Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trend in Total Factor Productivity Growth in Indian Iron and Steel Industries Under a Liberalized Trade Regime: An Empirical Analysis with Adjustment for Capacity Utilization

This study attempts to measure productivity performance in terms of partial factor productivity and total factor productivity growth and tries to relate and adjust economic capacity utilization with total factor productivity growth for the entire period, 1979-‘80 to 2003-‘04. The results on partial factor productivity of factors show improvement in productivity of material, labour and capital. The result on the overall productivity shows declining total factor productivity growth during post-reform period as compared to pre-reform period. Total output growth in Indian iron and steel industry is found to be mainly inputdriven rather than productivity-driven. With adjustment for variations in capacity utilization, trend in total factor productivity growth remains declining but variations among sub-periods turn-out to be larger and sharper. Furthermore, our result reveals that total factor productivity growth is more sensitive to the extent of capital-deepening of the steel sector showing negative and statistically significant association between total factor productivity growth and capital-output ratio . The liberalization process is found to have its adverse impact on total factor productivity growth.
Plant Virus and Phytopathology Research in Jamaica: A Review

During the last twelve years, a number of plant viruses have emerged in Jamaica resulting in severe yield losses and potential threats to various economically important crops. Numerous begomoviruses have been characterized from several crops including tomato, red kidney bean, cabbage, papaya and several common weeds. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the most damaging virus pathogen to papaya and is presently a problem due to the intensification of the crop in recent years. Although Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was first detected in Jamaica in the late 1950s, the pathogen currently poses a threat to the Jamaican citrus industry since the severe strain of CTV and one of its most efficient vectors, Toxoptera citricida, were recently confirmed in Jamaica. Research aimed at the distribution of these plant viruses affecting major agricultural crops and the structure of the virus populations is ongoing. The subject of this review is an analysis of the genetic diversity in the three virus populations and factors contributing to their emergence. The challenge is to complement this analysis with appropriate diagnosis, quarantine activities and management of the diseases.
Chapter 4 Faults Prediction Analysis

Time, cost and quality of products are considered as three main objectives of software industry. It is an established fact that if a fault is located and removed at an early stage, the cost and time is saved and the process to produce and deliver reliable products become easier. As the size and complexity of software grow with its utility in modern society it becomes very hard to manage the quality of deliverable in today’s software industry. For object-oriented environment best solution to facilitate this problem is to validate the metrics which measures complexity of class design as predictor of different quality attributes such as fault-proneness, number-of-faults, productivity, functionality and reliability etc. Various software metrics have been proposed for predicting the quality of object-oriented software. The CK-metrics suite (Chidamber & Kemerer, 1994) has introduced object-oriented design complexity metrics and demonstrated the strong impact on software quality. It invoked great enthusiasm among researchers, software engineers and further numerous empirical studies were conducted by employing these metrics. Moreover, other variants with CK-metrics were added in order to present more accurate indications of code quality. In this study, KC1 a public NASA data set is used to analyze relationships between investigating metrics (CK-metrics + size-metric) and number-of-faults in different severity level. The chapter is planned to prove the fault prediction symptoms by employing different and sound practicable methods and strategies.
Productívíty of cassava and other crops in an intercropping system

Intercropping is a common practice among farmers in tropical regions of the world and has persisted for years, not only for traditional reasons, but also for certain advantages that helped in its ecological adaptation. In regard to low income farmers with small areas for cultivation, more attention should be given to the cost of production and better land management. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the best intercropping system of cassava with other crops. The experiment was conducted in an area belonging to the cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) producers of the Planalto de Minas district in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The treatments comprised cassava intercropped with maize, beans and dwarf pigeon pea, as well as controls with and without weeding. The dry mass of shoots for maize, beans and dwarf-pigeon pea was affected by the presence of cassava. The productivity of cassava was dependent on cultivar and the intercropped crop. The highest harvest indexes were observed when cassava was intercropped with maize. In a general way, intercropping with maize and beans showed the highest area equivalence indexes and are recommended for the cassava crop. Intercalar cultivos es una practica comun entre los agricultores de las regiones tropicales del mundo, que ha persistido a lo largo de los anos, no solo por tradicion, sino tambien por la busqueda de las ventajas que han ayudado en su adaptacion ecologica. Cuando se considera a agricultores con pequenas propiedades de cultivo y bajos ingresos economicos, se debe poner mas atencion en los costos de produccion y en el mejor aprovechamiento de la tierra. Asi pues, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el mejor sistema de intercalar la yuca con otros cultivos. El experimento se realizo en un area perteneciente a los productores de yuca ( Manihot esculenta) del distrito de Planalto de Minas en Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los tratamientos consistieron en intercalar la yuca con maiz, frijoles y guisantes enano paloma, asi como los controles con y sin deshierbe. La produccion de materia seca de rebrote de maiz, frijoles y guisantes enano paloma se vio afectada por la presencia de yuca. La productividad de la yuca depende de la variedad utilizada y de los cultivos intercalados. Los mayores indices de cosecha se observaron cuando la yuca se intercalo con maiz. De forma general se puede afirmar que el cultivo de la yuca, intercalado con maiz y frijol, muestra los indices de equivalencia area mas altos, siendo el mas recomendado para el cultivo de la yuca.
An Analysis of Audit Fees Following the Passage of Sarbanes-Oxley

This study analyzes audit fees following SOX, in particular, the residual increase in audit fees controlling for those factors predicted to change such fees but for the Act. We find significant relations between residual audit fees and incremental audit risk, audit effort, and auditor changes. These factors are noticeably more influential in the period following SOX that includes the implementation of section 404 on internal control. Our results imply that SOX most likely caused an increase in the auditing profession's share of the risk of defective financial statements and client companies' resources to audit a costlier accounting system.
“Girls will be served until you have to carry them out”: Gendered serving practices in Oslo

Abstract Research on heavy drinking among women implies that this behaviour is deviant and criticised by society, which would suggest that intoxicated women are more likely than men to be denied alcohol at drinking establishments. However, a recent Norwegian study shows that it is more likely for intoxicated women than intoxicated men to be served alcohol. This article explores gender differences and overserving within licensed establishments. The data consist of qualitative interviews with bartenders and pseudo-patrons. The latter were actors who were seemingly intoxicated while attempting to purchase alcohol at drinking establishments. Our analysis suggests that there are three main reasons why alcohol is served to intoxicated women. First, female patrons are profitable for drinking establishments because their presence causes male patrons to remain at the venue and spend more money. Second, female patrons are regarded as being sexually available to other patrons and staff in the barroom, which is a heavily sexually charged scene. Third, female patrons are considered harmless and their presence even dampens male aggression. In contrast to these explanations, there is some concern for the safety of intoxicated women. The night-time economy in Oslo seems to combine a strictly gendered perception of male and female patrons with a new acceptance of female binge drinking. The overserving of female patrons can be regarded as a consequence of the combination of these two seemingly contradictory tendencies.
Modeling the Effects of Cap and Trade and a Carbon Offset Policy on Crop Allocations and Farm Income

A static, producer profit maximization framework is used to capture county level land use choice on the basis of profitability, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the farm gate as well as soil carbon sequestration as affected by tillage and soil type. Policy scenarios of a 5% GHG cap on agricultural emissions in conjunction with a carbon offset payment system, designed to provide producer payments for net carbon footprint (GHG emissions – soil carbon sequestration) reductions compared to a baseline are evaluated to determine potential changes to land use and or producer income as a result of different policy scenarios. Results suggest that a policy solely targeted at emissions can be counterproductive in the sense that acreage reductions of more input-intensive crops also lead to soil carbon sequestration reductions. Producer income effects are largely negative unless carbon prices reach nearly $100 per ton.
Cooperation among Strangers in the Presence of Defectors: An Experimental Study

Does the rotten apple spoils his companions? This is the question we analyze in the context of a repeated population game with behavioral types. Our experimental results show that the inclusion of a non-cooperative player in an anonymous community makes cooperation much more difficult to sustain but that individuals still manage to trust some of the permanent players of society. The rotten apple lowers the quality of the companions, but is not able to completely spoil them.
The fortress of Monemvasia as playground for a location based game

This paper reports on an ongoing study of the long-term deployment of a location-based mobile game “If … in Monemvasia”. The game is played by groups of pupils that visit the historical fortress town Monemvasia in the south east Peloponnese, Greece. The players traverse the town and associate specific sites with role playing missions. The game was designed to promote understanding the history of the fortress town by the players. In the paper, we discuss the integration of historical knowledge and describe the gameplay in order to depict the incorporation of aspects of the town's history in the game.
Odobenocetops peruvianus, theWalrus-Convergent Delphinoid, Mammalia: Cetacea, from the Early Pliocene of Peru

Odobenocetops peruvianus Muizon, 1993 (early Pliocene, southern Peru), is a bizarre cetacean that is convergent in its skull, general aspect, and presumably feeding habits with the modem walrus Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus). Its cranial specializations are unique among cetaceans and include loss of the elongated rostrum, development of large premaxillary processes housing asym'. ctrical tusks, forward migration of the bony nares, reversal of the typical cetacean telescoping of the skull, dorsal binocular vision, large vaulted palate, and an inferred upper lip. The structure of the basicranium (possession of palatine expansions of the pterygoid sinus and presence of a large cranial hiatus) and face (possession of a medial portion of the maxillae at the anterior border of the nares) indicates that it belongs to the odontocete infraorder Delphinida and to the superfamily Delphinoidea. Within this group Odobenocetops is related to the Monodontidae because of the lateral lamina of its palatine flooring the optic groove, the anteroposterior elongation of the temporal fossa, and the thickness of the 'isphenoid and squamosal in the region of the foramen ovale. We hypothesize that Odobenocetops, like the walrus, fed upon shallow-water benthic invertebrates and probably used its tongue and upper lip jointly in extracting the, soft parts of bivalves or other invertebrates by suction. The highly modified morphology of the rostrum indicates that there was no melon as in all other odontocetes, and therefore that Odobenocetops was probably unable to echolocate; binocular vision could have compensated for this inability. The most probable function of the tusks themselves was social, as ir the living walrus, but we suggest that the historically ',rimary function of both the premaxillary processes of OdobenocChristian de Muizon, UMR 8569 CNRS, Laboratoire de Paleontologie, Museum National d'Histoire Naturel/e, 75005 Paris, France. Email: mui::on@cimrs1.mnhnfr. Daryl P. Domning,Research Associale, Department ofPaleobiology, National Museum ofNatural Hislory, SWithsonial/ II/stitutiol/, Washingtol/, D.C. 20560-0121, and LaboratoJ)' o/Evolutionary Biology, Department ofAnatomy, College of }vledicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United Slates. En/ail: ddomnilig@fac.hmmrd. edu. Darlene R. Ketten, Massahusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, . >fassachusetts 02114, United States. Email: dketten@whoi.edu. 223 etops and the tusks of Odobenus was as orientation guides in feeding. This reopens the question of whether the tusks of walruses playa role in feeding, as it seems that these also may be useful as orientation guides for the mouth and vibrissal array.
Spatial patterns and determinants of fertility levels among women of childbearing age in Nigeria

Background: Despite aggressive measures to control the population in Nigeria, the population of Nigeria still remains worrisome. Increased birth rates have significantly contributed to Nigeria being referred to as the most populous country in Africa. This study analyses spatial patterns and contributory factors to fertility levels in different states in Nigeria. Method: The 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) data were used to investigate the determinants of fertility levels in Nigeria using the geo-additive model. The fertility levels were considered as count data. Negative Binomial distribution was used to handle overdispersion of the dependent variable. Spatial effects were used to identify the hotspots for high fertility levels. Inference was a fully Bayesian approach. Results were presented within 95% credible Interval (CI). Results: Secondary or higher level of education of the mother, Yoruba ethnicity, Christianity, family planning use, higher wealth index, previous Caesarean birth were all factors associated with lower fertility levels in Nigeria. Age at first birth, staying in rural place of residence, the number of daughters in a household, being gainfully employed, married and living with a partner, community and household effects contribute to the high fertility patterns in Nigeria. The hotspots for high fertility in Nigeria are Kano, Yobe, Benue, Edo and Bayelsa states. Conclusion: State-specific policies need to be developed to address fertility levels in Nigeria.
0 Agglomeration Externalities and Productivity Growth : U . S . Cities in the Railroad Era , 1880-1930

We investigate the role of industrial structure in labor productivity growth in U.S. cities during the ‘second industrial revolution’. We find that greater specialization was associated with faster productivity growth but that diversity only had positive effects in large cities. We interpret our results as demonstrating the existence of dynamic Marshallian externalities. Industrial specialization increased considerably in U.S. cities at this time, partly because of improved transportation which brought additional gains in labor productivity. Although this would augment the social savings from railroads, the magnitude is too small to undermine Robert Fogel’s claim that his estimate is an upper bound.
Stigmmetry Prints from Patterns of Circles

Stigmergy is a form of self-organization that is brought about by indirect coordination of agents or actions. Urbano proposed a model based on stigmergy for simulating the nest formation of the species T. albipennis that occurs from collecting virtual grains of sand. By making different colonies of the species sensitive to different colors of virtual sand grains, Urbano produced what he called “sand paintings”. We exploit this technique by carefully assigning centers, radii, and colors to colonies in such a way that the stigmergy model self-organizes a uniform density distribution of virtual sand grains into sand paintings that exhibit various types of color preserving, and color reversing, symmetry. We call these algorithmic, computer-drawn compositions “stigmmetry prints”.
Immersive Interfaces for Engagement and Learning: Cognitive Implications

Immersive Virtual Environments are distinct from other types of multimedia learning environments. But, if immersion defined the subjective impression that one is participating in a comprehensive and a realistic experience, immersive-ness is generally defined only from a systemic point of view (e.g., capacity to track users' movements, facial expressions and gestures, quality of appearance, combination of multi-sensory information, design of the virtual world). Moreover, nowadays, it does not exist a robust theoretical framework to describe and to predict immersive-ness from a user-point of view. So this paper is aiming to assume that (a) immersive-ness should be defined from a cognitive user point of view, and that (b) the cognitive architecture called MHP/RT (for Model Human Processor with Realtime Constraints) is relevant to understand and to predict immersive-ness. After a presentation of the MHP/RT model and the distributed memory system related to conscious and unconscious processes, we present the conditions necessary to produce an "immersive experience" for the user, and a case study is described as an example. Theoretical and methodological perspectives are discussed.
STUDIES ON ANTHRACNOSE OF SOYBEAN CAUSED BY Colletotrichum truncatum ( Schw . )

The investigations on soybean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore included main aspects, viz., survey for disease, variability study of pathogen, identification of susceptible stages of infection, in vitro and field screening of fungicides, integrated management of disease and screening of available genotypes. A roving survey was conducted during kharif 2012; maximum disease severity in Belgaum district (30.56 PDI); minimum severity was noticed in Dharwad (28.98 PDI). During summer 2013, maximum disease severity was observed in Bailhongal (28.24 PDI); minimum severity was noticed in Athani (22.76 PDI). Variability study indicated that, there was much difference in colony colour ranging from cottony white to dark grey, the spore shape was only truncate type and there was no difference with respect to spore size of Colletotrichum truncatum isolates. Molecular variation existed among the isolates of C. truncatum helped to distinguish the isolates of C. truncatum from major soybean growing areas of the country. Study on susceptible stages of infection revealed that the mean maximum disease severity was obtained by inoculating the plants before flowering (40 DAS) followed by 10 DAS and seed inoculated plants. Among the fungicides evaluated, propiconazole, carbendazim, difenconazole, iprodione + carbendazim and trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole at 0.1 per cent were found very effective in inhibiting the growth of mycelium. Field evaluation of fungicides indicated that seed treatment with carboxin+ thiram (2 g/kg) or captan (2 g/kg) + foliar spray of trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole @ 0.1% at 55 DAS was found very effective in reducing the soybean anthracnose and enhancing the seed yield. The genotypes DSb 12 and DSb 20 showed highly resistant reaction while, JS 335 showed highly susceptible reaction against anthracnose both in glasshouse and field conditions.
Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate (NHP) Naked Islet Xenotransplantation

Islet transplantation is an established therapy for selected type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with severe hypoglycemic unawareness and glycemic liability despite of insulin treat- ment. However, the donor organ is limited. Porcine islets are the best alternative source to overcome this limitation, and pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) naked islet xenotrans- plantation studies are being performed worldwide. Several studies including our own have presented successful proof-of-concept results based on immunosuppression regimen including the anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody. Particularly, long-term control of diabetes by adult porcine islet transplantation has been demonstrated in five consecu tive monkeys, and the longest survival was ~1000 days after transplantation. Currently, pig-to-NHP islet xenotransplantation based on clinically applicable immunosuppression regimen is being pursued. In this chapter, we will describe all the procedures of pig-to-NHP naked islet xenotransplantation: (1) the porcine islet isolation from designated pathogen-free (DPF) miniature pigs, (2) diabetes induction in monkeys, (3) transplantation procedure via the portal vein, (4) immune monitoring comprising humoral and cellular immunity after porcine islet transplantation, and finally (5) liver biopsy and sub sequent immunohistochemical procedure in detail.
Superconductivity and multiple pressure-induced phases in BaPt2As2

The newly discovered BaPt$_2$As$_2$ shows a structural distortion at around 275~K, followed by the emergence of superconductivity at lower temperatures. Here we identify the presence of charge density wave (CDW) order at room temperature and ambient pressure using single crystal x-ray diffraction, with both a superlattice and an incommensurate modulation, where there is a change of the superlattice structure below $\simeq$ 275~K. Upon applying pressure, BaPt$_2$As$_2$ shows a rich temperature-pressure phase diagram with multiple pressure-induced transitions at high temperatures, the emergence or disappearance of which are correlated with sudden changes in the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$. These findings demonstrate that BaPt$_2$As$_2$ is a promising new system for studying competing interactions and the relationship between high-temperature electronic instabilities and superconductivity.