Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent changes in milk fatty acid composition of ewes fed a winter ration supplemented with linseed or sunflower oils

The effects of adding sunflower and linseed oils to a standard winter ration with a lower concentrate content on the milk fatty acid composition in lactating ewes were investigated. Eighteen dairy ewes randomly chosen from the ewe flock were divided into three groups: the first group was fed a winter ration, the second one a winter ration supplemented with sunflower oil, and the third a winter ration supplemented with linseed oil for a period of 12 days. In the treatment groups, the concentrate was partially replaced by 3.0 g/100 g sunflower or linseed oils. Milk samples were taken daily from morning milking for the analysis of fatty acid composition to determine their temporal daily variations. The responses to sunflower oil compared with linseed oil addition after the end of experi - ment were slightly higher for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) ( P < 0.05), linoleic acid ( P < 0.001), trans-10 18:1 (P < 0.001), 6:0 to 16:0 ( P ≈ 0.05 - P < 0.001), whereas a higher content of α-linolenic acid (ALA) (3-fold) ( P < 0.001), oleic acid ( < 0.001), and 18:0 (P < 0.001) was found in milk after linseed oil addition. The responses to both oil additions were relatively sustainable with regard to CLA, trans-11 18:1 (vaccenic acid, VA), and ALA content after the last 6 days of supplementation. The winter ration supplementation with sunflower or linseed oil led to a 3-fold increase in CLA milk fat content (0.6-2.0 or 1.8 g/100 g fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), P < 0.001) and a 3-fold increase in VA milk fat content (1.2-3.8 or 4.1 g/100 g FAME, P < 0.001), however the content of trans-10 18:1 was 5-6-fold higher, compared with unsupplemented winter ration. Plant oil supplementation enhanced the total content of CLA, VA, ALA by 5.0 and 3.9 g/100 g FAME ( P < 0.001) for linseed and sunflower oil supplementation, and decreased the total content of 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0 by 9.3 and 5.8 g/100 g FAME ( P < 0.001) compared to winter diet, respectively.
Allocating Ideas: Horizontal Competition in Tournaments

We develop a stylized model of horizontal and vertical competition in tournaments with two competing firms. The sponsor cares not only about the quality of the design but also about the design location. A priori not even the sponsor knows his preferred design location, which is only discovered once he has seen the actual proposals. We show that the more efficient firm is more likely to be conservative when choosing the design location. Also, to get some differentiation in design locations, the cost difference between contestants can be neither too small nor too big. Therefore, if the sponsor mainly cares about the design location, participation in the tournaments by the two lowest-cost contestants cannot be optimal for the sponsor.
A Case Study of Clinicians’ Perceptions of Enterprise Content Management at Tygerberg Hospital

Healthcare is a human right. The sensitivity of health issues has necessitated the introduction of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) at district hospitals in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The objective is understanding clinicians’ perception of ECM at their workplace. It is a descriptive case study design of constructivist paradigm. It employed a phenomenological data analysis method using a pattern matching deductive based analytical procedure. Purposive and s4nowball sampling techniques were applied in selecting participants. Clinicians expressed concerns and frustrations using ECM such as, non-integration with other hospital systems. Inadequate access points to ECM. Incorrect labelling of notes and bar-coding causes more time wasted in finding information. System features and/or functions (such as search and edit) are not possible. Hospital management and clinicians are not constantly interacting and discussing. Information turnaround time is unacceptably lengthy. Resolving these problems would involve a positive working relationship between hospital management and clinicians. In addition, prioritising the problems faced by clinicians in relation to relevance can ensure problem-solving in order to meet clinicians’ expectations and hospitals’ objective. Clinicians’ perception should invoke attention from hospital management with regards technology use. The study’s results can be generalised across clinician groupings exposed to ECM at various district hospitals because of professional and hospital homogeneity. Keywords—Clinician, electronic content management, hospital, perception, technology.
The mechanisms underlying synaptic transmission at the layer 4 of sensory cortical areas

Neurons in layer 4 (L4) of the cortex play an important role in transferring signals from thalamus to other layers of the cortex. Understanding the fundamental properties of synaptic transmission between L4 neurons helps us to gain a clear picture of how the neuronal network in L4 co-operates to process sensory information. In the present study, we have determined the underlying parameters that govern synaptic strength such as quantal size (q), size of readily releasable vesicle pool (N) and release probability (Pr) of excitatory synaptic connections within L4 of the visual cortex (V1) and the somatosensory cortex (S1) in mice. While only a single vesicle is released per release site under physiological conditions at V1 synapses, multivesicular release (MVR) is observed at S1 synapses. In addition, we observed a saturation of postsynaptic receptors at S1 synapses. Other synaptic properties are similar in both cortices. Dynamic clamp experiments suggest that higher Pr and MVR at S1 synapses lower the requirement of the number of synaptic inputs to generate postsynaptic action potentials. In addition, the slower decay of synaptic current and the intrinsic membrane properties of the postsynaptic neuron also contribute to the reliable transmission between S1 neurons.
PLANT-MEDIATED GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Metallic nanoparticles are an emerging class of functional materials, revolutionizing all domains of human life making nanotechnology, a promising arena for biomedical applications. Among the metallic nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent one of the most comprehensively studied nanomaterials. The current development and execution of new technologies have led to new era, the nano-revolution which discloses the role of plants in green synthesis of nanoparticles and have drawn fairly an undeniable attention with a vision of synthesizing stable and eco-friendly nanoparticles. Employing plant extracts toward synthesis of AgNPs are emerging as advantageous over other conventional methods due to low-cost, energy-efficient, non-hazardous, and environmentally tolerable along with the manifestation of broad variability of biomolecules in plants, which can act as reducing and capping agents. Biologically synthesized AgNPs have upsurge applications in various sectors such as electronics, clothing, food industry, paints, sunscreens, cosmetics, biosensing, medicines, drug delivery and medical devices. Broad-spectrum bioactivities of AgNPs indicate their potential to solve many microbial resistance problems. The antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of AgNPs have recently engrossed the attention of scientists. The aim of the present review is to discuss the plant mediated green synthesis of AgNPs and mechanistic aspects involved in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Methods of AgNPs characterization are reviewed and broad-spectrum multifunctional activities of AgNPs and their potential biomedical applications are discussed. This review also focuses on the assessment of impending human and ecosystem deathtraps associated with increased utilization of AgNPs and the safety issues concerning their biomedical applications.
New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (December 2012)

This paper presents records extending or confirming the distribution of Mediterranean species. Three alien algae are included, namely Codium taylorii reported for the first time from the Aegean and Turkey (Izmir Gulf), Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Karpathos and Chalki Isl., Aegean Sea) and Ganonema farinosum (Karpathos Isl., Aegean Sea). As far as animals are concerned, Litarachna divergens (Acari: Hydrachnidia) was recorded (Side, Eastern Mediterranean) and represents a new amendment at genus level for Turkish fauna. Other invertebrates include alien species such as the crabs Dyspanopeus sayi (Lago Fusaro, SW Italy), Percnon gibbesi (Larnaca, Cyprus; Karpathos and Chalki Isl., Aegean Sea) and Callinectes sapidus (Voda estuary, NW Greece), the nudibranch Aplysia dactylomela (Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro), the gastropod Conomurex persicus (Karpathos and Chalki Isl., Aegean Sea) and the bryozoan Electra tenella (Livorno harbour and Messina Straits area). The alien fish Siganus luridus, Siganus rivulatus, Fistularia commersonii, Sphyraena chrysotaenia and Sargocentron rubrum are also reported from the islands of Karpathos and Chalki, and Pteragogus pelycus from Heraklion Bay, Crete. In addition, new localities for four rare Mediterranean inhabitants are given: the cephalopod Thysanoteuthis rhombus (NW Sardinia) and the fish: Lampris guttatus (Calabria, S Italy), Petromyzon marinus (Gokova Bay) and Remora australis (Saronikos Gulf), while the opisthobranch gastropod Cerberilla bernadettae is reported for the first time from the E Mediterranean (Cyprus). Finally, three species of the Aegean ascidiofauna are recorded for the first time: Lissoclinum perforatum, Ciona roulei and Ecteinascidia turbinata . Furthermore, it was established that Phallusia nigra has extended its distributional range to the north of the Aegean Sea.
Cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 is toxic to neurons and enhanced by a mutation associated with familial ALS

Mutations in the gene encoding TDP-43 — the major protein component of neuronal aggregates characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies (FTLDu) — have been linked to familial forms of both disorders. Aggregates of TDP-43 in cortical and spinal motoneurons in ALS, or in neurons of the frontal and temporal cortices in FTLD, are closely linked to neuron loss and atrophy in these areas. However, the mechanism by which TDP-43 mutations lead to neurodegeneration is unclear. To investigate the pathogenic role of TDP-43 mutations, we established a model of TDP-43 proteinopathies by expressing fluorescently tagged wildtype and mutant TDP-43 in primary rat cortical neurons. Expression of mutant TDP-43 was toxic to neurons, and mutant-specific toxicity was associated with increased cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43. Inclusion bodies were not necessary for the toxicity and did not affect the risk of cell death. Cellular survival was unaffected by the total amount of exogenous TDP-43 in the nucleus, but the amount of cytoplasmic TDP-43 was a strong and independent predictor of neuronal death. These results suggest that mutant TDP-43 is mislocalized to the cytoplasm, where it exhibits a toxic gain-of-function and induces cell death. Corresponding author: Steven Finkbeiner, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, Tel: (415) 734-2508, Fax: (415) 355-0824, sfinkbeiner@gladstone.ucsf. edu. Co-corresponding author: Jane Wu, 303 E. Superior St., Lurie Building Rm 7117, Chicago, IL 60611, Tel: (312) 503-0682, Fax: (312) 503-5603, jane-wu@northwestern.edu. J.Y. W. and S.J.B. brought this project to the attention of S.F. E.J.R. and J.Y. W. made the expression plasmids encoding TDP-43(WT)EGFP and TDP43(A315T)-EGFP. S.F. invented and refined the automated imaging and analysis techniques, and S.J.B. , G.S. and S.F. designed the experiments to apply these approaches to TDP-43. S.B. made the expression plasmids encoding TDP-43(G290A)-EGFP, TDP43(N390S)-EGFP, TDP43(mNLS)-EGFP, TDP-43(mNES)-EGFP, TDP-43(mNLS-A315T)-EGFP and TDP-43(mNES-A315T)EGFP. S.J.B. , G.S. and E.K. isolated the primary neurons from rodents. SB conducted all primary neuron transfections, automated imaging, survival analyses, immunocytochemical staining, fluorescence intensity measurements, cell counts, subcellular fractionations, statistical calculations, and performed all fluorescence microscopy. S.J.B. designed and constructed the figures with advice from S.F. and G.S. S.J.B. and S.F. wrote and edited the manuscript. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 July 13. Published in final edited form as: J Neurosci. 2010 January 13; 30(2): 639. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4988-09.2010. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript
Scanning Electron Microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate grain texture and pore structure development within various compositions of pure sI and sII gas hydrates synthesized in the laboratory, as well as in natural samples retrieved from marine (Gulf of Mexico) and permafrost (NW Canada) settings. Several samples of methane hydrate were also quenched after various extents of partial reaction for assessment of mid-synthesis textural progression. All laboratory-synthesized hydrates were grown under relatively high-temperature and high-pressure conditions from rounded ice grains with geometrically simple pore shapes, yet all resulting samples displayed extensive recrystallization with complex pore geometry. Growth fronts of mesoporous methane hydrate advancing into dense ice reactant were prevalent in those samples quenched after limited reaction below and at the ice point. As temperatures transgress the ice point, grain surfaces continue to develop a discrete “rind” of hydrate, typically 5 to 30 μm thick. The cores then commonly melt, with rind microfracturing allowing migration of the melt to adjacent grain boundaries where it also forms hydrate. As the reaction continues under progressively warmer conditions, the hydrate product anneals to form dense and relatively pore-free regions of hydrate grains, in which grain size is typically several tens of micrometers. The prevalence of hollow, spheroidal shells of hydrate, coupled with extensive redistribution of reactant and product phases throughout reaction, implies that a diffusion-controlled shrinking-core model is an inappropriate description of sustained hydrate growth from melting ice. Completion of reaction at peak synthesis conditions then produces exceptional faceting and euhedral crystal growth along exposed pore walls. Further recrystallization or regrowth can then accompany even short-term exposure of synthetic hydrates to natural ocean-floor conditions, such that the final textures may closely mimic those observed in natural samples of marine origin. Of particular note, both the mesoporous and highly faceted textures seen at different stages during synthetic hydrate growth were notably absent from all examined hydrates recovered from a natural marine-environment setting.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE SI CONTENT IN UMO / AL ( SI ) FUEL PLATES

Silicon seems to limit the formation of the undesired diffusion layer forming during inpile irradiation of UMo/Al dispersion test fuel plates. It has been found that adding Si to the Al matrix of this fuel results in the formation of a Si-rich diffusion layer (SiRDL) covering the UMo particles. It is therefore of great interest to find the influence of the Si content on the features of this SiRDL (thickness, homogeneity composition). Three different UMo/Al(Si) miniplates with an Al matrix containing 2wt% Si, 5wt% and 7wt% Si as well as a UMo/Al reference have been produced by AREVA-CERCA. These samples have been characterized after production and after subsequent heavy ion irradiation by XRD and SEM/EDX. With 5 and 7wt% all UMo particles are protected with a SiRDL. However after heavy irradiation at high fluency, this SiRDL may be destroyed giving rise to the growth of the UMo/Al interdiffusion layer as it is observed in irradiated samples with no Si content. These results are in excellent agreement with those obtained on the in-pile tests RERTR7.
INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTICS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITIES AMONG COMMON CARPS ( CYPRINUS CARPIO )

The study envisaged to know the effect of probiotics on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with respect to growth performance, feed utilization (feed conversion ratio FCR, protein efficiency ratioPER) and digestive enzyme (protease, amylase and lipase) activities. In this particular experiment the probiotics in the form of Bacillus circulans isolated from the gut of rohu was included in carp basal diets at different concentrations (2 x 102; 2 x 104; 2 x 106) per 100g feed for 60 days and fed at 3% of the body weight. Twelve aquaria with replicates for treatment and control were used. After feeding experiment, the diets supplemented with probiotics showed significantly better results of growth performance, FCR, PER than those with the basal diet (Control diet). Diet ED2 resulted in significantly better growth, a lower feed conversion ratio and a higher protein efficiency ratio than the other experimental diets. In conclusion the results indicated that the probiotics highly increased the growth performances and digestive enzyme activities and decreased FCR.
Species pools along contemporary environmental gradients represent different levels of diversification

Aim Within a region, different habitat types are characterized by different species and some habitat types have higher species diversities than others. Different habitat types are also characterized by different phylogenetic clades. However, it is not known whether – within a given region – some habitat types have species pools that are more phylogenetically diversified than others. We investigated whether species pools in contemporary habitat types represent different levels of diversification of angiosperms and, if so, whether these differences correlate with particular environmental factors. We tested these relationships in a region of recent geological origin possessing a comparatively young flora, and compared the result with standard analyses of species diversity.
1 Rainfall prediction with AMSR-E soil moisture 2 products using SM 2 RAIN and nonlinear 3 autoregressive networks with exogenous input 4 ( NARX ) for poorly gauged basins : Application to the 5 Karkheh river basin , Iran 6

Accurate estimates of daily rainfall are essential for understanding and modeling the physical processes involved in the interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere. In this study, daily satellite soil moisture observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) generated by implementing the standard NASAalgorithm are employed for estimating rainfall, firstly, through the use of recently developed approach, SM2RAIN (Brocca et al., 2013) and, secondly, the nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural modelling at five climate stations in the Karkheh river basin (KRB), located in southwest Iran. In the SM2RAIN method, the period 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2005 is used for the calibration of algorithm and the remaining 9 months from 1 January 2006 to 30 September 2006 is used for the validation of the rainfall estimates. In the NARX model, the full study period is split into a training (1 January 2003 to 31 September 2005) and a testing (1 September 2005 to 30 September 2006) stage. For the prediction of the rainfall as the desired target (output), relative soil moisture changes from AMSR-E and measured air temperature time series are chosen as exogenous (external) inputs in NARX. The quality of the estimated rainfall data is evaluated by comparing it with observed rainfall data at the five rain gauges in terms of the correlation coefficient R, the RMSE and the statistical bias. For the SM2RAIN method, R ranges between 0.44 and 0.9 for all stations, whereas for the NARXmodel the values are generally slightly lower. Moreover, the values of the bias for each station indicate that although SM2RAIN is likely to underestimate large rainfall intensities, due to the known effect of soil moisture saturation, its biases are somewhat lower than those of NARX. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that with the use of AMSR-E soil moisture products in the physically based SM2RAINalgorithm as well as in the NARX neural network, rainfall for poorly gauged regions can be fairly predicted.
Eğitim Fakültesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Akademik Motivasyonları ve Algıladıkları Okul İklimi İlişkisi

Bu arastirmanin amaci ogretmen adaylarinin algilarina dayali olarak akademik motivasyon ve okul iklimi arasindaki iliskiyi belirlemektir. Bu arastirmada iki degisken arasi iliskinin belirlenmesi amaclandigindan arastirma iliskisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmis ve uygulanmistir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak “Universite Ogrencilerine Yonelik Okul Iklimi Olcegi ile “Akademik Motivasyon Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Arastirmada elde edilen bulgulara gore Necatibey Egitim Fakultesinin ikinci ve dorduncu sinif ogrencilerinin akademik motivasyon puanlarinin ortanin uzerinde, okul iklimi algilarinin ise yuksek oldugu tespit edilmistir. Okul iklimi ve akademik motivasyon arasinda motivasyonsuzluk haric orta duzeyde ve pozitif yonlu bir iliski bulunmaktadir. Arastirmada okula baglilik ve iletisim boyutlari, akademik motivasyonun yordayicisi oldugu tespit edilmistir. Arastirmada Fen ve sosyal alanlarda ogrenim goren ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri arasinda okul iklimi alt boyutlarinin tamaminda ve ayrica motivasyonsuzluk boyutunda anlamli fark bulunmasi ozellikle motivasyonsuzluk acisindan degerlendirildiginde ogretmen atamalarindaki KPSS puan yuksekligine baglanabilir. Sinif duzeylerine gore ogretmen adaylarinin algilari arasinda sadece okula baglilik konusunda dorduncu siniflar lehine anlamli bir fark vardir. Arastirmada okul ikliminin okula baglilik ve iletisim boyutlarinda istenen sonuclar ortaya cikmisken ogrenme ortami icin cikmamistir.
A new occurrence of the Early Jurassic brachiopod Anarhynchia from the Canadian Cordillera confirms its membership in chemosynthesis-based ecosystems

Cold seeps, where seepage of hydrocarbon-rich fluids occurs in the sea floor, are sites that harbor highly specialized ecosystems associated with distinctive carbonate sediments. Although their Mesozoic record is scarce and patchy, it commonly includes dimerelloid rhynchonellide brachiopods. Here we report a monospecific assemblage of Anarhynchia from a limestone boulder of early Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) age in the Inklin Formation of the Whitehorse Trough in the Stikine terrane, from a locality at Atlin Lake in northern British Columbia. Specimens are among the largest known Mesozoic brachiopods, up to 9 cm in length, and described here as Anarhynchia smithi n. sp. Early precipitated carbonate cement phases of the limestone have carbon isotopic composition highly depleted in 13C, indicative of the influence of microbial oxidation of methane derived from a cold seep. Carbonate petrography of the banded-fibrous cement and other characteristic components supports this paleoenvironmental inference. Vol.