Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normal Atmosphere: Large Radical and Formaldehyde Concentrations Predicted

A steady-state model of the normal (unpolluted) surface atmosphere predicts a daytime concentration of hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and methylperoxyl radicals approaching 5 x 108molecules per cubic centimeter and a formaldehyde concentration of 5 x 1010 molecules per cubic centimeter or 2 parts per billion. A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to a carbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Balancing SET/RESET Pulse for $>\hbox{10}^{10}$  Endurance in $\hbox{HfO}_{2}\hbox{/Hf}$ 1T1R Bipolar RRAM

By tuning the SET/RESET pulse amplitude conditions, the pulse endurance of our 40-nm HfO2/Hf 1T1R resistive-random-access-memory devices demonstrates varying failure behaviors after 106 cycles. For unbalanced SET/RESET pulse amplitude conditions, both low-resistance state (LRS) and high-resistance state (HRS) failures may occur, while varying the pulsewidths influences the LRS/HRS window and the stability of the LRS/HRS states. The failure of the HRS or LRS state during cycling is ascribed to the depletion or excess of oxygen vacancies at the switching interface. Through a dc SET/RESET recovery operation, LRS/HRS states can be recovered after failure, indicating that the distribution of oxygen vacancies can be restored. By optimally balancing the SET/RESET pulse conditions, more than 1010 pulse endurance cycles is achieved.
Malolactic fermentation and secondary metabolite production by Oenoccocus oeni strains in low pH wines.

UNLABELLED Different wine varieties, including some with low pH, were studied to determine the ability to grow and produce secondary metabolites of a previously selected autochthonous Oenococcus oeni strain (C22L9), compared with a commercial strain. Monitoring of malolactic fermentation (MLF) was carried out by microbiological and chemical analysis of wines. The concentration of some major volatile compounds and biogenic amines in wines before and after malolactic fermentation was also determined. The results showed major differences in MLF duration both between wines and strains, although the differences between strains were slight for most of the analyzed compounds. Statistically significant differences in citric acid degradation were found in all wine varieties and it was confirmed that O. oeni C22L9 is a poor degrader of citric acid; this means that MLF can be prolonged without the risk of producing high concentrations of diacetyl and acetoin. Sensory analysis of wines after MLF showed similar characteristics in wines from both strains. This study thus shows that O. oeni C22L9 possesses even better sensory and fermentation properties than the commercial strain and can be used in wines with different characteristics, which makes it highly valuable for industrial use. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The increasingly use of grape varieties of low pH in winemaking and the higher alcohol content of wines, as a consequence of the climatic change, make interesting the study of the behavior during MLF of O. oeni strains in order to determine their ability to grow, when growth conditions are not optimal, and to produce secondary metabolites. A comparative study was conducted using an autochthonous O. oeni strain (C22L9) and a commercial O. oeni strain and 4 wine varieties.
Integrin targeted oncolytic adenoviruses Ad5‐D24‐RGD and Ad5‐RGD‐D24‐GMCSF for treatment of patients with advanced chemotherapy refractory solid tumors

The safety of oncolytic viruses for treatment of cancer has been shown in clinical trials while antitumor efficacy has often remained modest. As expression of the coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor may be variable in advanced tumors, we developed Ad5‐D24‐RGD, a p16/Rb pathway selective oncolytic adenovirus featuring RGD‐4C modification of the fiber. This allows viral entry through alpha‐v‐beta integrins frequently highly expressed in advanced tumors. Advanced tumors are often immunosuppressive which results in lack of tumor eradication despite abnormal epitopes being present. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) is a potent activator of immune system with established antitumor properties. To stimulate antitumor immunity and break tumor associated immunotolerance, we constructed Ad5‐RGD‐D24‐GMCSF, featuring GMCSF controlled by the adenoviral E3 promoter. Preliminary safety of Ad5‐D24‐RGD and Ad5‐RGD‐D24‐GMCSF for treatment of human cancer was established. Treatments with Ad5‐D24‐RGD (N = 9) and Ad5‐RGD‐D24‐GMCSF (N = 7) were well tolerated. Typical side effects were grade 1‐2 fatigue, fever and injection site pain. 77% (10/13) of evaluable patients showed virus in circulation for at least 2 weeks. In 3 out of 6 evaluable patients, disease previously progressing stabilized after a single treatment with Ad5‐RGD‐D24‐GMCSF. In addition, 2/3 patients had stabilization or reduction in tumor marker levels. All patients treated with Ad5‐D24‐RGD showed disease progression in radiological analysis, although 3/6 had temporary reduction or stabilization of marker levels. Induction of tumor and adenovirus specific immunity was demonstrated with ELISPOT in Ad5‐RGD‐D24‐GMCSF treated patients. RGD modified oncolytic adenoviruses with or without GMCSF seem safe for further clinical development.
Palatal Reconstruction With the Palatal Island Flap

Objectives/Hypothesis The management of palatal defects resulting from the extirpation of benign and malignant lesions uses a variety of methods, with the optimal techniques allowing maximal postoperative function with minimal morbidity. The palatal island flap is an effective, reliable technique for reconstructing postablative oral cavity defects.
Development of Complex Motor Skills in Psychotic Children

This article describes the study of the concurrent complex mechanisms which take place during behavioral changes in psychotic children and adolescents when they are asked to learn a motor task, in this case, to practise the sport of judo. Complex motor skills can be acquired by the psychotic subject insofar as the proposed physical activity is isomorphous with the psychosis. The different stages of development are marked by different levels structuring interpersonal space. The examination treats the linking processes between psychic mechanisms and motor behavior from a developmental perspective.
COEVOLUTION OF COLOR PATTERN AND THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR IN POLYMORPHIC PYGMY GRASSHOPPERS TETRIX UNDULATA

Abstract Ectothermic organisms, such as insects and reptiles, rely on external heat sources to control body temperature and possess physiological and behavioral traits that are temperature dependent. It has therefore been hypothesised that differences in body temperature resulting from phenotypic properties, such as color pattern, may translate into selection against thermally inferior phenotypes. We tested for costs and benefits of pale versus dark coloration by comparing the behaviors (i.e., basking duration and bouts) of pygmy grasshopper (Tetrix undulata) individuals exposed to experimental situations imposing a trade-off between temperature regulation and feeding. We used pairs consisting of two full-siblings of the same sex that represented different (genetically coded) color morphs but had shared identical conditions from the time of fertilization. Our results revealed significant differences in behavioral thermoregulation between dark and pale individuals in females, but not in males. Pale females spent more time feeding than dark females, regardless of whether feeding was associated with a risk of either hypothermia or overheating. In contrast, only minor differences in behavior (if any) were evident between individuals that belonged to the same color morph but had been painted black or gray to increase and decrease their heating rates. This suggests that the behavioral differences between individuals belonging to different color morphs are genetically determined, rather than simply reflecting a response to different heating rates. To test for effects of acclimation on behaviors, we used pairs of individuals that had been reared from hatchlings to adults under controlled conditions in either low or high temperature. The thermal regime experienced during rearing had little effect on behaviors during the experiments reported above, but significantly influenced the body temperatures selected in a laboratory thermal gradient. In females (but not in males) preferred body temperature also varied among individuals born to mothers belonging to different color morphs, suggesting that a genetic correlation exists between color pattern and temperature preferences. Collectively, these findings, at least in females, are consistent with the hypothesis of multiple-trait coevolution and suggest that the different color morphs represent alternative evolutionary strategies. Corresponding Editor: T. Mousseau
Implicación del AMP cíclico en la vasodilatación dependiente de endotelio y en la disfunción endotelial por hipoxia

El AMP ciclico (AMPc) es un segundo mensajero que juega un papel crucial en la regulacion de numerosos procesos y funciones en las celulas endoteliales en condiciones fisiologicas y patologicas. Entre dichas funciones cabe destacar su participacion en la regulacion del tono vascular. Aunque durante muchos anos se penso que la relajacion vascular inducida por el AMPc se producia mediante efectos directos sobre el musculo liso vascular y de forma independiente de la presencia de un capa endotelial funcional, ahora es ampliamente aceptado que el endotelio tambien participa en este proceso. Sin embargo los mecanismos que subyacen a esta accion no son aun plenamente comprendidos. Tradicionalmente, se creia que el AMPc ejercia sus efectos casi en exclusiva mediante la activacion de PKA, sin embargo, el descubrimiento en los ultimos anos de una nueva clase de proteinas implicadas en la transduccion de la senal mediada por el AMPc, las proteinas Epac, ha abierto nuevos horizontes en la investigacion en el campo del AMPc. Por otra parte, en los ultimos anos, se ha hecho evidente que la disfuncion endotelial podria estar implicada el origen de diversas patologias. En situaciones de estres hipoxico, las celulas endoteliales sufren cambios adaptativos que conducen a multiples anormalidades estructurales y funcionales que pueden contribuir aun mas a la patogenesis de varias enfermedades vasculares. Sin embargo, los mecanismos involucrados en la respuesta vascular a la hipoxia son complejos y no se conocen totalmente. Teniendo en cuenta, la gran cantidad de procesos que son regulados por el AMPc en el endotelio, una alteracion en las rutas de senalizacion de este nucleotido podria estar implicada en la disfuncion endotelial inducida por la baja tension de oxigeno. En esta Tesis Doctoral nos hemos planteado la realizacion de un estudio sobre los efectos vasorrelajantes dependientes de endotelio del AMPc. Para ello, nos hemos centrado en la implicacion de las proteinas PKA y Epac en dichos efectos y en la influencia del AMPc en la biosintesis de NO endotelial, a traves de la una posible activacion de la eNOS (por elevacion de la [Ca2+]c o por la accion de diversas proteinas cinasas). De modo complementario, hemos investigado si las condiciones de hipoxia pueden alterar los efectos del AMPc sobre la eNOS y la sintesis de NO, sobre la produccion de especies reactivas de oxigeno (EROs) y sobre la funcion de barrera endotelial. Para ello hemos llevado a cabo estudios de contractilidad en aorta aislada de rata, experimentos de senalizacion de NO, de senalizacion Ca2+ y de generacion de EROs en celula unica o en poblaciones celulares, estudios de permeabilidad vascular y determinacion de la expresion y activacion de proteinas.
On the semantics of “embedded exclamatives”*

It is sometimes assumed that there is a special exclamative semantics, in particular, that some wh clauses have an exclamative semantics even when embedded, maybe beside an interrogative semantics. In this paper I investigate what such an exclamative semantics might consist in, arguing that there are indeed different readings of wh clauses involved, but that these nuances do not concern the meaning type common to exclamatives and interrogatives: a function assigning to any world a true proposition.
Tautology as presumptive meaning

Ever since the seminal work of Paul Grice, tautologies such as Business is business have been discussed from a number of angles. While most approaches assume that tautological utterances have to do with the operation of conversational maxims, an integrated analysis is still lacking. This paper makes an attempt at analysing tautologies within the framework of Levinson (2000), who proposes a distinction between three pragmatic levels, namely Indexical Pragmatics, Gricean Pragmatics 1, and Gricean Pragmatics 2. It is shown that observations of Ward and Hirschberg (1991) on the exclusion of alternatives, the claim of Autenrieth (1997) that the second NP in nominal equatives is predicative, and the recent insights of Bulhof and Gimbel (2004) on ‘deep’ tautology, may be fruitfully integrated within Levinson’s framework. The gist of this paper is to show that tautologies are not as tautological as once thought, because implicatures influence their truth conditions. Data are drawn from the author’s corpus of authentic German examples.
Factors of gestures of robots for smooth communication with humans

Four steps of research are conducted in order to analyze a relationship between robot's actions and human's emotions who is taking a look at an acting robot. First, 138 physical properties of robot's movements are measured by using a simple humanoid robot with upper half of the body with three degrees of freedom (DOF) in each arm and three DOF in head. Second, from the 138 physical properties, ten typical physical properties are selected by use of hierarchical cluster analysis. Third, sensory evaluation is conducted to extract three emotional factors by use of factor analysis. Finally, the relationship between three emotional factors and ten typical physical properties are analyzed by use of multi regression analysis. By conducting those steps, a model is made explaining the relationship between the physical properties of gesture and the human's emotions. This model is expected to be used to generate gestures that can give rise to desired emotions of humans.
Systemic therapy in retroperitoneal sarcoma management

There is paucity of randomized controlled data on the role of systemic therapy in retroperitoneal sarcomas. The type of systemic therapy used is guided by the histological subtype. The majority of retroperitoneal sarcomas comprising liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas are by and large chemotherapy insensitive. There is an urgent need for more efficacious systemic therapies in the management of early and advanced stage retroperitoneal sarcomas.
HPV Involvement in Head and Neck Cancers: Comprehensive Assessment of Biomarkers in 3680 Patients.

BACKGROUND We conducted a large international study to estimate fractions of head and neck cancers (HNCs) attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV-AFs) using six HPV-related biomarkers of viral detection, transcription, and cellular transformation. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cancer tissues of the oral cavity (OC), pharynx, and larynx were collected from pathology archives in 29 countries. All samples were subject to histopathological evaluation, DNA quality control, and HPV-DNA detection. Samples containing HPV-DNA were further subject to HPV E6*I mRNA detection and to p16(INK4a), pRb, p53, and Cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry. Final estimates of HPV-AFs were based on HPV-DNA, HPV E6*I mRNA, and/or p16(INK4a) results. RESULTS A total of 3680 samples yielded valid results: 1374 pharyngeal, 1264 OC, and 1042 laryngeal cancers. HPV-AF estimates based on positivity for HPV-DNA, and for either HPV E6*I mRNA or p16(INK4a), were 22.4%, 4.4%, and 3.5% for cancers of the oropharynx, OC, and larynx, respectively, and 18.5%, 3.0%, and 1.5% when requiring simultaneous positivity for all three markers. HPV16 was largely the most common type. Estimates of HPV-AF in the oropharynx were highest in South America, Central and Eastern Europe, and Northern Europe, and lowest in Southern Europe. Women showed higher HPV-AFs than men for cancers of the oropharynx in Europe and for the larynx in Central-South America. CONCLUSIONS HPV contribution to HNCs is substantial but highly heterogeneous by cancer site, region, and sex. This study, the largest exploring HPV attribution in HNCs, confirms the important role of HPVs in oropharyngeal cancer and drastically downplays the previously reported involvement of HPVs in the other HNCs.
Statistical genetics and evolution

Introduction. When Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, practically nothing was known of hereditary differences beyond their existence. Since 1900, a body of knowledge on the mechanism of heredity and on mutation has been built up by experiment that challenges any field in the biological sciences in the extent and precision of its results. The implications for evolution are not, however, immediately obvious. I t is necessary to work out the statistical consequences. Studies in the field of statistical genetics began shortly after the rediscovery of Mendelian heredity in 1900. Those of J. B. S. Haldane [7] and R. A. Fisher [4] have been especially important with respect to the application to evolution. My own approach to the subject came through experimental studies conducted in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry on the effects of inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection on populations of guinea pigs [21, 22, 23, 37] and through the attempt to formulate principles applicable to livestock breeding [19, 20, 24, 25, 13, 34]. On moving into the more academic atmosphere of the University of Chicago, I have become more directly concerned with the problem of evolution. I should note that the deductive approach, to which I shall confine myself here, involves many questions that can only be settled by observation and experimental work on natural populations and that a remarkable resurgence of interest in such work is in progress [2, 9] .
INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

Purpose: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide has been advocated to treat exudative diabetic macular edema. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Methods: This study was a retrospective, interventional, clinical case series examining 210 eyes of 174 patients who received an intravitreal injection of 1 or 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. Inclusion criteria were clinically significant macular edema, visual acuity loss, and leakage shown by fluorescein angiography. Main outcome measures were visual acuity and intraocular pressure. Mean follow-up time ± SD was 6.6 ± 3.1 months. Results: In the study group, visual acuity improved significantly (P < 0.001) from a median of 20/200 (mean logMAR, 0.92) at baseline to 20/80 (mean logMAR, 0.82) at 6 months. Mean intraocular pressure ± SD increased from 15.4 ± 3.4 mmHg (median, 16 mmHg; range, 6–26 mmHg) to a maximal value of 20.4 ± 6.2 mmHg (median, 19 mmHg; range, 12–51 mmHg) during the follow-up period. Complications included culture-negative sterile endophthalmitis in six cases and cataract extraction in five eyes. Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of 1 to 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide may benefit patients by improving visual acuity in eyes with clinically significant diabetic macular edema. This study did not provide significant evidence to justify its routine use in clinical practice for all patients with diabetic macular edema. A randomized clinical trial on this issue would provide more conclusive evidence and help identify those patients most likely to benefit from intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.
Three endothelial nitric oxide (NOS3) gene polymorphisms in hypertensive and normotensive individuals: meta-analysis of 53 studies reveals evidence of publication bias

Background Studies on the relationship between endothelial nitric oxide (NOS3) gene variants and hypertension have been conflicting. To explore this hypothesis further, we performed a meta-analysis and re-evaluated the relationship between the three most widely studied NOS3 polymorphisms and hypertension status and blood pressure levels. Methods Data on 40 413 subjects from 53 studies were combined in five distinct meta-analyses, and heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. Results Heterogeneity was observed in all meta-analyses. By a random-effects model, carriers of the four 27-basepair repeat variable number of tandem repeats in intron 4 were associated with a 28% increase in the risk of hypertension compared with those homozygous for the 5 repeat: odds ratio (OR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.47, P = 0.001. In Asian individuals, Asp allele carriers displayed a similar association: OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.06–1.54, P = 0.01, as well as a 2 mmHg increase in both systolic (P = 0.04) and diastolic (P = 0.009) blood pressure levels. Furthermore, meta-regression analysis indicated that the effect of the Glu298Asp genotype on the risk of hypertension might be dependent on total cholesterol status. No effect of the T-786C variant on hypertension was detected. There was evidence that such findings might be a result of selectively reporting/publishing positive reports. Conclusion Our results suggest that current data on the relationship between NOS3 variants and hypertension are subject not only to important heterogeneity but also to publication bias. Future research should preferentially focus on gene–environment interactions as well as haplotype analyses.
Hydroxyurea: effects on Chinese hamster cells grown in culture.

Hydroxyurea has both inhibitory and cytotoxic action on Chinese hamster cells grown in vitro . During short exposures, the lethal action is selective for cells in DNA synthesis (S cells) only. The inhibitory effect prevents incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA while RNA and protein synthesis continue essentially without modification, at least until near the end of the cycle. S cells, destined to die, fail to divide after exposure to hydroxyurea, but resynthesize DNA after the drug is removed, enlarge to 3–4 times the normal volume during the next 20–30 hr, and then lyse. Cells at stages of the cell cycle, other than S, progress normally until the time DNA synthesis should have begun. A condition of unbalanced growth then ensues, which cells tolerate quite well for some hours, and from which they recover when relieved. They cannot remain viable in this condition indefinitely, however, and die after being inhibited for about 8–10 hr (i.e., about the time the next division should have occurred). The lethal and inhibitory actions of the drug make it a useful synchronizing agent in asynchronous populations, even though the length of the S period may be slightly reduced thereafter. Furthermore, although inhibited cells are more sensitive to X-rays in the presence of the drug, they recover normal X-ray responses within a short time after the drug is removed.