Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIMITED DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO CLADE 2.3.4.4 A/GOOSE/GUANGDONG/1/1996 LINEAGE HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN NORTH AMERICAN WATERFOWL

Abstract: During 2014, highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage (GsGD-HP-H5), originating from Asia, were detected in domestic poultry and wild birds in Canada and the US. These clade 2.3. 4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 viruses included reassortants possessing North American lineage gene segments; were detected in wild birds in the Pacific, Central, and Mississippi flyways; and caused the largest HP IAV outbreak in poultry in US history. To determine if an antibody response indicative of previous infection with clade 2.3. 4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 IAV could be detected in North American wild waterfowl sampled before, during, and after the 2014–15 outbreak, sera from 2,793 geese and 3,715 ducks were tested by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using both clade 2.3. 4.4 GsGD-HPH5 and North American lineage low pathogenic (LP) H5 IAV antigens. We detected an antibody response meeting a comparative titer-based criteria (HI titer observed with 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 antigens exceeded the titer observed for LP H5 antigen by two or more dilutions) for previous infection with clade 2.3. 4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 IAV in only five birds, one Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors) sampled during the outbreak and three Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and one Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) sampled during the post-outbreak period. These serologic results are consistent with the spatiotemporal extent of the outbreak in wild birds in North America during 2014 and 2015 and limited exposure of waterfowl to GsGD-HP-H5 IAV, particularly in the central and eastern US.
Evaluation of Structure-Function Relationships of Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Simultaneous Dual Applications of Specific Discrimination and Efficient Photodynamic Killing of Gram-Positive Bacteria.

Bacterial infectious diseases, especially those caused by Gram-positive bacteria, pose a serious threat to human health. Preparation of multifunctional system bearing both rapid bacterial differentiation and effective antibacterial effects is highly in demand, but remains a severe challenge. Herein, a series of luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics were rationally designed and synthesized. Evaluation of structure-function relationships reveals that AIE luminogens (AIEgens) having intrinsic positive charge and proper ClogP value are able to stain Gram-positive bacteria. Meanwhile, one of the presented AIEgens (TTPy) can generate ROS in extraordinarily high efficiency under white light irradiation due to the smaller singlet-triplet energy gap. Thanks to the NIR emission, excellent specificity to Gram-positive bacteria and effective ROS generation efficiency, TTPy has been proved to perform well in selectively photodynamic killing of Gram-positive S. aureus in vitro and even in the S. aureus-infected rats wounds.
Relationship between VO2max, cycle economy & mitochondrial respiration in untrained/trained.

PURPOSE Aerobic capacity is negatively related to locomotion economy. The purpose of the paper is to determine what effects aerobic exercise training has on the relationship between net cycling oxygen uptake (inverse of economy) and aerobic capacity (VO2peak) as well as what role mitochondrial coupled and uncoupled respiration may play in whole body aerobic capacity and cycling economy. METHODS Cycling net oxygen uptake and VO2peak were evaluated on 52 subjects prior to exercise training (baseline) and 31 subjects after 8-16 weeks of aerobic training. Muscle tissue was collected from 25 subjects at baseline and 15 post training. Mitochondrial respiration assays were performed using High Resolution Respirometry. RESULTS Pre (r=0.34, p<0.05) and post exercise training (r=0.62, p<0.01) VO2peak and cycling net oxygen uptake were related. In addition, uncoupled and coupled fat respiration were related both baseline (r=0.89, p<0.01) and post training (r=0.89, p<01). Post training coupled (r=0.74, p<0.01) and uncoupled carbohydrate respiration (r=0.52, p<05) were related to cycle net oxygen uptake. In addition, correlations between changes in VO2peak and changes in cycle net oxygen uptake persist after training, even after adjusting for changes in RQ (an index of fat oxidation). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the negative relationship between locomotion economy and aerobic capacity is increased following exercise training. In addition, it is proposed that at least one of the primary factors influencing this relationship has its foundation within the mitochondria. Strong relationships between coupled and uncoupled respiration appear to be contributing factors for this relationship.
Vedolizumab versus Adalimumab for Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND Biologic therapies are widely used in patients with ulcerative colitis. Head-to-head trials of these therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are lacking. METHODS In a phase 3b, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized trial conducted at 245 centers in 34 countries, we compared vedolizumab with adalimumab in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis to determine whether vedolizumab was superior. Previous exposure to a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor other than adalimumab was allowed in up to 25% of patients. The patients were assigned to receive infusions of 300 mg of vedolizumab on day 1 and at weeks 2, 6, 14, 22, 30, 38, and 46 (plus injections of placebo) or subcutaneous injections of 40 mg of adalimumab, with a total dose of 160 mg at week 1, 80 mg at week 2, and 40 mg every 2 weeks thereafter until week 50 (plus infusions of placebo). Dose escalation was not permitted in either group. The primary outcome was clinical remission at week 52 (defined as a total score of ≤2 on the Mayo scale [range, 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating more severe disease] and no subscore >1 [range, 0 to 3] on any of the four Mayo scale components). To control for type I error, efficacy outcomes were analyzed with a hierarchical testing procedure, with the variables in the following order: clinical remission, endoscopic improvement (subscore of 0 to 1 on the Mayo endoscopic component), and corticosteroid-free remission at week 52. RESULTS A total of 769 patients underwent randomization and received at least one dose of vedolizumab (383 patients) or adalimumab (386 patients). At week 52, clinical remission was observed in a higher percentage of patients in the vedolizumab group than in the adalimumab group (31.3% vs. 22.5%; difference, 8.8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 15.0; P = 0.006), as was endoscopic improvement (39.7% vs. 27.7%; difference, 11.9 percentage points; 95% CI, 5.3 to 18.5; P<0.001). Corticosteroid-free clinical remission occurred in 12.6% of the patients in the vedolizumab group and in 21.8% in the adalimumab group (difference, -9.3 percentage points; 95% CI, -18.9 to 0.4). Exposure-adjusted incidence rates of infection were 23.4 and 34.6 events per 100 patient-years with vedolizumab and adalimumab, respectively, and the corresponding rates for serious infection were 1.6 and 2.2 events per 100 patient-years. CONCLUSIONS In this trial involving patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis, vedolizumab was superior to adalimumab with respect to achievement of clinical remission and endoscopic improvement, but not corticosteroid-free clinical remission. (Funded by Takeda; VARSITY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02497469; EudraCT number, 2015-000939-33.).
Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Abstract Neuroendocrine neoplasms constitute a diverse group of tumors that derive from the sensory and secretory neuroendocrine cells and predominantly arise within the pulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts. The majority of these neoplasms have a well-differentiated grade and are termed neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This subgroup is characterized by limited proliferation and patients affected by these tumors carry a good to moderate prognosis. A substantial subset of patients presenting with a NET suffer from the consequences of endocrine syndromes as a result of the excessive secretion of amines or peptide hormones, which can impair their quality of life and prognosis. Over the past 15 years, critical developments in tumor grading, diagnostic biomarkers, radionuclide imaging, randomized controlled drug trials, evidence-based guidelines, and superior prognostic outcomes have substantially altered the field of NET care. Here, we review the relevant advances to clinical practice that have significantly upgraded our approach to NET patients, both in diagnostic and in therapeutic options.
Design and Manipulation of Ferroic Domains in Complex Oxide Heterostructures

The current burst of device concepts based on nanoscale domain-control in magnetically and electrically ordered systems motivates us to review the recent development in the design of domain engineered oxide heterostructures. The improved ability to design and control advanced ferroic domain architectures came hand in hand with major advances in investigation capacity of nanoscale ferroic states. The new avenues offered by prototypical multiferroic materials, in which electric and magnetic orders coexist, are expanding beyond the canonical low-energy-consuming electrical control of a net magnetization. Domain pattern inversion, for instance, holds promises of increased functionalities. In this review, we first describe the recent development in the creation of controlled ferroelectric and multiferroic domain architectures in thin films and multilayers. We then present techniques for probing the domain state with a particular focus on non-invasive tools allowing the determination of buried ferroic states. Finally, we discuss the switching events and their domain analysis, providing critical insight into the evolution of device concepts involving multiferroic thin films and heterostructures.
Assessment of Adverse Events From the Patient Perspective in a Phase 3 Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial.

Importance Standard adverse event (AE) reporting in oncology clinical trials has historically relied on clinician grading, which prior research has shown can lead to underestimation of rates of symptomatic AEs. Industry sponsors are beginning to implement in trials the National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE), which was developed to allow patients to self-report symptomatic AEs and improve the quality of symptomatic AE detection. Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of implementing PRO-CTCAE in a prespecified correlative analysis of the phase 3 COMET-2 trial and enumerate statistically significant between-group differences in symptomatic AEs using PRO-CTCAE and the CTCAE. Design, Setting, and Participants This correlative study of 119 men in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 COMET-2 trial with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had undergone at least 2 prior lines of systemic treatment was conducted from March 2012 to July 2014. Participants completed PRO-CTCAE items using an automated telephone system from home prior to treatment and every 3 weeks during treatment. Statistical analysis was performed from May 2018 to June 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of patients who completed expected PRO-CTCAE self-reports was computed as a measure of feasibility. Results Among the 119 men in the study (median age, 65 years [range, 44-80 years]), 534 of 587 (91.0%) expected PRO-CTCAE self-reports were completed, with consistently high rates of completion throughout participation. Rates of self-report adherence were similar between groups (cabozantinib s-maleate, 286 of 317 [90.2%]; and mitoxantrone hydrochloride-prednisone, 248 of 270 [91.9%]). Of 12 measured, patient-reported PRO-CTCAE symptomatic AEs, 4 reached statistical significance when comparing the proportion of patients with at least 1 postbaseline score greater than 0 between groups (differences ranged from 20.1% to 34.1% with higher proportions in the cabozantinib group; all P < .05), and use of a method for accounting for preexisting symptoms at baseline yielded 7 AEs with statistically significant differences between groups (differences ranged from 20.5% to 41.2% with higher proportions in the cabozantinib group; all P < .05). In the same analysis using investigator-reported CTCAE data, no statistically significant differences were found between groups for any symptomatic AEs. Conclusions and Relevance PRO-CTCAE data collection was feasible and improved the accuracy of symptomatic AE detection in a phase 3 cancer trial. This analysis adds to mounting evidence of the feasibility and value of patient-reported AEs in oncology, which should be considered for inclusion in cancer trials that incorporate AE evaluation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01522443.
The acceptance of CIRS among orthopedic and trauma surgeons in Germany—Significant gap between positive perception and actual implementation in daily routine

Purpose: Medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States after malignant tumors and cardiovascular disease. Handling of errors becomes more and more eclectic due to the implementation of incident reporting systems and the use of checklists. Since 2015, any German hospital would have a critical incident reporting system (CIRS). The aim of this study is to discover the nationwide utilization and attitude toward CIRS of orthopedic and trauma surgeons. Methods: Between April 10, 2015 and May 22, 2015, a web-based questionnaire, which was designed by an expert team consisting of orthopedic and trauma surgeons, aeronautic human factors specialists, and psychologists (Lufthansa Aviation Training), was sent to all members of the German Society for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery. The survey consisted of three questions regarding CIRS and its use in German hospitals. Results: A total of 669 orthopedic and trauma surgeons working in German hospitals completed the questionnaire. All participants rated CIRS as useful, although 71.3% of participants did not report a critical incident in the last 12 months. In that time period, only 13.4% of participating residents reported at least one incident, but 44.7% of chief physicians reported one incident within the same period. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that even though CIRS as a tool is positively appreciated by orthopedic and trauma surgeons working in German hospitals, many do not know about its existence at their own hospital. This can be a reason for the low number of critical incidents reported.
Artificial Intelligence based Solutions for Cooperative Mobile Robots

This paper presents the way some Artificial Intelligence techniques can contribute to obtaining an efficient solution for a cooperative robotic problem. Based on certain abstraction and sensing procedures the problem specification, the robots environment and their motion capabilities can be transposed to a finite state representation. The distributed nature of the considered application involving two robots and the reduced computation resources of individual robots conducted us to attaching robot deliberative components in an agent based implementation using a specialized software platform, namely JACK. The obtained multiagent system creates a framework for an approach that allows the interleaving of planning and execution. The agents apply an A* type bidirectional search to find the movement plan. The developed coordination protocol permits correct path generation even when the environment is changing while the robots are moving. The computational complexity of the proposed approach is low, and the system operation is supported by simulation experiments.
Comparative Event-related Potential Study of Performance in Visual Oddball Task in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, comorbid Autism and ADHD, and Neurotypical Children

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the comorbidity was excluded in DSM-IV (APA, 2000), DSM-5 (APA, 2013) does not preclude the concurrent diagnosis of ASD and ADHD (ASD+ADHD). This study aimed to understand distinctions in executive deficits among these conditions. We used analysis of reaction time (RT) and event-related potentials (ERP) during performance on oddball task with illusory figures. Participants were children (N = 18 per group) with ASD, ADHD, ASD+ADHD, and neurotypical controls (CNT). Analysis revealed that ASD and ASD+ADHD groups committed more errors and had higher omission error rates. Post-error RT in ASD and ASD+ADHD manifested as a post-error response speeding rather than normative RT slowing. The ASD and ASD+ADHD demonstrated an attenuated error-related negativity (ERN) as compared to ADHD and controls. The frontal N100 was enhanced to both target and nontarget figures in ASD and ASD+ADHD groups. Frontal ERPs had prolonged latencies in the ADHD as compared to other groups. The study confirmed the utility of using ERP to elucidate differences between ASD and ADHD and their impact in dual diagnosis. This information helps define the extent of overlap among these conditions both in terms of symptom expression and underlying neuropathology.
Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients of Western Maharashtra, India.

Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) imposes formidable burden on national health systems. Objectives This study aims to evaluate clinical profile and treatment outcome of drug resistant tuberculosis patients at tertiary care centre using a standardised treatment regimen (STR). Methods Retrospective analysis of 146 patients with DR-TB from Solapur district who were treated with STR from period of September 2012 to December 2014 was done. Statistical analysis of treatment outcome data was done to know predictors of treatment success of DR-TB. Results Out of total 146 bacteriologically proven cases of DR-TB, 95 were males and 51 females. 41% of patients were residents of Solapur city and the rest from different parts of Solapur district. Out of the 146 patients, 130 (89%) patients achieved sputum culture conversion within three months. Treatment outcome of these patients was as followstreatment success in 84 (58%), 20(14%) died, 28(19%) defaulted and failure in 14(9%) patients. Three predictors were identified for successful treatment outcome of DR-TB that include urban residence, patients with chest x-ray findings of moderately advanced disease and patients whose DR-TB status diagnosed by genexpert technology. Conclusion In resource-poor settings, well-designed STR under national programme provides satisfactory results.
IL6 Modulates the Immune Status of the Tumor Microenvironment to Facilitate Metastatic Colonization of Colorectal Cancer Cells

IL6 deficiency reduces colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver and augments the effector functions of CD8+ T cells. Data highlight that IL6 blockade may be a potential strategy for improving antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer. It is unknown as to how liver metastases are correlated with host immune status in colorectal cancer. In this study, we found that IL6, a proinflammatory cytokine produced in tumor-bearing states, promoted the metastatic colonization of colon cancer cells in association with dysfunctional antitumor immunity. In IL6-deficient mice, metastatic colonization of CT26 cells in the liver was reduced, and the antitumor effector function of CD8+ T cells, as well as IL12 production by CD11c+ dendritic cells, were augmented in vivo. IL6-deficient mice exhibited enhanced IFN-AR1–mediated type I interferon signaling, which upregulated PD-L1 and MHC class I expression on CT26 cells. In vivo injection of anti–PD-L1 effectively suppressed the metastatic colonization of CT26 cells in Il6−/− but not in Il6+/+ mice. Finally, we confirmed that colorectal cancer patients with low IL6 expression in their primary tumors showed prolonged disease-free survival. These findings suggest that IL6 may be a promising target for the treatment of metastasis in colorectal cancers by improving host immunity.
Infographics: In Support of Online Visual Learning

Many students have an improved ability to learn and remember when offered multi-modal content that includes text and visuals. Can infographics, illustrations that use graphic elements and text to present information, be incorporated into online classrooms to enhance student learning? To examine this question, the researcher created a causal comparative study utilizing infographics as weekly course content summaries. Based on quizzes and a post assessment, the study indicates that students perceived the infographics to be valuable, students utilized the infographics and students had preferences for infographic design. The following paper will present theories about visual learning, a description of this infographics-based learning experience including a review of literature, description of the study, study results, discussion and conclusions.
Self-Efficacy as the Mediator of the Relationship between Paternal Approval and Suicidal Ideation among Malaysian Adolescents

Suicide phenomenon among young generation has become a leading cause of death especially among adolescents. In Asian countries, suicidal rate is at an alarming state in which it has contributed around 60% of the world suicide cases. In order to prevent suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation need to be investigated as it happened prior any suicidal behavior. Thus, the aim of this research is to determine the relationships between paternal approval, selfefficacy and suicidal ideation among adolescents with self-efficacy as a mediator. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional research design where 682 adolescents aged between 14 – 17 years old were selected from different high school in Malaysia. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit the participants using self-administered questionnaires. The instruments used were Network of Relationships – Relationship Quality Version subscale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory. For analysis, Pearson’s Correlation and SPSS macro by Preacher and Hayes was used to test the objectives of this study. Results. Negative correlation was found between paternal approval and suicidal ideation as well as between self-efficacy and suicidal ideation. These findings implied that adolescents who gained more approval from their father and had a higher level of self-efficacy were less likely to have suicidal thoughts. On the other hand, positive correlation was found between paternal approval and self-efficacy which demonstrated that fathers who gave more approval to their children will develop children with higher sense of self-efficacy. For the mediation model, the relationship between paternal approval and adolescents’ suicidal ideation was successfully mediated by self-efficacy. The findings implied that paternal approval is important in adolescents’ life as it is able to increase adolescents’ self-efficacy which then is able to reduce the tendency of having suicidal thoughts. Conclusions. The current study has identified two important factors namely paternal approval and self-efficacy that were significantly correlated with adolescents’ suicidal ideation. Adolescents are less likely to develop suicide thoughts when their father imposes less restrictions and give more supports to what they want to do in life. Gaining high approval from fathers also helps in increasing adolescents’ level of self-efficacy. Therefore, intervention dealing with adolescents’ suicidal ideation should include parenting education for parents especially for fathers and also enhancing adolescents’ self-efficacy.