Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moment bounds and mean squared prediction errors of long-memory time series

A moment bound for the normalized conditional-sum-of-squares (CSS) estimate of a general autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model with an arbitrary unknown memory parameter is derived in this paper. To achieve this goal, a uniform moment bound for the inverse of the normalized objective function is established. An important application of these results is to establish asymptotic expressions for the one-step and multi-step mean squared prediction errors (MSPE) of the CSS predictor. These asymptotic expressions not only explicitly demonstrate how the multi-step MSPE of the CSS predictor manifests with the model complexity and the dependent structure, but also offer means to compare the performance of the CSS predictor with the least squares (LS) predictor for integrated autoregressive models. It turns out that the CSS predictor can gain substantial advantage over the LS predictor when the integration order is high. Numerical findings are also conducted to illustrate the theoretical results.
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a suitable host for Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) in Norway

Gyrodactylus specimens infecting both anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from River Signaldalselva (northern Norway) and resident Arctic charr from Lake Pålsbufjorden (southern Norway) were identified as G. salaris using molecular markers and morphometrics. The infection in Pålsbufjorden represents the first record of a viable G. salaris population infecting a host in the wild in the absence of salmon (Salmo salar). G. salaris on charr from Signaldalselva and Pålsbufjorden bear different mitochondrial haplotypes. While parasites infecting charr in Signaldalselva carry the same mitochondrial haplotype as parasites from sympatric Atlantic salmon, G. salaris from charr in Pålsbufjorden bear a haplotype that has previously been found in parasites infecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon, and an IGS repeat arrangement that is very similar to those observed earlier in parasites infecting rainbow trout. Accordingly, the infection may result from 2 subsequent host-switches (from salmon via rainbow trout to charr). Morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between G. salaris infecting charr in the 2 localities, and between those on sympatric charr and salmon within Signaldalselva. These differences may reflect adaptations to a new host species, different environmental conditions, and/or inherited differences between the G. salaris strains. The discovery of G. salaris on populations of both anadromous and resident charr may have severe implications for Atlantic salmon stock-management as charr may represent a reservoir for infection of salmon.
Personality Type in Occupational Therapy Students: Implications for Teaching and Learning Strategies

SUMMARY In this descriptive study, 130 occupational therapy students completed a widely-used personality inventory (the MBTI-M) as part of coursework in their first semester. The majority of students evinced a preference for seven out of the 16 possible personality types; one type was not selected by anyone. These findings closely resembled data from the 1970s on practicing occupational therapists. Common characteristics, such as a high premium on personal connectedness and a dependable working environment, have important implications for faculty. Implications for findings relate to adjusting instructional delivery methods to best match type and learning preferences for this population.
The striate projection zone in the superior temporal sulcus of Macaca mulatta: Location and topographic organization

In the rhesus monkey, the caudal portion of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) receives a direct projection from lateral striate cortex, the striate area representing central vision. The present study was undertaken to determine whether STS also receives a direct projection from areas of striate cortex representing peripheral vision, with the intent of defining the entire striate projection zone in STS as well as providing information regarding a possible topographic organization within this secondary visual area. A series of five rhesus monkeys was prepared with unilateral lesions of lateral, posterior, or medial striate cortex, such that, collectively, the lesions in the series included all of striate cortex with little or no invasion of prestriate cortex. The monkeys were sacrificed seven days after surgery and their brains were processed by the Fink‐Heimer procedure. An analysis of the distribution of terminal degeneration within STS indicated: (1) All areas of striate cortex project to a restricted region along the caudal portion of STS. The ventral limit of this region can be demarcated by an imaginary line connecting the ventral tips of the lunate and intraparietal sulci; from this limit the region extends dorsocaudally for approximately 12 mm to the point at which STS frequently bifurcates, sending one spur forward into the inferior parietal lobule. (2) Within this portion of STS there is an orderly mapping of the visual field; progression from central vision to the far periphery is represented by a progression down the posterior bank of STS and continuing along the entire floor, or insula‐like portion, of the sulcus. (3) Projections from striate cortex to STS terminate predominantly in layer IV and the deep part of layer III. (4) There is a distinctive pattern of myelination contained within the striate projection zone of STS. These anatomical findings concerning the striate projection zone of STS. in the rhesus monkey are remarkably similar to those that have been described for the middle temporal visual area (MT) in New World monkeys, and thus support earlier proposals that the two areas are homologous.
Voltage-gated currents in muscle cells of Schistosoma mansoni

SUMMARY Three morphologically distinct types of muscle fibres isolated from the platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni have been studied with whole cell current- and voltage-clamp techniques. Fibres showed a marked time-dependent decrease in membrane resistance in response to depolarizing current injections. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed the presence of two distinct voltage-gated outward currents. The most prominent current is a slowly activating, slowly and incompletely inactivating potassium current similar to delayed rectifier currents which have been described in a variety of cell types from a variety of organisms. Also present is a faster activating, quickly and completely inactivating potassium current that shares functional characteristics with ‘A’-currents. All three of the cell types studied possess a delayed rectifier current, but only two of the three types have ‘A’-currents. Though depolarization with high K+ leads to contraction of the dispersed fibres, no voltage-gated inward currents could be detected by whole cell voltage-clamp under any of our conditions.
Intraslab rupture triggering megathrust rupture coseismically in the 17 December 2016 Solomon Islands Mw 7.9 earthquake

The 17 December 2016 Solomon Islands earthquake (Mw 7.9) initiated ~103 km deep in the subducting Solomon Sea slab near the junction of the Solomon Islands and New Britain trenches. Most aftershocks are located near the Solomon Islands plate boundary megathrust west of Bougainville, where previous large interplate thrust faulting earthquakes occurred in 1995 (Mw 7.7) and 1971 (Mw 8.0). Teleseismic body wave modeling and aftershock relocations indicate that the initial 30 s of the 2016 rupture occurred over depths of 90 to 120 km on an intraslab fault dipping ~30° to the southwest, almost perpendicular to the dipping slab interface. The next 50 s of rupture took place at depths of 32 to 47 km in the deeper (Domain C) portion of the overlying megathrust fault dipping ~35° to the northeast. High susceptibility to triggering in the region accounts for this compound rupture of two separate fault planes.
Liposomal formulation of chondroitin sulfate enhances its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in L929 fibroblast cell line

Abstract Liposomes have the capacity to be used as efficient, biodegradable and nontoxic carriers of bioactive molecules and are able to better control their delivery at the site of interest. The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize an appropriate liposomal formulation of the bioactive molecule chondroitin sulfate (CS) for its use in the local treatment of inflammatory and degenerative disorders, specifically osteoarthritis (OA). Empty liposomes (L) and CS-entrapping liposomes (L-CS) were prepared by thin film hydration method followed by sonication and extrusion. They were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index and ζ-potential by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and morphology by transmission electron microscopy. The effect of L-CS formulation on viability and morphology of mouse fibroblast cells and its biologic activity in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated cells were compared to those of L, non-encapsulated CS and a mixture of L and CS (L + CS). Our results demonstrated a high biocompatibility of L-CS and a more efficient cell protection against oxidative damage using L-CS treatment than CS or L + CS treatment. Also, L-CS exhibited a higher anti-inflammatory activity than CS in stimulated cells by reducing the level of IL-8 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines. The overall results suggest that the delivery of CS in liposomal formulation could improve its therapeutic potential in intra-articular treatment of OA.
Schistosomiasis. Infection versus disease and hypersensitivity versus immunity.

Schistosomiasis is one of the major infectious diseases affecting developing countries. Infection is contracted by exposure to fresh water containing helminth cercariae shed by infected snails. Cercariae penetrate the skin, migrate intravascularly to the liver, and later lay eggs in the mesenteric (Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum) or urogenital (Schistosoma haematobium) venules. About 200 million persons are infected with schistosomes but probably <5% of these have clinically important schistosomal disease. Thus, it is vital to distinguish infected persons from individuals who actually have the disease. Estimation of the intensity of infection is also key. The number of worms (worm burden) carried by each infected individual is relatively constant, because schistosomes do not multiply in the vertebrate host. Infection intensity may be increased by repeated exposure or decreased through attrition of senescent worms, through host immunity, or after chemotherapy. The intensity of infection in different individuals is extremely variable and those heavily infected are most likely to develop disease,1-3 and heavy infection may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for the development of pipestem fibrosis.1 Unfortunately, lightly infected mice cannot be studied since 1 pair of worms in an animal this size constitutes an infection more intense than that in almost all infected persons.2 However, immune responses are also important determinants of disease. Schistosomal Disease and Pipestem Fibrosis
A Glycine Site Associated with N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartic Acid Receptors: Characterization and Identification of a New Class of Antagonists

Abstract Membranes from rat telencephalon contain a single class of strychnine‐insensitive glycine sites. That these sites are associated with N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors is indicated by the observations that [3H]glycine binding is selectively modulated by NMDA receptor ligands and, conversely, that several amino acids interacting with the glycine sites increase [3H]N‐[1‐(2‐thienyl)cyclohexyl]piper‐idine ([3H]TCP) binding to the phencyclidine site of the NMDA receptor. The endogenous compound kynurenate and several related quinoline and quinoxaline derivatives inhibit glycine binding with affinities that are much higher than their affinities for glutamate binding sites. In contrast to glycine, kynurenate‐type compounds inhibit [3H]TCP binding and thus are suggested to form a novel class of antagonists of the NMDA receptor acting through the glycine site. These results suggest the existence of a dual and opposite modulation of NMDA receptors by endogenous ligands.
The electronic structure of conjugated systems I. General theory

This paper develops the general theory of conjugated systems by the method of molecular orbitals. The electron densities and bond orders appear as first-order derivatives of the energy of the mobile electrons with respect to the energy integrals in the secular equations; and various other relations are established which confirm the appropriateness of the definitions. A set of new quantities are introduced and discussed for the first time, namely, the mutual polarizability of two atoms or two bonds or an atom and a bond, and it is shown that they are important in determining the effect of structural changes on chemical reactivity, and also in calculating force constants and interaction terms for the vibration of bonds. Formulae are derived for the calculation of the total energy, electron densities, bond orders and mutual polarizabilities, and the relation of these quantities to other physical and chemical properties is briefly discussed.
Context Specificity of Automatic Influences of Memory

It has often been shown that intentional recollection is influenced by context manipulations, such as context reinstatement (e.g., Smith, 2013; Smith & Vela, 2001), but whether or not automatic retrieval (e.g., Jacoby, 1991) is likewise context dependent remains an open question. Here, we present two experiments that examined effects of context manipulations on indirect measures of memory. The first experiment tested anagram completion, and the second experiment used word fragment completion to test effects of context reinstatement; both experiments found reinstatement effects. To address potential problems of explicit contamination, we also asked participants if they were aware of the priming manipulations. Separating participants according to their test awareness showed effects of context manipulations for both aware and unaware participants. A greater effect size was found for aware participants only in Experiment 1, in which participants had enough time on each test trial for recollection to be used. We conclude that context reinstatement does affect automatic retrieval.
Responses of broiler chickens to dietary protein: Effects of early life protein nutrition on later responses

1. A study was conducted with modern broiler chicks to test the effects of early life protein nutrition and sex on responses in growth and body composition to dietary protein at a later age. Effects on the incidence of metabolic disorders were also evaluated. 2. From 11 to 26 d of age (EXP1), birds were given 8 diets varying in balanced protein to energy ratio (BPE ratio) between 0·575 and 1·100 g digestible lysine per MJ AMEn. Birds from two treatment groups in EXP1 (BPE ratio of 0·725 and 1·025 g/MJ, respectively) were subsequently used in a test from 26 to 41 d of age (EXP2). In EXP2, 8 diets were used, varying in BPE ratio between 0·500 and 1·025 g/MJ. 3. Responses in weight gain and feed conversion to BPE ratio in EXP2 changed considerably when BPE ratio in EXP1 was modified, irrespective of sex. Up to 10% improvement in both weight gain and feed conversion in EXP2 was observed if BPE ratio in EXP1 was 0·725 compared with 1·025 g/MJ. With males, however, the effect of treatment in EXP1 on weight gain in EXP2 was present only at high BPE ratios. 4. For the relative gain of breast meat and abdominal fat, but not for carcase, the responses of male broilers to BPE ratio in EXP2 were altered by the BPE ratio in EXP1. With females, responses in composition of the gain to diet in EXP2 were independent of BPE ratio in EXP1. 5. The incidence of metabolic disorders was low, irrespective of treatment in EXP1. The lower BPE ratio in EXP1 increased mortality in EXP2 from 0·8 to 3·6%. 6. Our findings show that broiler responses to dietary protein depend on previous protein nutrition and sex. Effects of early life protein nutrition on incidence of metabolic disorders were not observed. The results strongly suggest that protein levels in grower and finisher diets should not be optimised independently, but simultaneously.
Cytological findings of appendiceal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma in pleural effusion: Morphological changes evident after metastasis

Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) of the appendix is now regarded as a malignant tumor, and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) is a carcinoma progressing from GCC. We describe a man initially diagnosed with GCC of the appendix who died 4 years after diagnosis. Pleural fluid due to metastasis was noted in the terminal phase. Histological findings of the initial tumor indicated that cells with signet‐ring morphology were predominant, but the cytological morphology of the fluid was more atypical, making it difficult to diagnose as metastatic GCC by cellular morphology alone. The cells in the pleural fluid were immunopositive for synaptophysin, which was compatible with GCC, but p53 and ki67 staining indicated that the metastatic tumor was more aggressive. These findings suggested a final diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma‐type MANEC, which we define as a tumor with typical GCC characteristics and foci that cannot be distinguished from a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. This case, which we believe is reported here for the first time, indicates the cytological features of GCC cells may change at metastatic sites to be more atypical and aggressive as the tumor progresses, and these changes should be considered in diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:577–580. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[Myoeletric activity pattern of scapular muscles after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast cancer].

PURPOSE to identify the pattern of myoelectrical activity of muscles from the scapular region, after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast cancer. METHODS prospective cohort study including all the women submitted to axillary lymphadenectomy for surgical treatment of breast cancer, in a breast cancer reference center, from June to August 2006. The women were evaluated before, and after 3 and 12 months from the surgery, through physical and electromyographic examinations of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscles. RESULTS the patients' average age was 60.3 years old (DP+/-14.1), and the incidence of winged scapula at the physical examination was 64.9%. At the third-months evaluation, a reduction of 28.3 microV was observed in the myoelectrical activity of the serratus anterior muscle. At the twelveth-months evaluation and between the 3rd and the 12th month, there was an increment of 23.3 microV and 43.6 microV, respectively. For the upper trapezius, the increase was of 23.1 microV at the third-months evaluation, and 23.3 microV and 43.6 microV between the 3rd and the 12th months. As compared to before the surgery, the evaluation of the middle deltoid muscle did no present significant differences. CONCLUSIONS considering muscle activity evaluated by surface electromyography, there was a decrease in the myoelectrical activity of the serratus anterior, due to lesion of the long thoracic nerve (neuropraxia), in the immediate postoperative evaluation. The increase of the mean square root of the electromyographic signal of the upper trapezius muscle, since the preoperative evaluation, suggests a muscular compensation related to the serratus anterior muscle's deficit.
Effects of High-Frequency, Low-Magnitude Mechanical Stimulus on Bone Healing

Recent studies have shown osteogenic effects of high-frequency mechanical stimuli. The purpose of this study was whether externally applied, high-frequency, low-magnitude interfragmentary movements affect the process of bone healing. In 12 sheep, a transverse osteotomy with a 3-mm gap was created in the right metatarsus and externally stabilized by a rigid circular fixator. External stimulation was performed in six sheep with the use of ground-based vibration. The sheep were standing with their hind limbs on a platform that produced vertical movements resulting in interfragmentary movements of approximately 0.02 mm magnitude at 20 Hz frequency. The other six sheep remained rigidly stabilized by external fixation during the 8-week study and served as a control group. Healing was assessed postmortem by densitometric and mechanical examinations. No significant differences were found between the two groups, although callus formation was slightly enhanced (11%) in the stimulated group compared with the control group. Mechanical stimuli attributable to weightbearing in the control group were sufficient enough to initiate callus formation even under rigid, external fixation. Thus, external mechanical stimulation with the stimulation design described in the current study might not be indicated for improvement of bone healing.
Application of ''Protocollo di Minima per l'ictus'' (PMIC- Minimal Protocol for Stroke) for inpatient rehabilitation setting.

AIM The aim of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics of a sample of stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation settings with the use of a standardised stroke assessment named ''Protocollo di Minima per l'ictus cerebrale'' (PMIC), to verify the usefulness of the application of PMIC and to compare the data of the authors with the international literature. METHODS An observational cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 102 first-time stroke patients (mean age: 71.9 [+/-11.6], 54 men), in three inpatient rehabilitation centres. MEASUREMENT PMIC. RESULTS Most patients were enrolled within 14 days of stroke onset. PMIC assessment took on average 20 minutes and provided the following information: 35% had architectural barriers in their homes; 82% of the cases had 1 or more family assistants; the educational level was low for 53%; 72% were retired; most cases were ischemic stroke without any side predominance being shown; 44% had partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI) ischemic stroke; 18.6% presented dysphagia; 73% had sphincteral incontinence; there was no hypertone in more than 50% of the cases; 87% required assistance; the median Motricity Index Side Score (Miss) value was 44.1; 38% was affected by mood tone alteration. CONCLUSION PMIC appeared to be a useful tool for a standardized evaluation of stroke patients. These results provide data with a high correspondence in international reports.
Microsurgical Reconstruction of Extensive Scalp Defects

Large, full-thickness scalp defects represent a reconstructive challenge that has benefitted greatly from the introduction of microsurgical techniques. The authors review their experience with 16 patients with acquired defects of the scalp for which local or regional reconstructive options were unavailable. The mean age at the time of operation was 44.8 years. Nine patients underwent resection of malignant scalp lesions, followed immediately by free-flap coverage. Six patients required revision procedures for unstable scar as a result of prior trauma (2), old scalp avulsions (2), and multiple intracranial procedures (2). The remaining patient underwent replantation of an acutely avulsed scalp. The free-flap donor sites utilized included latissimus (6), scapular (3), radial forearm (2), rectus abdomnis (2), and omentum (2). Vein grafts were required in four cases. All flaps survived, although one required anastomotic revision and skin grafting for superficial loss. Additional complications were limited to seromas at two latissimus donor sites. Tumor control rates were poor, with all malignancy-associated defects having persistent disease or recurring soon after surgery. All patients eventually achieved full defect coverage. The authors conclude that microsurgical reconstruction is a reliable option for providing stable coverage of large, complex, scalp defects.