Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chromaffin system of the beluga sturgeon Huso huso (Chondrostei): Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Abstract The histology and fine structure of the chromaffin cells were examined in the beluga sturgeon Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758. Chromaffin cells, identified by the chromaffin reaction and immunohistochemical reactions for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine—ß‐hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyltransferase, were spread over the entire length of the kidney, mainly localized in the walls of the cardinal and caudal veins and their main branches. Ultrastructural analysis revealed two different types of catecholamine containing cells distinguished by their secretory granules, as in other vertebrate species. According to the different electron‐densities of the granules, the cells could be distinguished as adrenaline and noradrenaline producing cells. The presence of nerve fibres and a few endings led us to hypothesize the neural control of catecholamine secretion. Moreover, the positivity of the immunohistochemical reaction for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), in nerve elements close to the chromaffin cells suggested the involvement of NO in the regulation of cell function. The distribution, cytological aspects and regulation of the chromaffin system of the beluga sturgeon are compared with the same system in other bony fishes.
NGC 6334 and NGC 6357: Hα kinematics and the nature of the H II regions

Aims: NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 are amongst the most active, optically visible Galactic star-forming complexes. They are composed of several H ii regions that have a significant impact on their surrounding. The aim of this paper is to present a kinematic study of the optical H ii regions that belong to NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. Methods: We use Fabry-Perot interferometer observations of the Hα line, which cover NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. These observations allow us to analyse the Hα line profiles to probe the kinematics of the ionised gas of both regions. We complement the Hα observations with multi-wavelength data to specify the nature of the H ii regions. Results: We determine the dynamical nature of the optical H ii regions that belongs to NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. In NGC 6334, GUM 61 is an expanding wind shell-like H ii region, GUM 64b exhibits a champagne flow, GM1-24 is the Hα counterpart of two larger regions and H ii 351.2+0.5 is, in fact, composed of two H ii regions. In NGC 6357, H ii 353.08+0.28 and H ii 353.09+0.63 are probably stellar wind-shaped bubble H ii regions, while H ii 353.42+0.45 is a classical photo-ionised H ii region. We suggest that, at large scale, star-formation seems to be triggered where large/old H ii regions intersect. Inversely, stellar formation seems to have already started in the NGC 6334 north-east filament, irrespective of any evident external H ii region impact. While NGC 6357 shows more complicated kinematics, NGC 6334 is characterised by a more active stellar formation. The Hα data (FITS cubes) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat? J/A+A/587/A135
Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): importance of vegetation structure on seasonal NPP estimates

Estimates of the seasonal absorbed fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) and net primary productivity (NPP) are compared among four production efficiency models (PEMs) and seven terrestrial biosphere models simulating canopy development. In addition, the simulated FPARs of the models are compared to the FASIR‐FPAR derived from NOAA‐AVHRR satellite observations. All models reproduce observed summergreen phenology of temperate deciduous forests rather well, but perform less well for raingreen phenology of savannas. Some models estimate a much longer active canopy in savannas than indicated by satellite observations. As a result, these models estimate high negative monthly NPP during the dry season. For boreal and tropical evergreen ecosystems, several models overestimate LAI and FPAR. When the simulated canopy does respond to unfavourable periods, the seasonal NPP is largely determined by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). When the simulated canopy does not respond to unfavourable periods, the light use efficiency (LUE) influences the seasonal NPP more. However, the relative importance of APAR and LUE can change seasonally.
Effects of Changes in Income on Changes in Consumption: An Empirical Investigation for Illinois Farm Households

Using repeated cross section data, this study identifies how changes in income (defined over different ranges of income change) affect changes of farm household consumption. OLS regression confirms that the number of members within a farm household positively affects changes of consumption at the 1% significance level, and households with children compared to childless households are recognized to have lower change of consumption at the 5% significance level. In addition, households that experience income increases of more than 50% have higher changes of consumption compared to households who face an income decrease of more than 50% at the 1% significance level. However, no significant change of consumption is found for households with income changes between -50% and +50%. These results are not robust when a smaller dataset is considered. This research is significant because few previous studies have tried determining relevant income change ranges, at which consumption changes significantly with income. The results of the study might be further analyzed to help creditors to decide the typical cash flow demands from farm expenditures and consumption, as well as which farmers are in most need of loans.
Uncertainty Analyses Applied to the UAM/TMI-1 Lattice Calculations Using the DRAGON (Version 4.05) Code and Based on JENDL-4 and ENDF/B-VII.1 Covariance Data

The OECD/NEA Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM) expert group organized and launched the UAM benchmark. Its main objective is to perform uncertainty analysis in light water reactor (LWR) predictions at all modeling stages. In this paper, multigroup microscopic cross-sectional uncertainties are propagated through the DRAGON (version 4.05) lattice code in order to perform uncertainty analysis on kinf and 2-group homogenized macroscopic cross-sections. The chosen test case corresponds to the Three Mile Island-1 (TMI-1) lattice, which is a 15*15 pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel assembly segment with poison and at full power conditions. A statistical methodology is employed for the uncertainty assessment, where cross-sections of certain isotopes of various elements belonging to the 172-group DRAGLIB library format are considered as normal random variables. Two libraries were created for such purposes, one based on JENDL-4 data and the other one based on the recently released ENDF/B-VII.1 data. Therefore, multigroup uncertainties based on both nuclear data libraries needed to be computed for the different isotopic reactions by means of ERRORJ. The uncertainty assessment performed on kinf and macroscopic cross-sections, that is based on JENDL-4 data, was much higher than the assessment based on ENDF/B-VII.1 data. It was found that the computed Uranium 235 fission covariance matrix based on JENDL-4 is much larger at the thermal and resonant regions than, for instance, the covariance matrix based on ENDF/B-VII.1 data. This can be the main cause of significant discrepancies between different uncertainty assessments.
Evaluation of Miswak ( Salvadora persica ) as a Herbal Additive in Broiler Chickens

Introduction The prolonged use of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock production industry has resulted in two main problems: the risk of antibiotic residues in animal products (meat, milk, and egg) and the possibility of developing antibiotic resistance in humans and animals. Hence, there is concern regarding dietary supplementation of these feed additives in livestock. In recent years, application of in-feed antibiotics has been limited and instead, there is growing interest in the use of organic, natural and effective alternatives such as herbal plants or their derivates (Hippenstiel et al., 2011). Plant products or phytobiotics are considered natural and residue-free compounds that have less toxic effects than the chemical additives such as antibiotics (Upadhaya and Kim, 2017). Thus, their usage can benefit health (Diaz-Sanchez et al., 2015). Miswak (Salvadora persica) is one of the most important medicinal plants. Different parts of this tree (root, twig, and stem) are extensively used for oral hygiene (Ahmad and Rajagopal, 2013), giving meaning to its name “toothcleaning stick” in Arabic. Miswak tree is found in Asian countries such as Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Abstract
Price Discovery in the Stock and Corporate Bond Markets

This paper uses intraday U.S. bond transaction and stock quote data to investigate whether corporate bonds lead stocks in price discovery of underlying firm value. I use Hasbrouck's (1995) "information share" approach to determine the relative contribution of corporate bonds to price discovery. Based on a sample of 214 firms, I find that corporate bond markets contribute 12.6% on average to price discovery from 2009 to 2011. Corporate bond market price discovery increases with the riskiness of the underlying firm value, and is related to contemporaneous market conditions. The findings are consistent with the informed trading theory and Merton (1973) model.
The Effect of Variation of Molarity of Alkali Activator and Fine Aggregate Content on the Compressive Strength of the Fly Ash: Palm Oil Fuel Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar

The effect of molarity of alkali activator, manufactured sand (M-sand), and quarry dust (QD) on the compressive strength of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and fly ash (FA) based geopolymer mortar was investigated and reported. The variable investigated includes the quantities of replacement levels of M-sand, QD, and conventional mining sand (N-sand) in two concentrated alkaline solutions; the contents of alkaline solution, water, POFA/FA ratio, and curing condition remained constant. The results show that an average of 76% of the 28-day compressive strength was found at the age of 3 days. The rate of strength development from 3 to 7 days was found between 12 and 16% and it was found much less beyond this period. The addition of 100% M-sand and QD shows insignificant strength reduction compared to mixtures with 100% N-sand. The particle angularity and texture of fine aggregates played a significant role in the strength development due to the filling and packing ability. The rough texture and surface of QD enables stronger bond between the paste and the fine aggregate. The concentration of alkaline solution increased the reaction rate and thus enhanced the development of early age strength. The use of M-sand and QD in the development of geopolymer concrete is recommended as the strength variation between these waste materials and conventional sand is not high.
The Circadian Clock‐controlled Transcriptome of Developing Soybean Seeds

A number of metabolic and physiological processes in plants are controlled by the circadian clock, which enables a plant to anticipate daily changes in the environment. Relatively little is known about circadian rhythms in developing seeds, which may be important for determining the extent and timing of nutrient storage in grain. Microarray expression profiling was used to identify genes expressed in developing soybean (Glycine max) seeds that are controlled by the circadian clock. Genes with predicted functions in protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and photosynthesis totaling 1.8% of the mRNAs detected in seed were found to be expressed in a circadian rhythm. Known circadian and light‐controlled promoter elements were identified as over‐represented in the promoters of clock‐controlled seed genes, with the over‐represented elements varying according to the phase of circadian expression. A subset of circadian‐regulated genes were found to be expressed in different phases in developing seeds with respect to leaves from the same plants, many of which have roles in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. These results help to characterize the genes and processes in seeds that may be regulated by the circadian clock, and provide some insight into organ‐specific phasing of clock controlled gene expression.
Shading effects on the yield of an Argentinian wheat cultivar

SUMMARY Shading treatments of 50% of the incident radiation were applied to the semidwarf wheat cultivar Leones INTA before and after anthesis in two field experiments in Argentina in 1987 and 1988. The treatments reduced biological (above-ground dry matter) yield, grain yield and number of grains/m2. Number of grains/m2 was closely and linearly correlated with ear dry weight at anthesis and with the photothermal quotient, calculated from 20 days before to 10 days after anthesis. Grain yield was sink limited, and the shading treatments reduced sink strength. The contribution of preanthesis assimilates to grain yield was smaller in the shaded crops than in the unshaded controls; in unshaded crops, almost 40% of grain yield was contributed by preanthesis assimilates whilst in preanthesis shaded crops this contribution was negligible. The proportion of preanthesis assimilates contributed to the grain was closely related to the decrease in stem dry weight during grain filling. The effects of shading on main stems and tillers were the same.
A method for low-flow estimation at ungauged sites: a case study in Wallonia (Belgium)

Well-integrated water management can notably re- quire estimating low flows at any point of a river. Depending on the management practice, it can be needed for various re- turn periods. This is seldom addressed in the literature. This paper shows the development of a full analysis chain includ- ing quality analysis of gauging stations, low-flow frequency analysis, and building of a global model to assess low-flow indices on the basis of catchment physical parameters. The most common distributions that fit low-flow data in Wallonia were two-parameter lognormal and gamma. The recession coefficient and percolation were the most explana- tory variables, regardless of the return period. The determi- nation coefficients of the models ranged from 0.51 to 0.67 for calibration and from 0.61 to 0.80 for validation. The regres- sion coefficients were found to be linked to the return period. This was used to design a complete equation that gives the low-flow index based on physical parameters and the desired return period (in a 5 to 50 yr range). The interest of regionalisation and the development of re- gional models are also discussed. Four homogeneous regions are identified, but to date the global model remains more ro- bust due to the limited number of 20-yr-long gauging sta- tions. This should be reconsidered in the future when enough data will be available.
Consumption Over the Life Cycle and Over the Business Cycle

The main aim of this paper is to assess the validity of the life cycle model of consumption. In particular, we address an issue that has recently received much attention, especially in the macroeconomic literature: that of "excess sensitivity" of consumption growth to income growth. We do this using a time series of cross sections and a novel and flexible parameterization of preferences. The former allows us to' address aggregation issues directly, while with the latter we can allow both the discount factor and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution eis to be affected by various observable variables and lifetime wealth. The main findings can be summarized as follows: (i) the excess sensitivity of consumption growth to labor income disappears when we control for demographic variables. This is true both at life cycle and business cycle frequencies. (ii) estimation of a flexible specification of preferences indicates that the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is a function of several variables, including the level of consumption. The eis increases with the level of consumption, as expected. (iii) the variables that change the eis are also important in explaining why we observe excess sensitivity over the business cycle. (iv) we are able to reconcile our results with those reported both in the macro and micro literature. (v) in our specification the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is not very well determined. This result, however, should be taken with care, as we have not made an effort to construct a 'preferred' specification, which would probably include additional controls for labor supply behavior. The evidence presented shows that the life cycle model cannot be easily dismissed. Indeed, we believe that the model does a good job at representing consumption behavior both over the life cycle and over the business cycle.
Rotational periodicities in sunspot relative numbers

Context. The search for active longitudes on the Sun has a long history, and many controversial results have been published. Recently the question became more important when active longitudes were found on other stars. Aims. The aim of this paper is to investigate an integral measure of solar activity available for a long time interval and which allows enough frequency resolution for the investigation of active longitudes. Such a measure is given by the daily sunspot relative numbers. Methods. A search for periodicities is performed with a classical Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), with a wavelet analysis and with the tool of superimposed epochs. Results. The FFT yields a hump of power peaks near the synodic rotation period of 27 days, but only a very weak and insignificant enhancement around 13.5 days, indicating that the mean rotational variation of the sunspot numbers typically has one maximum and one minimum (overlaid by minor fluctuations). The wavelet analysis shows that spectral power for single periods varies for certain time intervals. A systematic drift during the solar activity cycle is not detected. Similar results are obtained from the superimposed epochs. Periodic “flip-flops” with time scales of a few years as for some stars are not found for the Sun in this investigation. Conclusions. Sunspots are not distributed equally over the longitudes; there is a more active and a less active hemisphere. The rotation period derived from the pattern varies over long time scales. The results found in this work are not in favor of an explanation of the variations due to a differential rotation law. The rotation of the sunspot distribution pattern might reflect the internal rotation of the Sun, but it better fits the range of highest rotation rates in the upper convection zone than the rotation near the tachocline.
THREE PHASE ON-LINE UPS BY IMPLEMENTING T-SOURCE INVERTER WITH MAXIMUM CONSTANT BOOST PWM CONTROL

This paper presents the new topology of three phase on line Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) by employing T-Source Inverter (TSI) with maximum constant boost Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control and the results are compared with the conventional Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). The conventional UPS consists of Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) with step up transformer or DC-DC booster which decreases the efficiency and increases energy conversion cost. The proposed three phase UPS with TSI has the voltage boost capability through shoot through zero state which is not present in the conventional VSI. This proposed UPS increases the efficiency due to single stage conversion, reduces the harmonics, increases the voltage gain and reduces the voltage stress. The performance of the three phase on-line UPS with TSI is simulated in MATLAB / SIMULINK software and the results are compared with conventional UPS. The simulation and the theoretical analysis are validated with experimental results.
Flipping the Classroom: Effects on Course Experience, Academic Motivation, and Performance in an Undergraduate Exercise Science Research Methods Course

The goal of the study was to determine the effects of the Flipped Classroom Model (FCM) on students’ course experience, basic need satisfaction, motivation, and academic performance in an undergraduate Research Methods course for exercise science majors. One section received instruction in a Traditional Lecture Model (TLM), while the other section received instruction via the FCM. An adapted survey was administered to approximately 175 students, with 83% responding. Significant differences were seen in course experience (learning resources and course organization). Analysis of lecture viewing data revealed that students in the FCM did not adhere to a level of lecture viewing that would ensure success in the course. The FCM was determined to be a viable alternative to TLM, as motivation and general course experiences was high for both formats, however instructors must be aware of the need to reinforce preparation for in-class work.
IS BODY FAT RATIO OF LOWER EXTREMITIES A PREDICTOR OF RACE TIME IN UNIVERSITY TRIATHLETES ? 1

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lower extremity fat ratios on race time in university triathletes. The study was carried out with a total of 43 (17 women and 26 men ) volunteer athletes who participating and completed the competition in the 9th World Universities Triathlon Championships (age 22,30±2,42 year, height 172,76±16,08 cm, body weight 64,79±9,93 kg). Bioelectrical impedance analysis method (BIA) was used in the evaluation of body composition and lower limb segmental analysis (Tanita BC 418). Measurements were performed before the competition in a fasting condition with shorts and t-shirts. The athletes were competed in Olympic triathlon distance (1.5 km swimming, 40 km cycling, and 10 km running) at a temperature of 40° C. The SPSS 16.0 statistical program was used in the calculation and evaluation of the data. According to the test of normality results, the Pearson correlation analysis was used to explain the relationship between the measurements. The linear regression analysis was employed to determine the effects of lower extremity fat rate on race time. This study investigating the effect of lower extremity fat ratio on race time revealed that lower extremity fat ratio has a significant effect on running, cycling and total race time; except for swimming, at p<0.001 level. The regression results have shown that running, cycling and total race time have a statistically significant relationship respectively with fat mass (r = 0.699, r = 0.781, r = 0.807), fat percentage (r = 0.711, r = 0.868, r = 0.866), fat-free mass (r = -0.492, r = -0.741, r = -0.681) and muscle mass (r = -0.497, r = -0.748, r = -0.687) at p<0.001 level. As a result, it was concluded in this study that lower extremity fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free and muscle mass are important variables to predict the running, cycling and total race time for college triathletes. The lower extremity fat-free mass and muscle mass showed a negative correlation with running, cycling and total racing time, and the fat mass and fat percentage showed a positive correlation. It was also shown that these variables had no effect on swimming time. Accordingly, it can be said that the contribution of running and cycling time to total racing time is more than that of the swimming time. However, as the lower extremity fat mass and fat percentage decrease, total race time of athletes shortens and accordingly their performance is likely to be affected positively.