Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic motivation of households to undertake private precautionary measures against floods

Abstract. Flood damage is on the increase due to a combination of growing vulnerability and a changing climate. This trend can be mitigated only through significantly improved flood risk management which, alongside the efforts of public authorities, will include improvements in the mitigation measures adopted by private households. Economically "reasonable" efforts to self-insure and self-protect should be expected from households before the government steps in with publicly-funded relief programmes. To gain a deeper understanding of the benefits of households' precautionary measures, telephone interviews with private home owners were conducted in the Elbe and Danube catchments in Germany after the floods of 2002 and again after the floods in 2005 and 2006. Only detached, solid single-family houses were included in this study, which is based on 759 interviews. In addition, market-based cost assessments were solicited based on a "model building". Expert interviews and a literature review – including catalogues and price lists for building materials and household appliances – were used as back-up information for the cost assessments. The comparison of costs and benefits shows that large investments, such as building a sealed cellar, are only economically efficient if the building is flooded very frequently, that is, if it is located in a high flood risk area. In such areas it would be preferable in economic terms not to build a new house at all – or else to build a house without a cellar. Small investments, however, such as oil tank protection, can prevent serious damage at low cost. Such investments are still profitable even if the building is flooded every 50 years or less on average. It could be argued that these low-cost measures should be made mandatory through the enforcement of building codes. Financial incentives built into insurance contracts coupled with limits set on governmental relief programmes would provide an economic motivation for people to invest in precautionary measures.
Meta-Analytic Review of Employee Turnover as a Predictor of Firm Performance

Previous research has primarily revealed a negative relationship between collective employee turnover and organizational performance. However, this research also suggests underlying complexity in the relationship. To clarify the nature of this relationship, the authors conduct a meta-analytic review in which they test and provide support for a portion of Hausknecht and Trevor’s model of collective turnover. The authors’ meta-analysis includes 48 independent samples reporting 157 effect size estimates (N = 24,943), tests six hypothesized moderator variables, and provides path analyses to test alternative conceptualizations of the turnover–organizational performance relationship. Results indicate that the mean corrected correlation between turnover and organizational performance is −. 03, but this relationship is moderated by several important variables. For example, the relationship is stronger in manufacturing and transportation industries (−.07), for managerial employees (−.08), in midsize organizations (−.07), in samples from labor market economies (−.05), and when organizational performance is operationalized in terms of customer service (−.10) or quality and safety (−.12) metrics. In addition, proximal performance outcomes mediate relationships with financial performance. The authors discuss implications of their results for theory and practice and provide directions for future research.
Bullying, Victimization and Fighting: Extent in Secondary Children

Bullying and victimization has become a matter of great concern in Schools in present scenario. The phenomenon of bullying behaviour has increasingly become a global problem. This is a kind of violence which threatens the well-being of teenagers and youths at schools and district. Bullying affects families, schools and people in the society. It may cause lake of self-confidence, fear and humiliation among youths via aggressive actions of others. Bullying accrue in a lot of environment such as schools, after-school programs, or among the youths' districts. The phenomenon of bullying behaviour has increasingly become a global problem (Gladden et al., 2014). Any behaviour exhibits by a person, with the intention to hurt another person physically or psychologically, without any cause, is considered an act of bullying (Nwokolo et al., 2011). In general there is a consideration that verbal bullying is a common aspect of childhood. The The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. The objective of the study was to identify the extent of bullying; victimization and fighting behaviour among rural and urban children. Three secondary and senior secondary schools from Hisar city and three secondary and senior secondary schools from village Ladwa (Hisar district) were selected at random. The study was conducted with all children enrolled in classes 6 th to 10 th from six selected schools. Total sample constituted of 1070 students, 570 from rural area and 500 from Hisar city. Illinois Bully Scale developed by Espelage and Holt (2001) was used to assess the bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour among school children. Children were personally interviewed about their bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour. Chisquare test was used to determine if there were statistically significant association between rural and urban children. The results revealed that there was no association between bullying, victimization, fighting, bullying-victimization, bullyingvictimization-fighting behaviour and rural urban setting. Majority of the children from both the areas i.e. rural and urban were engaged in mild level of bullying, victimization, fighting, bullying-victimization, and bullying-victimization-fighting behaviour. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 03 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
From growth to cycles through beliefs

I present a theoretical model where the economy endogenously adopts the technological ideas of a slowly evolving technological frontier, and show that the presence of a "technological gap" between unadopted ideas and current productivity can lead to multiple equilibria and therefore the possibility that changes in beliefs can be self-fulfilling, often referred to as sunspots. In the model these sunspots take the form of beliefs about the value of adopting the new technological ideas, and unleash both a boom in aggregate quantities as well as eventual productivity growth, increasing the value of adoption and self-confirming the beliefs. Moreover, I demonstrate that the scope for these indeterminacies is a function of the steady-state growth rate of the underlying technological frontier of ideas, and that during times of low growth in ideas, the potential for indeterminacies disappears. Under this view, technology becomes important for cycles not necessarily because of sudden shifts in the technological frontier, but rather, because it defines a technological regime for the economy such that expectations about its value can produce aggregate fluctuations where in a different regime they could not.
Gap analysis of the online reputation

Online reputation is a strategic element of firms’ competitiveness. Companies need to manage their reputations and the image that they communicate through the Internet. This paper proposes a model to determine the main aspects that define a competitive online reputation: coherence, veracity, and intensity. The traditional methods that have been used to determine service quality must be adapted to new digital developments and their effects on customers’ behavior. Therefore, a gap analysis is performed to define the key aspects that must be managed in order to create and maintain a powerful reputation and image in the companies’ communication. Since this subject is too complex to be implemented in distinct sectors and ambits, different lines of research are proposed to expand this new critical line of study.
Transient survey rates for orphan afterglows from compact merger jets

Orphan afterglows from short $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRB) are potential candidates for electromagnetic (EM) counterpart searches to gravitational wave (GW) detected neutron star or neutron star black hole mergers. Various jet dynamical and structure models have been proposed that can be tested by the detection of a large sample of GW-EM counterparts. We make predictions for the expected rate of optical transients from these jet models for future survey telescopes, without a GW or GRB trigger. A sample of merger jets is generated in the redshift limits $0\leq z\leq 3.0$, and the expected peak $r$-band flux and timescale above the LSST or ZTF detection threshold, $m_r=24.5$ and $20.4$ respectively, is calculated. General all-sky rates are shown for $m_r\leq26.0$ and $m_r\leq21.0$. The detected orphan and GRB afterglow rate depends on jet model, typically $16\lesssim R\lesssim 76$ yr$^{-1}$ for the LSST, and $2\lesssim R \lesssim 8$ yr$^{-1}$ for ZTF. An excess in the rate of orphan afterglows for a survey to a depth of $m_r\leq26$ would indicate that merger jets have a dominant low-Lorentz factor population, or the jets exhibit intrinsic jet structure. Careful filtering of transients is required to successfully identify orphan afterglows from either short or long GRB progenitors.
Financial Development, Industrialisation, Urbanisation and the Role of Institutions: A Comparative Analysis between India and China

This paper explores the impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on financial development by incorporating the role of institutional quality for India and China over the period of 1970-2013. We apply the bounds testing approach, which accommodates structural breaks, in order to test the presence of cointegration between the variables. The results show the existence of long-run dynamics between the series. Furthermore, we establish that industrialisation and urbanisation lead to financial development and that the lack of institutional quality and government size reduces financial development. Trade openness enhances Indian financial development but hinders Chinese financial development. The causality analysis depicts the bidirectional causality between urbanisation (industrialisation) and financial development for India. In the case of China, the urbanisation Granger causes financial development, and the feedback effect exists between industrialisation and financial development. Institutional quality is found to be the core factor in enhancing financial development in both countries with a feedback effect.
Activation of mGluR 2 / 3 receptors in the ventral prefrontal cortex reverses sensorimotor gating deficits induced by a systemic NMDA receptor antagonist

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, which is disrupted in schizophrenia. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist induced PPI disruption has become an important pharmacological model for schizophrenia; however, knowledge of the underlying mechanism remains incomplete. This study examines the role of NMDAR in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in NMDARs antagonist induced PPI deficits, as well as the NMDA receptor subtypes involved. We administered the NMDA antagonist MK-801 locally into the caudal pontine reticular formation (PnC), where the PPI mediating pathway converges with the primary startle pathway, and into the mPFC prior to behavioural testing. PnC microinjections had no effect on startle and PPI, whereas injections into the ventro-rostral part, but not into the dorso-caudal part of the mPFC, disrupted PPI. These effects could be mimicked by local injection of the NR2B subunit specific antagonist ifenprodil, whereas co-application of MK-801 and the mGluR2/3 agonist LY354740 had no effect on PPI. Moreover, PPI disruptions by systemically administered MK-801 could be reversed by local injections of LY354740 into the ventro-rostral mPFC, but not into the dorso-caudal mPFC. Our results indicate that NR2B subunit containing NMDARs in a specific subregion of the mPFC play a major role in PPI disruptions by systemic NMDAR antagonism. Our results further support the hypothesis that glutamate hyper-function in the mPFC is a main mechanism involved in sensory gating deficits induced by systemic MK-801, supporting the notion that this is an important mechanism in schizophrenia pathology. Received 15 April 2013; Reviewed 21 May 2013; Revised 2 August 2013; Accepted 5 August 2013; First published online 26 September 2013
1 Person Descriptions as Eyewitness Evidence

Two teenage girls were enjoying their family vacation in a hotel hot tub one evening. Shortly after their parents had left them, the girls were approached by a stranger, who proceeded to join them in the hot tub. Following several minutes of conversation, the stranger attempted to molest the older girl by touching her “private parts. ” The older girl struck the stranger in the face and told him to stop, and instructed the younger girl to find their parents. After the older girl shouted “rape” several times, the stranger finally exited the hot tub, gathered his belongings, and ran from the area. The girls would later describe the stranger as a male in his twenties, with no shirt, wearing tan/brown shorts and a shell necklace. He had dark hair, and a dark/suntanned complexion. Upon receiving the description, detectives released a BOLO (“be on the lookout”), and a suspect matching the description was detained 45 minutes later as he walked on the beach about a half-mile from the hotel. The girls were brought to the suspect and together identified him as the stranger they had encountered. The suspect was arrested for the crime, but prosecutors would later drop the charges when the suspect provided a detailed (and corroborated) alibi for his whereabouts at the time of the incident. Simply put, detectives had detained the wrong person. Person descriptions represent an important element for detectives in the investigation of any crime. Unfortunately, the descriptions provided by witnesses or victims tend to be rather nondistinct and, like the description provided by the teenage girls above, can frequently apply to many people in the vicinity of the crime. Although descriptions
Radionuclide Transport through Cement Matrices

Surface disposal is considered a suitable option for low and intermediate level (LIL) radioactive waste disposal containing mainly short lived radionuclides that decay up to insignificant radioactivity level in few decades or centuries. Cementitious materials are intensively used in disposal facility construction and also as waste immobilization matrix due to their ability to act as mechanical barriers and to prevent convective water flow. Also, these barriers will retard the transport (diffusion controlled) of dissolved radionuclides by a combination of mechanical constraints and chemical interaction with solid matrix. This paper presents the experimentally determined diffusion and distribution coefficients in Portland cement matrices for 3H and 137Cs, two of critical radionuclides from the LIL waste generated at Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant.
Oxygen diffusivities in mullite/zirconia composites measured by ^18O/^16O isotope exchange and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Oxygen diffusivities in mullite/zirconia composites were measured by ^18O/^16O isotope exchange and secondary ion mass spectrometry. They exhibited a wide range of values from 10^−21 to 10^−10 m^2/s at temperatures between 1000 and 1350 °C in the composites with 0 to 80 vol% zirconia. At a fixed temperature, oxygen diffusivities in high-zirconia composites were larger by at least eight orders of magnitude than those in low-zirconia composites. The percolation threshold occurred between 30 and 40 vol% zirconia, where oxygen diffusivities dramatically changed. There was a clear tendency of the activation energies of oxygen diffusion in composites to decrease with increasing zirconia contents. The large oxygen diffusivities in the high-zirconia composites were attributed to the interconnected channels of zirconia from the microstructural aspect.
Reduced Order Nonlinear System Identification Methodology

A new method is presented which enables the identification of a reduced order nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) which can be used to model the behavior of nonlinear fluid dynamics. The method uses a harmonic balance technique and proper orthogonal decomposition to compute reduced order training datawhich is then used to compute the unknown coefficients of the nonlinear ODE. The method is used to compute the Euler compressible flow solutions for the supercritical two-dimensional NLR-7301 airfoil undergoing both small and large pitch oscillationsatthreedifferentreducedfrequenciesandataMachnumberof0.764. Steadyanddynamicliftcoefficient datacomputedusingathreeequationreducedordersystemidentificationmodelcomparedwellwithdatacomputed using the full CFD harmonic balance solution. The system identification model accurately predicted a nonlinear trend in the lift coefficient results (steady and dynamic) for pitch oscillation magnitudes greater than 1 deg. Overall the reduction in the number of nonlinear differential equations was 5 orders of magnitude which corresponded to a 3 order of magnitude reduction in the total computational time.
Urinary schistosomiasis: Health seeking behaviour among residents of Kiri in Shelleng Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

The survey was designed to study community’s knowledge and health care seeking behaviour on urinary schistosomiasis in Kiri, Shelleng Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria, due to observetion that urinary schistosomiasis is on the increase because of inadequate control strategy. Two hundred and sixty four respondents were randomly selected and interviewed on the causes of urinary schistosomiasis and health-seeking behaviour through a structured questionnaires. Results obtained showed that respondents of secondary level (42.8%) mentioned bathing in contaminated water as the correct medium for the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis. Seventy five percent of the respondents had no idea on the mode of transmission of the disease . Females respondents within the age brackets of 16-20 years (100.0%) and 21-25 years(100.0%) had higher contacts with water on each day due to daily domestic needs. Management of haematuria were majorly based on visiting patent medicine store (29.5%), herbalist (17.0%) and drug vendors (11.4%). Many (37.5%) of the respondents do not seek for medical intrevention. Educational awereness affected the respondents’ knowledge on the correct drug used for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis. About 83.0% had no idea on chemotherapy used for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis. None of the respondents was able to mention paraziquantel as the correct drug used for the treatment of the disease. There is the need to educate the drug vendors and patent medicine store owners, the point at which people in rural communities get their medication for the treatment of the disease. These findings will be used for proper health education and planning to reduce to the bearest minimum urinary schistosomiasis among Kiri community.
The Introduction of Innovative Services in a State Owned Airline: A Case Study of an IT Migration Project

This study critically examines the transition process followed by a state-owned airline in a major IT migration project (introduction of novel electronic services). The change management process proposed by Kotter (1995) is examined in relation to the different phases identified, based on an interview based qualitative research. Focusing on the project team leaders a set of results is identified / determined, which provides significant insight into the key factors, deficiencies and outcomes of the project, with reference to the characteristics of a state-owned company. Further elaboration of the proposed methodology is deemed to be applicable in the identification of the weak and strong points of similar change projects.
Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) reduces availability of corms for seedling production through macropropagation technology

1 SUMMARY Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important fruits in Kenya for food security and income generation for major smallholders who own less than 10 hectares of land. The weevil (C. sordidus) is a devastating pest of banana especially in the warm regions. The larva is the most damaging stage of the weevil and causes tunnelling in the corm. Macropropagation technology is a cost effective method for mass production of banana seedlings from the corm. Heavy attacks by weevils on corms reduce their suitability of selection for propagation, leading to rejection. In this study, selected farms (in Central and Eastern regions of Kenya) were assessed for certification as sources of healthy banana corms for Macropropagation. In Eastern region, some plantations were heavily infested with weevils leading to a rejection rate of over 20% where the temperatures are warm, (25°C 30°C ) and favour thriving of the weevil. Although weevils are not transmitted from the corm to the suckers generated through macropropagation, the results show that chemical and cultural control measures should be taken to reduce weevil attacks and thereby increase availability of higher quality corms for propagation. The corms that are lightly infested should be well pared to remove all larvae and cured fully before placing in the propagation chamber.
Novel Polymorphic Expressed‐Sequence Tag–Simple‐Sequence Repeat Markers in Campeiostachys nutans for Genetic Diversity Analyses

Campeiostachys nutans (Griseb.) J. L. Yang, B. R. Baum et C. Yen is a widely cultivated grass that is used for forage. Considering its limited genomic resources, there is a strong need to increase the available data on this species, which would allow for the identification of genes useful for molecular breeding and lead to increased crop quality and productivity. Complementary DNA (cDNA) samples from 11 different tissues were sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing. A total of 106,220 unigenes were obtained via de novo assembly, and 82,863 (78.01%) unigenes were annotated based on similarity searches using known proteins. In addition, 8727 expressed sequence tag-simple-sequence repeat (EST-SSR) loci were identified. A subset of 480 EST-SSRs was randomly synthesized and screened for validation across a panel of 16 C. nutans accessions using 48 individual plants, with 113 polymorphic EST-SSRs generating 439 alleles. The number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content ranged from three to nine, 0.00 to 1.00, 0.51 to 0.84, and 0.39 to 0.82, respectively. Overall, the C. nutans transcriptomic sequences generated in this study provide both an important platform that will facilitate gene discovery for functional genomic studies and EST-SSR markers for use in breeding.