Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory on the dietary behaviors preventating of osteoporosis in reproductive age women who resort to Health Centers in Sabzevar

Introduction: Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone diseases. This disease is largely preventable.This study was performed in order to Investigate the effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory on the nutrition behaviors preventating of osteoporosis in reproductive age women who resort to Health Centers in Sabzevar city. Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 65 people of reproductive age women resorting to Health Centers in Sabzevar city in 2016, were investigated by random sampling.Data gathering tools was self-made questionnaire based on protection–motivation theory along with demographic questions.After confirming the validity and reliability of tools, the questionnaires was completed three times by the patients (samples); once before training them, and twice after it (one month and three months after) . After conducting the educational intervention pre-test training to the test group during six sessions at six weeks, All the collected data were analyzed using by SPSS16 software Stata12. Results: The mean age of participants was 33.2 ± 8.1 years. The results showed that self-efficiency and motivation had a significant relationship with nutritionbehaviors.In this analysis, self-efficiency and fear were the most important predictors of nutrition behavior for preventing the osteoporosis.Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the different template structures in the two groups. After the intervention were observed significant differences in the mean scores of susceptibility, intensity, self-efficiency, response efficiency, cost, reward, fear, motivation and behavior between the experimental and control groups (P <0/001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the efficiency of protection motivation theory in predicting the nutritional behaviors adoption for preventing the osteoporosis. This theory can also be used as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for the prevention of osteoporosis in women and to help promote and maintain their health. Keywords: Protection–motivation Theory, Osteoporosis, Preventive Behaviors
A Large-Scale Study of File Prevalence

We report on a large-scale telemetry project. The system gathered file reports from 20.7 million machines that ran the Windows Upgrade Advisor over a period of 13 months. The data gives a unique insight into file prevalence across a web-scale population. Among interesting findings is that over half of all files reported are seen on a single system and never seen again. There is considerable innovation, with new files being generated in the population at a rate of thousands per day. The client systems also exhibit extraordinary diversity with the least active and most active machines reporting very different file distributions. The data points to the extreme difficulty of building an exhaustive library of existing software. The longtail nature of the distribution shows that even 20 million systems is nowhere near enough to generate a comprehensive picture of the universe of Windows software. The largest publicly available library, the National Software Registry Library, contains a mere 0.26% of the files reported by our clients.
Genital automatisms in complex partial seizures

Objective: To determine which brain region is responsible for the generation of sexual automatisms. Methods: Ninety consecutive patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy (74 with temporal lobe and 16 with frontal lobe epilepsy) referred to an epilepsy monitoring unit were studied. The occurrence of the following sexual automatisms was assessed during prolonged video-EEG monitoring: 1) repeatedly grabbing or fondling the genitals and 2) pelvic or truncal thrusting or similar movements. Results: Five patients repeatedly fondled or grabbed their genitals during or immediately after some of their seizures. All five had temporal lobe epilepsy, as evidenced from prolonged video-EEG monitoring, high-resolution MRI, and good to excellent outcome after epilepsy surgery. Sexual automatisms did not occur with frontal lobe epilepsy. Conclusion: Sexual automatisms cannot be related exclusively to frontal lobe seizures. As previously proposed, apparently sexual hypermotoric pelvic or truncal movements are common in frontal lobe seizures, but this study suggests that discrete genital automatisms, like fondling and grabbing the genitals, are more common in seizures evolving from the temporal lobe.
Exploring the Tradeoffs Between Incentives for Distributed Generation Developers and DNOs

Regulators are aiming to incentivize developers and Distribution Network Operators to connect distributed generation (DG) to improve network environmental performance and efficiency. A key question is whether these incentives will encourage both parties to connect DG. Here, multiobjective optimal power flow is used to simulate how the parties' incentives affect their choice of DG capacity within the limits of the existing network. Using current U.K. incentives as a basis, this paper explores the costs, benefits and tradeoffs associated with DG in terms of connection, losses and, in a simple fashion, network deferral
The contribution of interspecific variation in maximum tree height to tropical and temperate diversity

Maximum height was assessed for tree species from seven temperate deciduous forests, one subtropical forest and one tropical forest and combined with published tree heights for three other tropical forests. The temperate deciduous forests showed a strong concentration of canopy species and a dearth of subcanopy species. In contrast, the four tropical forests showed more uniform distributions of maximum heights, while the subtropical forest had an intermediate distribution. The tropical and subtropical sites had greater densities of small trees than did the temperate sites and most of these small trees were members of small-to medium-sized species. Sapling recruitment per unit stem basal area increased with declining maximum height in Panama, which is consistent with the criterion for coexistence of species of differing stature derived from Kohyama's forest architecture hypothesis. Greater penetration of light into gaps and favourable conditions for growth over most of the year may allow more smaller-statured species to coexist with canopy trees in tropical vs. temperate forests.
A Microeconometric Model of the Demand for Health Care and Health Insurance in Australia

This paper develops a model for interdependent demand for health insurance and health care under uncertainty to throw light on the issue of insurance-induced distortions in the demand for health care services. The model is used to empirically analyse the determinants of the choice of health insurance type and seven types of health care services using micro-level data from the 1977–78 Australian Health Survey. Econometric implementation of the model involves, simultaneously, issues of discreteness of choice, selectivity and stochastic dependence between health insurance and utilization. Health status appears to be more important in determining health care service use than health insurance choice, while income appears to be more important in determining health insurance choice than in determining health care service use. For a broad range of health care services both moral hazard and self selection are found to be important determinants of utilization of health care services.
Protamine as a Potential Amoebicidal Agent for Contact Lens Disinfection

Purpose To evaluate the amoebicidal efficacy of protamine with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methods The International Organization for Standardization 14729:2001 procedure was modified to test amoebicidal activity. Acanthamoeba cells were inoculated into dilutions of protamine alone (57 to 228 &mgr;M) or in combination with PHMB/EDTA and incubated at 25°C for 6 hours. The number of survivors was determined after 7 days of incubation at 32°C on Escherichia coli–seeded agar plates. For encystment, Acanthamoeba trophozoites were incubated in protamine/PHMB/EDTA for 24 hours, and then the number of cysts was counted using a hemocytometer. Results Protamine showed significant (p < 0.01) activity against trophozoites of both Acanthamoeba strains, which reached 2 log reductions or more for 228 &mgr;M compared with that in phosphate buffered saline. The addition of PHMB to protamine significantly (p = 0.002) improved anti-Acanthamoeba effect (0.8 logs reduction) of Acanthamoeba castellanii only. The addition of EDTA to protamine/PHMB only slightly improved efficacy (0.1 logs). Protamine at 228 &mgr;M significantly (p < 0.0001) killed the cysts of either strain by between 0.6 and 0.9 logs. Protamine/PHMB significantly increased killing (p = 0.014) of cysts of A. castellanii only. Protamine/PHMB/EDTA did not show synergy against Acanthamoeba cysts. Protamine or protamine/PHMB with or without EDTA did not cause encystment. Conclusions Protamine shows good activity against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts and works more effectively in combination with PHMB against A. castellanii. Protamine may be a promising ingredient in contact lens–disinfecting solutions to control Acanthamoeba growth.
Assessment of uncertainty associated with measuring exposure to radon and decay products in the French uranium miners cohort

The reliability of exposure data directly affects the reliability of the risk estimates derived from epidemiological studies. Measurement uncertainty must be known and understood before it can be corrected. The literature on occupational exposure to radon (222Rn) and its decay products reveals only a few epidemiological studies in which uncertainty has been accounted for explicitly. This work examined the sources, nature, distribution and magnitude of uncertainty of the exposure of French uranium miners to radon (222Rn) and its decay products. We estimated the total size of uncertainty for this exposure with the root sum square (RSS) method, which may be an alternative when repeated measures are not available. As a result, we identified six main sources of uncertainty. The total size of the uncertainty decreased from about 47% in the period 1956–1974 to 10% after 1982, illustrating the improvement in the radiological monitoring system over time.
Tidal networks: 2. Watershed delineation and comparative network morphology

Through the new method for automatic extraction of a tidal network from topographic or bathymetric fields described in a companion paper [Fagherazzi et al., this issue], we analyze the morphology of aggregated patterns that we observe in nature in different tidal environments. Specifically, we define, on the basis of a hydrodynamic analysis, a procedure for watershed delineation and for the identification of the “divides” for every subnetwork and look at the resulting drainage density and its related scaling properties. From the systematic, large‐scale plots of drainage density and channel width versus watershed area we address the issue of a possible geomorphic criterion that corresponds to the parts of the tidal landscape that are characterized by river‐like features. We also analyze the relationship of total contributing tidal basin area to channel widths and to mainstream lengths (Hack's law). We study comparatively probability distributions of total drainage areas and of “botanical” mass (the area of the channelized landscape upstream of a given section) for tidal and fluvial patterns and find altered scaling features of tidal landforms that reflect the complex interactions of different mechanisms that shape their geometry. Simple geomorphic relationships of the types observed in the fluvial basin (e.g., power laws in the watershed area versus drainage density, mainstream length, or channel width relationships) do not hold throughout the range of scales investigated and are site‐specific. We conclude that tidal networks unlike rivers exhibit great diversity in their geometrical and topological forms. This diversity is suggested to stem from the pronounced spatial gradients of landscape‐forming flow rates and from the imprinting of several crossovers from competing dynamic processes.
Targeting latent TGFβ release in muscular dystrophy

Blocking cleavage of latent TGFβ binding protein 4, a modifier of muscular dystrophy in humans and mice, inhibits release of latent TGFβ and decreases pathology in muscular dystrophy. Unhinging Muscle Injury Disruption of the muscle plasma membrane underlies muscle injury and muscular dystrophy. Latent TGFβ binding protein 4 (LTBP4) is a membrane-associated protein that sequesters latent TGFβ. Upon injury, the hinge region of LTBP4 undergoes proteolytic cleavage to release latent TGFβ. Excessive TGFβ release and activity accelerates muscular dystrophy and muscle injury. This hinge domain of LTBP4, and consequently TGFβ release, can be inhibited using antibodies that block proteolysis of LTBP4’s hinge domain. LTBP4 blocking antibodies can be applied as a biological approach to reduce muscle injury and the adverse consequences of muscular dystrophy. Latent transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) binding proteins (LTBPs) bind to inactive TGFβ in the extracellular matrix. In mice, muscular dystrophy symptoms are intensified by a genetic polymorphism that changes the hinge region of LTBP, leading to increased proteolytic susceptibility and TGFβ release. We have found that the hinge region of human LTBP4 was also readily proteolysed and that proteolysis could be blocked by an antibody to the hinge region. Transgenic mice were generated to carry a bacterial artificial chromosome encoding the human LTBP4 gene. These transgenic mice displayed larger myofibers, increased damage after muscle injury, and enhanced TGFβ signaling. In the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the human LTBP4 transgene exacerbated muscular dystrophy symptoms and resulted in weaker muscles with an increased inflammatory infiltrate and greater LTBP4 cleavage in vivo. Blocking LTBP4 cleavage may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce TGFβ release and activity and decrease inflammation and muscle damage in muscular dystrophy.
Mefloquine, an Antimalaria Drug with Antiprion Activity In Vitro, Lacks Activity In Vivo

ABSTRACT In view of the effectiveness of antimalaria drugs inhibiting abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-res) formation in scrapie agent-infected cells, we tested other antimalarial compounds for similar activity. Mefloquine (MF), a quinoline antimalaria drug, was the most active compound tested against RML and 22L mouse scrapie agent-infected cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of ∼0.5 and ∼1.2 μM, respectively. However, MF administered to mice did not delay the onset of intraperitoneally inoculated scrapie agent, the result previously observed with quinacrine. While most anti-scrapie agent compounds inhibit PrP-res formation in vitro, many PrP-res inhibitors have no activity in vivo. This underscores the importance of testing promising candidates in vivo.
Structural Adjustment and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan

Despite the external shocks in the 1980s, the economy continued to grow at a respectable rate. However, increasing internal and external imbalances caused an economic crisis in 1988 and lead to an implementation of a medium term structural adjustment programme within the framework of the IMF and the World Bank. Neither theory nor existing evidence gives a conclusive verdict about the effects of adjustment policies on poverty. Hence, the paper examines the actual changes in absolute poverty during the period of adjustment. The actual changes in the distribution have been examined from two comparable household income and expenditure surveys (HIES) for 1987-88 and 1990-91, spanning the period of adjustment. Evidence suggests that the stylised facts of structural adjustment policies are consistent with actual changes in the absolute poverty. The first order stochastic dominance test suggests that not only the absolute poverty incidence but also the intensity and severity of poverty increased significantly by all poverty lines and poverty measures over the period of adjustment. Structural adjustment created new poor in urban areas amongst the low income groups (mainly Clerical and Sales workers) whose real wages were eroded over the period. Poverty also increased unambiguously among self-employed (smallholders in the informal sector) and unemployed who seems to have been affected adversely by the overall economic contraction. Though, the government has the priority to achieve the fiscal balance, it should seek to ameliorate the most distressing cost arising in the short run. Excessive reliance on demand management in scale or speed is counter-productive for adjustment. Adjustment strategies need to account for the trade-off between shortterm gains and long-term benefits foregone.
Gastric Pouch Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma With a Mixed Adenocarcinoma Component After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most common procedures currently performed for surgical treatment of patients with severe obesity. Gastric cancer after bariatric surgery is not common, with most of them arising in the excluded stomach. Gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas are a rare type of stomach malignancy, composed of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor-cell components, with the latter comprising at least 30% of the whole neoplasm. In this article, we report a unique case of a mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with a mixed adenocarcinoma (tubular and poorly cohesive) component arising in the gastric pouch of a patient who underwent previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for glycemic control. Since stomach cancer is not usual in patients who have formerly undergone bariatric surgery and symptoms tend to be nonspecific, such diagnosis is often rendered at an advanced stage. Full assessment of these patients when presenting such vague symptoms is critical for an early cancer diagnosis.
[The value of procalcitonin in neonatal infections].

UNLABELLED The value of procalcitonin (PCT) measurement is not presently completely assessed for the diagnosis of neonatal infections. PATIENTS AND METHODS This parameter was assessed in a prospective study in the neonatal intensive care unit of Clermont-Ferrand Hospital (France) in comparison to C-reactive protein. All newborn infants admitted before 24 h of life (day 0) in the neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. Newborns (102) were assigned to one of four groups: group 1: non-infected newborns (n = 41); group 2: possibly infected newborns (n = 33); group 3: probably infected newborns (n = 10); group 4: confirmed infections (n = 18 bacterial or fungal infections). C-reactive protein and PCT were determined in the sera at D0, D1, D3 and D8. We determined the optimal cutoff value of PCT using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (R.O.C.). RESULTS The cutoff value is 1.5 ng/mL at D0 and 10 ng/mL at D1. PCT cutoff value is significantly higher at D1 because of a significant PCT peak on the first day of life independent of any infectious stimulus. Our study shows that at D0 and D1 infected newborn infants had significantly higher mean PCT and C-reactive protein values than non infected newborn infants. C-reactive protein has a better specificity but PCT has better sensitivity and negative predictive value. CONCLUSION PCT seems to be an interesting marker of neonatal infections especially during the first 24 h of life even though the mechanism of PCT synthesis remains unclear.
Phosphorylation of Cytochrome c Threonine 28 Regulates Electron Transport Chain Activity in Kidney

Mammalian cytochrome c (Cytc) plays a key role in cellular life and death decisions, functioning as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain and as a trigger of apoptosis when released from the mitochondria. However, its regulation is not well understood. We show that the major fraction of Cytc isolated from kidneys is phosphorylated on Thr28, leading to a partial inhibition of respiration in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase. To further study the effect of Cytc phosphorylation in vitro, we generated T28E phosphomimetic Cytc, revealing superior behavior regarding protein stability and its ability to degrade reactive oxygen species compared with wild-type unphosphorylated Cytc. Introduction of T28E phosphomimetic Cytc into Cytc knock-out cells shows that intact cell respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and ROS levels are reduced compared with wild type. As we show by high resolution crystallography of wild-type and T28E Cytc in combination with molecular dynamics simulations, Thr28 is located at a central position near the heme crevice, the most flexible epitope of the protein apart from the N and C termini. Finally, in silico prediction and our experimental data suggest that AMP kinase, which phosphorylates Cytc on Thr28 in vitro and colocalizes with Cytc to the mitochondrial intermembrane space in the kidney, is the most likely candidate to phosphorylate Thr28 in vivo. We conclude that Cytc phosphorylation is mediated in a tissue-specific manner and leads to regulation of electron transport chain flux via “controlled respiration,” preventing ΔΨm hyperpolarization, a known cause of ROS and trigger of apoptosis.
Differential effects of quercetin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid, on L‐Type calcium current in pituitary tumor (GH3) cells and neuronal NG108‐15 cells

The effects of quercetin, a natural polyphenolic compound, on voltage‐dependent L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) in rat pituitary GH3 cells were investigated with the aid of the whole‐cell voltage‐camp technique. Quercetin (0.5–200 μM) stimulated ICa,L in a concentration‐dependent manner. The current–voltage (I–V) relationship of ICa,L was slightly shifted to more negative potentials in the presence of quercetin. The EC50 value of the quercetin‐induced stimulation of ICa,L was about 7 μM. The presence of quercetin (5 μM) shifted the steady state inactivation curve of ICa,L to a more negative potential by approximately −10 mV. Although quercetin might increase intracellular cyclic AMP, sp‐cAMPS did not affect ICa,L. In addition, neither flavone nor wortmannin had any effect on the amplitude of ICa,L, while epicatechin and genistein slightly suppressed it. Quercetin (50 μM) decreased the amplitude of tetrodotoxin‐sensitive Na+ current in GH3 cells. Under current‐clamp configuration, quercetin could increase the firing frequency of actions potentials. Conversely, in NG108‐15 neuronal cells, quercetin suppressed the amplitude of ICa,L. The quercetin‐induced inhibition of ICa,L was abolished in NG108‐15 cells preincubated with t‐butyl hydroperoxide (1 mM). Quercetin‐mediated stimulation of ICa,L in GH3 cells was presumably not associated with the level of intracellular cyclic AMP, or with the activity of tyrosine or phosphoinositide 3‐kinases. Therefore, the effects of quercetin on ion currents may, at least in part, contribute to the underlying mechanisms through which it affects neuronal or neuroendocrine function. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.