Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further validation of the IDAS: evidence of convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity.

The authors explicated the validity of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS; D. Watson et al., 2007) in 2 samples (306 college students and 605 psychiatric patients). The IDAS scales showed strong convergent validity in relation to parallel interview-based scores on the Clinician Rating version of the IDAS; the mean convergent correlations were . 51 and . 62 in the student and patient samples, respectively. With the exception of the Well-Being Scale, the scales also consistently demonstrated significant discriminant validity. Furthermore, the scales displayed substantial criterion validity in relation to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses in the patient sample. The authors identified particularly clear and strong associations between (a) major depression and the IDAS General Depression, Dysphoria and Well-Being scales, (b) panic disorder and IDAS Panic, (c) posttraumatic stress disorder and IDAS Traumatic Intrusions, and (d) social phobia and IDAS Social Anxiety. Finally, in logistic regression analyses, the IDAS scales showed significant incremental validity in predicting several DSM-IV diagnoses when compared against the Beck Depression Inventory-II (A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (A. T. Beck & R. A. Steer, 1990).
Dogfight in Spectrum: Combating Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Systems—Part II: Unknown Channel Statistics

The defense against the Primary User Emulation Attack (PUE) is studied in the scenario of unknown channel statistics (coined blind dogfight in spectrum). The algorithm of the adversarial bandit problem is adapted to the context of blind dogfight. Both cases of complete and partial information about the rewards of different channels are analyzed. Performance bounds are obtained subject to arbitrary channel statistics and attack policy. Several attack strategies, namely uniformly random, selectively random and maximal interception attacks, are discussed. The validity of the defense strategy is then demonstrated by numerical simulation results.
UML distilled - applying the standard object modeling language

Today, a software designer or architect who seeks to represent the design of a software system can choose from a wide variety of notational languages, each aligned with a particular analysis and design methodology. Ironically, this wide variety of choice is one impediment to the significant benefits promised by software reuse. The emergence of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) -- created by the joint efforts of leading object technologists Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James Rumbaugh with contributions from many others in the object community -- represents one of the most significant developments in object technology. Supported by a broad base of industry-leading companies, the UML merges the best of the notations used by the three most popular analysis and design methodologies, Booch, OOSE (use-cases), and OMT, to produce a single, universal modeling language that can be used with any method.Written for those already grounded in object-oriented analysis and design, this concise overview introduces you to UML, highlighting the key elements of its notation, semantics, and processes. Included is a brief explanation of UML's history, development, and rationale, as well as discussions on how UML can be integrated into the object-oriented development process. In addition, the book profiles various modeling techniques associated with UML -- use cases, CRC cards, design by contract, dynamic classification, interfaces, and abstract classes -- along with concise descriptions of notation and semantics and numerous insightful tips for effective use based on the authors' experience. In addition, the authors offer the first look at the emerging Objectory Software Development Process derivedfrom the methodologies of Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James Rumbaugh. To give you a feel for the UML in action, the book includes a Java programming example that outlines the implementation of a UML-based design.You will come away with an excellent understanding of UML essentials, insight into how UML functions within the software development process, and a firm foundation upon which to expand and build your knowledge of the Unified Modeling Language.
Die Riester-Förderung – das unbekannte Wesen

Die Verbreitung der staatlich geforderten privaten Altersvorsorge (Riester-Rente) verlauft insgesamt nach wie vor sehr dynamisch. Zehn Jahre nach Einfuhrung der Riester-Rente ist ihre Verbreitung jedoch in bestimmten Bevolkerungsgruppen noch relativ gering. Ein Grund dafur scheint zu sein, dass ein groser Anteil nichts von seiner Forderberechtigung weis. Damit kann bei diesen Personen die Forderung ihren Zweck nicht erfullen, die Entscheidung fur eine Riester-Rente positiv zu beeinflussen. Das mangelnde Wissen uber die Forderberechtigung ist in den unteren Einkommensgruppen, in denen die Riester-Rente am wenigsten verbreitet ist, am starksten ausgepragt. Zudem wissen viele, die einen Riester-Vertrag haben, nicht uber die Hohe der Forderung Bescheid. Dies beeintrachtigt die Akzeptanz der Riester-Rente und begunstigt Stornierungen. Die Fehleinschatzung der Forderhohe kann an der komplizierten Ausgestaltung der Forderung liegen. Bevor uber eine Anderung der Forderhohe oder gar uber ein Obligatorium nachgedacht wird, sollten die Informationen uber die Forderberechtigung intensiviert werden und eine weitere Vereinfachung der Forderung in Erwagung gezogen werden.
BIOGENESIS OF THE N-METHYL GROUP OF PYOCYANINE.

L-Methionine-methyl-C14 or L-serine-3-C14 was added in substrate amount to a medium containing D-quinic acid, glycerol, L-alanine, and salts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown on this medium, and the pyocyanine synthesized by the organism was isolated and degraded to give an estimate of radioactivity in the N-methyl carbon atoms. The methyl carbon atoms of methionine added to the medium supplied 66% of the N-methyl carbon atoms of pyocyanine and were not incorporated to any extent into the rest of the pyocyanine molecule. This was true even though this strain of P. aeruginosa did not require an exogenous supply of methionine to synthesize pyocyanine. The addition of unlabelled serine to the medium did not decrease the incorporation of the methyl carbon atoms of methionine into the N-methyl carbon atoms of pyocyanine. The labelled carbon atoms of serine-3-C14 were incorporated to a lesser extent and less specifically into the N-methyl carbon atoms of pyocyanine than were the methyl carbon atoms of methionine.
Restoration of focal multiple innervation in rat muscles by transmission block during a critical stage of development

1. The soleus, extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscles of the hind leg were paralysed by botulinum toxin injection in neonatal rats varying in age from 8 to 31 days. The soleus muscle was similarly paralysed in adult rats.
Evaluation of the post partum mare in relation to foal heat breeding. I. Rectal palpation, vaginoscopy and ultrasound scanning.

Summary Fifty-six post partum (p.p.) periods were studied in 41 mares. The mares were examined clinically (rectal palpation, ultrasound scanning, vaginoscopy) on the 2nd and 5th day p. p. and thereafter every other day until ovulation. Thirty-five mares were inseminated in the first p. p. oestrus. The conception rate in the first oestrus was 45.7% and the final conception rate was 94.3 %. The mares were examined rectally, with an ultrasound scanner and vaginal speculum. None of the parameters examined (uterine size, tone and contents; endometrial folds; amount and character of vaginal contents; oedema and colour of portio vaginalis; age) was correlated with the fertility of foal heat insemination. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an der Stute post partum bezuglich der Fruchtbarkeit im Anschlus an die Fohlenrosse I. Rektale Palpation, Vaginoskopie und Ultraschalluntersuchung Sechsundsiebzig post-partum (p.p.)-Perioden wurden bei 41 Stuten untersucht. Die Stuten wurden am 2. und 5. Tag p.p. sowie anschliesend bis zur Ovulation jeden 2. Tag klinisch untersucht (rektale Palpation, Ultraschall-Untersuchung, Vaginoskopie). Funfunddreisig Stuten wurden wahrend des ersten p.p.-Ostrus inseminiert. Die Konzeptionsrate beim ersten Ostrus betrug 45,7%, die endgultige Konzeptionsrate dagegen 94,3%. Die Stuten wurden dabei rektal, mit dem Ultraschall-Scanner und dem Scheiden-Speculum untersucht. Keiner der untersuchten Parameter (Uterusgrose, Tonus und Inhalt des Uterus, Endometriumfalten, Menge und Art des Scheideninhalts, Odematisierung und Farbe der portio vaginalis, Alter) war mit der Fruchtbarkeit im Anschlus an die Besamung wahrend der Fohlenrosse korreliert.
Automatic System for Recognition of Handwritten Character using Multiscale Neural Network

The constant development of computer tools leads to a requirement of easier interfaces between the man and the computer. Handwritten character recognition may for instance be applied to zip-code recognition, automatic printed form acquisition, or checks reading. The importance of these applications has led to intense research for several years in the field of off-line handwritten character recognition. In this paper character samples with multiple scales i.e. different pixel resolutions are prepared and then neuron is trained in WEKA 3.6 machine learning software for different classifiers. Results observed for different classifiers are compared with each other. If the character images have lower resolution, the training process is much faster. Percentage accuracy increases with increase in resolution of character image.
Effectiveness of sequencing connexin 26 (GJB2) in cases of familial or sporadic childhood deafness referred for molecular diagnostic testing

Purpose: Hearing loss is a common congenital disorder that is frequently associated with mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding the connexin 26 protein (Cx26). We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of direct DNA sequencing for detection of Cx26 mutations as a clinical diagnostic test.Methods: We designed a clinical assay using a three-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA sequencing strategy to detect all possible mutations in the open reading frame and flanking sequences of Cx26. The results of the first 324 cases of childhood deafness referred for diagnostic testing were analyzed.Results: A total of 127 of the 324 (39.2%) cases had at least one mutant Cx26 allele (36.1% of sporadic cases, 70% of familial cases). Of these 127 case, 57 (44.8%) were homozygotes or compound heterozygotes. Thirty-four different mutations were identified, including 10 novel mutations, 6 of which (T8M, K15T, R32L, M93I, N206S, and 511-512insAACG) may be pathogenic. We also provide new evidence on the pathogenicity or nonpathogenicity of 12 previously reported mutations, and clarify the confusing nomenclature of the 313-326del14 mutation.Conclusion: A simple and rigorous method for efficient PCR-based sequence analysis of Cx26 is a sensitive clinical assay for evaluating deaf children. Its widespread use is likely to identify additional pathogenic mutations and lead to a better understanding of the clinical significance of previously identified mutations.
Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15B is a survival factor for ERα‐positive breast cancer

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease at both the clinical and molecular levels. This heterogeneity may give rise to different therapy responses. Molecular profiling has facilitated identification of signatures for stratifying patients who would potentially benefit from given therapies. Previously, we reported on a subset of genes with the potential for predicting response of primary breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Herein, we report that patients with luminal (estrogen receptor α [ERα]‐expressing) breast cancer were enriched for nonresponders. To identify novel factors that contribute to the survival of breast cancer cells, a loss‐of‐function screen was performed with a subset of genes overexpressed in patients with disease resistant to chemotherapy. This approach led us to identify protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15B (PPP1R15B) as a factor with a potentially essential role in the survival of ERα‐positive breast cancer cells. Functional analyses showed that PPP1R15B depletion results in impaired proliferation due to unsuccessful transition of cells from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, and apoptosis induction. Moreover, our data revealed a regulatory role for PPP1R15B in activating ERα. Furthermore, a high level of PPP1R15B mRNA expression was associated with poor outcome following tamoxifen‐based therapy. Accordingly, knockdown of PPP1R15B expression sensitized tamoxifen‐resistant MCF‐7 breast cancer cells to tamoxifen while reducing ERα abundance in these cells. Our findings reveal a novel role for PPP1R15B in the survival and therapy response of ERα‐positive breast cancer and may open new avenues for tumor subtype‐specific therapeutic strategies in the era of personalized medicine.
Heat Stress in Tunisia: Effects on dairy cows and potential means

Tunisia has a Mediterranean climate characterized by high ambient temperatures for a long period. Thus, one of the challenges to dairy producers is heat stress. The objectives of this work were to characterize the environmental conditions to which Holstein cows are exposed in Tunisia using the Temperature Humidity Index (THI), examine heat stress effects on lactating cows and to suggest potential management strategies that can be used to reduce such effects. THI values were calculated using a 10-year period average monthly temperature and relative humidity data from different weather stations. Milk production and its relationship with THI were than examined using the data of herds under the dairy herd recording programme. Reproductive indices were calculated using data from four selected herds and their relationships with corresponding THI values were examined. Results showed that summer heat stress prevails in Tunisia for four to five months going from May to September with THI values being greater than 72. The highest THI values were recorded for summer and early fall. Milk yield per cow dropped by about 10% between March and August. First conception (CRI1) and overall conception rates (CR) were lowest in the summer and highest in winter. Regression equations between THI and CRI1 and THI and CR had high R 2 values suggesting a strong relationship between heat stress and reproduction. Maintaining cow performance under hot conditions requires the adoption of environmental control techniques, appropriate feeding strategies, improved nutritional practices, and genetic improvement programs such as crossbreeding for enhanced heat tolerance.
Distribution of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Binding Protein‐Immunoreactivity in the Rat Hypothalamus: Association With Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor‐, Urocortin 1‐ and Vimentin‐Immunoreactive Fibres

Corticotropin‐releasing factor binding protein (CRF‐BP) is a 37‐kDa protein with high affinity binding sites for both corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin 1. Previous studies have examined the distribution of CRF‐BP mRNA and peptide within the central nervous system. Due to the predominant cortical localisation, very little is known about CRF‐BP in subcortical structures including the hypothalamus. The present study employed immunohistochemistry to characterise the distribution of CRF‐BP‐like‐immunoreactive (‐ir) cells and fibres in the rat hypothalamus. Bipolar and multipolar CRF‐BP‐ir neurones were scattered throughout the rostro‐caudal extent of the hypothalamus. Distinct clusters of CRF‐BP‐ir neurones were identified in the anterior and posterior parvocellular and dorsal cap subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as in the dorsal hypothalamic area, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN), ventral premammillary nucleus and zona incerta. CRF‐BP‐ir fibres extending from the third ventricle were found in the mediobasal hypothalamus and within the arcuate nucleus‐median eminence region. Double immunostaining together with confocal microscopy demonstrated that the CRF‐BP‐immunostained fibres within the mediobasal hypothalamus coincided with vimentin immunostaining indicating that CRF‐BP‐ir is present within tanycytes. To define the relationship between CRF‐BP‐ir cells and endogenous ligands for CRF‐BP, double immunohistochemistry was performed to examine possible sites within the hypothalamus where CRF‐ or urocortin 1‐ir fibres innervate regions that contain CRF‐BP‐ir cell bodies. CRF‐BP‐ir cell bodies typically coincided with dense CRF‐ir, but not urocortin 1‐ir fibre innervation. CRF‐ir fibre innervation was moderate to high within the anterior and posterior parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN, the dorsal cap of the PVN, DMN and the zona incerta; all regions that contained CRF‐BP‐ir cell populations. These studies demonstrate that, within the hypothalamus, CRF‐BP‐ir cells and fibres are concentrated within a circuitry known to be involved in mediating neuroendocrine and autonomic responses to stress.
Distinct clinical expressions of striatocapsular infarction according to cortical manifestations

Striatocapsular infarction is known to have various neurologic manifestations including cortical symptoms. However, striatocapsular infarction patients without cortical dysfunctions can be easily found. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the properties and pathogenesis of two distinct expressions of striatocapsular infarction, striatocapsular infarction with and without cortical dysfunctions respectively. Forty‐eight patients were divided into two groups according to their initial manifestations. Forty‐eight patients with striatocapsular infarction were divided into cortical type of striatocapsular infarction (CSCI) and non‐cortical type (NCSCI) according to their initial manifestations. We compared the properties such as stroke risk factors, laboratory data, and clinical features and assessed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR angiography for possible mechanisms in each type of striatocapsular infarction. Patients with CSCI and those with NCSCI had similar characteristics, laboratory data and morphologic findings in MRI. CSCI patients had more profound initial neurologic manifestations [Both National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and Barthel index]. In MR angiography, patients with CSCI showed more frequent single middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis, whereas NCSCI patients had findings that were more heterogeneous. In conclusion, we found that not all the patients with striatocapsular infarction had cortical dysfunctions. It is possible for lesions with similar size and location to have different manifestations (cortical or non‐cortical) according to their vascular integrity.
Influence of substrate concentration on the stability and yield of continuous biohydrogen production

The effect of substrate concentration (sucrose) on the stability and yield of a continuous fermentative process producing hydrogen was studied. High substrate concentrations are attractive from an energy standpoint as they would minimise the energy required for heating. The reactor was a CSTR; temperature was maintained at 35°C; pH was controlled between 5.2 and 5.3, and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 12 h. Online measurements were taken for ORP, pH, temperature, %CO2, gas output and %H2, and data logged using a MatLAB® data acquisition toolbox. Steady‐state operation was obtained at 10, 20 and 40 g/L of sucrose in the influent, but a subsequent step change to 50 g/L was unsustainable. The hydrogen content ranged between 50% and 60%. The yield of hydrogen decreased as the substrate concentration increased from 1.7 ± 0.2 mol/mol hexose added at 10 g/L, to 0.8 ± 0.1 mol/mol at 50 g/L. Sparging with nitrogen improved the hydrogen yield by at least 35% at 40 g/L and at least 33% at 50 g/L sucrose. Sparging also enabled steady‐state operation at 50 g/L sucrose. Addition of an extra 4 g/L of n‐butyric acid to the reactor operating at 40 g/L sucrose increased the butyrate concentration from 9,830 to 18,900 mg/L, immediately stopping gas production and initiating the production of propionate, whilst the addition of 2 g/L taking the butyrate concentration to 12,200 mg/L did not do so. It was shown that operation at 50 g/L sucrose in a CSTR in butyrate fermentation is possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case Report: Autoimmune Disease Triggered by Exposure to Hair Straightening Treatment Containing Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde (FHO) is a multipurpose chemical that is an eye, nose, throat and skin irritant, sensitizer and allergen, as well as a class 1 human carcinogen. Brazilian hair treatments, containing high levels of FHO (up to 11%), have become regularly used that have the potential to expose clients to toxic levels in excess of current regulatory standards. We report on a patient who underwent a single hair treatment and subsequently developed an autoimmune disease. We review the relevant literature on autoimmune disease and formaldehyde exposure. Our case adds to existing knowledge and suggests that physicians ask their patients about commercial products that contain formaldehyde when diagnosing autoimmune conditions.
Lower Expression of SLC27A1 Enhances Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Chicken via Down-Regulated Fatty Acid Oxidation Mediated by CPT1A

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is recognized as the predominant factor affecting meat quality due to its positive correlation with tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Chicken IMF deposition depends on the balance among lipid synthesis, transport, uptake, and subsequent metabolism, involving a lot of genes and pathways, however, its precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, the breast muscle tissue of female Wenchang chickens (WC) (higher IMF content, 1.24 in D120 and 1.62 in D180) and female White Recessive Rock chickens (WRR; lower IMF content, 0.53 in D120 and 0.90 in D180) were subjected to RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Results showed that many genes related to lipid catabolism, such as SLC27A1, LPL, ABCA1, and CPT1A were down-regulated in WC chickens, and these genes were involved in the PPAR signaling pathway and formed an IPA® network related to lipid metabolism. Furthermore, SLC27A1 was more down-regulated in WRR.D180. B than in WRR.D120. B. Decreased cellular triglyceride (TG) and up-regulated CPT1A were observed in the SLC27A1 overexpression QM-7 cells, and increased cellular triglyceride (TG) and down-regulated CPT1A were observed in the SLC27A1 knockdown QM-7 cells. These results suggest that lower lipid catabolism exists in WC chickens but not in WRR chickens, and lower expression of SLC27A1 facilitate IMF deposition in chicken via down-regulated fatty acid oxidation mediated by CPT1A. These findings indicate that reduced lipid catabolism, rather than increased lipid anabolism, contributes to chicken IMF deposition.