Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Antigenic Regions Identified on IgG1Fc Using Bioinformatics vs Pepscan Analysis

Epitope mapping allowed the location of antigenic determinants on a protein macromolecule to be identified. In particular, pepscan techniques that utilize a series of overlapping peptides, help detect key amino acid residues that are important in antibody recognition and binding. In a previous study, we employed 15-mer peptides spanning the entire length of IgG1Fc to ascertain successfully the target epitopes of isotypic/allotypic monoclonal reagents. As an extension to this work we have used these peptides to evaluate the location of epitope targets of five IgM rheumatoid factor antibodies (RFAbs). Overall, 2 antibodies, RFAb TS2 and TS1, detected a similar epitope within the CH3 domain (360-KNQVSLTCLVKGFYP-374), whilst 1 (RFAb SJ1) recognised an epitope in the CH2 domain (294-EQYNSTYRVVSVLTV-308). In contrast, 2 RFAbs, PRSJ2 and PRTS1 detected four and five epitopes respectively within the Fc region. RFAb PRSJ2 recognised epitopes detected by RFAB TS2 and TS1 but also further epitopes in the CH2 domain (256-TPEVTCVVVDVSHED-270) and CH3 domain (418-QQGNVFSCSVMHEAL-432). Similarly, RFAb PRTS1 detected all four epitopes plus a fifth in the CH3 domain (382-ESNGQPENNYKTTPP-396). In essence there was a consensus of target epitopes identified by these rheumatoid factor antibodies. Interestingly, two epitopes (256–270, CH2 domain and 360–374, CH3 domain) were novel in that they had not been identified in previous pepscan studies. The other epitopes recognised, either overlapped or were immediately adjacent to previous epitopes detected by poly/monoclonal rheumatoid factor antibodies. Molecular modelling (PCImdad) of IgG1Fc showed that all five epitopes were exposed and surface accessible for antibody interaction. In addition, a bioinformatics analysis of the Fc region using ExPASy was employed to identify key antigenic determinants. This ‘in silico’ approach may provide a means of determining key regions without the need to develop overlapping peptides spanning the entire length of a macromolecule.
Maternal Perspectives on Deployment and Child–Mother Relationships in Military Families

Using survey data from 292 mothers married to members of the U.S. military, the authors examined relations among military deployment factors, quality of maternal care, and child attachment behavior with the mother. The results revealed that maternal perceptions of quality of care, mothers' depressive symptoms, and fathers' involvement when not deployed were significantly associated with children's attachment behavior. In addition, fathers' combat exposure was negatively associated with children's attachment behavior. Mothers' quality of care partially mediated the association between fathers' involvement and children's attachment behavior as well as the association between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's attachment behavior. A notable finding of this study was that deployment-related factors were both directly and indirectly related to children's attachment.
The Effect of the Experience Corps

A randomized field trial involving 883 students at 23 schools in three urban cities assessed the effectiveness of Experience Corps (EC), a program that places older adult volunteers in elementary schools to tutor students who are poor readers. Students were assessed at the beginning and end of the academic year with standardized reading measures. Program effects were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to adjust for clustering effects. Findings demonstrated that EC students made statistically greater gains over the academic year on passage comprehension and grade-specific reading skills. The gains were stronger for students who received at least 35 tutoring sessions. These findings indicate that older community volunteers can be effectively deployed to improve reading achievement in low income, ethnic minority children who are at risk of reading failure.
Cougar predation on bighorn sheep in southwestern Alberta during winter

Predation by cougars (Puma concolor) upon bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) was studied in southwestern Alberta during winters from 1985–1986 to 1993–1994. We examined 320 kills and found that ungulates provided >99% of the biomass consumed by cougars in November–April. All ungulate species found within the study area were taken by cougars. Predation on bighorn sheep varied greatly from year to year; cougars were known to kill 0–13% of the November sheep population, and 0–57% of over-winter sheep mortality consisted of known cougar kills. Of 29 bighorns killed by cougars, 13 were lambs. The remainder ranged in age from 1 to 17 years and included 9 ewes and 7 rams. Cougar predation on bighorn sheep appears to be largely an individual, learned behaviour; most cougars rarely killed sheep, but some preyed heavily upon them. One female killed 9% of the population and 26% of the lambs over a single winter. For mountain-dwelling ungulates that occur in small groups, the presence of one or a few individual speciali.
Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Perceived organizational support is playing a crucial role in management to boost up employees’ confidence and it’s a motivational mechanism to make your employees loyal with organization. This study investigated the influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in banking and education sector of Pakistan. For data collection, questionnaire survey used. Sample of 250 respondents received by using non probability convenient sampling technique within a period of two months. Results illustrate that perceived organizational support has positive and strong influence and positive correlation with Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Moreover, this research bestow the just round the corner and guidance to the management of education and banking sector that by providing rational and moderately good organizational support to employees, the competence of these sectors can be improved. At the last of this article, limitations of research, implications and suggestions for further research have also been included.
The impact of voluntary disclosures by targets on takeover outcomes

This paper analyzes the effect of voluntary disclosures made by target firms on the outcome of the takeover. The empirical analysis confirms this prediction by showing that positive earnings forecasts by target firms during takeover events increase the probability of takeover failure. This is consistent and adds to the earlier evidence that shows information dissemination by target firms through voluntary disclosures affects offer prices and so takeover dynamics in general.
The Case for Nietzschean Moral Psychology

This chapter (co-authored with Joshua Knobe) reviews a vast body of evidence from empirical psychology—for example, concerning the role of conscious decision in behavior, and the relative influence of heritability versus upbringing on character traits—demonstrating the superiority of Nietzsche’s moral psychology, as defended throughout the book, to the moral psychologies associated with Aristotle and Kant, which are based on false and often fantastic assumptions about human psychology.
Abundance and stability of populations of a chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), on common nighthawks, Chordeiles minor (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae) in Manitoba, Canada

Abstract Populations of the chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), were investigated on its host the common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Aves: Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), from 1992 to 2013 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The louse was present in all but one year with an annual prevalence of 0.52, mean intensity of 16 lice per infested bird, a ratio of 0.81 males and 1.89 nymphs to female (n=178). Intensity was the same in the first 11 and last nine years of the study, but prevalence dropped from 0.59 to 0.34 between the two decades. Population variability for annual abundance, measured as PV, was 0.49. In August, adults and newly fledged nighthawks had a prevalence of infestation similar to the adults that immigrated in the spring, but mean intensity did not reach spring levels until September–October. Samples of hosts were small in some years, reducing the precision of parameter estimates, particularly those based on ratios. The population parameters for M. macrocephalus on a native migrant host were intermediate in the ranges of parameters for four species of lice on non-migratory, introduced feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), but the distributions of M. macrocephalus among nighthawks was less severely aggregated than those from pigeons.
Personality Characteristics, Self-esteem and Attachment Styles As Predictors for Demand/Withdraw Marital Communicational Cycle

Demand/withdraw is a marital communicational pattern in which one spouse requests lovely behaviors, nags or complains while the other spouse avoids or withdraws. Given the fact that demand/withdraw has been repeatedly linked to marital discord, it is important to understand why couples engage in such a seemingly dissatisfying conflict pattern. The purpose of this research was to determine the predicting factors of demand/withdraw. The research method was regression and the variables were attachment styles, five factor personality characteristics and self- esteem. The group members consisted 175 couples (350 people). The results showed that among all variables, neuroticism, anxious attachment style and agreeableness were significant predictors for demand/withdraw pattern. It showed that the increasing in anxious attachment style and neuroticism, and decreasing in agreeableness can lead to
Changes to land tenure and pastoral lease ownership in Western Australia’s central rangelands: implications for co-operative, landscape-scale management

The majority of arid and semiarid land in the Western Australian pastoral zone has a long history of livestock grazing within an extensive network of predominantly family-held pastoral leases. A variety of different groups have purchased pastoral leases in the last five decades and, for many, making a profit from pastoralism is no longer a priority. For the central rangelands of Western Australia, these groups have included: government agencies, who have purchased some 9% of pastoral leases by area; private conservation organisations (<1% purchased); aboriginal communities and groups (~7%); and mining companies (~13%). The purchases of pastoral leases by government agencies was designed to improve the conservation status of arid-zone ecosystems, and is the first step in a process of changing land tenure to a conservation reserve. This paper summarises the extent and other characteristics of these changes in land tenure and ownership of pastoral leases, and explores the implications for land management and conservation, stemming from these changes. It demonstrates that large areas of contiguous land with no or reduced domestic stocking can now be found in many parts of these rangelands, particularly in the Coolgardie, Yalgoo and Pilbara bio-regions, with some leaseholders actively managing land for the conservation of biodiversity and restoring sites degraded through past over-grazing. In some bio-regions, such land covers considerable proportions of sub-catchments, suggesting that broad-scale conservation management and restoration objectives may be realised. It is argued that to fully realise these objectives requires effective communication and co-ordination between land managers, including sharing of ideas, view-points and resources. In particular, mining companies, now major holders of pastoral leases in Western Australia, can play an important role in contributing to and even facilitating such objectives.
Mannanase production by Aspergillus niger USM F4 via solid substrate fermentation in a shallow tray using palm kernel cake as a substrate

Aims: A local fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger USM F4 produced high level of mannanase activity when cultivated in a shallow tray system (45 x 40 x 7 cm3) using palm kernel cake (PKC), an easily available cheap agricultural waste which are found abundantly in Malaysia. Methodology and Results: A range of 0.25 to 1.5 cm bed heights were investigated in tracking in the most suitable condition and maximum production of mannanase. The highest mannanase production of 918.68 U/g substrate was obtained on the fifth day of cultivation after using all the optimised cultural conditions that consisted of 400 g of PKC that equivalent to 0.50 cm of substrate thickness with the particle size of ≤ 0.5 mm, moisture content of 80% (w/w) with the addition of 2% (w/w) molasses as a carbon source and 4% (w/w) ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source, inoculums size of 1x107 spores/ml, with once at every 24 h of mixing frequency and cultivation temperature at room temperature 30±2 °C. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results obtained from this study showed that a shallow tray system was suitable to be used for getting highest enzyme production in SSF. Besides using a bigger volume of substrate, the correct substrate bed height is also important.
The immunohistochemistry study of lesions due to avian infectious bronchitis (Serotype 4/91) on different tissues in specific pathogen free chicks

Thirty specific pathogen free (SPF) 20-day-old chicks were inoculated by the intra- tracheal (n=15) or oral (n=15) routes with serotype 793/B of IBV, isolated of Iran. Two groups of 15 SPF chicks which as controls received PBS, either by the intra-tracheal or oral route. All the chicks were observed and examined daily for clinical signs. Each day for 5 days three chicks from each infected and control group were post-mortemed and examined pathological changes in the trachea, lungs, kidneys and intestines. Sections of these tissues were prepared, stained and examined microscopically for histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. Grossly, a small amount of clear mucus and slight congestion were found only in the lumen of the trachea and the lungs of the group chicks which were infected with IBV. The kidneys were pale and slightly enlarge. Immunohistochemical examination revealed similar changes in the kidneys of both groups of chicks infected by the intra-tracheal and oral routes. Viral antigens were detected in the infected cells. The viral antigens were apparent prior to the development of lesions and were detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells by 3 days post infection with IBV. The results of this study clearly indicate that IBV (serotype 793/B), isolated in Iran by Momayes et al. (2001), is capable of causing lesions in different tissues most severely in the kidneys of experimentally infected chicks. On the other hand, the serotype has a greater affinity and positive tropism for the kidney than to other tissues.
Ability transmission, endogenous fertility and educational subsidy

In this study, we attempt to investigate how educational subsidy, childcare allowance and family allowance affect economic growth and income distribution on the basis of simulation models which incorporate intergenerational ability transmission and endogenous fertility. The simulation results show that financial support for higher education can both increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, especially if the abilities of parent and child are closely correlated. In contrast with educational subsidy, raising childcare allowance or family allowance has limited impacts on growth and income inequality.
Intestinal Parasite And Nutritional Status Among School Children Of Mmiata -Anam, Anambra West Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

A survey of intestinal parasite and nutritional status among school children of Mmiata Anam Anambra State was carried out between June to December 2010. Stool samples were collected, questionnaire distributed and body mass index were checked using anthropometric method respectively from five hundred and eighty(580) School Children aged 3 – 18 years. The samples were transported using a transport media to our lady of Lourdes laboratory Ihiala for parasitological examination. Laboratory findings showed that 339 (58.5 o / o ) School Children were infected with one Parasite or the other. The body mass index (BMI) investigated showed that 397 (68.4 o / o ) were malnourished while 183 children (31.6 o / o ) were nourished. The highest prevalence could be attributed to factors such as poor environmental sanitation, contaminated food, poor personal hygiene, inadequate disposal facilities and poverty. Analysis of the data showed a significant variation (P > 0.05) in infection rate among the nourished and malnourished. This study establishes the parasite infection versus nutritional status of school children in Mmiata Anam, Anambra State Nigeria.
The effect of acetate Ringer's solution on inflammatory factors and NF-ÎºB signal pathway in the liver of hemorrhagic shock rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of resuscitation with acetated Ringer's solution during hemorrhagic shock (HS) on inflammatory factors and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in liver tissue. Methods: In this study, a rat HS model was established. HS rats received acetated Ringer's solution, lactated Ringer's solution and saline for fluid resuscitation. Inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10) for the evaluation of three kinds of resuscitation mfluid anti-inflammatory effect. Expression of proteins in NF-κB pathway was evaluated to elucidate the mechanism of acetated Ringer's solution in preventing HS-induced liver injury. Results: Although HS upregulated inflammatory response in liver tissue, acetated Ringer's solution t-treatment can inhibit the inflammation and improve liver injury. We also found that acetated ringer’s solution treatment attenuated HS-induced liver injury in NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: Acetated Ringer's solution may improve HS-induced liver injury. The mechanism of its action may be by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
The nexus Between the Growth of Microfinance Institutions and the Macroeconomic Context in Vietnam

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the development of the microfinance sector in Vietnam and to examine the link between microfinance institution development and domestic economic factors. Particularly after reviewing previous papers conducted all over the world, this paper examines the Vietnamese market by using five years (2010–2015) of data from Vietnamese microfinance institutions by using a descriptive statistical method. It was found that the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and gross loans portfolio more or less have a relation. Likewise, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow growth seems to have a link with asset development. This result also opens up several avenues for future research. Further studies could be performed to examine data with a quantitative method to test the results.
Involvement and Image Transfer in Sports Sponsorship

Due to the amount of money invested, sponsorships have become one of the most important marketing tools. It is essential to know the effectiveness of the invested money. This work proposes a model for image transfer between the sponsored entity and the sponsor. The goal is to measure the effect of the attitude toward the event on the purchase intention. In addition, it proposes segmenting and modelling sport consumer behaviour by their level of involvement with the event. Using Finite Mix Partial Least Square methods, two sample segments are achieved. The data were obtained with a web banner in an international tennis event. In conclusion, the least involved individuals do not process the image transfer effect as opposed to the individuals who are more involved. In the theoretical field, this paper includes segmentation by Finite Mix ever made in sponsorship research. Finally, attraction and involvement strategies are proposed in function of the characteristics for each of the variables in this model. For example, regular meetings for fans, autograph sittings and weekly chat sessions on the web site. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 27.1. 8536
a-Synuclein Causes Non-Specific Toxicity in vps34 Yeast

Summary �-Synuclein is implicated in Parkinson’s Disease, a neurodegenerative disease that destroys midbrain neurons. The misfolding and subsequent aggregation of this protein is the likely cause of cell death. A major hypothesis in the field is that increasing �-synuclein’s rate of degradation may prevent its aggregation and toxicity. The prevalent model for �-synuclein degradation is via the proteasome , and malfunctions in this pathway have been shown to increase �-synuclein accumulation and toxicity. However, increasing evidence suggests that the Multivesicular Body (MVB) sorting pathway is involved in protein degradation via the lysosome. To test the role of the MVB sorting pathway for the degradation of wild-type and mutant �-synucleins, we asked if �-synuclein would accumulate and increase toxicity in yeast that lacked one of the MVB proteins. Previously, Price and Shrestha showed that the absence of vps28 , an MVB protein caused toxicity in yeast expressing �-synuclein (Eukaryon). We tested another protein, vps34 , a PI 3-kinase acting upstream in the proteins involved in the MVB pathway. The absence of vps34 was toxic to yeast and this toxicity was severely exacerbated in the presence of any foreign protein, including �synuclein. Future research will examine several other essential lysosomal pathway factors in mediating �-synuclein toxicity.
Holocene trends in the foraminifer record from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract. The early to mid-Holocene thermal optimum is a well-known feature in a wide variety of paleoclimate archives from the Northern Hemisphere. Reconstructed summer temperature anomalies from across northern Europe show a clear maximum around 6000 years before present (6 ka). For the marine realm, Holocene trends in sea-surface temperature reconstructions for the North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea do not exhibit a consistent pattern of early to mid-Holocene warmth. Sea-surface temperature records based on alkenones and diatoms generally show the existence of a warm early to mid-Holocene optimum. In contrast, several foraminifer and radiolarian based temperature records from the North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea show a cool mid-Holocene anomaly and a trend towards warmer temperatures in the late Holocene. In this paper, we revisit the foraminifer record from the Voring Plateau in the Norwegian Sea. We also compare this record with published foraminifer based temperature reconstructions from the North Atlantic and with modelled (CCSM3) upper ocean temperatures. Model results indicate that while the seasonal summer warming of the sea-surface was stronger during the mid-Holocene, sub-surface depths experienced a cooling. This hydrographic setting can explain the discrepancies between the Holocene trends exhibited by phytoplankton and zooplankton based temperature proxy records.
Quantitative spectral gap for thin groups of hyperbolic isometries

Let $\Lambda$ be a subgroup of an arithmetic lattice in SO(n+1,1). The quotient $\mathbb{H}^{n+1} / \Lambda$ has a natural family of congruence covers corresponding to primes in some ring of integers. We establish a super-strong approximation result for Zariski-dense $\Lambda$ with some additional regularity and thickness properties. Concretely, this asserts a quantitative spectral gap for the Laplacian operators on the congruence covers. This generalizes results of Sarnak and Xue (1991) and Gamburd (2002).