Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orbitally tuned timescale and astronomical forcing in the middle Eocene to early Oligocene

Abstract. Deciphering the driving mechanisms of Earth system processes, including the climate dynamics expressed as paleoceanographic events, requires a complete, continuous, and high-resolution stratigraphy that is very accurately dated. In this study, a robust astronomically calibrated age model was constructed for the middle Eocene to early Oligocene interval (31–43 Ma) in order to permit more detailed study of the exceptional climatic events that occurred during this time, including the middle Eocene climate optimum and the Eocene–Oligocene transition. A goal of this effort is to accurately date the middle Eocene to early Oligocene composite section cored during the Pacific Equatorial Age Transect (PEAT, IODP Exp. 320/321). The stratigraphic framework for the new timescale is based on the identification of the stable long eccentricity cycle in published and new high-resolution records encompassing bulk and benthic stable isotope, calibrated XRF core scanning, and magnetostratigraphic data from ODP Sites 171B-1052, 189-1172, 199-1218, and 207-1260 as well as IODP Sites 320-U1333, and 320-U1334 spanning magnetic polarity Chrons C12n to C20n. Subsequently orbital tuning of the records to the La2011 orbital solution was conducted. The resulting new timescale revises and refines the existing orbitally tuned age model and the geomagnetic polarity timescale from 31 to 43 Ma. The newly defined absolute age for the Eocene–Oligocene boundary validates the astronomical tuned age of 33.89 Ma identified at the Massignano, Italy, global stratotype section and point. The compilation of geochemical records of climate-controlled variability in sedimentation through the middle-to-late Eocene and early Oligocene demonstrates strong power in the eccentricity band that is readily tuned to the latest astronomical solution. Obliquity driven cyclicity is only apparent during 2.4 myr eccentricity cycle minima around 35.5, 38.3, and 40.1 Ma.
Economic Consequences of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption: Evidence from a Developing Country

Drawing on extant literature in accounting and financial economics, this study sought to analyze the economic consequences of the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by Nigeria through an examination of the major obstacles, benefits and attitudes towards its adoption. As an exploratory study, we drew a sample from the population of Nigerian academics and practitioners who are familiar with the phenomenon of interest. We examined three research questions on the perceptions of Nigerian academics and practitioners about IFRS adoption in Nigeria. The hypotheses were tested using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) and Chi-square tests. Our findings identified (i) lack of education, understanding and experience by preparers of financial reports with the use of IFRS; and (ii) lack of coverage of IFRS in financial accounting/auditing textbooks as the major obstacles towards its adoption in Nigeria. The results further revealed that: (1) effective IFRS adoption would be valuable to preparers, users, auditors, analysts, and standard setters; and (2) a proper plan to convert all Nigerian companies to IFRS would require training for management, auditors, and investors, along with the pipeline incorporation of IFRS education into accounting curriculum. The policy implication of the study’s findings is the urgent need to integrate IFRS into the accounting curriculum in Nigeria’s higher education system. It also calls for financial regulators and professional accountancy bodies to update their IFRS knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence. Keywords : Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Economic Consequences, Developing Country, Politics, Lobbying, Nigeria.
On properties of semipreinvex functions

In this paper, we first discuss some basic properties of semipreinvex functions. We then show that the ratio of semipreinvex functions is semipreinvex, which extends earlier results by Khan and Hanson [6] and Craven and Mond [3]. Finally, saddle point optimality criteria are developed for a multiobjective fractional programming problem under semipreinvexity conditions.
Particulate nutrient fluxes over a fringing coral reef: Source‐sink dynamics inferred from carbon to nitrogen ratios and stable isotopes

We examined spatial and temporal variations in particulate organic matter (POM) dynamics over a fringing coral reef (Ningaloo Reef) in Western Australia during the austral autumn and spring. Total POM concentrations generally did not differ between seasons or reef zones, but the composition of POM, in terms of carbon isotope ratios (δ13C‐POM), carbon to nitrogen ratios (C : N), and fatty acids, changed consistently in water flowing across the reef. Both δ13C‐POM and C : N increased from the fore reef to the reef flat and lagoon, −23.0‰ to −20.1‰ and 7.31 to 8.34, respectively. Average rates of net POM uptake by the reef community were highest over the reef crest (4 to 30 mmol N m−2 d−1 and 6 to 130 mmol C m−2 d−1), with a Bayesian isotope model confirming independent measurements of high uptake rates of allochthonous POM (oceanic phyto‐ and zooplankton). In contrast, over the reef flat, net release of POM was observed (−4 to −5 mmol N m−2 d−1 and −50 mmol C m−2 d−1), with gross release rates (estimated as −6 to −8 mmol N m−2 d−1 and −30 to −90 mmol C m−2 d−1) indicating that the release of autochthonous POM may be of similar magnitude to allochthonous uptake. Examining POM dynamics in terms of gross fluxes reinforces the dependence of coral reef systems on oceanographic processes for allochthonous POM supply, as well as highlighting the potential for autochthonous POM production to supply nutrients to benthic and pelagic communities downstream.
Intra-SADC Foreign Direct Investment: A Gravity Approach to South Africa Outward Investment

This paper looks at intra-SADC FDI, focusing at South Africa outward FDI into SADC countries. LSDV and GMM estimation techniques are applied in a gravity model for the period 1999 to 2010. The study finds strong evidence that intra-trade and intra-FDI are negatively related, suggestive of a substitutive relationship between intra-SADC trade and intra-SADC FDI. The study also reveals that capital account openness, bilateral investment treaties, and labour availability are key in promoting intra-SADC FDI flows. Further, the study finds evidence that agglomeration effects are important for South African investors into SADC despite the fact that they are operating in a common region. The study also finds that FDI from developed countries complement with FDI from South Africa.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTING ON PEATLAND BURN SEVERITY

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMNETS vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 Smouldering dynamics and peat burn severity 11 1.2 The Western Boreal Plain and hydrologic response areas 16 1.3 Thesis objectives and structure 19 1.4 References 21 1.5 Figures 29 CHAPTER 2: PEAT BURN SEVERITY: INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTING 31 2.
Policy stringency and (eco)-innovation performance: a cross country analysis

Policymakers have an important role in enabling eco-innovation. To assess the effectivity of these interventions, it is necessary to characterize policies, namely the level of policy stringency. The present study contributes to extant empirical literature by performing a cross-country assessment of the impact of policy stringency on the outcomes (rather than the inputs) of the eco-innovation process. Contrasting with extant evidence, results fail to evidence the relevance of policy stringency for eco-innovation performance. Notwithstanding, policy stringency emerged indirectly as a potential critical determinant. Indeed, the possibility to save costs is often driven by policy instruments that punish pollution intensive firms.
The effectiveness of self-control and communication skills on emotional regulation , perceived pain severity and self-care behaviors in diabetic neuropathy *

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self-control training and communication skills on emotional regulation, perceived pain severity and self-care behaviors in diabetic patients with neuropathy. Materials and Methods: The research sample of this clinical trial consisted of 30 cases (15 in experimental and 15 in control group) who had diabetic neuropathy and referred to the health center of Mashhad, Shahid Ghodsi Health Center. The instruments used in this study included the Graces Emotion Disorders (DERS), McQueen Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), self-care behaviors questionnaire for Tubert and Glasgow's diabetic patients. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (covariance analysis) and SPSS software. Results: Based on the findings, self-control training and communication skills are effective significantly on emotional regulation, perceived pain severity and self-care behaviors in diabetic patients with neuropathy (P<0.000). Conclusion: Self-control training and communication skills can be used in combination with medical treatment and psychological therapy to increase improvement in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
‘Pseudobreccias’ revealed as calcrete mottling and bioturbation in the Late Dinantian of the southern Lake District, UK

Two types of ‘pseudobreccia’, one with grey and the other with brown mottle fabrics, occur in shoaling‐upward cycles of the Urswick Limestone Formation of Asbian (Late Dinantian, Carboniferous) age in the southern Lake District, UK. The grey mottle pseudobreccia occurs in cycle‐base packstones and developed after backfilling and abandonment of Thalassinoides burrow systems. Burrow infills consist of a fine to coarse crystalline microspar that has dull brown to moderate orange colours under cathodoluminescence. Mottling formed when an early diagenetic ‘aerobic decay clock’ operating on buried organic material was stopped, and sediment entered the sulphate reduction zone. This probably occurred during progradation of grainstone shoal facies, after which there was initial exposure to meteoric water. Microspar calcites then formed rapidly as a result of aragonite stabilization. The precipitation of the main meteoric cements and aragonite bioclast dissolution post‐date this stabilisation event. The brown mottle pseudobreccia fabrics are intimately associated with rhizocretions and calcrete, which developed beneath palaeokarstic surfaces capping cycle‐top grainstones and post‐date all depositional fabrics, although they may also follow primary depositional heterogeneities such as burrows. They consist of coarse, inclusion‐rich, microspar calcites that are always very dull to non‐luminescent under cathodoluminescence, sometimes with some thin bright zones. These are interpreted as capillary rise and pedogenic calcrete precipitates. The δ18O values (−5‰ to −8‰, PDB) and the δ13C values (+2‰ to −3‰, PDB) of the ‘pseudobreccias’ are lower than the estimated δ18O values (−3‰ to −1‰ PDB) and δ13C values of (+2‰ to +4‰ PDB) of normal marine calcite precipitated from Late Dinantian sea water, reflecting the influence of meteoric waters and the input of organic carbon.
Effective dark energy from decoherence

Within the quantum Darwinist framework introduced by W. H. Zurek ({\em Nat. Phys.}, 5:181-188, 2009), observers obtain pointer-state information about quantum systems by interacting with a local sample of the surrounding environment, e.g. a local sample of the ambient photon field. Because the environment encodes such pointer state information uniformly and hence redundantly throughout its entire volume, the information is equally available to all observers regardless of their location. This framework is applied to the observation of stellar center-of-mass positions, which are assumed to be encoded by the ambient photon field in a way that is uniformly accessible to all possible observers. Assuming Landauer's Principle, constructing such environmental encodings requires $(ln2) kT$ per encoded bit. For the observed 10$^{24}$ stars and a uniform binary encoding of center-of-mass positions into voxels with a linear dimension of 5 km, the free energy required at the current CMB temperature T = 2.7 K is $\sim$ 2.5 $\cdot$ 10$^{-27}$ kg $\cdot$ m$^{-3}$, strikingly close to the observed value of $\Omega_{\Lambda} \rho_{c}$. Decreasing the voxel size to $(l_{P})^{3}$ results in a free energy requirement 10$^{117}$ times larger.
Distribution and Conservation Status of Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in Nangkholyang VDC, Taplejung, Eastern Nepal

Chinese Pangolins are least studied burrowing mammals. There is great role of this species in nature to maintain ecological balance. Due to illegal trade and habitat destruction, Chinese Pangolins are in great risk of extinction although being protected by national as well as international laws. This research was carried out to find out the distribution, habitat utilization, social belief and conservation status of Chinese Pangolins in Nangkholyang VDC of Taplejung district, Eastern Nepal. This study was done with direct field observation followed by direct observation along the tracks and random search, group discussion, key informant survey and questionnaire survey. This study showed the presence of indirect signs of Chinese Pangolins such as 211 burrows (including 16 new and 195 old), scats, foot prints and trace of tail in Nangkholyang VDC, Taplejung. The distribution of Pangolins was found in all wards (political unit of village) with highest number of burrows in southwest aspect and least in north. The burrows were found in the elevation from 1126 m to 2406 m. The habitat utilized by Chinese Pangolins was found to be forest and agricultural land. In the forest, the maximum numbers of burrows were located at the crown cover of 0-25%. Pangolins were taken as the sign of bad luck but due to profit motive people were hunting this mammal. The Conservation status of Pangolins in the study area was found to be worse. Hunting for illegal trade was the major threat and the current price of Pangolin scales in village level was found to be Rs. 26,000 per kg.
First records of the bat bug Cacodmus vicinus (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) from Europe and further data on its distribution

First records of the bat bug Cacodmus vicinus from Europe and further data on its distribution in Asia and Africa are presented. The records from Cyprus and Syria represent an undoubtedly new evidence of the species in the respective countries. Furthermore, besides the implied presence of Cimex lectularius on humans, this is also the first record of the family in Spain. Cacodmus vicinus appears to be a host-specific parasite associated with Pipistrellus kuhlii and, therefore, its distribution fits inside the range of distribution of the bat host. Together with a record from Jordan, at least one of the collections from Spain represent the only records from another bat host species, Pipistrellus pipistrellus s.l. We confirmed the species determination using the barcoding fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I. The molecular data suggested population structuring due to geographic distances.
Application of the Empirical Bayes Method with the Finite Mixture Model for Identifying Accident-Prone Spots

Hotspot identification (HSID) is an important component of the highway safety management process. A number of methods have been proposed to identify hotspots. Among these methods, previous studies have indicated that the empirical Bayes (EB) method can outperform other methods for identifying hotspots, since the EB method combines the historical crash records of the site and expected number of crashes obtained from a safety performance function (SPF) for similar sites. However, the SPFs are usually developed based on a large number of sites, which may contain heterogeneity in traffic characteristic. As a result, the hotspot identification accuracy of EB methods can possibly be affected by SPFs, when heterogeneity is present in crash data. Thus, it is necessary to consider the heterogeneity and homogeneity of roadway segments when using EB methods. To address this problem, this paper proposed three different classification-based EB methods to identify hotspots. Rural highway crash data collected in Texas were analyzed and classified into different groups using the proposed methods. Based on the modeling results for Texas crash dataset, it is found that one proposed classification-based EB method performs better than the standard EB method as well as other HSID methods.
Sources of Implicit Attitudes

Response latency measures have yielded an explosion of interest in implicit attitudes. Less forthcoming have been theoretical explanations for why they often differ from explicit (self-reported) attitudes. Theorized differences in the sources of implicit and explicit attitudes are discussed, and evidence consistent with each theory is presented. The hypothesized causal influences on attitudes include early (even preverbal) experiences, affective experiences, cultural biases, and cognitive consistency principles. Each may influence implicit attitudes more than explicit attitudes, underscoring their conceptual distinction.
Effect of occupational activity on ambulatory blood pressure profile in university teachers

Hypertension (HBP), a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is strongly associated with behavioral and environmental aspects of living. Professional activities, amongst others that take place throughout the day, are responsible for important blood pressure (BP) variations and may increase it. This study aims at ascertaining the blood pressure profile and variation in teachers, during a typical teaching session. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) was performed in a cohort of 21 university teachers during a typical professional day, comprising the following periods: 24-hour period, day period, night period, morning period, 2 hours before class, during class, 2 hours after class, aerobic exercise period and 1 hour after exercise period. Teachers demonstrated higher BP ? during the occupational activities (137.71 / 88.57 mmHg) compared to the period before (128.81 / 82.43 mmHg) and after the class (132.38 / 85.19 mmHg) (p <0.05). It was found that systolic BP has the greatest variability across the considered activities and time periods. In a gender analysis, men had higher systolic BP ? compared to women (141.55 mmHg / 133.50 mmHg, respectively), and demonstrated greater variability across activities. The results clearly demonstrated the existence of important variations in BP due to different daily activities. The occupational period produced a significant increase in the different components of BP and heart rate. Long-term effects of repeated exposure to this increase in BP related with the occupational contexts remains to be demonstrated
Structural and magnetic properties of isovalently substituted multiferroic BiFeO3: Insights from Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectra, supplemented by powder x-ray diffraction and magnetization data of isovalently A- and B-site substituted BiFeO3 in the Bi1−xLaxFeO3 (0≤x≤1), Bi1−xTbxFeO3 (0≤x≤0.2), and Bi0.9Sm0.1Fe1−xMnxO3 (0≤x≤0.3) series, are presented. A good agreement between the structural transitions observed by x-ray diffraction and the vibrational modes observed in the Raman spectra is found over the whole substitutional ranges, and in particular we find spectroscopic signatures of a PbZrO3-type structure for Bi0.8La0.2FeO3. Mode assignments in the substituted materials are made based on Raman spectra of the end-members BiFeO3 and LaFeO3. Moreover, by comparing spectra from all samples with R3c structure, the phonon assignment in BiFeO3 is revisited. A close connection between the degree of octahedral tilt and the Raman shift of the A1 oxygen a−a−a− tilt mode is established. An explanation for the strong second-order scattering observed in Bi1−xLaxFeO3 and Bi1−xTbxFeO3 is suggested, including the assignment of the previously mysterious BiFeO3 mode at 620 cm−1. Finally, the magnetization data indicates a transition from a cycloidal modulated state towards a canted antiferromagnet with increasing A-site substitution, while Bi0.9Sm0.1Fe1−xMnxO3 with x=0 and 0.15 exhibit an anomalous closing of the hysteresis loop at low temperatures. For low A-site substitution levels (x≤0.1) the decreasing Raman intensity of the Fe derived modes correlates with the partial destruction of the spin cycloid as the substitution level increases.
Massed/Distributed Sentence Writing: Post Tasks of Noticing Activity

The purpose of the study was to activate the passive lexical knowledge through noticing and to investigate the effect of sentence writing as the post task of noticing activity on strengthening the effect of noticing. Forty-two Iranian female adult upper-intermediate English students of a state university in 2 homogenous groups participated in noticing the lexical items whose production were not as easy as their comprehension through highlighting them in a reading passage. Then, the participants were involved in a four-week process of massed/distributed sentence writing; every week the participants of one group wrote one sentencewith one of the 16 noticed wordseach day during 4 consequent days, and the other group experienced this process once a week in which they wrote 4 sentences with the 4 noticed words without time interval. As the results indicated, presenting the post task was significantly effective in promoting the productive lexical knowledge of both groups. The interaction between the time factor and the methods of learning was significant. Also, the distributed group outperformed the massed group, but not significantly.
The Vertical Structure of Large-Scale Unsteady Currents

AbstractA linear model based on the quasigeostrophic equations is constructed in order to predict the vertical structure of Rossby waves and, more broadly, of anomalies resolved by altimeter data, roughly with periods longer than 20 days and with wavelengths larger than 100 km. The subsurface field is reconstructed from sea surface height and climatological stratification. The solution is calculated in periodic rectangular regions with a 3D discrete Fourier transform. The effect of the mean flow on Rossby waves is neglected, which the authors believe is a reasonable approximation for low latitudes. The method used has been tested with an idealized double-gyre simulation [performed with the Miami Isopycnal Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM)]. The linear model is able to give reasonable predictions of subsurface currents at low latitudes (below approximately 30°) and for relatively weak mean flow. However, the predictions degrade with stronger mean flows and higher latitudes. The subsurface velocities calculate.
Influences of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Light Intensity on the Foraging Activity of Field Populations of the Longlegged Ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

This studywas carried out to determine the relationship between the foraging activity offield populations ofthe longlegged ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (Fr. Smith) and environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and light intensity. Results revealed that foraging activity ofA. gracilipes was weakly, but significantly (P 0.05) affect their foraging activity. The ants foraged most intensively between the temperatures of 26°C and 30°C with the peak foraging activity at 1000h (10:00 AM).