Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active parental consent for a school-based community violence screening: comparing distribution methods.

BACKGROUND Students are unable to benefit from many school programs designed to address their mental health needs if their parents do not consent to their participation. As part of an ongoing effort in a large urban school district to meet the mental health needs of students traumatized by violence exposure, this paper examines the impact of alternative approaches on parental response and consent rates for an initial screening to participate in a school mental health program. METHODS Two alternative approaches were used to obtain consent for students to participate in a school-based intervention for students exposed to violence. For one cohort, consent forms were distributed along with school information and other school forms during a parent orientation meeting. In the other cohort, school mental health clinicians visited student homerooms to distribute consent forms and explain the program and evaluation to students. RESULTS There were significantly higher rates of return of consent forms (89.8% vs 53.2%) and parents consenting to participate (69.6% vs 27.9%) among parents receiving consent forms at a school meeting than among parents whose forms were distributed to children in a classroom, with comparable rates of active refusals to participate (20.1% vs 25.3%). CONCLUSIONS Overall return rates and rates of consent for screening participation were substantially higher when the consent form and accompanying materials were provided directly to parents rather than distributed in the classroom and sent home with students. These findings have implications for efforts to obtain active consent from parents for students to participate in school mental health programs.
Successful Enrollment in Text4Baby More Likely With Higher Health Literacy

Adequate health literacy is vital for understanding and using health information. The authors assessed the health literacy of pregnant women and mothers of children under the age of 1 year and their success in self-enrolling in the Text4Baby health message program: 468 pregnant women and mothers of children under the age of 1 year completed an in-person baseline survey, including the Newest Vital Sign health literacy assessment, at 2 Metro-Atlanta Women, Infants, and Children clinics. They were asked to self-enroll in the Text4Baby message program and were later contacted by phone to see whether they had attempted to enroll in the program and whether they were successful. Of the 333 women contacted by phone to assess enrollment efforts, 21% had a high likelihood of limited literacy (a score of 0–1 on the Newest Vital Sign assessment), 48% had a chance of limited literacy (a score of 2–3), and 31% had adequate literacy (a score of 4–6). Attempting to self-enroll was not associated with health literacy (p = .70), but successful enrollment was more likely with higher literacy (p = .01). Results suggested a positive association between health literacy skills and successful self-enrollment in the Text4Baby program, which suggests the need for additional outreach efforts to assure enrollment by women with low health literacy skills.
The Dopamine Metabolite 3-Methoxytyramine Is a Neuromodulator

Dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine) is a well-known catecholamine neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions including movement control. Here we report that the major extracellular metabolite of dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), can induce behavioral effects in a dopamine-independent manner and these effects are partially mediated by the trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). Unbiased in vivo screening of putative trace amine receptor ligands for potential effects on the movement control revealed that 3-MT infused in the brain is able to induce a complex set of abnormal involuntary movements in mice acutely depleted of dopamine. In normal mice, the central administration of 3-MT caused a temporary mild hyperactivity with a concomitant set of abnormal movements. Furthermore, 3-MT induced significant ERK and CREB phosphorylation in the mouse striatum, signaling events generally related to PKA-mediated cAMP accumulation. In mice lacking TAAR1, both behavioral and signaling effects of 3-MT were partially attenuated, consistent with the ability of 3-MT to activate TAAR1 receptors and cause cAMP accumulation as well as ERK and CREB phosphorylation in cellular assays. Thus, 3-MT is not just an inactive metabolite of DA, but a novel neuromodulator that in certain situations may be involved in movement control. Further characterization of the physiological functions mediated by 3-MT may advance understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of brain disorders involving abnormal dopaminergic transmission, such as Parkinson's disease, dyskinesia and schizophrenia.
Female Earnings Inequality: The Changing Role of Family Characteristics on the Extensive and Intensive Margins

Although women make up nearly half the U.S. workforce, most studies of earnings inequality focus on men. This is at least in part because of the complexity of modeling both the decision to work (i.e., the extensive margin) and the level of earnings conditional on work (the intensive margin). In this paper we document a series of descriptive facts about female earnings inequality using data for three cohorts in the PSID. We show that inequality in annual earnings of women fell sharply between the late 1960s and the mid-1990s, with a particularly large decline in the extensive margin component. We then fit earnings-generating models that incorporate both intensive- and extensive-margin dynamics to data for the three cohorts. Our models suggest that over 80% of the decline in female earnings inequality can be attributed to a weakening of the link between family-based factors (including the number of children of different ages and the presence and incomes of partners) and the intensive and extensive margins of earnings determination.
Spontaneous Resolution of Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis in Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate the rate of spontaneous resolution of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy and to evaluate factors associated with its resolution. METHODS: A cohort of women enrolled in a large multicenter randomized bacterial vaginosis antibiotic trial (metronidazole versus placebo) that, when randomly allocated, had asymptomatic C trachomatis diagnosed by urine ligase chain reaction (from frozen archival specimens) between 160/7 and 236/7 weeks were included. The urine ligase chain reaction is a highly accurate predictor of genital tract chlamydial infection. A follow-up ligase chain reaction was performed between 240/7 and 296/7 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 1,953 women were enrolled in the original antibiotic trial; 1,547 (79%) had ligase chain reaction performed both at randomization and follow-up. Women receiving antibiotics effective against Chlamydia between randomization and follow-up or having symptomatic Chlamydia infection were excluded (26 women). Of the 140 women (9%) who were diagnosed as positive via the initial ligase chain reaction assay, 61 (44%) had spontaneous resolution of Chlamydia by the follow-up ligase chain reaction assay. Factors associated with spontaneous resolution included older age (P = .02), more than 5 weeks from randomization to follow-up (P = .02), and a greater number of lifetime sexual partners (P = .02). Using a logistic regression model, maternal age and a greater-than-5-week follow-up interval remained significant; for every 5-year increase in maternal age, the odds of a positive result on the ligase chain reaction test at follow-up decreased by 40% (odds ratio 0.6; 95% confidence interval 0.4–0.9). Race, substance abuse, parity, and treatment with metronidazole were not associated with spontaneous resolution. Gram stain score and vaginal pH at randomization and follow-up also were not associated. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asymptomatic C trachomatis in pregnancy was 9%; infection resolved spontaneously in almost half of these women. The association of older age and increasing time interval to spontaneous resolution of Chlamydia is consistent with a host immune-response mechanism. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Performance of the ATLAS liquid argon forward calorimeter in beam tests

One of two ATLAS Forward Calorimeters, consisting of three modules, one behind the other, was exposed to particle beams of known energies in order to study the detector performance with and without the presence of upstream material in the beam, and at the inner edge of the acceptance where shower energy containment is incomplete. Data were taken in the H6 beamline at CERN using electron and hadron beams with energies from 10 to 200 GeV. Results related to the intrinsic detector calibration, based on data taken with a minimal amount of material in front of the detector, have been previously published, but are updated here. This paper focuses on studies of data taken with additional upstream material in place. The effects of this additional material on the linearity and resolution of the response are presented. The response at the inner edge of the acceptance is also investigated. For all analyses, results based on a GEANT4 simulation of the beam-test setup and detector response are also presented.
Practicability of nitrogen multiple‐breath washout measurements in a pediatric cystic fibrosis outpatient setting

Although lung clearance index (LCI) is a sensitive indicator of mild cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, it is rarely measured due to lengthy protocols and the commercial unavailability of multiple‐breath washout (MBW) setups and tracer gases. We used a newly validated, commercially available nitrogen (N2) MBW setup to assess success rate, duration, and variability of LCI within a 20 min timeframe, during clinical routine. We also evaluated the relationship between LCI and other clinical markers of CF lung disease.
Alocação dos gastos públicos e crescimento econômico: um estudo em painel para os estados brasileiros

The effect of the allocation of government spending on the economy is currently a subject of interest given the fiscal budget constraints facing governments due to fiscal crises or adjustments. This paper thus seeks to study the effects of the allocation of government spending on the GDP behavior of Brazilian states from 1995 to 2011. Using a conventional FE (Fixed Effect) panel data model, this paper’s main results are as follows: (i) administration and planning, (ii) judicial, (iii) housing and (iv) social assistance spending were found to be productive, while (i) education and culture and (ii) legislative spending were found to be unproductive. In addition, some evidence has been found that the introduction of public borrowing rules by the Fiscal Responsibility Law has been beneficial to the economic growth of Brazilian states.
Long-Term Airborne DInSAR Measurements at X- and P-Bands: A Case Study on the Application of Surveying Geohazard Threats to Pipelines

Recently some experiments demonstrated that reliable DInSAR measurements can be achieved at any band and that further time-series analyses can be applied to airborne data. However, most of the airborne DInSAR results, including the time-series, published so far have focused on short-term analyses (baselines within hours or few days). This paper presents the first long-term airborne DInSAR survey at P- and X-band with temporal baselines of 1 year and 3 months. The survey was performed by the OrbiSAR system of OrbiSat under contract with Petrobras (PROTRAN), as part of a project to investigate the potential of DInSAR technique to identify, prior to structural damage, geohazards threats to the oil/gas pipelines in São Sebastião-SP, Brazil. After 1 year and 3 months, the P-band data have interferometric coherence equal or greater than 0.3 for approximately 80% of the imaged dense vegetated areas. At X-band, we achieved coherence equal or greater than 0.3 in the urban area. After removing all residual motion errors with proper up-to-date processing, we derived, for the P-band data, land movements with absolute accuracy in the order of centimeters. For X-band we derived land movement measurements with absolute accuracy in the order of millimeters. Through field work evidences, the paper analyses the causes of these centimeter to millimeter land movements, and how they are related to geodynamic processes and geohazard risks. A comparison between the DInSAR and in-loco inclinometer measurements is presented. The paper suggests some possible operational scenarios and discusses on the potential of the airborne DInSAR for geohazard risk monitoring.
Lip and Perioral Enhancement: A 12-Month Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND Juvéderm® Volbella® with Lidocaine is a hyaluronic acid filler suited for lip enhancement. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine versus non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid with lidocaine (Restylane-L®). METHODS This study randomized 280 subjects desiring lip enhancement to Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine or Restylane-L. Investigators rated outcomes using Allergan's Lip Fullness Scale (LFS), Perioral Lines Severity Scale, and Oral Commissures Severity Scale. Independent central reviewers (ICRs) assessed 3-dimensional photographs using these scales. Noninferiority of Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine to Restylane-L was based on ICR assessment of LFS responders (≥ 1-point improvement from baseline) at month 3. Subjects were evaluated up to 12 months and after repeat treatment. RESULTS Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine was noninferior to Restylane-L at 3 months. Investigator assessments showed significant improvements in lip fullness (P ≤ .03), perioral lines (P ≤ .04), and oral commissures (P ≤ .03) with Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine versus Restylane-L at months 6 to 12. There was less acute swelling and fewer severe injection site responses with Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine. Safety and effectiveness of repeat treatment with Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine was comparable to initial treatment, regardless of initial filler. CONCLUSIONS Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine is safe and effective for lip and perioral enhancement, with effectiveness lasting up to 12 months.
Industrie 4.0 and a sustainable development: a short study on the perception and expectations of experts in Germany

Trends are predicting a further 'industrial revolution' based on digitalisation. The industry has always had an influence on the sustainable development and it, therefore, seems essential to better understand and monitor the transformations in the industry from a sustainability science perspective. This short study intends to provide a starting point for research focused specifically on the environmental dimension of the triple bottom line. Based on a survey conducted among 100 participants from companies and research institutions and complemented by two semi-structured interviews, this study provides the first set of ideas and insights. Our results suggest that digitalisation has the potential to positively affect the environmental dimension of a sustainable development. However, the overall sustainability of digitalised industry has to receive more attention from researchers as well as from companies, in order to better understand and quantify this potential, and avoid a mere problem shifting as well as rebound effects.
Analysing sustainability changes in seaports: Experiences from the Gävle Port Authority

Ports are under increasing pressure to become more sustainable. Although some ports have been including sustainability into their operations, this has been mainly done from economic and environmental perspectives and technological or policy-related approaches, while there has been little research on organisational change management for sustainability. This paper analyses organisational change efforts for sustainability at the Port of Gavle, Sweden. Twenty-three face-to-face interviews were conducted with various stakeholders. The findings show that there were differences in perception of sustainability; but similarities in the drivers for and the barriers to sustainability (with some key differences between the internal and external stakeholders). This research shows that, in their journey towards becoming more sustainable, ports have to take a holistic approach encompassing the four dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, social, and time); their stakeholders (internal and external); and legislative, technological, financial, cultural/social, voluntary initiatives, and organisational change management approaches.
Inflation targeting and tax effort: Evidence from Colombia

This paper relates to the literature on the possible effect of inflation targeting on fiscal discipline in developing countries. In particular, we present empirical evidence to address this issue based on the Colombian experience. An empirical analysis to evaluate the reputation gains of the central bank on tax capacity use is made. The results indicate that an increase in the reputation of the monetary authority can lead to an increased tax effort.
Nonenzymatic Glycation at the N Terminus of Pathogenic Prion Protein in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies*

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are transmissible neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of an abnormally folded prion protein, termed PrPSc, and the development of pathological features of astrogliosis, vacuolation, neuronal cell loss, and in some cases amyloid plaques. Although considerable structural characterization of prion protein has been reported, neither the method of conversion of cellular prion protein, PrPC, into the pathogenic isoform nor the post-translational modification processes involved is known. We report that in animal and human TSEs, one or more lysines at residues 23, 24, and 27 of PrPSc are covalently modified with advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), which may be carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), one of the structural varieties of AGEs. The arginine residue at position 37 may also be modified with AGE, but not the arginine residue at position 25. This result suggests that nonenzymatic glycation is one of the post-translational modifications of PrPSc. Furthermore, immunostaining studies indicate that, at least in clinically affected hamsters, astrocytes are the first site of this glycation process.
Response to Antiretroviral Therapy among Patients Exposed to Three Classes of Antiretrovirals: Results from the Eurosida Study

There is an increasing proportion of HIV-positive patients exposed to all licensed classes of antiretrovirals, and the response to salvage regimens may be poor. Among over 8500 patients in EuroSIDA, the proportion of treated patients exposed to nucleosides, protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) increased from 0% in 1996 to 47% in 2001. Four-hundred-and-thirteen patients, who had failed virologically two highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens and experienced all three main drug classes, started a salvage regimen of at least three drugs, in which at least one new PI or NNRTI was included. Median viral load was 4.7 log copies/ml [Interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–5.2], CD4 lymphocyte count 150/mm3 (IQR 60–274/mm3) and follow-up 14 months. Of these patients, 283 (69%) subsequently experienced at least a 1 log decline in viral load and 202 (49%) achieved a viral load <500 copies/ml. Conversely, the CD4 count halved from the baseline value in 88 (21%), and 45 (11%) experienced a new AIDS-defining disease. In multivariable analyses, a 1 log viral load reduction was related to baseline viral load [relative hazard (RH) 1.27 per 1 log higher; P=0.008], a previous viral load of less than 500 copies/ml (RH 1.69; P=0.002), more recent initiation of the regimen (RH 1.36 per year more recent; P=0.02), number of new drugs in the regimen (RH 1.20 per drug; P=0.02), time since start of antiretroviral therapy (RH 0.94 per extra year; P=0.035) and time spent on HAART with viral load >1000 copies/ml (RH 0.96 per extra month; P=0.0001). Analysis of factors associated with CD4 count decline and new AIDS disease also indicated improved outcomes in more recent times and a tendency for a better response in those starting more new drugs, but no relationship with the total number of drugs. Outcomes in people starting salvage regimens appear to depend on the number of new drugs started but not on the total number of drugs being used.
Effect of heated humidified ventilation on bronchial mucus transport velocity in general anaesthesia: A randomized trial

Objective To evaluate the effects of heated humidified ventilation on mucociliary function during general anaesthesia. Methods Male patients (ASA physical status 1 or 2), scheduled for elective radical retropubic prostatectomy, were allocated to receive sevoflurane general anaesthesia with conventional or heated humidified ventilation. Bronchial mucus transport velocity was assessed via fibreoptic bronchoscope and methylene blue dye at 3h after induction of anaesthesia. Results Median (SE) bronchial mucus transport velocity was significantly higher in the heated humidified group (n = 26) than the conventional ventilation group (n = 24) (1.7 [0.3] mm/min vs 0.9 [0.1] mm/min). Conclusion Heated humidified ventilation effectively maintains mucociliary clearance of patients during sevoflurane general anaesthesia.
Leptin signalling and leptin-mediated activation of human platelets: Importance of JAK2 and the phospholipases Cγ2 and A2

Summary Leptin enhances agonist-induced platelet aggregation, and human platelets have been reported to express the leptin receptor. However, the pathways and mediators lying downstream of leptin binding to platelets remain, with few exceptions, unknown. In the present study, we sought to gain further insight into the possible role of leptin as a platelet agonist. Stimulation of platelets with leptin promoted thromboxane generation and activation of αIIbβ3, as demonstrated by PAC-1 binding. Furthermore, it increased the adhesion to immobilised fibrinogen (p<0.001) and induced cytoskeletal rearrangement of both platelets and Meg01 cells. Leptin time- and dose-dependently phosphorylated the intracellular signalling molecules JAK2 and STAT3, although the importance of STAT3 for leptin-induced platelet activation remains to be determined. Important intracellular mediators and pathways activated by leptin downstream of JAK2 were found to include phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, phospholipase Cγ2 and protein kinase C, as well as the p38 MAP kinase-phospholipase A2 axis. Accordingly, incubation with the specific inhibitors AG490, Ly294002, U73122, and SB203580 prevented leptin-mediated platelet activation. These results help delineate biologically relevant leptin signalling pathways in platelets and may improve our understanding of the mechanisms linking hyperleptinaemia to the increased thrombosis risk in human obesity.