Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Should I Stay or Should I Go: Stellar Wind Retention and Expulsion in Massive Star Clusters

Mass and energy injection throughout the lifetime of a star cluster contributes to the gas reservoir available for subsequent episodes of star formation and the feedback energy budget responsible for ejecting material from the cluster. In addition, mass processed in stellar interiors and ejected as winds has the potential to augment the abundance ratios of currently forming stars, or stars which form at a later time from a retained gas reservoir. Here we present hydrodynamical simulations that explore a wide range of cluster masses, compactnesses, metallicities and stellar population age combinations in order to determine the range of parameter space conducive to stellar wind retention or wind powered gas expulsion in star clusters. We discuss the effects of the stellar wind prescription on retention and expulsion effectiveness, using MESA stellar evolutionary models as a test bed for exploring how the amounts of wind retention/expulsion depend upon the amount of mixing between the winds from stars of different masses and ages. We conclude by summarizing some implications for gas retention and expulsion in a variety of compact ($\sigma_v \gtrsim 20 \, {\rm km s^{-1}}$) star clusters including young massive star clusters ($10^5 \lesssim M/M_\odot \lesssim 10^7$, $age \lesssim 500$~Myrs), intermediate age clusters ($10^5 \lesssim M/M_\odot \lesssim 10^7$, $age \approx 1-4$~Gyrs), and globular clusters ($10^5 \lesssim M/M_\odot \lesssim 10^7$, $age \gtrsim 10$~Gyrs).
Risk Attitudes and Real Option Exercise Decisions in IT Projects

Real Option Valuation (ROV) has been proposed as a way to manage high risk IT projects by accounting for managerial decision flexibility. Evidence suggests that due to the complexity involved in ROV, it is, utilized intuitively by professionals, in the form of “Real Option Thinking”. Further, Real Option Thinking is subject to various judgmental biases. In this study, we build a case for real options exercise decisions’ vulnerability to biased decision making. Considering the two distinctive schools of thoughts regarding the determinants of risky decision making in organizations (individual characteristics vs. Prospect Theory), we build competing hypotheses regarding whether real option exercise decisions are biased due to risk attitudes of the individuals involved. We also present a methodology to test these hypotheses.
The role of cognition in stress: Relationship between perceived life stress, self-efficacy, optimism, self-esteem, positive affect, negative affect, and work stress

This study examined the role of cognition in stress in a sample of 523 Irish college students. The development of our understanding of the construct of stress is vital as it can pose a substantial threat to both our physiological and psychological well-being. This is demonstrated by the large body of research associating stress with many common negative health conditions such as heart disease, cancer, anxiety, and depression. This study proposed a cognitive model of stress which assessed the relationship between the dependent variable perceived life stress and the cognitive predictor variables self-efficacy, optimism, self-esteem, positive affect, and negative affect. Negative affect was found to be by some way the most significantly strongly associated variable with perceived life stress in the model. This indicates that negative emotions encompassed under the negative affect cognitive process domain would appear to significantly influence stress levels. This study also evaluated the relationship between work stress and perceived life stress and found there to be a significantly strong relationship between the two variables. Future research should seek to greater comprehend the impact of specific negative emotional states and work stress on life stress as a whole. In turn this would further develop our understanding of the stress process and the role cognition plays within the process.
The impact of culture and strategic orientation on service innovation capability: Evidence from banking industry

Article history: Received June 5, 2015 Received in revised format August 16 2015 Accepted November 2 2015 Available online November 5 2015 This paper presents a study to measure the effects of culture and strategic orientation on service innovation capabilities on selected banks in province of Alborz, Iran. The survey uses a questionnaire consists of 40 questions where 5 questions are associated with service innovation, 11 questions are related to strategic orientation and 24 questions measures organizational culture. Cronbach alpha for service innovation capabilities, strategic orientation and organizational culture were 0.73, 0.84 and 0.91, respectively. Using structural equation modeling as well as regression technique, the study has determined that organizational culture influences positively on structural orientation (β = 0.6, t-value = 13.56), organizational culture influences positively on service innovation capability (β = 0.43, t-value = 8.73) and finally structural orientation influences positively on service innovation capability (β = 0.35, t-value = 7.22). Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
Performances of Palm Oil Fuel Ash Cement Based Aerated Concrete in Acidic and Sulphate Environments

Malaysia as the world’s largest exporter of palm oil has been facing problem in disposing palm oil fuel ash, a by-product of palm oil mill since many years ago. The discovery made by researchers of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia last century in revealing the potential of this waste as a partial cement replacement in normal concrete has stem more efforts towards studying the possibility of using it in lightweight concrete production. Currently, investigation conducted proved that this material also can be integrated as a partial cement replacement material producing lightweight concrete known as Palm oil fuel ash cement based aerated concrete which possess adequate strength with lower density than OPC aerated concrete. This paper illustrates the durability aspect of this new agro blended cement based aerated concrete in terms of resistance towards aggressive chemicals such as acid and sulphate. Aerated concrete cube consisting 20% palm oil fuel ash and control specimen with 100% OPC were cast and then subjected to water curing for 28 days before immersed in the hydrochloric solution prepared using 0.3% hydrochloric acid having 99% concentration. The pH of the solution was controlled to about 2 throughout the immersion period of 1800 hours. The durability performance of the cubes involved the measurement of weight loss at a different period of immersion in the solution. In order to study the performance of this material in sulphate environment, a set of control specimen and another one consisting the same proportion of POFA were prepared before water cured for 28 days. Sulphate resistance of the binders was evaluated by measuring the expansion of mortar bars after immersion in 10% sodium sulphate solution for the period of 6 months. Finding will be discussing the performance of POFA cement based aerated concrete in both acidic and sulphate environments.
Technology and science education

The incorporation of technology into the school curriculum is part of a worldwide trend in education. The way in which technology is incorporated depends on which country the reform is initiated in. The New Zealand Curriculum Framework (Ministry of Education, 1993a) includes science and technology as distinct learning areas. This chapter considers the view of technology expressed in both SCience in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1993b) and in Technology in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1995). The chapter is divided into four sections. Firstly, the concept of technology in the science curriculum is identified and discussed; secondly, the use of some types of technological application to enhance the learning of science outcomes is considered; thirdly, the technology curricUlum itself is discussed in order to highlight the concept of technology underpinning this statement so that comparisons can be made with the concept employed in the science curriculum, and finally the introduction of technology outcomes by science teachers in a science environment is explored.
Differences in Happiness-Increasing Strategies Between and Within Affective Profiles

Background: In a recent study, Schutz and colleagues [1] used the affective profile model (i.e., the combination of peoples’ experience of high/low positive/negative affect) to investigate individual differences in intentional happiness-increasing strategies. Here we used a merged larger sample, a person-centered method to create the profiles, and a recent factor validated happiness-increasing strategies scale, to replicate the original findings. Method: The participants were 1,000 (404 males, 596 females) individuals recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) who answered to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales. Participants were clustered in the four affective profiles using the software RopStat (http://www. ropstat.com). Analyses of variance were conducted to discern differences in how frequently the strategies were used among people with different profiles. Results: Individuals with profiles at the extremes of the model (e.g., self-fulfilling vs. self-destructive) differed the most in their use of strategies. The differences within individuals with profiles that diverge in one affectivity dimension while being similar in the other suggested that, for example, decreases in negative affect while positive affect is low (self-destructive vs. low affective) will lead or might be a function of a decrease in usage of both the mental control and the passive leisure strategies. Conclusion: The self-fulfilling experience, depicted as high positive affect and low negative affect, is a combination of agentic (instrumental goal pursuit, active leisure, direct attempts), communal (social affiliation), and spiritual (religion) strategies. Nevertheless, the affective system showed the characteristics of a complex dynamic adaptive system: the same strategies might lead to different profiles (multi-finality) and different strategies might lead to the same profile (equifinality).
'Stunted Growth' in Small Firms: How to Turn Them Round and Unleash Their Potential

The phenomenon of ‘dwarf’ or ‘stunted’ small and micro firms (in Italian nanismo aziendale) is recognised in the small business literature. These are firms that have survived through many years, maybe many generations, providing their owners with acceptable returns and lifestyles, but have remained very small. They might therefore represent potential lost opportunities for owners and, given the importance of the SME sector, local employment and economies. A system dynamics model replicating the basic no-growth, cyclical behaviour attributed to “stunted” SMEs is firstly analysed. Alternative policies arising from different entrepreneurial views and aimed at changing behaviour to one of stability or steady growth, are then tested and analysed. In this relatively simple form, the model does link behaviours to system structure and could support individual entrepreneurs in understanding the reasons for dwarfism in their firm and the potential for unleashing growth. It could also form the basis for a more detailed model to support the identification and evaluation of strategic alternatives in individual firms.
EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF TISSUE CULTURED SORGHUM [ SORGHUM BICOLOR ( L ) MOENCH ]

Tissue culture techniques are commonly used in plants as an efficient way to propagate and store valuable genotypes. Often, some of the regenerants differ from the parental type, a phenomenon called somaclonal variability. Assessment of nutritional value variability in crops that may arise from somaclonal variability during tissue culture propagation may have a strong impact on plant breeding, conservation of genetic resources and nutrition in the areas of use. It is particularly useful in the characterization of individual cultivars, and in determining duplications in germplasm collections and for selecting parents. The Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench tissue culture (TC) regenerants (Seredo, Mtama 1 and El Gardam) were developed at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology towards improvement for water stress tolerance for improved food production in the ASALs in Kenya. The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of the parents and TC regenerants of Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench local cultivars (Seredo, Mtama 1 and El Gardam) in Kenya. For proximate composition significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed in parents and regenerants of the El‐Gardam (moisture, proteins and crude fiber), Mtama 1 (proteins) and Seredo (fats and crude fiber). The mineral compositions of the parents and regenerants of the cultivars were not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) except for Zinc in Mtama 1 cultivar and Iron in both El‐Gardam and Mtama 1 cultivars. B‐vitamins showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for both thiamine and Pyridoxine in El‐Gardam and Seredo. Significant variability (p ≤ 0.05) was shown phytates content in each cultivar. The parents were observed to have significantly higher amounts of Phytates than the regenerants within all the cultivars. The study recommends Mtama 1 regenerants with low anti‐nutrient appropriate for ASALs with respect to nutrient availability since anti‐nutrients in sorghum have been shown to impair the bioavailability of the other nutrients to the body.
The Effects of a Coaching Education Program on Coaching Efficacy of Volunteer Youth Soccer Coaches

Approved: ______________________________________________________ There is a dearth of research examining the impact of coaching education programs on youth volunteer coaches‘ efficacy levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of participation in a coaching education program on volunteer youth soccer coaches‘ coaching efficacy. Volunteer youth soccer coaches (N=87) served as the participants in this study. The participants enrolled in the United States Soccer Federation (USSF) coaching education course which consisted of 18 hours of training. The Coaching Efficacy Scale, or CES, questionnaire was the instrument employed to measure coaching efficacy levels. Participants completed CES questionnaires prior to and immediately after completing the course. The CES examined how confident participants were in influencing the development of their athletes in four interrelated aspects coaching: strategy efficacy, motivation efficacy, technique efficacy, and character building efficacy. Results from a paired samples tTests revealed a number of important findings related to the effect of coaching education programs. There was a significant increase in total coaching efficacy (TCE) and on all four sub dimensions (i.e. game strategy, technique, motivations, and character building efficacy) as measure by the CES. The results add credence to the assertion that coaching education, specifically the USSF Level One course, is a significant source of coaching efficacy. Implications of these findings for future research into the effect of coaching education preparation are
ANTHOCYANINS THAT CONFER CHARACTERISTIC COLOR TO RED COPIHUE FLOWERS (LAPAGERIA ROSEA)

ABSTRACT The Copihue ( Lapageria rosea ), also known as the Chilean bellflower, is the national flower of Chile and is the only species in the genus Lapageria . The copihue’s tepals are commonly red, with white or pink being less common. The red color of the copihue has been glorified in legends, poems and popular songs. The present work studies the pigments that confer red copihues their characteristic color. The principal types of cyanidin present in red copihue’s tepals are cyanidin-3- O- rhamnosylglucoside, followed by cyanidin-3- O- glucoside, and while only the latter is detected in pink tepals and neither one are detected in white flowers. Based on the obtained results by HPLC-ESI-MS n and HPLC-DAD, it is concluded that rhamnosyl- and glucosyl-derivatives of cyanidin, which present respectively an absorption maximum at 518 and 516 nm, confer the characteristic red color to red copihues. Furthermore, glycosilated cyanidin derivatives, pigments derived from other anthocyanidins, were not detected in red copihue flowers even when they are present in other red flowering plants.
Residual effects of successive exposure of soybean Bradyrhizobium strains to aluminium on solid defined medium

Abstract Œ The aim of these studies was to investigate whether residual toxic effects of exposing soy-bean root nodule bacteria to Al in a solid defined media (SDM) alter tolerance to Al, survival, sensitiv-ity to antibiotics, N 2 fixation effectiveness and genetic diversity of Bradyrhizobium strains. After beingexposed four times to Al, strains showed variation in Al tolerance but there was no evidence of changein their original Al tolerance, sensitivity to the antibiotics or genetic diversity. Exposure of Bradyrhizobium strains to SDM plus Al did not alter biological N 2 fixation effectiveness of five strains.Strain SEMIA€587 showed a reduction in its N 2 fixation effectiveness but it seems that it was just asuperficial toxic effect because one single passage through the plant eliminated this effect. Residual Aldid not cause increases in Al tolerance and reductions in the survival and N 2 fixation effectiveness of Bradyrhizobium strains USDA€143, SEMIA€586, SEMIA€5019, SEMIA€5039 and SEMIA€5073. Italso did not alter the resistance to antibiotics of strains USDA€143, SEMIA€5039 and SEMIA€5073,and the genetic diversity of the strains SEMIA€587 and SEMIA€5019.Index terms: nitrogen fixation, antibiotics, resistance to chemicals, genetic variation.Efeito residual de sucessivas exposicies de estirpes de
The Effect of Second- Language Learning on Elementary EFL Learners' Literacy Skills

The goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of second- language learning on firstlanguage learners’ oral reading and vocabulary skills. The researcher selected a sample of 80 (45 males and 35 females) native Arabic- speaking third-graders (46 bilinguals and 34 monolinguals) from two elementary public schools in the UAE. To examine the reading skills, students were asked to complete an oral reading accuracy measure, and for the vocabulary skills, Peabody picture vocabulary test-III and Expressive vocabulary test were conducted. Results indicated that bilingual students achieved better scores than monolingual students in both vocabulary tests and oral reading accuracy test. These results imply that L2 influences L1 performance positively and can facilitate EFL learners’ oral reading and vocabulary skills.
Effects of transient creep strain on post-tensioned concrete slabs in fire

The effects of transient creep strain of concrete on post-tensioned concrete slabs in fire were investigated by means of numerical modelling. Employing the commercial package Abaqus, three-dimensional non-linear finite-element (FE) models were established. The thermal creep strain of prestressing steel tendons was explicitly incorporated into the FE models. Three concrete constitutive models were considered – a basic model without considering transient creep strain, a transient model explicitly considering transient creep strain and the Eurocode 2 (EC2) model, implicitly considering transient creep strain taken from BS EN 1992-1-2. Through comparing the numerical results with those obtained from available tests in the literature, excellent agreement was achieved. Based on this, the basic model was verified at ambient temperature and both the EC2 model and the transient model were also verified in test fire scenarios. A main conclusion from this study is that transient creep strain should be considered eit.
Postharvest application of 1-MCP and ethylene influences fruit softening and quality of 'Arctic Pride' nectarine at ambient conditions

Fruit softening in nectarine is a limiting factor for their extended postharvest life with best quality. Effects of postharvest exogenous applications of 1-MCP (1 µL L -1 ), ethylene (10 µL L -1 ) or 1-MCP (1 µL L -1 ) followed by ethylene (10 µL L -1 ) for 12 h on ‘Arctic Pride’ nectarine were investigated for changes in fruit softening and quality during ripening at ambient temperature (20 ± 1 o C; 6065% RH). Untreated fruit were kept as control and stored at the same conditions i.e. 20 ± 1 o C; 60-65% RH. 1-MCP application significantly reduced ethylene production and activities of fruit softening enzymes, including pectin esterase (PE), endo-1,4-βglucanase (EGase), endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG) as compared to ethylene treatment or control. A significant reduction in fruit weight loss, fruit softening, total sugars and organic acids was also observed with the application of 1-MCP, as compared to ethylene-treated or control fruit. Exogenous application of 1-MCP maintained individual sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and organic acids (malic, shikimic, succinic, and citric acid) at higher levels and delayed ripening of nectarine fruit, as compared to ethylene or untreated fruit during ripening. In conclusion, 1-MCP application delayed fruit ripening by inhibiting ethylene production and the activities of fruit softening enzymes and maintained the quality of nectarine fruit as compared to ethylene-treated or control fruit during ripening.
A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper mantle

We present a global three-dimensional model of shear attenuation in the upper mantle, based on the measurement of amplitudes of low-frequency (100-300s) Rayleigh waves observed at stations of the Geoscope and Iris networks. Attenuation coefficients are measured on R1 and R2 paths using a method which minimizes the effects of focussing due to propagation in a three-dimensional elastic Earth. Through a series of tests which, in particular, involve the computation of synthetic models of attenuation and focussing, we demonstrate that long wavelength lateral variations in attenuation in the first 400-500 km of the mantle can indeed be resolved. The model is obtained in a two-step procedure. The first step consists in the computation of maps of Rayleigh wave attenuation at different periods, using an inversion method without a priori parametrisation, which involves the introduction of a correlation length, chosen here at 3000 km to optimize the trade-off between resolution and variance in the model. In the second step, after corrections for shallow structure, an inversion with depth is performed, assuming lateral heterogeneity is confined to depths between 80 and 650 km. The resulting model presents lateral variations in Qp that are correlated with tectonic features, in particular ridges and shields in the first 250 km of the upper mantle. Below that depth the pattern shifts and becomes correlated with the hotspot distribution, particularly so if the buoyancy strength of hotspots is taken into account. Two major low-velocity zones appear to be located in the central pacific and beneath northern Africa, in the depth range 300-500 km. This pattern seems to continue at greater depth, but resolution becomes insufficient below 500 km to draw definitive conclusions. The smooth lateral variations retrieved are on the order of ±50% down to 400 km. We propose an interpretation in terms of plume/lithosphere/ridge interaction in the upper mantle, arguing for deflection of the bulk of hot upwelling material from plumes towards ridges, which may be occurring between 200 and 300 km depth.