Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Transport of Yeast Proteasomes

Proteasomes are conserved protease complexes enriched in the nuclei of dividing yeast cells, a major site for protein degradation. If yeast cells do not proliferate and transit to quiescence, metabolic changes result in the dissociation of proteasomes into proteolytic core and regulatory complexes and their sequestration into motile cytosolic proteasome storage granuli. These granuli rapidly clear with the resumption of growth, releasing the stored proteasomes, which relocalize back to the nucleus to promote cell cycle progression. Here, I report on three models of how proteasomes are transported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus of yeast cells. The first model applies for dividing yeast and is based on the canonical pathway using classical nuclear localization sequences of proteasomal subcomplexes and the classical import receptor importin/karyopherin αβ. The second model applies for quiescent yeast cells, which resume growth and use Blm10, a HEAT-like repeat protein structurally related to karyopherin β, for nuclear import of proteasome core particles. In the third model, the fully-assembled proteasome is imported into the nucleus. Our still marginal knowledge about proteasome dynamics will inspire the discussion on how protein degradation by proteasomes may be regulated in different cellular compartments of dividing and quiescent eukaryotic cells.
Induction Drives Diagnosis by Signal Injection: Effectiveness and Severity Classification

The "signal injection technique" introduced to realize speed sensorless induction drive exploiting rotor asymmetry effects, is an attractive procedure for diagnostic purposes as well. At first it was proposed as alternative technique to detect rotor damage, then its use has been extended to stator short circuit detection. An important issue is the possibility to state the fault severity, linking the amplitude of the novel spectral components induced by the injected signal to the fault entity, avoiding the dumping action of the regulator. In this paper the signal injection technique for rotor bar breakage diagnosis and stator short circuit detection is investigated and compared with the classical MCSA procedures. Simple machine models are presented that allow to state relationships between the fault entity and the amplitude of specific spectrum lines in stator current or current space vector. Experiments and theoretical analysis show that for broken bars this technique has some advantages with respect to MCSA. On the contrary in case of stator short circuits the signal injection techniques is not suitable for diagnostic purposes, being the specific line amplitude only partially affected by the fault
Reconfiguration, restructuring and firm performance: Dynamic capabilities and environmental dynamism

Research summary: Reorganization has been proposed as a key dynamic capability. This study compares the performance outcomes of two forms of reorganization, differing in their pervasiveness: organizational restructuring and organizational reconfiguration. Our dynamic panel data analysis of large U.S. corporations between 1985 and 2004 finds contrasting performance outcomes for these two forms of reorganization: in general, the more pervasive restructuring is associated with positive performance outcomes, while the more limited reconfiguration is associated with negative performance outcomes. However, outcomes vary by environment. Consistent with dynamic capabilities theory, we find evidence that in dynamic environments reconfiguration outcomes turn positive, while restructuring outcomes turn negative. We discuss implications for dynamic capabilities theory and managerial policy. Managerial summary: Firms need to reorganize in order to adapt to change. This study compares the financial performance consequences of two forms of reorganization: organizational restructurings and organizational reconfigurations. Restructurings involve fundamental change in organizational principles and are typically irregular; reconfigurations involve incremental change and are frequent. Examining a set of large U.S. corporations, we find these two forms of reorganization have contrasting financial consequences, depending on context. In the general case, fundamental restructurings have positive consequences, while incremental reconfigurations have negative consequences. However, this general result reverses in specifically dynamic environments, where reconfigurations are positive financially, while restructurings are negative. We conclude that the relative frequency of reconfigurations helps adaptation in dynamic environments. Managers should choose forms of reorganization according to the rate of environmental change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machine learning support for kidney transplantation decision making

Organ transplantation is a highly complex decision process that requires expert decisions. The major problem in a transplantation procedure is the possibility of the receiver's immune system attack and destroy the transplanted tissue. It is therefore of capital importance to find a donor with the highest possible compatibility with the receiver, and thus reduce rejection. Finding a good donor is not a straight-forward task because a complex network of relations exists between the immunological and the clinical variables that influence the receiver's acceptance of the transplanted organ. Currently the process of analysis of these variables involves a careful study by the clinical transplant team. The number and complexity of causal dependencies among variables make the manual process very slow. In this paper we assess the usefulness of Machine Learning algorithms as a tool to improve and speed up the decisions of a transplant team. We achieve that objective by analysing past real cases and constructing models as set of rules. Such models are accurate and understandable by experts.
The influence of surface roughness and coating on the impulse breakdown voltage in SF/sub 6/

The surface roughness of SF/sub 6/ insulated systems has a significant influence on the breakdown voltage, especially at high gas pressures. Small surface irregularities can reduce the breakdown voltage. A thin dielectric coating could be a possible remedy. To evaluate the influence of rough surfaces, with and without dielectric coating, the distribution function of the breakdown voltage is of interest. Low probability quantiles and the influence of the first breakdown are relevant for designing GIS systems. This paper deals with the probability function of the impulse breakdown voltage of aluminum electrodes with different surface roughness, with and without dielectric coating, in SF/sub 6/. A hemisphere-plane arrangement at an SF/sub 6/ pressure of 0.5 MPa was investigated. The half sphere was covered with a thin epoxy resin coating. The plane electrode is polished and uncoated. The surface roughness and coating thickness were varied and the cumulative frequency functions of the breakdown voltage for positive and negative lightning impulse were measured.
Deterministic and stochastic multi-mode multi-dimensional systems with application to switched systems with delay

The dynamics of hybrid systems with mode dynamics of different dimensions is described. The first part explores structural properties of such multi-mode multidimensional (M3D) systems. The second part considers such models under sequential switching at random times. More specifically, the backward Kolmogorov equation is derived. This is applied to a causally restricted hybrid system containing a mode with delay. Causal restriction is necessitated by the condition ̇ ≤ 1 which must be imposed on systems with timevariant delay, τ (t).
Differential effect of the low-molecular-weight heparin, dalteparin, and unfractionated heparin on microvascular endothelial cell hemostatic properties.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Heparins, including unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), are glycosaminoglycans that are largely used as anti-thrombotic drugs. While the mechanisms of their anticoagulant actions in blood have been extensively studied, their effects on the hemostatic properties of the endothelium are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the antithrombotic effects of a LMWH, i.e. dalteparin, with UFH on both microvascular (human microvascular endothelial cells [HMEC-1]) and macrovascular (human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVEC]) endothelial cells. DESIGN AND METHODS Endothelial cells were incubated with dalteparin or UFH and exposed to an inflammatory stimulus (i.e. lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). The following parameters were evaluated: tissue factor (TF procoagulant activity, antigen and mRNA), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and thrombomodulin (TM). RESULTS In HMEC-1 and HUVEC, both heparins inhibited LPS-induced endothelial cell TF expression. However, in HMEC-1, dalteparin was significantly more effective than UFH. Both heparins increased TFPI antigen release in HMEC-1 and HUVEC. Dalteparin also reversed LPS-induced reduction of TM in HMEC-1, while UFH did not. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS These data show that both dalteparin and UFH suppress inflammatory-mediated TF expression and increase the anticoagulant properties of macro- and micro-vascular endothelial cells. However, dalteparin has significantly greater effects than UFH in the microvascular endothelium, a site that plays a central role in many processes involved in inflammation and thrombosis.
The Effects of Distant Cardiac Electrical Events on Local Activation in Unipolar Epicardial Electrograms

The effect of potentials generated during depolarization of the left ventricle on epicardial unipolar electrograms recorded from the right ventricle was studied using the right ventricular isolation procedure. This surgical technique disrupts electrical conduction and prevents activation wavefronts from propagating between the ventricles. Following the procedure, the ventricles were paced asynchronously with the left ventricle paced 100 ms before the right ventricle to geparate the electrogram into its local (due to depolarization of the right ventricle) and distant (due to depolarization of the left ventricle) components or with an interval of 20 ms or less between pacing the ventricles to mimic electrograms resulting from normal (synchronous) activration. Electrical activity in the left ventricle significantly affected the magnitude of the slope of the most rapid deflection and the timing of the maximum and minimum potentials of right ventricular unipolar electrograms. However, distant activity did not significantly alter the timing of the fastest 1 ms downstroke. No electrograms of distant components had negative slopes with magnitudes greater than 1.3 mV/ms, nor did any slopes of electrograms containing only local components have magnitudes less than 1.5 mV/ms. Simulated electrograms, calculated from the local and distant components, correlated well (r = 0.83 to 1.00, N = 48) with electrograms recorded during synchronous pacing.
Prognosis following dental implant treatment under general anesthesia in patients with special needs

Background This study retrospectively investigated outcomes following dental implantation in patients with special needs who required general anesthesia to enable treatment. Methods Patients underwent implant treatment under general anesthesia at the Clinic for the Disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital between January 2004 and June 2017. The study analyzed medical records and radiographs. Implant survival rates were calculated by applying criteria for success or failure. Results Of 19 patients in the study, 8 were males and 11 were females, with a mean age of 32.9 years. The patients included 11 with mental retardation, 3 with autism, 2 with cerebral palsy, 2 with schizophrenia, and 1 with a brain disorder; 2 patients also had seizure disorders. All were incapable of oral self-care due to serious cognitive impairment and could not cooperate with normal dental treatment. A total of 27 rounds of general anesthesia and 1 round of intravenous sedation were performed for implant surgery. Implant placement was performed in 3 patients whose prosthesis records could not be found, while 3 other patients had less than 1 year of follow-up after prosthetic treatment. When the criteria for implant success or failure were applied in 13 remaining patients, 3 implant failures occurred in 59 total treatments. The cumulative survival rate of implants over an average of 43.3 months (15-116 months) was 94.9%. Conclusions For patients with severe cognitive impairment who are incapable of oral self-care, implant treatment under general anesthesia showed a favorable prognosis.
Accessibility and Agglomeration: Discrete-Choice Models of Employment Location by Industry Sector

This paper reports on the design, specification and empirical results of a discrete choice employment location model for the Greater Wasatch Front Region of Utah, which includes Salt Lake City, using 150 by 150 meter grid cells as the units of analysis. The employment location model is a component of the UrbanSim model system, which also includes model components for residential location, real estate development, and land prices. The employment location model simulates employers choosing locations to place new jobs or jobs that are moving using location characteristics. Parcel and business establishment data were geo-coded to grid cells in order to derive spatial measures describing the real estate and land use composition of the location and its neighborhood, site characteristics such as proximity to highways and arterials, local agglomeration effects of proximity to employment by sector, and regional access measures incorporating the composite utility of travel to population. Estimation results confirm the significance of site characteristics such as density and proximity to freeways, accessibility to labor force and consumers, and to nodes of regional significance such as the central business district of Salt Lake City and the regional airport. Results also show complex patterns of agglomeration, or clustering of employment within and between industry sectors. TRB 2003 Annual Meeting CD-ROM Original paper submittal – not revised by author. Waddell and Ulfarsson 2
Do Conflicts Create Poverty Traps? Asset Losses and Recovery for Displaced Households in Colombia

Internal conflicts entail large asset losses for certain segments in the civilian population. Asset losses may compromise the future welfare of households, thus leaving a legacy of structural poverty that is difficult to overcome. The purpose of this article is to analyze how asset losses occur during internal conflicts and the process of asset accumulation following the initial shock. To do this, we concentrate on a particularly vulnerable group of victims of war—the displaced population in Colombia. In achieving our objective, we adopt quantitative and qualitative approaches by: (i) providing a detailed description of losses stemming from forced displacement; (ii) analyzing qualitative evidence so as to understand the asset recovery processes for the displaced population; and (iii) estimating OLS, Instrumental Variable and quartile regressions in order to identify the determinants of asset losses stemming from forced displacement, and asset accumulation following the initial shock. The results indicate that recuperating asset losses or accumulating new assets is a rare event; only 25 percent of households are able to recover their original asset base, while asset ownership still seems insufficient for overcoming poverty. In addition, displaced households do not catch up even as settlement at destination sites consolidates. Therefore, unless a positive intervention is implemented, displaced households become locked in a low income trajectory, and are unlikely to leap forward to a high return asset level.
Randomizing survey question order vs. grouping questions by construct: an empirical test of the impact on apparent reliabilities and links to related constructs

There has been a quiet debate about the proper way to design a questionnaire when multiple questions measure each construct. Two general arguments favor intermixing the questions randomly with those of other constructs; one argument favors grouping together questions that measure a single construct. This study tests these arguments using two different versions of a Web quality instrument. One version has questions grouped and labeled, and the other has questions randomly intermixed. Six hundred and three undergraduate students filled out questionnaires, half in each condition. Several different analyses suggest that the grouped question treatment has higher calculated Cronbach's alpha reliabilities than intermixed questions, but is actually less reliable.
Optimal Sourcing with Ambiguously Correlated Suppliers

We present a comprehensive study for the optimal sourcing strategy of a firm where the market selling price is endogenously determined by the total output and suppliers face correlated disruptions that are difficult to estimate. We develop a distributionally robust (DR) model for a single group of correlated suppliers that maximizes the firms' expected profit under the worst-case disruption distribution. Our model only requires the marginal disruption probabilities and accommodates both yield and capacity uncertainty. We derive simple expressions that allow the firm to eliminate less reliable suppliers on the combined basis of cost and reliability when yield is uncertain. In the case capacity uncertainty, we show the cheapest supplier influences the orders placed with more reliable suppliers, if the cheapest supplier receives no order. We incorporate the DR model in a more general model where the available suppliers are grouped based on common sources of vulnerability. This model accommodates cases where correlations exist between all or no suppliers as special cases. The model allows decision-makers to tailor the sourcing strategy based on their risk tolerance. We introduce new measures for supplier efficiency that accounts for both supplier costs and reliabilities. These measures are incorporated in a solution procedure that provides the optimal supplier selection and order allocation. The measure of efficiency serves as an extension of the commonly cited insight that "cost is an order qualifier and reliability is an order winner" for the case of correlated suppliers. We end the paper by studying the impact of buyer competition on the optimal sourcing strategy. We present equilibrium solutions for cases of symmetric information and study the information sharing behavior of a better-informed firm under information asymmetry.
Lovastatin may reduce the risk of erectile dysfunction following radiation therapy for prostate cancer

reported. Yoshida et al. developed and validated the UBTAT-tool and correlated it to radiation-induced morbidity by RTOG score [3]. UBTAT measurements correlated with late toxicity grades. Skin and subcutaneous endpoints were pooled, and it is unknown if the UBTAT-tool can distinguish between these endpoints. Zhou et al. found two US measures from subcutaneous tissue in women treated with RT for early breast cancer being significantly different between irradiated and contralateral breast. Findings were not correlated to a clinical assessment of radiation-induced morbidity [5]. To our knowledge, our pilot study is the first to consider both induration and edema, but has a small sample size and an inadequate protocol for data acquisition of density measures in edematous patients. We found the largest difference in dermis thickness of 1.61 mm in patients with grade 2 induration combined with edema, whereas the lowest of 0.35 mm was for patients with grade 1 induration and without edema, although the latter was not statistically significant. Regression analysis showed a significant effect of edema, increasing dermis thickness with a mean 1.01 mm when present versus not present. The effect of induration alone remains inconclusive. Presently, we do not see US/HFUS evaluation of the skin as a part of large-scale follow-up routines in the assessment of radiation-induced morbidity. Data from the present study and the literature confirm a measurable skin (dermis ± epidermis) thickness difference present between irradiated and nonirradiated breast after RT, which is partly caused by edema. What we still seek is a reliable discriminative quality between radiation-induced morbidity endpoints and their grades. This would enable inter-individual and -institutional quality assurance and serve as an objective marker in future trials testing new regimens in treatment of radiation-induced morbidity of the skin.
A phase I, open-label, single-dose, mass balance study of 14C-labeled abiraterone acetate in healthy male subjects

1. Metabolic disposition of 14C-abiraterone acetate (AA), a prodrug of abiraterone was assessed in a phase I, open-label, single-dose (1000 mg, approximately 100 μCi) study in healthy males (18–55 years, N = 8). Blood, urine, and faecal samples were obtained at specified timepoints for determination of abiraterone concentrations in the plasma, total radioactivity (TR), and the metabolite profile. 2. Most plasma AA concentrations were below the limit of quantification. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of abiraterone was 10.4 ng/mL, mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from 0 to the last measurable plasma concentration (AUC0–last) was 74.8 ng·h/mL. The exposures for TR in plasma (Cmax = 3429 ng·eq/mL; AUC0–last = 26,683 ng eq·h/mL) and whole blood (Cmax = 1836 ng·eq/mL; AUC0–last = 12,162 ng·eq·h/mL) were >300-fold higher than abiraterone exposure in plasma. The majority of TR resided in the plasma compartment of blood. 3. Main circulating metabolites were abiraterone sulfate and N-oxide abiraterone sulfate. The main metabolite excreted in urine was N-oxide abiraterone sulfate (4.22% of TR). Major components of TR in faeces were unchanged AA (55.3% of TR) and abiraterone (22.3% of TR). Mean recovery of TR in faeces was 87.9%, indicating faeces as primary route of excretion.
Intrusion detection in SCADA systems by traffic periodicity and telemetry analysis

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is a vital component of critical infrastructures (CIs). However, most protocols in SCADA systems lack either authentication or integrity checking mechanisms, which makes them extremely vulnerable to cyber attacks when increasingly more SCADA systems are connected with external networks. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been proposed to enhance the system security, but few of them can effectively resist response injection and denial of service attacks at the same time. In this paper we present an IDS named PT-IDS to fill this gap by investigating the periodicity and telemetry patterns of network traffic within typical SCADA systems. Firstly, we analyze the periodicity characteristics in SCADA networks and classify them into four categories through designing an analyzer algorithm. Furthermore, in order to effectively detect response injection attacks, we design an auxiliary module to analyze the network telemetry pattern. Results from both modules are considered simultaneously to promote the accuracy of intrusion detection, especially for denial of service attacks. Beyond that, our proposed system can give alarm reports including both warnings and matching severity information. The time complexity of both analyzer algorithms is polynomial and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our IDS mechanism.