Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compressional wave velocities in possible mantle rocks to pressures of 30 kilobars

The velocities of compressional waves are reported to hydrostatic pressures of 30 kbar for pyroxenites, eclogites, and a dunite. The data above 10 kbar, when corrected for length changes, permit the determination of pressure coefficients of compressional wave velocities, which range from 0.010 km s−1 kbar−1 in eclogite to 0.014 km s−1 kbar−1 in pyroxenite. It is shown that pressure coefficients of velocity for rocks determined below 10 kbar are generally unreliable due to the influence of porosity. The pressure coefficient of velocity measured for the dunite agrees well with similar data from single-crystal olivine; however, pressure coefficients of velocity for the pyroxenites are significantly lower than measurements for single-crystal bronzite.
Effect of Se-metal pair combinations (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) on photosynthetic pigments production and metal accumulation in Sinapis alba L. seedlings

The priority of this study was to investigate how selenium influences toxicity of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb when the metals appear in the hydroponic solution in pairs. As a model subject mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba L.) were used. Except phytotoxicity of individual metals and Se-metal combinations determined through photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids) also metal accumulation in the roots and shoots was determined by the AAS method. Se in all metal combinations reduced the unfavourable effect of other metals tested for chlorophylls content, however, for carotenoids primarily the opposite effect occurred. For metal accumulation in the roots and shoots it was confirmed that Se stimulated only Cd (about 24%) and slightly Cu (about 9%) accumulation in the roots, while in the shoots there was inhibited accumulation of all metals tested. The strongest inhibition was observed in Pb accumulation (84.9%). This fact indicates that Se generates some barriers for metal transfer from the roots to the underground plant parts. In contrast, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd increased Se accumulation in the roots in the range of 4 (in combination with Cu) to 68% (in combination with Cd) and in the shoots in the range of 11 (in combination with Pb and Zn) to 44% (in combination with Cd). In the shoots only Cu inhibited Se accumulation (about 67%).
Bael, Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, an Indian medicinal plant protects V79 cells against the genotoxic effect of doxorubicin

Alleviation of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by leaf extract of bael also known as Aegle marmelos (AME) was studied in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. The optimum protective dose of AME was determined by treating V79 cells with different concentrations of AME before exposure to 10 µg/ml DOX and then by evaluating the cell survival and micronuclei frequency in the cytokinesis blocked V79 cells. MTT assay results revealed that AME pretreatment resulted in a concentration dependent elevation in the cell survival up to 25 μg/ml, whereas a further increase in AME concentration reduced the cell survival. Assessment of DNA damage by micronuclei assay showed that 25 µg/ml AME reduced the micronuclei frequency to a maximum extent. Therefore, 25 μg/ml AME was considered as an optimum chemo-protective concentration and further studies were carried out using this concentration, where V79 cells were treated with 25 μg/ml AME before exposure to different concentrations of DOX. The results of MTT assay at various post-DOX treatment times showed a time and concentration dependent decline in the cell survival with a maximum decline at 72 h post-DOX treatment. The IC50 values of 122, 108, 88 and 47 µg/ml DOX was observed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-DOX treatment, respectively. Treatment of V79 cells with 25 μg/ml AME before DOX exposure to different concentrations of resulted in a rise in the IC50 by 60, 24, 44 and 41 µg/ml at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. These results were corroborated by clonogenic assay where DOX-treatment caused a concentration dependent decline in the cell survival; whereas treatment of V79 cells with 25 µg/ml AME before DOX exposure arrested the DOX-induced decline in the cell survival. The micronuclei frequency increased in a concentration dependent manner in cells exposed to DOX, whereas AME pretreatment significantly reduced the DOX-induced micronuclei formation. Our results suggest that AME did reduce the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DOX and may be useful in clinical setup to reduce DOX-induced toxicity. Key words: V79 cells, Aegle marmelos, doxorubicin, MTT, cell survival, micronuclei.
Spectral identification of pyrite mud weathering products: a field and laboratory evaluation

Monitoring of mine waste on sulphide deposits through remote-sensing hyperspectral data contributes to the prediction of potential surface-water quality, quantitatively estimating acid drainage and metal contamination on a yearly basis. Based on previous Hymap mapping of salt efflorescence on mine wastes, various domains within the mine facilities (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain), selected because of their geomorphological setting, were sampled to conduct a laboratory experiment. Samples from mine-waste piles, pyrite mud tailings and river sediments were continuously exposed to the atmosphere during the summer, and spectral measurements were collected in the dark room on several days. The spectral response was monitored throughout the summer, when the pyrite oxidation process is active and the mineralogy on the surface changes continuously. The mineralogical identification capability of algorithms such as the Spectral Angle Mapper, Binary Encoding and Spectral Feature Fitting based on archive spectral libraries is discussed. Trends of mineral growth differ spectrally over time according to the geological setting. Subtle mineralogical changes are described using the spectral response and their meaning as indicators of pyrite oxidation intensity on mine-waste piles, pyrite mud tailings and river sediments. Therefore, sulphide mine-waste weathering products may be used as small-scale targets for a short-term record of climate variability, providing a useful tool to assess environmental geological indicators in semi-arid areas.
Effects of glaciation on the clinometry and hypsometry of the Romanian Carpathians

SRTM1 Digital Elevation Model for many mountain ranges in Romania were processed to provide slope gradient distributions for each 50 m band of altitude. The effects of cirques are seen in an increase in standard deviation of gradient, and a spread in all percentiles, especially an increase in the 95th, at relevant altitudes. Otherwise, variations in median gradient with altitude differ between ranges, and do not show the general increase found in the Alps below cirque floor altitudes by several authors.
Examining Second Language Reading: An On-Line Look

The results of several eye-movement experiments, which examined adult non-native readers' performance online whilst they read single sentences in their second language, are discussed. Reading performance was investigated in subjects of varying second language ability, and for a variety of linguistic structures. Bilingual subjects' immediate sensitivity to the inconsistency of lexical and/or syntactic constraints across their two languages was demonstrated. This sensitivity provoked longer reading times specifically in the second language and specifically at the region of the sentence where the inconsistency occurred. Moreover, we provide evidence that bilinguals are sensitive to lexical constraints within their second language and use this information when reading potentially ambiguous structures. Transfer effects from the native to the second language were seen to influence syntactic processing, however the amount and effect of transfer varied considerably both as a function of the level of non-native speaker and syntactic ambiguity.
The Characteristics and Distribution of Congenital Heart Disease in Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Ward of RSUD Dr. Soedono Madiun East Java in Year 2015

Background: Congenital heart disease is a heart abnormality that presents at birth and fatal in the majority of the case. Congenital heart disease affecting up to 8-10 in every 1,000 newborn. Methods: This study was a descriptive research about the characteristics and distribution of congenital heart disease at ward and clinic of a government hospital in East Java for a year, by investigating medical record from 1 January 2015 – 31 December 2015. We classified and analyzed the patients based on the different groups of age, gender, type of congenital heart disease, the age of first diagnosed, nutritional status, co-morbidities of the disease, medical intervention, and the funding. Result: Total sample from this research was 49 subjects, consist of 53% male and 46% female. CHD was mostly diagnosed in the first year of life (75%), with acyanotic CHD as the most common type. Malnutrition was found in 51% of the subjects. Nonsurgical medical intervention was the most common management performed to treat the condition (97%). The funding with National Health Insurance (PBI or non-PBI) was used in more than half of the subjects (51%). Conclusion: As the conclusion, CHD was commonly found in the first year of life with noncyanotic type dominated the CHD patients. As the highly cost of this disease, it was surprising that only half of the subjects were covered by National Health Insurance. A good funding resource was really needed to make sure the treatment plan of the diseases was well executed.
Predicting Road Crashes Using Calendar Data

In road safety, macroscopic models are developed to support the quantitative targets in safety programmes. Targets are based on estimated numbers of fatalities and crashes that are derived from models. When constructing these models, typical problems are the lack of relevant data, the limited time horizon and the availability of future values for explanatory variables. As a solution to these restrictions, we suggest the use of calendar data. These include a trend, a trading day pattern, dummy variables for the months and a heavy traffic measure. In this paper, we test the relevance of calendar data for the prediction of road safety. ARIMA models and regression models with ARMA errors and calendar variables are built. Predictions are made by both models and the quality of the predictions is compared. We use Belgian monthly crash data (1990-2002) to develop models for the number of persons killed or seriously injured, the number of persons lightly injured and the corresponding number of crashes. The regression models fit better than the pure ARIMA models. The trend and trading day variables are significant for the outcomes related to killed or seriously injured persons, while the heavy traffic measure is significant in all models. The predictions made by the regression models are better than those from the ARIMA models, especially for the lightly injured outcomes.
Description of plant parasitic nematodes associated with coffee in Ethiopia

A nematode survey was conducted in the major coffee (Coffea arabica) agroecologies of Ethiopia during 2004 and 2006. Soil samples were collected from 132 different coffee plantations and examined in the laboratory. Plant parasitic nematodes of the orders Tylenchida and Dorylaimida were examined taxonomically. Four species of Helicotylenchus (H. dihystera, H. multicinctus, H. californicus and H. gerti), one of Scutellonema (S. paralabiatum), one of Rotylenchus (R. unisexus), one of Tylenchorhynchus (T. agri), one of Quinisulcius (Q. capitatus), Xiphinema insigne, X. basilgoodeyi and two non-identified populations of the Xiphinema americanum group were found. Detailed descriptions, including morphometrics, illustrations and key features are given for each species. Scutellonema paralabiatum, Tylenchorhynchus agri, Q. capitatus, Xiphinema insigne, X. basilgoodeyi and X. americanum-group are first records for Ethiopia.
Application of SBB Staining Technique for Monitoring PHA Production in Milk Whey Fermentation

Agro-industrial raw materials are becoming increasingly important in the field of biotechnological fermentation: they could be used as fermentation media, usually after the proper pretreatment, and in that way are usefully exploited. Milk whey is an important by-product of the dairy industry, nutrient-rich and potentially used as a growth medium for the production of commercial products. Many fermentation processes can be applied to whey, from using recombinant bacteria to mixed consortium. The latter often requires careful monitoring. Monitoring and control of biotechnological processes based on complex media is often expensive and tricky, and usually involve only physical-chemical parameters. When a mixed culture is involved, microbiology and molecular biology can provide a more complete view of biological variation within the bioreactor. In this work, a new monitoring technique was applied to an enriched mixed culture in a milk whey fermentation. The presence of the desired product PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate), a biodegradable biopolymer, was evaluated throughout the SBB (Sudan Black B) staining. This cheap and easy method, usually employed in isolation of PHA storing bacteria, was useful in monitoring the fermentation process, not only to identify the recovery time but also for the assessment of the percentage of useful microorganisms present.
Performance Sensitive Debt - Investment and Financing Incentives

Performance sensitive debt (PSD) contracts link the paid coupon to a measure of firm performance. PSD contracts are widely used, especially as corporate bank loans. In a model where a firm has assets in place and the opportunity to invest in a growth option, I analyze how PSD affects equityholders' investment and financing incentives. With no pre-existing debt I show that PSD reduces a given firm's optimal leverage, indicating that in this case PSD partially solves potential future conflicts related to debt overhang. With debt in place I show that PSD financing magnifies equityholders' risk-shifting incentives, proving that in this case PSD is an inefficient financing tool. My conclusion questions the hypothesis that PSD is used to prevent asset substitution. When debt overhang creates problems of underinvestment I show that PSD financing partially resolves these inefficiencies. My conclusions are partially based on numerical analysis, but they are robust to changes in input parameters.
Occupations at risk: The task content and job stability

In the last few decades, Germany, similar to other developed countries, has been witnessing a sharp decline of the jobs that used to constitute the middle-class of the 1970s and the 1980s. This decline has been associated with the level to which jobs are codifiable. This is because, some argue, codifiable tasks are more prone to technological substitution and outsourcing than tacit tasks. This article empirically investigates two crucial aspects of the decline of codified jobs. First, it studies what happened to the workers in codified occupations in terms of unemployment, occupational change, and wages. Second, it revisits the hypothesis that code-based technologies are the major driver of this labour market shift. We find that job codification is associated with higher unemployment and higher occupational change. It is also associated with wage losses for the workers who left routinized jobs. We find however little evidence that code-based technologies were the driving factor behind these dynamics.
Variation in the vowel system of Mišótika Cappadocian : findings from two refugee villages in Greece

This paper discusses changes in the vowel system of contemporary Misotika, the Cappadocian variety originally spoken in Misti. We compare the speech of native speakers from two Cappadocian refugee communities and analyse the differences between the two, taking into consideration mechanisms of language contact and linguistic change, and also the social parameters that influence the dialectal system. The study is based on recordings of native speakers of Misotika who live in two different villages, one in the prefecture of Kilkis (Neo Agioneri), and the other in Thessaloniki (Xirohori). Although these villages are very close to one another, they present two major differences. Neo Agioneri is a homogeneous village, whereas Xirohori is a mixed village, since not only Cappadocians but also other Greek-dialect speakers live there. 78 Another distinguishing characteristic between the two villages is the attitude of the inhabitants towards Misotika. It seems that speakers from Neo Agioneri are more receptive to the use of the dialect. The inhabitants from Xirohori, by contrast, present a different attitude, reflecting the consequences of social stigmatization and linguistic attrition that their dialect has undergone after the population exchange of the 1920s. To conclude, the current vowel system of Misotika seems to diverge significantly from the older one described by Dawkins (1916). At the same time, the preliminary findings of our research indicate that there are also differences in the phonological status of the vowels between speakers of the same linguistic system. Dawkins, R. M. 1916. Modern Greek in Asia Minor: a Study of the Dialects of Silli, Cappadocia and Pharasa with Grammar, Texts, Translations and Glossary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Effect of Potash Levels and Row Spacings on Onion Yield

The research study the effect of potassium and row spacing on yield of onion was conducted at Dargai Malakand during summer 2012. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Potassium levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha -1 ) were applied to main plot while row spacing (15, 20 and 25 cm) were kept in sub plot. Recommended doses of nitrogen were applied at two split doses and phosphorus and potassium were applied at time of planting. The studied perimeters were plant height, number of leaves plant -1 , bulb diameter, average bulb weight, numbers of bulb kg -1 and yield (t ha -1 ). The maximum plant height (51.6 cm), number of leaves plant -1 (9.89), bulb diameter (5.93), average bulb weight (64.89 g), leaf width (1.33 cm) and yield (22.91 t ha -1 ) were observed with the application of 120 kg K 2 O ha -1 . The maximum number of bulb kg -1 (15.78) was observed in control. On the other hand the maximum plant height (47.1 cm), number of leaves plant -1 (8.67), bulb diameter (5.64 cm) and average blub weight (54.92 g) were recorded at 25 cm row spacing. And maximum leaf width (1.26 cm) and yield (22.45 t ha -1 ) was observed at 20 cm row spacing. The maximum bulb kg -1 (16.92) was observed at 15 cm row spacing. The highest yield were observed with the application of 120 kg ha - 1 potash application and at 20 cm row spacing. Based on the above result it is recommended that 20 cm row spacing with 120 kg K 2 O ha -1 should be used for best growth and maximum yield of onion under the agro climatic condition of Dargai at Malakand.
Augmentation of drought stress tolerance of two wheat cultivars through exogenous spraying of silicon

Two wheat cultivars cv. Sohag 3 (durum wheat) and cv. Seds 12 (bread wheat) were tested to assess their physiological behavior under different water regimes (100%, 70%, 50% and 30% FC) and their responsiveness to foliar application of 8mM silicon. The data clearly indicated the hypersensitivity of cv. Sohag 3 to water deficit as compared to cv. Seds 12 where dramatic reduction of shoots, roots, spikes and grains dry weight. Cv. Sohag 3 reduced total proteins and great accumulated of soluble proteins at the expense of insoluble one as well as reduction of soluble, insoluble and total carbohydrates. On the other hand, cv. Seds 12 maintained the insoluble proteins and enhanced of the soluble one as well as its ability to boost soluble, insoluble and total carbohydrates. In addition, water stress stimulated high oxidative damage in terms of overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and lipoxygenase enzyme of cv. Sohag 3 compared to oxidative damage limiting capacity of cv. Seds 12. Silicon application greatly augmented the water scarcity and exhibited better growth under harsh conditions due to the up- regulation of C and N- metabolism of the studied cultivars and reduced membrane damage as indicated by reducing H2O2, MDA, electrolyte leakage and lipoxygenase. All of these criteria answered on the stimulatory effect of silicon on yield attributes (spikes and grains) of the
Evaluation of Neurofeedback Therapy in Adolescents with Major DepressiveDisorder Who Take Fluoxetine

Introduction: Major depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that is with depressed mood and characterized by feelings of sadness, low self esteem and lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. Objective: The main aim of this article is comparison of efficacy of real neurofeedback therapy versus sham (unreal or placebo) in adolescents with major depressive disorder in Iran, Mashhad. Material & Method: This study included 28 adolescents with major depression that were diagnosed by psychiatric interview according to DSM -V and Hamilton scale. They were randomly divided into two groups. All patients were treated with 20 mg of fluoxetine. Half received neurofeedback treatment on F3 region and the other half received unreal neurofeedback treatment or sham (placebo). Immediately after the 20th session Hamilton test was conducted. Results: The efficacy of treatment with real and unreal neurofeedback on adolescents' depression shows difference in scores. The differences between pre-test and post-test scores within each group and finally between the two groups were compared using independent t-test. According to the results, the index calculated t (-0.9) is not significant. So there is no significant difference between real and unreal neurofeedback effects. Conclusion: This study shows that real neurofeedback therapy was effective; but this efficacy was not significantly different from unreal neurofeedback therapy in adolescent depression. This means that in F3 region, the effect of real neurofeedback therapy was not any different from unreal neurofeedback on adolescents' depression. Experiments on other regions are suggested.
Political economy and pensions in ageing societies – a note on how an

Ageing puts a strain on most countries’ pension systems; forecasts show them to be more or less unsustainable. Evidence from social choice research, theoretical as well as empirical, does not seem to offer a way out of the dilemma, as the median voter will resist a reform. Despite this, Sweden has implemented a major reform, supposedly making the system sustainable. The question in this paper is thus: how was it possible to launch such a reform in Sweden? The analysis is based on majority voting models. Important explanatory factors are age structure as well as the age of the median voter; both of these go against the probability of a reform. A focus on age structure in combination with transitional rules and specific features of the reform may provide an explanation. *) Financial support from the research programme “The Elderly and the Economy”, FAS, is gratefully acknowledged.