Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WorldView-2 Data for Hierarchical Object-Based Urban Land Cover Classification in Kigali: Integrating Rule-Based Approach with Urban Density and Greenness Indices

The emergence of high-resolution satellite data, such as WorldView-2, has opened the opportunity for urban land cover mapping at fine resolution. However, it is not straightforward to map detailed urban land cover and to detect urban deprived areas, such as informal settlements, in complex urban environments based merely on high-resolution spectral features. Thus, approaches integrating hierarchical segmentation and rule-based classification strategies can play a crucial role in producing high quality urban land cover maps. This study aims to evaluate the potential of WorldView-2 high-resolution multispectral and panchromatic imagery for detailed urban land cover classification in Kigali, Rwanda, a complex urban area characterized by a subtropical highland climate. A multi-stage object-based classification was performed using support vector machines (SVM) and a rule-based approach to derive 12 land cover classes with the input of WorldView-2 spectral bands, spectral indices, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture measures and a digital terrain model (DTM). In the initial classification, confusion existed among the informal settlements, the high- and low-density built-up areas, as well as between the upland and lowland agriculture. To improve the classification accuracy, a framework based on a geometric ruleset and two newly defined indices (urban density and greenness density indices) were developed. The novel framework resulted in an overall classification accuracy at 85.36% with a kappa coefficient at 0.82. The confusion between high- and low-density built-up areas significantly decreased, while informal settlements were successfully extracted with the producer and user’s accuracies at 77% and 90% respectively. It was revealed that the integration of an object-based SVM classification of WorldView-2 feature sets and DTM with the geometric ruleset and urban density and greenness indices resulted in better class separability, thus higher classification accuracies in complex urban environments.
Generation of Submesoscale Frontal Eddies in the Agulhas Current

Copyright: 2019, Brill. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file contains the abstract of the full-text item. For access to the full-text item, please consult the publisher's website. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019JC015229
The inference-making of elementary emergent multilinguals: Access and opportunities for learning

Inference-making is integral to reading comprehension, defined as information ‘retrieved or generated during reading to fill in information left implicit in a text’. However, there are few studies regarding the inferencing of young emergent multilinguals that account for multilingualism and culture, attend to the learning processes influenced by classroom instruction and interaction, and utilize qualitative methods to explore the multifaceted process of inferencing. This study explores classroom instances in which two second-grade emergent multilinguals encountered difficulties with inference-making, specifically when their first language or background knowledge was not accessed to support inference-making. Framing their difficulties as missed opportunities for learning, this study considers first language integration and multilingual pedagogies as ways to enrich learning. Findings revealed that inference-making was highly contextual, differing from text-to-text. Learners were able to infer in many instances, but difficulties arose when learners desired to articulate their inferences with specific words. Additionally, students encountered difficulties with the content language and background knowledge necessary to access an expository text. Implications of this study include supporting inference-making with students’ first language and culturally sustaining pedagogies in order to provide meaningful opportunities to engage in higher-order thinking surrounding texts.
D-Band and G-Band High-Performance GaN Power Amplifier MMICs

In this article, we present a set of gallium nitride (GaN) power amplifiers (PAs) that provide state-of-the-art performance within the D-band (110–170 GHz) and G-band (140–220 GHz) frequencies. A four-stage cascode PA operates with more than 25 dB of small-signal gain over a 107–148-GHz band. At 120 GHz, it can deliver up to 26.4 dBm of output power and up to 16.5% of power-added efficiency (PAE) with more than 26 dB of gain at saturation. The combination of these parameters is among the best reported with a solid-state technology at such high frequencies. The two G-band circuits are able to provide up to 40 GHz of 3-dB bandwidth and gain exceeding 10 dB up to 190 GHz. The measured peak output power is 15.8 dBm at 181 GHz in 0.6-dB gain compression with a corresponding PAE of 2.4%. To the best of our knowledge, these amplifiers show the highest gain above 170 GHz and the highest output power above 150 GHz among any reported GaN-based MMICs.
PERAN PRODUCT QUALITY, INFORMATION QUALITY DENGAN MEDIASI TRUST TERHADAP REPURCHASE INTENTION PADA MITRA UMKM GO-FOOD DI SURAKARTA

This study aims to examine the factors that may affect repurchase intention for Go food product. Two variables suspected to affect the repurchase intention are product quality and information quality with trust as mediation. The design of this study is survery method with a population of go jek user in Solo, with sample size of 100 respondents, the sampling methods purposive sampling a questionnaire with 12 indicators questions. Test results validity, reliability and classic assumption test support for continuing research. Path analysis get the result that variable product quality not significantly affect trust and repurchase intention, but variable information quality can affect positively and significantly related to trust and the dependent variable repurchase intention. To examine variable trust can be mediator variable product quality to repurchase intention, evidence by sobel test and get the result that variable trust significantly as mediator variable.
Women’s involvement in decision-making before caesarean section and its influence on their satisfaction with procedure in a tertiary health institution Edo State - Nigeria

Caesarean section (CS) could cause considerable physical, psychological, financial and emotional stress. Hence, patients’ involvement in the decision to have a CS and satisfaction with the procedure are important in the care of women requiring CS. The aim of this study was to assess women’s involvement in decisionmaking before CS and its influence on their satisfaction with the procedure. The study was carried out in tertiary health institution, Edo State, Nigeria among women who have had CS. The objectives of the study were to determine if women are involved in the decision making for CS, identify the factors affecting women’s decision and assess the satisfaction of women with the procedure of CS. A descriptive crosssectional study was utilized. A convenience sample of 215 respondents was studied. The data were collected with the use of a semi structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Scientific Package for Scientific Solution (SPSS). Chi-square was used to test the hypothesis on the association between involvement in decision-making and satisfaction with CS.The result of the study showed that 56.3% of respondents were in the age group of 21-30 years. Over 88% of the respondents were told that they were going to have a CS while 84.2% consented to the procedure. Only 36.2% directly signed the consent forms. There was a statistically significant association between involvement in decision-making and satisfaction with CS (p = 0.000). It was concluded that health care providers should continue to provide adequate information on CS to women who have indication for it so as to enhance their involvement in the decision-making process.
Accounting for Reliability in Unacknowledged Time-Constrained WSNs

Wireless sensor networks typically consist of nodes that collect and transmit data periodically. In this context, we are concerned with unacknowledged communication, such as where data packets are not confirmed upon successful reception. This allows reducing traffic on the communication channel—neither acknowledgments nor retransmissions are sent—and results in less overhead and less energy consumption, which are meaningful goals in the era of the Internet of Things. However, packets can be lost, and hence we do not know how long it takes to convey data from one node to another, which hinders any form of real-time operation and/or quality of service. To overcome this problem, we propose a medium access control protocol, which consists of transmitting each packet at a random instant but within a specified time interval from the last transmission. In contrast to existing approaches from the literature, the proposed medium access control can be configured to meet reliability requirements—given by the probability that at least one data packet reaches its destination within a specified deadline—in the absence of acknowledgments. We illustrate this and other benefits of the proposed approach based on detailed OMNeT++ simulations.
Do All Cases of Diagnosed Carcinoma Cervix Need HIV Screening

Background: This observational study was aimed to determine the frequency of existence of sero-positivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women of age between 25 to 75 years with invasive cervical carcinoma and to decide whether HIV testing should be included as part of the initial routine work-up of cervical cancer patients. Methods: Histologically proven 120 cases of invasive carcinoma cervix, who came for treatment between 2009-2013, in the department of radiotherapy, after counselling gave consent were investigated for HIV by immunochromatography based rapid test. Results: Out of 120 patients investigated, reports revealed that only two patients (1.67%) were HIV seropositive. Both of these patients were already HIV seropositive and on gynaecological screening were found to have malignancy of cervix. No patient of diagnosed carcinoma cervix was found seropositive for HIV. Most patients (106/120) were above 40 years of age, from rural background (92/120) and housewives (80/120). Only 15% (18/120) were smokers. 95.8% (115/120) were of stage II and III. None presented with metastasis. Most common pathology was moderately differentiated carcinoma, in 76 patients (63.3%). Conclusion: Screening for HIV, as part of the initial work up for cervical cancer is not necessary in countries with limited resources and low HIV prevalence.
The Investigation of the Group-Therapeutically Effect on the Selection Theory to Reduce the Students’ Examination Anxiety

ABSTRACT The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of group therapy following the selection theory on the examination anxiety of second-grade high-school girl students of Tabriz city. The method of the investigation was quasi-experimental, with pre-test and post-test designs involving one control group. The population included all second-grade high-school students in Tabriz in the 2014-2015 academic years. Using the non-random sampling method, 24 students were selected and divided into two groups-experimental and control-with 12 members each. Data were collected using the Spielberg’s Examination Anxiety Questionnaire. The questionnaire was used as a pre-test and post-test for the groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-session group-therapy intervention following the selection theory. But the control group faced no intervention. The results showed that group therapy following the selection approach was significantly effective in decreasing the exam anxiety of the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.001). This treatment was also effective in decreasing excitement and worry about the exams.
Ionization and Attachment Coefficients in C4F7N Gas Measured by the Steady-State Townsend Method

The normalized Townsend first ionization coefficient α/N and normalized attachment coefficient η/N in pure C4F7N were measured by using the steady-state Townsend (SST) method for a range of reduced electric fields E/N from 750 to 1150 Td at room temperature (20 °C). Meanwhile, the effective ionization coefficients are obtained. All SST experimental results show good agreement with pulsed Townsend (PT) experiment results. Comparisons of the critical electric fields of C4F7N with SF6 and other alternative gases such as c-C4F8 and CF3I indicate that C4F7N has a better insulation performance with a much higher normalized critical electric field at 959.19 Td.
Doubly sparse regression incorporating graphical structure among predictors

Recent research has demonstrated that information learned from building a graphical model on the predictor set of a regularized linear regression model can be leveraged to improve prediction of a continuous outcome. In this article, we present a new model that encourages sparsity at both the level of the regression coefficients and the level of individual contributions in a decomposed representation. This model provides parameter estimates with a finite sample error bound and exhibits robustness to errors in the input graph structure. Through a simulation study and the analysis of two real data sets, we demonstrate that our model provides a predictive benefit when compared to previously proposed models. Furthermore, it is a highly flexible model that provides a unified framework for the fitting of many commonly used regularized regression models. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 729–747; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE, BODY COMPOSITION AND VERTICAL JUMP SCORE IN BOXERS AND SWIMMERS

Background. Vertical jump test (VJT) is used in some sport disciplines to evaluate an individual’s lower extremity power. However, VJT data is unavailable in young Indian boxers and swimmers. Objective. The given study was aimed to evaluate the VJT, anthropometric profile and body composition in young male Indian swimmers and boxers and compare the data with sedentary control group. The study also explored the relationship of VJT with anthropometric parameters and different components of body composition in the studied groups. Methods . Male boxers (n=40), swimmers (n=40) and sedentary subjects (n=40) with similar socio-economic background with age ranging between 21 and 25 years were sampled for the study from Kolkata, India. Body composition was determined by skinfold measurements and VJT was evaluated by Sargent Jump Test. Results. One way ANOVA shows significant (p<0.001) difference in body mass, %fat, total body fat (TF), lean body mass (LBM) and VJT score in boxers, swimmers and sedentary groups. Significant positive correlation of LBM with VJT score was associated with a greater jumping height in swimmers. On the other hand, VJT had significant negative (p<0.05) correlation with sum of all the skinfolds, individual skinfold and total fat in both athlete group as well as in the sedentary group. Conclusion. Significant intergroup difference was found in the studied parameters. VJT scores obtained in all the groups were well comparable. Higher value of body %fat imposed the unfavourable effect towards achieving higher jumping height mainly in sedentary group. KEY WORDS: VJT, boxers, swimmers, %fat, LBM.
Marginal Component Analysis of ECG Signals for Beat-to-Beat Detection of Ventricular Late Potentials

Heart condition diagnosis based on electrocardiogram signal analysis is the basic method used in prevention of cardiovascular diseases, which are recognized as the leading cause of death globally. To anticipate the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia, the detection of Ventricular Late Potentials (VLPs) is clinically worthwhile. VLPs are low-amplitude and high-frequency signals appearing at the end part of QRS complexes in the electrocardiogram, which can be considered as a robust feature for arrhythmia risk stratification in patients with cardiac diseases. This paper proposes a beat-to-beat VLP detection method based on the the marginal component analysis and investigates its performance taking into account different ratios between QRS and VLP power. After a denoising phase, performed adopting the singular vector decomposition technique, heartbeats characterized by VLP onsets are identified and extracted taking into account the vector magnitude of each high resolution ECG (HR-ECG) record. To evaluate the proposed method performance, a 15-lead HR-ECG database consisting of real VLP-negative and simulated VLP-positive patterns was used. The achieved results highlight the method validity for VLP detection.
Content of trace elements in selected permafrost-affected soils of Yamal region with different functional load

1 Saint-Petersburg State University, Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg, Russia Manuscript received 23. November 2017; accepted 15. October 2018 Abstract: Soils are an important component of polar ecosystems and play a key role in their functioning. They have a significant role in processes of accumulation, mobilization, redistribution of chemical, and especially, trace elements in landscapes and ecosystems. Both anthropogenic factors and climate change may affect biogeochemistry of soils in permafrost-affected landscapes, which are considered as highly sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic forcing. Involvement of additional portions of trace elements into the soils due to permafrost degradation and thawing is considered as one the main risk factors for natural environments in polar regions. Therefore, trace elements contents in soils of urban areas (Kharsaim, Aksarka, Salekhard, Harp and Labytnangi) and natural environments of the Yamal region (Ust’Uribey and Beliy island) were investigated. Soil samples from Kharp settlement show the highest content for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, connected with existing galvanizing plant “Kongor-chrome”. The highest values for Pb occur in soil samples from Aksarka and Labytnangi key plots. Soil samples from Kharsaim and Kharp key plots are characterized by the highest median values for Zn. Analysis of trace elements content show poorly manifested eluvial-illuvial differentiation of soil profiles of natural soils. The highest content for most of the studied trace elements has been revealed in topsoil horizons. Trace elements content in soil samples collected from urban environments ranged significantly high due to differences in the functional zones of the sites and a predominant anthropogenic source of trace elements additions. The results of statistical analysis show that statistically significant differences in Ni and Cu content in soils appear only between Kharp settlement and each of natural sites Ust’-Uribey and Beliy Island. Almost all studied urban soils reveal significant differences in Pb, Zn, As, and Fe contents between natural sites.
A multi-level model on automated vehicle acceptance (MAVA): a review-based study

Abstract Automated vehicle acceptance (AVA) is a necessary condition for the realisation of higher-level objectives such as improvements in road safety, reductions in traffic congestion and environmental pollution. On the basis of a systematic literature review of 124 empirical studies, the present study proposes MAVA, a multi-level model to predict AVA. It incorporates a process-oriented view on AVA, considering acceptance as the result of a four-stage decision-making process that ranges from the exposure of the individual to automated vehicles (AVs) in Stage 1, the formation of favourable or unfavourable attitudes towards AVs in Stage 2, making the decision to adopt or reject AVs in Stage 3, to the implementation of AVs into practice in Stage 4. MAVA incorporates 28 acceptance factors that represent seven main acceptance classes. The acceptance factors are located at two levels, i.e., micro and meso. Factors at the micro-level constitute individual difference factors (i.e., socio-demographics, personality and travel behaviour). The meso-level captures the exposure of individuals to AVs, instrumental domain-specific, symbolic-affective and moral-normative factors of AVA. The literature review revealed that 6% of the studies investigated the exposure of individuals to AVs (i.e., knowledge and experience). 22% of the studies investigated domain-specific factors (i.e., performance and effort expectancy, safety, facilitating conditions, and service and vehicle characteristics), 4% symbolic-affective factors (i.e., hedonic motivation and social influence), and 12% moral-normative factors (i.e., perceived benefits and risks). Factors related to a person’s socio-demographic profile, travel behaviour and personality were investigated by 28%, 15% and 14% of the studies, respectively. We recommend that future studies empirically verify MAVA using longitudinal or experimental studies.
Pedigree reconstruction reveals large scale movement patterns and population dynamics of wolverines (Gulo gulo) across Fennoscandia

Dispersal is a biological imperative for many species, facilitating gene flow and influencing population dynamics. Modern landscapes are increasingly fragmented, leaving species that rely on dispersal trapped in ever shrinking areas. Measuring connectivity at the population level is difficult using traditional tracking methods, especially for species that are rare or cryptic, but important for both theoretical and applied questions relating to animal movement. Using genetic monitoring data collected from 2004 to 2018, SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping was used to reconstruct pedigrees of wolverines from the whole of Sweden, Norway, and Finland. The resulting pedigree contained over 900 individuals, and six generations. These family triads were then used to identify patterns of natal dispersal for offspring, and breeding related movement between known mated pairs. The results reveal a metapopulation of several reproductive cores spread over three countries, with animals moving across borders in order to breed and disperse. Patterns of movement on this scale identify sources and sinks across the entire range, with little ambiguity due to sample size or study site. To achieve favourable conservation status, management scales should reflect the scales at which populations function.
Groundwater storage dynamics in the world's large aquifer systems from GRACE: uncertainty and role of extreme precipitation

Abstract. Under variable and changing climates groundwater storage sustains vital ecosystems and enables freshwater withdrawals globally for agriculture, drinking water, and industry. Here, we assess recent changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from 2002 to 2016 in 37 of the world's large aquifer systems using an ensemble of datasets from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and land surface models (LSMs). Ensemble GRACE-derived ΔGWS is well reconciled to in situ observations (r=0.62–0.86, p value <0.001) for two tropical basins with regional piezometric networks and contrasting climate regimes. Trends in GRACE-derived ΔGWS are overwhelmingly non-linear; indeed, linear declining trends adequately (R2>0.5, p value <0.001) explain variability in only two aquifer systems. Non-linearity in ΔGWS derives, in part, from the episodic nature of groundwater replenishment associated with extreme annual (>90th percentile, 1901–2016) precipitation and is inconsistent with prevailing narratives of global-scale groundwater depletion at the scale of the GRACE footprint (∼200 000 km2). Substantial uncertainty remains in estimates of GRACE-derived ΔGWS, evident from 20 realisations presented here, but these data provide a regional context to changes in groundwater storage observed more locally through piezometry.