Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association identifies genetic variants associated with lentiform nucleus volume in N 0 1345 young and elderly subjects

Deficits in lentiform nucleus volume and morphometry are implicated in a number of genetically influenced disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Here we performed genome-wide searches to discover common genetic variants associated with differences in lentiform nucleus volume in human populations. We assessed structural MRI scans of the brain in two large genotyped samples: the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Some of the data used to prepare this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (www.loni. ucla.edu/ADNI). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. For a complete listing of ADNI investigators, please see: http://adni.loni.ucla.edu/wp-content/ uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List. pdf D. P. Hibar : J. L. Stein :A. B. Ryles :O. Kohannim : N. Jahanshad : P. M. Thompson (*) Imaging Genetics Center at the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 225E 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA e-mail: thompson@loni.ucla.edu S. E. Medland :N. K. Hansell :G. W. Montgomery : N. G. Martin :M. J. Wright Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia S. E. Medland Neurogenetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia S. E. Medland Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA K. L. McMahon Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia G. I. de Zubicaray Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia A. J. Saykin Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA C. R. Jack Jr Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA M. W. Weiner Departments of Radiology, Medicine, Psychiatry, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA M. W. Weiner Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA A. W. Toga Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 225E 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA Brain Imaging and Behavior DOI 10.1007/s11682-012-9199-7 Author's personal copy
Antecedents of consumer animosity and the role of product involvement on purchase intentions

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to further our understanding of the sources of consumer animosity and the moderating role of product involvement on purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach - Animosity is examined in the context of South Korean consumers’ purchase intentions toward Japanese products. A structural equation model was estimated in Lisrel 8.80 to assess the proposed model. Findings - The results offer evidence that consumer ethnocentrism and susceptibility to normative influence have a positive relationship with animosity while cosmopolitanism has a negative relationship with animosity. Furthermore, animosity negatively influences intentions to purchase for high-involvement products, but not for low-involvement products. Practical implications - International marketing managers can better identify the risk that consumer animosity poses to their products and services based on level of product involvement and characteristics of the market segment. Originality/value - This study offers clarity to the understanding of animosity by examining additional antecedents of animosity that reflect different world views. It also provides an exception to the previous findings that in general animosity has a negative impact on consumers’ willingness to buy products of countries for which consumers have animosity. In other words, the effect of animosity on purchase intention of products from a disliked country depends on the degree of involvement.
Effect of reserpine‐induced depletion of synaptic dopamine on [11C]Raclopride binding to D2‐dopamine receptors in the monkey brain

Positron emission tomography was used to examine the in vivo binding of [11C]raclopride to D2‐dopamine (DA) receptors in the striatum of two Cynomolgus monkeys after a single dose of reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). A Scatchard procedure was repeated five times to follow D2 receptor density and apparent affinity for 7 weeks after reserpine. Reserpine‐induced depletion of DA lead to a marked increase in [11C]raclopride binding, which was still detectable 20 days after treatment. Scatchard analyses indicated that the measured increase in [11C]raclopride binding reflected an increase in receptor affinity but no evident change in receptor density (Bmax). Thus, the increase in [11C]raclopride binding after reserpine should correspond to a reduced competition with endogenous DA for binding to D2 receptors. The results were used to estimate the DA‐induced D2 occupancy to be about 40% at physiological conditions. Synapse 25:321–325, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The amygdala's contribution to memory—a study on two patients with Urbach‐Wiethe disease

The consequences of primary amygdaloid damage on memory performance are described in terms of neuropsychological, CT, MRI and PET results of two patients, a brother and a sister. Both had circumscribed, bilaterally symmetrical damage confined to the amygdaloid region, while the hippocampal formation and other brain structures were intact. PET-imaging furthermore revealed an overall decrease in glucose metabolism which was particularly apparent at the cingular and thalamic levels. Although neither patient was amnesic, both showed memory impairments in selective tests. In one patient these impairments were more pronounced and they were accompanied by marked affective-emotional fluctuations. Our results suggest that the amygdaloid region is a bottle-neck structure that confers an affective flavour to memories, thereby enhancing the probability of their long term storage.
Women poverty and development.

Poverty and development issues in relation to the role of women are summarized in reference to the 3 major themes which are more fully developed in the succeeding essays in this volume. The problems of poor women in developing countries are not welfare issues rather they are development issues. Women have an influence on development and development has an impact on women. The needs of poor women are differnet than the needs of poor men. Development programs designed to increase the productivity of men do not benefit women. First womens needs differ from mens needs because of the dual role women play in poor economies. Women contribute to the economy of the household both by working in the outside labor market and by performing home services and home production activities. Since women rarely receive cash income for these home service and home production activities the dual nature of womens economic role and contribution to the household is not recognized. The economic demands on women vary during her lifetime in response to changes in the size and structure of the household. When the demands are high women reduce their leisure time not their child rearing activities. Secondly the type of work that women can perform in the labor market is restricted by their home service functions. Women must engage in occupations that allow them the flexibility to continue performing their home services. Jobs which offer flexibility tend to be low paying jobs in the traditional sector rather than better paying jobs in the modern sector. Third since women traditionally have had to limit their occupational roles to the performance of low level jobs it is assumed that women need less education than men. Furthermore because women have been traditionally viewed as playing only a minimal role in the economy of the country little attention has been paid to increasing the productivity of women. Failure to develop womens potential productivity is a loss for society as a whole. In addition women who become heads of households are in a very difficult situation. They have not had an opportunity to develop their skills yet they must assume full responsibility for the support of their families.
The Various Sendai Virus C Proteins Are Not Functionally Equivalent and Exert both Positive and Negative Effects on Viral RNA Accumulation during the Course of Infection

ABSTRACT Recombinant Sendai viruses were prepared which cannot express their Cprime, C, or Cprime plus C proteins due to mutation of their respective start codons ([Cprime-minus], [C-minus] and [double mutant], respectively). The [Cprime-minus] and [C-minus] stocks were similar to that of wild-type (wt) virus in virus titer and plaque formation, whereas the double-mutant stock had a much-reduced PFU or 50% egg infective dose/particle ratio and produced very small plaques. Relative to the wt virus infection, the [Cprime-minus] and [C-minus] infections of BHK cells resulted in significantly greater accumulation of viral RNAs, consistent with the known inhibitory effects of the Cprime and C proteins. The double-mutant infection, in contrast, was delayed in its accumulation of viral RNAs; however, once accumulation started, overaccumulation quickly occurred, as in the single-mutant infections. Our results suggest that the Cprime and C proteins both provide a common positive function early in infection, so that only the double mutant undergoes delayed RNA accumulation and exhibits the highly debilitated phenotype. Later in infection, the same proteins appear to act as inhibitors of RNA accumulation. In infections of mice, [Cprime-minus] was found to be as virulent as wt virus whereas [C-minus] was highly attenuated. These results suggest that the Cprime and C proteins cannot be functionally equivalent, since C can replace Cprime for virulence in mice whereas Cprime cannot replace C.
Ranking of Factoring Companies in Accordance with ARAS and COPRAS Methods

Along with the development of international trade, financing techniques have also begun to make a progress. In parallel to this progress, factoring transactions in trade financing make a significant contribution. Factoring, which brings a positive impact on national economy, has been following a course with a progressive trading volume. Turkey has performed an improvement in world ranking by means of factoring capacity in recent years. This, therefore, demonstrates that emphasis on factoring transactions has also been increasing. Need for factoring companies that have a great role in domestic and foreign financing of trade has also been mounting. Determination of the most appropriate factoring company for the managements that have an intention of receiving factoring services is considered as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem through which a series of factors shall be regarded. Consequently, selection of a factoring company that is in compliance with the financing structure of the management is considerably important. Within the scope of this study, ranking of 7 factoring firms that are active in Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) was made by considering their financial data between the years of 2013 and 2016. Data were collected through Public Disclosure Platform. Criteria were designated in consequence of literature review. Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) techniques, which are the two of MCDM methods, were used in an integrated way in the direction of rating the aforementioned companies. When the years of 2013–2016 were considered as integrated, it was observed that GAFRA is placed on the top while SMRFT is placed at the bottom according to both methods.
Sense of Community, Sense of Community Responsibility, and Public Service Motivation as Predictors of Employee Well-Being and Engagement in Public Service Organizations

Public management scholars have suggested that employee motivation can be accentuated by organizational cultures and contexts. One of the most researched topics in this regard is the concept of public service motivation (PSM). Research shows that PSM works to direct applicants toward public service careers and, once hired, can be linked to motivated activity within public-sector organizations. Similarly, like PSM, a sense of community (SOC) and a sense of community responsibility (SOC-R) have also been posited to act as powerful predictors of employee well-being and engagement. The present study demonstrates that SOC-R is a more powerful predictor of employee engagement compared with PSM and SOC. Concurrently, SOC more strongly predicts employee well-being compared with PSM and SOC-R. The findings bring additional light and clarification to the predictive power of PSM on employee perceptions and behavior, and they demonstrate that community experiences have utility in public service settings.
Intrinsic chemotherapy resistance to the tubulin‐binding antimitotic agents in renal cell carcinoma

Renal cancer is one of the most chemoresistant tumor types. Using a panel of 10 established renal cancer cell lines that have not been subjected to prior drug selection, the range of functional resistance phenotypes to the tubulin‐binding agents paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine and patupilone (epothilone B, EPO906) was determined, together with expression of P‐glycoprotein (PgP), multidrug resistance associated protein‐2 (MRP2) and major vault protein (MVP) proteins. The IC50 values for vincristine correlated positively with PgP expression (r = 0.73; p = 0.031), with values for paclitaxel and vinblastine just failing to reach significance. A significant positive correlation was observed for sensitivity to paclitaxel and MRP2 expression only (r = 0.8; p = 0.013). MVP expression did not correlate with sensitivity to any of the drugs examined. All cell lines exhibited much greater sensitivity to patupilone, demonstrating for the first time the potential use of patupilone in this cancer. In tissue samples from chemotherapy‐naive renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, marked downregulation or absence of PgP in many tumor cells with expression levels more similar to sensitive cell lines rather than the resistant lines was seen. Similarly, MRP2 was absent or only weakly present in tumor cells, whereas MVP was very strongly upregulated in most tumor samples. This study illustrating discrepancies between results exclusively based on studies in cell lines and findings in vivo suggests that the role of PgP and MRP2 in intrinsic resistance in RCC in vivo may be less than expected from the in vitro findings and supports a potential role for MVP on the basis of in vivo expression studies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autologous blood injection to treat achilles tendinopathy? A randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Achilles tendinopathy is a common and often debilitating condition, and autologous blood injection is a promising treatment option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether autologous blood injection added to standard management was effective in alleviating symptoms of Achilles tendinopathy. DESIGN A prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING Private sports medicine clinic. PATIENTS 33 patients (18 women, 15 men) of mean age 50 y (SD 9) with 40 cases of Achilles tendinopathy of mean duration of 11 mo (SD 7). INTERVENTION Participants were randomized to blind peritendinous autologous blood injection added to standard treatment (eccentric-loading exercises) or standard treatment alone for 12 wk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment for Achilles (VISA-A) score and ratings of discomfort during and after the injection were measured at baseline and 6 and 12 wk. Analytically derived effect-size thresholds of 5 (small) and 15 (moderate) VISA-A units were used as the reference values for clinical inference. RESULTS Improvements in VISA-A of 7.7 units (95%CL: ± 6.7) and 8.7 units (± 8.8) were observed in the treatment and control groups, respectively, at 6 wk relative to baseline, with no clear effect of blood injection. At 12 wk VISA-A score improved to 18.9 units (± 7.4) in the treatment group, revealing a blood-injection effect of 9.6 units (± 11.5), relative to a comparatively unchanged condition in control (9.4 units; ± 9.0). Predictors of response to treatment were unremarkable, and a 21% rate of postinjection flare was the only noteworthy side effect. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence for small short-term symptomatic improvements with the addition of autologous blood injection to standard treatment for Achilles tendinopathy, although double-blinded studies with longer follow-up and larger sample size are required.
Intensifying existing premix therapy (BIAsp 30) with BIAsp 50 and BIAsp 70: A consensus statement

In 2009, consensus guidelines were published on intensification of insulin therapy using the premix analog biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp) 30 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, based on the recommendations of an international, independent expert panel. The guidelines included recommendations and titration algorithms for intensification from basal insulin once (OD) or twice daily (BID) to BIAsp 30 BID, from OD BIAsp 30 to BID, and from BID BIAsp 30 to three times daily (TID). Building on these recommendations, the objective was to develop similar, simple and effective guidelines for intensification switch from a BIAsp 30 to a mid-/high-ratio premix regimen for the vast majority of patients with type 2 diabetes. A panel of independent experts with extensive clinical experience in premix analog therapy met in October 2009 to review the therapeutic role of mid- and high-ratio premixes (BIAsp 50 and 70, respectively). The panel outlined a series of algorithms for intensifying BIAsp 30 BID and TID with mid-/high-ratio premixes, along with practical suggestions relating to intensification for individual patients. A simple tool to aid dose adjustment was also developed. The guidelines suggested here should assist physicians in introducing mid-/high-ratio premixes to optimize the insulin therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes who are failing to achieve glycemic targets on a BIAsp 30 BID or TID regimen.
Transplacental mutagenicity of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea at the hprt locus in T‐lymphocytes of exposed B6C3F1 mice

Previous studies have compared age‐related differences in total mutagenic burden in mice of differing age (preweanling, weanling, or young adult) after single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of time elapsed since treatment on the frequency of hprt mutant T‐cells (Mf) from mice treated transplacentally with single acute vs. multiple split doses of ENU. To this end, pregnant C57BL/6 mice (n = 13–16/group), which had been bred to C3H males, were given i.p. injections of 40 mg ENU/kg bw in a single dose on day 18 of gestation, in a split dose of 6 mg ENU/kg bw on days 12 through 18 of gestation, or DMSO vehicle alone. Groups of pups were necropsied on days 10, 13, 15 (single dose only), 17, 20, 40, and 70 postpartum for T‐cell isolations and hprt Mf measurements using the T‐cell cloning assay. The time required to reach maximum Mfs in T‐cells isolated from thymus of transplacentally treated animals was 2 weeks, the same time span as previously observed after ENU treatment of adult, weanling, and preweanling mice. Mfs in T‐cells isolated from spleens of control animals averaged 2.1 ± 0.3 (SE) × 10−6. In spleens of mice treated transplacentally with ENU in a single dose, Mfs reached a maximum at 15 days postpartum [84.7 ± 15.8 (SE) × 10−6] and decreased to lower but still elevated levels at 40 days postpartum. In spleens of mice treated transplacentally with ENU in a split dose, Mfs reached a maximum at 13 days postpartum [74.0 ± 16.3 (SE) × 10−6] and decreased to background levels at 40 days postpartum. The areas under the curves describing the change in hprt Mfs over time for ENU‐treated vs. control mice estimate the mutagenic potency for transplacental single‐ and split‐dose exposures to be 1.9 and 0.8 × 103, respectively. Comparison of the mutagenic potency estimates for mice exposed to ENU in utero to 4‐week‐old mice given a similar dose of the same lot number of ENU indicates that the mouse is more susceptible to ENU‐induced mutagenesis during fetal life. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:30–37, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Economic Effect of Constitutions

The authors of The Economic Effects of Constitutions use econometric tools to study what they call the "missing link" between constitutional systems and economic policy; the book is an uncompromisingly empirical sequel to their previous theoretical analysis of economic policy. Taking recent theoretical work as a point of departure, they ask which theoretical findings are supported and which are contradicted by the facts. The results are based on comparisons of political institutions across countries or time, in a large sample of contemporary democracies. They find that presidential/parliamentary and majoritarian/proportional dichotomies influence several economic variables: presidential regimes induce smaller public sectors, and proportional elections lead to greater and less targeted government spending and larger budget deficits. Moreover, the details of the electoral system (such as district magnitude and ballot structure) influence corruption and structural policies toward economic growth. Persson and Tabellini? s goal is to draw conclusions about the causal effects of constitutions on policy outcomes. But since constitutions are not randomly assigned to countries, how the constitutional system was selected in the first place must be taken into account. This raises challenging methodological problems, which are addressed in the book. The study is therefore important not only in its findings but also in establishing a methodology for empirical analysis in the field of comparative politics.
Long-term growth forecasts and stock recommendation profitability

We investigate whether analysts’ long-term growth (LTG) forecasts are a signal of analyst effort to better understand the future prospects of firms, which is reflected in the long-term profitability of their stock recommendations. We develop a one-year-ahead LTG forecast likelihood score and execute a trading strategy that generates average abnormal returns of 2.9% per annum over our sample period (1995–2005). Furthermore, in out-of-sample testing without portfolio rebalancing during the 2006–2011 period, our trading strategy earns abnormal returns of 2.5% per annum. In summary, this study illustrates previously undocumented long-term benefits accruing to investors from the information inherent in analyst LTG forecasts.
Participating in a panel survey changes respondents’ labour market behaviour

Panel survey participation can bring about unintended changes in respondents’ behaviour and/or their reporting of behaviour. Using administrative data linked to a large panel survey, we analyse whether the survey brings about changes in respondents’ labour market behaviour. We estimate the causal effect of panel participation on the take‐up of federal labour market programmes by using instrumental variables. Results show that panel survey participation leads to an increase in respondents’ take‐up of these measures. These results suggest that panel survey participation not only affects the reporting of behaviour, as previous studies have demonstrated, but can also alter respondents’ actual behaviour.