Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Putting 'Maori' in the Mainstream: Student Teachers' Reflections of a Culturally Relevant Pedogogy

This paper reports on student teachers experiences of an education program that was explicitly designed to be grounded in both Kaupapa M āori and mainstream pedagogy. This program started from the Kaupapa M āori view to be M āori as M āori. This was then supported by mainstream epistemology of New Zealand focused good teaching practice. A Kaupapa Māori approach was taken in this qualitative study that used participant driven spiral discourse. The paper suggests that this combined Kaupapa M āori and mainstream approach allowed these student teachers to find their place in education. Conclusions suggest that a culturally relevant pedagogy modeled as good teaching practice was needed for these student teachers to develop an understanding of not only how learning occurs but also how their teaching relates to learning.
Large-eddy simulation study of the logarithmic law for second- and higher-order moments in turbulent wall-bounded flow

Abstract The logarithmic law for the mean velocity in turbulent boundary layers has long provided a valuable and robust reference for comparison with theories, models and large-eddy simulations (LES) of wall-bounded turbulence. More recently, analysis of high-Reynolds-number experimental boundary-layer data has shown that also the variance and higher-order moments of the streamwise velocity fluctuations $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}u^{\prime +}$ display logarithmic laws. Such experimental observations motivate the question whether LES can accurately reproduce the variance and the higher-order moments, in particular their logarithmic dependency on distance to the wall. In this study we perform LES of very high-Reynolds-number wall-modelled channel flow and focus on profiles of variance and higher-order moments of the streamwise velocity fluctuations. In agreement with the experimental data, we observe an approximately logarithmic law for the variance in the LES, with a ‘Townsend–Perry’ constant of $A_1\approx 1.25$ . The LES also yields approximate logarithmic laws for the higher-order moments of the streamwise velocity. Good agreement is found between $A_p$ , the generalized ‘Townsend–Perry’ constants for moments of order $2p$ , from experiments and simulations. Both are indicative of sub-Gaussian behaviour of the streamwise velocity fluctuations. The near-wall behaviour of the variance, the ranges of validity of the logarithmic law and in particular possible dependencies on characteristic length scales such as the roughness length $z_0$ , the LES grid scale $\Delta $ , and subgrid scale mixing length $C_s\Delta $ are examined. We also present LES results on moments of spanwise and wall-normal fluctuations of velocity.
Crossed products and Galois extensions of Hopf algebras.

In this paper we explore further the subject of crossed products A# σ H of an arbitrary Hopf algebra H (weakly) acting on a non-commutative algebra A over a field k. These general crossed products, which play a fundamental role in the theory of extensions of Hopf algebras, were introduced independently by Y. Doi and M. Takeuchi and by the present authors and M. Cohen. Here we give several characterizations of crossed products A# σ H with invertible cocycle σ. These characterizations are then used to extend to such crossed products known results for smash products concerning duality and Maschke-type theorems. We also prove a Noether-Skolem theorem using these methods.
The Effect of Risks on Banking Safety: Applied Study on Jordanian Traditional Banks (2005-2016)

Banking sector is one of the most important sectors that support the sustainable economic development in Jordan, therefore this study aimed to test the impact of risks; (Liquidity risk, bank credit risk and interest rate risk) on the safety in the banking sector in the Jordanian commercial banks during the period 2005-2016. The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant impact for each of liquidity risk and interest rate risk on the safety in the banking sector, and there isn't statistically significant impact for credit risk on the safety in the banking sector during the period of this study, and also find that the explanatory of model was 60.5%, which means that 39.5% due to other factors.
Disputes, Debt and Equity

We show how the prospect of disputes over firms' revenue reports promotes debt financing over equity. This is demonstrated in a costly state verification model with a risk‐averse entrepreneur. The prospect of disputes encourages incentive contracts that limit penalties and avoid stochastic monitoring, even when the lender can commit to stochastic monitoring. Consequently, optimal contracts shift from equity toward standard debt. In short, when audit signals are weakly correlated with true incomes, standard debt contracts emerge as optimal; if audit signals are highly correlated with true incomes, optimal contracts resemble equity. When audit costs are sufficiently high, stochastic monitoring may be optimal. Optimal standard debt contracts under imperfect audits are shown to reproduce key empirical facts of U.S. firm borrowing.
The Effects of Government Spending Under Limited Capital Mobility

This paper studies the effects of government spending under limited international capital mobility, as featured by most developing countries. While external financing of government debt mitigates the crowding-out effect, it generates real appreciation, which contracts traded output and lowers the fiscal multiplier in the short run. The decline of the multiplier is larger when facing debt-elastic country risk premia. Also, government spending is more expansionary with more home bias in government purchases, more sectoral rigidities, and a less flexible exchange rate. Whether the twin-deficit hypothesis holds depends crucially on the extent to which government deficits are financed externally.
Influence of soil properties on yield and fruit maturity at harvest of 'Williams' pear

In the Upper Rio Negro Valley, northern Patagonia (Argentina), there is a large variability of soils and the success of a fruit plantation depends mostly on soil characteristics. The main objective of this work was to determine the relationships between yield and fruit internal maturity at harvest of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) grown in soils with different properties. The soil around each of 30 trees was morphologically characterized by measuring physical, physic-chemical, and chemical variables. At harvest time, total and commercial yields were measured, and maturity was determined by measuring flesh firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. According to edaphic variables, soils were classified into five groups. Yields presented significant differences among such groups and growing seasons. The distribution of commercial sizes was similar in soils with fine texture, and high K content (897 and 663 mg kg-1) and cation-exchange capacity. Smaller fruits predominated in soil groups with high salinity (6.1 dS m-1 in surface and 10.8 dS m-1 in subsurface horizons) and shallow depth. The soil group with the highest salinity presented fruits with 11% more titratable acidity compared to all other groups. The soil group with the smallest depth presented fruits with high levels of flesh firmness (11.18 kg cm-2) and soluble solids (14.8%). The selected set of edaphic variables allowed us to differentiate groups of soils and analyze its influence in pear tree yield, commercial sizes, and fruit internal maturity.
The Adaptive Memory Effect: Exploring Need for Cognition and Survival Processing

Adaptive memory demonstrates that memory is enhanced when information is processed because of its relevance to survival (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). In the present experiments we examined whether there was a difference in individuals Need for Cognition (NFC; Cacioppo & Petty, 1982). in regards to adaptive memory. Need for Cognition is characterized as the differences in individual’s preference for engaging in thought or information that requires effort. Specifically, individuals high in NFC could potentially think of numerous ways to survive, thus being more likely to generate more thoughts and ideas, ultimately leading to better memory compared to low-NFC individuals. For both experiments participants read survival and moving scenarios and rated words according to each scenario. Participants then received a surprise recall test on the rated words, and completed a NFC questionnaire. Experiment two examined both true and false memories across multiple recall tests. Specifically, participants were given three chances at recall prior to NFC scale. Results for experiment one indicated no effect of high and low NFC but there was an effect of scenario, indicating that the survival scenario led to greater recall than the moving scenario. Results for experiment two for target words, indicated that there was a significant effect for recall test as well as scenario, revealing that the survival scenario led to greater recall than the moving scenario. False memory results indicated a significant effect for test, as participants recalled more false words in the subsequent tests. High-NFC individuals were shown to increase in recall from test one to test three, compared to low-NFC individuals. Explanations for the lack of difference in highand low-NFC individuals may be diminished from prompting a type processing that succeeds in increasing true and false memories for the low-NFC individuals that is similar to high-NFC individual.
Effects of Lamivudine on Outcome after Initial Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

AIM: The beneficial effects of lamivudine on hepatitis B virus have been well recognized. After liver resection or radiofrequency ablation for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, the role of lamivudine treatment is still controversial. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of lamivudine therapy after initial treatment for HCC on survival rate and HCC recurrence from available Cohort Studies. METHODS: Articles from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane database, including the non-English literature identified in these databases, were searched from January 1970 to November 2012. Studies comparing lamivudine treatment with no antiviral therapy after initial treatment for HCC were extracted only. The percentage of graft survival was extracted by “engauge digitizer” from survival curve if the data was not display directly. Meta-analysis was performed when at least three provided data. RESULTS: 10 articles were included in our study. Lamivudine treatment had significant effects on the incidence of HCC recurrence (RR=0.82, P=0.01) and 1-yr tumor free survival rates (HR=0.34, P<0.00001), but had no significant effect on 1-yr overall survival (HR=0.66, P=0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review imply that lamivudine after initial treatment for HCC reduce recurrence rate and promoted tumor free survival rates, but it did not contribute to short-term overall survival.
Effect of millet offal-based diets on performance, carcass cuts and haematological profile of growing rabbits

The carcass evaluation and haematological parameters of growing rabbits fed millet offal-based diets were examined in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment that lasted for eight weeks. Millet offal replaced maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% inclusion levels for diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Feeds and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment. Results showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) on the live weight, slaughter weight, fasting loss, carcass weight, dressing percentage, thigh, shoulder, ribs, loin, limbs, eviscerated weight, neck and carcass length of rabbits fed the various experimental diets. In the same vein, only the lung showed significant difference (P 0.05) by the test diets. Serum metabolites result showed increase in serum protein and blood glucose, with corresponding decrease in total cholesterol at 50% and above millet offal inclusion. Feed cost (N/kg) and feed cost (N/kg) weight gain decreased with increase in millet offal inclusion with corresponding improvement in savings as evidenced in the cost differential analysis. Millet offal could therefore replace maize grain up to 100% in rabbit diet, and by extension help in better animal protein consumption of average income resource earner. Key words: Serum metabolites, carcass evaluation, haematology, millet offal, rabbit.
Impact of earthworm Lumbricus terrestris living sites on the greenhouse gas balance of no-till arable soil

Abstract. We studied the effect of the deep-burrowing earthworm Lumbricus terrestris on the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and global warming potential (GWP) of arable no-till soil using both field measurements and a controlled 15-week laboratory experiment. In the field, the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were on average 43 and 32 % higher in areas occupied by L. terrestris (the presence judged by the surface midden) than in adjacent, unoccupied areas (with no midden). The fluxes of methane (CH4) were variable and had no consistent difference between the midden and non-midden areas. Removing the midden did not affect soil N2O and CO2 emissions. The laboratory results were consistent with the field observations in that the emissions of N2O and CO2 were on average 27 and 13 % higher in mesocosms with than without L. terrestris. Higher emissions of N2O were most likely due to the higher content of mineral nitrogen and soil moisture under the middens, whereas L. terrestris respiration fully explained the observed increase in CO2 emissions in the laboratory. In the field, the significantly elevated macrofaunal densities in the vicinity of middens likely contributed to the higher emissions from areas occupied by L. terrestris. The activity of L. terrestris increased the GWP of field and laboratory soil by 50 and 18 %, but only 6 and 2 % of this increase was due to the enhanced N2O emission. Our results suggest that high N2O emissions commonly observed in no-till soils can partly be explained by the abundance of L. terrestris under no-till management and that L. terrestris can markedly regulate the climatic effects of different cultivation practises.
Transmission Electron Microscope Investigation of the Interface between Titanium and Zirconia

The interfaces between 3-mol%-yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia and commercially pure titanium after reaction at 1750°C were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope and an analytical transmission microscope. Zirconia was reduced to oxygen-deficient zirconia (ZrO2-x) with an O/Zr ratio as low as 1.53, causing the evolution of oxygen. Part of the oxygen could accumulate at grain boundaries, the remainder being dissolved in titanium as alpha-Ti(O). An ordered titanium suboxide (Ti3O) could be formed from a solid solution of alpha-Ti(O) during cooling. A fine crystalline ZrO2-x phase (O/Zr similar/congruent 2) was also found along with alpha-Zr near the interface on the zirconia side. The alpha-Zr was twinned with one of the twin planes being indexed as {1012}. The yttria stabilizer was excluded from zirconia as the reaction was progressing, existing as oxygen-deficient yttria. Extensive dissolution of zirconia in titanium gave rise to the formation of alpha-Ti(Zr,O) solid solution. On cooling, lamellae of Ti2ZrO precipitated from alpha-Ti(Zr,O) with an orientation relationship of {110}Ti2ZrO//{100}alpha-Ti and Ti2ZrO// alpha-Ti.
The Influence of Selected Demographic Variables on the Choice of Bootstrap Financing Methods in Small Owner-Managed Businesses in Zimbabwe

Abstract Acquiring financial resources for survival and growth continues to be a challenge for small businesses in the developing world context. In many cases, small businesses have to resort to innovative and non-traditional means to remain viable. The main objective of this study was to explore the influence of selected demographic variables on the choice of bootstrap financing methods among owner-managers of small businesses which were operating in an unstable economic environment characterised by limited access to business finance. Data was collected from 62 owner-mangers of small business using a questionnaire that measured their preference of bootstrap finance methods. Results of the study showed that the owner-mangers preferred bootstrap finance methods that raised funds without going to the bank, and that owner-managers’ characteristics influenced their choice of bootstrap finance methods. Implications of the results are discussed in the context of small businesses’ survival and growth in unstable macro-economic environments.
Experimental research of limits for thermal modulation transfer function

The paper presented testing of surface defects by pulse video thermography techniques. Such techniques rely on transient infrared radiation from the sample heated by the short duration flux initiated by flesh. Experimental measurements are realized by infrared sensor (FLIR camera). Testing results are considered for the samples with controlled designed defects beyond observed surfaces. The effects of response through the transparent wall are measured as infrared visible radiance. Researches with controlled samples are performed to verify visibility threshold of defect dimensions and forms, for possible use as modulation transfer function of defects hidden beyond the surfaces of thin metal walls. Dimensionless coefficients are derived for method estimations as the results from experimental research.
Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Proteases from Bekasam for use as a Beef Tenderizer

DOI: 10.21276/sjavs.2018. 5.4. 2 Abstract: Proteases are important enzymes and have high economic value due to their wide applications in the food industry as a meat tenderizer. Protease use in the food industry necessitates an understanding of the capabilities and influencing factors of these enzymes to accelerate enzymatic reactions. This study aims to isolate and characterize the proteases of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Bekasam. The samples were obtained from the third, fifth, seventh, ninth and eleventh day of fermentation to isolate the proteolytic LAB. Characterization of proteases includes the casein substrate concentration, optimum temperature and pH, and the effect of some metal ions as activators or inhibitors of the protease enzyme activity measured with a spectrophotometer at λ 280 nm. The LAB with the highest protease activity is identified molecularly and isolate through 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the Neighbor Joining method. The results showed that the best isolate was BAF-715 because it had the highest protease activity of 18.84 U/ml at 40 hours of incubation. The optimum activity of this protease on a casein substrate at 2.5% occurred at an incubation temperature of 40 °Cat pH 7 and in the presence of Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ (5 mM) as activators. Based on molecular DNA identification, the BAF-715 isolate is determined to be Pediococcus pentosaceus. It was concluded that a protease produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus showed the highest proteolytic activity.
Temperature and seed moisture content affect electrical conductivity test in pea seeds.

Varios fatores interferem na eficiencia do teste de condutividade eletrica em sementes, dentre eles destaca-se o teor de agua inicial e a temperatura durante a embebicao. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do teor de agua inicial das sementes de ervilha e a temperatura na eficiencia do teste de condutividade eletrica como um teste de vigor. Utilizou-se seis lotes de sementes de ervilha ‘Mikado’ que, incialmente foram submetidos a testes para caracterizacao inicial. No primeiro ensaio, baseado na umidade inicial das amostras, foi ajustado o teor de agua das sementes para 9, 11, 13 e 15% e posteriormente foram submetidas ao teste de condutividade eletrica. No segundo ensaio, a agua para embebicao das sementes foi mantida por 24 horas a 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 °C, e apos este periodo adicionou-se as sementes e foram colocadas para embeber por mais 24 horas nas referidas temperaturas. Observou-se que o teor de agua inicial das sementes e a temperatura da agua durante a embebicao influenciaram nos resultados do teste de condutividade eletrica, este teste deve ser realizado com sementes variando entre 11 e 15% de teor de agua e a solucao de embebicao exposta a 25 °C.
New Types of Doubly Periodic Standing Wave Solutions for the Coupled Higgs Field Equation

Based on the Hirota bilinear method and theta function identities, we obtain a new type of doubly periodic standing wave solutions for a coupled Higgs field equation. The Jacobi elliptic function expression and long wave limits of the periodic solutions are also presented. By selecting appropriate parameter values, we analyze the interaction properties of periodic-periodic waves and periodic-solitary waves by some figures.
Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Rabbit's Pancreas

Aim of the study was to demonstrate some ultrasonography specifications of the normal pancreas in rabbit and their use as model for visual anatomical imaging study of pancreatic lesions in animals and humans. We used 12 clinically healthy 8 months old of New Zealand White rabbits between 2.8 and 3.2 kilos, who were mature and all anesthetized. Our investigation had been done Diagnostic Ultrasound System and micro convex multi frequency transducer. The trial animals were starved before the experiments. Before the study we injected (per os) isotonic solution. The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency. The ultrasonographic accesses were percutaneus transobdominal epigastric and transgastric. The pancreas was scanned longitudinally, transverse and oblique. In the four of the studied animals the pancreas were extirpirated after their euthanasia. The organs were researched under liquid isotonic medium. We determined three parts of the gland. The pancreas showed similar acoustic density to the liver. The left lobe was more determined and showed more echogenisity. It has been visualized as striped finding in front of the cranial mesenteric vein. Great amount of adipose tissue has been seen in the peripheral part of the gland that gave hyperechogenic structure of the capsule. The glandular parenchyma showed hyperechogenic linear findings. Portal vein was near the cranial mesenteric vein. The caudal vena cava was seen on the right of the aorta. Transabdominal epigastric access is very good method for visualization of pancreas in rabbits. 8 hours after their last meal an isotonic liquid was injected before the study to provide quality visualization of the gland. The placement of the animals in dorsal recumbency is suitable condition for visualization of the gland. Filling liquid of stomach is great acoustic window for the study of the pancreas in rabbits.
PIEZOELECTRIC PRECIPITATION SENSOR FROM VAISALA

The new piezoelectric Vaisala RAINCAP  precipitation sensor and measurement method are presented. Unlike commonly used precipitation instruments the Vaisala RAINCAP  precipitation sensor is virtually maintenance free; without any moving parts or components needing emptying and cleaning. Empirical results from Finnish Meteorological Institute test field in Finland and Vaisala test fields in Malaysia and Finland are presented and compared to the traditional tipping-bucket and weighing gauges. It is shown that the Vaisala RAINCAP  precipitation sensor performs especially well in moderate to heavy precipitation, and due to the measurement method is free from the typical sources of error in precipitation measurements.