Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of cholinergic loss on the structure and function of the neurovascular unit: implications for cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Innervation of cerebral blood vessels is important for the regulation of vascular tone and adequate cerebral perfusion. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by a loss of cholinergic innervation of the neurovascular unit (NVU). This loss may contribute not only to inefficient cerebrovascular perfusion, but also to the failure of removal of amyloid-β (Aβ), leading to its accumulation as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This hypothesis was tested by mimicking loss of cholinergic innervation of the cortex and hippocampus in adult male C57BL/6 mice using the immunospecific toxin mu-p75-saporin. Using quadruple labelling immunohistochemistry and 3D reconstructions of the NVU, loss of perivascular cholinergic innervation was observed at the smooth muscle cells and basement membrane in the cortex and hippocampus, with additional perivascular loss at the astrocyte endfeet in the cortex. Arterial spin labelling fMRI revealed no differences in resting cerebral blood flow between control and saporin-treated mice in either the cortex or hippocampus. However, denervated vessels in the cortex, but not the hippocampus, failed to respond to pharmacological stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Further studies revealed a decrease in eNOS expression in the cortex, but an increase in eNOS expression and activity in the hippocampus following loss of cholinergic input. No differences were noted between control and saporin-treated mice in the efficiency of removal of Aβ along perivascular basement membranes in either the cortex or hippocampus. Treatment of TetO-APPSweInd mice with saporin resulted in a trend towards higher CAA load. These data suggest that there are innate differences between NVUs of the cortex and the hippocampus and a difference in their functional response to loss of cholinergic input. Loss of cholinergic input at the NVU may contribute to accumulation of Aβ; however, this likely requires additional pathological factors for CAA to develop.
Network Security Monitoring and Analysis based on Big Data Technologies

Network flow data provides valuable information to understand the network status and to be aware of the network security threads. However, handling the large amount of data collected from the network and providing real time information remain as big challenges. Big Data technologies provide new approaches to collect, store, real time measurement and analysis of the large amount of data. This dissertation aims to provide a system of network security monitoring and analysis based on the Big Data technologies. First, I present an extensive survey of the network flow applications that covers past research perspectives, methodologies, and a discussion of challenges and future works. Then, I present system design of the network security monitoring and analysis platform based on the Big Data technologies. Components of this system include Flume and Kafka for real time distributed data collection, Storm for real time streaming distributed data processing, Cassandra for NoSQL data storage, data processing, and user interfaces. The system supports real time continuous network monitoring, interactive visualization, network measurement, and advanced network modeling to classify host roles based on host behaviors and to identify a particular user among the other users. It is critical to continuously monitor the network status and network security threats in real time, but it is a challenge to process these large amount of data in real time. I demonstrate how the Big Data security system designed in this dissertation supports such features. For instance, querying a network host 24 hours network traffic took 56 milliseconds round-trip. Another usage of the network flow data is to measure the contents and usage of the network. I demonstrate how this Big Data system provides understanding of the usage of anonymity technologies on the campus Internet. Then I present methods and the results of classification and identification of network objects based on the Big Data system designed in this dissertation. Decision Tree and On-Line Support Vector Machine are used to model host role behaviors and user behaviors. I report very high accuracy of host role classification and user identification.
Comparative Efficacy between Intravenous Iron and Oral Iron on Enhancing Hemoglobin Level among Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Iron deficiency was a major cause of anemia in pregnancy. The incidence of large de­ficiency anemia was mostly experienced in pregnancy which can result in general hematological disorders with considerable complications both for the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to com­pare the efficacy of intravenous iron administration and oral iron for the treatment of iron de­fi­ci­ency anemia in pregnancy. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis conducted using PRISMA systematic guide­li­nes. The process of searching articles was carried out between 2000 and 2018 using a database se­arch engine consisting of; PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Based on da­tabase searches, nine articles that met the Randomized Control Trial (RCT) criteria and study we­re conducted in lower middle income countries. This study involved 967 samples divided into two groups of 484 intravenous iron and 483 oral iron. The analysis was carried out with Review Ma­nager (RevMan) software 5.3. The results were assessed for Mean Difference (MD) and the analysis was carried out for heterogeneity. Results: There was a high heterogeneity between experiments (I 2 = 91%; p <0.001) so that Ran­dom Effects Model (REM) was used. Intravenous iron administration can increase hemoglobin levels 0.70 g / dL higher than oral iron administration, and it was statistically significant (MD 0.70; 95 % CI: 0.37 to 1.02; p<0.001). Conclusion: Intravenous iron administration was more effective than oral iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Pregnant women given intravenous iron more quickly reach the desired hemoglobin level target than oral iron. Keywords : anemia, iron deficiency, intravenous iron, oral iron, meta-analysis Correspondence : Fiki Cahya Ningrum. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ningrum.fiki@gmail.com. Mobile: 081­216494956. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(2): 135-144 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019. 04.02. 07
A Case of Advanced Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis Treated Successfully with Nivolumab

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is detected in 14% of gastric cancers at the time of initial diagnosis, with a median survival time of 4 months. A 66-year-old woman diagnosed with cT4a(SE) N2M1(LYN) cStage IV was treated with three lines of chemotherapy for a year. During the third line of chemotherapy, computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large amount of ascites, periportal collar sign, and bilateral ureteral stenosis owing to PM. The tumor biomarkers (CEA and CA 19–9) remained elevated similar to the initial levels. The patient was administered 3 mg/kg nivolumab intravenously biweekly as the fourth line of chemotherapy. Three months after the nivolumab treatment, gastroscopy revealed an extreme reduction of the tumor size, while CT scan revealed the absence of ascites and a well-controlled tumor. There was no immune-related adverse event with nivolumab during and after the treatment, and performance status improved to 0. The patient has been alive for about 2.5 years since her first visit with her sixth line of chemotherapy (docetaxel). We report a case of advanced gastric cancer with PM that was treated successfully with nivolumab.
Molecular Monitoring of Fosfomycin Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Patients with Urinary Catheters in north-east of Iran

range of 0.5-1024 μg/mL. Also, the presence of murA and glpT genes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. Results: Frequency of E. coli isolates was 62.3%, most of which originated from ICU patients (56.5%). The rate of susceptibility to fosfomycin was 85%. Moreover, the MIC of 80.3% of the isolates was less than or equal to 64 μg/mL. We also detected the murA and glpT genes in 77.8% and 22.2% of fosfomycin-resistant isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated a high bactericidal activity of fosfomycin against uropathogenic E. coli isolates. In agreement with similar studies, we concluded that the presence of murA is significantly associated with the development of resistance to fosfomycin. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis, 2018, 6 (4): 112-117.
Warthin-like papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Warthin-benzeri tiroid karsinomu papiller tiroid karsinomunun oldukca nadir gorulen varyantlarindan biridir. Biz bu makalede Warthin-benzeri papiller tiroid karsinomu tanisi alan 45 yasindaki kadin olguyu sunduk. Tumor mikroskopik olarak papiller buyume gosteren eozinofilik stoplazmali neoplastik hucreler ve belirgin lenfositik infiltrasyon ile karakterizeydi. Tumor cevresi parankimi Hashimato tiroiditinde tipik olarak izlenen kronik lenfositik tiroidit icermekteydi. Patologlar bu morfolojik varyanti karakteristik paterni nedeniyle akilda tutmalidir.
Health Technologies for Detecting High Risk Conditions in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

In this technological era, various health technology including media, instruments and tools are created in area maternal and babies’ health. However, comprehensive information about these technology products are limited. This literature review aimed to find health technology in area maternal and baby especially in detecting high risk conditions in pregnancy. Method, this is a systematic review, the articles were searched from two databases including PubMed and CINAHL using several keywords. The keywords were high risk, pregnant women and technology OR instrument OR tools. Inclusion criteria are primary research, English language, and publications in the last 5 years. After the critical appraisal, a total of 16 articles included in the analysis. Result: The literature related of technology divided into two criteria which are the questionnaire development and health tools or devices. None of technology came from Indonesia. The entire technology showed effectiveness in detecting risks, and interventions to improve prenatal care. The target user for health tools mostly health professionals. Conclusion: various health technologies in area maternal in baby health are identified, however the majority of them provided from health professionals. Technology development is needed specifically, in the form of simple and practical tools or devices to assess foetal health with target user is pregnant women with high risk pregnancy.
Ecthyma gangrenosum in hematological patients - a report of two cases

Introduction. Ecthyma gangrenosum is a rare skin disorder which commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Case Report. We report two hematological patients suffering from ecthyma gangrenosum. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from skin lesions of both patients, but bacteremia was present only in the first case. These two cases had different pathogenic mechanisms and outcomes. Conclusion. Early diagnosis and prompt combination antibiotic therapy are of utmost importance in the treatment of this condition. On the other hand, the underlying disease has a great impact on the outcome as well.
Field assessment of SD bioline malaria species antigen detection by rapid diagnostic tests in Mali

Microscopy, the gold standard for routine malaria diagnosis and rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) are required before artemisinin-based combination therapies for malaria case management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several RDTs have been recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for use in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of SD Bioline malaria Ag P.f. test and SD Bioline Ag P.f. /Pan test, two new RDTs for malaria diagnosis, before their introduction to Mali. A total of 736 patients with clinical malaria were recruited from October to December, 2009 in four field sites of Mali. 75 tests were transported and exposed to usual field conditions before use. The tests were performed on capillary blood. Light microscopic examination of blood smear was performed as the reference. The sensitivity and specificity for detection of Plasmodium falciparum were 99.7% (95% CI, 98.7 to 100) and 73.3% (95% CI, 64.0 to 80.6) for the SD Bioline malaria Ag P.f test, respectively; 99.1% (95% CI, 98 to 99.7) and 73.3% (95%CI, 65.0-80.6) for the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test, respectively. The sensitivity for the detection of P. falciparum at parasitemia < 100 parasites/µl were 91.7 and 87.5% for SD Bioline Malaria P.f test and Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test, respectively. The sensitivity of Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test for the diagnosis of non-falciparum species was 91.7% and the specificity was 97.8%. Both SD Bioline malaria antigen P.f and SD Bioline malaria antigen P.f/Pan remained positive for Plasmodium species 2 weeks after malaria treatment. The transportation in routine field conditions did not alter the performance of the tests. Both SD Bioline malaria P.f test and malaria Ag P.f/Pan test were adequate for the diagnosis of malaria countrywide in Mali. Key words: Plasmodium falciparum, SD bioline malaria test, rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs), Mali.
Reducing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) In the Hospital Setting

One third of all people in America walk around with staphylococcus germs in their noses. Two and a half million people carry the strain of staphylococcus called methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that most antibiotics can't kill. MRSA is one of the fastest growing pathogens known today. The United States has the world's second highest rate of MRSA infections, and it continues to rise. As awareness and incidence of MRSA has increased, a call for mandatory test cultures has grown. While these tests are crucial to controlling MRSA, mandating them puts undue burden on hospitals when a well-tested series of steps has proven extremely effective in preventing the spread of the deadly bacteria. With the increase of healthcare associated MRSA infections, much of the research over the past ten years has been devoted to uncovering strategies to reduce the incidence within the healthcare setting. Studies have shown that healthcare institutions can greatly reduce the incidence of MRSA by instituting the following five components of care: I) Hand hygiene 2) Decontamination of the environment and equipment 3) Active surveillance 4) Contact precautions for infected and colonized patients 5) Central line and ventilator device bundles. Many researchers and organizations are also evaluating whether mandatory active surveillance cultures (ASCs) will reduce its incidence. Leaders in infection control organizations do not support mandating ASCs, but do support the practice as an effective way to reduce the transmission of MRS A. As infection control leaders it is imperative to recognize the differences in needs and resources within healthcare institutions throughout the United States. By mandating ASCs many healthcare institutions are obligated to utilize resources on ASCs that might be better used in education of staff and the community. Research has proven the effectiveness of the five components of care in the reduction of MRS A. However, to what extent and how these five components of care are implemented should be left
Autism in infancy and toddlerhood. Investigating infants at risk and enhancing early detection and intervention

To investigate temperament as an early risk marker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we examined parent-reported temperament for high-risk (HR, n=170) and low-risk (LR, n=77) siblings at 8, 14, and 24 months. Diagnostic outcomes, categorized as HR-ASD, HR-Atypical, and HR-Typical, were established at 36 months using information from ADOS-2, Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II. Group-based analyses showed linear risk gradients, with more atypical temperament for HR-ASD, followed by HR-Atypical, HR-Typical, and LR siblings. Temperament differed significantly between outcome groups (0.03 ≤ηp≤0.34). Machine learning analyses showed that, at an individual level, HR-ASD siblings could not be identified accurately, whereas HR infants without ASD could. Our results emphasize the discrepancy between group-based and individual-based predictions and suggest that while temperament does not facilitate early identification of ASD at an individual level, it may help identify HR infants who do not develop ASD.
Verilog HDL

479 VERILOG HDL 11 In this chapter we look at the Verilog hardware description language. Gateway Design Automation developed Verilog as a simulation language. The use of the Verilog-XL simulator is discussed in more detail in Chapter 13. Cadence purchased Gateway in 1989 and, after some study, placed the Verilog language in the public domain. Open Verilog International (OVI) was created to develop the Verilog language as an IEEE standard. The definitive reference guide to the Verilog language is 1 This does not mean that all Verilog simulators and tools adhere strictly to the IEEE Standard—we must abide by the reference manual for the software we are using. Verilog is a fairly simple language to learn, especially if you are familiar with the C programming language. In this chapter we shall concentrate on the features of Verilog applied to high-level design entry and synthesis for ASICs.
Functional outcome of growth modulation of coronal angular deformities of knee using figure of 8 plate

Angular coronal deformities around the knee are common in pediatric orthopedic practice, surgical treatment is needed when the deformity persists or progress after correction of underlying biochemical abnormalities. Corrective osteotomy unlike in adults is not satisfactory in growing children due to potential complications, therefore growth modulation surgeries are preferred in children. Staples and screw hemiepiphysiodesis are associated with permanent damage to the physis and growth disturbances. The titanium-based figure of 8 plates were introduced to overcome growth plate injuries and growth disturbances in growth modulation surgeries.We aim to evaluate the functional results of 8 plates in growth modulation in angular knee deformities. In this study, we had 25 knees in 16 patients with coronal angular deformities, with Genu Valgum in 18 knees (6 B/L) and Genu Varum in 7 cases (3 B/L). The mean deformities were Genu valgum of 25° and Genu Varum of 15°, with altered gait on ambulation. After surgery with 8 plates, mean correction of Genu Valgum was 13° and Genu Varum was 15°. The rate of deformity correction was 2.5° in both physeal surgery, 2° in distal femur physeal surge and 1.5° in proximal tibial physeal surgery. There was no implant loosening, breakage, growth arrest, and physeal bar formation. Three patients had a superficial incisional infection which responded to the oral antibiotics. Two patients developed LLD of less than 2 cm without evidence of physeal injury or bar formation. Growth modulation with the figure of 8 plates is a reliable and reproducible method of correction of angular deformities around the knee in skeletally immature patients with good functional outcome.
The Systemic Treatment of Melanoma.

BACKGROUND The systemic treatment of metastatic melanoma has improved considerably with the introduction of new, targeted substances and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article presents treatment options for advanced inoperable melanoma and in the setting of adjuvant treatment after complete metastasectomy. METHODS The data for analysis were derived from a selective literature search in PubMed and a search for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen or the "programmed death" (PD) receptor, activate T-cells and other immune cells, so that the body's own immune system attacks the melanoma. In unselected patients, immune checkpoint inhibition using nivolumab improved overall survival compared with dacarbazine (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.42; P<0.001). The antibody pem- brolizumab also led to better overall survival than ipilimumab (HR 0.68; P<0.001). Combination treatment with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies improved overall survival even more than ipilimumab monotherapy, albeit at the cost of greater toxic- ity (HR 0.55; P<0.001). Another treatment approach aims to inhibit intracellular signal transduction in the melanoma cells. For patients with a BRAF-V66 mutation, combination treatments with BRAF/MEK inhibitors led to a rapid response in most cases (64-75%). In principle, the novel treatments are also effective in patients with cerebral metastases. In the adjuvant setting, both immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors reduced the risk of recurrence by about 50%. CONCLUSION High-quality studies show that the new substances are clinically effective in the palliative and adjuvant treatment of melanoma.
Determinants and Aspirants of Nurse Migration from Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study from Kathmandu

Introduction: Migration is the result of interplay of many factors, which guide the individual’s decision to emigrate. Health workers tend to go where the working conditions are best. This study aims to identify the determinants and aspirants of nurse migration from Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using interview technique. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to all nurses working at a private hospital who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Majority of the participants were 20- 30 years old (93.20%), Hindu (86.5%), Chhetri (35.1%), unmarried (66.2%), had completed intermediate level (58.1%). Among the total respondents, 93.20% intended to migrate to abroad and more than half of the respondent (62.20%) preferred Australia as destination. The general factor provoking migration was bad nature of politician (98.6%) followed by political instability (90.5%) and non-availability of job (90.5%). The major working condition and social factors provoking migration were occupational security in other country (85.10%) and peer influence (91.9%) respectively. The reasons for migration as mentioned by respondents were education (59.50%) followed by better job opportunities (40.50%), better living standard (21.60%) and family and/or peer pressure (8.10%). Conclusions: The present study concluded that majority wanted to migrate and Australia was famous choices for nurses. Bad nature of politician, occupational security in other country and peer influence were factors for migration. The major purpose for migration was education.
Effects of Prenatal Fluoxetine Use on Maternal Microbiome and Fetal Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Development

Author(s): Kazantsev, Maria | Advisor(s): Hsiao, Elaine Y | Abstract: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used as first-line treatments by up to 10% of pregnant women suffering from major depression. However, the effects of prenatal SSRI use on fetal development are still largely unknown. Serotonin plays crucial roles in the early development of the fetal brain, and the fetus depends on a maternal source of serotonin. In humans, 90% of serotonin synthesis occurs in the gut, promoted by specific microbiota. In the present study, we used a pregnant mouse model to assess for changes in the maternal microbiome, after early prenatal fluoxetine gavage. We examined the fetal brain for changes in the development of the dorsal raphe nucleus, as well as its axonal projections to the prefrontal cortex. Our results suggest that prenatal SSRI use does not result in a significant shift in maternal microbiome, and has no direct effect on the development of the endogenous fetal serotonergic system.