Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remission in Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Characteristics of Remission and Relapse in Black Patients

Normoglycemic remission has been observed in black non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals. Thirty-three patients presented with severe hyperglycemia (mean glucose 682 mg/dl) and were hospitalized for initial treatment. Following intensive outpatient therapy including insulin or sulfonylurea for 0.25 to 96 weeks, they became normoglycemic without pharmacologic treatment. This state was characterized by normal glycosylated hemoglobin levels in 29 of 30 patients and fasting plasma glucose levels of less than or equal to 115 mg/dl in 25 of 33 patients. During clinical remission these individuals were characterized as being lean to moderately obese (body mass index less than 30.5 kg/m), relatively young (45 years of age), and largely male (male:female ratio was 2:1). Thirty percent of the patients underwent normoglycemic remission after 3 months of treatment, 64% within 6 months, and 85% within 12 months. Normoglycemic remission was not related to weight loss or amelioration of stress and lasted from several months to as long 97 months. The results of the oral glucose tolerance test during remission showed that 9 had normal, 7 had impaired, and 17 had diabetic glucose tolerance. Thirteen of the 33 patients relapsed and developed hyperglycemia after a mean of 24.9 months. Relapse was not associated with weight gain or acute stress. Islet cell antibodies were uniformly absent, implying that these individuals did not have an autoimmune form of diabetes. It is not known if remission in non-insulin-dependent diabetes is unique to the black population. Neither the prevalence nor the mechanism of the development of remission is known at this time.
Expression of P-Glycoprotein 170 in Nasal Mucosa may be Increased with Topical Steroids

The synthesis of P-glycoprotein 170 (P-gp), a “multidrug resistance” protein capable of extruding various drugs including 11-OH steroids from human cells, can be upregulated by certain glucocorticosteroids. This study demonstrates the presence of P-gp in the columnar surface epithelium and in glandular acini of healthy nasal mucosa with immunohistochemical technique. Furthermore, nasal polyps from 5 of 17 patients treated with clinical doses of a topical nasal steroid, budesonide, appear to show a stronger staining intensity for P-gp than polyps from 13 untreated patients. This suggests the possibility of local P-gp gene induction by topical glucocorticoid treatment. Upregulation of P-gp synthesis appears as a new possible cause of relative resistance to topical steroid medication in patients with nasal inflammatory disease.
Treatment of HIV infection with once-daily regimens

Introduction: Treatment for HIV infection requires a lifetime antiretroviral therapy. In order to improve adherence, once daily (OD) is thus a preferred regimen. Areas covered: Evidence-based information and most recent guidelines recommendation, both from resource-rich and resource-limited settings, on antiretroviral regimens that can be administered OD will be reviewed. Sources of evidences were from the late clinical development studies (Phase III and II) published in Medline or major international conferences. Expert opinion: Nine OD US FDA-approved regimens and one new integrase inhibitor OD regimen have been shown to be efficient and well tolerated. For the fixed-dose single-tablet regimens (STRs), there are two currently approved regimens: Atripla® and Complera®. Another STR elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir (QUAD, Stribild®) is recently approved by the US FDA (August 20, 2012), whereas two additional SRTs, including abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir and darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/GS-7340 are undergoing Phase III and II trials, respectively. Three OD regimens are currently recommended by the US DHHS guidelines as the preferred regimens for treatment-naïve patients (efavirenz, boosted atazanavir and boosted darunavir). EFV-based regimen is the only OD regimen available for resource-limited countries. Nevertheless, it should be noted that each of these OD regimens has its own advantages and disadvantages and therefore should be selected accordingly.
Coupling MODIS and Radar Altimetry Data for Discharge Estimation in Poorly Gauged River Basins

The capability of coupling measurements of river velocity derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and water levels derived from ENVISAT Advanced Radar Altimeter (RA-2) for river discharge estimation is thoroughly investigated. The method is applied even considering the possible unavailability of the river cross-section survey by using the entropy theory for reconstructing the bathymetry. The discharge estimation accuracy is validated using in situ measurements along the Po River (Northern Italy) where daily observations are available for the period 2005-2010. The agreement with the observed discharge is fairly satisfactory with coefficient of correlation of 0.91 and relative root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 37 on average. Therefore, the coupling of the two sensors provides, with a good level of accuracy, the hydraulic quantities to use for discharge estimation. These results are particularly significant for the forthcoming European Space Agency Sentinel-3 mission, in which a visible-near infrared multispectral sensor and an altimeter will be onboard the same satellite platform providing significant improvements in terms of vertical accuracy and spatial-temporal resolution.
Systolic VLSI realization of a novel iterative division algorithm over GF(2/sup m/): a high-speed, low-complexity design

We present a parallel-in parallel-out systolic division circuit over GF(2/sup m/) based on the novel extended Stein's algorithm that provides guaranteed convergence in 2/sup m/-1 iterations. The area-time (AT) complexity of our design is O(m/sup 2/) and the achievable maximum clock rate is 1 GHz based on the 0.6 /spl mu/m technology. Compared to the best systolic design known to date based on the extended Euclid's algorithm the proposed circuit exhibits significant area and speed advantages.
Assessment of Respiratory Epithelial Permeability by Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Aerosolized 99mT‐DTPA in Patients with Sarcoidosis a

The increased permeability of the respiratory epithelium in many pulmonary diseases has already been described.Id Endothelial permeability may be assessed by several different methods: by using indicator dilution curves and a range of tracer molecules in a single pass through the vascular bed,’ by the measurement of the pulmonary transvascular flux of a radioactive protein using an external scintillation detector,* and by the study of transendothelial transport material after osmotic bolus? These methods have limited application to studies in man, and they measure only the pulmonary endothelial permeability. Other techniques have recently been developed for measuring pulmonary endothelial and epithelial permeability that may be applicable to studies in patients: the determination of albumin flux by the measurement of albumin concentration in alveolar fluid obtained by a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL),’O-I2 and the determination of the flux of a radioactive solute introduced into respiratory spaces as an aerosol. The transfer of the radioactive solute from alveolar spaces to pulmonary blood circulation may be assessed by taking repeated venous blood samples” or using an external scintillation detector which counts the decay of radioactivity in the lung The purpose of this study was to compare two methods for assessing the
Heat stress-activated, calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase in sponges.

The presence of Ca(2+)-dependent, heat-stress-activated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in peculiarly shaped, fusiform, and dendritic sponge cells is described for the first time. The NOS activity was evidenced evaluating the conversion of radioactive citrulline from [(14)C]arginine in intact cells from two different species that are phylogenetically unrelated in the class of Demospongiae: Axinella polypoides and Petrosia ficiformis. The production of nitrogen monoxide (NO) was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, and the histochemistry technique of NADPH diaphorase showed a specific localization of NOS activity in a particular network of dendritic cells in the sponge parenchyma. Sponges are the most primitive metazoan group; their evolution dates back 600 million years. The presence of environmental stress-activated NOS activity in these organisms may prove to be the most ancient NO-dependent signaling network in the animal kingdom.
Collision-free trajectory planning based on Maneuver Selection-Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents a system for collision-free trajectory planning with multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which automatically identifies conflicts among them. After detecting conflicts between UAVs, the system resolves them cooperatively using a collision-free trajectory planning algorithm based on a stochastic optimization technique named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The new implementation of the PSO algorithm, named Maneuver Selection Particle Swarm Optimization (MS-PSO), presents improvements with respect to previous implementations. The execution time is reduced because the dimension of the problem is reduced, and different kinds of maneuvers can be selected to solve the detected conflicts: course/heading, speed or altitude changes. The MS-PSO has been validated with simulations in scenarios with multiple UAVs in a common airspace. Also, a comparison to a genetic algorithm and a PSO algorithm has been performed to highlight the advantages of the MS-PSO. The main advantage is that MS-PSO always ensures solution from the first iteration. This requirement is essential in safe cooperative missions.
N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonist and Parkinson's disease: A pilot study with dextromethorphan

In conclusion, these two pilot studies failed to demonstrate a relevant effect of dextrornethorphan in PD. Several patients suffered from dose-limiting side effects. These negative results do not exclude any role for NMDA antagonists in the treatment of PD. Compounds acting at various subsites on the NMDA receptor complex (competitive and other noncompetitive antagonists as well as inhibitors of the strychnine-insensitive glycine subsite and zinc subsite agonists) should be tried to further investigate the role of NMDA antagonists in PD.
The role of psychopharmacology in suicide prevention

Abstract The potential role of psychopharmacology in suicide prevention is often minimised. This may to some extent reflect that few medication trials have specifically focussed on prevention of suicidal behaviour – indeed this outcome is often not reported in trials. However, there is reasonably strong evidence that lithium may reduce risk of suicide, the postulated mechanism being a specific effect on aggression. Evidence is lacking with regard to any protective effect of other mood stabilizers. Clozapine may reduce suicidal behaviour in patients with schizophrenia, with reduction of affective symptoms being a possible explanation. The role of antidepressants in relation to suicide risk is highly controversial, especially in children and adolescents. It is unclear whether minor tranquillizers or hypnotics can assist in suicide prevention, although they can reduce the anxiety symptoms that may occur during initial treatment with SSRI antidepressants. Itis also uncertain whether psychopharmacology has a role in preventing suicidal behaviour in people with personality disorders. Despite the limitations of the evidence we contend that suicide risk should be an important factor in deciding when and what to prescribe. Declaration of Interest: We have no interests to declare.
How Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Differ From "Typical" Learning Disabled Clinic Attenders: Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Revisited

To further investigate cognitive deficits in children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF-1), children with NF-1 were compared to typical learning disabled clinic attenders (LD-clinic), all of whom had reading disabilities, as well as to a group with no disabilities (NoDx). Results indicated that both the NF-1 group and LD-clinic group had reading and reading-related deficits when compared to the NoDx group; however, the NF-1 group was more globally language impaired than the LD-clinic group. In addition, the NF-1 group scored significantly lower than the LD-clinic group, but not the NoDx group, on the visuospatial measures, thus confirming that children with NF-1 have visuospatial deficits not typical of a general LD-clinic population. The NF-1 group was not impaired in comparison to the NoDx group on certain language and visuospatial tasks that were previously found to be deficits in sibling pairwise matched designs; thus, the importance of considering genetic and familial context when studying the impact of genetic disorders on cognition was demonstrated.
Impaired functional connectivity of the thalamus in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a resting-state fMRI study.

OBJECTIVES The current study evaluated whether the functional connectivity pattern of the thalamo-cortical network in patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) would show disease severityrelated alterations. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained from 35 patients with AD, 27 patients with MCI and 27 subjects with normal cognition (NC). First, the altered functional connectivity pattern in AD patients was evaluated in comparison to NC subjects. Second, the MCI subjects were included to evaluate how different stages of disease affect the functional connectivity pattern of the thalamus. Finally, a correlation analysis was performed between the strength of the functional connectivity of the identified regions and various clinical variables to evaluate the relationship between the strength of functional connectivity and the cognitive abilities of MCI and AD patients. RESULTS When compared to NC subjects, AD patients showed decreased functional connectivity between the left thalamus and brain regions including the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, right middle frontal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus. Decreased functional connectivity was also found between the right thalamus and right middle frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule/angular gyrus. In addition, increased functional connectivity was observed between the bilateral thalamus and brain regions including the middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus and precuneus. Functional connectivity between the bilateral thalamus and the identified brain regions of MCI subjects was intermediate in comparison to the functional connectivity of AD and NC subjects. A significant correlation between the fitted functional connectivity strength and the clinical variables was also detected. CONCLUSION Our results revealed disease severity-related alterations of the thalamo-default mode network and thalamocortical connectivity in AD and MCI patients. These results support the hypothesis of network disconnection in AD.
Repeated psychosocial stress at night, but not day, affects the central molecular clock

We have recently demonstrated that the outcome of repeated social defeat (SD) on behavior, physiology and immunology is more negative when applied during the dark/active phase as compared with the light/inactive phase of male C57BL/6 mice. Here, we investigated the effects of the same stress paradigm, which combines a psychosocial and novelty stressor, on the circadian clock in transgenic PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) and wildtype (WT) mice by subjecting them to repeated SD, either in the early light phase (social defeat light = SDL) or in the early dark phase (social defeat dark = SDD) across 19 days. The PER2::LUC rhythms and clock gene mRNA expression were analyzed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the adrenal gland, and PER2 protein expression in the SCN was assessed. SDD mice showed increased PER2::LUC rhythm amplitude in the SCN, reduced Per2 and Cryptochrome1 mRNA expression in the adrenal gland, and increased PER2 protein expression in the posterior part of the SCN compared with single-housed control (SHC) and SDL mice. In contrast, PER2::LUC rhythms in the SCN of SDL mice were not affected. However, SDL mice exhibited a 2-hour phase advance of the PER2::LUC rhythm in the adrenal gland compared to SHC mice. Furthermore, plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and BDNF mRNA in the SCN were elevated in SDL mice. Taken together, these results show that the SCN molecular rhythmicity is affected by repeated SDD, but not SDL, while the adrenal peripheral clock is influenced mainly by SDL. The observed increase in BDNF in the SDL group may act to protect against the negative consequences of repeated psychosocial stress.
Postoperative spindle cell nodules of genitourinary tract resembling sarcomas A report of eight cases

Eight cases of proliferative spindle cell nodules that developed 5 weeks to 3 months after operations on the lower genital tract of four women, and the lower urinary tract of four men, are described. The lesions ranged up to 4 cm in diameter, resembled spindle cell sarcomas on microscopical examination, and were initially interpreted as such in most of the cases. Six of the lesions were treated by local excision alone, and two by a radical surgical procedure, followed by radiation therapy in one case. The six patients whose lesions were treated inadequately on the assumption that they were sarcomas were free of disease 9–60 months (average, 28 months) postoperatively, and the two men who were treated by radical procedures were well 18 and 60 months later. The microscopic features, the unusual clinical setting, and the favorable prognosis of these lesions suggest that they were examples of a hitherto undescribed form of benign reactive lesion resembling a sarcoma.
Neural correlates of anticipation and processing of performance feedback in social anxiety

Fear of negative evaluation, such as negative social performance feedback, is the core symptom of social anxiety. The present study investigated the neural correlates of anticipation and perception of social performance feedback in social anxiety. High (HSA) and low (LSA) socially anxious individuals were asked to give a speech on a personally relevant topic and received standardized but appropriate expert performance feedback in a succeeding experimental session in which neural activity was measured during anticipation and presentation of negative and positive performance feedback concerning the speech performance, or a neutral feedback‐unrelated control condition. HSA compared to LSA subjects reported greater anxiety during anticipation of negative feedback. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed deactivation of medial prefrontal brain areas during anticipation of negative feedback relative to the control and the positive condition, and medial prefrontal and insular hyperactivation during presentation of negative as well as positive feedback in HSA compared to LSA subjects. The results indicate distinct processes underlying feedback processing during anticipation and presentation of feedback in HSA as compared to LSA individuals. In line with the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in self‐referential information processing and the insula in interoception, social anxiety seems to be associated with lower self‐monitoring during feedback anticipation, and an increased self‐focus and interoception during feedback presentation, regardless of feedback valence. Hum Brain Mapp 35:6023–6031, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Old Age and Loneliness: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses in the Tampere Longitudinal Study on Aging

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine whether older age is associated with increasing loneliness in people aged 60 and over. Data came from TamELSA, a population-based prospective longitudinal study in Tampere, Finland. The follow-up time was 20 years. Loneliness was measured by a single question – “Do you feel lonely? “ – with the possible answers often, sometimes, or never. Cross-sectional analysis showed that the percentage of subjects feeling lonely increased toward older age groups, but in a multivariate analysis, only household composition and social participation were independently associated with loneliness. Longitudinal analysis showed that loneliness increased with higher age. Over a 10-year period, loneliness increased most in those who, at baseline, were married and living alone with their spouse. In conclusion, only a minority of older people continuously suffer from loneliness. Loneliness does increase with age, not because of age per se, but because of increasing disability and decreasing social integration. RÉSUMÉ Le but de cette étude était d'examiner si l'âge mûr est lié au phénomène de solitude accrue parmi la population desplus de 60 ans. Les données ont été fournies par TamELSA, étude prospective longitudinale basée sur la population àTampere, Finlande. Cette étude a été suivie sur une période de 20 ans. La solitude a été évaluée à l'aide d'une seulequestion : « Vous sentez-vous seul ? », avec pour réponses alternatives, « souvent », « parfois » ou « jamais ». Une analysetransversale a permis de montrer que le pourcentage des sujets se sentant seuls parmi les groupes de personnesd'âge mûr avait augmenté ; cependant, dans une analyse multivariée, seuls les facteurs de la composition du foyer etde la participation sociale étaient indépendamment liés au phénomène de solitude. L'analyse longitudinale a montréque la solitude augmentait avec l'âge. Sur une période de 10 ans, la solitude a augmenté surtout pour ceux qui étaientmariés ou vivaient seuls avec leur époux/épouse à la base. En conclusion, seule une minorité de personnes âgées souffrentcontinuellement de la solitude. La solitude s'accroît en effet avec l'âge, non pas à cause de l'âge per se, mais en raisonde la perte accrue des capacités et de l'intégration sociale affaiblie.
Staining characteristics of BCL-2 , BAX , p 53 , p 21 , Ki-67 andC-erbB 2 in thyroid carcinomas

Mehmet Reþat Özercan, Prof., MD. Department of Medical Pathology, Fýrat University Medical Faculty, ozercan@yahoo.com Abstract Purpose: This study aims at investigating the relation between papillary, follicular, medullar and anaplastic types of thyroid carcinomas and immunohistochemical markers such as bcl-2, bax, p53, p21, Ki-67, and c-erbB2. Material and Methods: A total of forty thyroid carcinoma cases, 10 of which were papillary, follicular anaplastic and medullar were applied bcl-2, bax, p53, p21, Ki-67, and c-erbB2 using immunohistochemistry. Results: Of these, positive staining was observed in all thyroid carcinoma types except for medullar carcinoma for bax, Bcl-2 showed 60% positive staining in papillary type, 80% in follicular type, 90% in medullar type and 60% in anaplastic type. The relation was that as tumor differentiation decreased positive staining increased both for p21 and p53. None of the medullar carcinoma cases had positive staining with these markers. While Ki-67 index was found to be low in the papillary and follicular carcinomas it was found to be significantly high in the medullary and anaplastic carcinomas.The positivity, which was 60% in the papillary carcinomas, reached 80% in anaplastic and 90% in the medullary carcinomas, with cerbB2. Conclusion: It was established that the relation between thyroid carcinomas and bax, bcl-2 and c-erbB-2 was not significant, while their relation to p21,p53 and Ki67 showed a significant difference between well-differentiated and poor-differentiated tumors.