Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of practice time on surfing injuries

Introduction: studying the influence of surfing on the prevalence of injuries may contribute to prevention. Objective: to analyze the influence of time practicing sports and the occurrence of previous surgery on the profile and prevalence of injuries caused by surfing. Methods: Sixty-six Brazilian surfers (26.16 ± 0.73 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometric data, physical activity level, surfing practice time and the prevalence of injuries (type of injury, anatomical region affected, and mechanism of injury) were evaluated. To assess which of the studied variables exerted significant influence on the mean number of injuries, a Poisson log-linear model was adjusted through R software (p < 0.05). Results: most surfers were classified as eutrophic (73%), very active (60.6%), had an average practice time of 10.1 ± 1 years, and were not members of a surfing federation (74%). It was also observed that 90.9% of participants reported injuries caused by surfing and 44.9% affected the lower limbs. The majority of these injuries affected the integumentary system (46.6%). The main mechanism of injury was impact with the board or seabed (40.4%). Furthermore, it was found that surfing federation members presented an average of 58.4% more injuries than non-members (p = 0.007). Surfers who had undergone previous surgeries showed an average number of injuries that was 56.9% higher than other surfers (p = 0.012). In addition, it was found that for each extra year of surfing, the average number of injuries increased by 2.5% (p = 0.0118). Conclusion: the average number of injuries increased with increment in time practicing the sport, previous surgery and membership in a surfing federation.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior Management

Abstract This article compares traditional industrial-organizational psychology (I-O) research published in Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP) with organizational behavior management (OBM) research published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM). The purpose of this comparison was to identify similarities and differences with respect to research topics and methodologies, and to offer suggestions for what OBM researchers and practitioners can learn from I-O. Articles published in JAP from 1987–1997 were reviewed and compared to articles published during the same decade in JOBM (Nolan, Jarema, & Austin, 1999). This comparison includes (a) author characteristics, (b) authors published in both journals, (c) topics addressed, (d) type of article, and (e) research characteristics and methodologies. Among the conclusions are: (a) the primary relative strength of OBM is its practical significance, demonstrated by the proportion of research addressing applied issues; (b) the greatest strength of traditional I-O appears to be the variety and complexity of organizational research topics; and (c) each field could benefit from contact with research published in the other.
On the variability of replicate plankton samples and some applications of ‘contagious’ series to the statistical distribution of catches over restricted periods

The variability to be expected in replicate plankton hauls, using several methods of hauling and a number of different nets, has been examined by Winsor & Clarke (1940). Some of the variability is due to true sampling variations, inevitable when discrete entities in suspension are sampled, and some is due to inadequacies of sampling technique. Winsor & Walford (1936) found that the variability of their vertical net hauls could be explained on the basis of a random distribution of the population, the variations being ascribed to variations in the volume of water filtered in successive hauls. They fully realized that the alternative, namely a non-random distribution of the population, was not disproved; but they considered that since widely different organisms showed little difference in variability the evidence was strongly in favour of a random distribution. They did note, however, that agreement between these different organisms was less marked when the numbers caught were large.
DISTRIBUTION AND INFERENCE: WHAT PHILOSOPHICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SEMANTICS CAN LEARN FROM EACH OTHER

Distribution of a word across contexts has proved to be a very useful approximation of the word's meaning. This paper re ects on the recent attempts to enhance distributional (or vector space) semantics of words with meaning composition, in particular with Fregean compositionality. I discuss the nature and performance of distributional semantic representations and argue against the thesis that semantics is in some sense identical with distribution (which seems to be a strong assumption of the compositional e orts). I propose instead that distribution is merely a re ection of semantics, and a substantially imperfect one. That raises some doubts regarding the very idea of obtaining semantic representations for larger wholes (phrases, sentences) by combining the distributional representations of particular items. In any case, I reject the generally unquestioned assumption that formal semantics provides a good theory of semantic composition, which it would be desirable to combine with distributional semantics (as a theory that is highly succesful on the lexical eld). I suggest that a positive alternative to the strong reading of the distributional hypothesis can be seen in the philosophy of inferentialism with respect to language meaning. I argue that the spirit of inferentialism is reasonably compatible with the current practice of distributional semantics, and I discuss the motivations for as well as the obstacles in the way of implementing the philosophical position in a computational framework. ∗I am grateful to Jarda Peregrin, as well as to a couple of anonymous reviewers, for their relevant comments on a previous version.
Attrition and Loss to Follow-up Among Children and Adolescents in a Community Home-Based Care HIV Programme in Uganda

Background: We examine attrition and Loss To Follow Up (LTFU) and their baseline predictors among HIVinfected children and adolescents in a Community Home-Based Care (CHBC) model in Kampala (Uganda). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of attrition and LTFU and their predictors among children and adolescents aged 0-20 years in the Tukula Fenna project. The project operates at the Home Care Department of Nsambya Hospital and four outreach clinics, located in Kampala and three surrounding districts in Uganda. The project uses community home-based care to provide free Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), other medical treatment as necessary, nutritional support, psychosocial support, and home visits. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess attrition and LTFU, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify their predictors. Results: 1162 children and adolescents with confirmed positive HIV status were enrolled in the Tukula Fenna project between October 2003 and August 2012. Over this period, 5.34% of patients died (62), 37.61% were LTFU (437), and overall attrition was 42.94% (499). This resulted in overall incidence of death of 18 per 1000 person-years, of LTFU of 126 per 1000 person-years, and of attrition of 144 per 1000 person-years. The single factor significantly associated with overall attrition among the 1162 patients was absence of ART (HR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.09,0.14). Both baseline BMI z-score (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00) and receipt of ART (HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.15) were significantly negatively associated with LTFU among all 1162 patients in this cohort. Conclusion: Not receiving ART was the single factor significantly associated with overall attrition. Both baseline BMI z-scores and receipt of ART were protective against LTFU among HIV positive children and adolescents enrolled in the Tukula Fenna project. Orphans need more nutritional support and improved access to early ART initiation.
Challenges to Optimal Care for Orofacial CleftPatients in Sub-Saharan Africa - The Example ofTwo Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Background: Complete and comprehensive management of a cleft patient goes beyond surgical repairs. However, certain challenges may limit total rehabilitation. This study intends to highlight specific challenges to optimal care for Orofacial cleft patients in the West African subregion and to suggest possible solution. Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at two tertiary hospitals in Nigeria from January 2012 to December 2014. Cleft lip/palate patients were recruited from regular surgical outpatient clinics and during special surgical outreaches organized by the cleft teams of these hospitals. Consent was obtained from all participants (i.e. self or parental consent). In order to execute an inquiry into the challenges to effective care, a comprehensive preformed was drawn to elicit and record patients’ and parents’ bio-data, relevant history and clinical information as well as patients’ perceived treatment needs and desired treatment outcomes. Separate inquiries were made to determine the professional group composition of the multidisciplinary cleft team in each hospital, available cleft care services in each hospital, and the treatment protocols observed by each cleft team. The data gathered were analyzed to determine the challenges to optimal care for the cleft patient. Results: Two-hundred and twenty-eight (228) patients were recruited of whom 57 (25%) were encountered during special surgical outreach programs. Patients’ age range was between three weeks and thirty six years. Observed challenges to optimal care are presented under four considerations namely; “Patient related”, “Cleft team related”, “Hospital related” and “Outcome related” Considerations. Broadly, the challenges include late presentation, high attrition rate, cleft teams’ deficiencies in key specialty services (e.g. orthodontics, and speech therapy), and competing non cleft workload of the cleft team members. Conclusion: Poor awareness, ignorance and financial difficulties accounted mostly for late presentation. Other barriers such as inadequacies of multidisciplinary cleft care services and required facilities in the hospitals were quite limiting. In order to mitigate the challenges, public re-orientation and patient education, infrastructural support, increased funding and training of essential personnel in the full range of skills for cleft care is imperative.
Information Content of Aggregate and Individual Insider Trading

We examine the impact of aggregate insider trading on market returns in the UK. We find that, on aggregate, insiders are contrarians, but their trades are not informative, contrary to previous US evidence. We suggest that this discrepancy is related to the regulatory setting in the UK where insiders have to report their trades within six days. Then we analyse the short-run market reaction to insider trades and find that the information content of insider trading is limited to the period surrounding the announcement dates. We show that market-to-book, company size, stock volatility and market volatility have a significant impact on reporting period returns. In addition, we find that the market reaction is much weaker after controlling M/B and size. Finally, we show that insiders time in high volatile stocks, and following high market volatility.
The magnitude and effects of extreme solar particle events

The solar energetic particle (SEP) radiation environment is an important consideration for spacecraft design, spacecraft mission planning and human spaceflight. Herein is presented an investigation into the likely severity of effects of a very large Solar Particle Event (SPE) on technology and humans in space. Fluences for SPEs derived using statistical models are compared to historical SPEs to verify their appropriateness for use in the analysis which follows. By combining environment tools with tools to model effects behind varying layers of spacecraft shielding it is possible to predict what impact a large SPE would be likely to have on a spacecraft in Near-Earth interplanetary space or geostationary Earth orbit. Also presented is a comparison of results generated using the traditional method of inputting the environment spectra, determined using a statistical model, into effects tools and a new method developed as part of the ESA SEPEM Project allowing for the creation of an effect time series on which statistics, previously applied to the flux data, can be run directly. The SPE environment spectra is determined and presented as energy integrated proton fluence (cm−2 ) as a function of particle energy (in MeV). This is input into the SHIELDOSE-2, MULASSIS, NIEL, GRAS and SEU effects tools to provide the output results. In the case of the new method for analysis, the flux time series is fed directly into the MULASSIS and GEMAT tools integrated into the SEPEM system. The output effect quantities include total ionising dose (in rads), non-ionising energy loss (MeV g−1 ), single event upsets (upsets/bit) and the dose in humans compared to established limits for stochastic (or cancer-causing) effects and tissue reactions (such as acute radiation sickness) in humans given in grey-equivalent and sieverts respectively.
Development of sampling for quantification of glyphosate in natural waters

Glyphosate is a systemic, post-emergent, non-selective herbicide widely used in agriculture. The objective of this study was to develop a method for sample preparation, to partially purified natural water samples contaminated with residues of glyphosate, and to quantify them by derivation and spectroscopically. To assess the accuracy of the method, samples of water from an artesian well and from a stream were fortified with known amounts of glyphosate. The concentration of glyphosate was determined using a standard curve concentration range from 4 to 14 mg L-1. From the concentration of glyphosate recovered, in both samples of fortified water it was found that DOWEX MWA-1 resin and NaCl 0.100 mol L-1 eluent were effective in the purification of the samples. It was found that the method is reproducible because the results are within the range acceptable for the analysis of residues of pesticides, with a percentage coefficient of variation below the allowed limit. It was found that in the water samples with suspected contamination, the concentration of glyphosate was greater than that permitted by the Ministry of Health.
Modeling of Mass Dynamics in Arterial Drug-Eluting Stents

A mathematical model describing the advection-diffusion reaction of a substance between two porous homogeneous media of different properties and dimensions is presented. A strong analogy with the one-dimensional transient heat conduction process across two layered slabs is evidenced and a similar methodology is proposed. The model incorporates not only drug diffusive effects, but also convection phenomena and metabolic processes in the wall. Transformation and separation of variables leads to a Sturm-Liouville problem with discontinuous coefficients and an exact analytical solution is given in the form of an infinite series expansion. The model points out the role of the nondimensional parameters, which control the complex transfer mechanism across the two layers. In particular, the drug diffusivity in the wall is shown to greatly influence the residence time. Drug concentration profiles at various times are given and discussed. Received September 19, 2007; Accepted February 14, 2008 Copyright c © 2009 Begell House, Inc. 19 20 Pontrelli and de Monte
On the inter ionic potentials of molten salts

Inter ionic pair potentials including the effect of ion polarization have been re-examined after the brief survey of their study. The cause of major defect of the polarizable ion model, the polarization catastrophe , has been examined. New expression of screened ion potentials including ion polarization has been proposed to avoid the catastrophe. The application to molten CuI has been demonstrated as an example
The Attitude of Second Year Pharmacy Students towards Lectures, Exams and E-Learning

There is an increasing trend toward student-centred interactive e-learning methods and students’ feedback is a valuable tool for improving learning methods. The aim of this study was to explore the attitude of second year pharmacy students at the University of Babylon, Iraq, towards lectures, exams and e-learning. Materials and methods: Ninety pharmacy students were surveyed by paper questionnaire about their preference for lecture format, use of e-files, theoretical lectures versus practical experiments, lecture and lab time. Students were also asked about their predilection for Moodle-based online exams, different types of exam questions, exam time and other extra academic activities. Results: Students prefer to read lectures on paper (73.3%), use of PowerPoint file (76.7%), short lectures of less than 10 pages (94.5%), practical experiments (66.7%), lectures and lab time of less than two hours (89.9% and 96.6 respectively) and intra-lecture discussions (68.9%). Students also like to have paper-based exam (73.3%), short essay (40%) or MCQ (34.4%) questions and also prefer to do extra activities like reports (22.2%), seminars (18.6%) and posters (10.8%). Conclusion: Second year pharmacy students have different attitudes toward traditional and electronic leaning and assessment methods. Using multimedia, elearning and Moodle are increasingly preferred methods among some students. Keywords—Pharmacy, students, lecture, exam, e-learning, Moodle.
GAMMA IRRADIATION PRESERVATION OF CHESTNUT FRUITS: EFFECTS ON COLOR AND TEXTURE

Chestnuts are a seasonal fruit that must be postharvest treated to meet food safety regulations. In this study the effect of gamma irradiation on color and texture of chestnut fruits from a European variety (Castanea sativa Miller) was reported. The fruits were subjected to gamma irradiation doses of 0.5, 3 and 6 kGy, with color and texture properties analyzed along a typical commercial period for this fruit after postharvest treatment, at 0, 15 and 30 days of storage. For L and b color parameters, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed with irradiation dose (ID) only for higher doses of 3 kGy and 6 kGy. Along storage time (ST) significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for fruits interior (half-cutted) after 15 days of storage. Regarding texture, differences on fruits were only detected for chestnuts irradiated with 6 kGy. With this study we can identify the maximum acceptable dose for irradiation processing of these fruits, concluding that gamma irradiation could be a promising alternative technology for postharvest disinfestation of European chestnuts varieties, to meet food safety international trade regulations, not affecting significantly two important parameters for the consumer, the color and texture.
Tipping: an Incentive/Reward for Service?

Tipping is an interesting, pervasive, and under researched form of consumer behavior. Tips are supposed to be an incentive/reward for good service. However, tipping is a complex behavior motivated by the desires to conform with social norms, compensate for poor service wages, display power/status, avoid the servers' envy and ill will, and express interpersonal attraction. It is possible that these othermotives for tipping undermine its role as an incentive/reward. This possibility was examined in two original studies of restaurant tipping. The studies found that tipping is related to consumers' evaluations of service and the dining experience, but that these relationships are weak. This result suggests that tipping is, in part, a reward forgood service, but that it may not provide a sufficient incentive for the delivery of good service.
Elucidation on the wettability of graphene throughout a multi-length-scale investigation approach

Univocal conclusions around the wettability of graphene exposed to environmental conditions remain elusive despite the recent efforts of several research groups. The main discrepancy rests on the question whether a graphene monolayer (GML) is transparent or not to water and more generally what is the role that the substrate plays in determining the degree of wetting of the GML. In this work, we investigate the water transparency of GML by means of a multi-length-scale approach. We complement traditional static contact angle measurements and environmental scanning electron microscope experiments with atomic force microscopy based force spectroscopy to assess the role that intermolecular interactions play in determining the wetting of GML. To gain deeper insight on the wetting transparency issue, we perform experiments on inert metals, such as gold and platinum, covered or not by GML. The comparison of the results obtained for different systems (i.e. GML covered and uncovered inert metals), provides unambiguous evidence that support the non-wetting transparency theory of GML. This work aims to assist the development of technologies based on graphene/water interaction, such as graphitic membranes for water separation processes.
Is the Thai government revenue-spending nexus asymmetric?

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that there might be an asymmetric process of adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium in the government revenue-spending nexus. In this paper, the long-run relationship between government revenue and spending is examined in the case of Thailand using annual data over the period 1991–2019. Specifically, this is an attempt to determine whether this long-run relationship is linear or nonlinear. In doing so, both linear and nonlinear cointegration tests are employed. The empirical results suggest that the positive long-run relationship between revenue and spending is linear and stable when revenue is the dependent variable. By estimating the TAR and MTAR models, evidence of a nonlinear revenue-spending relationship is not found. Therefore, there does not seem to be asymmetric adjustment toward the long-run equilibrium. The results of causality tests based on the estimated ECMs of linear cointegrating equations show no causality between revenue and spending in the short run, supporting the fiscal institutional separation hypothesis. In the long run, there is unidirectional causality running from government spending to revenue, which supports the fiscal spend-and-tax hypothesis.
Distaste for Centralization: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Switzerland

Do people care about the degree of centralization? This paper examines the effects of local centralization reforms on individuals' well-being using a quasi-natural experiment in Switzerland. The results reveal that centralization has a causal negative impact on individuals' life satisfaction. Consistent with the concept of procedural utility, centralization reduces individuals' feeling of having political influence and interest in politics. In contrast, there are no impacts on individuals' satisfaction with local governments' performance. These findings shed new light on what people value in decentralized institutions.
Diel and Seasonal Occurrence Patterns of Drifting Fish Larvae in the Teima Stream, Okinawa Island1

Abstract: Drifting fish larvae were collected with a plankton net in the lower reaches of a freshwater area of the Teima Stream, Okinawa Island, Japan, during 24 hr periods each month from June 1998 to October 1999 (except July 1998). Newly hatched larvae of several gobioid and two pipefish species were collected, and their morphology was described. The larval occurrences suggested that most species spawn mainly from spring to fall, with some Rhinogobius species spawning in winter. Larvae of all fishes occurred predominantly during hours after dusk diroughout the year. It is suggested that larvae of amphidromous fishes spawned in freshwater streams on Okinawa Island begin to drift soon after hatching at dusk and complete their exit from freshwater areas into the estuary and sea by midnight.