Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term changes in surface and groundwater quality in the area of municipal landfill (Barycz, Poland)

Data from 15-year lasting monitoring period was investigated to assess the impact of a municipal landfill on the aquatic environment (Barycz, Poland). Surface and groundwater samples were analyzed to determine basic parameters (pH, conductivity, BOD5, COD, TOC, concentrations of NH4-N, nitrates, phosphorous, and chlorides), and concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Zn). Parameters characterizing the landfill impact on aquatic environment demonstrated elevated values at the surface waters, especially at sampling site localized directly downstream from the facility. However, detailed assessment of the extent of this impact has been hindered due to overlapping anthropogenic and natural factors. The direct impact of the landfill on groundwater was evident, but limited within the direct proximity of the facility. Due to the specific location of the landfill, at a former salt mining area, the hydrogeologic settings induced a more pronounced impact on surface and groundwater quality. The brine extrusions from the salt formations, due to the growing weight of the waste collected in the landfill, caused an increase in water salinity. The long-term monitoring effort illustrates that chloride contamination has been declining since discontinuation of the salt excavation, however, this depends greatly on the actual hydrogeological conditions in the salt mine.
Relative Positioning in Europe: Influence of the GPS+Galileo Satellite Geometry

Numerical Overview of the Error Sources Table 1 gives an overview for the combined system of the all the errors and their values that will be considered further on within the European region. Values for the single GPS system only differ a couple of [cm] for the atmospheric errors and will not be shown. The total UERE ranges between 4.02[m] and 6.54[m]. An approximated position error is calculated by multiplying the UERE with the PDOP. The evolution of the values for the individual error sources was considered above, while previous work [1] already showed an improvement ranging from about 30 to 40% for DOP values in general. Figure 4 now shows European maps of the approximate horizontal and vertical position error for single GPS system as well as for the combined GPS+Galileo system. The results on Figure 4a for the GPS system show horizontal positioning errors ranging between 4.09 and 5.71[m], while for the combined system, Figure 4b, equivalent values are all less than 3.87[m]. Figure 4c and Figure 4d show similar results for the case of the vertical positioning errors, with values ranging from 5.97 to 9.32[m] for the GPS system, while equivalent values for the combined system are all less than 6.22[m]. For both systems, as well in the case of vertical as horizontal positioning errors, we observed a mean improvement for the European region of about 34%, ranging between 30 and 40%.
Interference suppression for CDMA overlays of narrowband waveforms

An overview of the performance of CDMA networks which overlay narrowband signals in order to increase the spectral efficiency is presented. Such systems employ interference suppression filters in the CDMA receivers to minimize the interference caused by the narrowband waveforms. The results presented in this paper include the effects of multipath fading, as well as both intracell and intercell interference for cellular systems. <<ETX>>
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHINESE-INDIAN HYBRID ( CHINDIAN ) RHESUS MACAQUE COLONY AT THE CALIFORNIA NATIONAL PRIMATE RESEARCH CENTER ( CNPRC ) BY INTROGRESSION

Fullbred Chinese and Indian rhesus macaques represent genetically distinct populations. The California National Primate Research Center introduced Chinese founders into its Indian-derived rhesus colony in response to the 1978 Indian embargo on exportation of animals for research and the concern that loss of genetic variation in the closed colony would hamper research efforts. The resulting hybrid rhesus now number well over a thousand animals and represent a growing proportion of the animals in the colony. We characterized the population genetic structure of the hybrid colony and compared it to that of their pure Indian and Chinese progenitors. The hybrid population contains higher genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium than their full Indian progenitors and represents a resource with unique research applications. The genetic diversity of the hybrids indicates that the strategy to introduce novel genes into the colony by hybridizing Chinese founders and their hybrid offspring with Indianderived animals was successful.
Mucus Microbiome of Anastomotic Tissue During Surgery orectal Anastomotic Leakage Has Predictive Value for Col

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of gut microbiota, depending on treatment method, with the development of colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL). Background: AL is a major cause for morbidity and mortality after colorectal surgery, but the mechanism behind this complication still is not fully understood. Methods: Bacterial DNAwas isolated from 123 ‘‘donuts’’ of patients where a stapled colorectal anastomosis was made and was analyzed using 16S MiSeq sequencing. In 63 patients, this anastomosis was covered with a C-seal, a bioresorbable sheath stapled to the anastomosis. Results: In non-C-seal patients, AL development was associated with low microbial diversity (P1⁄4 0.002) and correspondingly with a high abundance of the dominant Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae families (P 1⁄4 0.008 and 0.010, respectively). In C-seal samples, where AL rates were slightly higher (25% vs 17%), an association with the gut microbiota composition was almost undetectable. Only a few opportunistic pathogenic groups of low abundance were associated with AL in C-seal patients, in particular Prevotella oralis (P 1⁄4 0.007). Conclusions: AL in patients without a C-seal can be linked to the intestinal microbiota, in particular with a low microbial diversity and a higher abundance of especially mucin-degrading members of the Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae families. In C-seal patients, however, it seems that any potential protective benefits or harmful consequences of the gut microbiota composition in regard to wound healing are negated, as progression to AL is independent of the initially dominant bacterial composition.
EFFECT OF ALKALINITY ON FOOD CONSUMPTION OF JUVENILE PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP REARED IN CLEAR WATER AND BIOFLOC SYSTEM*

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alkalinity on food consumption and other performance parameters of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei reared in water containing biofloc and clear water. For this purpose, shrimp of 4.06 ± 0.34 g were kept in containers of 3 L of biofloc and clear water during 3 days, with the concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1 of alkalinity, plus a Control group, with 5 replicates each group. Food consumption was verified once a day and other performance parameters were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The food consumption and survival rates of the shrimp was not affected by the different levels of alkalinity and clear water and biofloc systems. The best results of weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in the highest concentrations of alkalinity in the biofloc system. Survival, as well as food consumption, was not affected between levels of alkalinity and in clear water and biofloc. The exposure to inappropriate alkalinity concentrations over long periods of time can adversely affect the animals, thus emphasizing the importance of maintaining adequate levels of alkalinity to the cultivated species.
The antidepressant fl uoxetine alters mechanisms of pre-and post-copulatory sexual selection in the eastern mosquito fi sh ( Gambusia holbrooki ) *

Contamination of aquatic habitats with pharmaceuticals is a major environmental concern. Recent studies have detected pharmaceutical pollutants in a wide array of ecosystems and organisms, with many of these contaminants being highly resistant to biodegradation and capable of eliciting sub-lethal effects in non-target species. One such pollutant is fluoxetine, a widely prescribed antidepressant, which is frequently detected in surface waters globally and can alter physiology and behaviour in aquatic organisms. Despite this, relatively little is known about the potential for fluoxetine to disrupt mechanisms of sexual selection. Here, we investigate the impacts of 30-day exposure to two environmentally realistic levels of fluoxetine (low and high) on mechanisms of preand post-copulatory sexual selection in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We tested 1) male mating behaviour in the absence or presence of a competitor male, and 2) sperm quality and quantity. We found that high-fluoxetine exposure increased male copulatory behaviour in the absence of a competitor, while no effect was detected under male-male competition. Further, fluoxetine exposure at both concentrations increased total sperm count relative to males from the control group, while no significant change in sperm quality was observed. Lastly, low-fluoxetine males showed a significant reduction in condition index (mass relative to length). Our study is the first to show altered mechanisms of both preand post-copulatory sexual selection in an aquatic species resulting from environmentally realistic fluoxetine exposure, highlighting the capacity of pharmaceutical pollution to interfere with sensitive reproductive processes
Fast Fourier Transform and Its Applications

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Effects of FDI flows on Current Account Balances : Do Globalisation and Institutional Quality Matter ?

This study examines the linkages between globalisation, institutional quality, foreign direct investment (FDI) and current account (CA) for twenty three Asian countries over the period of 1998 to 2013. Institutional reforms may motivate more FDI inflows, however, this may lead to deterioration of the current account by inducing imports as well as rising investment demand in the domestic economy. This study probes the nature of this relationship and try to examine whether it holds good for the Asian economies as well. After controlling for other exogenous variables, the study finds that FDI inflows and institutional reforms have negative and significant impact on the current account balances. The coefficients of exchange rate, globalisation, financial development and age dependency indicate an adverse relationship with current account. Further, while GDP per capita is having a positive relationship, GDP per capita square has a negative and significant impact on the current account balances. This implies the ‘stages of development hypothesis’ does not hold good in case of Asian countries.
The expansion of consumption and the welfare dynamics of the Brazilian families : a decomposition analysis of poverty and inequality

This article analyses dynamic aspects of welfare, inequality and poverty in Brazil from the perspective of the per capita consumption. By means of the data of the Brazilian Family Expenditure Survey (POF) and the construction of the consumption aggregates, the evolution of the consumption structures are evaluated, according to the location of families in the Major Brazilian Regions and in the urban and rural areas. For this purpose, the study incorporates the value of services related to existing durable goods in the households in the last two editions of the survey. The study resorts to graphical and dominance analyses as well as to functions that allow measuring and separating the effects of growth and inequality over social welfare. The role of the consumption structure (and its changes) to welfare, poverty and inequality is evaluated according to static and dynamic decompositions. The main results indicate that the durable goods strongly contributed for the growth of consumption and social welfare but they were also a limiting factor for the inequality reduction. The inclusion of durable goods in the analysis changed the dynamics of inequality in such a way that the Gini index remained relatively stable, going from 0.501 (in 2002-2003) to 0.495 (in 2008-2009). We also observed that, in all the geographic areas that were studied, poverty in 2008-2009 was lower than in 2002-2003 for the different measures and poverty lines.
Reducing the Variability between Novice Modelers: Results of a Tool for Human Performance Modeling Produced through Human-Centered Design

: The variation between novice modelers has not been extensively studied, but it is important to organizations wishing to employ predictive human performance models in their system design process. This paper reports on the statistically-significant reduction in variation between novice modelers achieved by CogTool over the previously-established by-hand method of predicting the task execution time of skilled users (Keystroke-Level Model). CogTool was developed using human-centered design techniques specifically to understand and prevent novice errors by transforming the modeling process into an integral part of the system design process and these techniques seem to have worked.
A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN RURAL ADOLESCENT SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN KERALA, INDIA -

Background: Obesity has become a worldwide phenomenon cutting across regional and economic barriers. Childhood and adolescent obesity has emerged as an epidemic not only in the developed countries but also in the developing countries that are in rapid epidemiological transition, and India is no exception. 50-80% of the obese children will continue to be obese adults . However, whether or not obesity persists into adulthood, the obesity in childhood appears to increase the risk of subsequent morbidities . Objective: To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its influencing factors in adolescent school going children in a rural area in Kerala. Research methodology: Height and weight were measured and obesity was assessed using international obesity task force criteria in 173 students of 13 -18 years. Details of influencing factors obtained using a pretested questionare. Results :The study revealed a high prevalence of overweight (16%) and obesity (7%). Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19% and 6% among boys and 15% and 8% among girls respectively. Among the influencing factors sleeping time and fast food were found to be significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural adolescents emphasizes the need of early recognition of excessive weight gain relative to linear growth and early intervention after an increase in weight-for-height or BMI percentiles in children and adolescents.
Schneier's Cryptography Classics Library: Applied Cryptography, Secrets and Lies, and Practical Cryptography

* Cryptography is the study of message secrecy and is used in fields such as computer science, computer and network security, and even in instances of everyday life, such as ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. Thanks to his innovative and ingenious books on the subject of cryptography, Bruce Schneier has become the world's most famous security expert. Now, his trio of revolutionary titles can be found in this unprecedented, value-priced collection. * Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C, Second Edition: This seminal encyclopedic reference provides readers with a comprehensive survey of modern cryptography. It describes dozens of cryptography algorithms, offers practical advice on how to implement them into cryptographic software, and shows how they can be used to solve security problems. * Secrets and Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World: This narrative, straight-talking bestseller explains how to achieve security throughout computer networks. Schneier examines exactly what cryptography can and cannot do for the technical and business community. * Practical Cryptography: As the ideal guide for an engineer, systems engineer or technology professional who wants to learn how to actually incorporate cryptography into a product, this book bridges the gap between textbook cryptography and cryptography in the real world.
Regularities and Irregularities in Rhetorical Move Structure of Linguistics Abstracts in Research Articles

Awareness of abstract writing skill plays an important role for research article (RA) abstract writers to meet the discourse community expectations. In academic writing, writers should persuade readers to read the whole article by writing an effective abstract in terms of both content and rhetorical structure. This paper utilised Swales’ (1990) theory as considers abstract as an independent discourse because of its distinctive function and indicates the content and structure of the whole text. Swales also highlights the format of the abstract as having I-M-R-D pattern. The underlying assumption is that the associated RAs follow the IMRD structures and their abstracts are also likely to exhibit the same move pattern. This study investigated 130 English research article abstracts in linguistics journals in order to identify the move patterns found in RA abstracts in terms of moves and steps. In addition, it established move cycling in the structuring of an abstract. The findings indicated that 63.84% of the abstracts followed the IMRD structure that was premised to reflect the structure of the main text. Findings from this research provide new insights into abstract writing in linguistics articles, in particular, with regard to the actual practice in the use of the IMRD move patterns and how the related genres in RA are similar or different. These findings have pedagogical implications as writers could be given training in the various aspects of writing to satisfy the rhetorical structure for information flow. Keywords: abstract; IMRD structure; move cycling; rhetorical move; step DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2016-2201-04
11 CONTENT CHOICES WITHIN A CONCEPT-CONTEXT APPROACH IN PRIMARY SCIENCE EDUCATION

Trends in Dutch biology education have recently led to the development of a conceptual framework for primary science education in which a concept-context approach holds a central position. This study describes how choices can be made in the selection of concepts from the framework for curriculum inclusion with a focus on the concept animal. Its aim is to arrive at an elaboration of this concept in terms of underlying and related concepts. Especially guidelines were collected to justify these choices. Therefore, primary teacher educators for science education and primary school pupils were interviewed. Alongside, an analysis of methods for primary science education was carried out and experts were asked to fill in a questionnaire. This resulted in appropriate guidelines, underlying concepts and/or everyday life contexts interesting for pupils. With these outcomes two example elaborations for different age categories were made and subsequently presented, along with the guidelines found, to experts during a focus group discussion. Ultimately, the findings revealed three criteria (context, subject and didactics) to be taken into account when selecting concepts. To elaborate the concept animal the suggested procedure can be used, in which the interaction between selecting concepts and contexts is central. ANNELOTTE LAMMERS, RONALD KEIJZER AND MARJA VAN GRAFT
To What Extent Does Posthospital Discharge Chemoprophylaxis Prevent Venous Thromboembolism After Bariatric Surgery ? rt of More Than 110 , 000 Patients Results From a Nationwide Coho

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, and the impact of posthospital discharge (PHD) chemoprophylaxis on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). Background: VTE is a major concern after BS, especially during the PHD period. No large-scale study has previously focused on the clinical value of PHD chemoprophylaxis. Methods: In this nationwide observational population-based cohort study, all data from patients undergoing BS were extracted from the French National Health Insurance database (SNIIRAM) from 1st January 2012 to 31st September 2014. Logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios for potential risk factors for VTE occurring within 90 postoperative days (PODs). The association between use of PHD chemoprophylaxis (heparin) and VTE was also assessed. Results: The majority (56%) of the 110,824 patients had sleeve gastrectomy. VTE rates during the first 30 and 90 PODs were 0.34% and 0.51%, respectively. On multivariate analyses, the major risk factors for VTE during the first 90 PODs were history of VTE [odds ratio 1⁄4 6.33 95% confidence interval (4.44–9.00)], postoperative complications [9.23 (7.30–11.70)], heart failure [2.45 (1.48–4.06)], and open surgery [2.38 (1.59–3.45)]. PHD chemoprophylaxis was delivered to 75% of patients. No use of PHD chemoprophylaxis [1.27 (1.01–1.61)] was an independent predictive factor of VTE during the first 90 PODs [in the gastric bypass group: 1.51 (1.01–2.29)). Conclusions: In the modern era of BS, this nationwide study shows a nonnegligible rate of VTE especially after sleeve gastrectomy, depending on the individual risk level. Use of PHD chemoprophylaxis may decrease the risk
COMPARISON OF MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND CLASSIFICATION TREE TO ASSESS FACTORS INFLUENCING PREVALENCE OF ABORTION IN NIGERIAN CATTLE BREEDS

The aim of the study was to investigate the application of binary logistic regression and classification tree to assess the potential factors associated with the prevalence of abortion in two indigenous cattle breeds in Nigeria. Three thousand, six hundred and four calving records of cows from a total of 115 cattle herders within Nasarawa, Benue and Plateau, north central Nigeria from the year 2010-2013 were utilized in the study. The cattle which were of Bunaji and Sokoto Gudali genetic groups originated from different flocks and were reared under the traditional extensive system. The risk factors investigated were dam’s breed-group, season and parity. The incidence of abortion was higher in Bunaji (16.9%) compared to Sokoto Gudali (13.8%) cattle. Abortion was also more in the rainy (19.6%) than the dry (13.0%) and harmattan (lower temperatures with winds)(13.5%) seasons respectively. Animals which have calved once and twice aborted (23.9% and 21.1%, respectively) more than their counterparts which have recorded up to three (9.8%) and four births (5.8%). However, the multivariate logistic model (χ2 = 8.56, P= 0.197) and classification tree (risk value = 0.123±0.004) revealed that parity number and breed were the most important parameters affecting the prevalence of abortion in cattle. The present information may be exploited in management practices to attenuate the incidence of abortion, thereby increasing the productivity of the animals in Nigeria, sub-saharan Africa.