Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two types of astrocytes in cultures of developing rat white matter: differences in morphology, surface gangliosides, and growth characteristics

Two types of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) astrocytes were found in cultures of developing rat optic nerve. Type 1 astrocytes had a fibroblast-like morphology, did not bind tetanus toxin or the monoclonal antibody A2B5 (both of which bind to specific polysialogangliosides), and were stimulated to divide by an extract of bovine pituitary and by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Type 2 astrocytes had a neuron-like morphology, bound tetanus toxin and A2B5 antibody, and were not stimulated to divide by bovine pituitary extract or by EGF. Although both types of astrocytes were present in cultures of white matter, only type 1 astrocytes were found in cultures of gray matter. Astrocytes did not convert from one type to the other in culture: while many type 1 astrocytes adopted a neuron-like morphology when exposed to dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate, or pituitary or brain extracts, especially in serum-free medium, such morphologically altered cells did not bind tetanus toxin or A2B5 antibody. Although small numbers of tetanus toxin-binding, A2B5+, GFAP+ cells were present in suspensions of freshly dissected, neonatal optic nerves, most of the type 2 astrocytes in cultures of such optic nerves developed from tetanus toxin-binding, A2B5+, GFAP- cells, which were induced to express GFAP by the culture conditions. Since type 2 astrocytes have a neuron-like morphology and bind tetanus toxin and A2B5 antibody, these ligands cannot be used on their own as neuron- specific markers in central nervous system cultures.
The Jekyll and Hyde of Emotional Intelligence

Does emotional intelligence promote behavior that strictly benefits the greater good, or can it also advance interpersonal deviance? In the investigation reported here, we tested the possibility that a core facet of emotional intelligence—emotion-regulation knowledge—can promote both prosocial and interpersonally deviant behavior. Drawing from research on how the effective regulation of emotion promotes goal achievement, we predicted that emotion-regulation knowledge would strengthen the effects of other-oriented and self-oriented personality traits on prosocial behavior and interpersonal deviance, respectively. Two studies supported our predictions. Among individuals with higher emotion-regulation knowledge, moral identity exhibited a stronger positive association with prosocial behavior in a social dilemma (Study 1), and Machiavellianism exhibited a stronger positive association with interpersonal deviance in the workplace (Study 2). Thus, emotion-regulation knowledge has a positive side and a dark side.
Analysis of Consumer Attitudes and Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Functional Foods

The objective of this study is to analyze consumer behaviour in relation to functional foods by a direct survey. To this end, the proposal is an analysis of the reasons for choosing to consume this type of food or not, accompanied by a supplementary investigation, mostly to assess the relationship between consumption patterns and willingness to pay (WTP) for the most common categories of functional foods, such as milk fortified with CLA (conjugated linoleic acid). Our research shows that a proportion of the population is unaware of the existence of functional foods and their properties. Moreover, it shows that when the concept of functional foods is explained to consumers, this creates a greater willingness to pay for such food, which is strongly linked to type of product carrier but not greatly to income. So the knowledge and transparency of information appear to be decisive variables in the process of choice, with significant implications in terms of policies for classification, labelling of food and public health.
Missed nursing care: a concept analysis.

AIM This paper is a report of the analysis of the concept of missed nursing care. BACKGROUND According to patient safety literature, missed nursing care is an error of omission. This concept has been conspicuously absent in quality and patient safety literature, with individual aspects of nursing care left undone given only occasional mention. METHOD An 8-step method of concept analysis - select concept, determine purpose, identify uses, define attributes, identify model case, describe related and contrary cases, identify antecedents and consequences and define empirical referents - was used to examine the concept of missed nursing care. The sources for the analysis were identified by systematic searches of the World Wide Web, MEDLINE, CINAHL and reference lists of related journal articles with a timeline of 1970 to April 2008. FINDINGS Missed nursing care, conceptualized within the Missed Nursing Care Model, is defined as any aspect of required patient care that is omitted (either in part or in whole) or delayed. Various attribute categories reported by nurses in acute care settings contribute to missed nursing care: (1) antecedents that catalyse the need for a decision about priorities; (2) elements of the nursing process and (3) internal perceptions and values of the nurse. Multiple elements in the nursing environment and internal to nurses influence whether needed nursing care is provided. CONCLUSION Missed care as conceptualized within the Missed Care Model is a universal phenomenon. The concept is expected to occur across all cultures and countries, thus being international in scope.
ADP-Ribosylation Factor / COPI-dependent Events at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Interface Are Regulated by the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor GBF 1

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) mediated recruitment of COPI to membranes plays a central role in transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi. The activation of ARFs is mediated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Although several ARF-GEFs have been identified, the transport steps in which they function are still poorly understood. Here we report that GBF1, a member of the Sec7-domain family of GEFs, is responsible for the regulation of COPI-mediated events at the ER-Golgi interface. We show that GBF1 is essential for the formation, differentiation, and translocation of pre-Golgi intermediates and for the maintenance of Golgi integrity. We also show that the formation of transport-competent ER-to-Golgi intermediates proceeds in two stages: first, a COPI-independent event leads to the formation of an unstable compartment, which is rapidly reabsorbed in the absence of GBF1 activity. Second, the association of GBF1 with this compartment allows COPI recruitment and leads to its maturation into transport intermediates. The recruitment of GBF1 to this compartment is specifically inhibited by brefeldin A. Our findings imply that the continuous recruitment of GBF1 to spatially differentiated membrane domains is required for sustained membrane remodeling that underlies membrane traffic and Golgi biogenesis.
Regulation of IκB Kinase-related Kinases and Antiviral Responses by Tumor Suppressor CYLD*

The IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinases, IKKϵ and TBK1, participate in the induction of type I interferons (IFNs) during viral infections. Deregulated activation of IKKϵ and TBK1 also contributes to the abnormal cell survival and transformation. However, how these kinases are negatively regulated remains unclear. We show here that the tumor suppressor CYLD has an essential role in preventing aberrant activation of IKKϵ/TBK1. CYLD deficiency causes constitutive activation of IKKϵ/TBK1, which is associated with hyper-induction of IFNs in virus-infected cells. We further show that CYLD targets a cytoplasmic RNA sensor, RIG-I, and inhibits the ubiquitination of this IKKϵ/TBK1 stimulator. Consistent with the requirement of ubiquitination in RIG-I function, CYLD potently inhibits RIG-I-mediated activation of the IFN-β promoter. These findings establish CYLD as a key negative regulator of IKKϵ/TBK1 and suggest a role for CYLD in the control of RIG-I ubiquitination.
Estimating the true incidence of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis in the European Union, 2009

SUMMARY We estimated the true incidence of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis in the European Union (EU) in 2009. The estimate was based on disease risks of returning Swedish travellers, averaged over the years 2005–2009, and anchored to a Dutch population-based study on incidence and aetiology of gastroenteritis. For the 27 EU member states the incidence of campylobacteriosis was about 9·2 (95% CI 2·8–23) million cases, while the incidence of salmonellosis was 6·2 (95% CI 1·0–19) million cases. Only 1/47 (95% CI 14–117) cases of campylobacteriosis and one 1/58 (95% CI 9–172) cases of salmonellosis were reported in the EU. The incidence rate of campylobacteriosis in EU member states varied between 30 and 13 500/100 000 population and was significantly correlated with the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens. The incidence rate of salmonellosis in EU member states varied between 16 and 11 800/100 000 population and was significantly correlated with the prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis in laying hens.
The Effect of Vibration during Friction Stir Welding on Corrosion Behavior, Mechanical Properties, and Machining Characteristics of Stir Zone

Different methods have been applied to refine various characteristics of the zone (or nugget) obtained by friction stir welding (FSW). In the current research, joining components are vibrated normal to the weld line during FSW to refine the zone microstructure. This process is described as friction stir vibration welding (FSVW). The effect of FSVW on mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and machining characteristics of the zone are investigated. Al5052 alloy specimens are welded using FSW and FSVW processes and their different characteristics are compared and discussed. The results show that the strength and ductility of the welded parts increase when the vibration is applied. The outcomes also show that corrosion resistance of the nugget for FSV-welded specimens is lower than FS welded samples, and machining force of the former specimens is higher than the latter ones. These are related to smaller grain size in the zone of FSV-welded specimens compared to FS welded parts. Smaller grain size leads to a greater volume fraction of grain boundaries and, correspondingly, higher strength and hardness, as well as lower corrosion resistance.
A possible association of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ2 gene with obesity in native Javanese in Indonesia

Peroxisome proliferators–activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator of adipocytes‐specific genes contributing to adipocytes differentiation, susceptibility to obesity, and insulin sensitivity. The substitution of proline to alanine at codon 12 of the PPAR γ2 gene (Pro12Ala polymorphism) is most frequently identified and the associations with diabetes, obesity, and other clinical parameters have been reported and discussed in several ethnic groups. Among native Javanese ethnicity, however, there is no report about this polymorphism.
Stroke in renal transplant recipients.

To the Editor. —Adams et al 1 uncovered 44 patients with acute, cerebral thromboembolic events in a group of 140 patients with postrenal transplant neurologic complications. The underlying cause for 19 of 29 strokes and two of 11 transient ischemic attacks was unknown, though the authors postulated atherosclerosis. They cited but did not specify coagulation disorders in three of 29 strokes and two of 11 transient ischemic attacks. The summary listed erythrocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia among the hematologic abnormalities found in renal transplant recipients. We believe that some of these unexplained events may be precipitated by a quantitative defect in antithrombin III, due to either pretransplant or posttransplant proteinuria, giving rise to a hypercoagulable state. 2,3 Nephrosis heralds diabetic nephropathy, accompanies polycystic kidney disease, and occurs in the posttransplant period. The authors may want to test urine sediment, urine, and blood levels of antithrombin III. Treatment with warfarin sodium would not be indicated
Cost-effectiveness of annual versus biennial screening mammography for women with high mammographic breast density

Objectives The sensitivity of screening mammography is much lower among women who have dense breast tissue, compared with women who have largely fatty breasts, and they are also at much higher risk of developing the disease. Increasing mammography screening frequency from biennially to annually has been suggested as a policy option to address the elevated risk in this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of annual versus biennial screening mammography among women aged 50–79 with dense breast tissue. Methods A Markov model was constructed based on screening, diagnostic, and treatment pathways for the population-based screening and cancer care programme in British Columbia, Canada. Model probabilities and screening costs were calculated from screening programme data. Costs for breast cancer treatment were calculated from treatment data, and utility values were obtained from the literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness was expressed as cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY), and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results Compared with biennial screening, annual screening generated an additional 0.0014 QALYs (95% CI: −0.0480–0.0359) at a cost of $819 ($ = Canadian dollars) per patient (95% CI: 506–1185), resulting in an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of $565,912/QALY. Annual screening had a 37.5% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Conclusion There is considerable uncertainty about the incremental cost-effectiveness of annual mammography. Further research on the comparative effectiveness of screening strategies for women with high mammographic breast density is warranted, particularly as digital mammography and density measurement become more widespread, before cost-effectiveness can be reevaluated.
Comparison of Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Materials at High Temperature

In order to accurately design magnetic devices that are used at high temperature, it is necessary to understand the behavior of several magnetic materials at high temperature. However, the precise measurement of magnetic properties at around Curie temperature is difficult, because the permeability is near to that of air and the preparation of measuring setup having an insulation which can be used at around 800°C is not easy. In this paper, the magnetic properties of several magnetic materials until Curie temperature are measured. It is shown that the change of iron loss of cold rolled steel sheet SPCC with the temperature is more remarkable than that of electrical steel sheet.
Prevalence of Enterotoxin Genes in Poultry Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunist that can cause superficial to life-threatening illnesses in humans and a variety of animal species. Staphylococcal enterotoxin has an important role in food poisoning in human. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is the most commonly reported enterotoxin in staphylococcal food poisoning. This study revealed the presence of enterotoxin (like) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, selj, selk, sell, selm, seln, selo, selp, selq and selu) in 100 poultry S. aureus isolates that were collected from 165 healthy flocks immediately before slaughtered in slaughter houses from Iran and Belgium. All the isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus by standard biochemical and molecular test. Ten out of 100 isolates were confirmed as MRSA belonging to the animal-associated clone ST398. 25 of the isolates carried sea. Fifty seven percent of the isolates were positive for the five staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, seg, sei, selm, seln and selo (egc cluster). All isolates were negative for other genes that we have screened in this study. All MRSA isolates were negative for all the genes. Our data indicated that poultry S. aureus isolates can possess superantigen genes and consumption of the contaminated carcasses with these bacteria may be induce food poisoning in humans. In comparison, no relevant significant differences between the frequency of the genes encoding entrotoxins in the groups of S. aureus isolates from Iran and Belgium could be found.
Lithic Procurement in Central Australia: A Closer Look at Binford's Idea of Embeddedness in Archaeology

Field surveys of lithic sites in Central Australia and experimental tests of materials from these sites permit evaluation of Binford's (1979) concept of embeddedness. While basically agreeing with Binford's view that raw material procurement by mobile hunter-gatherers occurred incidentally in relation to other subsistence activities, our results indicate that Binford's argument cannot account for patterning in raw material procurement based on the utilitarian properties of the materials themselves. In dealing with questions of raw material procurement, we propose that controlled efforts be made to evaluate the technological characteristics of materials vis-a-vis the mechanical forces involved in their known or presumed uses before assuming the degree to which their procurement was structured by subsistence factors.
Discussing sexuality with cancer patients: oncology nurses attitudes and views.

BACKGROUND Sexual health and function frequently are overlooked by healthcare professionals despite being identified as an essential aspect of patient care. Patients with cancer have identified sexuality issues as being of equal importance to other quality-of-life issues. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the views and attitudes of oncology nurses caring for cancer patients regarding sexual counseling. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the web site of the Turkish Oncology Nurses Association. With the participation of 87 nurses from oncology departments, the study determined that most nurses do not evaluate and counsel patients regarding their sexual problems and many difficulties prevent them from focussing on sexual health. The most important reasons for ignoring sexual counseling were the absence of routine regarding sexual counseling in oncology departments, the belief that the patient may become ashamed and the nurses' self-evaluation that they have insufficient skills and education to counsel in this subject. CONCLUSIONS The most important variables in sexual evaluation and counseling are long years of service in the profession and a postgraduate degree.
Physiological Traits for Improving Heat Tolerance in Wheat1[W]

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) represents about 30% of the world’s cereal area, with over 220 million ha cultivated worldwide, often under abiotic stress. Wheat growth can be impaired by heat stress ([HS][1]) at any developmental stage, and modeling scenarios predict even warmer temperatures in the
High dose dexamethasone increases circulating P-selectin and von Willebrand factor levels in healthy men

Summary Although glucocorticoids are widely used in a number of inflammatory disorders associated with endothelial and platelet activation, their effect on the endothelium and platelets in humans remain poorly defined. Hence, we measured changes of a specific endothelial cell marker (von Willebrand factor [vWF]) and of a platelet marker (soluble P-selectin) by infusing therapeutic doses of dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg b.i.d on two days) or placebo into nine healthy men. Venous citrated plasma was obtained before infusion, and at 24 and 48 h. Compared to baseline levels, we found increased levels of vWF at both time points at the higher dose (p=0.011). Plasma levels of sP-selectin rose at 48 h after the high dose (p=0.017). Human umbilical endothelial cells were cultured in the presence or absence of de-xamethasone (0, 0.01, 1 μM), to determine the possible mechanism for the increase in vWF. The vWF-mRNA levels as quantified by RT-PCR increased 2-fold (p<0.05), and the vWF-concentrations in cell lysates increased by 38% (p<0.05), whereas the vWF-concentrations in the supernatants were unaffected. In summary, high dose DEXA increases sP-selectin and vWF. The probable underlying mechanism for the latter was a DEXA induced up-regulation of vWF-mRNA transcription. Together, this indicates that high dose glucocorticoids may enhance haemostasis, which could be beneficial under certain conditions, but which may also contribute to adverse vascular events by increasing platelet activation and vWF dependent thrombosis.
Stability of the WISC-R for 9-Year-Olds with Learning Difficulties

The WISC-R was administered to 30 urban public school 9-yr. -olds twice at one-day intervals by the same white examiner. Children were of low income and had been referred for learning problems. Correlations between the first and second administrations were for Verbal IQ . 83, for Performance IQ . 84, and for Full Scale IQ . 85. Stability coefficients for the subtest scaled scores ranged from . 22 on Comprehension to . 86 on Block Design.
Treatment of stress response during balanced anesthesia. Comparative effects of isoflurane, alfentanil, and trimethaphan.

Acute hypertensive responses during nitrous oxide-opioid-relaxant anesthesia are a common clinical problem. In adult men undergoing radical prostatectomy procedures and anesthetized with a standardized technique, we evaluated the effectiveness of alfentanil, isoflurane, and trimethaphan in treating acute hemodynamic and stress hormone responses to surgical stimulation. Stress hormone concentrations were measured 1 min before skin incision, after the onset of an acute hypertensive response, and after returning the mean arterial pressure to within 10% of the preincision values with one of the three treatment modalities. Pretreatment plasma alfentanil concentrations (151 +/- 47 to 156 +/- 47 ng.ml-1) and end-tidal nitrous oxide concentrations (66 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 2%) were similar in all three groups. Acute hypertensive events were associated with significantly increased concentrations of catecholamines and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]). Whereas intravenous alfentanil returned all hormone concentrations to preincision values, norepinephrine and glucose concentrations were significantly increased after adjunctive isoflurane administration. Although trimethaphan decreased the norepinephrine concentration, the epinephrine, beta-endorphin, cortisol, ADH, and glucose concentrations were significantly increased compared to preincision values. However, the persistent elevation in the posttreatment ADH concentration in the trimethaphan group was the only significant difference between the three groups. Mean (+/- standard deviation) times to awakening (2.8 +/- 3.3 to 3.8 +/- 4.2 min), extubation (8.1 +/- 4.8 to 10.3 +/- 8.5 min), and orientation (19.6 +/- 20.4 to 24.6 +/- 19.1 min) were similar in all three groups. Naloxone was required more frequently in patients in the alfentanil (35%) and isoflurane (24%) groups than in the trimethaphan group (4%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)