Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent planning - a decomposition and abstraction based approach

This monograph on planning based on Artificial Intelligence methods may serve both as an advanced textbook and as a general reference book. AI planning is an active research and applications field concerned with action and plan representation, plan synthesis and reasoning, analysis of planning algorithms, plan execution and monitoring, and plan reuse and learning. The book provides a clear, thorough coverage of key areas of classical AI planning. Its main theme is to build more intelligence on a set of basic algorithms and representations for planning. It presents advanced techniques for plan generation using decomposition and plan merging and for analyzing and comparing planning algorithms. The book contains illustrations, examples, algorithms, analyses, tables, and extensive references.
Computational Statistics and Data Analysis

AnefficientMCMCalgorithmispresentedtoclusterthenodesofanetworksuchthatnodes with similar role in the network are clustered together. This is known as block-modeling or block-clustering . The model is the stochastic blockmodel (SBM) with block parameters integrated out. The resulting marginal distribution defines a posterior over the number of clusters and cluster memberships. Sampling from this posterior is simpler than from the original SBM as transdimensional MCMC can be avoided. The algorithm is based on the allocation sampler . It requires a prior to be placed on the number of clusters, thereby allowingthenumberofclusterstobedirectlyestimatedbythealgorithm,ratherthanbeing givenasaninputparameter.Syntheticandrealdataareusedtotestthespeedandaccuracy of the model and algorithm, including the ability to estimate the number of clusters. The algorithm can scale to networks with up to ten thousand nodes and tens of millions of edges.
Methylxanthines accumulation in Ilex species - caffeine and theobromine in erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and other Ilex species

Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil. e uma especie de importância economica tendo em vista sua utilizacao na regiao meridional da America do Sul no preparo do chimarrao, uma bebida estimulante, preparada pela infusao de suas folhas e talos moidos. Este trabalho apresenta a analise de metilxantinas em folhas de I. paraguariensis e outras especies de Ilex frequentemente relatadas como adulterantes. A determinacao do teor de metilxantinas realizada por CLAE constatou a presenca de cafeina (0,65%) e teobromina (0,12%) em I. paraguariensis var. paraguariensis, cafeina (0,003%) e teobromina (aprox. 0,22%) em I. paraguariensis var. vestita, e ausencia de metilxantinas em I. brevicuspis, I. dumosa e I. microdonta. Os resultados indicam que a acumulacao de cafeina e teobromina e, ate o momento, uma caracteristica unica de I. paraguariensis. Alem do interesse taxonomico, esses resultados sugerem a possibilidade de identificar adulteracoes em erva-mate utilizando a metodologia descrita. Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil. is an important crop used commonly at the meridional South America as a source of a stimulant beverage, called mate, prepared by infusion of its processed leaves and twigs. We describe herein the methylxanthines analyses in the leaves of I. paraguariensis and other Ilex species reported as mate adulterants. The methylxanthines content determined by HPLC were 0.65% for caffeine and 0.12% for theobromine from I. paraguariensis var. paraguariensis, and 0.003% for caffeine and 0.22% (estimated) for theobromine from I. paraguariensis var. vestita. It was not detected any methylxanthines from I. brevicuspis, I. dumosa and I. microdonta. Considering the results, simultaneous caffeine and theobromine accumulation seems hitherto to be a particular characteristic of I. paraguariensis. In addition to taxonomical significance, these data suggest that it should be possible to trace adulterations of the genuine I. paraguariensis using the methodology described herein.
Dimensions of Anxiety Among High IQ Children

Responses of 584 high IQ children to the 37 item Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale were submitted to a factor analysis. The five factors that emerged (Physiological, Worry/Oversensitivity, Concentration, Lie 1, and Lie 2) were shown to be highly similar to the factors found with the normative sample. Coefficients of congruence revealed significant correspondence between all factors for the high IQ and normative group. Means and standard deviations for males and females at each age group are also reported, revealing lower levels of anxiety for the high IQ group on all variables. Reliability estimates for each age group on the three subscales of anxiety and for the total Anxiety Scale support the clinical and research use of this new scale in work with high IQ children.
Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma presenting as hemophagocytic syndrome

Three patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma presenting with pyrexia, wasting, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia in the absence of myelophthisic lymphomatous involvement are reported. Early in the course of the disease when there was no significant lymphadenopathy, these cases created enormous diagnostic confusion. Although the clinical features were suggestive of malignant histiocytosis (MH), marrow findings showed phagocytic histiocytes which did not appear atypical, and the criteria for diagnosis of MH could not be satisfied. Lymph node enlargement was detected only after 14, 5, and 8 weeks from the onset of symptoms, and the diagnosis of T‐lymphoma was then made on lymph node biopsies. Treatment with multiple agent chemotherapy was attempted. Two patients died 3 days and 11 weeks after treatment was started and the third was lost to follow‐up. In contrast with most of the cases reported in the literature, our cases show that a reactive hemophagocytic syndrome can be an early and prominent manifestation of an underlying T‐cell lymphoma. Differentiation from other causes of hemophagocytic syndrome can be difficult and lack of histological proof of malignancy in the initial stage often delays definitive diagnosis and treatment.
High‐affinity binding of [125I]RTI‐55 to dopamine and serotonin transporters in rat brain

RTI‐55 (3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)tropan‐2β‐carboxylic acid methyl ester), one of the most potent inhibitors of dopamine uptake reported to date, was radioiodinated and tested as a probe for the cocaine receptor in Sprague‐Dawley rat brain. Saturation and kinetic studies in the striatum revealed that [125I]RTI‐55 bound to both a high‐ and low‐affinity site. The Kd for the high‐affinity site was 0.2 nM, while the Kd for the low‐affinity site was 5.8 nM. The corresponding number of binding sites in the striatum was 37 and 415 pmol/g protein. The pharmacological profile of specific [125I]RTI‐55 binding in the striatum was consistent with that of the dopamine transporter. Additionally, [125I]RTI‐55 was found to bind with high affinity to the cerebral cortex. Scatchard analysis revealed a single high‐affinity component of 0.2 nM with a density of 2.5 pmol/g protein. The pharmacological profile demonstrated by [125I]RTI‐55 in the cerebral cortex matched that of the serotonin transporter. Autoradiographic analysis of sagittal brain sections with [125I]RTI‐55 binding was consistent with these findings. Specific binding of [125I]RTI‐55 was blocked by dopamine uptake inhibitors in areas rich in dopaminergic nerve terminals. Conversely, serotonin uptake inhibitors blocked the binding of [125I]RTI‐55 in brain areas rich in serotonergic neurons. These results demonstrate that [125I]RTI‐55 may be a very useful ligand for the dopamine and serotonin transporters. Published 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary evaluation of a rapid colorimetric method for identification of pathogenic Neisseria

A rapid colorimetric method for the identification of pathogenic Neisseria (Identicult-Neisseria; Scott Laboratories, Inc.) based on beta-galactosidase, gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase, and gamma-prolylaminopeptidase is described. All 82 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 9 clinical isolates of N. meningitidis, and 5 clinical isolates of N. lactamica were correctly determined to the species level, as were 4 isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis. Reactions were prompt and easily interpreted. The system should be extremely useful in clinical laboratories.
Ultrastructure of plasma cells in harderian gland of laying hens

Ultrastructure of plasma cells in Harderian gland was investigated using the transmission electron microscopy. For this research, we examined the glands of 32 laying hens collected at 1, 7, 20 and 40 days and 4, 6, 8 and 12 months of the birds' ages. The research showed that the stroma of the gland contains a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Most of the plasma cells are mature, but morphologically do not show productive activity. Only some individual plasma cells, situated under the secretory epithelium of primary and secondary ducts, have extremely dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum which contain moderately dense, granular material. The morphology of these cells indicates that they are in active stage of immunoglobulin production. Also, we identified plasma cells with two types of Russell bodies. One type of these bodies was small, round or oval, while the other had irregular, angular shape. It was noted that one plasma cell never contains both type of Russell bodies at the same time. These cells were often affected by apoptosis. Among them, in deeper part of the stroma, were situated the small plasmablast cells.
Characterization of the metabolic demands of simulated shipboard Royal Navy fire-fighting tasks

The purpose of this study was to quantify the metabolic demand of simulated shipboard fire-fighting procedures currently practised by men and women in the Royal Navy (RN) and to identify a minimum level of cardiovascular fitness commensurate with satisfactory performance. Thirty-four males (M) and 15 females (F) volunteered as subjects for this study (n = 49). Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) and heart rate (fc max) of each subject was assessed during a standardized treadmill test. During the main trials, volunteers were randomly assigned to complete several 4-min simulated shipboard fire-fighting tasks (boundary cooling (BC), drum carry (DC), extinguisher carry (EC), hose run (HR), ladder climb (LC)), at a work rate that was endorsed as a minimum acceptable standard. Heart rate (fc) and oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2) were recorded at 10-s intervals during rest, exercise and recovery. Participants completed all tasks within an allocated time with the exception of the DC task, where 11 subjects (all females) failed to maintain the endorsed work rate. The DC task elicited the highest (p< 0.01) group mean peak metabolic demand (PMD) in males (43 ml min-1 kg-1) and females (42 ml min-1 kg-1) who were able to maintain the endorsed work rate. The BC task elicited the lowest PMD (23 ml min-1 kg-1), whilst the remaining three tasks elicited a remarkably similar PMD of 38–39 ml min-1 kg-1. The human endurance limit while wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) dictates that RN personnel are only able to fire-fight for 20–30 min, while wearing a full fire-fighting ensemble (FFE) and performing a combination of the BC, HR and LC tasks, which have a group mean metabolic demand of 32.8 ml min-1 kg-1. Given that in healthy subjects fire-fighting can be sustained at a maximum work intensity of 80% [Vdot]O2max when wearing SCBA for this duration, it is recommended that all RN personnel achieve a [Vdot]O2max of 41 ml min-1 kg-1 as an absolute minimum standard. Subjects with a higher [Vdot]O2max than the above quoted minimum are able to complete the combination of tasks listed with greater metabolic efficiency and less fatigue.
Using Plant Growth-promoting Fungi (PGPF), as a Biofertilizer and Biocontrol Agents against Tetranychus cucurbitacearum on Nubian Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) have attracted considerable interest as biofertilizers and biocontrol due to their multiple beneficial effects on plant quantity and quality as well as their positive relationship with the ecological environment. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of different concentrations 25, 50, 75 and 100% from cultural filtrate of Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum to induce the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (In vitro), and their ability to improve the growth dynamics of Nubian watermelon plants in field experiment during two growing summer seasons of 2017 and 2018. In general the effect of tested concentrations of T. viride were non effective on egg deposition by adult females after five days from treatment, while in T. harzianum, the concentration 75% was the most effect than the other concentrations. Also, egg hatchability % decreased with increased of two egg age (1 – 2 day old) at treatment by concentrations 25 and 50% of both fungal. In field experiment, the test compound (vertimec) was the more effective against egg stage of spider mite T. cucurbitacearum than motile stages of both T. viride and T. harzianum treatments. Also, plants inoculated with T. harzianum showed increases in vegetative growth parameters included numbers of leaves, Leaf dry weight, stem length and numbers of branches and biochemical analysis of leaves included chlorophyll content and percentages of NPK at 30 and 60 days from sowing during both seasons compared to uninoculated control plants. Also, enzymes activities, treatment T2 (inoculated with T. viride) recorded the highest values at all growth stages, which recorded 155.77, 257.29 and 114.62 mg TPF g-1 soil day-1 for dehydrogenase and 113.79, 201.03 and 115.24 mg NH4+- N g-1 soil d-1 for urease at 30, 60 and harvest during 2017 growing season, respectively. The same trend was observed in total count of fungi during both seasons. For fruit yield, T. viride (T2) had significantly the highest number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, fruit weight (g) and dry weight of 100 seeds (g) which recorded 1.92, 273.07, 1126 g and 16.29 g as compared to untreated control treatment, which attained 1.21, 185.08, 526.66 g and 14.41 g at 2017 season, respectively. Therefore, these results reflected to increase fruit yield (Kg/m2), seed yield (g/m2) and weight of yield (ton fed.-1) during both seasons.
Hematologic, Biochemical, and Cytologic Findings from Apparently Healthy Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA

The objective of this study was to establish reference baseline data for hematologic, biochemical, and cytologic findings in apparently healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Sixty-two dolphins were captured, examined, and released during June 2003 and June 2004. Mean, standard deviation, and range were calculated for each parameter, and values for which published data were available, were close to or within the ranges previously reported for free-ranging bottlenose dolphins. No pathologic abnormalities were found in fecal and blowhole cytologic specimens. However, 24% (7/29) of the dolphins examined in 2003 had evidence of gastritis, which was graded as severe in 14% (4/29) of the cases. In 2004, only 4% (1/24) of dolphins sampled had evidence of mild or moderate gastritis; no severe inflammation was present. Dolphins with evidence of gastritis were 8 yr of age or older and predominantly male. Several statistically significant differences were found between males and females, between pregnant and nonpregnant animals, and between juveniles (<6 yr) and adults (≥6 yr). However, the values remained within the established ranges for this species, and the differences were not likely to be of clinical significance.
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in postsurgical follow-up examinations of meningioma.

UNLABELLED Surgery is the treatment of choice in patients with meningioma. However, the risk of postoperative, local recurrence is well-known since total resection is not always feasible. Moreover, in these patients MRI may fail to differentiate between tumor remnants, recurrent meningioma or nonspecific hyperperfusion. In this study, the value of functional imaging using somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) was evaluated in postsurgical follow-up. METHODS Before and 2-3 mo after surgery, 27 patients with meningioma received MRI as well as SRS after intravenous injection of 200 MBq 111In-octreotide. Planar whole-body images were obtained at 10 min, 1, 4 and 24 hr postinjection, and SPECT was performed at 4 and 24 hr postinjection. The final diagnosis was proven histologically in all patients. RESULTS Before surgery, MRI showed focal contrast enhancement in all patients, and SRS revealed focal accumulation of 111In-octreotide. Thus, MRI and SRS yielded comparable results in all 27 patients. After surgery, MRI showed diffuse contrast enhancement in the area of the primary tumor site in all patients. Thus, MRI did not allow a differentiation between tumor and nonspecific hyperperfusion. In contrast, SRS revealed focal accumulation of 111In-octreotide in 16 of 27 patients indicating remaining tumor tissue or relapse of meningioma. This resulted either in an operative revision or in more frequent postsurgical follow-up examinations. In 11 of 27 patients, SRS was negative. Thus, total resection of meningioma was assumed, and no further interventions were performed. CONCLUSION Functional imaging using SRS is a highly specific imaging modality and has a significant impact in postsurgical follow-up in patients with meningioma.
Acute and chronic toxicity of sodium sulfate to four freshwater organisms in water‐only exposures

The acute and chronic toxicity of sulfate (tested as sodium sulfate) was determined in diluted well water (hardness of 100 mg/L and pH 8.2) with a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia; 2‐d and 7‐d exposures), a midge (Chironomus dilutus; 4‐d and 41‐d exposures), a unionid mussel (pink mucket, Lampsilis abrupta; 4‐d and 28‐d exposures), and a fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; 4‐d and 34‐d exposures). Among the 4 species, the cladoceran and mussel were acutely more sensitive to sulfate than the midge and fathead minnow, whereas the fathead minnow was chronically more sensitive than the other 3 species. Acute‐to‐chronic ratios ranged from 2.34 to 5.68 for the 3 invertebrates but were as high as 12.69 for the fish. The fathead minnow was highly sensitive to sulfate during the transitional period from embryo development to hatching in the diluted well water, and thus, additional short‐term (7‐ to 14‐d) sulfate toxicity tests were conducted starting with embryonic fathead minnow in test waters with different ionic compositions at a water hardness of 100 mg/L. Increasing chloride in test water from 10 mg Cl/L to 25 mg Cl/L did not influence sulfate toxicity to the fish, whereas increasing potassium in test water from 1 mg K/L to 3 mg K/L substantially reduced the toxicity of sulfate. The results indicate that both acute and chronic sulfate toxicity data, and the influence of potassium on sulfate toxicity to fish embryos, need to be considered when environmental guidance values for sulfate are developed or refined. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:115–127. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States.
Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Pretreatment of Schisandra Lignans on Regulating Hepatic and Intestinal CYP3A in Rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Schisandra lignan extract (SLE) with short- and long-term pretreatment on regulating rat hepatic and intestinal CYP3A for a comprehensive evaluation of metabolism-based herb-drug interactions. Inhibitory effects of SLE and its major components on rat CYP3A were confirmed in both hepatic and intestinal microsomal incubation systems. After a single dose of SLE pretreatment, higher Cmax and area under the concentration-time curves from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) values were observed for intragastric midazolam (MDZ), whereas those for the intravenous MDZ were little changed. The mechanism-based inhibition of SLE toward CYP3A was further confirmed in vivo, characterized with a recovery half-life of 38 h. In contrast, SLE long-term treatment enhanced both hepatic (2.5-fold) and intestinal (4.0-fold) CYP3A protein expression and promoted the in vivo clearance of MDZ. When MDZ was coadministered with SLE after a consecutive long-term treatment, the AUC0-∞ value of MDZ was still lower than that of the control group, suggesting a much stronger inducing than inhibiting effect of SLE toward CYP3A. Furthermore, the intragastric administration of SLE exhibited a more intensive regulating effect toward intestinal than hepatic CYP3A, which could be partially explained by the relatively high exposures of lignans in the intestine. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive map for showing the complicated effects of SLE and its components on regulating rat CYP3A. The important findings are that SLE possesses a much stronger inducing than inhibiting effect on CYP3A, as well as a more intensive regulating effect on intestinal than hepatic CYP3A.
Teacher Role Stress, Satisfaction, Commitment, and Intentions to Leave: A Structural Model

Structural equation modeling was used to assess the plausibility of a conceptual model specifying hypothesized linkages among teachers' perceptions of the role stresses of role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload and commitment, satisfaction, and intentions to leave their employing school. 178 teachers in four high schools in a southern coastal region of California responded to survey questions designed to capture the above constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess whether the role-stress items fit hypothesized constructs. Structural equation modeling results indicated that satisfaction and commitment are two mediators in the role stresses–intentions to leave relationship.
Uniform Sampling of Subshifts of Finite Type on Grids and Trees

Let us color the vertices of the grid ℤd or the infinite regular tree 𝕋d, using a finite number of colors, with the constraint that some predefined pairs of colors are not allowed for adjacent vertices. The set of admissible colorings is called a nearest-neighbor subshift of finite type (SFT). We study “uniform” probability measures on SFT, with the motivation of having an insight into “typical” admissible configurations. We recall the known results on uniform measures on SFT on grids and we complete the picture by presenting some contributions to the description of uniform measures on SFT on 𝕋d. Then we focus on the problem of uniform random sampling of configurations of SFT. We propose a first method based on probabilistic cellular automata, which is valid under some restrictive conditions. Then we concentrate on the case of SFT on ℤ for which we propose several alternative sampling methods.