Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

There are 1565 premature and full-term deliveries in patients with tuberculosis at The New York Hospital included in this report. About 10% of the patients had active pulmonary tuberculosis immediately before or during gestation. The obstetric management of the patient with inactive tuberculosis is similar to that of the nontuberculous woman. In patients with active or recently active tuberculosis, delivery under regional anesthesia, with forceps when necessary to avoid excessive straining during the second stage of labor, is advised. Tuberculosis is not an indication for cesarean section. Chemotherapy is now the cornerstone of all therapy for tuberculosis; the various regimens and modifications depend on the type and extent of the disease. The best combination of drugs is isoniazid and ethambutol. Therapy in all cases must be multiple drug, continuous, and long-term. Prophylactic isoniazid is used infrequently during pregnancy and only in special circumstances. Results of treatment with the newer antituberculosis drugs show that the disease progressed in less than 1% of patients between 1957 and 1972 compared to 3 to 4% of patients from 1933 to 1956. Infants born to the 1565 tuberculous mothers reported here were of average weight, and none of the 1588 infants (23 sets of twins) had congential tuberculosis. Patients should be carefully followed postpartum with sputum tests and x-rays. They should also be given medical and socioeconomic counseling.
Chronic cerebrovascular abnormalities in a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

Abstract Primary objective: To investigate the status of the cerebrovasculature following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). Research design: TBI is a risk factor for development of various neurodegenerative disorders. A common feature of neurodegenerative disease is cerebrovascular dysfunction which includes alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF). TBI can result in transient reductions in CBF, with severe injuries often accompanied by varying degrees of vascular pathology post-mortem. However, at this stage, few studies have investigated the cerebrovasculature at chronic time points following repetitive mild brain trauma. Methods and procedures: r-mTBI was delivered to wild-type mice (12 months old) twice per week for 3 months and tested for spatial memory deficits (Barnes Maze task) at 1 and 6 months post-injury. At 7 months post-injury CBF was assessed via Laser Doppler Imaging and, following euthanasia, the brain was probed for markers of cerebrovascular dysfunction and inflammation. Main outcomes and results: Memory impairment was identified at 1 month post-injury and persisted as late as 6 months post-injury. Furthermore, significant immunopathological insult, reductions in global CBF and down-regulation of cerebrovascular-associated markers were observed. Conclusions: These results demonstrate impaired cognitive behaviour alongside chronic cerebrovascular dysfunction in a mouse model of repetitive mild brain trauma.
Surgical Exposures in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Safely obtaining adequate exposure at the time of revision total knee arthroplasty is an integral step in successfully performing the procedure. A medial capsular approach combined with an extensive intraarticular synovectomy provides adequate exposure for most patients. If further exposure is required, a quadriceps snip can be used to free the proximal extensor mechanism. The benefits of this approach include its technically simple nature and an unaltered postoperative rehabilitation regimen. We report a series of 126 consecutive revision knee procedures in which a medial capsular approach was adequate in 111 cases, representing 92% of the patients with an intact extensor mechanism. A quadriceps snip was required in nine cases. If more extensive exposure is required for an excessively stiff or difficult to expose knee, a tibial tubercle osteotomy or V-Y quadricepsplasty provides wider exposure.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Structural and functional characterization of Newcastle disease virus polycistronic RNA species

Upon infection, the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genome is transcribed to produce 18S, 22S, and 35S RNAs (M. Bratt , and W. Robinson, J. Mol. Biol. 23:1-21, 1967). The 22S RNA has been shown to contain 18S sequences and is thought to represent polycistronic transcripts generated by transcriptional readthrough of adjacent genes ( Varich et al., Acta Virol. 23:341-343, 1979). With improved extraction procedures, the 22S RNA was found to represent up to 25% of the total transcription in NDV-infected cells. This RNA was resolved into at least five discrete species on formaldehyde-agarose gels. All but one of these molecules contain 3' polyadenylate sequences but not internal polyadenylate sequences. These transcripts are found on polyribosomes of infected cells, suggesting that they are functional mRNAs.
Fungal Glucuronoyl Esterases and Substrate Uronic Acid Recognition

Glucuronoyl esterases are enzymes involved in microbial plant cell-wall degradation. In this study we purified and characterized two recombinant Phanerochaete chrysosporium glucuronoyl esterases, PcGE1 and PcGE2. The catalytic activity of these and previously described glucuronoyl esterases was investigated on new synthetic substrates, methyl esters of uronic acids and their glycosides, prepared by esterification with ethereal diazomethane. The data obtained indicate that the enzymes hydrolyzed efficiently not only esters of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, but also methyl esters of D-glucuronic acid carrying a 4-nitrophenyl aglycon. Moreover, the fact that they did not recognize the 4-epimers of these compounds, the D-galacturonic acid derivatives, supports the hypothesis that these carbohydrate esterases attack ester linkages between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid of glucuronoxylan and lignin alcohols.
Sidsel Borup Winther Exploration of Atomic Force Microscopy and Domain Formation in Supported Lipid Bilayers

Nerve signal propagation is one of the most prominent aspects of signaling processes in biological membranes. Based on the observation of phase transition phenomena during the propagation of nerve signals, it is suggested that the domain formation in phase transitions of lipid membranes associated with hydrophobic mismatch will influence the signal propagation. With mica-supported DPPC bilayers as model system, atomic force microscopy was utilized to study the domain formation through the main phase transition. In accordance with the influence of mica-support on phase transitions in DPPC double bilayers obtained from differential scanning calorimetry by Yang and Appleyard, a splitting of the phase transition was found. Three types of distinguishable domain formation were observed, suggesting a variation in both the inter and intra leaflet interactions within bilayers. The height changes associated with phase transition was found to correspond to a 65% change in the membrane capacitance, indicating a non-negligible change in the membrane capacitance during the propagation of a nerve signal as it is otherwise assumed the Hodgkin-Huxley Model for propagation of nerve signals. Acknowledgements I especially want to thank Thomas Heimburg and Rima Budvytyte. Thomas, for making this project possible and for providing essential feedback, that has formed this project. Rima, for guidance in the introduction to working with the atomic force microscopy throughout the project work. Exploration of Atomic Force Microscopy and Domain Formation in Supported Lipid Bilayers
High Dimensional Propensity Score Estimation via Covariate Balancing

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment effect for the treated (ATT) in observational studies when the number of potential confounders is possibly much greater than the sample size. In particular, we develop a robust method to estimate the propensity score via covariate balancing in high-dimensional settings. Since it is usually impossible to obtain the exact covariate balance in high dimension, we propose to estimate the propensity score by balancing a carefully selected subset of covariates that are predictive of the outcome under the assumption that the outcome model is linear and sparse. The estimated propensity score is, then, used for the Horvitz-Thompson estimator to infer the ATE and ATT. We prove that the proposed methodology has the desired properties such as sample boundedness, root-n consistency, asymptotic normality, and semiparametric efficiency. We then extend these results to the case where the outcome model is a sparse generalized linear model. In addition, we show that the proposed estimator remains root-n consistent and asymptotically normal even when the propensity score model is misspecified. Finally, we conduct simulation studies to evaluate the finite-sample performance of the proposed, and apply the proposed methodology to estimate the causal effects of college attendance on adulthood political participation. Open-source software is available for implementing the proposed methodology.
Sources of health insurance and characteristics of the uninsured: analysis of the March 2005 Current Population Survey.

This paper provides historic data through 2004 on the number and percentage of nonelderly individuals with and without health insurance. Based on EBRI estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau's March 2005 Current Population Survey (CPS), it reflects 2004 data. It also discusses trends in coverage for the 1994-2004 period and highlights characteristics that typically indicate whether an individual is insured.
A left‐handed α‐helix containing both L‐ and D‐amino acids: The solution structure of the antimicrobial lipodepsipeptide tolaasin

The 18‐amino acid cytolytic lipodepsipeptide tolaasin, produced in culture by virulent strains of Pseudomonas tolaasii, is the causal agent of the brown blotch disease of the cultivated mushroom. Tolaasin has a sequence of D‐amino acids in its N‐terminal region, then alternates L‐ and D‐amino acids, and bears a C‐terminal lactone macrocycle composed of 5‐residues. The solution structure of tolaasin in sodium dodecyl sulfate was studied by 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulated annealing calculations. Tolaasin forms an amphipathic left‐handed α‐helix in the regionDPro2‐DalloThr14 comprising the sequence of seven D‐amino acids and the adjacent L‐D‐L‐D‐D‐region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first recognized example of a left‐handed α‐helix including both D‐ and L‐amino acids. The lactone macrocycle adopts a “boat‐like” conformation and is shifted from the helical axis as to form a “golf‐club” overall conformation. These structural features will be of importance in understanding, and preventing, tolaasin's role in the bacterial colonization of the host plant, and its toxic action on cells. Furthermore, the observed antimicrobial activity together with the potential resistance to enzymatic degradation and the increased antigenicity (both due to the presence of L‐ and D‐amino acids) strongly suggests for tolaasin a potential role as a template model for the design of new therapeutic antibacterial molecules. Proteins 2003;52:534–543. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The chronotropic action of ATP and related compounds studied by direct perfusion of the sinus node.

ATP has an immediately profound but relatively transient negative chronotropic effect on direct perfusion of the sinus node of the dog. This effect is not altered by atropine. Adenosine, A5MP and ADP have actions similar to ATP. Adenine and creatine phosphate have no significant chronotropic action. Therefore, in ATP the phosphate bonds are not essential to its chronotropic action but the D-ribose chain is. Inosine, which has no chronotropic action, differs from adenosine only by having a hydroxyl group instead of an amino group at the 6-carbon position. Therefore, the amino group and D-ribose chain are both necessary for the negative chronotropic effect of adenosine (and ATP). Guanosine differs from adenosine principally in the location of an amino group at the 2-carbon instead of the 6-carbon, and its chronotropic effect (acceleration) is opposite to that of adenosine. Therefore, the position of the amino group has an important influence on the chronotropic action of these purine nucleosides. A2MP, A3MP and cyclic AMP all have a similar negative chronotropic action, which differs from that of ATP by being slower in onset and less marked in maximal degree but of longer duration. Therefore, the position of phosphate bonds on the D-ribose chain of adenine nucleotides modifies the nature of their negative chronotropic action. Two pyrimidine nucleosides (cytidine and uridine) and their nucleotides have no significant chronotropic action. The nucleotide of inosine is active, resembling ATP, while inosine is not. The nucleotide of guanosine is inactive, while guanosine accelerates the sinus node, an action which is unaffected by beta -receptor blockade. The significance of different actions by inosine and guanosine and their nucleotides is uncertain. DNP produces relatively gradual development of bradycardia on direct perfusion of the sinus node, and is unaffected by atropine. The negative chronotropic effect of DNP is not reversible with ATP but is reversed with CP (although not consistently). Reversal of DNP effect with CP indicates the canine sinus node can utilize CP as an energy source. On the basis of the present studies plus previous ones from this laboratory, and in light of other recent observations, it is suggested that the negative chronotropic action of dipyridamole is due to its adenosine-sparing effect. The possible significance of the negative chronotropic action of adenosine and ATP relative to the pathophysiology of depressed sinus node function in some cases of human acute myocardial infarction is discussed.
Memory-Aware Optimal Scheduling with Communication Overhead Minimization for Streaming Applications on Chip Multiprocessors

In this paper, we focus on solving the problem of removing inter-core communication overhead for streaming applications on chip multiprocessors. The objective is to totally remove inter-core communication overhead while minimizing the overall memory usage. By totally removing inter-core communication overhead, a shorter period can be applied and system throughput can be improved. Our basic idea is to let tasks with intra-period data dependencies transform to inter-period data dependencies so as to overlap the execution of computation and inter-core communication tasks. To solve the problem, we first perform analysis and obtain the bounds of the times needed to reschedule each task. Then we formulate the scheduling problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) model and obtain an optimal schedule. We perform simulations on a set of benchmarks from both real-life streaming applications and synthetic task graphs. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve significant reduction in schedule length and improve the memory usage compared with the previous work.
Efecto del estrés mental sobre los índices de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca y la entropía aproximada

Como objetivo nos planteamos describir el efecto que produce en sujetos sanos el estres inducido por una tarea aritmetica sencilla sobre la regularidad y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca. Se realiza un estudio cuasiexperimental pre-post (ante-despues) con un mezcla de 60 voluntarios sanos escogidos por muestreo no aleatorio. Se analizan los indices de variabilidad de frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) y los efecto sobre la regularidad midiendo el indice entropia aproximada (ApEn), un indicador matematico derivado de las dinamicas no lineales. Los intervalos R-R se obtienen de grabaciones holter en condiciones basales (control) y en condiciones experimentales. Encontramos un aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca (P=0.0031) y una disminucion del indice NN50 (P=0.047). Las areas LF (P=0.01) y HF (0.051) tuvieron un aumento estadisticamente significativo. El cociente LF/HF se incremento con el estres. La VFC es una tecnica no cruenta util para valorar la respuesta del SNA sobre la regulacion de la frecuencia cardiaca ante el estres mental inducido en laboratorio.
Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

Purpose of Review: This article summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of selected fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Key syndromes, differential diagnoses, and therapeutic interventions according to host immune status and exposure are reviewed. Recent Findings: Advancements in imaging of the brain and spinal cord, and molecular DNA and antigen-based laboratory diagnostics afford improved sensitivity for CNS mycoses. Newer therapeutic strategies may improve outcomes if provided early and host immunosuppression is abrogated. Adjunctive corticosteroid use for disabling neuroinflammation and cerebral edema in the setting of microbiological control may be considered. In addition, nonspecific presentations and absence of fevers in patients without human immunodeficiency virus suggest that screening for Cryptococcus meningitis be performed in all patients with subcortical dementias using a simple CSF or serum antigen test. Summary: CNS fungal infections comprise a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes, including abscesses, meningitis/meningoencephalitis, focal masses, stroke/vasculitides, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and spinal pathologies such as arachnoiditis. The main etiologies include Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Candida, Mucorales, dematiaceous molds, and dimorphic endemic fungi, with the route of acquisition being respiratory or traumatic inoculation with subsequent spread hematogenously or contiguously. Proper management focuses on early effective antifungal therapy and surgery for large or compressive mass lesions. While adjunctive recombinant cytokine or growth factor use has been supported in certain hosts with refractory infections, IRIS-like reactions may occur, suggesting alternative approaches such as high-dose pulse corticosteroids followed by taper.
The transient ytterbium doped fiber amplifier phase noise measurement using heterodyne detection

We have demonstrated phase noise measurements of ytterbium doped fiber amplifier on transient pumping process based on active phase locking using optical heterodyne detection from all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The intrinsic and extrinsic factors during amplifying process worsen coherence and lead to randomly fluctuated phase error. Root mean square, power spectral density, and phase drift velocity were employed as quantitative values for evaluating phase error. The results implied that main frequency bandwidth of phase noise was characterized by type of pumping process, output power, and fiber amplifier components. This platform can be utilized to evaluate phase noise error directly under the different amplifier configuration and condition, and it helps find better condition of amplifier for assuring rigid beam combining performance henceforth.
Comparison of self-report to interview assessment of bulimic behaviors among preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys.

OBJECTIVE To compare self-report to interview assessment of bulimic behaviors among adolescents. METHOD A sample of children in an ongoing study were recruited to complete in-depth telephone interviews in 1998 on bulimic behaviors (i.e., binge eating and purging). The sample comprised 449 girls and 50 boys. RESULTS There was some over-reporting of bulimic behaviors on the 1998 questionnaire (asking about 1997-1998) compared with the interview that may have been due to the shorter and nonoverlapping time frame in the interview compared with the questionnaire. Despite the overestimation, the questionnaire did an excellent job at classifying girls who did not purge (negative predictive values [NPV]: 0.99) or binge eat (NPV = 0.98). When purging on the interview was compared with purging on either the 1998 or 1999 questionnaires, the sensitivity increased substantially from 0.73 to 0.93. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that a short self-report assessment can be used to screen children engaging in, or at risk of beginning to engage in, binge eating and purging.
Group Gender Composition and Economic Decision-Making: Evidence from the Kallystée Business Game

This paper analyses data collected in 2012 and 2013 at the ESSEC Business School from Kallystee, a proprietary mass-attendance business game. Company boards are simulated by teams of five students selected at random. The design manipulates the gender composition of the boards to allow for all possible gender combinations. Data show that all-men and mixed teams with four women perform significantly better than all-women teams. However, when controlling for the average tolerance to risk score of the teams, the performance advantage of all-men teams vanishes, while the team-specific economic performance of teams with four women is still positive and strong. Teams with four women take more risks than the team tolerance to risk score would predict, which suggests some form of team specific action bias or risk-shift.
A study of social stereotype of body image in children.

The role of an individual's body configuration in social interactions and the effects of these interactions on self-concept is an important part of the total process of personality development. It is not uncommon to be the initiator or recipient of such statements as "He certainty is a crafty, wiry little thing," or "He is all skin and bones—must worry a lot. " It is reasonable to assume that the individual who is the recipient of statements which are based on another per- son's perception of his body is likely to incorpo- rate these perceptions into his own body concept. As a direct result of an individual's body con- figuration, he typically receives rather consistent reactions from others. These reactions thus provide a framework for his body concept, which becomes a significant part of the total self-concept.