Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of solidification behaviour of peritectic steels

Casting of peritectic steels is often associated with defects such as cracking that may lead to breakouts. Such defects have technical and financial disadvantages. There are many arguments about the reason for the defect formation in peritectic steels. The principal purpose of the present research is to gain a further understanding for the cause of the defect formation during solidification of peritectic steels, which may help to improve the castability of peritectic steels. The main finding of this thesis is that the solidification behaviour of peritectic steels differs significantly in comparison to non-peritectic steels and pure iron. Peritectic steels have been historically hard to characterise via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) due to the multiple phase transformations (DSC only gives information on if a transformation is occurring, not which phase). One of the findings of this research is that it explains what was previously reported to be an undercooled peritectic reaction of the DSC cooling plot is, in fact, the bulk transformation of the solute poor dendrite cores from delta-ferrite (δ) to austenite (γ). This observation allowed to quantify the latent heat associated with the solidification and showed that peritectic steel release 38% more heat compared to the non-peritectic. The DSC results also showed that the amount of undercooling of δ to γ transformation in peritectic steels is measured to be greater (75°C) compared to non-peritectic steels (32-35°C). A significant difference was seen on shrinkage behaviour of steels with different cooling rates. However, little difference in shrinkage was found between peritectic and non-peritectic steels. Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) has shown the presence of remelting of peritectic steels at all cooling rates tested, although no remelting was observed in non-peritectic steels. The technique of combining CSLM and infrared thermography that was used for the first time in this research allowed observing the non-uniform and poor heat extraction during solidification of peritectic steels.
The characterisation of InSb quantum well heterostructures by electrical measurement

Condensed Matter and Photonics Group Cardiff School of Physics & Astronomy Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) This thesis describes both experimental and theoretical work on the electronic transport properties of 30 nm InSb/AlInSb quantum well 2DEG heterostructures. Advances in the epitaxial growth of large lattice constant III-V materials using mismatched substrates like GaAs or Si has generated renewed interest in developing high mobility devices. Similarly, narrow gap semiconductors are promising candidates for the advancement of spintronic devices taking advantage of their extreme material parameters, such as the small effective mass and large effective Landé g-factor. An investigation of the low temperature Hall effect and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of asymmetrically doped InSb quantum well heterostructures has been made to determine the scattering mechanisms present for carriers in the 2D system. Modelling these oscillations by calculation of the density of states at the Fermi energy as a function of magnetic field was performed to analyse the effects of parameter variation on the observed oscillation. Application of a dielectric layer and gate electrode to the material surface has allowed for a carrier density dependent investigation of the transport properties to be performed. These investigations have provided a detailed understanding of the transport limiting scattering mechanisms over a range of carrier densities and temperatures. A novel study of the current-voltage characteristics of high resistance contacts has been performed to investigate the energetic distribution of electron states in the quantum well under the application of large magnetic fields. Clear Landau level quantisation of the 2D density of states for the first subband of the quantum well has been observed. Analysis of the high field asymmetry of the fundamental Landau level has revealed the presence of significant spin dependent broadening within the heterostructure, which has previously been suggested to exist from an asymmetry of the Fourier transform of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation. Dedicated to my Grandmother, whose inexorable faith and support has got me where I am today.
A STUDY OF READING GENRES AND QUESTIONS IN THAI AND ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS FOR O-NET EXAMINATIONS

Reading is one of English skills that students have to learn since in primary school until university. However, the result of the national examination in Thailand for English subjects seems unsatisfied, which reading part occupies the largest portion. This study aims to find out the differences and similarities in reading sections of English textbooks and O-NET and GAT examinations in terms of genre and type of questions. Reading passages and questions were analyzed based on Derewianka’s linguistic features of genres and Nuttall’s taxonomy of questions. Text organization and linguistic features were shown in each text on the right and left respectively to identify the genres. The findings show the dominance of information report in the textbooks and examinations. Although literal comprehension questions are dominant in the textbooks, reinterpretation questions also appear in the examinations. Therefore, materials writers should develop materials to help students improve their ability in reading a range of texts for their future education and functional roles in their lives.
How did the Virgo cluster form

While the Virgo cluster is the nearest galaxy cluster and therefore the best observed one, little is known about its formation history. In this paper, a set of cosmological simulations that resemble the Local Universe is used to shed the first light on this mystery. The initial conditions for these simulations are constrained with galaxy peculiar velocities of the second catalog of the Cosmicflows project using algorithms developed within the Constrained Local UniversE Simulation project. Boxes of 500 Mpc/h on a side are set to run a series of dark matter only constrained simulations. In each simulation, a unique dark matter halo can be reliably identified as Virgo's counterpart. The properties of these Virgo halos are in agreement at a 10-20% level with the global properties of the observed Virgo cluster. Their zero-velocity masses agree at one-sigma with the observational mass estimate. In all the simulations, the matter falls onto the Virgo objects along a preferential direction that corresponds to the observational filament and the slowest direction of collapse. A study of the mass accretion history of the Virgo candidates reveals the most likely formation history of the Virgo cluster, namely a quiet accretion over the last 7 Gigayears.
Enhancing bone healing in calvarial critical size defect using Ozone gel: histological and Histomorphometric analysis.

The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the hypothesis that Ozone gel will accelerate bone healing in a critical size defect model experimentally created in rabbit calvaria when mixed with autografts in comparison to autogenous grafts per se. Materials and Methods: A total of twelve adult male New Zealand Rabbits were included in the study. A total of 24 grafts were harvested from 12 animals, each graft was crushed using a special bone mill device. After bone milling, each bone graft was collected in a special sterile container, twelve grafts were mixed with the normal saline solution (control group) and each one of the rest of the grafts was mixed with ozone gel. Animals were sacrificed at 7 and 14 days’ post-surgery, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were performed for the skull of the rabbits and bone specimens were collected for histological examination. Results: Histomorphometric analysis showed superior results in favor of the ozone-treated group represented as a significantly higher percentage of normal osteocytes and marked increase in area percentage of the new bone formation. Additionally, DEXA scan revealed a significant increase in bone mineral density and bone mineral concentration of the ozone-treated group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The use of ozone gel may be cost-effective and convenient owing to its ease of preparation. It is recommended to be used with routine bone grafting procedures.
Galaxy formation hydrodynamics: From cosmic flows to star-forming clouds

Abstract Major progress has been made over the last few years in understanding hydrodynamical processes on cosmological scales, in particular how galaxies get their baryons. There is increasing recognition that a large part of the baryons accrete smoothly onto galaxies, and that internal evolution processes play a major role in shaping galaxies – mergers are not necessarily the dominant process. However, predictions from the various assembly mechanisms are still in large disagreement with the observed properties of galaxies in the nearby Universe. Small-scale processes have a major impact on the global evolution of galaxies over a Hubble time and the usual sub-grid models account for them in a far too uncertain way. Understanding when, where and at which rate galaxies formed their stars becomes crucial to understand the formation of galaxy populations. I discuss recent improvements and current limitations in “resolved” modeling of star formation, aiming at explicitly capturing star-forming instabilities, in cosmological and galaxy-sized simulations. Such models need to develop three-dimensional turbulence in the ISM, which requires parsec-scale resolution at redshift zero.
Seismic strengthening of masonry walls using bamboo components

Bamboo is a sustainable green material and has been gradually applied in the construction industry; however, little research on strengthening masonry structures with bamboo has been carried out. In this article, strengthening methods using bamboo were developed including bamboo grid reinforced cement mortar layer, externally bonded bamboo mats, additional confining horizontal bamboo reinforced concrete band beams, and bamboo strips placed in mortar joints. Ten masonry walls were designed including two reference walls. Experimental results showed that all the strengthening methods can improve certain aspects of the seismic performance of masonry walls. The shear strength, deformability, and energy dissipation capacity of masonry walls strengthened with bamboo grid reinforced cement mortar and externally bonded bamboo mats were the most improved. The limit states of tested walls were discussed. Strengthened masonry structures with bamboo components are promising methods and can be used especially in remote areas.
The Ramanujan Property for Simplicial Complexes

Let $G$ be a topological group acting on a simplicial complex $\mathcal{X}$ satisfying some mild assumptions. For example, consider a $k$-regular tree and its automorphism group, or more generally, a regular affine Bruhat-Tits building and its automorphism group. We define and study various types of high-dimensional spectra of quotients of $\mathcal{X}$ by subgroups of $G$. These spectra include the spectrum of many natural operators associated with the quotients, e.g. the high-dimensional Laplacians. We prove a theorem in the spirit of the Alon-Boppana Theorem, leading to a notion of Ramanujan quotients of $\mathcal{X}$. Ramanujan $k$-regular graphs and Ramanuajn complexes in the sense of Lubotzky, Samuels and Vishne are Ramanujan in dimension $0$ according to our definition (for $\mathcal{X}$, $G$ suitably chosen). We give a criterion for a quotient of $\mathcal{X}$ to be Ramanujan which is phrased in terms of representations of $G$, and use it, together with deep results about automorphic representations, to show that affine buildings of inner forms of $\mathbf{GL}_n$ over local fields of positive characteristic admit infinitely many quotients which are Ramanujan in all dimensions. The Ramanujan (in dimension $0$) complexes constructed by Lubotzky, Samuels and Vishne arise as a special case of our construction. Our construction also gives rise to Ramanujan graphs which are apparently new. Other applications are also discussed. For example, we show that there are non-isomorphic simiplicial complexes which are isospectral in all dimensions.
Apparatus and Methods for a New Measurement of the Electron and Positron Magnetic Moments

This thesis presents contributions to two precision measurement experiments: electron and positron g/2, and ATRAP antihydrogen spectroscopy. The magnetic moment of the electron in Bohr magnetons, g/2, is the most precisely measured fundamental property of an elementary particle, with an uncertainty of 0.28 parts per trillion. Positron g/2 is known a factor of 15 less precisely. Improvements in positron g/2 will improve on the best test of charge-parity-time (CPT) symmetry in leptons. Electron g/2 provides the most precise determination of ↵, the fine structure constant. The comparison of this value with an independent measurement of ↵ is the most precise test of the Standard Model of particle physics. A new apparatus has been built for making improved positron and electron g/2 measurements by performing quantum jump spectroscopy between the lowest quantum states of either particle trapped in a 100 mK cylindrical Penning trap. In this new apparatus, single cyclotron transitions of a single electron have been driven and detected in the precision measurement trap, and positrons have been trapped in a dedicated positron accumulation trap. This thesis describes progress toward improved g/2 measurements in this new apparatus. A new pulsed positron transfer system addresses significant challenges in transferring positrons into the precision measureiii ment trap without compromising the single-particle detection system and control of the resonant microwave cavity mode structure. Helium is recovered, pressure tightly controlled, and vibrations mitigated in cryogen spaces critical for magnetic field stability. A parametric cavity mode detection technique for systematic g/2 corrections is demonstrated for the first time in the new apparatus. ATRAP is an experiment that aims to test CPT symmetry through precision spectroscopy of trapped antihydrogen. This thesis describes analytical quench propagation predictions and a new quick-turnoff system for ATRAP’s Ioffe trap. These systems are important both for antihydrogen detection and for the protection of magnets in case of quenches.
CAMILA SAMPAIO CUTRIM SOBREVIVÊNCIA DA Escherichia coli O157:H7 EM IOGURTE COM BAIXO

The consumer market demands increasingly functional foods with additional benefits to nutrition. The dairy products are excellent sources of these benefits as they are present in the routine diet of the population in various forms of consumption, including different target audiences and different purchasing power. However, some individuals are intolerant to lactose, the main carbohydrate in milk, which is also present in fermented products, leading to a great loss to the dairy product’s market and a food restriction to the consumer. In this way, studies related to the incorporation of the enzyme β-galactosidase and the behavior of lactic bacteria in relation to the inhibitory effect against pathogenic microorganisms should be performed to enable the development of a class of foods that meet the assumptions exposed, as well as the requirements of legislation and also suitable microbiological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics. Considering the above, the objective of this work was to verify the effect of the reduction of lactose on the viability of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in yogurts produced with cow's milk. From results of the first experiment (Article 1) it was observed that an initial contamination of milk enhance E. coli O157:H7 counts during fermentation (from 4.34 log cfu.mL to 6.13 log cfu.mL in traditional yogurt and 6.16 log cfu.mLin low lactose yogurt) and changes the characteristics of yogurts during fermentation process, with a lot of air bubbles formation and syneresis.These results were decisive for the development of the second experiment (Article 2) in which it was used a different inoculation method and it was observed that an initial contamination of milk by E. coli O157:H7 enhance its counts during fermentation. It was also noted that E. coli was able to survive for 10 days in yogurt with whole and pre hydrolyzed milk and for 22 days in yogurt from free lactose milk.
Second Language Reading in a CALL Environment: The effect of annotation use and the role of working memory

• Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. • You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from their thesis.
Characterization of cut resistance and comfort properties of protective gloves based on different materials

Abstract In this study, it is aimed to characterize the mechanical and comfort properties of para-aramid protective gloves integrated with yarns having high comfort properties. For this purpose, different gloves have been designed with the combination of para-aramid and Type A (a blend of 85% polyester and 15% cotton fibres), Type B (polyester yarn with a cross-shaped cross section) or Type C (a channeled polyester yarn) yarns by using plating knitting technique. Cut resistance, body movement comfort (elasticity), thermo-physiological comfort (air permeability, thermal conductivity and water vapor permeability—WVP) and moisture management properties of these gloves were tested and evaluated statistically. The results revealed that fabric produced with para-aramid yarns in the face and back sides (P/Pb) exhibits higher cut protection performance. Since these fabrics have lower elasticity, moisture transport capacity, thermal conductivity and WVP values, the use of para-aramid yarn as inner layer of the fabric (next to skin) leads to an uncomfortable feeling. Using Type C yarn as back material (next to skin) provides enhanced characteristics in terms of thermo-physiological comfort and moisture transport capacity. Also this fabric supports body movement comfort with a good elasticity property while its cut protection performance preserves at the same level like fabric produced with para-aramid yarns in the face and back sides (P/Pb).
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Phenanthroline for Cast Iron in Acid Solution

The corrosion inhibition of cast iron in 1 M HCl by Phenanthroline (Phen) was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface analysis and theoretical calculations. It is found that Phen exhibits high inhibition activity towards the corrosive action of HCl and its adsorption obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The results showed that inhibition efficiency increases with Phen concentration up to a maximum value of 96% at 1.4 mM, and decreases slightly with the increase in temperature. The free adsorption energy value indicates that Phen adsorbs on cast iron surface in 1 M HCl via a simultaneous physisorption and chemisorption mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of a protective film on cast iron surface, resulting in the improvement of its corrosion resistance in the studied aggressive solution. Quantum chemical calculations at the DFT level were achieved to correlate electronic structure parameters of Phen molecules with their adsorption mode.
Fabrication and Characterization of Gelatin/Carbon Black–Based Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications

Neural tissue engineering has recently emerged as an alternative strategy to repair nerve damage and promote nerve regeneration. It involves the fabrication of scaffolds with properties mimicking those of the natural extracellular matrix for guiding a three-dimensional (3D) neural regeneration. These engineered constructs, in addition to mechanical support, should be also capable of providing proper chemical and electrical stimuli for adhesion, migration, and proliferation of the neural cells. In this study, we developed conductive composite hydrogel films based on gelatin and carbon black (CB) as scaffolds for neural tissue engineering applications. The presented hydrogel constructs were fabricated in the form of films using the solvent casting method after dispersing several concentrations of CB in a 5 % (w/v) gelatin solution along with (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as the crosslinking agent at a concentration of 1.84 % (v/v). The CB concentrations of 0.3 %, 0.5 %, 0.7 %, and 0.9 % (w/w) with respect to the gelatin amount were chosen. The morphological, compositional, swelling, dissolution, electrical, mechanical, and wettability properties together were characterized as function of CB content and compared with those of pure gelatin-based hydrogel. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of different quantities of CB relatively reduced the water uptake capability of the films and increased the stability in water of the gelatin matrix. Findings from the mechanical tests revealed that composite hydrogels have a lower elastic modulus with respect to the pure gelatin matrix. Moreover, it was found that the incorporation of incremental CB concentrations kept the wettability surface property unchanged while the electrical characterization of the proposed structures showed a reduction of the electrical impedance. Overall, the study suggests that the composite structures could be used as a potential candidate for fabrication of scaffolds for neural regeneration with tunable electrical and mechanical properties by varying the CB concentration in a finite range.
Effect of Rare-Earth Element Oxides on Diamond Crystallization in Mg-Based Systems

Diamond crystallization in Mg-R2O3-C systems (R = Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) was studied at 7.8 GPa and 1800 °C. It was found that rare-earth oxide additives in an amount of 10 wt % did not significantly affect both the degree of graphite-to-diamond conversion and crystal morphology relative to the Mg-C system. The effect of higher amounts of rare-earth oxide additives on diamond crystallization was studied for a Mg-Sm2O3-C system with a Sm2O3 content varied from 0 to 50 wt %. It was established that with an increase in the Sm2O3 content in the growth system, the degree of graphite-to-diamond conversion decreased from 80% at 10% Sm2O3 to 0% at 40% Sm2O3. At high Sm2O3 contents (40 and 50 wt %), instead of diamond, mass crystallization of metastable graphite was established. The observed changes in the degree of the graphite-to-diamond conversion, the changeover of diamond crystallization to the crystallization of metastable graphite, and the changes in diamond crystal morphology with increasing the Sm2O3 content attested the inhibiting effect of rare-earth oxides on diamond crystallization processes in the Mg-Sm-O-C system. The crystallized diamonds were studied by a suite of optical spectroscopy techniques, and the major characteristics of their defect and impurity structures were revealed. For diamond crystals produced with 10 wt % and 20 wt % Sm2O3 additives, a specific photoluminescence signal comprising four groups of lines centered at approximately 580, 620, 670, and 725 nm was detected, which was tentatively assigned to emission characteristic of Sm3+ ions.