Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Income Urban Filipino Mothers’ Experiences With Community Violence

Community violence exposure has profound implications for individuals’ psychological well-being, and yet, little is known about its effects on parents residing in high-risk neighborhoods. Using qualitative interviews with 20 mothers living in informal settlement areas in the Philippines, this study examined (a) the parenting strategies that mothers use in response to community violence and (b) the protective factors that enhance their well-being. Content analyses revealed that the most frequently endorsed parenting strategies were giving reprimands and advice (pinagsasabihan at pinangangaralan) and monitoring and prohibition (pagsubaybay at pagbabawal). To protect their well-being, the mothers most frequently mentioned relying on prayers and faith to cope and make sense of community violence. The findings highlight Filipino mothers’ use of active and resourceful parenting strategies, the constructive function of religion and faith in low-income Filipino mothers’ experiences, and mutual support among family and community members as protective factors. Implications include incorporating religion and faith in local resilience frameworks, including the family and community in interventions, and equal attention on policies aimed at fostering resilience and reducing poverty.
Ethnicity and peripheral arterial disease.

INTRODUCTION the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is relatively well defined for the Caucasian population. Given the susceptibility of Asians and Afro-Caribbeans to coronary heart disease and stroke respectively, and the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in both groups, one would expect a high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. METHODS a search of MEDLINE (1966-2002) was undertaken for studies on the incidence and prevalence of PAD, abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and cerebrovascular disease in different ethnic groups. RESULTS there are very few population-based prevalence studies assessing PAD, AAA or cerebrovascular disease in non-Caucasians. A review of hospital-based series demonstrates different patterns of PAD between ethnic groups. Blacks and Asians have a tendency towards more distal occlusive disease and AAA appear to be predominantly a disease of Caucasians. It is not clear whether these studies provide a true representation of the prevalence of arterial disease in various ethnic groups or are the result of an unmet health care need. CONCLUSIONS further studies are required to establish the prevalence, natural history and response to treatment of PAD, AAA and cerebrovascular disease in non-Caucasians. Only when this has been achieved, can clinically and cost-effective health care be delivered to affected individuals from different ethnic groups.
Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 27 subjects suffering from tuberculous meningitis (TBM), 19 from bacterial meningitis, 10 from encephalitis, and 10 control subjects. The mean CSF ADA level was significantly raised (P < 0.001) in TBM patients as compared to other study groups. A cut-off CSF ADA level of > 5 IU/1 was considered for the diagnosis of TBM, and the test had sensitivity and specificity of 89 and 92 per cent, respectively. Overall, it was found to be a better test in comparison to any other single test for the diagnosis of TBM. Confirmed TBM patients had significantly higher CSF ADA activity when compared with clinical TBM (P < 0.01) and the levels did not differ significantly among different stages of disease. The ADA level in TBM cases had significant correlation with CSF cell count (P < 0.01), lymphocyte percentage (P < 0.02) and protein concentration (P < 0.02). Thus, the CSF ADA activity assay was found to be a simple, useful and rapid diagnostic test for the early recognition of TBM in children.
Color image encryption using chaotic maps, triangular scrambling, with DNA sequences

Applying security to the transmitted image is very important issues, because the transmission channel is open and can be compromised by attackers. To secure this channel from the eavesdropping attack, man in the middle attack, and so on. A new hybrid encryption image mechanism that utilize triangular scrambling, DNA encoding and chaotic map is implemented. The scheme takes a master key with a length of 320 bit, and produces a group of sub-keys with two length (32 and 128 bit) to encrypt the blocks of images, then a new triangular scrambling method is used to increase the security of the image. Many experiments are implemented using several different images. The analysis results for these experiments show that the security obtained on by using the proposed method is very suitable for securing the transmitted images. The current work has been compared with other works and the result of comparison shows that the current work is very strong against attacks.
A psycho-educational curriculum for sport career transition practitioners: development and evaluation

ABSTRACT Research question: This paper is an integration of three studies. Study 1 investigates sport career transition organisational intervention programmes for high-performance athletes and training and development programmes for sport career transition practitioners in order to find a research gap with regard to sport career transition supporting services. A psycho-educational curriculum was developed for sport career transition practitioner in Study 2 to fill the research gap. In Study 3, the curriculum was examined to see if the curriculum contributed to enhancing practitioners’ confidence in key competences. Research methods: A range of methods were applied to the studies including One Group Pre- and Post-test design, Case Study, Focus Group, Semi-Structured Interview, two-round Delphi-Method, and Questionnaires. The data for Study 1 collected from 19 countries worldwide and total 16 participants based in seven different countries were invited to development and evaluation of the curriculum. Results and Findings: A novel psycho-educational curriculum for sport career transition practitioner was developed and evaluated concerning four competences as a form of curriculum package. The findings revealed that the curriculum package increased the participants’ confidence in key competences concerning sport career transition. Implications: The findings deepen the knowledge of sport career transition in the areas of organisational intervention programmes focusing on high-performance athletes and sport career transition practitioners. These findings contribute to modifying the Conceptual Model of Adaptation to Career Transition [Lavallee, D. , Park, S. , & Taylor, J. (2014). Career transition among athletes: Is there life after sports? In J. Williams & V. Krane (Eds.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (pp. 490–509). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill] by strengthening the organisational intervention perspective and applied work in respect of sporting organisation management strategies.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth, Income Distribution and Environmental Quality: The Comparative Analysis between France and South Korea

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness (TO) on three main pillars of sustainable development (SD) consists of growth, income distribution, and environmental quality, for two selected countries which are South Korea and France. The observation of this study is based on annual data covering the period from 1980 to 2014. All the three proposed model are analyzed by using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique.The long run elasticities of ARDL model indicated that FDI inflows have led to higher growth and lower pollution level for South Korea, but have widened the income inequality in this country. The TO, on the other hand, has improved the income distribution but failed to have any significant effect on growth and environmental quality. As for France, FDI inflows were found to reduce income equality but have no significant impact on growth and environmental quality. As for TO, it was found to have a positive influence on growth. South Korea could offer more attractive incentives to foreign investors to invest more in both agricultural and manufacturing sectors besides improving the trade policies in order to sustain economic growth. France on the other hand, should be more selective especially allowing foreign industries that use cleaner energy in their production. Besides, France could adopt stricter environmental strategies in their trade agreements with other countries in order to ensure better protection for the environment.
Structural comparison of dimeric Eg5, Neurospora kinesin (Nkin) and Ncd head–Nkin neck chimera with conventional kinesin

Cryo‐electron microscopy and 3D image reconstruction of microtubules saturated with kinesin dimers has shown one head bound to tubulin, the other free. The free head of rat kinesin sits on the top right of the bound head (with the microtubule oriented plus‐end upwards) in the presence of 5′‐adenylylimido‐diphosphate (AMPPNP) and on the top left in nucleotide‐free solutions. To understand the relevance of this movement, we investigated other dimeric plus‐end‐directed motors: Neurospora kinesin (Nkin); Eg5, a slow non‐processive kinesin; and a chimera of Ncd heads attached to Nkin necks. In the AMPPNP (ATP‐like) state, all dimers have the free head to the top right. In the absence of nucleotide, the free head of an Nkin dimer appears to occupy alternative positions to either side of the bound head. Despite having the Nkin neck, the free head of the chimera was only seen to the top right of the bound head. Eg5 also has the free head mostly to the top right. We suggest that processive movement may require kinesins to move their heads in alternative ways.
Verbal Fluency in Schizophrenia: Reduction in Semantic Store

Objective: This is a study of the word production of patients with schizophrenia using a semantic verbal fluency task to address the unresolved issue of retrieval or storage impairment. Method: Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia and 11 matched healthy subjects performed a semantic verbal fluency task on ‘food’, ‘animal’ and ‘transport’ categories in Cantonese for 3 minutes each on five separate trials. Results: Patients generated significantly fewer numbers of words compared with control on each trial. The estimated lexicon size of the patients was significantly smaller than that of the equivalent group. The amount of shared words and variable words generated in all five trials were reduced in the patient group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that poor verbal fluency in patients with schizophrenia may partly be attributable to reduction in semantic store. The importance of temporal lobe involvement on verbal fluency deficits needs to be emphasised as an integral part of the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia research.
What Can Alienation Theory Contribute to an Understanding of Social Inequalities in Health?

This article examines both the contribution and the limitations of research that has sought to develop a causal understanding of the psychosocial dimension of inequalities in health. The article seeks to revive interest in Marx's theory of alienation in developing the case for an alternative materialist conceptualization that is able to postulate the pathways from alienation as a psychosocial generative structure to social inequalities in health outcomes within late modern societies.
Electron and proton transport by NADPH oxidases DEMAUREX ,

The NADPH oxidase is the main weapon of phagocytic white blood cells that are the first line of defence of our body against invading pathogens, and patients lacking a functional oxidase suffer from severe and recurrent infections. The oxidase is a multisubunit enzyme complex that transports electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH to molecular oxygen in order to generate superoxide free radicals. Electron transport across the plasma membrane is electrogenic and is associated with the flux of protons through voltage-activated proton channels. Both proton and electron currents can be recorded with the patch-clamp technique, but whether the oxidase is a proton channel or a proton channel modulator remains controversial. Recently, we have used the inside-out configuration of the patch-clamp technique to record proton and electron currents in excised patches. This approach allows us to measure the oxidase activity under very controlled conditions, and has provided new information about the enzymatic activity of the oxidase and its coupling to proton channels. In this chapter I will discuss how the unique characteristics of the [. ] DEMAUREX, Nicolas, PETHEÖ, Gábor L. Electron and proton transport by NADPH oxidases. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences, 2005, vol. 360, no. 1464, p. 2315-25 DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2005. 1769
Market Quality around Macroeconomic News Announcements: Evidence from the US and Canadian Markets

We investigate changes in market quality in the United States and Canada during macroeconomic news announcements. We measure market quality in terms of the cost of trading, pricing errors, and returns dependence. Using a sample of cross-listed stocks and stock index futures, we provide robust evidence that market quality is higher in the United States than in Canada. We observe that, around announcement periods, transaction costs increase more in Canada than in the United States, suggesting that the US market offers better liquidity. More information is also incorporated into the US market. The pattern of intraday serial dependence in returns reveals that it takes investors about five minutes less to react to order imbalances in the United States than in Canada. The differences between the US and Canadian results using index futures are generally more significant than those based on cross-listed stocks, indicating that index futures are better than stocks at providing market-wide information.
Mammalian life-span determinant p66shcA mediates obesity-induced insulin resistance

Obesity and metabolic syndrome result from excess calorie intake and genetic predisposition and are mechanistically linked to type II diabetes and accelerated body aging; abnormal nutrient and insulin signaling participate in this pathologic process, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Mice lacking the p66 kDa isoform of the Shc adaptor molecule live longer and are leaner than wild-type animals, suggesting that this molecule may have a role in metabolic derangement and premature senescence by overnutrition. We found that p66 deficiency exerts a modest but significant protective effect on fat accumulation and premature death in lepOb/Ob mice, an established genetic model of obesity and insulin resistance; strikingly, however, p66 inactivation improved glucose tolerance in these animals, without affecting (hyper)insulinaemia and independent of body weight. Protection from insulin resistance was cell autonomous, because isolated p66KO preadipocytes were relatively resistant to insulin desensitization by free fatty acids in vitro. Biochemical studies revealed that p66shc promotes the signal-inhibitory phosphorylation of the major insulin transducer IRS-1, by bridging IRS-1 and the mTOR effector p70S6 kinase, a molecule previously linked to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Importantly, IRS-1 was strongly up-regulated in the adipose tissue of p66KO lepOb/Ob mice, confirming that effects of p66 on tissue responsiveness to insulin are largely mediated by this molecule. Taken together, these findings identify p66shc as a major mediator of insulin resistance by excess nutrients, and by extension, as a potential molecular target against the spreading epidemic of obesity and type II diabetes.
5-Deoxykaempferol Plays a Potential Therapeutic Role by Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Skin Cancer

Nontoxic small molecules with multitargeting effects are believed to have potential in cancer prevention. Dietary phytochemicals were shown to exhibit cancer-preventive effects attributed to their antioxidant capacities. In this report, we show that the natural compound 5-deoxykaempferol (5-DK) exerts a chemopreventive effect on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis by targeting multiple signaling molecules. 5-DK suppressed the UVB-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells. Moreover, 5-DK inhibited phosphorylation of MKK3/6, MKK4, and Akt, but had no effect on phosphorylation of Src, extracellular signal–regulated kinases, or ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). However, 5-DK affected multiple targets by reducing Src, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and RSK2 activities. In particular, pull-down assays revealed that 5-DK specifically bound to and competed with ATP for binding with Src, PI3K, and RSK2. Exposure to 5-DK significantly suppressed UVB-induced tumorigenesis in mouse skin in a dose-dependent manner, and it inhibited the UVB-induced expression of COX-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Our data suggest that 5-DK docks at the ATP-binding site of Src, PI3K, and RSK2. For RSK2, the ATP-binding site is located between the N- and C-lobes of the kinase domain. Taken together, our results indicate that 5-DK holds promise for the treatment of UVB-induced skin cancer by targeting Src, PI3K, and RSK2 signaling. Cancer Prev Res; 3(4); 454–65. ©2010 AACR.
A prospective surveillance of paediatric head injuries in Singapore: a dual-centre study

Objective To study the causes of head injuries among the paediatric population in Singapore, and the association between causes and mortality, as well as the need for airway or neurosurgical intervention. Design This is a prospective observational study utilising data from the trauma surveillance system from January 2011 to March 2015. Setting Paediatric emergency departments (EDs) of KK Women's and Children's Hospital and the National University Health System. Participants We included children aged <16 years presenting to the paediatric EDs with head injuries who required a CT scan, admission for monitoring of persistent symptoms, or who died from the head injury. We excluded children who presented with minor mechanisms and those whose symptoms had spontaneously resolved. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary composite outcome was defined as death or the need for intubation or neurosurgical intervention. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and type of neurosurgical intervention. Results We analysed 1049 children who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 6.7 (SD 5.2) years. 260 (24.8%) had a positive finding on CT. 17 (1.6%) children died, 52 (5.0%) required emergency intubation in the ED and 58 (5.5%) underwent neurosurgery. The main causes associated with severe outcomes were motor vehicle crashes (OR 7.2, 95% CI 4.3 to 12.0) and non-accidental trauma (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 18.6). This remained statistically significant when we stratified to children aged <2 years and performed a multivariable analysis adjusting for age and location of injury. For motor vehicle crashes, less than half of the children were using restraints. Conclusions Motor vehicle crashes and non-accidental trauma causes are particularly associated with poor outcomes among children with paediatric head injury. Continued vigilance and compliance with injury prevention initiatives and legislature are vital.
CDG Therapies: From Bench to Bedside

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of genetic disorders that affect protein and lipid glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. More than 100 different disorders have been reported and the number is rapidly increasing. Since glycosylation is an essential post-translational process, patients present a large range of symptoms and variable phenotypes, from very mild to extremely severe. Only for few CDG, potentially curative therapies are being used, including dietary supplementation (e.g., galactose for PGM1-CDG, fucose for SLC35C1-CDG, Mn2+ for TMEM165-CDG or mannose for MPI-CDG) and organ transplantation (e.g., liver for MPI-CDG and heart for DOLK-CDG). However, for the majority of patients, only symptomatic and preventive treatments are in use. This constitutes a burden for patients, care-givers and ultimately the healthcare system. Innovative diagnostic approaches, in vitro and in vivo models and novel biomarkers have been developed that can lead to novel therapeutic avenues aiming to ameliorate the patients’ symptoms and lives. This review summarizes the advances in therapeutic approaches for CDG.
Monitoring gene therapy with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in hepatoma cells: uptake of specific substrates.

UNLABELLED This study investigates the application of PET with specific substrates for the assessment of enzyme activity after transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene. METHODS After transfection of a rat hepatoma cell line with a retroviral vector containing the HSV-tk gene, different clones were established by G418 selection. Uptake measurements were performed up to 48 hr in a TK-expressing cell line and in a control cell line using thymidine (TdR; measured under therapy conditions), fluorodeoxycytidine (FdCyt) and ganciclovir (GCV). Additionally, bystander experiments and inhibition/competition studies were done. RESULTS In TK-expressing cells GCV treatment caused an increased (up to 250%) TdR uptake in the acid-soluble fraction and a decrease to 5.5% in the acid-insoluble fraction. The FdCyt uptake was higher in the TK-expressing cells than in controls with a maximum after 4 hr (12-fold and 3-fold higher in the acid-insoluble and acid-soluble fraction). GCV accumulated up to 180-fold more in the acid-insoluble and 26-fold more in the acid-soluble fraction. GCV uptake occurred mainly by the nucleoside transport systems. Bystander experiments revealed a relation between growth inhibition or GCV uptake and the amount of TK-expressing cells. GCV uptake and growth inhibition were correlated with r = 0.96. CONCLUSION Assessment of GCV accumulation may serve as an indicator of the enzyme activity and of therapy outcome. TdR may be useful to measure therapy effects on DNA synthesis, whereas the potential of FdCyt has to be investigated in further studies.
Interaction between cAMP elevation, identified growth factors, and serum components in regulating Schwann cell growth

Most previous studies on Schwann cell proliferation in vitro have used serum‐containing media. This complicates the analysis of agents required for cell division since serum contains an ill‐defined mixture of hormones and growth factors. Serum‐free medium has therefore been used to analyse the response of Schwann cell to previously identified Schwann cell mitogens.
Design of a uniform amplitude time modulated linear array with optimized time sequences

A novel approach to realize uniform amplitude time modulated linear arrays with both suppressed sidelobes and sidebands is proposed. The approach utilizes the direct optimization of the "switch-on" time sequence of each array element via the simple genetic algorithm (SGA). As compared to previous time modulated linear arrays, the new array has the advantages of having low sidelobe level (SLL), low sideband level (SBL) and uniform excitations simultaneously. Experimental results on an experimental prototype of a 16-element printed dipole linear array with the SGA optimized time sequences verified the approach.