Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incorporating qualitative audience research into French film studies: the case of Gazon maudit (Balasko, 1995)

Abstract The audience remains a relatively unexplored area of French film studies. Although allusions to reception are common, these tend to be based on spectator positions identified within films. This article explores the advantages of combining close textual analysis with a small-scale empirical study of audience responses in developing knowledge about reception of French films. Through its focus on Josiane Balasko's Gazon maudit, the article begins with a critical discussion of how the audience has been described in text-based readings of the film. An outline of the audience study methodology follows and this includes an account of the recruitment methods as well as an overview of the approach to the data analysis. The responses provide the focus of the last section which examines how the participants construct their social identities and enhance their status through their reactions to and exchanges about the film. The conclusion argues for the development of audience research methodologies in French cinema studies more broadly.
Neuroinvasion by Scrapie following Inoculation via the Skin Is Independent of Migratory Langerhans Cells

ABSTRACT Many natural transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) infections are likely to be acquired peripherally, and studies in mice show that skin scarification is an effective means of scrapie transmission. After peripheral exposure, TSE agents usually accumulate in lymphoid tissues before spreading to the brain. The mechanisms of TSE transport to lymphoid tissues are not known. Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in the epidermis and migrate to the draining lymph node after encountering antigen. To investigate the potential role of LCs in scrapie transportation from the skin, we utilized mouse models in which their migration was blocked either due to CD40 ligand deficiency (CD40L−/− mice) or after caspase-1 inhibition. We show that the early accumulation of scrapie infectivity in the draining lymph node and subsequent neuroinvasion was not impaired in mice with blocked LC migration. Thus, LCs are not involved in TSE transport from the skin. After intracerebral inoculation with scrapie, wild-type mice and CD40L−/− mice develop clinical disease with similar incubation periods. However, after inoculation via skin scarification CD40L−/− mice develop disease significantly earlier than do wild-type mice. The shorter incubation period in CD40L−/− mice is unexpected and suggests that a CD40L-dependent mechanism is involved in impeding scrapie pathogenesis. In vitro studies demonstrated that LCs have the potential to acquire and degrade protease-resistant prion protein, which is thought to be a component of the infectious agent. Taken together, these data suggest that LCs are not involved in scrapie transport to draining lymphoid tissues but might have the potential to degrade scrapie in the skin.
The Cryptic Bombus lucorum Complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Austria: Phylogeny, Distribution, Habitat Usage and a Climatic Characterization Based on COI Sequence Data.

Silas Bossert, Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn, Johann Neumayer, Bernhard Schneller, and Harald W. Krenn (2016) The Bombus lucorum complex represents a group of three distinct but cryptic bumblebee species in Europe. With the advent of DNA-based identification methods, their species status was confirmed and the use of COI barcoding proved to be an especially useful tool for species identification within the group. Meanwhile, the identification based on morphology remains difficult and recent studies challenged the general distinguishability by revealing an important character to be unreliable. This has consequences for our understanding of the distribution and ecology of the species in Europe and aggravates our patchy knowledge of the situation in Austria and the whole area of the European Alps. In this study, we investigate the exact species composition and distribution of the Bombus lucorum complex in Austria based on the reliable species identification with COI sequence data. The habitat usage is studied and the first extensive investigation of altitudinal and climatic differentiation is provided. The results support three distinct genotypic groups in the Bombus lucorum complex. B. lucorum and B. cryptarum co-occur in several areas across the country, with B. lucorum being the most common and most widespread species. The study provides no evidence for the presence of B. magnus in Austria. The less common species, B. cryptarum, mainly occurs in the high mountains and is the predominant species of the complex above altitudes of 2100 m a.s. l. Further, B. cryptarum is almost absent from woodlands and is relatively more abundant in habitats with colder climate than B. lucorum in Austria. Additionally, the results indicate a very low intraspecific genetic variation within B. lucorum and B. cryptarum. This study confirms previous findings of three distinct species within the species complex. Based on reliable COI identification, the first coherent overview of the species complex in Austria can be achieved. The climatic data allows us to explain the differences in the distribution patterns. Moreover, the low intraspecific variation may indicate past bottleneck conditions for B. lucorum and B. cryptarum.
Approximation of source-oriented centrality in large networks and community detection

Social networks are nowadays a key factor shaping the way people interacting with each other. Therefore it is of great interest for researchers in industry and academia to analyse them. Among various methods, centrality measure and community detection are the two core approaches to uncover and understand the structure of networks. In this thesis, we propose a new centrality measure which emphasizes on locality. We develop a straightforward method for computing the centrality values of the nodes in a network. In order to apply to platforms in reality, which may have millions of users, we then present an efficient algorithm with guaranteed error bound for approximating the centrality values. Later in the thesis, we adopt the results on our new centrality measure to explore communities in a network. We evaluate our algorithms on several datasets. The results show that our approaches work surprisingly well on real world networks.
Electromigration failure mechanisms for SnAg3.5 solder bumps on Ti∕Cr-Cu∕Cu and Ni(P)∕Au metallization pads

54.5° C, and the thermal gradient reached 365 °C/c mwhen stressed by 13 10 4 A/c m 2 . This induced thermal gradient may cause atoms to migrate from the chip side to the substrate side, contributing to the failure in the anode/chip side. Moreover, the formation of intermetallic compounds in the anode/chip side may also be responsible for the failure in the anode/chip side. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1788837]
Logarithmic Time Decay for the Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

We study the Cauchy problem for the one dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation { iut + 12uxx = N , x ∈ R, t > 1, u (1, x) = u0 (x) , x ∈ R, (1.1) where N = λeiπ2 u + |u| u, 0 1, u (1, x) = u0 (x) , x ∈ R, where λ, ω, κ ∈ R, λ, κ = 0, can be reduced to (1.1) by changing the dependent variable u = 1 κe i γ2 −i4 v, and replacing λκ by λ.
An Empirical Characterization of Wireless Network Behavior

Existing work on understanding 802.11 wireless network behavior has been largely unsatisfactory for practical settings. Widely used simulators rely on unrealistic assumptions about signal propagation, while more detailed radio models are too complex to configure for predicting performance of an actual wireless system. To gain a more accurate understanding of wireless behavior in practice, we use experimentation on a wireless testbed and in controlled settings to effectively characterize packet delivery. We contribute a simple measurement-based model of wireless behavior, supported by empirical observations of relevant physical effects. Our model and observations can be used directly for designing and improving wireless protocols and systems in practice.
The role of the model in mate‐choice copying in female zebra finches

Previous studies have shown that zebra finch females copy the mate choice of other females by choosing a mate of the same phenotype as the one chosen by another female (model). Little is known about the influence of the model female on the mate choice of the observing female. Therefore, we investigated the role of the model female in mate-choice copying by manipulating her phenotype. Test females could choose between an unadorned male and an artificially adorned male, that is, wearing a red feather on the forehead. During a 2h observation period, test females could observe a single male in one cage and a male–female pair in another cage. In treatment one, the single male was unadorned and both the male and the female of the pair (model female) were adorned. In treatment two, the single male was adorned, the male of the pair unadorned and the model female adorned. Afterwards, test females could again choose between two new males, one adorned and one unadorned. In treatment one, test females first showed no preference for one of the two males, but avoided adorned males after the observation period. In treatment two, test females lost an initial preference for unadorned males after the observation period. In both treatments, test females did not copy the mate choice of the adorned model female. Adorned model females seemed to have a negative influence on the attractiveness of their mates' phenotype. Test females might have recognised model females as females of a different phenotype within their species which are adapted to different environmental conditions, or even have recognised model females as a female of another species. Our study demonstrates the important role of the model female in the complex public information network in zebra finches.
Investigating Burnout among Iranian EAP Teachers: A Comparison of Content instructors and ELT Instructors

English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses are currently well-established university programs. These courses are run independently by English Language Teaching (ELT) instructors and content instructors without any collaboration. However, ELT instructors and content instructors do not receive the same level of collegiality and social support from the organizations and students. This paper probed burnout among Iranian EAP teachers, including content instructors and ELT instructors in 28 state universities and its variations in relation to their demographic and organizational characteristics. To this aim, the Persian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered to content instructors (N=185) and ELT instructors (N=86) in the state universities in Iran. The results of the study indicated that while most of EAP teachers, both content instructors and ELT instructors, had low burnout, a considerable number had mid-levels of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. The findings of the study also indicated that the ELT instructors had higher emotional exhaustion than the content instructors, and it was also found that the content instructors with more than 13 years of experience and the ELT instructors with more than 20 years of experience in teaching such courses had the lowest burnout. Based on the findings of the study, educational administrators are suggested to take remedial and preventive actions against EAP teachers’ burnout and enhance ELT instructors’ occupational well-being. It also seems necessary to assist EAP teachers in adapting to the requirements of teaching EAP courses through pre/in-service teacher training courses to obviate the need for extensive experience for gaining expertise in it.
Utilisation of Earthworm Meal in Partial Replacement of Soybean and Fish Meals in Diets of Broilers

Abstract Loh, T.C, Fong, L.Y. , Foo, H.L. , Thanh, N.T. and Sheikh-Omar, A.R. 2009. Utilisation of earthworm meal in partial replacement of soybean and fish meals in diets of broilers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 36: 29–32. To study the effect of worm meal (WM) as partial replacement of soybean and fish meals in the diets, a total of 245 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five different treatment groups (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% WM) in partial replacement of soybean and fish meals for a period of 6 weeks. The final body weight, growth rate and feed efficiency of the 10% and 15% WM groups broiler were better (P<0.05) than that of the control group with no effect on feed intake. The digestibility of crude protein for WM was 63%. 10% WM group gave a higher (P<0.05) lactic acid bacteria counts and showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in Enterobacteriaceae count or fecal pH. These results suggest that WM could be used to replace soybean and fish meals between 10 to 15% in broiler diets.
Effect of Fund Size on the Performance of Mutual Funds

Mutual Fund is one of the most important mechanisms for indirect investment in financial markets, which provides better conditions in terms of risk and return, especially for amateur investors. This research examined the effect of fund size on the performance of Iranian mutual funds. The research was carried out on all Iranian mutual funds during 2007 to 2011.There are several aspects and dimensions in evaluating the performance of mutual funds, but this study focused on five aspects: namely Sharpe measure; Jensen differential measure; Treynor measure; Sortino measure and Information measure. Correlation coefficients between all the parameters were computed to assess the degree of relationship between fund size and performance of mutual funds. The findings highlighted no significant relationship between fund size and performance, whether Fixed Income Instruments or Big and Small Cap Stock mutual funds.
Cenozoic Global Plate Motions

Cenozoic global plate motions relative to the hot spots are investigated and compared to plate motions in a mean-lithosphere reference frame. Plate motions were analyzed over six time intervals divided by ages (10, 25, 43, 48, and 56 Ma) chosen, as much as possible, to coincide with key plate reorganizations. Alternative motion circuits and rotational parameters were considered and evaluated with paleomagnetic data from the Pacific and North American plates. The circuit found to be in best agreement with the paleomagnetic data is one in which the hot spots in the Atlantic region are assumed to be fixed relative to the hot spots in the Pacific region. Throughout the Cenozoic, the hot spot and mean-lithosphere reference frames have been in continual, slow relative motion. The rate of motion is nonuniform, however, most of the motion having occurred during the middle Cenozoic. The net Cenozoic rotation of the lithosphere relative to the hot spots is described by a right-handed rotation of 7° about a Euler pole at 46°S, 87°E, which yields a 5° displacement of the north poles of the two reference frames. This motion is small enough that inferences drawn about plate speeds in one reference frame should be valid in the other. Analysis of the global motions resulting from our preferred model showed that many characteristics of current plate motions have persisted throughout the Cenozoic. Plate speeds correlate with latitude, plates moving faster near the equator than near the poles throughout the Cenozoic. As at present, continental plates (except for the Indian plate) moved slower than oceanic plates throughout the Cenozoic. Even the structure of the velocity fields as revealed in a contour of root-mean-square velocities in equatorial bands persists throughout the Cenozoic. The migration of the paleomagnetic axis over time is also compared to the hot spot and mean-lithosphere reference frames. The paleomagnetic axis has shifted 5°–10° relative to the hot spot frame, and a lesser amount relative to the mean-lithosphere frame.
Les cols blancs de l'Assemblée nationale. À propos de : Delphine Gardey, Le linge du Palais-Bourbon. Corps, matérialité et genre du politique à l’ère démocratique

Qu’est-ce que les vetements et tissus de l’Assemblee nationale disent du fonctionnement d’une institution politique ? En s’attachant aux coulisses de ce petit monde, Delphine Gardey reincarne la production des lois et des discours, et ouvre l’analyse des matieres du pouvoir.
Two-stage Fuel Direct Injection in a Diesel Fuelled HCCI Engine

Two-stage fuel direct injection (DI) has the potential to expand the operating region and control the autoignition timing in a Diesel fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. In this work, to investigate the dual-injection HCCI combustion, a stochastic reactor model, based on a probability density function (PDF) approach, is utilized. A new wall-impingement sub-model is incorporated into the stochastic spray model for direct injection. The model is then validated against measurements for combustion parameters and emissions carried out on a four stroke HCCI engine. The initial results of our numerical simulation reveal that the two-stage injection is capable of triggering the charge ignition on account of locally rich fuel parcels under certain operating conditions, and consequently extending the HCCI operating range. Furthermore, both simulated and experimental results on the effect of second injection timing on combustion indicate that there exists an optimal second injection timing to gain maximum engine output work for a given fuel split ratio.
Global phylogeography of the genus Capreolus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), a Palaearctic meso‐mammal

Areas of sympatry and hybridization of closely related species can be difficult to assess through morphological differences alone. Species which coexist and are similar morphologically may be distinguished only with molecular techniques. The roe deer (Capreolus spp.) is a meso-mammal having a Palaearctic distribution, with two closely related species: the European C. capreolus and the Siberian C. pygargus. We analysed mtDNA sequences from 245 individuals, sampled through all the entire range of the genus, to investigate the distribution of genetic lineages and outline phylogeographical patterns. We found that: (1) a C. pygargus lineage occurs in Poland and Lithuania, much farther west than the area which so far was believed its westernmost limit; (2) no haplotype of this C. pygargus lineage matches any found in East Europe and Asia – this should rule out human introductions and may indicate Pleistocene–Holocene migrations from the east; (3) no geographical structuring of C. pygargus lineages occurs, questioning the existence of putative subspecies; (4) several genetic lineages of C. capreolus can be recognized, consistent with the existence of two subspecies, respectively in central–southern Italy and southern Spain. Coalescence times suggest that intraspecific variation in C. capreolus and C. pygargus developed approximately 100–10 kya. The extant mitochondrial lineages pre-dated the Last Glacial Maximum. Capreolus pygargus must have moved westward to Central Europe, where at least one genetic lineage still survives, coexisting with C. capreolus.
Orbital Period Modulation in SW Cygni

Abstract The O–C curve of the Algol-type eclipsing binary SW Cyg was analyzed using the Kalimeris method. The observed period variations with time, the P(E) function and its rate of change dP/dE, were calculated. The plots of O–C values as well as of P(E) and dP/dE against ephemeris (E) all show rather regular period variations in this system. To reveal any cyclic period variations, the P(E) function was subjected to Fourier analysis. A cyclic period change of average ≈27.8-yr duration was obtained. Also a relative mass transfer rate of Δm/m = −1.1 × 10−9 yr−1 was estimated. Finally the existence of a third companion is suggested, and possible causes of period variations in the system are discussed.
Korean Students' Awareness and the Use of the Summarizing Rules in English

This study addresses the awareness and use of the summarizing rules by Korean English learners. There are four summarizing rules examined in this study: selection, reproduction, transformation, and intrusion. College students and high school students were mostly involved and Korean language instructors and advanced English users participated as reference groups. The awareness of the summarizing rules was assessed by questionnaire and the actual use of the summarizing rules was analyzed by frequencies of the rules used in the summaries. This study found that the participants who had more experience of writing summaries understood the summarizing rules better. Ignorance of the intrusion rule caused the students to add their personal opinions in their summaries. Language proficiency influenced paraphrasing and integrating ideas. The findings of this study will present features of L2 summarizing and offer some pedagogical implications for teaching summarizing and L2 writings. Direct instruction on the summarizing rules helps students to use the rules properly. Summarizing is not appropriate for testing comprehension, at least in L2 situations, since lower language ability was an obstacle to write a good summary.
Trends in floods in small Norwegian catchments - instantaneous vs. daily peaks

This study compares trends in both the magnitude and frequency of high flow events in small catchments in Norway, using both daily and instantaneous data. Datasets of 31 annual maxima and 24 peak over-threshold series were analysed to detect spatial and temporal changes, addressing the question of whether floods have increased and/or become more frequent in Norway, and for improving flood estimates for climate change adaptation. All series were assessed for temporal autocorrelation prior to analysis. The Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to study changes, with trends evaluated for field significance. Results suggest that trends in the frequency of high flow events are stronger than the trend in the magnitude of annual maxima flood events. Similar spatial patterns are obtained when using daily and instantaneous flood peak data, but the number of stations showing a trend in both annual maxima and peak over threshold series is less pronounced when comparing daily with instantaneous data.
C REDITS : 18 EC Frame Interpolation using Convolutional Neural Networks on 2 D animation

Frame interpolation is a computer vision task that is largely performed on real life video to increase the number of frames. 2D animation could also benefit from this as drawing each individual frame takes a considerable amount of time. Existing 2D animations can also benefit from this by increasing the current frame rate and by increasing the number of frames. Proper frame interpolation requires an understanding of the subjects within frames to accurately perform. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been proven to be very good at object detection and could aid the process of specific frame interpolation. Frame interpolation has been done before using CNNs on real-world videos. 2D animation differs from real life video in important ways. Several approaches using CNNs have been proposed in this thesis to perform frame interpolation in the domain of 2D animation. Results show that these methods do not perform as well on 2D animation as it does on real life video, because of larger object displacements, lack of constant motion and overall noise caused by stylistic choices.