Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of A Point-Of Use Water Purification System (Llaveoz) in a Rural Setting of Chiapas, Mexico

Access to potable water is a priority for highly-marginalized rural communities of Chiapas, Mexico where consumption of poorly sanitized water has fostered severe diarrheal diseases among children. Interventions aimed to reduce contaminants present in water are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. In this work we evaluated the efficiency of a point of use water purification system, Llaveoz, to eradicate total coliform (TC) bacteria and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains in 62 paired water samples obtained from households during the dry and rainy season. TC was determined by the membrane filtration method whereas DEC strains were evaluated by a multiplex PCR approach. After Llaveoz treatment, water samples collected during the dry season (N=20) had an 80.3% reduction of TC counts (p<0.05). Similarly, TC were significantly reduced (72.3%, (p<0.05)) in water samples treated during the rainy season (N=42). A total of 28 E. coli strains were isolated of which 14.3% (N=4) were identified as DEC strains (ETEC (N=2), EAEC (N=1) or EIEC (N=1)) in untreated water samples. Llaveoz-treated water did not contain DEC strains. Thus, the Llaveoz system represents an alternative method to obtain more pure water in regions where potable water sources are not available.
Social ecology of similarity

Social ecologies shape the way people initiate and maintain social relationships. Settings with much opportunity will lead to more fine-grained similarity among friends; less opportunity leads to less similarity. We compare two ecological contexts—a large, relatively diverse state university versus smaller colleges in the same state—to test the hypothesis that a larger pool of available friendship choices will lead to greater similarity within dyads. Participants in the large campus sample reported substantially more perceived ability to move in and out of relationships compared to participants in the small colleges sample. Dyads were significantly more similar on attitudes, beliefs, and health behaviors in the large campus than in the small colleges sample. Our findings reveal an irony—greater human diversity within an environment leads to less personal diversity within dyads. Local social ecologies create their own “cultures” that affect how human relationships are formed.
Effect of nursing staff training on respecting the privacy of patients in the emergency department

Background and Purpose: Privacy is one of the most important humanitarian principles, respecting of which is regarded obligatory in the health care and nursing organizations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing staff training on respecting the patient privacy in the emergency department. Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 400 patients referring to the emergency departments of the Imam Khomeini and Shariati hospitals using a pretest-posttest design with inequivalent control group. For the purpose of the study, the patients of the Imam Khomeini and Shariati hospitals were assigned into the intervention (n=200) and control (n=200) groups, respectively. The data were collected using the privacy baseline questionnaire, which was filled out by the patients in both intervention and control groups. After the implementation of a virtual learning course about respecting patient privacy for 90 clinical staff working in the emergency department of the Imam Khomeini Hospital, the privacy questionnaire was again completed by the patients in both groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test in the SPSS software version 19. Results: According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the age, gender, education level, and other demographic information. Furthermore, the two groups were similar regarding the mean scores of patient privacy prior to the intervention. However, after online education, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the mean score of patient privacy as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that nursing staff virtual training could improve the patient privacy. Therefore, this measure can be applied in the emergency departments as an important step to holistic nursing care.
Evidence for a mid-latitude, mesoscale downscale energy cascade from the marine boundary layer

The third-order longitudinal velocity structure function SLLL and the longitudinal and transverse second order structure functions SLL (r) and ST T (r) are determined for the marine boundary layer over the Paciﬁc Ocean. The velocities are the 10 meter equivalent neutral winds inferred from measurements of radar backscatter by the scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite. The sign of SLLL is used to infer the direction of the energy cascade, with SLLL 0 indicating an upscale energy cascade. This is analogous to how SLLL would behave in three- and two- dimensional turbulence respectively, but does not imply that either of these dynamical systems is completely applicable. In order to distinguish different geophysical effects, the analysis of structure functions is divided into latitudinal and longitudinal boxes. In this paper we concentrate on mid-latitude and mid-longitudes over the North Paciﬁc Ocean, because these boxes were found to be least inﬂuenced by the equatorial waveguide and large sea surface temperature gradients. The overall conclusion is that for scales r less than 1000 km SLLL 0 is favored. In this sense the results are consistent with upper tropospheric aircraft measurements and recent numerical results for the developing theory of stratiﬁed, rotating tur- bulence.
Comparison of Yield and Quality of Red Beet Roots Cultivated Using Conventional, Integrated and Organic Method

Abstract The experiment on different means of cultivation of red beet cv. ‘Regulski Cylinder’ was conducted in the years 2006-2009, using conventional, integrated, and organic methods. The greatest impact on total and commercial yield, the average root weight, dry weight and chemical constituents’ content in the roots had the season. In the years 2006 and 2008, the highest total and marketable yields of beet roots were obtained by organic method, but in 2009 these parameters were the lowest in organically produced plants. Total yield was correlated with mean root weight. In the years 2006 and 2008, betanine content was the lowest in organically produced roots while in the year 2009 it was the highest. The low yield of marketable roots and the low nitrates’ content were the only two parameters, which distinguished organically produced red beet roots throughout the years of experiment.
Consumer confusion and front of pack (FOP) nutritional labels

Publisher Rights Statement: Author Posting © Westburn Publishers Ltd, 2015. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copy-edit version of an article which has been published in its definitive form in the Journal of Consumer Behaviour, and has been posted by permission of Westburn Publishers Ltd for personal use, not for redistribution. The article was published in Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol. 14, March 2015 No. 1, pp. 49-61, doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1362/147539215X14267608004087
Effects of Peeling Methods on Mineral Content of Potato and Development of Potato Based Biscuit

An attempt was taken to select the effective peeling methods of potatoes based on mineral content and to formulate biscuits using potato flour as a partial substitute of wheat flour. The potatoes were collected and washed with water thoroughly to remove adhered dirt and soil. Fresh potatoes (P1), potatoes peeled before boiling (P2) and potatoes peeled after boiling (P3) were analyzed for mineral content. Significant (p<0.05) effect of peeling treatment on mineral content was observed in this study. However, potato with peel was scored with highest mineral content namely Calcium (9.40mg/100g), Magnesium (21.6mg/100g), Potassium (413.91mg/100g), Phosphorus (60.57mg/100g), Iron (0.78µg/100g) and Zinc (0.29µg/100g) among samples. On the basis of mineral content, potato with peel was selected to produce potato flour to replace wheat flour partially in preparing nutritionally enriched biscuit. Potato flour was blended with wheat flour in ratio of 3:17, 1:3 and 7:13 in preparation of biscuits with maintaining all other ingredients constant. The prepared biscuits were evaluated for sensory quality by Hedonic Rating Test. The sensory evaluation revealed that the biscuits prepared using 25 percent potato flour were almost equally acceptable as control biscuits and secured the score for overall acceptability (7.20) and ranked as ‘like very much’. Biscuits prepared using 35 percent potato flour secured the lowest score (5.20) in term of overall acceptability and was unacceptable to the panelist. To ensure adequate minerals, the use of potato flour to substitute wheat flour up to 25% level is advocated.
Exogenous thiourea modulates antioxidant defence and glyoxalase systems in lentil genotypes under arsenic stress

Arsenic (As) is a wide-spread toxic and carcinogenic metalloid, affecting crop productivity worldwide. Lentil, an edible grain legume, is increasingly exposed to soil arsenic contamination. However, our understandings regarding mechanistic details and mitigation strategies against arsenic toxicity in edible legume are extremely poor. Main purpose of the present study was to investigate the As-effects and its mitigation by thiourea (TU), a sulfhydryl bioregulator, in lentil. Four widely grown lentil genotypes were grown in nutrient media, supplemented with 30 μM sodium arsenate (As), As + 6.5 mM TU and As + 13 mM TU, keeping an untreated control for 10 d. As severely affected plant dry weight by accumulating in shoots and roots. However, TU application sequestered As in crop roots and prevented up-ward translocation of As. TU coordinately modulated glyoxalase system I and II (Gly I and II) and ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) redox, and antioxidant defense enzymes in both leaves and roots of four genotypes. Elevation of Gly system prevented toxic methyl glyoxal overaccumulation whereas stimulated AsA-GSH cycle enzymes and Glutathione s-transferase and catalase effectively scavenged H 2 O 2 and prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) -mediated onset of oxidative damage in four genotypes, as was evident from ROS-imaging study. Results suggested exogenous TU stimulated the Gly and antioxidant defense in fine tune against As-induced oxidative damage in lentil genotypes.
Arbitrage pricing theory: evidence from an emerging stock market

The development of financial equilibrium asset pricing models has been the most important area of research in modern financial theory. These models are extensively tested for developed markets. This paper examines the validity of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) model on returns from 24 actively trading stocks in Karachi Stock Exchange using monthly data from January 1997 to December 2003. Explanatory factor analysis approach indicates two factors governing stock return. Pre-specified macro economic approach identifies these two factors as the anticipated and unanticipated inflation and market index and dividend yield. Some evidence of instability is found. The overall finding of two significant priced factors at least for a sub period supports APT for an emerging capital market.
Development of a portable assembly-type cosmic-ray muon module for measuring the density structure of a column of magma

We have developed a portable assembly type cosmic-ray muon telescope system with power-effective real-time readings to monitor the internal structure of a volcano. Using this system, we have performed measurements at the Satsuma-Iojima volcano and studied the feasibility of using a continuous flux of cosmic-ray muons over the observation period. The system is based on the measurement of time-dependent muon absorption along different, nearly horizontal paths through a solid body. The rationale is that one can deduce the time-dependent changes in the density distribution of muon absorption in the interior of the object where an absorption variation, i.e., a density path variation, becomes an intensity variation since the muon energy spectrum is exponential or, expressed otherwise, it drops rapidly when the energy threshold increases. The muon telescope, which has a surface area of 1 m2, was installed at the observation point located 1.2 km from the summit crater of Satsuma-Iojima. Muon tracks within scintillator layers in the telescope were analyzed continuously by real-time three-dimensional image processing to measure the level of absorption along different ray paths through the summit crater region. A typical angular resolution of the muon detector of ±16 mrad corresponds to a spatial resolution of ±20 m at a distance of 1.2 km. Our results show the density structure determined in Satsuma-Iojima volcano, Japan, which is located above sea level. A density structure situated above sea level can be analyzed at a resolution that is significantly higher than is possible with conventional geophysical measurements.
Are EU budget de cits sustainable ?

In this paper, we test for the stationarity and sustainability of European Union budget de cits over the period 1971 to 2006, using a panel of thirteen member countries. Our testing strategy addresses two key concerns with regard to unit root panel data testing, namely (i) the identi cation of which members-states are stationary, and (ii) the presence of cross-sectional dependence. We employ a moving block bootstrap approach to the Hadri (2000) procedure that tests the null of joint stationarity. In contrast to the existing literature, we nd that the EU countries considered are characterised by scal sustainability over the full sample period. This conclusion also holds when analysing sub-periods based on before and after the Maastricht treaty. JEL Classi cation: C33; F32; F41. Keywords: Heterogeneous dynamic panels, scal sustainability, mean reversion, panel stationarity test. E-mail: holmesmj@waikato.ac. nz yE-mail: jotero@urosario.edu. co zE-mail: t.panagiotidis@lboro.ac. uk
Automatic Extraction of Tempo and Beat From Expressive Performances

We describe a computer program which is able to estimate the tempo and the times of musical beats in expressively performed music. The input data may be either digital audio or a symbolic representation of music such as MIDI. The data is processed off-line to detect the salient rhythmic events and the timing of these events is analysed to generate hypotheses of the tempo at various metrical levels. Based on these tempo hypotheses, a multiple hypothesis search finds the sequence of beat times which has the best fit to the rhythmic events. We show that estimating the perceptual salience of rhythmic events significantly improves the results. No prior knowledge of the tempo, meter or musical style is assumed; all required information is derived from the data. Results are presented for a range of different musical styles, including classical, jazz, and popular works with a variety of tempi and meters. The system calculates the tempo correctly in most cases, the most common error being a doubling or halving of the tempo. The calculation of beat times is also robust. When errors are made concerning the phase of the beat, the system recovers quickly to resume correct beat tracking, despite the fact that there is no high level musical knowledge encoded in the system.
Diálogos sobre sexualidade na escola: uma intervenção possível

O objetivo desta intervencao foi implementar oficinas sobre sexualidade em escolas, fundamentadas na metodologia participativa. Foram realizadas 11 oficinas em Porto Alegre, com 349 alunos, organizadas a partir das duvidas dos adolescentes. As oficinas visaram promover reflexao critica e autocuidado. Mapearam-se os sentidos associados a palavra sexualidade e principais duvidas dos jovens. As palavras mais referidas foram: sexo, amor, camisinha, prazer, genero, homem, mulher, gravidez, doencas e relacao. As duvidas mais frequentes foram: primeira relacao sexual, gravidez, cuidados medicos, sexo e drogas, genero, orientacao sexual, cultura e sexualidade, corpo e prazer, infeccoes sexualmente transmissiveis e violencia. Os alunos avaliaram a intervencao positivamente. Os resultados apontam para necessidade de as escolas abordarem o tema da sexualidade, construindo espacos de dialogo
Relation of various levels on which metacognitive knowledge is utilized and personality characters with self-efficacy against problems

The current paper was conducted with the aim of examining Relation of various levels on which metacognitive knowledge is utilized and personality characters with self-efficacy against problems. The present research falls under applied category in terms of goals and it is descriptive of correlation type based on data gathering styles. Accordingly, from among all female high school girls in the city of Kermanshah who were studying in the educational year of 2014-2015, the number of 385 people was selected as the sample via multistage sampling method, and for more assurance, the sample size was increased to 400 peoples. To investigate the variables, three questionnaires of NEO Personality Factors, Metacognition Awareness and Self-efficacy were applied. Findings revealed that there was a negative significant correlation between personality character of neuroticism with trend knowledge, planning, information management strategy, fault finding strategies, assessment of learning process and overall cognitive knowledge. A positive significant correlation was found between extrovert character with expression knowledge, planning, information management strategy and overall cognitive knowledge. A positive significant relation was also found between personality character of openness to experience with expression knowledge, trend knowledge, planning and faultfinding strategies. Meanwhile, there was a positive significant correlation between personality character of agreeableness with expression knowledge and information management strategy. Again, there was a positive significant correlation between conscientiousness with trend knowledge, situational knowledge, planning and assessment of learning process as well as overall cognitive knowledge. also suggested that there was a positive significant correlation between self-efficacy with cognitive knowledge, cognitive adjustment, metacognition, problem-oriented strategies, acquisition of support and cessation of negative thinking and meanwhile, a positive significant correlation was found World Scientific News 55 (2016) 199-209 -200between self-efficacy with neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, problem –oriented strategy, support acquisition, cessation of negative thinking.
Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic

Abstract. A critical parameter for the atmospheric lifetime of black carbon (BC) aerosols, and hence for the range over which the particles can be transported, is the aging time, i.e. the time before the aerosols become available for removal by wet deposition. This study compares two different parameterizations of BC aging in the chemistry transport model OsloCTM2: (i) A bulk parameterization (BULK) where aging is represented by a constant transfer to hydrophilic mode and (ii) a microphysical module (M7) where aging occurs through particle interaction and where the particle size distribution is accounted for. We investigate the effect of including microphysics on the distribution of BC globally and in the Arctic. We also focus on the impact on estimated contributions to Arctic BC from selected emission source regions. With more detailed microphysics (M7) there are regional and seasonal variations in aging. The aging is slower during high-latitude winter, when the production of sulfate is lower, than in lower latitudes and during summer. High-latitude concentrations of BC are significantly increased during winter compared to BULK. Furthermore, M7 improves the model performance at Arctic surface stations, especially the accumulation of BC during winter. A proper representation of vertical BC load is important because the climate effects of the aerosols depend on their altitude in the atmosphere. Comparisons with measured vertical profiles indicate that the model generally overestimates the BC load, particularly at higher altitudes, and this overestimation is exacerbated with M7 compared to BULK. Both parameterizations show that north of 65° N emissions in Europe contribute most to atmospheric BC concentration and to BC in snow and ice. M7 leads to a pronounced seasonal pattern in contributions and contributions from Europe and Russia increase strongly during winter relative to BULK. There is generally an increase in the amount of BC in snow and ice with M7 compared to BULK. However, in regions where the concentration of BC in snow is strongly underestimated with BULK compared to measurements, this increase with M7 is not sufficient to significantly improve the comparison.
A Malicious Use of a Clustering Algorithm to Threaten the Privacy of a Social Networking Site User

This article explores the potential of data mining as a technique that could be used by malicious data miners to threaten the privacy of Social Network Sites (SNSs) users. It applies a data mining algorithm, specifically a clustering algorithm, to a hypothetical dataset to show the ease at which characteristics about the SNSs users can be discovered and used in a way that could invade their privacy. One important outcome of exploring the threats from data mining on individuals' privacy is enable SNSs developers better understand the ways in which SNSs can be used by malevolent data miners to harm users. Another important outcome is to help developers of SNSs develop mechanisms that will provide protection to users from these knowledge discovery techniques.
Live 3D Reconstruction on Mobile Phones

This thesis presents a system for mobile devices with a single camera and an inertial measurement unit that allows to create dense 3D models. The whole process is interactive, the reconstruction is incrementally computed during the scanning process and the user gets direct feedback of the progress. The system lls the gap in currently existing cloud-based mobile reconstruction services by giving the user a preview directly on the phone without having to upload the images to a server. The on-device reconstruction enables new applications where it is not desirable to send the raw images to a remote server due to security or privacy reasons. In addition, since the system is actively analyzing the scanning process, it can use the inertial sensor data to estimate the objects real-world absolute scale. This is not possible by only processing the images on a server. A novel visual inertial odometry algorithm that uses the Extended Kalman Filter framework to directly fuse image intensity values with the inertial measurements to estimate the camera motion is proposed. The fusion at this low level combines the advantages of the high accuracy from direct photometric error minimization with the robustness to fast motions when using inertial sensors. Thanks to the constrained model of the lter, it is possible to track scenes where other approaches using external correspondence algorithms will fail. The method works on a sparse set of image areas and can be e ciently implemented on mobile devices.