Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking of Steroid-free Glucocorticoid Receptor*

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) recycles between an inactive form complexed with heat shock proteins (hsps) and localized to the cytoplasm and a free liganded form that regulates specific gene transcription in the nucleus. We report here that, contrary to previous assumptions, association of GR into hsp-containing complexes is not sufficient to prevent the shuttling or trafficking of the GR across the nuclear membrane. Following the withdrawal of treatment with cortisol or the hormone antagonist RU486, GRs recycled rapidly into hsp-associated, hormone-responsive complexes. However, cortisol-withdrawn receptors redistributed to the cytoplasm very slowly (t 1 2 = 8–9 h) and RU486-withdrawn receptors not at all. Persistent localization of these GRs to the nucleus was not due to a gross defect in export, since in both instances the complexed nuclear GRs transferred efficiently between heterokaryon nuclei. Moreover, the addition of a nuclear retention signal to the N terminus of GR induced the transfer of naive receptor to the nucleus in the absence of steroid. These results suggest that the localization of GR to the cytoplasm is determined by fine control of the rates of transfer of GR across the nuclear membrane and/or by active retention that occurs independently from the association of GR with hsps.
Influence of dietary intervention on growth in children with hypercholesterolaemia

Aim: To determine whether a moderately reduced fat diet affects longitudinal growth in children with hypercholesterolaemia with a mean duration of 7.42 ± 1.93 y. Methods: Subjects with hypercholesterolaemia, total cholesterol above 5.18 mmol/L and LDL‐cholesterol above 3.49 mmol/L (n= 144; 69 males and 75 females) from 2 to 13 y of age were studied. Patients were seen in our outpatient department for regular health check‐ups. Weight and height were measured every year. At the same time, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, A‐apoprotein and B‐apoprotein levels were analysed. Furthermore, degrees of compliance at 1 mo, 6 mo and each year after starting the dietary treatment were determined. Results: No significant change in height or weight was found after fat restriction. In contrast, significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and B‐apoprotein levels of 19%, 24% and 14%, respectively, were detected. Finally, no significant differences were seen in HDL‐cholesterol, A‐apoprotein or triglycerides.
Classroom collaboration: moving beyond helping

Do you use group work in your mathematics class? What does it look like? What do you expect your students to do when they work together? Have you ever wondered what your students think they are supposed to do? In a recent research project, I investigated the perspectives of eight high school students whose teacher regularly asked them to work collectively to solve open-ended problems. I observed twentythree classes during the semester and interviewed each of the eight students twice, inquiring about their goals related to working together. During the second interview, I showed each student clips of his or her own participation in small group work and asked each to reflect on the recorded episode (Kotsopoulos 2008). Although the teacher, Mr. Neal (all names in the article are pseudonyms), described the importance of students collaborating to generate solutions together, not all the students I interviewed described their goals for working together in the same way. Some students emphasized nonmathematical goals, such as working with friends or getting through the tasks, but others emphasized mathematical goals, such as learning multiple strategies. Some students seemed to place responsibility for meeting goals primarily on individuals, emphasizing behaviors such as paying attention and “getting help. ” A focus on getting and receiving help implies that some students will be treated as “experts” whereas others are treated as “novices” and are helped by the experts. This is sometimes referred to as asymmetric positioning (Esmonde 2009). A few students, however, described solving problems as a group responsibility, emphasizing behaviors such as resolving disagreements, collecting ideas, and wanting to be convinced. These behaviors suggest a more symmetric positioning among students. In this article, I focus on three students—Logan, Sevanye, and Connor—to illustrate these contrasting views. Each student took on a unique role while working in groups. However, their actions along with their reflections revealed that Logan and Sevanye had similar perspectives about how collaboration should work.
Identification and Functional Characterization of the Muscarinic Receptor M3 in the Human Keratinocyte Cell Line HaCaT

In the epidermis muscarinic cholinergic receptors are expressed in keratinocytes during normal differentiation and in regeneration of the skin. The muscarinic receptors were implicated to regulate proliferation, migration and differentiation of keratinocytes. Therefore, we characterized the muscarinic receptor in the spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and studied its role in cell migration. By RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry we show that HaCaT cells express the M3 receptor subtype. This receptor was further characterized by fluorometric measurement of calcium mobilization in cell suspensions. After muscarinic stimulation a peak reaction of intracellular calcium mobilization occurred followed by a plateau phase of extracellular influx which was reversible by atropine. In dose-response curves the effective concentrations of carbachol and acetylcholine were determined as 40 and 1 µM, respectively. The migratory activity of HaCaT cells was studied with the phagokinetic track assay. Treatment with the muscarinic agonist carbachol had no effect on cell migration. However, carbachol diminished the EGF-induced increase in migratory activity by about 26%. Interestingly, EGF and carbachol had additive effects on calcium mobilization.
PERMUTATIONS OF THE INTEGERS INDUCE ONLY THE TRIVIAL AUTOMORPHISM OF THE TURING DEGREES

Abstract Is there a nontrivial automorphism of the Turing degrees? It is a major open problem of computability theory. Past results have limited how nontrivial automorphisms could possibly be. Here we consider instead how an automorphism might be induced by a function on reals, or even by a function on integers. We show that a permutation of ω cannot induce any nontrivial automorphism of the Turing degrees of members of 2ω, and in fact any permutation that induces the trivial automorphism must be computable. A main idea of the proof is to consider the members of 2ω to be probabilities, and use statistics: from random outcomes from a distribution we can compute that distribution, but not much more.
Cell adhesion strength from cortical tension – an integration of concepts

ABSTRACT Morphogenetic mechanisms such as cell movement or tissue separation depend on cell attachment and detachment processes, which involve adhesion receptors as well as the cortical cytoskeleton. The interplay between the two components is of stunning complexity. Most strikingly, the binding energy of adhesion molecules is usually too small for substantial cell–cell attachment, pointing to a main deficit in our present understanding of adhesion. In this Opinion article, I integrate recent findings and conceptual advances in the field into a coherent framework for cell adhesion. I argue that active cortical tension is best viewed as an integral part of adhesion, and propose on this basis a non-arbitrary measure of adhesion strength – the tissue surface tension of cell aggregates. This concept of adhesion integrates heterogeneous molecular inputs into a single mechanical property and simplifies the analysis of attachment–detachment processes. It draws attention to the enormous variation of adhesion strengths among tissues, whose origin and function is little understood. Summary: Recent advances in our understanding of cell adhesion are integrated to develop a non-arbitrary definition of cell adhesion strength, suited to unify the quantitative description of tissue mechanical processes.
La atención a la diversidad en la educación superior: Una perspectiva desde las competencias docentes

El Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior (EEES) representa para el profesorado universitario un gran desafio, especialmente en aspectos como la atencion a la diversidad del alumnado. El EEES plantea un paradigma educativo centrado en el aprendizaje, en el alumno y presupone cambios sustantivos en el quehacer del profesor universitario, que debe adaptar su perfil profesional a las exigencias de las nuevas demandas, de este nuevo escenario socioeducativo. Este nuevo enfoque establece como referente considerar, en el marco de las competencias profesionales del profesor universitario, la necesidad de atender a la diversidad. En este trabajo desgranaremos como la diversidad deviene eje de accion en la funcion docente del profesor universitario y en su perfil competencial. Iniciaremos nuestras reflexiones en el marco conceptual y acotaremos las implicaciones que plantea la inclusion de la gestion de la diversidad en el perfil competencial docente, teniendo como referente contextual el EEES
COMPARISON OF OUTCOME OF FRACTURES OF INFERIOR POLE OF PATELLA

Background: Fractures of patella are common and it constitutes about significant proportion of all skeletal injuries resulting from either direct or indirect trauma. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of inferior pole fractures of patella treated with tension band wiring and resection of avulsed fragment and re-attachment of ligament to patella. Methodology: This was an comparative study, th th carried out in Department of Orthopaedic surgery of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 16 June 2012 to 15 June 2014. A total of 20 patients were included in this study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. In Group-A patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with tension band wire and in Group-B patients were treated by resectionof the avulsed fragment and reattachment of the patellar ligamentto the patella. Patients were followed up for surgical site infection and st th th functional outcome at 1 , 7 , 15 , day one month, three months and six months post operatively. Final outcome was assessed by using Bostman criteria. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSS version 17. Results: Mean age of all 20 patients was st th 34.20±12.13 years. Although both treatment groups had statistically same rate of surgical site infection from 1 day till 15 day st th post operatively. From 1 month till 6 months follow up time period none of the patients had surgical site infection in both st th treatment groups. At 1 month and 6 month post operatively in Group-B outcome was statistically better as compared to Group-A nd patients. But at 2 month outcome of patients was statistically same in both treatment groups. Conclusion: Resection of the avulsed fragment and reattachment of the patellar ligamentto the patella had good outcome according to the Bostman criteria as compared to open reduction and internal fixation with tension band wire.
A new electrical recording system for physiological work

THE recording of minute and rapid electrical changes such as occur in living tissues is in itself a difficult physical problem. Since the advent of valve amplifiers the smallness of these changes does not matter much, as they may easily be magnified many times; but their rapidity is still a great difficulty. No instrument has yet been designed which will give an exact record of the electric response accompanying a single impulse in one nerve fibre. Several systems have been used to record these rapid electric changes; these are, the capillary electrometer, the string galvanometer and two forms of oscillograph-the cathode ray oscillograph used by Gas ser and Erlanger(@) and the moving-loop oscillograph used by Rosenberg(o). The string galvanometer is of great value in recording the comparatively slow electric changes accompanying the heart beat; in the ordinary pattern the inertia of the string prevents it from giving an accurate record of electrical changes as rapid as those of the action potential of nerve. The records can be corrected by a mathematical analysis(3), but this is both laborious and very difficult ('). Special types of string galvanometer have been made by E i n t h o v e n for recording very rapid changes, but some loss of sensitivity is involved when the period of the string is quickened, and unfortunately the string galvanometer does not readily lend itself to use in conjunction with valve amplifiers owing to the fragility of the string, which is easily broken by any chance disturbance affecting the amplifier. The capillary electrometer in combination with a valve amplifier as used by Adrian(4) forms a convenient recording system; its sensitivity is great, and records obtained with it, though greatly distorted by the damping of the mercury, may be analysed with the machine invented by Keith Lucas. This analysis, however, depends on the setting of the cross wire of an eye-piece tangentially to the record, and this is often extremely difficult if the record is at all faint. The high degree of damping
DATA MINING TECHNIQUES FOR ANTI MONEY LAUNDERING

Money Laundering is the process of creating the appearance that large amounts of money obtained from serious crimes, such as drug trafficking or terrorist activity, originated from a legitimate source. Through money laundering, the launderer transforms the monetary proceeds derived from criminal activity into funds with an apparently legal source. The system that works against Money laundering is Anti-Money Laundering (AML) system. The existing system for Anti-Money Laundering accepts the bulk of data and converts it to large volumes reports that are tedious and topsy-turvy for a person to read without any help of software. To develop a structure to research in datamining, we create a taxonomy that combines research on patterns of observed fraud schemes with an appreciation of areas that benefit from a productive application of data mining. The aim of this study was to review research conducted in the field of fraud detection with an emphasis on detecting honey laundering and examine deficiencies based on data mining techniques. Which include a set of predefined rules and threshold values. In addition to this approach, data mining techniques are very convenient to detest money laundering patterns and detect unusual behavior. Therefore, unsupervised data mining technique will be more effective to detect new patterns of money laundering and can be crucial to enhance learning models based on classification methods. Of course, the development of new methods will be very useful to increase the accuracy of performance.
Prevalence, somatic cell count and etiology of bovine mastitis in Cuban herds from Mayabeque province using hand and machine milking.

Few studies have been developed to evaluate the differences of bovine mastitis situation between hand and machine milking under the American tropic conditions. Twenty dairy herds were studied, 11 using hand milking (HM) and 9 machine milking (MM), from «San Jose de las Lajas» municipality, Mayabeque province. Between May 2009 and March 2012, samples from 182 cows (113 MM and 69 HM) were obtained meaning a 35.1% of total milking cows, resulting in 708 quarters sampled (435 MM and 273 HM). Samples were subjected to bacteriological diagnosis and somatic cell count (SCC). There were significant differences for the prevalence of blind quarters, subclinical mastitis and intramammary infections between hand milking, 1.1; 29.4 and 59.4% and machine milking, 3.8; 59.0 and 79.9%, respectively. A significant difference was found for somatic cell count averages, with 361 000 and 984 000 cells/ml for hand and machine milking, respectively. Only Streptococcus agalactiae had a difference of statistical relevance for distribution by herds, 18.2% in hand milking and 88.9% in machine milking. In samples from herds with hand milking, the pathogens of higher frequency were: Corynebacterium bovis 24.4 %, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus 13.3% and Staphylococcus aureus 6.6%; those in machine milking herds were: Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus 33.0%, Corynebacterium bovis 15.8 % and Streptococcus agalactiae 7.4%. The somatic cell count averages for the bacteriological diagnoses showed a significant difference between milking types, for negative quarters, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium bovis. Bovine mastitis presented a worse situation in the herds using machine milking.
The hinterland of familial hypercholesterolaemia: what do we not know?

Purpose of review Familial hypercholesterolaemia is the commonest autosomal dominant disorder in man, but many questions about familial hypercholesterolaemia remain to be answered. Guidelines are increasing in importance as healthcare becomes standardized. The review suggests areas that require more investigation or where pertinent guidelines may need to be reviewed. Recent findings Familial hypercholesterolaemia is commoner than previously thought, but its epidemiology needs further investigation against a background of changing environmental and lifestyle factors that may bear on its phenotypic expression. Screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia may be more difficult than might be thought as cascade testing may not capture all cases effectively and universal screening appears compelling, but requires testing and evaluation. Cardiovascular disease guidelines are moving to being risk based, but familial hypercholesterolaemia stands alone as defined by large database of lipids-cholesterol criteria. A risk-based approach may need to be considered for familial hypercholesterolaemia, but a good evidence base is required. The effects of older therapies on prognosis in familial hypercholesterolaemia are based on surrogate as opposed to cardiovascular disease outcomes. Novel efficacious but expensive therapies are on the horizon, but no specific outcome trials in familial hypercholesterolaemia are planned and they may not be cost-effective outside very severe familial hypercholesterolaemia. Further research is also required to trial and test different models of care for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Summary Despite familial hypercholesterolaemia being a common genetic condition, aspects of basic epidemiology, risk assessment, treatment, and models of care remain uncertain.
The Influence of Ambient Temperature on RC Tank Walls Watertightness in Research and Theory

The article presents a detailed comparison of two calculation models with Eurocode Standard guidelines. The stress has been put on defining the amount of reinforcement necessary to reduce the width of cracks resulting from imposed deformations in various ambient conditions. With the help of dierent approaches, the article presents the influence of the atmospheric factor on crack occurrence and crack width. Moreover, the calculation results are compared with the actual cracking during experimental investigations of RC tank wall segments. Adopting this approach it was possible to evaluate the eciency of calculation models pertaining to the analysis of the influence of imposed deformations on cracking in maturing concrete. The way of crack calculation defined in Eurocode Standard, in case of tank walls concreted in the first stage, leads to underestimating crack width in comparison with the crack width observed during experimental investigations.
Social influences on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cows.

Clinical mastitis of dairy cows is a visible inflammation of the udder, which is usually caused by bacteria and treated with antibiotics. Although pressure is increasing to reduce antibiotic usage in livestock in the European Union, feedback from the field suggests that clinical mastitis treatment is frequently repeated after the initial per-label treatment, thereby extending treatment duration. The aim of this study was to explore the social factors influencing farmers' decision-making on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis. In total, 38 dairy farmers in the Netherlands (n=17) and Germany (n=21) were interviewed in a qualitative semi-structured way. Extended treatment was defined as any treatment longer than that given in label directions. Of the 38 farmers, 30 reported routine and 7 occasional extended antibiotic treatment. The interviewed farmers were sensitive toward social norms of other farmers and recognition for good stockmanship. Extended treatment is perceived as part of the social norm of "being a good farmer. " The participants' perception was that mastitis is not treated "thoroughly" if clinical symptoms were still visible at the time of cessation of treatment, because it may persist or recur. As a result, treatment was frequently extended by repeating the initial label treatment. Farmers, specifically the more "cow-oriented" farmers, expressed insecurity on how to treat mastitis effectively. This insecurity made them more sensitive to comply with other farmers' injunctive ("what ought to be") and descriptive ("what is done") norms and the perceived veterinarians' informational norm that extended treatment is better, resulting in an approved social norm. Social approval reduces the insecurity of being perceived as a poor farmer; thus, extended treatment is emotionally rewarded. This social reward apparently outweighs the higher costs of more waste milk and more antibiotic usage. Perceived positive reference groups with whom the farmer identifies and regularly communicates face to face, such as other farmers, the herd veterinarian, and other farm advisors, confirm the farmer's judgment on extending treatment and influences him or her toward socially accepted behavior. Society was the most negative reference group, barely influencing farmers' decision-making on treatment. The emotional gap between farmers and society is large and probably difficult to overcome. Legislation may reduce antibiotic usage, if doable and controllable. Evidence-based information on treatment efficacy or practical on-farm decision support indicating when to end treatment may be able to change social norms of "thorough" treatment, especially when communicated by a positive reference group such as veterinarians. Because prudent antibiotic use is hindered by perceived subjective norms on optimal duration of antibiotic treatment, more research is needed, particularly on the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment of specific pathogens as related to cure and recurrence of clinical mastitis.
Psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Romanian adolescents

The present study explored the psychometric properties, validity and factorial structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in healthy and chronically ill Romanian adolescents. The sample consisted of 500 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years (M = 14.2; SD = 1.39) recruited from schools and medical settings. Two additional screening tools were used to test the validity of the measured construct. Results indicated that the structure of HADS is represented in both healthy and chronically ill Romanian adolescents by a similar two-factor structure corresponding to anxiety and depression symptoms. With some exceptions, all items loaded on their original scale. Both HADS-Anxiety and HADS-Depression subscales showed good stability over one week and adequate positive correlations with scores on similar screening tools. Still, reliability problems of HADS-Depression scale were identified in healthy adolescents. The findings provide preliminary evidence of the adequacy of using HADS in chronically ill adolescents. The problems connected with the use of HADSDepression scale in healthy adolescents are discussed.