Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"The trouble is they're growing, the trouble is they're grown": therapeutic jurisprudence and adolescents' participation in mental health care decisions.

This article explores the individual and family interests and values involved in (1) identifying the need for mental health evaluation of an adolescent and (2) giving or withholding consent to mental health care for an adolescent. Both decisions involve individual and family beliefs about mental illness, personal and family privacy, and individual self-control and responsibility. What if the adolescent has a mental health problem which the family identifies but the adolescent denies? What if the adolescent identifies her problem as one of mental health, but the family sees it as a moral or character deficiency? Frequently, the adolescent's "conduct" triggers an initial mental health inquiry. But the adolescent and family members disagree as to whether mental illness causes or contributes to the conduct, or whether mental health treatment is necessary. When there is such a conflict, how can or should it be resolved? Using two hypothetical cases, this article explores the strengths and weaknesses of existing law under which parents generally have power to give or withhold consent to mental health care for their children. This power has, in recent years, been limited by statutes and case law establishing due process rights for minors hospitalized against their will, "medical emancipation" laws enabling adolescents to consent to some types of mental health care, and state child abuse and neglect laws requiring parents to provide necessary mental health care. The article next draws on the emerging field of therapeutic jurisprudence, and concludes that existing law in some respects is counter-therapeutic. It does not assist the teen to accomplish these essential therapeutic tasks: (1) achieving an accurate understanding of his or her mental illness, learning disability or other problems; (2) understanding the range of available inpatient and outpatient treatment modalities and services and their risks and benefits; (3) learning how to maintain stability at home and in the community by using the appropriate treatment and services; and (4) maximizing his or her opportunities for the most constructive and satisfying life possible in the least restrictive available setting, during adolescence and adulthood. The article concludes with suggested changes in law that would assist an adolescent to better understand his or her mental disability, to choose among treatment approaches and service options, and to make the transition to adulthood.
Mummification in Bronze Age Britain

Abstract Intentional mummification is a practice usually associated with early Egyptian or Peruvian societies, but new evidence suggests that it may also have been widespread in prehistoric Britain, and possibly in Europe more generally. Following the discovery of mummified Bronze Age skeletons at the site of Cladh Hallan in the Western Isles of Scotland, a method of analysis has been developed that can consistently identify previously mummified skeletons. The results demonstrate that Bronze Age populations throughout Britain practised mummification on a proportion of their dead, although the criteria for selection are not yet certain.
The Sorbitol Phosphotransferase System Is Responsible for Transport of 2-C-Methyl-d-Erythritol into Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate is the first committed intermediate in the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Supplementation of the growth medium with 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol has been shown to complement disruptions in the Escherichia coli gene for 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase, the enzyme that synthesizes the immediate precursor of 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate. In order to be utilized in isoprenoid biosynthesis, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol must be phosphorylated. We describe the construction of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain RMC26, in which the essential gene encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase has been disrupted by insertion of a synthetic mevalonate operon consisting of the yeast ERG8, ERG12, and ERG19 genes, responsible for converting mevalonate to isopentenyl diphosphate under the control of an arabinose-inducible promoter. Random mutagenesis of RMC26 produced defects in the sorbitol phosphotransferase system that prevented the transport of 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol into the cell. RMC26 and mutant strains of RMC26 unable to grow on 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol were incubated in buffer containing mevalonate and deuterium-labeled 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol. Ubiquinone-8 was isolated from these cells and analyzed for deuterium content. Efficient incorporation of deuterium was observed for RMC26. However, there was no evidence of deuterium incorporation into the isoprenoid side chain of ubiquinone Q8 in the RMC26 mutants.
ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT PHYSICO-MECANIQUEDU BLOC DE TERRE COMPRIMÉE AVEC FIBRES

Afin de valoriser les materiaux locaux et de contribuer a la reduction des couts de construction et de l’energie consommee pour le chauffage ou la climatisation, des fibres de surface de palmier dattier ont ete utilisees pour stabiliser les blocs de terre comprimee (BTC). L'objectif principal de ce travail est d’etudier l'effet de l’utilisation des fibres vegetales, notamment les fibres de palmier dattier sur les proprietes mecaniques et sur le comportement mecanique du BTC. L'etude s’est focalisee aussi sur sa sensibilite a l'eau, a travers son absorption totale et son gonflement. L’utilisation de la paille d’orge hachee et des fibres de polypropylene dans cette etude est seulement a titre de comparaison. Dans ce cadre, on a utilise trois teneurs en ciments (5, 6.5 et 8 %), trois teneurs en chaux vive (8, 10 et 12 %), quatre teneurs en fibres (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 et 0.2 %) du poids du melange sec et trois contraintes de compactage (1.5, 5 et 10 MPa). Les resultats indiquent qu’il y a une legere amelioration de la resistance a la compression seche des blocs avec 0,05% en fibres, 8 % en ciment et une contrainte de compactage de 10 MPa. Alors que pour le cas de la chaux vive, l’amelioration a touche la resistance a la traction seche des blocs avec 0,05% en fibres et pour 8 % et 12 % en chaux. Mais pour le reste des cas etudies, l'ajout des fibres brutes ou traitees a la solution de soude a un effet negatif sur les proprietes du BTC. En revanche, la presence des fibres a un effet positif sur le comportement mecanique du composite, en augmentant sa ductilite par rapport au comportement fragile de la matrice seule. Cette etude a montre aussi que l’augmentation de la contrainte de compactage a un effet benefique sur l’ensemble des proprietes etudiees. Les resultats montrent aussi une baisse generale de l’absorption totale d’eau et du gonflement des blocs avec l’augmentation de la teneur en liant et avec la diminution de la teneur en fibres de palmier dattier. La resistance a la compression seche des BTC a base de chaux augmente avec le temps de cure a l’etuve. Les blocs cures a l’etuve ont donne une resistance meilleure que celle des BTC cures au laboratoire ou avec de la vapeur naturelle, tout en signalant que ce dernier type de cure presente l’avantage d’absence de depense energetique. Mots Cles : bloc de terre comprimee; fibres de palmier dattier ; resistance ; absorption totale d'eau; gonflement, comportement mecanique.
Fibrin sealant foam sprayed directly on liver injuries decreases blood loss in resuscitated rats.

OBJECTIVE The majority of early trauma deaths are attributable to uncontrolled hemorrhage from truncal sites. A hemorrhage-control technique that reduced bleeding in the prehospital phase of treatment without requiring manual compression may improve the outcome of these patients. We conducted this preliminary study to determine whether an expanding fibrin sealant foam (FSF) would reduce bleeding from a severe liver injury even during resuscitation. METHODS Rats (n = 31; 291 +/- 5 g; 37.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C; mean +/- SEM), underwent a 60 +/- 5% excision of the median hepatic lobe. The animals received one of three treatments: (1) FSF, (2) immunoglobulin G placebo foam (IgGF), or (3) no treatment. All animals were resuscitated with 40 degrees C lactated Ringer's solution at 3.3 mL/ min/kg to a mean arterial pressure of 100 mm Hg. Total blood loss, mean arterial pressure, and resuscitation volume were recorded for 30 minutes. A qualitative measure of foam coverage and adherence to the cut liver edge was recorded. RESULTS The total blood loss was less (p < 0.01) in the FSF group (21.2 +/- 5.0 mL/kg) than in either IgGF (41.4 +/- 4.3 mL/kg) or the no treatment group (44.6 +/- 4.7 mL/kg), which did not differ. The resuscitation volume was not different. The amount of foam used in the treated groups, 9.1 +/- 1.0 g in the FSF group and 10.0 +/- 1.0 g in the IgGF group, did not differ. Survival for 30 minutes was not different among groups. There was no difference in the amount of cut liver covered by either foam, but the clots were more adherent (p < 0.05) in the FSF group than in the IgGF group. CONCLUSION In rats with a severe liver injury, spraying fibrin foam directly on the cut liver surface decreased blood loss when compared with placebo foam and no treatment. This pilot study suggests a future possible treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage.
Dynamic shifting in thalamocortical processing during different behavioural states†

Recent experiments in our laboratory have indicated that as rats shift the behavioural strategy employed to explore their surrounding environment, there is a parallel change in the physiological properties of the neuronal ensembles that define the main thalamocortical loop of the trigeminal somatosensory system. Based on experimental evidence from several laboratories, we propose that this concurrent shift in behavioural strategy and thalamocortical physiological properties provides rats with an efficient way to optimize either the detection or analysis of complex tactile stimuli.
The Putative Eukaryote-Like O-GlcNAc Transferase of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 Hydrolyzes UDP-GlcNAc and Is Involved in Multiple Cellular Processes

ABSTRACT The posttranslational addition of a single O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues regulates numerous metazoan cellular processes. The enzyme responsible for this modification, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is conserved among a wide variety of organisms and is critical for the viability of many eukaryotes. Although OGTs with domain structures similar to those of eukaryotic OGTs are predicted for many bacterial species, the cellular roles of these OGTs are unknown. We have identified a putative OGT in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 that shows active-site homology and similar domain structure to eukaryotic OGTs. An OGT deletion mutant was created and found to exhibit several phenotypes. Without agitation, mutant cells aggregate and settle out of the medium. The mutant cells have higher free inorganic phosphate levels, wider thylakoid lumen, and differential accumulation of electron-dense inclusion bodies. These phenotypes are rescued by reintroduction of the wild-type OGT but are not fully rescued by OGTs with single amino acid substitutions corresponding to mutations that reduce eukaryotic OGT activity. S. elongatus OGT purified from Escherichia coli hydrolyzed the sugar donor, UDP-GlcNAc, while the mutant OGTs that did not fully rescue the deletion mutant phenotypes had reduced or no activity. These results suggest that bacterial eukaryote-like OGTs, like their eukaryotic counterparts, influence multiple processes.
Comparison of Corneal Epithelial Thickness Measurement Between Fourier-Domain OCT and Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound.

PURPOSE To compare measurements of corneal epithelial thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and very high-frequency digital ultrasound (VHFDU). METHODS Retrospective analysis of 189 virgin corneas and 175 post-laser refractive surgery (LRS) corneas that had corneal epithelial thickness measurement with RTVue Fourier-domain OCT (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA) (tear film included) and Artemis VHFDU (ArcScan Inc., Morrison, CO) (tear film excluded). Averages were calculated for the central 2-mm diameter zone and for two further concentric annuli of 1.5- and 0.5-mm width, each divided into eight sectors. Agreement was analyzed by mean difference (OCT - VHFDU), 95% limits of agreement (LoA) (1.96 standard deviation of the difference), and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS In virgin epithelium, mean central thickness was 53.4 ± 3.20 µm (range: 46 to 62 µm) with OCT and 54.1 ± 2.96 µm (range: 48 to 61 µm) with VHFDU; OCT measured thinnest in 70% with a mean difference of -0.71 µm (95% LoA of ± 3.94 µm, P < .001). In post-LRS epithelium, mean central thickness was 57.9 ± 6.08 µm (range: 42 to 77 µm) with OCT and 60.5 ± 6.47 µm (range: 42 to 79 µm) with VHFDU; OCT measured thinnest in 88%, with a mean difference of -2.48 µm (95% LoA of ± 5.33 µm, P < .001). A larger difference between methods was more common with thicker epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Corneal epithelial thickness measurements using OCT were found to be slightly thinner than for VHFDU. In contrast to VHFDU, OCT measurement includes the tear film, so the true difference is probably approximately 4 µm more than reported. The difference was greatest inferiorly and higher for post-LRS eyes and in thicker epithelium.
Axonal domains within shared touch domes in the rat: A comparison of their fate during conditions favoring collateral sprouting and following axonal regeneration

Low‐threshold mechanosensory nerves in the adult rat differ both from their counterparts in lower vertebrates and from high‐threshold nociceptive nerves in mammals in that they appear not to undergo collateral sprouting into adjacent denervated skin, although they will clearly regenerate into it after they are damaged. We have now studied the growth capabilities of the low‐threshold nerves supplying touch domes, the visible mechanosensory structures scattered throughout the hairy skin. Touch domes in the rat are often multiply innervated. A serendipitous observation on such domes allowed us to investigate the possibility that a functional collateral sprouting of their nerves can indeed occur, but only to a spatially very restricted extent, e.g., within the confines of a partially denervated dome. We used a “prodder” with a tip diameter of 16 μm to examine the mechanosensory profile across single domes that were preselected as being supplied by only two axons, one running in each of two adjacent dorsal cutaneous nerves (DCNs). Simultaneous recordings were made of the afferent discharges evoked in these nerves when the prodder was applied at about 17 or more locations on a selected dome; the spatial resolution was better than 55 μm. We found that within such a shared dome, one axon can supply a discrete territory (its “domain”), which may or may not overlap with the corresponding domain of the other axon. In a preliminary electron microscopic study, we found no evidence for a sharing of single Merkel cells, which are the specialized sensory cells in touch domes, even in the regions of a shared dome where two domains overlapped; each innervated Merkel cell appeared to be contacted by a single nerve ending, implying that in a shared dome each axon probably supplies an exclusive subpopulation of the Merkel cells. We tested for functional collateral sprouting by eliminating one nerve to a shared dome, and at a selected time thereafter mapping the domain of the remaining axon to see whether it had enlarged. The result was the same whether the two domains initially had a region of overlap or not; no expansion of the surviving domain occurred over postoperative periods up to 4 months (an expansion of the domain by 55 μm would have been detected). Thus functional collateral sprouting had failed to occur. In contrast, when the entire DCN containing one of the axons was surgically eliminated, and that containing the other axon crushed and allowed to regenerate, invariably the axon that grew into the now totally denervated dome invaded it extensively, restoring mechanosensitivity to both former domains.
The Prague Library Floods of 2002: Crisis and Experimentation

In August 2002 a massive flood struck the Czech capital city of Prague, inundating the collections of the National Library of the Czech Republic and the Prague Municipal Library. The librarians from these institutions and others in the Czech Republic had to respond quickly during a natural disaster. Despite the chaos and lack of preparation, Czech librarians and archivists were able to send a significant percentage of their flooded collections to be frozen, thus staving off immediate destruction of these historic collections by water or mold. Once the materials were frozen, librarians had to decide the best way to thaw and disinfect the items so that these materials could be used again. Influenced partly by cost, Czech librarians chose an experimental method over standard methods such as vacuum packing or vacuum freeze drying to treat the bulk of the frozen library materials. This essay traces the preservation decisions that librarians at two institutions, the National Library and the Prague Municipal Library, made during and after the flood to save their unique and historical collections.
Development of L‐type calcium channels and a nifedipine‐sensitive motor activity in the postnatal mouse spinal cord

Intrinsic membrane properties are important in the regulation of motoneuronal output during such behaviours as locomotion. A conductance through L‐type calcium channels has been implicated as an essential component in the transduction of motoneuronal input to output during locomotion. Given the developmental changes in calcium currents occurring postnatally in some neurons, and the increasing interest in the study of spinal locomotor output in neonatal preparations, experiments were conducted to investigate the postnatal development of L‐type calcium channels in mouse motoneurons. This was assessed both physiologically, using a chemically induced rhythmic motor output, and anatomically, using immunohistochemical methods. The electrophysiological data were obtained during rhythmic bursting produced by application of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) and strychnine to the isolated spinal cord at various postnatal ages. The L‐type calcium channel blocker nifedipine has no effect on this ventral root bursting in postnatal day (P) P2–P5 animals, but reversibly reduced the amplitude and/or burst duration of this activity in animals greater than P7. The immunohistochemical evidence demonstrates a dramatic change in the cellular profile of both the α1C and α1D subunits of L‐type calcium channels during postnatal development; the labelling of both subunits increases with age, approximating the adult pattern by P18. These results demonstrate that in the spinal cord, the L‐type calcium channel profile develops both physiologically and anatomically in the early postnatal period. This development parallels the development of the mature functional behaviours of weight bearing and walking, and may be necessary for the production of complex motor behaviour in the mature mammal.
Pharmacological Treatment of Apathy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological treatment of apathy in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: Systematic review of studies assessing the effects of pharmacological treatment on apathy in neurodegenerative diseases. Results: Thirty-five studies were included: 2 meta-analyses, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 14 open-label studies, 5 case series, and 1 single case study. Eight studies included apathy as a primary outcome. A cholinesterase inhibitor was investigated in 24 studies, methylphenidate in 5, and other medications in 6 studies. Most RCTs of cholinesterase inhibitors reported a small but statistically significant improvement of apathetic symptoms. Conclusions: Although some medications are promising candidates for further study, there is as yet insufficient evidence that pharmacological treatment improves apathetic symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Large-scale, placebo-controlled RCTs with apathy as a primary outcome measure are needed to establish the potential benefit of pharmacological treatment of apathy.
Polyphenol interaction with the T47D human breast cancer cell line

Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate that antioxidant food polyphenols could have antimitotic activities, interfering with cancer initiation, progression or mortality. Circulating polyphenols are far lower than the nominal value in foods. In the rare studies dealing with polyphenol bioavailability, it was noted that their active concentrations in the blood are <1% of their food concentration. In the present study we investigated the effect of four polyphenols (resveratrol, and the flavonoids quercetin, catechin and epicatechin, major constituents of wine) in the hormone-sensitive human cancer cell line T47D, at concentrations compatible with their calculated plasma concentrations after ingestion of a moderate quantity of wine (nM or pM). Our results indicate that cell growth was decreased, with cells being arrested at the S phase of the cycle. In addition, we provide evidence of a bimodal modulation of the NO/NOS system, affecting its activity and transcription. We show that modulation of this system is sufficient to explain polyphenol action on this cell line. This result suggests a potential importance of wine ingestion and possibly the consumption of other polyphenol-rich dietary foods and drinks in the control of breast cancer cell growth.
Neuropsychiatric safety with liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management: Results from randomized controlled phase 2 and 3a trials

Liraglutide, a GLP‐1 receptor agonist, regulates appetite via receptors in the brain. Because of concerns regarding the potential of centrally‐acting anti‐obesity medications to affect mental health, pooled neuropsychiatric safety data from all phase 2 and 3a randomized, double‐blind trials with liraglutide 3.0 mg were evaluated post hoc.
Internet Use and Well-Being of Young Adults

Internet has significantly transformed how, when and where people conduct their everyday life activities. This study examines the relationship between Internet use and well-being. We ask: how do Internet use and the quality of Internet and non-Internet experiences influence well-being? Drawing on the subjective well-being literature in economics and psychology as well as empirical research on Internet use and impacts, we evaluate the influence of domain life satisfaction and affective experiences associated with Internet and non-Internet activities on life satisfaction. Young adults in Thailand are the empirical focus of this study. The results suggest that satisfaction with family is important to their life satisfaction. Positive affect from Internet activities is important to a satisfying life of young adults. They appear to value positive affect from Internet activities more than positive affect from non-Internet activities. On the other hand, negative affect from both Internet and non-Internet activities decreases life