Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE STABILITY OF THE SOLUTIONS OF CERTAIN FIFTH ORDER NON-AUTONOMOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

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Contextualizing Risk and Protection: Perceptions of Bedouin Mothers From Unrecognized Villages in the Naqab

This qualitative study utilizes ecological theory, a context-informed perspective, and an interactive model to study minority children, while considering structural factors, oppression, segregation, power dynamics, and awareness of the political context. It examines perceptions of risk and protection using “snowball” sampling of 33 Bedouin mothers, citizens of Israel, from the unrecognized villages (UVs) in the Naqab in Southern Israel. Data were collected via in-depth, semistructured interviews during 2011 to 2013. The interviews were thematically analyzed and then arranged according to the 5 contextual levels of the ecological systems theory. The findings demonstrate a wide range of risks to child development including immediate physical environment, lack of supervision, child characteristics, relationships in the child’s life, difficult life conditions, sociopolitical risks, and risks related to the entry of technology. Despite these numerous risk factors, Bedouin families cope by trying to prevent risks, utilizing the mothers’ constant investment in their children, family and tribal support, spirituality and religious beliefs, the positive use of technology, formal education, and cultural identity. Our findings suggest that marginalization and political discrimination affect child development on different contextual levels. Moreover, the findings highlight the need to include parental voices in discourse on risk and protection and the contribution of a context-informed perspective that includes awareness of historical and political effects.
Measurements of a 150 to 1700 MHz low loss Eleven feed for the 42 m radio telescope at Green Bank

We present measured results for a dual polarized 150 to 1700 MHz Eleven feed for use in the 42 m radio telescope in Green Bank. The feed is manufactured from a 3 mm thick aluminium plate and located inside a steel container with a soft radome over its opening. The feed provides dual polarization and more than a decade bandwidth. The aperture efficiency in a primary feed reflector system is better than -2.25 dB over the entire band, and the input reflection coefficient is better than -7.0 dB. The losses have been computed and measured and are lower than the measurement accuracy of -0.5 dB over the entire band. The coupling between the two polarizations is lower than -29 dB across the entire band. The results agree well with computed values
HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ANIMAL CELLS INDUCED BY GOLD MICROHEATERS

In this work we describe a new way to investigate the effect of heating on the synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSP) in mammalian cells by using gold microheaters in liquid chamber. We have successfully fabricated and thermally calibrated gold microheaters on which we could grow a monolayer of mammalian cells and heat-shock only a few of them by controlling temperature distribution over the device. Besides a better understanding of hyperthermia related biological processes, this work may open new routes to investigate the expression and the pathway of heat shock proteins.
What reduction in BMI SDS is required in obese adolescents to improve body composition and cardiometabolic health?

Objective To study the impact of body mass index (BMI) SD score (SDS) improvement through lifestyle modification on metabolic risk and body composition over 12 months. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Hospital outpatient weight management clinic in the UK. Patients 88 adolescents (40 males, 86% Caucasian) of median age 12.4 years (range 9.1–17.4) and mean (SD) BMI SDS 3.23 (0.49). Main outcome measures BMI at baseline and 12 months was adjusted for age and gender providing BMI SDS using British 1990 growth reference data. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) examined glucose metabolism. Fasting lipid profiles, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Results Reducing BMI SDS by ≥0.5 achieved significant improvements in important measures of body composition with mean waist circumference SDS reducing by 0.74 units and body fat SDS by 0.60 units, while also leading to significant reductions in key metabolic risk factors (triglycerides (−30%), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (−15%), HsCRP (−45%)). A lesser reduction of ≥0.25 improved insulin sensitivity, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio and BP. The greater the BMI SDS reduction, the better the improvement seen in insulin sensitivity. The most insulinsensitive individuals at baseline were most likely to achieve BMI SDS changes of ≥0.5 regardless of baseline BMI SDS. Conclusions Improvement in body composition and cardiometabolic risk can be seen with BMI SDS reductions of ≥0.25 in obese adolescents, while greater benefits accrue from losing at least 0.5 BMI SDS. The most insulin-sensitive individuals seem best able to effect these changes.
Biochemical studies on the effect of Terminalia chebula on the levels of glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats

Summary This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Terminalia chebula fruit extract on the levels of plasma and tissue glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats. Oral administration of T. chebula fruit extract at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight for 30 days significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, urea, and creatinine as well as fucose, hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid in the diabetic rats treated with the fruit extract. The observed decrease in the levels of plasma insulin and C-peptide in the diabetic rats was elevated to near normal by T. chebula fruit extract treatment. Histological observations made on the pancreatic tissue of control and experimental groups also revealed the beneficial effect of T. chebula fruit extract. The efficacy of the fruit extract was comparable with glibenclamide, a known hypoglycaemic drug.
Essential role of calcium in vascular endothelial growth factor A‐induced signaling: mechanism of the antiangiogenic effect of carboxyamidotriazole

Vascular endothelial growth factor‐α (VEGF‐A) plays a major role in tumor angiogenesis and raises the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i). Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI), an inhibitor of calcium influx and of angiogenesis, is under investigation as a tumoristatic agent. We studied the effect of CAI and the role of [Ca2+]i in VEGF‐α signaling in human endothelial cells. VEGF‐α induced a biphasic [Ca2+]i signal. VEGF‐α increased the level of intracellular inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3), which suggests that VEGF‐A releases Ca2+ from IP3‐sensitive stores and induces store‐operated calcium influx. Reduction of either extracellular or intracellular free Ca2+ inhibited VEGF‐A‐induced proliferation. CAI inhibited IP3 formation, both phases of the calcium signal, nitric oxide (NO) release, and proliferation induced by VEGF‐A. CAI prevented neither activation of VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) (KDR/Flk‐1), phospholipase C‐γ, or mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) nor translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We conclude that calcium signaling is necessary for VEGF‐A‐induced proliferation. MAP kinase activation occurs independently of [Ca2+]i but is not sufficient to induce proliferation in the absence of calcium signaling. Inhibition of the VEGF‐Ainduced [Ca2+]i signal and proliferation by CAI can be explained by inhibition of IP3 formation and may contribute to the antiangiogenic action of CAI. Calcium‐dependent NO formation may represent a link between calcium signaling and proliferation.
AIS Electronic

With more and more employees in organizations being digital natives, a workforce emerges, which is familiar with the adoption of new and innovative technology in its private life. Applying the negative cybernetic feedback loop model as our research model, we argue that the knowledge and experience with private alternative system raises the bar for organizational systems. To this end, we address the following question in our study: How is user satisfaction with an incumbent system affected by the introduction of a more appealing alternative? To answer this question, we conducted an online experiment with a representative sample of 292 participants. We show that user satisfaction with an incumbent system is lower when users are familiar with a more appealing system.
Setting Standards for Teaching Evaluation Data: An Application of the Contrasting Groups Method

Background: Teaching evaluations are widely used in retention and remediation decisions. Typically evaluations are reviewed in a global manner and some gestalt is reached. Purpose. Apply the Contrasting Groups standard setting methodology to faculty teaching dossiers, to examine resulting “pass-rates” and precision of the decisions. Methods: Ten faculty judges set standards for teaching dossiers using a Contrasting Groups approach. Blinded dossiers summarizing clinical (N = 47) and classroom teaching (N = 37) were sorted into piles labeled Unsatisfactory, Satisfactory, Excellent, and Superior. Cut-points were the midpoints between aggregated judge-level mean performances of dossiers placed within adjacent levels. Results: For the total faculty, the percentage assigned to groups labeled Unsatisfactory through Superior, were 4.1%, 5.9%, 26.1%, and 63.9% and 6.6%, 24.8%, 44.1%, and 24.5% for clinical and classroom teaching respectively. Standard error of measurement was between . 20 and . 25 with 5 to 7 judges. Conclusions: Standard setting methods applied to faculty evaluation data produce precise results. Future work can examine standard stability and acceptability, and methods to combine across teaching venues.
Lectin and proteoglycan histochemistry of Merkel cell carcinomas

Abstract: Changes in carbohydrate residue expression and in proteoglycan distribution occur during different stages of tumor development and progression. However, few data concerning carbohydrate residue analysis as performed by lectin histochemistry and proteoglycan distribution of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare malignant tumor of the skin, have been reported. Hence, lectin‐ and proteoglycan immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin wax material of 9 cases of Merkel cell carcinomas characterized by cytokeratin and neurofilament immunohistochemistry. The lectin binding pattern of tumor cells varied between lectins with different sugar binding specificities, while within a given nominal sugar specificity intensities were remarkably similar between tumors from different patients. The most intensive reaction was observed using Con A (mannose/glucose‐specific) followed by LCA with the same specificity and the N‐Acetyl glucosamine‐specific lectins (WGA, UDA, CMA), while no fucose binding sites were detected (UEA‐I). In addition, N‐Acetyl galactosamine residues were only occasionally detected. The lectin binding pattern of Merkel cell carcinoma cells indicated that predominantly N‐linked glycans and not O‐linked glycans, typical for mucins of most epithelia, were present. Hence these tumor cells were relatively undifferentiated and resembled stem cells more closely than differentiated epithelia. The tumor stroma was especially evaluated in this study and showed a lectin reaction, which was intermediate between the tumor cells and extra‐tumoral stroma. For example, the reactions of N‐Acetyl galactosamine‐specific lectins were intensive in the extra‐tumoral stroma but nearly negative in tumor cells, while the lectin reaction of the intra‐tumoral stroma was similar to the cellular reaction. These results indicated an influence of tumor cells on the stromal constituents. Antibodies against chondroitin type glycosaminoglycans reacted with the tumor stroma and the pericellular substance around the tumor cells most intensely in – and around the major tumor septae which, in general, were well vascularized. The most intensive immunoreactivity was detected using the chondroitin‐6‐sulfate antibody. The cellular and membrane‐associated reaction for heparan sulfate was less intensive in comparison to epidermal cells. In conclusion the pattern of lectin‐binding sites, the high chondroitin(sulfate) specific reactivity and the relatively low intensity of heparan sulfate immunohistochemistry indicate a low degree of differentiation and high malignity of the tumors, which is consistent with the clinical behavior of Merkel cell carcinomas.
Nucleotide Requirements for Activated RNA Polymerase II Open Complex Formation in Vitro(*)

The role of nucleotides in activated RNA polymerase II transcription was studied. Permanganate footprinting confirmed that there is a strict nucleotide requirement for forming open promoter complexes that cannot be overcome by the addition of a dinucleotide primer corresponding to the start site sequence. However, higher concentrations of other nucleoside triphosphates can substitute for ATP in catalyzing open complex formation. Opening catalyzed by these nucleotides is inhibited by the ATP analogue adenosine 5′-O-(thiotriphosphate), suggesting that they may function through cross-binding to the ATP site. The K for ATP for opening and the involvement of other nucleotides in opening differs from the characteristics reported for TFIIH helicase and C-terminal domain kinase activities. This raises the possibility that opening does not involve these activities. The results alleviate very significantly the considerable current uncertainty concerning the role of ATP in the mammalian mRNA transcription initiation pathway.
Parasympathetic Effects on Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise

Background Exercise and its recovery period are associated with increased risk of death relative to sedentary periods. They are also accompanied by dynamic changes in autonomic tone. Little information is available regarding parasympathetic effects during high-intensity exercise and recovery. Methods Ten normal subjects (five women; age 33 ± 2 years) underwent exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer. On day 1, subjects exercised to maximum tolerated workload using a graded protocol with 5 minutes at maximal workload (peak heart rate achieved 174.7 ± 5.4 bpm). On day 2, subjects performed the identical exercise protocol as on day 1; 1 minute into the maximum exercise stage, atropine (0.04 mg/kg) was administered. Heart rate was recorded every minute during exercise, and an electrocardiogram was recorded every minute in recovery for 10 minutes. The parasympathetic effect on heart rate was defined by the difference in heart rate with and without atropine. Results The parasympathetic effect during maximal exercise was 3.4 to 6 bpm (p < .05). During recovery, a large parasympathetic effect on heart rate was noted by 1 minute (22.8 bpm; p < .0002), increased until 4 minutes, and then remained stable until 10 minutes. Despite faster heart rates with parasympathetic blockade, the P-R interval was shorter (p < .002), consistent with a significant parasympathetic effect on the atrioventricular node in recovery. Evaluation of the Q-T-R-R relationship on the 2 days demonstrated significant changes in both the slope (p < .0001) and the intercept (p < .0001), consistent with a modification of ventricular repolarization by parasympathetic tone in recovery. Conclusion These data indicate that in normal subjects, parasympathetic effects persist during high-intensity exercise and are prominent in the early phases of recovery. These parasympathetic effects may play an important role in prevention of sudden cardiac death during these periods of increased risk.
Enabling Technologies for Cell-Based Clinical Translation Concise Review : Bridging the Gap : Novel Neuroregenerative andNeuroprotective Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in devastating lifelong disability for patients and their families. The initial mechanical trauma is followedby adamaging secondary injury cascade involvingproapoptotic signaling, ischemia, and inflammatory cell infiltration.Ongoing cellular necrosis releasesATP,DNA, glutamate, and free radicals to create a cytotoxicpostinjurymilieu. Long-term regenerationof lost or injurednetworks is further impeded by cystic cavitation and the formation of an inhibitory glial-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycanscar. In thisarticle,wediscuss importantneuroprotective interventionscurrentlyapplied inclinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. We then explore exciting translational therapies on the horizon, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. Finally, we summarize the key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. Throughout, we emphasize the need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem and discuss relevant studies at the forefront of translation. We conclude by providing our perspectives on the future direction of SCI research. STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016;5:1–11
Determining the Factors of Affecting the Moodle Use by Using TAM. The Story of a University after a Destructive Earthquake

2011 yilinin Ekim ayinda Turkiye’nin dogusunda bulunan bir ilde yikici bir deprem yasandi ve sehirde buyuk hasarlar meydana geldi. Şehirde yurutulen tum egitim faaliyetleri depremden olumsuz bir sekilde etkilendi ve bu olumsuzluklardan oturu universitede de egitime ara verildi. Egitime devam etmek, agir hava kosullari ve meydana gelen buyuk hasarlar yuzunden neredeyse imkânsiz hale geldi. Bu problemin ustesinden gelmek ve ogretime devam edilebilmek icin universite yoneticileri tarafindan 2011-2012 guz yariyili icin egitimin uzaktan yapilmasina olanak taniyan Moodle kullanilmasi kararlastirildi. Tip ve Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi disinda, tum ogretim elemanlari ve ogrencilerin derslerin devami icin Moodle kullanmasi zorunlu tutuldu. Bu nedenle, bu calismanin amaci deprem sonrasi ders yonetim sistemi olarak universite ogrencileri tarafindan kullanilan Moodle’un kullanimini etkileyebilecek faktorleri Teknoloji Kabul Modeli cercevesinde arastirmaktir.Verilerin analizinde temel betimsel istatistikler ve onerilen modeli test etmek amaciyla yapisal esitlik modellemesi kullanilmistir Onerilen modelde yedi faktor ve bu faktorler arasindaki iliskilerden uretilen dokuz hipotez bulunmaktadir. Bir hipotez disinda, modelde test edilen tum hipotezler desteklenmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar isiginda tartismalar ve oneriler yapilacaktir.
Premature mortality in the United States: the roles of geographic area, socioeconomic status, household type, and availability of medical care.

OBJECTIVES This study examined premature mortality by county in the United States and assessed its association with metro/urban/rural geographic location, socioeconomic status, household type, and availability of medical care. METHODS Age-adjusted years of potential life lost before 75 years of age were calculated and mapped by county. Predictors of premature mortality were determined by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Premature mortality was greatest in rural counties in the Southeast and Southwest. In a model predicting 55% of variation across counties, community structure factors explained more than availability of medical care. The proportions of female-headed households and Black populations were the strongest predictors, followed by variables measuring low education, American Indian population, and chronic unemployment. Greater availability of generalist physicians predicted fewer years of life lost in metropolitan counties but more in rural counties. CONCLUSIONS Community structure factors statistically explain much of the variation in premature mortality. The degree to which premature mortality is predicted by percentage of female-headed households is important for policy-making and delivery of medical care. The relationships described argue strongly for broadening the biomedical model.
Relying on procedural memory to enhance independence in daily living activities: Smartphone use in a case of semantic dementia

Relying on procedural memory is a promising approach for interventions that address the cognitive difficulties found in semantic dementia. The aim of this study was to determine if procedural memory could be used to optimise learning of relevant smartphone functions in MH, a 55-year-old man with semantic dementia. The impact of learning to use specific smartphone applications, which display concepts and their semantic characteristics, on relearning useful significant concepts, was also explored in MH. This patient, who showed no deficits in procedural learning on a serial reaction time paradigm, was able to learn manipulations related to 15 smartphone functions although, because of his deficit in word comprehension, he generally needed verbal cues to clarify which functions he was asked to perform. Six months after the end of the intervention, he was still using 8 of the 15 functions regularly. However, repeated exposure to concepts through the use of two applications did not improve naming or retrieval of semantic attributes. This study showed the potential of relying on procedural memory to optimise learning of new technologies in the ecological rehabilitation of semantic dementia.
Functional mobility performance in an elderly population with lumbar spinal stenosis.

OBJECTIVES To compare the functional mobility (FM) of elderly apparently healthy (AH) subjects and patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the FM tests. DESIGN Using the test-retest paradigm, FM performance was assessed in AH subjects. A single FM assessment was conducted on a group of LSS subjects. Between-group performance comparisons were made with the AH subjects and the LSS patients. SETTING Orthopedic clinical practice (LSS subjects) and university laboratory (AH subjects). PARTICIPANTS Fifty-seven patients seen in an orthopedic clinical practice for LSS and 96 AH subjects who were volunteers identified from among participants of The Lifelong Learning Society at Florida Atlantic University. INTERVENTIONS Treadmill walk (TW) test (at 53.6 m/min, 1% increase in grade per min) until 70% of the predicted maximum heart rate was achieved or associated pain made participation uncomfortable. Three trials each of a sit-to-stand (SS, rise from chair as quickly as possible without using arms) and a weight-carrying (WC, walk 20 m as quickly as possible for time carrying 10% of the body weight evenly distributed in hand-held weights) test. The AH group repeated all tests on a separate day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to walk treadmill, stand from sitting position, walk 20 meters, and analysis of variance between groups. RESULTS Significant between-group differences were found for the TW, SS, and WC tests. Test-retest r values of . 839 for the TW, . 848 for the SS, and . 833 for the WC were observed. CONCLUSIONS The AH group demonstrated greater FM than the LSS group. The performance disparity between groups may suggest context validity, while the AH groups test-retest stability reflects reliability.