Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Prandtl number in the atmospheric boundary layer-where are we now ?

First-order turbulence closure schemes continue to be work-horse models for weather and climate simulations. The turbulent Prandtl number, which represents the dissimilarity between turbulent transport of momentum and heat, is a key parameter in such schemes. This paper reviews recent advances in our understanding and modeling of the turbulent Prandtl number in high-Reynolds number and thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that there are strong linkages between the mean flow properties such as the turbulent Prandtl number in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) and the energy spectra in the inertial subrange governed by the Kolmogorov theory. Such linkages are formalized by a recently developed cospectral budget model, which provides a unifying framework for the turbulent Prandtl number in the ASL. The model demonstrates that the stability-dependence of the turbulent Prandtl number can be essentially captured with only two phenomenological constants. The model further explains the stabilityand scale-dependences of the subgrid-scale Prandtl number in large-eddy simulation. The connections between mean flow properties and microscale energy distributions shed novel insights into the breakdown of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory under strongly stable conditions.
Does Intra-Site Connectivity Influence the Dynamics of Zooplankton Metacommunity in Freshwater Habitats?

The paper reported on a metacommunity analysis of zooplankton in two freshwater wetlands having contrasting ecological features for three seasons over a year. The effects of spatial connectedness, habitat fragmentation, environmental changes mediated by seasonal fluctuations and variability in assemblages of aquatic vegetation on the zooplankton community were compared. A total of 116 zooplankton species were recorded from both the study sites. Few zooplankton showed affinity for Site 1, whereas others were unique to Site 2. Sorensen‟s similarity index revealed that the two sites were moderately similar with respect to zooplankton composition, but were moderately dissimilar with regard to floral composition. The present study has tested Community Wide Character Displacement (CWCD) hypothesis based on the results which exhibited less similarities in the fragmented local habitats within the same wetland than two major distantly located wetlands in respect of zooplankton species composition. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis have revealed that direct connectivity might have played most vital role in shaping community structure especially in case of planktonic organisms, followed by the influence of seasons and macrophytes.
THE DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION in the financial planning industry

The Australian Government initiated the review of Future of Financial Advice (FOFA) to ensure the delivery of transparent and high-quality financial advice. High-quality advice is essential for the survival of financial planning firms but delivering high-quality advice alone is not sufficient to enhance firms’ profitability (Newman and Cowling 1996). These authors suggest that financial planning firms can enhance their profitability by delivering high-quality advice that generates high levels of customer satisfaction. It is worth noting that high levels of customer satisfaction can also enhance life satisfaction of customers (Irving et al. 2011). Given the importance of customer satisfaction, in order to translate high service quality to profitability and to increase life satisfaction for customers, it is very important for financial planners to understand the drivers of customer satisfaction when delivering these services.
CMTC-486243-MS Investigation of the Oil Recovery Mechanism during Laboratory CO 2 EOR Experiment with Unconventional Shale Cores through Compositional Simulation

After implications of hydraulic fracturing operations, the commercial production of tight formations and shale plays were successfully achieved in past decades. Due to the rapid decline rate after primary depletion of fractured reservoirs, extracting the remaining liquid hydrocarbon from the nano-Darcy permeability matrix becomes the next step. Previously conducted laboratory experiments demonstrated promising results by successfully recovering liquid hydrocarbon from preserved and unfractured sidewall unconventional core plugs. However, what are the driving forces behind this observed result was not well understood. In other words, is the hydrocarbon recovery associated with commonly known recovery mechanisms during CO2 EOR processes, such as viscous displacement, oil volume expansion, viscosity reduction and vaporization of lighter hydrocarbon components? Or, is it driven by other mechanisms that are frequently considered insignificant during conventional CO2 EOR processes? This study utilizes a commercial compositional simulator to investigate the oil production mechanisms from the matrix into the fractures. The process includes constructing a fine grid 3D model to simulate the previously conducted laboratory experiment, performing systematic sensitivity analysis, and evaluating the mechanisms that could potentially contribute to the oil recovery observed during the experiments. With laboratory scale modeling, the dominating mass transfer mechanism between the matrix and fractures, which in turn translates into oil recovery mechanism, is concluded to be diffusion. The work provided in this study can be used to enhance the accuracy for upscaled field simulations. However, whether CO2 EOR will unlock the unconventional liquid reservoir potential and make significant economic impacts at field scale needs to be carefully evaluated on a case by case basis. Introduction For the past few decades, due to the increasing demand of energy and the advancements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies, the industry reallocated its resources into exploring ways to produce oil from the previously unprofitable shale plays. The current technique to produce from the shale plays is through primary depletion. However, studies have shown that the recovery factor remains
FIRM CHARACTERISTICS AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA

Published accounting information in financial statements are required to provide various users - shareholders, employees, suppliers, creditors, financial analysts, stockbrokers and government agencies – with timely and reliable information useful for making prudent, effective and efficient decisions. The widespread failure in the financial information quality has created the need to improve the financial information quality and to strengthen the control of managers by setting up good firms structures. This paper investigates firms‟ characteristics from perspective of structure, monitoring and performance elements and the quality of financial reporting measured by modified model of Dechew and Dechev (2002) of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria.The study adopted correlational research design with pooled balanced panel data of 24 firms served as sample of the study using multiple regression as a tool of analysis. The result reveals that larger and more leveraged firms in Nigerian manufacturing sector are less likely to manage earnings and increase in sales as well as institutional investors serve as a monitoring tool of preventing managers from opportunistic behaviour in managing earnings. In addition, profitability and independent directors are positively associated with earnings quality while liquidity is inversely related with quality of financial reporting despite significant at 1% level of significance. In sum, firm characteristics of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria have impacted significantly on their financial reporting quality. Therefore, it is recommended among others that the shareholders of Nigerian listed manufacturing firms should ensure all the seven firm characteristics used in this study keep on improving to decrease manipulative accounting and increase the quality of financial reporting. Copyright
Variabilidade espacial do potencial erosivo das chuvas no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

Information about rainfall erosivity is important during soil and water conservation planning. Thus, the spatial variability of rainfall erosivity of the state Mato Grosso do Sul was analyzed using ordinary kriging interpolation. For this, three pluviograph stations were used to obtain the regression equations between the erosivity index and the rainfall coefficient EI30. The equations obtained were applied to 109 pluviometric stations, resulting in EI30 values. These values were analyzed from geostatistical technique, which can be divided into: descriptive statistics, adjust to semivariogram, cross-validation process and implementation of ordinary kriging to generate the erosivity map.Highest erosivity values were found in central and northeast regions of the State, while the lowest values were observed in the southern region. In addition, high annual precipitation values not necessarily produce higher erosivity values.
ree morphology responds to neighbourhood competition and slope in pecies-rich forests of subtropical China nne

Trees are able to respond to their local biotic and abiotic environment with morphological adjustments which improve resource acquisition and, thus, growth. In forests, light is broadly recognised as one of the major factors determining growth, and morphological responses comprise changes in crown architecture and stem stature. On sloping terrain, the interplay of phototropism and gravitropism may further affect morphological growth characteristics. However, different tree species are expected to show speciesspecific responses. In this study, we analysed three growth characteristics of tree individuals belonging to four species of two functional groups (evergreen: Schima superba, Castanopsis eyrei, deciduous: Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata, Castanea henryi) in a species-rich Chinese subtropical forest. Crown projection area, relative crown displacement and stem inclination were related to biotic (local species richness, functional richness, competition, stand age) and abiotic (slope aspect and inclination, soil depth) variables in the local neighbourhood of the tree individuals. We hypothesised that (i) there are species-specific differences in the morphological response of crown architecture and stem stature and (ii) that crown size and asymmetry as well as stem inclination are influenced by both, biotic and abiotic factors. In contrast to our expectations we were unable to reveal any species-specific differences in any of the three growth characteristics. The results of mixed effects models showed that crown area was mainly affected by the target tree’s dbh and biotic variables related to neighbours (competition, functional diversity), whereas stem inclination was mainly influenced by slope. Relative crown displacement was influenced by both, biotic and abiotic variables. We conclude that growth responses resulting in crown displacement and stem inclination seem to be an important mechanism to ameliorate foraging for light in our study area, but that these responses appear to be species-independent. The interplay of stem inclination and crown displacement allows for a plastic response of tree individuals in biotically and abiotically heterogeneous environments. Our results indicate that forest management in this region should focus on functionally diverse stands which are promoting crown area positively resulting in increased growth rates of individual trees.
Coatability of viscoelastic liquid curtain

Multilayer curtain coating has been used for more than 50 years in photographic industry for large volume production. One of the important operability limits of the process is the onset of air entrainment. Recent presentations at the 8 ECS in Karlsruhe [1] on the stability of viscoelastic liquid curtains concluded on strongly reduced application limits of curtain coating by stabilized liquid curtains trough the increase of viscoelastic behavior of the curtain liquid. While the stability of the curtain can be improved, the coatability of liquids with high apparent extensional viscosity is questionable. Almost no experimental data is available today in literature, dealing with the influence of extensional viscosity changes and their impact on coatability for multilayer curtain coating technology. The presented experimental data is thought to initiate theoretical reflections on the impact of viscoelasticity (herein represented by apparent extensional viscosity measurements) of the coated solution to the coatability limits of curtain coating.
A FEEDBACK MODEL FOR ASSESSING OUT-OF-REGION AIRPORT LEAKAGE

Airport leakage is a phenomenon that occurs when air passengers choose to travel longer surface distances to take advantage of better air services at an out-of-region airport (which we term the “substitute” airport), instead of using their local airport as would be expected (Suzuki & Audino, 2003). Leakage may play a substantial role in reducing passenger volumes at the local airport, which in turn can impact regional economic development, and have significant implications for regional transportation planning and airport planning.
Forty Years of Structural Durability and Damage Tolerance at Boeing Commercial Airplanes

As The Boeing Company enters its second century in commercial aviation, this paper reviews the progress made over the past forty years in the development and application of durability and damage tolerance methods across its commercial airplane product line, and ventures forward to look at future challenges and opportunities. The company’s pioneering efforts, which saw significant advances in the 1970’s and 1980’s with the development of comprehensive internal technology standards have been evolving, driven by shifts in the regulatory and competitive environments and significant technological developments. Successes are evident in terms of significant safety improvements and considerable reductions in service actions on airplanes designed since that time. Managing an aging fleet and the adoption of new regulations affecting maintenance planning have been, and remain some of the greatest challenges. New materials (composite and metallic) and assembly methods, and the ever-constant quest for productivity gains in the factory and in design and analysis processes are all further shaping the way durability and damage tolerance are being assessed and implemented.
Chapter 2 Battery Production and Simulation

As stated in the introduction, until today, the most relevant battery type for large applications is the LIB. LIB systems are commonly used for EV, stationary storage units and consumer electronics. Although new battery types and materials combinations are in development in order to improve the performance of batteries, LIB are expected to stay highly relevant (Kampker 2014). For this reason, the remainder of this section will focus on LIB.
Effect of fluid composition on growth rate of monazite in quartzite at 1 . 0 GPa 1 and 1000 ° C 2 3

12 The dependence of monazite coarsening rate on fluid composition was evaluated by 13 performing growth experiments in a piston cylinder apparatus at 1.0 GPa and 1000 °C. Results 14 show that the rate of monazite coarsening in quartzite + fluid is strongly sensitive to fluid 15 composition. Although other studies have shown that monazite solubility is higher in acidic 16 fluid, addition of 2 molal HCl to H2O decreased the growth rate. Textural observations and 17 modeling indicate that monazite growth in 2 molal HCl occurs through a combination of Ostwald 18 ripening and coalescence. Addition of 2 molal NaCl to H2O should have increased monazite 19 aqueous solubility and made the fluid interconnected, but the expected increase in monazite 20 growth rate did not occur, with monazite size distributions showing no change between 0 and 21 165 h and no measurable growth. Ion adsorption on the surface of monazite may have slowed the 22
A self referencing attosecond interferometer with zeptosecond precision

In this work we demonstrate the generation of two intense, ultrafast laser pulses that allow a controlled interferometric measurement of higher harmonic generation pulses with 12.8 attoseconds in resolution (half the atomic unit of time) and a precision as low as 680 zeptoseconds (10−21 seconds). We create two replicas of a driving femtosecond pulse which share the same optical path except at the focus where they converge to two foci. An attosecond pulse train emerges from each focus through the process of HHG. The two attosecond pulse trains from each focus interfere in the far field producing a clear interference pattern in the XUV region. By controlling the relative optical phase between the two driving laser pulses we are able to actively influence the delay between the pulses and are able to perform very stable and precise pump-probe experiments. Because of the phase operation occurs across the entire spatial profile we effectively create two indistinguishable intense laser pulses or a common path interferometer for attosecond pulses. Commonality across the two beams means that they are extremely stable to environmental and mechanical fluctuations up to a Rayleigh range from the focus. In our opinion this represents an ideal source for homodyne and heterodyne spectroscopic measurements with sub-attosecond precision. © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Identifying relationships between flood history , flood frequency and the provenance of surface sediments in a semi-arid terminal wetland

In semi-arid environments, dryland wetlands serve as key loci for biological diversity and productivity. This stems from their relative abundance of water and the comparative richness of their soils which are reinvigorated by the delivery of sediment and nutrients during relatively infrequent flood events. Therefore, to fully understand the nature of these environments, it is important to understand the links between the delivery of water and sediment (particularly with respect to varying sediment sources) to semiarid wetlands and the physical and chemical properties of the surface sediments deposited within them. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine the provenance (e.g. locally derived or fluvial sources) of surface sediments within a semi-arid wetland, the Narran Lakes Ecosystem in central eastern Australia; (2) determine how sediment provenance relates to flood frequency and flood history; and (3) identify variations in the physical and chemical properties of sediments with different sources. The study employs a set of 163 samples, collected along an irregular grid spaced at ~1.8 km, which were analysed to determine the physical and chemical properties of the surface sediments. The ratio of titanium to aluminium (Ti/Al) was used to differentiate between fluvial sub-catchment and locally derived sediment sources. The sourced sediments were then compared to flood frequency maps in the wetland and related to the flood history of the two principal source sub-catchments to see if sediment sourcing could be reliably linked with long term flood inundation patterns. The results of this study indicate that there are distinct and strong associations between the source of the sediments in a particular location of the wetland and the frequency of flooding that occurs there. These associations can be more completely understood by examining the flood history of the source sub-catchments. In addition, the sediments derived from each fluvial source and from locally derived hillslopes have distinct differences in their physical and chemical properties. Thus, the nature of the sediments and the resultant ecology of the Narran Lakes Ecosystem may be influenced by differential sediment sources.
Effects of Curcumin on A Renal Ischemia / Reperfusion Injury in Rats

This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and histopathological effects of curcumin on Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were used in the study and divided into control (C), sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and curcimin (CUR) groups (n=6). Laparotomy was performed under general anesthesia in I/R and CUR groups than the left renal pedicle was dissected it was clamped. Then, 1-h ischemia and 6-h reperfusion were applied. 500 mg/kg Curcumin was given intraperitoneally to the CUR group after ischemia application. MPO, IMA, MDA, NO, SOD, GPx, AOS, urea, and creatinine levels were measured in serum samples. MPO, MDA, NO, SOD, GPx, and AOS were also measured in tissue samples. The histopathological examination was performed. Serum and tissue AOS levels were significantly higher in the CUR group than in the I/R group (P<0.05). Tissue NO levels were significantly lower in the CUR group than in the I/R group (15.30±5.41 and 4.8±1.37, respectively) (P<0.05). Histopathological scores were also significantly lower in the CUR group than in the I/R group (P<0.05). The results showed that curcumin prevented I/R damage by decreasing oxidative stress in serum and tissue samples in rat renal I/R model.
3 Deliverable title : New techniques to use hyperspectral remote sensing for studying ecosystem processes

This report evaluates the ability of reflectance spectroscopy to detect changes in 14 soil physical, biological, and chemical properties and their derived Soil Quality Index (SQI) across the transformed land uses and develops a Spectral Soil Quality Index (SSQI) toward applying the technique of reflectance spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool of soil quality. Due date of deliverable: M36 Actual submission date: M39 Start date of the project: December 1, 2010 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor: BGU Contributors: Arnon Karnieli, Moshe Shachak, Tarin Paz
Fractional Integration at a Seasonal Frequency with an Application to Quarterly Unemployment Rates ∗

This paper utilises a general class of long memory model that allows a time series process to be fractionally integrated at both the zero and seasonal frequencies. This model is advantageous because it avoids the need for seasonally adjusting data and allows a wider range of long run behaviour to be incorporated into the modelling process. It is shown that a frequency domain maximum likelihood estimator easily and adequately estimates all of the parameters in this model. An important application is made by estimating seasonal ARFIMA models for quarterly US and UK unemployment rates. It is found that the data appear to be non-mean reverting when taking into consideration fractional levels of integration at the zero and seasonal frequencies, thus supporting the hysteresis hypothesis.