Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical osteoconductivity and early bone formation of titanium-zirconium and titanium implants in a subperiosteal rabbit animal model.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the vertical osteoconductive and osteointegrative dynamics around titanium-zirconium (TiZr) implants compared to titanium (Ti) implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a split-leg design, 12 TiZr-SLActive and 12 Ti-SLActive implants were inserted 3 mm above bone level in the proximal tibia of 12 rabbits. Full periosteal flaps were repositioned to cover the site. Specimens were obtained after 10, 20 and 30 days (each n = 4 per group). Histomorphometric measurements included percentage of linear bone fill (PLF; %), new marginal vertical bone height (VBH; mm) and vertical bone-to-implant contact (vBIC; %). Statistical analysis was performed with the nonparametric F1_LD_F1 model to compare the two groups at the different time points. RESULTS After 10 days, mean PLF was 7.7% (standard deviation (SD): 5.3) for TiZr and 17.6 (SD: 8.3) for Ti. Mean VBH was 0.35 mm (SD: 0.15) and 0.78 mm (SD: 0.4) for TiZr and Ti, respectively; mean vBIC was 24.4% (SD: 41) for TiZr and 53% (SD: 28.9) for Ti samples. The differences were significant for all parameters (PLF: P = 0.021; VBH: P = 0.009; vBIC: P = 0.011). After 20 days, mean PLF was 44.3% (SD: 26.3) for TIZr and 46.2% (SD: 21.3) for Ti implants. TiZr showed a mean VBH of 1.73 mm (SD: 1) and 1.8 mm (SD: 0.6) for Ti samples. Mean vBIC had values of 48.3% (SD: 23.7) and 68.7% (SD: 35.5) for TiZr and Ti, respectively (PLF: P = 0.78; VBH: P = 0.58; vBIC: P = 0.47). At the point of 30 days, mean PLF values were 23.7% (SD: 3.8) for TiZr and 28.9% (SD: 21.7) for Ti samples; mean for VBH in TiZr samples was 0.65 mm (SD: 0.39) and 1.7 mm (SD: 1.1) for Ti ones. Finally, mean vBIC was 28.3% (SD: 19.3) and 54.4% (SD: 26.5) for TiZr and Ti samples, respectively (PLF: P = 0.1; VBH: P = 0.088; vBIC: P = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS A significant delay in vertical osteoconductivity at the earliest time point under examination was seen for TiZr implants when compared to their Ti counterparts. For the later points, TiZr as well as Ti implants demonstrated comparable values in this animal model. The long-term osteogenic surface properties of equally pretreated TiZr dental implants are therefore similar to those of Ti implants in vivo.
Expression of Streptococcus mutans gtf genes in Streptococcus milleri

The Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase (GTF) genes gtfB and gtfC were ligated into Escherichia coli-streptococcus shuttle plasmids and introduced into Streptococcus milleri. gtfB transformant KSB8 formed an S. mutans-like rough colony on mitis salivarius agar and expressed an extracellular GTF-I, of 158 kDa, and two cell-bound GTF-Is, of 158 and 135 kDa. gtfC transformant KSC43 formed a semirough colony on mitis salivarius agar and expressed primarily an extracellular GTF-SI, of 146 kDa, and two cell-bound GTF-SIs, of 146 and 152 kDa. The extracellular GTFs from KSB8 and KSC43 were purified and characterized. The two types of GTF also reacted specifically with monoclonal antibodies directed against each enzyme. Both enzymes synthesized significant amounts of oligosaccharides, consisting primarily of alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages, as well as water-insoluble glucans, containing alpha-1,3-glucosidic linkages. Insoluble-glucan-synthesizing activities of both enzymes were stimulated (three- to sixfold) by the addition of dextran T10 and were inhibited in the presence of 1.5 M ammonium sulfate. The Km(s) for sucrose and the optimal pHs were also similar for both enzymes. However, when the transformants were grown in Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with sucrose, KSC43 cells, expressing GTF-SI activity, adhered to glass surfaces in vitro, while KSB8 cells, expressing GTF-I activity, did not. These results are discussed relative to the potential role of the gtfB and gftC genes in S. mutans cariogenicity.
Francis William Aston: The Man Behind the Mass Spectrograph

Francis William Aston was among the most accomplished physicists of the 20th century. A Nobel laureate and Fellow of the Royal Society, his research career spanned four decades. During this time, he provided experimental proof of the existence of isotopes for many of the chemical elements and recorded their masses using several hand-built mass spectrographs. A rather private man who lived alone in Trinity College for much of his adult life, Aston remains a somewhat elusive and mysterious figure. This biography attempts to shed some more light on the man, including his character and his personal life and, particularly, how his life was shaped by his childhood, environment and education. It contains previously unpublished material and photographs and complements the biographies of Hevesy and Thomson, following Aston's death and that by Squires detailing the construction and performance of his mass spectrographs at the Cavendish Laboratory. It is published at a timely juncture, some 100 years after Aston's first arrival at Cambridge.
Epidermal growth factor receptor in adult retinal neurons of rat, mouse, and human

During development, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates proliferation and differentiation of many types of cells, including precursors of neurons and glia. In the adult, EGFR continues to drive the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells but is absent from glia in the CNS. However, the localization and functions of EGFR in adult neurons are not well defined. By using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, we have identified EGFR and its ligands in adult retinal ganglion cells in the normal rat, mouse, and human retina. EGFR and its ligands were also present in certain other adult retinal neurons, for example, horizontal cells and amacrine cells, and had different distribution patterns among these species. In addition, we found that EGFR was expressed in the rat retinal ganglion cell line RGC‐5. One of the EGFR ligands, EGF, caused a cell shape change and increased neurofilament phosphorylation in RGC‐5 cells. The expression of EGFR in postmitotic, terminally differentiated adult retinal neurons suggests that EGFR has pleiotropic functions. In addition to the conventional mitogenic role in adult epithelial cells, EGFR must serve a different, nonmitogenic function in adult neurons. Our work localizes EGFR and its ligands in the adult retinas of several species as a step toward investigating the nonmitogenic functions of EGFR in adult neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:299–310, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small interfering RNA‐mediated down‐regulation of SPAG9 inhibits cervical tumor growth

The expression of the SPAG9 is associated with various human malignancies. Earlier work revealed a significant association of SPAG9 expression with the early spread of cervical cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Here, the authors investigated the role of SPAG9 in carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Furthermore, they sought to determine whether ablation of SPAG9 expression reduces the tumor growth of cervical SCC in vivo.
Proteome Analysis of Hypoxic Glioblastoma Cells Reveals Sequential Metabolic Adaptation of One-Carbon Metabolic Pathways*

Rapidly proliferating tumors are exposed to a hypoxic microenvironment because of their density, high metabolic consumption, and interruptions in blood flow because of immature angiogenesis. Cellular responses to hypoxia promote highly malignant and metastatic behavior, as well as a chemotherapy-resistant state. To better understand the complex relationships between hypoxic adaptations and cancer progression, we studied the dynamic proteome responses of glioblastoma cells exposed to hypoxia via an innovative approach: quantification of newly synthesized proteins using heavy stable-isotope arginine labeling combined with accurate assessment of cell replication by quantification of the light/heavy arginine ratio of peptides in histone H4. We found that hypoxia affects cancer cells in multiple intertwined ways: inflammation, typically with over-expressed glucose transporter (GLUT1), DUSP4/MKP2, and RelA proteins; a metabolic adaptation with overexpression of all glycolytic pathway enzymes for pyruvate/lactate synthesis; and the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and cancer stem cell (CSC) renewal with characteristic morphological changes and mesenchymal/CSC protein expression profiles. For the first time, we identified the vitamin B12 transporter protein TCN2, which is essential for one-carbon metabolism, as being significantly downregulated. Further, we found, by knockdown and overexpression experiments, that TCN2 plays an important role in controlling cancer cell transformation toward the highly aggressive mesenchymal/CSC stage; low expression of TCN2 has an effect similar to hypoxia, whereas high expression of TCN2 can reverse it. We conclude that hypoxia induces sequential metabolic responses of one-carbon metabolism in tumor cells. Our mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD005487 (TMT-labeling) and PXD007280 (label-free).
Transmission electron microscopic demonstration of vimentin in rat osteoblast and osteocyte cell bodies and processes using the immunogold technique

Background: The immunogold labeling technique and transmission electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the expression and position of the intermediate filament vimentin in rat osteoblast and osteocyte cell bodies and cell processes. Conventional light and transmission electron microscopic studies of bone cells demonstrated adjacent cell linkage to be mediated by osteoblast and osteocyte processes present within the canalicular system traversing the bone matrix. The cell processes were filled with densely packed filaments, many of which have been shown previously to be actin microfilaments. The appearance, however, of 10 nm diameter filaments in some cell processes and the fact that the intermediate filament vimentin has been defined in many cells of mesenchymal origin raised the possibility that some of these filaments might be vimentin. The ultrastructural colloidal gold immunochemical technique allowed for demonstration in situ of the expression of vimentin filaments plus accurate definition of their position.
Dynamics of water and ion transport driven by corn canopy in the Yellow River basin

Water and ion balance in a corn field in the semi-arid region of the upper Yellow River basin (Inner Mongolia, China) was analyzed with special reference to transpiration stream and selective nutrient uptake driven by the crop canopy. During the crop development stage (June 7 to July 17, 2005), crop transpiration and soil evaporation were evaluated separately on a daily basis, and concentrations of NO3−, PO43−, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl− ions in the Yellow River water, irrigation water, ground water, soil of the root zone and xylem sap of the crop were analyzed.The crop transpiration accounted for 83.4% of the evapotranspiration during the crop development stage. All ions except for Na+ were highly concentrated in the xylem sap due to the active and selective uptake of nutrients by roots. In particular, extremely high concentrations of the major essential nutrients were found in the nighttime stem exudate, while these concentrations in the river water, the irrigation water, the ground water and the root-zone soil were lower. On the other hand, Na+, which is not the essential element for crop growth, was scarcely absorbed by roots and was not highly concentrated in the xylem sap. Consequently, Na+ remained in the ground water and the root-zone soil at higher concentrations. These results indicate that during the growing season, crop transpiration but not soil evaporation induces the most significant driving force for mass flow (capillary rise) transporting the ground water toward the rhizosphere, where the dynamics of ion balance largely depends on the active and selective nutrient uptake by roots.
Concomitant Induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses in Volunteers Immunized with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain CVD 908-htrA 1

Type 1 cell-mediated immunity might play an important role in protection from typhoid fever. We evaluated whether immunization with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) strain CVD 908-htrA (a ΔaroC ΔaroD ΔhtrA mutant), a leading live oral typhoid vaccine candidate, elicits specific CD4+ and CD8+ S. Typhi immune responses. Potent CTL responses and IFN-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells were detected following immunization with CVD 908-htrA in high (4.5 × 108 CFU) and low (5 × 107 CFU) dosages. S. Typhi-specific CTL were observed in six of eight vaccinees (four high and two low dose) after immunization. Mean increases in the frequency of IFN-γ spot-forming cells (SFC) in the presence of S. Typhi-infected targets were 221 ± 41 SFC/106 PBMC and 233 ± 87 SFC/106 PBMC, in the high and low dose groups, respectively. Strong CD4+ T cell responses were also observed. Increases in the IFN-γ production to soluble S. Typhi flagella (STF) occurred in 82 and 38% of the volunteers who received the high and low doses, respectively. Robust correlations were observed between volunteers that responded with IFN-γ SFC to stimulation with S. Typhi-infected cells and IFN-γ released in response to stimulation with STF Ags (r = 0.822, p < 0.001) and between CTL and IFN-γ production to STF (r = 0.818, p = 0.013). These data demonstrating the concomitant induction of both CD4- and CD8-mediated CMI are consistent with a significant role for type 1 immunity in controlling typhoid infection and support the continuing evaluation of CVD 908-htrA as a typhoid vaccine candidate.
Stronger host response per parasitized erythrocyte in Plasmodium vivax or ovale than in Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Objective and methods Fever tends to start at a lower level of parasitemia in Plasmodium vivax or ovale than in P. falciparum malaria, but hyperparasitemia and complications are more likely to occur in P. falciparum malaria. Therefore, we compared the relationship between parasitemia and host response parameters before therapy in 97 patients with P. faciparum malaria (18 with complications), and 28 with P. vivax or ovale malaria.
Pulmonary Function, Diffusing Capacity, and Inflammation in Healthy and Asthmatic Subjects Exposed to Ultrafine Particles

Particulate air pollution is associated with asthma exacerbations and increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory causes. Ultrafine particles (particles less than 0.1 μ m in diameter) may contribute to these adverse effects because they have a higher predicted pulmonary deposition, greater potential to induce pulmonary inflammation, larger surface area, and enhanced oxidant capacity when compared with larger particles on a mass basis. We hypothesized that ultrafine particle exposure would induce airway inflammation in susceptible humans. This hypothesis was tested in a series of randomized, double-blind studies by exposing healthy subjects and mild asthmatic subjects to carbon ultrafine particles versus filtered air. Both exposures were delivered via a mouthpiece system during rest and moderate exercise. Healthy subjects were exposed to particle concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μ g/m3, while asthmatics were exposed to 10 μ g/m3. Lung function and airway inflammation were assessed by symptom scores, pulmonary function tests, and airway nitric oxide parameters. Airway inflammatory cells were measured via induced sputum analysis in several of the protocols. There were no differences in any of these measurements in normal or asthmatic subjects when exposed to ultrafine particles at concentrations of 10 or 25 μ g/m3. However, exposing 16 normal subjects to the higher concentration of 50 μ g/m3 caused a reduction in maximal midexpiratory flow rate (−4.34 ± 1.78% [ultrafine particles] vs. +1.08 ± 1.86% [air], p =. 042) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (−1.76 ± 0.66 ml/min/mm Hg [ultrafine particles] vs. −0.18 ± 0.41 ml/min/mm Hg [air], p =. 040) at 21 h after exposure. There were no consistent differences in symptoms, induced sputum, or exhaled nitric oxide parameters in any of these studies. These results suggest that exposure to carbon ultrafine particles results in mild small-airways dysfunction together with impaired alveolar gas exchange in normal subjects. These effects do not appear related to airway inflammation. Additional studies are required to confirm these findings in normal subjects, compare them with additional susceptible patient populations, and determine their pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Physiotherapy in Asthma—Seeking Consensus

Objective. The evidence base for or against physiotherapy interventions in asthmatic adults remains ambiguous, and there are discrepancies between different clinical practice guidelines. We evaluated the level of agreement between the recommendations about physiotherapy for adults with asthma in two major clinical practice guidelines: the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA 2011) and the British Thoracic Society and the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care (BTS/ACPRC 2009). Methods. We used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument to assess the methodological rigor of the guideline development, the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews and clinical trials included in the analyzed documents. Additionally, we compared the reference lists of the analyzed sections to establish the overlap in included primary and secondary studies. Results. We observed no agreement between the two guidelines in the choice of source research articles. Only two studies out of 18 used in BTS guidelines were used in the GINA. The reason why GINA developers did not use the body of evidence included in BTS is that it is not clear. Three independent investigators indicated higher scores in all domains of the AGREE II in the BTS/ACPRC document in comparison with the GINA guidelines. Conclusions. The significant differences in the content and in the development processes of the examined sections of the two guidelines suggest the need for more frequent and careful updating or directing the readers of the GINA to the BTS/ACPRC, a guideline addressing specifically and more comprehensively physiotherapy interventions in asthma.
Influence of Dietary Iodine on Drug‐induced Hypothyroidism in the Rat

Several compounds of pharmaceutical importance from a variety of chemical families, for example chlorpromazine and clomipramine, have been found to form charge‐transfer complexes with iodine. We have investigated the influence of dietary iodine on thyroid‐gland dysfunction induced by clomipramine, chlorpromazine or 2‐thiazoline‐2‐thiol. We suggest that iodine is partly diverted from its metabolic pathway by complexation with drugs, and so the urinary concentration of iodide is increased.
Quantitative Methods For Public Administration Techniques And Applications

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Gavi HPV Programs: Application to Implementation

Developing countries disproportionately suffer from the burden of cervical cancer yet lack the resources to establish systematic screening programs that have resulted in significant reductions in morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination provides an opportunity for primary prevention of cervical cancer in low-resource settings through vaccine provision by Gavi The Vaccine Alliance. In addition to the traditional national introduction, countries can apply for a demonstration program to help them make informed decisions for subsequent national introduction. This article summarizes information from approved Gavi HPV demonstration program proposals and preliminary implementation findings. After two rounds of applications, 23 countries have been approved targeting approximately 400,000 girls for vaccination. All countries are proposing primarily school-based strategies with mixed strategies to locate and vaccinate girls not enrolled in school. Experiences to date include: Reaching marginalized girls has been challenging; Strong coordination with the education sector is key and overall acceptance has been high. Initial coverage reports are encouraging but will have to be confirmed in population based coverage surveys that will take place later this year. Experiences from these countries are consistent with existing literature describing other HPV vaccine pilots in low-income settings.
Enhancement of the Binding of Triglyceride-rich Lipoproteins to the Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor by Apolipoprotein E and Lipoprotein Lipase (*)

The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. A related protein, designated the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, that specifically binds apolipoprotein (apo) E has recently been characterized and shown to be expressed in heart, muscle and adipose tissue and the human monocyte-macrophage cell line THP-1. The VLDL receptor binds and internalizes VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein from Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits as well as β-migrating VLDL from cholesterol-fed rabbits but not LDL from WHHL rabbits. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the rabbit VLDL receptor cDNA have now been shown to bind or internalize VLDL (d < 1.006 g/ml) isolated from fasted normolipidemic human subjects with lower affinity than WHHL-VLDL or rabbit β-VLDL. However, binding and internalization were markedly enhanced when fasted human VLDL was preincubated with either recombinant human apoE (3/3) or lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in CHO cells overexpressing the rabbit or human VLDL receptor. CHO cells transfected with both the rabbit VLDL receptor cDNA and the human LPL cDNA effectively bound, internalized, and degraded fasted human VLDL without pretreatment. Treatment of heparinase reduced the effect of LPL-mediated binding at 4°C, but the inhibitory effect was lower at 37°C. Pseudomonas LPL also enhanced the binding of human fasted VLDL to the VLDL receptor at 37°C in CHO cells overexpressing the human VLDL receptor. Taken together, LPL causes the enhancement of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins binding to the VLDL receptor via both the formation of bridge between lipoproteins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans and its lipolytic effect. Ligand blot analysis showed that the apparent molecular mass of the VLDL receptor is 118 kDa, which is smaller than that of the LDL receptor. These results indicate that the VLDL receptor recognizes both triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that are also relatively rich in apoE, as well as the remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins after catabolism and the interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans by LPL. The VLDL recep-tor may thus function as a receptor for remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in extrahepatic tissues.