Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decline of Sooty Shearwaters, Puffin us griseus, on The Snares,New Zealand

The number of Sooty Shearwater, Puffinus griseus, burrow entrances on North East Island of The Snares, New Zealand, declined from 3 288 000 (95% CI = 3.1–3.5 million) entrances between 1969 and 1971, to 2 061 000 (95% CI = 1.9–2.2 million) between 1996 and 2001. This represents a decline of 37% over 27 years, or 1.72% per year (95% CI = 1.35%–2.12%). It is not known whether burrow oc cupancy has also declined. Possible reasons for decline include fisheries bycatch, climate change, and losses on other islands to predation by introduced mammals and harvest of chicks (muttonbirding). Reliable population estimates of other Sooty Shearwater populations will be important for establishing baseline estimates against which future population trends can be evaluated. If the decline in burrow numbers represents a similar decline in Sooty Shearwater numbers on The Snares and elsewhere, the decline reported here is substantial and enough to warrant listing of the Sooty Shearwater as a “vulnerable” species, according to criterion A3 designated by the International Union for Conservaion of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in 2001.
Advanced oxidation protein products and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in periodontal disease

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in subjects with periodontal disease and health. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 non-smokers, including 25 participants with chronic periodontitis (CP), 25 participants with gingivitis (G) and 25 participants with periodontally healthy (H) were included into the present study. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded. The GCF samples from 4 sites in each individual were collected and GCF AOPP and MCP-1 levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay method. Results: GCF AOPP and MCP-1 levels were the lowest in the H group; followed by the G group and the highest in the CP group. These differences were statistically significant between G and H groups and between the CP and the other groups (p <.05). A statistically positive correlation was detected between GCF AOPP and MCP-1 levels. Conclusion: GCF AOPP and MCP-1 levels might play a considerable role during periodontal inflammation and an elevated GCF AOPP and MCP-1 levels are suggested as a potential biomarker for periodontal diseases.
Somaclonal variation in Dezful cultivar of olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea).

Tissue culture of two cultivars Dezful Baghe-Malek and Dezful Safiabad ( olea europaea L.) were performed using internode cuttings. The experiment was carried out up to the seventh subculture to study the somaclonal variations. Significant difference was observed in morphological characters among the regenerated plants of different subcultures in both cultivars. Grouping of the genotypes based on morphological data separated regenerated plants of the latter subcultures from the earlier ones due to their morphological differences. RAPD analysis produced polymorphic and specific bands in the genotypes studied. Grouping of the genotypes based on RAPD data revealed that in both cultivars the parental genotype and regenerated plants of the first subculture are placed close to each other while the regenerated plants of the sixth and seventh subcultures stand far from the other genotypes due to their genetic difference. No significant difference occurred in C-value in mother plants and
Talent Development Environment in Nigeria: Athletes’ Perceptions of Barriers, Opportunities and Facilitators

Environmental factors have been considered as critical to successful talent development in sports. The entire backgrounds of development including the home, school, community and the organizational culture in sport should provide consistent and coherent support for the developing champions if the goal of effective talent development is to be realised. This study explored the nature of talent development environment in Nigerian in order to uncover the barriers, opportunities and facilitators of effective talent development in the country. Eight successful national athletes were interviewed. Inductive analysis revealed the barriers (e.g. family barriers, finance, facilities, lack of regular competitions, issues with injury/rehabilitation), opportunities (e.g. luck, school sport, early senior participation) and facilitators of development (e.g. hard work, peer influence, coach-athlete relationship). It was suggested that the barriers be mitigated by encouraging the relevant parties (e.g. parents, governments) to promote an enabling environment for talent development in sport. Recommendation was made for further studies.
Premixed Combustion of Kapok (ceiba pentandra) seed oil on Perforated Burner

Availability of fossil fuels in the world decrease gradually due to excessive fuel exploitation. This situations push researcher to look for alternative fuels as a source of renewable energy, one of them is kapok (c eiba pentandra) seed oil. The aim this study was to know the behavior of laminar burning velocity, secondary Bunsen flame with open tip, cellular and triple flame. Premixed combustion of kapok seed oil was studied experimentally on perforated burner with equivalence ratio (φ) varied from 0.30 until 1.07. The results showed that combustion of glycerol requires a large amount of air so that laminar burning velocity (S L ) is the highest at very lean mixture (φ =0.36) in the form of individual Bunsen flame on each of the perforated plate hole. Perforated and secondary Bunsen flame both reached maximum S L similar with that of ethanol and higher than that of hexadecane. Slight increase of φ decreases drastically S L of perforated and secondary Bunsen flame. When the mixture was enriched, secondary Bunsen and perforated flame disappears, and then the flame becomes Bunsen flame with open tip and triple flame (φ = 0.62 to 1.07). Flame was getting stable until the mixture above the stoichiometry. Being isolated from ambient air, the S L of perforated flame, as well as secondary Bunsen flame, becomes equal with non-isolated flame. This shows the decreasing trend of laminar burning velocity while φ is increasing. When the mixture was enriched island (φ = 0.44 to 0.48) and petal (φ = 0.53 to 0.62) cellular flame take place. Flame becomes more unstable when the mixture was changed toward stoichiometry.
Numerical simulations of nonlinear baroclinic instability with a spherical wave-mean flow model

Approved: V Jeffrey R. Barnes A global, multi-level, wave-mean flow model based on an approximate version of the primitive equations is developed to investigate the development of a baroclinic wave field initially confined to a single zonal wavenumber. The effects of physical processes (surface drag and thermal damping) and internal diffusion on the evolution have been examined. The nature of the mean flow adjustment by the nonlinear baroclinic waves is also studied. For a simulation with a relatively strong internal diffusion it is found that a single life cycle characterized by baroclinic growth and barotropic decay is obtained (as in Simmons and Hoskins, 1978), whereas with weaker diffusion the wave undergoes secondary life cycles before a nearly wave-free state is reached (as in Barnes and Young, 1991). In an experiment with weak 4.th order diffusion secondary life cycles occur with little net decay. Relatively strong Redacted for privacy barotropic growth follows the initial life cycle. In experiments with surface drag (Rayleigh friction) and thermal damping (Newtonian cooling), repeated life cycles of baroclinic growth and barotropic decay can be obtained. It is found that in the complete absence of surface drag, the flow evolves to a nearly wave-free state after one secondary cycle. This demonstrates that surface drag plays an important role in nonlinear baroclinic instability. With relatively strong surface drag multiple life cycle behavior is found for sufficiently strong thermal damping. Such a behavior strengthens for very strong thermal damping. A steady wave state in which the wave amplitude equilibrates at an essentially constant level has only been obtained with very strong "potential vorticity damping". Both the "barotropic governor" process (James and Gray, 1986) and the baroclinic adjusment process are responsible for major parts of the stabilization of the mean flow in simulations with and without surface drag and thermal damping. However, the "barotropic governor" process dominates the flow evolution in the model simulations without surface drag and thermal damping. The "barotropic governor" modifies the meridional gradient of zonal mean potential vorticity, which influences the baroclinic adjustment. Numerical Simulations of Nonlinear Baroclinic Instability with a Spherical Wave-Mean Flow Model
Analysis of the Effective and Internal Cyclic Stress Components in the Inconel Superalloy Fatigued at Elevated Temperature

Cyclic multiple step test in strain control have been performed on cylindrical specimens of cast polycrystalline Inconel 738LC and 792-5A superalloys at 800 °C in laboratory atmosphere. Hysteresis loops were analyzed according to the statistical theory of hysteresis loop. The effective and internal stress components were evaluated. The effective stress of γ´ precipitate has significant influence on the stress-strain response both materials. The stress amplitude in IN 792-5A is higher than in IN 738LC at approximately same total strain amplitude due to significantly higher effective stress of γ´ phase. Cyclic hardening/softening curves and cyclic stress-strain curves using short-cut procedure were obtained. Cyclic hardening/softening behavior depends both on temperature and strain amplitude. Low amplitude straining is characterized by the saturation of the stress amplitude. In high amplitude straining slight softening was found. The cyclic stress-strain curves for both materials can be fitted by power law. Cyclic stress-strain response in terms of internal and effective stress components is discussed in relation to microstructural parameters of the materials. The observation of surface relief revealed the presence of persistent slip markings.
FOSTRAD: An advanced open source tool for re-entry analysis

This work responds to the need of modeling the atmospheric re-entry of space debris, satellites, and spacecraft quickly, efficiently and with a reasonable reliability. The Free Open Source Tool for Re-entry of Asteroids and Debris (FOSTRAD) is a simulation suite that allows for the estimation of aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics of an entry object in a continuum or rarefied hypersonic flow by employing the local panel formulation. In this paper, the work done to integrate the tool within a comprehensive framework allowing the simulation of complex geometries using a mesh handler module, a 3DOF trajectory propagator, and a surrogate model generation function, is presented. In addition, a synchronous coupling with a 1D thermal ablation code has been implemented and tested. The mesh module allows operations such as surface local radius computation, surface facets visibility identification, and objects geometrical evolution due to the burn-up during the re-entry. In the continuum regime, the simplified aerothermodynamics are computed using a local radius formulation, while the tool employs a flat-plate based approach in the free molecular regime. A generalized nose radius-based bridging model has been introduced for the rarefied transitional regime. The tests have demonstrated that applying a local radius formulation along with the radius-based bridging model greatly improves the accuracy of re-entry heat-flux estimations. The integrated framework has been tested on two different examples of atmospheric re-entries: the ESA Intermediate Experimental Vehicle (IXV) trajectory optimization and the Stardust sample return capsule Thermal Protection System (TPS) burn-up recession; and the coupling between FOSTRAD and the thermal ablation code allowed to study a step-by-step trajectory evolution of Stardust TPS. The obtained results show good agreement with the literature.
STRATEGIES FOR KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION IN BIONANOTECHNOLOGY

Discourses on convergent technologies claim that fields such as bionanotechnology are interdisciplinary and, therefore, require specific organizational forms, such as laboratories with researchers from many different disciplinary backgrounds. However, empirical investigations challenge the intrinsic interdisciplinarity of these emergent fields, and some analysts criticize the discourses as prescriptive. In order to investigate actual laboratory practices in bionanoscience, this article explores the dynamics of knowledge integration and the knowledge acquisition strategies of 10 research projects in two research specialities, namely biomolecular motors and lab-on-a-chip. The research shows that knowledge integration is, in fact, very asymmetrical: typically, a project will use materials and techniques from various disciplines at a standard level of know-how, but focus its research effort on the unique expertise of the home laboratory. Furthermore, projects use various strategies to acquire knowledge: interdisciplinary practices involving deep collaborations and exchanges between distinct disciplines at either the personal or institutional level are only one strategy to acquire knowledge and, indeed, not the most common. The majority of projects combine different strategies, including service collaboration, limited recruitment and in-house learning. These observations can be explained by a trade-off between the benefits of cognitive diversity set against the costs of team cohesion and learning.
Rousseau ’ s Child Preschoolers Expect Strangers to Favor Prosocial Actions

DOI 10.1024/1421-0185/a000129 Abstract. Modern thinking about human nature is notoriously divided between two contradictory notions: The Hobbesian tradition portrays men as driven by selfish desires, while the Rousseauian tradition recognizes altruistic proclivities as true motivations to cooperate. We tested preschoolers’ predictions about the prosocial or antisocial manner in which people would behave toward each other. Four stories were presented to 3and 4-year-old children. In each story, the protagonists could either cooperate, act in terms of their own interests, or adopt a behavior unrelated to the ongoing scenario. Children as young as 3 years of age expected the protagonists to behave prosocially – and even more so if the protagonists were female. The results suggest that, even at an early age, children are inclined to adopt a “Rousseau-like” stance rather than a “suspicious” or “pessimistic” Hobbesian stance.
Organic carbon isotopic fractionation by marine plankton in the temperature range -1 to 31°C

Organic carbon isotopie ratios of marine plankton have been measured on 86 samples from the North Atlantic and Indian Oceans. These new data confirm that the 13C/ 12C ratio of organic carbon is characteristic of weil defined surface water masses. Significant correlation between sea surface temperature and carbon isotopie composition shows clearly the thermal effect on carbon isotopie fractionation by plankton. Two linear relations between the isotopie composition of plankton and sea surface temperature have been established; their temperature coefficients are equal and agree with theoretical and experimental ones. Results are discussed in relation to metabolism of phytoplankton species.
The Effect of Fe y Alegria on School Achievement: Exploiting a School Lottery Selection as a Natural Experiment

Fe y Alegria is an organization working in many developing countries as a public-private partnership. This study estimates the effect of one Fe y Alegria school in Peru on mathematics and reading comprehension among second grade primary pupils, between 2007 and 2012. The identification strategy is based on the fact that for this school Fe y Alegria conducted a lottery to determine which students would be accepted onto first grade. We could prepare our estimates only for one school where records for several years were available. The results show that this Fe y Alegria school generated substantial score gains for lottery winners, equivalent to 0.4 standard deviations. We also found that this effect has been increasing over time. In reading comprehension the effect was 0.17 s.d. in 2007 and 1.02 s.d. in 2012. In math, the effect was 0.29 s.d. in 2007 and 1.2 in 2012. These are promising results in a country where overall student achievement in standardized tests has been low, and where discussions on under what conditions may public partnerships result in better educational outcomes.
Scatter broadening of compact radio sources by the ionized intergalactic medium: prospects for detection with Space VLBI and the Square Kilometre Array

We investigate the feasibility of detecting and probing various components of the ionized intergalactic medium (IGM) and their turbulent properties at radio frequencies through observations of scatter broadening of compact sources. There is a strong case for conducting targeted observations to resolve scatter broadening (where the angular size scales as $\sim \nu^{-2}$) of compact background sources intersected by foreground galaxy haloes and rich clusters of galaxies to probe the turbulence of the ionized gas in these objects, particularly using Space VLBI with baselines of 350,000 km at frequencies below 800 MHz. The sensitivity of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) allows multifrequency surveys of interstellar scintillation (ISS) of $\sim 100 \,\mu$Jy sources to detect or place very strong constraints on IGM scatter broadening down to $\sim 1\, \mu$as scales at 5 GHz. Scatter broadening in the warm-hot component of the IGM with typical overdensities of $\sim 30$ cannot be detected, even with Space VLBI or ISS, and even if the outer scales of turbulence have an unlikely low value of $\sim 1$ kpc. Nonetheless, intergalatic scatter broadening can be of order $\sim 100\, \mu$as at 1 GHz and $\sim 3\, \mu$as at 5 GHz for outer scales $\sim 1$ kpc, assuming a sufficiently high source redshift that most sight-lines intersect within a virial radius of at least one galaxy halo ($z \gtrsim 0.5$ and $z \gtrsim 1.4$ for $10^{10} {\rm M}_\odot$ and $10^{11} {\rm M}_\odot$ systems, following McQuinn (2014)). Both Space VLBI and multiwavelength ISS observations with the SKA can easily test such a scenario, or place strong constraints on the outer scale of the turbulence in such regions.
A New Concept of Calculation Coefficietns of Reflection and Passage Sound Waves on the Boundary of Liquid Spaces

It is consider that, from the standpoint of the law of conservation of energy, the process of converting sound wave falls on the boundary between two spaces in two, leaving the boundary, reflected and passage. It is assumed that the simultaneous presence of three waves is impossible, and that the process of converting one wave in two waves occurs instantaneously. Based on this concept, enter the following boundary conditions for the calculation of amplitudes (coefficients) of the reflected and passage waves. The initial phases of the reflected and passage waves coincide with the phase of the falling wave. The energy of the falling wave is equal to the sum of the energies of the reflected and passage waves. The normal component velocity amplitude of the particle of the liquid under the influence of the falling wave is equal to the sum of the normal component of particle velocity amplitudes of the reflected and passage waves. It was found that the character of dependence of the reflection coefficient on the angle of departure of the initial wave is the same as in the traditional formulas, but the coefficient of passage does not exceed unity. Calculations of reflection and passage coefficients for different values of the refractive coefficient at the boundary between two homogeneous spaces as well as the canonical form of the waveguide, wherein the speed of sound which is minimum at predetermined depth is carried out.
THE EFFECT OF VISION AND ROLE CLARITY ON TEAM PERFORMANCE

ABSTRACT Although many studies conclude that vision and role clarity are important at the organizational level, the impacts of vision and role clarity on innovation/teams have received far less attention. A strong vision and role definition can provide direction to a team and can positively impact its ability to succeed. The purpose of this research is to discuss vision components and Role Clarity, and explore their impacts on team performance. After studying the vision on a series of nine innovation teams at three companies (Apple, IBM, and HP), we empirically tested the impact of the two components of vision (Vision Clarity, and Vision Support) and Role Clarity on overall team performance. Data were collected from 75 team members. We found that Vision Clarity has a positive effect on team performance. We also found that, Vision Support and Role Clarity are not significantly related to team performance. Keywords: Team Performance; Team Vision; Role Clarity; Team Success JEL classification: C92, D81, J24, L21, O31
ANALYSIS OF JOB STRESS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS’ VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL TEACHERS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA

The study assessed the factors associated with job stress among secondary schools vocational technical teachers in the North-east sub-region of Nigeria. Literatures were reviewed based on the objectives of the study. The design of the study was a survey; a structured questionnaire consisting of 30 items was used for data collection. 160 respondents were randomly sampled from 18 vocational secondary schools (three schools from each of the six states of the zone). The data for the study were collected and analyzed using frequency and percentage. Some of the findings of the study revealed that majority of the vocational secondary school teachers are faced with serious problem of job stress largely due to work overload, large class sizes, lack of motivation and students’ indiscipline leading to poor job performance, anxiety, boredom and prostration. The study further suggested that better qualified staff be employed and more classrooms be provided to promote quality teaching and finally vocational technical teachers should be effectively motivated so that they would be encourage to remain in the profession.
Understanding Atmospheric Carbon Budgets: Teaching Students Conservation of Mass

ABSTRACT In this paper we describe student use of a series of connected online problem-solving activities to remediate atmospheric carbon budget misconceptions held by undergraduate university students. In particular, activities were designed to address a common misconception about conservation of mass when students assume a simplistic, direct relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and carbon emissions. This particular misconception was challenged through an instructional intervention applying constructivist learning theory principles in an effort to prompt cognitive dissonance and induce conceptual change. This study is based on 1 y of data collected from a survey completed by introductory physical geology students (n = 176), divided into a control group (n = 127) and an experimental group (n = 49). The students in the experimental group worked on an instructional intervention targeting identified misconceptions during a laboratory session. Both the control group and the experimental group were presented information targeting the same misconception through a traditional lecture. Students completing the instructional intervention demonstrated significant increases in learning and reductions of misconceptions relative to students in the control group. However, some aspects of the misconceptions seemed to persist.