Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma Lipoproteins during Anti-Androgen Treatment by Estrogens or Orchidectomy in Men with Prostatic Carcinoma

The incidence of cardiovascular disease is lower in women than in men, but is raised in men with prostatic cancer treated with estrogens. Changes of the plasma lipoproteins are related to the development of ischaemic cardiovascular disease and can be brought about by hormonal treatment. We have therefore studied plasma lipoproteins during estrogen treatment and after orchidectomy. 16 patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with ethinyl estradiol daily by mouth and polyestradiol phosphate intramuscularly once a month. 15 other patients were treated by bilateral orchidectomy. Cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG), and phospholipid (PL) concentrations in plasma and in the very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions were determined before starting treatment and 2 weeks and 8 weeks later. In the estrogen treated group the mean plasma C concentration decreased by 14 and 10%, while the mean HLD-C increased by 23 and 53%, and the mean LDL-C decreased by 24 and 25% at 2 and 8 weeks respectively. The mean PL concentration in HDL increased by 36 and 79% while that in LDL decreased by 12 and 18%. The mean plasma TG concentration was increased by 36 and 46%, mainly reflecting a rise of TG in the HDL-LDL fraction. Orchidectomy created only slight changes of plasma lipids. After 8 weeks the mean C concentration in plasma was raised by 10% and the mean PL concentration by 11%, owing to a 13% rise in the mean HDL-PL level. The changes in plasma lipoprotein pattern created by high doses of estrogens are mainly thought to protect against the development of atherosclerosis. The slight changes that take place after orchidectomy can hardly affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is the third-largest country in the Middle East by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the third-largest Arab country. It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman in the southeast, and Yemen in the south. It is also connected to Bahrain by the King Fahad Causeway. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. The size of Saudi Arabia is approximately 2,149,690 square kilometers (830,000 sq mi). The total population is 27,136,977 as of the April 2010 census (18,707,576 Saudi nationals and 8,429,401 non-nationals). Until the 1960s, most of the population was nomadic or semi nomadic; due to rapid economic and urban growth, more than 95% of the population is now settled. Some cities and oases have densities of more than 1,000 people per square kilometer (2,600/mile2). Saudi Arabia's population is characterized by rapid growth and a large cohort of youth.
Lack of Correlation between In Vitro Inhibition of CYP3A‐Mediated Metabolism by a PPAR‐γ Agonist and Its Effect on the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam, an In Vivo Probe of CYP3A Activity

RG 12525 (2‐[[4‐[[2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐ylmethyl)phenyl]meth‐oxy]phenoxy]methyl] quinolone) is a novel peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) agonist. In vitro microsomal inhibition assays indicated that RG 12525 is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, with a Ki value of 0.5 μM. With the conservative assumption that the total plasma concentration of drug was available to metabolic enzymes following RG 12525 oral administration, marked inhibition of CYP3A4 was expected to substantially reduce the systemic clearance of compounds metabolized by this enzyme. The possibility also existed for inhibition of intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4 by RG 12525 to reduce “first‐pass” metabolism and increase absolute bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates orally coadministered. Consequently, an in vivo drug‐drug interaction study was performed to evaluate the effects of orally administered RG 12525 on in vivo CYP3A4 activity in healthy male subjects. The pharmacokinetics of oral midazolam, a probe for intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity, was not influenced by either the low (100 mg qd for 4 days) or high (600 mg qd for 4 days)RG 12525 dosing regimen despite the resulting total plasma concentrations of inhibitor that were well above in vitro Ki values. The point estimates and 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of mean midazolam AUC for subjects administered 100 mg RG 12525 (110.6; 98.7–124.1) and 600 mg RG 12525 (98.4; 84.4–114.7) versus midazolam alone were within 80% to 125%. To explain these results, factors that could limit the accuracy of in vitro models in predicting metabolic drug interactions, mainly the high degree of RG 12525 protein binding (> 99.9%), were considered. The lack of correlation between the in vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 by RG 12525 and the inconsequential effects of this compound on midazolam pharmacokinetics accentuate the need to recognize factors other than plasma drug concentrations and potency of in vitro enzyme inhibition when extrapolating in vitro data to predict in vivo drug‐drug interactions.
Power Spectral Analysis of Variations in Heart Rate in Patients with Hyperthyroidism of Hypothyroidism

Power spectral analysis (PSA) of the variation in heart rate is useful in determining the relative activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. In this study, PSA was used to investigate the relationship between abnormalities in autonomic nerve function and the presence of thyroid disorders in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The low frequency (LF) or high frequency (HF) components of R-R variations were determined by PSA. The coefficient of variation of the R-R time intervals (CV(R-R)) was positively correlated with HF in healthy subjects. In untreated hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease, the CV(R-R) and HF values were significantly lower than in healthy controls. Moreover, the LF/HF ratio in patients with untreated Graves' disease was significantly higher, and the LF/HF ratio in hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was significantly lower than in healthy controls. A negative correlation was observed between serum levels of free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) and HF in Graves' disease patients. In some hyperthyroid patients, antithyroid drug therapy or beta-blocker administration gradually restored reduced HF values. Present results suggest that relative vagal nerve activity is reduced in hyperthyroid patients and that this reduction is reversible according to the decrease in serum levels of thyroid hormones.
Metal–Organic Framework Coatings as Cytoprotective Exoskeletons for Living Cells

The biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic framework (MOF) material on living cells is reported. ZIF-8 can be crystallized on a living cell surface as an exoskeleton that offers physical protection while allowing transport of essential nutrients, thus maintaining cell viability. The MOF shell prevents cell division, leading to an artificially induced pseudo-hibernation state. Cellular functions can be fully restored upon MOF removal.
Genomewide SNP variation reveals relationships among landraces and modern varieties of rice

Rice, the primary source of dietary calories for half of humanity, is the first crop plant for which a high-quality reference genome sequence from a single variety was produced. We used resequencing microarrays to interrogate 100 Mb of the unique fraction of the reference genome for 20 diverse varieties and landraces that capture the impressive genotypic and phenotypic diversity of domesticated rice. Here, we report the distribution of 160,000 nonredundant SNPs. Introgression patterns of shared SNPs revealed the breeding history and relationships among the 20 varieties; some introgressed regions are associated with agronomic traits that mark major milestones in rice improvement. These comprehensive SNP data provide a foundation for deep exploration of rice diversity and gene–trait relationships and their use for future rice improvement.
Intra-caecal fermentation parameters in ponies fed botanically diverse ® bre-based diets

Intra-caecal fermentation parameters in caecally ®stulated ponies offered ®brous diets of diverse botanical origin were examined in two experiments, A and B. In Experiment A three ponies were offered ca. 4 kg dry matter (DM) per day of either ground, pelleted hay cubes (HC), a 67:33 mix of oat hulls:naked oats (OH:NO) or a 75:25 mix of unmolassed:molassed sugar beet feed (SBF), whilst in Experiment B the same ponies were offered ca. 4 kg DM of a 50:50 mix of unmolassed sugar beet:hay cubes (USB:HC). In Experiment A, DM intakes (kg per day) were 3.75, 4.03 and 1.72; (S.E.D. 0.26) for the HC, OHNO and SBF diets, respectively, and in Experiment B, average intakes were 4.03 kg per day. (S.E. 0.03). Intra-caecal fermentation parameters were measured in samples of caecal chyme obtained via a permanent in-dwelling caecal ®stula. During the three 5-day collection periods, samples were removed 5 h after the morning feed on days 2, 3, 4 and 5; and on Day 4 of each collection period hourly samples were obtained commencing 1 h after the morning feed and ceasing 7 h later. In both experiments, each diet maintained the intra-caecal pH above 6.5 and molar proportions of acetate above 700 mmol molÿ1 throughout the 8 h measurement period. When the entire diet consisted of SBF, voluntary feed intake was reduced, indicating that SBF should not be fed to ponies as the sole dietary ingredient. Each of the diets maintained caecal pH well above the critical level of pH 6, which is regarded as the threshold of sub-clinical caecal acidosis in equids. Thus, these three ®bre-based feeds can be incorporated into equine diets, Animal Feed Science and Technology
Ameloblastoma: a clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic analysis of 71 cases.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of 71 intraosseous ameloblastomas. STUDY DESIGN Data with respect to the patients' ages, sex, tumor locations, and surgical treatment history, as well as the radiographic findings and number of recurrences, were analyzed. The histologic types of and radiologic findings regarding tumors with higher recurrence rates were also investigated. RESULTS The patients' ages at biopsy ranged from 11 to 70 years (mean, 30.4 years). Thirty-nine (54.9%) of the 71 subjects were males, and 32 (45.1%) were females. Sixty-two (87.3%) of the 71 ameloblastomas were located in the mandible. Swelling was the most common symptom and was experienced by 27 (38.0%) patients. Radiographically, 42 (59.2%) of the 71 tumors were unilocular with a well-demarcated border. Of the remaining 29 cases, 14 were multilocular, 2 were of soap-bubble shape, and 13 were unknown in appearance. The most common histologic pattern was plexiform, rather than follicular or acanthomatous. Sixteen cases of ameloblastoma had developed in a cyst. The overall recurrence rate was 21.1%, and the average age of the patient at recurrence was 26.4 years. CONCLUSIONS When the diagnosis of ameloblastoma in young people remains in doubt after clinical and radiologic examination, a biopsy is necessary. Long-term follow-up at regular intervals after surgery is also recommended.
Single node recursions in Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Controller

In this paper the analysis of possible implementations of single node recursions in Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Controller has been made. By single node recursions we mean using as additional input signal for certain nodes being functions of this nodes existing signals from previous algorithm iterations. Papers presents ANFC structure and possible recursions implementations. Theoretical considerations are followed by simulation experiments using Sim Power System library and Matlab - Simulink software. As control object cascade control structure for DC motor system has been modeled.
Impact of ABO-identical vs ABO-compatible nonidentical plasma transfusion in trauma patients.

HYPOTHESIS Exposure to ABO-compatible nonidentical plasma will result in worse outcomes than transfusion with ABO-identical plasma only. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Level I trauma center. PATIENTS All patients requiring plasma (from 2000-2008) were identified. Propensity scores were used to match patients exposed to ABO-compatible plasma with those receiving exclusively ABO-identical plasma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality and complications (acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), sepsis, renal failure, and liver failure). RESULTS A total of 284 patients who received ABO-compatible nonidentical plasma were matched 1:1 with patients who received ABO-identical plasma only (230 group O, 39 A, and 15 B). ABO-compatible plasma did not affect mortality (35.2% vs 33.5%, P = .66). However, the overall complication rate was significantly higher for patients receiving ABO-compatible plasma (53.5% vs 40.5%, P = .002). The ARDS and sepsis rates were also significantly increased (19.4% vs 9.2%, P = .001, and 38.0% vs 28.9%, P = .02, respectively). As the volume of ABO-compatible plasma infused increased, a stepwise increase in complications was seen, reaching 70.0% for patients receiving more than 6 U. Patients receiving more than 6 U also had a 4-fold increase in ARDS. All recipient blood groups had an increase in overall complications, ARDS, and sepsis with exposure. This was significant for group O recipients with a higher risk of overall complications and ARDS (50.9% vs 40.0%, P = .03, and 17.4% vs 7.8%, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ABO-compatible plasma results in an increase in overall complications, in particular ARDS and sepsis. There is a stepwise increase in the complication rate as exposure increases. Further prospective evaluation of the impact of limiting factor replacement to ABO-identical plasma only is warranted.
The role of autophagy during coxsackievirus infection of neural progenitor and stem cells

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has previously been shown to utilize autophagy in an advantageous manner during the course of infection of the host cell. However, few studies have determined whether stem cells induce autophagy in a similar fashion, and whether virus-induced autophagy occurs following infection of stem cells. Therefore, we compared the induction of autophagy following CVB3 infection of neural progenitor and stem cells (NPSCs), which we have recently shown to be highly susceptible to CVB3 infection, to HL-1 cells, a transformed cardiomyocyte cell line. As previously demonstrated for other susceptible host cells, HL-1 cells showed an increase in the activity of autophagic signaling following infection with a CVB3 expressing dsRed protein (dsRed-CVB3). Furthermore, viral titers in HL-1 cells increased in the presence of an inducer of autophagy (CCPA), while viral titers decreased in the presence of an inhibitor of autophagy (3-MA). In contrast, no change in autophagic signaling was seen in NPSCs following infection with dsRed-CVB3. Also, basal levels of autophagy in NPSCs were found to be highly elevated in comparison to HL-1 cells. Autophagy could be induced in NPSCs in the presence of rapamycin without altering levels of dsRed-CVB3 replication. In differentiated NPSC precursors, autophagy was activated during the differentiation process, and a decrease in autophagic signaling was observed within all three CNS lineages following dsRed-CVB3 infection. Hence, we conclude that the role of autophagy in modulating CVB3 replication appears cell type-specific, and stem cells may uniquely regulate autophagy in response to infection.
Water Vapor Pressure Model for Cloud Vertical Structure Detection in Tropical Region

A new method using water vapor pressure (WVP) from a radiosonde profile to determine the cloud vertical structure for the tropical region is proposed in this paper. This includes both the cloud base height and the cloud occurrences at different levels in the atmosphere. Our study shows that the presence of clouds depends on the following criterion: the measured WVP is larger than the critical WVP at the same level. The applicable level is found to be within the range of 300-12 000 m. The estimated cloud vertical structure using the proposed method is compared with the Salonen and Uppala (SU) model, the ceilometer data, and two kinds of meteorological observation data, namely, SYNOP and METAR. The proposed model shows a higher accuracy level of prediction of the cloud vertical structure as compared with the existing SU model.
Reconstructing sickle cell disease: A data‐based analysis of the “hyperhemolysis paradigm” for pulmonary hypertension from the perspective of evidence‐based medicine

The “hyperhemolytic paradigm” (HHP) posits that hemolysis in sickle disease sequentially and causally establishes increased cell‐free plasma Hb, consumption of NO, a state of NO biodeficiency, endothelial dysfunction, and a high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension. The basic science underpinning this concept has added an important facet to the complexity of vascular pathobiology in sickle disease, and clinical research has identified worrisome clinical issues. However, this critique identifies and explains a number of significant concerns about the various HHP component tenets. In addressing these issues, this report presents: a very brief history of the HHP, an integrated synthesis of mechanisms underlying sickle hemolysis, a review of the evidentiary value of hemolysis biomarkers, an examination of evidence bearing on existence of a hyperhemolytic subgroup, and a series of questions that should naturally be applied to the HHP if it is examined using critical thinking skills, the fundamental basis of evidence‐based medicine. The veracity of different HHP tenets is found to vary from true, to weakly supported, to demonstrably false. The thesis is developed that the HHP has misidentified the mechanism and clinical significance of its findings. The extant research questions identified by these analyses are delineated, and a conservative, evidence‐based approach is suggested for application in clinical medicine. Am. J. Hematol. 86:123–154, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salmonella Typhimurium utilizes a T6SS-mediated antibacterial weapon to establish in the host gut

Significance Gram-negative bacteria use the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to deliver effectors into adjacent cells. Salmonella Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen that causes disease in millions of individuals each year. Its ability to infect the mammalian gut is a key factor that contributes to its virulence and transmission to new hosts. However, many of the details on how Salmonella successfully colonizes the gut and persists among members of the gut microbiota remain to be deciphered. In this work, we provide evidence that Salmonella uses an antibacterial weapon, the type VI secretion system, to establish infection in the gut. In addition, our results suggest that S. Typhimurium selectively targets specific members of the microbiota to invade the gastrointestinal tract. The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a high-density polymicrobial community where bacteria compete for niches and resources. One key competition strategy includes cell contact-dependent mechanisms of interbacterial antagonism, such as the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a multiprotein needle-like apparatus that injects effector proteins into prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic target cells. However, the contribution of T6SS antibacterial activity during pathogen invasion of the gut has not been demonstrated. We report that successful establishment in the gut by the enteropathogenic bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires a T6SS encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island-6 (SPI-6). In an in vitro setting, we demonstrate that bile salts increase SPI-6 antibacterial activity and that S. Typhimurium kills commensal bacteria in a T6SS-dependent manner. Furthermore, we provide evidence that one of the two T6SS nanotube subunits, Hcp1, is required for killing Klebsiella oxytoca in vitro and that this activity is mediated by the specific interaction of Hcp1 with the antibacterial amidase Tae4. Finally, we show that K. oxytoca is killed in the host gut in an Hcp1-dependent manner and that the T6SS antibacterial activity is essential for Salmonella to establish infection within the host gut. Our findings provide an example of pathogen T6SS-dependent killing of commensal bacteria as a mechanism to successfully colonize the host gut.
ConvNet Architecture Search for Spatiotemporal Feature Learning

Learning image representations with ConvNets by pre-training on ImageNet has proven useful across many visual understanding tasks including object detection, semantic segmentation, and image captioning. Although any image representation can be applied to video frames, a dedicated spatiotemporal representation is still vital in order to incorporate motion patterns that cannot be captured by appearance based models alone. This paper presents an empirical ConvNet architecture search for spatiotemporal feature learning, culminating in a deep 3-dimensional (3D) Residual ConvNet. Our proposed architecture outperforms C3D by a good margin on Sports-1M, UCF101, HMDB51, THUMOS14, and ASLAN while being 2 times faster at inference time, 2 times smaller in model size, and having a more compact representation.
Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling pathway in human colorectal carcinoma.

AIM Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors activated in response to cytokines and growth factors. Constitutive activation of Stat3 has been observed in a growing number of tumor-derived cell lines, as well as tumor specimens from human cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of p-Stat3, activated form of Stat3, and its downstream mediators including cyclin D1 and Bcl-x(L) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and to explore the possible mechanism of Stat3 signaling pathway in the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS Tissue samples from 45 patients of primary colorectal carcinoma were selected for studying Stat3 signaling pathway protein expression. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of p-Stat3, cyclin D1, and Bcl-x(L) proteins in colorectal carcinomas. Furthermore, the expression patterns of these proteins were analyzed for their distribution at the cellular level by immunohistochemical staining of the tissues. RESULTS Protein levels of p-Stat3, cyclin D1, and Bcl-x(L) were increased in colorectal carcinomas compared with adjacent normal mucosae (P<0.05). Elevated levels of p-Stat3 were correlated with the nodal metastasis and the stage (P<0.05). Overexpression of cyclin D1 was associated with the nodal metastasis (P<0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the expressions of p-Stat3 and cyclin D1 (r=0.382, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Constitutive activation of Stat3 may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma, and the detailed mechanism of Stat3 signaling pathway in CRC deserves further investigation.