Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partnerships , information and public safety Community policing in a time of terror

Congress has expressed concern that the Homeland Security agency might lack the power necessary to prevent future terrorist attacks. This paper argues that it less likely to be a lack of police power and more likely the misapplication of those powers that undermines the war on terror. Until one learns to police in ways that build trust within those communities least likely to willingly assist the police, no amount of additional funding or legal authority will increase the capacity of the police forces to gather the information needed. For neighborhood policing this means partnering with those most victimized by crime. For the war on terror, this means partnering with Arab-American communities. This examination of partnerships provides a basis for understanding how likely it is that current neighborhood policing practices will support a successful war on terror. Introduction Seventeen days after highjacked planes destroyed the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, The New York Times reported that President Bush had decided to create a Homeland Security Council, `̀ with powers to match those of the National Security Council’’: White House officials have also decided to create a homeland defense command within the military despite years of criticism from civil rights groups that a military assigned to protect the country could easily be transformed into a super police force (Becker and
THE EFFECT OF MATERIAL DISCONTINUITY ON THE FLANGES OF AXIALLY COMPRESSED STEEL CONES

This paper aims to present experimental data on the buckling behavior of mild steel truncated cones with local material discontinuity on the flange of a percentage of the hoop length of the small ends of the cone subjected to axial compression. Six truncated cones were manufactured with nominal geometry given by r2/t = 50.0, r2/r1 = 2.0, h/r2 = 2.24, β =12.58o and wall thickness, t = 1.0 mm. Cones were manufactured from welded mild steel plate with 6 mm thick integral top and bottom flanges. The flange is fully welded to the big end of the cone. While at the small end of the cone, material discontinuity is introduced. Results of experimental tests reveal that two nominally identical cones failed at almost the same magnitude of collapse load (49.35 kN and 50.39 kN). For axially compressed cones with material discontinuity at the top flange applied to a fraction of the circumference, experimental results also show that as the material discontinuity increases, the collapse load decreases. In conclusion, for axially compressed cones, material discontinuity on the flange of the fraction of the circumference leads to a reduction in the buckling load of the cone.
Joint supervision – a way to improve student learning during

All over the world, calls for more effective education and supervision of university students are increasing. Resources, however, are scarce, and faculties simultaneously face growing pressures to obtain funding, conduct research and publish results. How can one ensure effective supervision in pedagogical terms, i.e. supervision meeting students’ needs during the process of writing a thesis, and at the same time improve students learning, their skills and employability as well as strengthening links between teaching and research? This paper is a review of existing literature and data from actual practices. It deals with different models of supervising students in small groups and contributes with a typology and a more systematic overview of the strengths and weaknesses of using a model of joint thesis supervision. Research indicates that students learn more from joint supervision than from individual supervision. Challenges concern both students’ and supervisors’ competences and time. An interesting perspective is the existence of possible synergies between joint supervision and the supervisor’s research.
Analysis of Bone Mineral Density in Multiple Myeloma : A Comparison of Bone Mineral Density with Plain Radiography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , and Clinical Staging 1

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a widespread proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The common clinical features of MM are bone destruction, including osteolytic lesions, fracture, vertebral collapse, and osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry (DXA) is used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess fracture risk. DXA is a diagnostic technique based on low dose radiation that is non-invasive, has short scan times, involves a quick setup for patients, and has good measurement precision (1). It provides a value of BMD which can be compared with an ageand sex-matched reference range. The Saville index has been a widely used method for the grading of osteoporosis in daily practice (2). While osteoporosis is one of the major features of MM, there has been no study that the Saville index can be used for assessing osteoporosis even in MM to our knowledge. We wondered whether the pattern or extent of myeloma cell involvement on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was correlated with the degree of osteoporosis. There has been only one study comparing the MR pattern with the degree of osteoporosis in MM (3). Original Article
A G D I Working Paper WP / 17 / 038 Environmental Degradation , ICT and Inclusive Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Forthcoming : Energy Policy

This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) complements carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to influence inclusive human development in forty-four SubSaharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. ICT is measured with internet penetration and mobile phone penetration. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments. The findings broadly show that ICT can be employed to dampen the potentially negative effect of environmental pollution on human development. We establish that: (i) ICT complements CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption to increase inclusive development; (ii) ICT interacts with CO2 intensity to negatively affect inclusive human development and (iii) the net effect on inclusive human development is positive from the complementarity between mobile phones and CO2 emissions per capita. Conversely, we also establish evidence of net negative effects. Fortunately, the corresponding ICT thresholds at which these net negative effects can be completely dampened are within policy range, notably: 50 (per 100 people) mobile phone penetration for CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 intensity. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed. JEL Classification: C52; O38; O40; O55; P37
Advanced remote sensing : terrestrial information extraction and applications

"Advanced Remote Sensing" is an application-based reference that provides a single source of mathematical concepts necessary for remote sensing data gathering and assimilation. It presents state-of-the-art techniques for estimating land surface variables from a variety of data types, including optical sensors such as RADAR and LIDAR. Scientists in a number of different fields including geography, geology, atmospheric science, environmental science, planetary science and ecology will have access to critically-important data extraction techniques and their virtually unlimited applications. While rigorous enough for the most experienced of scientists, the techniques are well designed and integrated, making the book's content intuitive, clearly presented, and practical in its implementation. This title provides a comprehensive overview of various practical methods and algorithms. It provides detailed description of the principles and procedures of the state-of-the-art algorithms. It includes real-world case studies that open several chapters. It presents more than 500 full-color figures and tables. It is edited by top remote sensing experts with contributions from authors across the geosciences.
An Investigation into Factors that Affect Students’ Writing Skills: The Case of Sodo Secondary School

The study aimed at investigating grade nine students’ difficulties in using writing skills in EFL classroom. To achieve the intended objective of the study, descriptive research design was employed. To collect the data for the study, three research instruments were employed. They are: interviews, field notes, and questionnaire conducted with Grade Nine English teachers and students learning at the same grade level. Accordingly, the findings indicated that the practice of writing skill was not satisfactory. As it was revealed in the study, the teaching/learning activities using the writing skill in the actual classrooms of Grade Nine were not largely in line with the principles of skills teaching strategies. According to the present researchers’ investigation, the following difficulties were identified as major constraints affecting the use of writing skills, the poor back ground of the students towards the writing skill English, lack of classroom facilities, lack of appropriate teaching materials, lack of understanding about writing skills, and lack of motivation towards writing skill were crucial challenges that impeded the writing skills during the English lessons. According to the information provided by participants, shortage of time become one of the factors that hinders from expressing themselves in writing, were the most outstanding ones. Finally, recommendations were forwarded.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Spices and Herbs Essential Oils

Essential oils of marjoram (Origanum majorana), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), were tested for their antimicrobial activity against four Gram-negative bacteria, four Grampositive bacteria, four filamentous fungi and two yeast species which possess an importance as food spoilers or pathogenic microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of tested essential oils at different concentrations (1,2,3,5 and 10 mg/ml) was determined by the well agar diffusion method. Sage and thyme essential oils showed the highest inhibitory effect against tested microorganisms, followed by rosemary and marjoram essential oils. The microbial spectra were decreased with increasing the concentrations of essential oils.
Gender Dimensions in the Use of Mobile Phone SMS on Note-Taking and Comprehension of Audio-Taped Lecture Materials in Kogi State of Nigeria

This paper examined gender influence in the use of Mobile Phone Short Message Service (SMS) on note-taking and comprehension of materials presented through an audio system. Two research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The design of the study was quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest and posttest. A sample of 400 subjects was drawn from the research population of 800 using stratified simple random sampling procedure. Two instruments were used for data collection. One of the instruments was the Audio- Taped Lecture (ATL) and the second was the Test for Assessing Comprehension (TAC). These instruments designed by the researcher were subjected to validate. Reliability coefficients of 0.88 and 0.81 were obtained for ATL and TAC respectively. Data for the study were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the study included that SMS style of writing improved students’ note-taking competence as well as comprehension of the notes for both the male and female students and that there was no significant difference in performance based on gender. Recommendations included that students be encouraged to use SMS writing styles for note-taking during lectures and that the use of SMS for note-taking could be tailored towards correcting gender differences in achievement.
Response of the 1 – 5 day-aged ovine corpus luteum to prostaglandin F 2

The hypothesis that, in the ewe, prostaglandin (PG) F2 administration on day 3 after ovulation is followed by luteolysis and ovulation was tested using 24 animals. The ewes were treated with a dose of a PGF2 analogue (delprostenate, 160 g) on days 1 ( n = 8), 3 (n = 8) or 5 (n = 8) after ovulation, was established by transrectal ultrasonography. Daily scanning and blood sampling were performed to determine ovarian changes and progesterone serum concentrations by radioinmunoassay. The treatment induced a sharp decrease of progesterone concentrations followed by oestrus and ovulation in all ewes treated on days 3 and 5 and in one ewe treated on day 1 (8/8, 8/8, 1/8;P < 0.05). Seven ewes treated on day 1 did not respond to PGF2 treatment and had an inter-ovulatory cycle of normal length (17 .4 ± 0.5 days). However, the profile of progesterone concentrations during the cycle of these ewes was delayed 1 day ( P < 0.05) compared with a control cycle. The overall interval between PGF2 and oestrus for the 17 responding ewes was 42.4± 2.3 h. In 15 of these ewes the ovulatory follicle was originated from the first follicular wave and the ovulation occurred at 60 . 8 ± 1.8 h after PGF2 treatment. The other two responding ewes ovulated an ovulatory follicle originated from the second follicular wave between 72 and 96 h after treatment. These results support the hypothesis and suggest that refractoriness to PGF2 of the recently formed corpus luteum (CL) may be restricted to the first 1–2 days post-ovulation. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Learning to Reformulate the eries on the WEB

Inability of the naive users to formulate appropriate queries is a fundamental problem in web search engines. erefore, assisting users to issue more eective queries is an important way to improve users’ happiness. One eective approach is query reformulation, which generates new eective queries according to the current query issued by users. Previous researches typically generate words and phrases related to the original query. Since the denition of query reformulation is quite general, it is completely dicult to develop a uniform term-based approach for this problem. is paper uses readily available data, particularly over one billion anchor phrases in Clueweb09 corpus, in order to learn an end-to-end encoderdecoder model to automatically generate eective queries. Following successful researches in the eld of sequence to sequence models, we employ a character-level convolutional neural network with max-pooling at encoder and an aentionbased recurrent neural network at decoder. e whole model learned in an unsupervised end-to-end manner. Experiments on TREC collections show that the reformulated queries automatically generated by the proposed solution can signicantly improve the retrieval performance.
Hybrid CNN-SVM for Alzheimer's Disease Classification from Structural MRI and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder among the elders, which results in memory-related issues in subjects. An accurate classification of patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from healthy control subjects (HC) based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of critical clinical importance. In this paper, good intermediate representations of MRI are obtained from a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN). Principal component analysis (PCA) and sequential feature selection (SFS) are applied for feature selection, while a support vector machine (SVM) is adopted to evaluate the classification accuracy. 422 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) baseline MRI were used for development and validation of our proposed method. As a result, this paper achieved a classification accuracy of 90% for binary classification of AD and HC, 81% for AD and MCI and 72% for MCI and HC.
A Finite Element approach for the design of innovative ablative materials for space applications

The flow field around hypersonic vehicles requires a properly designed Thermal Protection System for the vehicle survival. For particularly stressing re-entry conditions (e.g. for super-orbital velocities) the globally endothermic material recession, known as ablation, can be exploited to reduce the heat flux entering the internal structure. The objective of the present work is to present a numerical procedure developed on the basis of the ANSYS Parametric Design Language to simulate the ablation process and the temperature distribution inside materials subjected to severe heat flux conditions with a Finite Element approach. The preliminary numerical results are validated through a cross-checking against numerical and experimental test cases reported in literature. Then the statistical Design Of Experiments technique is applied to verify the influence of some inputs on the main ablation parameters.
Restricted processing of CD 16 a / Fc g receptor IIIa N-glycans from primary human NK cells impacts structure and function

CD16a/Fc γ receptor IIIa is the most abundant antibody Fc receptor expressed on human natural killer(NK) cells and activates a protective cytotoxic response following engagement with antibody clustered on the surface of a pathogen or diseased tissue. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) with greater Fc-mediated affinity for CD16a show superior therapeutic outcome, however, one significant factor that promotes antibody-CD16a interactions, the asparaginelinked carbohydrates(N-glycans), remains undefined. Here, we purified CD16a from the primary NK cells of three donors and identified a large proportion of hybrid(22%) and oligomannose N-glycans(23%). These proportions indicated restricted N-glycan processing and were unlike those of the recombinant CD16a forms, which have predominantly complex-type N-glycans(82%). Tethering recombinant CD16a to the membrane by including the transmembrane and intracellular domains and via co-expression with the Fc ε receptor γ–chain in HEK293F cells was expected to produce N-glycoforms similar to NK cell-derived CD16a but yielded N-glycoforms different from NK cell-derived CD16a and recombinant soluble CD16a. Of note, these differences in CD16a Nglycan composition affected antibody binding: CD16a with oligomannose N-glycans bound IgG1 Fc with 12-fold greater affinity than did CD16a having primarily complex-type and highly branched N-glycans. The changes in binding activity mirrored changes in NMR spectra of the two CD16a glycoforms, indicating that CD16a glycan composition also affects the glycoprotein’s structure. These results indicated that CD16a from primary human NK cells is compositionally, and likely also functionally, distinct from commonly used recombinant forms. Furthermore, our study provides critical evidence that cell lineage determines CD16a N-glycan composition and antibody binding affinity. Introduction Antibodies activate a diverse set of protective responses following the recognition of a previously-encountered epitope. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) circumvent prior exposure to induce a protective response against diseased tissue by eliciting the same protective mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) through binding Fc g receptors (FcgRs), and represent a major drug class worth tens of billions of dollars each year in global sales. MAbs are predominantly built from immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a large proportion bind FcgRs expressed on a range of leukocytes to initiate target destruction. However, very little is known about the composition of FcgRs from native leukocytes and how this composition affects IgG binding and thus treatment efficacy. http://www.jbc. org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.RA117.001207 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on January 12, 2018 as Manuscript RA117.001207 Copyright 2018 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on July 4, 2018 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from
SIMULATION OF LONG-TERM MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE WESTERN SCHELDT

In this paper we use a 2D process-based model to hindcast morphodynamic behavior of the Western Scheldt estuary. The periods of 1860-1970 (110 years) and 1905-1970 (65 years) are simulated. We compare the results to a historically unique dataset of bathymetric maps. The results show that the model results get better over time. The results show that the model is capable of simulating the large scale erosion and sedimentation that has occurred in the considered period. We attribute this to the self-organization of both the model and reality. The interaction between the major tidal forcing and the estuaries' fixed outline overrules other uncertainties over long time scales. Our research shows that process-based models applied in confined environments and under constant forcing conditions may perform well especially on long time scales. This makes them potentially suitable for centennial time scale forecasts related to, for example, climate change.
A General Combinatorial Auction Procedure

We describe a general combinatorial auction procedure called PAUSE (Progressive Adaptive User Selection Environment) which incorporates synergies b y permitting all combinatorial bids, is transparent to the bidders, and is computationally tractable for the auctioneer and thus very eÆcient to run. The inherent computational complexity of combinatorial bidding cannot be eliminated. However, in this auction the computational burden of evaluating synergies rests with the bidders claiming those synergies, while the auctioneer simply chec ksthat a bid is valid. Although the combinatorial bidding mechanism is precisely speci ed, the speci c parameters and auxiliary rules of the auction need to be determined; w emake suggestions for future work in this direction. Also included is an example that illustrates how the procedure could be used to assign radio spectrum licenses. (Auctions; Combinatorial Bidding; Spectrum; T ele communic ations; Synergies)
Consideration of the time scales and vertical extent of stratosphere – troposphere exchange events reveals new insight into this phenomenon and its impact on surface ozone

NOVEMBER 2003 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | S tratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) is important for the chemical composition of both the lowermost stratosphere (LS) and the troposphere. Modifications thereof in a changing climate may significantly affect stratospheric ozone depletion (Butchart and Scaife 2001) and the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere (Lelieveld and Dentener 2000). However, STE is still poorly understood and inadequately quantified, due to the involvement of physical and dynamical processes on local to global scales (Holton et al. 1995), and conceptual problems. On a long-term and global scale, and in the zonally averaged sense (Brewer 1949), there is slow ascent from the troposphere to the stratosphere in the Tropics (Plumb 1996; Mote et al. 1996), quasi-isentropic transport to the extratropics in the stratosphere (Waugh 1996), and downward flow from the stratosphere to the troposphere in middle and higher latitudes (Fig. 1). This circulation is related to the dissipation of extratropical planetary and gravity waves in the stratosphere (Haynes et al. 1991). Based upon calculations of the monthly averaged hemispheric mass flux into the LS (Rosenlof 1995) and of the mass of the LS, the monthly mean net mass flux across the tropopause can be evaluated (Appenzeller et al. 1996). This two-dimensional picture may suggest that STE in the extratropics is a continuous downward flow. However, actual STE is highly episodic, associated with strong mesoscale perturbations of the tropopause (Appenzeller and Davies 1992), and occurs in both directions. In situ and remote sensing observations have produced evidence for the existence of layers of originally tropospheric air in the midlatitude LS (Hintsa et al. 1998; Vaughan and Timmis 1998), and stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere (Danielsen 1968; Stohl and Trickl 1999). In order to assess the impact of STE on atmospheric chemistry, STE mass fluxes and geographical distributions of STE must be calculated from global meteorological data. Traditionally Eulerian diagnosA NEW PERSPECTIVE OF STRATOSPHERE–TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE