Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dentists’ knowledge and practice about emergency management of dental trauma

Introduction : Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are not uncommon but there is a notableinadequacyregarding dentists’ readiness to manage these injuries. Proper immediate management of TDIs increases the long-term prognosis of traumatized teeth and depends extremely on dentists’ knowledge. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and self-reported practice of dentists regarding management of TDIs. Materials and Methods : The participants of this cross-sectional study were dentists in annual congress of Iranian Dental Association. A valid and reliable questionnaire consisting demographic information, the working experience regarding TDIs, knowledge, and self-reported practice towards emergency management of TDIs was distributed among 260 dentists. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and linear regression model by SPSS 24 software. Results : 220 dentists participated in the study among them 180 respondents completely fulfilled the questionnaire (completeness rate= 81%). The mean age was 34.6±9.3 years. Among the participants, 43.3% were male and 56.7% were female. The most of respondents (37.8%) reported working experience for less than five cases of TDIs. Average score of knowledge and self-reported practices were 3.94±1.64 (out of 11) and 8.48±1.74 (out of 13), respectively. Linear regression model which evaluated the effect of confounding factors showed that female dentists and whom had more experiences on managing TDIs cases had higher knowledge score. Furthermore, working experience on managing TDIs cases led to the increase in self-reported practice score. Conclusion : Knowledge of dentists in the field of emergency management of TDIs is undesirableand it indicates the need for more comprehensive educational efforts. Keywords : Dental injuries, Dentists, Knowledge, Professional practice.
Movement of individually marked Aedes albopictus females in Nagasaki, Japan.

Sequential movement of Aedes albopictus was observed by the release of individually marked females in Nagasaki, Japan. Three cohorts of laboratory females were individually marked and released for 3 successive days from a point in an isolated, small, grassy and scrub area in May, 1990. Human bait collection was made at 10 fixed collection points for 15 days, and collected females were checked for the mark. The marked females were released again from the point of recapture. Unmarked females collected were individually marked and released from the point where they were collected. From the repeated recapture data, sequential movements of females among 10 collection points were recorded and analyzed. Some points characterized by accumulation and/or frequent exchange of females were distinguished through the analysis. The spatial variation in the number of biting females among 10 collection points was partly explained by repeated movementsamongcollection points.
COMPARING THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONCENTRATION ON BIO- HYDROGEN PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF FOOD WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES UNDER MESOPHILIC THERMOPHILIC CONDITIONS

The effect of three total solid (TS) concentrations of 7.5, 10 and 12.5% on bio-hydrogen production potential of food waste (FW) in comparison with noodle waste (NW) and rice waste (RW) derived from FW were studied after co-digesting the wastes with heat shocked sludge under mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions. The increase in TS concentration from 7.5% to 10% found an effective way to improve cumulative bio-hydrogen production from all tested wastes. As a whole, 7.5% TS concentration represented higher conversion efficiency of volatile solids into bio-hydrogen and the highest experimental yield of 95.8mL/VSfed was observed in 7.5%NW digester under thermophilic conditions. The increase in temperature within experimental range found an effective way to increase bio-hydrogen production potential of FW and NW only, whereas the same increase in temperature caused negative impact on bio-hydrogen production potential of RW. The optimum time period for active bio-hydrogen production found to be 24-72h of incubation. After 72h of incubation, the bio-hydrogen production reduced considerably in all reactors due to an abrupt increase in volatile fatty acid, and due to inhibition of bio-hydrogen production the drop in pH was also decreased.
Immune responses of pigs inoculated with a recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing ORF2/ORF1 of PCV2 and P1 2A of FMDV

A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV-ORF2ORF1-P12A) containing the open reading frame ORF2)/ORF1 DNAs of the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) (strain, Inner Mongolia) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid polypeptide of O/NY00 was evaluated for its abilities to induce humoral and cellular responses in piglets. In addition, we examined its abilities to protect cell cultures against a homologous virus challenge. To approach the feasibility of different united ways of immunization, the recombinant fowlpox virus rFPV-ORF2ORF1-P12A and the recombinant DNA plasmid pVAX1-IL18-ORF2ORF1 were used to immunize the pigs in “prime-boost”programme. We observed that priming the pigs with DNA plasmid pVAX1-IL18-ORF2-ORF1, followed by boosting with the recombinant virus rFPV-ORF2ORF1- P12A produced partially cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Control groups were inoculated with wild-type fowlpox virus (wtFPV) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS). All animals vaccinated with rFPVORF2ORF1- P12A developed specific anti-PCV2/anti-FMDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies and also showed T lymphocyte proliferation response. The antibody level produced by PCV2 was lower than that of O type FMDV to 1:20 and 1:200 respectively. We examined specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) production in pigs serum and T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 double positive T cells) in the peripheral blood. First inoculating pVAX1-IL18- ORF2ORF1 and then rFPV-ORF2ORF1-P12A, had considerably higher CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes subgroups compared with the control groups. Whether the ratio between effective cells and target cells was 50:1 or 25:1, the specific CTL of experimental groups had much more significant differences with the control (FPV), even still the group of priming nucleic acid vaccine boosting recombinant virus had the bravest cytotoxicity of specific CTL. Moreover, the E/T ratio of 50:1 was more excellent. Following infection respectively with a mixture of a pathogenic strain of PCV2 (strain, Inner Mongolia)/FMDV (O/NY00) and neutralizing antibody, PK15 cells (BHK21) inoculated with recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) showed less (P < 0.05) yellow-green fluorescence and cytopathogenesis, suggesting the establishment of partial protection against PCV2/FMDV infection. The results show that the immunization programme here, in which pVAX1-IL18-ORF2ORF1 DNA vaccine was inoculated firstly and rFPV-ORF2ORF1-P12A was followed, is viable and indicates the potential use of a fowlpox virusbased recombinant vaccine for the control and prevention of PCV2/FMDV infections. Key words: PCV2, rFPV, FMDV, immune response, prime-boost.
Women on ice - gender equalization

In the last decades the women started to do sports which were originally masculine (Pfister, 1990). The parity led to the slow transformation of the old-school thinking about the traditional roles of sexes (Hall, 1996). The main questions of our investigation were whether the athletes’ thought of the figure skating and the ice hockey are different according to their sport or to the existing stereotypes in the Hungarian sport society. We used semi-structured interviews to gather opinions of two different gender type icy sports’ top women athletes (figure skating and ice hockey) to see their viewpoints about the gender equalization. We can verify Metheny (1965) findings, that the social acceptance or refusal of women in sports on the basis of traditional features is changing slightly. Research questions were: Are there differences in the childhood sport socialization processes of the representatives of the two sports? What was the motivation behind their choice of sports? Are there differences in the gender identities of female athletes? What is the athletes’ opinion on one another and the representatives of the other sport? Method was semi-structured in-depth interviews and the samples were the members of the Hungarian women ice hockey and figure skating national team. According to our results family and siblings were decisive in the childhood socialization process. Early age patterns do not seem to have much influence on the selection of sport. Although among water polo/ice hockey girls there were a few tomboys. Among the ice hockey team members there were girlish girls and boyish girls as well, but among the figure skaters there were no one who was boyish. No differences can be observed in their views on gender roles concerning for example employment or housework.
Is the Exchange Rate a Shock Absorber or a Source of Shocks? New Empirical Evidence

This paper analyses the role of the real exchange rate in a structural vector autoregression framework for the United Kingdom, Euro area, Japan, and Canada vis-a´-vis the United States. A new identification strategy is proposed building on sign restrictions. The results are compared to the benchmark conventional approach of Clarida and Gali (1994) based on longrun zero restrictions. Although the restrictions are derived from the same theoretical model, the results are strikingly different. In contrast to the benchmark model, an important role for nominal shocks in explaining real exchange rate fluctuations is found. Hence, the exchange rate can rather be considered as a source of shocks instead of a shock absorber.
Dynamics of Human Pressures on the Mont Péko National Park (West-Côte d'Ivoire)

The Mont Peko national Park (MPNP) located to the West of Cote d'Ivoire underwent severe human pressure related to a succession of political and military crises from 2002 to 2011. Since 2013, the Ivoirians government is engaged in a process of rehabilitation of this park. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of human pressures from 1996 to 2018, in order to allow the manager of the park to better focus their awareness and protection activities. To achieve this, the RAPPAM method of WWF international was adopted for the collection of data. The study identified 10 types of pressures of which farm is the most severe followed by pressure on land, logging, bush fires, the establishment of settlements, poaching and pollution. The intensity of pressures on the MPNP doesn’t significantly vary depending on the areas, but this varies according to the socio-political gradient in time. The pressures have evolved gradually from 2002 to 2011 before beginning to decline progressively until 2018. Currently, except for uncontrolled bush fires, all pressures declined significantly, or even disappear for some. The existence of a variety of pressures on the MPNP to disturbing proportions is therefore related in part to the lack of monitoring during the crises. The anthropization of the MPNP found the springs of its acceleration in the existence of an armed gang who have organized, systematic exploitation of the resources.
Sovereign Risk and the Pricing of Corporate Credit Default Swaps

Based on an empirical analysis of European corporations, we investigate the impact of sovereign risk on the pricing of corporate credit risk. In our paper, we show that sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) are positively correlated with corresponding corporate CDS spreads and are a significant factor for corporate CDS pricing models. We also find that this impact in-creases throughout the sovereign debt crisis in 2010-2011 and is more distinctive for Euro-zone countries that were more exposed to the sovereign debt crisis than others. We further observe that this effect is particularly pronounced for corporations with a high dependency on their domestic market.
POLARIZED LINE FORMATION IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA. II. A FAST METHOD TO SOLVE PROBLEMS WITH PARTIAL FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION

In the previous paper of this series, we presented a formulation of the polarized radiative transfer equation for resonance scattering with partial frequency redistribution (PRD) in multi-dimensional media for a two-level atom model with unpolarized ground level, using the irreducible spherical tensors for polarimetry. We also presented a polarized approximate lambda iteration method to solve this equation using the Jacobi iteration scheme. The formal solution used was based on a simple finite volume technique. In this paper, we develop a faster and more efficient method which uses the projection techniques applied to the radiative transfer equation (the Stabilized Preconditioned Bi-Conjugate Gradient method). We now use a more accurate formal solver, namely the well-known two-dimensional (2D) short characteristics method. Using the numerical method developed in Paper I, we can consider only simpler cases of finite 2D slabs due to computational limitations. Using the method developed in this paper, we could compute PRD solutions in 2D media in the more difficult context of semi-infinite 2D slabs also. We present several solutions which may serve as benchmarks in future studies in this area.
Floral Development of Three Maesa Species, with Special Emphasis on the Position of the Genus within Primulales

Floral development of three Maesa Forssk. species, M. argentea Wall. , M. japonica(Thunb.) Moritzi ex Zoll. and M. perlarius(Lour.) Merr. , was studied with a scanning electron microscope. The distinctive floral features of the genus, such as presence of two persistent bracteoles, perigynous flowers and many-seeded fruits, have been used to discuss the systematic position of the genus within Primulales. In addition, the development of common stamen-petal primordia, the number, arrangement and position of ovules and the shape of the anthers provide evidence in favour of placing Maesa in a separate family, Maesaceae, as suggested by Anderberg and Stahl (Canadian Journal of Botany, 73: 1699–1730, 1995).
The Influence of Spokes-Characters on Consumer Patronage Intention

This study used structural equation modeling to examine the affective transfer of three attitudinal consumer constructs, which are the attitude toward spokes-characters, the attitude toward spokes-character theme stores, brand retailer attitude, and the influence of these attitudes on spokes-character theme and brand retailer patronage intention. The results showed that attitudes toward spokes-characters and brand retailers influenced consumer attitude toward spokes-character theme stores. Furthermore, consumers' relative familiarity with the spokes-character and the brand retailer moderated the relationship between spokes-character attitude and brand retailer attitude. The spokes-character theme attitude mediated the influence of the attitude toward the spokes-character on the intention of spokes-character theme patronage, whereas the spokes-character attitude was found to influence the intention of brand retailer patronage through brand retailer attitude.
Multi-label classification of a real-world image dataset

Deep neural networks have shown increasing performance in image classification recent years. However, most of the methods developed in research are created, trained and compared on standard, general image collections. While some of such datasets contain realistic pictures with multiple objects and interaction between them, the selection of pictures and categories is broad and designed for the training of automatic classification systems. Therefore, questions remain on how modern image classification approaches can be applied to real-world datasets. What challenges can arise in the implementation of systems based on such datasets and how can they be solved? What level of classification performance can be expected? This study looks into these questions and gives insights on building such classification systems for real-world image collections. The Norwegian News Agency provided the author with a unique labeled dataset of one million images for the purpose of this research. The study consists of a trial and main experiment. The goal of the trial experiments was to learn necessary tools, test classification system implementation, training and testing pipelines as well as different architectural design choices. These set of experiments were performed on a subset of the original image collection with a limited number of categories. Insights from these experiments were further used to perform model training on a much broader set of manually selected categories. Two network architectures were employed and compared in the research: CaffeNet and GoogleNet. Results from the study suggest a big potential of using pre-trained convolutional neural networks in solving the task of multi-label image classification on a real-world dataset. However, the study also highlights a number of challenges connected with developing such system in a realistic environment, including: • A unique set of categories which requires either to train a new model or to reuse a pre-trained neural network with adjustments in the architecture to solve classification problems. • Difficulties in category tree transformation connected with the decision of which categories include, exclude and merge. • Categories which are unsuitable for automatic training purposes including contextual, abstract and ambiguous labels. • Contextual images which can not be classified only by visual features and require additional information.
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED TOXIC COMPONENTS IN THE EXHAUST GASES OF A CI ENGINE SUPPLIED WITH WATER-FUEL EMULSION

This study looks at the impact on selected toxic exhaust gas components in a compression ignition engine supplied with diesel-fuel emulsion. During the empirical research, a turbocharged PERKINS 1104C-E44T diesel engine was supplied with water-fuel emulsion where water content in the mixture was 15% by volume and diesel fuel. The tests were performed with load characteristics at two speeds of the engine crankshaft at maximum torque speed of 1,400 rev/min and maximum engine power speed of 2,200 rev/min. At each operating point of the engine concentrations of toxic exhaust gases we recorded carbon monoxide CO, hydrocarbons HC, nitrogen oxides NOx, and particulate matter PM. On the basis of results and calculations, specifi c emissions of toxic substances in accordance with ISO 8178 were
University of Birmingham Corporate governance in Islamic banks: new insights for dual board structure and agency relationships

We investigate the influence of the dual board structure on the financial performance of Islamic banks. The paper also investigates the unique agency relationships using a sample of 90 Islamic banks across 13 countries over the period 2006-2014. We find that the larger the Shari’ah Supervisory Board (SSB) the better the financial performance and this result reinforces the fundamental role of the SSB to certify permissible financial instruments and products. We also find evidence of the scope of operation hypothesis with respect to both the board of directors and the SSB as Islamic banks are characterised by a higher degree of complex operations. Interestingly, we find that a larger SSB size may result in lower agency costs and that the greater the size of the unrestricted contracts, the higher the agency costs. This implies that unrestricted profit-sharing contracts are one of the main sources of the unique agency relationships in Islamic banks. The paper has a number of policy implications for regulators including the design of governance mechanisms in Islamic banks and the dynamics of unrestricted contracts.
Evaluation the Correlation between Age, Gender,and the Incidence of Cervical Lesions

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the number of cases of the cervical lesion in relation to age and gender among patient in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) dental clinic. A secondary purpose was to identify the type of dental restorative materials used according to the type of teeth and type of cervical lesions and to identify the most common dental material that has been used in USIM dental clinic. Materials and Methods: This is retrospective study where 1447 patients’ folders from USIM dental clinic were collected to identify teeth that had cervical restorations. From the number, 123 folders were identified with cervical restorations. From the data, 263 teeth were noted with cervical restorations. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0. Result: It is found that age is strongly associated with cervical lesion (P < 0.001) while gender and type of tooth have no significant difference. It is also found that the type of material used has no association with the type of lesions. The most type of material used in USIM’s dental clinic is glass ionomer cement (GIC) which has been used 10.2% for carious cervical lesion (CCL) and 44.7% for non-CCL. Total percentage of GIC is 54.9% as compared with the other restorative materials. Conclusion: It is concluded that the age factor has a strong influence toward the cervical lesion.
Impact of Corporate Governance Quality on the Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from Palestinian Firms

The Study examines the Impact of Corporate Governance Quality on the cost of equity capital of Palestinian listed firms over the period of (2010-2016) Corporate Governance Quality measured by examining the extent of compliance with corporate Governance " best Practices , cost of equity calculated using the capital asset pricing model "CAPM" approach . A total of 19 listed companies were investigated to analyze the relationship between the two variables for the period "2010-2016"Using regression technique, this study finds that corporate governance quality has a reducing effect on cost of equity capital. Keywords : Corporate governance quality, cost of capital, cost of equity , Palestine Exchange.
Extending the model of cognitive estimation with spatial abilities

In everyday life we have to rely on cognitive estimation as exact knowledge is often lacking. The aim of our study was to examine if spatial abilities like mental rotation and visuoconstruction have substantial associations with cog nitive estimation so that current models of cognitive estimation might have to be extended. We examined a healthy representative German sample (n=50) with measures of cognitive estimation, mental rotation, visuoconstruction, and long-term memory. A confirmatory factor analytic model on variable level and cluster analysis on individual level revealed associations between spatial abilities and cognitive estimation which were not described previously in clinically oriented studies. Demographic characteristics like age, gender, and education should also be further examined in cognitive estimation. Contemporary models of working memory are not able to explain spatial manipulations that are necessary for cognitive estimation.