Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ampicillin in the Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae Infections of the Respiratory Tract

The role of Haemophilus influenzae as the most important pathogenic bacterium in chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis is now widely accepted. This organism is sensitive to a number of antibiotics, andits temporary suppression in the respiratory tract usually presents no great difficulty. Unfortunately, however, infections caused by it show a strong tendency to relapse when chemotherapy is stopped, and for this reason antibiotics are often administered continuously for long periods, especially during the winter months, to patients who are particularly liable to infection. The antibiotic most commonly used for long-term chemotherapy is tetracycline, and many patients derive striking benefit from it. As a rule, however, this benefit lasts for little longer than the duration of the therapy, even if this is given for many months (May, 1958). A possible alternative to tetracycline appeared with the advent of ampicillin (alpha-amino benzyl penicillin, Penbritin). This is a derivative of 6aminopenicillanic acid; it differs from other penicillins in that it is active against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria in addition to the usual Gram-positive ones (Rolinson and Stevens, 1961). H. influenzae was reported by Rolinson and Stevens and by Stewart, Coles, Nixon, and Holt (1961) to be slightly more sensitive to ampicillin than to penicillin G, and the former workers also indicated that ampicillin was more active than tetracycline against this organism. These observations, together with the demonstration of a powerful bactericidal activity of ampicillin against Bacterium coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a concentration only five to 10 times the bacteriostatic level (Rolinson and Stevens, 1961), suggested that this antibiotic might be able to kill H. influenzae in the bronchial tree, rather than merely to inhibit it, as does tetracycline. Several investigators have in fact reported encouraging results of trials of ampicillin in H. influenzae respiratory infections (Ayliffe and Pride, 1962; Grant, Douglas, and Murray, 1962; Lockey, Eaton, and Compston, 1962; Trafford, Maclaren, Lillicrap, Barnes, Houston, and Knox, 1962; Millard and Batten, 1963), but none mentions the progress of the patients after therapy was stopped. This seems to us to be an important omission, since we believe that a new antibiotic can contribute significantly to progress in this field only if a relapse of infection does not occur rapidly after treatment. It is to this aspect, therefore, that we have given most attention in the investigation reported here.
Touch Impression Cytology Versus Frozen Section as Intraoperative Consultation Diagnosis

The efficacy of Touch Imprint Cytology in the diagnosis of various pathological processes was evaluated and compared with Frozen Section in intraoperative consultation. We examined 60 cases from various sites of the body that were referred for intraoperative consultation. All cases were analyzed by Touch Imprint Cytology followed by Frozen section. We found diagnostic accuracy of both procedures comparable. The diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions by combined procedures was 100%. There were no false positive or false negative cases. For diagnosing specific subtypes of malignancy, the diagnostic accuracy of each method alone was 96.6% with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 100% and the combined sensitivity 90%. Touch Imprint Cytology provided better cellular morphology and fewer artifacts. On the other hand Frozen Sections provided more tissue architectural details but frequently hampered by freezing artifacts. We conclude that both Touch Imprint Cytology and Frozen Sections are dependable intraoperative consultation diagnostic modalities. Touch Imprint Cytology alone may provide a correct diagnosis in vast majority of cases with minimal expense and without the need of sophisticated cryostat machine thus making it quite suitable for many hospitals where cryostat machines are not available.
Blood conservation techniques and platelet function in cardiac surgery.

Postoperative alterations in platelet function induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are of importance. The effect on platelet aggregation of three different techniques for reducing blood consumption was studied in 30 patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass grafting from the beginning of anesthesia until the 1st postoperative day. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, in which 1) a cell separator was used during and after CPB; 2) a hemofiltration device was used; and 3) high-dose aprotinin was used in order to reduce the need of homologous blood. A fourth group undergoing neurosurgery procedures served as a control. Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (concentration 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 microM), collagen (4 microliters/ml), and epinephrine (25 microM) was determined by the turbidimetric method. Platelet aggregation was not significantly changed in the control group, indicating that the operation itself did not impair platelet function. At the end of the operation (after retransfusion of the salvaged pump blood), the maximum aggregation and maximum gradient of aggregation induced by all three inductors were most reduced (significantly) in the cell-separator patients. On the 1st postoperative day, platelet aggregation in the hemofiltration patients and the patients treated with aprotinin had normalized. Aggregation of patients pretreated with high-dose aprotinin was not different from that of the hemofiltration patients throughout the investigation. Blood loss was significantly highest in the cell-separator group (770 +/- 400 ml on the 1st postoperative day) but was not different between the hemofiltration (390 +/- 230 ml) and the aprotinin-treated patients (260 +/- 160 ml). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ASBESTOSIS AND PRIMARY INTRATHORACIC NEOPLASMS

The purpose of this paper is to describe one aspect of a study, which has been continued over many years by the Medical Branch of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Factories of the Ministry of Labour, of information on certificates of death relating to certain conditions which although not notifiable to the Inspectorate, have or may have an occupational causation. Among these conditions is fibrosis of the lung including pneumoconiosis in general and asbestosis in particular. In such cases, note has also been made of any coincident lung pathology.
CD40 Ligand-Mediated Interactions Are Involved in the Generation of Memory CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) but Are Not Required for the Maintenance of CTL Memory following Virus Infection

ABSTRACT CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a key role in the control of many virus infections, and the need for vaccines to elicit strong CD8+ T-cell responses in order to provide optimal protection in such infections is increasingly apparent. However, the mechanisms involved in the induction and maintenance of CD8+ CTL memory are currently poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the involvement of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-mediated interactions in these processes by analyzing the memory CTL response of CD40L-deficient mice following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The maintenance of memory CD8+ CTL precursors (CTLp) at stable frequencies over time was not impaired in CD40L-deficient mice. By contrast, the initial generation of memory CTLp was affected. CD40L-deficient mice produced lower levels of CD8+ CTLp during the primary immune response to LCMV than did wild-type controls, despite the fact that the LCMV-specific effector CTL response of CD40L-deficient mice was indistinguishable from that of control animals. The differentiation of naı̈ve CD8+ T cells into effector and memory CTL thus involves pathways that can be discriminated from each other by their requirement for CD40L-mediated interactions. Expression of CD40L by CTLp themselves was not an essential step during their expansion and differentiation from naı̈ve CD8+ cells into memory CTLp; instead, the reduction in memory CTLp generation in CD40L-deficient mice was likely a consequence of defects in the CD4+ T-cell response mounted by these animals. These results thus suggest a previously unappreciated role for CD40L in the generation of CD8+ memory CTLp, the probable nature of which is discussed.
The concomitant coronary vasodilator and positive inotropic actions of the nitroxyl donor Angeli's salt in the intact rat heart: contribution of soluble guanylyl cyclase‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms

The NO redox sibling nitroxyl (HNO) elicits soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)‐dependent vasodilatation. HNO has high reactivity with thiols, which is attributed with HNO‐enhanced left ventricular (LV) function. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the concomitant vasodilatation and inotropic actions induced by a HNO donor, Angeli's salt (sodium trioxodinitrate), were sGC‐dependent and sGC‐independent respectively.
Anal Apocrine Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract: Apocrine carcinoma (AC) is an extremely rare skin appendage tumor, which is located at lower dermal and subcutaneous tissue. We report a case of an anal AC arising from an apocrine adenoma in the anal region, which is only the second case reported in this region. A 71-year-old male presented to clinic with soreness in the anal region for 6 weeks. An excisional biopsy was performed. Histologically, the lesion was poorly circumscribed, infiltrative, and was composed of small to medium sized glands extending to the surgical margins. There were centrally dilated large glands with duct-like openings into the mucosal surface. The larger central glands contain periodic acid-Schiff–positive eosinophilic acellular secretions. At the periphery, there were smaller glands with significant cytologic atypia and numerous mitoses. A diagnosis of AC was made making it the second case report of this very rare malignancy in this region. Although ACs usually do not have a fatal outcome, there have been case reports of distant metastases and even death from this disease, making histologic distinction of this malignancy from a benign apocrine adenoma important. Wide local excision is typically the treatment of choice, although Mohs micrographic surgery has also been used with similar success.
Family Influences on Adolescents’ Birth Control and Condom Use, Likelihood of Sexually Transmitted Infections

This study explored the relationships among personal factors, family structure and family function, adolescents’ self-efficacy for safe sex, and sexual behaviors among sexually active adolescents. A subset sample from the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was selected for this exploratory secondary data analysis. Hierarchal and logistic regressions were conducted to explore the relationships among personal factors, family factors, and adolescents’ self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) over time. Findings suggest that adolescents’ racial/ethnic background, parents’ disapproving attitudes, and family connectedness are significant predictors for birth control and condom use among adolescents. Although adolescents’ personal factor and family structure play a role in their sexual behavior, positive family function significantly protects adolescents from STIs over time. School nurses can provide a vital point of care for at-risk adolescents by finding ways to encourage and incorporate parental and familial influences.
Backlash vibration suppression in torsional system based on the fractional order Q-filter of disturbance observer

In this paper, a fractional order Q-filter 1/(Ts+1)/sup /spl alpha// is introduced to substitute the integer order Q-filter 1/(/spl tau/s+1)/sup n/ used in conventional disturbance observer for speed control of torsional system. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that changing the Q-filter's order fractionally can give a more effective way to adjust control system's frequency and time responses than just tuning it among integer orders. The tradeoff between stability margin loss and the strength of vibration suppression is a common problem in torsional system control. By introducing fractional order control (FOC) approach, control system can be designed more straightforwardly since control system's frequency responses can be altered between integer order control (IOC) system's continuously, while less control parameters are needed to be decided. Design process and experimental results demonstrate that an "EASY & STRAIGHTFORWARD DESIGN" can be achieved by introducing FOC control design concept. For implementation of the fractional order Q-filter, broken-line approximation method is applied. Even the realization issues for fractional order controllers are somewhat problematic. Experiment results show that the controllers can actually be realized quite acceptably.
High temperature operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMT

We investigated high temperature operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. At channel temperature of 269 degC, a linear gain of 12.3 dB and a power added efficiency of 53.6% were achieved at 2.14 GHz, less than 50 V operations. These are sufficient performance to practical application. At channel temperature of 368 degC, the linear gain was 10.4 dB and a power added efficiency of 43.9% was achieved. We also investigated the temperature dependence of equivalent circuit values, and found that the temperature dependence of saturated output power and the linear gain is originated from the temperature dependence of electron velocity in the channel.
LH effect on the pattern of steroidogenesis in cultured Graafian follicles of the rat: dependence on macromolecular synthesis.

Graafian follicles explanted from proestrous rats before the preovulatory gonadotropin surge secreted predominantly 17beta-estradiol, and only small amounts of progestins and androgens, during 12 h of culture in hormone-free medium. Addition of ovine luteinizing hormone (NIH-LH-S18; 0.1-1.0 mug/ml) to the medium stimulated within 1-2 h the rate of accumulation of these steroids. However, accumulation of androstenedione and estradiol ceased after 4-6 h in the LH-treated cultures, whereas progesterone continued to accumulate and became the major secretory product at 6-12 h. Incubation of the follicles with LH for only 5 min resulted in significant stimulation of the accumulation of progesterone, androstenedione and estradiol during a subsequent 6-h culture period in hormone-free medium containing antibodies to LH; 30 min exposure to the hormone sufficed to elicit a maximal steroidogenic response and to induce ovum maturation in 95% of the follicles. Addition of actinomycin D (act D; 8 mug/ml) within the first hour after exposure of follicles to LH suppressed the LH-effect on progesterone but augmented the LH effect on estradiol accumulation; when addition of this inhibitor was delayed until 2 h, progesterone accumulation continued unabated for a further 10 h. By contrast, puromycin (80 mug/ml) inhibited progesterone accumulation when added to the medium at any time (1, 2 or 3 h) after the hormone. It is suggested that (i) a short-lived protein is essential for the stimulatory effect of LH on follicular steroidogenesis; (ii) the act D-sensitive product (mRNA? ) required for the production of this protein is synthesized in adequate amount during the first 2 h of LH action, and is stable for at least 10 h; and (iii) LH may stimulate the production of an additional act D-sensitive regulatory protein that inhibits enzymes engaged in the cleavage of the 17-side-chain of progesterone, or cells equipped with these enzymes.
Caracterización de la cecina de vacuno elaborada en la provincia de León

La composición de la cecina de vacuno elaborada en la Provincia de León es la siguiente: 52.44% de humedad; 9.93% de grasa sobre extracto seco (ES); 75.05% de proteina sobre ES; 19.93% de cenizas sobre ES; 15.01% de sal sobre ES; 0.42% de hidroxiprolina sobre ES; 0.44% de acidez titulable; 1820 rmg/100 g. de nitrógeno no proteico sobre ES; 865 mg/100 g de aminoácidos libres totales; 257 mg/100 g de péptidos totales sobre ES y 245 mg/100 g. de amoniaco sobre ES. La actividad de agua fue de 0.86 y el pH de 6.11.
Neurovascular anatomy of the rectus femoris flap in the rabbit

The rectus femoris muscle in the rabbit represents a reliable flap for experimental work in many aspects of microsurgery. The operative exposure of the flap is often tricky for those unfamiliar with the anatomy, as is isolation of its neurovascular pedicle. Experience with 59 consecutive rectus femoris flaps demonstrated five separate patterns of arteral and venous pedicles. The nervous anatomy was found to be constant. Once recognized, these vessel patterns can be used to facilitate pedicle dissection, thus minimizing intraoperative mistakes which may endanger the viability of the flap. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:395–401 2003
Assessment of the histological characteristics of coronary arterial plaque with severe calcification.

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that rotational atherectomy (RA) is associated with higher rates of the slow-flow phenomenon and that ablated particles may be the possible cause. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has an intrinsic limitation in assessing plaque morphology behind the calcification because of acoustic shadowing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate plaque characteristics behind severe calcification by histological examination. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred eight coronary arterial segments from 40 human cadavers (24 males, 16 females, mean age 74+/-7 years) were examined. Serial images of IVUS were obtained and 18 severe calcified lesions were collected. Experienced observers quantitatively analyzed the lesions by computerized planimetry for fibrous, fibrofatty, calcification, and necrotic tissue area. Histologically, 15 of 18 severely calcified lesions (83%) had an extensive necrotic tissue containing large numbers of cholesterol crystals and microcalcifications; 16 of same 18 severely calcified lesions (89%) had fibrofatty tissue as well as calcification. The necrotic tissue occupied 14+/-13% and fibrofatty tissue occupied 13+/-11% of severely calcified lesions. CONCLUSION Necrotic core and fibrofatty tissue components "hidden" behind calcification might cause emboli-induced thrombus formation and distal flow disturbance during RA.
Sometimes help may not be enough.

In this issue of AIDS, Robbins et al. (pp. 1121–1126) report that vaccination with an envelope (gp120)depleted inactivated HIV vaccine in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant was able to induce CD4 T cell proliferative responses in five out of five immunized HIV-infected individuals. These findings demonstrate that HIV-specific T helper responses can be generated by vaccination in HIV-infected patients who failed to develop or restore them once viral replication was controlled by combination antiviral therapies. The immunogenicity of this vaccine preparation is not surprising because good CD4 T cell responses had been described in earlier studies [1]. What is novel and important in this short communication is that neither the breadth nor the magnitude of CD8 T cell responses to HIV peptides were enhanced by this approach. Why is this result important?
Albuminuria: marker or target in indigenous populations.

BACKGROUND Australian Aborigines in remote areas are experiencing an epidemic of renal disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Adult deaths are increased 3- to 6-fold, and renal failure more than 20-fold. Renal disease is marked by albuminuria. We describe its distributions and correlations in two remote communities in the Northern Territory. METHODS Observations in Community 1 included a screen of 939 adult participants (18+ years, 90% recruitment), a treatment program, and 8 to 11 years of follow-up. In Community 2, a screen of 259 people, or 60% of adults, included HbA1c, homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), CMV serology, and carotid intimal media thickness (CIMT). Albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured by immunoassay in g/mol on random urine, with microalbuminuria defined as 3.4 to 33, and overt albuminuria as ACR 34+. RESULTS Dipstick urine protein trace+ correctly classified 76% of people with ACR 3.4+, and dipstick protein 1+ correctly classified 82% of people with ACR 34+. ACR was stable to glucose loading and water diuresis in subsets of people in Community 1. ACR levels rose steeply with age. Rates of micro- and overt albuminuria in Community 1 were 28% and 21%, and in Community B were 31% and 13%. ACR correlated inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). ACR also correlated directly with weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, random glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine, and GGT levels, and inversely with HDL cholesterol. ACR correlated with skin sores, scabies, high titer antibodies to Helicobacter pylori, high-titer CMV antibodies, with CRP over a greatly elevated range and, inversely, with birth weight. Finally, ACR correlated with CIMT. Baseline ACR predicted loss of GFR over time. ACR 3.4+ predicted all-cause and cardiovascular hospitalization, while ACR 34+ predicted all renal failure developing over 11 years and all-cause natural deaths and cardiovascular disease deaths. ACEi treatment for people with ACR 34+ reduced renal failure and natural deaths, but the hierarchical effect of higher ACRs within that group for renal and nonrenal deaths was maintained. CONCLUSION Random urine ACR is a stable and robust marker of renal disease, which is multideterminant. A broad base of shared risk factors probably explains the simultaneous emergence of the excessive renal and nonrenal chronic disease morbidities from which these populations suffer. Thus, albuminuria is a unifying marker for the harmful effects of the spectrum of chronic disease, and perhaps beyond. Dipstick urine protein is a useful surrogate for ACR when resources are constrained and disease burdens high.
Dual-band bandpass filter using coupled resonator pairs

This letter proposes and fabricates a novel dual-band bandpass filter topology. The proposed topology facilitates the split resonating frequencies of coupled resonator pairs in realizing the dual-band response and introduces transmission zeros for improving the stopband attenuation. The semi-lumped prototype enables the integration of the filter in a multilayer circuit for miniaturized implementation. Finally, a design example fabricated with low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology is presented for validating the filter configuration.