Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Release of urinary aquaporin-2-bearing extracellular vesicles is decreased in pregnant Japanese Black cattle

Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a vasopressin-regulated water channel, plays an important role in renal water homeostasis. It has been reported that the level of AQP2 in human urine is altered during pregnancy. However, little is known about the level of urinary AQP2 in pregnant cattle. In this study, we examined the level of AQP2-bearing extracellular vesicles (uEV-AQP2), which account for most urinary AQP2, in both heifers and cows during the gestational and postpartum periods. The level of uEV-AQP2 was significantly decreased during gestation in comparison with the other cattle examined. Similarly, the levels of EV marker proteins in uEVs, including tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) protein and apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX), were significantly decreased during gestation. There were significant correlations between the levels of uEV-AQP2 and uEV-TSG101, or uEV-ALIX. Immunohistochemistry data from pregnant and non-pregnant cattle supported the notion that the level of uEV-AQP2 was decreased during gestation. These data indicate that the level of uEV-AQP2 is decreased in pregnant cattle, possibly through a decrease in both the number of EVs released into the urine and renal AQP2 expression.
The Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Single-Center Experience for 17 Years.

Objective The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence of cleft lip and palate (CLP), isolated cleft palate (CP), isolated cleft lip (CL), and median cleft (MC) applied in Marmara University School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics. Methods There were 1058 patients who applied to the center between 2000 and 2017. A total of 1026 patients were included in the study. Files, models, and photographs were evaluated. The patients were divided into six groups: unilateral right or left CLP, bilateral CLP, isolated CP, isolated CL, and MC. The prevalence was identified according to cleft type, side, gender, age, and application year. Results The most common type was unilateral CLP (44.3%), which was observed more on the left side (28.9%), followed by CP (28.7%). MC had a minimum ratio (0.3%) between cleft types. Males were more prone to have unilateral CLP (right side, 64.6%) and bilateral CLP (64.1%), whereas females were more prone to have CP (59.9%). The greatest number of applications was recorded in 2004, and the patients mostly applied in the neonatal period (64.9%). The ratios of complete cleft cases in all types of clefts were statistically significantly higher. Conclusion Unilateral CLP was the most common cleft type and seen more on the left side. While males were affected more by CLP, isolated CP was seen more in females than in males.
A randomized double-blind noninferiority trial, evaluating migration of a cemented vitamin E-stabilized highly crosslinked component compared with a standard polyethylene component in reverse hybrid total hip arthroplasty.

AIMS Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) studies of vitamin E-doped, highly crosslinked polyethylene (VEPE) liners show low head penetration rates in cementless acetabular components. There is, however, currently no data on cemented VEPE acetabular components in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a new cemented VEPE component, compared with a conventional polyethylene (PE) component regarding migration, head penetration, and clinical results. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 42 patients (21 male, 21 female) with osteoarthritis and a mean age of 67 years (sd 5), in a double-blinded, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. The subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a reverse hybrid THA with a cemented component of either argon-gas gamma-sterilized PE component (controls) or VEPE, with identical geometry. The primary endpoint was proximal implant migration of the component at two years postoperatively measured with RSA. Secondary endpoints included total migration of the component, penetration of the femoral head into the component, and patient-reported outcome measurements. RESULTS In total, 19 control implants and 18 implants in the VEPE group were analyzed for the primary endpoint. We found a continuous proximal migration of the component in the VEPE group that was significantly higher with a difference at two years of a mean 0.21 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05 to 0.37; p = 0.013). The total migration was also significantly higher in the VEPE group, but femoral head penetration was lower. We found no difference in clinical outcomes between the groups. CONCLUSION At two years, this cemented VEPE component, although having a low head penetration and excellent clinical results, failed to meet noninferiority compared with the conventional implant by a proximal migration above the proposed safety threshold of RSA. The early proximal migration pattern of the VEPE component is a reason for continued monitoring, although a specific threshold for proximal migration and risk for later failure cannot be defined and needs further study. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1192-1198.
Characterizing energy intake misreporting and its effects on intake estimations, in the Portuguese adult population

Abstract Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate energy intake misreporting prevalence, its associated factors and its effects on nutrient intake, in the Portuguese population aged from 18 to 84 years. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Portugal. Subjects: Adults participants from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, IAN-AF, 2015–2016, who provided two complete 24 h dietary recall and complete covariate information. Results: Under, plausible and over-reporters were identified according to the Goldberg method. Total misreporting prevalence was 29·9 %, being 28·5 % of under-reporting and 1·4 % of over-reporting. The current study found higher odds of being classified as an under-reporter especially in participants with higher BMI and in those who self-reported health perception status as non-favourable. Energy intake estimation increases by 853.5 kJ/d (204 kcal/d) when misreporters are excluded, and the same tendency is observed for macro and micronutrients. It is worth mentioning that the prevalence of inadequacy for protein intake decreases by about 5 % when considering plausible reporters. Conclusions: The exclusion of misreporters has a small impact on the crude energy and nutrient estimates as well as on assessing the contribution of nutrients to total energy intake. However, a moderate impact was observed in the estimation of nutrient inadequacy prevalence.
International consensus conference on stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice

Although faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has a well-established role in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), its widespread dissemination is limited by several obstacles, including lack of dedicated centres, difficulties with donor recruitment and complexities related to regulation and safety monitoring. Given the considerable burden of CDI on global healthcare systems, FMT should be widely available to most centres. Stool banks may guarantee reliable, timely and equitable access to FMT for patients and a traceable workflow that ensures safety and quality of procedures. In this consensus project, FMT experts from Europe, North America and Australia gathered and released statements on the following issues related to the stool banking: general principles, objectives and organisation of the stool bank; selection and screening of donors; collection, preparation and storage of faeces; services and clients; registries, monitoring of outcomes and ethical issues; and the evolving role of FMT in clinical practice, Consensus on each statement was achieved through a Delphi process and then in a plenary face-to-face meeting. For each key issue, the best available evidence was assessed, with the aim of providing guidance for the development of stool banks in order to promote accessibility to FMT in clinical practice.
How prolonged mechanical ventilation is a neglected disease in chest medicine: a study of prolonged mechanical ventilation based on 6 years of experience in Taiwan

Background: An increasing number of patients require prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) to survive recovery from critical care. It should be emphasized that PMV is a neglected disease in chest medicine. We investigated 6 years of clinical outcomes and long-term survival rates of patients who required PMV. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively data from patients in respiratory care center (RCC) to investigate the main causes of respiratory failure leading patients to require PMV. We also studied the factors that influence the ventilator weaned rate, factors that influence the long-term ventilator dependence of patients who require PMV, as well as patients’ hospital mortality and long-term survival rates. Results: A total of 574 patients were admitted to RCC during the 6 years. Of these, 428 patients (74.6%) were older than 65 years. A total of 391 patients (68.1%) were successfully weaned from the ventilator while 83 patients (14.4%) were unsuccessfully weaned. A total of 95 patients (16.6%) died during RCC hospitalization. The most common cause of acute respiratory failure leading to patients requiring PMV was pneumonia. The factor that affected whether patients were successfully weaned from the ventilator was the cause of the respiratory failure that lead patients to require PMV. Our hospital mortality rate was 32.4%; the 1-year survival rate was 24.3%. There was a strong correlation between higher patient age and higher hospital mortality rate and poor 1-year survival rate. Patients with no comorbidity demonstrated good 1-year survival rates. Patients with four comorbidities and patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis comorbidity showed poor 1-year survival rates. Conclusions: The factor that affected whether patients were successfully weaned from the ventilator was the cause of the respiratory failure that lead patients to require PMV. Older patients, patients with renal failure requiring hemodialysis, and those with numerous comorbidities demonstrated poor long-term survival. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Tri‐ortho‐cresyl phosphate (TOCP)‐induced reproductive toxicity involved in placental apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress in pregnant mice

Tri‐ortho‐cresyl phosphate (TOCP) has been widely used as plasticizers, and reported causing reproductive toxicity in mammals. However, little is known about the toxic effect on the placenta. In this study, dams were orally administered different doses of TOCP to explore the effect of TOCP on placental development. Results showed that TOCP exposure significantly reduced numbers of implanted embryo, caused atrophy and collapse of ectoplacental cone, and decreased total areas of placenta and numbers of PCNA‐positive cells. Expression levels of placental development genes were prominently downregulated in the TOCP‐treated groups. Moreover, TOCP administration induced placental apoptosis and autophagy by upregulating P53, Bax, Beclin‐1, ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I and Atg5 and downregulating Bcl‐2 protein. In addition, TOCP exposure markedly inhibited activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and increased the production of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. Collectively, these findings suggest that apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress may be involved in the TOCP‐induced reproductive toxicity.
Clinical applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in bipolar disorder

Many patients with bipolar disorder (BD) fail to experience benefit following traditional pharmacotherapy, necessitating alternative treatment options that will enable such patients to achieve remission. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a relatively new, noninvasive neuromodulation technique that involves the application of magnetic pulses on hyperactive or hypoactive cortical brain areas. We evaluated the existing literature on TMS as a treatment for BD across varied mood states.
Ethnic differences in risk factors for adverse birth outcomes between Pakistani, Bangladeshi and White British mothers.

AIM Reducing poor maternal and infant outcomes in pregnancy is the aim of maternity care. Adverse health behaviours lead to increased risk and can adversely mediate birth outcomes. This study examines whether risk factors are similar, different or clustered according to maternal ethnicity. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data (2008-2013). METHODS We analysed data routinely collected data from a local University Hospital Ciconia Maternity information System (CMiS), for White British, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women (N=15,211) using cross-tabulations, ANCOVA, adjusted standardised residuals (ASR) and Pearson Chi-square statistics. RESULTS The results demonstrate distinct clusters of risk factors between White British, Pakistani and Bangladeshi mothers'. Additionally, Pakistani mothers had the highest number of statistically significant risk factors, according to maternal ethnicity, including showing that 49% of women in this cohort that were diagnosed with diabetes were Pakistani, 21.5% of White British women smoked and results showed that Bangladeshi mothers delivered the lightest weight infants (adjusted mean 3055.4g). CONCLUSIONS This study found differences in the risk factors between White British, Pakistani and Bangladeshi mothers. The identified risk factors were clustered by maternal ethnicity. IMPACT Identification of these risk factor clusters can help policy makers and clinicians direct resources and may help reduce ethnic variation found in these populations that might be attributed to adverse health behaviours and increased risk factors.
Novel USH1G homozygous variant underlying USH2-like phenotype of Usher syndrome

Purpose: Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa. Classification distinguishes three clinical types of which type I (USH1) is the most severe, with vestibular dysfunction as an added feature. To date, 15 genes and 3 loci have been identified with the USH1G gene being an uncommon cause of USH. We describe an atypical USH1G-related phenotype caused by a novel homozygous missense variation in a patient with profound hearing impairment and relatively mild retinitis pigmentosa, but no vestibular dysfunction. Methods: A 26-year-old female patient with profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss, nyctalopia and retinitis pigmentosa was studied. Audiometric, vestibular and ophthalmologic examination was performed. A panel of 13 genes was tested by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: While the hearing loss was confirmed to be profound, the vestibular function resulted normal. Although typical retinitis pigmentosa was present, the age at onset was unusually late for USH1 syndrome. A novel homozygous missense variation (c.1187T>A, p.Leu396Gln) in the USH1G gene has been identified as causing the disease in our patient. Conclusions: Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are very common in both isolated and syndromic retinal dystrophies and sensorineural hearing loss. Our findings widen the spectrum of USH allelic disorders and strength the concept that variants in genes that are classically known as underlying one specific clinical USH subtype might result in unexpected phenotypes.
The clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Indonesia: a cohort registry from an Indonesia-based tertiary referral hospital

Introduction To date, no national epidemiological data of systemic lupus erythematosus are available in Indonesia. Objective We aimed to demonstrate clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients of the Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, one of Indonesia's top tertiary-referral hospitals. Method We reviewed retrospective cohort data from the Hasan Sadikin Lupus Registry, which was created in January 2016. Initial retrospective data were collected from the medical records of systemic lupus erythematosus patients from 2008 to 2015 and enhanced the cohort data from January 2016 to December 2017. The records were analysed for age, sex, clinical manifestations, comorbidity, treatment and outcome. Results Of 813 patients, 95.6% were females. Mean age at diagnosis was 27.7 ± 9.4 years, with a mean disease duration of 76.5 ± 53.1 months. Major clinical manifestations were arthritis (75.5%) and malar rash (68.3%). The majority of patients received steroid treatment, beside chloroquine and azathioprine. In total, 93 patients (11.4%) developed tuberculosis, 522 patients (64.2%) had routine follow-up and 66 patients (8.1%) died. Infection was the most common cause of death (36.4%). Conclusion Arthritis and malar rash were the most commonly encountered clinical manifestations in the Hasan Sadikin Lupus Registry. Tuberculosis incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients was high, as was the mortality rate of lupus.
The Relationships Between Craniofacial Structure and Frontal Sinus Morphology: Evaluation With Conventional Anthropometry and CT-Based Volumetry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of craniofacial structure and nasal septal deviation on frontal sinus morphology 3-dimensionally. This study of anatomy, anthropology, morphology, and radiology included 74 dry skulls as study sample. The craniofacial measurements were made through conventional anthropometric methods by the use of calipers. The nasal septal deviation measurements were done by computerized software on photographs taken from frontal view. Frontal sinus volumes were estimated by the computerized tomography-based volumetry. The relationships between craniofacial structure, nasal septal deviation, and frontal sinus morphology were tested by linear regression and correlation analysis. The analysis of numerical variables and categorical variables within different groups was done by Mann-Whitney U/Kruskal-Wallis, and χ2 tests, respectively. There appeared a positive relationship between the dimensions of the frontal sinuses and the maximal cranial length and the nasal height especially on the left side (P < .05). However, after multivariate linear regression model for both factors was created, solely the nasal height kept being a positive factor for frontal sinus size as an independent variable. No statistical relevance was detected between the presence of metopic suture and frontal sinus morphology. Septal deviation itself affected frontal sinus morphometry, but the morphometry did not differ between the deviation side and the opposite side. In conclusion, the cranial structure does not affect the frontal sinus morphology but nasal structure affects. The true influences, among measured craniofacial elements, in relationship with the pneumatization of frontal sinus are appeared to be the nasal structure related.
Comparison of the Effects of Various Methods Used to Remove Adhesive from Tooth Surfaces on Surface Roughness and Temperature Changes in the Pulp Chamber.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of three methods of removing adhesive on enamel surface roughness and dental pulp temperature. Methods Ninety human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into three groups (n=30) according to the type of adhesive clean-up procedure: aluminum oxide-based burs, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and tungsten carbide bur. The surface roughness of enamel was measured using a non-contact optical profilometer. After the first readings of surface roughness were measured (T1), orthodontic brackets were attached to the enamel surface with composite. The brackets on the teeth were debonded using bracket removal pliers. The residue of adhesive was eliminated from the enamel surface of the teeth by different procedures in each group. While removing adhesive from the tooth surface, the intrapulpal temperature rise was simultaneously measured using a thermocouple. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD tests were used to analyze data with a significance level set at 0.05. Results The highest roughness average (Ra) values were observed for the Er:YAG laser group, with a significant difference with the aluminum oxide bur group and tungsten carbide bur group (p<0.001). Ra values for the aluminum oxide bur group were significantly lower than those for the other groups (p<0.001). Comparing the thermal changes in each group showed a significant decrease in the Er:YAG laser group, but a significant increase in two other groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, one-step finisher and polisher bur created the smoothest enamel surface, whereas Er:YAG laser the roughest. Tungsten carbide and aluminum oxide-based burs generated more heat than Er:YAG laser.
Workload-indexed blood pressure response is superior to peak systolic blood pressure in predicting all-cause mortality

Aims The association between peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise testing and outcome remains controversial, possibly due to the confounding effect of external workload (metabolic equivalents of task (METs)) on peak SBP as well as on survival. Indexing the increase in SBP to the increase in workload (SBP/MET-slope) could provide a more clinically relevant measure of the SBP response to exercise. We aimed to characterize the SBP/MET-slope in a large cohort referred for clinical exercise testing and to determine its relation to all-cause mortality. Methods and results Survival status for male Veterans who underwent a maximal treadmill exercise test between the years 1987 and 2007 were retrieved in 2018. We defined a subgroup of non-smoking 10-year survivors with fewer risk factors as a lower-risk reference group. Survival analyses for all-cause mortality were performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs (95% confidence interval)) adjusted for baseline age, test year, cardiovascular risk factors, medications and comorbidities. A total of 7542 subjects were followed over 18.4 (interquartile range 16.3) years. In lower-risk subjects (n = 709), the median (95th percentile) of the SBP/MET-slope was 4.9 (10.0) mmHg/MET. Lower peak SBP (<210 mmHg) and higher SBP/MET-slope (>10 mmHg/MET) were both associated with 20% higher mortality (adjusted HRs 1.20 (1.08–1.32) and 1.20 (1.10–1.31), respectively). In subjects with high fitness, a SBP/MET-slope > 6.2 mmHg/MET was associated with a 27% higher risk of mortality (adjusted HR 1.27 (1.12–1.45)). Conclusion In contrast to peak SBP, having a higher SBP/MET-slope was associated with increased risk of mortality. This simple, novel metric can be considered in clinical exercise testing reports.