Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poor Level of Physical Activity in Patients with Fibromyalgia Compared to European and French General Populations

Background: Patients suffering from fibromyalgia reported to have a lower level of physical activity than the general population. The aim of this study was to assess physical activity in patients with fibromyalgia referred to French Pain Clinics and to compare it with data obtained from a large European survey, the “Eurobarometer 64.3” (EB 64.3). Methods: This observational study was conducted in seven French Pain Clinics and included 76 patients with fibromyalgia. Daily physical activity was assessed by patients at their first Pain Clinic visit using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). According to IPAQ items, the number of days per week spent “walking”, in “moderate physical activity”, “vigorous physical activity” and “sitting” was recorded and compared (significance<0.05) with French and European data obtained from the EB 64.3 according to age and gender categories using Student t-test or Welch’s test (significance<0.05). Results: Compared to general French (Fr) and European (Eu) populations, 76 patients with fibromyalgia (FM) reported significantly lesser physical activity (days/week) in moderate physical activity (FM: 1.8 ± 1.1; Fr: 2.0; P=0.12; Eu: 2.5; P<0.001), vigorous physical activity (FM: 0.6 ± 0.9; Fr: 1.6; Eu: 1.7; P<0.001) and walking (FM: 1.8 ± 1.4; Fr: 4.5; Eu: 4.6; P<0.001). Time spent in moderate physical activity during leisure time (28.5 mins/week) was well below international recommendations (150 mins/week). Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that patients with fibromyalgia are significantly much less active than general French and European populations and their daily physical activity are below international recommendations. In fibromyalgia, factors of this deconditioning such as pain, kinesiophobia or mitochondrial dysfunction need to be further investigated in order to improve fibromyalgia therapeutic strategies. Adaptation and individualization of physical rehabilitation programs for fibromyalgia patients are recommended to improve the clinical symptoms, but the long-term benefits of tailored exercise in fibromyalgia remain to be assessed.
Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source

A simple general treatment of x-ray image formation by Fresnel diffraction is presented; the image can alternatively be considered as an in-line hologram. Particular consideration is given to phase-contrast microscopy and imaging using hard x rays. The theory makes use of the optical transfer function in a similar way to that used in the theory of electron microscope imaging. Resolution and contrast are the criteria used to specify the visibility of an image. Resolution in turn depends primarily on the spatial coherence of the illumination, with chromatic coherence of lesser importance. Thus broadband microfocus sources can give useful phase-contrast images. Both plane- and spherical-wave conditions are explicitly considered as limiting cases appropriate to macroscopic imaging and microscopy, respectively, while intermediate cases may also be of practical interest. Some results are presented for x-ray images showing phase contrast.
Role of 'Vision' in Neighbourhood Racial Segregation: A Variant of the Schelling Segregation Model

The Schelling model of neighbourhood racial segregation is extended to include agents who can authentically 'see' their neighbours up to a distance R, called 'vision'. By exploring the consequences of systematically varying R, an understanding has been developed of how vision interacts with racial preferences and minority concentrations and leads to novel, complex segregation behaviour. Three regimes have been discovered: an unstable regime, where societies invariably segregate; a stable regime, where integrated societies remain stable; and an intermediate regime where a complex behaviour is observed. Detailed results are presented for the symmetrical case (which maximises conflict), where equal numbers of agents of two races occupy the same cityscape. The policy implications of these simulations are briefly indicated.
Adult Attachment

This study investigated the nature of the relationship between child sexual abuse, adult attachment style as measured by the Relationship Questionnaire, and psychological adjustment as measured by the Trauma Symptom Inventory. Participants were 307 female university students, including 85 women with a history of child sexual abuse. Results indicated that a history of child sexual abuse predicted both psychological adjustment and adult attachment style, and that adult attachment style predicted psychological adjustment. In addition, a mediational model in which attachment mediates between child sexual abuse and later psychological adjustment was supported. Results are discussed in terms of implications for conducting therapy with child sexual abuse survivors.
A Systematic Review of Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy in India and its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

Background: Vitamin D is a hormone that has long been known to play a crucial role in bone mineralization. However, it has recently been implicated in a variety of conditions, such as cancer, respiratory illnesses, immune system modification, and muscle weakness [1]. With a growing body of evidence that, even at tropical latitudes, pregnant women are particularly at risk for vitamin D deficiency, many researchers have begun to clarify the prevalence of this condition around the world, its relationship with a variety of health outcomes, and the most effective ways to combat deficiency. Objective: To summarize the body of evidence concerning vitamin D deficiency in India, risk factors, and its association with maternal and fetal health outcomes. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched using the keywords “vitamin D” and “India” and “pregnancy. ” A systematic review was applied to all observational and interventional studies assessing serum 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels during pregnancy, risk factors, and outcomes. Results: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria and quality control testing. Studies report that 66-98% of pregnant Indian women have vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L, the standard for deficiency adopted by many studies. Mean levels of 25(OH)D ranged from 21.9-81.7 nmol/L. Maternal vitamin D level was correlated in several studies with season, but there was little consensus regarding associated health outcomes. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in India in pregnant women but conclusions regarding risk factors and adverse outcomes are unclear. Additional studies with larger sample sizes analyzing risk factors for deficiency and adverse outcomes are necessary. VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PREGNANCY IN INDIA 3 VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PREGNANCY IN INDIA 4
Organizing for Prosperity: Collective Action, Political Parties and the Political Economy of Development

The ability of citizens to act collectively plays a central role in major debates in the political economy of development, including the causes and consequences of democratization and clientelism. This essay uses two lines of research to underscore the importance of explicitly introducing the organization of collective action into these debates. Exhaustive research on the management of open access resources demonstrates that citizens' ability to act collectively depends on non-trivial organizational arrangements that allow leaders to sanction free-riding and allow members to replace leaders if they shirk. Other research demonstrates wide variability in the organization of political parties. In countries where political parties do not have these two organizational characteristics, public policies are less friendly to economic development. This evidence suggests that in future research on democracy, state-building and development, citizen organization should be a central object of analysis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Antibiotics Susceptibility among Patients of Nosocomial infection in Hillah City, Iraq

Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram negative pathogens consederd as the most challenging pathogen. It is one of the most important causative agents of nosocomial infections and difficult to eradicate due to acquired resistance to many antibiotics. The nosocomial infections by P. aeruginosa is considered a major healthcare problem and appearance resistant to many antibiotic. Materials and Methods: This studied in 45 clinical isolateswere cultured and identified. The P. aeruginosa test by disk agar diffusion method to profiles Antibiotic susceptibility Results: The Results of disk sensitivity testing for P. aeruginosa showed 35 (77.7%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to Cefotaxime , 7 (15.5%) were resistant and 3 (6.6%) of isolates showed intermediate resistance. Conclusion: The high frequency of Ambiciline resistance was seen among our P. aeruginosa isolates. Since Piperacillin are considered as the last drugs used for treatment of P. aeruginosa infections, it is crucial to screen imipenem non-susceptible isolates in infection control and optimal therapy.
School achievement of pupils from the lower strata in public, private government-dependent and private government-independent schools: A cross-national test of the Coleman-Hoffer thesis 1

We consider the question whether pupils from the lower social strata perform better in private government-dependent schools than in public or private-independent schools, using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 data on European high schools. In the 1980s, Coleman and Hoffer (1987) found in the USA that the performance of these pupils was better at religious schools than at comparable public schools. Dronkers and Robert (2003) found in PISA data for 19 comparable countries that private government-dependent schools are more effective than comparable public schools, also after controlling for characteristics of pupils and parents and the social composition of the school. The main explanation appeared to be a better school climate in private government-dependent schools. Private independent schools were less effective than comparable public schools, but only after controlling for the social composition of the school. As a follow-up we now investigate, again with the PISA data of these 19 countries, whether this positive effect of private government-dependent schools differs between pupils from different strata. We use various indicators to measure social strata: social, cultural, and economic. We expect that the thesis of Coleman and Hoffer does hold for private government-dependent schools because in these 19 countries they are mostly religious schools, which have more opportunities to form functional communities and create social capital. But for private independent schools, which because of their commercial foundation are less often functional communities, this relation is not expected to hold. However, the results show that public and private schools have mostly the same effects for the same kind of pupils and thus mostly do not favor one kind of pupils above another kind of pupils. But private government-dependent schools are slightly more effective for pupils with less cultural capital and private independent schools are also more effective for pupils from large families or low status families.
Model-based testing of PLC software: test of plants' reliability by using fault injection on component level

Abstract In this paper, the current situation of how PLC software is tested in industry is analyzed and the challenges on new testing approaches are identified using real industry code and a survey conducted within industry. The different possible and most relevant faults that may occur and must be dealt with are identified and requirements for testing approaches concerning component failures are derived. Further on, an approach to generate tests for error handling routines, which test the reliability of plants by injecting the corresponding faults is presented. The test cases are generated from timing sequence diagrams in combination with failure mode and effects analysis. In order to inject the faults at relevant points during the execution of the control software, IEC 61131-3 code is analyzed for the derivation of the test cases.
Modeling Three Dimensional Ground Reaction Force Using Nanocomposite Piezoresponsive Foam Sensors

Modeling Three Dimensional Ground Reaction Force Using Nanocomposite Piezoresponsive Foam Sensors Parker Gary Rosquist Department of Mechanical Engineering, BYU Master of Science Three dimensional (3D) ground reaction force (GRF) are an essential component for gait analysis. Current methods for measuring 3D GRF involve using a stationary force plate embedded in the ground, which captures the forces as subjects walk across the platform. This approach has several limitations, a few being: it can only capture a few steps at a time, it is expensive to purchase and maintain, it can’t reflect forces caused by natural uneven surfaces, etc. Previous research has attempted to develop wearable force sensors to overcome these problems; however, these endeavors have resulted in devices that are expensive, bulky, and fail to accurately measure forces when compared to static force plates. This thesis presents the implementation and validation of novel nanocomposite piezoresponsive foam (NCPF) sensors for measuring 3D GRF. Four NCPF sensors were embedded in a shoe sole at four locations: heel, arch, ball, and toe. The signals from each sensor were used in a functional data analysis (FDA) to develop a statistical model for estimating 3D GRF. The process of calibrating the sensors to model GRF was validated through a study where 9 subjects (4 females, 5 males) walked on a force-sensing treadmill for two minutes. Two approaches were used to model the GRF response. The first approach was based on functional decomposition of the data. Using a tenfold cross validation process a statistical model was developed for each subject with the ability to predict walking 3D GRF with less than 7% error. The second approach used machine learning to model 3D GRF. Using the same walking data for the statistical models, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to create subjectspecific models that could predict walking 3D GRF with less than 11% error. The predictive capabilities of ANN were tested using a pilot study where a single subject performed a calibration procedure by running at seven different speeds for thirty seconds each on the forcesensing treadmill. This calibration data was used to train a model, which was then used to estimate vertical GRF (VGRF) for three additional running trials at randomly selected speeds from within the calibration range. The ANN model was able to predict VGRF for three running speeds after calibration with less than 4% error. The use of NCPF sensors to estimate 3D GRF was shown to be a viable alternative to static force plates. It is recommended, in future work, that 3D GRF and subsequent sensor data be collected from a large sample of subjects to create a baseline of 3D GRF characteristics for a population that will enable a robust cross-subject model capable of performing real-time ground reaction force analysis across the general population, which will greatly benefit our understanding of human gait.
Citizen Satisfaction with Police Encounters

This article examines the character and consequences of encounters between police and residents of the city of Chicago. It describes the frequency with which they contacted the police for assistance or support and how often they were stopped by them. Follow-up questions gathered information about the character of those contacts. The analysis contrasts the effects of experiential, on-scene factors with those of race, age, gender, and language on satisfaction with encounters. It demonstrates the great importance of the quality of routine police-citizen encounters, for things that officers did on the spot dominated in determining satisfaction. The personal characteristics of city residents played an important role in shaping who was treated in this way or that and affected satisfaction primarily through on-scene actions by police.
Effects of operational parameters on the treatment of nitrate‐rich wastewater by autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria

The effects of the C/N ratio, as well as hydrogen gas and substrate concentrations, on the treatment of nitrate‐rich wastewater by autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria in sequencing batch reactors were investigated. Among the various C/N ratios applied in this study, a C/N ratio of 4 was found to be the most suitable ratio that resulted in faster growth and adaptation. The denitrification rate improved with less accumulation of nitrite with increasing H2 sparging time. Moreover, an increase in nitrate concentration resulted in high nitrite accumulation. The nitrite accumulated to 601 mg/L NO2‐N when the nitrate concentration was 1000 mg/L NO3–‐N. The specific degradation rates for nitrate and nitrite were found to be 27.8 mg NO3−‐N/g MLVSS/d and 50 mg NO2−‐N/g MLVSS/d, respectively, when the C/N ratio was 2, and H2 as electron donor was sparged for 1 min with 2 h interval.
Anthropogenic and biogenic influence on VOC fluxes at an urban background site in Helsinki, Finland

Abstract. We measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) at an urban background site near the city centre of Helsinki, Finland, northern Europe. The VOC and CO2 measurements were obtained between January 2013 and September 2014 whereas for CO a shorter measurement campaign in April–May 2014 was conducted. Both anthropogenic and biogenic sources were identified for VOCs in the study. Strong correlations between VOC fluxes and CO fluxes and traffic rates indicated anthropogenic source of many VOCs. The VOC with the highest emission rate to the atmosphere was methanol, which originated mostly from traffic and other anthropogenic sources. The traffic was also a major source for aromatic compounds in all seasons whereas isoprene was mostly emitted from biogenic sources during summer. Some amount of traffic-related isoprene emissions were detected during other seasons but this might have also been an instrumental contamination from cycloalkane products. Generally, the observed VOC fluxes were found to be small in comparison with previous urban VOC flux studies. However, the differences were probably caused by lower anthropogenic activities as the CO2 fluxes were also relatively small at the site.
Collisions of antiprotons with hydrogen molecular ions

Time-dependent close-coupling calculations of the ionization and excitation cross section for antiproton collisions with molecular hydrogen ions are performed in an impact-energy range from 0.5 keV to 10 MeV. The Born-Oppenheimer and Franck-Condon approximations as well as the impact parameter method are applied in order to describe the target molecule and the collision process. It is shown that three perpendicular orientations of the molecular axis with respect to the trajectory are sufficient to accurately reproduce the ionization cross section calculated by [Sakimoto, Phys. Rev. A 71, 062704 (2005)] reducing the numerical effort drastically. The independent-event model is employed to approximate the cross section for double ionization and H+ production in antiproton collisions with H2.
Deliverable 2.3.1 Sparse Nonlinear MIMO Filtering and Identification

In this chapter system identification algorithms for sparse nonlinear multi input multi output (MIMO) systems are developed. These algorithms are potentially useful in a variety of application areas including digital transmission systems incorporating power amplifier(s) along with multiple antennas, cognitive processing, adaptive control of nonlinear multivariable systems, and multivariable biological systems. Sparsity is a key constraint imposed on the model. The presence of sparsity is often dictated by physical considerations as in wireless fading channel– estimation. In other cases it appears as a pragmatic modelling approach that seeks to cope with the curse of dimensionality, particularly acute in nonlinear systems like Volterra type series. Three identification approaches are discussed: conventional identification based on both input and output samples, semi–blind identification placing emphasis on minimal input resources and blind identification whereby only output samples are available plus a–priori information on input characteristics. Based on this taxonomy a variety of algorithms, existing and new, are studied and evaluated by simulations.
The nature of self-employment: how does gender matter?

This paper analyses female and male entrepreneurship and the differences between them in Finland. The female self-employment rate is clearly lower than that of male self-employment in Finland. The paper shows that differing behaviour accounts for differing rates of self-employment between females and males. The predicted earnings differential between self-employment and paid employment has a divergent effect on the probabilities of self-employment. For males, it is positive (as expected). For females, it has no effect, which accentuates the other motives they have for self-employment. Both spouse and family are found to have bigger effects on female self-employment than on male self-employment. Yet, personal characteristics are behind entrepreneurship for both sexes. Regional characteristics are more important for male than female self-employment. The analysis is based on a structural probit model and a large register-based data set representing a 7% random sample of all Finns in 2001.
Christian Counsellors' Views on Working with Gay and Lesbian Clients:Integrating Religious Beliefs with Counselling Ethics

Thirty-one counsellors who identified themselves as practising, committed Christians, returned completed questionnaires that investigated how they integrate their Christian beliefs with their professional ethical code when counselling gay and lesbian clients. It was found that although most respondents believed that they were able to accept gay and lesbian clients, a minority demonstrated incongruence in relation to members of this client group, and were judgmental about perceived gay/lesbian behavious. Counsellors who took a rational stance in their understanding of the Bible and Christianity expressed more open and accepting views. Counsellors with a literalist approach to the Bible appeared to be lacking in acceptance and were unaware that they may not be offering the core condition of respect to their gay or lesbian clients. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for supervision, research and practice.