Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Disease Accuracy of Inhaler Use in Patients With Chronic Obstructive

Inaccurate use of medication inhalers can reduce effectiveness, patient adherence, and disease stability. Therefore, the accurate use of inhalers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial. This cross-sectional study evaluated 196 Korean patients with COPD for step-bystep accuracy of inhaler use with four different types of inhalers (metereddose inhaler [MDI], Turbuhaler, Diskus, and HandiHaler); differences in accuracy levels by sociodemographic or clinical characteristics were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used for data analysis. The proportion of patients with completely accurate inhaler use was low, ranging from 21.9% (Turbuhaler) to 46.2% (MDI). Errors with all types of inhalers were most commonly seen in the “breathing out” steps, before and after medication inhalation. Personalized nursing educational programs, correcting errors individually for each patient, could dramatically increase the accuracy of inhaler use and the effectiveness of the inhaled medications in patients with COPD.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS AND ARSENIC CONTENT IN GRASSLANDS OF BULGARKA NATURE

The content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in the aboveground biomass of grasslands in Bulgarka Nature Park was investigated. Among the species studied, the content of Pb was highest in Festuca valida (20.83 mg kg-1 DW) from the grassland in Malusha site, thus exceeding Pb content in the rest grass species between 2 and 85 times. In addition, the exceedance was 2.1 times the maximum permitted level. Pb content in the mixed sample was high (8.47 mg kg-1 DW) due to the increased proportion of Festuca valida in the mixed sample (80% cover). The content of As in all investigated plants from the grasslands in both Malusha site and Mount Ispolin exceeded 1.2-2.8 fold the mean value (0.21 mg kg-1 DW). Cd and Hg were found in low concentrations or even below detection limit. The increased content of Pb and As could be due to elavated natural geochemical background. It could be recommended to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals in animal products from the region and if needed to isolate definite parts of the grasslands for grazing.
Thomas 434 Vascular disease in personswith diabetes

The cause of diabetic ulcers is multifactorial. Among these, the presence of neuropathy is the most important factor in the development of a diabetic ulcer, whereas inadequate vascular supply is the most important factor in healing. Poor control of glucose resulting from either type 1 or type 2 diabetes leads to neuropathy and atherosclerosis. Impairment in autonomic function in the extremities leads to impairment in vascular blood flow, sweating, and thermal regulation. Chronic distal sensorimotor symmetric neuropathy affects around 28% of people with diabetes. Neuropathy leads to an insensate foot, which leads to loss of protective sensation and ultimately to foot deformity. Deformity leads to altered mechanical loading of the foot and ankle, altered range of joint mobility, and gait abnormalities. All of these forces contribute to excessive callus formation. Breaks in the skin lead to open wounds, potential for infection, and poor healing. Thus, any acute or chronic mechanical injury or thermal injury may lead to a chronic ulcer. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) often accompanies diabetes. For every 1% increase in hemoglobin A1c, there is roughly a 25% increase in frequency of PAD. The presence of PADmay lead directly to an ischemic ulcer. Although 90% of diabetic ulcers are neuropathic in origin, 60% of diabetic ulcers have an ischemic vascular component. Pure ischemic ulcers occur in only 10% in individuals with diabetes.
Experimental Investigation and Model Development for Thermal Conductivity of α-Al 2 O 3-Glycerol

In order to investigate the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction, nanoparticle size and temperature on the thermal conductivity of glycerol based alumina (α-Al2O3) nanofluids, a set of experiments were carried out for temperature ranging from 20 ̊C to 45 ̊C. The nanofluids contained α-Al2O3 nanoparticles of three different sizes (31 nm, 55 nm and 134 nm) were prepared by two-step method at volume fractions ranging from 0.5% to 4%. The experimental results show that α-Al2O3-glycerol nanofluids have substantially higher thermal conductivity than the base fluid and the maximum enhancement of the relative thermal conductivity was 19.5% for the case of 31 nm at 4% volume fraction. The data analyses indicated that the volume fraction and size of the nanoparticles have significant effects on the thermal conductivity ratio (TCR) of Al2O3-glycerol nanofluids, while the temperature has almost no significant effect on the data for range of this study. At room temperature, the effective thermal conductivity remains almost constant for 50 hours at 4% volume fractions. The comparison of the obtained experimental data and predictions from some existing theoretical and empirical models reveals that the thermal conductivity ratio and its trend could not be accurately explained by the models in open literature. Consequently, a new empirical correlation based on the experimental data has been developed in this study.
HEP Reduce Hypoxic Assault in vitro 1 Honey Extracted Polyphenolics Reduces Experimental Hypoxia in Human Keartinocytes 1 Culture 2

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W. , Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties. Article
Observations on feeding patterns among mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Pantanal, MT, Brazil

O habito alimentar dos culicideos foi estudado atraves da tecnica de precipitina. As coletas foram realizadas no km 52 da rodovia Transpantaneira (MT-060), a 65km da sede do municipio de Pocone (MT). Bimestralmente, de dezembro de 2002 a dezembro de 2003, foram realizadas capturas em armadilha Shannon e CDC automatica a base de CO2 das 15:00h as 21:00h. Foram utilizados os seguintes anti-soros: ave, roedor, humano, cavalo, boi, capivara e sapo. Das 2.134 femeas capturadas, 1.946 (92,2%) foram coletadas em armadilha de Shannon e 188 (8,8%) em armadilha CDC. Desse total, 276 femeas (13,0%) estavam ingurgitadas e proprias para o teste de precipitina, sendo 235 (85,1%) coletadas em armadilha de Shannon e 41 (14,9%) em CDC. Verificou-se que 84,2% dos especimes analisados reagiram para uma fonte alimentar e 15,8% para duas fontes. As especies Mansonia titillans (Walker), Culex nigripalpus (Theobald), Aedeomyia squamipennis (Theobald) e Psorophora albigenu (Peryassu) foram as mais frequentes e reagiram para todos os anti-soros. Os anofelinos Anopheles albitarsis (Lynch-Arribalzaga), An. matogrossensis (Lutz & Neiva) e An. triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto), com poucos especimes, reagiram para cinco anti-soros. As demais especies apresentaram positividade que variou de tres a seis anti-soros. As estimativas do indice alimentar (feeding index) revelaram resultados positivos para oito especies de culicideos, destas cinco apresentaram preferencia marcante para o hospedeiro capivara.
Long-term changes in soil microbial communities during primary 2 succession 3 4

4 Nick A. Cutler, Dominique L. Chaput, Christopher J. van der Gast 5 6 a Scott Polar Research Institute, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EP, UK 7 b Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural 8 History, 10 & Constitution NW, Washington, DC 20560-119, USA 9 c Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, 10 Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK 11 12 * corresponding author 13 Address: Churchill College, Cambridge, CB3 0DS, UK 14 E-mail: nac37@cam.ac. uk 15 Telephone: +44 1223 336202 16 Fax: +44 1223 336180 17
Fluktuasi Populasi Lalat Buah (Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) pada Pertanaman Pepaya di Desa Margaluyu, Kabupaten Garut

ABSTRACT Population fluctuations fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on a papaya plantation at the Margaluyu Village, Garut Regency Fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.) is the main pest that attacks papaya plants and responsible for losses outcome attaining 100%. The purpose of this research was to understand the effects of abiotic factors (rainfalls and rainy days) and biotic factor (the availability of fruits) against the fruit fly population in papaya plantation. This research was conducted using a survey method to set traps on papaya plantation as many as 10 pieces on the edge of the garden and another 10 inside at Margaluyu Village, Leles District, Garut Regency. The results showed that abiotic factors such us rainfall and rainy days did not show a significant correlation to the increasing population of fruit flies. The biotic factor which was the availability of fruits showed a positive correlation to increasing fruit fly population. The result of T-test analysis at the 5% level showed that the average catches of fruit flies with the egde of trap and the inside of trap giving a real difference. Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis Complex, Fruit fly, Papaya, Population fluctuation ABSTRAK Lalat buah (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.) merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman pepaya dan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil sampai 100%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor abiotik (curah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan) serta faktor biotik (ketersediaan buah) terhadap fluktuasi populasi lalat buah pada pertanaman pepaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Margaluyu, Kecamatan Leles, Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan memasang perangkap pada pertanaman pepaya sebanyak 10 buah di bagian tepi kebun dan 10 buah pada bagian dalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor abiotik berupa curah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan populasi lalat buah. Faktor biotik yaitu ketersediaan buah menunjukkan korelasi positif terhadap peningkatan populasi lalat buah. Hasil analisis T-test pada taraf 5% menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil tangkapan lalat buah pada perangkap tepi dan perangkap dalam memberikan perbedaan yang nyata. Kata kunci: Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks, Fluktuasi populasi, Lalat buah, Pepaya.
In situ infrared spectroscopy for plasma-assisted ALD of SiNx films

Silicon nitride (SiNx) is being used extensively as material in industrial applications, such as in solar cells and integrated circuits. However, the downscaling of integrated circuits, in particular of transistors, imposes new, strict requirements on the material. Not only the quality, but also the conformality, uniformity and thickness of the material should be controlled on nanometer scale. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a candidate to fulfill these requirements. For the development of suitable ALD processes, the factors that rule film quality and growth should be known. Therefore, fundamental understanding of the surface chemistry and reaction mechanisms is crucial. In this work, the plasmaassisted ALD process of SiNx, employing BTBAS (SiH2[NH(C4H9)]2) as precursor and N2 plasma as co-reactant, has been studied with in situ infrared spectroscopy and a reaction mechanism for the ALD film growth is proposed. The ALD process, developed in the PMP research group in 2013, was first transferred to a home-built ALD setup. This setup was extended with a sample manipulator and a novel resistive heating method, to enable infrared spectroscopy in transmission mode over the full ALD temperature window of the SiNx process. The material properties of the grown films were determined to be similar to the previously developed process, where, despite slightly elevated growth rates, the films contained comparable C, O and H levels. The infrared measurements revealed the reaction products of the precursor step, the change in surface groups during both half-cycles and the composition of the deposited films. In the ALD process, part of the ligands were liberated as t-Butylamine(NH2C(CH3)3) during precursor adsorption, as confirmed by gas phase infrared measurements. Surface measurements revealed that CH groups were present in the precursor half-cycle, indicating that part of the ligands of the precursor molecule remained attached to the Si atom upon precursor adsorption. These ligands were removed by the N2 plasma, of which fragments, such as CN, could redeposit on the surface. At low deposition temperatures, these fragments were incorporated into the film, resulting in films with a high carbon content. At high deposition temperatures, fewer fragments were incorporated in the film. Hence, FTIR spectroscopy yielded important insight in how the carbon is incorporated in the film in this ALD process, a problem which may be resolved by the choice of a precursor molecule with a different molecular structure.
PREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGY OF ARTHROPOD INFESTATION IN DOMESTIC AND STRAY CATS IN BANGLADESH

Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} This study was designed to determine the prevalence and pathology of potential arthropods of the domestic and stray cats ( Felis catus ) that had not received veterinary care and had no known exposure to insecticide application and other form of medication. In doing so, 36 domestic and stray cats were taken from Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. The research work was carried out during the period of July 2006 to June 2007 in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. In the 36 examined cats, overall 32 (88.89 %) cats had arthropod infestation. The rate of infestation was Ctenocephalides felis felis, 86% (31 out of 36), Demodex cati, 11% (4 out of 36) and Linguatula serrata , 14 % (5 out of 36). Slightly higher rate of Ct. felis felis infestation was found in kittens (90%) followed by adults (84.61%). There was similar age prevalence of D. cati and L. serrata infection in kittens and adults. Females (90%) were 2.07 times more susceptible to Ct. felis felis infestation than males (81.25%). The rate of arthropod infection did not vary greatly over seasons. But in L. serrata infection, there was higher prevalence in summer (27.27%) than rainy (11.11%) and winter (6.25%) seasons. Grossly, demodectic mange was characterized by alopecia, epidermal scaling, scab formation and denudation of the skin mostly found in the ear and the neck. The legs and the abdomen were also affected. At histopathology, sections of mite were found in the hair follicles of the skin along with folliculitis (two cases). Pneumonia was found both grossly and microscopically in lungs of five cats but it was very difficult to correlate with the presence of small number of L. serrata organisms.
Polyols and glucose particulate species as tracers of primary biogenic organic aerosols at 28 French sites

Abstract. A growing number of studies are using specific primary sugar species, such as sugar alcohols or primary saccharides, as marker compounds to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOAs) in the atmosphere. To better understand their annual cycles, as well as their spatiotemporal abundance in terms of concentrations and sources, we conducted a large study focusing on three major atmospheric primary sugar compounds (i.e., arabitol, mannitol, and glucose) measured in various environmental conditions for about 5300 filter samples collected at 28 sites in France. Our results show significant atmospheric concentrations of polyols (defined here as the sum of arabitol and mannitol) and glucose at each sampling location, highlighting their ubiquity. Results also confirm that polyols and glucose are mainly associated with the coarse rather than the fine aerosol mode. At nearly all sites, atmospheric concentrations of polyols and glucose display a well-marked seasonal pattern, with maximum concentrations from late spring to early autumn, followed by an abrupt decrease in late autumn, and a minimum concentration during wintertime. Such seasonal patterns support biogenic emissions associated with higher biological metabolic activities (sporulation, growth, etc.) during warmer periods. Results from a previous comprehensive study using positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on an extended aerosol chemical composition dataset of up to 130 species for 16 of the same sample series have also been used in the present work. The polyols-to-PMPBOA ratio is 0.024±0.010 on average for all sites, with no clear distinction between traffic, urban, or rural typology. Overall, even if the exact origin of the PBOA source is still under investigation, it appears to be an important source of particulate matter (PM), especially during summertime. Results also show that PBOAs are significant sources of total organic matter (OM) in PM10 (13±4 % on a yearly average, and up to 40 % in some environments in summer) at most of the investigated sites. The mean PBOA chemical profile is clearly dominated by contribution from OM (78±9 % of the mass of the PBOA PMF on average), and only a minor contribution from the dust class (3±4 %), suggesting that ambient polyols are most likely associated with biological particle emissions (e.g., active spore discharge) rather than soil dust resuspension.
Association Between Pancreatic IPMNs and Extra-pancreatic Malignancies

M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 Background & Aims: The association between pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and extrapancreatic neoplasms (EPN) is controversial. We performed a multi-center observational study to assess the incidence of EPN after IPMN diagnosis. Methods: Patients with IPMNs were evaluated from 2000 through 2013 at 4 academic institutions in Europe for development of EPN. We excluded patients with an EPN previous or synchronous to the IPMN, and patients who had been followed for less than 12 months. Among 1340 patients with IPMNs, we calculated the incidence of EPN among patients of different sexes and ages; the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and the 5and 10-year cumulative incidence rates were calculated. Results: Two-hundred ninety patients developed an EPN (prevalence of 21.6%) after diagnosis with IPMN. Of patients with EPN, an IPMN was discovered incidentally in 241. Among 816 patients without EPNs, 50 developed an EPN after a median time of 46 months from study enrollment. The incidence of any EPN was not greater in patients with than without IPMN with a SIR of 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-2.22) in men and of 1.39 (95% CI 0.90-2.05) in women. The 5and 10-year cumulative incidence rates for development of EPN in patients with IPMN were 7.9% and 16.6% in men, and 3.4% and 23.1% in women. Conclusions: Patients with IPMN do not have a significantly higher incidence of EPN than the general European population. It might not be necessary to screen patients with IPMN for EPN.
On testing the joint hypothesis of short term interest rate: a signal extraction approach

In this paper, I shall implement a methodology to identify and measure the ex ante real interest rate from the ex post real interest rate that involves application of signal-extraction techniques from the engineering literature. Diagnostic tests indicate that these methods are quite successful in capturing the essence of the time series properties of the ex ante real rate. The estimated model indicate that the variance of the ex ante real rate is not zero and the ex ante real rate may even follow a random walk stochastic process.
EVALUATION OF SEXUAL FUNCTION IN A GROUP OF MASTECTOMIZED WOMEN Avaliação da função sexual em um grupo de mastectomizadas Evaluación de la función sexual en un grupo de mastectomizadas

Objective: To evaluate the sexual function of mastectomized women. Methods: crosssectional descriptive study conducted between September and October 2012 with 34 mastectomized women, members of a support group, who were sexually active in the last six months. It was used an instrument for collecting sociodemographic (socioeconomic status, marital status and education) and gynecological data (parity, post-surgical time and type of surgery) in addition to the Female Sexual Quotient (FSQ) questionnaire. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman’s test with p≤0.05. Results: It was verified a sexual performance that ranged from null to bad in 35.3% (n=12) of women, while only 11.8% (n=4) had a favorable score on FSQ. It was observed a higher percentage of women presenting difficulty in sexual arousal, 88.2% (n=30). Regarding marital status and education, 47.1% (n=16) were married and 55.9% (n=19) had studied up to elementary school. Conclusion: The investigated mastectomized women presented low and unsatisfactory sexual function according to the FSQ; they were married and studied up to elementary school.
High Pressure Band Structure and Metallization in Zinc Sulphide

The theoretical investigation of the electronic band structure, density of states and metallization of technologically important semiconductor zinc sulphide (ZnS) under high pressure is obtained using the full potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) method. The ground state properties and band gap values are compared with the experimental results. Zinc sulphide becomes metal and superconductor under high pressure, but before this they undergo structural phase transition from zinc blende phase to rocksalt phase. The density of states at the Fermi level (N(EF)) is enhanced as the pressure is further increased, which leads to the superconductivity in zinc sulphide. The non-occurrence of metallization and structural phase transition simultaneously in zinc sulphide is also confirmed.
Deterministic Analysis and Upscaling of Bromide Transport in a Heterogeneous Vadose Zone

Conservative solute transport experiments were conducted at a field plot and on an undisturbed soil core from the same site. The hydraulic and solute transport properties were extensively characterized so that the data could be analyzed from a deterministic perspective. To investigate the influence of scale and conceptual model on solute transport in the relatively homogeneous upper soil profile of the field site, breakthrough curves that were collected at different depths in the undisturbed column and in the field experiments were compared and analyzed. The mobile‐immobile model provided a physically realistic description of the column data that was largely independent of the transport distance, and upscaling from the undisturbed core to the field plot was relatively successful. Mean and variance of the Br− travel times were controlled by plot‐scale variability in soil water content and heterogeneity, which was overcome by averaging the concentration values from four locations at the same depth and time, and analyzing the Br− transport behavior as a one‐dimensional process. Differences between the measured and simulated mass balances, average concentration, and the variations in concentration were predicted reasonably well across depth and time. Although prediction of the exact concentration information at a given point was not achieved, this study demonstrates that area‐average Br− transport in a heterogeneous vadose zone can be deterministically quantified.