Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Language and Dosing Errors After Discharge From the Pediatric Emergency Department

Objectives Safe and effective care after discharge requires parental education in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Parent-provider communication may be more difficult with parents who have limited health literacy or English-language fluency. This study examined the relationship between language and discharge comprehension regarding medication dosing. Methods We completed a prospective observational study of the ED discharge process using a convenience sample of English- and Spanish-speaking parents of children 2 to 24 months presenting to a single tertiary care pediatric ED with fever and/or respiratory illness. A bilingual research assistant interviewed parents to ascertain their primary language and health literacy and observed the discharge process. The primary outcome was parental demonstration of an incorrect dose of acetaminophen for the weight of his or her child. Results A total of 259 parent-child dyads were screened. There were 210 potential discharges, and 145 (69%) of 210 completed the postdischarge interview. Forty-six parents (32%) had an acetaminophen dosing error. Spanish-speaking parents were significantly more likely to have a dosing error (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–8.1), even after adjustment for language of discharge, income, and parental health literacy (adjusted odds ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–31.7). Conclusions Current ED discharge communication results in a significant disparity between English- and Spanish-speaking parents’ comprehension of a crucial aspect of medication safety. These differences were not explained purely by interpretation, suggesting that interventions to improve comprehension must address factors beyond language alone.
A modified algorithm for multi-objective constrained optimization problems

A modified algorithm is proposed according to the multi-objective constrained optimization problems. In order to let constraint conditions convert to an optimization objective used a transform strategy, which is a satisfactory summation function of constraint conditions, to accelerate the convergence rate, a new region changed acceleration mechanism is used, and for shake of improving the local search ability, chaos search technology is introduced. This modified algorithm not only improves the diversity of solution set but also makes the nondominated solutions approach the Pareto set as close as possible. At last, the algorithm is applied to three classical test functions; the optimization performance of modified algorithm is evaluated and numerical experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis in hepatitis C virus infected individuals

Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a preclinical condition characterized by an expansion of clonal B cells in the absence of B lymphocytosis (BALC < 5 × 109/L) in the peripheral blood, without clinical signs, suggestive of a lymphoproliferative disorder. B cell clonal expansions are also associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and they can evolve into lymphoproliferative disorders such as mixed cryoglobulinemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The relationship between MBL and HCV infection has not been established yet.
Bacteriuria is associated with urge urinary incontinence in older women

Objective. To investigate the association between bacteriuria and frequency and type of urinary incontinence in elderly people living in the community. Bacteriuria and urinary incontinence are common conditions and often coexisting in this population; the authors have previously reported the prevalence of bacteriuria to be 22.4% in women and 9.4% in men. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. The catchment area of a primary healthcare centre in a Swedish middle-sized town. Subjects. Residents, except for those in nursing homes, aged 80 and over. Participation rate: 80.3% (431/537). Main outcome measures. Urinary cultures and questionnaire data on urinary incontinence. Results. In women the OR for having bacteriuria increased with increasing frequency of urinary incontinence; the OR was 2.83 (95% CI 1.35–5.94) for women who were incontinent daily as compared with continent women. Reporting urge urinary incontinence increased the risk of having bacteriuria: 3.36 (95% CI 1.49–7.58) in comparison with continent women while there was no significant association between stress urinary incontinence and bacteriuria. The prevalence of bacteriuria among men was too low to make any meaningful calculations about the association between bacteriuria and frequency and type of incontinence. Conclusion. Bacteriuria is associated with more frequent leakage and predominantly with urge urinary incontinence. The causes of this association and their clinical implications remain unclear. There might be some individuals who would benefit from antibiotic treatment, but further studies are warranted.
Performance implications of organisational structure and knowledge sharing in multinational R&D networks

Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are uniquely equipped to acquire knowledge from external sources because they can access pockets of innovation located throughout the world. MNEs can source knowledge externally through foreign direct investment in R&D, a strategy that has become prevalent during the past two decades. Unfortunately, little is known about the performance implications of external knowledge sourcing through R&D internationalisation, nor have researchers determined how organisational structure and intrafirm knowledge-sharing routines affect innovative performance in multinationals that set up R&D sites abroad. This study examines the effect of organisational structure and knowledge sharing on innovative performance in the overseas R&D units of North American, European and Japanese multinationals. An analysis of data from a survey of overseas R&D site directors in 17 countries suggests that innovative performance is enhanced by the lateral and hierarchical exchange of knowledge but suppressed b.
Coming across information serendipitously - Part 1: A process model

Purpose – This research seeks to gain a detailed understanding of how researchers come across information serendipitously, grounded in real‐world examples. This research was undertaken to enrich the theoretical understanding of this slippery phenomenon.Design/methodology/approach – Semi‐structured critical incident interviews were conducted with 28 interdisciplinary researchers. Interviewees were asked to discuss memorable examples of coming across information serendipitously from their research or everyday life. The data collection and analysis process followed many of the core principles of grounded theory methodology.Findings – The examples provided were varied, but shared common elements (they involved a mix of unexpectedness and insight and led to a valuable, unanticipated outcome). These elements form part of an empirically grounded process model of serendipity. In this model, a new connection is made that involves a mix of unexpectedness and insight and has the potential to lead to a valuable outco.
Perioperative chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an FNCLCC and FFCD multicenter phase III trial.

PURPOSE After curative resection, the prognosis of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is poor. This phase III trial was designed to evaluate the benefit in overall survival (OS) of perioperative fluorouracil plus cisplatin in resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 224 patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus, gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), or stomach were randomly assigned to either perioperative chemotherapy and surgery (CS group; n = 113) or surgery alone (S group; n = 111). Chemotherapy consisted of two or three preoperative cycles of intravenous cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)) on day 1, and a continuous intravenous infusion of fluorouracil (800 mg/m(2)/d) for 5 consecutive days (days 1 to 5) every 28 days and three or four postoperative cycles of the same regimen. The primary end point was OS. RESULTS Compared with the S group, the CS group had a better OS (5-year rate 38% v 24%; hazard ratio [HR] for death: 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.95; P = .02); and a better disease-free survival (5-year rate: 34% v 19%; HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89; P = .003). In the multivariable analysis, the favorable prognostic factors for survival were perioperative chemotherapy (P = .01) and stomach tumor localization (P < .01). Perioperative chemotherapy significantly improved the curative resection rate (84% v 73%; P = .04). Grade 3 to 4 toxicity occurred in 38% of CS patients (mainly neutropenia) but postoperative morbidity was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION In patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus, GEJ, or stomach, perioperative chemotherapy using fluorouracil plus cisplatin significantly increased the curative resection rate, disease-free survival, and OS.
Contribution of the Mannan Backbone of Cryptococcal Glucuronoxylomannan and a Glycolytic Enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus to Contact-Mediated Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans

ABSTRACT The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is killed by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, and the killing is inhibited by soluble capsular polysaccharides. To investigate the mechanism of killing, cells in coculture were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. S. aureus attached to the capsule of C. neoformans, and the ultrastructure of the attached C. neoformans cells was characteristic of dead cells. To identify the molecules that contributed to the fungal-bacterial interaction, we treated each with NaIO4 or protease. Treatment of C. neoformans with NaIO4 promoted adherence. It was inferred that cleavage of xylose and glucuronic acid side chains of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) allowed S. aureus to recognize mannose residues in the backbone, which resisted periodate oxidation. On the other hand, treatment of S. aureus with protease decreased adherence, suggesting that protein contributed to attachment in S. aureus. In confirmation, side chain-cleaved polysaccharide or defined α-(1→3)-mannan inhibited the killing at lower concentrations than native GXM did. Also, these polysaccharides reduced the adherence of the two species and induced clumping of pure S. aureus cells. α-(1→3)-Mannooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) of ≥3 induced cluster formation of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Surface plasmon resonance analyses showed interaction of GXM and surface protein from S. aureus; the interaction was inhibited by oligosaccharides with a DP of ≥3. Conformations of α-(1→3) oligosaccharides were predicted. The three-dimensional structures of mannooligosaccharides larger than triose appeared curved and could be imagined to be recognized by a hypothetical staphylococcal lectin. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of staphylococcal protein followed by electroblotting, enzyme-linked immunolectin assay, protein staining, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing suggested that the candidate protein was triosephosphate isomerase (TPI). The enzymatic activities were confirmed by using whole cells of S. aureus. TPI point mutants of S. aureus decreased the ability to interact with C. neoformans. Thus, TPI on S. aureus adheres to the capsule of C. neoformans by recognizing the structure of mannotriose units in the backbone of GXM; we suggest that this contact is required for killing of C. neoformans.
Contribution of Genetic Factors to the Pathogenesis of Paget's Disease of Bone and Related Disorders

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common condition with a strong genetic component that is characterized by focal increases in bone turnover, leading to bone deformity, pathological fractures, and various other complications. Several rare disorders have also been described that show phenotypic overlap with PDB. Genome‐wide searches have identified several susceptibility loci for PDB and PDB‐like disorders, and mutations that cause these disorders have now been identified in four genes, all of which are involved in the RANK‐NF‐κB signaling pathway. Mutations in SQSTM1, which encodes an important scaffold protein in this pathway, have been found to be a common cause of classical PDB. Thus far, all disease‐causing mutations in SQSTM1 affect the ubiquitin‐associated (UBA) domain of the gene product and cause loss of ubiquitin binding. The rare PDB‐like disorders of familial expansile osteolysis, early‐onset familial PDB, and expansile skeletal hyperphosphatasia are caused by duplication mutations in exon 1 of the TNFRSF11A gene, which encodes the RANK receptor. This gene does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of classical PDB. Inactivating mutations in the TNFRSF11B gene, which encodes osteoprotegerin, cause juvenile PDB, and TNFRSF11B polymorphisms seem to increase the risk of classical PDB. The rare syndrome of hereditary inclusion body myopathy, PDB, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is caused by mutations in the VCP gene, which is involved in regulating I‐κB degradation by the proteasome. The disease‐causing mutations in VCP cluster in and around a domain involved in ubiquitin binding. Whereas SQSTM1 has emerged as an important gene for classical PDB, most kindreds with familial PDB do not carry SQSTM1 mutations, indicating that additional genes for PDB remain to be discovered. In light of the molecular defects that have been identified thus far, it seems likely that these genes will also be involved in the RANK‐NF‐κB signaling pathway or its interactions with the ubiquitin‐proteasome system.
Micelle formation by some antihistamines in aqueous solution

Typical colloidal behaviour is exhibited by many drugs from several pharmacological groups of compounds including the local anaesthetics, antidepressives, tranquillizers, antibacterials and antibiotics (Florence, 1968 ; Felmeister, 1972). The consequences of surface activity on the biological activity of the drugs and the problems that arise in the formulation of surface-active drugs have been discussed. With the exception of the phenothiazine derivative, promethazine hydrochloride, the surface activity (Seeman & Bialy, 1963; Zografi & Zarenda, 1966) and micellar properties (Scholtan, 1955; Florence & Parfitt, 1979, 1971) of which have been studied extensively, the antihistamines have received little attention in this respect. Hammarlund & PedersenBjergaard (1958) reported that bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride appeared to form molecular aggregates in aqueous solution in concentrations in excess of 0-05 mol litre-I. Johnson, Goyan & Tuck (1965) noted a similar tendency for aggregation in aqueous solutions of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Farhadieh, Hall & Hammarlund (1967) used vapour pressure osmometry and conductivity measurements in an investigation of a series of medicinal amines that included both of the above diphenylmethane derivatives and also tripelennamine hydrochloride and mepyramine maleate, which are antihistamines based on the pyridine nucleus. Aggregation of each of these compounds was indicated. I have used light scattering to study in more detail the micellization of the above two diphenylmethane derivatives and also to examine other antihistamines of this type for similar behaviour. Commercial samples of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride, chlorcyclizine hydrochloride and diphenylpyraline hydrochloride were used without further purification. Measurements were made at 30.0" with a Fica 42000 photogoniodiffusometer (A.R.L. Ltd.) using a wavelength of 546nm. Clarification of the aqueous solutions was achieved by ultrafiltration through a 0.1 pm Millipore filter. The refractive index increment of the micellar species, dnldc', was measured at 546 nm using a differential refractometer (P.C.L. Ltd.). Critical micelle concentrations, cmc, were determined from the inflection points of graphs of the scattering at an angle of 90" to the incident beam, Sg0, as a function of
Fluorescent Pseudomonad Pyoverdines Bind and Oxidize Ferrous Ion

ABSTRACT Major pyoverdines from Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 (Pf-B), P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (Pa-C), and P. putida ATCC 12633 (Pp-C) were examined by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques to investigate the interaction between ferrous ion and the pyoverdine ligand. At physiological pH, ferrous ion quenched the fluorescence of all three pyoverdines much faster than ferric ion did. Also, increased absorbance at 460 nm was observed to be much faster for Fe2+-pyoverdine than for Fe3+-pyoverdine. At pH 7.4, about 90% of Fe3+was bound by pyoverdine Pa-C after 24 h whereas Fe2+was bound by the pyoverdine completely in only 5 min. The possibility that Fe2+ underwent rapid autoxidation before being bound by pyoverdine was considered unlikely, since the Fe2+concentration in pyoverdine-free samples remained constant over a 3-min period at pH 7.4. Incubating excess Fe2+ with pyoverdine in the presence of 8-hydroxyquinoline, an Fe3+-specific chelating agent, resulted in the formation of a Fe3+-hydroxyquinoline complex, suggesting that the iron in the Fe2+-pyoverdine complex existed in the oxidized form. These results strongly suggested that pyoverdines bind and oxidize the ferrous ion.
Septic Gonococcal Dermatitis: Demonstration of Gonococci and Gonococcal Antigens in Skin Lesions by Immunofluorescence

In recent years attention has been drawn to the gonococcal dermatitis syndrome, characterized by intermittent fever, arthralgia, and a hemorrhagic vesiculopustular cutaneous eruption. This syndrome is associated with genitourinary gonorrhea. The skin lesions have been thought to be caused by bacterial embolization accompanying a transient gonococcemia, but there has been little firm evidence to support this concept. Two cases of the gonococcal dermatitis syndrome are reported. Gonococci were isolated from blood and joint fluid in one patient and from a cervical discharge of the other. Gonococci were demonstrated in skin lesions of both patients by employing fluorescent antibody techniques, but not by Gram's stain. Immunofluorescence of histopathologic sections showed gonococci and gonococcal antigens, not noted with routine staining; the antigen was located around blood vessels of a skin lesion.
Source correlation and maturity assessment of select oils and rocks from the central Adriatic Basin (Italy and Yugoslavia)

Etude de la composition chimique et de la maturation d'huiles provenant du Bassin Adriatique afin d'etablir des correlations entre la nature des huiles et les roches meres. L'etude experimentale est realisee en combinant l'utilisation de marqueurs biologiques et l'analyse des isotopes stables
MIMO Two-Way Compress-and-Forward Relaying with Approximate Joint Eigen-Decomposition

While compress-and-forward (CF) is one of the basic relay protocols in cooperative transmission, little is known about the optimal design of CF in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relay channels (TWRC). An intuitive method is to compress each element of the superimposed signal vector during the multiple-access (MAC) phase independently and with identical compression noise variance. In this paper, we introduce an improved compression method. The key idea is to apply approximate joint diagonalization (AJD) to realize simultaneous eigen-decomposition of the two channel matrices in the MAC phase of two-way relaying in an approximate manner. After that, a novel covariance matrix design of the compression noise vector is derived for sum-rate maximization. Numerical results show that the proposed CF design can improve the spectral efficiency, especially when the relay node is close to any of the two source nodes instead of in the midpoint.
Screening Hybrid Poplar Clones for Susceptibility to Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract The poplar-and-willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a wood-boring pest of economic importance in irrigated hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) farms in eastern Washington and Oregon. There is no practical insecticide control tactic against either the larval or adult stage of C. lapathi. To assess variability in C. lapathi toward clone preference, we initiated a no-choice study on 180 caged trees that consisted of five clones in a randomized complete block design. C. lapathi was significantly more successful at establishing a population in two clones with Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides (TxD) parentage (♀ × ♂) than in either of two clones with P. deltoides × P. nigra (DxN) parentage (♀ × ♂), or a single clone with P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii (DxM) parentage (♀ × ♂). There were no significant differences in the rate of weevil development among infested clones, with the exception of DxM trees. Larvae in DxM clones developed on average to the fourth size grouping and those in the two TxD clones developed on average to the fifth size grouping, and this difference was significant. These results corroborate our general damage surveys conducted in the field. Our findings provide growers with the option to choose less susceptible varieties when replanting.
Temporomandibular joint involvement in a cohort of patients with Juvenile Idiopatic Arthritis and evaluation of the effect induced by functional orthodontic appliance: clinical and radiographic investigation.

AIM The aim of the study was to assess possible correlations between the clinical parameters of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis and pathologic MRI findings of the TMJ in patients affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and the effect of a functional orthodontic therapy on the evolution of TMJ disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective clinical and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigation was conducted on a sample of 53 patients (41 female, 12 male) with JIA, treated for 24 months with an Andresen appliance. The involvement of TMJ was defined by clinical and radiological signs. NMR assessments were performed in closed and maximum opening mouth position before (T0) and at the end of functional orthodontic therapy (T1). RESULTS Fifteen patients showed physical and radiologic TMJ abnormalities. Changes were not uniformly distributed among the different JIA subtypes. Patients with poliarticular JIA (≥5 peripheral joints affected) showed more destructive bony changes. No correlation existed between clinical symptoms and NMR alterations. Approximately one half of the patients experienced significant improvement of the TMJ and muscular pain using the Andresen appliance. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TMJ involvement in patients suffering of JIA, and the improvement of TMJ and muscular pain associated with the use of functional appliance found in the present study, suggest an alert for TMJ dysfunction in patients with JIA and demonstrate the utility of functional orthodontic therapy in preventing the morbidities associated with TMJ arthritis in JIA.