Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Central Hypervolemia with Hemodilution Impairs Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation

BACKGROUND:Frequent changes in the perioperative central blood volume could affect cerebral autoregulation through alterations in sympathetic nerve activity, cardiac output, blood viscosity, and cerebral vasomotor tone. However, the effect of dynamic cerebral autoregulation has not been studied during acute wide-ranging changes in central blood volume, especially with respect to central hypervolemia with hemodilution. METHODS:We evaluated dynamic cerebral autoregulation during central hypovolemia and central hypervolemia with hemodilution using spectral and transfer function analysis between mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity variability in 12 individuals. Rapid changes in central blood volume were achieved using two levels of lower body negative pressure (−15 and −30 mm Hg) and two discrete infusions of normal saline (15 mL/kg and total 30 mL/kg). We then estimated changes in central blood volume as central venous pressure (CVP) and/or cardiac output using impedance cardiography. RESULTS:Steady-state CBF velocity and cardiac output decreased at −30 mm Hg lower body negative pressure (changes of CVP approximately −4 mm Hg) or were increased by each saline infusion (changes of CVP 4–6 mm Hg), without a significant change in MBP. However, transfer function gain (magnitude of transfer) between MBP and CBF velocity variability significantly increased only after saline infusion, suggesting an increased magnitude of transfer from MBP oscillations to CBF fluctuations during central hypervolemia with hemodilution. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that, although steady-state CBF velocity changes under both central hypervolemia and hypovolemia, only hypervolemic hemodilution impairs dynamic cerebral autoregulation.
Neurof ibrillary tangles in chronic alcoholics

Magnocellular neurons in the cholinergic nucleus basalis appear to be vulnerable in a variety of pathological conditions, including chronic alcoholism. While neuro‐fibrillary degeneration of these neurons has been noted in a number of disorders characterized by dementia, the mechanism of cell death in thiamine‐deficient chronic alcoholics has not been identified. In the present post‐mortem investigation, multiple brain regions of seven thiamine‐deficient chronic alcoholics, three neurologically asymptomatic chronic alcoholics and seven non‐alcoholic age matched controls were screened for neurofibrillary pathology using both tau‐immunohistochemistry and a modified Bielschowsky silver stain. In chronic alcoholics with thiamine deficiency, neurofibrillary pathology was found in the nucleus basalis, but not any other brain region. Neurofibrillary tangles were not seen in age‐matched controls and were infrequent in alcoholics without neuropathological signs of thiamine‐deficiency. Neurofibrillary tangles were most numerous in those cases with cell loss in the nucleus basalis. These findings suggest that neurodegeneration of the nucleus basalis in chronic alcoholics proceeds through the formation of neurofibrillary tangles.
Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Pasteurella haemolytica A1 glycoprotease gene

Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 secretes a glycoprotease which is specific for O-sialoglycoproteins such as glycophorin A. The gene encoding the glycoprotease enzyme has been cloned in the recombinant plasmid pH1, and its nucleotide sequence has been determined. The gene (designated gcp) codes for a protein of 35.2 kDa, and an active enzyme protein of this molecular mass can be observed in Escherichia coli clones carrying pPH1. In vivo labeling of plasmid-encoded proteins in E. coli maxicells demonstrated the expression of a 35-kDa protein from pPH1. The amino-terminal sequence of the heterologously expressed protein corresponds to that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. The glycoprotease is a neutral metalloprotease, and the predicted amino acid sequence of the glycoprotease contains a putative zinc-binding site. The gene shows no significant homology with the genes for other proteases of procaryotic or eucaryotic origin. However, there is substantial homology between gcp and an E. coli gene, orfX, whose product is believed to function in the regulation of macromolecule biosynthesis.
Comparison of Three Types of Continent Urinary Diversions in a Single Center

The results including the complication and continence rates for 3 types of continent urinary diversion were evaluated. From 1992 to 1998 we performed 58 continent urinary diversions after radical cystectomy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. All three types of continent diversions and ileal loop procedures were discussed and patient preferences were determined. The patient preference rate for continent urinary diversion was 96.6%, and half of these patients wanted to be completely dry. Mean age of the patients was 58.2 years. Of the 58 patients, 9 (15.5%) had a Kock pouch, 15 (25.8%) had a Kock neobladder and 34 (58.6%) had sigmoidorectal pouch (Mainz-II pouch). Early and late complication rates of the three different continent diversions were evaluated. The number of complications, such as urine leakage, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, reflux and stone formation, were similar in all three types of diversions. Two (5.9%) Mainz pouch II patients who had stopped oral alkalinization demonstrated severe hyperchloremic acidosis. Spontaneous pouch rupture occurred in 1 of the Kock pouches. Reoperation rates were higher with the Kock pouch and Kock neobladder cases. Daytime continence rates for the Kock pouch, Kock neobladder and Mainz II pouch were 77.7%, 86.7% and 100% respectively. Even though complete dryness may not be achieved in every patient, orthotopic bladder substitution appears to be the best choice after radical cystectomy. Although it carries the risk of life-long oral alkalinization therapy, the Mainz pouch II is associated with an excellent continence rate and may be a good alternative for patients who desire to be dry.
OXADM: Feasibility of network security and migration

This paper describes our recent work on advanced ring metropolitan network through the development of an Optical Cross Add-Drop Multiplexer (OXADM). OXADM is a recently invented optical networks device with an asymmetrical architecture. Designed with a purpose to combine the operational concepts of Optical Cross Connect (OXC) and Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM), OXADM is potentially useful in increasing the efficiency and flexibility of optical networks particularly of the metropolitan ring and mesh configurations. Thus, OXADM is particularly use for networks which require topology migration from ring to mesh, or vice versa [4]. The main function of OXADM is to reconfigure the optical channel path while implementing add/drop function simultaneously. The 4-channel OXADM design is expected to have a maximum operational loss of 6 dB for each channel [5]. With the accumulation function, OXADM is also able to provide survivability through restoration against failures by means of linear, multiplex and ring protection to both configurations that are integrated in single optical architecture. Output power degradation during ring activation is expected to be at 2 dB with respect to normal operating condition. The test was carried out at 2.5 Gbps with BER of 1times10-10 for linear protection, while BER of 1times10-19 (to west) and BER of 1times10-13 (to east) were used for ring protection.
The arteries of the free ventricular walls in man

The gross anatomy of the arteries of the atria and of the interventricular septum have been described in previous reports (James and Burch, '58a, '58b). This report is a description of the coronary arteries of the right and left ventricles exclusive of the septum, that is, the so-called "free" walls of the two ventricles. A knowledge of anatomy of the coronary arteries of the free ventricular walls is important in understanding coronary disease and its relationship to acute myocardial infarction. The method has been published previously (James and Burch, '58a, '58b; Stern, Ranzenhofer, and Liebow, '54). Briefly, it consists of injection of colored vinyliteacetone solution into the coronary arteries, which have been separately cannulated. The chambers of one side of the heart were then filled with a thicker solution, the right side usually being employed for two reasons: (A) When unfilled it collapsed out of shape whereas the left ventricle did not. (B) The veins could be filled in the same injection directly from the chambers. Casting both sides of the heart made examination of the septa1 arteries difficult. After the plastic hardened, the myocardium was corroded away with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Eighty-two fresh (unfixed) h u m a n hearts were studied and they form the basis of this report. There were 62 males and 20 females.
Distinct detergent‐resistant membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) respectively harvest K+ and water transport systems in brain astroglia

The detergent‐resistant microdomains (DRM) of cell membranes scaffold different molecules and regulate cell functions by orchestrating various signaling pathways including G‐proteins and tyrosine kinase. Here we report a novel role for DRM in astroglial cells. K+‐buffering inwardly rectifying Kir4.1 channels and the water channel AQP4 are expressed in astrocytes and they may be functionally coupled to maintain ionic and osmotic homeostasis in the brain. Kir4.1 and AQP4 channel proteins were abundant in noncaveloar DRM in the brain and also in HEK293T cells when exogenously expressed. In HEK293T cells, depletion of membrane cholesterol by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) resulted in loss of Kir4.1 association with DRM and its channel activity but did not affect either the distribution or the function of AQP4. Immunolabeling showed that Kir4.1 and AQP4 were occasionally distributed in close proximity but in distinct compartments of the astroglial cell membrane. Astroglial noncaveolar DRM may therefore be made up of at least two distinct compartments, MβCD‐sensitive and MβCD‐resistant microdomains, which control localization and function of, respectively, Kir and AQP4 channels on the cell membrane.
The Health Self-Determinism Index.

This study is a psychometric evaluation of a new measure of motivation in health behavior. The Health Self-Determinism Index was completed by 202 randomly selected adults via a mail survey. The multidimensionality of the construct was supported through the factorial isolation of four subscales: self-determined health judgments, self-determined health behavior, perceived competency in health matters, and internal-external cue responsiveness. These four factors accounted for 56% of the total explained variance in the measure. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale is . 84; the internal consistency of the four subscales is supported by alpha reliability coefficients of . 75, . 75, . 67, and . 69, respectively. With refinement, this measure will enable exploration of client antecedents and correlates of motivation in health behavior. Further, specific nursing interventions can be examined for their ability to alter clients' motivation in relation to specific health behaviors. Finally, the role of motivation in predicting health outcomes can be explored.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Export on Urbanization: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports on urbanization in China. Using prefecture city-level panel data covering China's 262 prefecture cities for the period 2004–2013 and employing a dynamic panel system generalized method of moments model with instrumental variable regression techniques, our study finds that FDI and exports have, on average, played a significantly positive role in China's urbanization. However, the impacts of FDI and exports on urbanization vary across regions. FDI has a positive and significant impact on urbanization in the coastal region but has no impact on urbanization in the inland region. Exports have a positive and significant impact on urbanization in both the coastal and inland regions, but the effect is much larger in the coastal region than in the inland region. The results imply that further attracting FDI inflows and promoting exports will contribute to China's urbanization, especially for the inland region.
Advanced paternal age and childhood cancer in offspring: A nationwide register‐based cohort study

Cancer initiation is presumed to occur in utero for many childhood cancers and it has been hypothesized that advanced paternal age may have an impact due to the increasing number of mutations in the sperm DNA with increasing paternal age. We examined the association between paternal age and specific types of childhood cancer in offspring in a large nationwide cohort of 1,904,363 children born in Denmark from 1978 through 2010. The children were identified in the Danish Medical Birth Registry and were linked to information from other national registers, including the Danish Cancer Registry. In total, 3,492 children were diagnosed with cancer before the age of 15 years. The adjusted hazard ratio of childhood cancer according to paternal age was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions. We found a 13% (95% confidence interval: 4–23%) higher hazard rate for every 5 years advantage in paternal age for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while no clear association was found for acute myeloid leukemia (hazard ratio pr. 5 years = 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.80–1.30). The estimates for neoplasms in the central nervous system suggested a lower hazard rate with higher paternal age (hazard ratio pr. 5 years = 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.01). No clear associations were found for the remaining childhood cancer types. The findings suggest that paternal age is moderately associated with a higher rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but not acute myeloid leukemia, in offspring, while no firm conclusions could be made for other specific cancer types.
Promotion of Hyperphosphorylation by Frontotemporal Dementia Tau Mutations*

Mutations in the tau gene are known to cosegregate with the disease in frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). However, the molecular mechanism by which these mutations might lead to the disease is not understood. Here, we show that four of the FTDP-17 tau mutations, R406W, V337M, G272V, and P301L, result in tau proteins that are more favorable substrates for phosphorylation by brain protein kinases than the wild-type, largest four-repeat protein τ4L and τ4L more than τ3L. In general, at all the sites studied, mutant tau proteins were phosphorylated faster and to a higher extent than τ4L and τ4L > τ3L. The most dramatic difference found was in the rate and level of phosphorylation of τ4LR406W at positions Ser-396, Ser-400, Thr-403, and Ser-404. Phosphorylation of this mutant tau was 12 times faster and 400% greater at Ser-396 and less than 30% at Ser-400, Thr-403, and Ser-404 than phosphorylation of τ4L. The mutated tau proteins polymerized into filaments when 4–6 mol of phosphate per mol of tau were incorporated, whereas wild-type tau required ∼10 mol of phosphate per mol of protein to self-assemble. Mutated and wild-type tau proteins were able to sequester normal tau upon incorporation of ∼4 mol of phosphate per mol of protein, which was achieved at as early as 30 min of phosphorylation in the case of mutant tau proteins. These findings taken together suggest that the mutations in tau might cause neurodegeneration by making the protein a more favorable substrate for hyperphosphorylation.
Microvascular abnormalities of the portal hypertensive gastric mucosa

Compared with normotensive mucosa, the portal hypertensive gastric mucosa has increased susceptibility to injury by noxious agents such as alcohol and aspirin, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. Since the microvasculature of the normal gastric mucosa is an important target of injury by these agents, we studied the histologic and ultrastructural features of gastric vasculature and mucosal microvasculature in rats with portal hypertension (produced by staged portal vein ligation) and in sham‐operated rats. In portal hypertensive rats, the gastric mucosa was swollen and hyperemic and the endothelial cells of mucosal microvessels had very prominent enlarged cytoplasm obstructing capillary lumina. Quantitative analysis of transmission electron micrographs demonstrated that in portal hypertensive rats the gastric mucosal capillary endothelium had significantly increased cytoplasmic area (236%), increased pinocytic vesicular area (416%) and increased capillary basement membrane thickness (143%) compared to respective parameters in sham‐operated control rats. Arterioles in the muscularis mucosae and in submucosa were thickened, and submucosal veins demonstrated features of arterialization. All these findings indicate that portal hypertension produces definite microvascular changes in the gastric mucosa resulting in compromise of the capillary lumina. These changes may be the basis for the observed morphologic and functional abnormalities of the portal hypertensive mucosa and its increased predisposition to injury.
The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies

Insect mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes are used as a model to examine the within‐gene heterogeneity of evolutionary rate and Its implications for evolutionary analyses. The complete sequence (1537 bp) of the meadow grasshopper (Chorthippus parallelus) COI gene has been determined, and compared with eight other Insect COI genes at both the DNA and amino acid sequence levels. This reveals that different regions evolve at different rates, and the patterns of sequence variability seems associated with functional constraints on the protein. The COOH‐terminal was found to be significantly more variable than Internal loops (I), external loops (E), transmembrane helices (M) or the NH2 terminal. The central region of COI (M5‐M8) has lower levels of sequence variability, which Is related to several Important functional domains In this region. Highly conserved primers which amplify regions of different variabilities have been designed to cover the entire insect COI gene. These primers have been shown to amplify COI in a wide range of species, representing all the major insect groups; some even In an arachnid. Implications of the observed evolutionary pattern for phylogenetic analysis are discussed, with particular regard to the choice of regions of suitable variability for specific phylogenetic projects.
Highly Stable ZnON Thin-Film Transistors With High Field-Effect Mobility Exceeding 50  $\mathrm{cm}^{2}$ /Vs

High-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on ZnON channels were fabricated using a dc reactive sputtering method. To improve the photoinduced bias stability, a postannealing process was carried out at a low ambient pressure (~100 mTorr, air ambient) at 250 °C for various annealing times (1-5 h). The transfer characteristics of the postannealed ZnON TFTs exhibited an improved subthreshold swing ranging from 0.60 to 0.42 V/decade. Other transport properties remained similar including a high mobility (μsat) of 50 cm2/Vs, a threshold voltage (Vth) of -2.5 V, and an ON-OFF drain current ratio of 108. In addition, photoinduced bias reliability under a gate bias stress (VG = -20 V) was significantly improved from -10.88 V (1 h) to -2.28 V (5 h). These results can be explained by the enhancement of bonding properties between Zn metal and two different anions (O, N) as stable N-Zn-O states.
The Paris Agreement: China’s ‘New Normal’ role in international climate negotiations

The political success of the Paris COP 21 in 2015 contrasted sharply with the diplomatic breakdown at Copenhagen six years before in 2009. Contributing to this success was China’s emergence as a more positive participant in the international climate change negotiations. Despite efforts to reduce energy and carbon intensity since the mid-2000s, Chinese negotiators in Copenhagen were careful not to link domestic action on climate change to any presumptions of international obligation. This stands in marked contrast to Paris where, for the first time, China was willing to commit to an absolute cap on emissions subject to international measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV). This article examines what changed between 2009 and 2015 such that China was able to play a more constructive role in the global climate regime. It argues that a key driver of change was China’s shift to a ‘New Normal’ model of economic development. Beginning in the 12th Five Year Plan Period (2011–2015), China’s economic policy prioritized a transition from energy-intensive growth based on heavy industry, exports and investment, to a more balanced economy characterized by slower growth, an increasing role for services and domestic consumption, and a focus on innovation and low-carbon technologies. This transition gave China the opportunity to re-formulate its priorities in international climate negotiations and helped pave the way for increased climate cooperation with the US, the lack of which had been a major roadblock to success in Copenhagen. Progress was further facilitated by a range of external factors, including impressive French diplomacy in the run-up to COP21 and the important shift to a bottom-up, voluntary approach to commitments. Policy relevance This article analyses the reasons behind China’s more constructive engagement at COP 21 in Paris, which contributed to the Conference’s successful outcome. It is important for policy makers to better comprehend China’s shifting position and the motivations behind it, given the country’s key role in keeping temperature rise at a safe level. The deal reached in Paris now needs to be implemented, and success is by no means guaranteed. A deeper understanding of the position of this key player can only help with the negotiation process, implementation phase, and further negotiations that are needed to strengthen targets.
Food-Additive-Induced Urticaria: A Survey of 838 Patients with Recurrent Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria

Background: Recurrent chronic idiopathic urticaria (RCIU) is a common skin condition that affects 0.1–3% of the population in the USA and Europe and accounts for nearly 75% of all ‘ordinary’ chronic urticaria (CU) cases. Methods: We studied 838 consecutive patients with RCIU referred to hospital between 1998 and 2003. Patients with known causes of CU were excluded. Clinical history, physical examination, and symptom diaries were evaluated during two periods, a diet-free period (1 week) and a food-additive-free diet (FAFD) period (4 weeks), respectively, and two double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) challenges of six food additives were administered. The first DBPC challenge included a mixture of the six food additives (DBPCmixed) given to all patients. The second DBPC challenge comprised the single food additives, administered at increasing doses (DBPCsingle) to patients with a positive DBPCmixed test and 105 patients with a negative DBPCmixed test, as a control. Results: The DBPCmixed challenge was positive in 116 patients. None of the 105 control patients had a positive DBPCsingle test. Only 31 DBPCsingle tests were positive in patients with positive DBPCmixed challenge. Twenty-four of the 116 patients showing a positive DBPCmixed challenge also had a positive DBPCsingle result. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that food additive hypersensitivity reactions occurred in few RCIU patients using DBPCsingle challenge. The combination of the results of FAFD and DBPCmixed challenge seems to be of considerable practical interest for allergists, internists and dermatologists, rather than the data of clinical history and the results of DBPCsingle challenge, in patients with RCIU.