Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Perinatal Asphyxia in Newborns Delivered at Term

Perinatal asphyxia is defined as harm to the fetus or the newborn caused by hypoxia and/or ischemia of various organs with intensity to produce biochemical and/or functional changes. Understanding the risk factors for this clinical condition allows the identification of vulnerable groups, enabling an improvement in care planning in the perinatal period in neonatal intensive care units. In this sense, this research aimed to identify risk factors for perinatal asphyxia present in newborns term that showed record for this clinical condition. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective documentary, quantitative and descriptive, conducted from data from medical records of 55 infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. As for maternal characteristics (78.0%) had between 16 and 35 years, only one child (53.0%) and (76.0%) had no prior history of miscarriage. As for pre-existing diseases or pregnancy (38.0%) developed by Hypertensive Pregnancy Specific disease (02.0%) were suffering from Hypertension and (02.0%) of Diabetes Mellitus. As for newborns, most infants had birth weight (43.6%) and correlation with gestational age (78.2%) compatible for good conditions of birth. Only (20.0%) of the infants had a difficult labor. It stood out although there was a slight predominance of severe asphyxia (50.9%) in the first minute and (45.5%) of the infants had record release intrauterine meconium. It was concluded that most mothers and newborns did not have risk factors for perinatal asphyxia, thus, this fact could be attributed to the structural conditions of service, especially in the care during labor, delivery and immediate assistance newborn.
Exploring knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward the use of evidence-based practice amongst academic health care practitioners in their teaching in a South African university: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND If institutions of higher education are to produce health professionals whose practice is research based, then students need to be exposed to learning opportunities that include searching for information and critical appraisal. This requires teachers to incorporate the latest research in their teaching. One of the identified strategic goals of a South African university was to produce evidence-based health care practitioners. Evidence-based practice (EBP) requires that health care practitioners plan their actions based on clinically relevant studies and research as opposed to traditional actions that are steeped in opinion. AIM OF STUDY To determine the extent to which academic health care practitioners use "evidence" in their teaching and what they perceived as barriers to the use of EBP. METHODS A quantitative design was chosen and a structured questionnaire was used. The areas that were measured included knowledge and attitudes, use of EBP and perceived barriers to the use of EBP. RESULTS Twenty-three academic health care practitioners completed the questionnaire. Knowledge and attitudes: 80% strongly agreed on a four-point Likert scale, that there is a strong need to incorporate EBP into teaching, with only 48% strongly agreeing that EBP is another perspective of clinical effectiveness. Use of EBP: 73.9% stated that they used EBP in their teaching and 60.9% agreed that it imposes another demand on an already overloaded academic. More than half reported using journals, textbooks, the Internet, colleagues, and the Cochrane library to improve their teaching. CONCLUSIONS Academic health care practitioners attempting to implement EBP have encountered a significant number of barriers in this South African institution. These barriers include lack of knowledge pertaining to EBP, lack of access to research findings, insufficient evidence, and insufficient time.
Trichinella britovi in the jackal Canis aureus from south-west Iran

Abstract Trichinellosis is an important helminthic food-borne zoonosis, which is caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Although, Trichinella spp. has been detected frequently in Iranian wildlife, this parasitic infection is not considered a major public health problem. This is largely because Islamic codes forbid consumption of pork meat in this country. However, knowledge about this zoonotic pathogen is important because human trichinellosis has been documented in countries where most of the population is Muslim. The aims of the present work were to investigate whether Trichinella spp. was still circulating in wildlife of the Khuzestan Province (south-west Iran) about 30 years after the first investigation, to identify the aetiological agent at the species level by molecular analyses, and to review the literature on Trichinella spp. in animals of Iran. During the winter 2009–2010, muscle samples from 32 road-killed animals (14 dogs and 18 jackals, Canis aureus) were collected. Muscle samples were digested and Trichinella sp. larvae were isolated from two jackals. The Trichinella sp. larvae have been identified as Trichinellabritovi by molecular analyses. These results confirm that T. britovi is the prevalent species circulating in wild animals of Iran.
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome: clinical and molecular overview

Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome is characterised by mental retardation, growth retardation and a particular dysmorphology. The syndrome is rare, with a frequency of approximately one affected individual in 100 000 newborns. Mutations in two genes – CREBBP and EP300 – have been identified to cause the syndrome. These two genes show strong homology and encode histone acetyltransferases (HATs), which are transcriptional co-activators involved in many signalling pathways. Loss of HAT activity is sufficient to account for the phenomena seen in Rubinstein–Taybi patients. Although some mutations found in CREBBP are translocations, inversions and large deletions, most are point mutations or small deletions and insertions. Mutations in EP300 are comparatively rare. Extensive screening of patients has revealed mutations in CREBBP and EP300 in around 50% of cases. The cause of the syndrome in the remaining patients remains to be identified, but other genes could also be involved. Here, we describe the clinical presentation of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, review the mutation spectrum and discuss the current understanding of causative molecular mechanisms.
Team cohesion and team success in sport

The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between task cohesiveness and team success in elite teams using composite team estimates of cohesion. A secondary aim was to determine statistically the consistency (i.e. 'groupness') present in team members' perceptions of cohesion. Elite university basketball teams ( n = 18) and club soccer teams ( n = 9) were assessed for cohesiveness and winning percentages. Measures were recorded towards the end of each team's competitive season. Our results indicate that cohesiveness is a shared perception, thereby providing statistical support for the use of composite team scores. Further analyses indicated a strong relationship between cohesion and success ( r = 0.55-0.67). Further research using multi-level statistical techniques is recommended.
Islam & the West: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis

In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington's provocative and controversial thesis of a "clash of civilizations", arousing strong debate. Evidence from the 1995-2001 waves of the World Values Study provide survey evidence allowing us, for the first time, to sift the truth in this debate by comparing attitudes and values in 75 societies around the globe, including many Islamic and Western states. The results confirm the first claim in Huntington's thesis: culture does matter, and indeed matters a lot, so that religious legacies leave their distinct imprint on contemporary values. But Huntington is essentially mistaken in assuming that the core clash between the West and Islamic worlds concerns democracy, as the evidence suggests striking similarities in the political values held in these societies. It remains true that Islamic nations differ from the West on issues of religious leadership, but this is not a simple dichotomous clash, as many countries around the globe display similar attitudes to Islam. Moreover the original thesis fails to identify the primary cultural fault line between the West and Islam, concerning the social issues of gender equality and sexual liberalization. The values separating Islam and the West revolve far more centrally around Eros than Demos.
Genotype-phenotype correlations in attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli.

Germ-line mutations of the tumor suppressor APC are implicated in attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli (AAPC), a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). AAPC is recognized by the occurrence of <100 colonic adenomas and a later onset of colorectal cancer (age >40 years). The aim of this study was to assess genotype-phenotype correlations in AAPC families. By protein-truncation test (PTT) assay, the entire coding region of the APC gene was screened in affected individuals from 11 AAPC kindreds, and their phenotypic differences were examined. Five novel germ-line APC mutations were identified in seven kindreds. Mutations were located in three different regions of the APC gene: (1) at the 5' end spanning exons 4 and 5, (2) within exon 9, and (3) at the 3' distal end of the gene. Variability in the number of colorectal adenomas was most apparent in individuals with mutations in region 1, and upper-gastrointestinal manifestations were more severe in them. In individuals with mutations in either region 2 or region 3, the average number of adenomas tended to be lower than those in individuals with mutations in region 1, although age at diagnosis was similar. In all AAPC kindreds, a predominance of right-sided colorectal adenomas and rectal polyp sparing was observed. No desmoid tumors were found in these kindreds. Our data suggest that, in AAPC families, the location of the APC mutation may partially predict specific phenotypic expression. This should help in the design of tailored clinical-management protocols in this subset of FAP patients.
Advanced Tumor Stage Is an Independent Risk Factor of Postoperative Infectious Complications After Colorectal Surgery: Arguments From a Case-Matched Series

BACKGROUND: Patient and technical factors influencing postoperative infectious complications after elective colorectal resections for cancer are well described. Tumor related factors, however, have not been extensively evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the effect of tumor stage on postoperative surgical site and extra surgical site infections after elective colorectal cancer resection. DESIGN: This was a retrospective matched-cohort analysis of prospectively gathered data. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a tertiary referral center and a private hospital specializing in colorectal surgery. PATIENTS: Between 2004 and 2011, 740 consecutive patients underwent elective resection for colorectal cancer in 2 centers. Patients undergoing resection for advanced tumors (group A, ≥stage IIB, n = 177) were matched to randomly selected patients with localized disease (group L, <stage IIB, n = 354). Matching variables were age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, malnutrition, and surgical approach. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared 30-day infectious complications rates between patients with advanced (group A) and localized (group L) tumors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for infectious complications. RESULTS: Group A had a higher overall rate of IC (44.6 vs 25.4 %, p < 0.001), with a higher risk of infectious complications at both the resection site (p < 0.001) and distant to the resection site (p = 0.015). Independent risk factors for infectious complications were advanced tumors (OR = 2.70; p < 0.001), obesity (OR = 1.89; p = 0.018), malnutrition (OR = 2.22; p = 0.008), and open rather than laparoscopic procedure (OR = 5.11; p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by its retrospective methodology. CONCLUSION: Advanced tumors increase the risk of infectious complications after colorectal resection, with other risk factors including malnutrition, obesity, and resection by laparotomy. Optimization of modifiable risk factors through nutritional repletion and the choice of a minimally invasive operation should be considered.
Comparison of Protein Synthesis in Mitochondria, Synaptosomes, and Intact Brain Cells

Abstract: Qualitative aspects of protein synthesis in organelles and intact cultured cells of brain origin were compared to clarify the distinction between synaptosomal and mitochondrial protein synthesis. Brain mitochondria and synaptosomes were isolated either on a traditional Ficoll‐sucrose gradient or by a new Percoll gradient procedure, and were incubated in an amino acid incorporation system containing [35S]methionine, then electrophoresed on gradient slab gels. Autoradiography of the gels revealed that in the presence of cycloheximide both mitochondria and synaptosomes synthesized at least 17 proteins in the 6,000‐50,000 MW range, and that incubation with chloramphenicol reduced or eliminated these bands. With minor variation these patterns in the low‐molecularweight region also resembled patterns obtained from cycloheximide‐inhibited rat liver mitochondria and intact brain cells (cultured glia, glioma, and neuroblastoma). In the higher molecular weight region of the gels (>50,000) banding patterns were more complex and tended to differ between organelles and intact cells. These polypeptides probably reflect nonmitochondrial protein synthesis, and their variable response to inhibitors may account for confusion in the literature with regard to the effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis in brain mitochondria and synaptosomes.
A Marijuana Screening Inventory (Experimental Version): Description and Preliminary Psychometric Properties

Objective: Marijuana use prevalence, culturally confusing messages about marijuana risks, assessment dilemmas, and current screening inadequacies justify developing a marijuana specific screening inventory for assessment purposes. This article describes the Marijuana Screening Inventory (MSI‐X) and its preliminary psychometric reliability, factor analyses, and factor structure. Method: The MSI‐X was administered to a community sample of 420 Army reservists participating in substance abuse educational classes. Participants responded anonymously to the 39‐item MSI‐X. SPSS analyses were performed with 408 returned MSI‐Xs from a sample of 49% males and 40% females. Results: Analyses revealed 61% smoked marijuana during their lifetime. Reliability of the MSI‐X was. 89. Exploratory factor analyses of 31 scored items by principal components and varimax rotation supported a nine‐factor structure, explaining 65.8% of the variance, with all items loading ≥ . 30. Within the sample, 7.84% scored ≥ 7 suggesting “at risk” with marijuana; 6.12% scored 4 to 6 “suggestive of risk”; 20.83% scored 1 to 3 reflecting “normal or experimental” use; and 65.4% scored 0 suggesting “no problem. ” Conclusions: The reliability, variance explained, factor‐loading matrix of the nine‐factor MSI‐X structure and clinically predetermined scoring ranges appear useful for screening marijuana use patterns. Factor‐based subscales were derived from the factor‐loading matrix and described as a base for future confirmatory factor analysis. Although the MSI‐X version needs psychometric strengthening, it shows potential as a marijuana‐specific screening inventory for use in general mental health and primary care settings.
The Incidence and Topographic Distribution of Sutures Including Wormian Bones in Human Skulls

Objective:The Wormian Bones are accessory bones located within the cranial sutures and fontanelles. The present article examines the incidence of Wormian Bones and compares the number and topographic distribution between the sutures including Wormian Bones in skulls of West Anatolian Population. Methods:One hundred fifty crania were examined. The parameters evaluated in the present study were as follows: the rate of skulls including Wormian Bones; the topographic distribution and frequencies of the sutures including Wormian Bones; the number of these sutures for each skull; the name and number of sutures that were bilaterally and symmetrically located on the right and left side of skull (paired sutures) and which coincidentally had Wormian Bones for each skull; the differences of frequencies between the paired sutures including Wormian Bones. Results:The rate of skulls including Wormian Bones was determined as 59.3%. The maximum and minimum numbers of sutures, including Wormian Bones, were 6 in 1 skull and 1 in each of 30 skulls, respectively. The maximum and minimum rates of sutures that had Wormian Bones were found in left lambdoid 40.7% and right occipitomastoid 1.3% sutures, respectively. There was only a significant difference between the rate of right and left squamous sutures (P = 0.04). Forty-five skulls were including 55 pairs of bilaterally and symmetrically located sutures that coincidentally had Wormian Bones in each pair. Each of 35 skulls had 1 pair of sutures including Wormian Bones and each of 10 skulls had 2 pairs. Conclusions:In the present study, the rate of Wormian Bones was determined as 59.3% in West Anatolian Population. This incidence rate is considerably lower than the other reports, and it may be as a result of racial variations. These divergent bones were more frequently found in left lambdoid sutures (40.7%) and less frequently in right occipitomastoid sutures (1.3%). This study may guide the investigators dealing with the neurosurgery, orthopedy, radiology, anatomy, and anthropology in their practice.
Hoxa3 and Pax1 Transcription Factors Regulate the Ability of Fetal Thymic Epithelial Cells to Promote Thymocyte Development1

Thymocyte maturation into T cells depends on interactions between thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells. In this study, we show that mutations in two transcription factors, Hoxa3 and Pax1, act synergistically to cause defective thymic epithelial cell development, resulting in thymic ectopia and hypoplasia. Hoxa3+/−Pax1−/− compound mutant mice exhibited more severe thymus defects than Pax1−/− single mutants. Fetal liver adoptive transfer experiments revealed that the defect resided in radio-resistant stromal cells and not in hematopoietic cells. Compound mutants have fewer MHC class II+ epithelial cells, and the level of MHC expression detected was lower. Thymic epithelial cells in these mutants have reduced ability to promote thymocyte development, causing a specific block in thymocyte maturation at an early stage that resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of CD4+8+ thymocytes. This phenotype was accompanied by increased apoptosis of CD4+8+ thymocytes and their immediate precursors, CD44−25−(CD3−4−8−) cells. Our results identify a transcriptional regulatory pathway required for thymic epithelial cell development and define multiple roles for epithelial cell regulation of thymocyte maturation at the CD4−8− to CD4+8+ transition.
Protection of intracellular dopamine cytotoxicity by dopamine disposition and metabolism factors

Dopamine has been hypothesized as a contributing factor for the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms of dopamine and its metabolites remain poorly understood. Using a stable aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) expressing a fibroblast cell line, we previously demonstrated a novel, non‐oxidative cytotoxicity of intracellular dopamine. In this study, we further investigate the roles of dopamine metabolism and disposition proteins against intracellular dopamine cytotoxicity by co‐expressing these factors in AADC‐expressing cells. Our results indicate that overexpression of the vesicular monoamine transporter and monoamine oxidase A‐induced protection against intracellular dopamine toxicity, and conversely that pharmacological inhibition of these pathways potentiated l‐DOPA toxicity in catecholaminergic PC12 cells. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), factors that have recently been shown to be involved in dopamine metabolism, also exhibited a strong protective role against intracellular dopamine cytotoxicity. Our results support a potential role for non‐oxidative cytoplasmic dopamine toxicity, and imply that disruption in dopamine disposition and/or metabolism could underlie the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
The Relationships Between Perceived Parenting Style, Academic Self-Efficacy and College Adjustment of Freshman Engineering Students

This study examined the relationships between perceived parenting styles, academic self-efficacy, and college adjustment among a sample of 31 freshman engineering students. Through the administration of self-report surveys and chi-square analyses, strong academic self-efficacy was demonstrated in students who reported authoritative maternal parenting. These findings support previous research on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and parenting styles. Implications were drawn for parents and future research.
Simvastatin Plus Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Modulates Remote Organ Damage Following Skeletal Muscle Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to the lower extremities causes both local damage and serious dysfunction to remote organs, including lungs and kidneys. However, effective therapies are not available. This study aims to determine if simvastatin reduced the severity of remote damage following IRI. Methods: Rats were given simvastatin before hind limb IRI. Lung and kidney tissues were assessed for neutrophil infiltration using myeloperoxidase assays and basement membrane damage by quantitative immunohistochemical measurement of collagen IV. The effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on remote damage after IRI and simvastatin was assessed using the NOS inhibitor, L-NIO. Results: Simvastatin (2 mg/kg) protected kidneys against IRI-induced neutrophil infiltration. Simvastatin also inhibited the IRI-induced activation of MMP-9 in the lungs. However, paradoxically, simvastatin exacerbated IRI-induced neutrophil infiltration into the lungs. IRI induced collagen IV degradation in the lungs but not in the kidneys. The degree of collagen breakdown in the lungs was significantly ameliorated by 2 mg/kg simvastatin. NOS inhibition markedly protected both the lungs and the kidneys against IRI-induced neutrophil infiltration but did not alter collagen IV degradation. Administration of simvastatin to L-Nio-treated animals enhanced the degree of protection against IRI-induced neutrophil infiltration in the kidneys but not in the lungs. Conclusions: Simvastatin protects against remote IRI-induced damage in the lungs and kidneys, suggesting statins may reduce the severity of IRI during major vascular surgery.