Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Considerations and Challenges in Treating Patients With Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer.

One of the most challenging aspects of caring for patients with prostate cancer remains the heterogeneity of their disease. Patients invariably ask about prognosis and curability of their cancer. Use of nomograms and clinical trial data help to provide some relevant information in various disease states. Formany situations, the answer to such a question still remains difficult. A particularly difficult situation arises with patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with oligometastatic disease. The excellent review by Clement and Sweeney sheds light on this clinically relevant population. What exactly is oligometastatic disease in patients with prostate cancer? There has not yet been a consensus definition, and this highlights the difficult nature of this disease state. Somestudieshaveconsidered patients with one to three metastases as having oligometastatic disease, whereas other studies have an expanded definition allowing one to five lesions. Current studies have tried to stratify disease as high volume versus low volume to tease out subgroups of patients with hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer that would benefit from more aggressive therapy. Clinical outcomes and data show that patients with limited metastatic disease often do better than patients with high-volume metastases, regardless of treatmentmodality. This clinical phenomenon may account for the larger benefit of the chemohormonal therapy of androgendeprivationanddocetaxel inhighvolume disease but lack of a benefit in patients with low-volume disease. Multiple studies highlighted in the accompanying article by Clement and Sweeney are testing different initial androgen-deprivation therapy–based combination therapies in patients with oligometastatic disease. Unlike with docetaxel, an intense combinatorial approach may take advantage of the unique biology of patients with low-volume oligometastatic prostate cancer. There are challenging logistics and factors in caring for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer. The role of definitive therapy for the primary site of disease in patients withmetastatic prostate cancer is unclear. Retrospective data show some clinical benefit with definitive therapy of the primary site of disease, both in men with lymph node–positive disease and in those with low-volume M1b disease. This included a longer period until castration resistance. Prospective studies are ongoing to help determine the role of local control by radiation or surgery in addition to androgen-deprivation therapy. Patients who have poor prognostic factors such as initial unresponsiveness to androgen-deprivation therapy or other adverse prognostic factors may not be candidates for local definitive therapy. General consensus from our group would not support routine local interventionwith curative intent in patients with metastatic
Neurogenic and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Regulates Blood Circulation in Lingual and Other Oral Tissues

Abstract: Blood flow in oral tissues, including the tongue, salivary glands, gingiva, dental pulp, and lip, plays an important role in modulating the complex oral functions involved in food intake. Oral tissue circulation is regulated by nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by neuronal NO synthase mainly present in parasympathetic vasodilator neurons and also by endothelial NO sythase. Electrical stimulation of parasympathetic nerves causes vasodilatation and blood flow increase in the tongue, submandibular gland, and lip in various mammals in vitro and in vivo. Lingual arteries isolated from Japanese monkeys respond to perivascular nerve stimulation by electrical pulses and nicotine with relaxations that are mediated via neurogenic NO. There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that the superior salivatory nucleus delivers central information through the geniculate ganglion and greater petrosal nerve to the pterygopalatine ganglion, which sends off impulses through nitrergic nerves to oral tissues. Endothelial NO also plays an important role in improving oral blood circulation not only in resting conditions but also under conditions activated by chemical and physical stimuli in the tongue, submandibular and parotid glands, dental pulp/gingiva, and cheek pouch. Maintenance of health in oral circulation by minimizing factors responsible for impairment of endothelial and neurogenic NO bioavailability would be important for the prophylaxis of life-style related diseases.
Does Street Earnings Matter More than GAAP Earnings for CEO Turnovers ?

Street earnings, a non-GAAP measure of profitability, has become the focal point of communication between managers, investors and financial analysts. We therefore ask: Is it also used by boards in CEO retention decisions? We provide evidence that the likelihood and speed of CEO forced turnover is negatively related to GAAP earnings and is unrelated to street earnings. We also find that increasing analysts’ expectations of street earnings reduces the likelihood and speed of forced turnover, suggesting that downward expectation management can be costly to managers. Overall, our results suggest that internally boards rely on GAAP earnings as a leading monitoring device although under Regulation G non-GAAP earnings are of higher quality. That boards do not rely on street earnings suggests they are less informative than GAAP earnings. This incongruity between internal and external performance measures raises a concern that boards are complicit in the deployment of street earnings as a perceptionmanagement tool.
A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury.

PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of muscle stretching during warm-up on the risk of exercise-related injury. METHODS 1538 male army recruits were randomly allocated to stretch or control groups. During the ensuing 12 wk of training, both groups performed active warm-up exercises before physical training sessions. In addition, the stretch group performed one 20-s static stretch under supervision for each of six major leg muscle groups during every warm-up. The control group did not stretch. RESULTS 333 lower-limb injuries were recorded during the training period, including 214 soft-tissue injuries. There were 158 injuries in the stretch group and 175 in the control group. There was no significant effect of preexercise stretching on all-injuries risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% CI 0.77-1.18), soft-tissue injury risk (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.63-1.09), or bone injury risk (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.86-1.76). Fitness (20-m progressive shuttle run test score), age, and enlistment date all significantly predicted injury risk (P < 0.01 for each), but height, weight, and body mass index did not. CONCLUSION A typical muscle stretching protocol performed during preexercise warm-ups does not produce clinically meaningful reductions in risk of exercise-related injury in army recruits. Fitness may be an important, modifiable risk factor.
Quantification of Uncertainty in Relative Permeability for Coarse-Scale Reservoir Simulation

Reservoir simulation to predict production performance requires two steps: one is history-matching, and the other is uncertainty quantification in forecasting. In the process of history-matching, rock relative permeability curves are often altered to reproduce production data. However, guidelines for changing the shape of the curves have not been clearly established. The aim of this paper is to clarify the possible influence of relative permeabilities on reservoir simulation using the uncertainty envelope. We propose a method for adjusting the shape of relative permeability curves during history-matching at the coarse scale, using the Neighbourhood Approximation algorithm and B-spline parameterisation. After generating multiple history-matched models, we quantify the uncertainty envelope in a Bayesian framework. Our approach aims at encapsulating sub-grid heterogeneity in multi-phase functions directly in the coarse-scale model, and predicting uncertainty. In this sense, the framework diers from conventional procedures which perturb fine-scale features, upscale the models and evaluate each performance. In addition, B-spline parameterisation is flexible allowing the capture of local features in the relative permeability curves. The results of synthetic cases showed that the lack of knowledge of the subgrid permeability and the insucient
Nurse Executive Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment

Objective To investigate the relationship between nurse executive leadership and organizational commitment among nurses in acute care hospitals. Background A key challenge for organizations is to maximize the contributions of all workers by cultivating their commitment. Nurse leaders are in a position to influence organizational commitment among nurses. Methods The theoretical constructs underlying this study are the transformational leadership theory and the Etzioni's organizational theory. A cross-sectional, field survey of nurse executives, nurse managers, and staff nurses was conducted to assess nurse executive transformational and transactional leadership and their relationship to organizational commitment. Hypotheses were tested using correlational analysis, and univariate statistics were used to describe the sample. Results An inverse relationship between nurse executive transformational and transactional leadership and alienative (highly negative) organizational commitment was statistically significant. A positive association was demonstrated between nurse executive leadership and nurse manager leadership. Conclusions This study supports the effect of nurse executive leadership on nurse manager leadership and on organizational commitment among nurses despite role distance. To the extent that transformational leadership is present, alienative organizational commitment is reduced. This relationship shows the importance of nurse executive leadership in organizational involvement among nurses in the dynamic context of contemporary hospital settings.
(E)-4-Amino-N′-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide monohydrate

In the title compound, C15H15N3O3·H2O, the hydazide Schiff base molecule shows an E conformation around the C=N bond. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond makes an S(6) ring motif. The dihedral angle between the substituted phenyl rings is 23.40 (11)°. The water molecule mediates linking of neighbouring molecules through O—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds into infinite chains along the a axis, which are further connected together through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001). C—H⋯O interactions aso occur.
Hydrogen and syngas production by catalytic gasification of algal biomass (Cladophora glomerata L.) using alkali and alkaline-earth metals compounds

ABSTRACT The steam gasification of algal biomass (Cladophora glomerata L.) in presence of alkali and alkaline-earth metal compounds catalysts was studied to enhance the yield of syngas and reduce its tar content through cracking and reforming of condensable fractions. The commercial catalysts used include NaOH, KHCO3, Na3PO4 and MgO. The gasification runs carried out with a research scale, biomass gasification unit, show that the NaOH has a strong potential for production of hydrogen, along with the added advantages of char converting and tar destruction, allowing enhancement of produced syngas caloric value. When the temperature increased from 700°C to 900°C, the tar content in the gas sharply decreased, while the hydrogen yield increased. Increasing steam/biomass ratio significantly increased hydrogen yield and tar destruction; however, the particle size in the range of 0.5–2.5 mm played a minor role in the process.
The Role of Light and Nitrate in the Induction of Nitrate Reductase in Radish Cotyledons and Maize Seedlings.

Altlloutgh the iildllctioll of en-ynie sylntlhesis has heen extensi-ely studiecl in luicrol)ial systenms in re-cent years (21,31), comparable stu(lies svith higlher planlts have received less attention. for
Lack of continuity — a problem in the care of young suicides

The course of the psychiatric in‐patient treatment received by 34 young people aged 15‐24 years before their deaths from suicide was studied retrospectively on the basis of medical records. The quality of the care that they were given was appraised in terms of continuity, an important aspect of the care of young individuals during a period of dynamic development. There were two suicides among patients in child psychiatric care and 32 suicides among those in adult psychiatric care. Continuity of child psychiatric care was satisfactory, while the striking discontinuity in adult psychiatric care, in terms of contacts with doctors, therapists and other staff, with from 3 to 30 different doctors being involved during the period of care, may have been a factor contributing to the suicidal outcome in these cases. In total, 20 of the 34 young people had reported previously known suicide attempts, and notes concerning suicidal communication were mentioned in all but three of the records, while in only three of the records had any form of suicide‐risk assessment been noted at the last care session before the suicide. Information about the suicidal process was thus available for most of these records but, as a rule, suicidal analyses were nevertheless lacking.
Training and transfer of training effects in EMG biofeedback assisted muscular relaxation.

Twenty-two normal adults participated in an electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback experiment designed to test if the feedback stimulus is necessary in obtaining EMG reductions during typical laboratory procedures, and if prior training on one muscle facilitates the training of a second muscle. One group of subjects received forearm feedback training followed by frontalis training. A second group received training in the reverse order. Two control groups relaxed first on their own followed by either forearm or frontalis training. Attention was directed toward motivating control subjects to perform maximally during relaxation without feedback. Heart and respiration rates and skin conductance and temperature were also recorded. Both trained and untrained subjects produced significant EMG reductions but did not differ from each other; nor did a transfer of training effect emerge. No differences resulted between feedback and non-feedback conditions for the other physiological measures or for changes in state anxiety. These data compromise somewhat the previous demonstrations of EMG biofeedback “learning,” and are unsupportive of EMG biofeedback as a general relaxation training technique.
The adult sense of coherence scale is applicable to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren—an additional tool in health promotion

Background: Two principal operationalizations of sense of coherence (SOC) for the study of adults have been developed, one consisting of 29 and another consisting of 13 items. According to these studies, SOC is associated with various aspects of perceived health. Also, a 16‐item scale for determining SOC in young children (≤10 y) is available. It is unclear from which age on SOC can be studied by using any of the scales for adults. Aim: To determine whether the 13‐item SOC scale for adults is applicable to children 12 y of age. Methods: Comparable data of SOC had been collected by a mail survey directed to adults (mean age 36 y, n=706) in 1985. Twelve‐year‐old children filled in questionnaires in school class in 1997 (n=994). Results: SOC score range, mean, median and standard deviation (SD), and Cronbach alpha coefficients of the total SOC scale were almost identical in children and adults.
Cervical ripening and induction of labor with misoprostol, dinoprostone gel, and a Foley catheter: a randomized trial of 3 techniques.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of 3 different techniques of cervical ripening and induction. STUDY DESIGN Patients who required cervical ripening and induction were randomized to one of 3 groups: (1) supracervical Foley catheter and intravaginal dinoprostone gel, (2) supracervical Foley catheter and 100 microg oral doses of misoprostol, or (3) serial 100-microg oral doses of misoprostol. Intravenous oxytocin was administered when a protraction disorder of labor was identified. RESULTS There were 339 women randomized. There was no significant difference in the time from first intervention to delivery in the 3 groups (P =.546). In each group, a similar percentage of women required oxytocin (P =.103). The rates of cesarean delivery were equivalent among the groups (P =.722). Rates of tachysystole were high but statistically equivalent among the 3 groups. There were no significant differences in Apgar scores or umbilical artery pH. CONCLUSION Oral 100 microg serial doses of misoprostol, with or without the use of a supracervical Foley catheter, were equivalent to the use of a supracervical Foley catheter and serial 4-mg doses of dinoprostone gel for cervical ripening and the induction of labor.
Eps15R Is a Tyrosine Kinase Substrate with Characteristics of a Docking Protein Possibly Involved in Coated Pits-mediated Internalization*

eps15R was identified because of its relatedness to eps15, a gene encoding a tyrosine kinase substrate bearing a novel protein-protein interaction domain, called EH. In this paper, we report a biochemical characterization of theeps15R gene product(s). In NIH-3T3 cells, three proteins of 125, 108, and 76 kDa were specifically recognized by anti-eps15R sera. The 125-kDa species is a bona fide product of the eps15Rgene, whereas p108 and p76 are most likely products of alternative splicing events. Eps15R protein(s) are tyrosine-phosphorylated following epidermal growth factor receptor activation in NIH-3T3 cells overexpressing the receptor, even at low levels of receptor occupancy, thus behaving as physiological substrates. A role for eps15R in clathrin-mediated endocytosis is suggested by its localization in plasma membrane-coated pits and in vivo association to the coated pits’ adapter protein AP-2. Finally, we demonstrate that a sizable fraction of eps15R exists in the cell as a complex with eps15 and that its EH domains exhibit binding specificities that are partially distinct from those of eps15. We propose that eps15 and eps15R are multifunctional binding proteins that serve pleiotropic functions within the cell.
Evaluation of Cisplatin Ototoxicity in a Rat Animal Model

ABSTRACT: The ototoxic effects of cisplatin were evaluated by otoacoustic emissions and evoked auditory responses. A transient otoacoustic emissions protocol indicated no significant ototoxic effects in rats treated intravenously with 7.5 mg/kg/week for 2‐weeks. A chronic 6‐week treatment (2.5 mg/kg/week) monitored by 2F1‐F2 distortion product emissions presented significant SNR alterations in a narrow range of frequencies (5.04–5.66 kHz). An acute treatment of 15 mg/kg, using slow 30‐min intraperitoneal infusion, presented the highest DP and ABR alterations. The SNR at the 2F1‐F2 frequencies 6.34, 7.13, and 7.56 kHz was found significantly decreased, and ABR latency measurements from 8‐kHz burst stimuli verified these alterations.
Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Human Hepatocytes to Protect Them From Ethanol-induced Cytotoxicity 1

Background/Aim We investigated the relationship between ethanol exposure and heme oxygenase (HO-1) in human hepatocytes in order to ascertain if induction of HO-1 can prevent ethanol induced cellular damage. Methods Dose-dependent (25-100 mmol/L) and time-dependent (0-24 h) ethanol exposure were used in the present study. HO-1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by PT-PCR and Western blot respectively. HO-1 activity was indicated by bilirubin and Fe formation. Cytotoxicity was investigated by means of lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) level in culture supernatants, as well as the intracellular formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), cellular glutathione (GSH) status and CYP 2E1 activity. Results We first demonstrated a dose-dependent response between ethanol exposure and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in human hepatocytes. We further observed a time-dependent increase of HO-1 mRNA expression using 100 mmol/L ethanol starting 30 minutes after ethanol exposure, reaching its maximum between 3 h and 9 h. Being similar to what had been demonstrated with the mRNA level, increased protein expression started at 6 h after ethanol exposure, and kept continuous elevated over 18 h. In addition, we found that ethanol exposure to hepatocytes markedly increased HO-1 enzyme activity in a time-dependent manner measured as bilirubin and Fe formation in human hepatocytes. Our results clearly showed that ethanol exposure caused a significant increase of LDH, AST, and MDA levels, while the antioxidant GSH was time-dependently reduced. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pre-administration of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) induced HO-1 in human hepatocytes, and prevented an increase of MDA and a decrease of GSH. These effects could be partially reversed by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), an antagonist of HO-1 induction. Conclusion HO-1 expression in cells or organs could lead to new strategies for better prevention and treatment of ethanol-induced oxidative damage in human liver.
Transient tachypnea of the newborn and congenital pneumonia: a comparative study

Objective: Identify perinatal risk factors for transient tachypnea and pneumonia in neonates, and compare the outcome of these clinical conditions during the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay. Methods: Retrospective review of newborns admitted to a level III NICU, comparing patients with transient tachypnea, pneumonia and a control group of healthy neonates. Results: We included 202 patients with transient tachypnea, 29 with pneumonia and 498 controls. Perinatal infectious risk factors were more frequent in patients with pneumonia than in transient tachypnea (p < 0.001), but the two were identical in terms of the remaining perinatal variables. Patients with pneumonia were admitted for a longer period (p < 0.001) and required supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support more frequently and for a longer period. Comparing with controls, Apgar score at one and five minutes was higher in controls than in patients with pneumonia (p0.032 and p < 0.001) or transient tachypnea (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: In most cases, newborns with transient tachypnea and pneumonia are indistinguishable at presentation but clinical evolution is significantly different. The presence of perinatal infectious risk supports the diagnosis of pneumonia. Low Apgar score at one and five minutes was associated with both diseases, suggesting that etiologic factors may already be present at birth.
The Phenomenology of Self-Mutilation in a General Hospital Setting*

Comparison of a series of twenty-four wrist-cutters with a control group of self-poisoners showed a number of significant differences. The wrist-cutters were younger and their acts were regarded as being of low lethality; they are no more likely to have made previous suicide attempts; they complain less often of depression, and more frequently of 'emptiness' and tension as primary complaints. Sudden, unpredictable mood swings are common and there is a greater tendency for their physicians to diagnose personality disorders, often in pejorative terms. They frequently have substantial medical interests and paramedical occupations. A high proportion complain of dysorectic symptoms (anorexia or overeating or combinations of both), use drugs and/or alcohol in excess; show sexual disturbance and distress, and also promiscuity. They more frequently have a negative reaction to menarche and menstruation; have come from broken homes and have experienced parental deprivation. A proportion of the group exhibit difficulty in verbal communication, and absconding from hospital was more common in the group of cutters. Painless cutting after a period of depersonalization, followed by relaxation and repersonalization after bleeding, was the typical pattern.