Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 6-PACK programme to decrease falls and fall-related injuries in acute hospitals: protocol for an economic evaluation alongside a cluster randomised controlled trial

Background Falls are a common hospital occurrence complicating the care of patients. From an economic perspective, the impact of in-hospital falls and related injuries is substantial. However, few studies have examined the economic implications of falls prevention interventions in an acute care setting. The 6-PACK programme is a targeted nurse delivered falls prevention programme designed specifically for acute hospital wards. It includes a risk assessment tool and six simple strategies that nurses apply to patients classified as high-risk by the tool. Objective To examine the incremental cost-effectiveness of the 6-PACK programme for the prevention of falls and fall-related injuries, compared with usual care practice, from an acute hospital perspective. Methods and design The 6-PACK project is a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) that includes 24 acute medical and surgical wards from six hospitals in Australia to investigate the efficacy of the 6-PACK programme. This economic evaluation will be conducted alongside the 6-PACK cluster RCT. Outcome and hospitalisation cost data will be prospectively collected on approximately 16 000 patients admitted to the participating wards during the 12-month trial period. The results of the economic evaluation will be expressed as ‘cost or saving per fall prevented’ and ‘cost or saving per fall-related injury prevented’ calculated from differences in mean costs and effects in the intervention and control groups, to generate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Discussion This economic evaluation will provide an opportunity to explore the cost-effectiveness of a targeted nurse delivered falls prevention programme for reducing in-hospital falls and fall-related injuries. This protocol provides a detailed statement of a planned economic evaluation conducted alongside a cluster RCT to investigate the efficacy of the 6-PACK programme to prevent falls and fall-related injuries. Trial registration number The protocol for the cluster RCT is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000332921).
The Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Malaria during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Moreover, malaria is increasingly associated with unwanted pregnancy outcomes such as an increased risk of abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery, and low-birthweight infants. Since pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria, implementation of the appropriate prevention and control measures among this group is very important. Therefore, the current review was designed to assess the prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis we have followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and Science Direct literature. Search terms used were “prevalence”, “malaria”, “pregnant women”, and “Ethiopia”. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. The pooled meta-logistic regression was computed to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Result Among a total of 10207 studies, seven studies were included in this analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 12.72% (95% CI: 7.45, 17.98). In subgroup analysis, the prevalence of malaria showed a significant variation between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, which was 7.83% (95% CI: 2.23, 13.43) and 17.97% (95% CI: 7.31, 28.92), respectively. Conclusion The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was found to be relatively higher compared with the general population. Therefore, the existing prevention and control measures should be strengthen.
Generalizations of Verheul's theorem to asymmetric pairings

For symmetric pairings $e : \mathbb{G} \times \mathbb{G} \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_T$, Verheul proved that the existence of an efficiently-computable isomorphism $\phi : \mathbb{G}_T \rightarrow \mathbb{G}$ implies that the Diffie-Hellman problems in $\mathbb{G}$ and $\mathbb{G}_T$ can be efficiently solved. In this paper, we explore the implications of the existence of efficiently-computable isomorphisms $\phi_1 : \mathbb{G}_T \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_1$ and $\phi_2 : \mathbb{G}_T \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_2$ for asymmetric pairings $e : \mathbb{G}_1 \times \mathbb{G}_2 \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_T$. We also give a simplified proof of Verheul's theorem.
Banking performance and the business cycle: empirical evidence from Greece

This study aims at enhancing our understanding on the factors that condition bank profitability in the context of the Greek banking sector. In this direction panel data analysis has been used and effectively applied on 17 Greek banks over the period 2004-2010.The results generated suggest that key variables - such as solvency, non-performing loans and cost-efficiency play an instrumental role in explaining banks' profits. The strength of a bank's balance sheet is among the primary indicators of solid performance whilst at the same time banks' profits or losses appear to be time persistent. Given the sample's diversity, it is not surprising that linkages between economic conditions and bank performance tend to be more evident at an aggregated, dynamic level. However, the results suggest that regaining profitability after a recession or a period of adverse economic conditions may prove a painful process, given the significance of business cycle variables in explaining banks' performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATOR ON CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE (Study at Bank Indonesia Period of 2008-2015)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pengaruh inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, dan cadangan devisa sebagai indikator makro ekonomi terhadap nilai tukar Rupiah baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua data yang dipublikasikan oleh Bank Indonesia tentang inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, cadangan devisa, dan nilai tukar Rupiah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah data bulanan dari Bank Indonesia tentang inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, cadangan devisa, dan nilai tukar Rupiah periode 2008-2015, dengan total sampel 96 per variabel. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS 21.0. Hasil uji simultan (uji F) dan parsial (uji t) menunjukan bahwa inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, dan cadangan devisa secara simultan dan parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai tukar Rupiah. Kata Kunci: Indikator Ekonomi Makro, Inflasi, Tingkat Suku Bunga, Cadangan Devisa, Nilai Tukar Rupiah. ABSTRACT The purposes of this research are to know and explain the influence of inflation, interest rate, and international currency reserve as macroeconomic indicator on IDR exchange rate either simultaneously or partially. Type of the research is explanatory research with descriptive quantitative approach. Population of this research is all of the data released by Bank Indonesia about inflation, interest rate, international currency reserve, and IDR exchange rate. Sample of this research is monthly report data from Bank Indonesia about inflation, interest rate, international currency reserve, and IDR exchange rate period of 2008-2015, with the total sample are 96 of each variables. Data analysis technique used multiple linear regression statistical analysis with the program of SPSS 21.0. Result of simulant test (F test) and partial test (t test) show that inflation, interest rate, and international currency reserve simultaneously and partially have significant influence on IDR exchange rate. Keyword: Macroeconomic Indicator, Inflation, Interest Rate, International Currency Reserve, IDR Exchange Rate
A Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Cardiac Segmentation in Short-Axis MRI

Automated cardiac segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging datasets is an essential step in the timely diagnosis and management of cardiac pathologies. We propose to tackle the problem of automated left and right ventricle segmentation through the application of a deep fully convolutional neural network architecture. Our model is efficiently trained end-to-end in a single learning stage from whole-image inputs and ground truths to make inference at every pixel. To our knowledge, this is the first application of a fully convolutional neural network architecture for pixel-wise labeling in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our model is robust to outperform previous fully automated methods across multiple evaluation measures on a range of cardiac datasets. Moreover, our model is fast and can leverage commodity compute resources such as the graphics processing unit to enable state-of-the-art cardiac segmentation at massive scales. The models and code are available at this https URL
Advantaged Group's Emotional Reactions to Intergroup Inequality: The Dynamics of Pride, Guilt, and Sympathy

Three studies establish intergroup inequality to investigate how it is emotionally experienced by the advantaged. Studies 1 and 2 examine psychology students' emotional experience of their unequal job situation with worse-off pedagogy students. When inequality is ingroup focused and legitimate, participants experience more pride. However, when inequality is ingroup focused and illegitimate, participants experience more guilt. Sympathy is increased when inequality is outgroup focused and illegitimate. These emotions have particular effects on behavioral tendencies. In Study 2 group-based pride predicts greater ingroup favoritism in a resource distribution task, whereas group-based sympathy predicts less ingroup favoritism. Study 3 replicates these findings in the context of students' willingness to let young immigrants take part in a university sport. Pride predicts less willingness to let immigrants take part whereas sympathy predicts greater willingness. Guilt is a weak predictor of behavioral tendencies in all studies. This shows the specificity of emotions experienced about intergroup inequality.
Lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine production in human monocytes: Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in transmembrane signal transduction

The signal transduction events that follow the binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the macrophage cell surface are not well defined. In the current studies LPS was found to induce alterations in phosphorylation of monocyte proteins on tyrosine. Herbimycin A and genistein, inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, markedly attenuated LPS‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) protein and mRNA production. Reciprocally, the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate enhanced LPS‐induced production of TNF‐α. LPS induced a concentration‐dependent increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, which paralleled and preceded the onset of LPS‐induced TNF‐α production. LPS stimulation had different but reproducible effects on three members of the src family of tyrosine kinases. Both Hck and Lyn kinase activity increased before the onset of TNF‐α production, consistent with their participation in the observed LPS‐induced tyrosine phosphoprotein accumulation. In contrast, Yes kinase activity was not affected. These observations were made at concentrations of LPS that required serum rich in LPS‐binding protein and the monocyte surface antigen CD14 for TNF‐α production. These data indicate that tyrosine kinases and phosphatases are involved in the signal transduction cascade by which LPS induces production of TNF‐α and IL‐6 by human monocytes, and suggest that Lyn and Hck are candidate participants in this process.
Hybrid Model to Detect Zero Quantized DCT Coefficients in H.264

In H.264 coding, there are a large number of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the prediction residue which are quantized to zeros. Therefore, it is desired to design a method which can early detect zero quantized DCT coefficients (ZQDCT) before implementing DCT and quantization (Q) and thus reduce redundant computations for H.264 coding. To achieve this, a hybrid model is proposed in this paper in order to predict ZQDCT coefficients. First, the Gaussian distribution is applied to study the integer DCT coefficients in H.264 and hence an adaptive scheme with multiple thresholds is derived to realize different types of DCT and Q implementations. Then the adaptive scheme is further optimized by considering a more efficient condition to sufficiently detect all-zero DCT blocks. As a result, a hybrid model is developed. Compared with other methods in the literature, the proposed hybrid model is able to detect more ZQDCT coefficients and hence reduce more computations for H.264 encoding. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed hybrid model can achieve the best performance in reducing computations and obtain almost the same rate-distortion (R-D) performance as the original encoder in the H.264 reference software JM9.5
Whole-body leucine turnover in adults on conventional treatment for hypopituitarism.

This study has investigated protein metabolism in adults with hypopituitarism before and after growth hormone (GH) replacement and in matched controls. Whole-body leucine turnover was measured in 16 GH-deficient adult hypopituitary patients (nine females and seven males) on standard thyroid, adrenal and sex hormone replacement and in 20 normal controls using primed continuous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine. In seven of the patients, leucine turnover was restudied following 6 months' treatment with biosynthetic human GH (0.025-0.05 IU/kg body wt daily, with the final dose determined by patient tolerance). Compared with normal controls, hypopituitary patients had significantly reduced leucine flux (mean +/- SD: 97.8 +/- 24.9 vs 131.0 +/- 23.0 mumol.h-1 x kg-1; p < 0.001), reduced leucine incorporation into protein (80.4 +/- 20.9 vs 108.8 +/- 19.6 mumol.h-1 x kg-1; p < 0.001) and reduced leucine oxidation (17.4 +/- 4.8 vs 22.2 +/- 8.1 mumol.h-1 x kg-1; p < 0.05). Leucine turnover was similar in male and female patients. In the patients, leucine flux correlated positively with body weight (rho = 0.51, p < 0.05) and leucine incorporation in protein correlated positively with lean body mass (rho = 0.55, p < 0.05) and in male patients leucine flux correlated positively with serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels (rho = 0.71, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed with age or duration of hypopituitarism. Growth hormone replacement therapy did not produce a uniform effect on leucine metabolism. Mean values of leucine flux, oxidation and incorporation into protein increased, although the differences were not statistically significant. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ligand deconstruction: Why some fragment binding positions are conserved and others are not

Significance Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD), in which initial screening is done with low-molecular-weight compounds called fragments, relies on the premise that the fragment binding mode will be conserved on subsequent expansion to a larger ligand. We describe a remarkably simple condition for fragment binding conservation that can be tested computationally. The condition can be used for detecting whether a protein is suitable for FBDD, for predicting the size of fragments required for screening, and for determining if a fragment hit can be extended into a higher affinity ligand. The findings also reveal general properties of binding sites, highlighting the role that critical interactions between anchor sites and anchor fragments play in protein–ligand interactions in general. Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) relies on the premise that the fragment binding mode will be conserved on subsequent expansion to a larger ligand. However, no general condition has been established to explain when fragment binding modes will be conserved. We show that a remarkably simple condition can be developed in terms of how fragments coincide with binding energy hot spots—regions of the protein where interactions with a ligand contribute substantial binding free energy—the locations of which can easily be determined computationally. Because a substantial fraction of the free energy of ligand binding comes from interacting with the residues in the energetically most important hot spot, a ligand moiety that sufficiently overlaps with this region will retain its location even when other parts of the ligand are removed. This hypothesis is supported by eight case studies. The condition helps identify whether a protein is suitable for FBDD, predicts the size of fragments required for screening, and determines whether a fragment hit can be extended into a higher affinity ligand. Our results show that ligand binding sites can usefully be thought of in terms of an anchor site, which is the top-ranked hot spot and dominates the free energy of binding, surrounded by a number of weaker satellite sites that confer improved affinity and selectivity for a particular ligand and that it is the intrinsic binding potential of the protein surface that determines whether it can serve as a robust binding site for a suitably optimized ligand.
The Churching of America, 1776-2005: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy

In The Churching of America, 1776-2005 Roger Finke and Rodney Stark once again revolutionize the way we think about religion in America. Extending the argument that the nation's religious environment acts as a free market economy, this extensively revised and expanded edition offers new research, statistics, and stories that document increased participation in religious groups in the twenty-first century. Adding to the thorough coverage of ""mainline"" religious groups, new chapters chart the remarkable development and growth of African American churches from the early nineteenth century forward. Finke and Stark show how, like other ""upstart sects,"" these churches openly competed for adherents and demonstrate how American norms of religious freedom allowed African American churches to construct organizational havens with little outside intervention. This edition also includes new sections on the ethnic religious communities of recent immigrants - stories that echo those told of ethnic religious enclaves in the nineteenth century. Bringing together timely new information and evidence, this provocative book insists, more than ever, on a major reevaluation of established ideas about American religious institutions. Written with lively prose, it will stir debate within church and academic communities, as well as among laypersons interested in the history of religion in America.
Reading practices in scholarly work: from articles and books to blogs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of reading in scholarly work among academics in Finland. This study analyzes readings from a variety of publication types including books, conference proceedings, research reports, magazines, newspapers, blogs, non-fiction and fiction. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was developed and distributed in Finland in 2016–2017 (n=528). Participants were asked their finding and use of scholarly information resources of all types. Findings Scholars read from a variety of publications. Different types of publications are read and used differently. Reading also varies between disciplines, ranks, work responsibilities and type of research performed. Research limitations/implications The study was a nationwide study of researchers in Finland; therefore, all findings are within the context of researchers in a single country. All results are self-reported; therefore, the authors assume but cannot be sure that respondents accurately recollect the specifics of their use of scholarly information. Practical implications The results of this study are relevant to publishers, research librarians, editors and others who serve consumers of scholarly information resources, design information products and services for those scholars, and seek to better understand the information needs and use of a variety of types of scholarly publications. Originality/value This study replicates previous studies in a variety of countries and provides a more up-to-date and single-country contextualized overview of how researchers find and use scholarly information in their work.
Crossbridge properties investigated by fast ramp stretching of activated frog muscle fibres

Very fast ramp stretches at 9.5–33 sarcomere lengths s−1 (l0s−1) stretching speed, 16–25 nm per half‐sarcomere (nm hs−1) amplitude were applied to activated intact frog muscle fibres at tetanus plateau, during the tetanus rise, during the isometric phase of relaxation and during isotonic shortening. Stretches produced an almost linear tension increase above the isometric level up to a peak, and fell to a lower value in spite of continued stretching, indicating that the fibre became suddenly very compliant. This suggests that peak tension (critical tension, Pc) represents the tension at which crossbridges are forcibly detached by the stretch. The ratio of Pc to the isometric tension at tetanus plateau (P0) was 2.37 ± 0.12 (s.e.m.). This ratio did not change significantly at lower tension (P) during the tetanus rise but decreased with time during the relaxation and increased with speed during isotonic shortening. At tetanus plateau Pc occurred when sarcomere elongation attained a critical length (Lc) of 10.98 ± 0.13 nm hs−1, independently of the stretching speed. Lc remained constant during the tetanus rise but decreased on the relaxation and increased during isotonic shortening. Length‐clamp experiments on the relaxation showed that the lower values of Pc/P ratio and Lc, were both due to the slow sarcomere stretching occurring during this phase. Our data show that Pc can be used as a measure of crossbridge number, while Lc is a measure of crossbridge mean extension. Accordingly, for a given tension, crossbridges on the isometric relaxation are fewer than during the rise, develop a greater individual force and have a greater mean extension, while during isotonic shortening crossbridges are in a greater number but develop a smaller individual force and have a smaller extension.
Political challenges in community-based ecotourism

ABSTRACT This paper applies the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) to explore the development of ecotourism in a Taiwanese community after a major earthquake. The study employs interviews with different NGO groups and residents, participant-observation and documentary analysis. Through a political economy lens, the study examines the social and political influences on, and the social and political consequences of, ecotourism development. Results reveal insights into political elements of the community asset base, calling for its inclusion in the existing model. The paper illustrates the challenges of ecotourism development and recognises the importance of attention to differing values if it is to be considered as a sustainable livelihood option in vulnerable communities. In particular we critique the positions of both existing power structures and NGOs, often envisioned as “experts” in the tourism governance process. In this case the imposition of various political values led to failures in inclusivity, particularly in terms of goal setting, empowerment, leadership, organisational fragmentation and benefit sharing, all of which are important principles of sustainability. Greater attention to the political nature of community-based tourism through the revised SLA model could reduce the many documented cases of hosts being merely objects of development, rather than active subjects.