Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vorticity-divergence semi-Lagrangian global atmospheric model SL-AV20: dynamical core

Abstract. SL-AV (semi-Lagrangian, based on the absolute vorticity equation) is a global hydrostatic atmospheric model. Its latest version, SL-AV20, provides global operational medium-range weather forecast with 20 km resolution over Russia. The lower-resolution configurations of SL-AV20 are being tested for seasonal prediction and climate modeling. The article presents the model dynamical core. Its main features are a vorticity-divergence formulation at the unstaggered grid, high-order finite-difference approximations, semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit discretization and the reduced latitude–longitude grid with variable resolution in latitude. The accuracy of SL-AV20 numerical solutions using a reduced lat–lon grid and the variable resolution in latitude is tested with two idealized test cases. Accuracy and stability of SL-AV20 in the presence of the orography forcing are tested using the mountain-induced Rossby wave test case. The results of all three tests are in good agreement with other published model solutions. It is shown that the use of the reduced grid does not significantly affect the accuracy up to the 25 % reduction in the number of grid points with respect to the regular grid. Variable resolution in latitude allows us to improve the accuracy of a solution in the region of interest.
Cannulation of arteriovenous fistulas by the buttonhole technique : a case study

Aim: To describe the case of a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing cannulation of arteriovenous fistulas by the buttonhole technique for hemodialysis treatment, and comparing it to cases submitted to the conventional technique. Method: A case study of an adult male patient carrying CKD, held in the Dialysis Center of São Gonçalo / RJ between March and May 2014, whose analysis was based on the literature. Results: We observed no complications three months after cannulation by buttonhole; the patient reported reduction in pain during the procedure; the limb with the fistula remained aesthetically intact. Discussion: Results of comparative studies of the two techniques are shown to be different, although they point to major benefits of the buttonhole technique: decreased pain, extended life of the AVF, reduction of bleeding and bruising. Conclusion: The buttonhole technique can be useful for new vascular access and hypersensitive patients. Descriptors: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Renal Dialysis; Arteriovenous Fistula; Nursing.
Integrating heterogeneity across spatial scales: interactions between Atrina zelandica and benthic macrofauna

Techniques are needed to extend the generality of detailed experimental field studies. Multi-resolution sampling designs nest fine-scale sampling within information about broad-scale processes that may affect finer-scale data. These designs are very appropriate for studies seeking to detect the effects of processes operating over a variety of scales. We tested the utility of a novel, low- intensity/cost, multi-resolution sampling design in an investigation of the relationship between the suspension-feeding pinnid bivalve Atrina zelandica and surrounding benthic macrofauna. Interac- tions were modelled at different spatial scales, and a variety of covariates were included in the search for the best statistical and most sensible ecological model. We chose our sampling sites to encompass broad-scale gradients in A. zelandica density and size, depth, sediment characteristics and hydro- dynamics. We found these gradients helped explain the relationship between A. zelandica and asso- ciated benthic macrofauna. Our results suggest that the strength of effects of A. zelandica on benthic macrofauna was dependent on 2 aspects of spatial scale: grain (the area over which A. zelandica measurements were made) and lag (the distance between where the A. zelandica and the macro- fauna were sampled). By nesting fine-scale measures of benthic macrofaunal community composition within different spatial arrangements of individual A. zelandica, we were able to determine that the maximum distance between individual A. zelandica, rather than density estimates, better explained effects of A. zelandica on benthic macrofauna. This suggests the value of integrating broad-scale surveys with localised experiments so that organism interactions can be more generally interpreted on the basis of dynamics within landscapes rather than as density-to-density comparisons.
STAPLED HEMORRHOIDECTOMY VERSUS TRADITIONAL HEMORRHOIDECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS

Aim: We aimed in this randomized clinical trial to compare the results of traditional versus stapled hemorrhoidectomy for treatment of third and fourth degree hemorrhoids. Methods: Thirty patients admitted for surgical treatment of prolapsing hemorrhoids were randomly assigned to traditional (n=15) or stapled hemorrhoidectomy (n=15). All patients received standardized preoperative and postoperative analgesic and laxative regimens. Postoperative pain measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were; operative time, use of analgesia, postoperative complications, hospital stay duration, time to first bowel motion, and return to normal activity. Results: Stapled procedure for hemorrhoids is associated with a significant improvement in postoperative pain control and with an earlier return to normal activity. Operative time and duration of hospital stay were shorter for the stapled procedure. A trend towards earlier bowel function after the stapled procedure, although not significant in this study, would be consistent with less perianal pain and spasm. Conclusion: Stapled hemorrhoidectomy is an effective treatment for third and fourth degree hemorrhoids with significant advantages for patients compared with traditional hemorrhoidectomy.
AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS OVER SOUTH AFRICA USING SATELLITE, SUN-PHOTOMETER AND LIDAR

In this study, we present the climatological picture of aerosols over South Africa using 20 years of Stratosphere Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE-II) satellite, 6–10 years of AErosol RObatic NETwork (AERONET) and ground based mobile LIDAR datasets The climatological variation of aerosol concentration indicate minimum during winter and maximum over September months. The satellite and ground based measurements are found to be in good agreement with each other. The study affirms the presence of fine and accumulation mode aerosols over industrial areas of South Africa.
Support Groups with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth in Schools

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) youth are in need of school support groups given their higher risk for mental health issues, sexual risk taking behaviors, eating disorders, substance use, victimization, and more. The current study examined the use of school support groups with GLBT youth. The researcher gathered qualitative data about GLBT school support groups from the Twin Cities metro in the state of Minnesota. Data were collected from four school social workers and one teacher, who all have experience facilitating GLBT support groups. The major themes that emerged from this study were risk factors, group effectiveness, sense of community, sense of trust, honesty, and group safety, and personal growth and confidence. Risk factors seen in students identifying as GLBT were greatly discussed in the interviews. Overall, participants felt that support groups for GLBT youth are effective, and that trust, honesty, and group safety helps a group be effective. Additionally, being part of a GLBT support group provides students with a sense of community and helps them grow emotionally, socially, and personally. Therefore, school support professionals should consider implementing GLBT support groups in their schools, and social workers around the nation should advocate for safe school laws. Future studies should strive to examine this topic more extensively with the use of a larger sample from urban and rural communities, as well as student input.
Regeneration in Chlorophytum borivilianum through Somatic Embryogenesis

Chlorophytum borivilianum, an important medicinal plant belonging to the Lilliaceae family is valued for its dried fasciculated roots, which have aphrodisiac properties and also form an important ingredient of various herbal medicines. A high frequency regeneration protocol for rapid multiplication of C. borivilianum through the induction of somatic embryos was attempted. Microshoots along with a part of the stem disc were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a low concentration range (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg l -1 ) of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone, and in combination with different concentrations of cytokinins like 6benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kn). One hundred per cent callus induction and embryogenic response was noticed at all low concentrations of 2,4-D. The number of days required for callusing (29.8), the number of embryos (67.2), the diameter of embryogenic callus (2.28 cm) was more with1.0 mg l -1 2,4-D, the average fresh (1.073 g) and dry (0.100 g) weights of callus were more when 1.0 mg l -1 2,4-D was used. The callus resulting from these treatments was friable, glossy and creamish-yellow in appearance. After 60 days of culture in induction media, 100% maturation was achieved on plain MS and on MS medium with 0.1 mg l -1 abscisic acid (ABA). Embryos derived from treatments with 2,4-D did not show 100% embryo maturation, which could, however be achieved if these were added to cytokinin-supplemented medium. Sixty two per cent of matured embryos formed shoots on media devoid of plant growth regulators but these took nine days to germinate unlike the precocious germination (5 days) demonstrated by matured embryos treated with 0.5 mg l -1 gibberellic acid (GA3). Shoot induction formed in 60% of embryos treated with 0.5 mg l -1 TDZ and 0.5 mg l -1 Kn but most shoots showed malformation during growth. Stereo and fluorescence microscopy study confirmed all the different developmental stages of embryos, including the suspensor.
Alternative means of recycling pineapple leaf residues

Introduction. One of the challenges of the Malaysian pineapple industry is to develop new techniques for managing pineapple residues. A study was carried out to investi- gate whether K-humate can be produced from these residues. Materials and methods. Pineapple leaves were air-dried, shredded and chipped. Some of the shredded leaves were incinerated at 500 °C. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was extracted by dissolving the ash obtai- ned in distilled water for 24 h at a ratio of 1:7 (ash / water) after which the sample was filte- red. After this extraction of KOH from the ashes of pineapple leaf residues, the remaining ash residues were further analyzed to assess the total and soluble K contents. Moreover, a given quantity of shredded leaf residues was mixed with chicken dung (as a source of microorga- nisms and nitrogen) and chicken feed. The mixture was composted with standard procedu- res. Humic acids were reconstituted using KOH from pineapple leaves with K from ash residues and K from composted pineapple leaves. Results and discussion. By reconstituting humic acids with KOH, a K-humate was produced with approximately 34.5% of its K readily soluble in water. A reconstitution of humic acids with K from ash residues produced a K-humate with approximately 3.34% of its K readily soluble in water. Conclusion. The K-humate produced from the reconstitution of humic acids with K from KOH can be used in fertigation programmes as a source of K while the K-humate produced through the reconsti- tution of humic acids with K from ash residues can be used as a source of K for fresh water fishes.
Detection of Insect Pathogen Serratia marcescens in Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) from Korea

【Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) is widely used in Korea, as a protein-rich, alternate, functional food with pharmacological benefits. In addition to anti-oxidant properties, the larvae of P. b. seulensis also show positive effects against hepatic disorder and diabetes; therefore, P. b. seulensis larvae are being reared on a large scale in Korea. We evaluated reared larvae of P. b. seulensis from Gyeong-gi in Korea. Using 16SrRNA PCR, electro-microscopy, and bioassay techniques, we found that the larvae harbored Spo-1, a bacterium identified as the insect pathogen Serratia marcescens. Therefore, we highlight the use of this insect as an alternate food and the need for its sanitary rearing conditions, as contamination may affect public health. 】
Gender and the rural non-farm economy in Uganda

Research on the non-farm rural economy was conducted in Uganda over the period October 2000- January 2001. Qualitative and quantitative data and information gathered from two districts, Kumi in the East and Rakai in the Central Region have been used to build on the findings of national surveys and relevant Uganda-specific literature. This paper aims to draw out and synthesise findings from the primary and secondary data sources regarding the importance of the non-farm economy differentiated by sex. Beyond simply the dissaggregation of findings, the paper aims to investigate the gender implications of differing occupational, income, ownership and opportunity patterns, with a view to highlighting relevant policy implications.
MATHEMATICIANS AND THE SELECTION TASK

Learning to think logically and present ideas in a logical fashion has always been considered a central part of becoming a mathematician. In this paper we compare the performance of three groups: mathematics undergraduates, mathematics staff and history undergraduates (representative of a ‘general population’). These groups were asked to solve Wason’s selection task, a seemingly straightforward logical problem. Given the assumption that logic plays a major role in mathematics, the results were surprising: less than a third of students and less than half of staff gave the correct answer. Moreover, mathematicians seem to make different mistakes from the most common mistake noted in the literature. The implications of these results for our understanding of mathematical thought are discussed with reference to the role of error checking.
I am green : The Role of Effort and Image on green Identity Signaling

Identity signaling is a strong motivator for human behavior. We investigate whether we can nudge people to higher goals with regard to showering time reduction if they perceive a possibility to signal their green identity. In a fictional saving campaign by a utility company people saw a postcard displaying either a trendy or a non-mainstream greenie and the amount of effort (shower time reduction) that is associated with a certain reference saving goal. They chose their individual goal on the back side. We suggest that people who aim at signaling their identity choose higher goals when energy saving is associated with a non-mainstream greenie and medium effort in order to send clear identity signals to others. Our results confirm our hypotheses. Identity signaling therefore nudges people towards higher saving goals
On a variational principle for the Nambu dynamics

A variational principle for the Nambu dynamics is analyzed. Since the equations of motion single out a distinguished two‐form rather then a one‐form, the usual construction of the action S[γ] as an integral of a one‐form along the curve γ on the extended phase space has to be modified.
Serum Interleukins (1?, 6, 8, 1 ), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-2 Receptor Levels in Patients with Severe Preeclampsia and Normotensive Pregnant Women

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the concentrations of serum interleukins (ILs) (1β, 6, 8, 10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels in patients with severe preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women. Material and Methods: The study was carried out at Dicle University University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir. One-hundred pregnant women were included in this prospective study. Pregnant women divided into two groups. Women with severe preeclampsia (n= 50) were compared with normotensive pregnant women (n= 50). Serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 and TNFα levels were analyzed by immunometric assay using Immulite 2000 analyzer (Diagnostic Product Corporation, Los Angeles). Serum interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels were analyzed by solid-phase enzymelabeled, chemiluminescent sequential immunometric assay using Immulite 2000 analyzer (Diagnostic Product Corporation, Los Angeles), Serum interleukin-2R (IL-2R) receptor levels were analyzed by chemiluminescent assay method using Immulite 2000 analyzer (Diagnostic Product Corporation, Los Angeles). The Student-t test was used for statistical analysis and a p value of < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: The mean ± SD serum levels of Interleukin-1β (pg/ml), Interleukin-6 (pg/ml), Interleukin-8 (pg/ml), Interleukin-10 (pg/ml), TNF-α (pg/ml) and IL2R (U/ml) were 30.3 ± 5.3, 16.9 ± 4.3, 5.9 ± 1.8, 3.8 ± 1.1, 6.6 ± 2.5 and 716.5 ± 20.8 respectively in preeclampsia. The mean ± SD serum levels of 1β (pg/ml), Interleukin-6 (pg/ml), Interleukin-8 (pg/ml), Interleukin-10 (pg/ml), TNF-α (pg/ml) and IL-2R (U/ml) in the normotensive pregnancy group were 9.43 ± 2.6, 9.5 ± 3.3, 12.4 ± 3.9, 2.7 ± 0.7, 4.4 ± 1.6 and 348.8 ± 35.9 respectively. The mean serum levels of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, TNF-α and IL-2R were significantly higher (p< 0.001) in women with severe preeclampsia, and the mean serum level of interleukin-10 was significantly higher in women with normotensive pregnant women (p< 0.001). Conclusions: Preeclampsia is associated with an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in favor of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TNF-α, interleukins and IL-2R receptors may contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Pricing Interest-Rate-Derivative Securities

This article shows that the one-state-variable interest-rate models of Vasicek (1977) and Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985b) can be extended so that they are consistent with both the current term structure of interest rates and either the current volatilities of all spot interest rates or the current volatilities of all forward interest rates. The extended Vasicek model is shown to be very tractable analytically. The article compares option prices obtained using the extended Vasicek model with those obtained using a number of other models. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
State dependence in work-related training participation among British employees: A comparison of different random effects probit estimators

This paper compares three different estimation approaches for the random effects dynamic panel data model, under the probit assumption on the distribution of the errors. These three approaches are attributed to Heckman (1981), Wooldridge (2005) and Orme (2001). The results are then compared with those obtained from generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators of a dynamic linear probability model, namely the Arellano and Bond (1991) and Blundell and Bond (1998) estimators. A model of work-related training participation for British employees is estimated using individual level data covering the period 1991-1997 from the British Household Panel Survey. This evaluation adds to the existing body of empirical evidence on the performance of these estimators using real data, which supplements the conclusions from simulation studies. The results suggest that for the dynamic random effects probit model the performance of no one estimator is superior to the others. GMM estimation of a dynamic LPM of training participation suggests that the random effects estimators are not sensitive to the distributional assumptions of the unobserved effect.
People living under threat of volcanic hazard in southern Iceland: vulnerability and risk perception

Abstract. Residents in the village of Vik and in the farming community of Alftaver in southern Iceland are living with the threat of volcanic hazards. The highly active subglacial volcano Katla has erupted approximately twice per century since the beginning of settlement around 874 AD. The last major eruption was in 1918 and Katla has recently entered an agitated stage. The purpose of this research was to (1) review residents' responses in relation to vulnerability, (2) examine their risk perception, preparedness and mitigation in relation to an eruption of Katla, and (3) investigate the public and the representative of the local authorities and emergency manager's knowledge of the official evacuation plan. In 2004, we conducted in-depth, face-to-face interviews with local residents using a snowball sample technique. All participants were permanent residents of the two communities, between the ages of 25–95 and most had lived in the area their entire lives. Regardless of the residents' knowledge about past volcanic activity of Katla and the associated future risk, many residents were doubtful about the imminent eruption forecast by scientists and they believed that the volcano is no longer active. In both communities, different social, cultural and economic factors played a central role in how people perceived natural hazards and how they dealt with the fact that their lives and livelihoods could be at risk. The participants had good knowledge about the existing evacuation plan and had participated in evacuation exercises. However, they had not made personal mitigation or preparedness plans in the event of a future eruption. In contrast to the residents of Vik, the inhabitants in Alftaver are concerned about the evacuation process and found it very confusing; they neither found the emergency plan nor the proposed methods for risk communication relevant for their farming community. The perception of the inhabitants, especially in Alftaver, does not correspond to those tasked with the responsibility of developing the emergency and evacuation plans. In order to ensure the safety of all concerned, better cooperation, mutual understanding and adequate communication between the scientific community, governmental and local authorities and the inhabitants is necessary.
Reserve Bank of St . Louis Working Paper Series The Cost of Business Cycles with Heterogeneous Trading Technologies YiLi

This paper investigates the welfare cost of business cycles in an economy where households have heterogeneous trading technologies. In an economy with aggregate risk, the different portfolio choices induced by heterogeneous trading technologies lead to a larger consumption inequality in equilibrium, while this source of inequality vanishes in an economy without business cycles. Put simply, the heterogeneity in trading technologies amplifies the effect of aggregate output fluctuation on consumption inequality. The welfare cost of business cycles is, therefore, larger in such an economy. In the benchmark economy with a reasonable low risk aversion rate, the business cycle costs 6.49% per period consumption for an average household when I calibrate this model to match the risk premium. The views expressed are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the Federal Reserve System, or the Board of Governors. Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, P.O. Box 442, St. Louis, MO 63166-0442, yilichien@gmail.com.