Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C9 in a Korean population.

AIMS To determine the frequencies of the variant alleles and the genotypes of CYP2C9 in a Korean population. METHODS Three hundred and fifty-eight healthy Korean subjects were studied. CYP2C9 alleles were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays and direct sequencing assays. RESULTS The allele frequencies were 0.934 for CYP2C9*1, 0.060 for CYP2C9*3 and 0.006 for CYP2C9*13. The CYP2C9*2,*4,*5 and *11 alleles were not detected. The frequencies of the CYP2C9*1/*1, *1/*3 and *1/*13 genotypes were 0.869, 0.120 and 0.011, respectively. CONCLUSION The frequency of the CYP2C9*3 allele in the Korean population studied was significantly higher than reported elsewhere, and a novel allele, CYP2C9*13, was found at a frequency of 0.006 (95% confidence interval 0, 0.012). Only three genotypes of CYP2C9, CYP2C9*1/*1,*1/*3 and *1/*13 were observed in this Korean population.
Economic Sector Portfolio Optimization in the Commercial and Retail Segments

Abstract . Credit disbursement is an investment decision in the banking business. Therefore, the concept of "high risk high return" becomes the focus of banks in managing credit. One of the effort of these banks to manage risk and enhancing/ increasing returns is forming their portfolio. This research was conducted in one of the state banks in Indonesia, which has the goal of increasing lending in the retail and commercial segments. Single Index Model is used to find the optimal composition of the economic sector. This model recommends economic sectors into the portfolio on the basis of Excess Return to Beta, which represents the difference between the rates of return in the form of interest income with a risk-free asset returns, divided by beta sectors of the economy itself. The results showed that the return portfolio can be improved and the risks derived using that approach. Banking business purpose is the return and growth so that the portfolio optimization needs to be supported with other parameters when the economic sectors that are not recommended put in a portfolio. Analysis of the performance of RAROC is a performance metric that of performance that computes net profit after adjusting for potential losses than capital allocation, can be used to help the formation of portfolios that received the return and risk are still in line with expectations. Keywords: credit, portfolio, risk and return, single index model Abstrak. Penyaluran kredit merupakan investment decision dalam bisnis perbankan. Oleh sebab itu konsep " high risk high return" menjadi fokus perbankan dalam mengelola kredit. Salah satu upaya perbankan mengelola risiko dan meningkatkan return adalah membentuk portofolio. Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu bank pemerintah di Indonesia yang mempunyai target meningkatkan penyaluran kredit di segmen retail dan commercial. Single Index Model digunakan untuk mencari komposisi optimal dari sektor ekonomi. Model ini merekomendasi sektor ekonomi yang masuk ke dalam portofolio atas dasar Excess Return to Beta yang merupakan selisih antara tingkat return berupa pendapatan bunga dengan return asset bebas risiko (SBI) dibagi dengan beta sektor ekonomi itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa return porofolio dapat ditingkatkan dan risiko diturunkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan tersebut. Tujuan bisnis perbankan adalah return dan growth sehingga optimalisasi portofolio perlu didukung dengan parameter lain ketika sektor ekonomi yang tidak direkomendasikan dimasukkan ke dalam portofolio. Analisis RAROC yaitu suatu metrik kinerja yang menghitung keuntungan bersih setelah disesuaikan dengan potensi kerugian dibanding alokasi modalnya digunakan untuk membantu pembentukan portofolio sehingga return dan risiko yang diterima masih sesuai dengan harapan. Kata kunci : kredit, portofolio, risiko dan imbal hasil, single index model
Benign Lesions of the Vocal Folds: Histopathology and Phonotrauma

Benign lesions of the vocal folds have various appearances. Histopathologic examination might provide the true diagnosis. Therefore, histologic slides of 74 patients (92 vocal folds) with clinically well-defined diagnoses were single-blind examined by a pathologist. Single histologic features did not differentiate between different clinical entities, but combinations make some diagnoses more likely than others. Ultrastructural examination of submucosal vessels in the three most common clinical entities (polyps, Reinke edema, and vocal fold nodules) showed an entity-unique pattern of abnormal increase of layers of basement membrane—like material. A potential pathogenetic model of benign lesions of the vocal folds is presented, employing a combination of histopathologic findings and their possible relations with various forms of trauma inducing and maintaining these lesions.
ADAMTS13 deficiency in severe postpartum HELLP syndrome

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Supply tightening or lack in demand: Is the sovereign debt crisis different from Lehman?

We estimate a structural econometric model for the credit market in Italy, using bank-level information and the responses of Italian banks to the Bank Lending Survey to identify demand and supply, with a specific focus on the recent financial crisis. The main results are the following. First, while in normal circumstances the functioning of the Italian credit market is consistent with a standard imperfect competition model, we find evidence of credit-rationing phenomena during phases of high tension. Second, supply restrictions have a stronger impact on lending when they reflect banks’ balance-sheet constraints rather than an increase in borrowers’ perceived riskiness. Third, the tightening during the sovereign debt crisis reflected to a large extent the common shock originating from the increase in the sovereign spread rather than idiosyncratic bank’s funding problems. Fourth, a counterfactual exercise indicates that the role of supply was stronger during the sovereign than the global crisis, mainly due to banks’ balance sheet and funding difficulties. We estimate that in 2012q2 interest rates were 220 basis points higher and the stock of loans 10 percent lower than what they would have been without the tightening of lending standards observed over the entire crisis.
CONSUMER SATISFACTION: A KEY FACTOR OF CONSUMER LOYALTY AND BUYING INTENTION OF A PDO FOOD PRODUCT

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between satisfaction, loyalty and buying intention as perceived by Spanish consumers. The food product object of analysis is the “Olive Oil from Bajo Aragon” with protected designation of origin (PDO). Design/methodology/approach – Firstly, scale development was based on the review of the most relevant literature regarding food marketing and agribusiness. Then, to adapt the scales to the specific context of analysis, in‐depth interviews to a small sample of consumers were conducted, and the information contained in the preliminary scales was also judged by a group of experts in the food sector. After that, data were collected through a structured questionnaire, where the consumer was asked to indicate his/her level of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements based on a seven‐point Likert scale. After the completion of the fieldwork, a depuration process (exploratory and confirmatory analyses of reliability and dimensionality) was performed and, as a result, 223 valid questionnaires were obtained. Finally, a structural equations model was applied to analyze the relationships among consumer satisfaction, loyalty and buying intention. Findings – The results show that a higher satisfaction leads to greater levels of loyalty and buying intention of the PDO “Olive Oil from Bajo Aragon”. In addition, in this specific context, the importance of consumers' perceptions regarding: the association of a traditional food product with a place of origin, territory, climate and know how of a geographical region; and the strict controls to which products under the protection are submitted by the regulatory councils were highlighted. Both aspects lead the consumer to infer a safety badge and food quality, which helps to develop feelings of satisfaction and loyalty, and a greater predisposition to buy the traditional product again. Practical implications – The results can derive important practical implications when developing marketing strategies. Thus, it can be underlined that PDO should strengthen the consumer satisfaction (affective evaluation), emphasizing the differential characteristics to provide for the organoleptic factors like colour, taste and smell. All these factors increase the experimented feelings by consumers, so it is possible to improve the added value of the food product in order to achieve higher behavioural and attitudinal consumer loyalty. In fact, consumers' attitudes to this kind of products will increase the repurchase intention. Originality/value – In this paper, the particularities of a traditional food product with PDO and the influence of these particularities on consumer satisfaction, loyalty and buying intention are analyzed. This fact implies a relevant contribution since the literature analyzing simultaneously the concepts of satisfaction, loyalty and buying intention is really scarce in this particular context.
Detection of solar-like oscillations in the bright red giant stars γ Piscium and θ1 Tauri from a 190-day high-precision spectroscopic multi-site campaign⋆

Context. Red giants are evolved stars which exhibit solar-like oscil lations. Although a multitude of stars have been observed with space telescopes, only a handful of red-giant stars were targets of spectroscopic asteroseismic observing projects. Aims. We search for solar-like oscillations in the two bright red- giant starsγ Psc andθ 1 Tau from time series of ground-based spectroscopy and determine the frequency of the excess of oscillation powerνmax and the mean large frequency separation �ν for both stars. Seismic constraints on the stellar mass and radius wi ll provide robust input for stellar modelling. Methods. The radial velocities ofγ Psc andθ 1 Tau were monitored for 120 and 190 days, respectively. Nearly 9000 spectra were obtained. To reach the accurate radial velocities, we used simultaneous thorium-argon and iodine-cell calibration of our optical spectra. In addition to the spectroscopy, we acquired VLTI observations ofγ Psc for an independent estimate of the radius. Also 22 days of observations ofθ 1 Tau with the MOST-satellite were analysed. Results. The frequency analysis of the radial velocity data of γ Psc revealed an excess of oscillation power around 32µHz and a large frequency separation of 4.1±0. 1µHz. θ 1 Tau exhibits oscillation power around 90µHz, with a large frequency separation of 6.9±0. 2µHz. Scaling relations indicate that γ Psc is a star of about 1 M⊙ and 10 R⊙. θ 1 Tau appears to be a massive star of about 2.7 M⊙ and 10 R⊙. The radial velocities of both stars were found to be modulated on time scales much longer than the oscillation periods. Conclusions. The estimated radii from seismology are in agreement with interferometric observations and also with estimates based on photometric data. While the mass ofθ 1 Tau is in agreement with results from dynamical parallaxes, we find a lower mass for γ Psc than what is given in the literature. The long periodic varia bility agrees with the expected time scales of rotational modulation.
Balancing flexibility and worker protection : understanding labor market duality in Poland

This paper analyzes the legal and actual gaps in working conditions and returns between permanent and temporary contracts, with a focus on civil law contracts, which are at the center of the debate on widening labor market duality in Poland. We find that net employment creation in recent years occurred largely through involuntary temporary contracts, especially among the low-skilled and young people. Even accounting for workers heterogeneity, we find a persistent wage gap between permanent and temporary contracts, and limited mobility across contract typologies. Insights from qualitative evidence suggest that narrowing duality without hurting the most vulnerable workers will require a reduction in administrative burdens and implicit costs associated with permanent labor contracts, while eliminating firms’ incentives to strictly prefer temporary contracts.
A study on profile of system of rice intensification (SRI) paddy growers of Karnataka

The study was conducted during 2009 – 2010 in Haveri, Chikballapur and Uttar Kannada districts of Karnataka state to assess the profile characteristics of farmers growing SRI paddy. Totally 120 respondents were interviewed for the study. Majority of the respondents were middle aged having medium land holdings. Almost equal percent of respondents belonged to high and medium income categories. Majority of them hailed from nuclear and big families possessed local cow and bullocks. Majority of them owned herds of medium size and followed direct method of feeding fodder. Extension contact and extension participation of the respondents was found to be medium. Majority of the respondents belonged to low utilization group with respect to news paper and radio and high in television utilization. More than half of the respondents grew paddy alone in Kharif. High percent of them were practicing SRI method in an area of up to 0.51 acre. Majority of the respondents allotted a land holding of up to 2 acres for paddy cultivation. Almost half of the respondents possessed high experience in paddy cultivation and majority of them were cultivating paddy for grains.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound using bolus injections of contrast agent for assessment of postprandial microvascular blood volume in human skeletal muscle

Methods capable of measuring blood flow in a tissue‐specific manner are needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using bolus injections of SonoVue® is an useful method for assessing postprandial changes in microvascular perfusion in the vastus lateralis muscle. Ten healthy, young subjects were recruited for this study. Six subjects participated in washout and reproducibility protocols to assess washout time of SonoVue® and the reproducibility of the method when measuring microvascular blood volume (MBV). Six subjects (two of which also participated in the washout and reproducibility protocols) participated in exercise and nutrition protocols, to assess the ability of the method to detect changes in MBV in response to these interventions. Intraday variation (coefficients of variation) for MBV indices, as assessed by peak signal intensity (PI) or mean plateau signal intensity (mPI), was high (PI: 19 ± 4·2%; mPI: 23 ± 3·3%). The exercise protocol induced significant increases in MBV indices (PI:+113%, P˂0·0001; mPI:+218%, P˂0·0001) acutely after exercise cessation. There were no changes in MBV indices in response to feeding during the nutrition protocol (PI: P = 0·51; mPI: P = 0·51). We conclude that CEUS using bolus injections of SonoVue® is not capable of detecting changes in MBV of vastus lateralis in response to feeding. This is probably due to the low reproducibility of the method. However, the method is capable of measuring changes in MBV in response to exercise. This method could therefore be used when investigating exercise‐induced changes in microvascular perfusion.
Reducing Phosphorus Losses from Surface-Irrigated Fields: Emerging Polyacrylamide Technology

Most P losses from surface-irrigated fields occur via runoff, are associated with eroded sediment, and can be minimized by eliminating irrigation-induced erosion. A convenient new practice that eliminates furrow irrigation-induced soil losses uses a high molecular weight, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) applied to initial irrigation inflows. We hypothesized that, compared to control furrows, PAM treatment would reduce field losses of ortho P, total P, NO 3, and lower tailwater chemical oxygen demand (COD). Two PAM treatments were tested: Igo applied 10 mg L - ' PAM only during the furrow advance (i.e., the application was halted after runoff began) and C I applied 1 mg L - ' PAM continuously throughout the irrigation. Soil was Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid) with 1.6% slope. Initial inflows were cut back from 23 to 15 L min' after 1.5 to 6 h. Total soil loss over four irrigations was 3.06 Mg ha ' for control furrows vs. 0.33 (C 1) and 0.24 (I I,)) for PAM-treated furrows. OrthoP and total P concentrations in control tailwaters were five to seven times that of PAM treatments, and COD levels were four times those of PAM treatments. Runoff in controls was two times that of PAMtreated furrows. PAM-L0 lowered furrow stream nutrient concentrations more than did PAM-C 1, but owing to disparities in runoff, the two treatments produced similar cumulative sediment and nutrient mass losses. The PAM is effective, convenient, and economical, and greatly reduces P and organic material (COD) losses from surfaceirrigated fields.
INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TRANSITION ECONOMIES

The aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants of innovation activities and their impact on firm performance. For the empirical analysis of the study we employ Business Environment Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS) firm-level data conducted by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in 2002, 2005 and 2009. To examine the relationship between innovation activities, ownership structure and firm performance we apply instrumental variable (IV) technique, which enables us to control for the endogeneity between innovation activities undertaken by firms and their performance. Our findings suggest that firm’s size, R&D intensity, foreign ownership, competition, skilled workers and export activity have a positive and significant impact on their incentive to undertake innovation activities. Considering the determinants of productivity, we find evidence that firms that have undertaken innovation activities (instrumented variable) and owned by foreign ownership, having a higher degree of skilled workers and that European Union member country firms perform better .
Returns and Risks to Private Equity

We assess returns and risks to private equity investors from 35 countries for the time interval of 1996-2008. We find that returns to private equity (measured as return on book equity (ROE)) are significantly higher than ROEs to publicly traded equity. Using customary measures to adjust for risk, the spread between private and public equity returns is sufficiently high to justify the idiosyncratic risk borne by undiversified private equity investors. Despite their apparently high undiversified portfolio risk, investors in non-publicly traded firms appear to allocate their capital efficiently.
Decoding VCs Decision Making Behavior in Biotechnology: The Relative Importance of Established Decision Criteria and the Role of Start-Ups’ Knowledge Networks

Venture Capitalists (VCs) base their investment decision on reliable criteria to predict future performance of start-ups. However, many studies have ignored potential discrepancies in relative importance of various decision criteria that might occur when focusing on a special industry or a particular investment stage and have not considered Knowledge Networks as an independent decision criterion of VCs. Results of an adaptive conjoint-analysis show that focusing on a special industry and investment stage leads to a different relative importance ratio of the decision criteria, and Knowledge Networks was found to be an additional decision criterion.
Nonpuberal estrus in beef heifers.

The frequency of occurrence of behavioral estrus without subsequent development of functional luteal tissue (termed nonpuberal estrus, NPE), was determined in 43 Simmental X Hereford-Brahman heifers. Blood samples were collected weekly from the start of the study to first behavioral estrus and then daily from d 1 (d 0 = estrus) through d 14 following first and subsequently observed estrous behaviors. All blood samples were analyzed for serum progesterone (P4) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. More heifers (62.8%) exhibited NPE than had luteal development after their first behavioral estrus (37.2%). There was a tendency for fewer light-weight heifers (less than or equal to 240 kg at the start of the experiment) to exhibit a puberal first estrus compared with the heavy-weight (greater than 240 kg at the start of the experiment) heifers (31.2% vs 68.8%, respectively; P = .12). Heifers that had a puberal first estrus were older (376 +/- 12 d vs 334 +/- 9 d, P less than .05) compared with heifers that had NPE. Weight at first behavioral estrus was similar between heifers that had a puberal first estrus and those that had NPE (298 +/- 8 kg and 289 +/- 6 kg, respectively). More heifers that had a puberal first estrus also had an elevation in serum P4 concentrations before that first estrus (64.3% vs 20.0%, P less than .05), and the serum P4 elevation was greater (2.5 +/- .4 ng vs 1.2 +/- .1 ng, P less than .05) than heifers that had NPE. We have concluded from these results that NPE is a common occurrence in heifers approaching puberty. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)