Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of anaerobic digestion of Nile perch fish processing wastewater.

In East Africa, Nile perch processing into fish fillets for export generates large proportions of both solid and liquid fish wastes. These wastes are improperly utilized and/or disposed off untreated leading to environmental pollution problems. On the other hand, Nile perch fish processing wastewater (FPW) contains high concentrations of lipids and proteins, which have high methane yield potential. However, anaerobic digestion (AD) of FPW for methane production is limited due to process inhibition by lipids and ammonia intoxication. To overcome these limitations, the effects of co-digestion, physical and biological pretreatments on extent of methane yield were investigated. At a loading ratio of 1:1 (inoculum to substrate) with raw FPW, a methane yield of 0.56 m3/kgVS was obtained. Co-digestion of the residue with 10% gVS of brewery wastewater enhanced methane yield to a highest increment of 66%. Long chain fatty acids (LCFA) removal prior AD enhanced methane yield to an increment of 52% at LCFA removal of 8%. Pretreatment of FPW with aerobic microbial cultures isolated from a fish waste stabilization pond enhanced methane yield to an increment of 60% after 18 h, 68% after 15 h and 76.0% after 12 h of incubation, respectively, for strains CBR 11, BR 10 and a mixture of the two (CBR 11 + BR 10). The present study reports for the first time improvement of AD of Nile perch FPW by co-digestion, physical and biological pre-treatment methods and could be used as a basis for designing a pilot scale process.
Association of sul genes and class 1 integron with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in Zagazig University, Egypt

Background : Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S.maltophilia) is an intrinsically drug resistant opportunistic pathogen associated with serious infections in humans. Acquired resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT,co-trimoxazole), the main stay of therapy against S. maltophilia ,has made its treatment more problematic. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the occurrence of SXT resistance among S. maltophilia isolated from Zagazig University Hospitals in Egypt and to assess the association of sul genes and integron1 with SXT-resistant isolates. Material and Methods : Thirty-two S.maltophilia isolates were identified in this study during the period from 2013 to 2015. Screening of SXT-resistant isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer method. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values for SXT were determined by agar dilution. S. maltophilia isolates were tested for the presence of sul1, sul2, sul3, and int 1 genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results : Amongst the 32 S. maltophilia isolates, 12(37.5%) were resistant to SXT. All SXT-resistant isolates were found to harbor sul1 gene and integron1. One of these isolates had sul2 gene (1/12,8.3%). Meanwhile, sul3 gene was not detected in any of the SXT-resistant isolates. Only 2 of the 20 SXT-susceptible isolates was found to yield positive PCR results for sul1 gene, one of them gave positive result for class 1 Integron. The association of sul genes and Integrin1 with resistance to SXT had a statistically significant difference( P<0.0001). Conclusion: Our study indicated a high frequency of SXT resistance among clinical S.maltophilia isolates from Zagazig University Hospitals, in which sul genes and class 1 integron were found to have a major role. Keywords : Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim-resistant; Multiplex PCR; sul genes; Integron 1
The Governmentality of Consultancy and Competition: The Influence of the OECD

INTRODUCTION When sociologists discuss social change, they often approach it from a systemic and evolutionary perspective. When using concepts like modernization or globalization, theorists of social change often ignore the question of how or why development has taken a particular direction. Instead, they concentrate on pointing out a new emergent era or age, such as postmodernity or reflexive modernization, showing how it can be identified and discerned from previous phases, and analysing how it has changed or will change society. In this way social change acquires a somewhat mystical character: it is seen as if it were a stone that is already pushed in motion, rolling down a hill with accelerating speed. This kind of theorizing is concerned with the consequences of the motion, not with the factors that explain it, because the change and its direction are seen as somehow natural and inevitable. Consider the notion of modernization. In its various guises it entails more or less openly the assumption that economic and technological development in a given country gradually leads into a similar social system, characterized by a market economy, democracy, individualism and differentiation. Talcott Parsons's modernization theory is an extreme example of such thinking. In the aftermath of the Second WorId War, Parsons and his
Transfer function fitting using a continuous Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm

An original approach is proposed in order to achieve the fitting of ultra-wideband complex frequency functions, such as the complex impedances, by using the so-called ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) methods. First, we present the optimization principle of ACO, which originally was dedicated to the combinatorial problems. Further on, the extension to the continuous and mixed problems is explained in more details. The interest in this approach is proved by its ability to define practical constraints and objectives, such as minimizing the number of filters used in the model with respect to a fixed relative error. Finally, the establishment of the model for the first and second order filter types illustrates the power of the method and its interest for the time-domain electromagnetic computation.
Binary Choice With Binary Endogenous Regressors in Panel Data

This article considers the estimation of the causal effect of fertility on female-labor-force participation equations. My main concern is to examine two considerations, the endogeneity of fertility and the impact of controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and for predetermined existing children. Using PSID data, a switching binary panel-data model that accounts for selectivity bias as well as for other forms of time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity is estimated. Individual effects are allowed to be correlated with the explanatory variables, which can be predetermined as opposed to strictly exogenous. Family sex composition is used as an instrument for exogenous fertility movements. The results indicate that exogeneity assumptions of children variables induce a downward bias in absolute value in the estimated negative effect of fertility on participation, although the failure to account for unobserved heterogeneity overstates this effect. Moreover, stronger effects of fertility are found when existing children are treated as predetermined but not strictly exogenous variables.
Gradient trajectory analysis in a Jet flow for turbulent combustion modelling

Based on planar high-speed Rayleigh scattering measurements of the mixture fraction Z of propane discharging from a turbulent round jet into co-flowing carbon dioxide at nozzle-based Reynolds numbers Re 0 = 3000–8600, we use scalar gradient trajectories to investigate the local structure of the turbulent scalar field with a focus on the scalar turbulent/non-turbulent interface. The latter is located between the fully turbulent part of the jet and the outer flow. Using scalar gradient trajectories, we partition the turbulent scalar field into these three regions according to an approach developed by Mellado et al. (J.P. Mellado, L. Wang, and N. Peters, Gradient trajectory analysis of a scalar field with external intermittency, J. Fluid Mech. 626 (2009), pp. 333–365. ). Based on these different regions, we investigate in a next step zonal statistics of the scalar probability density function (pdf) P(Z) as well as the scalar difference along the trajectory ΔZ and its mean scalar value Zm , where the latter two quantities are used to parameterize the scalar profile along gradient trajectories. We show that the scalar pdf P(Z) can be reconstructed from zonal gradient trajectory statistics of the joint pdf P(Zm , ΔZ). Furthermore, on the one hand we relate our results for the scalar turbulent/non-turbulent interface to the findings made in other experimental and numerical studies of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, and on the other hand discuss them in the context of the flamelet approach and the modelling of pdfs in turbulent non-premixed combustion. Finally, we compare the zonal statistics for P(Z) with the composite model of Effelsberg and Peters (E. Effelsberg and N. Peters, A composite model for the conserved scalar pdf, Combust. Flame 50 (1983), pp. 351–360) and observe a very good qualitative and quantitative agreement.
First order 0-pi phase transitions in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor trilayers

We study the thermodynamics of the diffusive SFS trilayer composed of thin superconductor (S) and ferromagnet (F) layers. On the basis the self-consistent solutions of nonlinear Usadel equations in the F and S layers we obtain the Ginzburg--Landau expansion and compute the condensation free energy and entropy of the $0$ (even) and $\pi$ (odd) order parameter configurations. The first order $0-\pi$ transition as a function of temperature $T$ occurs, which is responsible for a jump of the averaged magnetic field penetration depth $\lambda(T)$ recently observed on experiments [N.Pompeo, et. al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 064510 (2014)]. The generalized Ginzburg-Landau functional was proposed to describe SFS trilayer for arbitrary phase difference between the superconducting order parameters in the S layers. The temperature dependence of the SFS Josephson junction critical current demonstrates the strong anharmonicity of the corresponding current--phase relation in the vicinity of the $0-\pi$ transition. In rf SQUID, coexistence of stable and metastable $0$ and $\pi$ states provides integer and half--integer fluxoid configurations.
Enabling Air Force Satellite Ground System Automation Through Software Engineering

US Air Force satellite ground stations require significant manpower to operate due to their fragmented legacy architectures. To improve operating efficiencies, the Air Force seeks to incorporate automation into routine satellite operations. Interaction with autonomous systems includes not only daily operations, but also the development, maintainability, and the extensibility of such systems. This thesis researches challenges to Air Force satellite automation: 1) existing architecture of legacy systems, 2) space segment diversity, and 3) unclear definition and scoping of the term, “automation. ” Using a qualitative case study approach, we survey comparable nonsatellite operation domains (Industrial Control Automation and Software Testing) that have successfully integrated automation and other satellite operation enterprises (NASA Goddard, Naval Research Laboratory, European Ground Station National Institute for Space Research in Brazil) to identify common themes and best practices. From this insight, we recommend that future satellite operation ground stations encourage the use of layered architectures, abstract satellite operation processes, and integrate simulators in future systems as concrete implementations of this common operating platform. Further elaborating on the value of these recommendations, this thesis researches the benefits of process mining in satellite operations. This research is conducted on FalconSAT-3 and PropCube 1 and 3. The process mining analysis discovered that a highly structured Concept of Operations (CONOPS) is required in order to gain significant benefits from process mining.
Post-glacial colonization of Europe by the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus: evidence of a northern refugium and dispersal with humans

The wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus is an opportunistic rodent that is found throughout most of the European mainland. It is present on many islands around the margins of the continent and in northern Africa. The species has been the subject of previous phylogeographical studies, although these have focussed on the more southerly part of its range. A substantial number of new samples, many of them from the periphery of the species' range, contribute to an exceptional dataset comprising 981 mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. These new data provide sufficient resolution to transform our understanding of the survival of the species through the last glaciation and its subsequent re-colonization of the continent. The deepest genetic split that we found is in agreement with previous studies and runs from the Alps to central Ukraine, although we further distinguish two separate lineages in wood mice to the north and west of this line. It is likely that this part of Europe was colonized from two refugia, putatively located in the Iberian peninsula and the Dordogne or Carpathian region. The wood mouse therefore joins the growing number of species with extant populations that appear to have survived the Last Glacial Maximum in northern refugia, rather than solely in traditionally recognized refugial locations in the southern European peninsulas. Furthermore, the existence of a northern refugium for the species was predicted in a study of mitochondrial variation in a specific parasite of the wood mouse, demonstrating the potential value of data from parasites to phylogeographical studies. Lastly, the presence of related haplotypes in widely disparate locations, often on islands or separated by substantial bodies of water, demonstrates the propensity of the wood mouse for accidental human-mediated transport.
Having used self-control reduces emotion regulation—emotion regulation as relying on interchangeably used “self-control energy”

Four studies tested and confirmed the hypothesis that having used self-control reduces subsequent emotion regulation. Participants first completed a task that either did or did not require self-control (attention control, overriding one’s accustomed writing style, or breaking a habit). They later encountered situations designed to activate emotions that typically are downregulated. Participants either met someone new (anxiety), anticipated speaking publicly (anxiety), or recalled times when they felt sad or romantically jealous. Compared to participants who had not completed a self-control task, those who had used self-control task reported feeling of the target emotion to a greater extent. The results from a final study supported the idea that having used self-control reduces emotion regulation rather than increasing the strength of emotion generally.
Potential impact of Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, and Soper (Entomophthorales Entomophthoraceae) on the lepidopteran fauna inhabiting cork forests in Sardinia (Italy).

Periodic outbreaks of forest defoliators like the gypsy moth cause severe impact to the forest ecosystem, which is normally counterbalanced by the action of their natural enemies, including predators, parasitoids, and entomopathogens. Among the latter, the host-specific fungus Entomophaga maimaiga can be very effective under favourable conditions. Whilst its close evolutionary relationship with gypsy moth, this entomopathogen has never been detected in certain forest areas where L. dispar is a common pest. The results of three years laboratory assays with two different strains of E. maimaiga from Bulgaria and Croatia against Lepidopteran species inhabiting cork oak forests in Sardinia are reported. Significant toxicity and virulence against gypsy moth larvae exposed to soil contaminated with resting spores of the fungus was detected for both strains, even if the strain from Bulgaria was significantly more effective. Significant lethal effects were observed also on M. neustria larvae, but a successful development and reproduction of the fungus within insect cadavers was detected only in the gypsy moth. No significant effects were observed on other Lepidopteran species. Given a proper choice of candidate strains, the introduction of E. maimaiga in Sardinia, to manage the disruptive action of the gypsy moth would be desirable.
Cultural Perspectives and Thinking: The African American Thinker in the Classroom.

Educators who neglect to adapt teaching strategies to different cognitive styles may be placing some students at risk. A literature review suggests that elements of African American culture heavily influence African American students' communicative and cognitive styles. Research indicates that African American cultural values are organized around unique ontological, epistemological, and axiological assumptions. Five characteristics are essential features of African American communicative style: (1) assertiveness; (2) forthrightness; (3) ethical awareness; (4) interpersonal responsiveness; and (5) group identification. African Americans tend to display elements of a field-dependent cognitive style that emphasizes holistic perception, verbal tasks, and an interpersonal orientation or social cognitive skills. Understanding cultural and cognitive differences should be especially important to educators, for if the educational system is oriented around field-independent cognitive styles, those who utilize field-dependent cognitive styles are placed at a severe disadvantag . As a starting point for a planned ethnographic study of African American cognitive styles, this review validates the evidence that diverse cultures and cognitive styles are key elements in educational success. (An appendix comparing cognitive styles and comparing the form and function of symbolic imagery between disparate cognitive processes is attached. Contains 37 references. (RS) ******************************************A**************************** Reproductions si,pplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Simulation of two-phase flow with varying surface tension

This thesis is a study on the effects of varying surface tension along an interface separating two fluids. Varying surface tension leads to tangential forces along the interface. This is often called the Marangoni effect. These forces are discussed in detail, and two test cases are considered to analyse the Marangoni effect, and to verify the present implementation. The first test studies steady-state two-phase flow where the fluids are separated with plane interfaces and the flow is driven by a linear surface-tension gradient. The second case is an analysis of the initial forces on a two-dimensional droplet due to a linear surface-tension gradient. The tests indicate that the present implementation is capable of simulating two-phase flow with a given surface-tension gradient. The underlying model is a two-phase flow model for Newtonian fluids with constant viscosity and density. The two-phase model is based on the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a singular surface force, which together with the difference in fluid properties induces discontinuities across the interface. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a projection method, and a combination of the level-set method for capturing the interface and the ghost-fluid method (GFM) for handling the interface discontinuities. The thesis also discusses the effect of surfactants on an interface. The presence of surfactants reduces the local surface tension, and a non-uniform surfactant distribution results in varying surface tension and the Marangoni effect. A surfactant model is reviewed, where an equation of state couples the surface tension to the surfactant concentration and a transport equation is used to solve the surfactant mass-conservation.
Rickets in a high social class of Renaissance Italy: the Medici children

Exploration of the Medici Chapels in the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence revealed the burials of nine juvenile members of the Medici family (16th-17th centuries). The estimated children's skeletal ages ranged from newborns to 5-year-olds, showing a series of bone abnormalities, in particular diffuse periosteal new bone and bowing of long bones. The comparable pathological lesions, including porosity evident on the skull, orbital roofs, costocondral ribs and growth plates between metaphyses and epiphyses, enlargement of metaphyses and sternal rib ends, and long bone bending, are interpreted as the skeletal manifestation of rickets. The diagnosis of a metabolic disease linked to vitamin D deficiency would appear to be unexpected for children brought up at the court of a Renaissance elite class family like the Medici of Florence. Analysis of the historical and social background is particularly helpful to understand the causes of the onset of the disease in this aristocratic group. Documentary sources, supported by 13 C and 15 N bone collagen analysis, attest that weaning of these children took place when they were around 2years old. With a prolonged breast- feeding and a delay in introducing solid food in the diet, vitamin D deficiency is expected to rise considerably, in particular if the other main risk factor, namely inadequate sunlight exposition, is associated with this human milk-based diet. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Global Impact of Chinese Growth

Three decades have passed since China dramatically opened up to the global market and began to catch up rapidly with leading economies. In this paper we discuss the effects of China's opening-up and rapid growth on the welfare of both China and the rest of the world (ROW). We find that the opening-up per se is welfare improving for China but has had little impact on the ROW. The opening-up of China is beneficial to the ROW if it led to significant productivity growth in China. Furthermore, China's balanced trade policy after the opening-up has helped the ROW rather than China. Hence, according to a simple neoclassical model with complete markets, a gradual trade liberalization in China is prefereble to a drastic one from the ROW perspective.
Analysis of UV‐B irradiances measured simultaneously at two stations in the Czech Republic

The 10 min sums of erythemal UV-B irradiances measured during approximately 10 months at two locations with different altitudes were analyzed. The magnitude of the altitude effect averaged over the whole period varies between 4 and 8%/1000 m. The value of radiation amplification factor (RAF) derived from the relationship between UV-B irradiance and total ozone is about 1.1. The value of RAF is slightly higher if derived from the relationship between the ratio of UV-B to global solar irradiance and total ozone. A statistical model relating clear-sky UV-B irradiance with solar zenith angle, total ozone, and Julian day was developed. Unfortunately, knowledge of the daily average total column ozone does not adequately improve the forecast of UV-B irradiance.
Verticalists : an appraisal 25 years later

In 1988 Basil Moore published his bookHorizontalists and Verticalists: The Macroeconomics of Credit Money, which this year celebrates its 25th birthday. We discuss this book from today’s perspective, and in particular whether Moore’s main assertions have been validated or rejected by the development of central bank practice and academic monetary economics. We find that the book has impressively stood the test of time and, despite part of textbook economics still insisting on the money multiplier as an explanation for the money supply, it is not much of an exaggeration to say that we have all become ‘Horizontalists’ in the last 25 years.