Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trust in news on social media

This paper investigates trust in news on a social media platform. The paper is motivated by the finding that social media is the primary news source for a large group of people, especially young adults. Considering the challenges posed by online misinformation and fake news, an understanding of how users quantify trust in news and what factors influence this trust is needed. In a study with 108 participants, German high-school students provided trust ratings for online news including quality media and fake news. The study shows that users can quantify their trust in news items and that these trust ratings correspond to rankings of the sources by experts. The paper finds that psychometric scales that measure interpersonal trust are predictive of a user's mean trust rating across different news items. We show how this can be used to provide interventions for those prone to false trust and false distrust.
Investigation of ischemic and demyelinating lesions by cerebral vasoreactivity based on transcranial Doppler sonography: a comparative study

Purpose Variations of cerebral blood flow in response to hypoxia and hyperoxia in different disease conditions can provide new insights into disease etiopathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of cerebral vasoreactivity for ischemia and demyelination. Materials and methods This case–control study included: 28 patients with lacunar infarctions verified by history, physical examination, and MRI; 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls; 28 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), based on McDonald criteria; and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for the MS group. Transcranial Doppler sonography was undertaken in all subjects to calculate the mean flow velocity (MFV) of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and, after a breath-holding (BH) maneuver, the breath-holding index (BHI) was determined. Results There was no significant difference of BHI and changes of MFV of the MCA in MS patients compared to controls (1.02 ± 0.4 vs 1.02 ± 0.3, p = 0.993; and 16.8 ± 8.1 vs 11.3 ± 10.8, p = 0.057). BHI in patients with lacunar infarctions was significantly lower (0.8 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.3, p < 0.001) compared to controls. The BHI (p = 0.040) and variations of MFV of MCA (p = 0.007) in MS patients were significantly higher than in patients with lacunar infarctions. The vasoreactivity of demyelinating lesions was higher than that of ischemic ones. Conclusion Therefore, cerebral vasoreactivity determined by transcranial Doppler could be utilized for differentiating demyelinating from ischemic lesions.
Studies on the gill ciliation of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)

Latero‐frontal, para‐latero‐frontal, and frontal ciliary tracts on the gill filaments of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) were studied with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Latero‐frontal cirri are complex structures composed of varying numbers of paired cilia. The multiple pairs of cilia which constitute a single cirrus are closely appressed for a portion of their length; they then branch laterally from the central axis in a plume‐like fashion. Latero‐frontal cirri of adjacent gill filaments create a filtration sieve which should be capable of retaining particles smaller than 1 μm in diameter. Para‐latero‐frontal cilia are short, closely spaced cilia arranged as a staggered row along the frontal side of each tract of latero‐frontal cirri. Latero‐frontal cirri and para‐latero‐frontal cilia occur on ordinary, principal, and transitional gill filaments. Frontal ciliary tracts of ordinary filaments are divided into a central, ventrally directed coarse tract, flanked on either side by a dorsally directed fine ciliary tract. The coarse tract is covered by cirri which are comprised of five to eight cilia, while the fine frontal tracts are made up of individually functioning cilia. The frontal ciliary tracts of principal and transitional filaments bear only dorsally directed fine cilia. The unique direction of effective beat of the coarse frontal cirri of ordinary filaments, in combination with the action of fine frontal cilia and the strategic location of mucus producing cells, is used to describe a possible mechanism for the sorting of filtered particles.
Age and mini-mental state examination score can predict poor-quality spirometry in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: The goal was to identify predictors of poor-quality spirometry in community-dwelling older adults and their respective cutoffs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study involving 245 elderly subjects (age≥60 years). The spirometric data were categorized as good or poor quality, and cognitive status was assessed using an adapted version (scaled to have a maximum of 19 points) of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the association between poor-quality spirometry and sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics. The best cutoff points for predicting poor-quality spirometry were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: In this population, 61 (24.9%) subjects with poor-quality spirometry were identified. After multiple logistic regression analysis, only age and Mini-Mental State Examination score were still associated with poor-quality spirometry (p≤0.05). The cutoff for the Mini-Mental State Examination score was 15 points, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.628 (p=0.0017), sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 49.5%; for age, the cutoff was 78 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.718 (p=0.0001), sensitivity of 57.4% and specificity of 79.9%. CONCLUSION: Age and Mini-Mental State Examination score together are good predictors of poor-quality spirometry and can contribute to the screening of community-dwelling older adults unable to meet the minimum quality criteria for a spirometric test.
The Impact of Noncavity-Distorting Intramural Fibroids on the Efficacy of In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Aim To address the impact of noncavity-distorting intramural fibroids on the efficacy of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes. Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched systematically. A meta-analysis was performed based on comparative or cohort studies that explored the impact of noncavity-distorting intramural fibroids on the efficacy of IVF-ET treatment. The IVE-ET outcomes of study group (women with noncavity-distorting intramural fibroids) and control group (women without fibroids) were compared, including live birth rate (LBR), clinical pregnancy rate (cPR), implantation rate (IR) , miscarriage rate (MR), and ectopic pregnancy rate (ePR). Results A total of 28 studies involving 9189 IVF cycles were included. Our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction of LBR in the study group compared to control group (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92, and P = 0.005). In addition, it indicated that study group had a significant reduction in cPR (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80-0.93, P = 0.0001) and IR (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0813-1.00, P = 0.04) and have a significantly increase in MR (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.50, and P = 0.004) compared with control group. Conclusions The present evidence suggests that noncavity-distorting intramural fibroids would significantly reduce the IR, cRP, and LBR and significantly increase the MR after IVF treatment, but it would not significantly increase the ePR.
In vivo Evidence for Partial Activation of Eosinophils via the Histamine H4-Receptor: Adoptive Transfer Experiments Using Eosinophils From H4R−/− and H4R+/+ Mice

Our previous in vitro studies revealed that histamine via histamine the H4-receptors (H4R), as compared to other stimuli, such as eotaxin or formylpeptides, rather partially activates eosinophilic granulocytes (eosinophils). In order to evaluate the H4R-mediated activation of eosinophils in vivo, we employed dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, closely resembling human ulcerative colitis (UC), which is largely characterized by a local eosinophilic infiltration of the colon. IL-5-deficient BALB/c mice served as a model with reduced endogenous numbers of eosinophils, in which wild-type (H4R+/+) or H4R-deficient (H4R−/−) eosinophils were adoptively transferred during the course of DSS-induced colitis. During the 1-week observation period, transfer of eosinophils transiently reversed the acute clinical colitis-like phenotype (body weight loss, perianal bleeding, soft stool consistency) resulting from IL-5-deficiency. This reversion was significantly more pronounced upon transfer of eosinophils from H4R+/+ mice as compared to those from H4R−/− mice. Already at the end of the observation period, the clinical effects of the transfer of H4R+/+ and H4R−/− eosinophils became similar, as were the results of the histological examination of the cola and the analyses of cytokine production in cola and in re-stimulated lymph node cells performed at this time. Thus, analyzing clinical and pathological parameters representative of colitis in this model, we demonstrate that as well as in vitro, also in vivo histamine via the H4R only partially activates eosinophils.
Distinct epidemiological profiles associated with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): A comprehensive analysis of the IBC registry at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Background To date, studies on inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) lack comprehensive epidemiological data. We analyzed detailed prospectively collected clinical and epidemiological data from the IBC Registry at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Methods Patients with IBC (n = 248) were consecutively diagnosed and prospectively enrolled between November 2006 and April 2013. All patients were newly diagnosed and at least 18 years old. Secondary IBC was excluded. Overall 160 variables were collected and evaluated including sociodemographics, anthropometrics, tobacco and alcohol consumption, reproductive variables, and family history data. Results Mean age at diagnosis was 51.6 (±11.5 SD) years, and the majority of patients were White (77.8%). A mean BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, irrespective of menopausal status, was observed in 80.2% of all patients, with 82.6% of African Americans being obese. Approximately 42.2% of patients were ever smokers, and 91% reported ever being pregnant. A history of breastfeeding was reported in 54% of patients, with significant differences between ethnic groups in favor of White women (P<0.0001). Other reproductive factors such as use of birth control pills & hormone replacement therapy were also more frequently associated with White women compare to other ethnic groups (P < 0.05). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, African American or Hispanic ethnicity, not having breastfed, higher clinical stage, and TNBC subtype were associated with shorter survival. Conclusion Our data suggest that IBC is associated with distinct epidemiological profiles. This information could assist in targeting patients with specific preventive strategies based on their modifiable behavioral patterns.
Suicide on the Railways in Belgium: A Typology of Locations and Potential for Prevention

Suicide on railway networks comprises a serious public health problem. However, the geographical distribution and the environmental risk factors remain unclear. This study analyzed the geographic distribution of railway suicides in Belgium from 2008–2013 at the level of a railway section (average length of 3.5 km). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three groups of correlations that helped explain the variance of railway suicide. The three groups are related to characteristics of urban spaces, psychiatric facilities, and railway traffic density. Based on the PCA results, the study found four types of railway sections. The density of railway suicide was average and low in the urban and rural/industrial sections, respectively. However, it was high in the suburban sections and the sections close to psychiatric facilities. As the geographical proximity of a psychiatric facility comprises a specific risk factor for suicide on railways, preventative measures should target these sections and establish collaborations with psychiatric facilities. The typology of locations found in this study constitutes crucial information for national and local suicide prevention on the Belgian railway network.
Design and Fabrication of Ultracapacitor based on Paper Substrate and BaTiO3/PEDOT: PSS Separator Film.

BACKGROUND In this study, the ultracapacitor has been fabricated based on the BaTiO3/ PEDOT: PSS separator film and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrolyte. On the paper-substrate was coated a film of the graphite nanoparticles (GNPs) as an electrode. The GNPs and surface morphology of the separator, electrolyte and electrode have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. METHOD A piece of white commercial paper (3×6 cm) as a substrate was used. The typical paper has a porosity which transferred electrons between both sides of the separator. For the prevalence of this defect, the dielectric solution was coated on both sides of the separator and blocking layer was fabricated. For the preparation of the dielectric layer, at first PEDOT/PSS (3 g) was added to BaTiO3 (3 g) and the mixture was dispersed with ultrasonic for 10 min. RESULTS To further explore the electrochemical performance of the paper ultracapacitor, several measurements are carefully analyzed including cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic. From the cyclic voltammetry method (C-V curves) the specific capacitance of the ultracapacitor were 350 F g-1, 98 F g-1 and 58 F g-1 for voltage scan rate 20 mV/s, 150 mV/s and 300 mV/s respectively. CONCLUSION Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy test is an effective method to analyze and measure the internal resistance of the paper ultracapacitor. From the Nyquist curve, the internal resistance was 80 Ω. The ultracapacitor based on the GNPs electrode due to flexibility and high performance is more suitable for energy storage. In this paper few relevant patents to the ultracapacitors have also been reviewed and cited.
Reward-related regions form a preferentially coupled system at rest

Neuroimaging studies have implicated a set of striatal and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) regions that are commonly activated during reward processing tasks. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies have demonstrated that the human brain is organized into several functional systems that show strong temporal coherence even in the absence of goal-directed tasks. Here we use seed-based and graph-theory RSFC approaches to characterize the systems-level organization of putative reward regions of at rest. Peaks of connectivity from seed-based RSFC patterns for the nucleus accumbens (NAcc, anatomically defined) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC, functionally defined) were used to identify candidate reward regions which were merged with a previously used set of regions (Power et al., 2011). Graph-theory was then used to determine system-level membership for all regions. Several regions previously implicated in reward-processing (NAcc, lateral and medial OFC, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) comprised a distinct, preferentially coupled system. This RSFC system is stable across a range of connectivity thresholds and shares strong overlap with meta-analyses of task-based reward studies. This reward system shares between-system connectivity with systems implicated in cognitive control and self-regulation, including the fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular, and default systems. Further, differences may exist in the pathways through which control systems interact with key regions of this reward system. Whereas NAcc regions of the reward system are functionally connected to cingulo-opercular and default systems, OFC regions of the reward system show stronger connectivity with the fronto-parietal system. We propose that future work may be able to interrogate group or individual differences in connectivity profiles using the regions delineated in the current work to explore potential relationships to appetitive behaviors, self-regulation failure, and addiction.
Commentary: Childhood blindness in India: Regional variations

Recent estimates show that there are 19 million children who are visually impaired globally, of which 1.26 million children are blind. [1,2] Although the absolute numbers are lesser, control of childhood blindness (CB) is one of the priorities of Vision 2020: The Right to Sight, and there are several reasons for this. [3] First, the cause of blindness in children is very different from that in adults. Therefore, the strategy to combat blindness in adults will not necessarily help in the control of blindness in children. Second, unlike in adults, a delay in treatment can lead to amblyopia. Third, children’s eyes are small and they respond differently to treatment. Thus, specific expertise, equipment, and training are required. Moreover, a blind child has many years of blindness ahead of him or her. Finally, blindness in children is a cause of mortality. Therefore, strategies to reduce CB are needed to be developed to alleviate the emotional, social, and economic cost to the child, his or her family, and the society and positively influence the child’s future, in education, occupation, and social life. [4]
Investigating the Correspondence of Clinical Diagnostic Grouping With Underlying Neurobiological and Phenotypic Clusters Using Unsupervised Machine Learning

Many brain-based disorders are traditionally diagnosed based on clinical interviews and behavioral assessments, which are recognized to be largely imperfect. Therefore, it is necessary to establish neuroimaging-based biomarkers to improve diagnostic precision. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a promising technique for the characterization and classification of varying disorders. However, most of these classification methods are supervised, i.e., they require a priori clinical labels to guide classification. In this study, we adopted various unsupervised clustering methods using static and dynamic rs-fMRI connectivity measures to investigate whether the clinical diagnostic grouping of different disorders is grounded in underlying neurobiological and phenotypic clusters. In order to do so, we derived a general analysis pipeline for identifying different brain-based disorders using genetic algorithm-based feature selection, and unsupervised clustering methods on four different datasets; three of them—ADNI, ADHD-200, and ABIDE—which are publicly available, and a fourth one—PTSD and PCS—which was acquired in-house. Using these datasets, the effectiveness of the proposed pipeline was verified on different disorders: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS). For ADHD and AD, highest similarity was achieved between connectivity and phenotypic clusters, whereas for ASD and PTSD/PCS, highest similarity was achieved between connectivity and clinical diagnostic clusters. For multi-site data (ABIDE and ADHD-200), we report site-specific results. We also reported the effect of elimination of outlier subjects for all four datasets. Overall, our results suggest that neurobiological and phenotypic biomarkers could potentially be used as an aid by the clinician, in additional to currently available clinical diagnostic standards, to improve diagnostic precision. Data and source code used in this work is publicly available at https://github.com/xinyuzhao/identification-of-brain-based-disorders.git.
Effect of an intra-aortic balloon pump with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on mortality of patients with cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis†

An intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) concomitant with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is frequently used to support patients with refractory cardiogenic shock (CS). Because of the lack of evidence of the adjunctive benefit, the goal of the study was to compare the effect of VA-ECMO plus IABP with that of VA-ECMO alone. Systematic searches were conducted to identify studies using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Studies reporting on patients with adult CS treated with VA-ECMO plus IABP or VA-ECMO alone were identified and included. The primary outcome was in-hospital death. The secondary outcomes included neurological, gastrointestinal and limb-related complications. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017069259). A total of 29 studies comprising 4576 patients were included. The pooled in-hospital deaths of patients on VA-ECMO were 1441/2285 (63.1%) compared with 1339/2291 (58.4%) for patients with adjunctive IABP. VA-ECMO plus IABP was associated with decreased in-hospital deaths [risk ratio (RR) 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-0.95; P < 0.0001]. Moreover, IABP was related to decreased in-hospital deaths of patients with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, postcardiotomy CS and ischaemic heart disease (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.95; P = 0.01; RR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; P = 0.008; RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.73-0.96, P = 0.009). Neurological, gastrointestinal and limb-related complications did not differ significantly between patients on ECMO with and without concurrent IABP. VA-ECMO plus IABP was associated with decreased in-hospital deaths in patients with CS.
Socioeconomic Determinants, Maternal Health, and Caries in Young Children

Introduction: Maternal health during pregnancy plays a part in child health, and several conditions have been associated with adverse child outcomes. Objectives: To determine the socioeconomic determinants and maternal health factors associated with dental caries in young children. Methods: This cross-sectional study is part of a register-based cohort study including all children who were born from 2000 to 2003 and were residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 y (n = 73,658). The study followed the cohort until individuals were 7 y old. The final study cohort comprised all children examined at 3 and 7 y (n = 65,259). Data on socioeconomic conditions, maternal health, and maternal health behavior were extracted from Swedish national registries. The multivariate analyses used 2 outcomes: caries experience at age 3 and 7 y (deft > 0 [decayed, extracted, and filled teeth]). Results: The results of this study show that socioeconomic and maternal health behaviors during pregnancy are important determinants of oral health in their preschool offspring. When all significant risk factors were present, the cumulative probability of being diagnosed with dental caries at age 7 y was 75%. Conclusion: This study also showed that maternal obesity and smoking during pregnancy were predictors of dental caries in preschool children. Strategies must be developed for increasing maternal motivation and self-efficacy and providing mothers with knowledge and caries-preventive tools. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study inform clinicians about the importance of including a more detailed history regarding maternal health and maternal health behaviors during pregnancy to assess caries risk in preschool children. Education, income, and other socioeconomic factors are difficult to modify in the short term. Therefore, strategies must be developed to increase parental motivation and self-efficacy to give parents the determination, knowledge, and tools for prevention.