Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Massive stars in massive clusters - IV. Disruption of clouds by momentum-driven winds

We examine the effect of momentum-driven OB-star stellar winds on a parameter space of simulated turbulent Giant Molecular Clouds using SPH hydrodynamical simulations. By comparison with identical simulations in which ionizing radiation was included instead of winds, we show that momentum-driven winds are considerably less effective in disrupting their host clouds than are HII regions. The wind bubbles produced are smaller and generally smoother than the corresponding ionization-driven bubbles. Winds are roughly as effective in destroying the very dense gas in which the O-stars are embedded, and thus shutting down the main regions of star-forming activity in the model clouds. However, their influence falls off rapidly with distance from the sources, so they are not as good at sweeping up dense gas and triggering star formation further out in the clouds. As a result, their effect on the star formation rate and efficiency is generally more negative than that of ionization, if they exert any effect at all.
Solving Dynamic Discrete Choice Models: Integrated or Expected Value Function?

Dynamic Discrete Choice Models (DDCMs) are important in the structural estimation literature. Since the structural errors are practically always continuous and unbounded in nature, researchers often use the expected value function. The idea to solve for the expected value function made solution more practical and estimation feasible. However, as we show in this paper, the expected value function is impractical compared to an alternative: the integrated (ex ante) value function. We provide brief descriptions of the inefficacy of the former, and benchmarks on actual problems with varying cardinality of the state space and number of decisions. Though the two approaches solve the same problem in theory, the benchmarks support the claim that the integrated value function is preferred in practice.
Porous Biomass Carbon Derived from Peanut Shells as Electrode Materials with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitors

A hierarchical porous carbon with high surface area derived from peanut shells was synthesized via a simple, valid and economical route involving hydrothermal treatment, ZnCl 2 activation and pyrolysis. The products were characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) tests. The electrochemical performance was explored by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance measurements. It was found that the peanut shell-derived carbon electrode materials in supercapacitors exhibited high capacitance (340 F g -1 ), excellent rate performance (54.7% capacitance retention from 0.25 A g -1 to 50 A g -1 ) and outstanding cycle stability (capacitance decay of 4.7% after 10000 cycles at 1 A g -1 ), which benefit from the unique hierarchical structure. The excellent electrochemical performance endows the peanut shell-derived carbon with promising prospects for high performance supercapacitors.
School Sorting : The Effects of Immigration

Many developed countries have been receiving large immigration inflows during the last couple of decades, which changed the demographics of school-age children in these countries. Such sudden changes are likely to have a serious impact on segregation of students between public versus private schools. In Spain, with immigration, both the proportion of native parents who choose to send their children to private schools as well as the proportion of immigrant parents who choose public institutions increased. Building on previous literature on school segregation and on cultural transmission I construct a model of school choice of natives and immigrants that can account for the segregation observed in Spain. The model economy is a singlecommunity, multi-neighborhood general equilibrium model for an economy populated by two overlapping generations of individuals that differ along two dimensions -income and cultural traitsand in which parental concerns about their children’s future income and their acquired cultural traits interact. I use the model economy to study the impact of immigration on segregation outcomes and to analyze alternative institutional arrangements that can affect the allocation of students across schools. JEL Classification: H42, H52, I21, I22, O15, Z1.
Sustainability Reporting and Income Smoothing: Evidence from Saudi-Listed Companies

A unique definition of sustainability, or sustainability reporting, does not exist, but it continues to progress and has emerged as one of the most critical issues in the business area. It is correlated with several contemporary social and disclosure practices, including corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental disclosure, corporate citizenship, green economy, and sustainable entrepreneurship. All these concepts are studied in an accounting context; in other words, accounting and its branches are adapted to the new phenomena of sustainability. This study focuses on the effect of sustainability reporting in earnings quality, using income smoothing as a proxy of earnings quality. I apply this study to Saudi Arabia because it is a petroleum country where notions of sustainability must be studied. Empirical results show an important level of reporting of sustainability that positively affects the practice of income smoothing.
Radiata pine corewood and slabwood, and their interrelations with pulp and handsheet properties.

The basic densities and tracheid lengths of the wood of nine 52-year-old radiata pine trees from the same site in Kaingaroa Forest were measured and related to kraft pulp and handsheet properties. From each tree core wood (wood billet containing 15 growth layers) and slabwood (outer 20 growth layers of a wood billet containing 40 growth layers) samples were chipped and pulped to kappa numbers of 27 ± 2. An additional 7 samples were taken at 5 internode intervals (5 growth layers) from the 10th to the 40th internodes of 3 trees with average basic densities. Each internode sample from each of the 3 trees was combined on equal oven-dry basis, and kraft pulps were prepared. Wood basic densities, chip basic densities, and wood tracheid lengths for each of the 25 samples were compared with weighted average pulp fibre lengths, pulp fibre cross-sectional dimensions, fibre wall thickness : fibre diameter ratios, and pulp fibre coarseness. For all 25 pulps, chip basic density was found to be the wood property most closely related to pulp and handsheet qualities. About 80% of the variation in handsheet tear, burst, and density properties were accounted for by variations in chip basic density. Inclusion of pulp fibre length in the regression analyses increased this variation accountability by 5-10%. Of the pulp properties measured, the wall thickness : fibre diameter ratio was most closely correlated with chip basic density and therefore with the selected handsheet characteristics. Fibre coarseness was slightly less highly correlated but probably of more practical importance because of the relative ease of measuring this pulp parameter.
Eddy covariance measurement of isoprene fluxes

A system has been developed to directly measure isoprene flux above a forest canopy by eddy covariance using the combination of a fast response, real-time isoprene sensor and sonic anemometer. This system is suitable for making nearly unattended, long-term and continuous measurements of isoprene fluxes. Isoprene detection is based on chemiluminescence between isoprene and reactant ozone, which produces green light at 500 nm. The sensor has a noise level (1σ) of 450 pptv for a 1-s integration which is dominated by random high-frequency noise that does not significantly degrade eddy covariance flux measurements. Interference from the flux of other compounds is primarily due to the emission of monoterpenes, propene, ethene and methyl butenol and the deposition of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone. The average total interference for North American landscapes in midday summer is estimated to be about 5% for emissions and -3% for deposition fluxes. In only a few North American landscapes, where isoprene emissions are very low and methyl butenol emissions are high, are interferences predicted to be significant. The system was field tested on a tower above a mixed deciduous forest canopy (Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA), dominated by oak trees, which are strong isoprene emitters. Isoprene fluxes were estimated for 307 half-hour sampling periods over 10 days. Daytime fluxes ranging from 1 to 14 mg C m-2 h-1 were strongly correlated with light and temperature. The daytime mean flux of 6 mg C m-2 h-1 were strongly correlated with light and temperature. The daytime mean flux of 6 mg C m-2 h-1 is similar to previous estimates determined by relaxed eddy accumulation by Geron et al. [1997] at this site. Nighttime fluxes were near zero (0.01 ± 0.03 mg C m-2 h-1).
Magnetic storm-induced enhancement in neutral composition at low latitudes as inferred by O(1D) dayglow measurements from Chile

We describe the effect of the 6 November 2001 magnetic storm on the low latitude thermospheric composi- tion. Daytime red line (OI 630.0 nm) emissions from Car- men Alto, Chile showed anomalous 2-3 times larger emis- sions in the morning (05:30-08:30 Local Time; LT) on the disturbed day compared to the quiet days. We interpret these emission enhancements to be caused due to the increase in neutral densities over low latitudes, as a direct effect of the geomagnetic storm. As an aftereffect of the geomagnetic storm, the dayglow emissions on the following day show gravity wave features that gradually increase in periodicities from around 30 min in the morning to around 100 min by the evening. The integrated dayglow emissions on quiet days show day-to-day variabilities in spatial structures in terms of their movement away from the magnetic equator in response to the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) development in the daytime. The EIA signatures in the daytime OI 630.0 nm column-integrated dayglow emission brightness show differ- ent behavior on days with and without the post-sunset Equa- torial Spread F (ESF) occurrence.
An examination of investor sentiment effect on G7 stock market returns

This paper examines the relationship between investor sentiment and G7 stock market returns. Using a range of investor sentiment proxies, including investor survey, equity fund flow, closed-end equity fund (CEEF) discount and equity put–call ratio, we examine if investor sentiment has a significant influence on value and growth stock returns as well as aggregate market returns. Using monthly data for the period January 1995–December 2007, our results depict a negative relationship between investor sentiment and future returns. We find results that are consistent with previous studies in that when investor sentiment is high (low), future returns are low (high). Our panel results display evidence of commonality across all the sentiment measures with the value stocks having a particularly strong effect relative to growth stocks. Furthermore, the effect of survey sentiment on future returns gradually decreases beyond the one-month forecast horizon. We observe evidence of price pressure on value stocks and the overall market due to increases in concurrent equity fund flow. Finally, the discount of CEEFs is also found to proxy for investor sentiment, with a narrower discount being associated with an increase (decrease) in value (growth) stocks.
Prophylactic low-dose G-CSF in patients with breast cancer experiencing grade 4 neutropenia during their previous (neo-) adjuvant (F)EC-chemotherapy cycle: Results of a pilot study

Grade 4 neutropenia is associated with an increased risk of infections. Low-dose lenograstim at 13 million units per day is commonly used in children undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. The present pilot study investigated the effect of prophylactic low-dose lenograstim (13 million units of lenograstim, GranozyteR, Sanofi-Aventis Pharma) in 20 patients with breast cancer who received (neo) adjuvant (F)EC (5-fluorouracil-epirubicin-cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy on days 3 to 10 of the chemotherapy cycle. All of them had experienced nadirs of absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) . 05). Grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 4% of lenograstim-supported cycles only. Antibiotics were necessary in 4% of cycles only. Grade 1 or 2 bone pain was recorded in 14%. In conclusion, an economic regimen of prophylactic low-dose lenograstim, administered at 13 million units per day over 8 days, has been demonstrated to maintain neutrophil levels above the critical level and thus to prevent grade 4 neutropenia. Trials comparing this regimen with pegylated G-CSF seem warranted.
Robo-AO Kepler Asteroseismic Survey. I. Adaptive Optics Imaging of 99 Asteroseismic Kepler Dwarfs and Subgiants

We used the Robo-AO laser adaptive optics (AOs) system to image 99 main sequence and subgiant stars that have Kepler-detected asteroseismic signals. Robo-AO allows us to resolve blended secondary sources at separations as close as ∼0. ″15 that may contribute to the measured Kepler light curves and affect asteroseismic analysis and interpretation. We report eight new secondary sources within 4. ″0 of these Kepler asteroseismic stars. We used Subaru and Keck AOs to measure differential infrared photometry for these candidate companion systems. Two of the secondary sources are likely foreground objects, while the remaining six are background sources; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that three of the objects may be physically associated. We measured a range of i′-band amplitude dilutions for the candidate companion systems from 0.43% to 15.4%. We find that the measured amplitude dilutions are insufficient to explain the previously identified excess scatter in the relationship between asteroseismic oscillation amplitude and the frequency of maximum power.
Written Language Profile of Children and Youth with Asperger Syndrome: From Research to Practice

The current study investigated written language skills of children and youth with Asperger Syndrome (AS). Sixteen children and youth with AS and 16 neurotypical peers were compared on a standardized test of written language skills and legibility of handwriting. To investigate more detailed characteristics, informal analyses were also made for written samples from these standardized tests. In written language skills, significant differences were not found between standardized scores of both groups; however, in hand writing skills, the group of individuals with AS produced significantly less legible letters and words than the neurotypical group. Informal analyses of written samples further reveal that the group of children and youth with AS appear to be able write quantitatively similar to their neurotypical peers with using grammatical rules but had difficulty producing qualitative writing. Implications for translating research to practice in teaching writing skills for children and youth with AS are discussed.
Paving the Way for Interreligious Dialogue, Tolerance, and Harmony: Following Mukti Ali’s Path

A known Indonesian Muslim scholar Mukti Ali (1923-2004) was very much concerned with dialogue, tolerance, and harmony among the people of different traditions, cultures, and religions. In his many academic works, he stressesed the importance of promoting, strengthening, and maintaining intercultural and interreligious dialogue, tolerance, and harmony. Not only did he produce various academic works, but also made efforts in putting his intercultural and interreligious ideas into practice. Both as a scholar and expert in the comparative study of religions and as Minister of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (1971-1978), Mukti Ali endlessly promoted intercultural and interreligiuos diologue, tolerance, and harmony. Realizing that Indonesia is a pluralistic society, Mukti Ali adopted an approach called ‘agree in disagreement’ in the effort of creating and supporting tolerance, harmony, and security among people of different religious traditions. This paper will highlight the principles and values which Mukti Ali struggled for during his long administrative and academic careers. [Mukti Ali (1923-2004) adalah salah seorang intelektual Muslim ternama di Indonesia. Dia dedikasikan hidupnya untuk menyemai dialog, toleransi dan kehidupan harmonis antar tradisi, budaya dan agama yang beragam. Dalam berbagai karya akademiknya, Mukti Ali selalu menekankan pentingnya kehidupan harmonis dan toleransi antar pemeluk agama dan budaya. Lebih dari itu, dia melampaui hanya sekedar batas pemikiran dengan mengimplementasikan gagasan-gagasannya tersebut. Sebagai seorang ilmuwan dengan keahlian perbandingan agama dan sebagai Menteri Agama RI (1971-1978), Mukti Ali dengan kukuh memperjuangkan dialog, toleransi dan kehidupan harmonis antar agama dan budaya. Mukti Ali sadar, Indonesia adalah negara yang plural, karena itu dia menawarkan pendekatan “agree in disagreement” untuk menciptakan harmoni dan toleransi tersebut. Tulisan ini mengulas prinsip dan nilai yang diperjuangkan Mukti Ali selama karir akademiknya dan sebagai Menteri Agama. ]
The etiology of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH) is multifactorial unclear and partly unknown but this pathologic entity is the final common pathway of traumatic or non-traumatic factors that compromise and at last interrupt

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a destructive disease that usually affects young adults with high functional demands and can have devastating effects on hip joint. The treatment depends on extent and location of the necrosis lesion and on patient’s factors, that suggest disease progression, collapse probability and also implants survival. Non-idiopathic osteonecrosis patients had the worst outcome. There is not a gold standard treatment and frequently it is necessary a multidisciplinary approach. Preservation procedures of the femoral head are the first choice and can be attempted in younger patients without head collapse. Replacement procedure remains the main treatment after failure of preserving procedures and in the late-stage ONFH, involving collapse of the femoral head and degenerative changes to the acetabulum. Resurfacing procedure still has good results but the patient selection is a critical factor. Total hip arthroplasties had historically poor results in patients with osteonecrosis. More recently, reports have shown excellent results, but implant longevity and following revisions are still outstanding problems.
Probing the binding behavior and kinetics of silver nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin

Nanomaterials have been utilized as multifunctional diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, the effective application of nanomaterials is hampered by our limited understanding and control over their interactions with specific biological systems. Elucidating the binding mechanism and kinetic behavior of metal nanomaterials with proteins is significant, and herein we investigate the interaction of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, ultraviolet (UV) absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) techniques in aqueous solutions. The experimental results indicated that the binding of AgNPs to BSA seems to be of a static quenching type with the formation of a ground state complex. With the determination of the binding constants and thermodynamic parameters, it is suggested that the binding process of AgNPs to the surface of BSA is spontaneous. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the main acting forces between the AgNPs and BSA may be hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. At the same time, synchronous fluorescence, FT-IR and CD techniques were employed to analyze the conformational change of BSA in the presence of AgNPs. The results of kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption of BSA on the AgNP surface tends to have pseudo-second-order kinetic characteristics with an obvious hysteresis effect.
Flow prediction in brain aneurysms using OpenFOAM

The goal of this project is to simulate blood flow in the human brain using the CFD software package OpenFOAM. The immersed boundary (IB) method has proven to be a suitable method for these type of simulations. An attempt is made to utilise the simplicity of the IB method without having to rely on grid cells which lay outside the region of interest, while maintainig the quality of the numerical solution. This reduction in the total number of cells, which can amount up to 95%, could lead to significantly less computation time. By consecutively studying flow simulations through model and realistic geometries, first order convergence of the numerical solution is shown, which compares to previous studies adopting the IB method, and even unexpected higher-order convergence is observed.
Socially responsible stock funds in Brazil

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to examine the risk-adjusted performance of Brazilian SRI stock funds. Design/methodology/approach - – Risk-adjusted performance of 11 Brazilian socially responsible investment (SRI) funds relative to local index funds and matched pairs of funds. Findings - – SRI funds performed as well as portfolios representing the broad market on a risk-adjusted basis, both before and during the global financial crisis. Independent investment houses are not interested in SRI funds. Large financial conglomerates may see these funds as part of their corporate social responsibility image strategy. Research limitations/implications - – Brazilian SRI funds are a very small niche in the stock mutual fund universe of the country, thus, the small sample (universe) of SRI funds, as far as the author's knew. One cannot say that independent asset managers do not include SRI screening in their stock selection criteria. The use of SRI screening by the most prominent independent asset managers is a potential topic for future research. Practical implications - – Brazilian SRI funds did not represent an extra screening filter cost to their investors. The majority of asset managers do not consider this strategy important enough to deserve an exclusive vehicle. Social implications - – As SRI funds did not posit an extra screening cost, they may deserve a greater share of the mutual fund market, stimulating more SRI. Originality/value - – The performance of Brazilian SRI stock funds had not been examined in the international literature. Brazil has vast natural resources, a very large economy and the fourth largest mutual fund industry in the world, but was overlooked.
Soil seed bank during succession at an abandoned pasture in the upper Paraná river-floodplain, Brazil

We evaluated density and species composition of the soil seed bank in active pasture and in secondary forest on a 10 year-old abandoned pasture to identify changes in density, richness, diversity and species composition during secondary succession of abandoned pastures. The implications of those changes for the forest recovery process were also considered. Soil samples were collected at Porto Rico island, state of Parana, in 2007. The seedling emergence method was used. Data on active pasture collected in 1996, published by Campos and Souza (2003) were used for comparative analysis. No evidence was found of a pattern of changes in density of the soil seed bank during succession of abandoned pastures. We observed increases in richness and diversity, in the contribution of tree and shrub species and dominance of herb species for the seed bank during the first 10 years of abandonment of pastures in riparian forests. At the end of succession, the soil used as pasture can result in systems that are different from the original environment, due to seed bank impoverishment and presence of exotic species.