Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid composition and deposition of cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata muscle at different anatomical locations in relation to meat texture

: The present study was undertaken to assess the lipid composition and deposition in muscle at three anatomical locations in cultured yellowtail and to investigate the effect of lipid composition and deposition on meat texture. Lipid deposition in muscle was studied by histochemical staining of lipid with Sudan dye. Lipid class composition analysis showed that neutral lipids were the main constituents of lipid in cultured yellowtail and accounted primarily for the variation in muscle lipid content with the anatomical location of meat, as well as with season, whereas the polar lipid content remained almost constant. Furthermore, muscle neutral lipid content was correlated negatively with meat breaking strength; however, no correlation was observed between muscle polar lipid content and meat breaking strength. The histochemical study revealed that, in yellowtail muscle, lipid is preferentially deposited in the myosepta and, with increases in muscle lipid content, additional fat is deposited along sparsely distributed thin connective tissue. It was also observed that the greater the lipid deposition in collageneous connective tissue, the lower the meat breaking strength; presumably, higher lipid deposition in the connective tissue resulted in weakening of the muscle structure.
University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Activity-aware map : identifying human daily activity pattern using mobile phone data Conference or Workshop Item

Being able to understand dynamics of human mobility is essential for urban planning and transportation management. Besides geographic space, in this paper, we characterize mobility in a profilebased space (activity-aware map) that describes most probable activity associated with a specific area of space. This, in turn, allows us to capture the individual daily activity pattern and analyze the correlations among different people’s work area’s profile. Based on a large mobile phone data of nearly one million records of the users in the central Metro-Boston area, we find a strong correlation in daily activity patterns within the group of people who share a common work area’s profile. In addition, within the group itself, the similarity in activity patterns decreases as their work places become apart.
Examining the Complex Relationship Between Greek Life and Alcohol: A Literature Review

This literature review addresses the question of whether membership in a Greek organization contributes to the drinking behaviors of college students. Research findings are divided into these major categories: drinking frequency, motivation/reasons to drink, predicting Greek membership, culture of Greek life, perception bias, and consequences of drinking. Conclusions suggest that to be successful, intervention efforts must focus not only on individuals but also on organizational and institutional layers.
Ecosystem‐level effects of keystone species reintroduction: a literature review

The keystone species concept was introduced in 1969 in reference to top‐down regulation of communities by predators, but has expanded to include myriad species at different trophic levels. Keystone species play disproportionately large, important roles in their ecosystems, but human‐wildlife conflicts often drive population declines. Population declines have resulted in the necessity of keystone species reintroduction; however, studies of such reintroductions are rare. We conducted a literature review and found only 30 peer‐reviewed journal articles that assessed reintroduced populations of keystone species, and only 11 of these assessed ecosystem‐level effects following reintroduction. Nine of 11 publications assessing ecosystem‐level effects found evidence of resumption of keystone roles; however, these publications focus on a narrow range of species. We highlight the deficit of peer‐reviewed literature on keystone species reintroductions, and draw attention to the need for assessment of ecosystem‐level effects so that the presence, extent, and rate of ecosystem restoration driven by keystone species can be better understood.
Efficiency of Estonian grain farms in 2000-2004

The aim of this study is to analyse the efficiency of Estonian grain farms after Estonia’s transition to a market economy and during the accession period to the European Union (EU). The non-parametric method Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate the total technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of Estonian grain farms in 2000–2004. Mean total technical efficiency varied from 0.70 to 0.78. Of the grain farms 62% are operating under increasing returns to scale. Solely based on the DEA model it is not possible to determine optimum farm scale and the range of Estonian farm sizes operating efficiently is extensive. The most pure technically efficient farms were the smallest and the largest but the productivity of small farms is low compared to larger farms because of their small scale. Therefore, they are the least competitive. Since pre-accession period to the EU, large input slacks of capital have replaced the former excessive use of labour and land. This raises the question about the effects on efficiency of the EU’s investment support schemes in new member states.
Characterizing North Atlantic weather patterns for climate‐optimal aircraft routing

Daily weather patterns over the North Atlantic are classified into relevant types: typical weather patterns that may characterize the range of climate impacts from aviation in this region, for both summer and winter. The motivation is to provide a set of weather types to facilitate an investigation of climate‐optimal aircraft routing of trans‐Atlantic flights (minimizing the climate impact on a flight‐by‐flight basis). Using the New York to London route as an example, the time‐optimal route times are shown to vary by over 60 min, to take advantage of strong tailwinds or avoid headwinds, and for eastbound routes latitude correlates well with the latitude of the jet stream. The weather patterns are classified by their similarity to the North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic teleconnection patterns. For winter, five types are defined; in summer, when there is less variation in jet latitude, only three types are defined. The types can be characterized by the jet strength and position, and therefore the location of the time‐optimal routes varies by type. Simple proxies for the climate impact of carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapour and contrails are defined, which depend on parameters such as the route time, latitude and season, the time spent flying in the stratosphere, and the distance over which the air is supersaturated with respect to ice. These proxies are then shown to vary between weather types and between eastbound and westbound routes. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Title No interaction between serotonin transporter gene ( 5-HTTLPR ) polymorphism and adversity on depression among Japanese children and adolescents

Background: Identification of gene × environment interactions (G × E) for depression is a crucial step in ascertaining the mechanisms underpinning the disorder. Earlier studies have indicated strong genetic influences and numerous environmental risk factors. In relation to childhood and adolescent depression, evidence is accumulating that the quality of the parental environment is associated with serotonin biology in children. We hypothesized that maternal depression is a crucial environmental risk factor associated with serotonin-regulating genes. Methods: This study was designed to ascertain the G × E interaction for diagnosis of depression in a Japanese pediatric sample. DNA samples from 55 pediatric patients with depression and 58 healthy schoolchildren were genotyped for the 5-HTT (2 short (S) alleles at the 5-HTT locus) promoter serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism. We examined whether an adverse parental environment, operationalized as the mother’s history of recurrent major depressive disorder, interacts with 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to predict patients’ depression symptoms. Results: Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that maternal depression (adversity), gender, and FSIQ significantly affect the diagnosis of depression among children and adolescents. However, no main effect was found for adversity or genotype. Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses using stepwise procedure have elicited some models with a good fit index, which also suggests no interaction between 5-HTTLPR and adversity on depression. Conclusions: To assess G × E interaction, data obtained from children and adolescents who had been carefully diagnosed categorically and data from age-matched controls were analyzed using logistic regression. Despite an equivocal interaction effect, adversity and gender showed significant main effects.
Pharmacist Care of Patients With Heart Failure

Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, Scopus, Dissertation Abstracts, CINAHL, Pascal, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for controlled studies from database inception to August 2007. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the impact of pharmacist care activities on patients with HF (in both inpatient and outpatient settings). Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model for rates of allcause hospitalization, HF hospitalization, and mortality.
Disruption of sex pheromone communication in the blackheaded fireworm in Wisconsin cranberry marshes by using MSTR devices

J Agric Entomol 14(4): 449-457 (October, 1997) ABSTRACT The results of experiments in Wisconsin cranberry marshes by using a novel, controlled release system called the Metered Semiochemical Timed Release System, or MSTRSXM, for disrupting pheromone-source location by males of the blackheaded fireworm, Rhopobota naevana (Hiibner), are described During the first flight, disruption (trap catch reduction) of males' ability to locate synthetic sex pheromone lures containing 10 pg of the R. naevana pheromone blend averaged 95 7% in the first grower location and ' 99.6% i n a second grower location, regardless of the MSTRS deployment pattern However, disruption averaged only 81.7%, 80 7%, and 56.4% for a 12 MSTRS-per-ha cross pattern, a 5 MSTRS-per-ha perimeter pattern, and a 12 MSTRS-per-ha perimeter pattern, respectively, in the third grower site During the second flight, in which the night-only emission of pheromone was tried, disruption of trap catch averaged 86.7% in the first location overall for all MSTRS configurations, 85.4% in the second location, and 53 8% in the third and poorest disruption location Significant levels of disruption were achieved season-long regardless of the MSTRS array, bu t there was no significant difference in disruption efficacy among the three arrays No significant effect on larval infestation following the first flight was observed in the MSTRS-treated plots, but there was high sampling variability and very low infestation in the check plots, making i t difficult to discern effects of MSTRS on larval populations.
An optimal estimator for the CMB-LSS angular power spectrum and its application to WMAP and NVSS data

We use a quadratic maximum likelihood (QML) method to estimate the angular power spectrum of the cross-correlation between cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure maps as well as their individual auto-spectra. We describe our implementation of this method and demonstrate its accuracy on simulated maps. We apply this optimal estimator to Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 7-yr and National Radio Astronomical Observatory (NRAO) Very Large Array Sky Survey (NVSS) data and explore the robustness of the angular power spectrum estimates obtained by the QML method. With the correction of the declination systematics in NVSS, we can safely use most of the information contained in this survey. We then make use of the angular power spectrum estimates obtained by the QML method to derive constraints on the dark energy critical density in a flat Λ cold dark matter model by different likelihood prescriptions. When using just the cross-correlation between WMAP 7-yr and NVSS maps with 1°. 8 resolution, the best-fitting model has a cosmological constant of approximately 70 per cent of the total energy density, disfavouring an Einstein–de sitter universe at more than 2σ confidence level.
Self-sustained oscillations in variable-density round jets

The stability properties of round variable-density low-Mach-number jets are studied by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) and linear stability analysis. Fully three-dimensional DNS of variable-density jets, with and without gravity, demonstrate that the presence of buoyancy causes a more abrupt transition to turbulence. This effect helps to explain differences between normal gravity and microgravity jet diffusion flames observed in the laboratory. The complete spectrum of spatial eigenmodes of the linearized low-Mach-number equations is calculated using a global matrix method. Also, an analytic form for the continuous portion of this spectrum is derived, and used to verify the numerical method. The absolute instability of variable-density jets is confirmed using Brigg's method, and a comprehensive parametric study of the strength and frequency of this instability is performed. Effects of Reynolds number, the density ratio of ambient-to-jet fluid (S1), shear-layer thickness and Froude number are considered. Finally, a region of local absolute instability is shown to exist in the near field of the jet by applying linear stability analysis to mean profiles measured from DNS.
Applying a New Ensemble Approach to Estimating Stock Status of Marine Fisheries around the World

The exploitation status of marine fisheries stocks worldwide is of critical importance for food security, ecosystem conservation, and fishery sustainability. Applying a suite of data‐limited methods to global catch data, combined through an ensemble modeling approach, we provide quantitative estimates of exploitation status for 785 fish stocks. Fifty‐three percent (414 stocks) are below BMSY and of these, 265 are estimated to be below 80% of the BMSY level. While the 149 stocks above 80% of BMSY are conventionally considered “fully exploited,” stocks staying at this level for many years, forego substantial yield. Our results enable managers to consider more detailed information than simply a categorization of stocks as “fully” or “over” exploited. Our approach is reproducible, allows consistent application to a broad range of stocks, and can be easily updated as new data become available. Applied on an ongoing basis, this approach can provide critical, more detailed information for resource management for more exploited fish stocks than currently available.
Development of a Pixelated Detector for Clinical Positron and Single-photon Molecular Imaging

An imaging detector as a base unit for a gamma camera for dual-modality (positron and single-photon) molecular imaging is developed in this study. The imaging detector is constructed using scintillation material lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) and a position-sensitive photo-multiplier tube. Performance indices for dual-modality imaging applications are measured and the detector’s feasibility is evaluated. Since LYSO exhibits spontaneous radiation, the practicality of the unit for single-photon imaging is evaluated. The results show that mean pixel widths of 0.6 and 0.8 mm and energy resolutions of 10% and 15% are achieved for 511 keV and 122 keV gammas, respectively, with a crystal pixel size of 1.5 mm. This pixel size is shown to be an engineering limit for meeting the requirement of the two imaging modalities. The background count rate from spontaneous radiation of 69 counts per second (cps) is less than 1/10 the size of the recorded signals in pinhole-collimated imaging. It is thus concluded that the proposed LYSO-based detector unit can be applied to dual-modality molecular imaging for clinical use with outstanding performance.
Title Maintenance of stereocilia and apical junctional complexes by Cdc 42 incochlear hair cells

Cdc42 is a key regulator of dynamic actin organization. However, little is known about how Cdc42-dependent actin regulation influences steady-state actin structures in differentiated epithelia. We employed inner ear hair-cell-specific conditional knockout to analyze the role of Cdc42 in hair cells possessing highly elaborate stable actin protrusions (stereocilia). Hair cells of Atoh1–Cre;Cdc42 mice developed normally but progressively degenerated after maturation, resulting in progressive hearing loss particularly at high frequencies. Cochlear hair cell degeneration was more robust in inner hair cells than in outer hair cells, and began as stereocilia fusion and depletion, accompanied by a thinning and waving circumferential actin belt at apical junctional complexes (AJCs). Adenovirus-encoded GFP–Cdc42 expression in hair cells and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging of hair cells from transgenic mice expressing a Cdc42-FRETbiosensor indicated Cdc42 presence and activation at stereociliary membranes and AJCs in cochlear hair cells. Cdc42-knockdown in MDCK cells produced phenotypes similar to those of Cdc42-deleted hair cells, including abnormal microvilli and disrupted AJCs, and downregulated actin turnover represented by enhanced levels of phosphorylated cofilin. Thus, Cdc42 influenced the maintenance of stable actin structures through elaborate tuning of actin turnover, and maintained function and viability of cochlear hair cells.
The formation of an inner slag layer during the dissolution of MgO particles in ladle slag

The presence of nonmetallic inclusions is a significant problem during clean steel production. One of the major tasks in steelmaking is to control the amount, size, and distribution of inclusions, as well as to removing them from molten steel as much as possible. In this present work, four types of slag with different basicity, MgO and Al2O3 content were used to simulate the ladle refining slag. The effects of slag composition and temperature on the dissolution rate of MgO particles were investigated using the direct dissolution method. The experimental results show that the dissolution rate of MgO particles strongly depends on the slag compositions and temperature. During dissolution process, once spinel product forms around the MgO core, the dissolution rate decreases remarkably. The formation and function of the inner slag layer between the MgO core and the spinel product were investigated in detail. The inner slag was possible to act as a transfer passage for Mg element from the MgO core to the spinel product. The rate-limiting step of MgO dissolution was determined by the diffusion of spinel product toward the bulk slag.
A novel TMPRSS 3 missense mutation in a DFNB 8 / 10 family prevents proteolytic activation of the protein WATTENHOFER

Pathogenic mutations in TMPRSS3, which encodes a transmembrane serine protease, cause non-syndromic deafness DFNB8/10. Missense mutations map in the low density-lipoprotein receptor A (LDLRA), scavenger-receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR), and protease domains of the protein, indicating that all domains are important for its function. TMPRSS3 undergoes proteolytic cleavage and activates the ENaC sodium channel in a Xenopus oocyte model system. To assess the importance of this gene in non-syndromic childhood or congenital deafness in Turkey, we screened for mutations affected members of 25 unrelated Turkish families. The three families with the highest LOD score for linkage to chromosome 21q22.3 were shown to harbor P404L, R216L, or Q398X mutations, suggesting that mutations in TMPRSS3 are a considerable contributor to non-syndromic deafness in the Turkish population. The mutant TMPRSS3 harboring the novel R216L missense mutation within the predicted cleavage site of the protein fails to undergo proteolytic cleavage and is unable to activate ENaC, thus providing evidence that pre-cleavage of TMPRSS3 is mandatory for
A modeling approach to evaluate the uncertainty in estimating the evaporation behaviour and volatility of organic aerosols

Abstract. The uncertainty in determining the volatility behaviour of organic particles from thermograms using calibration curves and a kinetic model has been evaluated. In the analysis, factors such as re-condensation, departure from equilibrium and analysis methodology were considered as potential sources of uncertainty in deriving volatility distribution from thermograms obtained with currently used thermodenuder designs. The previously found empirical relationship between C* (saturation concentration) and T50 (temperature at which 50% of aerosol mass evaporates) was theoretically interpreted and tested to infer volatility distributions from experimental thermograms. The presented theoretical analysis shows that this empirical equation is in fact an equilibrium formulation, whose applicability is lessened as measurements deviate from equilibrium. While using a calibration curve between C* and T50 to estimate volatility properties was found to hold at equilibrium, significant underestimation was obtained under kinetically-controlled evaporation conditions. Because thermograms obtained at ambient aerosol loading levels are most likely to show departure from equilibrium, the application of a kinetic evaporation model is more suitable for inferring volatility properties of atmospheric samples than the calibration curve approach; however, the kinetic model analysis implies significant uncertainty, due to its sensitivity to the assumption of "effective" net kinetic evaporation and condensation coefficients. The influence of re-condensation on thermograms from the thermodenuder designs under study was found to be highly dependent on the particular experimental condition, with a significant potential to affect volatility estimations for aerosol mass loadings >50 μg m−3 and with increasing effective kinetic coefficient for condensation and decreasing particle size. These results show that the geometry of current thermodenuder systems should be modified to prevent re-condensation.
Comparative analysis of male germ cell proliferation and apoptosis in wild and captive Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.)

Summary The most commonly observed reproductive dysfunction in male fishes reared in captivity is reduction in sperm volume and quality. The Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (Osteichthyes: Scombridae) is one of the few large pelagic and migratory marine fishes maintained in captivity with the purpose of establishing breeding populations to support an aquaculture industry. The objectives of the present study were to compare male germ cell proliferation and apoptosis between wild and captive individuals at two different phases of the spermatogenetic cycle, and to evaluate sperm motility characteristics of captive individuals. Histological observations were performed to analyze testicular activity, and germ cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated through the immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated d'UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, respectively. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was used to evaluate sperm motility. Results showed that germ cell proliferation was delayed and germ cell apoptosis increased in captive animals relative to wild individuals. Sperm motility of samples obtained from captive individuals was anomalous, both in terms of motility duration and swimming efficiency. Thus it appears that rearing in captivity impairs male reproductive function through, at least, changes in germ cell proliferation and apoptosis.