Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Bilateral and Unilateral Upper-Limb Task raining in Early Poststroke Rehabilitation : A Randomized ontrolled Trial acqui

Objective: To compare the effects of bilateral task training ith unilateral task training on upper-limb outcomes in early oststroke rehabilitation. Design: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial, with utcome assessments at baseline, postintervention (6wk), and ollow-up (18wk). Setting: Inpatient acute and rehabilitation hospitals. Participants: Patients were randomized to receive bilateral raining (n 56) or unilateral training (n 50) at 2 to 4 weeks oststroke onset. Intervention: Supervised bilateral or unilateral training for 0 minutes on weekdays over 6 weeks using a standardized rogram. Main Outcome Measures: Upper-limb outcomes were asessed by Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Rivermead otor Assessment upper-limb scale, and Nine-Hole Peg Test 9HPT). Secondary measures included the Modified Barthel ndex, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Nottingham ealth Profile. All assessment was conducted by a blinded ssessor. Results: No significant differences were found in short-term mprovement (0 6wk) on any measure (P .05). For overall mprovement (0 18wk), the only significant between-group ifference was a change in the 9HPT (95% confidence interval CI], 0.0 0.1; P .05) and ARAT pinch section (95% CI, .3 5.6; P .03), which was lower for the bilateral training roup. Baseline severity significantly influenced improvement n all upper-limb outcomes (P .05), but this was irrespective f the treatment group. Conclusions: Bilateral training was no more effective than nilateral training, and in terms of overall improvement in
Evaluating Optical Proxies of Particulate Organic Carbon across the Surface Atlantic Ocean

Empirical relationships between particulate organic carbon (POC) and inherent optical properties (IOPs) are required for estimating POC from ocean-colour remote sensing and autonomous platforms. The main relationships studied are those between POC and particulate attenuation (cp) and backscattering (bbp) coefficients. The parameters of these relationships can however differ considerably due to differences in the methodologies applied for measuring IOPs and POC as well as variations in particle characteristics. Therefore it is important to assess existing relationships and explore new optical proxies of POC. In this study, we evaluated empirical relationships between surface POC and IOPs (cp, bbp and the particulate absorption coefficient, ap) using an extensive dataset collected during two Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT 19 and 22) cruises spanning a wide range of oceanographic regimes. IOPs and POC were measured during the two cruises using consistent methodologies. To independently assess the accuracy of the POC-IOPs relationships, we predicted surface POC for AMT-22 using relationships developed based on independent data from AMT-19. We found typical biases in predicting POC ranging between 2-3%, 4-9%, and 6-13% for cp, bbp and ap, respectively, and typical random uncertainties of 20-30%. We conclude that 1) accurate POC-cp and POC-bbp relationships were obtained due to the consistent methodologies used to estimate POC and IOPs and 2) ap could be considered as an alternative optical proxy for POC in open-ocean waters, only if all physiological variability in the POC:chl ratio could be modeled and used to correct ap.
Understanding work organisation factors on thoroughbred farms in southeastern United States

There is little reported on the work environment of thoroughbred breeding operations. As a first step toward minimizing risk in this hazardous industry, this study documents farm and workforce characteristics, employment conditions, and organisational and job factors on thoroughbred farms in one southeastern state in the U.S. Data were collected via a phone-administered survey with a convenience sample of management representatives (owner, manager, or human resource personnel) from 32 thoroughbred breeding farms. Farms chiefly employed a full-time, non-native, low-wage labour force that worked long hours year-round, but that was offered numerous benefits. Seasonal workers, also commonly employed, received low wages, few benefits, and experienced low retention. Future research is necessary to determine how the interplay between work organisation factors influences farmworkers' risk of injury and illness as well as their subsequent health outcomes.
The effect of leader member exchange to dimension of readiness for change

Organizational change has been a must for companies in preserving their sustainability. PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia is one of state-owned companies which is now transforming massively both in its human resource sector and business process. The objective of this research is to explore deeper understanding about to what extent the influence of internal interaction between leader and member in organization structure towards employee’s readiness for change. The employee readiness for change itself are viewed from five perception employee’s personal dimensions; appropriateness of the change, need for change, personal valence, principal support and understanding of the change. The result using logistic regression test shows that leader-member interaction (LMX) has significance impact appropriateness of the change, need for change, and understanding of the change. The study can infer that, for organisation, the most important thing to create employee’s readiness for change is to provide adequate support “climate” from top-down to create readiness for change holistically.
Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pediatric Patients During and After Cardiac Surgery

OBJECTIVES. Given the demonstrated benefit of euglycemia in critically ill patients as well as the risk for hypoglycemia during insulin infusion in children, we sought to validate a subcutaneous sensor for real-time continuous glucose monitoring in pediatric patients during and after cardiac surgery. METHODS. Children up to 36 months of age who were undergoing cardiac bypass surgery were recruited. After anesthetic induction, a continuous glucose-monitoring system sensor (CGMS, Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA) was inserted subcutaneously. Sensors remained in place for up to 72 hours. Arterial blood glucose was measured intermittently in the central laboratory (Bayer Rapidlab 860, Tarrytown, NY). Sensor data, after prospective calibration with 6-hourly laboratory values using the proprietary Medtronic Minimed Guardian RT algorithm, were compared with all laboratory glucose values. Statistical analysis was performed to test whether sensor performance was affected by body temperature, inotrope dose, or body-wall edema. RESULTS. Twenty patients were enrolled in the study for a total of 40 study days and 246 paired sensor and laboratory glucose values. Consensus error grid analysis demonstrated that 72.0% of sensor value comparisons were within zone A (no effect on clinical action), and 27.6% of comparisons were within zone B (altered clinical action of little or no effect on outcome), with a mean absolute relative deviation of 17.6% for all comparisons. One comparison (0.4%) was in zone C (altered clinical action likely to affect outcome). No significant correlations were found between sensor performance and body temperature, inotrope dose, or body-wall edema. All patients tolerated the sensors well without bleeding or tissue reaction. CONCLUSIONS. Guardian RT real-time subcutaneous blood glucose measurement is safe and potentially useful for continuous glucose monitoring in critically ill children. Subcutaneous sensors performed well in the setting of hypothermia, inotrope use, and edema. These sensors facilitate identifying and following the effects of interventions to control blood glucose.
The cost-effectiveness of supportive periodontal care: a global perspective.

AIM To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of supportive periodontal care (SPC) provided in generalist and periodontal specialist practices under publicly subsidized or private dental care. MATERIAL AND METHODS SPC cost data and the costs of replacing teeth were synthesized with estimates of the effectiveness of SPC in preventing attachment and tooth loss and adjusted for differences in clinician's time. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated for both outcomes assuming a time horizon of 30 years. RESULTS SPC in specialist periodontal practice provides improved outcomes but at higher costs than SPC provided by publicly subsidized or private systems. SPC in specialist periodontal practice is usually more cost-effective than in private dental practice. For private dental practices in Spain, United Kingdom and Australia, specialist SPC is cost-effective at modest values of attachment loss averted. Variation in the threshold arises primarily from clinician's time. CONCLUSION SPC in specialist periodontal practice represents good value for money for patients (publicly subsidized or private) in the United Kingdom and Australia and in Spain if they place relatively modest values on avoiding attachment loss. For patients in Ireland, Germany, Japan and the United State, a higher valuation on avoiding attachment loss is needed to justify SPC in private or specialist practices.
Should yellow fever vaccine be included in the expanded program of immunization in Africa? A cost-effectiveness analysis for Nigeria.

The cost-effectiveness of preventive yellow fever vaccination versus emergency mass vaccination campaigns for epidemic control remains a matter of controversy. Until recently, Nigeria and other anglophone countries in West Africa most severely afflicted by yellow fever epidemics have followed a policy of emergency control. The effects of including yellow fever 17D vaccine in the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) on the immune status of the Nigerian population was studied under conservative assumptions of vaccine coverage and efficacy. The model defined the age-specific prevalence of immunity resulting from vaccination of infants and from natural endemic infection beginning in 1991 and extending over a time horizon of 35 years. The data were used to predict the number of cases and deaths during hypothetical epidemics in 2006 and 2026, representing the historic periodicity of epidemics. A second model was used to demonstrate that a > or = 60% prevalence of immunity would preclude epidemic yellow fever transmission; under base case assumptions, this prevalence would be reached after 18 years of initiating routine yellow fever vaccination in the Guinea savannah zone, the region most often affected by epidemics. Using assumptions based on data from other African countries, the cost of adding yellow fever vaccine to the existing EPI was estimated as +0.65 per fully immunized child, whereas the cost of emergency vaccination in the face of an epidemic was estimated as +7.84/person. Vaccine coverage rates achievable by the EPI were modeled on recent successes with measles vaccine, and began in 1991 at 60%. The effective vaccine coverage rate in an emergency campaign was taken as 10%, based on recent experience. For an epidemic of moderate size in 2006 (morbidity similar to the documented outbreak in 1987), the cost-effectiveness of emergency mass immunization for control of hypothetical yellow fever epidemics was two-fold higher ($381/case and $1,904/death prevented) than that of the EPI ($763/case and $3,817/death prevented). However, despite its higher cost, the efficiency of the EPI was seven-fold greater in terms of cases and deaths prevented. In large epidemics, such as that occurring over successive years (1986-1991) in Nigeria, cost-effectiveness of the EPI exceeded that of emergency control. The EPI may also play an important role in the prevention of endemic yellow fever. Assuming annual rates of endemic yellow fever predicted by serologic surveys, routine vaccination would significantly reduce morbidity and mortality at cost-effectiveness ratios within the range for other diseases prevented by the EPI, including polio, tetanus, and diphtheria. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Avoidance of Long Mononucleotide Repeats in Codon Pair Usage

Protein is an essential component for life, and its synthesis is mediated by codons in any organisms on earth. While some codons encode the same amino acid, their usage is often highly biased. There are many factors that can cause the bias, but a potential effect of mononucleotide repeats, which are known to be highly mutable, on codon usage and codon pair preference is largely unknown. In this study we performed a genomic survey on the relationship between mononucleotide repeats and codon pair bias in 53 bacteria, 68 archaea, and 13 eukaryotes. By distinguishing the codon pair bias from the codon usage bias, four general patterns were revealed: strong avoidance of five or six mononucleotide repeats in codon pairs; lower observed/expected (o/e) ratio for codon pairs with C or G repeats (C/G pairs) than that with A or T repeats (A/T pairs); a negative correlation between genomic GC contents and the o/e ratios, particularly for C/G pairs; and avoidance of C/G pairs in highly conserved genes. These results support natural selection against long mononucleotide repeats, which could induce frameshift mutations in coding sequences. The fact that these patterns are found in all kingdoms of life suggests that this is a general phenomenon in living organisms. Thus, long mononucleotide repeats may play an important role in base composition and genetic stability of a gene and gene functions.
Vertically integrated nanogenerator based on ZnO nanowire arrays

We report a technique to construct a vertically integrated nanogenerator (VI‐NG) based on ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays. The VI‐NG consists of nine single NGs connected mixed parallel and serial by a layer‐by‐layer stacking. For the single layer NG, the peak output voltage and current are 0.045 V and 2.5 nA, respectively. The VI‐NG produces an output power density of 2.8 nW/cm2 with a peak output voltage of 0.15 V and output current of 7.2 nA. The vertical integration of the multi‐NG provides a feasible technique for effectively converting mechanical energies to electricity from environment. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Food and nutrient availability in New Zealand: an analysis of supermarket sales data

Abstract Objective To examine food and nutrient availability in New Zealand using supermarket sales data in conjunction with a brand-specific supermarket food composition database (SFD). Design The SFD was developed by selecting the top-selling supermarket food products and linking them to food composition data from a variety of sources, before merging with individualised sales data. Supermarket food and nutrient data were then compared with data from national nutrition and household budget/economic surveys. Setting A supermarket in Wellington, New Zealand. Subjects Eight hundred and eighty-two customers (73% female; mean age 38 years) who shopped regularly at the participating supermarket store and for whom electronic sales data were available for the period February 2004–January 2005. Results Top-selling supermarket food products included full-fat milk, white bread, sugary soft drinks and butter. Key food sources of macronutrients were similar between the supermarket sales database and national nutrition surveys. For example, bread was the major source of energy and contributed 12–13% of energy in all three data sources. Proportional expenditure on fruit, vegetables, meat, poultry, fish, farm products and oils, and cereal products recorded in the Household Economic Survey and supermarket sales data were within 2% of each other. Conclusions Electronic supermarket sales data can be used to evaluate a number of important aspects of food and nutrient availability. Many of our findings were broadly comparable with national nutrition and food expenditure survey data, and supermarket sales have the advantage of being an objective, convenient, up-to-date and cost-effective measure of household food purchases.
Services Development and Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing

Most manufacturing activities use inputs from the financial and business services sectors. But these services sectors also compete for resources with manufacturing activities, provoking concerns about de-industrialization -- financial services in industrial countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, and business services in developing countries like India and the Philippines. This paper examines the implications of services development for the export performance of manufacturing sectors. It develops a methodology to quantify the indirect role of services in international trade in goods and constructs new measures of revealed comparative advantage based on domestic value added in gross exports. The paper shows that the development of financial and business services enhances the revealed comparative advantage of manufacturing sectors that use these services intensively but not that of other manufacturing sectors. It also finds that a country can partially overcome the handicap of an underdeveloped domestic services sector by relying more on imported services inputs. Thus, lower services trade barriers in developing countries can help to promote their manufacturing exports.
A cross-national comparison of the adoption of BPR: an interactive perspective

Business process reengineering (BPR) was developed as a new idea which, it was suggested, would revolutionise the corporation and give it a major competitive advantage. Rather than continue the debate about whether BPR is 'good' or 'bad', the focus in this paper is on understanding how the concept of BPR, however defined, has been diffused across European firms. The results from a survey of firms in four countries (UK, France, Netherlands and Sweden) support an interactive perspective of the diffusion process with the rate of adoption of BPR related to both structural characteristics of the firm and the actions of individual members. In addition, there were differences across the four countries in the extent of adoption of BPR. It is argued that the interactive perspective can be usefully extended to include institutional differences at the national level, which also influence the diffusion of innovation.
Are European Banks Still Too-Big-to-Fail? The Impact of Government Interventions and Regulatory Reform on Bailout Expectations in the EU

I investigate the implications of government interventions and regulatory reform on too-big-too-fail expectations in the European banking sector. Evidence from stock returns over the period 1993 to 2016 suggests that large European banks have long benefitted and continue to benefit from implicit government guarantees. I document that investors are willing to accept lower risk-adjusted returns for large bank stocks relative to small bank stocks, because they anticipate that governments absorb part of these stocks’ downside risk during financial crises. Recent regulatory reform introducing bail-in and a common standardized resolution framework for European banks were successful in reducing implicit guarantees at first, but became less credible after the effective implementation of these rules came into question in early 2016.
Employees Views on Payroll Computerization and Its Impact on Their Productivity: A Grounded Theory Approach

The study investigates employee views on payroll computerization and its impact on their productivity. The researchers used qualitative research design to conduct the study. Grounded theory was also adopted for theory building. Eleven employees were carefully selected from three different institutions to participate in the study. A taped interview was conducted using semi structured questions. A peer review rates of the transcript suggest ≥ 86% agreement. The study reveals among other things that accuracy in reward computation, job enrichment as well as timely payment of employee’s benefits increases employee’s productivity. The study proposes some recommendations and suggests other avenues for further research as well.
Dinoflagellate with Blue-Green Chloroplasts Derived from an Endosymbiotic Eukaryote

The dinoflagellate, Amphidinium wigrense, contains triple membrane-bound bodies we have termed "blue-green chloroplasts. " We believe these chloroplasts were derived from a cryptomonad endosymbiont similar to that present in another blue-green dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium acidotum. These dinoflagellates provide evidence that a chloroplast has evolved from an endosymbiotic eukaryote.
Determinants of Women’s Choice of a Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive in Boyolali, Central Java

Background: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are the most effective methods of birth control. LARCs include the copper IUD, the hormonal (progesterone) IUD, and the hormonal contraceptive implant (effective for 10, 5 and 3 years, respectively). These methods of birth control can prevent unwanted pregnancy up to 20 times better than birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings. However, the use of LARCs remains low in Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of women’s choice of a LARC in Boyolali, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in 25 community health centers, Boyolali District, Central Java, from April 24 to May 20, 2018. A sample of 200 women in reproductive age was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was choice of a LARC. The independent variables were age, education, parity, knowledge, husband support, and counseling by health worker. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a logistic regression multilevel using Stata 13 program. Results:Women’s choice of the LARC increased with age ≥35 years (b= 4.54; 95% CI= 1.69 to 12.15; p= 0.003), education ≥senior high school (b= 4.59; 95%CI= 1.80 to 11.70; p= 0.001), parity ≥3 (b = 7.15; 95%CI= 2.63 to 19.44; p<0.001), better knowledge (b= 2.20; 95% CI= 0.88 to 5.50; p= 0.089), counseling by health worker (b= 2.82; 95% CI= 1.11 to 7.11; p= 0.028), and husband support (b= 5.54; 95% CI= 2.15 to 14.28; p<0.001). Conclusion: Women’s choice of LARC increases with age ≥35 years, education ≥senior high school, parity ≥3, better knowledge, counseling by health worker, and husband support.
The use of different information and communication technologies to support knowledge sharing in organizations: From e-mail to micro-blogging

Previous research has revealed the following three challenges for knowledge sharing: awareness of expertise distribution, motivation for sharing, and network ties. In this case study, we examine how different generations of information and communication technologies (ICTs), ranging from e‐mail to micro‐blogging, can help address these challenges. Twenty‐one interviews with employees from a multinational company revealed that although people think social media can better address these challenges than older tools, the full potential of social media for supporting knowledge sharing has yet to be achieved. When examining the interconnections among different ICTs, we found that employees′ choice of a combination of ICTs, as affected by their functional backgrounds, could create “technological divides” among them and separate resources. This finding indicates that having more ICTs is not necessarily better. ICT integration, as well as support for easy navigation, is crucial for effective knowledge search and sharing. Adaptation to local culture is also needed to ensure worldwide participation in knowledge sharing.