Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of economic inmigration on labour opportunities of native-born workers : the Spanish case

espanolLa recepcion de inmigrantes es, tanto por su magnitud como por los potenciales efectos laborales que puede inducir, uno de los hechos mas relevantes que actualmente estan teniendo lugar en nuestro mercado de trabajo. Este articulo tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos inducidos por la llegada de mano de obra inmigrante sobre las oportunidades laborales de los trabajadores nacionales, aportando ademas indicios empiricos con los que interpretar los resultados que se obtienen. Para ello, utilizando los datos aportados por la Encuesta de Poblacion Activa (EPA) para el periodo 1997-2004, primero se compara la posicion detentada por los trabajadores nacionales e inmigrantes en el mercado de trabajo, para posteriormente estimar el efecto ejercido por la variacion de la tasa de inmigracion sobre distintas aproximaciones de las oportunidades laborales de los trabajadores nacionales. Los resultados obtenidos subrayan el hecho de que ambos colectivos se diferencian notablemente en cuanto a su ubicacion laboral. Ademas, se concluye un efecto negativo, aunque de escasa magnitud, entre la tasa de inmigrantes y las tasas de empleo y desempleo, que sin embargo aumenta al restringir el analisis para los colectivos menos cualificados EnglishThe reception of immigrants is one of the most important events currently occurring in the Spanish labour market, not only due to its magnitude, but also due to the potential effect it could have on employment. This article aims to assess the impact of the arrival of an immigrant workforce upon the labour opportunities of native-born workers and also to provide empirical evidence to interpret the results obtained. In order to do so, we will use data provided by the Spanish Labor Force Survey (EPA) during the 1997-2004 period, firstly comparing the position held by native- and foreign-born workers in the labour market, and then, evaluating the effect exerted by the changes registered in the immigration rate from different approaches regarding the labour opportunities of native-born workers. The results obtained highlight the fact that both groups are notably different regarding their labour positions. Moreover, a negative result, although not very substantial, arises from the comparison between the immigration rate and the employment and unemployment rates; however, the numbers are higher if we restrict the analysis to less-qualified groups.
The determinants of the UK Big Firm premium

Abstract Our study attempts to determine whether, and if so why, the large auditing firms are able to earn a premium on their audit work in the UK. We start by confirming the apparent existence of a Big Firm premium during the period 1985-2002. We examine industry specialisation, non-audit service fee and monopoly pricing explanations for the premium. The results of our tests of industry specialisation are mixed. There is little evidence that this premium is associated with industry specialisation when specialists are defined at the national level. Significant premia are observed if specialisation is defined at the city level, particularly if the auditor is the industry leader. However, when appropriate allowance is made for endogeneity. by modelling both audit and non-audit fees in a simultaneous equations framework, the Big Firm premium disappears. We find evidence to suggest that non-audit fees earned by auditors from their audit clients are positively related to the size of the audit fee and vice versa. Finally, when the sample is stratified by the size of audit client, we find no systematic evidence of anti-competitive pricing.
Assessment of Gap between Knowledge and Practices among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2 DM) patients who do not receive diabetes education (DE) have average knowledge on DM, and their practices about diabetes need to be improved. This prompted us to evaluate what happens when old diagnosed patients receive DE. The study therefore assessed the association between knowledge and practices in terms of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) among 500 diagnosed T2 DM using a cross-sectional design. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for assessing their knowledge. The mean knowledge score of the patients was 15.29 ± 3.6. A significant negative association was found between the knowledge score and the HbA1c level. Age was positively associated with HbA1c and WC. Duration of DM was positively and education was negatively associated with HbA1c. Gender was negatively associated with BMI while income was positively associated with BMI and WC. All the associations were significant. The diagnosed T2 DM patients are deficient of sufficient knowledge; the knowledge score and HbA1c have a significant negative relationship, not other actions. The risk factors for the patients’ outcome include old age, female gender, years of education, economic status, and duration of DM.
Estimating non-market values under scenario and policy ambiguity: the case of climate change mitigation in Australia

This paper proposes an extension to existing models of non-expected utility (NEU) in the stated preference (SP) literature. The extension incorporates the impact of multiple sources of ambiguity in individual decision making behavior. Empirical testing of the proposed decision model was carried out in Australia using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation study of a national ‘Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS)’. The results of the study demonstrate that subjective expectations of the context scenario and subjective policy expectations are important determinants of individual decision making in a SP framework. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate that decision weight functions are non-linear (quadratic) in subjective scenario expectations and subjective policy expectation. Although evidence was found to link willingness to pay to scenario ambiguity, policy ambiguity was found to have no statistically significant influence on individual decision making
Analyzing the systematic risk of logistics service providers : The influence of market, industry and company effects

With this paper we want to find out which factors influence beta coefficient of logistics service providers. The systematic risk (beta coefficient, ? ) of LSPs becomes more and more important for strategic decision making of LSPs, as it helps calculating the cost of capital. The cost of capital is an important factor when assessing LSPs' (future) investments, strategies and performance.
Effect of Drying-Wetting Cycles on Saturated Shear Strength of Undisturbed Residual Soils

Due to world-wide distributions and extensively used as construction materials, geotechnical engineers are interested in understanding the mechanical behavior of residual soils which are sometimes referred in the literature as problematic soils. The climatic zones where residual soils occur are often experienced by many drying-wetting cycles due to seasonal variations. This seasonal variation in the water content termed as drying-wetting cycle is regarded as the most destructive environmental factor that may cause many foundation diseases. Considering these, the purpose of this study is to understand the effects of drying-wetting cycles on saturated shear strength characteristics of undisturbed residual soil. A series of consolidated drained (CD) triaxial tests are conducted on multiple drying-wetting soil specimens to analyze the saturated shear strength. The test results indicate that the stress-strain relationships appear to be strain-hardening. The deviatory stress and initial stiffness of saturated soils increase and the volume of soils becomes contractive as the net normal stress increases but decrease with increasing drying-wetting cycle numbers. The cohesion (cd) and internal friction angle (φd) decrease with increasing cycle number (N) but the attenuation rate of φd is less than cd. The variations of cd and φd with respect to drying-wetting cycles can be expressed by exponential function. The saturated shear strength and it’s attenuation rate due to drying-wetting cycles are analyzed. The effect is more significant for the first cycle and decreases with subsequent cycles and finally reaches to a constant state after 4 cycles. Furthermore, a mathematical function is proposed in this paper which can describe the saturated shear strength attenuation rate of drying-wetting cycle samples. Such studies are useful to understand the possible changes in shear strength behavior of residual soils below the engineering structures that are subject to periodic drying and wetting from climatic variations.
The relationship between neonatal factors and involving with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) and patients\' outcome in Fars Province

Introduction: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) or fauvism is the most common enzyme deficiency in human, so that 400 million people are living with this disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the role of some neonatal factors among newborns suffering from G6PD deficiency and neonatal outcomes associated with this disease. Materials and methods: In this study, two methods including case-control and retrospective cohort regarding some neonatal factors associated with G6PD deficiency were used. These methods were performed on 142 children with this kind of deficiency and 142 healthy infants in the city of Marvdasht during 2013- 2014. The analysis of data was based on chi-square tests, t-test, logistic regression, descriptive statistics and estimation of odds ratios or relative risks via SPSS16 software. Results: Totally 284 newborns including 132 (46.6%)/ 152 (53.4%) boys/girls and mean weight on birth of 3163 ± 471 (gr) were analyzed. Comparison of case and control samples did not show any significant differences between sex and involving with G6PD deficiency but the chance of having a baby with this defect in pregnancy intervals between 6 to 8 years was increased (95% CI: 1- 4.4, OR: 2). Relative risk of jaundice in infected and healthy infants was estimated as 3.73, which demonstrated a statistically significant association (95% CI: 1.33- 10.4). The frequency of low birth weight, birth order and type of delivery was associated with the disease, but their differences were insignificant compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the number of hospitalization is increased due to jaundice in infants with G6PD. There is also an insignificant relation between low birth weight, rank of birth and type of delivery. Thus, it is recommended that other consequences of this deficiency need to be revealed by screening other populations with more samples.
Changes in daily air pollution and mortality in Perth : a case crossover study

The monitoring of the common air pollutants in Perth has shown that concentrations exceed national standards for particles and photochemical oxidants (measured as ozone [O3]) on occasions in winter and summer respectively. By contrast, concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) are all below national standards. In this study, a time stratified case crossover design was used to investigate the relationship between changes in daily air pollutant concentrations and mortality in Perth. The data were analysed using conditional logistic regression to produce odds ratios. Mortality data were categorised into cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and 'other mortality' and were obtained for the period 1992 through 1998. Network air quality data and meteorological data were obtained for the same period. The results showed significant relationships between cardiovascular mortality and NO2 and O3 concentrations. Increased odds ratios were also observed for O3 concentrations and respiratory mortality, however, only for the 8-hour O3 concentration was the increase statistically significant. A significant odds ratio was also observed for changes in CO concentrations and 'other mortality'. The data support the findings of other Australian and international studies and will assist in the evaluation of strategies designed to reduce air pollution in Perth.
Retirement decisions in the presence of technological change: a theoretical and an empirical approach

The paper underlines the major role of productivity as a determinant of the worker’sretirement expectations. We propose an overlapping generation model with a continuum of heterogeneous ability workers. The labor market is endogenously segmented between worker’s having the required ability level to occupy jobs where the productivity is indexed to the technological state (complex jobs) and the rest of workers who are employed in positions whose productivity will be relatively deteriorated in case of technological change (simple jobs). We show that, for a given state of technology, workers in complex positions have a latter retirement date than those in simple positions. Furthermore, in case of a positive technological change, workers in complex positions delay retirement whereas those in simple jobs advance retirement. These findings are confirmed by our empirical approach, where we find that, after a technological change, workers who benefit from a skill upgrading training program have a higher expected retirement age
HYDRAULIC STABILITY OF COASTAL STRUCTURES MADE OF GEOTEXTILE SAND CONTAINERS (GSCS): EFFECT OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF GSCS

Due to their numerous advantages, Geotextile Sand Containers (GSCs /or Geobags) are getting increasingly popular as an alternative to conventional hard (rock / concrete) structures. This study attempts to evaluate the significance of the most important engineering properties and their influence on the hydraulic stability of GSC-structures. The most important engineering properties of GSCs are the mechanical properties of the geotextile material, the sand fill ratio, type of the fill material, the interface friction, etc. In fact most of these properties will affect the deformation of GSCs and the movement of sand inside the container. More importantly, these properties are interrelated. The importance of these aspects has been highlighted in many studies and projects worldwide. However, the knowledge about the influence of the sand fill ratio, the properties of fill material and the interface friction of GSCs on the hydraulic stability of GSC-structure is still very poor. Therefore, a series of experimental investigations were conducted, in order to better understand their effect on the hydraulic stability and to develop a computational tool and simple formulae for the hydraulic stability of different types of GSC-structures subject to different wave conditions. This paper contains some selected findings from these experimental investigations, which were performed at Leichtweiss-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources (LWI). Furthermore, the sensitivity of each GSC property on the hydraulic stability and new hydraulic stability nomograms are presented, including the implications for the engineering practice.
What Drives Competence Need? Analyzing the Impact of Drivers of Change on Job Competencies in Pakistan

The extant literature for any reason ignores to consider internal and external developments and their influence on management development needs (Muhlbacher, 2007; Muhlbacher Nettekoven, and Putnova, 2009). The present study attempts to address this gap and explores in detail internal and external drivers for changes and their influence on managerial competencies. The sample of the study comprised of 460 practicing managers working in various industries in Pakistan. The self-report measures of management competencies (Muhlbacher, 2007) and drivers for change (Muhlbacher, 2007) to measure and identify managerial competencies and internal and external drivers of change. The results of the study revealed that managers are more influenced by external development such as technological advancement, change at work place, economic situation and socio economic changes. The technological changes are seen as opportunity and significantly correlated with methodological competencies. The socio economic condition and change at work place are seen as threat and significantly correlated with leadership competencies. In internal changes HR practices are positively linked with social competencies like communication skills. Findings showed that external changes are mostly seen as threat and internal changes are viewed as opportunity.
GROSS ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND HISTOLOGY OF TESTIS AND VAS DEFERENS IN FRESHWATER CRAB BARYTELPHUSA CUNICULARIS (WESTWOOD 1836) (DEACAPODA: CRUSTACEA)

This study provides the description of the gross anatomy and histology of the male reproductive system of B. cunicularis. Results of present probe showed that the male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes, a pair of vas deferens ending into ejaculatory ducts and a pair of penises. Two pairs of gonopods (modified pleopods) are also present which are known to serve as copulatory organs which transfer the spermatophores into female gonopores. The macroscopic anatomy of the testes showed a similar pattern to that described in other brachyuran species: the paired testes, H like appearance, presence of gonopods, etc. Histologically, the testes consist of large number of testicular lobes containing spermatogonial cells that differentiate into spermatocytes and a collecting duct. Each testis as a whole is covered by a connective tissue sheath, the tunica. Vas deferens is almost circular in cross section and has a fibrous sheath of connective tissue and muscle fibres. Is lined internally by a layer of glandular epithelium and its lumen contain large number of spermatophores that are being transported towards the penises.
BILATERAL FORAMINA ON THE POSTERIOR ARCH OF THE ATLAS. Foramina bilateral en el arco posterior del atlas

Durante la diseccion de la region cervical de diez cadaveres (5 varones y 5 mujeres, con edad media de 81,66 anos) de una poblacion de Escocia, se observaron dos especimenes con canales bilaterales de las arterias vertebrales y otro ejemplar con un canal vertebral unilateral en el arco posterior del atlas (C1). En estas muestras, se observo que la tercera parte de las arterias vertebrales pasan a traves del foramen accesorio ubicado en el arco posterior del atlas. Anomalias del atlas y la arteria vertebral no son comunmente reportadas en la literatura; sin embargo, son importantes debido a su importancia en el diagnostico y tratamiento clinico. Foramenes bilate-rales en el arco posterior de C1 no se han informado anteriormente en una poblacion escocesa. Para los neurocirujanos y radiologos la presencia de este rasgo no metrico es importante a la hora de realizar operaciones o en la interpretacion de esta zona de la anatomia. During dissection of the cervical region of ten cadavers (5 males, 5 females: mean age 81.66 years) from a Scottish population, two specimens were observed to have bilateral vertebral artery canals and a further specimen had a unilateral vertebral canal on the posterior arch of the atlas (C1): in these specimens the third part of the vertebral artery passed through the accessory foramen. Anomalies of the atlas and vertebral artery are not commonly reported in the literature; however they are important due to their significance in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Bilateral foramina in the posterior arch of C1 have not been previously reported in a Scottish population. The presence of this non-metric trait is important for neurosurgeons and radiologists who may be operating on or interpreting this area of anatomy.
Association and Inhibition

What is inhibition? The “problem of inhibition” is one that has puzzled learning theorists for many decades. Once it had been demonstrated that pairing a CS (such as a tone or a light) with a US (such as food or shock) produced excitatory conditioning (Pavlov 1927, and see Chapter 2 of Mackintosh 1974), it was natural to consider if a signal could “undo” the effect of an excitatory CS. We now call such a signal a Conditioned Inhibitor. A viable recipe for producing conditioned inhibition is to use a design such as A+ AB-, which simply denotes trials where A and the US are paired, interspersed with trials where A and B occur in compound but without the US. The result is that B acquires the properties of being hard to condition to that US (i.e., it passes the retardation test for a conditioned inhibitor), and of suppressing excitatory responding when presented in compound with A or with another excitatory CS that has been conditioned with the same US (i.e., it passes the summation test for conditioned inhibition). In this chapter, we will ask what it is about B that enables it to pass these tests, and what it is about the A+ ABdesign that confers these properties. But first we must consider another use of the term “inhibition”, one that is just as prevalent amongst cognitive psychologists, but gives a somewhat different meaning to the concept.
Consistent Higher Derivative Gravitational theories with stable de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter Backgrounds

In this paper we provide the criteria for any generally covariant, parity preserving, and torsion-free theory of gravity to possess a stable de Sitter (dS) or anti-de Sitter (AdS) background. By stability we mean the absence of tachyonic or ghostlike states in the perturbative spectrum that can lead to classical instabilities and violation of quantum unitarity. While we find that the usual suspects, the F(R) and F(G) theories, can indeed possess consistent (A)dS backgrounds, G being the Gauss-Bonnet term, another interesting class of theories, string-inspired infinite derivative gravitational theories, can also be consistent around such curved vacuum solutions. Our study should not only be relevant for quantum gravity and early universe cosmology involving ultraviolet physics, but also for modifications of gravity in the infrared sector vying to replace dark energy.
The Molecular Gas Environment in the 20 km s−1 Cloud in the Central Molecular Zone

We recently reported a population of protostellar candidates in the 20 km s−1 cloud in the Central Molecular Zone of the Milky Way, traced by H2O masers in gravitationally bound dense cores. In this paper, we report molecular line studies with high angular resolution (∼3″) of the environment of star formation in this cloud. Maps of various molecular line transitions as well as the continuum at 1.3 mm are obtained using the Submillimeter Array. Five NH3 inversion lines and the 1.3 cm continuum are observed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. The interferometric observations are complemented with single-dish data. We find that the CH3OH, SO, and HNCO lines, which are usually shock tracers, are better correlated spatially with the compact dust emission from dense cores among the detected lines. These lines also show enhancement in intensities with respect to SiO intensities toward the compact dust emission, suggesting the presence of slow shocks or hot cores in these regions. We find gas temperatures of ≳100 K at 0.1 pc scales based on RADEX modeling of the H2CO and NH3 lines. Although no strong correlations between temperatures and linewidths/H2O maser luminosities are found, in high-angular-resolution maps we note several candidate shock-heated regions offset from any dense cores, as well as signatures of localized heating by protostars in several dense cores. Our findings suggest that at 0.1 pc scales in this cloud star formation and strong turbulence may together affect the chemistry and temperature of the molecular gas.