Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation into DEF Dosing Strategies for Heavy Duty Vehicle Applications

Copyright © 2015 SAE International.In recent years urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has become the principal method of NOx abatement within heavy duty (HD) diesel exhaust systems; however, with upcoming applications demanding NOx reduction efficiencies of above 96 % on engines producing upwards of 10 g·kWh−1 NOx, future diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosing systems will be required to operate stably at significantly increased dosing rates. Developing a dosing system capable of meeting the increased performance requirements demands an improved understanding of how DEF sprays interact with changing exhaust flows. This study has investigated four production systems representing a diverse range of dosing strategies in order to determine how performance is influenced by spray structure and identify promising strategies for further development. The construction of an optically accessible hot-air flow rig has enabled visualisation of DEF injection into flows representative of HD diesel exhaust conditions. High-speed and laser sheet imaging have been applied to capture the injection event and analyse spray development within the flows. Results from ambient shadowgraphy show the extent of variation in spray structure that exists between the systems; further quantified with droplet size distribution data collected using phase Doppler interferometry (PDI). Imaging within the exhaust section indicates that the structure of a spray has a significant impact on droplet entrainment within the flow, in turn affecting the level of spray-wall impingement seen. This suggests knowledge of dosing strategy will be critical for optimal system design and enabling near future dosing rate demands to be met.
Strengthening the sustainability of rural areas: the role of rural tourism and agritourism

The European territory is characterized by a strong presence of rural areas. While the primary sector still plays a major role in some regions, the importance of agriculture in the economic system of the EU-28 is declining. The inability in generating sufficient revenue has led the farmers, in many cases, at diversifying from the agricultural base, by engaging in a pluriactivity. In this context, Rural Tourism is one of the key opportunities in terms of potential growth for rural areas, in the wider context of the Sustainable Management and Promotion of Territory activities. This paper aims at studying the Rural Tourism, with the purpose to overcome the difficulties in defining analytically the Rural Tourism and Agritourism, by setting up a comprehensive body of knowledge and a theoretical framework for future analysis and studies.
Thermal imaging as a modern form of pyrometry

Abstract. Pyrometers and thermography cameras used to be characterized by different specifications and technical definitions. After an analysis of the market situation and the physical basics, the following article describes common methods to determine optical and thermal key parameters. Based on this, aspects of future sensor developments and certain applications of infrared (IR) cameras are discussed. (This article was first published in the journal tm – Technisches Messen, Vol. 81, No. 3, 2014, a volume which is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ludwig Walther.)
Effect of tamsulosin on blood glucose levels in euglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats and its interaction with glibenclamide

Background: To evaluate the effect of tamsulosin on blood glucose levels in euglycaemic rats and to investigate the effect of glibenclamide, tamsulosin and their combination on alloxan induced diabetic rats.Methods: Albino male wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups (2 euglycaemic and 4 alloxan induced diabetic rats groups). In Euglycaemic rats either normal saline (0.5ml P.O) or tamsulosin (0.072mg/kg P.O) were given and blood glucose levels was estimated at 0 hr, 30min, 1hr, 2hr, 4hr on day 1 and at 0hr and 1hr on day 3 and day 7. Four groups of diabetic rats were given normal saline (0.5ml P.O), glibenclamide (5mg/kg P.O), tamsulosin (0.072mg/kg P.O), combination of glibenclamide and tamsulosin respectively and blood glucose levels were estimated on day 1, 3 and 7. Repeated measures ANOVA or paired ‘t ‘test were used for within group comparison and one way ANOVA or unpaired ‘t’ test were used for between group comparison.Results: In euglycaemic rats tamsulosin caused significant rise in blood glucose levels at 1 hr on all days and in diabetic rats tamsulosin itself did not cause any significant alteration in blood glucose levels. However, its combination with glibenclamide delayed the onset of hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide & also reduced its hypoglycemic effect.Conclusions: Tamsulosin significantly increase blood glucose level in euglycaemic rats and it interact with Glibenclamide to reduce its hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats.
Customers’ evaluations after a bank renaming: effects of brand name change on brand personality, brand attitudes and customers’ satisfaction

The objective of the current work is to contribute to the understanding of customers’ evaluations after a bank name change. The empirical study was done nearby a Tunisian bank: “Banque du Sud” (i.e. Bank of the South), renamed into “Attijari Bank” (i.e. The Commercial Bank) after acquisition. Two surveys were administrated, just after the bank renaming. 383 clients of all the Attijari agencies in the region of Sousse, Central East of Tunisia (North Africa) responded to the administrated surveys. Student’s t-tests of means comparisons were conducted. The findings show that both customers’ satisfaction and brand attitudes were not affected by brand renaming, whereas the bank personality perception was to some extent modified.
Isolation and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Salmonella species from raw beef and quail eggs from farms and retail outlets in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species from raw beef obtained from markets and Japanese quail eggs from farms and retail outlets in Jos and environs, Nigeria, using colony morphology and biochemical tests. Of the 100 raw beef samples examined, 11 were contaminated with Salmonella given a prevalence of 11.0%. Salmonella was isolated from 3 out of the 225 quail eggs analyzed. The result revealed that only 0.8% of the quail egg contents were positive for Salmonella while the prevalence on egg shell was 1.7%. The prevalence of Salmonella on raw beef was found to be relatively higher in Tudun Wada and Rukuba Road 4(20.0%), while Terminus, Abattoir and Gada Biyu had a lower prevalence of 1 (5.0%). The relative prevalence of Salmonella on the egg shell and content base on location indicates considerable high (4.0%) levels of contamination in samples from Jos South Local Government Area while eggs collected from Jos North and Jos East revealed a prevalence of 0.0%. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates showed varying degree of sensitivity. The isolates were moderately sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Sulphademethoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin recording the highest sensitivity. The isolates were completely resistant to Tetracyline, Neomycin, Oxacillin and Erythromycin. Multi-drug resistance was reported in isolates from quail eggs from Farm A. All the isolates from the three farms were resistant to Oxacillin and Erythromycin while two (from Farms A and C) were resistant to Sulphadimethoxazole. Regulatory control of antibiotics usage in livestock production, meat/poultry hygiene and pharmaco-epidemiological surveillance in food animals to ensure consumer safety were therefore recommended. Key words: Salmonella, resistance, susceptibility, sensitivity, surveillance.
Intraperitoneal GABA B Receptor Antagonist ( CGP 55845 ) Injections Moderately Affect the Behavior of Male Albino Mice

In order to determine the effect of GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP 55845 {3-N [1-(S)-(3,4dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino-2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-P-benzyl-phosphinic acid} on the selective aspects of male albino mice behavior, present study was designed consisting of series of neurological (Rota rod, Open field, Morris Water Maze, Light and dark transition, Elevated plus maze and Novel object) tests. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1mg CGP 5584/ Kg body weight/ ml of Dimethyl Sulfoxide or with equal volume of saline solution (0.9 % NaCl) for twelve days. Data analysis for various parameters for rota rod, open field, light and dark transition test, elevated plus maze and novel object test revealed that the neuromuscular coordination, locomotory and exploratory behavior of male albino mice was not significantly affected by the CGP 55845 injections (P > 0.05). The results for Morris water maze (MWM) probe trial 1 indicated that CGP 55845 treated animals took less time and visited the platform area more frequently than controls indicating improved spatial memory but this affect were neutralized during probe trial 2 indicating that applied dose of CGP 55845 was unable to induce long term memory formation in male albino mice. We recommend further studies with higher dose concentration of CGP 55845 to explore its effect on albino male mice behavior.
Multivariate Regression Analyses of Yield Associated Traits in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes

The efficiency of a breeding program depends mainly on the direction of the correlation between yield and its components and the relative importance of each component involved in contributing to seed yield. The interrelationships of nine quantitative traits in 28 genotypes of spring oilseed rape (days to flowering, days to end of flowering, duration of flowering, days to maturity, pods per main raceme, pods length and pods per plant, and seed yield) were computed. Significant genotypic effects were found for phenological traits, yield components, and seed yield, indicating significant genetic differences among the genotypes. High broad sense heritability was estimated for phenological traits, seeds per pod, and seed yield, signifying high selection gain for improving these traits. Path coefficient analysis revealed that days to flowering and number of pods per plant had the highest direct effects on seed yield. Duration of flowering, number of branches, pods on main raceme, pods per plant, and seed yield had high genetic coefficient of variation. The results of factor analysis showed three factors including factor 1 (phenological traits), factor 2 (primary yield components), and factor 3 (secondary yield components). The results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that pods per plant, number of branches, and duration of flowering had considerable effects on seed yield.
Why habitat architecture and color are important to shrimps living in pelagic Sargassum: use of camouflage and plant-part mimicry

Camouflage and plant-part mimicry, 2 forms of resemblance of animals to their habitat, were investigated for 2 species of shrimps living in pelagic Sarqassum natans (Linnaeus) Gaillon in the Sargasso Sea. We used field collections and laboratory experiments to correlate the size, shape, color, and behavior of Latreutes fucorum (Fabricius) and Hippolyte coerulescens (Fabricius) with the architecture and color of the Sargassum habitat (i.e. the number, size, shape and arrangement of structural components of the habitat). Components of the structural architecture of Sargassum and plastic plants were measured and related to shrimp number, body size and shape. Latreutes most resembled Sargassum fronds, while Hippolyte resembled the gas-filled bladders (vesicles). Behavioral observations showed that Latreutes characteristically clings to the fronds and Hippolyte to the main stalk and vesicles of Sargassurn plants. In habitat selection experiments, the shrimps were offered Sargassum and arhficial algae with hfferent architectures and colors. Both species were found in equal densities on Sargassum and artificial algae suggesting that food value was unimportant relative to habitat architecture. When offered a modified habitat architecture of Sargassurn, Latreutes preferred a 'fronds only' to a 'vesicles only' plant while the reverse was true for Hippolyte. When plastic plants wlth small and large fronds were offered, small Latreutes showed a significant preference for small-frond plants, while large shrimp showed no preference. This was also true in the presence of a predator. Latreutes chose yellow artificial plants significantly more than brown artificial plants but Hippolyte chose both plants equally. In general, small shrimps of both species tend to be solid-colored or transparent, while large shrimps have disruptive color patterns corresponding to their habitat. It may be that there is an ontogenetic shift from use of plant-part mimicry to camouflage. As shrimps outgrow the specific plant parts they mimic, they use color patterns to camouflage themselves and generally resemble the Sargassum habitat matrix. In this system, camouflage and plant-part mimicry may depend, in large part, on the size, shape and color of the shrimps relative to elements of the Sargassum habitat, and may change in importance as the shrimps grow larger. The importance of fish predation is discussed in relation to the shrimps and fishes found in Sargassum collections from this study.
Rhythmical Structures in Music and Body Movement in Samba Performance

Samba groove is often characterized by its complex rhythmical patterns. Recent studies, based on audio recordings of samba music, report that the 3 rd and the 4 th 16 th -notes are played slightly ahead of their corresponding quantized position, and that this seems to be a prominent feature of samba groove. Considering that samba derives from a culture where music and body motion are intrinsically related, may suggest that we should include both sound and motion data in studies of its rhythmical structures. In this paper we investigate whether the microtiming features, previously shown in samba music, may also be represented in the body motion of performers playing and dancing samba. We report from a motion capture experiment where two skilled samba performers, a percussionist and a dancer, were recorded using an advanced optical infrared motion capture system. Our audio analysis confirms the existence of systematic microtiming patterns on the 16 th -note level in samba music. In addition, motion analysis of the percussionist’s heel tapping and the dancer’s steps revealed motion patterns in synchrony with the systematic microtiming features found in samba music. These observations support the view that the systematic micro timing of 16 th -notes in samba playing is not a deviation from an underlying perceived pulse with isochronous subdivisions, but rather constitutes an essential feature of samba.
High Resolution Sonographic Evaluation Of Painful Shoulder

Purpose : To compare clinical diagnosis established by Physical examination with High frequency ultrasonographic findings in patients with painful shoulder. Methods & Materials: two different Radiologists who were blinded to the clinical data, performed sonographic examination on forty patients with painful shoulder and twenty control subjects using 7.5 MHZ linear transducer. Physical examination was performed by one experienced Rheumatologistbefore ultrasonographic examination by using specific maneuvers. Ultrasonography was considered the optimal diagnostic technique. Results : Rotator Cuff was most common structure to show abnormalities on ultrasound. Among the tendon of rotator cuff supraspinatus most commonly showed abnormalities (52.5%). Partial thickness tears of supraspinatus were more common than full-thickness tear. A high Sensitivity and Specificity of sonography was demonstrated compared to physical examination in the present study. Conclusion : High sensitivity & specificity , non-invasiveness & low cost of high resolution sonography justify its routine utilization for the assessment of painful shoulder.
Relativistic Particle-In-Cell Simulation Studies of Prompt and Early Afterglows from GRBs

Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and Galactic microquasar systems usually have power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC simulations of relativistic electron-ion (electro-positron) jets injected into a stationary medium show that particle acceleration occurs within the downstream jet. In the collisionless relativistic shock particle acceleration is due to plasma waves and their associated instabilities {e.g., the Weibel (filamentation) instability) created in the shocks are responsible for particle (electron, positron, and ion) acceleration. The simulation results show that the Weibel instability is responsible for generating and amplifying highly nonuniform, small-scale magnetic fields. These magnetic fields contribute to the electron's transverse deflection behind the jet head. The "jitter" radiation from deflected electrons has different properties than synchrotron radiation which is calculated in a uniform magnetic field. This jitter radiation may be important to understanding the complex time evolution and/or spectral structure in gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets, and supernova remnants. -/
Effects of an undergraduate program to integrate academic learning and service: cognitive, prosocial cognitive, and identity outcomes

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of key characteristics of service-learning experiences (such as autonomy, instructional support for the experience, and so on) the cognitive, moral, and ego identity development of undergraduates. Participants in service-learning courses and control students wrote pre-responses to social problems. Service-learning students also completed weekly journals and an evaluation of their experiences. Results revealed significant gains for the service-learning participants on certain cognitive dimensions, such as awareness of multidimensionality. Aspects of the experience predicted cognitive gains as well as gains in prosocial reasoning. Paired t-tests revealed significant increases in prosocial decision-making, prosocial reasoning and identity processing.
Assessment of Missouri River floodplain invertebrates during historic inundation: implications for river restoration

Floodplain connectivity is important to aquatic organisms in large rivers. Anthropogenic alterations regulating the Missouri River have limited connectivity and negatively affected native fauna. Determining the biological response to rare inundation events may be important when considering potential restoration options on a regulated river; thus, we assessed benthic invertebrate and zooplankton communities at three floodplain sites during a historic Missouri River high-water event. Chironomid larvae dominated during most sampling trips and densities were often highest during initial sampling trips with lower densities as high water persisted. Similar trends were evident for rotifer, cladoceran, and copepod densities. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling also showed relatively high dissimilarity of densities between early and late sampling trips for benthic invertebrate and zooplankton communities. As such, short-term inundation may be more beneficial to Missouri River benthic invertebrate (mainly chironomid larvae) and zooplankton production than more prolonged inundation lasting a month or more. Furthermore, restoration projects may be designed at elevations allowing more short-term inundation, which would likely benefit native fishes with additional spawning, nursery, and foraging habitat. Levee setbacks may be an effective restoration option for increasing the amount of habitat available for short-term inundation while potentially providing socioeconomic, flood-risk reduction benefits by enhancing flow conveyance.
The Effects of an Introductory Leadership Course on Socially Responsible Leadership, Examined by Age and Gender.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of age and gender on student leadership capacity during a 16-week, for-credit academic leadership course at a regional mid-western university. The course promoted the tenets of the Social Change Model of Leadership (SCM) through theoretical and application-based projects. Participants completed the Socially Responsible Leadership Scale (SRLS) as a pre/post test. The findings suggest age does not mediate students’ capacities for socially responsible leadership, but gender does for the SCM domains of collaboration and citizenship.
A Document Browsing Tool Based on Book Indexes

The goal is to produce a text browsing tool offering a maximum of information based on a fairly superficial linguistic analysis. We are concerned with a type of extensive single-document indexing, and not indexing by a set of keywords (see Klement, 2002, for a clear distinction between the two). The desired browsing tool would not only give at a glance the main topics discussed in the document, but would also present relationships between these topics. It would also give direct access to the text (via hypertext links to specific passages).
Forecasting credit growth rate in Romania: from credit boom to credit crunch?

The specialists paid a special attention to credit growth in the transitions countries due to its sharp increase during the last years. However, once the financial crisis started in 2008, the credit activity evolution reversed. Consequently, forecasting the credit trend has become a subject of interest in the context of the present financial and economic conditions, because the credit market blockage has a negative impact on economic activity revival and leads to the amplification of the uncertainty on financial markets. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the recent credit developments in Romania and to predict their future evolution. Based on the credit growth rate endogenous factors and using a stochastic simulation econometric model, we demonstrate that this economy experiences a passage from a credit boom to a severe credit crunch. The forecasting exercise results show a credit activity contraction up to the end of 2009, demolishing the expectations related to a near economic recovery in Romania.
Towards a new Linguistic model for detecting political lies

The present study addresses the problem of how the two US presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton use statements judged to be false by the Politifact site while delivering their campaign speeches. Two corpora of Clinton’s and Trump’s alleged lies were compiled. Each corpus contained 16 statements judged to be false or ridiculously untrue (‘pants on fire’) by the Pulitzer Prize Winner site Politifact. Some statements were accompanied by the video recordings where they appeared; others had no video recordings affiliated because they are either tweets or their events had not been recorded on Youtube or elsewhere. The present research made use of CBCA (Criteria-based Content Analysis) but as a stepping stone for building a new model of detecting lies in political discourse to suit the characteristics of campaign discourse. This furnished the qualitative dimension of the research. As for the quantitative dimension, data were analyzed using software, namely LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry & Word Count), and also focused on the content analysis of the deception cues that can be matched with the results obtained from computerized findings. When VSA (Voice Stress Analysis) was required, Praat was used. Statistical analyses were occasionally applied to reach highly accurate results. The study concluded that the New Model (NM) is not context-sensitive, being a quantitative one, and is thus numerically oriented in its decisions. Moreover, when qualitative analysis intervenes, especially in examining Politifact rulings, context plays a crucial role in passing judgements on deceptive vs. non-deceptive discourse.