Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of ketamine dose on self-rated dissociation in patients with treatment refractory anxiety disorders

Patients receiving ketamine for refractory depression and anxiety report dissociative symptoms in the first 60 min post-dose. The most commonly used instrument to assess this is the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS), developed based on the assessment of patients with dissociative symptoms. Its psychometric properties for ketamine-induced dissociation have not been reported. We evaluated these from a study using 0.25–1 mg/kg ketamine and midazolam (as an active control) in 18 patients with treatment-resistant anxiety. Dissociation ratings were increased by ketamine in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, midazolam showed no effect on ratings of dissociation. For individual CADSS items, the magnitude of change and the ketamine dose at which changes were observed were not homogenous. The Cronbach alpha for the total scale was high (0.937), with acceptable item-rest correlations for almost all individual items. Purposefully removing items to maximise alpha did not lead to meaningful improvements. Acceptable internal consistency was still observed after removing items which lacked evidence of responsiveness at lower doses. The high Cronbach alpha values identified in this study suggests that the CADSS is an internally consistent instrument for evaluating ketamine-induced dissociation in clinical trials in anxiety, although it does not capture symptoms such as thought disorder.
Biochemical and Molecular Roles of Nutrients Dietary ( n-3 ) and ( n6 ) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Rapidly Modify Fatty Acid Composition and Insulin Effects in Rat Adipocytes 1 , 2

The influence of dietary (n-3) compared with (n-6) polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) on the lipid composition and metabolism of adipocytes was evaluated in rats over a period of 1 week. Isocaloric diets comprised 16.3 g/100 g protein, 53.8 g/100 g carbohydrate and 21.4 g/100 g lipids, the latter containing either (n-3) PUFA (32.4 mol/100 mol) or (n-6) PUFA (37.8 mol/100 mol) but having identical contents of saturated, monounsaturated and total unsaturated fatty acids and identical polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios and double bond indexes. Despite comparable food intake, significantly smaller body weight increments and adipocyte size were observed in rats of the (n-3) diet group after feeding for 1 wk. Rats fed the (n-3) diet also had significantly lower concentrations of serum triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin compared with those fed the (n-6) diet, although levels of serum glucose and free fatty acids did not differ in the two dietary groups. In the (n-6) diet group, the (n-6) and (n-3) PUFA contents of plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids were 30–60% higher and 60–80% lower, respectively, than in the (n-3) diet group, whereas adipocyte plasma membrane phospholipids showed a significantly higher unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio and greater fluidity. Glycerol release in response to noradrenaline was significantly higher in the adipocytes of rats fed the (n-3) diet, whereas the antilipolytic effect of insulin generally did not differ in the two groups. Finally, insulin stimulated the transport of glucose and its incorporation into fatty acids to a lesser extent in adipocytes of (n-3) diet fed rats compared with (n-6) diet fed rats. This reduction in the metabolic effects of insulin in rats fed a (n-3) diet for 1 wk could be related to smaller numbers and a lower binding capacity of the insulin receptors on adipocytes and/or to a lesser degree of phosphorylation of the 95 kDa beta subunit of the receptor. In conclusion, dietary intake for 1 wk of (n-3) rather than (n-6) PUFA is sufficient to induce significant differences in the lipid composition and metabolic responses to insulin of rat adipocytes. J. Nutr. 128: 512–519, 1998.
Instructions for use Title Expression of N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-Sulfate 6O-Sulfotransferase Involved in Chondroitin Sulfate Synthesis

Title Expression of N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-Sulfate 6-O-Sulfotransferase Involved in Chondroitin Sulfate Synthesis Is Responsible for Pulmonary Metastasis Author(s) Mizumoto, Shuji; Watanabe, Moto; Yamada, Shuhei; Sugahara, Kazuyuki Citation BioMed Research International, 2013: 1-9 Issue Date 2013 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/62915 Rights Copyright © 2013 Shuji Mizumoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Rights(URL) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Type article File Information BMRI2013 656319.pdf
Real-time biofeedback of gait parameters using infrared position sensors

Developing sensor technologies for avoiding foot contact with obstacles or uneven surfaces is a potentially powerful intervention for maintaining balance while undertaking hazardous gait tasks. Such interventions are particularly important in individuals influenced either by ageing or gait pathologies. This research describes an infrared sensor system that provides real-time feedback of toe position with respect to the support surface to enable safer ground clearance. Infrared position sensors were used to monitor shoe end points and foot trajectory with respect to the walking surface. Vertical displacement of the toe was displayed in real-time using a data projector such that subjects could adjust their toe clearance. Ten healthy young and 10 healthy older subjects undertook normal unconstrained walking (no-feedback) and in a following condition (biofeedback) were instructed to maintain minimum toe clearance (MTC) within a target band defined using the no-feedback toe clearance characteristics [lower bound: 1.5 x baseline mean MTC, upper bound: lower bound + 3 x SD]. Both groups significantly increased toe clearance above baseline, confirming that on-line feedback of a kinematic gait parameter can be utilized by both young and older adults to change their lower limb trajectory. Poincaré analysis undertaken on MTC time-series data from successive gait cycles confirmed that the younger participants were more stable during both baseline and feedback and capable of maintaining MTC within narrow bounds without shifting from an established locomotor pattern. The results highlighted that real-time biofeedback of foot trajectory gait parameters has potential to assist in gait rehabilitation and other biomedical and healthcare applications.
Cluster-randomized xylitol toothpaste trial for early childhood caries prevention.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of supervised tooth-brushing with xylitol toothpaste to prevent early childhood caries (ECC) and reduce mutans streptococci. METHODS In this cluster-randomized efficacy trial, 196 four- to five-year-old children in four Head Start classrooms in the Marshall Islands were randomly assigned to supervised toothbrushing with 1,400 ppm/31 percent fluoride xylitol or 1,450 ppm fluoride sorbitol toothpaste. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in efficacy between the two types of toothpaste. The primary outcome was the surface-level primary molar caries increment (d(2-3)mfs) after six months. A single examiner was blinded to classroom assignments. Two classrooms were assigned to the fluoride-xylitol group (85 children), and two classrooms were assigned to the fluoride-sorbitol group (83 children). The child-level analyses accounted for clustering. RESULTS There was no difference between the two groups in baseline or end-of-trial mean d(2-3)mfs. The mean d(2-3)mfs increment was greater in the fluoride-xylitol group compared to the fluoride-sorbitol group (2.5 and 1.4 d(2-3)mfs, respectively), but the difference was not significant (95% confidence interval: -0.17, 2.37; P=.07). No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION After six months, brushing with a low-strength xylitol/fluoride tooth-paste is no more efficacious in reducing ECC than a fluoride-only toothpaste in a high caries-risk child population.
Self-leadership Training

Self-leadership is a widely accepted constellation of behaviors that contribute to individual and organizational success (Houghton and Neck, 2006). Stewart, Courtright, and Manz (2019) recently published a meta-analysis of self-leadership theory, providing an in-depth analysis of the current theory and a cursory overview of the value and implications of self-leadership training. The purpose of this study is to extend the current meta-analysis by examining selfleadership training specifically. The researchers employed a meta-analytic process of all published self-leadership training publications that include an intervention along with the theoretical significance of self-leadership training on the individual and organizational levels. The research includes analysis and discussion of the training specific literature along with findings and implications for future research.
Free Internet Access, the Digital Divide, and Health Information

Background:The Internet has emerged as a valuable tool for health information. Half of the U.S. population lacked Internet access in 2001, creating concerns about those without access. Starting in 1999, a survey firm randomly invited individuals to join their research panel in return for free Internet access. This provides a unique setting to study the ways that people who had not previously obtained Internet access use the Internet when it becomes available to them. Methods:In 2001–2002, we surveyed 12,878 individuals 21 years of age and older on the research panel regarding use of the Internet for health; 8935 (69%) responded. We analyzed respondents who had no prior Internet access, and then compared this group to those who had prior Internet access. Results:Among those newly provided free Internet access, 24% had used the Internet for health information in the past year, and users reported notable benefits, such as improved knowledge and self-care abilities. Not surprisingly, the no-prior-Internet group reported lower rates of using the Internet (24%) than the group that had obtained Internet access prior to joining the research panel (40%), but the 2 groups reported similar perceptions of the Internet and self-reported effects. Conclusions:Those who obtained Internet access for the first time by joining the panel used the Internet for health and appeared to benefit from it. Access helps explain the digital divide, although most people given free access do not use the Internet for health information.
Anisotropic Zeeman Splitting in YbNi 4 P 2

The electronic structure of heavy-fermion materials is highly renormalised at low temperatures with localised moments contributing to the electronic excitation spectrum via the Kondo effect. Thus, heavy-fermion materials are very susceptible to Lifshitz transitions due to the small effective Fermi energy arising on parts of the renormalised Fermi surface. Here, we study Lifshitz transitions that have been discovered in YbNi4P2 in high magnetic fields. We measure the angular dependence of the critical fields necessary to induce a number of Lifshitz transitions and find it to follow a simple Zeeman-shift model with anisotropic g-factor. This highlights the coherent nature of the heavy quasiparticles forming a renormalised Fermi surface. We extract information on the orientation of the Fermi surface parts giving rise to the Lifshitz transitions and we determine the anisotropy of the effective g-factor to be η ≈ 3.8 in good agreement with the crystal field scheme of YbNi4P2.
Molecular detection of leptospiral carriers in sheep under tropical field conditions

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., São Paulo, v. 51, n. 3, p. 220-223, 2014 Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the usefulness of PCR for the detection of leptospiral carriers in sheep under tropical field conditions. Two flocks, previously reported as seroreactive (A) and seronegative (B), were selected for this study. From those, the totality of animals of each flock, urine and vaginal fluid (VF)/semen were collected for bacteriological culture and PCR, as well as serum samples for serology. Serology confirmed the previous status of the two flocks. Culture was negative for all the samples. In PCR, animals of Flock A presented 26.7% (VF), 33.3% (semen) and 38.9% (urine) of positivity. Flock B presented 40.0% (VF), 33.3% (semen) and 5.6% (urine) of positivity by PCR. In conclusion, PCR was important to identify carriers of leptospires, including animals from a seronegative flock, what reinforces the advantages of the usage of this tool for the detection of carriers in sheep as part of control programs of leptospirosis under tropical field conditions.
The efficiency and distributive effects of local taxes: evidence from Italian municipalities

This paper analyzes the effect of local income taxation on taxable income, inequality and internal migration in Italy using two tax reforms and several administrative data sources. These reforms, introduced in 2007 and 2011, granted municipalities the authority to switch from a flat to a progressive local income tax. I obtain two main results. First, the progressive tax reduced taxable income by 5 percent and the income share held by the top percentile of the municipal income distribution by 6 percent. Second, I find compelling evidence of a positive effect of net-of-tax rate differentials across provinces on changing fiscal residence.
Banking Risks Around the World: The Implicit Safety Net Subsidy Approach

The author calculates gross safety net subsidies for a large sample of banks in 12 countries, to assess the relationship between the risk-taking behavior of banks, and certain ban characteristics. He finds that gross safety net subsidies are higher for banks that have concentrated ownership, that are affiliated with a business group, that are small, or that have high credit growth, and for banks in countries with low GDP per capita, high inflation, or poor quality, and enforcement of the legal system. These findings suggest that the moral hazard behavior of a bank depends on its institutional environment, and its corporate governance structure. The author also presents a matrix that shows estimates of safety net subsidies for a range of given combinations of equity volatilities, and equity-to-deposit ratios. These figures could be used as input to an early warning system, for both individual, and systemic banking problems.
Relationship among Job Demand-Resources , Job Stress , Organizational Support and Nurses ’ Job Performance

Job demand resources refers to the degree to which the working environment contains stimuli that require some effort, which suggests that job demands may lead to negative consequences if they require additional effort to achieve work goals and the physical, psychological, social or organizational aspects of the job which are necessary in the achievement of goals. Job stress has been associated with various undesirable effects in terms of physical, psychological, and behaviour disorders and commonly associated with jobs that require a lot of direct interactions with people. Organizational support is based on the observation that when the leadership and management of an organization show concern about the commitment of the employees towards the organization. Job performance refers to how effective employees are in accomplishing their tasks and responsibilities related to direct patient care. Improving the performance of employees has been a topic of great interest to practitioners as well as researchers. The aim of the study is to analysis the relationship among job demand-resources, job stress, organizational support and nurses’ job performance. Data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on job performance. The methodology heavily relied on existing previous literatures on the subject being dealt with. The findings of the study turn out to be true; the study will contribute to both theory and practice. Through the present study, the researcher expects the findings to shed light on the research conducted to analysis the relationship on job performance.
Methadone N-demethylation in human liver microsomes: lack of stereoselectivity and involvement of CYP3A4.

AIMS To investigate the kinetics of CYP-mediated N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes, and examine the role of stereoselectivity and CYP isoforms involved. METHODS The kinetics of 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) formation via N-demethylation of rac-, (R)- and (S)-methadone in human liver microsomes prepared from six liver samples were determined by h.p.l.c. , and inhibition of metabolic function was studied using isoform-specific chemical inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Microsomes containing expressed CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 were also used to examine the formation of EDDP. RESULTS The V max, Km, and CLint values for the formation of EDDP from rac-, (R)- and (S)-methadone were in the ranges of 20-77 nmol mg-1 protein h-1, 125-252 microm, and 91-494 ml h-1 g-1 protein. Km and CLint values for (R)- and (S)-methadone were not statistically significantly different (P >0.05), while V max values for (S)-methadone were 15% (P=0.045) lower than for (R)-methadone. Expressed CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 showed similar reaction rates for both (R)- and (S)-methadone, while CYP2D6 did not catalyse this reaction. Selective chemical inhibitors of CYP3A (troleandomycin, ketoconazole) and monoclonal human CYP3A4 antibodies significantly inhibited (P<0.05) the formation of EDDP in a concentration dependent manner by up to 80%. Sulphaphenazole (CYP2C9) also significantly inhibited (P<0.05) EDDP formation (range 14-25%). There were no statistically significant differences in the inhibition observed between the three substrates. Selective inhibitors of CYP1A2 (furafylline), CYP2A6 (coumarin), CYP2C19 ((S)-mephenytoin), CYP2D6 (quinidine) and CYP2E1 (diethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt and monoclonal human CYP2E1 antibodies) had no significant (P >0.05) effect. CONCLUSIONS The N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes is not markedly stereoselective, and is mediated mainly by CYP3A4 with the possible involvement of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Thus, the large interindividual variation reported for methadone pharmacokinetics may be due to variability in the expression of these CYP isoforms, and the reported stereoselectivity in the systemic clearance of methadone in vivo is not due to stereoselectivity in N-demethylation.
A Comparative Study to illustrate the Effects of Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Allelic Polymorphism on Disease Outcome in Iraqi Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (on Metoprolol Therapy)

Objective: The response to metoprolol therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is variable and a substantial element of this variability is linked to variation in CYP2D6 enzyme and adrenoreceptor (ADRB1) alleles, genotype polymorphism, affecting the phenotype in terms of both rate of metabolism of the active metoprolol (and hence its metabolic ratio) and the responsiveness of ADRB1 receptors to bound metoprolol. This study aims to investigate different clinically relevant allele variants (allele frequencies) of ADRB1 genes: (Arg389Gly: Gly/Gly, Gly/Arg, Arg/Gly) and to determine whether a specific genotype of Beta-1 adrenergic receptor genes (based on genetic polymorphism "allelic types" and combination) have impact on metoprolol effectiveness (clinical outcome) in Arabic Iraqi patients with ACS. Methods: Two-hundred and fifty patients with ACS were enrolled in this study and divided into 2 study groups: Group 1 (125 ACS patients receiving metoprolol) and Group 2 (125 ACS patients received no metoprolol therapy). Two millilitres of venous blood samples were collected and stored at -20 C for DNA extraction. Urine samples were also collected to assess the metabolic ratio using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: There were significant variations in the distribution of the Iraqi patients with respect to CYP2D6 allelic polymorphism in comparison with nearby, Western and Eastern countries and that significant difference contributed to patients’ outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality in respect to variable genotypes and phenotypes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that individualization of metoprolol in patients with ACS is essential to improve patients’ outcome. to genetic polymorphism and outcome in Iraqi mid-Euphrates
Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and melanoma tumorigenesis: an insight

The presence of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) amid the tumour cells in the stroma and overlying epidermis is a constant feature of melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer. These lymphocytes are mostly cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) that can be propagated in vitro by specific cytokines. Also, they can kill melanoma cells. This specific killing can be abrogated by monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD8, T‐cell receptors (TCRs) and against class I human leucocyte antigens (HLAs). This indicates that these CTLs can recognize the melanoma cells through the TCRs, in an HLA class I‐restricted manner. Therefore, these cells and their products both are critical players in T cell‐induced melanoma regression and are powerful predictors of survival. This review seeks to examine the characteristics, activation and role of TILs and their associated molecules in melanomas.
Factors associated with intentional and unintentional non‐adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy following breast cancer

Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) following breast cancer is known to be suboptimal despite its known efficacy in reducing recurrence and mortality. This study aims to investigate factors associated with non-adherence and inform the development of interventions to support women and promote adherence. A questionnaire survey to measure level of adherence, side effects experienced, beliefs about medicine, support received and socio-demographic details was sent to 292 women 2-4 years post breast cancer diagnosis. Differences between non-adherers and adherers to AET were explored, and factors associated with intentional and unintentional non-adherence are reported. Approximately one quarter of respondents, 46 (22%), were non-adherers, comprising 29 (14%) intentional non-adherers and 17 (8%) unintentional non-adherers. Factors significantly associated with intentional non-adherence were the presence of side effects (p < .03), greater concerns about AET (p < .001) and a lower perceived necessity to take AET (p < .001). Half of the sample (105/211) reported that side effects had a moderate or high impact on their quality of life. Factors associated with unintentional non-adherence were younger age (<65) (p < .001), post-secondary education (p = .046) and paid employment (p = .031). There are distinct differences between intentional non-adherence and unintentional non-adherence. Differentiation between the two types of non-adherence may help tailor support and advice interventions.
Worry ampli fi es theory-of-mind reasoning for negatively valenced social stimuli in generalized anxiety disorder

Background: Theory-of-mind (ToM) is the ability to accurately infer others’ thoughts and feelings. In generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), cognitive and emotion regulation theories allude to the plausibility that ToM is conditional on the degree of individuals’ state worry, a hallmark symptom. GAD and state worry may interact to predict ToM constructs. However, no experiments have directly tested such interactional hypotheses, and used ToM as a framework to advance understanding of social cognition in GAD. This study therefore aimed to address