Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GLOBAL MULTIREGIONAL INPUT–OUTPUT FRAMEWORKS: AN INTRODUCTION AND OUTLOOK

This review is the introduction to a special issue of Economic Systems Research on the topic of global multiregional input–output (GMRIO) tables, models, and analysis. It provides a short historical context of GMRIO development and its applications (many of which deal with environmental extensions) and presents the rationale for the major database projects presented in this special issue. Then the six papers are briefly introduced. This is followed by a concluding comparison of the characteristics of the main GMRIO databases developed thus far and an outlook of potential further developments.
Catchment export of base cations: improved mineral dissolution kinetics influence the role of water transit time

Abstract. Soil mineral weathering is one of the major sources of base cations (BC), which play a dual role in forest ecosystems: they function as plant nutrients and buffer against the acidification of catchment runoff. On a long-term basis, soil weathering rates determine the highest sustainable forest productivity that does not cause acidification. It is believed that the hydrologic residence time plays a key role in determining the weathering rates at the landscape scale. The PROFILE weathering model has been used for almost 30 years to calculate weathering rates in the rooting zone of forest soils. However, the mineral dissolution equations in PROFILE are not adapted for the saturated zone, and employing these equations at the catchment scale results in a significant overprediction of base cation release rates to surface waters. In this study, we use a revised set of PROFILE equations which, among other features, include retardation due to silica concentrations. Relationships between the water transit time (WTT) and soil water concentrations were derived for each base cation, by simulating the soil water chemistry along a one-dimensional flow path, using the mineralogy from a glacial till soil. We show how the revised PROFILE equations are able to reproduce patterns in BC and silica concentrations as well as BC ratios (Ca2+/BC, Mg2+/BC and Na+/BC) that are observed in the soil water profiles and catchment runoff. In contrast to the original set of PROFILE equations, the revised set of equations could reproduce the fact that increasing WTT led to a decreasing Na+/BC ratio and increasing Ca2+/BC and Mg2+/BC ratios. Furthermore, the total release of base cations from a hillslope was calculated using a mixing model, where water with different WTTs was mixed according to an externally modeled WTT distribution. The revised set of equations gave a 50 % lower base cation release (0.23 eq m−2 yr−1) than the original PROFILE equations and are in better agreement with mass balance calculations of weathering rates. Thus, the results from this study demonstrate that the revised mineral dissolution equations for PROFILE are a major step forward in modeling weathering rates at the catchment scale.
A comprehensive model for evaluating E-learning systems success

INTRODUCTION ducation is one of the fields that has improved rapidly as a direct result for the development of information and communications technology (ICT), and stimulated to adopt e-learning. E-learning directly resulted from the integration of education and technology and is increasingly considered a powerful medium for learning. E-learning has facilitated learning by delivering a learner-centered and interactive learning environment to anyone, anywhere, and anytime (Khan, 2005). In addition, it plays a significant role in shifting from teacher-centered to studentcentered education (Taha, 2014, p. 2). Despite e-learning’s successful implementation, a considerable number of elearning projects fail to achieve their goals, and face slow progress and increasing dropout rate (Frimpon, 2012; Liaw, 2008). In addition, evaluating the success of elearning systems is still an issue facing elearning stakeholders. A significant number of studies have focused on the issue of e-learning success. In fact, they fulfil the needs of e-learning E
Carbon-Use Efficiency of Terrestrial Ecosystems under Stress Conditions in South East Europe (MODIS, NASA)

Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE) is the ratio of net primary production (NPP) to gross primary production (GPP) and shows the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to transfer carbon from the atmosphere to biomass. The aim of this study is to examine the CUE under the stress conditions using NPP/GPP data products from the MODIS (NASA) spectroradiometer for the period 2000– 2014. The drought reduced the CUE by 10 to 20% and, as a result, the region has shifted from a carbon sink to a carbon source. The stress affects mostly forest biomes, which are the lowest effective. The most significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems productivity and CUE are five-months-lasting droughts in terms of SPEI drought index. Drought also increases the variation of CUE. The degree of CUE reduction depends not only on drought strength, but also on its duration and the time of year when it occurs (perhaps phenophase). Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of dependencies between CUE and the combination of high temperatures and water deficit conditions in terrestrial ecosystems.
Effects of Frequent Classroom Testing.

ABSTRACT The educational effects of frequent classroom testing have been studied and discussed since the early part of this century. Testing advocates have suggested that more frequent classroom testing stimulates practice and review, gives students more opportunities for feedback on their work, and has a positive influence on student study time. Reviewers of relevant research and evaluation literature, however, have expressed uncertainty about whether such benefits are actually realized in classrooms. The present review distinguishes research on frequent classroom testing from research in two related areas, research on adjunct questions and research on mastery testing, and provides results from a meta-analysis of findings on frequency of classroom testing. The meta-analysis showed that students who took at least one test during a 15-week term scored about one half of a standard deviation higher on criterion examinations than did students who took no tests. Better criterion performance was associated with.
JAXA High-Resolution Land Use/Land Cover Map for Central Vietnam in 2007 and 2017

Robust remote monitoring of land cover changes is essential for a range of studies such as climate modeling, ecosystems, and environmental protection. However, since each satellite data has its own effective features, it is difficult to obtain high accuracy land cover products derived from a single satellite’s data, perhaps because of cloud cover, suboptimal acquisition schedules, and the restriction of data accessibility. In this study, we integrated Landsat 5, 7, and 8, Sentinel-2, Advanced Land Observing Satellite Advanced Visual, and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (ALOS/AVNIR-2), ALOS Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) Mosaic, ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Mosaic, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and ancillary data, using kernel density estimation to map and analyze land use/cover change (LUCC) over Central Vietnam from 2007 to 2017. The region was classified into nine categories, i.e., water, urban, rice paddy, upland crops, grassland, orchard, forest, mangrove, and bare land by an automatic model which was trained and tested by 98,000 reference data collected from field surveys and visual interpretations. Results were the 2007 and 2017 classified maps with the same spatial resolutions of 10 m and the overall accuracies of 90.5% and 90.6%, respectively. They indicated that Central Vietnam experienced an extensive change in land cover (33 ± 18% of the total area) during the study period. Gross gains in forests (2680 km2) and water bodies (570 km2) were primarily from conversion of orchards, paddy fields, and crops. Total losses in bare land (495 km2) and paddy (485 km2) were largely to due transformation to croplands and urban & other infrastructure lands. In addition, the results demonstrated that using global land cover products for specific applications is impaired because of uncertainties and inconsistencies. These findings are essential for the development of resource management strategy and environmental studies.
Oral recombinant bovine somatotropin improves growth performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of oral recombinant bovine somatotropin (RBS) 1% on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 600 rainbow trout weighing 46±1 grams were randomly allotted in two groups including: 1) the control group and 2) RBS treated group, each in three replicates. The fish were hand-fed with commercial pellets. The fish received 200g RBS 1% per 100kg BW. The administration method of RBS-mixed feed to fish was once a week for 4 consecutive weeks, totally 8 times for 12 weeks of rearing periods. At the end of each rearing periods (on day 28, 56, 84) the means of some of growth characteristics were calculated in the control and RBS treated groups. The obtained results in this research demonstrated that there were no significant differences between appearance growth characteristics in the control and RBS treated groups on days 28 and 56 of rearing periods (p> 0.05). However, there were significant differences between means of whole body weight (p< 0.05), weight gain (p< 0.05), average daily growth (p< 0.05), total length (p< 0.001), and average daily length (p<0.05) of the control and RBS treated groups on day 84 of rearing period. In the same period, there was greater 11.2% comparative growth rate in RBS treated group than the control group. Generally, the obtained data showed that oral administration of RBS 1% can produce a significant increase in the growth rate of rainbow trout weighing 46±1 grams on day 84 of rearing period.
PATTERNS OF HUNGARIAN VOWEL PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION WITH REGARD TO SUBGLOTTAL RESONANCES

Subglottal resonances (SGRs) have been reported to divide vowels into certain contrasting natural categories: low – non-low; front – back; front unrounded nonlow – other front. This role of the subglottal resonances has been investigated for a handful of languages in the speech of adults and children. The present paper aims to consider the patterns of Hungarian vowels with regard to the SGRs in two different speaking styles (isolated nonsense words and spontaneous speech), in automatic vowel classification, and in speech perception. In one experiment, formant spaces of six speakers were analyzed to investigate the possible role of SGRs in dividing the vowel space into discrete regions corresponding to distinctive features. In a second experiment, automatic formant-based vowel classification was applied and extended with normalization based on the subglottal resonances, in order to determine whether knowledge of SGRs may improve automatic vowel classification. Finally, in a pilot experiment, the perceived backness of the vowel as a function of F2, and Sg2 is investigated in order to determine the role of Sg2 in perception of spontaneous speech.
Molecular Phylogeny of the Barwings (Aves: Timaliidae: Actinodura), a Paraphyletic Group, and Its Taxonomic Implications

The barwings (genus Actinodura Gould, 1836) are a small group of little-studied babblers defined by the presence of transverse barring on the remiges and rectrices and a crest (Gould 1836). The genus is composed of 7 recognized species: the Rusty-fronted Barwing A. egertoni, Spectacled Barwing A. ramsayi, Black-crowned Barwing A. sodangorum, Hoary-throated Barwing A. nipalensis, Streak-throated Barwing A. waldeni, Streaked Barwing A. souliei, and Taiwan Barwing A. morrisoniana (Dickinson 2003, Collar and Robson 2007). The distribution of these species ranges from southwestern China to southern Myanmar and from the Central Himalayas to western Tokin and Taiwan (Fig. 1).
Implications of Satellite Swath Width on Global Aerosol Optical Thickness Statistics

Abstract. We assess the impact of swath width on the statistics of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved by satellite, as inferred from observations made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Using collocated AERONET sun photometer observations we develop a correction to the MODIS data to account for calibration and algorithmic view angle dependency in the retrieved AOT. We sub-sample and correct the AOT data from the MODIS Aqua instrument along several candidate swaths of various widths for the years 2003–2011. We find that over ocean the global, annual mean AOT is within ± 0.01 of the full swath AOT for all of our sub-samples. Over land, however, most of our sub-samples are outside of this criterion range in the global, annual mean. Moreover, at smaller spatial and temporal scales we find wide deviation in the sub-sample AOT relative to the full swath over both land and ocean. In all, the sub-sample AOT is within ± 0.01 of the full swath value less than 25% of the time over land, and less than 50% of the time over ocean (less than 35% for all but the widest of our sub-sample swaths). These results suggest that future aerosol satellite missions having only narrow swath views may not sample the true AOT distribution sufficiently to reduce significantly the uncertainty in aerosol direct forcing of climate.
Learning and inference in phrase recognition: a filtering-ranking architecture using perceptron

En aquesta tesi desenvolupem una aproximacio basada en aprenentatge automatic per al problema general de reconeixer estructures de segments en una oracio, Aquest problema general s'instancia en diverses tasques de Processament del Llenguatge Natural, tals com Analisi Sintactica Superficial, Identificacio de Clausules, Extraccio de Noms Propis o Etiquetatge de Rols Semantics. En totes elles l'objectiu es segmentar una oracio en segments etiquetats, que formen una sequencia o una jerarquia de segments. Estudiem aquests problemes sota un formalisme general per al reconeixement d'estructures de segments. El metode combina tecniques d'aprenentatge i inferencia, i consisteix en descomposar el problema general de reconeixer una estructura complexe en un cert nombre de decisions intermedies o "locals", cadascuna de les quals reconeix una peca de l'estructura. Aquestes decisions locals es resolen amb aprenentatge supervisat, entrenant funcions que en prediuen els valors de sortida. Per a reconeixer l'estructura de segments d'una oracio, un proces d'inferencia combina els resultats de les decisons locals aplicades a diferents parts de l'oracio. En una arquitectura per reconeixer estructures, dues questions son d'especial interes: eficiencia i aprendibilitat. Descomposant el problema general en problemes d'ordre menor s'aconsegueixen les dues. D'una banda, el tipus de decisions locals que es tracten son suficientment simples com per ser apreses acuradament. D'altra banda, la representacio que s'obte al descomposar una estructura permet que els processos involucrats en el reconeixement siguin eficients. En aquest context, discutim dues opcions de modelitzacio, relatives a la granularitat en la qual es descomposa el problema: per paraules, o per segments. Les descomposicions a nivell de paraula, extensament usades en tasques d'analisi superficial, redueixen el problema general a un etiquetatge sequencial de l'
The Determiner Phrase In Igbo

Determiner phrase structures have been the subject of great interest from the point of view of government and binding. The government and binding approach have been concerned not only with establishing whether the Determiner Phrase (DP) is an appendage of the Noun Phrase (NP) or a phrase of its own, but also with the constituents of determiner phrase constructions. This paper therefore, examines the structural forms and constituents of determiner phrase in the Igbo language with a view to throwing more light on the nature, form and manifestations of Igbo determiner phrase structures. By adopting the descriptive research method, the investigation reveals that determiners in the Igbo determiner phrase system are post-posed in nature. The study also shows that French, English and other Indo-European languages have their determiners pre-posed on the noun headword in their DP system. They do not have genitives and particularisers which are present in Igbo. Furthermore, Igbo determiners can co-occur in a determiner phrase structure but this feature is not so common in most Indo-European languages.
Using APAR to Predict Aboveground Plant Productivity in Semi-Arid Rangelands: Spatial and Temporal Relationships Differ

Monitoring of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) is critical for effective management of rangeland ecosystems but is problematic due to the vast extent of rangelands globally, and the high costs of ground-based measurements. Remote sensing of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) can be used to predict ANPP, potentially offering an alternative means of quantifying ANPP at both high temporal and spatial resolution across broad spatial extents. The relationship between ANPP and APAR has often been quantified based on either spatial variation across a broad region or temporal variation at a location over time, but rarely both. Here we assess: (i) if the relationship between ANPP and APAR is consistent when evaluated across time and space; (ii) potential factors driving differences between temporal versus spatial models, and (iii) the magnitude of potential errors relating to space for time transformations in quantifying productivity. Using two complimentary ANPP datasets and remotely sensed data derived from MODIS and a Landsat/MODIS fusion data product, we find that slopes of spatial models are generally greater than slopes of temporal models. The abundance of plant species with different structural attributes, specifically the abundance of C4 shortgrasses with prostrate canopies versus taller, more productive C3 species with more vertically complex canopies, tended to vary more dramatically in space than over time. This difference in spatial versus temporal variation in these key plant functional groups appears to be the primary driver of differences in slopes among regression models. While the individual models revealed strong relationships between ANPP to APAR, the use of temporal models to predict variation in space (or vice versa) can increase error in remotely sensed predictions of ANPP.
Prevalence and awareness of Hypertension among urban and rural Adults in the Keta Municipality, Ghana

Background: Hypertension is increasingly becoming an important public health issue among adults worldwide. This study determined the prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural adults in Hohoe Municipality. Method: A population-based cross-sectional study involving 350 adults from urban 162 (46.3%) and rural 188(53.7%) settings. Face-to-face interview using pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements were done following standard procedures. Differences in means were determined using t-test.Chisquare test and logistic regression model were used to determine theassociation between independent variables and hypertension. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between blood pressure and some variables. Results: The prevalence of hypertension at the time of the survey was 89 (25.4%), with 38 (23.5%) from urban and 51 (27.1%) from rural areas(p=0.432). Uncontrolled hypertension was higher among rural adults than urban (53.2% vs. 37.2%, p=0.098). Undiagnosed hypertension was highbut similar in both urban (18.5%) and rural (18.4%) settings. Adults aged 40-49, 50-59 and 60 years and above were 3.96, 5.49 and 4.54 times more likely to have hypertension (AOR=3.96, p<0.001), (AOR=5.49, p<0.001) and (AOR=4.54, p<0.001) respectively. Those with tertiary education were 69% less likely to have hypertension (AOR= 0.31, p=0.048). Obese adults were 3.42 time more likely to have hypertension (AOR=3.42, p=0.012). Age and BMI were positively correlated with hypertension (r=0.34, p<0.001) and (r=0.28, p<0.001). Conclusion: There is increasing theprevalence of hypertensionamong rural than urban adults due to higher uncontrolled and undiagnosed hypertension among rural adults.Increasing age and obesity are the main contributing factors to hypertension. Periodic screening and creation of awareness could enhance the prevention and control of HPT among rural adults inHohoe Municipality.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PELATIHAN PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL EDUKATIF BERBASIS POTENSI LOKAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN ORANG TUA ANAK USIA DINI DI SDN SELEBUNG

Abstract : The purpose of this research is to get information objectively and to investigate effectively the Teacher Training Program (TTP) at The Islamic State College of Kudus. This research is an evaluation study employing CSE-UCLA models by Marvin C. Alkin with his five stage of evaluations (system assessment, program planning, ­program imple­­­mentation, program improvement and program certification). The object of this study is learners, tutors, infrastructure, learning activity and the products. The data were collected through observation, interview, documentation analysis, and questionnaires. A descriptive technique is used to analyze the data collected, gives interpretation of each data which are evaluated and compared with criterion of Teacher Training Program based on standardization. The result of this research referred that in system assessment stage, the program is relevant to the context. It means, that the program is based on the actual needs of the learners and have the legal foundation. At the planning program, shown that the quality of tutors is in a good enough condition by 58,4%, but the quality of learners is in a poor condition, in five criteria gave, four of it is on poor level and just one criteria who get a good enough result. Generally, the infrastructure of this program is in good condition by 83,3%. But the weakness of this program is have no a syllabus. Generally, in program implementation is in a good condition, it mean that before the program began, the administrator do the socialization of program to the learner. But the recruitment of tutors is not good enough because half of them selected by administrators without a test like others. But, It’s not happened at the recruitment of learner, because all of learners have to take a placement test before. In program improvement stage shown that the implementation of tutorials is done good enough by 58,6%, and the learning activity of learners is good enough too, by 59,1%, and the evaluation is 100% done by all of tutors. Last, in program certification stage referred that 90,4% of the learners passed. Although in program improvement and program certification shown a good enough result, but its not mean that the desire objective of TTP is met, because there is no syllabus on it. So the result is hang in doubt.