Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological consequences of positive results in cervical cancer screening

Abstract This study was carried out to assess the psychological impact of abnormal cervical smear results. Existing literature contain only uncontrolled studies or controlled studies with non-standardised measures. Subjects were recruited from women attending two general practices for routine cervical smears over a six month period. A comparison was made between women with positive results who were referred for colposcopy, with mild abnormalities who were asked to return for a repeat smear in six months, or negative smear results. Psychometric assessment by postal questionnaire was carried out one week after receiving the result. The measures used were the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Spielberger State Anxiety (STAI), and a measure designed specifically for use in the study, the Cervical Screening Questionnaire (CSQ). Results indicated that women with positive smear test results who were referred for colposcopy had significantly higher scores on GHQ (p<.01) STAI-S (p<.05) and CSQ (p<. 001.
The Increased Susceptibility of Females to Eae

Rhonda R. Voskubl, MD, an Assistant Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, is Scientific Director of the UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Research and Treatment Program. Dr. Voskuhl received her B S from Phillips University, Enid, Oklahoma andMD from Vanderbilt Medical School, Nashville, Temnessee. She completed one year of internal medicine and three years ofneurology at the University ofTexas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas. During her residency years, she twice received the Texas Neurologic Society Annual Research Award. Her fellowship years included work as a clinical associate in the Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, NIH followed by work as a research associate in the Laboratory of Viral and Molecular Pathogenesis, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD. She then became a senior investigator in the Neuroinmunology Branch and received a Public Health Service Citation for Excellence in Research, NIH. Since joining the UCLA faculty in 1995, Dr. Voskubi has received grants from both the NIH and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, including the Harry Weaver Award from the NMSS. Dr. Voskuhl's laboratory is focused upon understanding the immunopathogenesis ofmultiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model for MS. One specific area of interest includes understanding how sex hormones influence the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Another area involves determining whether myelin protein gene expression in lymphoid tissues affects the tolerance ofmyelin protein specific T lymphocytes. Dr. Voskuhl has published approximately 30 peer reviewed journal articles and is an ad hoc reviewer for over ten journals including the Journal oflmmunology, the Journal of Neurozmmunology and the Annals ofNeurology. Dr. Voskuhl is a member ofnumerous professional associations including the AmericanAssociation ofImmunologists, the American Neurological Association and the AmericanAcademy ofNeurology She has also served on an NIH review committee.
Amorphization Induced by Focused Ion Beam Milling in Metallic and Electronic Materials

Abstract Focused ion beam (FIB) milling using high-energy gallium ions is widely used in the preparation of specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the energetic ion beam induces amorphization on the edge of specimens during milling, resulting in a mischievous influence on the clearness of high-quality transmission electron micrographs. In this work, the amorphization induced by the FIB milling was investigated by TEM for three kinds of materials, metallic materials in bulk shape, and semiconductive and electronic ceramic materials as a substrate for the deposition of thin films.
A fatty acid‐binding protein 7/RXRβ pathway enhances survival and proliferation in triple‐negative breast cancer

FABP7 has been implicated in tumour cell proliferation, cell migration, and poor prognosis in patients with high‐grade astrocytoma and melanoma. In this study, we examine FABP7 expression in a cohort of 176 primary breast cancers by gene profiling and tissue microarray immunostaining. We show that FABP7 is significantly up‐regulated in triple‐negative breast cancer. Elevated FABP7 levels are associated with poor prognosis, absence of oestrogen and progesterone hormone receptors (ER, PR) and HER2, increased cell proliferation, and high tumour grade. Depletion of FABP7 in the ER/PR‐negative cell line, MDA‐MB‐435S, significantly reduced cell growth rate and sensitized the cells to growth inhibition by omega‐3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A target of DHA‐bound FABP7 in the nucleus is RXRβ, a retinoid‐activated nuclear receptor that functions as a transcription factor by either homodimerizing or heterodimerizing with other nuclear receptors such as PPARs. Based on our microarray data, RXRβ, like FABP7, is an adverse prognostic factor for breast cancer. We propose that the DHA‐FABP7‐RXRβ pathway promotes cell survival/proliferation in triple‐negative breast cancer. Targeting this pathway may thus provide an alternate route for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of a native parasitic plant on an introduced and a native host species: implications for the control of an invasive weed.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS While invasive species may escape from natural enemies in the new range, the establishment of novel biotic interactions with species native to the invaded range can determine their success. Biological control of plant populations can be achieved by manipulation of a species' enemies in the invaded range. Interactions were therefore investigated between a native parasitic plant and an invasive legume in Mediterranean-type woodlands of South Australia. METHODS The effects of the native stem parasite, Cassytha pubescens, on the introduced host, Cytisus scoparius, and a co-occurring native host, Leptospermum myrsinoides, were compared. The hypothesis that the parasitic plant would have a greater impact on the introduced host than the native host was tested. In a field study, photosynthesis, growth and survival of hosts and parasite were examined. KEY RESULTS As predicted, Cassytha had greater impacts on the introduced host than the native host. Dead Cytisus were associated with dense Cassytha infections but mortality of Leptospermum was not correlated with parasite infection. Cassytha infection reduced the photosynthetic rates of both hosts. Infected Cytisus showed slower recovery of photosystem II efficiency, lower transpiration rates and reduced photosynthetic biomass in comparison with uninfected plants. Parasite photosynthetic rates and growth rates were higher when growing on the introduced host Cytisus, than on Leptospermum. CONCLUSIONS Infection by a native parasitic plant had strong negative effects on the physiology and above-ground biomass allocation of an introduced species and was correlated with increased plant mortality. The greater impact of the parasite on the introduced host may be due to either the greater resources that this host provides or increased resistance to infection by the native host. This disparity of effects between introduced host and native host indicates the potential for Cassytha to be exploited as a control tool.
Genetic relationships and variation in reproductive strategies in four closely related bromeliads adapted to neotropical 'inselbergs': Alcantarea glaziouana, A. regina, A. geniculata and A. imperialis (Bromeliaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) adapted to rock outcrops or 'inselbergs' in neotropical rain forests have been identified as suitable plant models for studying population divergence and speciation during continental plant radiations. Little is known about genetic relationships and variation in reproductive strategies within and among inselberg-adapted species, yet knowledge of these parameters is important for understanding divergence processes and for conservation planning. METHODS Nuclear microsatellites were used to assess the role of clonal reproduction, estimate genetic diversity and explore genetic relationships and variation in reproductive strategies for a total of 15 populations of four closely related Alcantarea inselberg species in south-eastern Brazil: A. glaziouana, A. regina, A. geniculata and A. imperialis. KEY RESULTS Clonal propagation is frequent in coastal populations of A. glaziouana and A. regina, but absent in the high-altitude species A. geniculata and A. imperialis. Considerable variation in clonal diversity, gene diversity (H(e)), allelic richness, and Wright's inbreeding coefficient (F(IS)) exists within and between species of Alcantarea. A Bayesian analysis of coastal inselberg species indicated pronounced genetic structure. A neighbor-joining analysis grouped populations of each species together with moderate bootstrap support, except for the high altitude species A. imperialis. CONCLUSIONS The coastal inselberg species A. glaziouana and A. regina tend to propagate asexually via vegetative clonal growth, and both reproductive strategies and breeding systems vary greatly between populations and species of Alcantarea. The microsatellite data indicate a history of hybridization and reticulation involving the high-altitude species A. geniculata and A. imperialis in areas of co-occurrence. The results highlight the need to understand similarities and differences in reproductive strategies both within and between related species for conservation planning and as a basis for understanding evolutionary processes in tropical radiations.
An α‐E‐catenin (CTNNA1) mutation in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer

Diffuse gastric cancers typically present as late‐stage tumours and, as a result, the 5 year survival rate is poor. Some gastric cancers are hereditary and these tend to be of the diffuse type; 30–40% of hereditary diffuse gastric cancers (HDGCs) can be explained by defective germline alleles of E‐cadherin (CDH1), but for the remaining families the factors driving susceptibility remain unknown. We had access to a large HDGC pedigree with no obvious mutation in CDH1, and applied exome sequencing to identify new genes involved in gastric cancer. We identified a germline truncating allele of α‐E‐catenin (CTNNA1) that was present in two family members with invasive diffuse gastric cancer and four in which intramucosal signet ring cells were detected as part of endoscopic surveillance. The remaining CTNNA1 allele was silenced in the two diffuse gastric cancers from the family that were available for screening, and this was also true for signet ring cells identified in endoscopic biopsies. Since α‐E‐catenin functions in the same complex as E‐cadherin, our results call attention to the broader signalling network surrounding these proteins in HDGC. We also detected somatic mutations in one tumour and found substantial overlap with genes mutated in sporadic gastric cancer, including PIK3CA, ARID1A, MED12 and MED23.
Bioresorbable Screw Fixation in Proximal Metatarsal Osteotomies for Hallux Valgus

Surgical correction of a moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity typically includes a proximal metatarsal osteotomy with a bunionectomy and distal soft-tissue procedure. Although stainless steel screws are commonly used to stabilize the osteotomy, soft-tissue irritation and device prominence can be problematic due to the limited soft-tissue envelope. Use of bioresorbable implants in orthopaedic surgery has become increasingly popular, allowing for ease of radiographic evaluation of bone healing and obviating the potential for soft-tissue irritation and need for device removal. The technique presented herein demonstrates the specific technical steps for a bunionectomy with distal soft-tissue procedure and a proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy using a bioresorbable screw.
Thickness Variations and Absence of Lateral Compositional Fluctuations in Aberration-Corrected STEM Images of InGaN LED Active Regions at Low Dose

Abstract Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy images of the In0.15Ga0. 85N active region of a blue light-emitting diode, acquired at ~0.1% of the electron dose known to cause electron beam damage, show no lateral compositional fluctuations, but do exhibit one to four atomic plane steps in the active layer’s upper boundary. The area imaged was measured to be 2.9 nm thick using position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction, ensuring the sample was thin enough to capture compositional variation if it was present. A focused ion beam prepared sample with a very large thin area provides the possibility to directly observe large fluctuations in the active layer thickness that constrict the active layer at an average lateral length scale of 430 nm.
Relative bioavailability of prasugrel free base in comparison to prasugrel hydrochloride in the presence and in the absence of a proton pump inhibitor

Abstract Prasugrel (CAS 150322-43-3), an inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation, is indicated to reduce the rate of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. If a proton pump inhibitor is co-administered with prasugrel, a pH dependent salt-to-base conversion rate of prasugrel could become clinically meaningful. In an open-label, randomized, four-period, 2 × two-way crossover study, the relative bioavailability of tablets containing prasugrel free base compared to prasugrel hydrochloride (originator product) both in the presence and in the absence of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole (CAS 103577-45-3) was investigated. In the absence of lansoprazole, the extent of absorption (AUC) of prasugrel free base was about 8–9 % lower, while the rate of absorption (Cmax) after administration of prasugrel free base was 20 % lower when compared to prasugrel hydrochloride. When lansoprazole was used to raise the pH level in the upper gastro-intestinal tract, AUC was decreased by 25 % after administration of prasugrel hydrochloride and by 41 % after prasugrel free base. In addition, the peak plasma levels were decreased by 52 % and 72 %, respectively (geometric means). The relative bioavailability of the prasugrel free base compared to prasugrel hydrochloride, both in the presence and in the absence of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole, differs so much that most probably a generic formulation containing prasugrel free base will not be equivalent in all aspects to the originator product.
Gene expression profiling of serrated polyps identifies annexin A10 as a marker of a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp

Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) are precursors of colon cancer, particularly those that exhibit microsatellite instability. Distinguishing SSA/Ps from the related, but innocuous, microvesicular hyperplastic polyp (MVHP) can be challenging. In this study seven gastrointestinal pathologists reviewed 109 serrated polyps and identified 60 polyps with histological consensus. Microarray analysis was performed on six distal consensus MVHPs < 9 mm, six proximal consensus SSA/Ps > 9 mm, and six normal colon biopsies (three proximal, three distal). Comparative gene expression analysis confirmed the close relationship between SSA/Ps and MVHPs as there was overlapping expression of many genes. However, the gene expression profile in SSA/Ps had stronger and more numerous associations with cancer‐related genes compared with MVHPs. Three genes (TFF2, FABP6, and ANXA10) were identified as candidates whose expression can differentiate SSA/Ps from MVHPs, and the differences in expression were confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. As ANXA10 showed the most promise in differentiating these polyps, the expression of ANXA10 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in consensus SSA/Ps (n = 26), MVHPs (n = 21), and normal colon (n = 9). Immunohistochemical expression of ANXA10 was not identified in separate samples of normal colon or in the normal colonic epithelium adjacent to the serrated polyps. Consistent with the microarray and quantitative RT‐PCR experiments, immunohistochemical expression of ANXA10 was markedly increased in SSA/Ps compared to MVHPs (p < 0.0001). An ANXA10 score ≥ 3 has a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 95% in the diagnosis of an SSA/P. In conclusion, we show that SSA/Ps and MVHPs have significant overlap in gene expression, but also important differences, particularly in cancer‐related pathways. Expression of ANXA10 may be a potential marker of the serrated pathway to colon cancer. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative physiology of elemental distributions in plants.

BACKGROUND Plants contain relatively few cell types, each contributing a specialized role in shaping plant function. With respect to plant nutrition, different cell types accumulate certain elements in varying amounts within their storage vacuole. The role and mechanisms underlying cell-specific distribution of elements in plants is poorly understood. SCOPE The phenomenon of cell-specific elemental accumulation has been briefly reviewed previously, but recent technological advances with the potential to probe mechanisms underlying elemental compartmentation have warranted an updated evaluation. We have taken this opportunity to catalogue many of the studies, and techniques used for, recording cell-specific compartmentation of particular elements. More importantly, we use three case-study elements (Ca, Cd and Na) to highlight the basis of such phenomena in terms of their physiological implications and underpinning mechanisms; we also link such distributions to the expression of known ion or solute transporters. CONCLUSIONS Element accumulation patterns are clearly defined by expression of key ion or solute transporters. Although the location of element accumulation is fairly robust, alterations in expression of certain solute transporters, through genetic modifications or by growth under stress, result in perturbations to these patterns. However, redundancy or induced pleiotropic expression effects may complicate attempts to characterize the pathways that lead to cell-specific elemental distribution. Accumulation of one element often has consequences on the accumulation of others, which seems to be driven largely to maintain vacuolar and cytoplasmic osmolarity and charge balance, and also serves as a detoxification mechanism. Altered cell-specific transcriptomics can be shown, in part, to explain some of this compensation.
Identification and characterization of the water gap in physically dormant seeds of Geraniaceae, with special reference to Geranium carolinianum.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical dormancy in seeds of species of Geraniaceae is caused by a water-impermeable palisade layer in the outer integument of the seed coat and a closed chalaza. The chalazal cleft has been reported to be the water gap (i.e. location of initial water entry) in innately permeable seeds of Geraniaceae. The primary aim of this study was to re-evaluate the location of the water gap and to characterize its morphology and anatomy in physically dormant seeds of Geraniaceae, with particular reference to G. carolinianum. METHODS Length, width, mass, anatomy and germination of two seed types (light brown and dark brown) of G. carolinianum were compared. Location, anatomy and morphology of the water gap were characterized using free-hand and microtome tissue sectioning, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dye tracking, blocking and seed-burial experiments. KEY RESULTS Treatment with dry heat caused a colour change in the palisade cells adjacent to the micropyle. When placed in water, the 'hinged valve' (blister) erupted at the site of the colour change, exposing the water gap. The morphology and anatomy in the water-gap region differs from those of the rest of the seed coat. the morphology of the seed coat of the water-gap region is similar in G. carolinianum, G. columbinum, G. molle and G. pusillum and differs from that of the closely related species Erodium cicutarium. CONCLUSIONS Dislodgment of swollen 'hinged valve' palisade cells adjacent to the micropyle caused the water gap to open in physically dormant seeds of G. carolinianum, and it was clear that initial water uptake takes place through this gap and not via the chalazal opening as previously reported. This water gap ('hinged valve gap') differs from water gaps previously described for other families in morphology, anatomy and location in the seed coat.
Confirmation of the Diagnosis of Natural Rubber Latex Allergy by the Basotest® Method

Background: The flow cytometry CD63-based basophil activation test (Basotest®) has already been validated for the diagnosis of immediate-type allergy such as venom, house dust mite or cypress pollen allergies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance (specificity and sensitivity) of Basotest in the diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy. Methods: We included 46 latex allergic patients (clinical symptoms of latex allergy, positive latex skin prick tests and/or latex specific IgE) and 33 control subjects and performed Basotest on all subjects. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of Basotest were 84.8 and 87.9%, respectively, when we considered the theoretic cut-off at 15% of CD63-positive cells. Using ROC curves, the optimal cut-off was evaluated at 22%, for which sensitivity and specificity were 79.3 and 96.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The Basotest is a reliable test in addition to clinical history and tests already validated (such as skin prick tests and specific IgE) to confirm the diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy.
Effects of light on direct and indirect defences against herbivores of young plants of Mallotus japonicus demonstrate a trade-off between two indirect defence traits.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although most studies on plant defence strategies have focused on a particular defence trait, some plant species develop multiple defence traits. To clarify the effects of light on the development of multiple defence traits, the production of direct and indirect defence traits of young plants of Mallotus japonicus were examined experimentally under different light conditions. METHODS The young plants were cultivated under three light conditions in the experimental field for 3 months from May to July. Numbers of ants and pearl bodies on leaves in July were examined. After cultivation, the plants were collected and the developments of trichomes and pellucid dots, and extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on the leaves were examined. On plants without nectar-collecting insects, the size of EFNs and the volume of extrafloral nectar secreted from the EFNs were examined. KEY RESULTS Densities of trichomes and pellucid dots did not differ significantly among the plants under the different light conditions, suggesting that the chemical and physical defences function under both high and low light availability. The number of EFNs on the leaves did not differ significantly among the plants under the different light conditions, but there appeared to be a trade-off between the size of EFNs and the number of pearl bodies; the largest EFNs and the smallest number of pearl bodies were found under high light availability. EFN size was significantly correlated with the volume of extrafloral nectar secreted for 24 h. The number of ants on the plants was smaller under low light availability than under high and moderate light availability. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that direct defence traits function regardless of light conditions, but light conditions affected the development of indirect defence traits.