Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on lipid levels and peroxisome proliferation in the hamster

Effects of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers cis-9, trans-11 (c9, t11 CLA) and trans-10, cis-12 (t10, c12 CLA) on lipid metabolism and markers of peroxisome proliferation were investigated in hamsters fed on purified diets containing 30 % energy as fat and 0·1 g cholesterol/kg for 8 weeks. Four groups (n 32 each) received diets without CLA (control), with a mixture of equal amounts of c9, t11 and t10, c12 CLA (CLA mix), with c9, t11 CLA, and with t10, c12 CLA. The total amount of CLA isomers was 1·5 % energy or 6·6 g/kg diet. CLA was incorporated into glycerides and exchanged for linoleic acid in the diet. Compared with the control, the CLA mix and t10, c12 CLA decreased fasting values of LDL- (21 and 18 % respectively) and HDL-cholesterol (8 and 11 %), increased VLDL-triacylglycerol (80 and 61 %), and decreased epididymal fat pad weights (9 and 16 %), whereas c9, t11 CLA had no significant effects. All CLA preparations increased liver weight, but not liver lipids. However, the increase in liver weight was much less in the c9, t11 CLA group (8 %) than in the other two groups (25 %) and might have been caused by the small amount of t10, c12 CLA present in the c9, t11 CLA preparation. Liver histology revealed that increased weight was due to hypertrophy. Markers of peroxisome proliferation, such as cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidase (EC 1.3.3.6) and carnitine acetyl transferase (EC 2.3.1.7) activities, were not increased by CLA. Both c9, t11 CLA and t10, c12 CLA were incorporated into phospholipids and triacylglycerols, but t10, c12 CLA only about half as much as c9, t11 CLA. In addition, linoleic acid and linolenic acid concentrations were lower in lipids of the t10, c12 CLA group compared with the c9, t11 CLA group. These data suggest that t10, c12 CLA stimulated the oxidation of all C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results indicate that the t10, c12 CLA isomer, and not the so-called natural CLA isomer (c9, t11), is the active isomer affecting lipid levels in hamsters.
Determinants of Economic Growth, South America in the Long-Term

In this paper, we exploit a new annual historical data set for ten South American countries from 1960 to 2008, providing a basis for understanding the long-run economic growth within a two-equation framework. For this purpose, a system of two panel data models estimated by generalized least squares, which is a method used to control for unobserved country-specific effects, accounting for within panel serial auto-correlation, as well as heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional correlation across panels. Our analysis documented that the impact on growth is driven through capital formation, foreign investment and human capital, as well as by sectoral exports (manufacturing and other services). On the other hand, the correlation between trade openness and foreign investment is positive, indicating that relatively closed countries stand to benefit most from opening up their economies. Whereas, the evidence shows that macroeconomic disturbances still have a significant detrimental effect on long-run growth on developing countries. Finally, in view of the importance of our analysis, we divided the sample in two sub-periods 1960-1982 and 1983-2008, the results highlight our previous findings and, show a convergence process within the region. Our approach here is decidedly empirical, taking advantage of a broad new historical data set especially for the developing countries in the region.
Retinal Blood Flow in Diabetes

Objective: This is a review of work focused on characterizing retinal blood flow in diabetes. The review describes results on validation of the methodology for retinal blood flow measurements, the mechanisms of action of various factors that contribute to abnormalities in retinal blood flow in diabetic rodent models, and the translation of these results to clinical studies demonstrating the effectiveness of different therapeutic agents in normalizing retinal blood flow abnormalities in patients with diabetes.
Assess, compare and enhance the status of Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Europe: a European Register for MS

Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) problems greatly differing across Europe, and the European Union (EU) faces deep inequalities in MS management from country to country. Through the establishment of a European MS Register (EUReMS), an effective action is proposed to improve the overall knowledge on MS and support effective intervention programmes at EU and national political level. EUReMS aims to achieve consensus on its mission and vision, to define existing data providers, to develop models driving future MS health policies and research, to develop an information technology (IT) infrastructure for a data set, to develop a European shared governance and to secure providers' data provision into EUReMS.
Identification of initiation sites for heavy-strand and light-strand transcription in human mitochondrial DNA.

The initiation sites for heavy (H) and light (L) strand transcription in HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA have been investigated by mapping experiments utilizing in vitro "capped" mitochondrial RNA molecules or nascent RNA chains. Mitochondrial poly(A)-containing RNA molecules were labeled at their 5' ends with [alpha-32P]GTP and guanylyltransferase ("capping" enzyme) and mapped on the mitochondrial genome by DNA transfer hybridization and S1 nuclease protection experiments. A mapping site for the capped 5' ends was found on the H strand very near to the 5' terminus of the 12S rRNA gene, and another site was found on the L strand very near to the 5' terminus of the 7S RNA coding sequence. In parallel experiments, the 5' ends of the nascent chains isolated from mitochondrial DNA transcription complexes were similarly mapped very near to the 5' termini of the 12S rRNA gene and of the 7S RNA coding sequence. The in vitro capped RNA molecules and the nascent chains thus presumably identify the same transcriptional initiation sites on the H strand and the L strand. The occurrence of a second possible initiation site for H-strand transcription 90-110 nucleotides upstream of that described above--i.e., 20-40 nucleotides upstream of the tRNAPhe gene--had been previously indicated by a mapping analysis of the nascent RNA chains and has been confirmed in the present work. The presence of two initiation sites for H-strand transcription can be correlated with other types of evidence that point to two different transcription events leading to the synthesis of a polycistronic molecule corresponding to the almost entire H strand and to the synthesis of the rRNA species.
Effects of Melody and Lyrics on Mood and Memory

137 undergraduate Le Moyne College students volunteered in a study on music and its effects on mood and memory. In a 2 × 3 between-subjects design, there were 2 lyric conditions (Happy and Sad Lyrics) and 3 music conditions (No Music, Happy Music, and Sad Music). Participants were asked to listen to instrumental music or mentally to create a melody as they read lyrics to themselves. The study tested cued-recall, self-reported mood state, and psychological arousal. Analysis suggested that mood of participants was influenced by the music played, not the lyrics. Results also showed those exposed to No Music had the highest score on the recall test. Personal relevance to the lyrics was not correlated with memory.
More inclusive bipolar mixed depression definition by permitting overlapping and non‐overlapping mood elevation symptoms

The objective of this study was to assess the strengths and limitations of a mixed bipolar depression definition made more inclusive than that of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) by counting not only ‘non‐overlapping’ mood elevation symptoms (NOMES) as in DSM‐5, but also ‘overlapping’ mood elevation symptoms (OMES, psychomotor agitation, distractibility, and irritability).
The current status and future direction of fetal gene therapy Review Article

Anna L David, Michael Themis, Simon N Waddington, Lisa Gregory, Suzanne MK Buckley, Megha Nivsarkar, Terry Cook, Donald Peebles, Charles H Rodeck, Charles Coutelle Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London WC1E 6HX Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, London SW7 2AZ Department of Histopathology, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W12 0HS __________________________________________________________________________________ *Correspondence: Dr A.L. David, Room 212, 2 nd floor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK. Telephone: +44-20-7679-6059; Fax: +44-20-7383-7429; e-mail: a.david@ucl.ac. uk
Addressing tobacco-related health disparities.

AIMS The aim of this review is to outline a transdisciplinary research framework for identifying, explaining and intervening to address tobacco-related health disparities (TRHD). We will show the importance of an approach that integrates the human life-cycle (developmental) and tobacco addiction cycle (behavioral) for interventions that address group-specific vulnerabilities. METHODS The existing empirical knowledge base on tobacco-related health disparities is mapped onto a conceptual framework built around life-cycle and addiction cycle trajectories for disparate population groups. FINDINGS Current knowledge about developmental trajectories of tobacco use is based on general population studies with minimal information on group differences. At the national level, early onset of tobacco use is associated with a high level of tobacco dependence, low number of quit attempts, long-term smoking history and tobacco-related health harm. These relationships cannot be assumed for all population groups: African Americans and Asian Americans typically have a later age of tobacco use onset compared to European Americans, yet health consequences of smoking are higher among African Americans but not Asian Americans. Even less is known about group differences in the temporal progression from smoking onset to daily smoking. Determining the time-frame from initial to regular smoking seems crucial for targeted secondary prevention, before the establishment of addictive tobacco use patterns. Group-specific data characterizing the duration from daily tobacco use to a quit attempt or request for cessation treatment are also scant. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive, integrated, transdisciplinary framework is needed to guide efforts to understand tobacco-related health disparities and to increase the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions delivered in culturally appropriate and economically practicable ways, while optimizing the balance between demand for and access to services.
Impact of uncertainty in predicting the user's request on pushing

Pushing contents to users based on the predicted user preference cannot only improve user experience, but also boost network throughput by exploiting the excess resources. However, prediction is never perfect. Due to the uncertainties of predicting the user's request, the base station (BS) may waste resources on pushing unnecessary files before the arrival of user's request. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the uncertainty in predicting the content to be requested and the request arrival time on the average energy consumption of pushing. To this end, we first introduce a pushing policy with a priori known prediction uncertainty. Then, we derive the average energy consumption of pushing, and analyze the energy saving gain over traditional transmission method, where the BS serves a user right after the request arrives. Analytical and numerical results show that pushing with prediction uncertainty can save energy by optimizing the number of the pushing files, and the gain is remarkable for a user who has stronger preference among the predicted file list.
Foldase Function of the Cathepsin S Proregion Is Strictly Based upon Its Domain Structure

Abstract Folding of cathepsin S, like other cathepsin Llike proteases, depends on its proregion. The major part of the proregion forms a small domain distal from the catalytic centre, suggesting function(s) beyond activesite shielding. Using an optimised in vitro transrefolding assay, we compared reactivation of denatured cathepsin S by the genuine propeptide, wildtype and ten selected mutants. Including structural data and binding constants, we identified the prodomain core and the hairpin region to be important for the foldase function.
ECOLOGY OF CRABRONID WASPS FOUND IN TRAP NESTS FROM SPAIN (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIFORMES)

Abstract We report data obtained concerning the occupation of trap nests by xylicolous Crabronidae (sensu Melo 1999) in a study carried out in central Spain between 1992 and 1995. In particular, we analyze the data on the occupation of the nests for Psenulus concolor (Dahlbom), Trypoxylon attenuatum F. Smith, and Trypoxylon beaumonti Antropov. All three species use pre-existing cavities of 2-4 mm to establish their nests. The mortality rates varied between 33% and 55%, and of special interest was the variation between the two species of Trypoxylon L. and the absence of mortality due to natural enemies in P. concolor. In the three species, mortality was similar along the nests, with no increase in the innermost or outermost cells. Trichrysis cyanea (L.) was the most abundant natural enemy in the nests analyzed. Sex distribution was not random in any of the species studied: in P. concolor and T. attenuatum, the males developed in the outermost cells, while in T. beaumonti they appeared in the innermost ones. The sex ratio did not deviate from 0.5 in P. concolor and T. attenuaum, although in T. beaumonti, the number of females was significantly higher than that of males.
Luteal Phase Support in in vitro Fertilization: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Objective: To determine if luteal phase support improves the pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Design: A meta-analysis of randomized trials of luteal phase support was carried out with the main outcome measure being the pregnancy rate per cycle. Results: Fifty-nine trials were evaluated. Eighteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Five main themes were identified: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) versus progesterone; progesterone versus progesterone and hCG; progesterone versus placebo; hCG versus placebo, and hCG versus progesterone versus no support. Conclusion: Luteal phase support is definitely indicated in IVF treatment cycles. This meta-analysis favored hCG above progesterone as luteal phase support with respect to pregnancy rates. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to determine a definite consensus with respect to the duration of luteal phase support in IVF cycles.
PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARE (EPS), BOOK VALUE PER SHARE (BVS), RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE), DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (DER) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

ABSTRAK Salah satu jenis investasi yang sangat menarik namun berisiko tinggi yaitu saham. Saham memiliki karakteristik high risk high return , semakin tinggi tingkat keuntungan yang akan diperoleh maka risikonya pun akan semakin tinggi pula. Harga saham suatu perusahaan sangat berfluktuasi dan tidak dapat diprediksi dengan tepat, sehingga bisa meningkatkan risiko akan kerugian yang lebih besar. Untuk meminimalisasi risiko tersebut, maka investor sebaiknya mengetahui faktor - faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi fluktuasinya harga saham tersebut serta melakukan suatu analisis terlebih dahulu. Terdapat 2 analisis dalam saham, yaitu analisis teknikal da n analisis fundamental. Faktor fundamental yang dapat mempengaruhi harga suatu saham yaitu rasio keuangan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan 4 rasio keuangan, yaitu EPS, BVS, ROE, dan DER. Penulis menggunakan metode purposive sampling dalam pengambi lan sampel. Dari 19 perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di BEI, penulis mengambil sampel 10 perusahaan dalam periode 2009 - 2011. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda, uji t dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial hanya variabel EPS, BVS, dan ROE yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, sedangkan untuk variable DER tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap harga saham. Secara simultan, semua variable independen ( EPS, BVS, ROE, dan DER ) memliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap harga saham. Kata kunci: earning per share, book value per share, return on equity, dan debt to equity ratio, h arga saham
Norepinephrine causes a pressure‐dependent plasma volume decrease in clinical vasodilatory shock

Background: Recent experimental studies have shown that a norepinephrine‐induced increase in blood pressure induces a loss of plasma volume, particularly under increased microvascular permeability. We studied the effects of norepinephrine‐induced variations in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) on plasma volume changes and systemic haemodynamics in patients with vasodilatory shock.
Linear Gaussian channels: feedback capacity under power constraints

For discrete-time power-constrained linear Gaussian channels with z-domain rational power spectral density functions: 1) Gauss-Markov sources achieve the feedback capacity; 2) a Kalman filter is optimal for processing the feedback information; 3) dynamic programming optimizes the Gauss-Markov source and computes the feedback capacity. Further, if the optimal Kalman filter reaches a steady state as the time k /spl rarr/ /spl infin/, then the asymptotic feedback capacity exists and its formula is given.
The menstrual cycle and its effect on inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: a prevalence study

Objective:Female patients with bowel disease commonly report worsening symptoms in relation to the menstrual cycle. Our aim was to determine the nature of gastrointestinal symptoms correlating with the menstrual cycle in women with inflammatory and irritable bowel disease.Methods:This was a retrospective study involving 49 women with ulcerative colitis (UC), 49 women with Crohn's disease (CD), 46 women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 90 healthy community controls. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire including information regarding general health, medication history, pregnancy, as well as premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. χ2 Testing and logistic regression modeling were used to test for differences in frequencies between groups and for risk analysis.Results:Premenstrual symptoms were reported by 93% of all women but statistically more often by patients with CD (p < 0.01). CD patients were also more likely to report increased gastrointestinal symptoms during menstruation (p < 0.01), diarrhea being the symptom reported most often. All disease groups had a cyclical pattern to their bowel habits significantly more than controls (p= 0.01). Cyclical symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation. Logistic regression revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.1 (95% CI 0.9–1.2) for experiencing bowel symptoms during the premenstrual and menstrual phases and an OR of 2.0 (95% CI 1.2–3.2) for experiencing a cyclical pattern in bowel habit changes in women with bowel disease.Conclusion:The prevalence of menstrually related symptoms is high, and appears to affect bowel patterns. The physiological and clinical effects of the menstrual cycle should be taken into consideration when assessing for disease activity.
Recent advances of Cowpea mosaic virus-based particle technology

Particles of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) have enjoyed considerable success as a means of presenting peptides for vaccine purposes. However, the existing technology has limitations in regard to the size and nature of the peptides which can be presented and has problems regarding bio-containment. Recent developments suggest ways by which these problems can be overcome, increasing the range of potential applications of CPMV-based particle technology.
Superintendent perceptions of the success and failure of school construction referendums from 2008--2010 in the state of Indiana

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions of superintendents who have conducted both successful and unsuccessful school construction referendums in the state of Indiana from 2008-2010. This research will serve as a guide for superintendents who will undergo a school construction referendum, especially in Indiana. This study will guide superintendents to conduct the school construction referendum in a proscribed manner to increase the chances of having a successful outcome. The study used qualitative information from four superintendents who were successful with their school construction referendums and from four superintendents who were not successful with their school construction referendums. Common themes were found with this information and compiled to channel best practices for conducting a school construction referendum. The literature points to numerous items that should be done in order to increase the chance of being successful with the referendum. The findings of this study suggest that superintendents need to have a clear communication plan, a strong community committee, and a long range facility plan in order to be successful. The findings of this study continue to suggest that election strategies must be followed in order to be successful and an in depth knowledge of the community is needed to determine supporters and opposition to the referendum.
Molecular Basis of Pathogenicity in Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates

ABSTRACT This study identified pathogenicity genes in 40 Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates. The cagA, vacA, and iceA genes were detected in 65%, 97.5%, and 97.5% of the isolates, respectively. The cagA, iceA1, and vacAs1a/m1 genes were related to erosive gastritis, whereas the vacAs2/m2 and iceA2 genes were associated with enanthematous gastritis.
Definition Procedure for Strategic Technology Resources in Small Manufacturing Firms: A Case Study

ABSTRACT In the Latin American context, small manufacturing firms are subject to severe constraints on their competitiveness due to significant technological lags in their production processes and shortcomings in their technology management activities. Further, this business segment also encounters major hurdles that hamper its access to a broad range of State science and technology promotion tools. This is why it is necessary to deploy a procedural tool that paves the way for technology resource management practices that are both systematic and ongoing, particularly those that are strategic for upgrading the production performance of these enterprises. This article explores the development of a procedure for defining strategic technology resources and their application in a small sawmill. In order to respond to the proposed objectives, a nonexperimental research project was conducted through a descriptive study that included a sector-specific diagnosis, the use of strategic analysis tools for assessing tangible and intangible technology resources, and analyses of key factors (internal) and sector-specific influence factors (external). The most noteworthy result is the construction of a methodological procedure that helps fine-tune the use of existing technology resources through an initial technology diagnosis. The application of the procedure streamlines the decision-taking process for technology innovation and management in a small company, enhancing its production performance. The progress of the survey also helped bridge the gap between academic theorization and corporate pragmatism, with specific input spurring local and regional development. As a result, it would be appropriate for future research projects to explore the impacts caused by the implementation of the procedure on the technology management indicators of small businesses in this sector.