Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alemtuzumab Induced Thyroid Disease in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review and Approach to Management

Abstract Alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, was recently approved for treatment of MS in Canada, having shown to significantly reduce relapses and disability in patients, particularly those who relapsed despite first line treatment. Offsetting its benefit however, is the development of novel secondary autoimmune disease, particularly affecting the thyroid gland in up to 36% of patients. The incidence of Alemtuzumab induced thyroid dysfunction (AITD) will likely rise as alemtuzumab becomes more widely used for treating MS. We review the clinical and investigational cues that help delineate the aetiology and management of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in ATID. AITD can be easily managed and we present a simple approach for its evaluation and management by neurologists that should be implemented prior to considering a referral to an internist or endocrinologist for further opinion or treatment. RÉSUMÉ Maladie thyroïdienne induite par l’alemtuzumab dans la sclérose en plaques: revue et traitement. L’alemtuzumab, un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre CD52, a récemment été approuvé pour le traitement de la sclérose en plaques (SP) au Canada. Les études ont démontré qu’il diminuait significativement les rechutes et l’invalidité chez les patients, particulièrement chez ceux qui avaient eu des rechutes malgré le traitement de première intention. Cependant, l’apparition d’une nouvelle maladie auto-immune secondaire à ce traitement, touchant la glande tyroïde chez 36% des patients, en amoindrit les bénéfices. L’incidence de la dysfonction thyroïdienne induite par l’alemtuzumab (DTIA) augmentera vraisemblablement à mesure que l’alemtuzumab sera plus fréquemment prescrit pour traiter la SP. Nous revoyons les indices cliniques et biochimiques qui aident à définir l’étiologie et le traitement de la thyrotoxicose et de l’hypothyroïdie dans la DTIA. La DTIA peut être traitée facilement et nous présentons une approche simple de son évaluation et son traitement par des neurologues. Cette approche devrait être utilisée avant d’envisager de référer le patient à un interniste ou à un endocrinologue pour connaître son opinion ou pour prescrire un traitement.
Topiramate's effects on cocaine‐induced subjective mood, craving and preference for money over drug taking

Topiramate, presumably through antagonism of excitatory glutaminergic pathways and facilitation of inhibitory gamma‐aminobutyric acid neurons in the cortico‐mesolimbic system, might reduce cocaine's abuse liability. We tested whether topiramate (100 mg twice daily) would reduce the euphoria, subjective mood, craving and preference for cocaine over money induced by low and high doses (0.325 and 0.65 mg/kg i.v., respectively) of experimentally administered cocaine in 24 male and female, cocaine‐dependent, non‐treatment‐seeking research volunteers in a university in‐patient laboratory. We utilized a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, within‐subject, Latin‐square cross‐over design in which three experimental challenge doses of low‐dose cocaine, high‐dose cocaine and placebo were administered in counterbalanced order after 5 days of topiramate or matching placebo pre‐treatments separated by a 1‐week washout period (2006–2009). After placebo pre‐treatments, cocaine produced dose‐related increases in euphoria, stimulant effects, craving for more cocaine and monetary value of cocaine in a behavioral preference test of cocaine versus money choice. Topiramate pre‐treatment reduced the cocaine‐related craving and monetary value of high‐dose cocaine while increasing the monetary value, euphoria and stimulant effects of low‐dose cocaine. Validated and standardized human experimental methods evaluating the potential for topiramate to alter cocaine's abuse liability suggest that topiramate may reduce the reinforcing effects and craving induced by higher cocaine doses. Low‐dose cocaine might appear to have some enhancement of its stimulant properties in the presence of topiramate's prominent sedative effects.
Gender in the Property Industry and Professional Bodies - An Australian Perspective

Recently, significant public debate regarding the lack of women appointed to senior management positions such as on ASX listed company boards has highlighted the lack of gender equity. The property industry is dominated by male representation at the top levels despite the gender gap within university graduates approaching equal proportions. This paper evaluates the role that professional bodies are embracing to address the gender inequality and how this is reflected in the makeup of the board composition of the leading professional associations and industry bodies in Australia. While there is limited research on women in property this paper demonstrates the need for further in-depth analysis to identify the constraints to progressing gender equality. The findings indicate that the property profession while publicly promoting women in the property industry still maintain governing boards within their professional associations and industry bodies that are significantly under-represented by women.
Dietary restriction impairs neutrophil exudation by reducing CD11b/CD18 expression and chemokine production.

HYPOTHESIS Patients with malnutrition are susceptible to infection. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the major effector of the nonspecific immune response in host resistance to infection. Dietary restriction may impair PMN-mediated immunity in the peritoneal cavity by reducing PMN exudation, adhesion molecule expression on PMNs, and chemokine production. DESIGN Randomized study of murine glycogen-induced peritonitis with dietary restriction. SETTING University research laboratory. MATERIALS Male C57BL/6J mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice (N = 204) were assigned to ad libitum, moderate, and severe diet-restricted groups receiving mouse chow ad libitum (132 g/kg, 66 g/kg, and 33 g/kg daily for 7 days, respectively). After dietary restriction with or without 1 day of refeeding, mice were administered glycogen intraperitoneally to induce cell exudation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expressions on circulating PMNs, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen intermediate production by exudative PMNs were measured after glycogen installation. The levels of PMN-specific chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), in peritoneal lavage fluid were also measured. These parameters were measured after glycogen installation in the refeeding experiment. RESULTS Seven days of dietary restriction decreased CD11b/CD18 expression on circulating PMNs, MIP-2 levels in peritoneal lavage fluid, and subsequent PMN exudation into the peritoneal cavity early in peritonitis. Both CD11b and CD18 expression on circulating PMNs and MIP-2 levels correlated significantly with numbers of exudative PMNs. Seven days of dietary restriction also impaired phagocytosis, while up-regulating reactive oxygen intermediate production by exudative PMNs. Only 1 day of ad libitum refeeding normalized CD11b/CD18 expression with PMN exudation into the peritoneal cavity. CONCLUSIONS Short-term dietary restriction impairs PMN exudation into local inflammatory sites in murine peritonitis by reducing CD11b/CD18 expression and MIP-2 production. Even brief nutritional replenishment in diet-restricted patients may improve host defense via restoring these PMN functions and chemokine production at local inflammatory sites.
Are the Eastern European Markets Efficient? Evidence from Nonlinear Unit Root Tests

The efficient market hypothesis, a topic discussed for over a half century, has been tested with different econometric models in the literature.Linear and non-linear series have to be tested with different unit root tests.In this study, ADF and PP unit root tests are applied to linear series and Kapetanios et al. (2003) and Kruse (2011) unit root tests were applied to nonlinear series.In our study, Poland and Russia showed linear characteristics and Turkey, Czech Republic and Hungary showed nonlinear characteristics. Linear and nonlinear unit root tests have been used in this regard. According to the analysis results, other Eastern European countries included in the sample outside Turkey exhibit a weak-form efficiency characteristic
Coordinate control of syntheses of ribosomal ribonucleic acid and ribosomal proteins during nutritional shift-up in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We investigated the regulation of ribosome synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing at different rates and in response to a growth stimulus. The ribosome content and the rates of synthesis of ribosomal ribonucleic acid and of ribosomal proteins were compared in cultures growing in minimal medium with either glucose or ethanol as a carbon source. The results demonstrated that ribosome content is proportional to growth rate. Moreover, these steady-state concentrations are regulated at the level of synthesis of ribosomal precursor ribonucleic acid and of ribosomal proteins. When cultures growing on ethanol were enriched with glucose, the rate of ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis, measured by pulsing cells with [methyl-3H]methionine, increased by 40% within 5 min, doubled within 15 min, and reached a steady state characteristic of the new growth medium by 30 min. Labeling with [3H]leucine reveal a coordinate increase in the rate of synthesis of 30 or more ribosomal proteins as compared with that of total cellular proteins. Their synthesis was stimulated approximately 2.5-fold within 15 min and nearly 4-fold within 60 min. The data suggest that S. cerevisiae responds to a growth stimulus by preferential stimulation of the synthesis of ribosomal ribonucleic acid and ribosomal proteins.
Benefactors and beneficiaries in social capital exchanges

Abstract Social capital research that specifically interrogates the motives for both benefactors and beneficiaries typically gives short shrift to the motives of beneficiaries, instead focusing on those of benefactors. Building on ideas first proposed in gift-giving and help-seeking research, this paper pays particular attention to the motives of recipients in social capital exchanges. Based on fieldwork in a youth baseball league in the American Southwest, I will argue that recipient motives for accepting (or asking for) help from another parent in the league are complex and worth studying on their own merit. Motives are explored for three of the four types of benefits typically exchanged in the Valley City Little League: Emotional Support, Information Sharing, and Job Information Sharing. Childcare is treated elsewhere.
Self-efficacy effects on feeling states in women

In this study, exercise self-efficacy was manipulated in a laboratory setting and its effects on feeling state responses were examined. A sample consisting largely of Non-Latina White and Latina women (N = 59) were randomly assigned to a low- or high-efficacy condition, and efficacy was manipulated by provision of false feedback and computer data. Feeling state responses were assessed before and after exercise. Efficacy was successfully manipulated, and participants in the high-efficacy condition reported more positive well-being and energy and less psychological distress and fatigue than those in the low-efficacy condition. There wereno significant differences between the two ethnic groups for self-efficacy and feeling state responses. In addition, no clear pattern of relations emerged between efficacy and feeling state responses. The results support structuring exercise treatments in such a way that mastery experiences and positive feedback are maximized to enhance self-efficacy and improve subjective experiences.
Reproduction and organ weight responses in female rats fed a restricted balanced diet or a restricted nonprotein calorie diet with or without supplemental glutamine or cysteine.

Primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats were used in two experiments to test the hypothesis that restriction of carbohydrate and fat calories alone versus comparable restriction of a balanced diet through gestation produces differential effects on gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract and conceptus development. Rats were assigned on d 1 of pregnancy (13 rats/diet) to the following diets in Expt. 1: (1) balanced control diet fed ad libitum, C; (2) control diet fed at 50% of ad libitum intake, R; (3) restricted nonprotein energy diet containing twice the concentrations of protein, vitamins and mineral elements as the balanced control diet but fed at 50% of ad libitum intake of control diet, RCal; (4) R diet modified plus 0.21% L-cysteine, R + Cys; (5) R diet modified plus 1.54% L-glutamine, R + Glu. In Expt. 2, the treatment groups were: (1) Control diet, C; (2) C diet fed at 50% of ad libitum, R; (3) RCal diet fed at 50% of ad libitum intake of C; (4) RCal diet plus 2% L-glutamine fed at 50% of ad libitum intake of C. All pregnant rats were euthanized on d 20 postcoitum. Body weight of control dams was greater (P less than .01) than that of other dams in both experiments. Uterus weight and litter weight were less in RCal than in other dams in both experiments. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Problematic Internet use, maladaptive future time perspective and school context

Abstract Background: Spain is among the European countries with the highest prevalence of adolescents at risk of Internet addiction, a problem that could be linked to youth unemployment and leaving education early. This research evaluated the role of three variables relative to school context on Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and on the relationship between PIU and Maladaptive Future Time Perspective (MFTP, defined as an excessive focus on the present and a fatalistic attitude towards the future, a variable that had not previously been studied in terms of its relationship to adolescents' PIU). Method: The study was carried out with 1288 adolescents, aged 12 to 16 years old, enrolled at 31 secondary schools in Madrid, Spain. Results: As expected, we found that MFTP and hostile treatment by teachers were associated with an increase in PIU, whereas school appreciation was associated with a decrease in PIU. In addition, hostile treatment by teachers had a moderate effect on the MFTP‐PIU relationship. Conclusions: In order to prevent PIU it is important to foster confidence in adolescents in their own potential to build the future from the present through positive interaction with teachers, stimulating an appreciation of school within these digital natives' peer group culture. Resumen Uso problemático de Internet, perspectiva desadaptativa hacia el futuro y contexto escolar. Antecedentes: España es uno de los países europeos con mayor prevalencia de adolescentes en riesgo de adicción a Internet; problema que cabe relacionar con sus elevadas tasas de desempleo juvenil y abandono escolar prematuro. Esta investigación estudia el papel de tres variables del contexto escolar sobre el Uso Problemático de Internet (PIU), así como sobre la relación entre PIU y la Perspectiva Desadaptativa hacia el Futuro (MFTP, definida como una excesiva centración en el presente y actitud fatalista hacia el futuro, variable que no había sido todavía investigada en relación al PIU de los adolescentes). Método: se ha realizado con 1.288 adolescentes, de 12 a 16 años, de 31 centros de Educación Secundaria de Madrid, España. Resultados: como se esperaba, se encuentra que la MFTP y el tratamiento hostil del profesorado están directamente asociados con un aumento de PIU, mientras que la valoración de la escuela está asociada con un descenso de PIU. Además, el tratamiento hostil del profesorado tiene efecto de moderación en la relación entre MFTP‐PIU. Conclusiones: para prevenir PIU es importante fortalecer la confianza de los adolescentes en su poder para construir el futuro desde el presente, a través de una adecuada interacción con el profesorado que ayude a incrementar la valoración de la escuela desde la cultura del grupo de iguales de los nativos digitales. Palabras clave: uso problemático de internet, contexto escolar, adolescencia, perspectiva hacia el futuro, relación profesor‐alumno.
Transceiver Design for Spatial Multiplexing Based on Prewhitening Detector

In this paper, we propose a joint-transmitter-and-receiver design for spatial multiplexing based on a novel prewhitening detector (PWD). By using decision feedback equalization (DFE), Gaussian approximation, a prewhitening filter, and a matched filter, the proposed PWD transforms the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system into several parallel single-input-single-output (SISO) schemes and facilitates single-symbol detection. The proposed scheme achieves near-optimal symbol recovery with a complexity similar to that of a minimum-mean-square-error decision feedback equalizer (MMSE-DFE). The closed-form symbol error rate (SER) of the PWD is derived, which can be used to closely predict the ML performance for uncoded V-BLAST schemes. By assuming full channel knowledge at the transmitter side, we use a preequalizer and a precoder in a downlink scenario. The preequalizer can transfer the feedback part of the DFE to the transmitter side and thus provide better performance in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with reduced receiver complexity. The precoder designed to minimize the SER of this system can further improve performance without affecting the complexity at the receiver side.
Two dissociable aspects of feeling-of-knowing: Knowing that you know and knowing that you do not know

Feeling-of-knowing judgement is traditionally regarded as a unitary cognitive process. However, recent research suggests that knowing that you know (positive feeling-of-knowing) and knowing that you do not know (negative feeling-of-knowing) have different neural substrates (Luo, Niki, Ying, & Luo, 2004). In the present study, we used a paradigm adapted from Koriat and Levy-Sadot (2001) to examine whether positive feeling-of-knowing and negative feeling-of-knowing were mediated by distinct cognitive processes. We found that positive and negative feeling-of-knowing were dissociated during immediate feeling-of-knowing judgements (i.e., preliminary feeling-of-knowing) and delayed feeling-of-knowing judgements (i.e., postretrieval feeling-of-knowing). At the judgement intervals, positive feeling-of-knowing was based on partial recovery of the nonrecalled targets, whereas negative feeling-of-knowing was determined by familiarity with the retrieval cues. Our results suggest that feeling-of-knowing is a heterogeneous process.
Factors Influencing Family Surrogates’ Intention with Regard to Do-Not-Resuscitate Directive for Patients with Dementia

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of family surrogates’ do-not-resuscitate (DNR) intention for patients with dementia (PwD), and factors influencing family surrogates’ decisions. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Patients with dementia and their family surrogates from Dementia Outpatient Clinic of a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan were included. Data were collected using chart review and questionnaire survey. Influential factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: One hundred and forty of the 223 participants (62.8%) have intention to sign DNR consents for their dementia relatives. Factors influencing the intention were: (1) Comorbid with musculoskeletal diseases or diabetes (p < .05); (2) psychological symptoms of repetitive wording and behavior (p < .05); (3) spouse (p < .05) and lineal relatives (p < .01); (4) previous discussion between families and patient about DNR directive (p = .001); (5) believers of Taiwan folk belief (Buddhism or Taoism) (p < .05). Conclusions: Advanced dementia patients cannot express intention about their end-of-life care and depend on family surrogates to decide for them. Our study showed that spouse and direct relatives, comorbidities of musculoskeletal disease or diabetes, psychological symptoms of repetitive wording and behavior, previous discussion about patients’ intention, and believers of Taiwan folk belief are all positive influencing factors for surrogates to consent DNR directive for patients. Our findings are important in promoting DNR directive for PwD. Clinical implications: Our results may help to promote DNR decisions for dementia patients, especially in Chinese populations.
Stimulating effect of thyroid hormones in peripheral nerve regeneration: research history and future direction toward clinical therapy

Injury to peripheral nerves is often observed in the clinic and severe injuries may cause loss of motor and sensory functions. Despite extensive investigation, testing various surgical repair techniques and neurotrophic molecules, at present, a satisfactory method to ensuring successful recovery does not exist. For successful molecular therapy in nerve regeneration, it is essential to improve the intrinsic ability of neurons to survive and to increase the speed of axonal outgrowth. Also to induce Schwann cell phenotypical changes to prepare the local environment favorable for axonal regeneration and myelination. Therefore, any molecule that regulates gene expression of both neurons and Schwann cells could play a crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Clinical and experimental studies have reported that thyroid hormones are essential for the normal development and function of the nervous system, so they could be candidates for nervous system regeneration. This review provides an overview of studies devoted to testing the effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral nerve regeneration. Also it emphasizes the importance of combining biodegradable tubes with local administration of triiodothyronine for future clinical therapy of human severe injured nerves. We highlight that the local and single administration of triiodothyronine within biodegradable nerve guide improves significantly the regeneration of severed peripheral nerves, and accelerates functional recovering. This technique provides a serious step towards future clinical application of triiodothyronine in human severe injured nerves. The possible regulatory mechanism by which triiodothyronine stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration is a rapid action on both axotomized neurons and Schwann cells.