Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Definition, Incidence, and Epidemiology Proceedings From the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference

Objectives: Although there are similarities in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults and children, pediatric-specific practice patterns, comorbidities, and differences in outcome necessitate a pediatric-specific definition. We sought to create such a definition. Design: A subgroup of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome investigators who drafted a pediatric-specific definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome based on consensus opinion and supported by detailed literature review tested elements of the definition with patient data from previously published investigations. Settings: International PICUs. Subjects: Children enrolled in published investigations of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Several aspects of the proposed pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome definition align with the Berlin Definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: timing of acute respiratory distress syndrome after a known risk factor, the potential for acute respiratory distress syndrome to coexist with left ventricular dysfunction, and the importance of identifying a group of patients at risk to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. There are insufficient data to support any specific age for “adult” acute respiratory distress syndrome compared with “pediatric” acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, children with perinatal-related respiratory failure should be excluded from the definition of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Larger departures from the Berlin Definition surround 1) simplification of chest imaging criteria to eliminate bilateral infiltrates; 2) use of pulse oximetry–based criteria when PaO2 is unavailable; 3) inclusion of oxygenation index and oxygen saturation index instead of PaO2/FIO2 ratio with a minimum positive end-expiratory pressure level for invasively ventilated patients; 4) and specific inclusion of children with preexisting chronic lung disease or cyanotic congenital heart disease. Conclusions: This pediatric-specific definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome builds on the adult-based Berlin Definition, but has been modified to account for differences between adults and children with acute respiratory distress syndrome. We propose using this definition for future investigations and clinical care of children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and encourage external validation with the hope for continued iterative refinement of the definition.
Performance analysis of peak power and band-limited OFDM system with linear scaling

The performance of the orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) system over the strictly peak power and band-limited channel is analyzed in terms of the required input back-off, bit-error rate (BER), and channel capacity on the assumption that the power amplifier is perfectly linearized. The peak-power limitation is implemented by linearly scaling the band-limited OFDM signal such that the maximum peak power of each OFDM symbol is always below the saturation level of the amplifier. The theoretical performance analysis requires the knowledge of the distribution of the peak power normalized by the symbol-wise (local) average power, referred to as symbol-wise peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) in the paper, and we also develop a method to numerically calculate its statistical distribution. The analysis of BER performance suggests that the linear scaling causes practically negligible degradation. Furthermore, the benefit of additional application of simple PAR reduction schemes, such as symbol selection and deliberate clipping and filtering, is also examined.
Indoor short-range radio propagation measurements at 60 and 70 GHz

Millimeter-wave radios operating at unlicensed 60 GHz and licensed 70 GHz bands are attractive solutions to realize short-range backhaul links for future flexible network deployment. In this work, we report directional radio channel sounding performed at 60 and 70 GHz in large indoor short-range scenarios such as offices, a shopping mall, and a railway station. Initial channel characterization is reported through propagation path detection and analyses on diffuse scattering power and delay spread. The characterization reveals that specular mechanisms represented by propagation paths dominate over diffuse scattering in the measured scenarios because of the large area size of physical environments. The results furthermore show that the delay spread does not change much between 60 and 70 GHz, suggesting that the same channel model framework can be used for modeling the radio channels at the two frequencies.
Role of Carbohydrates in Thyrotropin Binding Sites

The role of carbohydrates in thyrotropin binding was studied by glycosidase treatment of human thyroid membranes. Removal of over 75% of membrane sialic acid resulted in a 50% increase of TSH binding, measured in 10 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1% bSA, pH 7.4, 37 degrees C (buffer A). This augmentation was due to an increase in binding to high affinity sites (Ka 1 X 10(10)M-1). The binding was highly specific and was not significantly inhibited by gangliosides. In contrast, low affinity binding of TSH was unchanged either in buffer A or in 10 mM Tris-acetate, 0.1% bSA pH 6.0, 4 degrees C (buffer B) and was inhibited by gangliosides. Treatment of membranes with beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-L-fucosidase had little effect on TSH binding. The data suggests that membrane-associated sialic acid inhibits TSH binding to high affinity receptors and that gangliosides are not involved in tthis TSH-receptor interaction.
A general framework for the use of logistic regression models in meta-analysis

Where individual participant data are available for every randomised trial in a meta-analysis of dichotomous event outcomes, “one-stage” random-effects logistic regression models have been proposed as a way to analyse these data. Such models can also be used even when individual participant data are not available and we have only summary contingency table data. One benefit of this one-stage regression model over conventional meta-analysis methods is that it maximises the correct binomial likelihood for the data and so does not require the common assumption that effect estimates are normally distributed. A second benefit of using this model is that it may be applied, with only minor modification, in a range of meta-analytic scenarios, including meta-regression, network meta-analyses and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy. This single model can potentially replace the variety of often complex methods used in these areas. This paper considers, with a range of meta-analysis examples, how random-effects logistic regression models may be used in a number of different types of meta-analyses. This one-stage approach is compared with widely used meta-analysis methods including Bayesian network meta-analysis and the bivariate and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) models for meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy.
Resonant magnetic x-ray-scattering studies of NpAs. I. Magnetic and lattice structure.

The magnetic x-ray scattering from a transuranium material, NpAs, has been measured. We report the intensity of the scattering as a function of photon energy in the range of the ${\mathit{M}}_{\mathrm{IV}}$ and ${\mathit{M}}_{\mathrm{V}}$ absorption edges (3.5 to 4 keV). Large enhancements are found at the M-edge binding energies, as is the case in uranium compounds. We have used the strong ${\mathit{M}}_{\mathrm{IV}}$ resonance (3.852 keV) to examine the magnetic struture of NpAs as a function of temperature. Differences between the phase diagram as studied previously by neutron diffraction and the present experiments may be ascribed to the near-surface sensitivity of x-ray scattering. In particular we observe some unusual ``domain'' effects that may be attributed to surface anisotropy. The higher resolution available in the x-ray experiments, as compared to the neutron experiments, has led to an understanding of the wave vector dependence as a function of temperature. We suggest that the change of the wave vector from its commensurate value of 1/4 (corresponding to a square wave 4+, 4- arrangement of magnetic moments) may be understood by introducing ``defects'' into the magnetic structure. We confirm the earlier work that showed the lattice initially distorted to tetragonal (from the NaCl fcc structure in the paramagnetic state) and reverted to cubic in the low-temperature triple-q antiferromagnetic phase.
Cardiovascular redox and ox stress proteomics.

SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative post-translational modifications (OPTMs) have been demonstrated as contributing to cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These modifications have been identified using antibodies as well as advanced proteomic methods, and the functional importance of each is beginning to be understood using transgenic and gene deletion animal models. Given that OPTMs are involved in cardiovascular pathology, the use of these modifications as biomarkers and predictors of disease has significant therapeutic potential. Adequate understanding of the chemistry of the OPTMs is necessary to determine what may occur in vivo and which modifications would best serve as biomarkers. RECENT ADVANCES By using mass spectrometry, advanced labeling techniques, and antibody identification, OPTMs have become accessible to a larger proportion of the scientific community. Advancements in instrumentation, database search algorithms, and processing speed have allowed MS to fully expand on the proteome of OPTMs. In addition, the role of enzymatically reversible OPTMs has been further clarified in preclinical models. CRITICAL ISSUES The identification of OPTMs suffers from limitations in analytic detection based on the methodology, instrumentation, sample complexity, and bioinformatics. Currently, each type of OPTM requires a specific strategy for identification, and generalized approaches result in an incomplete assessment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Novel types of highly sensitive MS instrumentation that allow for improved separation and detection of modified proteins and peptides have been crucial in the discovery of OPTMs and biomarkers. To further advance the identification of relevant OPTMs in advanced search algorithms, standardized methods for sample processing and depository of MS data will be required.
Characterization of the prostaglandin E2 sensitive (EP)‐receptor in the rat isolated trachea

1 Using a range of natural and synthetic prostanoid receptor agonists and antagonists, we have shown that the rat isolated trachea contains a heterogeneous population of prostaglandin receptor sub‐types mediating both relaxation and contraction of the smooth muscle. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) elicits smooth muscle relaxation of pre‐contracted preparations, the responses being well defined, with a mean potency (p[A50]) of 7.81 ± 0.05. 2 11‐deoxy PGE1 16,16‐dimethyl PGE2 and misoprostol were all full agonists at this receptor, whilst AH13205 was a low potency agonist, and sulprostone was inactive. 3 The EP1 receptor antagonist, AH6809 (5 μm), and the selective DP receptor antagonist, BW A868C (0.1 μm), had no significant effect on the concentration‐effect (E/[A]) curves to PGE2. 4 The putative EP4‐receptor antagonist, AH23848B, produced non‐competitive antagonism of the PGE2 response curves; pA2 values of 5.07 ± 0.15 and 5.24 ± 0.19 were obtained at concentrations of 30 μm and 100 μm respectively. 5 The synthetic thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46619, caused smooth muscle contractions, with a mean p[A50] of 6.90 ± 0.11. This response was antagonized by the TP receptor antagonist, GR32191B, yielding a mean pA2 of 8.31. 6 At concentrations of 1 μm and above, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and the IP‐receptor agonist, cicaprost, generally elicited concentration‐dependent relaxations of the rat trachea. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was without affinity or efficacy. 7 These data suggest that the rat isolated trachea contains EP‐receptors, TP‐receptors, and few, if any, DP, IP or FP‐receptors. The inactivity of sulprostone (EP3/EP1 receptor selective) and the low potency of AH13205 (EP2‐receptor selective) suggest that the rat trachea contains an atypical EP‐receptor that does not conform to the current classification system.
New method for prediction of insulating liquid AC breakdown

Paper compares three most widely used methods in insulating liquid breakdown prediction: cumulative stress method, stressed electrode area and stressed liquid volume. Breakdowns were measured on Midel 7131 on OTS100AF oil tester with two different electrodes at three gap distances. Prediction capabilities of three methods were tested with respect to results of conducted measurements and research done by other authors. The utilization of these methods is enhanced by application of numerical calculation of electric field. It is shown how these methods are interrelated and a proposal for their unification is given. Unification model is confirmed on measurements conducted in this and other research papers.
Determining Asset Criticality for Cyber Defense

Abstract : Current cyber network defense practices lack a standard methodology to properly determine event priority. Events are generally handled on a first-come first-serve basis. Some limited knowledge of target assets is applied, but in a non-standard manner based on the decision-maker's domain-specific knowledge. This not only requires proficient domain expertise, but is also very manpower intensive. We need an asset criticality metric that enables users to address events that target critical assets first. Determining asset criticality is not a trivial problem. The various contributing factors must be identified and combined. Hierarchical missions and commands that they support must be considered. Dependency relationships should also be factored in. In this paper, we report our ongoing research for determining asset criticality.
Proportion of treatment effect (PTE) explained by a surrogate marker

In time‐varying covariate analysis of clinical survival data, it is often of interest to estimate the proportion of treatment effect (PTE), along with its confidence intervals, explained by a surrogate marker. The conventional procedure for such an analysis fits data into two working models separately to estimate the treatment effects before and after adjustment of the covariate. The construction of confidence intervals for the PTE under the conventional procedure lacks support by standard statistical software such as SAS, and could be very computationally demanding even after the support is available in the future. To overcome this problem, we propose a new procedure to simplify the computation. Under the new procedure, the treatment effects before and after adjustment of the covariate are simultaneously estimated from a single model. More important than saving computational effort, the new procedure can also be effectively applied to multiple‐covariate models for the decomposition of overall treatment effect and for the comparison of PTE among several surrogate markers. The new procedure is applied to the motivating data example from the LIFE study, and demonstrates flexibility that the conventional procedure currently lacks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bovine papillomavirus E1 protein binds specifically DNA polymerase alpha but not replication protein A

Extracts prepared from either mouse cells or monkey cells were examined for the ability to support in vitro bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) DNA replication, and they were used in parallel as a source of host replication proteins for affinity chromatography. DNA synthesis exhibited an absolute requirement for BPV1 E1 protein. In contrast to previous observations, we found that low levels of E1 were highly efficient in initiating DNA replication in the absence of the BPV1 transcription factor E2. Surprisingly, COS-1 cell extract allowed a high rate of BPV1 DNA replication, supporting an efficient production of mature circular DNA molecules, whereas in mouse cell extracts, the replication products mostly consisted of replicative intermediates. Submitting the extracts to affinity chromatography allowed specific binding of DNA polymerase alpha-primase to E1 protein, up to a total depletion of the extract, regardless of the origin of the cell extract. Furthermore, replication protein A was not retained on E1 affinity columns, even when E2 was complexed with E1. These data confirm that the interactions between E1 and DNA polymerase alpha-primase do not exhibit cell-type specificity, as had already been suggested by data from in vivo and in vitro replication assays, but they imply that other cellular proteins may affect the level of E1-dependent replication.
Media for study of growth kinetics and envelope properties of iron-deprived bacteria

Ion-exchange chromatography was used to remove iron from complex and chemically defined laboratory media. The kinetics of metal cation removal from the media was investigated by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the results indicated that over 90% of the iron could be eliminated from certain complex media by this treatment. The treated medium was used for growth studies in a gram-positive and a number of gram-negative organisms that were isolated from infections in humans. High-molecular-weight outer membrane proteins that are known to be induced under iron-depleted growth conditions (iron-regulated membrane proteins) were observed when a number of gram-negative pathogens were cultivated in the treated media. Iron uptake by Staphylococcus aureus varied, depending on the iron content of the medium.
RETINAL ANGIOMATOUS PROLIFERATION WITH CHORIORETINAL ANASTOMOSIS IN CHILDHOOD COATS DISEASE: A Reappraisal of Macular Fibrosis Using Multimodal Imaging

Purpose: To describe the structural characteristics of retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomosis in childhood Coats disease and redefine the previously described macular fibrosis. Methods: Prospective observational case series of consecutive patients with Coats disease examined over a 1-year study period. Multimodal imaging, including color fundus photography, wide-field fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, was used to identify the features of macular retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomosis. Results: Retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomosis were present in 5 of 21 patients with Coats disease (24%). The lesions appeared as well demarcated, nodular retinal pigment epithelial detachments surrounded by exudate, with retinal vessels continuous with the underlying choroidal neovascularization. Conclusion: Retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomoses are features observed in a number of children (24% in the present series) with Coats disease and macular involvement. This lesion represents a distinct macular variant of Coats disease that underlies at least a proportion (all in the present series) of the previously described “macular fibrosis” and “subretinal mounds. ”
Effects of methotrexate on normal articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo

OBJECTIVE Methotrexate (MTX) has become the disease modifying drug of choice for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Direct effects of MTX on articular cartilage in vivo and in vitro were studied to determine possible adverse effects of the drug. METHODS For in vitro experiments, adult bovine articular cartilage explants were cultured in the presence of MTX (0 to 100 μM), and effects on DNA and matrix metabolism were studied. For in vivo studies, 48 adult female rabbits were treated with MTX (30 mg/kg/week intramuscularly) or placebo, respectively, for up to 12 weeks, and effects on the cartilage of the femoral condyles were assessed. RESULTS In vitro, MTX dose dependently increased the uptake of [3H]-thymidine, and decreased incorporation of [3H]-d-uridine into chondrocytes with a half maximal effect at 0.03 μM, suggesting inhibition of thymidylate-synthetase activity by the drug. MTX also dose dependently reduced the proportion of chondrocytes in S-phase, as determined by flow cytometry. MTX did not affect LDH release from chondrocytes or the proportion of viable cells, nor did it change the rate of protein synthesis, proteoglycan synthesis, proteoglycan breakdown, or the hydrodynamic size of newly synthesised proteoglycans. In vivo, MTX did not appreciably affect proteoglycan synthesis of the chondrocytes, proteoglycan content of the cartilage matrix, density of the chondrocyte population, or histological integrity of the cartilage. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest the absence of major adverse effects by MTX on articular cartilage proteoglycan metabolism. Chondrocyte DNA metabolism seems to be changed by MTX only in concentrations and exposition periods clearly exceeding those found in synovial fluid of RA patients receiving the commonly prescribed doses of the drug.
Some aspects of the probability sampling technique of controlled selection.

Abstract Data for the 1961 universe of nonfederal, short-term general medical hospitals in the United States are used to illustrate application of estimation and variance formulas for controlled selection, the probability sampling technique developed by Goodman and Kish. Some advantages of this sampling technique are discussed, and a controlled selection model is described. Comparisons are made between the variances of multiple stratification and those of controlled selection; the variances of the latter are seen to have two components, a between pattern and a within pattern component, where a pattern may be regarded as a first stage sample specifying the number of units to be drawn from each control cell. Three strategies for approximating the sampling variance are investigated. Each is seen to overestimate the per hospital estimate of bed capacity, admissions, and inpatient days, but to underestimate slightly the variance of average length of stay. The report that follows is believed to describe the first experience in programming controlled selection for an electronic computer. Steps in the preparatory work, whether for the manual or for the computer operation, are outlined. Some suggestions for continued program development are made.
The Global Village

6 people would possess 59% of the entire world's wealth, and all 6 would be from the United States 80 would live in substandard housing 70 would be unable to read 50 would suffer from malnutrition 1 would be near death, 1 would be near birth 1 would have a college education 1 would own a computer 89 would be heterosexual, 11 homosexual 60 Asians 12 Europeans 15 from the Western Hemisphere (9 S. Americans, 5 N. Americans, and 1 Oceanian) 13 Africans 50 would be female, 50 would be male 80 would be non-white, 20 would be white 67 would be non-Christian, 33 Christian 67: 20 Muslims, 13 Hindus, 13 non-religious, 6 Buddhists, 6 Chinese folk religionists, 4 Ethnic Religionists, 2 atheists, 2 New Religionists. The one remaining person in the village would represent all other religions, with Sikhs, Jews, Spiritists, Baha'is, Confucians, & Jains as some of the larger groups in this category. 20 people would earn 89% of the entire world's wealth 25 would live in substandard housing 17 would be unable to read 13 would suffer from malnutrition 1 would die within the year, 2 would give birth within the year 2 would have a college education 4 would own a computer We were unable to find a consensus on the ratio of hetersexual to homosexual people in the world and subsequently omitted that statistic.