Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey of the Incidence of Viral Infections in Calanthe spp. and Characterization of a GW Isolate of Cymbidium mosaic virus in Korea

Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) is a major virus infecting orchid plants and causing economic loss. In this study, the incidence of viral infection in Calanthe spp. at the Korean Institute of Calanthe was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The CymMV infection rate was 42%, and the two viruses Odontoglossum ringspot virus and Cucumber mosaic virus had frequencies of 8% and 2%, respectively. Additionally, we characterized an isolate of CymMV, CymMV-GW, using biological tests and examined the nucleotide sequence properties of its complete genome. CymMVGW induced chlorotic ringspots and chlorotic spot symptoms in inoculated leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor and Nicotiana benthamiana, respectively. In this study, we have for the first complete genome sequence of CymMV-GW in Korea. The CymMV-GW genome was 6,225 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly-(A) tail, and showed whole-genome nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of 97.7% and 100%, respectively, with the NJ-1 isolate of CymMV. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the CymMV-GW isolate and viral infection rates for Calanthe spp. in Korea.
Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Bacteria Involved in Decubitus Ulcers

Background : Bacterial secondary infection of pressure ulcers (bedsores), so called as decubitus ulcers, leads to ulcer development and it interferes with the healing process. Thus, such infections can be lethal due to the sepsis if no constructive medicinal measures regarded. Drug resistance of bacteria in pressure ulcers leads to healing inhibition. Molecular identification of bacteria involved in such infections seem necessary as culture and phenotypic approaches may result in misidentification. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify aerobic bacteria detected in bedsores in three Hospitals: Rasool-e-Akram, Imam Hossein and Tajrish Shohada Hospitals, Tehran, Iran. Methods : To this end, decubitus ulcer samples of 49 patients were obtained using sterile swabs. After direct microscopic examination, the swabs were used to streak BHI agar plates supplemented with %5 defibrinated sheep blood for enrichment of probable aerobic cultures. Bacterial isolates diagnosed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates determined based on CLSI guideline. For molecular identification, PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene performed using Eubacterial universal primers. Then, the PCR products were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences of the PCR products were analyzed by BLASTN similarity search program available at NCBI. Results : Among the isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36%) had the highest frequency, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (32%) and Escherichia coli (30%). The frequencies of Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus spp. were 10% and 8%, respectively. Most of the isolated bacteria showed a widespread antibiotic resistance. Molecular identification of the bacterial isolates resulted in 6 isolates of Escherichia coli , two isolates of each of Proteus mirabilis and Shigella spp. , 4 isolates of Enterobacter cloacae , and 1 isolate of each of Cronobacter sakazakii and Morganella morganii . Conclusion : Results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as the most frequent bacterial species detected in pressure ulcers; however, bacterial prevalence may be different in different hospital wards.
Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars III. Effect of the initial helium spread on the position of stars in a synthetic Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

Context. Globular clusters host multiple populations of long-lived low-mass stars whose origin remains an open question. Several scenarios have been proposed to explain the associated photometric and spectroscopic peculiarities. They differ, for instance, in the maximum helium enrichment they predict for stars of the second population, which these stars can inherit at birth as the result of the internal pollution of the cluster by different types of stars of the first population. Aims. We present the distribution of helium-rich stars in present-day globular clusters as it is expected in the original framework of the fast-rotating massive stars scenario (FRMS) as first-population polluters. We focus on NGC 6752. (to be continued)
Sectoral Productivity and Real Exchange Rate Appreciation: Much Ado about Nothing?*

Using panel data for selected national economies, we estimate relative price changes stemming from fluctuations in sectoral productivity. Subsequently, we calculate the cross-country CPIinflation differentials implied by sectorally unbalanced productivity growth, taking into account country-specific weights of non-tradables in consumption (value added) and assuming there are no adjustments in nominal exchange rates. We find that sectoral productivity developments have a statistically significant impact on relative prices in the EU countries and also in the Czech Republic, but the magnitude of the impact is not as strong as the Balassa-Samuelson Effect (BSEF) would predict. The final impact of relative productivity on inflation (on the real exchange rate) is even weaker, and moreover, in the case of the Czech Republic the impact is negligible. Thus, contrary to the prevailing view, we question the meaning of the BSEF as a plausible explanatory variable of (equilibrium) real exchange rate determination in the Czech Republic. The same situation we simulate for the future, should productivity growth in the traded sector not accelerate dramatically.
FAST BEAM DYNAMICS INVESTIGATION BASED ON AN ADC FILLING PATTERN MEASUREMENT

A diagnostic tool to determine the longitudinal particle filling pattern has been installed at the 1.5 GeV electron storage ring Delta. The instrument is PC-based using an ADC-conversion at a sampling rate of 2 GS/s and a nominal bandwidth of 1 GHz which is applied to the sum signal of a single storage ring beam position monitor (BPM). By sampling over successive turns the resolution is enhanced by one order of magnitude allowing an easy access to the longitudinal particle distribution inside the ring. The data obtained turn-by-turn over hundreds of revolutions can be further analysed by FFT-techniques allowing a fast detection (≈ 1 s) oflongitudinalcoupledbunchmode(CBM) instabilities from the phase modulated spectrum. The application of the FFT to the amplitude modulated particle distribution moreoverallows a ”post mortem”-investigationof CBM induced beam loss. The paper will present the layout of the diagnostic system and will report on filling pattern measurements as well as on investigations of longitudinal CBM-instabilities.
Alternative Medicine for Hair Loss

In recent years, people have begun to give further emphasis to the external beauty, especially for their hair. Except drugs with proven effectiveness, complementary and alternative treatment options that have not yet been clarified of their effectiveness and side effect profiles have been used for centuries. Many plants or their extracts are widely used to prevent hair loss and treat alopecia (e.g., androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, or traction alopecia) worldwide, especially in Far Eastern countries. The mechanisms of action of these plants are still unknown. Although there are little randomized-controlled studies investigating the effectiveness in the treatment of hair loss, reported results have demonstrated that complementary and alternative medicine will become much more popular in the near future.
Perceptions and Attitudes towards Integrating Internet in EFL Instruction in Iran

This study investigated Iranian EFL teachers’ and learners’ perceptions and attitudes towards integrating Internet in EFL instruction; and the congruence of their attitudes and perceptions. As a mixed-method research, the data was collected both through questionnaires and interviews. Chi-square test was run for quantitative data and the qualitative data were transcribed, coded and thematized. The findings gathered from both qualitative and quantitative methods showed that both teachers and learners had positive perceptions and attitudes towards integrating Internet in EFL instruction and indicated that the factors like lack of facilities and hardware equipment limit Internet integration in Iranian setting. Moreover, the groups indicated that using Internet in EFL instruction and teaching process could be facilitative because of more accessibility to authentic sources, possibility of teacher-student interaction out of the educational environment and improvement of acquiring English learning skills in a faster and efficient way.
Distribution of aerobic arsenite oxidase genes within the Aquificales.

The Aquificales are one of the dominant bacterial orders associated with arsenic-rich geothermal environments, however, their role in arsenic transformations has not been fully characterized. In this report, we examined the distribution of aerobic arsenite oxidase genes (aroA-like) among 26 Aquificales isolates from geographically distinct marine and terrestrial hydrothermal systems. Arsenite-oxidase genes were detected in two Hydrogenobacter strains and one Sulfurihydrogenibium strain isolated from terrestrial springs in the Uzon Caldera and the Geyser Valley of Kamchatka, Russia, but were absent in other phylogenetically closely related strains isolated from the same thermal systems. The arsenite-oxidation activities of these aroA-positive strains were also confirmed. The newly identified aroAlike sequences share high sequence similarity to aroA genes identified in other thermophilic bacteria, but still formed separate clades from previously identified aroA sequences. These results extend our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Mo-pterin arsenite oxidases in the Aquificales, an important step in understanding the evolutionary relationships of deeply-rooted bacterial arsenite oxidases relative to the diversity of aroA-like genes now known to exist across the bacterial domain.
Towards a contingent understanding of the characteristics and managerial challenges of management consultancy operations

This paper finds that OM’s ‘one-size-fits-all’ characterization of professional services, namely high levels of customer engagement, extensive customization, knowledge intensity, and low levels of capital intensity, does not hold when carrying out a ‘deep dive’ (to the best of our knowledge, a first in this area of OM) into consultancy in the US travel, tourism, and hospitality sector. We analyse mixed-method data (semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a best-worst choice experimental survey) and observe that consultancy can actually be quite remote and passive and that any periods of face-to-face ‘engagement’ will typically be time limited and focused on specific project phases. Moreover, and further confirming the value of a study that allowed us to investigate professional service operations in a specific market context, our data suggest this may often be at the behest of the client. The significant variation observed in levels of customization we interpret as confirming Maister’s (1993) notion of a portfolio of brains , grey hair , and procedural work. We also observed relatively high levels of capital intensity; reflecting perhaps the vintage of most OM characterizations and the dramatic ICT-related changes that have occurred in all business operations in the last 20 years. The work also demonstrates the necessity of a more contingent perspective on PSOM. We assess the impact of both firm (scale, specialization) and individual level (leverage) characteristics to demonstrate significant variation within what might be expected to be a relatively homogenous group of professional service operations. For example, investigating the effects of specialization (via a typology of consulting operations: super-specialists, generalists, deep knowledge traders, deep market knowledge traders) revealed that relative degree of interaction may be dependent upon degree of expertise, such that it was the super-specialists in our sample that spent less time with clients and the more generalist firms who were complementing their limited expert status with high levels of interaction (networking, etc.).
Test Development Strategies Used by Saudi In-Service Teachers of English as a School Subject

This study investigates how in-service teachers of English as a school subject (ESS) in Saudi schools deal with test construction, administration, and score analyses. To answer the study’s questions, a 60-item questionnaire was constructed according to the suggestions and recommendations of language testing specialists reported in the literature. The questionnaire was built according to seven dimensions: specifications/blueprints, test writing, moderation, test administration, scoring, analyses of students’ scores, and item banking. 199 female and male intermediate and high ESS teachers in Saudi schools, with different years of experience in teaching English, completed the questionnaire. The findings indicated that ESS teachers in Saudi schools do not usually follow suggested recommendations pertinent to the above-mentioned dimensions. Their tests are written without planned specifications or clear blueprints. Besides, ESS teachers- regardless of their gender, years of experience, or the level they teach- rarely moderate their tests. They rarely analyze their student test scores or store good testing items in an item bank for future use. The study provides suggestions and recommendations to improve the current situation. Workshops, seminars, and on-the-job training should be conducted. Academic departments in Saudi universities responsible for English teacher preparation programs should introduce courses related to language testing if they do not have any or increase their numbers if they already have some. The study concludes with suggestions for future research.
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING Flow structures in solid-liquid suspensions in mixing and confined jets

This thesis investigates the influence of solid particles on different liquid flow systems. Large-scale periodic fluctuations such as macro instability (MI) phenomena in a mixing vessel and jet flows in a confined jet were experimentally analyzed by means of LDV. The influences of different sized (0.5mm-2mm) glass particles (0%vol 6.2%vol) on the velocity and turbulence distribution in a jet were investigated, as well as the effects of varying the amounts of solid particles (up to 11.8%vol) on the frequency and amplitude of macro instabilities. Two component LDV measurements were conducted at different locations in the jet and in the mixing vessel. The values were evaluated using the Lomb algorithm to obtain frequency spectra of the liquid flow. The average axial and lateral velocities, as well as RMS distributions, were determined together with the integral length scale in the confined jet to analyse particle effect. The particle Stoke number was evaluated for the different sized particles and the different flow situations. The results showed that the MI frequency is not influenced by the addition of solids. However, the MI amplitude was reduced by the addition of the solid phase although still detectable up to the highest concentration measured (11.8 %vol). The particles (1.5mm) with a Stokes number of 1.1, related to the time scale of MI phenomena, caused an increase in MI strength at intermediate solids loading. This phenomenon could not be observed for smaller particles. No change in the rate of decrease of the centreline velocity or the jet expansion ratio could be observed in the confined jet configuration. The RMS values in the jet increased at high particle loadings; the increase was particularly pronounced in the shear layer close to the nozzle. With increasing particle size a greater effect on the RMS values could be observed. The frequency spectra of the flow and the strength of the large-scale instabilities were only affected by the suspension with the 2mm particles. The 2mm particles had a stabilizing effect on the jet and moved the instability further downstream while the frequency was unaffected.
CATEGORICITY OF MODULAR AND SHIMURA CURVES

We describe a model-theoretic setting for the study of Shimura varieties, and study the interaction between model theory and arithmetic geometry in this setting. In particular, we show that the model-theoretic statement of a certain ${\mathcal{L}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$ -sentence having a unique model of cardinality $\aleph _{1}$ is equivalent to a condition regarding certain Galois representations associated with Hodge-generic points. We then show that for modular and Shimura curves this ${\mathcal{L}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$ -sentence has a unique model in every infinite cardinality. In the process, we prove a new characterisation of the special points on any Shimura variety.
Larval Distribution of Walleye Pollock, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas), in the Bering Sea, with Special Reference to Morphological Changes

The distribution and morphology of walleye pollock [Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) ] larvae collected in surface larva net tows and mid·water trawls in the Bering Sea during June to August, 1970--1974, were studied. Pollock larvae Were widely found over the Bering Sea, but were most abundant on the shelf region of the southeastern Bering Sea along the continental slope from Unimak Island to Cape Navarin. The larvae ranged in size from 5.1 mm to 97.1 mm long. The mean length was 16.3 mm in June and 18.9 mm in July. The July group had a wider deviation. Length.weight relationships were established. The data shows an inflection point at 7-8 mm size. The formulas are log W =6.3694 log BL5.3227 for the size range of 5-8 mm fish and log W =3.3512 log BL-2.6283 for the size of the 8-39 mm fish. The inflection point corresponds with the appearance of the caudal fin rays. Pollock larvae were assigned to postlarval, juvenile and young stages primarily based upon the development of the fin rays. The fin rays reached the full number at about 22 mm in length, indicating a transition from postlarval stage to juvenile stage. In the southern part of the Bering Sea pollock larvae of late postlarval stage through juvenile stage were common, whereas in the northern part of the sea the larvae of early postlarval stage were predominant.
Luminescence dating of lacustrine sediments from Tangra Yumco (southern Tibetan Plateau) using post‐IR IRSL signals from polymineral grains

Radiocarbon dating of bulk organic matter is the most commonly used method for establishing chronologies of lake sediments for palaeoclimate reconstructions on the Tibetan Plateau. However, this method is likely to be problematic because the dated material often suffers from old carbon contamination. Recently, advances in luminescence‐based chronological techniques have provided new options for dating lacustrine sediments. In the current study, we tested for the first time the applicability of a new post‐IR IRSL (pIRIR) measurement protocol for dating fine‐grained polymineral material from a deep‐lake sediment core from the central part of Tangra Yumco, on the southern Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that: (i) radioactive disequilibria in the uranium decay chain were observed in the studied lake sediments, and thus taken into account for dose rate calculation by using a dynamic modelling approach; (ii) the suitability and robustness of the pIRIR protocol measured at 150°C (pIRIR150) for our samples are confirmed by a set of luminescence characteristic tests as well as the agreement with an independent age control; (iii) turbidite deposition partly caused an insufficient resetting of luminescence signals and thus apparent overestimation in luminescence dating; (iv) compared with the luminescence‐based age‐depth model, the 14C ages of bulk organic matter from the studied core generally yielded an age difference of ∼2 ka, which is attributed to hardwater reservoir effects in Tangra Yumco. This study highlights the need for multi‐dating approaches of lake sedimentary archives on the Tibetan Plateau.
The early stages of the Alpine collision : an image derived from the upper Eocene – lower Oligocene record in the Alps – Apennines junction area

The upper Eocene–lower Oligocene sediments deposited in the eastern part of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin in northern Italy provide a complete record of the unroofing of the Alpine orogenic prism during the early stages of exhumation in the Ligurian sector. From late Priabonian till late Rupelian time, the sediments in the study area were derived from two different sources, one characterised by white micas with Sib6.5 pfu and Permian Ar/Ar ages (270 Ma), and the other characterised by white micas with SiN7 pfu and Eocene–Oligocene Ar/Ar ages (32–50 Ma). The first source is considered to be indicative of low-pressure metamorphic rocks that covered the HP rocks of the Ligurian Alps, and were completely eroded by Chattian time. From this time on, the study area started to record the first input from western Alpine sources characterised by a larger span of ages with a more frequent Eoalpine signal. Thus, sediments deposited in the eastern part of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin contain the only available evidence of rocks belonging to high crustal levels in the Alpine orogenic prism that were not affected by the Alpine overprint. These data also provide time constraints to the poorly dated first conglomerates deposited in this area. Ar/Ar geochronology reveals a minimum age of 33F1.4 Ma for the Pianfolco Conglomerates in the type locality, and of 31.4F3. 5 Ma for the Borbera Conglomerates. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Energy fluxes and spectra for turbulent and laminar flows

Two well-known turbulence models to describe the inertial and dissipative ranges simultaneously are by Pao~[Phys. Fluids {\bf 8}, 1063 (1965)] and Pope~[{\em Turbulent Flows. } Cambridge University Press, 2000]. In this paper, we compute energy spectrum $E(k)$ and energy flux $\Pi(k)$ using spectral simulations on grids up to $4096^3$, and show consistency between the numerical results and predictions by the aforementioned models. We also construct a model for laminar flows that predicts $E(k)$ and $\Pi(k)$ to be of the form $\exp(-k)$, and verify the model predictions using numerical simulations. The shell-to-shell energy transfers for the turbulent flows are {\em forward and local} for both inertial and dissipative range, but those for the laminar flows are {\em forward and nonlocal}.
List colouring with a bounded palette

Král’ and Sgall (2005) introduced a refinement of list colouring where every colour list must be subset to one predetermined palette of colours. We call this (k, `)-choosability when the palette is of size at most ` and the lists must be of size at least k. They showed that, for any integer k ≥ 2, there is an integer C = C(k, 2k − 1), satisfying C = O(16 ln k) as k →∞, such that, if a graph is (k, 2k−1)-choosable, then it is C-choosable, and asked if C is required to be exponential in k. We demonstrate it must satisfy C = Ω(4/ √ k). For an integer ` ≥ 2k − 1, if C(k, `) is the least integer such that a graph is C(k, `)-choosable if it is (k, `)-choosable, then we more generally supply a lower bound on C(k, `), one that is super-polynomial in k if ` = o(k/ ln k), by relation to an extremal set theoretic property. By the use of containers, we also give upper bounds on C(k, `) that improve on earlier bounds if ` ≥ 2.75k.