Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The perils of ignoring history: Big Tobacco played dirty and millions died. How similar is Big Food?

CONTEXT In 1954 the tobacco industry paid to publish the "Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers" in hundreds of U.S. newspapers. It stated that the public's health was the industry's concern above all others and promised a variety of good-faith changes. What followed were decades of deceit and actions that cost millions of lives. In the hope that the food history will be written differently, this article both highlights important lessons that can be learned from the tobacco experience and recommends actions for the food industry. METHODS A review and analysis of empirical and historical evidence pertaining to tobacco and food industry practices, messages, and strategies to influence public opinion, legislation and regulation, litigation, and the conduct of science. FINDINGS The tobacco industry had a playbook, a script, that emphasized personal responsibility, paying scientists who delivered research that instilled doubt, criticizing the "junk" science that found harms associated with smoking, making self-regulatory pledges, lobbying with massive resources to stifle government action, introducing "safer" products, and simultaneously manipulating and denying both the addictive nature of their products and their marketing to children. The script of the food industry is both similar to and different from the tobacco industry script. CONCLUSIONS Food is obviously different from tobacco, and the food industry differs from tobacco companies in important ways, but there also are significant similarities in the actions that these industries have taken in response to concern that their products cause harm. Because obesity is now a major global problem, the world cannot afford a repeat of the tobacco history, in which industry talks about the moral high ground but does not occupy it.
Overexpression of the major vault transporter protein lung-resistance protein predicts treatment outcome in acute myeloid leukemia.

The monoclonal antibody LRP56 recognizes a 110-kD major vault protein (lung-resistance protein [LRP]) overexpressed in several P-glycoprotein-negative (Pgp-), multidrug resistant tumor cell lines. To determine the frequency of LRP overexpression, its prognostic significance, and its relation to Pgp, we analyzed bone marrow specimens from 87 consecutive patients with acute leukemia. Diagnoses included de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 21 patients), leukemia arising from an antecedent hematologic disorder or prior cytotoxic therapy (secondary AML; 27 patients), AML in relapse (29 patients), and blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-BP; 10 patients). A granular cytoplasmic staining pattern was detected by immunocytochemistry in 32 (37%) cases, including 7 (33%) de novo AML, 13 (48%) secondary AML, 11 (38%) relapsed AML, and 1 of 10 CML-BP. Among 66 evaluable patients with AML, LRP overexpression was associated with an inferior response to induction chemotherapy (P = .0017). Remissions were achieved in 35% of LRP+ patients as compared with 68% of LRP- patients. Although Pgp adversely affected response in univariate analysis (P = .0414), only LRP had independent prognostic significance when compared in a logistic regression model (P = .0046). Differences in remission duration (P = .075) and overall survival (P = .058) approached significance only for LRP. Sequential specimens from remitting patients receiving treatment with the Pgp modulator cyclosporin-A showed emergence of the LRP phenotype despite a decrease or loss of Pgp at the time of treatment failure (P =.0304). Significant associations were observed between LRP and age greater than 55 years (P = .017), Pgp (P = .040), and prior treatment with mitoxantrone (P = .020) but not with CD34. These findings indicate that overexpression of the novel transporter protein LRP is an important predictor of treatment outcome in AML.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Pregnancy and Delivery before and after Implementation of the Two-child Policy

Background: After the two-child policy is fully implemented, new challenges regarding pregnancy management and the treatment of pregnancy complications will arise. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of pregnancy and delivery before and after the implementation of the two-child policy to make suggestions on the quality assurance of the new era of obstetrics. Methods: In total, 5895 cases of pregnant women who delivered from April 2016 to March 2017 in Peking University Third Hospital served as the study group and 5103 cases of pregnant women who delivered from January to December 2015 served as the control group. The characteristics of pregnancy and delivery were retrospectively analyzed. Results: In the study group, the percentage of pregnant women who were older (over 40 years) (3.6% vs. 2.2%), were multipara (30.3% vs. 17.0%), received irregular prenatal care (1.5% vs. 0.9%), were transferred for treatment from a subordinate hospital (4.4% vs. 2.8%), and were not residents of Beijing (3.8% vs. 2.2%), were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the study group, the rate of a hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (6.4% vs. 5.0%), gestational diabetes mellitus (25.3% vs. 23.1%), dangerous placenta previa (3.0% vs. 2.3%), placental implantation (2.4% vs. 1.8%), and severe postpartum hemorrhage (2.8% vs. 1.9%) was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the study group, the cesarean section rate during primipara was significantly reduced compared with the control group (42.0% vs. 44.2%). However, the rate during multipara was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Indications for cesarean section in the study group as well as the percentages of scared uterus and placenta previa were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the current situation, better methods are needed to strengthen pregnancy and delivery management, reduce the rate of cesarean section, and ensure a positive outcome for mothers and babies.
Suppression of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by Stress.∗

Summary Stress, in the form of restraint repeated throughout the experiment or during its first half, suppressed development of clinical and histologic signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats after intradermal challenge with encephalitogenic emulsion. Clinical signs, but not histologic lesions, were suppressed by restraint when the highly effective foot pad route of challenge was employed. Intraperitoneal injections of adjuvant also suppressed EAE in rats simultaneously challenged with encephalitogenic emulsion in the skin. It is suggested that suppression of EAE by intraperitoneal adjuvant was due to the stressful effects of the consequent sterile granulomatous peritonitis. Thus, the occurrence of granulomatous peritonitis may explain the failure to produce EAE when rats are challenged by intraperitoneal route with encephalitogenic emulsions that contain adjuvant.
Vestibular Input to Visual‐Tracking Neurons in Area MST of Awake Rhesus Monkeys

Area MST in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey cortex has been implicated in the organization of smooth-pursuit eye movements. This view is based both on the results of single-unit recordings and the effects of experimental lesions. Previous work has demonstrated that the directional responses of many MST neurons (VT neurons) during smooth pursuit reflect integration of retinal image motion with a nonvisual pursuit-related signal,1s2 and it has been proposed that the latter might be an eye movement efference copy useful for the maintenance of ongoing smooth pursuit? We have now found that the pursuit-related discharge of such neurons is the same during head tracking [suppression of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR)] and eye tracking (with the head stationary). This observation indicates that nonvisual input to VT neurons includes both eyeand head-movement-related components. Eighteen out of 29 VT neurons recorded from the lateral part of area MST (MST-1) on the lower anterior bank and the floor of the STS in 2 adult rhesus monkeys were studied during alternating sets of both eye and head tracking. Fifteen of these had the same preferred directions for eye tracking and retinal image slip, the latter as determined by probing with behaviorally irrelevant visual stimuli during stationary fixation. Of the remaining 3 , l was visually unresponsive and the other 2 so weakly responsive that directionality could not be adequately determined. Eye tracking was elicited using step ramps and circular motion of a target rear-projected onto a tangent screen. Head tracking was achieved by suppression of the horizontal (yaw oscillation) or vertical (pitch oscillation) VOR by fixation of a light-emitting diode (LED) target rotated in synchrony with the animal in an otherwise dark room. The nonvisual nature of the tracking response was verified by the lack of significant responsiveness to brief periods of target blinks during eye tracking or head tracking and in addition by the lack of responsiveness to brief periods of retinal target image stabilization during eye tracking. The discharge of all VT neurons tested was modulated similarly by both eye and head tracking (see FIGURE 1 for an example). Complete data sets for both suppression of the horizontal and the vertical VOR were obtained for 14 neurons. This allowed us to estimate the preferred direction for head tracking by vectorial addition of the responses to suppression of the horizontal VOR and vertical VOR and then to compare to this the preferred direction for eye tracking. Without exception, the preferred directions for eye and head tracking proved to be well aligned (see FIGURE 2 for examples), with a range of differences not statistically different from 0. Moreover, preliminary analysis suggests that speed preferences for eye and head tracking were also the same.
Genetic Architecture of Declarative Memory

Why do memory abilities vary so greatly across individuals and cognitive domains? Although memory functions are highly heritable, what exactly is being genetically transmitted? Here we review evidence for the contribution of both common and partially independent inheritance of distinct aspects of memory function. We begin by discussing the assessment of long-term memory and its underlying neural and molecular basis. We then consider evidence for both specialist and generalist genes underlying individual variability in memory, indicating that carving memory into distinct subcomponents may yield important information regarding its genetic architecture. And finally we review evidence from both complex and single-gene disorders, which provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of human memory function.
Periodontal Regeneration using an Enamel Matrix Derivative (EmdogainTM) as Mono- or Combine Therapy-A Surgical Approach

The main goals of contemporary periodontal therapy include not only the arrest of periodontal disease progression, but also the regeneration of structures lost to disease where this is appropriate approach. The surgical procedures aimed the more predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues and functional attachment close to their original level. The continuous improvements in surgical techniques and knowledge of healing processes leading to advance technology and predictability of the regenerative procedures. The aim of this paper is to present two clinical cases of periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative (EmdogainTMStraumann, Switzerland) as a mono-therapy and EmdogainTM in combination withbone grafting material.
A review of the use of adjunctive therapies in severe acute asthma exacerbation in critically ill children

Asthma is a common and potentially life threatening childhood condition. Asthma involves not only chronic airway remodeling, but may also include frequent exacerbations resulting from bronchospasm, edema, and mucus production. In children with severe exacerbations, standard therapy with β2-agonists, anti-cholinergic agents, oxygen, and systemic steroids may fail to reverse the severe airflow obstruction and necessitate use of adjunctive therapies. These therapies include intravenous or inhaled magnesium, inhaled helium-oxygen mixtures, intravenous methylxanthines, intravenous β2-agonists, and intravenous ketamine. Rarely, these measures are not successful and following the initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation, inhaled anesthetics or extracorporeal life support may be required. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and evidence for adjunctive therapies in the setting of severe acute asthma exacerbations in children.
Comparison between rest technetium-99m-tetrofosmin and rest-redistribution thallium-201 SPECT in stable patients with healed myocardial infarction

Resting 99mTc-tetrofosmin (TF) uptake was compared with thallium (201Tl) rest-redistribution (R-RD) uptake in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) to assess the ability of TF to detect viable myocardium. We studied 30 patients (21 males and nine females, mean age 53.9±12.5 years) with prior MI and left ventricular dysfunction who had been referred for coronary revascularization procedures. Myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were obtained 1 h after injection of 750 MBq of TF. Within 1 week of the TF study, R-RD 201Tl SPECT imaging was performed after injection of 111 MBq of 201Tl. Quantitative analysis was performed in 21 segments. Viability was defined as the presence of tracer uptake greater than 50% of the peak activity on baseline studies or after reversibility. There was significant correlation between the quantitative regional R-RD 201Tl activity and the resting TF activity (r = 0.88, P<0.001). Quantitative analysis showed that the uptake of the two tracers was comparable in normal segments as well as in segments with fixed 201Tl defects. In contrast, in segments with reversible 201Tl defects, TF uptake was significantly greater than resting 201Tl uptake, but lower than R-RD 201Tl uptake. There were 52 segments (47% of the severely reduced segments on TF images) that showed no viability with TF, but were viable on the redistribution 201Tl studies. We conclude that quantitative resting TF SPECT underestimates the presence of viable myocardium compared with R-RD 201Tl imaging on the basis of using 50% of the peak activity as the viability threshold.
Pre-clinical evaluation of CD38 chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells for the treatment of multiple myeloma

Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. The CD38 molecule, with its high expression on multiple myeloma cells, appears a suitable target for antibody therapy. Prompted by this, we used three different CD38 antibody sequences to generate second-generation retroviral CD38-chimeric antigen receptor constructs with which we transduced T cells from healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients. We then evaluated the preclinical efficacy and safety of the transduced T cells. Irrespective of the donor and antibody sequence, CD38-chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells proliferated, produced inflammatory cytokines and effectively lysed malignant cell lines and primary malignant cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and multi-drug resistant multiple myeloma in a cell-dose, and CD38-dependent manner, despite becoming CD38-negative during culture. CD38-chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells also displayed significant anti-tumor effects in a xenotransplant model, in which multiple myeloma tumors were grown in a human bone marrow-like microenvironment. CD38-chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells also appeared to lyse the CD38+ fractions of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and to a lesser extent T and B cells but did not inhibit the outgrowth of progenitor cells into various myeloid lineages and, furthermore, were effectively controllable with a caspase-9-based suicide gene. These results signify the potential importance of CD38-chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells as therapeutic tools for CD38+ malignancies and warrant further efforts to diminish the undesired effects of this immunotherapy using appropriate strategies.
A scalable, GFP‐based pipeline for membrane protein overexpression screening and purification

We describe a generic, GFP‐based pipeline for membrane protein overexpression and purification in Escherichia coli. We exemplify the use of the pipeline by the identification and characterization of E. coli YedZ, a new, membrane‐integral flavocytochrome. The approach is scalable and suitable for high‐throughput applications. The GFP‐based pipeline will facilitate the characterization of the E. coli membrane proteome and serves as an important reference for the characterization of other membrane proteomes.
Performance on Two Attention Tasks as a Function of Sex and Competition

Effects of sex and competition on receptive attention and Stroop task performance of 59 college students were investigated. 33 participants in a competitive condition were informed that performance would be ranked by sex; 36 in a noncompetitive condition were given no information regarding competition. Consistent with previous research, no significant main effects or interactions were found for scores on the receptive attention task. Contrary to previous findings, though, the Stroop task also yielded no significant main effects; however, a significant interaction was found. Men experienced more interference in the competitive condition, whereas women showed no significant effects of competition. Women did experience more interference than men in the Noncompetitive condition. Conclusions suggest that men may be more sensitive to sex-based performance comparisons.
Culture of gingival fibroblasts on bioabsorbable regenerative materials in vitro.

BACKGROUND The use of membranes in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) can limit the apical migration of gingival cells and favor the establishment of new attachment by periodontal ligament fibroblasts. However, gingival recession during healing following GTR has been described as a frequent complication. The purpose of this study was to determine if gingival fibroblasts are affected by the composition of the bioabsorbable membranes used in mucogingival surgery. METHODS Two type of bioabsorbable regenerative materials were used as cell carriers. Wistar rat gingival fibroblasts (RGF) were obtained from attached gingiva, cut into small fragments, and placed in culture dishes. When confluent, cells were detached using trypsin and identified as "first transferred cells" (P1). At the third passage (P3), cell count, trypan blue exclusion test, acid phosphatase activity, DNA synthesis, phase contrast microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The cells were then placed in wells containing the membranes and incubated for 72 hours. RESULTS When examined under microscopy, the control wells (without membranes) showed one cell type with the elongated appearance characteristic of fibroblasts. The wells with membranes showed an altered cell morphology with a high proportion of cell fragments regardless of the type of membrane used. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cell carrier membranes could affect RGF morphology and thus alter gingival tissue healing following GTR.
Rat bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells, but not ex vivo dendritic cells, secrete nitric oxide and can inhibit T‐cell proliferation

The relationships between different dendritic cell (DC) populations are not clearly established. In particular, it is not known how DC generated in vitro relate to those identified in vivo. Here we have characterized rat bone marrow‐derived DC (BMDC) and compared them with DC isolated from spleen (SDC) and pseudo‐afferent lymph (LDC). BMDC express typical DC markers and are mostly OX41 positive and CD4 negative. In contrast to ex vivo DC, some BMDC express Fc receptors. FcR+ and FcR− BMDC express similar levels of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC) and are B7 positive, but some FcR− BMDC express high levels of B7. In contrast to freshly isolated or cultured ex vivo SDC and LDC, both BMDC subpopulations can express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and can secrete nitric oxide (NO) in amounts similar to those secreted by peritoneal macrophages. Despite expressing MHC class II and B7, FcR+ BMDC stimulate only a very weak MLR and inhibit stimulation by FcR− BMDC and ex vivo DC. Inhibition is only partially NO dependent. FcR+ BMDC are not macrophages, as judged by adherence and phagocytosis. Both subpopulations are able to present antigen to primed T cells in vitro and are able to prime naïve CD4 T cells in vivo. However, unlike SDC, BMDC are unable to stimulate cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) responses to a minor histocompatibility antigen. Thus, BMDC show marked differences to ex vivo DC and their relationship to those of in vivo DC populations, to date, is unclear.
Evaluation of Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) Program in Dengue Prevention: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study in Selangor, Malaysia

World Health Organization (WHO) has begun applying an approach known as Communication for Behavioural Impact (COMBI) in the design and implementation of behavioural-focused social mobilization and communication programmes for communicable diseases prevention and control as well as in Malaysia (1). A cross sectional study was carried out in Selangor, Malaysia to evaluate the effectiveness of the COMBI programme in preventing and controlling dengue. The study conducted had qualitative (in-depth interview and a Focus Group Discussion) and quantitative components which compared the perception (knowledge, attitude and practice) from the community with COMBI and community without COMBI in Selangor. The programme did influenced the KAP of the respondents but only during its implementation weeks. The result from qualitative study was corresponded with conclusion made during a discussion in Asia Pacific Dengue Forum in February 2006 in Chiang Mai which listed weaknesses in dengue prevention and control programme in Asia Pacific countries including Malaysia (2). Problems on human resources and fund had significantly affected the sustainability of COMBI Programme in long term (3). A study in two districts in Khamphaeng Phet, Thailand in 2004 showed the same finding (4) . The other study on KAP in Sao Paolo, Brazil in 1998 showed that urban residents with high economics and social status had a high level of knowledge on dengue (5). Qualitative result, epidemiological and entomological evaluation showed that the programme failed to give the desired behavioral impact the programme concluded. Qualitative result also highlighted the problem of insufficient health care personnel, funding and lack of public campaign which need to be addressed by the stakeholders. Optimization of multi-agencies collaboration is one of the suggested solutions to overcome the problems faced by the programme. The health authorities should create more awareness and empower the community with the knowledge, attitude and practices on the dengue prevention and control.
Technological Capabilities and Samsung Electronics' International Production Network in Asia

Technological Capabilities and Samsung Electronics' International Production Network in Asia Youngsoo Kim Working Paper 106 November 1997 ©Copyright 1997, BRIE Youngsoo Kim is a Visiting Fellow at Australia Japan Research Centre of Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National University and a Director at Australia - Korea Research Association. Support for this BRIE Working Paper is provided by the Alfred. P. Sloan. Table of Contents Samsung in the 1970s—From Textiles to Televisions Samsung in the 1980s—Technological upgrading Integrated Circuits The OEM Trap Samsung In the 1990s: Challenge and Response Declining competitive advantage leads to organizational restructuring Internationalization of Production