Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst adolescents and identification of risk factors

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are global nutritional concerns that are on the rise. These are among the most prevalent nutritional problems in the developed and developing countries and are associated with increased consumption of processed and fast foods, dependence on television and computers for leisure and less physically active lifestyle. Methods: The study has been conducted in the Department of Pediatric of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur. The study was a cross sectional analytical study conducted in schools of Jaipur. This study was done from August 2011 to November 2011 and 180 patients of aged between 10 to 18 years of age were enrolled. Results: In this study, we found the prevalence of overweight to be 32.65 percent in males and 34.15 percent in females. It was seen that 33.67 percent males and 32.93 percent females belonged to the obese category. It was seen that majority of overweight (65 percent) and obese (73.33 percent) adolescents lead a physically inactive lifestyle. None of the overweight and obese adolescents were involved in physical activity for more than an hour. The observation was significant (p=0.000). Most of the overweight and obese adolescents had appropriate diet. However, 11 of the overweight and 27 among adolescents consumed calories more than the requirement. This observation was found to be significant (p=0.000). Out of 149 adolescents consuming fast food, 59 were overweight and 51 were obese. This observation was found to be significant (P=0.015). Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight was 32 percent in boys and 34 percent in girls and the prevalence obesity was 33 percent in boys and 32 percent in the girls. There was no significant difference in overweight and obesity between boys and girls. Hours of physical activity, diet, consumption of fast food had a significant association with B.M. I. It was, therefore, concluded that reduced physical activity for less than 1 hour for less than 3 days a week, increased caloric intake and increased consumption of fast food have a significant association with BMI.
Heteroepitaxy between wurtzite and corundum materials

Heteroepitaxy of wurtzite semiconductors on corundum substrates is widely used in modern optoelectronic devices, because both crystals belong to the same hexagonal close-packed system. However, the constituent atoms in the wurtzite structure align in an ideal hexagon within the (0001) plane, whereas those in the corundum structure are displaced due to empty octahedral sites. Herein, we demonstrate that this atomic arrangement mismatch at the interface generates low-angle grain boundaries in epilayers, and step bunching of corundum substrates with an even number of molecular layers can eliminate the boundaries. Furthermore, we propose that the weakened epitaxial relationship between epilayers and substrates also eliminates low-angle grain boundaries, which may be useful for practical applications.
Nutritional Status and Hygiene Behavior of Government Primary School Kids in Central Bangladesh

The study was conducted among kids at the campus of Town Government Primary School, Darul Ulum Government Primary School and Jahangir Smrity Seberasrom Government Primary School in Tangail municipality, the hub of the Tangail district and consequently the central body of Bangladesh. From these three schools 60% (n= 45) boys and 40% (n=30) girls were selected for the study by using the simple random sampling method. Results reveal that 80% (n=12), 73.33% (n=11), 86.67% (n=13), 80% (n=12) and 77.33% (n=11) school kids were in underweight at class 1 to class 5 orderly, 20% (n=3) kids were in normal weight at classes 1, 2 and 4 and 13.33% (n=2) and 6.67% (n=1) kids in normal weight at classes 5 and 3. 6.67% (n=1) kids were overweight at classes 2, 3 and 5 and 6.67% (n=1) was obese in class 5. The basic hygiene behaviors of children have significant positive effects on their nutritional status. Almost 100% school kids told that they always washed their hands with shop before and after meal taking and after the use of toilet and 98.67% (n=74) washed their hand coming back home from outside. About 77.78% (n=35), 17.78% (n=8) and 4.44% (n=2) boys brushed their teeth two, one and three times a day respectively while 66.67% (n=20), 20% (n=6) and 13.33% (n=4) girls brushed teeth two, one and three times a day respectively. The study also showed that 97.78% (n=44) boys and 93.33% (n=28) girls used sandal all the day as one of their main hygiene practices.
The Process of Postmerger Integration: A Review and Agenda for Future Research

Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) continue to be prevalent despite frequently yielding disappointing outcomes. Postmerger integration plays a critical role in M&A success, yet many questions about M&A implementation remain unanswered. In this article, we review research on postmerger integration, which we organize around strategic integration, sociocultural integration, and experience and learning. We then lay out a research agenda that centers on expanding our understanding of processual dynamics in postmerger integration. We focus on opportunities related to temporality, decision-making, practices and tools, and emotionality.
How Robust Are Trends in the Brewer-Dobson Circulation Derived from Observed Stratospheric Temperatures?

AbstractMost global circulation models and climate–chemistry models forced with increasing greenhouse gases predict a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) in the twenty-first century, and some of them claim that such strengthening has already begun at the end of the twentieth century. However, observational evidence for such a trend remains inconclusive. The goal of this paper is to examine the evidence for observed trends in the stratospheric overturning circulation using a suite of currently available observational stratospheric temperature data. Trends are examined as “departures” from the global mean temperature, since such trends reflect the effects of dynamics and spatially inhomogeneous radiative forcing and are to first order independent of the direct radiative effects of increasing well-mixed greenhouse gas concentrations.The primary conclusion of the study is that temperature observations do not reveal statistically significant trends in the Brewer–Dobson circulation over the per.
Etendues and stacks as bicategories of fractions

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Alteration of the upper oceanic crust: mineralogy and processes in Deep Sea Drilling Project hole 504B, Leg 83.

Leg 83 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project has deepened Hole 504B to over 1 km into basement, 1350 m below the seafloor (BSF). The hole previously extended through 274.5 m of sediment and 561.5 m of pillow basalts altered at low temperature (< 100°C), to 836 m BSF. Leg 83 drilling penetrated an additional 10 m of pillows, a 209-m transition zone, and 295 m into a sheeted dike complex. Leg 83 basalts (836-1350 m BSF) generally contain superimposed greenschist and zeolite-facies mineral parageneses. Alteration of pillows and dikes from 836 to 898 m BSF occurred under reducing conditions at low water/rock ratios, and at temperatures probably greater than 100°C. Evolution of fluid composition resulted in the formation of (1) clay minerals, followed by (2) zeolites, anhydrite, and calcite. Alteration of basalts in the transition zone and dike sections (898-1350 m BSF) occurred in three basic stages, defined by the opening of fractures and the formation of characteristic secondary minerals. (1) Chlorite, actinolite, pyrite, albite, sphene, and minor quartz formed in veins and host basalts from partially reacted seawater (Mg-bearing, locally metal-and Si-enriched) at temperatures of at least 200-250°C. (2) Quartz, epidote, and sulfides formed in veins at temperatures of up to 380°C, from more evolved (Mg-depleted, metal-, Si-, and O-enriched) fluids. (3) The last stage is characterized by zeolite formation: (a) analcite and stilbite formed locally, possibly at temperatures less than 200°C followed by (b) formation of laumontite, heulàndite, scolecite, calcite, and prehnite from solutions depleted in Mg and enriched in Ca and O, at temperatures of up to 250°C. The presence of small amounts of anhydrite locally may be due to ingress of relatively unaltered seawater into the system during Stage 3. Alteration was controlled by the permeability of the crust and is characterized by generally incomplete recrystallization and replacement reactions among secondary minerals. Secondary mineralogy in the host basalts is strongly controlled by primary mineralogy. The alteration of Leg 83 basalts can be interpreted in terms of an evolving hydrothermal system, with (a) changes in solution composition because of reaction of seawater fluids with basalts at high temperatures; (b) variations in permeability caused by several stages of sealing and reopening of cracks; and (c) a general cooling of the system, caused either by the cooling of a magma chamber beneath the spreading center and/or the movement of the crust away from the heat source. The relationship of the high-temperature alteration in the transition zone and dike sections to the low-temperature alteration in the overlying pillow section remains uncertain.
Parenting Style as Context: An Integrative Model

Despite broad consensus about the effects of parenting practices on child development, many questions about the construct parenting style remain unanswered. Particularly pressing issues are the variability in the effects of parenting style as a function of the child's cultural background, the processes through which parenting style influences the child's development, and the operationalization of parenting style. Drawing on historical review, the authors present a model that integrates two traditions in socialization research, the study of specific parenting practices and the study of global parent characteristics. They propose that parenting style is best conceptualized as a context that moderates the influence of specific parenting practices on the child. It is argued that only by maintaining the distinction between parenting style and parenting practice can researchers address questions concerning socialization processes. During the past 25 years, research based on Baumrind's conceptualization of parenting style has produced a remarkably consistent picture of the type of parenting conducive to the successful socialization of children into the dominant culture of the United States. Authoritativeness—a constellation of parent attributes that includes emotional support, high standards, appropriate autonomy granting, and clear, bidirectional communication—has been shown to help children and adolescents develop an instrumental competence characterized by the balancing of societal and individual needs and responsibilities. Among the indicators of instrumental competence are responsible independence, cooperation with adults and peers, psychosocial maturity, and academic success (for reviews, see Baumrind, 1989,199 la). This work on authoritative ness and its beneficial effects builds on half a century of research on parenting and parenting style. Yet, despite some impressive consistencies in the socialization literature, important questions remain unanswered. As researchers have expanded beyond samples of White, predominantly middle-class families, it has become increasingly clear that the influence of authoritativeness, as well as other styles of parenting, varies depending on the social milieu in which the family is embedded. For example, Baumrind (1972) reported that authoritarian parenting, which is associated with fearful, timid behavior and behavioral compliance among EuropeanAmerican children, is associated with assertiveness among African-American girls. Furthermore, recent studies in which the effects of authoritativeness have been compared across ethnic groups have consistently shown that authoritative parenting is most strongly associated with academic achievement among
Seasonal dynamics of larvae and adults of two Enochrus Thomson (Coleóptera: Hydrophilidae) species in temporary and permanent water bodies of an urban park in Buenos Aires

Se estudio la dinamica de Enochrus variegatus (Steinheil) y Enochrus vulgaris (Steinheil) en ambientes acuaticos temporarios y permanentes de un parque de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las muestras fueron colectadas semanalmente a lo largo de un ano en ambos tipos de ambiente, y se registraron variables como la superficie anegada y la cobertura vegetal. En los ambientes permanentes se capturaron ejemplares adultos de ambas especies a lo largo de todo el periodo de estudio, mientras que en temporarios su presencia vario de acuerdo con la disponibilidad de agua. Se observaron diferencias en la epoca reproductiva y sitios de cria de ambas especies. Enochrus vulgaris mostro una estrategia mas oportunista, y sus larvas fueron detectadas en los dos tipos de ambiente asociadas principalmente con temperaturas de la primavera y el verano. En cambio las larvas de E. variegatus fueron registradas casi exclusivamente en cuerpos de agua temporarios durante el invierno y la primavera. En ambientes permanentes, ambas especies estuvieron asociadas con una mayor cobertura vegetal, lo cual podria estar relacionado con la disponibilidad de refugios de peces predadores. Para ambas especies el primer estadio larval fue colectado en mayor abundancia y frecuencia que los restantes. Las larvas de este estadio fueron registradas en semanas consecutivas y simultaneamente con larvas del tercer estadio, indicando que la oviposicion o el desarrollo de los estadios inmaduros no estaban sincronizados dentro de cada una de las dos poblaciones estudiadas. En varias ocasiones se capturaron larvas del segundo estadio de ambas especies en charcos que estuvieron secos la fecha de muestreo anterior, sugiriendo que no eclosionaron de huevos recientemente puestos. Nuestros resultados muestran que los adultos de estas especies son capaces de dispersarse desde y hacia charcos temporarios para evitar la sequia, y que sus larvas podrian resistir la sequia en los ambientes temporarios enterrandose en el sustrato.
An Information Economics Perspective on Main Bank Relationships and Firm R&D

Information economics has emerged as the primary theoretical lens for framing financing decisions in firm R&D investment. Successful outcomes of R&D projects are either ex-ante impossible to predict or the information is asymmetrically distributed between inventors and investors. As a result, bank lending for firm R&D has been rare. However, firms can signal the value of their R&D activities and as a result reduce the information deficits that block the availability of external funding. In this study we focus on three types of signals: Firm's existing patent stock, the presences of a joint venture investor and whether the firm has received a government R&D subsidy. We argue theoretically that all of these signals have the potential to alter the risk assessment of the firm's main bank. Additionally, we explore heterogeneities in these risk assessments arising from the industry level and the main bank's portfolio. We test our theoretical predictions for a sample of more than 7,000 firm observations in Germany over a multi-year period. Our theoretical predictions are only supported for firms' past patent activity while other signals fail to alter the risk assessment of a firm's main bank. Besides, we confirm that the risk evaluation is not randomly distributed across bank-firm dyads but depends on industry and bank characteristics.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Verification and Noise Prediction of Ramjet with Wedge-shaped Flame

The Lighthill acoustic analogy equation is adopted to research noise distribution at dissimilarity positions and the variations are conducted based on the numerical verification of flow field under different turbulence models, time step sizes and meshes. The results showed the proposed computation method is reliable and practicable to obtain the complex flow parameters in the ramjet combustion chamber; Most of the noise is higherfrequency, and the differences in the near and far field are proven. In addition, noise laws are identical with the same horizontal position.
Processing of Alternated and Inverse Fonts in Word Recognition by Native and Nonnative Speakers of English

This study investigated the perceptibility of visually altered stimuli in word recognition by English- and Korean-speaking adults. Forty four college students from the U.S. and South Korea participated in this study. The orthographic depth hypothesis and the psycholinguistic grain size theory guided this study. Three different fonts (i.e., normal, alternated, and inverse fonts) and two lexical features (i.e., words and nonwords) were used in a lexical decision task. The results showed that native English speakers were less sensitive to the visually noisy shapes (i.e., alternated and inverse fonts) than the Korean participants. It suggests that the psycholinguistic unit of the first language plays a role in word recognition beyond the language dominance (i.e., first language vs. foreign language).
Characteristics of Scheduled Maintenance toward Cost Performance in Office Building

The building maintenance costs are rising rapidly from time to time due to poor maintenance in the past. In UK, total spending on building maintenance had a dramatically increase of 66% in the past 10 years. In Malaysia, the development plan allocation for repair and maintenance works in building sector increased from RM296 million during the Eighth Malaysian Plan to RM1,079 million during the Ninth Malaysian Plan. However, the development plan allocation for repair and maintenance works in the Tenth Malaysian Plan has decreased to RM500 million. The decrease of resource allocation for building maintenance activities urges the professions to develop solutions on reducing the maintenance costs. Thus, this research seeks to identify the characteristics of preventive maintenance, which is the scheduled maintenance through literature review. It is found that the characteristics of scheduled maintenance always affect the maintenance cost performance. Therefore, this research is aimed to establish relationship between characteristics of scheduled maintenance and cost performance. Then, regression model is produced for the purpose of maintenance prediction. At the end, the research outcomes will be able to help the industry practitioners in considering the significant characteristics with optimal maintenance expenditure and maintenance performance.
Geographic separation of stocks of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Rhizostomeae) in New South Wales, Australia

The population structure of the commercially harvested jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) was investigated in estuaries and bays in New South Wales, Australia. Variations in abundance and recruitment were studied in 6 estuaries separated by distances ranging from 75 to 800 km. Patterns of abundance differed greatly among estuaries and the rank abundance among estuaries changed on 5 out of the 6 times sampling occurred. Great variation in the timing of recruitment was also observed among estuaries. Variations in abundance and recruitment were as extreme among nearby estuaries as distant ones. Broad scale sampling and detailed time series of abundance over a period of 2.7 yr at 2 locations showed no consistent seasonal trend in abundance at 1 location, but there was some indication of seasonality at the second location. At Botany Bay, the abundance of medusae increased with distance into the estuary and on 19 out of the 30 times sampling occurred medusae were found at sites adjacent to where rivers enter the bay. Medusae were found to be strong swimmers and this may aid medusae in maintaining themselves in the upper-reaches of estuaries, where advection from an estuary is least likely. Variability in patterns of abundance and recruitment suggested regulation by processes occurring at the scale of individual estuaries and, combined with their relatively strong swimming ability, supported a model of population retention within estuaries. Populations of C. mosaicus in individual estuaries and saline lakes in New South Wales should, therefore, be considered as separate stock units.
Effect of tobacco smoking on the lipid profile of teenage male population in Lahore City

A cross sectional comparative study was performed in Lahore city to evaluate the changes of the serum lipid profile in healthy adolescent male non smokers and smokers’ subjects. A total of 100 subjects with age range 14 19 years were selected and grouped as non smokers (control) and smokers with 50 cases in each. Biochemical analysis of fasting serum lipid profile of each group was assessed using spectrophotometer. By applying independent sample t-test, significant differences were observed in TG, HDL-C and LDL-C and by applying chi-square (χ 2 ) test, significant association of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were found among smokers and controls. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that, cigarette smoking during adolescent period induces alteration in serum lipid levels in the direction of increased risk for coronary artery disease.
Trastornos depresivos en adultos mayores de once comunidades altoandinas del Perú, 2013-2017

Objetivo: Determinar los factores más frecuentemente asociados a la depresión en adultos mayores residentes en once comunidades altoandinas de Perú. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue realizado en residentes mayores de 60 años de once comunidades altoandinas de Perú. Se utilizaron como instrumentos, el tamizaje de depresión según Cuestionario de Yesavage ultracorto (Diagnostico de depresión con un score de 3 o más puntos); y autorreporte de depresión, que utilizó la siguiente pregunta: ¿Se siente frecuentemente triste o deprimido? Además, se recolectó datos sociodemográficos, presencia de Síndromes Geriátricos y Comorbilidades. Se realizó un análisis bivariado usando análisis de regresión, Chi cuadrado y prueba T de Student para grupos independientes. Resultados: La población de estudio fue de 371 participantes. Se encontró un 40,7% de residentes que presentaban depresión según Cuestionario de Yesavage y 37,5% según el autorreporte sobre depresión. Las comorbilidades y síndromes geriátricos fueron más frecuentes en participantes con depresión (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre el promedio de edad y la frecuencia de población rural y el diagnostico de depresión, según el cuestionario de Yesavage. Así mismo, se encontró asociación entre las comorbilidades y síndromes geriátricos, utilizando el cuestionario de Yesavage y el autorreporte, en adultos mayores de once comunidades autoandinas.