Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer on Growth and Pigment Concentration of Cyamopsis tetrogonolaba (L) Taub

The present investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of SLF from Rosenvigea intricata with or without chemical fertilizer on seed germination, growth, yield, pigment content and soil profile of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L) Taub were analyzed. The seed germination, growth and yield parameters such as shoot length, root length, number of lateral roots, number of leaves, number of vegetables, length of vegetables, weight of vegetables, photosynthetic pigment concentration such as chlorophyll 'a', chlorophyll 'b', total chlorophyll and carotenoids was found to be maximum at 20% concentration of SLF with or without chemical fertilizer. Hence the present study found that 20% SLF with or without chemical fertilizer shows the higher growth, yield, chlorophyll pigment and soil profile compared to other concentration.
The Theoretical Basis of an Integrating Currency Area : the Dilemmas of Polish Accession to the Eurozone

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a theory that defi nes the creation of an area that includes many countries, in which there is one, single currency and the countries are characterized by a diversifi ed productivity. That is why the paper shows the importance of labor productivity parity for the creation of an integrating and non-discriminatory currency area and indicates the role of this value in the theory of the exchange rate. Additionally, the paper analyzes the risks arising from joining the eurozone. Methodology: The basic methodology is defi ned by a fundamental analysis of the exchange rate and its relation to labor productivity parity. The author formulates a theory of a currency area that integrates economies with different levels of labor productivity. The methodology is supplemented by calculations and a ranking of countries according to the Q-index. Findings: Listing the member countries and candidate countries of the eurozone according to the labor productivity index has demonstrated that the founding member states are characterized by a Q-index close to 3.30. The countries that are already in the eurozone with an index of less than 2.5 belong to the group where problems are accumulating. Countries that are candidates for the eurozone with an index below 2.0, such as Poland, cannot become member of the eurozone. The principles of creating a currency area can however be modifi ed in such a way that countries with various levels of Q can become members, by developing cooperation that is benefi cial to the socio-economic development. Originality: The labor productivity index Q is a result of elaborating an original concept of the production function that is suitable for the purposes of economic analysis. According to this function the Q-index is equivalent to the category labor share and the variable F corresponds to TFP. The function overcomes the disadvantageous features of econometric models of production identifi ed by Joan Robinson and the obtained results modify the theory of the exchange rate, creating good prospects for general monetary integration.
Row spacing, plant density, sowing and harvest times for sweet sorghum1

The global demand for renewable fuels has expanded rapidly in recent years, due to concerns about reducing the volume of greenhouse gas emissions from non-renewable resources. In addition, uncertainties about the future availability of fossil fuels and geopolitical tensions in oil-producing regions have aroused a great global interest in biofuels, as they are the most viable substitutes for oil (May et al. 2012, Zegada-Lizarazu & Monti 2012, Cabral et al. 2013, Santos et al. 2015). Brazil stands out as the world’s largest producer of bioethanol from sugarcane. According to Conab ABSTRACT RESUMO
The Influence of Micropore Oxygen Aeration on the Pond Water Quality Environment

In order to know the effects of micropore oxygen aeration on the water quality and economic output, take each 3 of micropore oxygen aeration (experimental pond) and impeller oxygenation (control pond) to make the comparison, indexs of two different aeration methods water were detected from May, 2012 to October, 2012. Such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, phytoplankton, chemical oxygen demand (COD Mn). Results showed that, (1) the indexes of the dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) and nitrite of the experimental pond are all superior to that of the control pond, of which the concentration of the dissolved oxygen of the experimental pond is 8.37 mg/L which is higher than that of the control pond (5.7 mg/L). And, CODMn in the experimental pond is 7.54 mg/L, lower than that in the control pond (10.19 mg/L). The difference between the control pond and the experimental pond was statistically significant (p<0.01). The ammonia nitrogen of the experimental pond is 0.1 mg/L, obviously lower than the control pond (0.16 mg/L). Besides, the nitrite is 0.13 mg/L in the experimental pond, lower than that of the control pond (0.21 mg/L). (2) Compared with the control pond, the experimental pond has quite higher general abundance of algae, with about 5.69×10 8 ind/L. Yet, there is no obvious difference between them. (3) Compared to the impeller oxygenation, the micropore oxygen aeration technology can be better to increase the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond and improve the water quality. However, there is no significant influence to the phytoplankton abundance and diversity.
Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications

Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this ‘Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group’ is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, possibly at a species-level. In this study, we reinvestigated Ngawi 1 based on the newly cleaned original specimen and using microcomputed tomography with the aim of testing if such morphological discontinuity really exists within the Javanese fossil record. We metrically and non-metrically examined 33 cranial characters that are useful to distinguish earlier and later Javanese H. erectus. We also evaluated the morphology of the three Sambungmacan crania (Sm 1, 3, and 4) in the same way. The results of these and multivariate analyses support previous studies that Ngawi 1 exhibits many characteristic features of Ngandong H. erectus. However, Ngawi 1 is more or less similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in smaller cranial size, a weak but distinct supraglabellar depression, a relatively short temporal bone, limited posterior projection of the middle part of the occipital torus, a shallower and ‘roofed’ mandibular fossa, and a smaller mastoid process. The three Sambungmacan crania also show general affinities to Ngandong, but are similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in a few or more characters. Such slightly shifted character distribution is at least consistent with the hypothesis of continuous evolution of H. erectus through the Pleistocene of Java. This minor but potentially meaningful pattern of morphological variation should not be overlooked when a morphological group is defined for the specimens from Ngandong, Sambungmacan, and Ngawi. We also determined the endocranial volume of Ngawi 1 to be 959 cm3.
Apoptosis of neuronal cells in the brains of postembryonic silkworms Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

The pattern and signal transduction of neuronal apoptosis in the brain of the silk moth, Bombyx mori, during postembryonic life, were characterized. Peak numbers of apoptotic neurons were detected in 4 day old 4th instar larvae, 9 day old 5th instar larvae and 4 day old pupae, indicating three waves of neuronal apoptosis during postembryonic development. Most of the apoptotic neurons were in the lateral portions of the brain. No apoptotic neurons were detected in 1 day old 1st instar larvae or in 7 day old pupae to 1 day old adults. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) into larvae resulted in a substantial increase in the brain in both neuronal apoptosis and cleavage of procaspases-8 and -3 into caspases-8 and -3. However, the injection of larvae with actinomycin D or cycloheximide inhibited death of pre-apoptotic neurons. Both the cleavage of procaspases-8 and -3 and death of pre-apoptotic neurons were inhibited by a general caspase inhibitor and caspase-8 and -3 inhibitors injected into larvae. These results suggest that 20E triggered the synthesis of a new protein that, in turn, induces cleavage of procaspases-8 and -3 into caspases-8 and -3. These caspases are prerequisites for neuronal apoptosis in postembryonic brains.
Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene oxidation under dry and humid conditions

Abstract. A new model for the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from isoprene was developed. This model uses surrogate molecular species (hydroxy-hydroperoxides, tetrols, methylglyceric acid, organic nitrates) to represent SOA formation. The development of this model used available experimental data on yields and molecular composition of SOA from isoprene and methacrolein oxidation. This model reproduces the amount of particles measured in smog chambers under both low-NO x and high-NO x conditions. Under low-NO x conditions, the model reproduces the transitional formation of hydroxy-hydroperoxides particles, which are photolyzed and lead to SOA mass decrease after reaching a maximum. Under high-NO x conditions, particles are assumed to be formed mostly from the photo-oxidation of a PAN-type molecule derived from methacrolein (MPAN). This model successfully reproduces the complex NO x -dependence of isoprene oxidation and suggests a possible yield increase under some high-NO x conditions. Experimental data correspond to dry conditions (RH
The Parkes multibeam pulsar survey – VII. Timing of four millisecond pulsars and the underlying spin-period distribution of the Galactic millisecond pulsar population

We present timing observations of 4-ms pulsars discovered in the Parkes 20-cm multibeam pulsar survey of the Galactic plane. PSRs J1552−4937 and J1843−1448 are isolated objects with spin periods of 6.28 and 5.47 ms, respectively. PSR J1727−2946 is in a 40-d binary orbit and has a spin period of 27 ms. The 4.43-ms pulsar J1813−2621 is in a circular 8.16-d binary orbit around a low-mass companion star with a minimum companion mass of 0.2 M� . Combining these results with detections from five other Parkes multibeam surveys, gives a well-defined sample of 56 pulsars with spin periods below 20 ms. We develop a likelihood analysis to constrain the functional form which best describes the underlying distribution of spin periods for millisecond pulsars. The best results were obtained with a lognormal distribution. A gamma distribution is less favoured, but still compatible with the observations. Uniform, power-law and Gaussian distributions are found to be inconsistent with the data. Galactic millisecond pulsars being found by current surveys appear to be in agreement with a lognormal distribution which allows for the existence of pulsars with periods below 1.5 ms.
The outcome of fetal response and learning to prenatal stimuli

To study the fetal response to outside stimuli and assess the capacity of fetus' memory and learning in various senses. The 120 pregnant mothers who attend prenatal enrichment unit in Hua Chiew Hospital were trained to practise the prenatal activity through out pregnancy. The activities consist of auditory, tactile and vestibular stimuli in various techniques. The clinical data and the evaluation sheet for analysis of fetal response and learning to prenatal activity were assessed in term of always, frequent, sometime, seldom and never response. The outcome of these samples demonstrated that 87.5% of experimental infants can recognize maternal voice and 70% recognize to prenatal music. They calm down significantly when giving a prenatal music, heart beat sound, rhythmic patting and rocking pattern which they ever received during in utero. This suggests that fetus can learn variety of sensory stimuli even before birth and these previous experiences they received in utero may influence postnatal learning and perception. Experimental infants have a capacity of turning to voice only at 4.6 days in average while the general population turn to voice at 3.2 month. This means that they have a faster auditory development and learning than general population. In addition, they can be conditioned by kicking back when they were pat in 64.9%. The results confirm our belief that fetus have a capacity of conditional learning. The study also showed better performance in relation between mother and child after participated the prenatal activity. These findings suggest that prenatal activity here may be introduced to routine prenatal care and may be an effective way to enhance mother and child attachment, as well as promote infant's intelligent and emotional development.
Residential self-selection, built environment, and travel behavior in the Chinese context

Residential self-selection has been reported to be a factor confounding the observed relationship between built environment and travel behavior. By incorporating residential self-selection, studies have generated much insight into the causalities involved in the relationship between built environment and travel behavior. However, most of these studies were conducted in North American cities, where individuals may have the opportunity to realize their preferences in residential and transport mode choices. There are not many similar studies for other parts of the world, such as China, where residential and transport choices are probably more constrained than in North America. This paper aims to partly fill the gap by discussing the specificities of the residential self-selection issue in urban China and suggesting how to cope with this issue when examining the relationship between built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. We argue that studies addressing the residential self-selection issue in China need to consider the housing source, which has implications for residential choice, and acknowledge the importance of some travel-related attitudes such as preferences for short commutes, good accessibility to public transport, and proximity to markets for daily goods shopping.
Enhancement of Junior High School Students' Concept Comprehension in Hydrostatic Pressure and Archimedes Law Concepts by Predict-observe-explain Strategy

This study explored effectiveness of Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) strategy to enhance concept comprehension of junior high school students in hydrostatic pressure and Archimedes law concepts. Subjects of this study were 31 students of a private junior high school in East Flores in even semester year 2015/2016. By mixed-method design, this study concluded that (1) average score of concept comprehension was significantly increase (p = 0.000) from pre-test (36.77) to post-test (63.26) with strong category of effect size (1.62), and moderate category of N-gain (0.40); (2) learning was also succeed identifying some misconceptions and remedied it. Those misconceptions were: (a) hydrostatic pressure was influenced by liquid volume and or the shape of the container, (b) an object was floated for there was air within, (c) a sunken object had no buoyant force, and (d) the magnitude of buoyant force was equal to liquid volume; (3) some of common problems around the students in applying hydrostatics concept and buoyant force were as follow (a) related to mathematical representation of hydrostatic force P h = P 0 + ρgh, most all students interpreted h as the depth measured from the bottom of the liquid column (not from the surface of the liquid as it should be), (b) related to buoyant force, the problem depended on the context where the question given. In context of immovable objects in a certain fluid, almost all student was hard comparing buoyant force magnitude to the weight. In context of sliding object in liquid, almost all students failed to explain the object position to its buoyant force.
Effects of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on Interleukin 23 and Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients

Introduction: We aimed to determine the effect of lavandula angustifolia essential oil (LEO) on IL-23 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of relapse-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Methods : LEO was prepared using the hydrodistilation method on the plants aerial parts. 8 female RRMS patients and 8 healthy sex and age matched controls were entered into this study. PBMC cells were separated using Ficoll method and were treated with a concentration of 225 µg/ml LEO which and then the mRNAs were used for determining the effects of LEO on IL-23 and BDNF gene expressions using Quantitative Real Time PCR technique. Moreover in order to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of LEO, we measured the gene expression of IL-6 and IL-23 in stimulated healthy PBMC cells treated with LEO. Results: Results showed that there is no significant difference between PBMC of patients compared to healthy controls in case of IL-23 gene expression. Moreover, LEO has no significant effect on gene expression of IL-23 in PBMC of neither patients nor control. Also the results showed that BDNF gene expression is reduced to 41% compared to healthy controls and LEO can increase the BDNF gene expression by 81% in patients PBMCs. Moreover we observed that LEO can significantly reduce the LPS stimulated IL-6 gene expression in healthy PBMCs but had no significant effect on IL-23 gene expression. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated that L.angustifolia essential oil may have a protective effect against neuron damage via increasing the gene expression of BDNF in PBMCs from RRMS patients. However, further studies are necessary to confirm our results.
Calyx biochemical changes and possibility of reducing thomson orange June drop by nutrition elements and growth regulators

Summer fruit drop (June drop) is one of the main reasons for low yield in some citrus varieties in northern Iran. Recognition of physiological changes in fruit abscission zone (calyx) and application of suitable treatments would reduce or control abscission. Hence, the changes of auxin, cellulose, and polygalacturonase in calyx of Thomson navel fruitlets were measured and their relations with abscission and mineral nutrition of fruitlets as well as the effect of different treatments on them at June drop were evaluated. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment was performed with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments were as follows: 1. control; 2. urea (1%); 3. urea + 2,4-D (15 mg l-1); 4.urea + GA3 (15 mg l-1); 5.urea + sucrose (1%); 6.urea + ZnSO4 (0.5%); 7. urea + ZnSO4 + 2,4-D; and 8. urea + ZnSO4 + GA3. Results showed that abscission had a significant negative correlation with auxin and a significant positive correlation with cellulase and polygalacturonase of the calyx. The control group had the lowest auxin and the highest cellulase in calyx. Maximum effect (Approximately 24% reduction in abscission) was obtained after foliar application of urea + sucrose (treatments 5). The use of urea alone or in combination with 2, 4-D and GA3 had no effect on abscission; however, using it in combination with sucrose was the most efficient treatment in this experiment. Furthermore, the combination of urea and Zn provided an effective treatment. A majority of micronutrients (Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B) had a positive correlation with auxin and a negative correlation with enzymes. Therefore, nutritional management and providing an appropriate condition to maximize photosynthesis can balance physiological metabolism and reduce fruitlets abscission.
The Political, Socio-economic and Sociocultural Impacts of the King Abdullah Scholarship Program (KASP) on Saudi Arabia

Since 2006, Saudi Arabian politicians, economists and sociologists have had to consider the implications of their country’s King Abdullah Scholarship Program (KASP). Because Saudi Arabia has certain religious traditions and economic practices that are sensitive, international scholars are examining from different perspectives the outcomes and potential impacts of KASP. While Saudi Arabia has all the necessary tools to compete with the developed nations (such as natural resources and manpower), it is caught between the need to globalise its economy but retain its strict, conservative traditions. Following a brief definition of KASP, this paper highlights some of the external and internal contemporary political, economic and socio-cultural challenges that it sets for Saudi Arabia. Finally, the anticipated impacts of KASP according to scholarship recipients are reviewed using survey data from around 688 overseas Saudi students. This paper is based on the primary researcher’s PhD thesis.
COST-EFFECTIVE SENSORS AND SENSOR NODES FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

This paper reviews the design and characterization of humidity and pH sensors manufactured in the printed circuit board (PCB), ink-jet, and screen printing technologies. The first one (PCB technology) provides robust sensors with PET film which can be exposed to harsh environment. The second (ink-jet technology) can manufacture sensors on flexible substrates (foils and papers). The third (screen printing technology) has been used to implement a thick-film sensor. In addition to this, a multi-sensor cloudbased electronic system with autonomous power supply (solar panels) for air and water quality monitoring has been described. Finally, a flexible and modular hardware platform for remote and reliable sensing of environmental parameters has been presented.
Ethanolic Seed Extract of Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Protects the Testis from Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Induced Damage

Cucurbita pepo seeds are highly nutritional, containing a wide array of healthy compounds and free-radical scavenging antioxidants that have been found useful in promoting good health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of methanolic seed extract of Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) on Azadirachta Indica (neem) leaf induced testicular damage in adult male Albino Wistar rats. Twenty adult male albino wistar rats weighing between 110-230g were used, and assigned into 5 groups (I-V) of 4 animals each. Group I served as control. Groups II received 500mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract Cucurbita pepo (ESECP) for 5 weeks. Group III received 500mg/kg of methanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (MLEAI) for 2 weeks and then 500mg/kg of ESECP for 3 weeks. Group IV received a co-administration of 500mg/kg of MLEAI and 500mg/kg of ESECP for 5 weeks, while Group V received 500mg/kg of for 5 weeks. All extracts were administered orally, once a day. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the rats were anesthetised and blood samples and testes were obtained for further investigation. Results showed significant increases in serum testosterone levels, improvements in sperm parameters (count, motility, and morphology) and better testicular microarchitecture in ESECP treated rats when compared to rats treated with MLEAI alone. This reveals that ethanolic seed extract of Cucurbita pepo exhibits both protective and ameliorative activities against Azadirachta indica induced testicular damage in adult male albino wistar rats. Keywords: Testosterone, Sperm count, Sperm motility, Sperm morphology