Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Exclusive Breast Feeding Practices Among Mothers of Infants Aged Under Six Months in Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Background : despite the documented evidence on the vital role of breastfeeding on the health and development of infants, the exclusive breastfeeding practice for the first six months of life is lower than the international recommendation of exclusive breast feeding practice in the world, in Africa and particularly in Ethiopia. This study is aimed to assess the determinants of exclusive breast feeding practice among mothers of infant aged under 6 months, Jigjiga town, Eastern, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was used to select 592 mothers with infant under 6 months in Jigjiga town. Data was collected by using interview Structured questioner. Bivariate and Multivariable logistic regression was used to check the associations and for controlling confounding. Result: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 54.91 %( 95% CI; 50.79-58.90). Exclusive breastfeeding were more likely practiced by mothers who had infants age 0-1 [AOR= 7.29 (1.05, 10.24)], mothers who visited facilities for ANC 4 times and above [AOR=10.29 (1.41 20.12)] and mothers who received PNC [AOR=4.14(1.34, 9.48 ) ]. Conclusions and recommendations : The magnitude of Exclusive breastfeeding in the study area was low. Age of the infants, number of Antenatal care and postnatal care were found to be determinant factors for the continuation of exclusive breastfeeding.
Endoscopic Septoplasty without Nasal Packing: An Experience in a Tertiary Hospital

Background: Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is easily caused by trauma and septal surgeries have evolved from forceful fractures to endoscopic surgery being the leading trend now. Endoscopic surgery has lots of advantage over the conventional headlight method in alleviating symptoms and reducing complications. Endoscopic septoplasty without the nasal packing significantly shorten the surgery time and hospital stay thus reducing the financial burden. Hence this prospective study done in Nobel Hospital and Teaching Center was an Endeavour to see the indications, technique and outcome of the new surgical procedure. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients irrespective of sex in the age group of 18-60 years were enrolled in the study from December 2017 to December 2018. All symptomatic DNS confirmed by 00 and 300 rigid endoscope were enrolled. Informed consent from patients and ethical clearance was taken. Results: The maximum patients were in the age group of 18-30 years. The commonest symptoms of the patient was nasal obstruction in 51(78.46%), followed by post-nasal drip in 20(30.76%), hyposmia in 17(26.15%), headache in 15(23.07%) and epitasis in 10(15.38%). According to Mladina classification, the commonest deviated septum was type V in 29(45%), followed by type VI in12(18%), type II and IV in 7(11%) each, type VII in 6(9%) and least being type III in 4(6%) patients. There were no patients with Mladina type I DNS in this study. The improvement in symptoms were 90% in nasal obstruction, 88% in hyposmia, 85% in post nasal drip, 90% inepistaxis and 100% in headache. The complications were haemorrhage in 1(1.5%), synechia2(3.07%), mucosal tear 5(7.69%), haematoma 1(1.5%) and persistant DNS 5(7.69%). The average hospital stay was 48 hours. Conclusion: Endoscopic septoplasty without post-operative packing is very convenient to the patient. Endoscopic septoplasty with trans- septal suture is safe, cost effective and a better alternative.
Vitamin-D-Versorgung in Deutschland – Aktuelle Prävalenzen, gesundheitliche Auswirkungen und Effekte einer Messmethodenstandardisierung

5 1. Einleitung . 6 2. Datengrundlage und Methodik . 9 2.1 Studiendesign und -population . 9 2.2 Erhebungsmethoden und Labordiagnostik . 9 2.2.1 Bewertung des Vitamin-D-Status . 10 2.3 Messinstrumente, Einflussfaktoren und statistische Analysen . 11 3. Ergebnisse . 12 4. Diskussion . 14 4.1 Studienlimitationen . 20 4.2 Resümee und Implikationen für Public Health . 20 5. Literaturverzeichnis . 23 I. Eidesstattliche Versicherung . 28 II. Anteilserklärung an den erfolgten Publikationen . 29 III. Ausgewählte Publikationen . 30 Vitamin D status among adults in Germany – Results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) . 30 Association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms varies by season: Results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) . 45 Implications of standardization of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data for the evaluation of vitamin D status in Germany, including a temporal analysis . 52 IV. Lebenslauf . 66 V. Komplette Publikationsliste. 67 VI. Danksagung . 70
Detecting spam comments on Indonesia’s Instagram posts

In this paper we experimented with several feature sets for detecting spam comments in social media contents authored by Indonesian public figures. We define spam comments as comments which have promotional purposes (e.g. referring other users to products and services) and thus not related to the content to which the comments are posted. Three sets of features are evaluated for detecting spams: (1) hand-engineered features such as comment length, number of capital letters, and number of emojis, (2) keyword features such as whether the comment contains advertising words or product-related words, and (3) text features, namely, bag-of-words, TF-IDF, and fastText embeddings, each combined with latent semantic analysis. With 24,000 manually-annotated comments scraped from Instagram posts authored by more than 100 Indonesian public figures, we compared the performance of these feature sets and their combinations using 3 popular classification algorithms: Na¨ıve Bayes, SVM, and XGBoost. We find that using all three feature sets (with fastText embedding for the text features) gave the best F1-score of 0.9601 on a holdout dataset. More interestingly, fastText embedding combined with hand-engineered features (i.e. without keyword features) yield similar F1-score of 0.9523, and McNemar’s test failed to reject the hypothesis that the two results are not significantly different. This result is important as keyword features are largely dependent on the dataset and may not be as generalisable as the other feature sets when applied to new data. For future work, we hope to collect bigger and more diverse dataset of Indonesian spam comments, improve our model’s performance and generalisability, and publish a programming package for others to reliably detect spam comments.
Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic parameters in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy older and younger than 60 years old

Background: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common genetic myocardial diseases. Transthoracic echocardiography which includes speckle tracking technique is tool for HCM diagnosis and monitoring the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and echocardiographic parameters in HCM patients older and younger than 60 years old (yo). Materials and methods: We prospectively enrolled 53 HCM patients, who were divided into two groups: younger and older than 60 yo. Clinical parameters, standard echocardiographic indices, as well as strain parameters were assessed and compared between the groups. Results: The older subgroup was characterized by a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease. In the younger subgroup the incidence of atrial fibrillation was quite high, which occurs far more often than in the general population. Echocardiographic analysis showed worse diastolic function in older, as well as lower volume of the LV. The global longitudinal strain was worse in <60 patients. The 3D strain parameters differed significantly between the groups: the area and radial strains were worse in younger patients. Conclusions: HCM patients older and younger than 60 yo differ significantly in terms of clinical and echocardiographic parameters.
Application-Agnostic Streaming Bayesian Inference via Apache Storm

Given the increasing rates of data generation, along with increasingly ubiquitous sensors to measure it, analytical capabilities must be developed to keep pace. Although existing techniques have had success with some machine learning and statistical inferential tasks, these tasks are generally either limited in scope or are not capable of inferring the full probability densities (necessary for many sophisticated statistical analytical approaches) at a fast enough rate in order to match that of data arrival. We present a scalable framework for performing statistical density estimation on-the-fly on streams of data. This is achieve via a parallelized Apache Storm implementation of a particle learning algorithm. We demonstrate how to construct such an approach from the Storm primitives, and build upon these with novel contributions to Storm. Importantly, although our approach is exemplified via our particle learning framework, the ideas herein are generically applicable and agnostic of underlying modeling choices. Source code available for Storm extensions upon request. Contact wasson3@llnl.gov.
An Empirical Investigation into the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Computer Efficacy as Moderated by Age and Gender

Organizations have spent a great deal of capital and human resources on information technology. The expectation is that these expenditures will result in increased efficiency, productivity, and other long-term benefits to the organization. It has been suggested that organization culture can have a significant impact on achieving these organizational goals. In this study, we investigate the role that organization culture has on an individual's computer efficacy as moderated by age and gender. Based on the responses of 352 knowledge workers, we found that organization culture has a limited impact on computer self-efficacy and that age and gender have a greater direct influence on an individual's computer efficacy than does their organization's culture.
Occupational therapists’ perspectives on the implementation of client-centred practice in Tanzania

Introduction Client-centred practice was theorised by occupational therapists in Canada and subsequently introduced into the Tanzanian occupational therapy curriculum. There has been no critique of its relevance for African countries, nor research into occupational therapists’ perspectives of applying client-centred practice in African world contexts. This study aimed to determine the understanding and use of client-centred practice by occupational therapists in Tanzania. Method A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Working Tanzanian occupational therapists (n=64) completed a questionnaire based on two existing instruments. Data were analysed using SSPS (version 20.0) and qualitative coding. Results Barriers were shortage of time (79.7%), client-centred practice is too demanding for the client (78.1%) and the therapist and client have different goals (76.6%). Enablers included education about client-centred practice as a student (98.4%), client involvement in planning services (96.9%) and staff and service provider training (96.9%). Three themes were identified: client-centred practice enriches relationships, is difficult to implement, and needs to be supported by increasing human resources, further training and client education. Conclusion The implementation of client-centred practice in Tanzania is compromised by the resource-constrained and hospi-centric health service context. Alternative practice approaches that are aligned with collectivist cultural attitudes could be considered.
Tailored therapy in patients treated with fluoropyrimidines: focus on the role of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase

Fluoropyrimidines are widely used in the treatment of solid tumors, mainly gastrointestinal, head and neck and breast cancer. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for catabolism of 5-FU and it is encoded by DPYD gene. To date, many known polymorphisms cause DPD deficiency and subsequent increase of 5-FU toxicity. In addition, reduced inactivation of 5-FU could lead to increased 5-FU intracellular concentration and augmented efficacy of this drugs. Therefore DPD expression, particularly intratumoral, has been investigated as predictive and prognostic marker in 5-FU treated patients. There also seems to be a tendency to support the correlation between DPD expression and response/survival in patients treated with fluoropyrimidine even if definitive conclusions cannot be drawn considering that some studies are conflicting. Therefore, the debate on intratumoral DPD expression as a potential predictor and prognostic marker in patients treated with fluoropyrimidines is still open. Four DPD-polymorphisms are the most relevant for their frequency in population and clinical relevance. Many studies demonstrate that treating a carrier of one of these polymorphisms with a full dose of fluoropyrimidine can expose patient to a severe, even life-threatening, toxicity. Severe toxicity is reduced if this kind of patients received a dose-adjustment after being genotyped. CPIC (Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium) is an International Consortium creating guidelines for facilitating use of pharmacogenetic tests for patient care and helps clinicians ensuring a safer drug delivery to the patient. Using predictive DPD deficiency tests in patients receiving 5FU-based chemotherapy, in particular for colorectal cancer, has proven to be a cost-effective strategy.
Handbook Of Research In Second Language Teaching And Learning

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Cognitive impairment as one of the important non‐motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Cognitive impairment is one of the most important non‐physical symptoms of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and few studies have reported on cognitive impairments in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Adequate batteries are required to assess cognitive function in MS, and cognitive impairments in patients with MS are likely not adequately evaluated. As cognitive impairment usually affects employment status and activities of daily living in patients with MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, the effect of this symptom on daily activities should be closely examined. The present review focuses on the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive impairments in patients with MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, as well as the methods used to evaluate cognitive function in such patients.
Is Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Useful as an Adult Ultrasonographic Malignancy Risk Stratification Method ın Pediatric Thyroid Nodules?

Background: Data on thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) generally belong to studies performed in adults. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance and utility of TI-RADS in the pediatric group. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to 2018, 108 nodules were evaluated in 1028 thyroid ultrasound examinations. Images were retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists with 3 and 7 years of pediatric radiology experience, according to TI-RADS classification. Morphological findings of the detected nodules and their histopathological results were recorded. Histopathological findings and at least 12 months of follow-up imaging were taken as reference. Results: Seventy-one patients were female (67%). The mean age was 11.4 ± 4.7, and the mean nodule size was 7.4 ± 8.3 mm. According to the histopathological assessment and at least 12 months' follow-up with clinical and sonographic stability 100 (95.2%) of the nodules were benign and 5 (4.8%) were malignant. Two nodules, nondiagnostic cytology and 1 nodule were found to be suspicious for malignancy. All malignant nodules were in the TI-RADS 5 category. The majority of benign nodules (79%) were found in low TI-RADS categories. About 80% of the malignant nodules were very hypoechoic and taller than wide in shape, also all malignant nodules had microcalcifications (P = 0.000). The sensitivity of TI-RADS was 100%, specificity was 78.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 19.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. Conclusion: According to our study, TI-RADS system can be used to evaluate thyroid nodules in pediatric patients similar to adults.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Disorders in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis

Background: The prevalence of patients with end stage renal disease is increasing. Pulmonary diseases have been suggested to be more common in end stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis. Aim of the work: It was to evaluate the pulmonary function state and the prevalence of pulmonary disorders in hemodialysis patients. Subjects and methods: A retrospective study on 61 patients with chronic renal failure on regular Hemodialysis at El-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University. Results: The study included 61 chronic renal failure patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria with mean age 54.23 ± 10.07 years that ranged from 26 – 77 years old. Females represent 62.3%, about one third of patients (31.15%) were smokers and slightly more than half of them living in rural areas Pulmonary functions were affected in nearly half of them (restrictive 27.87%, obstructive 14.75% and mixed 6.56%). Variety of pulmonary disorders coexisted in about 69% of patients with 22.95% suffered from pleural effusion, 16.39% had TB, 11.48% and 8.20% developed pulmonary embolism and pulmonary edema respectively and finally community acquired pneumonia and uraemic asthma. Conclusion: Respiratory disorders especially restrictive lung pattern, pleural effusion, pneumonia and pulmonary embolism were associated with end stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis. Recommendation: Any patient with chronic renal failure, especially patients on regular hemodialysis should be observed early for detection of any pulmonary diseases or disorders.
Two Improved ID-based Proxy Blind Signatures

The blindness is an important property of a proxy blind signature scheme. For their shortcomings of having no blindness about Cai et al’s ID-based proxy blind signature and Hu et al’s ID-based proxy blind signature,two corresponding improved schemes are proposed. It shows that the two improved schemes overcome the disadvantages of the original signature schemes and also retain the merits of them.
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis Modeling Change And Event Occurrence

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Evaluating a Configurator Application for Modeling Data Collection Instruments: An Experimental Study

Software applications are a crucial part of our daily life and become more and more indispensable. Over the years, software itself has gone through a rapid development. Therefore, not only the complexity has increased, but also the quality requirements of customers. One important quality aspect that have to be fulfilled in order to guarantee acceptance of the software application is its usability. However, ensuring the latter is by no means easy. Thus, developers are obliged to test their software product during the development phase in order to gather respective information. Furthermore, testing allows reacting immediately and adapting the software accordingly if needed. Experiments are common methods for testing and, therefore, for obtaining important data as scientific foundation for further analysis. The thesis at hand evaluates a newly developed configurator application for modeling data collection instruments regarding its usability. Therefore, a controlled experiment is set up in order to investigate how much effort end-users need to properly handle the application. In particular, the overall understanding of the (modeling) concept with respect to the complexity of the configurator is evaluated. In this context, the software is used in order to model specific data collection instruments. More precisely, participants in the experiment are asked to process tasks of different complexity using the configurator application. Thereby, the focus is on the total time needed to solve the tasks as well as the number of errors in the resulting questionnaire models. Considering the results obtained assumptions regarding the intuitiveness of the (modeling) concept can be made.
Evaluating the movement of free-roaming dogs using georeferencing and the photographic capture-recapture method

This work proposes to use the photographic capture-recapture technique associated with the GPS positioning (Global Positioning System) to estimate the population and to evaluate the movement of free-roaming dogs in public spaces. An observer on a motorcycle traveled all the streets of Jardim Ipanema and part of Dona Amelia neighborhoods in Aracatuba, SP, totaling a ​​1.3 Km2 area covered on two days, with a one-week interval between them. The free-roaming dogs were photographed and their geographical locations were determined using GPS, and this geographic record was then used to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of free-roaming dogs in the neighborhood. A total of 77 dogs were found on the streets, 21 of which were photographed more than once (photo-recaptured). The number of free-roaming dogs was estimated from the capture rate using a linear regression model, revealing a population of 76 animals, corresponding to 7.5% of the canine population living in the neighborhood. The results indicated a higher concentration of free-roaming dogs in a certain neighborhood region that has unpaved streets and most houses had no walls. Furthermore, the highest number of dogs was observed early in the day (between 7 and 9 a.m.) and that, among the dogs observed moving through the neighborhood streets, the longest distance traveled was 520m. It is concluded that the proposed methodology is an efficient tool and can be used when planning public health activities.
Student perceptions of feedback: seeking a coherent flow

The importance of feedback to student progression and retention has gained prominence in the literature over the past few years. A number of concerns have been raised about the quality and quantity of student feedback, and the variability across and within institutions. The aim of this study was to examine student perceptions of the utility of timely feedback, and staff intentions for feedback, in relation to a number of factors in the first and final years of a student’s academic experience. A focus group study was carried out at three UK higher education institutions. Eighteen first-year (Level 1) and 20 final-year (Level 3) undergraduates and 14 academic staff participated in 14 groups. Digital recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis employed to systematically code for themes across the data. Three main themes were identified: · time and timeliness;· communication; and · student/tutor expectations. Findings suggest that there is a mismatch between the expectations of both students and tutors in terms of what can realistically be achieved within the pressures of other commitments. Students require feedback to be timely, specific and preferably delivered through individual tutorials. The creation of a ‘feedback chain’ or overview of their overall progress was also suggested. They need more assistance with learning how to learn in higher education, preferably subject specific approaches.