Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dust destruction in the ISM: a re-evaluation of dust lifetimes

Context. There is a long-standing conundrum in interstellar dust studies relating to the discrepancy between the time-scales for dust formation from evolved stars and the apparently more rapid destruction in supernova-generated shock waves. Aims. We re-examine some of the key issues relating to dust evolution and processing in the interstellar medium. Methods. We use recent and new constraints from observations, experiments, modelling and theory to re-evaluate dust formation in the interstellar medium (ISM). Results. We find that the discrepancy between the dust formation and destruction time-scales may not be as significant as has previously been assumed because of the very large uncertainties involved. Conclusions. The derived silicate dust lifetime could be compatible with its injection time-scale, given the inherent uncertainties in the dust lifetime calculation. The apparent need to re-form significant quantities of silicate dust in the tenuous interstellar medium may therefore not be a strong requirement. Carbonaceous matter, on the other hand, appears to be rapidly recycled in the ISM and, in contrast to silicates, there are viable mechanisms for its re-formation in the ISM.
The shortcomings of “passive” urban river restoration after low-head dam removal, Ottawa River (northwestern Ohio, USA): What the sedimentary record can teach us

The concept of “passive” river restoration after dam removal is to allow the river to restore itself, within constraints such as localized bank erosion defense where infrastructure or property boundaries are at risk. This restoration strategy encounters diffi culties in an urban environment where virtually the entire stream corridor is spatially constrained, and stream-bank protection is widely required. This raises the question of the meaning of river restoration in urbanized settings. In such cases, the sedimentary record can document paleohydrologic or paleogeomorphic evolution of the river system to better understand long-term response to the removal of the dam. Secor Dam was a low-head weir on the Ottawa River fl owing through the City of Toledo, Ohio, and its outlying suburbs. The dam was constructed in 1928 and removed in 2007 to enhance aquatic ecosystems, improve water quality, and avoid liability concerns. Predam removal feasibility studies predicted the hydrological and sedimentological responses for the dam removal and determined that reservoir sediments were not signifi cantly contaminated. Postdam removal studies included trenching, sediment coring, geochronology, and surveying. The buried, pre-1928 channel was located and showed that watershed urbanization resulted in channel armoring. Incision in the former reservoir exhumed a woody peat layer that was subsequently shown to be a presettlement hydromorphic paleosol currently buried beneath 1.7 m of legacy sediments, mostly deposited since ca. 1959. Today, the river fl ows through an incised channel between fi ll terraces composed of legacy sediments. Additional coring and survey work documented that the channel lateral migration rates averaged 0.32 m/yr over the past ~80 yr, and that the meander wavelength is increasing in response to dam removal. Using sediment budget concepts, signifi cant channel Evans, J.E. , Harris, N. , and Webb, L.D. , 2013, The shortcomings of “passive” urban river restoration after low-head dam removal, Ottawa River (northwestern Ohio, USA): What the sedimentary record can teach us, in De Graff, J.V. , and Evans, J.E. , eds., The Challenges of Dam Removal and River Restoration: Geological Society of America Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. XXI, p. 161–181, doi:10.1130/2013.4121(13). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. © 2013 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. on April 17, 2013 reg.gsapubs. org Downloaded from
A case study of the development of trust in a business relation: Implications for a dynamic theory of trust

We examine and conceptualize the dynamics of trust in business relationships, including its dimensions, processes and determinants, based on an in-depth case history of a 10-year sponsorship relationship between Chinese and Western firms. A contribution of this research is the distinction between trusting attitudes and trusting actions that underlie the dynamics of trust. An analytical framework is developed to show how these two dimensions evolve through distinct but connected processes that are embedded in relationship evolution and affected by different contextual factors.
Headline Salience and Over-and Underreactions to Earnings

If investors have limited attention, then greater salience of earnings news implies a stronger announcement date return reaction, and a weaker post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD) or reversal (PEAR). Using a new measure, SALIENCE, calculated as the number of quantitative items in an earnings press release headline, we find strong evidence consistent with salience effects. Higher SALIENCE firms are more likely to be profit firms, have higher current earnings and operating cash flows, lower earnings persistence, and greater postannouncement insider selling. For firms with positive earnings surprises, higher SALIENCE is associated with stronger announcement reaction and subsequent PEAR. These findings are consistent with investor limited attention, and managers opportunistically headlining positive financial information in the earnings press release to incite overoptimism in investors with limited attention.
Mathematical simulation of a cathodic protection system by finite element method

A computer program was developed, to solve the numerical system generated by the variational formulation obtained by the Laplace bidimensional equation in rectangular coordinates at boundary conditions, Newman's type. The finite element method (FEM) was used to solve the numerical system. Compact support functions were used to simulate inert electrodes under an external current, this support was equal to the electrodes diameter. The validation of the model was corroborated when the results obtained by modeling were very similar to those given by experimentation. Three aspects of interest about cathodic protection were simulated;
Discussing the Effects of Internet Banking on Customer Satisfaction

The present research is aimed at investigating the effect of internet banking on customer satisfaction in Melli bank branches of West Azerbaijan's southern cities. In terms of purpose, the present research is an applicable study and in terms of nature, it's regarded as a descriptive paper performed through a survey method. In this research, the entire users and customers of Internet banking services of Melli banks of southern cities of Western Azerbaijan province are considered and the criterion for this are customers who have activated their Melli card's internet services password. The entire customers of Melli bank internet services of southern cities of West Azerbaijan province count as 34250 individuals. According the Morgan formula, the sample size was determined as 380 individuals. For the purpose of data collection, the questionnaire of Asif (2013) is implemented. Also for determining the validity of questionnaires, suggestions of some of Management professors were also incorporated. For determining the reliability of questionnaires, the Cronbach's alpha was used which was calculated as 0.86 and this, shows that the questionnaires were sufficiently and desirably reliable. For the purpose of data analyses, the t-test and variance analysis tests were used. For determining the relation between the effects of Internet banking on customer satisfaction, the Pearson's correlation coefficient is employed. Results of research indicated that there is a significant meaningful relation between Internet banking and customer satisfaction. Also the results of research indicated that there is a significant relation between demographic variables (age, career, educational degree and gender) and satisfaction from internet banking services.
Influence of the Composition of Coconut-Based Emulsions on the Stability of the Colloidal System

The object of this research was to determine the influence of the composition of coconut milk-based emulsions on its physical and chemical stability. Coconut represents a highly important product globally and its competitiveness is restricted to its commercialization in the form of cakes, flour and coconut oil mainly to the European Community. The search for new alternatives to diversification of products as raw materials for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors represents a potential challenge. Coconut Pulp (CP) was milled with its Coconut Water (CW), separating the Coconut Fiber (CF), which was then dried at 40°C and milled for its use in emulsions and homogenized at 10.000 rpm during 10 min. The surface response methodology was used with a composite central design (21 experiments), considering the independent variables: (CW+H 2 O)/CP (1.5-2.5); xanthan gum (G Xanthan ): 0.25-0.75%, CF: 2.5-7.5%; tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ): 100-200 mg/kg. In addition, dairy serum was used as surfactant and salt. The multiple regression method was used to predict the linear and quadratic terms and the interaction of the independent variables in the models. The optimal conditions were: (CW+H 2 O)/CP: 2.0; G Xanthan : 0.5%, CF: 5.0%; TBHQ: 200 mg/kg, reaching potential -z viscosity (&mu): 741.7±25.5cP, color (L*:67.5±0.7, a*: 3.2±0.2, b*:8.6±0.5), Peroxide index (PI): 0.142±0.038 meqH 2 O 2 /kg, particle size (D 10 :4.3±0.8 &mum, D 50 :323.7±43.6 &mum and D 90 :743.0±65.1 µm) and Total Solids (TS): 19.981±0.303%. The results confer good physicochemical stability in the colloidal system studied, which could guarantee its effective use in the subsequent process, like in spray drying to obtain coconut powder.
Biometric features of facial foramina in adult Kenyan skulls

Several studies have indicated ethnic, age and sex-related variations in the position and size of the facial foramina. The present study reports the biometric features of the mental foramen (MF), and infraorbital (IO), supraorbital (SO), and zygomaticofacial (ZF) foramina in a sample of adult Kenyan skulls. One hundred and four adult human skulls were evaluated for the sizes, positions, multiplicity, symmetry and geometries of the MF, IO, SO, and ZF foramina. Our observations reveal that the MF was present in all 104 skulls. The distance of the mental foramina from the symphysis menti ranged from 16.5 mm to 34.0 mm. The IO foramina were multiple in 5% of the skulls. The IO foramen was positioned 6.26±1.8 mm from the inferior orbital margin and 32.87 ± 3 mm from the superior alveolar margins, respectively. The distance from the superior alveolar process was greater in males. The distance of the MF, IO and SO from the midline was about 27 mm. ZF were absent in 3-4% of the skulls and multiple in 50% of the skulls. Ten percent of the supraorbital passages were foramina; 60% were notches, while the rest were both notches and foramina. In conclusion, the biometric characteristics of the facial foramina reveal variations in Kenyan skulls. Clinicians operating in this area should be aware of this anatomy and dimorphic sexual features when anaesthetizing and operating in the facial region.
Respondent Mental Health, Mental Disorders and Survey Interview Outcomes

Poor mental health and mental disorders are amongst the largest causes of disease burden across the globe, and in developed countries mental illness is on the rise. Studies of the predictors and consequences of ill mental health often rely on surveys. However, there is very little evidence of whether or not there are differences in the ways in which individuals with good and poor mental health engage with the survey interview process, and on their subsequent survey interview outcomes. We examine the associations between respondent mental wellbeing and survey interview outcomes using 14 years (2001-2014) of annual, nationally-representative, Australian panel data (n∼200,000) and state-of-the-art multilevel regression models. We find that individuals with poorer mental health and mental disorders are generally more likely than individuals with better mental health to be deemed by interviewers as being suspicious of the study, experiencing issues understanding survey questions, and being uncooperative. We also find that these individuals are comparatively more likely to experience panel attrition, complete interviews featuring higher item-level missing data, and fail to complete/return self-complete questionnaires. While the magnitude of these effects is moderate, our findings suggest that data collectors, researchers and policymakers need to remain cognizant of potential issues emerging from differences in the ways in which individuals with poorer and better mental wellbeing engage in social surveys
Syncytio-trophoblast pulmonary embolism: cause of death or incidental finding. Case report and literature review

A 37 years old female performed in vitro fertilisation and artificial insemination resulting in a multifetal pregnancy (4 embryos). A fetal reduction was performed at 16 weeks gestational age, by transcervical puncture and potassium chloride injection in the fetal heart of one of four the fetuses. After several hours the state of health of the patient started to decline rapidly with dyspnea, tachypnea and progressive arterial hypotension. The patient died 40 hours after the fetal reduction procedure due to DIC and MOFS. A post- mortem blood culture was evidenced a Citrobacter freundii bacteriemia. The autopsy revealed a suppurative acute endometritis, multiple foci of leukocyte sticking in visceral vessels, scattered hyaline membranes, marked vascular congestion and alveolar edema in the lungs, micro thrombi of fibrin in sinusoidal capillaries of the liver and renal glomeruli,. focal renal tubular necrosis and extensive degenerative changes in kidneys. Syncytio-trophoblast fragments, (IHC positive to hPL and β-HCG) present in the pulmonary capillaries were apparently a collateral histopathological finding. Although the histopathological, histochemical and microbiological data suggested the idea of a disseminated intravascular coagulation in the context of a septic shock syndrome, the presence of multiple syncytio-trophoblast fragments in the pulmonary capillaries cannot be completely dismissed as a incidental finding, having no contribution to the pathologic chain of events leading to the death of the patient.
A statistical analysis of heliospheric plasma sheets, heliospheric current sheets, and sector boundaries observed in situ by STEREO

The heliocentric orbits of STEREO A and B with a separation in longitude increasing by about 45° per year provide the unique opportunity to study the evolution of the heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) on a time scale of up to ~2 days and to investigate the relative locations of HPSs and heliospheric current sheets (HCSs). Previous work usually determined the HCS locations based only on the interplanetary magnetic field. A recent study showed that a HCS can be taken as a global structure only when it matches with a sector boundary (SB). Using magnetic field and suprathermal electron data, it was also shown that the relative location of HCS and SB can be classified into five different types of configurations. However, only for two out of these five configurations, the HCS and SB are located at the same position and only these will therefore be used for our study of the HCS/HPS relative location. We find that out of 37 SBs in our data set, there are 10 suitable HPS/HCS event pairs. We find that an HPS can either straddle or border the related HCS. Comparing the corresponding HPS observations between STEREO A and B, we find that the relative HCS/HPS locations are mostly similar. In addition, the time difference of the HPSs observations between STEREO A and B match well with the predicted time delay for the solar wind coming out of a similar region of the Sun. We therefore conclude that HPSs are stationary structures originating at the Sun.
Methodology for Health Care Process Modelling : Bringing the Health Care Complexity into Health IT System Development

Health Information Technology is recognized as a solution to manage health care and improve the quality of care. However, health IT has only proven its full potential and benefits in specific fields. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology to comprehensively model health care processes in order to define health IT system requirements. The proposed methodology was successfully implemented in a University Hospital in Norway. By applying the suggested three-stage methodology, it was possible to identify the cause for elective surgery cancellations at this hospital. Additionally, the preoperative planning process was modelled, and its complexity described. Based on the conducted work, it is concluded that the design of health IT systems should not be done by computer scientist alone. An interdisciplinary team is required to tackle the idiosyncrasies of care processes.
The impact of the CAP reforms on the efficiency of the COP sector in Spain

The arable crop sector (COP) occupies a prominent position within the European Union’s agricultural sector. Within Spain, the COP sector accounts for almost a third of total Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund expenses, and a half of the utilised agricultural area. The COP sector is not only relevant because of its physical and economic magnitude, but also because of the political attention it receives. The Common Agricultural Policy reforms that occurred during the 1990s paid special attention to this sector. This paper aims at determining the impacts of Agenda 2000 on a sample of Spanish COP farmers’ production decisions by using an output-oriented stochastic distance function. The distance function allows assessing the reform-motivated changes on total output, input used, input composition and crop mix. It also permits to assess the impacts of the reform on farms’ technical efficiency. Results show that the reform has shifted outwards the production frontier and changed output composition in favour of voluntary set aside land. With respect to input composition, Agenda 2000 has induced a decrease in land, fertilizers and other inputs in favour of labour. In addition, Agenda 2000 had a negative impact on technical efficiency.
Decline in blood hemoglobin concentrations is associated with familial longevity

Hemoglobin (HGB) in the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to other organs to produce energy. Calorie restriction has been shown to slow aging and extend lifespan. Thus, we hypothesized that HGB may be associated with human longevity as a link to energy metabolism. To test this hypothesis, HGB levels in the blood of 60 centenarian (CEN) families were measured and its association with age (20-80 and 20-100 years) was studied, as well as the associations of CEN HGB with levels in first generation offspring (F1) and their spouses (F1SP). The results showed no association of HGB with age between 20 and 80 years ( r =-0.097, p =0.160); however a strikingly inverse relationship with age between 20 and 100 years ( r =-0.526, p <0.001) was revealed. After dividing the samples into four age groups (20-39, 40-59, 60-80 and ≥100 years), the HGB in CEN were significantly lower than that of F1SP ( p <0.001). Interestingly, the HGB levels of CEN were significantly associated with that of F1 ( r =0.379, p =0.015) but not with F1SP ( r =0.022, p =0.451), suggesting that HGB could be a heritable phenotype. Furthermore, the genes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ), nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 1 ( NR2C1 ) and NR2C2 were differentially expressed in CEN when compared to F1SP, which may likely be responsible for the changes in HGB levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that HGB is a heritable phenotype which associates with familial longevity. Key words: aging; longevity; hemoglobin; centenarian; energy metabolism Received: August 13, 2015; Revised: September 30, 2015; Accepted: October 5, 2015; Published online: May 9, 2016
Dimensions and dynamics of microfinance membership overlap - a micro study from Bangladesh

The microfinance market of Bangladesh is getting rapidly crowded. In certain areas there is also quite high incidence of households taking loans from a number of microfinance providers. Why is this happening? How does it affect the providers? What should be done? These are some of the questions that this paper begins to address based on data collected from BRAC's operations in Tangail. We find that a number of crises often gives rise to an urgent need for lump sums of cash, and this is why households often need access to several loan sources. Though repayment irregularity is found to be on the increase, somehow it is being managed from turning into a major default problem, suggesting a level of in-built resilience of the system. This needs further research. In terms of what should be done, we chalk a broad agenda consisting of better information-sharing mechanisms and developing better risk-responsive financial products. In this sense, the phenomenon of multiple microfinance membership is as much an oppor.
The C and N abundances in disk stars

Abundance analysis of carbon and nitrogen has been performed for a sample of 90 F and G type mainsequence disk stars with a metallicity range of -1.0 < [Fe/H] < +0.2 using the Cl and N I lines. We confirm a moderate carbon excess in the most metal-poor disk dwarfs found in previous investigations. Our results suggest that carbon is enriched by superwinds of metal-rich massive stars at the beginning of the disk evolution, while a significant amount of carbon is contributed by low-mass stars in the late stage. The observed behavior of [N/Fe] is about solar in the disk stars, irrespective of the metallicity. This result suggests that nitrogen is produced mostly by intermediate-mass stars.
Model-Based Business Cycle and Financial Cycle Decomposition for Europe and the U.S.

We develop a multivariate unobserved components model to extract business cycle and financial cycle indicators from a panel of economic and financial time series of four large developed economies. Our model is flexible and allows for the inclusion of cycle components in different selections of economic variables with different scales and with possible phase shifts. We find clear evidence of the presence of a financial cycle with a length that is approximately twice the length of a regular business cycle. Moreover, cyclical movements in credit related variables largely depend on the financial cycle, and only marginally on the business cycle. Property prices appear to have their own idiosyncratic dynamics and do not substantially load on business or financial cycle components. Systemic surveillance policies should therefore account for the different dynamic components in typical macro financial variables.
Impact of Bank Credit on the Real Sector: Evidence from Nigeria

The paper examines the impact of bank credit to output growth in the manufacturing and agricultural sub sectors of the economy over the period 1980-2010. Using the error correction modeling techniques, the results show that bank credit has significant impact on manufacturing output growth both in the short run and long run but not in the agricultural sub sector. Inflation and exchange rate depreciation have negative effects on manufacturing output growth in both short run and long run. To boost output growth in the real sector, more bank credit should be made available to the real sector especially the manufacturing sector. Also, inflation should be kept low while the value of the domestic currency should be strengthened.