Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Response to Elvis' 2015 Critique of the AURA Report "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths"

To ensure progress in astronomy over the coming decades, the key questions are "what facilities will we build, and when? " Toward this end, the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) recently commissioned a study on future space-based options for UV and optical astronomy. The resulting study - "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths" - concluded that a space telescope equipped with a 12-meter class primary mirror would make fundamental advances across virtually all of astrophysics, including finding and characterizing the atmospheres of dozens of Earth-like planets. This ambitious telescope concept is referred to as the High Definition Space Telescope (HDST). In a recent arXiv white paper, Elvis (2015) critiqued a subset of the findings of the AURA study, focusing on the detection and characterization of rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone. In this response, we clarify these issues to confirm that HDST would play a transformative role in the study of terrestrial worlds. Its capabilities for studying exoplanets would be truly unique, even in 2035, and would complement HDST's broad and deep range of exciting astrophysics.
TEACHERS’ ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL SUPPORT PROCESS ON A NETWORKING SITE

This paper is part of a larger study investigating teachers’ engagement in social support process on a networking site. It concentrates on the social and discursive practices of 20 Malaysian English language teachers as they co-construct social support on Facebook Timelines. The main data generated from participant observations were analysed using discourse analysis approach. The findings revealed that the teachers mainly post about negative experiences at school, such as facing colleagues and students whom they perceived as problematic and time pressure. By posting their negative experiences, teachers can be seen to initiate the co-construction of both emotional and informational support with Friends they believe are like-minded and supportive. This paper thus argues that teachers' postings on social networking sites are more than just an account of mundane teaching-related experiences, but serve as a mechanism for them to obtain social support to help them reflect on their practice and cope with the emotional turmoil arising from day-to-day challenges at school. Keywords: Social support, Malaysian English language teacher, Facebook Timeline, co-construction, discursive identity. Cite as: Rashid, R.A. , Rahman, M.F. A. , & Rahman, S.B.A. (2016). Teachers’ engagement in social support process on a networking site. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1 (1), 34-45. http://dx.doi. org/10.24200/jonus.vol1iss1pp34-45
BOTANICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMMON GRASS SPECIES AROUND DIPâ€“TANK AREAS IN SEMIâ€“ARID COMMUNAL RANGELANDS OF SWAZILAND

Communal rangelands in arid and semiâ€“arid areas of southern Africa are the source of virtually all feeds for wild and domestic ruminants. However, the quality and quantity of feed fluctuates in response to rainfall patterns. Little is known about the capacity of these rangelands to support ruminant productivity during the 4-month dry season. This study was therefore designed to assess the botanical composition of grasses and determine nutritive values of selected grass species growing in the communal rangelands of Swaziland at the start of the dry season. Vegetation survey and sampling were carried out in two semiâ€“arid ecological zones (Lower Middleveld (LMV) and Lowveld (LV) savannas). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), minerals, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents were determined. Of the 20 grass species identified in the two zones, 9 were perennials and 11 were annuals. Only 3 the grass species were classified as highly palatable. Grass species showed significant (P<0.05) (LMV) and nonâ€“significant (LV) variations in the DM yield. In both ecological zones the highest NDF level was measured in Panicum maximum and Urochloa mosambicensis and lowest in Digitaria longiflora and Eleusine coracana. In the LV region, P. maximum ranked first in CP content, while E. coracana ranked last. In the LMV region, the level of CP was highest in P. maximum, and lowest in D. argyrograpta. In most instances, macro and trace elements showed variations (P<0.05) between grass species. Grass species collected from the two ecological zones showed great variations in NDF, ADF, CP, macro and microminerals. P<0.05â€“ It was concluded that most grasses were deficient in protein, phosphorus and potassium. It is recommended that protein and mineral supplements should be offered to animals to optimize the utilization of grasses and improve animal productivity during the dry season.
Clinical, economic and methodological studies in elderly patients with dementia and their informal caregivers

The first part of the thesis reviewed the definition of crisis in the context of dementia care and evaluated personal-level characteristics associated with location of death for persons with dementia based on Statistics Netherlands datasets. The second part of the thesis evaluated outcomes for persons with dementia and primary informal caregivers of 2 types of implemented case management (intensive case management [ICMM] and linkage [LM] models) with no case management (control group) by a prospective, observational, controlled, cohort study. The primary outcomes were the Neuropsychiatric problems in persons with dementia assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and psychological health in informal caregivers as measured with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Secondary outcomes included care and support needs, quality of life, and institutionalization. No significant differences in changes in total NPI or GHQ-12 scores between the groups over 2 years were found. Secondary outcomes showed better quality-of-life scores for informal caregivers in the ICMM than the LM. Total needs, met and unmet care needs were significantly less in the ICMM compared with the control group. The economic evaluation provided preliminary evidence that the ICMM is cost-effective compared to groups without access to case management and the LM. The last part of the thesis investigated which multiple imputation strategy was most appropriate to use for missing cost-effectiveness data in randomized controlled trials. We recommend the use of the Log multiple-predictive mean matching with its ease of use and its reliable results related to increased amounts of missing data.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF POSTERIOR DORSOLUMBAR FIXATION IN BAGHDAD: A CLINICAL STUDY OF 100 PATIENTS

Background: Spondylolisthesis describes a condition of a forward slippage of one vertebra over another, which may or may not be associated with demonstrable instability. Spinal fixation is a neurosurgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are anchored to each other through a synthetic "vertebral fixation device" Objective: To determine the demographic distribution of different patient factors and the most commonly vertebra undergo fixation in the thoracolumbar instrumentation. Patients and Methods: one hundred patients were evaluated during the period of this study in a retrospective manner from January 2013 to January 2015 in four hospitals in Baghdad (Neurosurgical Teaching Hospital, Neuroscience hospital, Al-Kahdymia Teaching Hospital, Medical City\Ghazy AL-Hariri Hospital). The patients' data regarding the etiology of instability, mechanism of injury for trauma patients, gender, age, segments undergoing instrumentation were identified. Results: The study revealed female predominance over male: female ratio of 1:2.7 , the age distribution was highest from 3 rd to 7 th decades of life, the etiology of instability was either degenerative or traumatic, the degenerative instability was 65% while traumatic cases was 35%. The neurological status of the patients was assessed by neurological examination and revealed 75% with incomplete deficit and 25% with complete neurological deficit, the most common pathologically involved vertebra was the L4, the most common vertebrae used in fixation were the L4 and L5 levels, the most common type of fixation used was the short segment fixation. Conclusion: Posterior spinal fixation with pedicle screws and rods system is an effective and safe method in maintaining the stability of spine. The intraoperative imaging is important in maintaining safe trajectory of screws. Short segment fixation using the posterior approach with pedicle screw-rod fixation devices achieve good stabilization. The ideal candidates for undergoing posterior spinal fixation are patients with unstable fractures & incomplete neurological deficit. Recommendation: The use of intraoperative neuro-monitoring, use of navigation system, use of fluoroscopy and the O-arm in spinal fixation surgery. Bone fusion is recommended for each patient. Keywords: Thoracolumbar spine, spondylolisthesis, pedicle screw fixation
Cournot or Stackelberg Competition? A Survey of Experimental Research

In this paper, I survey experimental studies on duopolistic quantity competition with homogeneous products and duopolistic price competition with heterogeneous products. The focus is on the papers in which the sequence of competition is endogenous. Experimental studies checking Cournot competition against Stackelberg competition act as benchmarks. I find that while Stackelberg equilibrium outcomes are seldom under quantity competition, under price competition, the Stackelberg equilibrium prediction seems to be more appropriate. However, after discussing the experimental setups, I conclude that some methodological problems are present. Moreover, I make recommendations for further research.
Developing Standards for Language Teacher Education Programs in Indonesia: Professionalizing or Losing in Complexity?

Setting standards for language teacher education programs, liletEI7al5, and evaluation sparks some hope n attempts to improve the quality of the programs. Yet, this very fact augmented by my eaaminaUOn of ten language teacher education programs in Java. Bali, and Lampung (FKIP and PGRI) triggers a critical look at the idea of standard development. In particular, I would like to explore whether it can lead to a better professionalism or we are just lost in the complexity of the standardization itself. This paper consists of four sections. De-parting from an overview of language teacher education programs in Indonesia and the theoretical foindatioils, some major problems in this area are identified. Following this, the discussion is focused on the idea of standard development for language teacher education pro-grams in Indonesia. Eventually, some suggestions are put forth to highlight the need for establishing coherent curriculum framework bridging the two realms of language teacher education and school ini-Iieu as well as providing learners with knowledge base that enables them to cope with complex demands of school settings and more essentially, to act as an agent in the social change process.
Social and democratic participation in residential settings for older people: realities and aspirations

This paper explores some of the experiences of older people living in residential settings (sheltered, very sheltered housing and residential care), in the context of theories of participation, consumerism and citizenship. It draws on material from personal interviews undertaken with over 100 older people in England and Wales, and also from discussions with staff. Two-thirds of respondents were aged over 85. A significant minority of residents expressed some concerns about the routines of life, such as meals and social contact. Staff expectations of social participation were often unrealistic: for many residents, social contact was more a matter of adjustment than of friendship. Residents did not participate in deciding how the residential settings where they lived should be organised and managed, except for helping with simple domestic tasks. There is a need to change both attitudes and practice to enable older people to participate more fully in these settings.
Investigation of the Orientation of CTA+ Ions in the Interlayer of CTAB Pillared Montmorillonite

The orientation of CTA+ in the interlayer of organic pillared montmorillonite prepared by adding different amounts of surfactant corresponding to the CEC of the pristine clay mineral has been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Morphology of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results are supported by the measurements of zeta potentials and contact angles of pristine clay and organoclay samples. From the XRD results, a series of arrangement models of CTA+ in the interlayer of montmorillonite have been proposed as lateral-bilayer, pseudotrilayer, paraffin-type-monolayer and pseudotrilayer, paraffin-type-bilayer and pseudotrilayer for 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 CEC, respectively. FTIR spectrum and contact angle measurements of pristine montmorillonite and organoclays indicated the incorporation of surfactant and the changing of hydrophility in the different OMts. This study demonstrates that not only the arrangement model of surfactant, but also the morphology of organoclay strongly depends on the surfactant packing density within the montmorillonite interlayer space. In addition, it can be also proposed that, the magnitude of surface charge or its distribution on clay mineral might be an important factor for expansion characteristics of organoclay.
Calliphoridae (Diptera) from wild, suburban, and urban sites at three Southeast Patagonian localities: Calliphoridae (Diptera) de ambientes no habitados, suburbanos y urbanos en tres localidades del sudeste patagónico

Species composition, relative abundance, sex ratio and habitat preference of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Caleta Olivia, Puerto Deseado, and Puerto San Julian (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) were studied during late spring and summer in 2004-2005. Results showed a higher prevalence of the exotic species, Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Phaenicia sericata (Meigen) at urban sites over the natives, Compsomyops fulvicrura (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann), which shows a strong preference for those sampling sites either not inhabited or less influenced by human activities. Sex ratio was female biased for all species, except for Sarconesia chlorogaster, which exhibited a male prevalence over females.
Evaluating financial education initiatives in South Africa: The importance of multiple evaluation approaches

Background: Given the low levels of financial literacy in South Africa, financial education projects have a significant role to play in reducing some of the demand side barriers to financial inclusion. Measuring the impact of a financial education project is important to assess whether the project achieves its ultimate objectives, for justifying scaling up and for policy design. However, impact evaluations alone are not sufficient in describing the success or failure of a project. Objectives: This study aims to show that, particularly in a South African context, where investment in financial education interventions is mandated by the Financial Sector Codes, impact should not be the only criterion assessed when evaluating financial education projects. Research method and design: This study was informed by a literature review, a synthesis of team experience on a range of financial education projects in South Africa and the development of case studies. Results: Describing the success or failure of a project needs to go beyond impact and explore factors such as project relevance, design and quality. In order to verify these other factors, different types of evaluations are necessary at the various stages of the project’s life-cycle. Conclusion: Expanding the learning objective beyond the exclusive identification of whether financial behaviour was achieved is particularly important where financial education projects, and the monitoring and evaluation thereof, is mandated. In the African context, where resources are scarce, money for monitoring and evaluation should be selectively channelled into determining project relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and then only impact.
The linguistics of keyboard-to-screen communication. A new terminological framework

New forms of communication that have recently developed in the context of Web 2.0 make it necessary to reconsider some of the analytical tools of linguistic analysis. In the context of keyboard-to-screen communication (KSC), as we shall call it, a range of old dichotomies have become blurred or cease to be useful altogether, e. g. "asynchronous" versus "synchronous", "written" versus "spoken", "monologic" versus "dialogic", and in particular "text" versus "utterance". We propose alternative terminologies ("communicative act" and "communicative act sequence") that are more adequate to describe the new realities of online communication and can usefully be applied to such diverse entities as weblog entries, tweets, status updates on social network sites, comments on other postings and to sequences of such entities. Furthermore, in the context of social network sites, different forms of communication traditionally separated (i. e. blog, chat, email and so on) seem to converge. We illustrate and discuss these phenomena with data from Twitter and Facebook.
European wind variability over 140 yr

Abstract. We present initial results of a study on the variability of wind speeds across Europe over the past 140 yr, making use of the recent Twentieth Century Reanalysis data set, which includes uncertainty estimates from an ensemble method of reanalysis. Maps of the means and standard deviations of daily wind speeds, and the Weibull-distribution parameters, show the expected features, such as the strong, highly-variable wind in the north-east Atlantic. We do not find any clear, strong long-term trends in wind speeds across Europe, and the variability between decades is large. We examine how different years and decades are related in the long-term context, by looking at the ranking of annual mean wind speeds. Picking a region covering eastern England as an example, our analyses show that the wind speeds there over the past ~ 20 yr are within the range expected from natural variability, but do not span the full range of variability of the 140-yr data set. The calendar-year 2010 is however found to have the lowest mean wind speed on record for this region.
Three dimensional kinematic differences between accurate and high velocity kicks in rugby union place

20 Place kicking occurs many times during a rugby union game with more than half of all points 21 scored coming from place kicking. Ball velocity is an important biomechanical indicator of 22 kicking success but it also evident that the ball must be kicked accurately to pass between the 23 posts. This study aimed to identify biomechanical differences in rugby place kicking 24 kinematics when kicking towards a specific target and for maximum velocity. Ten male 25 rugby union kickers performed place kicks in two conditions 1. for maximum velocity and 2. 26 towards a pre-defined target. Lower extremity kinematics were obtained using an 27 optoelectric motion capture system operating at 500 Hz. Differences in lower extremity 28 kinematics between the two kicking conditions were examined using paired t-tests. Higher 29 ball velocities were obtained when kicking for maximum velocity. Foot linear velocity, knee 30 extension velocity and hip extension velocity were also found to be greater when kicking for 31 maximum velocity. Ankle dorsiflexion and peak external rotation were found to be greater in 32 the accuracy condition. The findings suggest that rugby kickers may have selected distinct 33 kicking mechanics characterised by reduced joint angular velocities and a more externally 34 rotated foot position in a deliberate attempt to improve precision, sacrificing ball velocity and 35 thus the distance that the ball can be kicked. The specific findings from the current work have 36 implications for coaches and applied practitioners which may facilitate improvements in 37 kicking performance. 38
Spatio-temporal Soil Quality Assessment under Crop Rotation Irrigated with Treated Urban Wastewater using Fuzzy Modelling

Abstract Quantifying soil quality is important for assessing soil management practices effects on spatial and temporal variability of soil quality at the field scale. We studied the possibility of defining a simple and practical fuzzy soil quality index based on biological, chemical and physical indicators for assessing quality variations of soil irrigated with well water and treated urban wastewater during two experimental years. In this study 6 properties considered as minimum data set were selected out of 18 soil properties as total data set using the principal component analysis. Treated urban wastewater use had greater impact on biological and chemical quality. The results showed that the studied minimum data set could be a suitable representative of total data set. Significant correlation between the fuzzy soil quality index and crop yield (R2= 0.72) indicated the index had high biological significance for studied area. Fuzzy soil quality index approach (R2= 0.99) could be effectively utilized as a tool leading to better understanding soil quality changes. This is a first trial of creation of a universal index of soil quality undertaken.
Age and generational diversity in careers

Until recently, academic research on age and careers had been slow to progress and had remained underdeveloped compared to the large body of literature on gender and careers. However, in the past few years there has been a vast increase in the number of studies of focusing on careers across the life-span and in age differences in preferences towards career outcomes (e.g., Bown-Wilson and Parry, 2013; Feldman, 1994). One explanation behind this explosion of popularity lies in the demographic change which is occurring across the world. Demographic change due to increasing life expectancy and falling birth rates means that the population in most countries is ageing (Kulik et al., 2014). This presents challenges in relation to social security and welfare policies such as pensions and healthcare (Bloom et al., 2010) and potentially leads to skills shortages in the labour market. These challenges have meant that scholars and practitioners alike have recognized the importance of encouraging individuals in the later stages of their lives and careers to remain in the workforce. Consequently, over the past 20 years we have seen governments such as that in the UK legislate against age discrimination and remove the default retirement age in order to encourage the extension of working lives. Alongside legislative initiatives, organizations and professional bodies have sought to motivate and retain older workers, while at the same time competing effectively for the smaller number of younger workers available in the labour market. These initiatives have led to increasing age diversity in the workplace as careers get longer. As part of this, attention in the careers arena has turned to understanding the impact of age on careers, in order to enable employers to support their employees in all age groups in developing a meaningful and rewarding career across the life-span (Bown-Wilson and Parry, 2013). This chapter draws upon existing research in order to examine the current state of knowledge in relation to age and careers. In doing this, it both examines the process of the career and how this might develop across the life course, but also investigates the impact of age on individuals’ conceptalizations of career success and on individual preferences for career outcomes. The chapter seeks to synthesize what is a