Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal tumors and its relationship to tumor‐cell differentiation

Carcinomas of gastrointestinal (colon, stomach, pancreas, liver) and of extragastrointestinal (bronchus, breast, tonsil, anus, ovary) origin and normal large‐bowel mucosa were studied by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In addition, an attempt was made to correlate the CEA content of the tumors with the degree of their cellular differentiation. In well‐differentiated tumors of the colon, including hypersecretory well‐differentiated mucoid carcinomas, CEA was abundant on the luminal tumor cell surface and in the lumina of the glands. In moderately differentiated ones, CEA was present in rather low concentrations on the luminal surface and in secondary glandular structures. In poorly differentiated anaplastic carcinomas, CEA was absent. In non‐cancerous colonic mucosa surrounding the tumor, in colonic mucosa distant from the tumor as well as in colonic mucosa taken at autopsy from subjects with non‐neoplastic extragastrointestinal diseases, CEA could not be found by indirect immunofluorescence. The CEA content of gastric carcinomas was lower than in colonic tumors, although the distribution was similar. In pancreatic cancers, CEA was present in variable amounts depending upon the differentiation of the individual tumor. In these malignancies, CEA was found not only on the luminal surface and in the lumina, but also in the cytoplasm of isolated tumor cells. CEA was not detected in carcinomas of extragastrointestinal origin by indirect immunofluorescence. The localization of CEA on the surface (probably glycocalyx) of the cell, together with its dependence upon a certain degree of tumor cell differentiation, suggest that CEA is a secretion product rather than a constituent of the tumor cell membrane.
Double photoionization of atomic helium and its isoelectronic partners at x-ray energies.

A simple and accurate procedure for calculating the rate of double photoionization of two-electron'' systems at very high photon energies is presented. Arguments are given to support the validity of the method used. In particular, we show that the many-body perturbation theory diagrams depend asymptotically on the choice of the gauge for the electric dipole operator. The ratio of double-to-single ionization is calculated to be 1.68% in agreement with the recent synchrotron measurements. For H{sup {minus}} and Li{sup +}, we predict ratios of 1.51% and 0.89%, respectively.
IMMUNOLOGICAL FACTORS IN HOMOGENOUS BONE TRANSPLANTATION. IV. THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS METHODS OF PREPARATION AND IRRADIATION ON ANTIGENICITY.

The effect of certain clinically employed methods of storage, sterilization, and chemical extraction on the antigenlcity of the bone homograft was studied. The test animals were mice of the C/sub 3/Heb/Fej and C/sub 57/Bl/ 6JAX strains, in which the isogenicity of the strains was demonstrated by successfully interchanging skin grafts between strain members. The acceleration of skin-graft rejection was employed to assess the effect of the various methods of preparation on the antigenicity of bone homografts. Acceleration was considered to have occurred when the mean skin-graft-rejection time for an experimental homograft series was significantly different from the mean rejection time of the skin-alone controls, but not significantly different from the mean rejection time of the fresh-homograft series. Implantation of a fresh-bone homograft was associated with a definite acceleration of the skin-graftrejection time, and with frozen-dried-bone homografts the mean rejection times of the test skin graft were not significantly different from the mean rejection times in the skin-alone controls. The mean rejection time with frozen homografts did not differ from that of the skin-alone controls. Some bone samples were submitted to high-energy electron irradiation (to doses of 2 Mrep), in addition to freezing. The mean rejection time of the animals receivingmore » the frozen-irradiated bone homografts could not be differentiated from that of either the skin-alone controls or the fresh homograft animals; therefore, the implantation of homografts irradiated after freezing appeared to have an indeterminate effect upon mean skin-graft-rejection time. Also, the effect of the frozen dried- irradiated homograft could not be differentiated from that of the skin-alone controls or the fresh homograft. Implantation of deproteinized autoclaved homografts also appeared to have an indeterminate effect on skin-graft rejection. It was concluded that fresh-bone homografts have antigens in common with skin. Freezing and freeze-drying bone homografts appeared to inactivate the antigens bone has in common with skin. Decalcification, deproteinization, and deproteinization and freezing of the bone homograft appeared to leave sufficient common antigens intact to result in acceleration of skin rejection. The indeterminate results were obtained with frozen-irradiated, frozen-dried- irradiated, and deproteinized-autoclaved bone may have been due to inadequate sample size. The problems of method and interpretation are discussed. The nature of bone antigens and their ultimate importance to the effectiveness of a bone homograft remain unsettled. (BBB)« less
A Melodic Similarity Measure Based on Human Similarity Judgments

Music software applications often require similarity-finding methods. One instance involves performing content-based searches, where music similar to what is heard by the listener is retrieved from a database using audio or symbolic input. Another instance involves music generation tools where compositional suggestions are provided by the application based on user-provided musical choices (e.g. genre, rhythm and so on) or samples. The application would then generate new samples of music with varying degrees of musical similarity. Although several similarity algorithms such as edit distance methods and hidden Markov models already exist, they are not fully informed by human judgments. Furthermore, only a few studies have compared human similarity judgments with algorithmic judgments. In this study, we describe an empirically derived measure, from participant judgments based on multiple linear regression, for determining similarity between two melodies with a one-note change. Eight standard melodies of equal duration (eight notes) were systematically varied with respect to pitch distance, pitch direction, tonal stability, rhythmic salience, and melodic contour. Twelve comparison melodies with one-note changes were created for each standard. These comparison melodies were presented to participants in transposed and non-transposed conditions. For the non-transposed condition, predictors of similarity were pitch distance, direction and melodic contour. For the transposed condition, predictors were tonal stability and melodic contour. In a follow-up experiment, we show that our empirically derived measure of melodic similarity yielded superior performance to the Mongeau and Sankoff similarity algorithm. We intend to extend this measure to comparison melodies with multiple note changes.
Longitudinal Study of Total Body Potassium in Healthy Men

Objectives: Total body potassium (TBK) is an index of fat-free mass and an accurate measure of body cell mass (BCM). To date, however, no longitudinal studies have evaluated body composition using TBK in aging healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to assess TBK and BCM in healthy men over a 21-year period, and to evaluate changes with age. Design: A 21-year longitudinal, prospective, observational study evaluating TBK and BCM and their relationship to changes with aging and body mass index (BMI). Subjects: Body composition of 133 healthy Italian men, 20 to 66 years of age, was measured by whole-body counting of 40K. TBK was calculated by using this formula: 40K × 8.474. BCM was calculated from TBK by using this formula: BCM (kg) = 0.00833 × TBK (mmol). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly from baseline to end of study (p < 0.01), with no change in TBK observed over the 21-year period. BCM summaries were tested to determine if any was a good predictor of BMI after age 30. Participants with a low maximum BCM (<27 kg) at an early age tended to exhibit decreased BMI as they aged, whereas those with a high maximum BCM (>27 kg) at an early age tended to show increased BMI as they aged. Conclusion: Despite an overall increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity over the 21-year period, a high maximum BCM at an early age was a predictor of an increase in BMI as men got older.
Optical Properties of Ultraviolet Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Devices Using ZnO-Cores With a MgO-Shell

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with a ZnO core were synthesized with subsequent surface passivation by MgO. The photo-enhancement effect of the near band-edge photoluminescence (PL) in ZnO nanocrystals, dispersed in ethanol, is investigated by observing changes in the optical properties after ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Finally, the operation as a light-emitting device (LED) was demonstrated experimentally for these ZnO-based quantum dots (QDs). The results indicate that this type of QDs might enable the development of electroluminescent UV sources in the near future.
Is blood really thicker than water? Assisted reproduction and its impact on our thinking about family

The traditional notion that a family is built around and based on blood or genetic ties is challenged when assisted human reproduction utilizing donor gametes is used. A focus on the family – in contrast to the individual – requires from medicine an extension of thinking in which a model that incorporates treating infertility and building a family becomes the norm. Such a model will require that attention is given to the psychological and social needs of the would-be parents, thus enabling them to approach their family building with confidence. This confidence is expected to carry through to their sharing with their offspring the nature of their family building and thus avoid the stigma that leads to secrecy. Research relating to dimensions of family building when donor insemination has been used is reviewed. The impact of professional attitudes, along with the policies adopted by governments concerning access to genetic information for offspring, significantly influences the families built with assistance of donor gametes or embryos. The evolution of professional thinking in this area is reviewed, along with the increasing involvement of governments.
Modelling and control of a three degree of freedom manipulator with two flexible links

The authors propose a model that is useful for real-time control of a robot with two flexible links moving in three dimensions. Each link is described by using a 3D spring/mass model; then, the whole arm is modeled by connecting the models of the individual links so as to treat change in feedback gain easily. By using this model, the equation of motion and the state equation of a 3D flexible robot are derived with Lagrange's method. It is shown that accelerometers attached to the tips of elastic links are adequate for observing the state variables that represent flexibility in the model. Finally, a controller designed by applying optimal regulator theory is described, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller can suppress vibrations of the arm. <<ETX>>
Meandering right pulmonary vein simulating the Scimitar syndrome.

A 51-year-old woman presented with clinical and chest x-ray film findings simulating partial anomalous pulmonary venous return below the diaphragm (scimitar syndrome). Angiography, however, revealed the scimitar vein turned cephalad at the diaphragm and drained into the left side of the left atrium. It is postulated that the abnormal left atrial drainage is via persistent thebesian veins.
Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and leukocyte count in children with lower respiratory tract infection

Background. Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common infection leading to unnecessary antibiotic treatment in children. Etiologic diagnosis is not immediately achieved, and the pathogen remains unidentified in a large number of cases. Neither clinical nor laboratory factors allow for a rapid distinction between bacterial and viral etiology. The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count in distinguishing pneumococcal, atypical and viral lower respiratory tract infection. Methods. PCT, CRP and leukocyte count were measured in children with microbiologically documented diagnoses of lower respiratory tract infection. The results were compared of children with pneumococcal, atypical and viral etiologies. Results. PCT and CRP showed significant correlation with a bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection. No significance was found for leukocyte count. Using a cutoff point of 2 ng/ml for PCT and 65 mg/l for CRP, the sensitivities and specificities for distinguishing bacterial from viral lower respiratory tract infections were 68.6 and 79.4% for PCT and 79.1 and 67.1% for CRP. The sensitivities and specificities for distinguishing pneumococcal from other etiologies were 90.3 and 74.1% for PCT and 90.3 and 60% for CRP, respectively. Conclusions. High PCT and CRP values show a significant correlation with the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection. PCT and CRP show good sensitivity for distinguishing pneumococcal from other etiologies. PCT shows higher specificity than CRP. PCT and CRP can help make decisions about antibiotic therapy in children with lower respiratory tract infections.
Effect of Previous Abdominal Surgery on Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

OBJECTIVE: The impact of previous abdominal surgeries on the need for conversion to open surgery and on short-term outcomes during/after laparoscopic colectomy was retrospectively investigated. DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from December 1996 through December 2009. SETTING: This study was conducted at Osaka Medical College Hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 1701 consecutive patients who had undergone laparoscopic resection of the colon and rectum were classified as not having previous abdominal surgery (n = 1121) or as having previous abdominal surgery (n = 580). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Short-term outcomes were recorded, and risk factors for conversion to open surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in operative time, blood loss, number of lymph nodes removed, or conversion rate between the groups. The rate of inadvertent enterotomy was significantly higher in the previous abdominal surgery group than in the not having previous abdominal surgery group (0.9% versus 0.1%; p = 0.03), and the postoperative recovery time was significantly longer in the previous abdominal surgery group than in the not having previous abdominal surgery group. Ileus was more frequent in the previous abdominal surgery group than in the not having previous abdominal surgery group (3.8% versus 2.1%; p = 0.04). Significant risk factors for conversion to open surgery were T stage ≥3 (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.89–3.75), median incision (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.23–9.41), upper median incision (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.29–5.42), lower median incision (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.09–3.12), and transverse colectomy (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.29–2.41). CONCLUSION: The incidence of successfully completed laparoscopic colectomy after previous abdominal surgery remains high, and the short-term outcomes are acceptable.
Effect of suture technique on blood velocity waveforms in the microvascular anastomosis of autogenous vein graft

In using autogenous vein grafts in microvascular surgery, maintenance of compliance at the site of anastomosis is of importance in achieving patency. Using high‐frequency, 20 MHz, pulsed Doppler ultrasonography to monitor blood flow velocity through the vein graft, we have evaluated the effects of continuous and interrupted suture technique on anastomotic compliance in vessels less than 1.5 mm in diameter. In 15 dogs, 15 procedures of each technique, using the continuous technique in one limb and the interrupted technique on the contralateral limb, patency rates for both techniques, documented by arteriography, are 100% at a mean follow‐up of 11 weeks. There were no significant differences in the blood velocity profile and pulsatility proximally, distally, and at the graft site between continuous and interrupted technique. This study confirms the suggestion that autogenous vein graft has sufficient elasticity to maintain normal arterial blood velocity waveforms.
How mothers choose babymilk brands.

Babymilks which had been on the market for many years were the most highly regarded by the women. Midwives had a greater influence in brand choice than health visitors, although overall the women's sisters appeared to be the most influential. Women expressed a need for more information regarding the nutritional content and differences between various babymilks, but from an unbiased source. The effect of subliminal advertising on the postnatal wards (i.e. by using ready-to-feed bottles of babymilk) was highly significant. There is no doubt that there is deliberate confusion of brand name advertising with impartial information.
Miniaturized broadband multisection coupled-line wilkinson power divider designed with the use of quasi-lumped element technique

The design of a miniaturized broadband Wilkinson power divider has been presented. To achieve broadband frequency response a three-section coupled-line structure has been used. All coupled-line sections have been realized with the use of a quasi-lumped-element approach, which allowed for significant miniaturization of the resulting network. Each coupled-line section has been designed with the use of a three-section equivalent circuit for which analytical expressions describing the required values of the lumped elements are given.
Four novel insecticidal sesquiterpene esters from Celastrus angulatus

Four new insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol esters with a β-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene skeleton, celangulatin C (1), celangulatin D (2), celangulatin E (3), and celangulatin F (4), and five known compounds 5–9 were isolated from the low-polar toluene extracts of the root bark of Celastrus angulatus by bioassay-guided fractionation. Their chemical structures were elucidated mainly by analyses of MS and NMR spectral data. Celangulatin C, E and F showed LD50 against Mythimna separata were 280.4, 1656.4 and 210.5 µg mL−1, respectively.
A memory-retrieval view of discourse representation: The recollection and familiarity of text ideas

According to most theories of text comprehension, readers construct and store in memory at least two inter-related representations: a text base containing the explicit ideas in a text and a discourse model that contains the overall meaning or “gist” of a text. The authors propose a refinement of this view in which text representations are distinguished by both encoding and retrieval processes. Some encoding processes “unitize” concepts in a text and some “relate” units to one another. Units are retrieved based on familiarity processes in recognition, whereas related units are retrieved based on recollective processes. This distinction was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1, readers comprehended sentence pairs in which some could be related by means of a causal inference, whereas others were only temporally related. Overall recognition was high in both conditions, but recollection, much more than familiarity, was sensitive to the causal manipulation. In Experiment 2, sentences began with a definite article as a linguistic cue to connect noun phrases or began with an indefinite article. The discourse manipulation had its primary influence on recollection. The authors suggest that the discourse model may be a collection of text ideas that are available to consciousness at retrieval. The gist-level representation of a text may not be a pre-stored structure; rather, it may be generated, in part, as a summary description of recollected text ideas.
Comparison of Sirolimus with Low‐Dose Tacrolimus Versus Sirolimus‐based Calcineurin Inhibitor‐Free Regimen in Live Donor Renal Transplantation

Between May 2001 and January 2003, 132 live donor renal allotransplant recipients were included in a prospective, randomized controlled trial where they were divided into two groups. All patients received steroids and basiliximab induction therapy. For maintenance immunosuppression, tacrolimus and sirolimus were used in group A. In group B, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and sirolimus were utilized. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 24 months. One‐year patient and graft survival rates were not significantly different between group A (96.9%, 92.3%) and group B (100%, 98.4%), respectively. However, the incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejection was less in group B but the difference was not statistically significant (13.5% vs. 18.5% in group A). Statistically significant better renal function was encountered among group B patients at two years post‐transplantation as measured by serum creatinine (1.25 vs. 1.43 mg/dl; P = 0.017) and calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (94.9 vs. 79.6 ml/min; P = 0.005). One year protocol biopsies showed insignificant differences relative to chronic allograft damage index (CADI) between either group (Group A: 2.41 vs. Group B: 2.69; P = 0.436). Conclusion: Similar outcome was noted among patients in whom calcineurin inhibitors were not included in their immunosuppressive regimen. The long term impact of this observation on graft survival and function needs longer follow up.
Dispersion of the group velocity direction of surface acoustic waves in layered structures

The dispersion of an angle between the phase velocity and the group velocity of surface acoustic waves (SAW) in layered structures ZnO[001]/Sapphire[001], AlN[001]/Sapphire[001] and InSb[001]/Y+128°LiNbO3 was studied. It was shown that this dispersion can achieve 30° in the frequency band of 500 MHz.