Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activities between Fresh and Dry Mushrooms in the Genera Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus from Tanzania

Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying processes are not known. This study establishes their values and the effect of sun drying on their quality and quantity. Methanolic extracts of five Cantharellus and two Afrocantharellus species were investigated. The investigation used (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) DPPH as a substrate to determine radical scavenging abilities. Further quantitative analyses for carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolic compounds and vitamin C content were done using spectrophotometric assay at 515 nm. Comparatively, fresh mushroom had higher vitamin C and Lycopene contents than their dry counterparts with β-carotene. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds were higher in dry forms than those in their fresh counterparts. Radical scavenging ability also varied with fresh forms depicting higher activity compared to dry forms. The variation was low in Afrocantharellus species (0.8% and 0.99%) while it was higher in Cantharellus species (24.12% and 7.52%). The highest ability was observed in fresh forms of Cantharellus pseudocibarius (EC50 50 = 0.4 mg/ml) was from dry form of Cantharellus rufopunctatus. This shows that studied mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and their quality and quantities are affected differently in both forms. Both dry and fresh mushrooms are potential sources of natural antioxidants. The portrayed high scavenging ability by these mushrooms envisages promoting them into potential nutraceutics.
Levels of Expertise and Instructional Design

Cognitive load theory assumes that information should be structured to eliminate any avoidable load on working memory in order to enhance learning. We hypothesized that the appropriate type of structure may depend on the learner's level of expertise. Less expert learners using a diagram might require the diagram to be physically integrated with related text-based information in order to reduce cognitive load. However, the same diagram might be intelligible in isolation by more experienced learners, who might require the elimination of redundant text to reduce cognitive load. The results of three experiments indicated that as level of expertise increased, the best instructional designs changed from ones in which diagrams and text were physically integrated to ones in which the text was eliminated.
History as a family tree, history as an entangled bank: constructing images and interpretations of prehistory in the South Pacific

Twenty years' debate in English and Americanist circles about the fundamental aims of archaeology, and the methods that are to achieve them, has mostly been conducted in a framework of named schools – ‘new’, ‘processual’, and now also ‘postprocessual’ and ‘contextual’ – and in terms of their philosophical good standing (or lack of it). This paper addresses the fundamentals as they declare themselves in a different region, the Pacific, and sees that the heart of the matter lies more in the nature of history, the history of the Pacific itself, and the history of its study.
Dangerous Crossroads: Popular Music, Postmodernism, and the Poetics of Place.

In cities around the globe, immigrant populations are finding their identity by making music which combines their own experiences with the forms of mainstream culture they have come to inhabit. This book surveys a wide range of these musical fusions: Puerto Rican bugalu in New York; Algerian rai in Paris; Chicano punk in Los Angeles; indigenous rock in Australia; chanson Quebecois in Montreal; swamp pop in Houston and New Orleans; reggae, bhanra and juju in London; and zouk, rap and jazz in Europe, Africa and the Americas. Throughout, the text highlights the issues that unite inter-ethnic music fusions across geographic boundaries. It demonstrates that what might be interpreted as a postmodern process of meaningless juxtapositions of musical forms ripped from their original contexts may actually be a redeployment of tradional music to serve untraditional purposes. The book explores the ways in which ethnic difference in popular music enables musicians from aggrieved populations to enjoy the rewards of mainstream culture while boldly stating their divergence from it, and how it offers a utopian model of inter-cultural co-operation, at the same time making a spectacle out of ethnicity and reinforcing ethnic divisions. Some inter-ethnic music has become part of significant movements for social change. In other instances it has played a reactionary role. But in all the case studies in this book, inter-cultural fusion music displays the contours of ethnic anxiety in an age characterized by the rapid movement of people, capital and images across national borders.
LOAD-COMPENSATING REACTIONS IN THE PROXIMAL LEG JOINTS OF STICK INSECTS DURING STANDING AND WALKING

The responses of retractor coxae and protractor coxae motoneurones and of the retractor coxae muscle to cuticular stress applied to the leg were investigated in standing and walking stick insects, Carausius morosus. The coxa of a middle or hind leg was restrained and the trochanterofemur was bent by moving the distal tip of the femur anteriorly or posteriorly, i.e. perpendicular to its normal plane of movement. The maximum amplitude used was 200 micrometre, which corresponds to a deflection of 0.95°, and the forces necessary to bend the trochanterofemur were between 0.29 and 2.91 mN. Thus, cuticular stress could be applied in particular directions and with controlled amplitudes within the physiological range. This cuticular stress induced direction- and amplitude-dependent reflex responses in excitatory retractor coxae and protractor coxae motoneurones. The reflexes clearly constitute a negative feedback system which continuously compensates cuticular stress in the legs of standing and walking animals. Two groups of trochanteral campaniform sensilla, the posterior group and the anterior ventral group, were shown to underlie this feedback loop. These results prove directly for the first time the important function of single groups of trochanteral campaniform sensilla in the control of posture and locomotion in stick insects. I discuss the importance of these results for the interpretation of previous findings on stick insects subjected to increased load during walking.
Estimates of Mortality Benefit From Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics: A Dose Response Meta‐Analysis

Background Several studies have shown an inverse relationship between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and mortality. However, there are no studies that pool these data to show the shape of the relationship and quantify the mortality benefit from ideal CVH. Methods and Results We conducted a systematic internet literature search of multiple databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus for longitudinal studies assessing the relationship between ideal CVH and mortality in adults, published between January 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017. We included studies that assessed the relationship between ideal CVH and mortality in populations that were initially free of cardiovascular disease. We conducted a dose‐response meta‐analysis generating both study‐specific and pooled trends from the correlated log hazard ratio estimates of mortality across categories of ideal CVH metrics. A total of 6 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. All of the studies indicated a linear decrease in (cardiovascular disease and all‐cause) mortality with increasing ideal CVH metrics. Overall, each unit increase in CVH metrics was associated with a pooled hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease mortality of 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.87), while each unit increase in ideal CVH metrics was associated with a pooled hazard ratio of 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.93) for all‐cause mortality. Conclusions Our meta‐analysis showed a strong inverse linear dose‐response relationship between ideal CVH metrics and both all‐cause and cardiovascular disease–related mortality. This study suggests that even modest improvements in CVH is associated with substantial mortality benefit, thus providing a strong public health message advocating for even the smallest improvements in lifestyle.
A Histopathological Study of Granulomatous Inflammation

Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation that is encountered in a limited number of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Recognisation of granulomatous pattern and finding the etiology in a biopsy specimen is very important for specific treatment and outcome of the disease. We aimed at finding the etiology of all granulomatous lesions on tissue biopsy sent for histopathogical examination. A study was done at K S Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore from January 2009 to December 2010. All the cases which were diagnosed as granulomas on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were selected. Special stains like Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Gomori's Methenamine silver, PAS, Fite Faraco were done whenever required. We encountered 275 granulomatous lesions in our study. The most common sites were skin and subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, bones and joints. The commonest cause of granulomas was tuberculosis, followed by leprosy, foreign body granulomas, fungal infections, rhinoscleroma, parasites, tumor granulomas and actinomycosis. The morphological features and special staining helped us to find the specific etiology of granulomas in 253 cases whereas it could not be determined in 22 cases even after special stains. Thus we conclude that histopathological examination of granulomatous lesions helped us to find the exact etiology of granulomas in 92 % of cases. The correlation of histopathology with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) serological tests and culture correlation would have helped to find the specific etiology in the remainder of cases.
Inhibitory Effect of Cortisone Hyperlipemia on Arterial Lipid Deposition in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits.∗

Summary Administration of cortisone to rabbits caused hyperlipemia due chiefly to an increase of lipids other than cholesterol and phospholipid. Cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with cortisone developed severer degrees of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia than rabbits on cholesterol alone. The relative proportion of cholesterol in the serum lipids of cholesterol-fed rabbits on cortisone was less than in the serum lipids of rabbits on cholesterol alone. Significantly less lipid was deposited in the arteries of the cortisone-treated, cholesterol-fed animals than in the cholesterol-fed controls. It is suggested that hyperlipemias in which the lipid fractions other than cholesterol undergo the greatest increase, are less likely to be associated with arterial lipid deposition than hyperlipemic states in which cholesterol is the major constituent.
Human serum amyloid A (SAA): biosynthesis and postsynthetic processing of preSAA and structural variants defined by complementary DNA.

To study structural variants of human serum amyloid A (SAA), an apoprotein of high-density lipoprotein, complementary DNA clones were isolated from a human liver library with the use of two synthetic oligonucleotide mixtures containing sequences that could code for residues 33-38 and 90-95 of the protein sequence. The SAA-specific cDNA clone (pA1) contains the nucleotide sequence coding for the mature SAA and 10 amino acids of the 18-residue signal peptide. It also includes a 70 nucleotide long 3'-untranslated region and approximately 120 bases of the poly(A) tail. The derived amino acid sequence of pA1 is identical with the alpha form of apoSAA1. A fragment of pA1 containing the conserved (residues 33-38) region of SAA also hybridized with RNA from human acute phase liver and acute phase stimulated, but not unstimulated, mouse and rabbit liver. In contrast, a fragment corresponding to the variable region hybridized to a much greater extent with human than with rabbit or murine RNA. Human acute phase liver SAA mRNA (approximately 600 nucleotides in length) directs synthesis of preSAA (Mr 14 000) in a cell-free translating system. In a Xenopus oocyte translation system preSAA is synthesized and processed to the mature Mr 12 000 product. The complete 18 amino acid signal peptide sequence of preSAA was derived from sequencing cDNA synthesized by "primer extension" from the region of SAA mRNA corresponding to the amino terminus of the mature product. Two other SAA-specific cDNA clones (pA6 and pA10) differed from pA1 in that they lack the internal PstI restriction enzyme site spanning residues 54-56 of pA1. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ARCHON: An ANDSF-assisted energy-efficient vertical handover decision algorithm for the heterogeneous IEEE 802.11/LTE-advanced network

To address the challenging issues of energy-efficiency and seamless connectivity in heterogeneous networks, 3GPP and IEEE have recently incorporated several architectural and functional enhancements to the baseline operation of their standards for cellular and wireless local area network access, respectively. Based on the 3GPP Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) and the advanced measurement capabilities provided by the IEEE 802.11-2012 and the 3GPP Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) Standards, we propose an ANDSF-assisted energy-efficient vertical handover decision algorithm for the heterogeneous IEEE 802.11-2012 / LTE-A network. The proposed algorithm enables a multi-mode mobile terminal to select and associate with the network point of attachment that minimizes its average overall power consumption and guarantees a minimum supported quality of service for its ongoing connections. System-level simulation is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and compare it to that of other competing solutions.
The role of soluble and cell-surface expressed 4-1BB ligand in patients with malignant hemopoietic disorders

The TNFR family member 4-1BB and its ligand 4-1BBL are involved in the costimulation of T-cells and tumor-derived soluble (s)4-1BBL may influence the interaction of malignant cells with the immune system. Here, we report that cell-surface-expressed (c)4-1BBL can be expressed on mononuclear blood cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 35), myelodysplasia (n = 5) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 11) and can be coexpressed on varying proportions of lymphoid or myeloid malignant cells and on dendritic cells differentiated from AML-blasts. Direct correlations between c- and s4-1BBL were not found in the investigated cases. Up to now expression of 4-1BBL has not been described on primary myeloid malignant cells, but only on malignant cells of lymphoid or solid tumor origin or on tumor cell lines. With our work we further contribute to the understanding of the potential role of c/s4-1BBL in immune reactions and its influence on the interaction of tumor and immunoreactive cells.
Artificial Neural Networks Methods to Analysis of Ultrasonic Testing in Concrete

Different procedures are used for modeling the proc ess of converting data into information that try to emulate the human ability to reason. Artificial Neural Netw orks (ANN) is a new alternative, capable of solving complex problems using an “artificial reasoning sys tem” constructed with basis on the human brain. The se computational tools were inspired by the analysis o f the neural structure of intelligent organisms and use knowledge acquired through the analysis of previous experiences to develop correlations between known initial conditions and results. The basic idea is t o reproduce the vast array of relationships that ar e established between individual brain neurons, using different s ynaptic pathways to determine the output to a certa in stimulus. This work is based on the idea that ultra sonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests are a useful way t o determine the quality of concrete. The working hypo thesis of this research is that the process of anal yzi g ultrasonic test data for determining concrete condi tion can be facilitated and standardized using an A NN. The research aims to collect data from various types of concretes and use ANN to establish models that cor relate concrete properties and ultrasonic readings. The ma jor aim of the work is to test, explore and demonst rate the potential of ANN as an interesting tool for diagnos is, training and storage of non-structured knowledg e in the civil engineering field.
Multicontrast MRI of remyelination in the central nervous system

Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the most sensitive tool for the detection of white matter abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the heterogeneity of MS placques severely hampers the elucidation of specific pathophysiological processes. In order to identify putative MRI markers for de‐ and remyelination, we employed the cuprizone mouse model which leads to a selective and reversible demyelination of the corpus callosum with little or no axonal damage. Apart from histopathology, animals were studied with high‐resolution three‐dimensional MRI in vivo using multiple contrasts. While individual MRI findings significantly correlated with electron microscopy, the differentiation of regions with normal, demyelinated or remyelinated white matter by one contrast alone was less specific than by histology or electron microscopy. However, an accurate MRI prediction of the in vivo myelin status was achieved by a discriminant function analysis using a combination of T1, T2 and magnetization transfer contrast. With a correct assignment of 95% of all animals examined, the procedure will allow for the survey of new therapeutic approaches aiming at improved remyelination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salt Intake and Health Risk in Climate Change Vulnerable Coastal Bangladesh: What Role Do Beliefs and Practices Play?

Background High salt consumption is an important risk factor of elevated blood pressure. In Bangladesh about 20 million people are at high risk of hypertension due to climate change induced saline intrusion in water. The objective of this study is to assess beliefs, perceptions, and practices associated with salt consumption in coastal Bangladesh. Methods The study was conducted in Chakaria, Bangladesh between April-June 2011. It was a cross sectional mixed method study. For the qualitative study 6 focus group discussions, 8 key informant interviews, 60 free listing exercises, 20 ranking exercises and 10 observations were conducted. 400 adults were randomly selected for quantitative survey. For analysis we used SPSS for quantitative data, and Anthropac and Nvivo for qualitative data. Results Salt was described as an essential component of food with strong cultural and religious roots. People described both health benefits and risks related to salt intake. The overall risk perception regarding excessive salt consumption was low and respondents believed that the cooking process can render the salt harmless. Respondents were aware that salt is added in many foods even if they do not taste salty but did not recognize that salt can occur naturally in both foods and water. Conclusions In the study community people had low awareness of the risks associated with excess salt consumption and salt reduction strategies were not high in their agenda. The easy access to and low cost of salt as well as unrecognised presence of salt in drinking water has created an environment conducive to excess salt consumption. It is important to design general messages related to salt reduction and test tailored strategies especially for those at high risk of hypertension.
Posterior subcapsular cataracts and glaucoma associated with long-term oral corticosteroid therapy. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions.

Centrally placed opacities lying under the capsule at the posteriorpart of the lens-posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC)-have been reported in 12.5 to 6o per cent. (mean 36-7 per cent.) of patients receiving treatment with long-term oral corticosteroid therapy (Black, Oglesby, von Sallmann
A Pilot Study of the Use of Dexmedetomidine for the Control of Delirium by Reducing the Serum Concentrations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and S100B in Polytrauma Patients

Background: Delirium is very common among patients with polytrauma, although no suitable means exist to feasibly reduce the incidence and duration of delirium in these patients. Recent reports have suggested that continuous intravenous (IV) infusions of dexmedetomidine, rather than benzodiazepine, be administered for sedation to reduce the duration of delirium in this population. However, serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have not yet been investigated in polytrauma patients who received sedation with dexmedetomidine rather than other conventional sedatives. The aim of this study was to assess the association of blood BDNF, NSE, and S100B with the occurrence of delirium among polytrauma patients who had been sedated with dexmedetomidine. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment study groups, namely the “dexmedetomidine group” or the “common group. ” This case–control study included 18 patients with delirium and 34 matched controls in a 63-bed general intensive care unit (ICU). Blood samples were collected from all patients upon ICU admission, on the day when delirium was diagnosed, and on days 3 and 5 following diagnosis. The serum levels of S100B, BDNF, and NSE were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sedation levels and delirium were assessed using the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Results: The median BDNF, NSE, and S100B concentrations were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the common group on the day when delirium was diagnosed and on the third day after delirium was diagnosed. The rate of delirium was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the common group. There were clear differences in the BDNF, NSE, and S100B levels between the 2 groups on the fifth day after delirium was diagnosed. Conclusions: Our randomized controlled study suggests that the sedation of polytrauma patients with dexmedetomidine could help reduce the serum BDNF, S100B, and NSE levels, which appear to be associated with the occurrence of delirium in the dexmedetomidine group.