Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The gender pay implications of institutional and organisational wage-setting practices in Banking – a case study of Argentina and Chile

Abstract This research explores the extent to which the interaction among payment systems and institutional arrangements together with internal and external labour market (ELM) dynamics influence gender pay processes and career progress for men and women graduates in the banking sectors of Argentina and Chile. The research follows a qualitative methods approach for the banking sector. The more inclusive Argentinian industrial relations system, reinforced by above-market collective pay agreements in banking and the economic instability of recent years, has restricted inter-firm mobility and generated a more gender-neutral distributional pay effect for graduates. By contrast, the more decentralised and individually-driven Chilean wage-setting system incentivises Chilean graduates to be more reactive to ELM opportunities to improve their wages. However, this greater mobility tends to benefit more men than women graduates because women tend to be more attached to their organisations. They also find their wage bargaining position weakened as a result of gender stereotyping, which reflects employer prejudices constructed in reaction to family support policies that are more generous than those in Argentina. Finally, the research argues that the more inclusive Argentinian industrial relations system limits gender bias in pay by providing more formalisation, centralisation and transparency in pay decisions compared to the more discretionally-driven decisions of the Chilean HRM system.
Randomized trial of mefloquine-doxycycline, and artesunate-doxycycline for treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

One hundred nine adult patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomly selected to receive combinations of either doxycycline plus mefloquine or doxycycline plus artesunate. Fifty-four patients received mefloquine (1,250 mg divided between two doses of 750 and 500 mg six hours apart) with doxycycline and 55 patients received artesunate (300 mg total for 2.5 days; 100 mg followed by 50 mg every 12 hr for 2.5 days) with doxycycline. Doxycycline was administered in doses of 200 mg once a day for seven days. All patients were admitted to the hospital for 28 days to exclude reinfection. Ninety-seven patients completed the study; 12 patients left prior to completion of follow-up for reasons unrelated to their treatment. Cure rates for the two groups were 96% (46 of 48) for mefloquine plus doxycycline and 80% (39 of 49) for artesunate plus doxycycline. Mean fever and parasite clearance times were significantly shorter in the group that received artesunate plus doxycycline (38.7 and 41.3 hr) than mefloquine plus doxycycline (64.3 and 69.0 hr), respectively. In vitro drug sensitivity testing of selected isolates obtained prior to treatment indicated that eight of nine admission isolates were resistant to mefloquine; all isolates were susceptible to artesunate. Recrudescent isolates failed to show a pattern of decreased sensitivity to the drugs to which the parasites had been exposed during treatment; the studies showed decreased sensitivity to doxycycline in only two of eight isolates tested. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hc1‐mediated effects on DNA structure: a potential regulator of chlamydial development

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria which undergo a unique developmental cycle, alternating between non‐replicative elementary bodies (EBs) and replicatlve reticulate bodies (RBs). The transition from RB to EB is characterized by condensation of the chromosome into a dense nucleoid structure. The chlamydial histone homologue Hc1 is sufficient to induce formation of a similar structure in Escherichia coli. High‐level Hc1 expression in E. coli is self‐limiting and down‐regulates transcription, translation, and replication at concentrations similar to those observed in chlamydial elementary bodies. Expression of Hc1 at sub‐structural levels may have specific regulatory functions through its interaction with chromosomal DNA, In E. coli this is reflected in a dramatic shift in the pattern of gene expression. The differential expression of the outer membrane porin proteins OmpC and OmpF and analysis of lacZ fusions with promoter regions sensitive to supercoiling suggests that low‐level Hc1 expression results in a net relaxation of chromosomal DNA. Topological analysis of plasm id DNA from both E. coli and Chlamydia trachomatis supports a decrease in superhelicity preceding nucleoid formation. In vitro analysis of purified Hc1–DNA interactions supports preferential binding based upon DNA conformation. These results suggest a dual role in which Hc1‐mediated changes in gene expression may precede metabolic inactivity.
The Performance Evaluation on the General Procedure for Forecasting Mortality

mortality data for South Korean males during 1983-2010. The GP was recently introduced to construct a stochastic mortality model by including every significant demographic feature in historical mortality data. We assess the GP via a comparison with seven existing stochastic mortality models, testing in-sample fit and out-of-sample prediction for three age groups: 1-79, 11-79, and 60-79. The results suggest that the GP consistently outperforms other models with regard to the Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). This shows that the GP extracts optimal risk factors for the projections of age-specific mortality rates from mortality data. Furthermore, we examine predicted levels of uncertainty in forecasts at different ages and show how the risk can be hedged using q-forwards. This information is useful for pension providers or insurers to hedge future unexpected liabilities. The Performance Evaluation on the General Procedure for Forecasting Mortality*
Distributed Congestion Management of Distribution Grids Under Robust Flexible Buildings Operations

Flexible demand side energy and reserve procurement have the potential to improve the overall operation of the grid. However, as argued in previous studies, this flexibility might cause congestion in distribution grids. In this paper, we improve the conventional distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) method, while integrating congestion free energy and reserve provision from buildings in distribution grids. First, robust day-ahead (DA) DLMPs are calculated to account for unmodeled dynamics of flexible loads. Second, using dual decomposition, the data sharing requirements between the aggregator and the distribution system operator are minimized. Third, a sensitivity-based real-time adjustment method is presented to remove the conservatism of DA robust DLMPs. Case studies are performed on a benchmark distribution system. The numerical results show that the proposed technique efficiently handles load uncertainties and data sharing requirements, improving the practicality of the conventional DMLP method.
PENGARUH RASIO PASAR DAN RASIO PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Return saham merupakan hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan investasi saham. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh signifikan dari price earning ratio , earning per share , net profit margin , dan return on equity terhadap return saham.Sampel penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu perusahaan Jakarta Islamic Index di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2015 yang berjumlah 19 perusahaan.Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling yaitu menggunakan kriteria untuk pengambilan sampel.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu regresi linear berganda data panel dengan menggunakan Eviews dan Stata sebagai pengolahan data.Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa secara parsial price earning ratio dan return on equity mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham, sedangkan earning per share mempunyai pengaruh yang negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap return saham dan net profit margin mempunyai pengaruh yang positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap return saham.
The Effect of Disinfection with Chlorhexidine on the Shear Bond Strength of Equia Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement to Dentin in Permanent Teeth after Two Thermocycling Protocols

Statement of the Problem: There are some concerns regarding the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) applied for cavity disinfection on the bond strength of adhesive restorations to dentin. Purpose: This study sought to assess the effect of CHX on the shear bond strength (SBS) of Equia resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin in permanent teeth. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, the buccal surface of 84 freshly extracted human premolars was ground to expose the flat dentin. The samples were randomly assigned to four groups (n=21). The steps were as following in the group Ia: conditioning, Equia RMGIC, 500 thermal cycles; group Ib: conditioning, Equia RMGIC, 6000 thermal cycles; group IIa: conditioning, CHX, Equia RMGIC, 500 thermal cycles, and group IIb: conditioning, CHX, Equia RMGIC, and 6000 thermal cycles. Twenty samples from each group were subjected to SBS test and one sample was inspected under a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and t-test. Results: The SBS was significantly different among the groups (p= 0.007). The groups subjected to 500 thermal cycles showed significantly higher SBS to dentin when they were treated with CHX (p= 0.000). There was no significant difference between samples thermocycled for 6000 cycles with and without application of CHX (p= 0.269). The SBS in the groups that were thermocycled for 6000 cycles (Ib and IIb) was lower than those thermocycled for 500 cycles (Ia and IIa). This difference between IIa and IIb was statistically significant (p= 0.007). Conclusion: Chlorhexidine can positively affect the short term SBS of Equia RMGIC to dentin.
Essays on social insurance and taxation : Why incentives and institutions matter?

This dissertation starts with an introductory chapter which is followed by four essays. The introductory chapter discusses the theoretical and empirical backgrounds to taxation. There are two general points to this dissertation. First, taxation matters and the design of the tax scheme is to be taken seriously. Second, the point of view of all the papers is of applied science. When applying ealier results to practice, the partial equilibrium framework may not be sufficient, and, at least from time to time, a general equilibrium point of view is necessary. The first essay considers the organization of the pension scheme in Finland. The optimal use and function of the pension funds is debated lively in Finland at least in the popular media. In the first essay, a reform is modelled in which the economy moves from the current mixed pension scheme into either a pay-as-you-go scheme or into a fully funded scheme. It is shown that, given a set of simplying assumptions, a gradual switch to a fully funded pension scheme might be a wise choice. The second essay studies taxation in Finland with the aid of a general equilibrium model. It is shown how the tax revenue curves, the Laffer curves, are modified when a substitute for consumption, home production, is brought into the analysis. It is shown that the Laffer curves exhibit different form when a substitute for consumption is taken into account and, consequently, policy advices are significantly altered. The third essay discusses incentives to work in Finland between 2011 and 2016. Participation tax rates are calculated and an extensive sensitivity analysis is conducted upon the various assumptions made. Furthermore, utilizing the participation tax rate estimates, an employment effect is calculated on a recent reform where the earned-income tax credit was increased considerably. Finally, the fourth essay considers the Finnish unemployment insurance (UI) scheme. In Finland, all employees pay unemployment insurance fee, but approximately nine out of ten are in practice insured in the earnings-related scheme; approximately 10 % of the unemployed are not members of an unemployment insurance fund and therefore receive no earningsrelated UI in the case of unemployment even though they have contributed to the financing of the system. A switch to a universal earnings-related UI scheme is analyzed.
Morphine Can Enhance the Antiallodynic Effect of Intrathecal R-PIA in Rats with Nerve Ligation Injury

Nerve ligation injury may produce a tactile allodynia. Intrathecal adenosine receptor agonists or morphine have an antiallodynic effect. In this study, we examined the effect of intrathecal morphine on the antiallodynic state induced by the adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine R-(−)isomer (R-PIA), in a rat model of nerve ligation injury. Rats were prepared with ligation of left L5–6 spinal nerves and intrathecal catheter implantation. Tactile allodynia was measured by applying von Frey filaments to the lesioned hindpaw. Thresholds for withdrawal response were assessed. Morphine and R-PIA were administered to obtain the dose-response curve and the 50% effective dose (ED50). Fractions of ED50s were administered concurrently to establish the ED50 of the drug combination. The drug interaction was analyzed using the isobolographic method. Intrathecal 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), an A1 receptor antagonist, and naloxone were administered to examine the reversal of the antiallodynic effect. Side effects were also observed. Intrathecal morphine and R-PIA and their combination produced a dose-dependent antagonism without severe side effects. Intrathecal morphine synergistically enhanced the antiallodynic effect of R-PIA when coadministered. Intrathecal naloxone and DPCPX reversed the maximal antiallodynic effect in the combination group. These results suggest that activation of &mgr;-opioid and A1 receptors at the spinal level is required for the synergistic interaction on tactile allodynia.
Protective Factors in Male Adolescents With a History of Sexual and/or Violent Offending

This study aimed to examine the presence and impact of dynamic protective factors for delinquency in male adolescents with a history of sexual and/or violent offending. Bipolar factors (factors with risk and protective factors being the ends of the same continuum) were examined in male adolescents with a history of sexual offenses against younger children (CSOs; n = 341), a history of sexual offenses against peers and/or adult victims (PSOs; n = 207), and a history of nonsexual violent offenses (VOs; n = 1,356). We conducted secondary analyses on data collected with the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment and on general recidivism data. ANOVA, correlations, Fisher’s z tests, and logistic regression analyses were applied. Results showed that, in VOs, the number of risk factors was greater than the number of protective factors, whereas in PSOs, and especially CSOs, the number of protective factors was greater than the number of risk factors. Protective factors appeared to be especially important for juveniles with a history of sexual offenses for two reasons. First, the impact of most protective factors on recidivism was larger among juveniles with a history of sexual offenses than among those with a history of violent offenses. Second, protective factors added to the predictive accuracy over and above risk factors in juveniles with a history of sexual offenses, but not in those with a history of violent offenses.
Why Physicians Are Unprepared to Treat Patients Who Have Alcohol‐ and Drug‐related Disorders

Most primary care physicians do not feel competent to treat alcohol- and drug-related disorders. Physicians generally do not like to work with patients with these disorders and do not find treating them rewarding. Despite large numbers of such patients, the diagnosis and treatment of alcohol- and drug-related disorders are generally considered peripheral to or outside medical matters and ultimately outside medical education. There is substantial evidence that physicians fail even to identify a large percentage of patients with these disorders. Essential role models are lacking for future physicians to develop the attitudes and training they need to adequately approach addiction as a treatable medical illness. Faculty development programs in addictive disorders are needed to overcome the stigma, poor attitudes, and deficient skills among physicians who provide education and leadership for medical students and residents. The lack of parity with other medical disorders gives reimbursement and education for addiction disorders low priority. Medical students and physicians can also be consumers and patients with addiction problems. Their attitudes and abilities to learn about alcohol- and drug-related disorders are impaired without interventions. Curricula lack sufficient instruction and experiences in addiction medicine throughout all years of medical education. Programs that have successfully changed students' attitudes and skills for treatment of addicted patients continue to be exceptional and limited in focus rather than the general practice in U.S. medical schools. The authors review the findings of the literature on these problems, discuss the barriers to educational reform, and propose recommendations for developing an effective medical school curriculum about alcohol- and drug-related disorders.
Effective molecular RHD typing strategy for blood donations

BACKGROUND: More than 50 weak D alleles and numerous partial D alleles have been described to date that can be identified by molecular methods as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the RHD gene. A real time–based RHD typing scheme was developed and tested during an 8‐month period.
Localization, specific activity, and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in developmental stages of the cestode Mesocestoides corti

The nervous system of flatworms is quite simple although there is increasing evidence indicating that it is chemically complex. Studies of the nervous system in these animals have only been performed in the larval stage or in the adult worms, which are easy to obtain in nature, while the description of the nervous system in developing stages of these organisms is missing. Mesocestoides corti is a parasitic platyhelminth whose larvae can be induced in vitro to develop to adult, sexually mature worms, opening the possibility of studying the nervous system of a flatworm in different stages of development. Here, we describe the presence, activity, location, and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different stages of development of M. corti, from the larvae to adult forms of this endoparasite, obtained in in vitro cultures after induction of the larval stage with trypsin. Our results point to AChE as a molecular marker of the nervous system in platyhelminthes. The change in molecular forms of this enzyme and the increase in its activity during development from larvae to adult worm may reflect the presence of a more complex nervous system, necessary to adjust and coordinate the movement of a much bigger structure. A relationship between the development of the reproductive apparatus in segmented and adult worms with a more complex nervous system in these stages is also apparent. Finally, our study opens the possibility of applying anti‐AChE as more effective therapeutic strategies against cestode parasites. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 503–509, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of collateral circulation on left ventricular systolic function

BackgroundConflicting reports exist on the influence of coronary collateral circulation on preservation of left ventricular systolic function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of coronary collateral circulation on left ventricular systolic function in coronary artery disease. MethodsSeventy-one consecutive patients having left anterior descending arteries with proximal or near-proximal stenosis of at least 95% (excluding 100%) were included in the study. The coronary collateral circulation to left anterior descending artery was evaluated with regard to its effects on left ventricular systolic function. ResultsAmong the 71 patients, 46 patients were found to have a coronary collateral circulation grade of ≥1 (group 1), whereas the remaining 25 patients had coronary collateral circulation grade of 0 (group 2). The mean value of left ventricular function score in group 1 was higher than that of group 2 (3.69±2.34 vs. 2.00±1.55, P=0.002), whereas the mean value of left ventricular ejection fraction in group 1 was lower than that of group 2 (44.67±12.05 vs. 54.32±10.22, P=0.001). The value of coronary collateral circulation grade was found to be positively correlated with the value of left ventricular function score (P=0.01, r=0.3), and negatively correlated with the value of left ventricular ejection fraction (P=0.01, r=−0.3). ConclusionCoronary collateral circulation to the severely stenotic left anterior descending artery was not found to have an improving effect on left ventricular systolic function. In contrast with the previous studies demonstrating the coronary collateral circulation-associated preservation of left ventricular systolic function, presence of coronary collateral circulation was found to accompany or be associated with impairment of left ventricular systolic function. The grade of coronary collateral circulation was also found to be positively correlated with the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Further research on larger patient populations based on a long-term follow-up is warranted to investigate this issue.
Relationships between nurse-expressed empathy, patient-perceived empathy and patient distress.

It is increasingly important that nursing care be associated with measurable patient outcomes. A correlational study examined relationships between nurse-expressed empathy and two patient outcomes: patient perceived empathy and patient distress. Subjects (N = 140) were randomly selected from RNs and patients on medical and surgical units in two urban, acute care hospitals. Nurse-subjects (N = 70) completed two measures of nurse-expressed empathy: the Behavioral Test of Interpersonal Skills and the Staff-Patient Interaction Response Scale. Patient-subjects (N = 70) completed the Profile of Mood States, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. Findings indicated a negative relationship (r = .71, p < .001) between a set of empathy variables and a set of patient distress variables and a positive relationship between nurse-expressed and patient perceived empathy (r = .37-.47, p < .05). This study is one of the first to link behavioral measures of nurse empathy to patient outcomes.
Monoclonal B lymphocytosis in the general population

Monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL) is a frequent phenomenon in the general population. Despite a phenotype similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the possibility exists that most cases are not necessarily a pre-leukemic condition. This is suggested by the fact that MBL is at least 100 times more frequent than CLL and the diagnosis of CLL is not an inevitable fate, even among MBL cases with lymphocytosis, where it occurs only in 1.1% of the cases per year. The high incidence of MBL, if coupled with the possibility of evolution into a frank leukemic state, poses evident clinical and health system concerns. MBL in the general population usually accounts for a very low number of all circulating B-cells, being <10% of all B lymphocytes. This creates the need for a better characterisation of MBL at molecular level, aiming to identify biological features that may define which cases are more likely to progress towards clinically overt CLL. This approach should also help to avoid unnecessary and prolonged follow-ups in all individuals carrying MBL, excluding those who are extremely unlikely to develop CLL.