Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forage Feeding in Intensive Lamb Production . Intake and Performance in Ewes and Lambs

Successful feeding strategies of periparturient ewes and growing lambs are essential in intensive indoor lamb production. This thesis evaluated the effects of chopping grass silage and of mixing silage with concentrate on feed intake, dietary selection, chewing behaviour, faecal particle size and performance in pregnant and lactating ewes and in suckling and finishing lambs. In addition, the effects of silage digestibility on feed intake, dietary selection and performance in pregnant and lactating ewes and in suckling lambs were evaluated. Lastly, the effects of feeding whole crop maize silage, harvested at different maturity stages, as the sole forage or combined with grass silage on feed intake, dietary selection, chewing behaviour, faecal particle size and performance in finishing lambs were evaluated. Three experiments were conducted at Götala Beef and Lamb Research Centre, SLU, Sweden. The results show that by chopping grass silage prior to feeding pregnant and lactating ewes, eating time and dietary selection were decreased whereas rumination time was increased. Chopping of silage also increased growth rate of finishing lambs. Mixing of silage and concentrate increased feed intake in lactating ewes and growth rate of suckling lambs, indicating a higher milk yield of the ewes. Furthermore, improved digestibility of grass silage, due to earlier harvest, increased silage intake and body weight in pregnant and lactating ewes and reduced loss of body condition in lactating ewes. Early harvested silage also decreased concentrate intake and increased the growth rate of the suckling lambs, indicating a higher milk production of the ewes. To optimize feed efficiency, silage of maize harvested at dent stage of maturity should be fed as the only forage, whereas maize harvested at the dough stage could be fed in a mix with grass silage. Feeding maize silage as the sole forage decreased eating and rumination time per unit of intake. Lambs selected particles between 1 and 8 mm and sorted against particles high in fibre. Furthermore, to maximize lamb growth rate, the protein content and quality seem to be the most important dietary factors. In summary, to maximize production output in intensive lamb production by optimizing feeding, highly digestible chopped grass silage or maize silage harvested at dent stage of maturity should be fed mixed with concentrate.
Biogeochemical controls on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipid distributions in sediments characterized by diffusive methane flux

The TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of tetraethers consisting of 86 carbon atoms) is a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) based on the distribution of isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids synthesized by marine pelagic Thaumarchaeota. One of the caveats of this proxy is the production of additional GDGTs by sedimentary Euryarchaeota involved in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) that occurs at deep‐sea methane seeps but is also widespread in many continental shelf settings. Here, GDGT distributions are investigated through the sulfate‐methane transition zone (SMTZ) in Aarhus Bay, Denmark, to examine the extent the TEX86 proxy is compromised in such a continental shelf setting where AOM is characterized by a diffusive rather than rapid advective methane flux. Both free extractable and non‐extractable lipid fractions were analyzed as it was expected that pelagic‐derived and sediment‐derived GDGTs could become incorporated into the molecular and sedimentary matrix to a different extent. The results show a large change of TEX86 values mainly due to the relative high amounts of GDGT‐2 produced by AOM‐related Archaea, both in the free and non‐extractable lipid fractions. This additional GDGT input renders calculation of SSTs based on TEX86 inappropriate at the SMTZ. The AOM‐related GDGT signature, however, did not persist into deeper sediments, perhaps reflecting rapid remineralization of the GDGTs at the SMTZ. Although the process of AOM at Aarhus Bay might not be representative for all continental margin settings, it illustrates that AOM in a variety of settings, not just cold seeps, can influence sedimentary GDGT distributions.
Rigid ring-shaped particles that align in simple shear flow

Abstract Most rigid, torque-free, low-Reynolds-number, axisymmetric particles undergo a time-periodic tumbling motion in a simple shear flow, with their axes of symmetry following a set of closed Jeffery orbits. We have identified a class of rigid, ring-like particles whose axes of symmetry instead reach a permanent alignment near the velocity gradient direction with the plane of the particle aligning near the flow–vorticity plane. An asymptotic analysis for small particle aspect ratio (ratio of length parallel to the axis of symmetry to diameter perpendicular to the axis) shows that an appropriate asymmetry of the ring cross-section with a thinner outer edge and thicker inner edge leads to a tendency to rotate in a direction opposite to the vorticity; this tendency can balance the usual rotation rate associated with the finite thickness of the particle. Boundary integral computations for finite particle aspect ratios are used to determine the conditions of aspect ratio and degree of asymmetry that lead to the aligning behaviour and the final orientation of the axis of symmetry of the aligned particles. The aligning particle follows an equation of motion similar to the Leslie–Erickson equation for the director of a small-molecule nematic liquid crystal. However, whereas the alignment of the director arises from intermolecular interactions, the ring-like particle aligns solely due to its intrinsic rotational motion in a low-Reynolds-number flow.
Simultaneous Detection of Multi-DNAs and Antigens Based on Self-Assembly of Quantum Dots and Carbon Nanotubes

The development of convenient methodologies for simultaneous detection of specific multiDNAs and antigens in biological and environmental samples has received broad attention because their detection, identification and quantification are very complex, expensive and time consuming (Abu-Salah et al., 2010; Strehlitz et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2009). Over the past 30 years, biosensors, namely the devices incorporating biological sensing elements either intimately connected to or integrated within transducers, have been designed and fabricated to find effective solutions to these problems, which offer certain operational advantages over other traditional methods, notably with respect to rapidity, ease-of-use, low cost, simplicity, portability, and ease of mass manufacture (Cooper, 2002; Turner, 2000; Turner et al., 1987). The fundamental prerequisite of biosensors depends on specific molecular recognition based on affinity between complementary structures such as enzymesubstrate, antibody-antigen, receptor-hormone, and so forth (Zhang et al., 2009). This specific recognition gives rise to the production of concentration–proportional signals. Up to date, some biosensors have been commercialized for some special applications like blood glucose and lactate measurement or bioprocess control, amongst others. However, they have not still entered the market as much as expected, which is caused by the following reasons: (1) the selectivity and specificity of biosensor highly depends on biological recognition systems (Spichiger-Keller, 1998); (2) the sensitivity detection limit is difficult to achieve trace levels, even the single molecular detection (Sheehan and Whitman, 2005); (3) High throughput assay is desired to simultaneously process multiple samples (Sittampalam et al., 1997); (4) the biological recognition elements of the biosensor (e.g. enzymes, antibodies or cells) are usually instable (So et al., 2005). With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, a series of novel nanomaterials with controlled size and morphologies are being fabricated, their novel properties are being gradually discovered with difference from their corresponding bulk materials, and the applications of nanomaterials in biosensors have also made great advances (Jianrong et al., 2004; Kumar, 2007; Pandey et al., 2008). Nanomaterials can be made from both inorganic and organic materials and are less than 100 nm in length along
Establishment of Continuous Critical Levels for Indices of Plant and Presidedress Soil Nitrogen Status in the Potato Crop

Abstract Critical levels for six plant and presidedress soil nitrogen (N) indices were established for the growing season, and their relative accuracy to diagnose the need for supplemental sidedress N was also compared. Field trials were conducted from 1996 to 1998 with irrigated potato in northeastern Portugal. Fertilizer treatments included several preplant and sidedress N rates. Petiole nitrate concentrations (determined by a standard laboratory method and with the portable RQflex reflectometer), leaf N content, leaf greenness (SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter), presidedress soil NO3-N and presidedress soil inorganic-N (NO3-N + NH4-N) were selected as N indicators. The Cate-Nelson graphical method and an analytical procedure using Mitscherlich type curves were used to determine critical levels. In both cases, a yield reduction of 10% was accepted. The accuracy of the diagnostics was estimated from the Cate-Nelson graphical method, quantifying the point percentage that appears in negative quadrants (the error rate). The graphical method yielded lower critical levels, appearing as the most conservative sidedress N recommendation basis. The critical levels decreased linearly between 15 and 45 days after emergence (DAE). The linear equations achieved provide continuous critical levels for the growing season and are shown below: Petiole NO3-N (g kg−1, dry wt basis) = − 0.737 DAE + 36.879(r 2 = 0.92); Petiole NO3 (g kg−1, from fresh tissue) = − 0.182 DAE + 9.417 (r 2 = 0.69); Leaf N (g kg−1, dry wt basis) = − 0.453 DAE + 61.028 (r 2 = 0.91); Chlorophyll-SPAD (SPAD units) = − 0.463 DAE + 64.400 (r 2 = 0.93); Soil NO3-N (mg kg−1) = − 1.096 DAE + 49.279 (r 2 = 0.92); and Soil inorganic-N (mg kg−1) = − 1.245 DAE + 56.599(r 2 = 0.92). The N indicators with lower error rate were the presidedress soil NO3-N and presidedress soil inorganic-N (both showing an error rate of 8.3%), followed by petiole nitrate concentration [determined in laboratory (12.0%) and with RQflex reflectometer (12.5%), leaf N content (13.0%), and leaf greenness (14.6%)]. Error rates were similar throughout the growing season, meaning that it is possible to get information about the need for supplementary N in the very early growth stages.
Protection from Lethal Cell Death in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Mouse Model by In Vivo Delivery of FADD siRNA

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in most intensive care units (Angus et al., 2001; Martin et al., 2003). Sepsis results from dysregulation of the normally protective anti-microbial host defense mechanism and represents a systemic inflammatory response that is associated with hypotension, insufficient tissue perfusion, uncontrolled bleeding, and multiple organ failure/dysfunction (Bone et al., 1992; Natanson et al., 1994). Accordingly, a major focus of sepsis research has been the development of anti-inflammatory strategies. In clinical trials, however, most of the therapies that may modify systemic inflammation have largely failed to reduce mortality in patients with severe sepsis (Zeni et al., 1997; Natanson et al., 1998; Marshall, 2000). These failed trials include administration of high-dose glucocorticoids; polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against endotoxin and various inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-; anti-inflammatories; nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors; anti-oxidants; and others. Hence, new understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this complex disorder is needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies that will impact favorably on septic patient outcome. Apoptosis is a second prominent feature of sepsis. This process is a mechanism of tightly regulated disassembly of cells caused by activation of certain specialized proteases called caspases. A number of laboratories have demonstrated that sepsis induces extensive lymphocyte apoptosis, which can impairment of immunoresponses, thereby predisposing patients to septic death (Ayala & Chaudry, 1996; Wesche et al., 2005; Hotchkiss et al., 2005; Lang & Matute-Bello, 2009; Matsuda et al., 2010a). Parenchymal cells, including intestinal and lung epithelial cells, also have increased apoptotic cell death in animal models of sepsis (Coopersmith et al., 2002a, 2002b; Perl et al., 2007). An autopsy study comparing samples from multiple organ systems in 20 patients who died of sepsis with those from 16 critically ill, non-septic patients has shown that gut epithelial apoptosis is increased in septic patients (Hotchkiss et al., 1999a). Moreover, it has been suggested that vascular endothelial cells may
The April 22, 1991, Valle de la Estrella, Costa Rica (Mw = 7.7) earthquake and its tectonic implications: A broadband seismic study

The rapture process of a large back arc thrusting earthquake, the April 22, 1991, Valle de la Estrella, Costa Rica (Mw = 7.7), earthquake, is investigated using broadband body waves and long-period surface waves. We find the source process to be relatively simple, with the source models separately obtained from body and surface waves being very consistent. The event occurred on a shallow, southwest dipping rapture plane on which most energy is released updip of the hypocentral location (10–20 km deep). High-frequency radiation appears to have been released over a relatively small source area. Our preferred model has a focal mechanism with strike 102 ± 10°, dip 17 ± 14° and rake 63 ± 17°, a seismic moment of 3.8 ± 1.5 × 1020 N m, and a total rupture duration of 40 ± 6 s. The earthquake appears to be associated with the North Panama Deformed Belt (NPDB), a thrust and fold complex that has accommodated the oroclinal deformation of Panama. This event, along with previous large events north of Panama in 1882 and 1916, indicates that there is substantial convergence along the NPDB, marking the NPDB as a probable emerging plate boundary. It remains difficult to gauge the earthquake hazard in the region because of the tectonic complexity.
Measuring Underground (Unobserved, Non-Observed, Unrecorded) Economies in Transition Countries: Can We Trust GDP?

Abstract This paper compiles alternative estimates of underground economies in twenty five transition countries during the transition decade and finds a disturbing lack of convergence between them, calling into question the reliability of GDP figures (which in varying degrees now include non-transparent imputations for the “non-observed economy”) as well as the macro model estimates of the unrecorded economy. A corollary of this finding is that substantive results from many studies examining the consequences of the radical transition from planned to market economies must be viewed with considerable skepticism. Underground (unobserved, non-observed, unrecorded) economic activities play a major role in transition economies. Evaluations of the success and failure of the transition experience should be based on estimates of total economic activity (TEA) namely, recorded plus unrecorded economic activity. We examine the conceptual and empirical relationships between new National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) methods for obtaining “exhaustive” measures of total economic activity and the two most popular macro-model approaches (electric consumption and currency ratio models) for estimating the size and growth of the unrecorded sector. Our updated empirical results detailing the size and trajectory of unrecorded activities obtained from different estimation methods reveal a disturbing lack of convergence. Until these important differences are resolved, investigations of the relationship between economic reforms and economic outcomes during the transition decade must be viewed with considerable caution. Given the shortcomings of conventional macro model estimates of the underground economy and the lack of transparency and consistency of NOE estimates, it is high time that the profession acknowledges how little we really know about underground economies and their causes and consequences.
Role of Governance in Explaining Domestic Investment in Nigeria

This study empirically examines the pattern of domestic investment that is consistent with a neoclassical supply-side model of the Nigerian economy. The estimations are carried out with time-series data from 1970 to 2006 using the Johansen estimation techniques. The results conform to the findings of existing literature that real output, user cost of capital, and the level of financial development are significant determinants of domestic investment in Nigeria. The distinctive feature of the study is the significant role played by governance in explaining the longterm pattern of domestic investment in Nigeria. The results from the long-run estimation and the impulse responses revealed that a well-structured and stable socio-economic environment will boost domestic investment over the long run. Therefore, in modelling domestic investment for Nigeria, it is imperative to incorporate the significant role played by governance.
Assessment of attitudes for interprofessional team working and knowledge of health professions competencies for final year health professional students

Inter-professional education (IPE) contributes to the development of an ‘inter-professional, collaborative and practice-ready’ healthcare workforce that is well prepared to respond to local healthcare needs. Little is known about the extent, to which health professional students who are nearing graduation understand the competencies of diverse health professions. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of final-year undergraduate students’ towards interprofessional team working and their knowledge of the competencies of 6 health professions. This study evaluated the final-year health professional students’ from six (6) health professions programmes namely medical, dental, nursing, pharmacy, dietetics and biomedical sciences programmes. Attitudes towards Health Care Team Scale (ATHCTS) was used to measure students’ attitudes towards teamwork while a checklist was used measure students’ knowledge of 6 health professionals competencies. Construct validity was ascertain and findings from ATHCTS showed mean scores ranges from 48.57 to 54.23 indicating positive attitudes toward working within interprofessional health care teams. While the ACTHS findings were positive, the competencies checklist showed mixed findings in that students correctly identified some competencies and had misconceptions for others. For example, the majority of students regarded physicians as competent in ‘assessment and evaluation’ and ‘medication management’ while less than 50% of participants recognised the importance of assessment of patient’s health-illness as a competency for dieticians. Gaps identified in final year students’ knowledge of the roles and competencies of health professions has an impact on future interprofessional collaborative practice suggesting a need to further improve curriculum design and delivery of IPE.
Tertullian on the Trinity

Abstract Tertullian is often portrayed as a prescient figure who accurately anticipated the Nicene consensus about the Trinity. But when he is examined against the background of his immediate predecessors, he falls into place as a typical second-century Logos theologian. He drew especially from Theophilus of Antioch, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus of Lyons. At the same time, Tertullian did introduce some important innovations. His trinitarian language of ‘substance’ and ‘person’, rooted in Stoic metaphysics, offered the church a new way to be monotheistic while retaining the full deity and consubstantiality of the Word. Tertullian also significantly developed the concept of a divine oikonomia, God’s plan to create and redeem the world. The Son and Spirit are emissaries of the Father’s will—not ontologically inferior to him, yet ranked lower in the way that the sent are always subordinate to the sender. For this reason, Tertullian denied that a Father/Son relationship was eternal within the Trinity, seeing it rather as a new development emerging from God’s plan to make the world. Such temporal paternity and filiation distances Tertullian from the eventual Nicene consensus, which accepted instead the eternal generation theory of Origen. While Tertullian did propose some important terms that would gain traction among the Nicene fathers, he was also marked by a subordinationist tendency that had affinities with Arianism. Tertullian’s most accurate anticipation of Nicaea was his insistence on three co-eternal and consubstantial Persons. Historical theologians need to start admitting that Tertullian was a far cry from being fully Nicene. Rather, he offered a clever but still imperfect half-step toward what would become official orthodoxy.
The synthesis and crystal structure of CaAlFSiO 4 , the AlF analog of titanite

Aluminum-rich titanites [Ca(Ti,Al)(O,F)SiO4] with XAl > 0.53 [XAl = Al/(Al+Ti)], including the pure end-member CaAlFSiO 4, were synthesized for the first time in a high-pressure experimental study. The crystal structure of CaAlFSiO 4 was determined by Rietveld analysis of an X-ray powder diffraction pattern. CaAlFSiO4 is monoclinic, belongs to the space group A2/a, and has the unit-cell dimensions a = 6.9149(2) Å, b = 8.5064(1) Å, c = 6.4384(2) Å, and β = 114.684(2) °. The unit-cell volume is less than 93% of CaTiOSiO 4, which is consistent with the natural occurrence of Al-rich titanite in high-P rocks. Although previous studies suggested that titanite with X Al > 0.5 is possibly not stable, this study demonstrates that complete solid solution occurs between CaTiOSiO 4 and CaAlFSiO4. The similarity of the crystal structures of titanite and CaAlFSiO 4 explains why in natural Al-rich titanite the end-member CaAlFSiO 4 generally dominates over the hypothetical end-member CaAlOHSiO4, which under geological conditions is stable in a different crystal structure.
Optimal Dose and Modality of Exercise in Patients with Coronary ArteryDisease: A Review

Cardiac rehabilitation has established efficacy in reducing mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. While the optimization of exercise modality and quantity for each patient is still an area of development, the purpose of this clinical review is to look at some of the latest research of such exercise modalities and quantities. We searched for randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis that would compare methods of physical rehabilitation in coronary artery disease patients. The research was critically appraised. We found that interval training is a new method of cardiac rehabilitation exercise that has thus far proven to be safe and efficient in low-risk coronary artery disease patients. Resistance training alone may be an alternative to the traditional combination of aerobic training and resistance training. Resistance training can begin to take a more prominent role in cardiac rehabilitation exercises. Interval training can be used in cardiac rehabilitation of low-risk CAD patients. More research is still needed to refine the optimal dosages and compare modalities of exercise and their mortality benefits.