Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DETERMINANTS OF BOX OFFICE REVENUE FOR DOCUMENTARY MOVIES

This paper examines the domestic box office revenue determinants of movies from the documentary genre. The sample consists of the top 100 gross box office revenue documentary films released during 1978-2014. Regression results indicate the primary determinants of box office revenue for documentaries are the ability of a movie to achieve wide release, revenue generation from opening weekend, receiving a restricted rating, and award nominations. One of the more interesting results include the observation that within the documentary movie genre critical ratings do not significantly impact box office revenue based on the observation that documentaries receive relatively high critical ratings for most films, which negates the uniqueness of positive critical reviews. In contrast, acclaim via award nominations is a positive and significant determinant of box office revenue. The results provide evidence that critical acclaim via positive reviews does not help distinguish a documentary but award nominations can play a major role in helping a film achieve commercial success. JEL Classification: L8
Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep – waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep– wakefulness (S–W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculopupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S–W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4–5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although preand postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15–20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/ behavioral features of their S–W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S–W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest
Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of interventions to benefit orphans and vulnerable children: evidence from Kenya and Tanzania

To provide insight on the success of programs providing services to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) this paper analyzes cost-effectiveness of four programs in Kenya and Tanzania by comparing intervention costs to program outcomes. These results provide some evidence that investments in OVC programs-particularly (1) school-based HIV education and counseling for children and (2) savings and internal lending committees for guardians-can help improve the well-being of OVCs at a fairly low cost per beneficiary.
Removal of Hg2+ from aqueous solution using alginate gel containing chitosan

Glutaraldehyde-crosslinked alginate gel containing chitosan (AGCC) used for the removal of Hg 2þ ions from aqueous solutions. Three bead sizes were obtained and performed to study the uptake equilibrium and kinetics of Hg 2þ by AGCC (ca. an hour). The adsorp- tion capacity was found to be independent of adsorbent particle size indicating that sorption occurs in the whole AGCC bead. A high initial rate of Hg 2þ uptake was fol- lowed by a slower uptake rate suggesting intraparticle dif- fusion as the rate-limiting step. The rate of Hg 2þ uptake increases with decreasing AGCC bead size. AGCC also enhanced the rate and the capacity of Hg 2þ adsorption. The maximum Hg 2þ adsorption capacity of AGCC was found 667 mg/g, which is over 20 times higher than that of alginate bead. Our results reveal the well-distributed chitosan powders in the alginate gel bead and Hg 2þ ions can reach inside the chitosan bead. It indicates the feasibil- ity of using AGCC as metal adsorbent at low pH values, and allows the regeneration of adsorbent. Hg 2þ ions adsorbed on AGCC bead were desorbed effectively about 95% by H2SO4 at the third cycle. The use of AGCC for the removal of Hg 2þ ions from the waste streams appears to
Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites

Gravitational fiels of the satellites: flyby determination of C22, gravity results; Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto - interior models; Thermal considerations in the maintenance of intra-ice oceans on the icy Galilean satellites: melting relations, energy balances and equilibrium models, the probability of oceans and their thicknesses; Formation of the Galilean satellites.
Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence

This popular, topically organized, and thoroughly updated child and adolescent development text presents you with the best theories, research, and practical advice that developmentalists have to offer today. Authors David R. Shaffer and Katherine Kipp provide you with a current and comprehensive overview of child and adolescent development, written in clear, concise language that talks "to" you rather than "at" you. The authors also focus on application showing how theories and research apply to real-life settings. As a result, you will gain an understanding of developmental principles that will help you in your roles as parents, teachers, nurses, day-care workers, pediatricians, psychologists, or in any other capacity by which you may one day influence the lives of developing persons. Available with InfoTrac Student Collections http: //gocengage.com/infotrac.
Time‐domain formulation of cold plasma based on mass‐lumped finite elements

Recent advances in FDTD simulations of simple dielectrics have opened the possibility of various forms of local refinement [1]. These possibilities are based on writing FDTD as a special case of a finite element technique. We have shown [3] that these techniques can be extended to Body‐Of‐Revolution (BOR) FDTD which is well‐suited for modelling toroidal cavities. Further extending this technique to the time‐domain modelling of plasmas presents difficulties: The classical “Whitney” basis‐functions (and their analogues in toroidal geometries) are insufficiently smooth to be used as “testing” functions the time‐domain constitutive equations of cold plasma [2]. In this paper, we present a set of basis‐functions that can be used to write time‐domain cold plasma as a mass lumped finite element scheme.
Intercropping of root crops with chilli in charlands of Mymensingh

Adoption of intercropping may increases crop production instead of declining trend of agricultural land in Bangladesh. Thus, a field experiment on intercropping of root crops with chilli was executed at char area of Dori Bhabkhali in Mymensingh district during October 2014 to March 2015 to find out an appropriate intercrop for cultivation with chilli for higher productivity and maximum economic return. The experiment was consisted with five crop combinations viz., sole chilli, chilli + radish, chilli+ carrot, chilli + onion and chilli + garlic. Significantly the highest yield (green chilli) was obtained with sole chilli (10.26 t ha -1 ). Among the intercropping treatments, the highest chilli yield (10.31 tha -1 ) was obtained from chilli + garlic which were close to chilli + onion whereas the lowest (7.71 tha -1 ) was found in chilli + radish combination. Intercropping reduced 3 to 48 % chilli yield but total productivity as expressed by chilli equivalent yield increased by 80-135% over sole chilli due to the contribution of companion crops. The highest chilli equivalent yield (25.01 t ha -1 ), gross return (1250500 Tk ha -1 ), gross margin (1133500 Tk ha -1 ) and marginal benefit cost ratio (8.56) were obtained from chilli + garlic combination. Considering the experimental findings, chilli + garlic might be suitable combination for higher productivity and economic return. Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 109-114, 2015
Variable causes of social dysfunction in schizophrenia: The interplay of neurocognitive, personal, and intersubjective factors

Schizophrenia exerts its devastating effects mostly by causing a profound and poorly understood inability to function, affecting different aspects of everyday life from daily activities to a lack of social contacts, unemployment, and the consequences of stigmatisation. In empirical studies, social dysfunction is defined as a social performance measure, commonly based on the principles of cognitivism, and usually evaluated in laboratory and everyday settings. In schizophrenia, it is thought to be caused by cognitive dysfunction, related to brain dysfunction. From a medical perspective, schizophrenia is understood as a neurodevelopmental disorder resulting in a pattern of disconnection between important brain areas. Nevertheless, measures of neurocognition do not explain the expected amount of variance in social functioning. Other explanatory models of social dysfunction include structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and clinical phenomenology. Phenomenological accounts relate to the classical tradition in psychopathology, which describes schizophrenia as being marked by a certain “Gestalt”, which is in turn recognised as a distinctive and pervasive change in an individual’s self-experience and attunement to the surrounding world, thus emphasising the subjective experience of others. In the present paper, we intend to empirically explore the dilemma concerning the causes of social dysfunction in schizophrenia and to show how the comprehension, gained via a neuroscientific approach to a complex brain phenomenon can be meaningfully expanded by adding insights from different explanatory models. These models need to be operationalised so that all the data can be incorporated into a comprehensive statistical analysis.
The Quality of Managers in Centralized versus Decentralized Organizations

This paper examines the dynamic consequences of a greater centralization or decentralization of the decision-making authority to appoint successor managers on the quality of managers actually appointed. Our main result is that a greater centralization results in a greater variability over time in the quality of managers. An intuitive reason for this is that though a highly capable manager may have large beneficial effects on the managerial choices within a centralized system, because this manager has greater authority in such a system, a highly incapable manager placed in the same position has correspondingly large deleterious effects.
Local Spatially Dependent Driving Forces of Urban Expansion in an Emerging Asian Megacity: The Case of Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek)

Urban expansion and urbanization have been continuing to grow rapidly, especially in Asian megacities. Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) has emerged as the world’s second largest urban area, with a population of 28 million in 2010, where urban expansion has a significant impact on the local as well as the global environment. Efforts to control urban expansion must start from a clear understanding of its various driving forces at a local, regional, and global level. Studies of the interdependencies between these driving forces in the local spatial relationships in emerging Asian megacities remain limited. This study explores the driving forces of urban expansion in Jabodetabek by considering local spatial dependency and analyzes the spatial characteristics of this urbanized area as well as identifies spatial variations in the relationship between urban expansion and its driving forces by using Geographically Weighted Regression. The presented findings show that the driving forces affecting urban expansion in the Jabodetabek region vary spatially. Owing to the influence of the global and regional economies on Jabodetabek, we find that the demographic, infrastructural, and natural elements driving forces significantly affect urban expansion in this region according to location. Outside the core of this megacity, urban expansion in most areas is significantly affected by local demographic as well as infrastructural driving forces. Jakarta city, as the core of the Jabodetabek megacity, is becoming independent of these local driving forces, however, since it is now more characterized as a global city and thus tending to have more linkages with the world market.
The Role of Work Culture in Mediating the Effect between Organizational Justice and Pay Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of organizational justice, Pay satisfaction and Work culture on organizational commitment. In addition, this study aims to examine and explain the role of work culture in mediating influence between organizational justice and Pay satisfaction on organizational commitment. Design of this study was explanatory; with data collection used survey methods. The amount of sample is determined using a Slovin formula with proportional stratified random sampling technique. The number of respondents of this study was 100 employees. Methods of data analysis used Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). The results showed that organizational justice and Pay satisfaction has significantly influence on work culture. Organizational Justice and work culture have significant effect on organizational commitment, but Pay satisfaction is not significant effect on organizational commitment. Further, work culture acts as a perfect mediating influence between pay satisfaction and organizational commitment. Finally, the work culture acts as a partial mediation effect between organizational justices with organizational commitment to practical organization. Originality of this study proves the conceptual model that integrates the effect of organizational justice, Pay satisfaction, and organizational culture directly affect organizational commitment, and through the mediating role of work culture.
Unemployment Insurance and the Duration of Employment: Evidence from a Regression Kink Design

Can the potential availability of unemployment insurance (UI) affect the behavior of employed workers and the duration of their employment spells? I apply a regression kink design (RKD) to address this question using linked employer-employee data from the Brazilian labor market. Exploiting the UI schedule, I find 1% higher potential benefit level increases job duration by around 0.3%. Such result is driven by the fact that higher UI decreases the probability of job quits, which are not covered by UI in Brazil. These estimates are robust to permutation tests and a number of falsification tests. I develop a simple model to assess the economic relevance of this finding. It shows that the positive effect on employment duration implies that the optimal benefit level is higher than otherwise. More importantly, the model delivers a simple welfare formula based on sufficient statistics which can be easily linked to the data. A simple calibration exercise shows that this elasticity impacts welfare with a similar magnitude to the well-known elasticity of unemployment duration to benefit level.
Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control

IN RECENT years many of the traditional economic justifications of our antitrust laws have been seriously questioned. A new sophistication has developed, and economic activities frequently held illegal by the courts are now thought by many to be consistent with our antitrust goals. The rules against tie-ins, vertical mergers, predatory competition, among others, have to a greater or lesser degree had their theoretical foundations considerably weakened. Recently even cartels, the most venerable victim of American antitrust laws, have found their near champion.2 One practice, however, remains generally condemned in both the economic literature and the most recent Supreme Court rulings. Mergers among competitors would seem to have no important saving grace. The position has gained considerable legal currency that any merger between competing firms is at least suspect and perhaps per se illegal. The latter result seems especially likely when one of the combining firms already occupies a substantial position in the relevant market. Antitrust problems in the merger field seem more and more to be confined to discussions of relevant product and geographic markets and perhaps to the issue of quantitative substantiality.3 Presumably there is still a so-called failing-company defense to an illegal merger charge. The announced justification for this doctrine was that, if indeed the merged company was failing, then it was not actually a competitor in the industry.4 But there are strong suggestions that even that defense may be unavailable when a large corporation is making the acquisition, or when there is any chance of absorption by a non-competing firm, or when the acquired company has not "failed" enough.5
Motor Processes 1 Running head: MOTOR PROCESSES IN CHILDREN’S MENTAL ROTATION Motor Processes in Children’s Mental Rotation

Previous studies with adult human participants revealed that motor activities can influence mental rotation of body parts and abstract shapes. In this study, we investigated the influence of a rotational hand movement on mental rotation performance from a developmental perspective. Children aged 5, 8 and 11 years and adults performed a mental rotation task while simultaneously rotating their hand (guided by a handle). The direction of the manual rotation was either compatible or incompatible with the direction of the mental rotation. Response times increased with increasing stimulus orientation angle, indicating that participants of all age groups used mental rotation to perform the task. A differential effect of the compatibility of manual rotation and mental rotation was found for 5-year-olds and 8-year-olds, but not for 11-year-olds and adults. The results of this study suggest that the ability to dissociate motor from visual cognitive processes increases with age.
Genetic and immunological regulation of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by a combination of environmental factors and multiple genes. Animal models offer possibilities to keep environmental factors and selected genes constant and very large ”families” may be created. Therefore, an animal model known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which shows functional and pathological similarities to human MS is here utilized to characterize underlying genes and pathogenic mechanisms. We established congenic strains, PVG.LEW-Eae30-31, DA.PVG-Eae20-22, DA.BN-Eae4 & LEW.BN-Eae4 and DA.PVG-Eae19, encompassing previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) on rat chromosomes (RNO) 1, 4, 9 and 15 respectively. The DA and LEW strains are EAE susceptible both in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and spinal cord (SC) -induced models while the PVG and BN strains are EAE-
Willingness to pay and willingness to work for improvements of municipal and community ‐ managed water services

This study investigates household preferences, in labor time and monetary terms, for improved water services in Guatemala using sequential contingent valuation questions. The household survey was implemented in areas served by municipal and community-managed systems, which allows for comparing household preferences under those governance approaches. Results show that respondents with municipal services are willing to pay a substantial increase (more than 200%) in their water bills for reliable supplies of safe drinking water. They are also willing to work approximately 19 h per month for such improved services when labor hours are proposed as the payment vehicle. In contrast, households with community-managed services are not willing to pay or work for service improvements, even though they report to be quite dissatisfied with current services. Policy implications are discussed.
Preliminary Geologic and Engineering Assessment of the Pyroclastic Deposits in the Central Part of Harrat Rahat

Cenozoic volcanic rocks cover vast areas in the Arabian Shield consisting mainly of lava flows associated with pyroclastic de- posits namely scoria and cinders. Markets for pyroclastics include ag- gregate for road construction and surfacing, lightweight concrete and light weight-heat-insulating building blocks. These pyroclastic de- posits are also the main source for the natural pozzolanic material in the Kingdom. The purpose of this investigation is to survey the central part of Harrat Rahat and locate the most suitable sources of these de- posits. A reconnaissance survey was performed on over thirty volcan- ic cones in the specified area and four cinder cones that seem to have suitable scoria deposits both from the economic and engineering points of views, were selected. The preliminary investigations on these sites suggest that Jabal Ha- lat ash Shaykh show the best scoria occurrence in the investigated area. Jabal Al Hala and Jabal as Sahiliyah have suitable quantities of scoria while Jabal Suwah has limited scoria resources. The geology and geomorphology of the four sites are presented in this work. Some geological and geomorphological observations during this survey may help in identifying other craters that may make good sources of scoria deposits in other areas. Results of preliminary laboratory in- vestigations indicate that the material could be economically utilized as lightweight aggregate, cement additive and as heat insulating ma- terial. The measured parameters are compared with the specifications required by the ASTM and other designations. The results of the strength activity index and alkali silica reaction tests were not encour- aging, due to a technical problem, and the tests will be repeated on