Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer Vaccination, Will You Have To Pay The Toll?

Cancer vaccines based on patient-derived, autologous immune cells are actively being pursued as a novel strategy to utilize the body’s natural defenses against malignancy. Harnessing the ability of the immune system to fight cancer involves overcoming many obstacles including tumor-specific targeting, overcoming tolerance, and generating effective tumoricidal responses. Co-administration of immune activating adjuvants may hold the key to breaking through several of these barriers. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pathogen sensors of the innate immune system that activate proinflammatory responses to fight infection and initiate adaptive immune responses. TLRs are increasingly being explored in combination with cancer vaccine strategies since they may have the potential to enhance immunotherapy by promoting tumor-specific immunity. This review will focus on recent basic and clinical research on the use of TLR agonists in cancer therapy.
Auditor Quality and Discretionary Accruals: Case of Australian Listed Companies

This study empirically examines the relation between two dimensions of auditor quality: auditor independence and auditor specialization, and the level of discretionary accruals, a proxy for earnings management. This study focuses on earnings management in response to mounting pressure amongst investors, policy makers and corporate governance reformists for mechanism to curb excessive opportunistic behaviour amongst corporate management. Auditor independence and auditor specialization are the epicentre of this analysis as these two factors are considered to be key determinants of earnings management. As earnings management, auditor independence and auditor specialization are unobservable, I use absolute discretionary accruals, the ratio of non-audit to total fees and auditor industry market share as respective proxies. Using 2004 data hand collected from 325 Australian publicly listed firms I find no sig-nificant association between the non-audit/total fee ratio and the magnitude of earnings man-agement. Thus, this result suggests the provision of non-audit services by the incumbent auditor does not compromise independence and, therefore, the auditorâ€™s ability to constrain earnings management. This study also fail to find a firm engaging an audit firm with industry specializa-tion skills has significantly lower levels of absolute discretionary accruals than a firm using the services of a non-specialist. The main findings of this study are robust to various sensitivity checks. Findings have implications for various stakeholders. For instance, there is currently ap-pears to be a preoccupation amongst corporate governance reformists and policy makers inter-nationally to curb the provision of non-audit services by the incumbent auditor to aid in such matters as the reduction in earnings management. These findings suggest this preoccupation may be misplaced and that constraining the ability of firms purchase non-audit services from the in-cumbent auditor could provide only limited benefits whilst increasing costs. In addition, policy makers and reformists need to consider more clearly the costs and benefits of any moves to limit industry concentrations within the audit market. Keywords:Â Â Â auditor independence, earnings management, auditor specialization
Ownership structure, innovation to firm value with the financing decision as mediation

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of the influence between the ownership structure and innovation on firm value, funding decisions as mediation of ownership structure and innovation influence on firm value. The populations of this study are all companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sampling method used is purposive sampling technique, selected 17 companies based on the criteria. The unit of analysis of this study is a data pooling as many as 85 cases. Methods of data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in variance based. The findings of the study were the higher ownership structure does not contribute to the increase in firm value. The higher the innovation, firm value has increased. Rule of the financing decisions is not mediating the effect of ownership structure on firm value, while the financing decisions proved to be a partial mediation as the effect of innovation on firm value.
Money Can’t Buy Me Growth: Making Change Happen in Post-communist Countries?

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) was set up in 1991 with the aim to foster private sector development and to encourage the creation of the market economy in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Between 1994 and 2004, the EBRD has spent over 20 billion euros on loans and equity stakes in private and public investment projects in the target countries. This paper assesses the return on this investment in terms of economic growth in transition economies. The main finding is that Western money can’t buy us growth in post-communist countries – although money does seem to buy market-oriented reform and democratization. Hence, the EBRD has only an indirect effect (if any) on economic growth during transition: EBRD investment encourages economic reforms which in turn translate into faster growth.
Does Higher Education Cause Political Participation?: Evidence From a Regression Discontinuity Design

Education has been considered by political economy and political science literature one of the most important factors explaining political participation: voter turnout, civic engagement, political knowledge, and democratic attitudes. However, only few papers have explored the causal link with contradictory findings. In this paper, I use the eligibility criteria for two loan programs in Chile, that produce an exogenous variation on higher education enrollment, to test the causal effects of higher education and college on two measures of political participation: voter registration and affiliation with a political party. Using administrative individual data from the universe of voters, I find evidence that the relationship is statistically zero. Moreover, the relationship is zero when the data is analyzed by income, sex or by different background measures. A survey from a representative sample of the population allows a RD analysis that indicates that higher education do not cause changes in attitudes towards democracy, political knowledge, participation in demonstrations or in civic organizations, but it does cause overreporting on voting registration.
Effect of Boron and Molybdenum on their Uptake and Yield of Groundnut

In a field experiment on the effect of boron and molybdenum were studied on groundnut for Yield, their uptake by groundnut and their availability at critical growth stages. The results revealed that foliar applicatIon of boron + soil application of molybdenum along with recommended dose of fertilizers were found to be superior in increasing production level as well as availability of boron and molybdenum and their uptake by groundnut over recommended doses of fertilizers alone.
Study on the Relation Constant between OCR and Normalized Net Cone Tip Resistance

Abstract The relation constant method between OCR and normalized net cone tip resistance has been widely used to estimate OCR value in practice. In this study, the method was analyzed for the soft soils in the Bukmyun area in Changwon city and the northwestern area in Incheon city. The relation constant value was estimated in the range of 0.28∼0.33 for the Bukmyun area in Changwon city and 0.49∼0.6 for the northwestern area in Incheon city. The value was max. 90% larger than it from the foreign previous studies. This is not the conservative result so the previous methods should be used with great caution of determining the constant value. 요 약 본 연구에서는 현재 OCR(과압밀비) 값 결정을 위하여 실용적으로 많이 활용되고 있는 경험적 방법인 정규화 콘팁저항치과 과압밀비의 관계상수법에 대하여 분석하였다 . 이를 위하여 창원 북면 및 인천 서북면 지역의 연약점토지반에 대하여 관계상수를 산정하고 고찰하였다 . 연구결과, 관계상수 값은 창원북면의 경우 0.28∼0.33, 인천 서북면의 경우 0.49∼0.6으로, 해외의 기존 연구결과 보다 최대 90% 크게 비안전측으로 산정되어 향후 콘팁저항치와 과압밀비의 관계상수법 사용에 주의가 필요하다 하겠다. Key Words : Piezocone, OCR, Normalized Net Cone Tip Resistance * Corresponding Author : Kim, Dae-Kyu(daekyu@smu.ac.kr)Received March 9, 2010 Revised May 9, 2010 Accepted May 13, 2010
Tree-Ring Chronologies of Downy Oak (Quercus Pubescens), Pedunculate Oak (Q. Robur) and Sessile Oak (Q. Petraea) in the Bielinek Nature Reserve: Comparison of the Climatic Determinants of Tree-Ring Width

Tree-Ring Chronologies of Downy Oak (Quercus Pubescens), Pedunculate Oak (Q. Robur) and Sessile Oak (Q. Petraea) in the Bielinek Nature Reserve: Comparison of the Climatic Determinants of Tree-Ring Width In 2004-2006, 50 trees of downy oak (Quercus pubescens), pedunculate oak (Q. robur) and sessile oak (Q. petraea) were sampled in the Bielinek Nature Reserve. The following chronologies were established from their tree-ring series: OMS of 212 years (1793-2004) for downy oaks well as D10 of 183 years (1817-1999) and D13 of 211 years (1789-1999) for the two indigenous oak species pedunculate and sessile oak, respectively. These chronologies were used for signature years and response function analyses. All three chronologies were highly similar, which points to identical responses to the ambient meteorological conditions. The radial increment of downy oak depends primarily on the amount of precipitation. A high annual sum of precipitation, copious rain in spring-summer in particular, results in wide tree rings. Precipitation in form of rain and snow in winter, too, enhance tree growth by raising the groundwater level and improving the water supply in the habitat during the subsequent spring. Droughts in spring and summer, coupled with high air temperature, result in narrow rings. The tree-ring width/climate relationships at the two indigenous oak species are very similar to those of downy oak. Responses are, however, more distinct and with a higher statistical significance.
Effects of different mean velocity ratios on dynamics characteristics of a coaxial jet

The flow field of a coaxial jet configuration having inner and outer diameter ratio Di /Do = 0.33 is studied for four values of the velocity ratios and m = Ui /Uo = 5.17, 1.13, 0.77, and 0.54. The profiles of the mean axial velocity, of the axial turbulence intensities, and of the shear stress are described for the initial and fully zones. The obtained results show the inner potential core length of the coaxial jet strongly depends on the velocity ratio while the outer potential core for jets having velocity ratios greater than unity seems to be insensitive to the velocity ratio. As expected, the inner jet core length is seen to decrease with decreasing velocity ratio; jets with velocity less than unity develop faster than those with m greater than unity and the Reynolds stress show a zero-crossing in the near-region.
How a Steel Plant Affects Air Quality of a Nearby Urban Area: A Study on Metals and PAH Concentrations

Taranto (in the Apulia Region of southern Italy) has been included in a list of the most polluted sites of national interest because of its large industrial area that is situated near the urban centre. The impact of this on urban air quality has been evaluated by monitoring PM2.5 and PM10 at the industrial site of ‘via Orsini’ and the urban station of ‘via Dante’. At both sites, the temporal distribution and chemical composition of PM, in terms of PAHs and element concentrations, were used to characterize the air quality in the urban area and to deduce the possible and theoretical carcinogenic indices, and thus the impact on human health. High PM concentrations were found to be caused by wind coming from the north (industrial area), and during days when the wind was from this direction the PAH and elemental concentrations (such as iron, manganese and zinc) were the highest of the sampling period. These data confirm the impact of this industrial area, in particular its steel plant activities, on urban air quality in Taranto. In order to determine the source contributions to PM levels at the two investigated sites, Principal Component Analysis was applied to the collected data. Statistical investigations also included PAH and elemental concentrations determined at two other sites in Apulia Region, characterized by traffic and biomass burning sources. These investigations made it possible to distinguish the samples collected in via Dante and via Orsini from those collected at the two other sites, confirming the effects of industrial activities on urban air quality in Taranto.
The Importance of Shareholder Activism: The Case of Say‐On‐Pay

Manuscript Type Review Research Question/Issue This study focuses on the role of Say-on-Pay as a mechanism that aims to promote the efficiency of corporate governance by providing an additional channel for the expression of shareholder “voice. ” Initially introduced in the UK, Say-on-Pay has subsequently been adopted in a large number of countries and it has recently received significant attention from regulators, media, and the general public. The purpose of this study is to review prior literature related to Say-on-Pay and its impact on firm value and corporate decision making. Research Findings/Insights Our study highlights the interdisciplinary nature of research on Say-on-Pay. We also shed light on conceptual gaps and empirical discrepancies in prior studies, indicating that many questions linked to Say-on-Pay and its importance for the executive pay-setting process remain largely unanswered. Theoretical/Academic Implications At a theoretical level, we highlight potential areas for development of the existing theoretical framework for Say-on-Pay, which is at present rather limited and primarily influenced by agency theory. At an empirical level, we propose a substantial number of avenues for fruitful future research on this topic. Practitioner/Policy Implications In the light of recent proposals for extending the role of Say-on-Pay within the corporate governance framework, our findings are particularly relevant to regulators. More thought is needed about changing its nature from advisory to binding, as the degree of its effectiveness and the dynamics of the voting process are still unclear. Our study could also be informative for the media and the general public, especially given the increasing attention afforded to Say-on-Pay.
Antecedent Conditions for Leveraging Intellectual Capital: A Contingency Perspective

In the new global economy, leveraging intellectual capital (IC), in a manner in which such competitive advantage would gained and sustained, has become a central issue. Drawing primarily on contingency theory, this paper aims to empirically explore the antecedent conditions necessary for an effective development of intellectual capital (IC). In this respect, some contextual factors, namely organizational culture, industry type, and firm size were investigated for their potential impact on IC. The paper reports the results of a study carried out in Iran through a questionnaire survey of Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) in 128 companies within Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Partial least squares (PLS) was employed for confirmatory factor analysis as well as hypothesis testing. The results of the survey reveal that organizational culture and size could provide some impacts on IC within Iranian public listed companies. While the influence of knowledge-related resources on measurable performances has been considerably examined in the IC literature, little is known concerning the antecedent conditions necessary to leverage IC more effectively. Hence, this paper extends the current IC literature and contributes to the field through scrutinizing the influence of a series of contextual factors on IC. From practical angle, addressing the antecedent conditions necessary for IC may highlight the importance of firm-specific variables and traits which must be taken into consideration by managers and organizations for a sustainable IC development. Such insight could support organizations to remedy the deficiency in managing and leveraging their knowledge-based assets as their most critical and strategic resources.
Toxicity of Field-Aged Permethrin-Loaded Attracticides on Choristoneura rosaceana (HARRIS) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Adult Males and Females

Lethal and sub lethal effects were evaluated in the laboratory on Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott males exposed to an attracticide loaded with permethrin and aged in the field. The effect of pairing conspecific females with previously intoxicated males was also evaluated. In both species a significantly greater mortality of male moths (≥ 95%) was observed 24 h after exposure to the attracticide formulation. Likewise, high levels of knock down (≥ 75%) were observed in males of both species 1 h after attracticide exposure. In females, knock down was ≥ 2.5% and mortality ≥ 3.3% after pairing with intoxicated males. Leg autotomy in males was at least 73% in C. rosaceana and ≥ 41% in P. pyrusana, 24 h after attracticide exposure; whereas it was only ≥ 10% among females of both species after pairing with intoxicated males. Moths exposed to an attracticide blank (permethrin-free) showed significantly lower effects in all parameters (0-3.3%). Fecundity and fertility were also significantly affected after pairing females with intoxicated males. There was no significant decrease in mortality, leg autotomy, and fecundity associated with age of the attracticide. Results suggest a high potential for the use of attracticides against these two tortricid species.
Firm Characteristics and Stock Return

“What determines stock returns? ” Although the answer to this question has been much sought by researchers and investors, most studies to date are empirical in nature and provide a very limited view of the problem. The general findings are that certain firm characteristics do have an affect stocks returns. Among these characteristics, the popular ones studied include market-to-book value ratio, size, and price-earning ratio. However, many studies have found these characteristics to have a negative relationship with stock returns. Nonetheless, some researchers show that market-to-book value has stronger explanatory power than others in specific markets. All in all, there is no consensus on which single or combination of characteristic(s) best explain stock returns universally, leaving interested academics and investors to find out which research settings are best proxies for their situations and which characteristics should be taken into consideration.
Molecular dynamics study of the processes in the vicinity of the n-dodecane vapour/liquid interface

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to study the evaporation and condensation of n-dodecane (C12H26), the closest approximation to Diesel fuel. The interactions in chain-like molecular structures are modelled using an optimised potential for liquid simulation (OPLS). The thickness of the transition layer between the liquid and vapour phases at equilibrium is estimated. It is shown that molecules at the liquid surface need to obtain relatively large translational energy to evaporate. The vapour molecules with large translational energy can easily penetrate deeply into the transition layer and condense in the liquid phase. The evaporation/condensation coefficient is estimated and the results are shown to be compatible with the previous estimates based on the MD analysis and the estimate based on the transition state theory. The velocity distribution functions of molecules at the liquid-vapour equilibrium state are found in the liquid phase, interface, and the vapour phase. These functions in the liquid phase and at the interface are shown to be close to isotropic Maxwellian for all velocity components. The velocity distribution function in the vapour phase is shown to be close to bi-Maxwellian with the temperature for the distribution normal to the interface being larger than the one for the distribution parallel to the interface.
Analysis of small-scale movements of yellowfin tuna around fish- aggregating devices (FADs) using sonic tags

The ongoing ultrasonic experiments of phase 2 of the Regional Tuna Project (Commission de l’Ocean Indien) are reported and analysed in relation to the local environmental parameters. Although 7 yellowfin tuna were tagged during the first three cruises of the project, only 5 of them are considered in this paper, as they were tracked around FADs. Seasonal trends affect the horizontal movements associated with FADs: strong association and homing behaviour during the fishing season vs. weaker association when the fishing season comes to an end and the fish start migrating from the area. The vertical movements are analysed in order to provide a typology of the distribution of tuna in relation to different features (FAD association by day and at night, transits between FADs by day and by night) from which other variables are considered: life stage (juvenile or adult), moon phase and thermal structure.
Individual Differences in the Programming of Rapid Bimanual Movements: Are Two Modes Better Than One?

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 347-358, 2016. One of the challenges in performing simultaneous bimanual movements is to prevent interference from one limb to the other, thereby maintaining spatial accuracy in both limbs. Prior research has shown that when a longer distance movement is performed with a shorter movement, the shorter movement overshoots its target and the longer movement undershoots its target relative to control conditions where two shorter or two longer movements are made. The current experiment investigated the motor control strategies used by participants when performing simultaneous aiming movements combining both different and same distances. Participants (N = 20) made rapid lever-positioning movements (goal time to reversal was 350 ms) in the sagittal plane to 2 different spatial targets (20° and 60°) or the same targets (either 20° or 60°). Feedback about spatial accuracy was provided immediately after each trial. Constant error (CE) was measured for each distance based on 20 practice trials per condition. The CE from the sameand different-distance conditions were compared with separate one-way ANOVAs with repeated measures. Overshooting was shown of the 20° target and undershooting of the 60° target when the two distances were performed together. However, the movement amplitudes were positively correlated over trials in both the sameand different-distance conditions. A trial-by-trial analysis of the CE scores revealed both compensatory and non-compensatory strategies. The results suggest individual differences in how amplitude parameters are chosen for use with the generalized motor program in the control of bimanual
Global Semiparametric Estimation of Long-memory Signal Plus Noise Processes

We propose semiparametric estimation of the memory parameter that controls persistence of autocorrelation in stationary long-memory signal plus white noise processes, including an important extension to long-memory stochastic volatility (LMSV) models. The proposed estimation is constructed from the Whittle likelihood based on fractional exponential (FEXP) models, which is called a global or broadband semiparametric estimation. We establish that the estimators are consistent without Gaussianity. A numerical examination reveals that the proposed estimation works well in finite samples. Finally, we provide an illustrative example of volatility analysis by using the LMSV model.