Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RAND Corporation From the SelectedWorks of Edward Okeke 2009 Too Cold for a Jog ? Weather , Exercise , and Socioeconomic Status

This study examines how exercise responds to plausibly exogenous “price shocks,” in the form of weather conditions. Most notably, we find that within cold temperature ranges, a decrease in past-month temperature causes a significant decrease in past-month exercise, and this effect is generally larger for lower education and income groups. In large part this differential by socioeconomic group appears to be due to smaller increases in indoor activity during cold weather. These results suggest that interventions and policies aiming to increase exercise participation, particularly among lower socioeconomic populations, could do so in part by increasing the availability and attractiveness of indoor facilities and activities. Furthermore, to the extent that the higher elasticity of behavior for lower socioeconomic groups reflects a more general sensitivity to external factors, this highlights the promise of interventions that address such factors more broadly.
How many meals a day to minimize cannibalism when rearing larvae of the amazonian catfish Pseudoplatystoma punctifer ? : the cannibal's point of view

Meal frequency is a key parameter in fish larviculture, especially in highly cannibalistic species. Knowledge of the biological bases of cannibalism (growth capacity of cannibals, morphological constraints on cannibalism, prey size preference) can help predicting the risks of cannibalism for different feeding schedules under culture conditions. This study relied on the day-by-day analysis of prey size preference and bioenergetics of individual cannibals of the catfish Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (8–65 mm standard length, SL , 0.5–400 mg dry mass, DM ) at 28.5 °C under 12L:12D. The results were equated with the ontogenetic variations of morphological factors (head and mouth width) and feed efficiency of larvae feeding on Artemia nauplii, in order to calculate the risks of cannibalism among fish fed 2–7 daily meals. The predation capacities of P. punctifer were highest at 8 mm SL and decreased in larger fish (largest prey = 86% and 70% SL in fish of 8 and >30 mm SL , respectively). Cannibals of increasing size preferred increasingly smaller prey relative to their own size, but also to their predation capacities. These morphological and behavioural constraints were largely compensated for by bioenergetics performance. Cannibals consumed high daily food rations (as high as 171 and 29% DM in fish 300 mg DM , respectively), exhibited high gross conversion efficiencies (0.50–0.55 and about 0.70, in fish 30 mg DM , respectively), and grew rapidly (90 and 18% DM day-1 in fish 300 mg DM , respectively). The growth advantage of cannibals over siblings fed Artemia nauplii was decisive, except for high meal frequencies (6–7 daily meals). This study supports the view that the risk of cannibalism and adequate feeding strategies can be largely predicted in a particular fish species if the morphological, behavioural and bioenergetics bases of cannibalism are examined altogether in an ontogenetic perspective.
Prompting deliberation increases base-rate use

People often base judgments on stereotypes, even when contradictory base-rate information is provided. In a sample of 438 students from two state universities, we tested several hypotheses regarding why people would prefer stereotype information over base-rates when making judgments: A) People believe stereotype information is more diagnostic than base-rate information, B) people find stereotype information more salient than base-rate information, or C) even though people have some intuitive access to base-rate information, they may need to engage in deliberation before they can make full use of it, and often fail to do so. In line with the deliberative failure account, and counter to the diagnosticity account, we found that inducing deliberation by having people evaluate statements supporting the use of base-rates increased the use of base-rate information. Moreover, counter to the salience and diagnosticity accounts, asking people to evaluate statements supporting the use of stereotypes decreased reliance on stereotype information. Additionally, more numerate subjects were more likely to make use of base-rate information.
CPAA_A_202614 57..65

Ashutosh Ojha Utkarsh Ojha Raihan Mohammed Abhinaya Chandrashekar Harsh Ojha 1Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School Of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India; 2Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; 3Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 4Department of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, 422 million adults worldwide live with diabetes mellitus (DM), a significant portion of whom have type 2 diabetes. The discovery of insulin as a key regulator of glucose metabolism has revolutionized our understanding of DM and provided several therapeutic avenues. Most studies have so far predominantly focused on the role of insulin in type 2 diabetes. However, the balance between insulin and glucagon is essential in ensuring glucose homeostasis. In this review, we begin by evaluating the principal differences between insulin and glucagon with regard to their mechanism and control of their secretion. Next, we discuss their mode of action and effects on metabolism. We further explore how the two hormones impact the natural history of type 2 diabetes. Finally, we outline how current and emerging pharmacological agents attempt to exploit the properties of insulin and glucagon to benefit patients with type 2 diabetes.
Comparative characteristics of anatomical and morphological adaptations of plants of two subgenera Haworthia Duval to arid environmental conditions

This paper presents the comparative anatomical and morphological characteristics of plants of two subgenera: Haworthia and Hexangularis. The study revealed two different strategies of adaptation to arid conditions of the growth of different subgenera of the genus Haworthia. Plants of the subgenus Haworthia adapted to arid conditions by increasing the accumulation of water, the presence of “windows”, a smaller stoma size, and a thinner outer wall of the epidermis cells. On the other hand, plants of the subgenus Hexangularis adapted to arid conditions by reducing overheating and transpiration as well as by the presence of papillae and a thickened outer wall of the epidermis cells.
ADI splitting methods for image osmosis models

We consider Alternating Directional Implicit (ADI) splitting schemes to compute efficiently the numerical solution of the PDE osmosis model considered by Weickert et al. in [10] for several imaging applications. The discretised scheme is shown to preserve analogous properties to the continuous model. The dimensional splitting strategy traduces numerically into the solution of simple tridiagonal systems for which matrix factorisation techniques are used to improve upon the performance of classical implicit methods even for large time steps. Applications to shadow removal and inpainting problems are presented.
GREEK MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SPECIAL SECRETARIAT FOR FORESTS

The relationship between chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some rangeland species in northern Greece was examined in the present study. Samples of herbaceous and ligneous browse species were collected during middle of June and early October. Nutritive value of the above species was evaluated based on chemical composition: crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and the in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The herbaceous IVOMD did not significant correlated with any of the cell wall fractions in June. However, a significant negative correlation with NDF and a positive one with CP were found in October. Concerning the browse species IVOMD’s, it was negatively related with NDF, ADF, and ADL, both in June and October. It seems that, cell walls content is a reliable predictor for both summer and autumn in vitro digestibility for browse species but it is not for herbaceous species.
Porous Media in the Simulation of Greenhouse Crops Using the Naïves Bayes EM Algorithm

The porous media approach has become more popular thus, it solves the equations of motion and energy numerically and therefore obtains detailed distributions of temperature and airspeed. However, those models are not allowed to forecast the relationships between the porosity of the volume of the crop with respect to the variables that comprise the climate in natural ventilation greenhouses at the same time in terms of probability. A porous media model of the crop and its approximations were developed and analyzed through non-supervised Bayesian Networks clustering, with the aim of determining the influence of porous media in function to the density crop, over the climate conditions in a natural ventilation greenhouse. Also, a naïve Bayes model unsupervised by the EM algorithm, initialized with random parameters was developed. The resulting model maximized the likelihood of the training data set. The relationships between the pressure drops in the flow limits at the crop were established. Porosity is directly influenced by humidity, temperature and slowly to CO2 concentration. Solar radiation, speed air and slowly the height are inversely influenced with the porosity. Naïve Bayes EM application to a CFD model has been providing a greater understanding of the interactions between the variables.
Effect of Inoculation with Bio-Fertilizer in Different Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yields Components of Safflower under Dry Land Conditions

2 Abstract: In order to study the effect of bio-fertilizer on yield and yields components of safflower under dry land conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completed block design with three replications, Iran in 2008-2009. The factors consisted of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30 and conventional consumption 60 kg/ha) and bio-fertilizer (non-inoculation, Azotobacter and Azosperillum). The results showed that nitrogen rates had significant effects on yield and yields components. Significant Increase nitrogen from zero to 30 kg/ha, but not 30 to 60 kg/ha and no significant differences between 30 and 60 kg/ ha was observed in most studied traits. increase observed in all characters. But between 30 and 60 kg/ha wasn't observe a significant difference and they were in same statistical class in most characters. Treated characters affected by bio-fertilizers. Using bio-fertilizers caused to significant increase in all characters. Using Azotobacter and Azosperillum caused to increasing 35 and 21% in yield and yields components, respectively. Interaction of nitrogen × bio-fertilizer affected on yield and yields components. The highest yield belonged to 30 and 60 kg/ha treatments fallowed by Azotobacter. A significant difference wasn't observe between 30 and 60 kg/ha and both were in a same statistical group. Also oil and protein content of grain wsa significant influencing experimental treatments and their interaction. 30 and 60 kg/ha treatments followed by Azotobacter and Azosperillum fertilizers had highest oil and protein content. But between fertilizer levels 30 and 60 kg/ha wasn't observe a significant difference. Thus, we can getting a suitable yield in safflower by loss 50% nitrogen in compared with 60 kg/ha (conventional consumption). Decreasing nitrogen fertilizer help to reduce environment pollution and developing sustainable agriculture.
Sunscreen Sales, Socio-Economic Factors, and Melanoma Incidence in Northern Europe

In this ecological study, we drew upon recently published melanoma prevalence data, and compared them with historical market data and published socio-economic data to test for an association between historical sunscreen sales (1997-1999) and recent melanoma incidences (2008 and 2012) in 24 countries in Northern Europe. We also explored associations between current melanoma incidences and historical data on the following socio-demographic indicators: income, urbanization, and population aging. Melanoma incidences were higher in high-income countries where sales of sunscreen were also higher. Our results show that, at the population level, income was significantly associated with melanoma incidences, β = 0.0003, t(19) = 3.104, p < . 006, and that increased sunscreen sales has not prevented higher income populations from being at higher risk of melanoma.
Progressive Wealth Taxation

ABSTRACT:This paper discusses the progressive taxation of household wealth. We first discuss what wealth is, how it is distributed, and how much revenue a progressive wealth tax could generate in the United States. We try to reconcile discrepancies across wealth data sources. Second, we discuss the role a wealth tax can play to increase the overall progressivity of the U.S. tax system. Third, we discuss the empirical evidence on wealth tax avoidance and evasion as well as tax enforcement policies. We summarize the key elements needed to make a U.S. wealth tax work in light of the experience of other countries. Fourth, we discuss the real economic effects of wealth taxation on inequality, the capital stock, and economic activity. Fifth, we present a simple tractable model of the taxation of billionaires' wealth that can be applied to the Forbes list of the four hundred richest Americans since 1982 to illustrate the long-run effects of concrete wealth tax proposals on top fortunes.
Predicting the Resolution of Type 2 Diabetes after Bariatric Surgical Procedures: A Concise Review

Bariatric surgery has become an established evidence-based treatment option for diabetes associated with obesity . Numerous studies have demonstrated that bariatric surgery is superior to conventional medical treatment and is effective in achieving resolution of hyperglycaemia or improvement in glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. However, diabetes remission after bariatric surgery does not occur universally in patients and surgical procedures are associated with the risks of complications. It is imperative to identify patients who are likely to gain the best possible metabolic benefit i.e. resolution of diabetes from bariatric surgery . Several clinical and biochemical factors have been studied to predict diabetes remission following bariatric surgery. This article provides a concise review within this area and describes the available scoring systems to predict diabetes remission.
Sulphate contamination, pH and conductivity of forest soils in two neighbouring mountains with different pollution in Slovakia from 1989 to 2013

The Štiavnické vrchy Mts. were strongly affected by pollution mostly from an aluminium plant in 1953–1989. This paper compares contamination of soils between Štiavnické vrchy Mts. and the neighbouring little polluted Kremnické vrchy Mts. from results of a 25-year study. After a decrease of emissions in Slovakia at the beginning of the 1990s the sulphate sulphur content, acidity and conductivity of soil water have decreased only on the surface and at a depth of 0.10 m at the study site in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts. At the depth 0.25 m the increase of sulphurization (23.68 kg/ha S-SO42– per year) and acidity (pH 4.92) was observed. During the research, the total sulphate sulphur influx to this soil depth was 568.3 kg/ha. The average sulphur input in the study areas of the Kremnické vrchy Mts. decreased with depth: from 18.48 kg/ha/year in the surface humus to 6.85 kg/ha/year at a depth of 0.25 m. The maximum sulphur influx at the open plot was 24.06 kg/ha/year and in total 553.34 kg S-SO42–. A small increase of acidity at soil depths of 0.25 m at some sites was observed also in the Kremnické vrchy Mts. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant influence of sulphate sulphur content in the atmospheric precipitation on the sulphur amount in the soil water. A significant correlation was also observed between the precipitation amount and the sulphur content in soil water. Data from monitoring revealed significant differences between the sulphur amounts at depths of 0.10 m and 0.25 m in these study areas.
Skew group algebras, invariants and Weyl Algebras

The aim of this paper is two fold: First to study finite groups $G$ of automorphisms of the homogenized Weyl algebra $B_{n}$, the skew group algebra $B_{n}\ast G$, the ring of invariants $B_{n}^{G}$, and the relations of these algebras with the Weyl algebra $A_{n}$, with the skew group algebra $A_{n}\ast G$, and with the ring of invariants $A_{n}^{G}$. Of particular interest is the case $n=1$. In the on the other hand, we consider the invariant ring $\QTR{sl}{C}[X]^{G}$ of the polynomial ring $K[X]$ in $n$ generators, where $G$ is a finite subgroup of $Gl(n,\QTR{sl}{C}$) such that any element in $G$ different from the identity does not have one as an eigenvalue. We study the relations between the category of finitely generated modules over $\QTR{sl}{C}[X]^{G}$ and the corresponding category over the skew group algebra $\QTR{sl}{C}% [X]\ast G$. We obtain a generalization of known results for $n=2$ and $G$ a finite subgroup of $Sl(2,C)$. In the last part of the paper we extend the results for the polynomial algebra $C[X]$ to the homogenized Weyl algebra $B_{n}$.
Review on Japanese-German-U.S. Cooperation on Laser-Ablation Propulsion

We report on an international cooperation between Nagoya University (NU), Japan and DLR Stuttgart, Germany on scaling issues in laser ablative propulsion. Lessons learned from collaborative work in the laboratory will be summarized with respect to the comparability of experimental methods and corresponding standardization issues. With the background of previous experimental research at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), experimental work with CO2 lasers in a moderate (NU) and high (DLR) pulse energy range on laser ablation of POM is presented. Prolometry results of target surfaces are compared withuence distributions from beam propagation modeling. Ablation fromat targets is reported with respect to energy and area scaling and compared with results from ablative propulsion employing parabolic nozzles.
Which Money is Smart? Mutual Fund Buys and Sells of Individual and Institutional Investors

Gruber (1996) and Zheng (1999) report that investors channel money toward mutual funds that subsequently perform well. Sapp and Tiwari (2004) find that this "smart money" effect no longer holds after controlling for stock return momentum. While prior work uses quarterly U.S. data, we employ a British data set of monthly fund inflows and outflows differentiated between individual and institutional investors. We document a robust smart money effect in the United Kingdom. The effect is caused by buying (but not selling) decisions of both individuals and institutions. Using monthly data available post-1991 we show that money is comparably smart in the United States. Copyright 2008 by The American Finance Association.
(6-Aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonato-? O )bis(3-methylisoquinoline-? N )silver(I)

The title compound, [Ag(C10H8NO3S)(C10H9N)2], has a mononuclear structure in which the Ag+ cation is three-coordinated by two N atoms from two different 3-methyl­isoquinoline mol­ecules and one O atom from a 6-amino­naphthalene-1-sulfonate anion in a distorted trigonal–planar AgN2O arrangement. A network of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds consolidates the structure.
Support systems and coping strategies available to physically challenged students in University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Physical disability of any form usually places the individual at some form of disadvantage in our Nigerian society. However the extent to which a disability affects an individual maybe determined by the coping strategies he/she adopts in activities of daily living and also the institutional support available to him/her. The study sought to find out coping strategies and institutional support systems available to physically challenged undergraduates in University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Ninety-two undergraduates who are physically challenged were used for the study. Questionnaire and focus group discussion were used in data collection. Findings show that roommates, friends and relations were being relied upon by the respondents for their activities of daily living. Also, apart for members of their families, there are insufficient institutional support mechanisms available to them. The study also made recommendations on how to better the lot of undergraduates who are physically challenged.
Fabrication of Poly(Caprolactone) Nanofibers by Electrospinning

Nanofibers at 466 ± 242 nm average diameter were fabricated due to phase separation caused by polarizability difference under static electric field. Fibre morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscopy. An insight into the process of electrospinning of the polymer, poly(caprolactone) was systematically evaluated and discussed the effects of the solution parameter of concentration of the polymer solution and process parameters of voltage, flow rate and drop height to fabricate poly(caprolactone) electrospun fibers with desired morphologies in this manuscript. Of all combinations, the best nanofibres with the fewest beads and finest fibers could be electrospun with a more uniform distribution in with a 15 kV applied voltage of on poly(caprolactone) solution of 12 per cent concentration at a 0.5 ml/h flow rate, from a drop height of 15 cm and the structure of nanofibres was found completely dry and stabilized.
Effects of Competitive Strategies and Strategic Management Accounting Techniques on Perceived Performance of Businesses

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of competitive strategies and strategic management accounting techniques (SMAT) on the perceived qualitative and quantitative performance of medium and large size businesses in Kayseri, Turkey. In the research model, competitive strategies were considered in three-dimensions as cost leadership, differentiation and focusing strategies and SMAT-use was considered in five dimensions as cost, competitor, customer, strategic decision and control-oriented techniques. Data gathered from 229 accounting managers were used to test the hypotheses. Regression analyses revealed low level positive relationships between differentiation strategies and the perceived qualitative-quantitative performance of businesses and similarly low level relationships between the competitor-customer-oriented techniques and qualitative performance of the businesses.
Effects of Instructional Elements in a Cooperative Learning Setting.

The effects of orienting activities and practice on performance and student behaviors in a cooperative learning environment were studied with 80 graduate education majors in an educational psychology course. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used, with orienting activity (advance organizer versus objectives) and type of practice (verbal information versus intellectual skill) as the independent variables. Dependent variables were achievement and student behaviors. Students in the treatment groups (combinations of organizers and practice) received instructional television lessons with workbook activities. Helping and on-task individual and group behaviors were observed. The type of practice had a significant effect on performance, with those receiving skills practice performing better than those receiving information practice. Practice alone did not influence knowledge acquisition, but it was influenced by a combination of practice and orienting activity, with students receiving information practice and objectives outperforming all subjects on the knowledge section of the posttest. Orienting activity and type of practice also influenced student behaviors. Implications for instructional technologists are discussed. (Contains 15