Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracellular enzymes and protein synthesis in rabbit skin after thermal injury

1 The concentrations of several intracellular enzymes in rabbit skin have been measured 5 min, 2, 6 and 24 h after thermal injury. 2 At 5 min and 2 h after a burn (60° C for 1 min) there was a significant fall in the enzyme activities whereas at 6 h their activities were higher than control. 3 It appears that the increase in enzyme concentrations in the lymph during the first few hours after thermal injury is associated with a fall in the enzyme concentrations in the tissues and therefore might be the result of leakage of enzyme from storage sites in the injured cells. 4 The second increase in enzyme concentrations in the lymph which has been observed 6–18 h after thermal injury occurs at a time when there is also an increase in the enzyme concentrations in the tissue. 5 It seems unlikely that these increased activities are due to new synthesis since there was no apparent correlation between tissue enzyme concentrations and protein synthetic activity, and the changes still occurred after administration of cycloheximide. 6 There was a change in the LDH isoenzyme pattern after injury towards a predominance of LDH‐1. This change did not occur immediately after the burn, but was present at 2 and 6 h, and returned to normal 24 h later.
Dead men tell no tales: Analysis of the use of autopsy reports in trauma system performance improvement activities

PURPOSE To analyze the influence and use of autopsy report review on preventability judgments as part of trauma system performance improvement activities. METHODS All cases trauma fatalities occurring across one state within 1 year were reviewed. Preventability judgments were first analyzed by multidisciplinary panel consensus without benefit of autopsy report. Deaths were then reanalyzed after the panel was provided with autopsy findings. Changes in panel determinations of preventability and cause of death were noted. RESULTS A total of 434 cases were reviewed, autopsies were performed in 240 (55%) patients. Autopsy rate was 83% for prehospital deaths (PHDs) and 37% for hospital deaths (HDs). A complete examination (CA) was performed in 166 (69%) cases, and 74 (31%) cases were limited internal or external examinations only (NCA). Of autopsies performed on HD, 60% were CA versus 75% in PHD. Autopsy review changed preventability determination in four cases (1%). All changes were from nonpreventable to possibly preventable. For all patients with autopsy, the panel felt that the autopsy should have been of sufficient quality to analyze the cause of death in 83%. The autopsy was felt to actually establish a specific cause of death in 70% of all patients with autopsy, 71% in patients with NCA, and 74% in patients with CA. The autopsy changed the panel’s preautopsy review–determination cause of death in 31% of all patients with autopsy (37% in the CA group; 13% in the NCA group). For PHD, autopsy changed the panel-determination cause of death in 44% and in 13% for HD. CONCLUSION Review of autopsy reports adds little to the trauma performance improvement process. It does not significantly change death review panel determinations. It may, perhaps, be most useful in PHD. Ardent initiatives to expend resources on autopsy performance and acquisition of autopsy reports in all patients with trauma is unwarranted.
Lyocell and cotton fibers as reinforcements for a thermoset polymer

Cellulose fibers obtained from the textile industry (lyocell) were investigated as a potential reinforcement for thermoset phenolic matrices, to improve their mechanical properties. Textile cotton fibers were also considered. The fibers were characterized in terms of their chemical composition and analyzed using TGA, SEM, and X-ray. The thermoset (non-reinforced) and composites (phenolic matrices reinforced with randomly dispersed fibers) were characterized using TG, DSC, SEM, DMTA, the Izod impact strength test, and water absorption capacity analysis. The composites that were reinforced with lyocell fibers exhibited impact strengths of nearly 240 Jm-1, whereas those reinforced with cotton fibers exhibited impact strengths of up to 773 Jm-1. In addition to the aspect ratio, the higher crystallinity of cotton fibers compared to lyocell likely plays a role in the impact strength of the composite reinforced by the fibers. The SEM images showed that the porosity of the textile fibers allowed good bulk diffusion of the phenolic resin, which, in turn, led to both good adhesion of fiber to matrix and fewer microvoids at the interface.
Essence of the Capability Maturity Model

The CMM (Capability Maturity Model) wasn't intended to be all things to all people or cover all possible aspects of software and systems development. CMM was intended to provide one set of guidelines for managing software development projects and making improvements over time. This set of guidelines was based on best practices, software engineering discipline, real world experience and extrapolation from other industries. These guidelines were only meant to be tailored and applied within the culture and context of each unique organization.
Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Health in a Sample of Kuwaiti College Students

This summary investigated correlations between emotional intelligence and psychological health amongst 191 Kuwaiti undergraduate students in psychology, 98 men and 93 women (M age = 20.6 yr., SD = 2.8). There were two measures of emotional intelligence, one based on the ability model, the Arabic Test for Emotional Intelligence, and the other on the mixed model, the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Participants' psychological health was assessed using scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory. A weak relationship between the two types of emotional intelligence was found. A correlation for scores on the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire with the Personality Assessment Inventory was found but not with those of the Arabic Test for Emotional Intelligence. Regression analysis indicated scores on Managing Emotions and Self-awareness accounted for most of the variance in the association with the Personality Assessment Inventory. Significant sex differences were found only on the Arabic Test for Emotional Intelligence; women scored higher than men. On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire measures, men had significantly higher means on Managing Emotions and Self-motivation. However, no significant differences were found between the sexes on the Total Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire scores.
Diagnostic Significance of High Mobility Group I(Y) Protein Expression in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumors of the Pancreas

Introduction Overexpression of the high mobility group I(Y), [HMGI(Y)], gene/proteins has been demonstrated in many types of human malignancies, suggesting that HMGI(Y) may play a vital role in the oncogenic transformation of cells. Aims To analyze HMGI(Y) expression in intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas to verify whether determination of the HMGI(Y) expression level could provide any diagnostic advantages in the pathological diagnosis of IPMT. Methodology Thirty-three different lesions from 25 patients with IPMT, including 20 with mild dysplasia, 7 with moderate dysplasia, and 6 with carcinoma, were analyzed immunohistochemically with use of an HMGI(Y)-specific antibody. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, although no significant immunoreactivity was found in cases of normal pancreatic duct or mild dysplasia, 28.6% (2/7) of moderate dysplasia showed multifocal immunoreactivity with moderate intensity. In contrast, in 50% (3/6) of the cases of carcinoma, intense multifocal or diffuse immunoreactivity occurred, almost equivalent to that observed in cases of duct cell carcinoma, whereas in the remaining 3 cases of carcinoma only a faint focal immunoreactivity occurred. Histologic examination revealed that these HMGI(Y)-positive carcinomas had an invasive growth pattern, whereas the HMGI(Y)-negative carcinomas were either carcinomas in situ or tumors with minimal invasion. Thus, an increased expression level of HMGI(Y) proteins was closely associated with the malignant phenotype in IPMT. Conclusion On the basis of these findings, we propose that HMGI(Y) proteins could play an important role(s) in a multistage process of carcinogenesis of IPMT and that the HMGI(Y) protein level could serve as a potential diagnostic marker, which may enable the identification of tumor cells with potential to be biologically malignant.
Ferric Citrate Hydrate, a New Phosphate Binder, Prevents the Complications of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Vascular Calcification

Background/Aims: Ferric citrate hydrate (JTT-751) is being developed as a treatment for hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients, and shows serum phosphorus-reducing effects on hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. We examined whether JTT-751 could reduce phosphorus absorption in normal rats and prevent the progression of ectopic calcification, secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone abnormalities in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. Methods: Normal rats were fed a diet containing 0.3, 1 or 3% JTT-751 for 7 days. The effects of JTT-751 on phosphorus absorption were evaluated with fecal and urinary phosphorus excretion. Next, a CRF model simulating hyperphosphatemia was induced by feeding rats a 0.75% adenine diet. After 21 days of starting the adenine diet feeding, 1 or 3% JTT-751 was administered for 35 days by dietary admixture. The serum phosphorus levels and mineral parameters were measured. Calcification in the aorta was examined biochemically and histopathologically. Hyperparathyroidism and bone abnormalities were evaluated by histopathological analysis of the parathyroid and femur, respectively. Results: In normal rats, JTT-751 increased fecal phosphorus excretion and reduced phosphorus absorption and urinary phosphorus excretion. In CRF rats, JTT-751 reduced serum phosphorus levels, the calcium-phosphorus product and calcium content in the aorta. Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels and the incidence and severity of parathyroid hyperplasia were also decreased. JTT-751 reduced femoral bone fibrosis, porosity and osteoid formation. Conclusions: JTT-751 could bind with phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract, increase fecal phosphorus excretion and reduce phosphorus absorption. JTT-751 could prevent the progression of ectopic calcification, secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone abnormalities in rats.
Metabolic evidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency, including high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and low holotranscobalamin, is more pronounced in older adults with elevated plasma folate.

BACKGROUND An analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicated that in older adults exposed to folic acid fortification, the combination of low serum vitamin B-12 and elevated folate is associated with higher concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and higher odds ratios for cognitive impairment and anemia than the combination of low vitamin B-12 and nonelevated folate. These findings await confirmation in other populations. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to compare metabolic indicators of vitamin B-12 status, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms among elderly Latinos with elevated and nonelevated plasma folate. DESIGN Cross-sectional data were analyzed for 1535 subjects (age: >or=60 y) from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. Subjects were divided into 4 groups on the basis of plasma vitamin B-12 (< or >or=148 pmol/L) and folate (<or= or >45.3 nmol/L). Homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, holotranscobalamin, ratio of holotranscobalamin to vitamin B-12, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, delayed recall, and depressive symptom scores were compared between the groups. RESULTS Individuals with low vitamin B-12 and elevated folate (n = 22) had the highest concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and the lowest concentration of holotranscobalamin and ratio of holotranscobalamin to vitamin B-12 when compared with all other groups (P <or= 0.003). No differences in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, delayed recall, and depressive symptom scores were observed between the low vitamin B-12 and elevated-folate group compared with other groups. CONCLUSIONS Low vitamin B-12 is associated with more pronounced metabolic evidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency when folate is elevated than when folate is not elevated. These data should be considered when assessing the potential costs, risks, and benefits of folic acid and vitamin B-12 fortification programs.
Ridge alterations following grafting of fresh extraction sockets in man. A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate dimensional alterations of the alveolar ridge that occurred following tooth extraction at sites grafted with Bio-Oss(®) Collagen. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight subjects with maxillary incisors, canines, and premolars scheduled for extraction were included. The tooth was carefully removed. The patients were randomly assigned to a test or a control group. In the test group patients, Bio-Oss(®) Collagen was placed in the fresh extraction socket while in the controls no grafting was performed. Radiographic examination (cone beam computed tomograms, CBCT) was performed immediately after tooth extraction and socket treatment. Four months later, a new CBCT was obtained. In the radiographs, (i) the distance (mm) between base of the alveolar process (apex) and the buccal and palatal crests was determined, (ii) the outer profile of alveolar process of the experimental sites was outlined, and the cross section of the area (mm(2) ) determined. RESULTS After 4 months of healing, the buccal and to a less extent also the palatal bone plate had become markedly reduced in height. The placement of a biomaterial in the socket failed to prevent resorption of the buccal and palatal bone walls. The cross-sectional area of the control ridge was reduced about 25% and of the test ridge with 3%. CONCLUSION The placement of a xenograft in fresh extraction sockets markedly counteracted the reduction in the hard tissue component of the edentulous sites.
Loss of Neurofibromin Is Associated with Activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3‐K/AKT Signaling in a Neurofibromatosis 1 Astrocytoma

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome, in which 15% to 20% of affected individuals develop astrocytomas. Neurofibromin, the protein product of the NF1 gene, functions as a tumor suppressor, largely by inhibiting Ras activity. While loss of neurofibromin has been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of other NF1-associated tumors, there is no formal evidence demonstrating loss of neurofibromin function in NF1-associated astrocytomas. In this report, we describe an NF1 patient from whom both astrocytoma tumor tissue as well as corresponding non-neoplastic white matter were available for analysis. Loss of neurofibromin expression was observed in the tumor and was associated with elevated levels of Ras-GTP. However, elevated Ras-GTP levels were not the result of oncogenic Ras mutations, altered p120-GAP function, growth factor receptor activation, or abnormal p53, Rb, or p16 expression. Furthermore, increased Raf-MAPK and PI3-K/Akt activity was detected in the NF1 astrocytoma compared with the corresponding normal white matter. These results support a role for neurofibromin as the critical GAP in the molecular pathogenesis of NF1 astrocytomas.
Enhanced In Vitro Maturation of Fetal Mouse Liver Cells with Oncostatin M, Nicotinamide, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Although cells isolated from fetal liver are one of the major sources for liver tissue engineering, it is still very difficult to induce them to fully differentiate in vitro into mature hepatocytes. We therefore investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and oncostatin M (OSM) on differentiation in terms of the expression of various liver-specific functions, because these factors have been reported to induce the emergence of possible hepatocyte progenitor cells (small hepatocytes) in adult rat hepatocyte culture or maturation of fetal mouse liver cells in culture. Fetal liver cells isolated from mouse embryos were cultured for 5 weeks in collagen-precoated plates. NA (10 mM) and DMSO (1%) remarkably enhanced the emergence of small hepatocytes, and OSM also synergistically enhanced the selective growth of small hepatocytes and inhibited the growth of blood cell populations. In the presence of these three factors, such small hepatocytes became dominant in culture, so that they covered almost 60–70% of confluence after week 2. In addition, some of them piled up over the small hepatocyte monolayer and displayed distinctively differentiated morphology, such as the emergence of binucleated cells, formation of tight gap junctions, and possible bile duct structures. Although OSM alone had very weak effects on hepatocyte functions, albumin secretion and cytochrome P450IA1/2 capacity were greatly enhanced when combined with NA or DMSO. This functional observation closely agreed with the emergence of small hepatocytes. In contrast, ammonium removal was strongly dependent on DMSO alone. DNA amount basis functions of fetal cells with three factors at week 5 were 1/7 for albumin secretion, 3 times higher for ammonium removal, and 1/10 for P450 capacity, compared with those of cultured adult mouse hepatocytes. These results show that inclusion of NA, DMSO, and OSM in the culture medium significantly enhances in vitro maturation of fetal liver cells when compared with conventional culture conditions.
Molecular cloning of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase from Kluyveromyces lactis: a single nucleotide substitution in the gene confers ethidium bromide resistance and deficiency in K+ uptake

A Kluyveromyces lactis strain resistant to ethidium bromide and deficient in potassium uptake was isolated. Studies on the proton-pumping activity of the mutant strain showed that a decreased H(+)-ATPase specific activity was responsible for the observed phenotypes. The putative K. lactis PMA1 gene encoding the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase was cloned by its ability to relieve the potassium transport defect of this mutant and by reversing its resistance to ethidium bromide. Its deduced amino acid sequence predicts a protein 899 residues long that is structurally colinear in its full length to H(+)-ATPases cloned from different yeasts, except for the presence of a variable N-terminal domain. By PCR-mediated amplification, we identified a transition from G to A that rendered the substitution of the fully conserved methionine at position 699 by isoleucine. We attribute to this amino acid change the low capacity of the mutant H(+)-ATPase to pump out protons.
Probabilistic Recurrent State-Space Models

State-space models (SSMs) are a highly expressive model class for learning patterns in time series data and for system identification. Deterministic versions of SSMs (e.g. LSTMs) proved extremely successful in modeling complex time series data. Fully probabilistic SSMs, however, are often found hard to train, even for smaller problems. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel model formulation and a scalable training algorithm based on doubly stochastic variational inference and Gaussian processes. In contrast to existing work, the proposed variational approximation allows one to fully capture the latent state temporal correlations. These correlations are the key to robust training. The effectiveness of the proposed PR-SSM is evaluated on a set of real-world benchmark datasets in comparison to state-of-the-art probabilistic model learning methods. Scalability and robustness are demonstrated on a high dimensional problem.
The Social Context of Disablement among Older Adults

Prior research has not adequately considered that disablement occurs within a web of relationships that provides socioemotional resources to and/or places demands on older adults. Drawing on the stress process and life course perspectives, we considered the social context of disablement by examining the influence of marital quality on the association between disability and loneliness among married older adults. Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we found (1) functional limitations were associated with higher levels of loneliness; (2) neither positive nor negative marital quality mediated this association, contrary to the stress-deterioration hypothesis; and (3) positive (but not negative) marital quality moderated this association, consistent with the stress-buffering hypothesis. These associations were similar for women and men. Our findings indicate the importance of the social context of disablement, as interpersonal resources offer protection from the deleterious socioemotional consequences of disability.
Multi-class support vector machines for modeling HIV/AIDS treatment adherence using patient data

As the only effective treatment strategy against HIV/AIDS, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an extremely promising development in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The success of HAART highly depends on patient's adherence to this complex treatment. Recent studies found that poor adherence was a major cause of treatment failure and emerging drug resistance, and thus it is important to understand the factors that contribute to good and poor adherence. However, the discovery of factors salient to adherence is constrained by the well known fact that medical data gathering is expensive and thus usually only a limited amount of information is available. Our study of HIV/AIDS treatment adherence is no exception - we only have data on 33 patients. For this reason, we apply the support vector machine (SVM) to model the relationship of nine patient factors to the level of medication adherence. To establish the baseline performance, we first randomly generated test data sets of comparable sample size and data dimension to the patient pool. A SVM was evaluated using the test data. The SVM was then applied to the real patient data. Finally, a three-layer neural network with back propagation learning was applied to the patient data as well as the test data. The results show that the SVM performed reasonably well and significantly outperformed the neural networks. Our work demonstrates that SVM techniques can be effective in quantitatively modeling complex relationships important in clinical medicine even when the data set size is very small by industrial standards. To our knowledge, this is the first application of a SVM to HIV/AIDS.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY AS AN EARLY INDEX OF AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY IN DIABETICS Dimple ,

Dimple, Nimarpreet Kaur*, Hatinderjeet Singh**, Parminder Kaur Sandhu, Sukhjinder Kaur, Anterpreet Arora*** Department of Physiology, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar, *SHKM Govt Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, **Department of Internal Medicine & EHC, Medanta, The Medicity, ***Anatomy, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar, India
Fitness Costs for Influenza B Viruses Carrying Neuraminidase Inhibitor-Resistant 1 Substitutions : Underscoring the Importance of E 119 A and H 274 Y 2 3 4

Fitness Costs for Influenza B Viruses Carrying Neuraminidase Inhibitor-Resistant 1 Substitutions: Underscoring the Importance of E119A and H274Y 2 3 4 Andrew J. Burnham, Tatiana Baranovich, Bindumadhav M. Marathe, Jianling Armstrong, 5 Robert G. Webster, and Elena A. Govorkova* 6 7 Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas 8 Place Memphis, Tennessee, 38105-3678, USA 9 Running Title: NAI–resistant mutations in influenza B viruses 10 11