Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of rate and time of gain after weaning on the development of replacement beef heifers.

Three experiments were conducted during three consecutive years to compare rate and time of gain of weaned heifer calves on growth, reproductive development and future calf production. Three groups of Angus X Hereford heifers were fed in one of the following regimens from 45 d after weaning until breeding: (1) no gain the first one-half of the development period followed by . 91 kg x head-1 x d-1 gain the last one-half; (2) . 45 kg x head-1 x d-1 gain the entire trial and (3) . 91 kg x head-1 x d-1 the first one-half of the development period and no gain the last one-half. The same diet was fed to all heifers, but the intake was varied to meet weight gain requirements. Wither height and heart girth increased (P less than .05) during the periods the heifers were fed to gain weight. By the end of the feeding trials, there were not differences (P greater than .05) in any of the growth measures. There were no differences (P greater than .05) in age at puberty, conception rate or calf production the following year. Adequate growth and development of replacement heifers is necessary, but much latitude exists in the rate and time of growth between weaning and breeding.
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN RADIATION CHIMERAS

&NA; Various hemopoietic cell transfers from mouse radiation chimeras and from normal donors to irradiated recipients have been performed, and the reactivity of the spleen cells of the recipients against tissue antigens of both host type and of an unrelated type has been followed by means of the graft‐versus‐host assay in newborn mice. The state of specific tolerance to host‐type tissues which is known to occur in certain radiation chimeras was lost on transfer of the tolerant bone marrow to a second host of a different antigenic constitution, and in several combinations specific tolerance towards the new host subsequently developed. This procedure could be repeated with the same line of cells. When tolerant bone marrow or spleen from radiation chimeras was retransferred to irradiated recipients of the original bone marrow donor strain, the tolerance also disappeared rapidly. Only when a large number of lymph node cells was transferred with the bone marrow was a temporary persistence of the specific tolerance observed in the spleen cells of the new host. Attempts to transfer immunity to tissue antigens with bone marrow, spleen and smaller numbers of lymph node cells have thus far failed. It is concluded that “memory” for the tolerant state is a property of the population of lymphoid cells being transferred and that the expression of this memory is dependent on the relative sizes of the populations. The results emphasize that the antigenic composition of the milieu in which the hemopoietic graft proliferates is one of the most important factors to determine the eventual immunological reactivity of the cell population derived from the donor. Furthermore the possibility is considered that tolerant cells may be at a disadvantage compared to potentially reactive cells as regards the repopulation of a depleted host. The implications of these results for the clinical application of foreign bone marrow transplantation have been discussed briefly.
[Frequency of dizziness-related diagnoses and prescriptions in a general practice database].

INTRODUCTION Dizziness can be due to multiple causes. However, the aetiology often remains unclear. At the same time, there is a lack of evidence-based treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of dizziness-related diagnoses, referrals and prescriptions in a general practice database. METHODS Data from computerized patient records of 138 general practices participating in the MedViP project were used for cross-sectional analysis of the time period April 2001 until December 2002. The identification of dizzy patients was performed via ICD-10 diagnoses, free text fields and medication issued for dizziness. Frequencies were counted and odds ratios calculated to describe associations between diagnoses and medication. RESULTS For the period of investigation, 10,971 patients (from a total of 317,042 documented patients) were given at least one diagnosis of dizziness (prevalence 3.4%; mean age 59 years, 67.2% female). In 80.2% of the cases dizziness was coded as a symptom (R42) rather than a discrete disease. Prescriptions for dizziness were rather uncommon. An analysis of ATC codes showed that 6.6% of all affected patients were prescribed a specific drug for dizziness, most frequently betahistine. Antiemetics were prescribed in 7.1%, and the homeopathic preparation "Vertigoheel" in 2.8% of the dizzy patients. Betahistine was significantly more often prescribed for "unspecified" dizziness, vestibular neuritis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; but not for Meniere's disease. It was given less often in "other peripheral" and in central vertigo as well as in cases where the symptom was coded (R42). 3.9% of the dizzy patients had been referred to the neurologist (55.4%), ENT-specialist (30.5%) or to both specialists (14.1%). CONCLUSIONS The manner of coding and prescribing reflects both a symptom-orientated classification used by general practitioners and the limitation of treatment options.
Motor Unit Properties and Underlying Determinants in Pathological Tremor

Pathological tremors are accepted to originate from the projection of supraspinal pathological oscillations to motor neurons that innervate the affected muscles. These oscillations interact with other neural mechanisms such as reflexes, and, together with the mechanical properties of the limb, determine the characteristics of the tremor. However, much is yet unknown about the exact mechanisms that mediate the different types of tremor, and how they interact. Given that the neural drive to muscle encodes information about all pathways that regulate movement, we are investigating the properties of motor unit activities in tremor patients and the factors that determine them as a means to further our understanding of the disorder. This paper presents a simulation study that supports our departure hypothesis (that tremor is a common cortical projection to the motor neuron pool), and first experimental evidences on a patient with essential tremor. The latter illustrate that the predictions derived from the model provide significant support for the analysis of real data, and demonstrate the potential of the analysis techniques here employed.
Running Head : Evolution of NBS-LRR Genes in Angiosperms 1 2 For correspondence :

Running Head: Evolution of NBS-LRR Genes in Angiosperms 1 2 For correspondence: Jian-Qun Chen and Bin Wang, State Key Laboratory of 3 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 4 210023, China 5 Phone: 86-25-8968-1306; email: chenjq@nju.edu. cn and binwang@nju.edu. cn 6 7 Primary Research Area: Genes, Development and Evolution 8 9 Plant Physiology Preview. Published on February 2, 2016, as DOI:10.1104/pp.15. 01487
LCMP-00408-2003 . R 1 – FINAL ACCEPTED VERSION DISPARATE EFFECTS OF TWO PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BINDING PROTEINS , C-REACTIVE PROTEIN ( CRP ) AND SURFACTANT PROTEIN A ( SPA ) ON PULMONARY SURFACTANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

KAUSHIK NAG 1*, KARINA RODRIGUEZ-CAPOTE *, AMIYA KUMAR PANDA, LAURA FREDERICK , STEPHEN A. HEARN , NILS O. PETERSEN , SAMUEL SCHÜRCH and FRED POSSMAYER 1. 1 Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2 Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Fetal and Neonatal Health and Development, 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5A5, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas Victoria de Girón, Habana, Cuba, Department of Chemistry, Behala College, Kolkata 700 060, W.B. , India , Department of Pathology, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2, 7 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. * K. Nag and K. Rodriguez-Capote contributed equally to the work described in this paper. † Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9 Short Title: CRP and SP-A effects on surfactant function.
Modelling Pathways to Entrepreneurship: A Life Course Perspective

We conceptualise life course pathways to entrepreneurship embedded in the resource-based view of the small enterprise. As a partial test, we propose a specific pathway structured by class and mediated by gender relations. This is operationalized employing 18 waves of the British Household Panel Survey and event history random effect logistic regression modelling. Findings suggest a primary, class-structured pathway to entrepreneurship, emergent from the inter-generational transmission of resources from family of origin. This fosters continued resource accrual in higher class (although not highly credentialed), remunerative and satisfying careers that tip into business founding as a sustained route of class privilege or, for education failures and carers with reduced entrepreneur labour capacity, a defence against downward social mobility. Lower social classes avoid entrepreneurship except as a necessity when household income is low or when labour can compensate for other resources. We suggest new research directions.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate Induces the Membrane Penetration of the FYVE Domains of Vps27p and Hrs*

The FYVE domain mediates the recruitment of proteins involved in membrane trafficking and cell signaling to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P)-containing membranes. To elucidate the mechanism by which the FYVE domain interacts with PtdIns(3)P-containing membranes, we measured the membrane binding of the FYVE domains of yeast Vps27p andDrosophila hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate and their mutants by surface plasmon resonance and monolayer penetration analyses. These measurements as well as electrostatic potential calculation show that PtdIns(3)P specifically induces the membrane penetration of the FYVE domains and increases their membrane residence time by decreasing the positive charge surrounding the hydrophobic tip of the domain and causing local conformational changes. Mutations of hydrophobic residues located close to the PtdIns(3)P-binding pocket or an Arg residue directly involved in PtdIns(3)P binding abrogated the penetration of the FYVE domains into the monolayer, the packing density of which is comparable with that of biological membranes and large unilamellar vesicles. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism of the membrane binding of the FYVE domain in which the domain first binds to the PtdIns(3)P-containing membrane by specific PtdIns(3)P binding and nonspecific electrostatic interactions, which is then followed by the PtdIns(3)P-induced partial membrane penetration of the domain.
Dynamic Thermal Line Rating Summary and Status of the State-of-the-Art Technology

Dynamic Thermal Line Ratings is a new field of endeavor that holds much promise for electric utilities seeking to maximize existing line capacity, increase transfer capability between utilities and regions while providing adequate system security. Various approaches to increasing the thermal capacity of transmission lines without reconductoring or extensive restructuring are considered. The dynamic thermal rating (DTR) methods considered involve monitoring weather conditions so that during periods of favorable wind and ambient temperature the maximum allowable line current can be increased. The relative importance of the various weather parameters and transmission line thermal limits are discussed. Certain problems in the application of these methods and some cautions concerning the usefulness of such time variable thermal ratings to system operators are reviewed. Momentary increases of up to 300 percent and average increases in the range of 50 percent above traditional static thermal ratings (STR) are theoretically possible. Actual increases may be considerably less. In particular, the ability to place monitors in those spans which limit the whole line rating due to clearance or annealing limits on the line has not been demonstrated. Also, concerns about operation of conductors at higher average temperatures and the system operator's need for a reliable estimate of thermal capacity some hours into the future are noted.
Laparoscopy and Adhesion Formation, Adhesions and Laparoscopy

Laparoscopic peritoneal adhesion formation follows a pathway similar to laparotomy, both of which are only partially understood. Laparoscopic adhesion formation is complicated and influenced by pressure, dry gas desiccation, and hypoxia caused and superimposed by the pneumoperitoneum. It may further be affected by products of tissue combustion and inappropriate irrigation. Adjuvants are a poor substitute for attention to surgical detail and offer little help for the problem. The best defenses to reduce adhesion formation are maintenance of a normal physiologic peritoneal state that is wet and warm, gentle tissue handling, low intra-abdominal pressure, appropriate irrigation, and evacuation of smoke. Continued research into peritoneal cell response to the provocative circumstances of laparoscopic surgery will hopefully offer assistance to diminish the potential for laparoscopic adhesion formation.
Quality of health care: an absolute necessity for patient satisfaction.

Pledging quality in health care services ought to be a priority for any health care system. The notion of quality has emerged more strongly because of the rising costs of treatments constrained resources in health services and evidence of variations in clinical practice. A quality health care system is one which guarantees the continuum of care not merely for curative services but for health promotion as well as prevention. Assessment of quality usually focuses on technical concerns as well as the process through which care is delivered. This assessment becomes more authentic and legitimate if based on the application of professional standards integrating the patients views experiences and perceptions. However an effective system can only function properly if it operates on a regular assessment of peoples perceptions and monitors itself based on their feedback. Researchers have shown that for measuring health care systems performance the assessment of patient satisfaction is a more sensitive indicator than the traditional measures such as morbidity and mortality patterns and more reliable than other methods such as physician peer review. The patient assessment of the health services and the health staff in view of improving the level of quality is in fact respecting the consumer sovereignty. Increasing practice of conducting patients satisfaction surveys may be an evidence of the shift from traditional doctor-patient relationship to provider-client attitude. (excerpt)
Long-Term Monitoring of the Broad-Line Region Properties in a Selected Sample of AGN

We present the results of the long-term optical monitoring campaign of active galactic nuclei (AGN) coordinated by the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science. This campaign has produced a remarkable set of optical spectra, since we have monitored for several decades different types of broad-line (type 1) AGN, from a Seyfert 1, double-peaked line, radio loud and radio quiet AGN, to a supermassive binary black hole candidate. Our analysis of the properties of the broad line region (BLR) of these objects is based on the variability of the broad emission lines. We hereby give a comparative review of the variability properties of the broad emission lines and the BLR of seven different type 1 AGNs, emphasizing some important results, such as the variability rate, the BLR geometry, and the presence of the intrinsic Baldwin effect. We are discussing the difference and similarity in the continuum and emission line variability, focusing on what is the impact of our results to the supermassive black hole mass determination from the BLR properties.
Unseen facial and bodily expressions trigger fast emotional reactions

The spontaneous tendency to synchronize our facial expressions with those of others is often termed emotional contagion. It is unclear, however, whether emotional contagion depends on visual awareness of the eliciting stimulus and which processes underlie the unfolding of expressive reactions in the observer. It has been suggested either that emotional contagion is driven by motor imitation (i.e., mimicry), or that it is one observable aspect of the emotional state arising when we see the corresponding emotion in others. Emotional contagion reactions to different classes of consciously seen and “unseen” stimuli were compared by presenting pictures of facial or bodily expressions either to the intact or blind visual field of two patients with unilateral destruction of the visual cortex and ensuing phenomenal blindness. Facial reactions were recorded using electromyography, and arousal responses were measured with pupil dilatation. Passive exposure to unseen expressions evoked faster facial reactions and higher arousal compared with seen stimuli, therefore indicating that emotional contagion occurs also when the triggering stimulus cannot be consciously perceived because of cortical blindness. Furthermore, stimuli that are very different in their visual characteristics, such as facial and bodily gestures, induced highly similar expressive responses. This shows that the patients did not simply imitate the motor pattern observed in the stimuli, but resonated to their affective meaning. Emotional contagion thus represents an instance of truly affective reactions that may be mediated by visual pathways of old evolutionary origin bypassing cortical vision while still providing a cornerstone for emotion communication and affect sharing.
Urinary free Cortisol excretion shortly after ischaemic stroke

Abstract. The Cortisol axis and catecholamine excretion were studied in 20 patients within the first week after acute ischaemic stroke. Urine free Cortisol and plasma Cortisol levels after dexamethasone were significantly higher in stroke patients than in 80‐year‐old volunteers (n = 32; P= 0.03 and P= 0.003, respectively). Catecholamine excretion was found to be significantly correlated with urine Cortisol concentration (r = 0.54, P< 0.05) and limb paresis (r = 0.52, P< 0.05). In a multiple regression analysis, urine Cortisol values were shown to be positively associated with limb paresis (P= 0.003), disorientation (P= 0.03) and body temperature (P= 0.03). High Cortisol excretion was associated with a poorer functional outcome in a discriminant analysis (P= 0.001). Thus acute ischaemic stroke is associated with an increased activity in the Cortisol axis. This may have a number of negative effects on organ functioning, and is a predictor of a poorer functional outcome.
Selection of Haploid Maize Kernels from Hybrid Kernels for Plant Breeding Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and SIMCA Analysis

Samples of haploid and hybrid seed from three different maize donor genotypes after maternal haploid induction were used to test the capability of automated near-infrared transmission spectroscopy to individually differentiate haploid from hybrid seeds. Using a two-step chemometric analysis in which the seeds were first classified according to genotype and then the haploid or hybrid status was determined proved to be the most successful approach. This approach allowed 11 of 13 haploid and 25 of 25 hybrid kernels to be correctly identified from a mixture that included seeds of all the genotypes.
Differences in Clinical Experiences Based on Gender of Third‐year Medical Students in a Required Family Medicine Preceptorship

Purpose To investigate whether the gender of a student or preceptor affects the students' level of experience with clinical skills in a preceptorship. Method A total of 451 third-year medical students completed a required family medicine preceptorship during three academic years (1997–2000) at one medical school. Students recorded their highest levels of experience with 57 clinical skills at the completion of the preceptorship using a five-point scale. Mean levels of experience were compared according to student and preceptor gender and by student—preceptor gender dyads. Results For the majority of clinical skills, levels of experience did not differ according to gender of the student or preceptor. However, women students received more experience with seven of 12 female-specific skills and men students received more experience with two of three male-specific skills. Women preceptors provided more experience with seven of 12 female-specific skills, as well as with depression and anxiety; men preceptors provided more experience with procedures. For the vast majority of gender-specific skills, the highest levels of student experience were received by pairs of students and preceptors of the same gender who were seeing patients of their same gender; the lowest levels of experience occurred in student—preceptor pairs of the same gender seeing patients of the opposite gender. There was no evidence for student—preceptor interactions. Conclusions The gender of a student and that of the preceptor affect the level of experience the student receives with a number of gender-specific skills and procedures. Ways should be found to minimize these differences in training.
Do family physicians make good sentinels for influenza?

OBJECTIVE To determine whether volunteer family physician reports of the frequency of influenza-like illness (ILI) usefully supplement information from other influenza surveillance systems conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. DESIGN Evaluation of physician reports from five influenza surveillance seasons (1987-88 through 1991-92). SETTING Family physician office practices in all regions of the United States. PARTICIPANTS An average of 140 physicians during each of five influenza seasons. INTERVENTIONS None. OUTCOME MEASURES An office visit or hospitalization of a patient for ILI, defined as presence of fever (temperature > or = 37.8 degrees C) and cough, sore throat, or myalgia, along with the physician's clinical judgment of influenza. A subset of physicians collected specimens for confirmation of influenza virus by culture. RESULTS Physicians attributed 81,408 (5%) of 1,672,542 office visits to ILI; 2754 (3%) patients with ILI were hospitalized. Persons 65 years of age and older accounted for 11% of visits for ILI and 43% of hospitalizations for ILI. In three of five seasons, physicians obtained influenza virus isolates from a greater proportion of specimens compared with those processed by World Health Organization laboratories (36% vs 12%). Influenza virus isolates from sentinel physicians peaked from 1 to 4 weeks earlier than those reported by World Health Organization laboratories. Physicians reported peak morbidity 1 to 4 weeks earlier than state and territorial health departments in four of five seasons and 2 to 5 weeks earlier than peak mortality reported by 121 cities during seasons with excess mortality associated with pneumonia and influenza. CONCLUSIONS Family physicians provide sensitive, timely, and accurate community influenza morbidity data that complement data from other surveillance systems. This information enables monitoring of the type, timing, and intensity of influenza activity and can help health care workers implement prevention or control measures.