strategies. Simulation results of a parallel HEV show 5% to 18% fuel economy, compared to a conventional vehicle.
ON THE MASS–METALLICITY–STAR FORMATION RATE RELATION FOR GALAXIES AT z∼2

Recent studies have shown that the local mass–metallicity (M*–Z) relation depends on the specific star formation rate (sSFR). Whether such a dependence exists at higher redshifts, and whether the resulting M*–Z–SFR relation is redshift invariant, is debated. We re-examine these issues by applying the non-parametric techniques of Salim et al. to ∼130 z ∼ 2.3 ? > galaxies with N2 and O3 measurements from Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS). We find that the KBSS M*–Z relation depends on sSFR at intermediate masses where such dependence exists locally. KBSS and SDSS galaxies of the same mass and sSFR (“local analogs”) are similarly offset in the BPT diagram relative to the bulk of local star-forming galaxies, and thus we posit that metallicities can be compared self-consistently at different redshifts as long as the masses and sSFRs of the galaxies are similar. We find that the M*–Z–SFR relation of z ∼ 2 ? > galaxies is consistent with the local one at log M * < 10 ? > , but is offset up to −0.25 dex at higher masses, so it is altogether not redshift invariant. This high-mass offset could arise from a bias that [O iii]-based, high-redshift spectroscopic surveys have against high-metallicity galaxies, but additional evidence disfavors this possibility. We identify three causes for the reported discrepancy between N2 and O3N2 metallicities at z ∼ 2 ? > : (1) a smaller offset that is also present for SDSS galaxies, which we remove with new N2 calibration, (2) a genuine offset due to differing ISM condition, which is also present in local analogs, and (3) an additional offset due to unrecognized active galactic nucleus contamination.
Neural network based feedback linearisation slip control of an anti-lock braking system

This paper presents the design of a neural network-based feedback linearisation (NARMA-L2) slip controller for an anti-lock braking system (ABS). The dynamics of the electro-mechanical based braking system are incorporated in the ABS model and thus a slip controller is developed to minimise the braking distance. The proposed controller is compared with an optimally-tuned PID controller. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the NN-based controller over the generic PID-based controller.
Austral summer foehn winds over the McMurdo dry valleys of Antarctica from Polar WRF

Foehn winds are a prominent feature of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) climate, and are responsible for periods of strong winds and warming. The foehn mechanism determined from a case study presented in earlier work is shown here to be robust for a set of the MDVs summer foehn events over the 1994–2009 period using output from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting Model (Polar WRF). Gap flow south of the MDVs is evidenced by the positive relationship between the pressure gradient and near‐surface wind speed along the gap. Subsequently, mountain waves are generated and result in adiabatic warming and the downward transport of warm air into the MDVs, and differences in mountain wave characteristics depend on the ambient wind direction and the degree of flow nonlinearity. Pressure‐driven channelling then brings warm foehn air downvalley.
ECOLOGICAL HEALTH RISK OF BURIGANGA RIVER, DHAKA, BANGLADESH

The efforts of modern civilization to create an environment to meet human aspirations have successfully resulted in constant improvements of our lifestyle, but it has increased risks to human and ecological health. This situation has motivated many scientists throughout the world to analyze the environmental factors that can affect our health or ecology and to calculate the levels of risk. In Bangladesh development activities and utilization of the river pose a great threat to the health of the existing natural environmental system, particularly for the important river Buriganga of the capital city, Dhaka, due to the pollution of the river water. A study was carried out to observe the ecological health hazards of the Buriganga river and their risk to human health. Several random samples of water were collected from different spots on the river from September to December 2006. The samples were analyzed to determine water quality and associated environmental health risks. The study revealed that the water is high in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO4 -3), ammonia, organic matters and nutrients, etc. It also revealed huge environmental health risks and possible ecological disruption of this river. Finally, the research recommends a sustainable policy framework on how the pollution could significantly be reduced by using different appropriate measures. Key words: Environmental health risk, ecological disruption, sustainable policy, water quality, Buriganga river, Bangladesh doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0. 1915 Hydro Nepal:Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, July 2008. Page: 25-28
Preschool Children’s Narratives and Performance on the Peabody Individualized Achievement Test – Revised: Evidence of a Relation between Early Narrative and Later Mathematical Ability

In this study, different measures derived from 41 3- to 4-year-old children’s selfgenerated picture-book narratives and their performance on a general measure of language development (TELD-2, Hresko, Reid & Hammill, 1991) were evaluated with respect to their possible predictive relation two years later with 5 areas of academic achievement (General information, Reading recognition, Reading comprehension, Math, Spelling) assessed using the Peabody Individualized Achievement Test – Revised (PIAT-R, Markwardt, 1998). Children’s TELD-2 scores were significantly predictive of their General information scores. The narrative measures of conjunction use, event content, perspective shift, and mental state reference were significantly predictive of later Math scores. Post-hocanalyses revealed that, for the same children, the observed relations with Math achievement did not arise with nonspontaneous adult-prompted narrations.
1 Remittances for Economic Development : the Investment Perspective

Based on the economic theory of the family, this paper constructs a model of remittances where the migrant, besides sending money to his family, also invests in his home country. The investment is looked after by a family member in return for some monetary compensation. The model focuses on two different cases: state-contingent transfers (transfers are tied to investment outcomes) and fixed transfers (transfers are mainly of altruistic motive). As the migrant derives utilities from consumption, his consumption-investment decision is driven by preferences and future investment prospects. The transfers are to increase with both business encouraging and income compensatory effects. JEL classification: D31, J61, O15, O16.