Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas

Abstract Introduction Formula One returned to the United States on November 16-18, 2012, with the inaugural United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Medical preparedness for motorsports events represents a unique challenge due to the potential for a high number of spectators seeking medical attention, and the possibility for a mass-casualty situation. Adequate preparation requires close collaboration across public safety agencies and hospital networks to minimize impact on Emergency Medical Services (EMS) resources. Hypothesis/Problem To report the details of preparation for an inaugural mass-gathering motorsports event, and to describe the details of the medical care rendered during the 3-day event. Methods A retrospective analysis was completed utilizing postevent summaries, provided by the medical planning committee, by the Federation Internationale de L'Automobile (FIA), and Austin Travis County Emergency Medical Services (ATCEMS). Patient data were collected from standardized patient care records for descriptive analysis. Medical usage rates (MURs) are reported as a rate of patients per 10,000 (PPTT) participants. Results A total of 566 patients received medical care over the 3-day period with the on-site care rate of 95%. Overall, MUR was 21.3 PPTT attendees. Most patients had minor problems, and there were no driver injuries or deaths. Conclusion This mass-gathering motorsport event had a moderate number of patients requiring medical attention. The preparedness plan was implemented successfully with minimal impact on EMS resources and local medical facilities. This medical preparedness plan may serve as a model to other cities preparing for an inaugural motorsports event. SabraJP, CabañasJG, BedollaJ, BorgmannS, HawleyJ, CravenK, BrownC, ZiebellC, OlveyS. Medical support at a large-scale motorsports mass-gathering event: the inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-7 .
Metformin as adjunct antituberculosis therapy

Metformin can be repurposed as host-directed therapy for tuberculosis. Diabetes Drug Treats TB The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has led to a paradigm shift in the search for new drugs. Rather than targeting the bacterium, researchers are trying to augment the host response. Now, Singhal et al. report that the FDA-approved drug metformin, which is currently used to treat type 2 diabetes, can improve the immune response to Mtb infection. They show in vitro and in vivo in Mtb-infected mice that metformin can control the growth of Mtb by enhancing the specific immune response. Indeed, in human diabetic patients infected with Mtb, metformin treatment was associated with improved control and decreased disease severity. These data suggest that metformin could be used as adjuvant therapy to treat Mtb infection. The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality remains immense. A potential new approach to TB therapy is to augment protective host immune responses. We report that the antidiabetic drug metformin (MET) reduces the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in an AMPK (adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase)–dependent manner. MET controls the growth of drug-resistant Mtb strains, increases production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and facilitates phagosome-lysosome fusion. In Mtb-infected mice, use of MET ameliorated lung pathology, reduced chronic inflammation, and enhanced the specific immune response and the efficacy of conventional TB drugs. Moreover, in two separate human cohorts, MET treatment was associated with improved control of Mtb infection and decreased disease severity. Collectively, these data indicate that MET is a promising candidate host-adjunctive therapy for improving the effective treatment of TB.
In Their Own Words: Coping Processes Among Women Aging with Multiple Sclerosis

SUMMARY People with multiple sclerosis (MS) employ a variety of coping mechanisms throughout the process of managing their disease. This study describes the coping processes used by women aging with MS. Participants in the study included 23 women living in the Chicago area aged 55 years or older and diagnosed with MS for a minimum of 15 years. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews. Findings suggest that participants who reported integrating MS into their lives, had confidence in their abilities to cope with stress, and had a positive outlook on life appeared to employ action-oriented strategies to cope with their disease. Findings from the study offer ideas and direction for occupational therapy interventions for women aging with multiple sclerosis.
The behaviour of Dasyuroides byrnei (Marsupialia) in captivity.

Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten des Beuteltiers Dasyuroides byrnei in Gefangenschaft wurde untersucht. Dasyuroides ist nachtaktiv und verbirgt sich tagsuber in einem Bau oder Schlupfwinkel. Korperhaltung, Fortbewegungsarten, Hohlengraben, Beutefang und andere Verhaltensweisen sind beschrieben. Das Duftmarkieren hat Mitteilungswert. Beide Geschlechter setzen Duftstoff ab, indem sie ihre Sternaldrusen und Kloakengegend an Gegenstanden reiben. Freundschaftliche, kampferische, sexuelle und mutterliche Verhaltensweisen werden beschrieben. Dasyuroides scheint kein geselliges Tier zu sein; Angriffe gegen Artgenossen fuhren selten zu Verletzungen, weil das Angriffsverhalten stark stilisiert ist. Wachstum und Entwicklung der Jungen wurden verfolgt. Die durchschnittliche Wurfgrose betragt funf oder sechs; die Jungen bleiben an den Zitzen des ♀ bis zum 56. Lebenstag. Mit 100 Tagen konnen sie entwohnt werden. Das Verhalten dieser Art wird mit anderen Arten der Familie Dasyuridae verglichen, auch mit Plazentaliern.
Neutrophilic defensins penetrate the blood‐brain barrier

Defensins are small, cationic, cyclic peptides that are abundantly stored in granules of neutrophils. Defensins non‐specifically interact with membranes by forming weakly ion‐selective pores. Here we demonstrate immunolocalization of defensin‐secreting cells in human brain. Defensins, secreted by activated granulocytes, apparently are not prevented by the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) from diffusing across cerebral endothelium to penetrate the neuropil for a considerable distance from the granulocyte. This is in contrast to other neutrophil proteins like the granuleassociated enzyme elastase or the cytosolic protein MRP‐14, which are strictly localized to the cytoplasm or granules of neutrophils. Thus, defensins, known chemokinetic and chemotactic molecules, display a unique distribution at BBB sites. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar carcinoma in Stockholm, Sweden: An epidemic of viral‐induced carcinoma?

In the county of Stockholm, between 1970 and 2002, we have previously reported a 3‐fold parallel increase in the incidence of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the proportion of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar SCC. Here, we have followed the above parameters in all patients (n = 120) diagnosed with tonsillar SCC during 2003–2007 in the same area, and also in correlation to our previous data. Ninety‐eight pretreatment biopsies were available and presence of HPV DNA and HPV‐16 E6 and E7 RNA were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RT‐PCR. Incidence data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Data reported from 1970 to 2002 were also obtained for comparison. HPV DNA was present in 83 of 98 (85%) of the tonsillar SCC biopsies from 2003 to 2007 and 77 of these were HPV‐16 positive. HPV‐16 E6 and E7 RNA were found in 98% of 52 analyzed HPV‐16 positive cases. The proportion of HPV‐positive cancers had significantly increased both from 1970 to 2007 (p < 0.0001) as well from 2000 to 2007 (p < 0.01), with 68% (95% confidence interval (CI), 53–81) 2000–2002; 77% (95% CI, 63–87) 2003–2005; and 93% (95% CI, 82–99) 2006–2007. The incidence rate of HPV‐positive tumors almost doubled each decade between 1970 and 2007, in parallel with a decline of HPV‐negative tumors. In conclusion, the incidence of HPV‐positive cancers is still increasing in the County of Stockholm, suggesting an epidemic of a virus‐induced carcinoma, with soon practically all tonsillar SCC being HPV positive, as in cervical cancer. © 2009 UICC
Field-Dependent Measurement of GaAs Composition by Atom Probe Tomography

Abstract The composition of GaAs measured by laser-assisted atom probe tomography may be inaccurate depending on the experimental conditions. In this work, we assess the role of the DC field and the impinging laser energy on such compositional bias. The DC field is found to have a major influence, while the laser energy has a weaker one within the range of parameters explored. The atomic fraction of Ga may vary from 0.55 at low-field conditions to 0.35 at high field. These results have been interpreted in terms of preferential evaporation of Ga at high field. The deficit of As is most likely explained by the formation of neutral As complexes either by direct ejection from the tip surface or upon the dissociation of large clusters. The study of multiple detection events supports this interpretation.
Censoring Lolita's sense of humor: when translation affects the audience's perception

There are numerous reasons for taking an academic interest in both Nabokov's (1955/2000) novel, Lolita, and Kubrick's (1962) film adaptation. Not least of these is their work per se, its quality (in both senses of the word) despite any controversy due to the theme chosen. Both works are growing in prestige. These artists have a knack for provocation, wittingly or unwittingly is beside the point, but provocation alone is surely not enough for them to emerge as giants of literature and filmmaking. The point of interest for the present study is the humorous nature of their work, and how that relates back to the nature of humor, and how all of this is relevant to translation studies, as illustrated in a handful of examples. A useful measure for this quest is Adrian Lyne's (1997) film, claiming as it does to be a more faithful rendering of the book than Kubrick's. Kubrick and Lyne coincide in much of Nabokov's novel, but only Kubrick's is (classified as) comedy. All other things being equal, by and large, this provides insight into the nature of humor (in comedy) and the benefits of translating it comically, to fit the genre of comedy, and as an element of other texts. We also find that sex and taboo are alluded to by Kubrick in words and images, whereas Lyne is more visually explicit. The aim is to show a case study of how censorship, taboo and ideological misconceptions of an author's work can affect its perception by the public, so that it becomes unclear whether popular images of Lolita as a fictional character are a cause or a consequence of certain translations and new film versions such as Adrian Lyne's.
Perfusion flow rate substantially contributes to the performance of the HepaRG‐AMC‐bioartificial liver

Bioartificial livers (BALs) are bioreactors containing liver cells that provide extracorporeal liver support to liver‐failure patients. Theoretically, the plasma perfusion flow rate through a BAL is an important determinant of its functionality. Low flow rates can limit functionality due to limited substrate availability, and high flow rates can induce cell damage. This hypothesis was tested by perfusing the AMC‐BAL loaded with the liver cell line HepaRG at four different medium flow rates (0.3, 1.5, 5, and 10 mL/min). Hepatic functions ammonia elimination, urea production, lactate consumption, and 6β‐hydroxylation of testosterone showed 2–20‐fold higher rates at 5 mL/min compared to 0.3 mL/min, while cell damage remained stable. However, at 10 mL/min cell damage was twofold higher, and maximal hepatic functionality was not changed, except for an increase in lactate elimination. On the other hand, only a low flow rate of 0.3 mL/min allowed for an accurate measurement of the ammonia and lactate mass balance across the bioreactor, which is useful for monitoring the BAL's condition during treatment. These results show that (1) the functionality of a BAL highly depends on the perfusion rate; (2) there is a universal optimal flow rate based on various function and cell damage parameters (5 mL/min for HepaRG‐BAL); and (3) in the current set‐up the mass balance of substrate, metabolite, or cell damage markers between in‐and out‐flow of the bioreactor can only be determined at a suboptimal, low, perfusion rate (0.3 mL/min for HepaRG‐BAL). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 3182–3188. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coping-Infused Dialogue through Patient-Preferred Live Music: A Medical Music Therapy Protocol and Randomized Pilot Study for Hospitalized Organ Transplant Patients.

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant patients often experience a variety of psychosocial stressors that can lead to distress and may hinder successful recovery. Using coping-infused dialogue (CID) through patient- preferred live music (PPLM) music therapy sessions may improve mood and decrease pain while also imparting psychoeducational knowledge concerning the identification of local and global problems and coping skills. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a coping-based medical music therapy protocol that combines coping-infused dialogue (CID) with patient-preferred live music (PPLM) and measure the effects of the resulting CID-PPLM protocol on mood (positive and negative affect) and pain in hospitalized transplant patients. METHODS Our study used a pre-/posttest single-session wait-list control design. Participants (N=25) were randomly assigned to experimental (CID-PPLM) or control (usual care) conditions. Participants in the CID-PPLM condition received a single 30-minute session that integrated stressor identification and knowledge of coping skills (CID) with patient-preferred live music (PPLM). RESULTS Results indicated no between-group differences at pretest and significant correlations between pre- and posttest measures. Concerning posttest ANCOVA analyses, there were significant between-group differences in positive affect, negative affect, and pain, with experimental participants having more favorable posttest scores than control participants. Effect sizes were in the medium-to-large range for positive affect (η2=.198), negative affect (η2=.422), and pain (η2=.303). CONCLUSIONS CID through receptive PPLM may be an effective protocol for improving mood and decreasing pain in organ transplant recipients. MT interventions can be an important tool to develop rapport and enhance outcomes with patients. As greater engagement during interventions may have stronger treatment effects, we recommend future research examining patient engagement as a potential mediator of intervention effects, as well as the number of sessions required to maximize clinical outcomes.
Basal temporal language area demonstrated by electrical stimulation

We report on a 38-year-old patient with intractable complex partial seizures originating in the dominant left medial temporal region. In the work-up for seizure surgery, arrays of subdural electrodes were placed, and electrical stimulation revealed marked language interference in a 2 X 2-cm area in the left basal temporal fusiform gyrus (3.5 to 5.5 cm posterior to the temporal tip). Complete receptive and expressive aphasia, inability to repeat, agraphia, and alexia were elicited, but visual memory was preserved, and no constructional apraxia was noted. Stimulation of the basal temporal gyrus at lower stimulus intensities produced a relatively selective and severe anomia.
POLYNUCLEOTIDES VERSUS SODIUM HYALURONATE IN THE LOCAL TREATMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

We conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical trial to assess the efficacy of intra-articular injections of polynucleotides versus hyaluronan in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. The 30 patients enrolled were randomized in two groups and received 3 intra-articula r knee injections at 1 week intervals with either polynucleotides (Condrotide TM , n=15) or hyaluronan (Synocrom®, n=15). The patients were followed for 3 months after the end of treatment, with clinical evaluation before administering the first injection and then at 4, 8 and 16 weeks afterward. We used the Visual Analog Scale for pain assessment and calculated the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and Knee Society Scores (knee and functional). We found a statistically significant decrease of pain levels in both groups, with Knee Society Scores showing a statistically significant improvement only in the polynucleotide group. We concluded that the use of polynucleotid e injections in the treatment of knee arthritis is a viable option in symptomatic cases. Cuvinte cheie: polinucleotide, gonartroză, hialuronat de sodiu, intra- articular Rezumat: In acest studiu clinic randomizat, dublu-orb, am evaluat comparativ eficacitatea injecţiilor intra-articulare cu polinucleotide și hialuronat de sodiu la pacienţi cu gonartroză decompensată algic. Am randomizat 30 de pacienţi in 2 loturi de câte 15, care au beneficiat de 3 infiltraţii intra-articulare la nivelul genunchiului, la intervale de 1 s ăptămână, cu polinucleotide (Condrotide TM - n= 15) sau hialuronat de sodiu (Synocrom® - n= 15). Perioada de urm ărire a fost de 3 luni după finalizarea tratamentului. Pentru evaluare am folosit Scala Analog Vizuală pentru durere, scorul Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score si scorurile de genunchi si func ţional Knee Society Score inaintea administrării primei infiltraţii, si apoi la 4, 8 si 16 săptămâni. Nivelul durerii s-a imbunătăţit statistic semnificativ la ambele loturi, in timp ce valorile scorurilor KSS au prezentat o imbun ătățire semnificativă doar la lotul tratat cu polinucleotid e. Am concluzionat c ă injecțiile intra-articulare cu polinucleotide reprezintă o alternativă viabilă in tratamentul gonartrozei.
Covariates of cannabis use progression in a representative population sample of adolescents: a prospective examination of vulnerability and risk factors.

UNLABELLED AIMS/DESIGN: This study reports findings concerning risk factors for first, "repeated" and "regular" use of cannabis in respondents (N = 1228) who were aged 14-17 years at the outset (i.e. at "baseline") as part of a longitudinal prospective community study (EDSP). Risk factors were assessed at baseline or by separate interviews with the respondents' parents. Cumulative life-time cannabis use was the main outcome measure in this study--assessed by information from both the baseline and the follow-up investigation at an average of 19.7 months later. A cumulative logistic regression model was used to estimate associations. FINDINGS Using seven of a total of 25 variables examined, the final model classified 72.1% of respondents correctly. Family history of substance use disorders, self-esteem and competence, unconditional commitment to not using drugs, immediate availability of drugs, peer group drug use and previous history of nicotine dependence and alcohol use disorders all contributed significantly to the final model, predicting the progression to cannabis use from "no use", to "one time only", "repeated use", and "regular use". CONCLUSION In addition to well-documented risk factors such as peer group pressure, availability, low self-esteem and competence, findings suggest that family history and prior experiences with legal drugs play a significant role in the early development of cannabis consumption in teenagers.
Short communication Genetic diversity of recent bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from the southeast of Austria (Styria)

To characterise the bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates circulating in the southeastern region of Austria, namely in the province of Styria, 71 blood samples collected between 1998 and 2000 from persistently infected cattle in 62 herds were subjected to genetic typing. For this, 288 bp fragments from the 5 0 untranslated region (5 0 -UTR) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription (RT-PCR). The products were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. Seventy virus isolates were typed as BVDV species 1 (BVDV-1). Only one isolate was typed as BVDV species 2 (BVDV-2), representing the first isolate of this pestivirus genotype found in Austria. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed that viruses belonging to five genetic groups within BVDV-1 are circulating in Styria. Most viruses (53) were found in group BVDV-1f, nine viruses in BVDV-1h, four viruses in BVDV-1b, three viruses in BVDV-1d and one virus in BVDV-1g. No virus was found in genetic group BVDV-1a, which is dominant in the UK and widely distributed in USA. Likewise, the BVDV isolates predominating in a neighbouring country, namely Germany, belonged to different genogroups than those circulating in Styria. We conclude that in a particular region and environment certain BVDV-1 genetic groups predominate. New groups, including BVDV2, can be introduced, e.g. by trade of animals. The low incidence of BVDV-2 in Styria is in concert with the sporadic occurrence of these viruses in other regions of Europe. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Can mesenchymal stem cells reduce vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra to oxidative insult in individuals at risk to Parkinson's disease?

PD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by the selective loss of DA (dopaminergic) neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain region, but not in the ventral tegmental area and other catecholaminergic cell group areas. The aetiology of PD is attributed both to environmental and genetic causes, and certain population of individuals may be classified as at risk of developing PD later in life. However, there are as yet no therapy regimens that can help to delay or prevent the onset of the disease to realize long‐term benefits from this early diagnosis. In PD, a vicious cycle gets initiated in the substantia nigra, because of which susceptible neurons continue to degenerate whereas damaged neurons do not get enough support for regeneration. This happens primarily because of the local environment of oxidative damage brought about by the dual presence of dopamine and high levels of iron, decline in cellular detoxification systems and low density of glial cells surrounding the DA neurons in the mesencephalic region. To enhance the defence mechanism of the substantia nigra in this situation, it is necessary to combat the oxidative insult while providing trophic factors for the survival and regeneration of the damaged neurons. In light of in vitro and in vivo studies, MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) as candidates for cell‐based therapies in PD have greater scope than as mere replacement of cell type, since they can be used as a cellular system for the detoxification of ROS (reactive oxygen species) as well as a supplier of neurotrophic factors to modulate the local environment. Building on progress in unravelling the multipronged effect of MSCs, we therefore hypothesize that MSCs could be used as a prophylactic strategy to delay or prevent the onset of PD in at‐risk individuals, and to slow down the progression of the disease.