Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the RUSLE model and developing an empirical equation for estimating soil erodibility factor in a semi-arid region

Soil erodibility is one of six factors in the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) that reflects the ease with which the soil is detached by splash during rainfall and/or by surface flow. This study was therefore carried out to assess applicability of the RUSLE model in estimating erodibility factor ( K ) and develop an appropriate equation to predict this factor in soils of the semi-arid region in Iran. Thirty six dry-farming lands were considered in a 900 km 2 agricultural zone in Hashtroud, northwest of the country. Soil loss was measured at 108 unit plots under natural rainfall events for a 2-year period from March 2005 to March 2007. The K -factor was estimated using the mean geometric diameter of soil particles ( D g ) and measured based on the mean annual soil loss per unit rainfall-runoff erosivity factor ( R ). Based on the results, the estimated K values varied from 0.0316 and 0.0485 t h MJ –1 mm –1 and the measured K values were ranged from 0.0014 to 0.0050 t h MJ –1 mm –1 . The measured K values were almost 14 fold smaller than the estimated values on average. There was no considerable correlation between the measured K -factor and Dg ( R 2 = 0.05). Multi-regression analysis showed that the measured K -factor was significantly related to the aggregate stability and permeability ( R 2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). Although D g was positively correlated with the soil permeability ( R 2 = 0.42), it did not strongly affect the measured K-factor ( R 2 = 0.05) because of its negative effect on aggregate stability ( R 2 = 0.64)
THE LINEAR SYSTEMS APPROACH TO LINEAR RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS MODELS

This paper considers linear rational expectations models from the linear systems point of view. Using a generalization of the Wiener-Hopf factorization, the linear systems approach is able to furnish very simple conditions for existence and uniqueness of both particular and generic linear rational expectations models. To illustrate the applicability of this approach, the paper characterizes the structure of stationary and cointegrated solutions, including a generalization of Granger’s representation theorem.
Characterizing Rural Landscapes and Communities through Integrated Information: An Application to Yemen

Rural development planning in Yemen suffers from a lack of integrated analysis and monitoring to combine natural resource and land use indicators with socioeconomic data. This paper takes a first step in this direction by undertaking an integrated assessment of the constraints and opportunities for agricultural development in rural areas. The analysis includes an assessment of the biophysical environment in a selected study site; a description of rural livelihoods based on household data; and an assessment of rural institutions. Taken together, the findings yield a coherent assessment that water scarcity is the main constraint facing rural development in Yemen’s rain-fed highlands; that this key constraint is further exacerbated by changes in the social structure and livelihood strategies of households such as seasonal male migration; however, lastly, we find that rural institutions offer a strong mechanism for participatory development that could support natural resource management and rural development.
r.LHE PERSISTENCE OF THE RECITATION: A REVIEW OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF TEACHER QUESTIONING

DOCUMENT RESUME 24 TE 001 676 HOETKER, JAMES; AHLBFAND, WILLIAM P., JR; r.LHE PERSISTENCE OF THE RECITATION: A REVIEW OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF TEACHER QUESTIONING BEHAVIOR. OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES, NUMBER 3. CENTRAL MIDWESTERN REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL LAB. , ANN, MG. OFFICE OF EDUCATION (DHEW) , WASHINGTON, D. C0 OF RESEARCH. , BR-6-2875 68 OEC-3-7062875-3056 29P. ST. BUREAU EDRS PRICE MF-$0025 HC-$1.55 *CLASSROCM COMMUNICATION, CLASSRCOM CBSERVATION TECHNIQUES, DISCUSSION (TEACHING TECHNIQUE), *EDUCATIONAL HISTORY, *QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES,, STUDENT TEACHER RELATIONSHIP, TEACHER ATTITUDES, *TEACHER BEHAVIOR, TEACHER EDUCATION, TEACHER EVALUATION, TEACHER ROLE, TEACHING METHODS, TEACHING SKILLS, TEACHING STYLES, VERBAL COMMUNICATION . THIS REPORT PRESENTS A CHRCNOLCGICAL REVIEW (1893 TO 1963) OF FORMAL AND INIORMAI CLASSROOM OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES WHICH, IN EXAMINING THE USE OF RECITATION AS A PEDAGOGICAL METHOD, SHOW THAT TEACHERS TALK DURING THE MAJORITY CF CLASSROOM TIME, ASKING OR REACTING TO FACTUAL QUESTIONS POSED TO STUDENTS. INCLUDED IS A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF ARNO BELLACK'S RESEARCH, IN 11TH-GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES CLASSROOMS, OT THE VERBAL BEHAVIOR OF TEACHERS AND PUPILS, AND A SUMMABY OF HIS FORMULATION CF "RULES OF THE CLASSROOM LANGUAGE GAME. " A TABLE IS PROVIDED COMPARING BELLACK'S RESULTS WITH THE FINDINGS OF A SIMILAR CLASSROOM STUDY BY HOETKER. (MF) OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES
Effect of Freezing Time on the Nutritional Value of Mystus gulio (Nuna tengra), Mystus tengra (Bazari tengra) and Mystus cavasius (Ghulsha tengra)

Three different species of tengra; Nuna tengra ( Mystus gulio ), Bazri tengra ( Mystus tengara ), Gholsha tengra ( Mystus cavasius ) were kept in freezing condition for 20 days to investigate the effect of freezing (-5°C) time on the nutrient composition (protein, lipid, moisture). The average weight of the sample was 46.5gm, 23.94gm, and 15.48gm for Nuna tengra, Gholsha tengra and Bazri tengra respectively. Samples were collected from Gollamari, Khulna. The amount of protein and lipid reduced while amount of moisture increased with prolongation of freezing time. The amount of moisture for Mystus tengara, Mystus cavasius, Mystus gulio increased from 76.12% to78.02%, 75.35% to 77.25%and 76.03% to 78.23% respectively. At fresh condition the protein content of Mystus tengara , Mystus cavasius , Mystus gulio were 16.26%, 15.52% and 14.80% and at the end of the experiment protein were 14.97%, 13.91% and 13.43%. At fresh condition the lipid content of Mystus tengara, Mystus cavasius, Mystus gulio were 6.15%, 5.98% and 6.20% and after twenty days of it’s freezing the observed lipid content were 4.9%, 5.37% and 4.86%. However, at the end of the study, no significant (p>0.5) difference was observed among different nutrient level due to increasing freezing time. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14634 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 119-122, June-December 2010
Market Knowledge, Blue Ocean Strategy, and Competitive Advantage (Direct and Indirect Relationships and Impact)

This study deals with an important and vital subject that focuses on determining the role of market knowledge and Blue Ocean Strategy in achieving competitive advantage, and that is because of the scarcity of management studies in general, and marketing studies in particular, which addressed the nature of the relationship and impact between these three concepts . The study problem was represented by the question: what is the state of the Blue Ocean Strategy in Saudi Arabian organizations, how is it affected by market knowledge and what is its impact on achieving competitive advantage. This study aims to reveal the extent of the realization of the organization under study of market knowledge and Blue Ocean Strategy. It also aims to determine the relationship and impact between market knowledge dimensions and the dimensions of the Blue Ocean Strategy, determining the relationship and impact between the Blue Ocean and the dimensions of the competitive advantage strategy, the relationship and impact between market knowledge dimensions and competitive advantage dimensions and determining the relationship and the indirect impact of market knowledge on achieving competitive advantage through the Blue Ocean Strategy. The study was conducted on employees who occupy supervisory positions in Marketing Department of Saudi Telecom Company. The number of valid questionnaires for analysis amounted to (64), which were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS). The study reached several conclusions, including: There is a high degree of acknowledgement among participants in the study about: market knowledge dimension, Blue Ocean Strategy and competitive advantage; there is a relationship and impact between market knowledge dimension and Blue Ocean Strategy dimension; there is a relationship and impact between Blue Ocean Strategy dimension and competitive advantage dimension; there is a relationship and impact between market knowledge dimension and competitive advantage dimension, there is a relationship and an indirect impact of market knowledge on achieving competitive advantage, and that is through the Blue Ocean Strategy.
Investigating the Response of Loop Plasma to Nanoflare Heating Using RADYN Simulations

We present the results of 1D hydrodynamic simulations of coronal loops that are subject to nanoflares, caused by either in situ thermal heating or nonthermal electron (NTE) beams. The synthesized intensity and Doppler shifts can be directly compared with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) observations of rapid variability in the transition region (TR) of coronal loops, associated with transient coronal heating. We find that NTEs with high enough low-energy cutoff ( ) deposit energy in the lower TR and chromosphere, causing blueshifts (up to ∼20 km s−1) in the IRIS Si iv lines, which thermal conduction cannot reproduce. The threshold value for the blueshifts depends on the total energy of the events (≈5 keV for 1024 erg, up to 15 keV for 1025 erg). The observed footpoint emission intensity and flows, combined with the simulations, can provide constraints on both the energy of the heating event and . The response of the loop plasma to nanoflares depends crucially on the electron density: significant Si iv intensity enhancements and flows are observed only for initially low-density loops (<109 cm−3). This provides a possible explanation of the relative scarcity of observations of significant moss variability. While the TR response to single heating episodes can be clearly observed, the predicted coronal emission (AIA 94 Å) for single strands is below current detectability and can only be observed when several strands are heated closely in time. Finally, we show that the analysis of the IRIS Mg ii chromospheric lines can help further constrain the properties of the heating mechanisms.
Higher Education Faculty Engagement in a Modified Mapmark Standard Setting.

Christine E. DeMars, Ph.D. James Madison University Abstract The Mapmark standard setting method was adapted to a higher education setting in which faculty leaders were highly involved. Eighteen university faculty members participated in a day-long standard setting for a general education communications test. In Round 1, faculty set initial cut-scores for each of four student learning objectives. In Rounds 2 and 3, participants used a Mapmark item map to consider information from four student learning objectives at one glance and to integrate this information into a single cut-score. Participants and faculty leaders reported that the process was intuitive, and there was support for a defensible cut-score from the majority of participants and faculty leaders. Practical suggestions and implications are discussed. RESEARCH & PRACTICE IN ASSESSMENT
Aid to the Services Sector: Does it Affect Manufacturing Exports?

This paper evaluates the impact of foreign aid to five service sectors (transportation, information and communications technologies, energy, banking/financial services, and business services) on exports of downstream manufacturing sectors in developing countries. To address the reverse causality between aid and exports, the analysis relies on an original identification strategy that exploits (i) the variation of aid flows to service sectors, and (ii) the variation of service-intensities across industrial sectors and countries using input-output data. The authors find a positive effect of aid to services, in general, on downstream manufacturing exports of developing countries across regions and income-level groups.
The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Employees of Office Systems at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2012

نﺎﺠﻨﺴﻓر ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important causes of disability and absenteeism in the world. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among university office workers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done with a census appproach on 400 employees of administrative systems at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Data was collected based on Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire in three sections: the first section included demographic characteristics, the second section included identifying the 9 areas of the body which can cause musculoskeletal problems and the third section included additional questions relating to 9 areas of the body . Data ware analyzed using t-test and chi-square and Binary Logistic Regression. Results: Two hundred and sixty six (66.5%) of participants reported musculoskeletal symptoms during the past 12 months and had felt pain and inconvenience in at least one of the 9 areas of the body. The highest prevalence of pain was found in the areas of neck (32.3%) and lower back (32.3%) and the lowest prevalence of pain was in the areas of foot/ankle (6.5%) and elbow (7%). Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper (p=0.028) and lower (p=0.001) limbs were significantly higher in women than in men. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders increased in people with more than 5 years of work history (p= 0.011) and lower job satisfaction (p=0.024). Conclusion: This study showed that women, with low job satisfaction and more than 5 years work history were strongly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, paying more attention to these people can play an important role to decrease disorder among university office workers .
Group of Active Patients Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment in Symptomatic Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis : Preliminary Results in a

http://sph.sagepub. com/content/4/2/162 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/1941738111431801 2012 4: 162 originally published online 20 January 2012 Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach Alberto Gobbi, Georgios Karnatzikos, Vivek Mahajan and Somanna Malchira Group of Active Patients Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment in Symptomatic Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis : Preliminary Results in a
The absence of non-western IR theory in Asia reconsidered

This paper critically examines an ongoing debate in International Relations (IR) as to why there is apparently no non-Western IR theory in Asia and what should be done to ‘mitigate’ that situation. Its central contention is that simply calling for greater incorporation of ideas from the non-West and contributions by non-Western scholars from local ‘vantage points’ does not make IR more global or democratic, for that would do little to transform the discipline’s Eurocentric epistemological foundations. Re-envisioning IR in Asia is not about discovering or producing as many ‘indigenous’ national schools of IR as possible, but about reorienting IR itself towards a post-Western era that does not reinforce the hegemony of the West within (and without) the discipline. Otherwise, even if local scholars could succeed in crafting a ‘Chinese (or Indian, Japanese, Korean, etc.) School’, it would be no more than constructing a ‘derivative discourse’ of Western modernist social science.
The last 2 Myr of accretionary wedge construction in the central Hikurangi margin (North Island, New Zealand): Insights from structural modeling

Three depth‐converted and geologically interpreted seismic profiles provide a clear image of the offshore outer accretionary wedge associated with oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the central Hikurangi margin. Plio‐Quaternary turbidites deposited over the pelagic cover sequence of the Hikurangi Plateau have been accreted to the margin by imbrication along E‐verging thrust faults that propagated up‐section from the plate boundary décollement. Growth stratigraphy of piggy‐back basins and thrusting of progressively younger horizons trace the eastward advance of the leading thrust front over ∼60 km in the last 2 Myr. Moderate internal shortening of fault‐bounded blocks typically 4–8 km wide reflects rapid creation of thrust faults, with some early formed faults undergoing out‐of‐sequence reactivation to maintain critical wedge taper. Multistage structural restorations show that forward progression of shortening involves: (1) initial development of a ∼10–25 km wide “proto‐thrust” zone, comprising conjugate sets of moderately to steeply dipping low‐displacement (∼10–100 m) reverse faults; and (2) growth of thrust faults that exploit some of the early proto‐thrust faults and propagate up‐section with progressive break‐through of folds localized above the fault tips. The youngest, still unbreached folds deform the present‐day seafloor. Progressive retro‐deformations show that macroscopic thrust faults and folds account for less than 50% of the margin‐perpendicular shortening imposed by plate convergence. Arguably, significant fractions of the missing components can be attributed to mesoscopic and microscopic scale layer‐parallel shortening within the wedge, in the proto‐thrust zones, and in the outer décollement zone.
Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an example from the central Apennines (Italy)

SUMMARY In this paper we show that the processes that have shaped the Quaternary surface development of the Apennines in central Italy are all consequences of a single subcrustal process, the upwelling of the mantle. The relationship between gravity and topography shows that mantle convection is responsible for a long-wavelength (150‐200 km) topographic bulge over the central Apennines, and stratigraphic evidence suggests this bulge developed in the Quaternary. Active normal faulting is localized at the crest of this bulge and produces internally-draining fault-bounded basins. These basins have been progressively captured by the aggressive headward erosion of major streams that cut down to the sea on the flanks of the regional bulge. The only surviving closed basins are those on the Apennine watershed most distant from the marine base level, where continued normal faulting is still able to provide local subsidence that defeats their capture by the regional drainage network. Understanding the competition between regional capture and local, fault-related subsidence of intermontane basins is crucial for recognizing potentially hazardous active faults in the landscape and also for interpreting the sediment supply to adjacent offshore regions. Central Italy provides a good modern analogue for processes that are probably common in the geological record, particularly on rifted margins and intracontinental rifts, but may not have been fully appreciated.
On Isomorphisms and Invariants of Finite Dimensional Complex Filiform Leibniz Algebras

In this article, we propose an approach classifying a class of filiform Leibniz algebras. The approach is based on algebraic invariants. The method allows to classify all filiform Leibniz algebras (including filiform Lie algebras) in a given fixed dimensional case.
Why Roma Children Need Language Asessments in Romani

Abstract In this paper we make one major point: that Roma children in Europe need to be tested in their mother tongue before school placement. Roma children are in a particularly perilous position with respect to their education. We describe the problematic linguistic situation of Roma children, who are bilingual and often bidialectal, but are frequently evaluated in the language of the state for educational placement, a process that has been shown to significantly compromise their chance of success. We then review the considerable empirical evidence that bilingual children must be evaluated in both languages to give a fair assessment of their knowledge and skills. Furthermore, strength in the mother tongue has demonstrable transfer to skills in the second language. We provide a brief summary of a new assessment for Romani that has been used successfully to evaluate children aged 3 to 6 years, and present the results of a new study using it in Slovakia on 29 children aged 3 to 6 years.
Foraging behaviour of common murres in the Baltic Sea, recorded by simultaneous attachment of GPS and time-depth recorder devices

Global positioning system and time-depth recorders were deployed in combination to investigate the foraging behaviour of common murres Uria aalge breeding at Stora Karlso Island, Baltic Sea, during the chick-rearing period. In the pre-breeding period the main prey species of murres, sprat Sprattus sprattus, is targeted by commercial fisheries, likely reducing prey availability during the breeding season. Foraging trips typically consisted of a short flight followed by a period sitting on the sea surface (0.39 ± 0.48 h), followed by several (5.3 ± 3.8) diving bouts interspersed by flights and water surface activity. Following the final diving bout, murres returned directly to the colony. Overnight foraging trips lasted longer than daytime trips, and that result corresponded with greater diving activity and reduced dive depths around dawn and dusk, likely times of high prey accessibility. High outward flight groundspeeds (20.0 ± 2.8 m s-1) were aided by tailwinds, and lower inward flight groundspeeds (15.1 ± 2.5 m s-1) were impeded by headwinds. Flights following the wind direction may reflect a strategy to reduce crosswind drift. Foraging intensity was lower than reported by most other studies of murres, suggesting more abundant or aggregated prey. (Less)
On the pulling power of ice streams

Abstract Gravity wants to pull an ice sheet to the center of the Earth, but cannot because the Earth’s crust is in the way, so ice is pushed out sideways instead. Or is it? The ice sheet “sees” nothing preventing it from spreading out except air, which is much less massive than ice. Therefore, does not ice rush forward to fill this relative vacuum; does not the relative vacuum suck ice into it, because Nature abhors a vacuum? If so, the ice sheet is not only pulled downward by gravity, it is also pulled outward by the relative vacuum. This pulling outward will be most rapid where the ice sheet encounters least resistance. The least resistance exists along the bed of ice streams, where ice-bed coupling is reduced by a basal water layer, especially if the ice stream becomes afloat and the floating part is relatively unconfined around its perimeter and unpinned to the sea floor. Ice streams are therefore fast currents of ice that develop near the margins of an ice sheet where these conditions exist. Because of these conditions, ice streams pull ice out of ice sheets and have pulling power equal to the longitudinal gravitational pulling force multiplied by the ice-stream velocity. These boundary conditions beneath and beyond ice streams can be quantified by a basal buoyancy factor that provides a life-cycle classification of ice streams into inception, growth, mature, declining and terminal stages, during which ice streams disintegrate the ice sheet. Surface profiles of ice streams are diagnostic of the stage in a life cycle and, hence, of the vitality of the ice sheet.