Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Test of the DSP Sexing Method on CT Images from a Modern French Sample

The hip bone is considered to be one of the most reliable indicators in sex determination. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of the DSP method for the hip bone proposed by Murail et al. (Bull Mem Soc Anthropol Paris, 17, 2005, 167) on a sample from a present‐day population in France (52 males and 54 females). Ten linear measurements were collected from three‐dimensional models derived from computed tomography images (CTI). To quantify the proportions of correct sex determinations, a more rigorous posterior probability threshold of 0.95 was applied. Using all 10 measurements, 92.3% of males and 97.2% of females were sexed correctly. The percentage of undetermined specimens varied depending on the used combination of measurements; however, all sexes were assigned with a 100% accuracy. This study proves that DSP is an appropriate and reliable tool for sex determination, based on dimensions obtained from CTI.
Physical Activity and Health in Women

Medical authorities advise US adults to perform a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity on most days of the week to improve health and reduce risk for many chronic conditions. New findings from epidemiologic studies suggest that physical activity not only reduces the risk of developing coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes but also may prevent certain cancers (including colon and breast cancer), osteoporotic fracture, falls, cognitive decline, mood disturbances, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Physical activity is important for regulating body weight, but many cardiometabolic benefits of exercise are independent of such regulation. This article reviews recent epidemiologic evidence on physical activity with respect to a variety of health outcomes in women and concludes with guidance for clinicians seeking to boost activity levels in sedentary patients. However, additional research is needed on features of individual- and community-based interventions and policies that successfully promote healthful levels of physical activity.
Development of Multiple Assays using 46 SNPs for Comprehensive mtDNA Haplogrouping and Application to Highly Degraded DNA

Six multiplex PCR systems using single‐base extension reactions to analyze 46 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define 42 haplogroups, that is, 24 major mtDNA haplogroups and 18 subclades, were devised. To improve the usefulness of the established systems for the analysis of degraded DNA samples, novel primers to render amplicons with sizes <150 bp were designed. By applying these systems to 214 Japanese individuals, 24 different haplogroups (power of discrimination = 93.4%) were found. To assess the effectiveness of our systems in grouping degraded DNA, an ancient bone sample of a Jomon skeleton was analyzed and then classified as haplogroup N9b. We conclude that the present systems are powerful screening tools for major haplogroups of mtDNA in addition to the prevalent subhaplogroups in the Japanese population and that these systems are capable of analyzing highly degraded DNA samples in forensic studies.
The American College of Radiology's BI‐RADS 3 Classification in a Nationwide Screening Program: Current Assessment and Comparison with Earlier Use

Abstract: The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System allows radiologists to classify lesions as “probably benign—short interval follow‐up suggested” (category 3). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the recent use of the category 3 designation in a national cancer detection program. We analyzed data from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, a nationwide collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and local health agencies that provides cancer screening for low‐income, uninsured women. The study population included all women at least 40 years old who had mammograms in the program through September 1999 (n = 826,424). Of the 826,424 mammograms, the percentage classified as category 3 in the initial phase (1991–1996, previously reported, n = 372,760) was 7.7%; of the most recent 453,664 mammograms (1996–1999), 6.0% were given this designation. During the same periods, the percentage of abnormal mammograms decreased from 2.6% to 2.1% and those needing “additional imaging” (category 0) increased from 5.0% to 6.9%. The percentage receiving a category 3, category 0, or abnormal designation decreased with increasing age for each classification. The percentage of category 3 mammograms varied by site from 1.1% to 12.2%. Overall the proportions of category 3 mammograms decreased over time, while requests for additional examinations increased. This suggests that patients were more likely than before to receive additional examinations prior to their final designation. The persistent wide variability in category 3 indicates further education and attention to the use of this category is warranted.
Measuring malnutrition -- the role of Z scores and the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF).

Background : The current WHO recommendation is to use the Z-Score or SD system to grade undernutrition which allows us to measure all the three indices and express the results in terms of Z scores or standard deviation units from the median of the international reference population. Objectives : To estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among under-five children in Coimbatore slums, using the Z-Score system of classification and the recently constructed Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). 2. To compare the Z-Score system with the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) classification of undernutrition. Methods : Nutritional assessment was done using anthropometry and clinical examination. Children were weighed and measured as per the WHO guidelines on Anthropometry. Epi-Info 2002 software package was used to calculate the Z scores and for statistical analysis. Results : Only 31.4% of the children studied were normal; 68.6% were in a state of Anthropometric Failure. As per the Z score system, 49.6% were underweight (21.7% severely); 48.4% were stunted (20.3% severely) and 20.2% were wasted (6.9% severely). Whereas, as per IAP criteria, 51.4% were undernourished and 3.2% were severely undernourished. Using Underweight (low weight-for-age) as the only criterion for identifying undernourished children (as done in the Integrated Child Development Services currently) may underestimate the true prevalence of undernutrition, by as much as 21.9%. Conclusions : More widespread use of the Z-Score system is recommended for identifying all the facets of undernutrition. Estimates of the true prevalence of undernutrition must incorporate a composite index of anthropometric failure.
An Android Communication App Forensic Taxonomy

Due to the popularity of Android devices and applications (apps), Android forensics is one of the most studied topics within mobile forensics. Communication apps, such as instant messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP), are one popular app category used by mobile device users, including criminals. Therefore, a taxonomy outlining artifacts of forensic interest involving the use of Android communication apps will facilitate the timely collection and analysis of evidentiary materials from such apps. In this paper, 30 popular Android communication apps were examined, where a logical extraction of the Android phone images was collected using XRY, a widely used mobile forensic tool. Various information of forensic interest, such as contact lists and chronology of messages, was recovered. Based on the findings, a two‐dimensional taxonomy of the forensic artifacts of the communication apps is proposed, with the app categories in one dimension and the classes of artifacts in the other dimension. Finally, the artifacts identified in the study of the 30 communication apps are summarized using the taxonomy. It is expected that the proposed taxonomy and the forensic findings in this paper will assist forensic investigations involving Android communication apps.
Sorption of phenol by selected biopolymers: isotherms, energetics, and polarity.

The behavior of phenol in the terrestrial environment is strongly regulated by its reaction with soil components. We report here on the uptake of phenol by soil minerals (goethite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) and by organics that may occur naturally in or be added to soil (two lignins, chitin, cellulose, collagen, and activated carbon). Our objectives were to determine the energetics and capacity for their uptake of phenol using batch equilibration, calorimetry, and CPMAS 13 C NMR and to evaluate the relation of organic carbon referenced sorption coefficient (K oc ) with the polarity of biopolymers. The biopolymers sorbed 2-45-fold more phenol than did the minerals
Effect of therapeutic ultrasound and diathermy on oxidant–antioxidant balance in dogs suffering from hind quarter weakness

The present study was conducted to evaluate the erythrocytic oxidant–antioxidant balance in dogs suffering from hind quarter weakness (HQW) and treated with conventional drug therapy (CDT, n=8) alone and in combination with therapeutic ultrasound (US, n=8) and shortwave diathermy (SWD, n=8). A further eight healthy dogs were used as controls. For oxidant level, Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant levels Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were evaluated in erythrocyte before (day 0) and after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of therapy. In dogs with HQW, LPO in terms of Malondialdehyde (MDA) production, was found significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to a healthy control on day 0. Thereafter, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the level of LPO was noticed. Amongst antioxidant enzymes, activities of GSH and CAT decreased significantly (P<0.05) whereas, the level of SOD increased significantly (P<0.05) until day 28 post treatment. Studies revealed that SWD and therapeutic ultrasound in conjunction with CDT can be used to counter free radical-mediated oxidative cell injury, induced by HQW in dogs. However, SWD proved to be better in minimizing excess free radicals production and activating antioxidant defense system as compared to therapeutic ultrasound.
Characteristics and Frequency of Chipping Effects in Near‐Contact Gunshot Wounds

The presence of “chipping” or “flaking” around the edges of gunshot entry wounds has been described among the characteristics of gunshot wounds in bone. In this study, the real frequency of such a peculiar feature was investigated. The presence of “chipping” was assessed on 22 gunshot wounds fired at a near‐contact range on bovine ribs with 9‐mm bullets. As controls, five samples were shot with a 3 cm range, and five from 40 cm. In 77% of cases shot at near‐contact range, a detachment of small fragments of the upper layers of bone was detected, mainly with a circumferential disposition, whereas this feature was lacking in control samples. The study demonstrated the frequency of “chipping” and that it may probably be due to a combined ballistic effect of impact of the bullet itself and expansion of gases. It may be thus considered indicative of close‐range shots.
Profile of Hospital Admissions due to Self‐Inflicted Harm in Los Angeles County from 2001 to 2010

We aimed to describe the demographic profile of self‐inflicted harm (SIH) in Los Angeles County between 2001 and 2010 and to investigate trends over this 10‐year period. We used the California Hospital Discharge Data to investigate all cases of hospital admission due to SIH, including suicide attempts and if they had a concurrent psychiatric diagnosis based on ICD‐9 codes. African‐Americans (AA) had the highest 10‐year SIH admission rates. SIH admission rates remained steady throughout the 10‐year study period. Median age of SIH was significantly lower in Latinos. Episodic mood disorders were the most common psychiatric comorbidity. The use of solid/liquid poisoning was the most common SIH method among all racial/ethnic groups. We found major disparities in SIH admissions across racial/ethnic subgroups. The importance of programs to identify, prevent, and treat SIH in these groups is discussed.
Residential area, physical education, and the health of school aged children

Explores the relationships between the perceived quality of physical education lessons, the perceived quality of opportunities for physical activity in a residential area, and the physical fitness and health of pupils attending Grades 5 and 9 in Germany. The data were collected from 300 pupils in a community in Saxony, using a standardized questionnaire and a standard test of sporting ability. Results indicated that girls evaluated the opportunities for physical activity in the residential area more critically than boys. Multivariate analysis showed that the subjective health status of pupils was associated with good physical fitness and a good perception of opportunities for physical activity in the residential area, but not with the perceived quality of physical education lessons. These results provide evidence that a relationship between the urban environment and physical activity exists, and that the promotion of physical activity for pupils can benefit from intersectoral approaches.
Level of lead, cadmium, and mercury in canadian cigarette tobacco as indicators of environmental change: results from a 21-year study (1968-1988).

Close to 90% of Canadian domestic cigarette tobacco is grown within a small geographic area in southern Ontario. The lead, cadmium, and mercury contents of this geographically homogeneous plant material was determined as a potential indicator of environmental change. During the 21-year period (1968-1988) studied, the major decreases in concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury occurred during a 7-9-year period commencing about 1972. With respect to lead, this period of major change probably reflects progress in reducing levels in ambient air. Concentrations since 1979 have either stabilized (mercury) or decreased at a much slower rate (lead and cadmium) and may indicate that residual levels in the soil are now the primary determinants of uptake into tobacco plants in southern Ontario
Stroke survivors', caregivers' and GPs' attitudes towards a polypill for the secondary prevention of stroke: a qualitative interview study

Objectives To understand the perspectives of stroke survivors, caregivers and general practitioners (GPs) on a polypill approach, consisting of blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering therapies, with or without aspirin, for the secondary prevention of stroke. Methods A qualitative interview study was undertaken in 5 GP surgeries in the East of England. 28 survivors of stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were interviewed, 14 of them with a caregiver present, along with a convenience sample of 5 GPs, to assess attitudes towards a polypill and future use. Topic guides explored participants attitudes, potential uptake and long-term use, management of polypill medication and factors influencing the decision to prescribe. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Key themes are presented and illustrated with verbatim quotes. Results The analysis identified 3 key themes: polypill benefits, polypill concerns and polypill lessons for implementation. Stroke/TIA survivors were positive about the polypill concept and considered it acceptable in the secondary prevention of stroke. Perceived benefits of a polypill included convenience resulting in improved adherence and reduced burden of treatment. Caregivers felt that a polypill would improve medication-taking practices, and GPs were open to prescribing it to those at increased cardiovascular risk. However, concerns raised included whether a polypill provided equivalent therapeutic benefit, side effects through combining medications, consequences of non-adherence, lack of flexibility in regulating dosage, disruption to current treatment and suitability to the wider stroke population. Conclusions Participants acknowledged potential advantages in a polypill approach for secondary prevention of stroke; however, significant concerns remain. Further research on the efficacy of a polypill is needed to reassure practitioners whose concerns around inflexibility and treatment suitability are likely to influence the decision to prescribe a polypill for secondary prevention of stroke. Acceptability among survivors, caregivers and GPs is likely to determine the uptake and subsequent use of a polypill in the future.
Computed tomography features of head injury in Ghanaian children

Background: Injuries to the head are common in children. There are several reports in literature of head injury and evaluation with computed tomography scan (CT scan) but only a few focus on children. Method: A retrospective review of films and reports of the CT scans of 41 children with head injury. Results: Positive CT findings were noted in 19 (46.3%). Road traffic accident was found to be the commonest cause of injury with the highest incidence in the 5 – 9 year age group. Cranial fractures were the commonest (73.68%) CT findings especially in the frontal and parietal bones. Intracranial haemorrgage was outlined in 47.37%. In classifying the extent of head injury type 3 with intracranial injury alone occurred most (58.8%). Extraparenchymal haemorrages occurred more in 69.2% than the intracerebral variety (30.8%) Hydrocaphalus and cerebral oedema were also reported. Conclusion: CT scan provides accurate non-invasive diagnosis of fractures, intracranial haemorrhages and other sequale of head injury. However, it should be done only when clinically indicated to reduce cost and avoid unnecessary irradiation Key words: Head injury, computed tomography children Nig. J. of Surgical Research Vol.4(3-4) 2002: 84-88
Pregnancy outcomes in Lebanese women with multiple sclerosis (the LeMS study): a prospective multicentre study

Objective The Lebanese Multiple Sclerosis (LeMS) study aims to assess the influence of pregnancy and delivery on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Lebanese women. Setting This prospective multicentre study took place in three MS referral university medical centres in Lebanon. Participants Included were 29 women over 18 years who had been diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria, and became pregnant between 1995 and 2015. Participating women should have stopped treatment 3 months before conception and become pregnant after the onset of MS. Women were followed up from 1 year preconceptionally and for 4 years postpartum. Main outcome measures The annualised relapse rates per participant during each 3-month period during pregnancy and each year postpartum were compared with the relapse rate during the year before pregnancy using the paired two-tailed t test. p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant for all analyses (95% CI). Results 64 full-term pregnancies were recorded. All pregnancies (100%) resulted in live births, with no complications or other diseases. In comparison with the prepregnancy year, in which the mean relapse rate±SE was 0.17±0.07, there was a significant reduction in the relapse rate during pregnancy and in the first year postpartum (p=0.02), but an increase in the rate in the second year postpartum (0.21±0.08). Thereafter, from the third year postpartum through the following fourth year, the annualised relapse rate fell slightly but did not differ from the annualised relapse rate recorded in the prepregnancy year (0.17±0.07). Conclusions Pregnancy in Lebanese women with MS does not seem to increase the risk of complications. No relapses were observed during pregnancy and in the first year postpartum; however, relapses rebounded in the second year postpartum, and over the long term, returned to the levels that preceded pregnancy.
Enfermidades diagnosticadas em bezerros na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul

The aim of this study was to report the frequency of diseases affecting cattle under one year of age in the area of influence of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), establishing the main epidemiological factors associated with the occurrence of these diseases. The necropsy protocols and protocols of mailed in tissues from cattle under one year of age, submitted during 2000-2011 to LRD/UFPel for diagnosis, were reviewed. In 35.6% of the cases, the calves were of dairy breeds, 33.9% were beef calves, 18.3% were of mixed breed, and in 12.1% of the cases the breed was not informed. The organ systems most affected were the central nervous system (22.7%), digestive tract (18.6%) and respiratory system (16.8%). The diagnoses were divided by age groups: 88 calves were 1-90 days of age, 42 were 4-6 months, 32 were 7-9 months, and 44 cattle were 10-12 months of age. The disease most often diagnosed in 1 to 90-day-old calves were pneumonia, malformations and encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, with 19.3%, 15.9% and 11.3% of cases respectively. In 4 to 6-month-old calves, pneumonia occurred in 16.5% of cases, and blackleg and diarrhea accounted for 7.1% of diagnoses each. In 7 to 9-month-old calves the most frequent diseases were pneumonia and tetanus with 9.3% of cases, and babesiosis and gastrointestinal parasitosis with 6.2% each. In 10 to 12-month-old calves, infection by BoHV-5 represented 13.6% of cases, and pneumonia, rabies and parasitosis was observed in 9% of cases each. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that infectious diseases related to the respiratory system were important causes of mortality in calves of all ages until 12 months in the area of influence of LRD and their occurrence may be influenced by environmental factors and by management. Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis were also important as cause of mortality in 3-month-old calves.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATUAÇÃO DO NÚCLEO DE APOIO À SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO INTERIOR DE PERNAMBUCO / EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FAMILY HEALTH SUPPORT CENTER IN A CITY IN THE INTERIOR OF PERNAMBUCO STATE

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Family Health Support Center (NASF) through the knowledge and evaluation of services by professionals of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Methods: Quantitative descriptive study conducted in 2012 with 10 FHS linked to NASF, District 1, Parnaiba - PI - Brazil, where 76 professionals were interviewed using a questionnaire on the characterization of the professional, their knowledge regarding the NASF activities and the evaluation of services provided by the NASF team. The data were divided into categories, grouped and analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results: In the evaluation of the NASF performance by the members of the FHS, 42% (n=32) considered the service very important, 59.0% (n= 5) of the members were satisfied, 54.0% (n=41) rated the service as accessible to the population, and 90% (n=68) of interviewees recognized which professionals make up the NASF team, highlighting the physiotherapist and the physical educator. Conclusion: It is concluded that the FHS have information regarding the structure of the NASF, pointing the service as very important. Additionally, they are satisfied with the activities performed and rate the service as accessible to the population, which is informed by NASF about their rights in public health. doi:10.5020/18061230.2014. p224