Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HR strategy planning and implementation process : a case-study of the banking sector in Pakistan

This thesis provides a multi-level investigation of human resource management (HRM) strategy planning and implementation processes, through an intensive case study of the banking sector in Pakistan. Few studies in the strategic HRM field have explored the realities and complexities of the processes through which HR policies are planned and implemented in workplaces and the role played by individual actors in the process. The novelty of the thesis lies in the consideration at a conceptual and empirical level of the role of the three main actors – leaders, HR managers and line managers - in the integration, formulation and implementation of HR strategies. Employee experiences are presented to instigate detailed accounts and tap into the top to bottom chain of HR strategy planning and implementation. The empirical findings from qualitative interviews with leaders, HR mangers, line managers and non-managers across five case study banks reveal that these processes of integration, formulation and implementation are dependent on the enactment and actualisation by the three main actors: leaders, HR managers and line managers. Data analysis reveal that if line managers are involved in the HR policy formulation process and are connected to the HR department and top management, this may result in better HR policy implementation. At a conceptual level, the thesis proposes a new ‘Actor-Process Model’ to understand the way these actors are involved in the process, shaped by various organisational, institutional and cultural conditions. The thesis demonstrates different scenarios and possible combinations of the links either being strong or weak and their likely impact on these three processes. It is argued that organisations must strive for a strong link between these three actors: leaders, HR managers and line managers for successful HR policy integration, formulation and implementation.
WHERE INDUSTRY BOUNDARIES MATTER: Individual and Collective Determinants of Entry in U.S. Markets, 1984-1994 Christopher O. Wheat MIT Sloan School of Management

Two competing perspectives dominate research seeking to establish the context most relevant to the entry of firms into new markets. In one of these perspectives, entry is conceptualized as the movement of a firm into an industry—a bounded population of incumbent producers. In the alternative perspective, firms enter into competition directly with specific incumbents—notions of industries as bounded populations simply are artifacts used by researchers with no meaningful referent. Rather than adjudicating between these two perspectives, this study seeks to empirically identify those sectors of the economy where the pattern of entry behavior suggests that producers and consumers may view industrial categories as a meaningful social context. I analyze data on the entry behavior of U.S. public corporations from 1984 to 1994 from the Compustat Business Segments Reports. Using a Bayesian analysis to compare patterns of entry based on industries defined in terms of varying breadth, I demonstrate that while models based on narrow market definitions are more accurate predictors of the pattern of entry than are models based on broadly-defined industries, gains in accuracy are not in all cases sufficient to compensate for the substantial decline in parsimony associated with more fine-grained models.
Some Factors Involved in the Development of a Tubular Process for ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$  Conductors

A process designed to produce Nb3Sn conductors by simply restacking Nb 7.5 wt. %Ta tubes with Cu-clad Sn cores is being explored. Previous work has shown that, in this tubular process, the A-15 compound forms in a somewhat different manner from that in the conventional internal-tin process. It was necessary therefore to determine if this had a significant effect on the properties of the A-15 formed. This was done with subelements containing different percentages of Nb 7.5 wt. %Ta, Sn and Cu. The initial work on single subelements has been extended to include restacks with relatively large numbers of subelements. The critical current density (Jc) of the various designs is reported and some of the factors involved in optimizing the properties are discussed.
A panel study of air pollution in subjects with heart failure: negative results in treated patients

Objectives: To investigate preclinical adverse effects of ambient particulate air pollution and nitrogen oxides in patients with heart failure. Methods: A cohort of 132 non-smoking patients living in Aberdeen, Scotland, with stable chronic heart failure were enrolled in a repeated-measures panel study. Patients with atrial fibrillation or pacemakers were excluded. Participants were studied for 3 days every 2 months for up to 1 year with monitoring of pollutant exposure and concurrent measurements of pathophysiological responses. Measurements included daily area concentration of particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter of <10 micrometres (PM10), particle number concentration (PNC) and nitrogen oxides; daily estimated personal concentration of particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) and PNC exposures; and 3-day cumulative personal nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Concurrent meteorological data were recorded. Blood was taken at the end of each 3-day block for assays of markers of endothelial activation, inflammation and coagulation. Cardiac rhythm was monitored by ambulatory Holter monitor during the final 24 h of each block. Results: The average 24 h background ambient PM10 ranged from 7.4 to 68 μg. m−3 and PNC from 454 to 11 283 particles.cm−3. No associations were demonstrated between the incidence of arrhythmias, heart rate variability or haematological/biochemical measures and any variations in pollutant exposures at any lags. Conclusion: Assuming that low-level pollution affects the parameters measured, these findings may suggest a beneficial effect of modern cardioprotective therapy, which may modify responses to external risk factors. Widespread use of such drugs in susceptible populations may in future reduce the adverse effects of air pollution on the heart.
Understanding organisational response to institutional pressures in information security management : two Chinese case studies

Information security management (ISM) is an issue of growing concern to the Chinese government because of the wide adoption of information systems in society. This exerts different pressures on organisations to ensure effective ISM, which is achieved when organisations perceive and acknowledge the importance of ISM and take responsibility on its efficient implementation and evaluation. In recent years, ISM has also increasingly become a critical issue among organisations. Prior studies have proposed ways to improve ISM by analysing different perspectives. Of these, the institutional perspective has offered a unique insight in understanding ISM organisational behavior under a dynamic institutional environment. However, little research has been conducted in the unique institutional environment, especially with China as the unique type of government. Therefore, this thesis uses institutional theory to explore the relationship among ISM, organisational behaviour, conformity, and institutional pressures in the Chinese context.Intensive field-based interviews were conducted in China between 2010 and 2012 on two selected organisations, namely, Hospital A and IT Company B. This thesis provides multiple case studies of Chinese organisations to understand the organisational strategies in responding to institutional pressures in the ISM process. It concludes that the organisational strategies of responses to institutional pressures are a result of balancing external government supervision enforcement and internal organisational incentives. A theoretical framework of factors in organisational response to institutional pressures is developed, which can be used for further research. Practical implications for governments to improve the efficiency of organisational information security activities are also presented.
Induction of dormancy in groundnut - a review.

The non-dormant character in Spanish and Valencia bunch type is undesirable for groundnut cultivation in summer season where at harvest stage of the crop rains are invariably received and cause heavy losses of produce by way of sprouting of pods in the field. It is more problematic in soil areas where moisture retention capacity is high. A loss of 20-50 per cent in bunch groundnut pod yield has been reported due to in situ germination. The search for investigation of non-conventional methods of inducing dormancy in bunch types to save the produce and to retain the seed quality against the field sprouting are of greater importance. In the Spanish bunch type, cultivars possessing 3-4 weeks dormancy will be able to save the field losses due to in situ sprouting when the mature crop is caught in untimely rains. Thus the non-dormant nature of bunch groundnuts, besides reducing the yield, also deteriorates seed and oil quality. Seed availability is also reduced because of field sprouting. The research on these aspects of induction of dormancy in bunch groundnut to avoid losses during rainy season has been reviewed in this article.
Cancer Survival in Developing Countries

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this cancer survival in developing countries, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Suicide Past and Present—The Temporal Constancy of Under-Reporting

It is known that official suicide statistics underestimate the incidence of suicide, but it is not clear whether the extent of under-reporting remains constant. An examination of coroners' records in Dublin from 1900 to 1904 and comparison with a similar series in 1964–68 suggests that the underestimation was of similar proportions in both series. It is suggested, therefore, that official suicide statistics are likely to reflect valid temporal changes in suicide and are therefore of value for the study of socio-economic influences on trends in suicide frequency.
On Asset Pricing and the Bid-Ask Spread

Amihud and Mendelsons (1986) ground-breaking model predicts an increasing and concave relation between expected return and relative spread, designated the clientele effect. In their liquidity-adjusted CAPM, Jacoby et al. (2000) positively relate expected returns to the relative spread, but with a convex relation. Extending Amihud and Mendelsons model, we demonstrate that the relation is concave and convex for highly liquid and thinly traded assets, respectively. We therefore incorporate the two opposite effects described by the two models. We use NASDAQ data to present evidence supporting the empirical implications. Our results are consistent with Brennan and Subrahmanyams (1996) empirical results. 1Corresponding author, Dept. of Accounting and Finance, Asper School of Business, Faculty of Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 5V4. Tel: (204) 474 9331, Fax: 474 7545. E-mail: jacobyg@ms.umanitoba. ca. The authors thank Yakov Amihud, Michael Brennan, Narat Charupat, Lawrence Kryzanowski, Charles Mossman, and Avanidhar Subrahmanyam for their helpful remarks, as well as seminar participants at the 2001 Accounting and Finance in Tel-Aviv Conference, 2001 Multinational Finance Society Conference, 2001 European Financial Management Association Meetings, and York University. Thanks to Raman Khattar for research assistance. In addition, Jacoby and Gottesman thank Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for Þnancial support. JEL classification: G12.
Effect of topical mitomycin on skin wound contraction.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of different dosing regimens of mitomycin on skin wound contraction. METHODS Full-thickness skin wounds were created in 5 groups of hairless mice, which represented different dosing regimens or a sterile water control: A, control; B, mitomycin (0.5 mg/mL) applied immediately after creation of the lesion (day 1); C, mitomycin (1.0 mg/mL) applied on day 1; D, mitomycin (0.5 mg/mL) applied on days 1 and 3; and E, mitomycin (1.0 mg/mL) applied on days 1 and 3. Wound surface area was measured immediately after drug application (day 1), and thereafter every 3 to 5 days until day 29 by means of computer-assisted image analysis. RESULTS All dosing regimens of mitomycin application resulted in an initially exponential rate of wound contraction that was significantly slower than in the sterile water control group, with a significantly larger wound surface area on day 29. Wound area in the control group contracted approximately 9 times more rapidly than in the treatment groups. No difference was observed among the different dosing regimens. CONCLUSION Application of mitomycin, at the lowest dose and frequency of application used in this study, resulted in improved outcomes with regard to contraction of full-thickness skin wounds.
European integration and global corporate strategies

Part I. Patterns of Integration and Globalisation 1. Globalisation, foreign direct investment and innovation: a European perspective Francois Chesnais and Roberto Simonetti 2. FDI, the pattern of European trade and European competitiveness Francois Chesnais and Arold Sailleau 3. Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: patterns in the EU and effects Grazia Ietto-Gillies, Meloria Meschi and Roberto Simonetti 4. Profits from foreign direct investment: patterns in EU countries and their implications Grazia Ietto-Gillies Part II. Innovation, Integration and Globalisation 5. Innovation and globalisation: evidence and implications Daniele Archibugi and Simona Iammarino 6. Globalisation of innovatory capacity: the structure of competence accumulation in European home and most countries John Cantwell and Odile Janne 7. Strategic technology alliances by European firms since 1980: questioning integration? Rajneesh Narula 8. Multinationals, domestic firms and the internationalisation of technology: Spain as an intermediate case Jose Molero 9. Participation by periphery firms in European R&D programmes: the 'Low R&D trap' Xavier Vence, Xulia Guntin and Oscar Rodil 10. Developing a European policy framework in the face of globalisation Francois Chesnais and Grazia Ietto-Gillies
Differential expression of three different prepro‐GnRH (gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone) messengers in the brain of the european sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The expression sites of three prepro‐gonadotrophin‐releasing hormones (GnRHs), corresponding to seabream GnRH (sbGnRH: Ser8‐mGnRH, mammalian GnRH), salmon GnRH (sGnRH: Trp7Leu8‐mGnRH), and chicken GnRH‐II (cGnRH‐II: His5Trp7Tyr8‐mGnRH) forms were studied in the brain of a perciform fish, the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by means of in situ hybridization. The riboprobes used in this study correspond to the three GnRH‐associated peptide (GAP)‐coding regions of the prepro‐GnRH cDNAs cloned from the same species (salmon GAP: sGAP; seabream GAP: sbGAP; chicken GAP‐II: cIIGAP), which show little oligonucleotide sequence identity (sGAP versus sbGAP: 42%; cIIGAP versus sbGAP: 36%; sGAP versus cIIGAP: 41%). Adjacent paraffin sections (6 mm) throughout the entire brain were treated in parallel with each of the three anti‐sense probes and the corresponding sense probes, demonstrating the high specificity of the hybridization signal. The results showed that both sGAP and sbGAP mRNAs had a broader expression in the olfactory bulbs, ventral telencephalon, and preoptic region, whereas cIIGAP mRNA expression was confined to large cells of the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle. In the olfactory bulbs, both the signal intensity and the number of positive cells were higher with the sGAP probe, whereas sbGAP mRNA‐expressing cells were more numerous and intensely stained in the preoptic region. Additional isolated sbGAP‐positive cells were detected in the ventrolateral hypothalamus. These results demonstrate a clear overlapping of sGAP‐ and sbGAP‐expressing cells in the forebrain of the European sea bass, in contrast to previous reports in other perciforms showing a clear segregation of these two cell populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 429:144–155, 2001. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroendocrine Changes in the Aging Reproductive Axis of Female Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)1

Abstract Female rhesus macaques show monthly menstrual cycles and eventually enter menopause at approximately 25 yr of age. To help identify early biomarkers of menopause in this nonhuman primate, we monitored reproductive hormones longitudinally from aged female macaques during the transitions from premenopause to perimenopause and postmenopause and found that, indeed, elevated plasma FSH was a better predictive factor of menopause onset than age. In a second experiment, we compared reproductive hormone profiles of young adult macaques (8–10 yr old) with those of regularly cycling old macaques (approximately 24 yr old). Indwelling vascular catheters were used for remote blood collection for at least 100 consecutive days, thereby covering three complete menstrual cycles in each macaque. Plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH, follicular phase inhibin B, and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) were determined during each menstrual cycle and were averaged for each animal; group mean differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Old premenopausal macaques showed regular menstrual cycles that were qualitatively indistinguishable from those of young macaques; peak plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, and LH were not significantly different. In marked contrast, peak plasma FSH concentrations were significantly higher, while inhibin B and AMH levels were generally lower, in the old premenopausal macaques compared with those in the young macaques. These data provide further evidence that rhesus macaques serve as an excellent model to study underlying mechanisms of human menopause. Furthermore, the data suggest that an age-related change in FSH, inhibin B, and AMH secretion may be the first endocrine manifestation of the transition into perimenopause, potentially having value in predicting the onset of the perimenopausal transition.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Occurring in a Child

Our thanks are due to Sir Neil Hamilton Fairley, Sir George McRobert, and Dr. J. H. Walters for permitting us access to their case records; to Dr. D. S. Ridley and his staff for laboratory help; and to Professor A. Bradford Hill and Dr. W. J. Martin, of the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. REFERENCES Mazzotti, L. , and Mdndez, D. (1956). Rev. Inst. Salubr. Enferm. trop. (Mix.), 16, No. 2, p. 9. Schneider, J. (1959). Therapie, 14, 63.
Asset Pricing in European Real Estate Equity Markets

The study provides insight into the pricing of publicly traded European real estate equities. The Fama-French three-factor model, as well as unconditional and conditional Fama-MacBeth regressions are applied to a sample of 275 real estate equities from 16 European countries over the period 1988 to 2009. The results show that within the real estate equity market, a significant value effect exists, while no small-size effect is present. Real estate equity returns vary significantly with the excess market return and a pan-European value factor. Moreover, returns are driven by a systematic size factor, although this effect is not as pronounced. The findings further indicate a better integration of the European real estate equity market with the general equity market from 1999 onwards. Consistent with other asset pricing studies, no factor risk loading proves to be consistently priced in unconditional asset pricing tests. However, the study reveals the explanatory power of systematic risk factors, especially beta, when conditioned on both general and real estate market states.
“Hot Issue” IPO Markets and its Consequences for Issuing Firms and Investors: The UK Market of 2000

Managers make use of the fact that initial public offerings (IPOs) are discretionary events to select the time for going public, causing cycles in the new issues markets. This paper provides evidence from five clinical studies during the 2000 IPO market in the UK suggesting that the, so called, “hot issue” markets intensify two other well documented anomalies in finance; the initial underpricing and the long run underperformance of new issues. Several behavioural explanations for the return performance of the studied IPOs are explored. In this investigation, the Rock model which relates the level of short run underpricing of IPOs with the information asymmetry between investors seems to work in its precise opposite due to the intense level of speculation over the issues. This behavioural analysis also provides support for the divergence of opinions model since the observed long run underperformance can be associated with the availability of previous information about the firm. Earnings management through discretionary accruals prior to the floatation is also found to be present influencing the performance of the companies where this analysis could be carried out. The results add to the challenge that the behaviour of IPOs pose to the market efficiency hypothesis.
Evaluating an Order Set for Improvement of Quality Outcomes in Diabetic Ketoacidosis

The timely management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is essential to avoid lengthy hospitalizations and poor clinical outcomes. There is often an absence of ownership for glycemic management in hospitalized patients, most notably in those with a diagnosis other than diabetes. Evidence supports the use of evidence-based DKA protocols. The purpose of this project was to determine whether utilization of an evidence-based order set versus an individualized provider approach for the treatment and management of DKA decreases resolution time and occurrences of hypoglycemia and improves clinical outcomes. Preintervention and postintervention retrospective reviews of the electronic medical record of 150 nonpregnant adult patients diagnosed with DKA allowed retrieval of relevant outcome data. Multiple events provided an intensive orientation and development of health care professionals for a systems approach to utilization of the evidence-based order set. Implementation of the institutionally approved evidence-based order set affirmed anticipated outcomes. Results showed improvements in the (a) total length of stay, (b) arrival to intravenous fluid time, (c) intravenous insulin initiation to discontinuation (resolution) time, (d) arrival to subcutaneous insulin administration time, (e) time from initial to sequential laboratory testing, (f) use of a basal, prandial, and correction insulin approach (physiological mimic), and (g) the incidence of hypoglycemia. Outcomes substantiate the importance and need for maintaining an evidence-based and systems approach for the management of DKA.
Resource orchestration in practice: CEO emphasis on SHRM, commitment‐based HR systems, and firm performance

In order to be effective, managers at all levels of the firm must engage in resource management activities, and these efforts are synchronized and orchestrated by top management. Using a specific type of strategic resource, commitment-based human resource systems, we examine the effect of CEO resource orchestration in a multi-industry sample of 190 Korean firms. Our results demonstrate that CEO emphasis on strategic HRM is a significant antecedent to commitment-based HR systems. Furthermore, our results also suggest that CEO emphasis on strategic HRM has its primary effects on firm performance through commitment-based HR systems. This finding underscores the importance of middle managers in operationalizing top management's strategic emphasis, lending empirical support to a fundamental tenet of resource orchestration arguments.