Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive measurement of skeletal muscle blood flow using by photoplethysmography. Experimental studies on the human leg

Qiuxia Zhang, Non-invasive measurement of skeletal muscle blood flow using photoplethysmography. Experimental studies on the human leg. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. The purpose of this thesis was to validate a new non-invasive photoplethysmography (PPG) method for measuring relative changes in local muscle blood flow (MBF) in the human leg. Experimental conditions expected to impede or increase local MBF were used to test responsiveness of the PPG. The PPG method for monitoring blood flow in muscle following arterial occlusion and isometric and concentric contractions was validated (Study I). Invasive single-fibre laserDoppler flowmetry was used as a reference method. MBF increased significantly after arterial occlusion and following isometric and concentric contractions, as measured with both methods. Skin blood flow increased significantly after arterial occlusion but did not change significantly after muscle contractions. The effects of limb elevation and increased intramuscular pressure (IMP) on MBF and leg neuromuscular function were investigated (Study II). MBF decreased significantly, by 50%, and perfusion pressure was reduced from 65 mmHg to 17 mmHg when IMP was elevated to 40 mmHg by venous obstruction (elevated casted leg). Subjects experienced sensory dysfunction and muscular weakness only in the elevated leg. Study III examined whether or not PPG could detect MBF changes in response to exercise during elevated IMP and under conditions of normal IMP. MBF at rest after exercise was significantly lower when IMP was elevated compared to normal IMP. Study IV evaluated the ability of PPG to measure MBF during foot-transmitted vibration exposure. The filtering technique applied produced a marked reduction of the vibration-induced artefacts on the PPG signal, thus making it possible to measure MBF during vibration exposure. In Study V, changes in MBF following concentric muscular activity or leg activation with a venous foot pump were compared. MBF increased significantly following concentric muscular activity, but not following leg activation by the venous foot pump. MBF was significantly greater in the exercised leg compared with the leg exposed to the venous foot pump during venous obstruction. In conclusion, photoplethysmography, with the aid of a custom-designed probe, enables non-invasive, continuous assessment of relative changes in local MBF in response to, for example, arterial occlusion, muscle contractions, and increased intramuscular pressure. The PPG technique is a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for direct measurement of local MBF under clinical conditions with and without abnormally elevated IMP. MBF can be measured by PPG during vibration exposure using a filtering technique, thus extending the possibilities of applying this technique to different physiological and ergonomie conditions.
Attributable Fractions of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease for Mortality in the United States: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey With 27 Years of Follow‐up

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of conditions, from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Studies in the United States have reported an increased mortality risk among individuals with NAFLD; therefore, the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for mortality were examined.
Impact of KVK Training Programme on Socio- Economic Status and Knowledge of Trainees in Kathua District

The investigation was undertaken among 120 on-campus trainees and 120 off-campus trainees among six purposively selected villages from three blocks The trainees were selected randomly from each selected villages. Two variables namely respondents socio-economic status and their levels of knowledge about the training programme were measured by utilizing pre-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Findings of the study showed that 42.0 per cent of oncampus trainees had medium socio-economic status followed by low (35.0%) socio-economic status and only 23.0 per cent had high level of socio-economic status. However in case of offcampus trainees, 57.0 per cent had low socio-economic status followed by 40.0 per cent medium level and only 3.0 per cent possessed high level of socio-economic status. The study revealed considerable difference on and off-campus trainees regarding their socio-economic status. It was also found that 26 per cent respondents had medium and low level of knowledge (1.0%), wereas in case of on-campus trainees, 74.0 per cent respondents had medium level of knowledge, 17.0 per cent had high level of knowledge followed by 9.0 per cent who had low level of knowledge about the KVK training programme. This indicates that there has been significant difference between the on and off-campus trainees with regard to this knowledge about KVK training programmes.
European Journal of Education Studies-ISSN 2501-1111

Globally the access of women education is still a debatable issue in most of developing countries. This study investigated how some aspects of indigenous education affected girls’ access to secondary education in Wabena tribal in Njombe region. The study focused the role of indigenous education on girls’ community life, and its effects on girls’ access to secondary education. The study employed qualitative research approach. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and documentary reviews. The study found out that on reaching puberty, girls were denied access to secondary education or withdrawn from secondary schools to attend initiation ceremonies locally known as liwungo/likulo, which prepared girls for marriage. After initiation ceremonies, some girls engaged themselves in sexual relations, got pregnant while others were married and hence, lost their education opportunities. Therefore, perceived gender roles on household responsibilities and farm work, kept many girls at home as additional labour instead of attending secondary education. It was suggested that the society need to be sensitized on child rights to education; bad traditional practices; beliefs as well as attitudes that discriminate against girls’ access to education. Sensation campaigns have to involve stakeholders such as the government, CBOs, NGOs and religious organizations, public meetings, seminars and conferences.
Usher's and Hallgren's Syndromes

A study has been made of 35 patients belonging to 20 families, all diagnosed as Usher's syndrome (retinitis pigmentosa and deafness). The results indicate that there are four clinical types, which have been called Types I to IV. Genetically, they represent at least two, and possibly three or four, separate entities.
Interleukin-6 and Disease Severity in Patients with Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Febrile Urinary Tract Infection

An interleukin-6 (IL-6) response was detected in 81 patients with febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacteremic patients (n = 24) had higher serum IL-6 at inclusion and throughout the first 24 h (P <.01) and higher urine IL-6 from 6 h after start of therapy (P <.01) than did nonbacteremic patients (n = 57). The serum and urine IL-6 responses remained elevated longer in the bacteremic group. Patients with clinical signs of pyelonephritis had higher serum and urine IL-6 concentrations than did other patients in the study population (P =.058, P <.01, respectively). IL-6 high responders had higher temperatures (P<.05) and C-reactive protein levels (P<.05, P<.01) than did low responders. The results demonstrate that IL-6 responses accompany febrile UTIs regardless of bacteremia and that the response reflects disease severity. The results suggest that IL-6 produced in the urinary tract can trigger the systemic host response in the absence of bacteremia.
Exploring Microservice Security

Due to rapid transitioning towards digitalized society and extended reliance on interconnected digital systems, computer security is a field of growing importance. Software that we build should be secure, resilient and reliable both against accidents and targeted attacks. Themicroservice architecture, or conciselymicroservices, is a recent trend in software engineering and system design. Microservices are a way to build scalable and flexible distributed applications as a collection of loosely coupled services communicating over a network. In this thesis, we study the microservice architectural style from a security perspective. The contributions are as follows. We show that microservice architecture has inherent security benefits in terms of isolation and diversity. We explore how these inherent security benefits of microservices can be improved even further by maximizing interface security, avoiding unnecessary node relationships, introducing asymmetric node strength, and using N-version programming. Wedesign a taxonomyofmicroservice security giving an overviewof the existing security threats and mitigations. In this thesis, we argue that the defense in depth principle should be adopted for microservices. We discuss several prominent microservice security trends in industry. Furthermore, we present an open source prototype security framework for microservices. We take the defense in depth principle even further by focusing our attention on the self-protection and adaptive security properties. Also, we propose an architecture of an automated intrusion response system for microservices that uses gametheoretic approach. Finally, we analyze the security properties of the REST style, the most typical microservice integration solution. “thesis” — 2018/7/4 — 15:56 — page vi — #6
FEMALE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT USING EDMODO IN THE ELEVENTH-GRADE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY CURRICULUM IN OMAN

This study investigates the effectiveness of using Edmodo to teach the economic geography curriculum in Oman to improve eleventh-grade female students’ learning outcomes, using an experimental pre-posttest design, with experimental and control groups of 24 and 28 female students (respectively). An achievement test of economic geography was used to collect data. The results showed that using Edmodo significantly increased female students’ achievement.
A home based self-management rehabilitation programme for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : is it a feasible alternative to conventional rehabilitation?

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Health and social characteristics of homeless adults in Manhattan who were chronically or not chronically unsheltered.

OBJECTIVE This study compared health and social characteristics of two groups of homeless adults in Manhattan--those who were chronically unsheltered and those who were not. METHODS Outreach workers conducted brief, structured interviews with 1,093 unsheltered homeless adults. Respondents were later categorized as being chronically unsheltered on the basis of New York City criteria (sleeping without shelter at least nine of the previous 24 months). RESULTS The sample had high rates of substance abuse (65%), serious medical issues (42%), and repeated trauma (51%) and low rates of medical insurance (47%) and income entitlements (26%) entitlements. Sixty-seven percent were chronically unsheltered, and these respondents had significantly higher rates on several measures, including military service, incarceration, and mental illness. CONCLUSIONS The sick and aged nature of this population suggests that more aggressive efforts are needed to enroll unsheltered homeless people in income and health benefits and to create adequate housing opportunities with appropriate support services.
Primary particle acceleration above 100 TeV in the shell-type supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 with deep HESS observations

We present deep H.E. S.S. observations of the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946. Combining data of three years - from 2003 to 2005 - we obtain significantly increased statistics and energy coverage as compared to earlier 2003 & 2004 results. The data are analysed separately for the different years. Very good agreement of the gamma-ray morphology and the differential spectra is found when comparing the three years. The combined gamma-ray image of the 2004 and 2005 data reveals the morphology of RX J1713.7-3946 with unprecedented precision. An angular resolution of 0.06 deg is achieved, revealing the detailed structure of the remnant. The combined spectrum of all three years extends over three orders of magnitude, with significant gamma-ray emission approaching 100 TeV. The cumulative significance above 30 TeV is 4.8 sigma, while for energies between 113 and 294 TeV an upper limit on the gamma-ray flux of 1.6 x 10^-16 cm^-2 s^-1 is obtained. The energy coverage of the H.E. S.S. data is presumably at the limit of present generation Cherenkov telescopes. The measurement of significant gamma-ray emission beyond 30 TeV formally implies the existence of primary particles of at least that energy. However, for realistic scenarios of very-high-energy gamma-ray production, the Inverse Compton scattering of very-high-energy electrons and pi^0 decay following inelastic proton-proton interactions, the measured gamma-ray energies imply that efficient acceleration of primary particles to energies exceeding 100 TeV is taking place in the shell of the SNR RX J1713.7-3946.
Capacity building & change management. A guide for community services.

There have been significant challenges in recent years in the not-for-profit sector. In particular, change is a constant along with increasing recognition of the ongoing need to examine and develop the capacity of our people and organisations. In this new manual VAADA has sought to provide the field with a resource which can be used widely across the not-for-profit sector and particularly in agencies delivering primary health and community care services. Not least of the current challenges faced by many agencies are funding constraints and increasing service demands. Consumers often present with a range of complex and co-existing issues. More and more both consumers and funders look to agencies to provide a holistic response to these issues. In addition increasingly they look to agencies to involve consumers, their families and carers in determining how their problems would best be managed. Strong partnerships between agencies to enhance capacity, enable best practice and deliver holistic responses to consumer needs are critical. This manual aims to equip agencies to meet these challenges. It offers useful strategies which are practical to implement. It also provides step by step guidance and templates to assist agencies to translate them into practice.
An evidence-based guideline of using music therapy for managing pain in adults with cancer

of thesis entitled “An Evidence-based Guideline of Using Music Therapy for Managing Pain in Adults with Cancer” Submitted by Li Yim Yim for the degree of Master of Nursing at The University of Hong Kong in August 2012 Pain is a common problem that affects nearly all cancer patients (Kwekkeboom, 2008). There are various factors that constitute suffering to cancer patients. Apart from physical pain, cancer patients usually experience emotional crisis and spiritual struggles (Magill, 2008). Music therapy is believed to be one of the most effective treatments for cancer patients. It provides a holistic care to patients with cancer. It will not only manage the physical sensation, but also address the psychological, social and spiritual parts of the patients (Magill, 2009). Although current studies have suggested the benefits of using music therapy in reducing pain for cancer patients, it is not a common practice in Hong Kong. As the administration rate of music therapy relies heavily on the knowledge of the nurses (Kwekkeboom, 2008). Therefore, this paper aims at providing evidence on the use of music therapy. In the hope of a clinical guideline, it can increase the administration rate of music therapy for cancer pain management in clinical setting. Apart from the clinical guideline, an implementation and evaluation plan on music therapy will also be discussed in this paper. There will be a full description from preparation to evaluation. Nurses can make use of this reference guide to provide music therapy for their cancer patients in respect to pain management. An Evidence-based Guideline of Using Music Therapy for Managing Pain in Adults with Cancer by Li Yim Yim B.Nurs. H.K. U. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing at The University of Hong Kong.
Myasthenia Gravis: A New Hypothesis

I N a part of the world which has now adopted more sophisticated methods of brain washing, it was once the custom to expose those with unorthodox ideas to a trial by ordeal which consisted of the chewing of the Calabar bean. Today I wish to present you with some unorthodox ideas so let me start by asking you to throwaway the Calabar bean, or at least to keep its active constituent, physostigmine, out of sight, for I believe that this magic bean, or its synthetic competitors may have blurred our vision of the true nature of myasthenia gravis. First let me pay tribute to Mrs HonymanGillespie who has made these lectures possible and the Post-Graduate Committee who invited me to contribute to this famous series. The first lecture was given by Edwin Bramwell (1938) on the contributions of the Edinburgh school to the study of the reactions of the pupil of the eye. From him I learned that the mydriatic action of the Calabar bean was discovered by Sir Thomas Fraser in 1863when he was professor of materia medica in Edinburgh and a physician to the Royal Infirmary, and introduced to ophthalmological practice in the same year by the young Argyll Robertson in a paper read before the MedicoChirurgical Society of Edinburgh. Collier (1930) attributed the first British recognition of myasthenia gravis to this same Edwin Bramwell when he was starting his illustrious neurological career as a housephysician at Queen Square. Though first described by the Englishman Thomas Willis in 1672, the syndrome was unrecognized until the magnificent papers of Erb (1879) and
Observations of selected AGN with HESS

A sample of selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) was observed in 2003 and 2004 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS), an array of imaging atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes in Namibia. The redshifts of these candidate very-high- energy (VHE, >100 GeV) γ-ray emitters range from z = 0.00183 to z = 0.333. Significant detections were already reported for some of these objects, such as PKS 2155−304 and Markarian 421. Marginal evidence (3.1σ) for a signal is found from large-zenith-angle observations of Markarian 501, corresponding to an integral flux of I(>1.65 TeV) = (1.5±0.6stat±0.3syst) × 10 −12 cm −2 s −1 or ∼15% of the Crab Nebula flux. Integral flux upper limits for 19 other AGN, based on exposures of ∼ 1t o∼ 8h live time, and with average energy thresholds between 160 GeV and 610 GeV, range from 0.4% to 5.1% of the Crab Nebula flux. All the upper limits are the most constraining ever reported for these objects.
Evaluation of depression and anxiety on HIV/AIDS in- patient

Since its discovery, the expansion of HIV/AIDS epidemic has been considered an issue of great concern. Even along the advances in treatment and the increase in life expectancy of patients, there are still several implications involved in the infection and its evolutionary process which need deeper studies. One of these implications is the combination between the impact of the disease and the mental disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the levels of depression and anxiety of HIV/AIDS inpatient and also searching a combination of these levels with the degrees of T-CD4 lymphocyte. The sample included 46 HIV/AIDS in-patient admitted to the Hospital of Infectious Diseases (Hospital de Infectologia) in São Paulo. The results have indicated the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms, mainly on women, and the non-combination between the T-CD4 classification and the level of symptomatology, besides the combination between these symptomatologies. For future studies it is suggested to build simplified tracking tools, specifically designed for this population.
THE EFFICACY OF AN ENDODONTIC INSTRUCTIONAL MULTIMEDIA PROGRAM FOR ENHANCING THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF DENTAL STUDENTS

Member of Endodontic Research Center and Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Member of Endodontic Research Center and Associated Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Evidence-based medicine in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes

The principal themes in this year’s chapter are hypoglycemia, its problems and prevention, strategies to improve bone health and growth, and hyperandrogenism, new insights into the diagnosis and treatment together with reports of novel uses of growth hormone. Although the studies selected are among the best we identified, the challenges of obtaining high quality clinical evidence are there to see. Important consensus documents released include the American Diabetes Association statement about transitional care [1] and continuous glucose monitoring [2]. New information about the longer term safety of growth hormone treatment is gradually emerging albeit piecemeal at the present time (see chapter on Growth and Growth Factors) [3, 4], but as yet there is not enough high quality evidence to make it into this Yearbook chapter. However, when concerns are raised, we need to be reminded of why we use such a treatment to improve short stature [5]. As ever, what is presented is a small selection from an outstandingly good publication year, selected principally to inform and guide your everyday clinical practice.
Magnetic Features of Spin-1 One-Dimensional Ising System

In this work, we investigated the temperature and applied field dependence of the magnetization and quadrupolar moment of the spin-1 one-dimensional Ising system (S1-1DIS) by using Kaneyoshi approach throughout the Effective Field Theory (EFT). We determined that the S1-1DIS has a first or second order phase transition according to the crystal field, the magnetization of the S1-1DIS has a second-order phase transition for D=0 whereas the quadrupolar moment has no phase transition at Tc. The magnetization of the S1-1DIS has a firstorder phase transition for D = -2.6 at Tf but the quadrupolar moment has phase transition at Tf and it increases at T>Tf, paramagnetic magnetic susceptibility decreases monotonically at T>Tc whereas it has a broad maximum at T>Tf. Because of the MT=0.0 at T>Tc and Tf, it can be concludedthat susceptibility behaviors in the paramagnetic region result from the quadrupolar moment. On the other hand, the slope of the hysteresis curves of the MT decreases as the temperature increases and they become zero at high temperature. The theoretical first-order phase transition result of the S1-1DIS is the confirmation of the result of KH2PO4 (KPD) firstly reported by Kittel that one-dimensional system of the KPD undergoes a first-order phase transition at T≠0.