Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of a statistically multiplexed access mechanism for a TDMA radio interface

The article describes a statistically multiplexed radio access mechanism for third-generation mobile systems, which is an integral part of a resource allocation functional entity. The access mechanism is a key feature of the RACE Mobile R2084 Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) project. It presents an indication of the design parameters adopted for this access mechanism and performance characteristics derived from a comprehensive computer simulation model. It gives particular emphasis to the structure of the resource allocation module and illustrates how the access mechanism is integrated with functionalities which have been incorporated to provide an adaptive radio interface. The access mechanism considered for ATDMA, which allows statistical multiplexing to be implemented on the radio interface is a development of packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) known as PRMA++. >
SERUM ANTIBODIES TO WHOLE-CELL AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGENS OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IN COTTONTAIL RABBITS

Archived serum samples, from 95 eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) captured in New York, New York, USA and Millbrook, New York, USA, during 1985–86, were analyzed in solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for total and class-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Using a polyvalent conjugate, rabbit sera contained antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens (protein [p]35, p37, or VlsE) during different seasons, but there was no reactivity to outer surface protein (Osp)A or OspB. Seventy-six of the 102 sera (75%) analyzed were reactive with one or more of the antigens; 61 of the positive samples (80%) reacted to whole-cell antigens, followed by results for the p35 (58%, 44/76), VlsE (43%, 33/76), and p37 (29%, 22/76) antigens. Fifty-eight sera (76%) contained antibodies to the VlsE or p35 antigens with or without reactivity to whole-cell antigens. High antibody titers (≥1:2,560) recorded for 52 sera indicate robust antibody production. In analyses for IgM antibodies in an ELISA containing whole-cell antigens, there were 30 positive sera; titers ranged from 1:160 to 1:640. There was minimal cross-reactivity when rabbit antisera to Treponema pallidum or four serovars of Leptospira interrogans were screened against B. burgdorferi antigens. Based on more-specific results, VlsE and p35 antigens appear to be useful markers for detecting possible B. burgdorferi infections.
Large‐Scale Discovery of Gene‐Enriched SNPs

Whole‐genome association studies of complex traits in higher eukaryotes require a high density of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers at genome‐wide coverage. To design high‐throughput, multiplexed SNP genotyping assays, researchers must first discover large numbers of SNPs by extensively resequencing multiple individuals or lines. For SNP discovery approaches using short read‐lengths that next‐generation DNA sequencing technologies offer, the highly repetitive and duplicated nature of large plant genomes presents additional challenges. Here, we describe a genomic library construction procedure that facilitates pyrosequencing of genic and low‐copy regions in plant genomes, and a customized computational pipeline to analyze and assemble short reads (100–200 bp), identify allelic reference sequence comparisons, and call SNPs with a high degree of accuracy. With maize (Zea mays L.) as the test organism in a pilot experiment, the implementation of these methods resulted in the identification of 126,683 putative SNPs between two maize inbred lines at an estimated false discovery rate (FDR) of 15.1%. We estimated rates of false SNP discovery using an internal control, and we validated these FDR rates with an external SNP dataset that was generated using locus‐specific PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. These results show that this approach has wide applicability for efficiently and accurately detecting gene‐enriched SNPs in large, complex plant genomes.
Prospective Evaluation of Factors Associated with Early Failure of Arteriovenous Fistulae in Hemodialysis Patients

Recent guidelines have recommended performing native arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) in hemodialysis patients rather than synthetic grafts whenever possible. However, early failure of AVF may reach up to 50%. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with early failure of such procedures in hemodialysis patients. A prospective study was performed on all patients with end-stage renal disease who had an AVF between June 2003 and March 2005. Data including patient characteristics and the type of AVF were recorded. The internal diameter of the vein and artery and intraoperative blood flow were measured. Patients were followed up for 3 months. One hundred twenty-six AVF were included in this study. Early failure was in 14 (9%) patients. The internal diameter of the vein and artery and intraoperative blood flow were significantly lower in the failure group than in the patent group. The failure rate was not significantly related to other parameters. Our data showed that intraoperative blood flow is a reliable parameter that determines the early failure of an AVF. Careful selection of the vein and the artery may reduce the rate of failure.
Social inequalities in depressive symptoms and physical functioning in the Whitehall II study: exploring a common cause explanation

Study objective: This study investigated which risk factors might explain social inequalities in both depressive symptoms and physical functioning and whether a common set of risk factors might account for the association between depressive symptoms and physical functioning. Design: A longitudinal prospective occupational cohort study of female and male civil servants relating risk factors at baseline (phase 1: 1985–8) to employment grade gradients in depressive symptoms and physical functioning at follow up (phase 5: 1997–9). Analyses include the 7270 men and women who participated at phase 5. Setting: Whitehall II Study: 20 London based white collar civil service departments. Participants: Male and female civil servants, 35–55 years at baseline. Main results: Depressive symptoms were measured by a subscale of items from the 30 item General Health Questionnaire. Physical functioning was measured by a subscale of the SF-36. Employment grade was used as a measure of socioeconomic position as it reflects both income and status. The grade gradient in depressive symptoms was entirely explained by risk factors including work characteristics, material disadvantage, social supports, and health behaviours. These risk factors only partially explained the gradient in physical functioning. The correlation between depressive symptoms and physical functioning was reduced by adjustment for risk factors and baseline health status but not much of the association was explained by adjustment for risk factors. Among women, the association between depression and physical functioning was significantly stronger in the lower grades both before and after adjustment for risk factors and baseline health. For women, there was only a significant grade gradient in depressive symptoms among those reporting physical ill health. Conclusions: Some risk factors contribute jointly to the explanation of social inequalities in mental and physical health although their relative importance differs. Work is most important for inequalities in depressive symptoms in men, and work and material disadvantage are equally important in explaining inequalities in depressive symptoms in women while health behaviours are more important for explaining inequalities in physical functioning. These risk factors did not account for the association between mental health and physical health or the greater comorbidity seen in women of lower socioeconomic status. The risk of secondary psychological distress among those with physical ill health is greater in the low employment grades.
Role of human cytochrome P450 3A4 in the metabolism of DA–8159, a new erectogenic

1. The purpose of this paper was to characterize cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in N-dealkylation of a new oral erectogenic, DA-8159 to DA-8164, a major circulating active metabolite, in human liver microsomes and to investigate the inhibitory potential of DA-8159 on CYP enzymes. 2. CYP3A4 was identified as the major enzyme responsible for DA-8159 N-dealkylation to DA-8164 based on correlation analysis and specific CYP inhibitor and antibody-mediated inhibition study in human liver microsomes, and DA-8159 metabolism in cDNA expressed CYP enzymes. There is the possibility of drug-drug interactions when prescribing DA-8159 concomitantly with known inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. 3. DA-8159 was found to be only a very weak inhibitor of eight major CYPs (1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4), the largest inhibition occurring against CYP2D6 (IC50 67.7 μM) in human liver microsomes. Drug–drug interactions would not be predicted on the basis of DA-8159 inhibiting the metabolism of coadministered drugs.
Medial pancreatectomy: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 53 patients by the French Pancreas Club.

BACKGROUND The results of medial pancreatectomy have been previously reported anecdotally. The purpose of the study was to provide short- and long-term results of MP in a large multicenter collective series. METHODS From 1990 to 1998, 53 patients (mean age +/- SD = 49 +/- 15 years) underwent medial pancreatectomy for primary cystic neoplasms of pancreas (n = 19), endocrine neoplasms (n = 17), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) (n = 6), fibrotic stenosis of the Wirsung's duct (n = 4), or other benign (n = 4) or malignant (n = 3) diseases. The proximal (right) pancreatic remnant was sutured (n = 53), and the distal (left) remnant was either anastomosed to a jejunal loop (n = 26), to the stomach (n = 25), or oversewn (n = 2). Medial pancreatectomy was indicated in 3 patients (6%) because of failed enucleation, in 3 (6%) to prevent worsening of preexisting diabetes, or to prevent de novo diabetes in a patient with chronic pancreatitis, and deliberately in the 47 others. RESULTS The length of the resected pancreas was 5.0+/- 2.2 cm (range, 2-15). One patient (2%) died from a pancreatic fistula and portal thrombosis. Three patients were reoperated on because of complications related to the left pancreas, which was partially or totally resected. Pancreatic fistula developed in 16 patients (30%). Mean delay for the return of oral feeding was related to the presence of a pancreatic fistula. At follow-up (median = 26 months, range, 12-131), 1 pancreatic recurrence and 1 de novo diabetes occurred in patients without IPMN. In patients with IPMN, the rates of pancreatic recurrence and diabetes were 40% (2/5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Medial pancreatectomy effectively preserves long-term endocrine function and is associated with a low risk of local recurrence, except in patients with IPMN. However, there is a high risk (30%) of PF after medial pancreatectomy.
Behavioral therapy for functional constipation in childhood: health-related quality of life, emotional and behavior problems & parental child-rearing attitudes

Kinderen met obstipatie worden behandeld met laxeermiddelen en krijgen gedragsadviezen (zoals toilettraining) en voorlichting. Toch houdt een derde van de patienten tot in de jonge volwassenheid klachten. Marieke van Dijk vergeleek gedragstherapie in combinatie met laxatietherapie met de conventionele behandeling. Daarbij keek ze ook naar kwaliteit van leven, emotionele en gedragsproblemen en de manier van opvoeden van de ouders. Gedragstherapie bleek even succesvol als conventionele therapie.
Effects of uninephrectomy on the cell proliferation and EGF in the remaining kidney

Maternal conditions affect the growth of the fetal kidney, which begins to secrete urine during late gestation (Bakala et al., 1985; Schaeverbeke & Cheignon, 1980). For example, during pregnancy, the maternal kidney undergoes various changes such as an increase in glomerular filtration rate (Baylis, 1994; Atherton & Pirie, 1981) and an alteration in tubular function (Dafnis & Sabatini, 1992). Furthermore, maternal undernutrition by the restriction of protein intake induces low fetal birth and leads to renal morphological and physiological changes (Mesquita et al., 2010). Maternal bilateral ligation of the uterine artery, protein restriction, smoking, nephrotoxic medication as well as salt loading cause intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) to fetuses (Bentz & Amann, 2010), inducing fetal programing of renal function. Previously, we investigated the development of the fetal kidney during maternal renal dysfunction induced by bilateral ureteral ligation (Okada et al., 1997) and uninephrectomy (Okada et al., 2000, 2006), and we found that the development of the fetal kidney is accelerated by the operations. Furthermore, we found that maternal bilateral ureteral ligation (Okada & Morikawa, 1988) and uninephrectomy (Okada et al., 1998) decrease fetal body weight. In this chapter, we present a summary of the changes that occur in the fetal kidney after maternal bilateral ureteral ligation, uninephrectomy, and subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy, in addition to a summary of the changes that occur in the remaining kidney after uninephrectomy and 5/6 nephrectomy. Although 5/6 nephrectomy produces a bigger functional demand to maternal and fetal kidneys than the other two operations, little information is available on fetal development of the kidney when the maternal kidney is 5/6th removed. Therefore, we focused on studying the remaining kidney of unilateral and 5/6 nephrectomy and the fetal kidney under maternal renal dysfunction.
Effects of long‐term endurance and resistance training on diastolic function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction vs. heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

The long‐term effects of exercise training (ET) in diastolic dysfunction (DD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are unknown. The present study compared the long‐term effects of ET on exercise capacity, diastolic function, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with DD vs. HFpEF.
Can phenological models predict tree phenology accurately in the future? The unrevealed hurdle of endodormancy break

The onset of the growing season of trees has been earlier by 2.3 days per decade during the last 40 years in temperate Europe because of global warming. The effect of temperature on plant phenology is, however, not linear because temperature has a dual effect on bud development. On one hand, low temperatures are necessary to break bud endodormancy, and, on the other hand, higher temperatures are necessary to promote bud cell growth afterward. Different process‐based models have been developed in the last decades to predict the date of budbreak of woody species. They predict that global warming should delay or compromise endodormancy break at the species equatorward range limits leading to a delay or even impossibility to flower or set new leaves. These models are classically parameterized with flowering or budbreak dates only, with no information on the endodormancy break date because this information is very scarce. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of a set of phenological models to accurately predict the endodormancy break dates of three fruit trees. Our results show that models calibrated solely with budbreak dates usually do not accurately predict the endodormancy break date. Providing endodormancy break date for the model parameterization results in much more accurate prediction of this latter, with, however, a higher error than that on budbreak dates. Most importantly, we show that models not calibrated with endodormancy break dates can generate large discrepancies in forecasted budbreak dates when using climate scenarios as compared to models calibrated with endodormancy break dates. This discrepancy increases with mean annual temperature and is therefore the strongest after 2050 in the southernmost regions. Our results claim for the urgent need of massive measurements of endodormancy break dates in forest and fruit trees to yield more robust projections of phenological changes in a near future.
Detection of antibody to recombinant Norwalk virus antigen in specimens from outbreaks of gastroenteritis

Norwalk virus and other small round-structured viruses are commonly associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis. We used a recently described recombinant-expressed Norwalk virus (rNV) capsid protein in enzyme immunoassays to quantitatively measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA to Norwalk virus in serum pairs from patients involved in outbreaks of gastroenteritis. The outbreaks previously were classified, on the basis of the results of a blocking antibody assay, as Norwalk virus negative, serologically intermediate, or Norwalk virus positive. The rNV IgG assay was more sensitive than the blocking assay for detecting IgG to Norwalk virus in serum from patients in all outbreak classes. There was 79% concordance between seroconversions detected by the blocking antibody assay and those detected by the rNV IgG assay. The rNV IgA assay detected seroconversions to Norwalk virus primarily in patients involved in outbreaks previously classified as Norwalk virus positive.
Efficacy of the Rehabilitation of Elderly Primary Health Care Patients After Short-Stay Hospital Treatment

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a primary home care intervention program on patient outcomes after selected patients were discharged from a short-stay hospital. Random assignment of 249 frail, elderly patients was made to a group provided with physician-led primary home care, and home assistance service on a 24-hour basis, or to a control group given standard care. At randomization, patients were considerably disabled, had a mean age of 80.5 years, and had a high likelihood of long-stay hospital care. Medical and functional data were essentially the same at baseline for both groups. At 6-months follow-up, significant improvement in instrumental activities of daily living (P = 0.04) and outdoor walking (P = 0.03), and medical condition was found in the primary care intervention group compared with the controls and less utilization of long-stay hospital facilities was displayed in the team patients (P < 0.001) than in the controls. A selection of elderly, dependent patients can be cared for in their homes after short-stay hospital discharge and benefit from this primary home care intervention program in terms of improved medical and functional outcomes and less long-stay hospitalization.
Conflict of Interest Policies and Industry Relationships of Guideline Development Group Members: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depression

ABSTRACT Because of increased attention to the issue of trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines, it may be that both transparency and management of industry associations of guideline development groups (GDGs) have improved. The purpose of the present study was to assess a) the disclosure requirements of GDGs in a cross-section of guidelines for major depression; and, b) the extent and type of conflicts of panel members. Treatment guidelines for major depression were identified and searched for conflict of interest policies and disclosure statements. Multi-modal screens for undeclared conflicts were also conducted. Fourteen guidelines with a total of 172 panel members were included in the analysis. Eleven of the 14 guidelines (78%) had a stated conflict of interest policy or disclosure statement, although the policies varied widely. Most (57%) of the guidelines were developed by panels that had members with industry financial ties to drug companies that manufacture antidepressant medication. However, only a minority of total panel members (18%) had such conflicts of interest. Drug company speakers bureau participation was the most common type of conflict. Although some progress has been made, organizations that develop guidelines should continue to work toward greater transparency and minimization of financial conflicts of interest.
ody image trends among Icelandic adolescents : A cross-sectional national study rom 1997 to 2010 ryndis

The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in body image among Icelandic adolescents from 1997 to 2010. Data from five cross-sectional surveys conducted among national samples of 9th and 10th graders in Iceland using five time points (1997, 2000, 2006, 2009, and 2010) were compared to examine changes
"To Give up on Words": Silence in Western Apache Culture

Combining methods from ethnoscience and sociolinguistics, this paper presents an hypothesis to account for why, in certain types of situations, members of Western Apache society refrain from speech. Though cross-cultural data on silence behavior are almost wholly lacking, some evidence has been collected which suggests that this hypothesis may have relevance to other societies as well.
Incidence and duration of breastfeeding for term infants in Canada, United States, Europe, and Australia: a literature review.

BACKGROUND Analysis of differences in the incidence and duration of breastfeeding across countries may provide information about practices that encourage breastfeeding. This comparative review examines variation in the incidence and duration of breastfeeding for term infants that has been reported in studies from Canada, the United States, Europe, and Australia. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE (from 1966), CINHAL (from 1982), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies were limited to nonexperimental and observational research that addressed term infants (>37 weeks gestational age), performed in developed countries, written in the English language, and published since 1990. Additional studies were located from reference lists of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and previous articles. All studies that met study criteria were included in the review, regardless of the quality of methodology. RESULTS Although studies had methodological limitations that precluded conducting a formal systematic review or meta-analysis, this comparative review revealed consistent differences among countries. For example, Europe and Australia reported a higher initiation and duration of breastfeeding term infants compared with Canada and the United States. CONCLUSIONS Studies that examined reasons for a higher incidence and duration of breastfeeding term infants consistently document that women who initiate and continue to breastfeed are older, married, better educated, and have higher family incomes than women who do not breastfeed.