Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of hypoglycemia by using low glucose suspend function in sensor-augmented pump therapy.

BACKGROUND Severe hypoglycemic episodes are a barrier for achieving optimal glycemic control. Sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy with insulin in combination with a novel mechanism of automatic insulin shutoff (low glucose suspend [LGS]) can be used to prevent and reduce hypoglycemia. In a prospective study, we investigated the effect of the LGS algorithm on the frequency of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes under real-life conditions. METHODS Twenty-one patients with type 1 diabetes (10.8±3.8 years old, duration of diabetes 5.9±3.0 years, pump therapy for 3.7±1.7 years, glycated hemoglobin level 7.8±1.1%) from three pediatric centers used the Paradigm(®) Veo(™) system (Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA) during two subseqent time periods: SAP without LGS for 2 weeks and then SAP with LGS enabled for 6 weeks. The primary objective was to assess the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes when using the LGS feature with an insulin delivery shutoff of a maximum of 2 h at a sensor glucose level below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). RESULTS In total, 1,298 LGS alerts occurred (853 shorter than 5 min). Forty-two percent of LGS activations (>5 min) lasted less than 30 min, whereas 24% had a duration of 2 h. The number of hypoglycemic excursions (average/day) was reduced during SAP+LGS (<70 mg/L, 1.27±0.75 vs. 0.95±0.49, P=0.010; ≤40 mg/dL, 0.28±0.18 vs. 0.13±0.14, P=0.005) as was the time spent in hypoglycemia (average minutes/day, 101±68 vs. 58±33, P=0.002) without significant difference in the mean glucose level (145±23 vs. 148±19 mg/dL). No episodes of severe hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis were observed following LGS activation. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation provides evidence that SAP with LGS reduces the frequency of hypoglycemia without compromising safety.
Precursors of reading delay: neurodevelopmental milestones.

The relationship between current reading ability and the achievement of early language and motor developmental milestones was evaluated in 240 children, aged 7 1/2 years, whose language and motor achievement had been charted at each well baby visit during the first 2 years of life. Those children whose composite reading score was 6 months behind their chronologic age on the Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery were classified as having reading delay. Relationships to reading outcome were assessed for individual infant milestones, for critical screening values, and by statistical techniques that characterized the developmental process rather than single milestones. Significant differences (P less than .05) were noted between children with and without reading delays for the following milestones: 4 to 6 words, 7 to 20 words, 50 words, 2-word sentences, and 5 and 8 body parts. The positive predictive value of slower milestone achievement ranged from 0% to 50%. Techniques that focused on the developmental process during the first 2 years (either rate of achievement of neurodevelopmental milestones or order of milestone acquisition) were better able to classify children with reading delay (sensitivity = .73, specificity = .78). Although the language milestone measures did not classify children sufficiently well to be diagnostic, the data served to determine whether a child would be at high risk based on performance rather than historical factors.
Lack of Association between the 4234G/C X-Ray Repair Cross- Complementing 2 ( XRCC2 ) Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer among Polish Population

Objective: One of the major causes of carcinogenesis is loss of genome stability. The double- strand break DNA repair pathway, including X-ray repair cross complementing group 2 ( XRCC2) gene, is implicated in maintenance integrity of genome and therefore could affect endometrial cancer (EC) risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the XRCC2 4234G/C (rs3218384 ) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in endometrial cancer patients.
Calcium intake and risk of colon cancer in women and men.

BACKGROUND Calcium has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of colon cancer, and in a recent randomized trial, calcium supplementation was associated with reduction in the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas. We examined the association between calcium intake and colon cancer risk in two prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). METHODS Our study population included 87 998 women in NHS and 47 344 men in HPFS who, at baseline (1980 for NHS and 1986 for HPFS), completed a food frequency questionnaire and provided information on medical history and lifestyle factors. Dietary information was updated at least every 4 years. During the follow-up period (1980 to May 31, 1996 for the NHS cohort; 1986 to January 31, 1996 for the HPFS cohort), 626 and 399 colon cancer cases were identified in women and men, respectively. Pooled logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs), and all statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In women and men considered together, we found an inverse association between higher total calcium intake (>1250 mg/day versus < or =500 mg/day) and distal colon cancer (women: multivariate RR = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41 to 1.27; men: RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.05; pooled RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.98). No such association was found for proximal colon cancer (women: RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.75 to 2.16; men: RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.87; pooled RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.72 to 1.81). The incremental benefit of additional calcium intake beyond approximately 700 mg/day appeared to be minimal. CONCLUSIONS Higher calcium intake is associated with a reduced risk of distal colon cancer. The observed risk pattern was consistent with a threshold effect, suggesting that calcium intake beyond moderate levels may not be associated with a further risk reduction. Future investigations on this association should concentrate on specific cancer subsites and on the dose-response relationship.
Anti-transglutaminase 6 Antibody Development in Children With Celiac Disease Correlates With Duration of Gluten Exposure

Objectives: Antibodies against transglutaminase 6 (anti-TG6) have been implicated in neurological manifestations in adult patients with genetic gluten intolerance, and it is unclear whether autoimmunity to TG6 develops following prolonged gluten exposure. We measured the anti-TG6 in children with celiac disease (CD) at the diagnosis time to establish a correlation between these autoantibodies and the duration of gluten exposure. We investigated a correlation between anti-TG6 and the presence of neurological disorders. Methods: Anti-TG6 (IgA/IgG) were measured by ELISA in sera of children with biopsy-proven CD and of children experiencing gastrointestinal disorders. CD patients positive for anti-TG6 were retested after 2 years of gluten-free diet (GFD). Results: We analyzed the sera of 274 CD children and of 121 controls. Anti-TG6 were detected in 68/274 (25%) CD patients and in 19/121 (16%) controls, with significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.04). None of the CD patients and of the controls testing positive for anti-TG6 were experiencing neurological disorders. Eleven of 18 (61%) CD patients with other autoimmune diseases were positive for anti-TG6. In CD patients, a significant correlation between the gluten exposure before the CD diagnosis and anti-TG6 concentration was found (P = 0.006 for IgA; P < 0.0001 for IgG). After GFD anti-TG6 concentrations were significantly reduced (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between anti-TG6 and anti-TG2 serum concentrations. Conclusions: Anti-TG6 are more prevalent in children with untreated CD in the absence of overt neurological disorders. The synthesis of the anti-TG6 is related to a longer exposure to gluten before the CD diagnosis, and the autoimmunity against TG6 is gluten dependent and disappeared during GFD.
A quantitative assessment of Langerhans cells in oral mucosal lichen planus and leukoplakia

Quantitative analysis of Langerhans cells stained with OKT6 in the epithelium of 42 patients with oral mucosal lichen planus and 14 patients with oral mucosal leukoplakia showed significantly greater numbers of Langerhans cells in lichen planus. This may reflect the role of Langerhans cells in the pathogenesis of this condition and their identification could help in distinguishing lichen planus from leukoplakia.
Patient-Perceived Access to Care When Actively Seeking Treatment.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine predictors of perceived access to care and reported barriers to care of patients with cancer actively seeking treatment. DESIGN Retrospective secondary data analysis. SETTING U.S. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a national survey with questions about healthcare coverage and access. SAMPLE 1,170 adults with cancer actively seeking treatment. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data. Bivariate tests for significant association between individual characteristics and low perceived access to care were conducted using a chi-square test. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES The dependent variable was perceived access to care. The independent variables included sex, age, race, poverty status, education level, marital status, cancer site, comorbidities, and insurance status. FINDINGS Those with Medicaid insurance or no health insurance had significantly lower perceived access to care compared to those with Medicare. Institutional barriers to treatment, such as financial or insurance, were the most common reported barriers. CONCLUSIONS Most adults with cancer reported adequate access to medical care and medications, but a small yet vulnerable population expressed difficulties in accessing treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING To effectively advocate for vulnerable populations with Medicaid or no insurance, nurses may require specialized knowledge beyond the scope of general oncology nursing.
Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine as first‐line chemotherapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma a Phase II trial

Response and survival in patients with advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remain poor. As single agents, the nucleoside analog gemcitabine, and the semisynthetic vinca alkaloid vinorelbine, have been shown to be effective in NSCLC and to have a low toxicity profile.
The protein kinase C family for neuronal signaling.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is present in high concentrations in neuronal tissues and has been implicated in a broad spectrum of neuronal functions. Nerve cells can transmit signals over long distances by means of electrical impulses. Opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels following depolarization of the presynaptic membrane by an action potential, normally translates the electrical signal into several chemical messages. The influx of Ca2+ triggers an exocytotic release of a variety of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles. The chemical messages are then reverted back to electrical form through channel-linked receptors such as nicotinic, glutamate, and GABAA receptors located on postsynaptic membranes. Many proteins related to these processes of synaptic transmission may be the prime targets of PKC action. Activation of this enzyme in nerve cells is frequently associated with the modulation of ion channels (Shearman et al 1989), desensitization of receptors (Huganir & Greengard 1990), and enhancement of neurotransmitter release (Robinson 1992). The PKC pathway may modulate the efficacy of synaptic transmission, thus providing a basis for some forms of memory. On the other hand, non-channel-linked receptors respond to agonists, thereby initiating a cascade of enzymatic reactions. The first step in this cascade is activation of G protein, which may either interact directly with ion channels or control the production of intracellular second messengers. When phospholipases are activated via G protein-linked receptors, PKC is activated by increased amounts of diacylglycerol (DAG) in membranes, as a result of
Reconstruction of Tissue Defects Developing After Excision of Non-Melanoma Malignant Skin Tumors in Scalp and Forehead Regions.

AIM The scalp and forehead are the anatomical regions where non-melanoma malignant skin tumors are commonly seen due to direct sun exposure. After surgery for non-melanoma malignant skin tumors located in the scalp and forehead, many complex defects can develop, ranging from sole skin defects to deep defects in which bone and dura mater are opened. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study examined 43 patients who presented to the Department of Plastic Surgery in Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital and were diagnosed with non-melanoma malignant tumors of scalp and forehead between 2006 and 2013. The number of operations, the operation techniques applied, the number and type of complications (if any) of free tissue transplantation were also investigated. Various techniques are used for reconstruction of scalp and forehead region following resection of non-melanoma skin tumors. RESULTS In order to accomplish satisfactory results these patients have to be carefully assessed with specific parameters while performing the reconstruction of the defect and reconstruction should be planned. Patients with local invasion may need adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively and reconstruction with free flaps is reliable in the prevention of the possible comorbid problems due to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary approach is needed and the treatment should be managed with neurosurgical team, radiation oncologists and medical oncologists.
Resistance of Group B Streptococcus to Selected Antibiotics, Including Erythromycin and Clindamycin

ABSTRACT Resistance of group B streptococcus (GBS) to antibiotics, particularly erythromycin and clindamycin, was studied. Erythromycin resistance was present in 22% of GBS isolates, and these isolates were constitutively resistant, inducibly resistant, or sensitive to clindamycin. Erythromycin and clindamycin MICs were related to the presence of ermA, ermB, or mefA genes.
Mode of Transmission of Friend Virus Disease.∗

Summary Transmission of Friend virus, as indicated by development of Friend Virus Disease, occurred through successive generations following infection of adult mice, most effectively through the mother's milk as determined by reciprocal foster-nursing experiments. Transplacental transmission of virus did not occur as determined by reciprocal foster-nursing experiments and tests for infectivity of extracts of embryos from infected females. Transmission from infected males to normal females on copulation, or to offspring of females mated to infected males, was not observed. Conversely, transmission of virus to normal males mated to infected females did not occur. Urine was only slightly infective for newborn mice, but oral washings and feces were not infective. Air-borne and food-borne transmission of virus was unsuccessful; water-borne transmission was only slightly successful. Cage-contact transmission of virus did not occur. Maternal antibodies were also transmitted by infected females to their offspring (passive immunity). There was also evidence that some mice showed resistance to virus infection, which may be due to an actively acquired immunity.
Product Demography of De Novo and De Alio Firms in the Optical Disk Drive Industry, 1983-1999

Little theory and research addresses the ways organizational context affects the demography of products. We examine this question here by focusing on an organization's mode of market entry. Specifically, we explore differences between firms entering a market de novo (start-up) and those entering de alio (diversification from another market). We analyze all products ever shipped in the worldwide optical disk drive (ODD) industry, 1983--1999. We find an almost paradoxical empirical pattern, whereby de novo firms typically introduce products with widely agreed upon “better” (that is, universally more appealing) technological characteristics. Yet these products generally stay on the market for a shorter time than those of de alio firms, whose products generally display less appealing technological features.
Suppression, release and canopy recruitment in five tree species from a seasonal tropical forest in western Thailand

We used tree-rings to reconstruct long-term patterns of suppression, release and growth among five sympatric canopy tree species representing the full range of shade tolerance in a seasonal tropical forest in western Thailand. We expected that the frequency and duration of suppression and release events would be positively correlated with shade tolerance. All five species showed evidence of major and moderate growth releases. As expected, Melia azederach, an extreme heliophile, had the fewest releases. However, among the other species the number of major releases was consistent across the range of shade tolerance. The most significant difference among the species was the number of moderate releases recorded. There was a general positive correlation between the number of moderate releases and shade tolerance; however, Chukrasia tabularis, a relatively shade-intolerant species, had an anomalously high number of moderate releases. The study species also showed considerable variation in canopy accession strategies. The least common canopy accession strategy was establishment in the understorey and growth into the canopy in the absence of any gaps. However, with the exception of Melia, all four study species had one or more individuals that successfully reached the canopy using each of the four canopy accession strategies. These results highlight the importance of periodic or episodic bouts of gap formation on canopy tree recruitment and the utility of tree-rings for reconstructing long-term growth patterns in tropical trees.
Designing a Social Support System for College Adjustment and Social Support

A main characteristic of current social systems is that they are designed to never-endingly captivate the attention of users, but are rarely designed to give support to those that need it. We describe the development process of Buddy, a social support mobile app for college students. We created a message stream algorithmically designed to give more attention to those with low psychological wellbeing, hidden feedback metrics to discourage competition or social comparison, and bots to deliver automatic one-click feedback in the form of virtual hugs. Across two field studies, we found that these small design changes can facilitate different types of behavior and community norms.
Structural Basis for the Recognition of the FapydG Lesion (2,6-Diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine) by Formamidopyrimidine-DNA Glycosylase*

Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) is a DNA repair enzyme that excises oxidized purines such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) from damaged DNA. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Fpg protein from Lactococcus lactis (LlFpg) bound to a carbocyclic FapydG (cFapydG)-containing DNA. The structure reveals that Fpg stabilizes the cFapydG nucleoside into an extrahelical conformation inside its substrate binding pocket. In contrast to the recognition of the 8-oxodG lesion, which is bound with the glycosidic bond in a syn conformation, the cFapydG lesion displays in the complex an anti conformation. Furthermore, Fpg establishes interactions with all the functional groups of the FapyG base lesion, which can be classified in two categories: (i) those specifying a purine-derived lesion (here a guanine) involved in the Watson-Crick face recognition of the lesion and probably contributing to an optimal orientation of the pyrimidine ring moiety in the binding pocket and (ii) those specifying the imidazole ring-opened moiety of FapyG and probably participating also in the rotameric selection of the FapydG nucleobase. These interactions involve strictly conserved Fpg residues and structural water molecules mediated interactions. The significant differences between the Fpg recognition modes of 8-oxodG and FapydG provide new insights into the Fpg substrate specificity.
Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiopstruncatus) in the Drowned Cayes,Belize: Group Size, Site Fidelityand Abundance

ABSTRACT. —Group size, site fidelity and abundance of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, were assessed during 392 photo-identification surveys conducted during 1997-1999 in the Drowned Cayes region, near Belize City, Belize, Central America. During this study 2155 dolphins were sighted across 736 groups. Mean group size was 2.9 (SD = 2.32) which is one of the smallest reported for bottlenose dolphins. One hundred and fifteen individual dolphin were photographically identified, with sighting frequencies ranging from one to fifty (X¯ = 8.1, SD = 9.05). Thirty percent of identified dolphins were judged to be residents, while 23% were photographed only once. Chao’s Mth model for closed populations was used to derive an abundance estimate of 122 dolphins (95% CI = 114 -140). This low abundance estimate and a leveling trend in the rate of newly identified individuals, indicates that the Drowned Cayes dolphin population is both small and finite. Group size, abundance, and site fidelity comparisons were made with a 4-yr photoidentification study conducted at nearby Turneffe Atoll. Both the Drowned Cayes and Turneffe Atoll studies had similarly small group sizes, low and variable levels of site fidelity and low abundance estimates, but there was no overlap between individual sightings in the two areas. The observed behavioral patterns and similarities between the two studies raise concerns that increasing pressures on Belize’s marine resources may pose a threat to its bottlenose dolphins.
Ethnic-Specific Criteria for the Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of interrelated abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and glucose, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory states (1). Because of the growing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, several organizations have attempted to set forth clinical criteria for its diagnosis (1–5). The most recent are those proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition (5) and the American Heart Association’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1). The latter updated the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria (2). Both IDF and updated ATPIII criteria emphasized the importance of adiposity in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome and recommended specific thresholds for central obesity in different ethnic groups. Thresholds in the two reports were identical for Asian populations. A significant difference between the two criteria is that the IDF makes central obesity necessary for diagnosis, whereas updated ATPIII criteria did not. Whether the prerequisite of central obesity has any impact on the prevalence or the classification of the syndrome in the Chinese population is unknown. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population using the ethnic-specific …