Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Interregional Wage Differentials in Russia Compensative?

Interregional differentials in nominal wages in the Russian Federation are huge compared to other countries. Using the NOBUS micro-data and a methodology based on the estimation of the wage equation augmented by aggregate regional characteristics, we show that these differentials have a compensative nature. Russian workers receive wage compensations for living in regions with a higher price level and worse non-pecuniary characteristics, such as a relatively low life expectancy, a high level of air pollution, poor medical services and a colder climate. After adjusting for these regional characteristics, the relative ranking of regions in terms of average wages changes considerably. Moreover, regional nominal wages become positively correlated with interregional migration flows. According to our estimates, half of the interregional wage variation between workers with similar productive characteristics should be considered to be compensative. These results support the view that the best policy reaction to the current high interregional wage differentials should be the removal of migration barriers and a reduction in migration costs. In general, our results show that wage compensations for regional disamenities along with differences in employment composition are able to account for about three fourths of the observed interregional variation in wages.
Power to peep-all: Inference Attacks by Malicious Batteries on Mobile Devices

Abstract Mobile devices are equipped with increasingly smart batteries designed to provide responsiveness and extended lifetime. However, such smart batteries may present a threat to users’ privacy. We demonstrate that the phone’s power trace sampled from the battery at 1KHz holds enough information to recover a variety of sensitive information. We show techniques to infer characters typed on a touchscreen; to accurately recover browsing history in an open-world setup; and to reliably detect incoming calls, and the photo shots including their lighting conditions. Combined with a novel exfiltration technique that establishes a covert channel from the battery to a remote server via a web browser, these attacks turn the malicious battery into a stealthy surveillance device. We deconstruct the attack by analyzing its robustness to sampling rate and execution conditions. To find mitigations we identify the sources of the information leakage exploited by the attack. We discover that the GPU or DRAM power traces alone are sufficient to distinguish between different websites. However, the CPU and power-hungry peripherals such as a touchscreen are the primary sources of fine-grain information leakage. We consider and evaluate possible mitigation mechanisms, highlighting the challenges to defend against the attacks. In summary, our work shows the feasibility of the malicious battery and motivates further research into system and application-level defenses to fully mitigate this emerging threat.
Comparison of Elderly People’s Perception of Homely Feeling towards Room Environment in Their Own Home and in Two Nursing Homes in Thailand

They responded this study compared the elderly people’s perception of the room environment in their own home with those in two nursing homes whether the environment conveyed a homely feeling to a different extent or not. The two nursing homes were Sawangkanivet nursing home and BanBangkae social welfare development center for older persons. The room environment in focus included the size and ceiling height of the room and the furniture and house ware arrangement. The sample group consisted of 60 elderly people, 30 from each nursing home, with an average age of 75 years. They responded to items in a questionnaire regarding the degree of their following feelings towards or evoked by the room environment general positive and negative feelings; feeling of privacy; and feeling of freedom. Their responses were analyzed statistically, by t-test and ANOVA, to compare the extent of the homely feeling they experienced in their own home with those in the two nursing homes. The results of the analysis indicated that, overall, the elderly people experienced significantly more homely feeling in their own home compared to what they experienced in the two nursing home. The findings from this study can be useful for designing better nursing home and new government policy on nursing home.
predictor of subsequent suicide Repeated self-poisoning: increasing severity of self-harm as a

References http://bjp.rcpsych. org/content/186/3/253#BIBL This article cites 0 articles, 0 of which you can access for free at: permissions Reprints/ permissions@rcpsych.ac. uk write to To obtain reprints or permission to reproduce material from this paper, please to this article at You can respond http://bjp.rcpsych. org/letters/submit/bjprcpsych;186/3/253 from Downloaded The Royal College of Psychiatrists Published by on May 11, 2014 http://bjp.rcpsych. org/
Adaptive and Conventional Versions of the DAT: The First Complete Test Battery Comparison

A group of covariance structure models was exam ined to ascertain the similarity between conventionally administered and computerized adaptive (CAT) versions of the complete battery of the Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT). Two factor analysis models developed from classical test theory and three models with a multiplicative structure for these multitrait-multi method data were developed and then fit to sample data in a double cross-validation design. All three di rect-product models performed better than the factor analysis models in both calibration and cross-valida tion subsamples. The cross-validated, disattenuated correlation between the administration methods in the best-performing direct-product model was very high in both groups (.98 and .97), suggesting that the CAT version of the DAT is an adequate representation of the conventional test battery. However, some evidence suggested that there are substantial differences be tween the printed and computerized versions of the one speeded test in the battery. Index terms: adap tive tests, computerized adaptive testing, covariance structure, cross-validation, Differential Aptitude Tests, direct-product models, factor analysis, multitrait-mul timethod matrices.
Summer distribution of micro- and small mesozooplankton in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, with special reference to non-calanoid copepods

From the Gulf of Aden along a transect to the central-northern Red Sea the abundance and taxonomic composition of metazoan plankton was studied during the southwest monsoon period (summer 1987). Samples were taken with 0.055 mm mesh nets down to a maximum depth of 1050 m. In the epipelagic zone, a distinct decrease in total plankton abundance was observed from south to north, which was much more pronounced in biomass (by a factor of up to 10) as compared to numbers (by a factor of 2). This could partly be explained by differences in the taxonomic and/or size composition of the planktonic fauna. Among non-calanoid copepods, 40 out of 75 species or taxa investigated decreased in abundance from south to north. Sixteen of these species were completely absent in the central-northern area Nineteen species or taxa, ho'ivever, showed the opposite feature of a higher abundance in the central-northern Red Sea. The stations were grouped according to sim~larities in the taxonomic composition of non-calanoid copepods in the epipelagic zone. The following 3 geographical regions could be separated: (1) Gulf of Aden and Strait of Bab a1 Mandab; (2) southern Red Sea, and (3) central-northern Red Sea. In the mesoand bathypelagic zones, regional differences were not evident. The results are discussed in relation to hydrographic conditions during summer 1987.
NETWORK NOT UTILIZED: THE CASE OF ULTRA-ORTHODOX FEMALE MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS IN ISRAEL

The study examines the role of social networks in the Ultra-Orthodox community in Israel as a tool for promoting micro-entrepreneurial success. To date, research has shown that social network structure is a salient factor in the successful management of micro-businesses. We explored network size, number of strong, weak and betweenness ties of Ultra-Orthodox female micro-entrepreneurs, a distinct social-religious enclave that remains largely unexplored. Contrary to literature, our findings show that Ultra-Orthodox female micro-entrepreneurs have a narrow network in all parameters explored. Although they have a far-reaching social network, it is virtually unutilized in promoting their micro-businesses. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
The nuclear receptor gene nhr-25 plays multiple roles in the C . elegans heterochronic gene network to control the larva-to-adult transition

a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan b Initiative for the Promotion of Young Scientists’ Independent Research, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan c Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center ASCR, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic d Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 e Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Genetic variability characterisation of Tanzania sorghum landraces based on simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular and morphological markers.

Morphological and molecular markers were employed to study the genetic variability among 40 sorghum landraces collected from Tanzania and two from Zambia. A total of 14 morphological markers and seven simple sequence repeats (SSRs) primers were used to (i) determine the genetic relationships among landraces, and (ii) assess important agronomic traits. Five principal components accounted for 73.60% of the total variability. There were positive significant correlation between yield and inflorescence width (r = 0.343*), five panicles averages and plot yields (r = 0. 531*), leaf senescence and inflorescence length (r = 0.355*). Negative significant correlation between tiller numbers and inflorescence length (r = -0.343*) was recorded. Cluster analysis based on morpho- logical traits revealed three major distinct groups with one landrace forming independent cluster. Based on molecular markers, eleven clusters were observed. Sorghum controls, N13, Ochuti and Adiwo each formed independent clusters. Markers Xgap84 and Xtxp320 had high alleles than other markers. These had seven and eight alleles respectively. Molecular markers clearly separated landraces within and between groups than mor- phological markers. There were no genotype specific makers with the exceptions of Ochuti and N13 controls.
Antibacterial activity of larval extract from the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) against plant pathogens

The antibacterial activity of the extracts of whole black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) was evaluated and was tested against six strains of plant pathogens. The extracts were prepared by homogenization after mixing grinded larvae with 0.01% acetic acid at 4 °C for 12 hr. Two methods, agar well diffusion and growth curve assay, were used to study the antibacterial activity against these pathogens. In our study, the antibacterial properties of the extracts were demonstrated by growth inhibition of all six tested bacterial pathogens. Inhibition zone assay and fluorescence assay confirmed that larval extracts have significant antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens. The data provide further evidence that larval extracts play a role in the defense against microorganisms.
Warm absorbers in X-rays (WAX), a comprehensive high-resolution grating spectral study of a sample of Seyfert galaxies – I. A global view and frequency of occurrence of warm absorbers.

We present results from a homogeneous analysis of the broadband 0.3-10 keV CCD resolution as well as of soft X-ray high-resolution grating spectra of a hard X-ray flux-limited sample of 26 Seyfert galaxies observed with XMM-Newton. Our goal is to characterise the warm absorber (WA) properties along the line-of-sight to the active nucleus. We significantly detect WAs in $65\%$ of the sample sources. Our results are consistent with WAs being present in at least half of the Seyfert galaxies in the nearby Universe, in agreement with previous estimates . We find a gap in the distribution of the ionisation parameter in the range $0.5<\log\xi<1.5$ which we interpret as a thermally unstable region for WA clouds. This may indicate that the warm absorber flow is probably constituted by a clumpy distribution of discrete clouds rather than a continuous medium. The distribution of the WA column densities for the sources with broad Fe K$\alpha$ lines are similar to those sources which do not have broadened emission lines. Therefore the detected broad Fe K$\alpha$ emission lines are bonafide and not artifacts of ionised absorption in the soft X-rays. The WA parameters show no correlation among themselves, with the exception of the ionisation parameter versus column density. The shallow slope of the $\log\xi$ versus $\log v_{\rm out}$ linear regression ($0.12\pm 0.03$) is inconsistent with the scaling laws predicted by radiation or magneto-hydrodynamic-driven winds. Our results suggest also that WA and Ultra Fast Outflows (UFOs) do not represent extreme manifestation of the same astrophysical system.
Terrorism and Hate Crime Close Cousins or Distant Relatives ? The Relationship Between

Prior research has frequently drawn parallels between the study of hate crimes and the study of terrorism. Yet, key differences between the two behaviors may be underappreciated in extant work. Terrorism is often an “upward crime,” involving a perpetrator of lower social standing than the targeted group. By contrast, hate crimes are disproportionately “downward crimes,” usually entailing perpetrators belonging to the majority or powerful group in society and minority group victims. The latter difference implies that hate crimes and terrorism are more akin to distant relatives than close cousins. These divergent perspectives provide a backdrop for the present research, which empirically investigates the association between hate crimes and terrorism. In doing so, we contribute to prior work on hate crimes and terrorism by emphasizing the temporal association between these behaviors and by empirically investigating the potential for one kind of violent event to trigger another kind of violence. Time-series analyses of weekly and daily data on terrorism and hate crimes committed in the United States between 1992 and 2008 reveal three primary conclusions. First, we find no evidence to suggest that hate crimes are a precursor to future terrorism. Second, hate crimes are often perpetrated in response to terrorist acts. Third, the Article at SUNY ALBANY LIBRARY on November 2, 2012 cad.sagepub. com Downloaded from 664 Crime & Delinquency 58(5) latter association is particularly strong for hate crimes perpetrated against minority groups after a non-right-wing terrorist attack, particularly attacks on symbols of core American ideals, indicating that some hate crimes may essentially constitute expressions of retaliation.
Competition, Takeovers, and Gender Discrimination

Theories of taste-based discrimination predict that competitive pressures will drive discriminatory behavior out of the market. The authors analyze how firm takeovers and product market competition affect firms' gender composition and gender wage gap using detailed matched employer-employee data. Taking into account several endogeneity concerns while using a difference- in- difference framework, they find that the share of female employees increases as a result of an ownership change when product market competition is weak. Furthermore, a takeover reduces the gender wage gap. Although the estimated effects are small, the results support the main theoretical predictions.
Fruit chemistry, nutritional benefits and social aspects of cherries.

Cherry nutritional composition, phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity should be considered on a cultivar/genotype basis since many new cultivars that enter into the market through the breeding programmes (Sansavini and Lugli, 2008) have apparent differences for both qualitative and phytochemical antioxidants contents (Ballistreri et al., 2013; Goulas et al., 2015). The breeding programmes have led to the release of numerous cultivars, where the main attributes considered were bearing habits, ripening period, fruit size and yield, increased fertility, reduced susceptibility to environmental damage and diseases, extension of seasonality, especially for early-ripening genotypes, and resistance to cracking. However, to the best of our knowledge, phytochemical status and nutritional properties are not being evaluated through the breeding programmes. This chapter focuses on the physicochemical characteristics (soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, volatile compounds) and nutritional (e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, sugars, organic acids, minerals, vitamins) and non-nutritional (other constituents with biological properties beyond nutrition) composition of sweet and sour cherry fruits. Non-nutrient food constituents include phytochemicals, phytonutrients, plant secondary metabolites, and bioactive and healthpromoting compounds.
Campaign Individualisation before and after the Bailout: A Comparison between Greece and Portugal

The elections that took place in Greece and Portugal before and after the intervention of the so-called Troika allow us to examine to what extent the austerity period has affected the nature and style of electoral campaigns, especially in terms of individualisation. Our results show that campaigns in Greece and Portugal were quite different and that Greek candidates supported by the two main parties are more likely to emphasise their role. Yet the short-term impact of the crisis has been negligible, as there have been insignificant shifts in the communicative focus on the personalisation of the agendas and on the means used in the campaign after the intervention of the Troika.
Parasitic Life Styles of Marine Dinoflagellates 1

Several genera of marine dinoflagellates contain species that have evolved parasitic life styles. Dinoflagellate infections have been reported for a wide range of host organisms including sarcodines. ciliates, free‐living dinoflagellates, various invertebrates, and a few vertebrates. Some dinoflagellates even parasitize other parasitic dinoflagellates. Most species are obligately parasitic and rely on heterotrophy as their sole means of nutrition; however, some are mixotrophic, as they possess chloroplasts during part or all of their life cycle. Many are ectoparasites that use highly specialized structures to attach to their host and feed, while others are intracellular parasites that feed by osmotrophy. Parasitic dinoflagellates often have adverse effects on their host that can lead to reproductive castration or death. The ecological importance of parasitic dinoflagellates is particularly evident during epidemic outbreaks that cause mass mortality of host organisms. Species that infect fish can pose threats to aquaculture. while other species can make commercially important crustacea unpalatable. In the planktonic realm, parasitic dinoflagellates influence the structure and function of the microbial food web. They compete with copepods and other grazers by utilizing ciliates as hosts and can stimulate rapid recycling of nutrients by causing the decline of toxic and non‐toxic red tides.
Topical application of human milk reduces umbilical cord separation time and bacterial colonization compared to ethanol in newborns

Background: Umbilical cord infections contribute to the increased morbidity andÂ mortality in newborns of developing countries, where infants are exposed to unhygienic practices. The best umbilical cord treatment after birth is a controversialÂ issue. There are limited data examining the effect of topical application of humanÂ milk on newbornsâ€™ cord separation and bacterial colonization, which is examinedÂ herein and compared to 70% ethanol. Methods and Findings: One hundred neonates attending Minia University Hospital were enrolled in a quasi-experimental design (50 neonates in each group). Â Cord separation time was recorded. Microbiological examination including totalÂ viable bacterial count (TVC) and identification of the implicated bacterial speciesÂ was performed at birth, day 3 and at cord separation time. The mean cord separation time in the human milk and alcohol groups were 4. 3Â±1.4 (SD) and 8. 2Â±2.2,Â respectively (p<0.001). There were significant differences between the two groupsÂ in the TVC (p<0.001). The isolated organisms included Staphylococcus epidermidis,Â Staphylococcus aureus, Â Micrococci, Escherichia coli Â and Klebsiella species, withÂ higher rates of pathogenic species in the ethanol group. Conclusion: Topical application of human milk reduces cord-separation time andÂ pathogenic bacterial colonization and can be used as easy, cheap and non invasiveÂ methods for umbilical cord care in developing countries.
Household income and health problems during a period of þÿ �

Income inequalities widened considerably from 1987 to 2007 in Finland. We compared the association between household income and health problems across three periods and in several different ways of modelling the dependence. Our aim was to find out whether the change in the distribution of income might have led to wider income-related inequalities in health problems. The data represent an 11-per-cent random sample of the Finnish population, and we restricted the analysed sample to those between 18 and 67 years of age and not in receipt of any pension in each of the three six-year periods examined (n between 280,106 and 291,198). The health outcome was sickness-allowance days compensated. Household-equivalent taxable income was applied with two different scale transformations: firstly, as real income adjusted for price level and secondly, as rank position on the income distribution. We used negative binomial regression models, with and without zero inflation, as well as decomposition analysis. We found that sickness-allowance days decreased with increasing income, while differences in the shape and magnitude of the association were found between the scales and the periods. During the study period the association strengthened considerably at both the lowest fifth and the top fifth of the rank scale, while the observed per-unit effect of real income changed less. Decomposition analysis suggested that slightly less than half of the observed increase in concentration of health problems at lower end of the rank scale could be accounted for by the change in real income distribution. The results indicate that widening differences in household consumption potential may have contributed to an intensified impact of household income on inequalities in health problems. Explaining the change only in terms of consumption potential, however, was problematic, and changes in the interdependence of labour-market advantage and health problems are likely to contribute as well.
Security Issues in Cloud Computing: A Survey

Cloud computing is an emerging trend in computer science. We can define cloud computing as “pay as per use” service. Today, cloud computing infrastructure is most demanding due to its low-cost of network and storage services. With the increasing number of users, data and network security becomes the major issue in cloud environment. However, there are many approaches available, perspective of security of data, e.g. Authentication for accessing the data, network communication mechanism, third party assignment policy. In this paper, we survey about the security issues related to cloud computing. Here we describe some major security issues and challenges in cloud computing.