Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCIA DE VIRUS EN PAPA Y SU EFECTO SOBRE RENDIMIENTO EN TRES ZONAS AGROECOLOGICAS DE COLOMBIA

Se evaluo la incidencia de PVX, PVS, PVY y enrollamiento de hojas-PLRV, y su efecto sobre los rendimientos en cuatro variedades de papa despues de tres anos consecutivos de cultivos sucesivos expuestos a infeccion natural, en tres zonas agroecologicas: Paramo (3200 msnm), Media (2600 msnm) y Baja (2150 msnm). Las variedades evaluadas fueron Parda Pastusa, ICA Purace, Diacol Capiro e ICA Tequendama. El estudio se llevo a cabo en los dos semestres por ano del cultivo. Tuberculos-semillas obtenidos en el primer ano se plantaron en los dos anos siguientes en el mismo semestre (primero o segundo), que fueron obtenidos. La incidencia de virus se evaluo con base en pruebas serologicas de tejido de plantas, tomadas al azar de tres replicaciones por variedad, del material expuesto a infeccion natural y se expreso en porcentaje. La mayor incidencia de virus al final del estudio se obtuvo en la zona Baja con un 69 y 87% en el primero y segundo semestre del ano, que represento una disminucion en rendimiento del 50 y 40%, respectivamente. En el mismo orden la zona Media presento una incidencia del 34 y 46% que afecto la produccion en 14 y 30%. En la zona de Paramo, la incidencia de 18% de virus en el primer semestre no afecto la produccion, en tanto que 30% de incidencia en el segundo semestre afecto en solo 3%. Las diferencias en rendimiento fueron altamente significativas entre zonas, al igual que entre semestres. La incidencia de virus fue similar en las cuatro variedades, y no afecto los rendimientos de ICA-Purace y Parda Pastusa en el Paramo, ni de ICA-Purace en la zona Media en el primer semestre del ano. Tampoco se afectaron los rendimientos de ICA-Tequendama en el segundo semestre del ano en la zona Baja. Las poblaciones de afidos evaluadas en el cultivo de papa fueron mayores en la zona Baja, menores en la zona Media y muy bajas en el Paramo, factor que podria explicar la mayor transmision de virus en la zona Baja. Aceptado para publicacion: febrero 20,1992
Women's experiences of sexual functioning in the early weeks of breast cancer treatment

This study describes women's sexual functioning in the early weeks of breast cancer treatment and the possible sexual changes that women may experience compared with pre-treatment functioning. Seventy-five patients filled out a questionnaire on sexual functioning and participated in a semi-structured interview on changes in sexual life and intimacy after treatment. Sixty-two women were sexually active before treatment; three post-treatment patterns of sexual behaviour were identified: 22.6% of these women were as active as before treatment, 35.5% stopped any sexual activity and 41.9% experienced quantitative and qualitative changes. Analyses showed that each pattern had specific characteristics regarding current sexual functioning, the kinds of changes reported (e.g. decreased frequency and increased tenderness) and the reasons for these changes (e.g. tiredness and sex not a priority). Even in the immediate post-surgical period, women may react in very different ways to treatment in terms of sexual functioning. Most women experience changes, but cessation of sexual activity is not inevitable. Positive changes (growing tenderness and affection) also exist. These important interindividual differences require a person-centred approach when the topic of sexuality is being addressed, and practitioners need to be sensitive to individual perceptions of change. Early detection of sexual changes may prevent the crystallisation of difficulties over time.
Post liposuction infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria

Abstract Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are recognized agents of surgical site infections. Recently, RGM skin and soft tissue infections have been increasingly reported. As symptoms, clinical signs and disease latency remain non-specific and microbiological detection requires targeted growth media, RGM diagnosis remains challenging for clinicians. Appropriate management is often delayed due to lack of awareness of these infections. RGM infections after plastic surgery have also been described in the setting of interventions performed in developing countries, a growing phenomenon commonly known as medical tourism. We describe a case of Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus infection following liposuction and liposculpture procedures performed in the Dominican Republic and review the literature on this subject.
Secondary verbal responses during driving may not be a safer alternative to manual responses irrespective of age

It has been shown that older vs. young people experience increased motoric interference between sensorimotor tracking tasks and secondary manual responses during driving-like dual tasks [1] and simulated driving [2]. The present study investigated whether a verbal response mode represents a better alternative for secondary responses in order to decrease task interference during simulated driving. Young (N=20, 25-25 years, 10 women) and older participants (N=20, 60-69 years, 10 woman) performed a dual task in a driving simulator. They had to navigate a simulated car on the road. In a single task control condition they had either to drive or to perform a visual attention task with manual or verbal responses whereat the visual stimuli were displayed on the front windshield. In the dual task condition the visual attention task had to be performed while driving. Participants had to respond both with verbal and manual responses, respectively. Generally, older vs. young participants showed significantly slower and more erroneous responses to the secondary task stimuli. Independent of age, responses to secondary stimuli were slower in the dual task compared to the single task condition. Both groups omitted more responses in the verbal than in the manual condition. Importantly, the overall tracking performance in the dual task with verbal responses was significantly impaired. Taken together, independent of age, verbal responses do not seem to be a better alternative compared to secondary manual responses during simulated driving.
Conditional Depletion of Hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exacerbates Neuropathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Damage occurring to noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) contributes to the evolution of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a variety of conditions and diseases. One cause of LC damage may be loss of neurotrophic support from LC target regions. We tested this hypothesis by conditional unilateral knockout of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adult mice. To evaluate the consequences of BDNF loss in the context of neurodegeneration, the mice harbored familial mutations for human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1. In these mice, BDNF depletion reduced tyrosine hydroxylase staining, a marker of noradrenergic neurons, in the rostral LC. BDNF depletion also reduced noradrenergic innervation in the hippocampus, the frontal cortex, and molecular layer of the cerebellum, assessed by staining for dopamine beta hydroxylase. BDNF depletion led to an increase in cortical amyloid plaque numbers and size but was without effect on plaque numbers in the striatum, a site with minimal innervation from the LC. Interestingly, cortical Iba1 staining for microglia was reduced by BDNF depletion and was correlated with reduced dopamine beta hydroxylase staining. These data demonstrate that reduction of BDNF levels in an LC target region can cause retrograde damage to LC neurons, leading to exacerbation of neuropathology in distinct LC target areas. Methods to reduce BDNF loss or supplement BDNF levels may be of value to reduce neurodegenerative processes normally limited by LC noradrenergic activities.
A meta-analysis of exposure to particulate matter and adverse birth outcomes

Objectives The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to provide summarized evidence on the association between maternal exposure to particulate air pollution and birth weight (BW) and preterm birth (PTB) after taking into consideration the potential confounding effect of maternal smoking. Methods We systematically searched all published cohort and case-control studies examining BW and PTB association with particulate matter (PM, less than or equal to 2.5μm and 10.0 μm in diameter, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) from PubMed and Web of Science, from January 1980 to April 2015. We extracted coefficients for continuous BW and odds ratio (OR) for PTB from each individual study, and meta-analysis was used to combine the coefficient and OR of individual studies. The methodological quality of individual study was assessed using a standard protocol proposed by Downs and Black. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Results In random effects meta-analyses, BW as a continuous outcome was negativelyassociated with 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 (-10.31 g; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.57 to -3.13 g; I-squared=0%, p=0.947) and PM2.5 (-22.17 g; 95% CI, -37.93 to -6.41 g; I-squared=92.3%, p <0.001) exposure during entire pregnancy, adjusted for maternal smoking. A significantly increased risk of PTB per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.41; I-squared=0%, p =0.977) and PM2.5 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.22; I-squared=92.5%, p <0.001) exposure during entire pregnancy was observed. Effect size of change in BW per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM tended to report stronger associations after adjustment for maternal smoking. Conclusions While this systematic review supports an adverse impact of maternal exposure to particulate air pollution on birth outcomes, variation in effects by exposure period and sources of heterogeneity between studies should be further explored.
Cross-Country Differences in the Optimal Allocation of Talent and Technology⇤

I model an economy inhabited by heterogeneous individuals that form teams and choose an appropriate production technology. The model characterizes how the technological environment shapes the equilibrium assignment of individuals into teams. I apply the theoretical insights to study cross-country differences in the allocation of talent and technology. Their low endowment of technology, coupled with the possibility of importing advanced technology from the frontier, leads poor countries to a different economic structure – one with a stronger concentration of talent and a larger cross-sectional productivity dispersion. As a result, the efficient equilibrium in poor countries resembles economic features that are often cited as evidence of misallocation. Micro data from countries of all income levels document cross-country differences in the allocation of talent that support the theoretical predictions. A quantitative version of the model suggests that a sizable fraction of the larger productivity dispersion documented in poor countries is due to differences in the efficient allocation. ⇤This paper is based on my PhD dissertation at Yale University. This project deeply benefited from numerous conversations with colleagues and advisors. First of all, I am extremely grateful to my advisors, Mikhail Golosov, Giuseppe Moscarini, Nancy Qian, Aleh Tsyvinski, and Chris Udry, for their invaluable guidance and support and to Benjamin Moll, Michael Peters and Larry Samuelson for helpful suggestions and stimulating discussions. I also thank for very helpful comments Joseph Altonji, Costas Arkolakis, David Atkin, Lorenzo Caliendo, Douglas Gollin, Pinelopi Goldberg, Samuel Kortum, David Lagakos, Ilse Lindenlaub, Costas Meghir, Marti Mestieri, Nicholas Ryan, Alessandra Voena, Nicolas Werquin, and Noriko Amano, Gabriele Foà, Sebastian Heise, Ana Reynoso, Gabriella Santangelo, Jeff Weaver, and Yu Jung Whang. Last, but not least, I received many insightful comments from seminar participants at BU, Bocconi, Columbia, CMU (Tepper), Georgetown, IIES, Wisconsin-Madison, McGill, Princeton, Stanford, Toronto, UCSD, Yale, and the NBER Fall Development Meeting. †9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, email: tporzio@ucsd.edu.
Course and Outcome of Bipolar Affective Disorder in Children

Systematic studies of juvenile bipolar disorder have been carried out only in recent decades. Initially, Kraepelin considered bipolar disorder to be a relatively benign illness, However, recent literature suggests that bipolar disorder may present as chronic episodes with persistent deficits. Various studies, mainly naturalistic in design, have been carried out to answer questions regarding the course and outcome of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Indian findings differ considerably from those in Western populations. Western data suggest poor recovery from index episodes, especially in prepubertal bipolar children, longer episode duration, high rates of chronicity and rapid cycling, and a high relapse rate. Data from India, however, suggest that there is good recovery from the index episode, shorter episode duration, lower rates of chronicity, and rapid cycling. However, a higher relapse rate has been reported from Indian studies as well. The effectiveness of lithium as a prophylactic agent for childhood onset bipolar disorder needs to be reviewed.
Tolerance of Japanese quail embryos and young chicks to hypothermia.

The purpose of this study was to explore the tolerance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos and young quail chicks to a very low ambient temperature. Fifty (n = 50) quail embryos at age embryonic age d 6 were placed in a cold room at 13 degrees C for 24 h. The heart rate (HR) was determined with an infrared HR sensor in an instrument called "Buddy. " After 12 and 24 h, the average body temperature of the embryos was 13 degrees C with an average HR of 8.7 +/- 0.9 beats per minute (bpm). The average body temperature of 50 control embryos was 38 degrees C and they had an average HR of 301 +/- 15 bpm. The hypothermic quail embryos had a 24-h delay in hatching at 58% hatchability. The controls hatched on time at 81% hatchability. Twelve (n = 12) 6-d-old quail chicks were placed in a low-temperature environment (13 degrees C) for a period of 6 h. Quail from which the test group was selected were retained in a brooder to serve as the control comparison. The electrocardiogram HR for both hypothermic and control quail was recorded with a digital oscilloscope. The 12 quail in the low-temperature environment exhibited an immobile state of hypothermia. These hypothermic quail had an average HR of 7 +/- 0.6 bpm. The control quail had an average HR of 525 +/- 24 bpm. After emerging from the reduced-temperature environment, the immobile hypothermic quail were placed under an infrared light that produced a brooder-like temperature of 33 degrees C. After 40 min, all quail could walk around and some ate and drank.
PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF MENTAL HEALTH FOLLOWING SEXUAL ASSAULT

Comorbidity in psychological disorders is common following exposure to a traumatic event. Relatively little is known about the manner in which changes in the symptoms of a given type of psychological disorder in the acute period following a trauma impact changes in symptoms of another disorder. This study investigated the relationship between changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms in the first 12 weeks following sexual assault.
X-ray structure of Pur-α reveals a Whirly-like fold and an unusual nucleic-acid binding surface

The PUR protein family is a distinct and highly conserved class that is characterized by its sequence-specific RNA- and DNA-binding. Its best-studied family member, Pur-α, acts as a transcriptional regulator, as host factor for viral replication, and as cofactor for mRNP localization in dendrites. Pur-α-deficient mice show severe neurologic defects and die after birth. Nucleic-acid binding by Pur-α is mediated by its central core region, for which no structural information is available. We determined the x-ray structure of residues 40 to 185 from Drosophila melanogaster Pur-α, which constitutes a major part of the core region. We found that this region contains two almost identical structural motifs, termed “PUR repeats,” which interact with each other to form a PUR domain. DNA- and RNA-binding studies confirmed that PUR domains are indeed functional nucleic-acid binding domains. Database analysis show that PUR domains share a fold with the Whirly class of nucleic-acid binding proteins. Structural analysis combined with mutational studies suggest that a PUR domain binds nucleic acids through two independent surface regions involving concave β-sheets. Structure-based sequence alignment revealed that the core region harbors a third PUR repeat at its C terminus. Subsequent characterization by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and size-exclusion chromatography indicated that PUR repeat III mediates dimerization of Pur-α. Surface envelopes calculated from SAXS data show that the Pur-α dimer consisting of repeats I to III is arranged in a Z-like shape. This unexpected domain organization of the entire core domain of Pur-α has direct implications for ssDNA/ssRNA and dsDNA binding.
Deep Learning the Ising Model Near Criticality

It is well established that neural networks with deep architectures perform better than shallow networks for many tasks in machine learning. In statistical physics, while there has been recent interest in representing physical data with generative modelling, the focus has been on shallow neural networks. A natural question to ask is whether deep neural networks hold any advantage over shallow networks in representing such data. We investigate this question by using unsupervised, generative graphical models to learn the probability distribution of a two-dimensional Ising system. Deep Boltzmann machines, deep belief networks, and deep restricted Boltzmann networks are trained on thermal spin configurations from this system, and compared to the shallow architecture of the restricted Boltzmann machine. We benchmark the models, focussing on the accuracy of generating energetic observables near the phase transition, where these quantities are most difficult to approximate. Interestingly, after training the generative networks, we observe that the accuracy essentially depends only on the number of neurons in the first hidden layer of the network, and not on other model details such as network depth or model type. This is evidence that shallow networks are more efficient than deep networks at representing physical probability distributions associated with Ising systems near criticality.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of MRAC systems

Abstract We present necessary and sufficient conditions for uniform global asymptotic stability of Model-Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) systems. Our conditions are stated in terms of a notion of persistency of excitation (PE) that is tailored for nonlinear systems; in particular, it applies to functions of time and state and allow critical cases such as vanishing at the origin. Thus, this property generalizes classical PE and rigourously settles conditions that were previously inferred without strict proof.
The role of clade competition in the diversification of North American canids

Significance Extinction is a ubiquitous feature of biodiversity history, and although many lineages increase in diversity through time, most of them eventually decline and get replaced. Dinosaurs and mammals represent an extreme and iconic example of such replacement. Here we investigate the causes of the sequential wax and wane of three subfamilies in the dog family Canidae. Contrary to current expectation, we find that competition from phylogenetically distant, but ecologically similar, clades played a more substantial role in canid diversification than climate change and body size evolution. Our results provide novel quantitative evidence indicating that competition from multiple clades can actively drive the displacement and extinction of entire lineages. The history of biodiversity is characterized by a continual replacement of branches in the tree of life. The rise and demise of these branches (clades) are ultimately determined by changes in speciation and extinction rates, often interpreted as a response to varying abiotic and biotic factors. However, understanding the relative importance of these factors remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we analyze the rich North American fossil record of the dog family Canidae and of other carnivores to tease apart the roles of competition, body size evolution, and climate change on the sequential replacement of three canid subfamilies (two of which have gone extinct). We develop a novel Bayesian analytic framework to show that competition from multiple carnivore clades successively drove the demise and replacement of the two extinct canid subfamilies by increasing their extinction rates and suppressing their speciation. Competitive effects have likely come from ecologically similar species from both canid and felid clades. These results imply that competition among entire clades, generally considered a rare process, can play a more substantial role than climate change and body size evolution in determining the sequential rise and decline of clades.
Specialized ribosomes and specific ribosomal protein paralogs control translation of mitochondrial proteins

Genome duplication in eukaryotes created paralog pairs of ribosomal proteins (RPs) that show high sequence similarity/identity. However, individual paralogs can confer vastly different effects upon cellular processes, e.g., specific yeast paralogs regulate actin organization, bud site selection, and mRNA localization, although how specificity is conferred is unknown. Changes in the RP composition of ribosomes might allow for specialized translation of different subsets of mRNAs, yet it is unclear whether specialized ribosomes exist and if paralog specificity controls translation. Using translatome analyses, we show that the translation of mitochondrial proteins is highly down-regulated in yeast lacking RP paralogs required for normal mitochondrial function (e.g., RPL1b). Although RPL1a and RPL1b encode identical proteins, Rpl1b-containing ribosomes confer more efficient translation of respiration-related proteins. Thus, ribosomes varying in RP composition may confer specialized functions, and RP paralog specificity defines a novel means of translational control.