Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Belonging and Connection to School in Resettlement: Young Refugees, School Belonging, and Psychosocial Adjustment

Schools are one of the first and most influential service systems for young refugees. There is a burgeoning interest in developing school-based refugee mental health services, in part to reduce stigma and increase treatment access for this population. Despite the relevance of gaining a better understanding of how refugee students experience schools in resettlement and how this relates to psychosocial adjustment, belonging and connection to school have not been previously investigated among a population of resettled refugees. This study examines school belonging and psychosocial adjustment among a sample of 76 Somali adolescents resettled in the United States. A greater sense of school belonging was associated with lower depression and higher self-efficacy, regardless of the level of past exposure to adversities. Notably, more than one-quarter of the variation in self-efficacy was explained uniquely by a sense of school belonging. School belonging was not significantly associated with posttraumatic stress symptom severity and did not moderate the effect of exposure to adversities on psychological adjustment. These results suggest that investigating ways of improving school experiences would be particularly useful in the effort towards continued development of school-based mental health programs for young refugees.
The Effect of 5, 10, and 20 Repetition Maximums on the Recovery of Voluntary and Evoked Contractile Properties

Maximal strength training has been reported to emphasize neural adaptations. The main objective of this study was to detect differences in muscle activation between 5, 10, and 20 repetition maximum (RM) sets. Fourteen subjects performed elbow flexion with 5, 10, and 20RM. Subjects were tested for maximum isometric force (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]), twitch amplitude (peak twitch [Pt]), time to peak twitch (TPT), half relaxation time (1/2 RT), electromyography (EMG), and muscle activation (interpolated twitch). Subjects were tested preexercise and 30 seconds, 1, 2, and 3 minutes postexercise. There were no significant differences in MVC, muscle activation, or antagonist/agonist EMG after 5, 10, or 20RM. However, greater RM did have a greater detrimental effect on twitch properties than fewer RM. Peak twitch was significantly (p = 0.004) less (32.08%) for the 20 than for the 5RM, whereas TPT shortened (p < 0.05) by 7.3 and 11.1% with 10 and 20RM vs. 5RM, respectively. Half relaxation time at 20RM was shortened (p < 0.05) by 20.6 and 25.4% compared with that at 5 and 10RM, respectively. MVC, muscle activation, and temporal twitch properties did not recover within 3 minutes of recovery. In conclusion, whereas 5RM did not produce greater muscle inactivation, twitch contractile properties were affected to a greater degree by a higher number of RM.
Individual differences in autonomic response: conditioned association or conditioned fear?

Cluster analysis was used to define three groups of subjects whose conditioned heart rate response emphasized either acceleration, deceleration, or moderate deceleration. A subject pool (N = 148) was generated from four separate studies of differential classical conditioning in which colored slides served as conditioned stimuli (CSs) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was aversive auditory noise. Both the statistically generated Accelerator and Decelerator groups responded with a significant late interval deceleration to CS+. However, only Accelerators also displayed a significant mid-interval heart rate increase to CS+. Conditioned electrodermal responses were significantly more resistant to extinction for Accelerators than for the other two cluster groups. Accelerators also differed from Decelerators in that their affective judgments of the slide stimuli became less positively valent and less dominant from pre- to post-conditioning, effects not found for Decelerators. Moderate Decelerators produced mixed results across the several psychophysiological and verbal measures of conditioning, resembling Accelerators in their verbal report change, and Decelerators in their rapid electrodermal extinction. It is suggested that cluster assignment may reflect subjects' pre-conditioning learning set. All successfully conditioned subjects appear to learn a relationship between stimuli such that the appearance of the CS+ prompts an anticipatory orienting response (late interval heart rate deceleration). Accelerators differ from the other two groups in that they also condition a defensive response which is associated with a change in emotional judgments of the stimuli and may represent covert preparation for avoidance. The relationships between defensive responding, avoidance, and the concept of fear are considered, and the problem of desynchrony in emotional change (i.e., the Moderate Decelerators) is addressed. Finally, parallels are drawn between results from classical conditioning and clinical studies of fear and phobia, and further suggestions are made for utilizing the conditioning paradigm in the study of emotion.
Refined error analysis in second-order Sigma-Delta modulation with constant inputs

Although the technique of sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulation is well established in practice for performing high-resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, theoretical analysis of the error between the input signal and the reconstructed signal has remained partial. For modulators of order higher than 1, the only rigorous error analysis currently available that matches practical and numerical simulation results is only applicable to a very special configuration, namely, the standard and ideal k-bit k-loop /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator. Moreover, the error measure involves averaging over time as well as possibly over the input value. At the second order, it is known in practice that the mean-squared error decays with the oversampling ratio /spl lambda/ at the rate O(/spl lambda//sup -5/). In this paper, we introduce two new fundamental results in the case of constant input signals. We first establish a framework of analysis that is applicable to all second-order modulators provided that the built-in quantizer has uniformly spaced output levels, and that the noise transfer function has its two zeros at the zero frequency. In particular, this includes the one-bit case, a rigorous and deterministic analysis of which is still not available. This generalization has been possible thanks to the discovery of the mathematical tiling property of the state variables of such modulators. The second aspect of our contribution is to perform an instantaneous error analysis that avoids infinite time averaging. Until now, only an O(/spl lambda//sup -4/) type error bound was known to hold in this setting. Under our generalized framework, we provide two types of squared-error estimates; one that is statistically averaged over the input and another that is valid for almost every input (in the sense of Lebesgue measure). In both cases, we improve the error bound to O(/spl lambda//sup -4.5/), up to a logarithmic factor, for a general class of modulators including some specific ones that are covered in this paper in detail. In the particular case of the standard and ideal two-bit double-loop configuration, our methods provide a (previously unavailable) instantaneous error bound of O(/spl lambda//sup -5/), again up to a logarithmic factor.
Does chronic smoking influence fibrinolytic potential in Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) were studied in 18 smokers and 18 closely matched non‐smokers, all of whom had Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). None of the patients had advanced complications of diabetes. The t‐PA and PAI‐1 antigen levels were measured in plasma before and after venous occlusion, and were normal in Type 1 diabetes regardless of smoking status. Platelet PAI‐1 levels were also measured and were found to be normal both in smokers and non‐smokers. In smokers with Type 1 DM, plasma PAI‐1 was significantly correlated with triglycerides. The normal fibrinolytic potential found in smokers with diabetes contrasts starkly with the significantly elevated plasma PAI‐1 reported in smokers without diabetes. In smokers, triglycerides may effect low levels of PAI‐1 release into plasma; this process may be significantly augmented in the presence of smoking‐induced insulin resistance. The lack of endogenous insulin release in Type 1 diabetes may obviate the characteristic rise in plasma PAI‐1 found in smokers who do not have diabetes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and genetic aspects of hypophosphatasia in Japanese patients

Objective We examined the clinical and genetic features of hypophosphatasia (HPP) in Japanese patients. HPP is a rare metabolic bone disorder of bone mineralisation caused by mutations in the liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene, which encodes tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. Methods We retrospectively investigate the incidence and clinical features of 52 patients with paediatric HPP who were born between 1999 and 2010. Mutations of the ALPL gene were analysed in 31 patients. Results The annual incidence of perinatal lethal HPP (PLH) was estimated to be 2–3/1 000 000 births. The most frequent clinical type was PLH followed by prenatal benign. In addition to bone symptoms, cerebral manifestations were frequently observed including convulsion, mental retardation, deafness and short stature with growth hormone deficiency. Respiratory failure was the most significant predictor of a poor prognosis for PLH. The first and second most frequent mutations in the ALPL gene were c.1559delT and c.T979C (p.F327L), respectively. The c.1559delT homozygous mutation was lethal with respiratory failure. Patients with the p.F327L compound heterozygous mutation had the different non-lethal type with short stature and a gradual improvement in ALP level and bone mineralisation. Conclusions The most frequent clinical type was the PLH type with prognosis related to respiratory failure, biochemical/radiological changes and ALPL mutations. Cerebral manifestations frequently occurred. Genotype–phenotype correlations were associated with specific outcomes in the PLH type, whereas different clinical features were associated with the same genotype in the non-lethal type.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a plasma protein that plays an important role in the transfer of lipids between plasma lipoproteins. The CETP inhibitors have been widely studied as a pharmacologic therapy to target plasma cholesterol in order to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease . Using CETP inhibitors as cholesterol modifiers was based on the genetic research that found correlations between CETP activity and cholesterol levels. Although CETP inhibitors are successful at altering targeted cholesterol markers, recent phase 3 outcome trials have shown limited benefit on cardiovascular outcomes when combined with the current standard of care. We discuss the science of CETP inhibition, compare the CETP inhibitors developed (torcetrapib, evacetrapib, dalcetrapib, and anacetrapib), the findings from the CETP inhibitor trials, and the future outlook for CETP inhibitors in cholesterol modification.
Qualitative Factors Of Materiality - A Review Of Empirical Research

Determination of materiality is a crucial step in an audit mission because it affects theentire audit process. The incorrect application of materiality can have serious negativerepercussions on both the audited entity and the auditor (Enron-Anderson). Researches conductedover time revealed the complexity of this element in an audit mission and the need to emergencesome generally accepted rules and regulations to provide support in defining and substantiating theprofessional judgment applied in this stage of the audit.
Persons with early-stage dementia reflect on being outdoors: a repeated interview study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe how persons with early-stage dementia reflect on being outdoors. Method: Data were collected through repeated interviews with a purposive sample of 11 persons with early-stage dementia in Sweden during the period 2009–2010 and were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Informants described being outdoors as a confirmation of the self. Confirmation of their ability to maintain desired activities, despite the dementia disease, was important to the informants. However, some confirmations were not positive; the realisation that one could no longer perform certain activities could be devastating. Two sub-themes emerged: shifting between ‘still being part of it all’ and a sense of grief and loss and striving to keep on despite perceived barriers. Past, but no longer possible, outdoor activities were greatly missed and the informants longed to be able to perform these activities once again. To resolve possible difficulties associated with being outdoors, the informants used various adaptation strategies. Despite the described barriers, being outdoors was of great value to them. Conclusion: Independent outdoor activities seem to contribute to the well-being and feelings of self-worth among persons with early-stage dementia who want to be and are able to be outdoors. If a person with dementia, despite cognitive limitations, wants and is able to engage in outdoor activities, it is important for relatives and health-care staff to encourage and facilitate this, for example, by discussing adaptation strategies to deal with orientation problems.
Effects of lipid sources, lysophospholipids and organic acids in maize-based broiler diets on nutrient balance, liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, jejunal microbiota and performance

Abstract Three experiments with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were conducted to evaluate maize-based diets for broilers containing different lipid sources [soybean oil (S) or beef tallow (T)] supplemented with or without lysophospholipids and organic acids on nutrient balance (Experiment I, evaluation period of 10–14 d), on liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, on jejunal microbiota (Experiment II, sampling at d 14) and on performance (Experiment III, accumulated periods of 1–14, 1–21 and 1–42 d). A total of 1344 male chicks were used. In each experiment, the birds were allotted in a completely randomised design with 8 replications. The lysophospholipids were mainly composed of lysolecithins and the organic acids blend was constituted by lactic (40%), acetic (7%) and butyric acids (1%). An interaction between lipid sources and lysophospholipids was observed on faecal apparent digestibility of lipid (ADL), which improved with lysophospholipids addition in T diets. Broilers fed on S had higher ADL and faecal apparent digestibility of nitrogen-corrected gross energy (ADGEN). It was not possible to demonstrate a significant treatment effect on the liver concentration of vitamins A and E, even with the differences in fatty acid profile between S and T. Enterobacteria values were below the detection threshold. Lysophospholipid supplementation reduced gram-positive cocci in T-fed birds. S diets promoted lower total anaerobe counts compared with T diets, independent of additives. S diets increased BW gain and feed:gain ratio in all evaluation periods. Lysophospholipids and organic acids improved feed:gain ratio at 1–21 d in T diets. Furthermore, main effects were observed for lysophospholipids and organic acids at 1–42 d, which increased BW gain and improved feed:gain ratio, respectively. No positive interactions between additives were found.
The Current Status of Therapy for Adult T-cell Leukaemia-Lymphoma in Japan

More than 25 years have passed since adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma (ATLL) was identified as a distinct clinical entity clustered in the southwestern part of Japan. During these years, its causative agent, Human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I), was found, and remarkable clinical variance of this disease was recognized afterward. Because of the regional occurrence of this disease in the world, young medical scientists whose community is not endemic for this disease may have little understanding of it and may think that it a T-lymphoblastic leukaemia-lymphoma of adult-onset. In Nagasaki prefecture in Japan, where HTLV-I carriers account for 3-5% of the population, the incidence of ATLL is almost the same as the incidence of B-cell lymphomas, and hence ATLL is a matter of major concern. In contrast to the vast accumulation of knowledge about the oncogenic role of HTLV-I and molecular biology of ATLL cells, improvement in the prognosis of patients has not been satisfactorily achieved except for some recent progression. Here, we review the current status of therapy for ATLL in Japan and discuss how best to manage this difficult disease at this point and what next step should be taken.
Effects of latitudinal climate conditions on quality attributes in Brassica oleracea

Brassica is a genus of plants that includes vegetables that are widely used for human consumption and contain high levels of health-promoting compounds. These vegetables are grown in large parts of the world, and the environmental conditions where they are cultivated can affect several quality attributes. The research presented in this thesis examined how variation in growth conditions with latitudinal location can influence both the content of specific health-promoting compounds and sensory attributes. Two cultivars of the species Brassica oleracea, broccoli and kale, were studied under controlled and semi-field conditions. Interest was focused on the variation in day lengths and temperatures associated with different latitudinal conditions, and also light quality and cold acclimation in relation to latitudinal changes. In broccoli, it was found that levels of glucosinolates, vitamin C, and flavonols were sensitive to both temperature and day length. Furthermore, the content of aliphatic glucosinolates and flavonols was highest at high temperatures (21/15 ◦C) and short days (12 h), although in some experiments the levels of aliphatic glucosinolates were highest at lower growth temperatures. Far-red light seemed to reduce the content of glucosinolates and flavonols. For vitamin C, the assessments showed that levels were insensitive to the field conditions and higher at low temperatures. A number of differences in sensory attributes were also observed. For example, several of the sensory attributes did not vary between study locations in Norway (Tromsø and Grimstad) but did differ from those noted in the southernmost summer location (Berlin). The content of glucosinolates in kale was affected less by pre-acclimation growth conditions and more extensively by cold acclimation temperatures. Thus the results provided by the work underlying this thesis indicate that the quality of Brassica vegetables is affected by the latitudinal location of cultivation, and this finding can help optimize quality of the plant and increase the awareness of differences related to this aspect.
Fault detection of linear discrete-time periodic systems

In this note, an approach to the design of optimal fault detection systems for linear discrete-time periodic systems is proposed, which leads to an optimized compromise between robustness to unknown disturbances and sensitivity to faults. The needed computation mainly consists in solving a difference periodic Riccati system. The proposed approach is finally illustrated by a numerical example.
ANTIFERTILITY, ABORTIFACIENT AND FERTILITY PROMOTING DRUGS FROM DANDAKARANYA

In this article, 26 folKlore claims on Antifertility, Abortifacient and Fertility – promoting drugs gathered from the tribals of Dandakaranya during the Medico–Ethno–Botanical explorations undertaken by the authors are presented. suggesting scientific screening of these claims for establishing their validity and acceptability so as to make use of them, with modifications if any, in the National Family Welfare Programmes.
Comparison of the Effects of Histamine and Nα‐Methylhistamine on Neuronal Function in the Guinea‐pig Oesophagus and Ileum

The effects of histamine and Nα‐methylhistamine, two components of gastric juice, on vagal and transmural stimulation of the guinea‐pig isolated oesophagus were compared with their effects on cholinergic and on non‐adrenergic‐non‐cholinergic (NANC) neuronal responses in the isolated ileum, both tissues having been pretreated with mepyramine (1 μm).
Education, Health, and the Default American Lifestyle

Education has a large and increasing impact on health in America. This paper examines one reason why. Education gives individuals the ability to override the default American lifestyle. The default lifestyle has three elements: displacing human energy with mechanical energy, displacing household food production with industrial food production, and displacing health maintenance with medical dependency. Too little physical activity and too much food produce imperceptibly accumulating pathologies. The medical industry looks for products and services that promise to soften the consequences but do not eliminate the underlying pathologies. This “secondary prevention” creates pharmacologic accumulation: prolonging the use of medications, layering them, and accruing their side effects and interactions. Staying healthy depends on recognizing the risks of the default lifestyle. Overriding it requires insight, knowledge, critical analysis, long-range strategic thinking, personal agency, and self-direction. Education develops that ability directly and indirectly, by way of creative work and a sense of controlling one’s own life.
Is recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone more effective in IVF poor responders than human menopausal gonadotrophins?

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine if the recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) is more effective than human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) in IVF poor responders. MATERIAL/METHODS A prospective comparative study over a 2-year period. The setting was the Tertiary IVF Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center. A total of 150 patients were selected from 277 patients with poor response in previous hMG-stimulated cycles who were willing to undergo another cycle of treatment. Seventy-five patients stimulated with rFSH were compared with 75 control subjects (matched for age, early follicular phase FSH, and body mass index) stimulated with urinary hMG. The number of follicles, number of oocytes retrieved, cycle cancellations, and pregnancy rates were the main outcome measures. RESULTS There were no statistical differences in numbers of follicles (6.2 versus 5.7; p=0.97), oocytes recovered (4 versus 3.3; p=0.15), cycle characteristics, or pregnancy rates between hMG- and rFSH-stimulated cycles (p=0.32). CONCLUSIONS Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) has no advantage over urinary human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) on ovarian performance or the outcome of IVF-ET in poor responders' IVF cycles.