Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Reservation Random-Access Protocol for Voice/Data Integrated Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access Systems

Most code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems described in the literature provide only one single service (voice or data) and employ the strategy of "one-code-for-one-terminal" for code-assignment. This assignment, though simple, fails to efficiently exploit the limited code resource encountered in practical situations. We present a new protocol called reservation-code multiple-access (RCMA), which allows all terminals to share a group of spreading codes on a contention basis and facilitates introducing voice/data integrated services into spread-spectrum systems. The RCMA protocol can be applied to short-range radio networks, and microcell mobile communications, and can be easily extended to wide area networks if the code-reuse technique is employed. In RCMA, a voice terminal can reserve a spreading code to transmit a multipacket talkspurt while a data terminal has to contend for a code for each packet transmission. The voice terminal will drop a long delayed packet while the data terminal just keeps it in the buffer. Therefore, two performance measures used to assess the proposed protocol are the voice packet dropping probability and the data packet average delay. Theoretical performance is derived by means of equilibrium point analysis (EPA) and is examined by extensive computer simulation.
Secondary aroma compounds in fresh grape marc distillates as a result of variety and corresponding production technology.

In order to investigate secondary aroma compound composition of fresh grape marc distillates as a result of variety and production technology, 30 samples (6 varieties x 5 samples) were produced. White grape marcs from Malvazija istarska, Chardonnay and Muscat Blanc were obtained as by-products in standard white wine production, while red grape marcs from Teran and Cabernet Sauvignon were obtained after standard red wine production procedures. Marcs from red grape variety Muskat ruža porecki were obtained during production of rose wines. Fermented marcs were distilled using a traditional copper alembic. Obtained distillates were subjected to GC/MS and GC/FID analysis. Malvazija istarska distillates exhibited exceptionally high methanol content. Distillates from white grape varieties were found to be characterized by higher C6-alcohols and 1-propanol concentrations, while red grape distillates contained higher amounts of the majority of alcohols, acids, and esters. In Muskat ruža distillates intermediate concentrations of many important aroma compounds were found. It was concluded that differences in production technology parameters, depending on the variety, resulted in differences in secondary aroma profiles, most evident between distillates from white and red varieties. These findings were confirmed applying SLDA which resulted in 100% correct classification of distillates according to variety and corresponding production technology.
A New Introduction to Supply Chains and Supply Chain Management: Definitions and Theories Perspective

Supply Chain and Supply chain Management have played a significant role in corporate efficiency and have attracted the attention of numerous academicians over the last few years. Academic literature review discloses an important spurt in research in practice and theory of Supply Chain (SC) and Supply Chain Management (SCM). Connecting and informing on Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management and distribution Management characteristics have contributed to the Supply Chain integration. This integration has generated the approach of extended corporate and the supply chain is nowadays manifested as the cooperative supply chain across intercorporate borders to increase the value across of the whole supply chain. This paper seeks to introduce supply Chain and Supply Chain Management. A Supply Chain and Supply Chain Management definition, theoretical, practical and measurement analysis are proposed. Several randomly selected refereed academic articles were methodically analyzed. A number of key findings have arisen: the field is a comparatively new one; several researchers have different perception of the discipline; the consensus is lacking on the definition of the terms: the Supply Chain and Supply Chain Management are widely defined; contextual focus is mainly on the manufacturing industry; research methods employed are mostly theoretical conceptual; the findings also suggest that undertaking a theory view could make important contributions towards defining the scope of supply chains. The literature review in this research proposes critical lexicons that are mostly used in academic dissertation. These notions can be beneficial for academician or organizations that are involve in Supply Chain Management business.
Breeding of Aotus monkeys for human malaria research.

The owl (Aotus) monkey ti an important experimental host for human malaria, but one currently in short supply. This shortage of owl monkeys is hampering work to develop effective antimalarial drugs and vaccines. The following article describes the breeding performance of a small colony of Aotus monkeys which, zy projected on a larger scale, could Partially overcome the problem presented by the scarcity of these primates.
Distinct perturbations of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A quantitative cytomorphometric analysis.

OBJECTIVE Oral cancer constitutes a major health issue in developing countries, representing the leading cause of death. Quantitative assessment by sophisticated diagnostic techniques is becoming increasingly important. Hence, a histochemical staining procedure and morphometric evaluation are used to obtain optimal information on the cellular events. The objective of present study is to assess the variation in cellular area, nuclear area, cellular diameter, nuclear diameter and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio respectively in normal subjects, smokeless tobacco users, (smokers, combination and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. METHODS Total 125 number of subjects were divided into five groups, each comprising 25 subjects of more than 40 years of age. These groups were: a. Normal, b. smokeless tobacco users, c. smokers d. combination and e. oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral smears were obtained, stained with Feulgen stain and the cells were measured cytomorphometrically using Nikon imaging software. RESULTS Our study showed a significant reduction in the cellular diameter, cellular area and increase in the nuclear diameter, nuclear area and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients as compared to tobacco users and normal patients. Significant changes were found in group I, II, III and IV when compared with group V but as such no significant intergroup variation was found in cellular and nuclear dimensions in smokers, smokeless tobacco users, combination and control group. CONCLUSION Quantitative parameters could be assessed by cytomorphometry. Cytomorphological changes in exfoliated squames could serve as a useful adjunct in the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas.
Reality or Perception?

The extent to which actual (rather than perceived) performance influences customer satisfaction has received limited attention by researchers, yet it is important for managers to understand the extent to which customer perceptions and behavioral intentions are associated with actual service performance. This study investigates the links between actual and perceived performance, customer standards, attributions, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. The results suggest that actual performance is a significant predictor of customer satisfaction, separate from its indirect association via perceived performance. Customers' comparison standards are also suggested to affect satisfaction both directly and indirectly. Customer attributions, in contrast, do not appear to influence performance judgments but are significantly associated with satisfaction levels. Customer experience is shown to be associated with satisfaction via an interaction effect and also to be significantly associated with behavioral intentions. The implications for research and management are discussed.
Comparison of the measurement of total carbon dioxide and strong ion difference for the evaluation of metabolic acidosis in diarrhoeic calves

Eighty−four calves with diarrhoea were treated with fluids and 13 apparently healthy calves of similar ages were sampled as controls. Their total blood carbon dioxide (TCO2) was measured with a Harleco apparatus and 31 of the calves were treated with oral fluids and 53 with parenteral fluids. The oral fluid contained 1 18 mmol/litre Na+, 25 mmol/litre K+, 1 10 mmol/litre glucose, 108 mmol/litre bicarbonate (HCO3− as citrate), 43 mmol/litre Cl−, 4 mmol/litre Ca++, 4 mmol/litre Mg++ and 20 mmol/litre glycine, and the parenteral fluid contained 144 mmol/litre Na+, 4 mmol/litre K+, 35 mmol/litre HCO3− and 1 13 mmol/litre Cl−. Both treatments resulted in significant improvements in acid−base status as demonstrated by an increase in TCO2, and the treatment was successful in 27 of the 31 calves receiving oral fluids and in 45 of the 53 calves receiving parenteral fluids. Thirty−seven of the calves treated parenterally were very severely acidotic (TCO2 <8 mmol/litre) initially and they received an additional 400 mmol HCO3− added to the first 5 litres of infusion. Treatment was successful in 33 of these calves. The decision to administer additional bicarbonate was made on the basis of their acid−base status as measured with a Harleco apparatus. The strong ion difference (Na++K+−CI−) (SID) of the calves was calculated retrospectively. There was a significant correlation between the SID and TCO2 of the calves treated with oral fluids but not among the control calves or the calves treated parenterally. Furthermore, measurements of the change in SID during therapy gave little indication of the change in acid−base status as measured by the Harleco apparatus, with the SID decreasing (suggesting a worsening of acid−base status) in 16 calves in which the TCO2 increased (suggesting an improvement in acidbase status). There was a significant correlation between the change in SID and the change in TCO2 during treatment in the calves receiving oral fluids but not in the calves treated parenterally.
Visualizing corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor type 1 expression and neuronal connectivities in the mouse using a novel multifunctional allele

The corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and its type 1 receptor (CRHR1) play a central role in coordinating the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. A prerequisite to functionally dissect the complexity of the CRH/CRHR1 system is to unravel the identity of CRHR1‐expressing neurons and their connectivities. Therefore, we used a knockin approach to genetically label CRHR1‐expressing cells with a tau‐lacZ (tZ) reporter gene. The distribution of neurons expressing β‐galactosidase in the brain and the relative intensity of labeling is in full accordance with previously described Crhr1 mRNA expression. Combining the microtubule‐binding properties of TAU with the Cre‐loxP system allowed to direct the β‐galactosidase to proximal dendrites, and in particular to axons. Thereby, we were able to visualize projections of CRHR1 neurons such as glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferent connections of the striatum and GABAergic CRHR1‐expressing neurons located within its patch compartment. In addition, the tZ reporter gene revealed novel details of CRHR1 expression in the spinal cord, skin, and eye. CRHR1 expression in the retina prompted the identification of a new physiological role of CRHR1 related to the visual system. Besides its reporter properties, this novel CRHR1 allele comprises the possibility to conditionally restore or delete CRHR1 via Flp and Cre recombinase, respectively. Finally, the allele is suitable for further manipulations of the CRHR1 locus by recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange. Taken together, this novel mouse allele will significantly facilitate the neuroanatomical analysis of CRHR1 circuits and opens up new avenues to address CRHR1 function in more detail. J. Comp. Neurol. , 520:3150–3180, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coexistence of ipsilateral pain‐inhibitory and facilitatory processes after high‐frequency electrical stimulation

High‐frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the human forearm evokes analgesia to blunt pressure in the ipsilateral forehead, consistent with descending ipsilateral inhibitory pain modulation. The aim of the current study was to further delineate pain modulation processes evoked by HFS by examining sensory changes in the arm and forehead; investigating the effects of HFS on nociceptive blink reflexes elicited by supraorbital electrical stimulation; and assessing effects of counter‐irritation (electrically evoked pain at the HFS‐conditioned site in the forearm) on nociceptive blink reflexes before and after HFS.
Multi‐scale features for identifying individuals in large biological databases: an application of pattern recognition technology to the marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum

Summary 1. Capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) studies provide essential information on demography, movement and other ecological characteristics of rare and endangered species. This information is required by managers to focus conservation strategies on the most relevant threats and life stages, identify critical habitat areas, and develop benchmarks for measuring success in recovery plans. However, CMR studies have been limited by individual identification methods that are not effective or practical for many types of organisms. 2. We develop a pattern recognition algorithm and photo-identification method that uses photographs taken in the field to identify individual marbled salamanders ( Ambystoma opacum ), using their dorsal patterns as ‘fingerprints. ’ The algorithm ranks all images in a database against each other in order of visual similarity. We couple this technology with a graphic user interface to visually confirm or reject top-ranked algorithm results. Using this process, we analyse all adult salamander captures from one year of a long-term study. 3. In a database of 1008 images, the algorithm identified 95% of 101 known matches in the top 10 ranks (i.e. top 1% of all images). Time spent on manual elements of the matching process was estimated at one minute per image, permitting full indexing of all capture records. 4. Capture histories constructed from matched images identified 366 individuals that were captured between 2 and 5 times. Of these, less than 2% were captured at more than one of the 14 pond basins included in the study, suggesting that migrations were strongly directional to and from basins and that ‘pond-shopping’ among first-time breeders was infrequent. Females arrived at basins later, remained longer, and experienced more weight-loss than males during the breeding period. 5. Synthesis and applications. We develop, test, and apply a pattern recognition algorithm that enables efficient identification of individual marbled salamanders in a database exceeding 1000 images. We expect that this algorithm can be modified to facilitate individual identification in many other organisms because it does not rely on manual coding or discrete geometric pattern features. High performance results suggest that it can be scaled to larger databases, allowing biologists to address critical conservation-based questions regarding demography, reproduction and dispersal of rare and endangered species.
Dioxin and furan levels found in tampons.

BACKGROUND Human exposure to dioxins and furans through diet and other sources has been of concern for many years. One specific concern, related to exposure in women's health, is the possible link to endometriosis. Although there are differences in opinion about this link, the concern from the public is real. Congressional interest has prompted investigations to determine the amounts of dioxins and furans present in feminine hygiene products available within the United States. METHODS Tampon samples were analyzed via Gas Chromatography/High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (GC/HRMS) using a Micromass AutoSpec Ultima high resolution mass spectrometer at 10,000 mass resolution. As data were confirmed and quantified using direct isotope dilution, only the 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine-containing dioxin and furan concentrations were calculated from these analyses. RESULTS A total toxic equivalence (TEQ), using the World Health Organization's toxic equivalency factor (TEF) values, was calculated for each sample. The calculated TEQs for samples were not statistically different from those of the calculated TEQs using the average limit of detection (LOD) values. CONCLUSIONS Data show results similar to those reported by DeVito and Schecter (Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:23) in that most of the dioxins and furans were below the detection limit or estimated detection limits (EDLs).
A Somatic Movement Approach to Fostering Emotional Resiliency through Laban Movement Analysis

Although movement has long been recognized as expressing emotion and as an agent of change for emotional state, there was a dearth of scientific evidence specifying which aspects of movement influence specific emotions. The recent identification of clusters of Laban movement components which elicit and enhance the basic emotions of anger, fear, sadness and happiness indicates which types of movements can affect these emotions (Shafir et al., 2016), but not how best to apply this knowledge. This perspective paper lays out a conceptual groundwork for how to effectively use these new findings to support emotional resiliency through voluntary choice of one's posture and movements. We suggest that three theoretical principles from Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) can guide the gradual change in movement components in one's daily movements to somatically support shift in affective state: (A) Introduce new movement components in developmental order; (B) Use LMA affinities-among-components to guide the expansion of expressive movement range and (C) Sequence change among components based on Laban's Space Harmony theory to support the gradual integration of that new range. The methods postulated in this article have potential to foster resiliency and provide resources for self-efficacy by expanding our capacity to adapt emotionally to challenges through modulating our movement responses.
Overdiagnosis and overtreatment in cancer: an opportunity for improvement.

Over the past 30 years, awareness and screening have led to an emphasis on early diagnosis of cancer. Although the goals of these efforts were to reduce the rate of late-stage disease and decrease cancer mortality, secular trends and clinical trials suggest that these goals have not been met; national data demonstrate significant increases in early-stage disease, without a proportional decline in later-stage disease. What has emerged has been an appreciation of the complexity of the pathologic condition called cancer. The word “cancer” often invokes the specter of an inexorably lethal process; however, cancers are heterogeneous and can follow multiple paths, not all of which progress to metastases and death, and include indolent disease that causes no harm during the patient’s lifetime. Better biology alone can explain better outcomes. Although this complexity complicates the goal of early diagnosis, its recognition provides an opportunity to adapt cancer screening with a focus on identifying and treating those conditions most likely associated with morbidity and mortality. Changes in cancer incidence and mortality 1 reveal
[Childhood injuries, their etiologies, and preventive measures].

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate social, economical, and cultural factors of childhood injuries and to assess preventive measures. METHODS The study included 120 children (75 boys, 45 girls; mean age 8.3 years; range 0 to 14 years) who presented to the emergency department due to trauma from September to December 2007. Information was gathered from the patients or parents on the following: age, number of siblings; time, etiology, place, and type of trauma; type and time of transportation, educational and sociocultural level of the parents, and whether the patient had a similar injury before. RESULTS About one-tenth (10.8%) of the patients were admitted and treated. Twenty patients (16.7%) had at least one similar injury previously. Most of the events were household injuries (n=42, 35%). The highest number of injuries occurred at the ages of 7, 8, and 10 years, and the number of injuries remained high from 12 to 14 years of age. The most frequent site of injury was the elbow during the first six years of age, the wrist and the hand at ages 7 to 11 years, and the wrist from 12 to 14 years of age. The great majority of the mothers were housewives (86.7%). Occupation and educational status of the mother, and the number of siblings were not related with recurrent childhood injuries (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study provided helpful information on the characteristics of childhood trauma. Programs targeting to increase the awareness on pertinent risk behaviors and to promote educational efforts concerning the risks and preventive measures will be of great help in preventing childhood injuries, in particular at the beginning of school life (age 7) and adolescence (age 12), at which time child injuries show culmination.
Managing 'Generation Y' occupational therapists: optimising their potential.

BACKGROUND/AIM 'Generation Y' is a descriptor of those therapists born between 1982 and 2000. According to generational theory, each generation have unique characteristics due to the social and historical factors they have experienced during their formative years. Occupational therapy educators have reported on 'Generation Y' characteristics observed in occupational therapy students. This study aimed to investigate if managers considered there was a 'Generation Y' therapist and their observed characteristics in practice, as well as successful management strategies used to maximise their potential in the workplace. METHODS A hard copy survey based on the 'Generation Y' literature was sent to all managers listed on an Australian University database. RESULTS Almost all respondents considered there was a 'Generation Y' therapist. Overall, managers reported characteristics of this staff group as being hard working, confident with technology, needing positive feedback and demanding professional development opportunities. Managers also reported that this group may be a challenge to retain in work positions. Managers also viewed 'Generation Y' staff as a positive energy and considered that in the future they will be of benefit to the profession. CONCLUSION While there may be generational differences between therapists in the workplace, inclusive management styles may be the most appropriate management approach. Career guidance, facilitating creativity, increasing work responsibility and integrating new technologies like social networking into practice may be appropriate strategies for this staff group, to facilitate both their professional development and to retain them in the profession.