Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A First Look at the Structure of the Wave Pouch during the 2009 PREDICT–GRIP Dry Runs over the Atlantic

AbstractIn support of the National Science Foundation Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-systems in the tropics (NSF PREDICT) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (NASA GRIP) dry run exercises and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Intensity Forecast Experiment (NOAA IFEX) during the 2009 hurricane season, a real-time wave-tracking algorithm and corresponding diagnostic analyses based on a recently proposed tropical cyclogenesis model were applied to tropical easterly waves over the Atlantic. The model emphasizes the importance of a Lagrangian recirculation region within a tropical-wave critical layer (the so-called pouch), where persistent deep convection and vorticity aggregation as well as column moistening are favored for tropical cyclogenesis. Distinct scenarios of hybrid wave–vortex evolution are highlighted. It was found that easterly waves without a pouch or with a shallow pouch did not develop. Although not all wav.
Accuracy of English Speakers Administering Word Recognition Score Tests in Mandarin

Accuracy of English Speakers Administering Word Recognition Score Tests in Mandarin Kaylene Barrett Polley Department of Communication Disorders Master of Science The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of English-speakers in determining the word recognition score of native Taiwan Mandarin-speakers. Digitally recorded Mandarin word lists were presented to 10 native Mandarin-speakers from Taiwan (five male, five female), from whom oral and written responses were collected. Oral responses were scored by 30 native English-speakers, 15 of which had no experience with Mandarin and 15 with two to three years of college-level Mandarin courses or equivalent knowledge of Mandarin. The judges who had experience with Mandarin were able to score the WRS tests with 97% accuracy (with scores ranging from 10% below to 4% above the actual score of the test). The judges without experience with Mandarin scored the WRS tests with 88.8% accuracy (with scores ranging from 34% below to 26% above the actual score of the test). An analysis of variance found that there was a significant difference between a judge’s knowledge of Mandarin and his or her ability to accurately score the oral responses. An inspection of the performance of the judges in respect to the five different Mandarin tones indicated that there are some tone combinations that are more difficult to score correctly than others. While it is apparent that tone combination may play a role in the ability to accurately score WRS words in Mandarin, the implications of this for a clinical setting are uncertain because words with these tone combinations were not heard often. Tone perception training for the judges or simply making clinicians aware of this difficulty in tone identification may be of benefit in overcoming this obstacle.
Integration assessment of regional yam markets in Ghana

World food price hikes in 2007/2008 and 2012 plunged several people into hunger and poverty in developing countries. The situation stimulated responses from policy makers in some of these countries by trying to boost local production of crops in which they are self-sufficient. Integrated agricultural marketing systems are needed in the process in order to ensure efficient distribution and improvement in welfare of all actors involved in the consumption and production chain. The food balance sheet for Ghana shows that the country is self-sufficient in root and tuber crops such as cassava and yam. The main objective of the study is to determine the extent to which regional yam markets are integrated. Using monthly wholesale price series from 2006 to 2013, the study assesses the integration dynamics between five regional yam markets in Ghana. From the consistent threshold autoregressive model of cointegration, the study found that regional yam markets in Ghana are integrated. Thus, prices between local markets (Kumasi, Tamale, Techiman and Wa) and the reference market (Accra) are interdependent on each other both in the long-run and short-run, although there were some evidences of unidirectional interdependence. The Kumasi-Accra, Tamale-Accra and Techiman-Accra market pairs exhibited asymmetric adjustments whiles Wa-Accra market pair exhibited a symmetric adjustment. From the impulse response estimations, we found that different time periods are required for equilibrium to be restored when there is a shock in one pair of the four market combinations considered. The speed of adjustments was also dependent on the direction (positive or negative) of the shock or deviation. Overall, adjustment periods range between 8 months to 27months with the minimum adjustment time occurring between Techiman-Accra. In some cases, price shocks were persistent and required a long time to adjust. The integration found between regional markets could be attributed to improvement in ICT tools, such as mobile phones, as has been noted in some reviewed studies. The high and persistent adjustment times recorded between some market pairs may however, be attributed to comparatively low value-to-volume ratio of yam compared to other market commodities. This makes the cost of transportation a major portion of its price setting.
Ice cloud microphysical trends observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

Abstract. We use the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) version 6 ice cloud property and thermodynamic phase retrievals to quantify variability and 14-year trends in ice cloud frequency, ice cloud top temperature (Tci), ice optical thickness (τi) and ice effective radius (rei). The trends in ice cloud properties are shown to be independent of trends in information content and χ2. Statistically significant decreases in ice frequency, τi, and ice water path (IWP) are found in the SH and NH extratropics, but trends are of much smaller magnitude and statistically insignificant in the tropics. However, statistically significant increases in rei are found in all three latitude bands. Perturbation experiments consistent with estimates of AIRS radiometric stability fall significantly short of explaining the observed trends in ice properties, averaging kernels, and χ2 trends. Values of rei are larger at the tops of opaque clouds and exhibit dependence on surface wind speed, column water vapour (CWV) and surface temperature (Tsfc) with changes up to 4–5 µm but are only 1.9 % of all ice clouds. Non-opaque clouds exhibit a much smaller change in rei with respect to CWV and Tsfc. Comparisons between DARDAR and AIRS suggest that rei is smallest for single-layer cirrus, larger for cirrus above weak convection, and largest for cirrus above strong convection at the same cloud top temperature. This behaviour is consistent with enhanced particle growth from radiative cooling above convection or large particle lofting from strong convection.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Extended [O iii]λ 5007 Emission in Nearby QSO2s: New Constraints on AGN Host Galaxy Interaction

We present a Hubble Space Telescope survey of extended [O iii] λ5007 emission for a sample of 12 nearby (z < 0.12), luminous Type 2 quasars (QSO2s), which we use to measure the extent and kinematics of their AGN-ionized gas. We find that the size of the observed [O iii] regions scale with luminosity in comparison to nearby, less luminous Seyfert galaxies and radially outflowing kinematics to exist in all targets. We report an average maximum outflow radius of ∼600 pc, with gas continuing to be kinematically influenced by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) out to an average radius of ∼1130 pc. These findings question the effectiveness of AGNs being capable of clearing material from their host bulge in the nearby universe and suggest that disruption of gas by AGN activity may prevent star formation without requiring evacuation. Additionally, we find a dichotomy in our targets when comparing [O iii] radial extent and nuclear FWHM, where QSO2s with compact [O iii] morphologies typically possess broader nuclear emission lines.
Analysis of the effect of ducted fan system variables on ventilation in an empty heading using CFD

irrespective of the type of mine and mining method, is divided into two broad branches, the primary ventilation and secondary or auxiliary ventilation. The primary ventilation is responsible for the total volumetric flow through the mine and the auxiliary ventilation is responsible for the ventilation of the development ends, production areas, and facilities disconnected from the main circuit with no through-ventilation connections. Auxiliary ventilation is the more difficult to achieve (Bise, 1996), and the disruption of this ventilation system is considered to be one of the primary factors contributing to methane and coal dust explosions (Creedy, 1996). A number of causalities have been recorded by many authors due to these explosions (Phillips and Brandt, 1995; Dubinski et al., 2011; Phillips, 2015). The ventilation of short headings, less than 10 m in depth, can be carried out without the use of any auxiliary equipment (Feroze and Phillips, 2015). However, for headings deeper than 10 m, auxiliary ventilation systems are required. These are generally classified into the three basic types, namely line brattice (LB) ventilation systems, ducted fan systems, and jet fans (Figures 1 through Figure 3 respectively). Ducted fan systems are also classified into three types, namely forcing, exhaust, and overlap. The decision to select a particular type of ducted fan system depends on the nature of the hazard (Pawinski and Roszkowski, 1985; McPherson, 1993). A ducted fan is generally installed on the intake side in the forcing configuration and on the return side in the exhaust configuration (Reed and Taylor, 2007). The forcing system of duct and fan consists of a line of ducting, to which a fan is connected to force air into the heading. It is usually used in mines with high methane hazards, and can effectively remove the methane hazard through dilution (Taylor et al., 1997). Szlazak et al. (2003) have shown that the methane concentration measured in headings is lower with the forcing system than with exhaust systems under the same ventilation and methane emission conditions. The high velocity of air helps in mixing the methane with air, which prevents it from settling on the roof and provides cooler air at the face (McPherson, 1993). Studies by Schultz (1993) and Kissell (2003) indicated that the proportion of fresh air reaching the face is 39.9% for the forcing system and 10% for the exhaust system. Torano et al. (2009) found these proportions to be 35% and 12%, respectively. The forcing system results in a positive gauge pressure, thus a cheaper and flexible duct can be used (AMC Consultants, 2005). In South African coal mines, forcing ducted fans generally are used. Analysis of the effect of ducted fan system variables on ventilation in an empty heading using CFD
A Survey of Corporate Governance

This article surveys research on corporate governance, with special attention to the importance of legal protection of investors and of ownership concentration in corporate governance systems around the world. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DEALS WITH the ways in which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investment. How do the suppliers of finance get managers to return some of the profits to them? How do they make sure that managers do not steal the capital they supply or invest it in bad projects? How do suppliers of finance control managers? At first glance, it is not entirely obvious why the suppliers of capital get anything back. After all, they part with their money, and have little to contribute to the enterprise afterward. The professional managers or entrepreneurs who run the firms might as well abscond with the money. Although they sometimes do, usually they do not. Most advanced market economies have solved the problem of corporate governance at least reasonably well, in that they have assured the flows of enormous amounts of capital to firms, and actual repatriation of profits to the providers of finance. But this does not imply that they have solved the corporate governance problem perfectly, or that the corporate governance mechanisms cannot be improved. In fact, the subject of corporate governance is of enormous practical impor
Expression of BCL2L12 in acute leukemia patients: Potential association with clinical and prognostic factors

Introduction: Apoptosis is an important mechanism in both physiological and pathological conditions. The BCL2 family of proteins plays a critical role in regulation of apoptotic cell death. Up and down regulation of BCL2-like 12 (BCL2L12), a new member of the BCL2 family, has been reported in several malignancies. However, the expression level of BCL2L12 rarely has been studied in leukemia. This study was designed to investigate the mRNA expression of BCL2L12 in patients with acute leukemia. Materials and methods: 90 patients with acute leukemia as case group and 90 healthy persons as controls, were participated this study. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Expression level of BCL2L12 mRNA was evaluated by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method and its association with clinical and laboratory findings was analyzed. Results: The expression of BCL2L12 mRNA was significantly lower in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases comparing the controls (P<0.001), while it was not significantly different in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples compared the control group. In addition, there were higher BCL2L12 level in females (than in males) and in patients with t(12;21) in ALL patients. There was no association between BCL2L12 expression level and other clinical and laboratory findings of AML patients. Conclusion: BCL2L12 seems play a role in the pathogenesis of ALL. Further studies with larger sample size is needed to clarify its probable impact on prognosis and therapeutic
Supervision and Evaluation: Teachers' Perspectives

The main goal of this research project is to enlighten teachers’ perceptions about supervision and evaluation. Therefore, the study focus dimensions on which supervision and evaluation differ and complement each other, as key functions of school organisation. The results show that teachers realize that supervision and evaluation are separate but complementary functions, requiring complex knowledge and skills, in order to improve teaching performance and promote teacher growth in schools, as learning communities. However, teachers point out the lack of supervisors with a solid training, capable of promoting high-quality teaching and effective professional development. Moreover, they add problems arisen by interpersonal relationship in peer evaluation, advocating external evaluators. Finally, the study demonstrates the imperative of cooperative work between schools and universities.
Epistemological Foundations for Neuroeconomics

Neuroeconomics is an emerging field crossing neuroscientific data, the use of brain-imaging tools, experimental and behavioral economics, and an attempt at a better understanding of the cognitive assumptions that underlie theoretical predictive economic models. In this paper the authors try two things: 1) To assess the epistemological biases that affect Neuroeconomics as it is currently done. A number of significant experiments are discussed in that perspective. 2) To imagine an original way - apart from what is already being done - to run experiments in brain-imaging that are relevant to the discussion of rationality assumptions at the core of economic theory.
Annealing effects on cathodoluminescence of zircon

Color cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircon from southern Malawi (MZ) show mottled yellow CL emissions on a dull luminescent background by the annealing below 600 °C, and relatively homogeneous blue emissions above 800 °C. CL spectroscopy of the samples reveals a change of the luminescent features with an annealing temperature, and explains a variation of their colors and luminance observed by a CL microscope. Emission bands at 310 and 380 nm in an ultraviolet (UV) to blue CL are assigned to intrinsic centers in host lattice, narrow peaks at 475 and 580 nm to Dy3+ impurity centers, and broad bands at 500 to 650 nm to Frenkel– type defects and SiOm groups. The former two show increases in emission intensities against annealing temperature, but the latter exhibits an increase in intensity up to 300 °C and a decrease above 300 to 700 °C. An increase in an annealing temperature leads to a reproduction of the intrinsic centers, which is responsible for an increase in UV–blue emission, in host lattice accompanied with a recrystallization from metamict state. An increase in the intensities of narrow peaks activated by Dy3+ impurities may result possibly from a recovery of ionization due to the self–radiation and an energy transfer of other REEs to Dy3+ activator. A gradual increase in yellow emission bands up to 300 °C might be caused by a migration of the hole around a thermally–instable lattice defect and/or activated impurities into a more stable site related to Frenkel–type defects and SiOm groups, whereas the yellow should be subsequently reduced due to an elimination of these defects.
The relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness in graduate-level counseling students

Research has established that individuals who provide personal therapy to others should have stable personal and professional lives, and possess a keen and accurate perception of wellness. Unfortunately, sometimes students pursuing careers in counseling and psychotherapy have unresolved psychological issues that, if unresolved, could later affect them in their professional lives. Thus, the purpose of the study was to understand psychological well-being and perceived wellness in a sample of graduate students ( N = 97) preparing to become counselors in a CACREP-accredited counseling program at a state university in Pennsylvania. It measured the participants' psychological well- being by the Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) and their perception of wellness by the Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness of counselors-in-training. The results of this study could have implications for additional problems such as the failure of self-care among counselors or the nonexistence or nonuse of adequate wellness assessment tools during counselor development. DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v3i2. 91
Influence of surface sealant on the translucency of composite resin: effect of immersion time and immersion media

This study evaluated the effect of surface sealant on the translucency of composite resin immersed in different solutions. The study involved the following materials: Charisma, Fortify and coffee, Coca-Cola®, tea and artificial saliva as solutions. Sixty-four specimens (n = 8) were manufactured and immersed in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1 °C. Samples were immersed in the solutions for three times a day and re-immersed in artificial saliva until the translucency readings. The measurements were carried out at nine times: T1 - 24 hours after specimen preparation, T2 - 24 hours after immersion in the solutions, T3 - 48 hours and T4 to T9 - 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively, after immersion. The translucency values were measured using a JOUAN device. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5%. The surface sealant was not able to protect the composite resin against staining, the coffee showed the strongest staining action, followed by tea and regarding immersion time, a significant alteration was noted in the translucency of composite resin after 21 days.
Using microsimulation to evaluate safety and operational implications of newer roundabout layouts for European road networks

“Standard” roundabouts, for example those designed in some European countries, can often be characterized by low levels of safety or capacity and a high degree of sustainability. Given the proliferation of newer layouts, it is of interest to explore whether design practices could be improved by capitalizing on the experience gained internationally. Operational aspects of some of these designs have been explored previously, but there is a need to compare both the operational and safety performance of new designs to that of standard roundabouts. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the safety and operational implications of various potential alternatives to the standard roundabouts that proliferate in Europe and elsewhere. Microsimulation is used to simulate traffic operations at roundabout layout alternatives at the same levels of volume to capacity (V/C) ratio and also with the same traffic flow. Operational performance measures include the common level of service parameters, while measures of safety are based initially on time to collision (TTC) values. Threshold values of TTC were then applied in defining conflicts that are used for crash-based safety evaluation by applying crash-conflict models estimated in published research. Interesting insights were revealed, suggesting that the newer layouts should be considered where warranted by cost-benefit considerations. Keywords: road safety; traffic simulation; roundabout design; sustainable-transport indicators
Turbulent dissolution of a vertical ice wall into homogeneous and stratified salty water

We present experimental results of the dissolution of a vertical ice wall in contact with homogeneous salty water. Dissolving velocities and interface conditions are measured over a range of ambient temperatures. The results are consistent with the experiments of Josberger and Martin [5] and are accurately predicted by the scaling model of Kerr and McConnochie [6]. When the salty water is stratified we find that both the dissolving velocity and interface temperature are significantly reduced.
Relative drifts and stability of satellite and ground-based stratospheric ozone profiles at NDACC lidar stations

Abstract. The long-term evolution of stratospheric ozone at different stations in the low and mid-latitudes is investigated. The analysis is performed by comparing the collocated profiles of ozone lidars, at the northern mid-latitudes (Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeisenberg, Haute-Provence Observatory, Tsukuba and Table Mountain Facility), tropics (Mauna Loa Observatory) and southern mid-latitudes (Lauder), with ozonesondes and space-borne sensors (SBUV(/2), SAGE II, HALOE, UARS MLS and Aura MLS), extracted around the stations. Relative differences are calculated to find biases and temporal drifts in the measurements. All measurement techniques show their best agreement with respect to the lidar at 20–40 km, where the differences and drifts are generally within ±5% and ±0.5% yr−1, respectively, at most stations. In addition, the stability of the long-term ozone observations (lidar, SBUV(/2), SAGE II and HALOE) is evaluated by the cross-comparison of each data set. In general, all lidars and SBUV(/2) exhibit near-zero drifts and the comparison between SAGE II and HALOE shows larger, but insignificant drifts. The RMS of the drifts of lidar and SBUV(/2) is 0.22 and 0.27% yr−1, respectively at 20–40 km. The average drifts of the long-term data sets, derived from various comparisons, are less than ±0.3% yr−1 in the 20–40 km altitude at all stations. A combined time series of the relative differences between SAGE II, HALOE and Aura MLS with respect to lidar data at six sites is constructed, to obtain long-term data sets lasting up to 27 years. The relative drifts derived from these combined data are very small, within ±0.2% yr−1.