Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Cephalometric X-Ray Landmark Detection by Applying Game Theory and Random Forests

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for cephalometric X-ray landmark detection. The framework describes the appearance of each landmark by Haar-like features, and uses the theory of random forests (RFs) to combine them into a detector of landmark candidate points in the target image. The framework relies also on spatial relationships among landmarks, modeled by Gaussian kernel density estimation and RFs, and uses concepts from the game theory to determine the optimal landmark candidate points. After training the framework on 100 cephalometric X-ray images, it was validated on a different set of 100 images, and the obtained landmark detection accuracy was 1.82 ± 1.61 mm in terms of mean radial error and 72.7 % in terms of successful detec- tion rate (within 2 mm neighborhood). The results indicate that the proposed framework can be used for computerized cephalometry, moreover, the frame- work is universal and can be therefore applied to images of various anatomical structures acquired by different modalities.
EVALUATION OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE AS A FEED INGREDIENT FOR LAYER PULLET

The experiment was carried out in two periods, growing and laying, on 300 eight-week-old pullets (Shaver Starcross 579 strain). In the growing period (8-18 weeks of age) five iso-caloric diets were used: controls containing normal maize and fish meal, with 16% CP (NM1) or 14% CP (NM2); three experimental in which normal maize was replaced by quality protein maize, with 16, 15 or 14% CP, QPM1, QPM2 or QPM3, respectively. In the laying period similar diets were used, but with lower CP contents: 15, 13, 15, 14 and 13%, respectively. The replacement of NM by QPM in the diet with 14% CP (QPM3) did not significantly reduce the performance of growing birds in comparison with birds fed the NM1 diet with 17% CP. The NM2 diet significantly (P 0.05) depressed growth and feed efficiency. In the laying period, QPM3 and NM2 diets (13% CP) depressed the pullets' performance. The obtained results indicate that the level of CP in the layer diets may be reduced to 14% when NM is replaced by QPM.
Global Poverty, Aid Advertisements, and Cognition: Do Media Images of the Developing World Lead to Positive or Negative Responses in Viewers

When viewing aid advertising portraying people living in poverty it is easy to automatically activate stereotypes. This can be uncomfortable and people may consciously attempt to avoid using those stereotypes. However, it has been shown that suppressing such stereotypes can rebound and lead to greater subsequent negative stereotypic behaviour. Recent research suggests rebound responses differ according to stereotype content (Kennedy & Hill, 2009). The current experiment compared behaviour in those who suppressed use of stereotypes of two dissimilar social outgroups: people living in poverty and people living in wealth. Effects differed; suppressors tended to be more negatively stereotypical when writing about the wealthy and less negatively stereotypical when writing about those in poverty. Behavioural measures (seating) also tended to diverge. Suppression appears to exaggerate later behavior and raises the possibility that viewers of aid advertising who avoid thinking stereotypically may find that their subsequent behaviour is more strongly driven by their stereotypes of people living in poverty than they may have wished, which in some cases can lead to greater negativity and a reduction of support.
JYVÄSKYLÄ UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION: ORGANIZATION'S AGE AND THE NATURE OF ITS INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR

This study examines the relationship of an organization's age and its innovative activity. The innovative activity of an organization is discussed and examined through the concepts of exploration and exploitation, basing on the previous literature on organizational ambidexterity. Three hypotheses on the relationship of aging and the innovative behavior of an organization are formed based on the ambidexterity literature and the theories of the effect of aging on an organization. These hypotheses are tested with logistic regression analyses on a patent data set covering the modern biotechnology industry in Finland between 1973–2008. The results of the analyses show that age has a weak but significant effect on the nature of an organization's innovative behavior. There are relatively few previous studies that empirically investigate the effect of aging on an organization's explorative and exploitative actions and the existing studies have provided contradictory and inconsistent results. This study aims to add clarity on the phenomenon and provide additional empirical evidence on it in order to better understand the effect of aging on innovative activity. The study contributes both to the aging literature by providing evidence on the effects of aging on innovative activity and the ambidexterity literature by providing empirical information on the relationship of exploration and exploitation on the firm level. Interesting questions for future research, such as the role of financing in predicting the nature of an organization's innovative behavior, also arise from the results of the study.
Traditional Cereal Food as Container of Probiotic Bacteria “Lb. rhamnosus GG”: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

This research paper aims at optimizing three parameters involved in solid state fermentation (SSF) using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to improve a traditional cereal food “Bsissa” in order to elaborate a new probiotic fermented breakfast cereal. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used and the optimal fermentation conditions were liquid to solid ratio: 1.2 (vw−1), fermentation time: 12 h, and sucrose concentration: 10.48 g (100 g DM)−1. Under these conditions, the viable LGG cells, the free amino nitrogen content, and the total acidity were obtained to be , 12.95 (mg g−1), and 6.46 (μmol g−1), respectively. After three weeks of refrigerated storage, the viability of LGG in the fermented Bsissa was . This study shows a new possibility to make an acceptable nonfermented dairy product based mainly on cereals, leguminous plants, spices, and aromatic herbs, which are suitable substrates able to support the high probiotic viability.
Histological categorization of stromal desmoplasia in breast cancer and its diagnostic and prognostic utility

The interplay between a tumor and its environment is exemplified by the morphological changes observed in the stroma of human breast cancer. These changes are evident as stromal desmoplastic reaction. This study evaluated the association of these stromal changes with Tumor size, Tumor grade and axillary node status. Histopathological evaluation showed marked correlation of desmoplastic reaction with higher grade and positive nodes were associated with immature desmoplastic reaction (p<0.05) however no association with tumor size was noted. In conclusion, stromal desmoplastic reaction can be potentially utilized to predict the grade and nodal status of patients. Therefore they can used as prognostic indicators and provide supplementary information regarding known adverse prognostic factors
Natural Antimicrobial Edible Film for Preservation of Paneer

The present study attempts to assess the efficacy of active packaging films incorporating natural antimicrobial agent like cinnamon essential oil (CEO) into sodium alginatecalcium formulations to extend the shelflife of paneer at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1 oC). Paneer, analogous to the western cottage cheese, is characterized by a short shelflife mainly due to spoilage by psychrotrophs, coliforms, yeasts and molds. Natural methods of preserving paneer are an improvement of food safety since there is growing concern among the population about the chemical nature of sorbates and other chemical preservatives used. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) has been identified to possess outstanding antioxidant activity as well as high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms. Paneer samples were left untreated (C), or were treated with alginatecalcium coating incorporating 2.5% cinnamon essential oil (CP). Proximate analyses, microbial and sensory analyses of all the samples were performed at regular intervals for a period of 15 days in order to determine the storage stability of the paneer samples. Cinnamon essential oil in alginatecalcium coating treatment could efficiently maintain the quality of the paneer samples during storage better than that of the control. Edible coating also increased the shelflife of paneer samples to 13 days from 56 days of the control sample.
How Project-Based Learning promotes 7th grade students' motivation and attitudes towards studying biology

Students' attitudes and motivations affect their learning process and their academic success. The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of the use of Project-Based Learning (PBL) on Arab sector middle-school students' attitudes and motivation towards biology. The study was conducted using a mixed design, quantitative as well as qualitative. The quantitative part took the form of questionnaires and the qualitative part consisted of a semi-structured interview with students. In this quasi experimental study, the research population consisted of 178 7th grade students of the Arab sector in northern Israel. The study's findings indicate that an intervention program consisting mainly of combining the teaching of biology with PBL resulted in both increased motivation among students and more positive attitudes towards biology. Students reported greater pleasure, curiosity, interest and cooperation as a result of using PBL in learning about the cell in biology. Introduction of PBL into standard teaching can bring about improvements in both students' motivation and their attitudes. It may be argued that the intervention that was applied in this case contributed to the improvement. The results helps in the formulation of recommendations for applying the PBL in biology and perhaps in other subjects as well.
Rethinking Regional Innovation and Change: Path Dependency or Regional Breakthrough?

Beyond Path Dependency and Competitive Convergence. - Tacit Knowledge, Path Dependency and Local Trajectories of Growth. - Regional Transformation and Regional Disequilibrium: New Knowledge Economies and their Discontents. - Switching ties, recombining teams: Avoiding lock-in through project organization? - Knowledge-intensive services as a key sector for processes of regional economic innovation: Leapfrogging and path dependency. - Entrepreneurship as a source of path dependency. - Geographical proximity and the diffusion of knowledge. - Continuities, ruptures, and re-bundling of regional development paths: Leipzig's metamorphosis. - Can less favored regions change their destiny? Lessons from Europe. - Innovation challenges and strategies in catch-up regions. - Path dependency in Baden-Wurttemberg: Lock-in or breakthrough? - Rethinking regional innovation policy. - On the role of global demand in local innovation processes. - The regionalization of innovation policy: New options for regional change?
The Effect of Perturbations of Frame Sequences and Fusion Frames on Their Duals

Fusion frames, and, more generally, operator-valued frame sequences are generalizations of classical frames, which are today a standard notion when redundant, yet stable sequences are required. However, the question of stability with respect to perturbations has not been satisfactorily answered. In this paper, we quantitatively measure this stability by considering the associated deviations of the canonical and alternate dual sequences from the original ones. It is proven that operator-valued frame sequences are indeed stable in this sense. Along the way, we also generalize existing definitions for fusion frame duals to the infinite-dimensional situation and analyse how they perform with respect to a list of desiderata which, to our minds, a fusion frame dual should satisfy. Finally, we prove a similar stability result as above for fusion frames and their canonical duals.
Interactive comment on “Dynamics of nitrogen oxides and ozone above and within a mixed hardwood forest in Northern Michigan” by B. Seok

The Model 42C-TL instrument used in this study uses a heated molybdenum oxide (MoO) catalyst to produce NO from oxidized nitrogen gases. This reviewer is correct in that the NOx values reported by this instrument are actually a fraction of total NOy due to the limited selectivity of the MoO converter. Winter et al. (1974) reported that aside from NO2, other reactive nitrogen species are converted to NO by the MoO catalyst and then reported as NO2. A recent intercomparison of different NOx measurement techniques within the ACTRIS project (Gilge et al. 2013) showed that instruments using a catalyst (e.g., MoO) differed from other measurement techniques (e.g., photolytical converter) by — on average — 2% for ambient NO and 3% for ambient NO2 measurements. This intercomparison by Gilge et al. (2013) was done at the Hohenpeissenberg Meteorological Observatory, which is a semi-rural site for monitoring background level air, quite comparable to UMBS. The results from Gilge et al. (2013) give additional confidence that the NO and NO2 values reported by the Model 42C-TL are usable for our study. We do not disregard the probability that in a complex mixture of oxidized nitrogen gases, the NO2 values reported by the Model 42C-TL may be more realistically a fraction of NOy. In the revised manuscript, we added discussion of the intercomparison study by
Decimalization, ETFs and futures pricing efficiency

This study investigates the impact of decimalization (penny pricing) on the arbitrage relationship between index exchange‐traded funds and E‐mini index futures. The empirical results reveal that subsequent to penny pricing, there is a significant fall in the mean ex ante arbitrage profit, especially in the cases with higher transaction costs. Using the ordinary least squares and quantile regressions to control for the influences of changes in other market characteristics, it is found that the overall pricing efficiency has deteriorated in the post‐decimalization period. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, due to the lowered market depth and increased execution risks, the introduction of decimalization has in general resulted in weakening the ability and the willingness of arbitrageurs to initiate arbitrage trades, which subsequently leads to a reduction in the general efficiency of the cash/futures pricing system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:157–178, 2009
Installed antenna performance in airborne radomes of different profiles

In this paper, broadband interactions between an antenna and a radome are modelled using a full wave numerical solver. By accurately describing both the antenna and the radome geometry with a single numerical method, a comprehensive prediction of the performance of the coupled antenna and radome installation is provided. The paper compares how different airborne dielectric radome profiles affect the antenna performance, predicting effects not seen in uncoupled simulations.
Soviet catches of right whales Eubalaena japonica and bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus in the North Pacific Ocean and the Okhotsk Sea

Both bowhead Balaena mysticetus and North Pacific (NP) right whales Eubalaena japonica were reduced to low levels by historical whaling. Despite their protected status, it is known that the USSR illegally killed both species in the NP and Okhotsk Sea (OS). Here, we pro- vide revised Soviet catch totals, as well as other new information on the distribution and other details of these catches. Right whale catches were made from 1962 to 1968 in the eastern NP and in 1967 and 1968 in the OS. Our best estimate of total right whale catches is 661, consisting of 529 for the eastern NP (compared to the previously published figure of 372) and 152 for the OS (cf. a previous figure of 136). Catches were distributed in the Bering Sea (BS, 115), eastern Aleutian Islands (28), Gulf of Alaska (GOA, 366), OS (132), and other areas (20). Detailed information on catches of 112 right whales taken in May/June 1963 shows a broad distribution in offshore waters of the GOA, consistent with 19th century historical whaling records. Other major areas in which right whales were caught include south of Kodiak Island, western Bristol Bay (southeastern BS), and the central OS off eastern Sakhalin Island. The best estimate of bowhead whale catches in the OS in 1967 and 1968 is 145 animals, although this is contingent upon certain assumptions regard- ing species identity. Of these, 79 were killed in the Shantar Islands region and 66 in Shelikhov Bay. The catches of both species primarily involved large mature animals, thus greatly inhibiting recovery of the populations concerned.
The Circumference Interorbital Index Of Ijaw And Igbo Ethnic Groups In Nigeria

Circumference interorbital index (C.I.I) is an important parameter in craniofacial anthropometry. The knowledge of its normal values for a particular region can be used in the treatment of certain craniofacial abnormalities. Thus the study was conducted to document and compare its values for possible ethnic differences between the two Nigerian ethnic groups (Ijaws and Igbos). A total of 1279adult Ijaws and Igbos were randomly selected for the study. These comprised 740 Ijaws and 539 Igbos. Four hundred and eight (408) of the Ijaws were males while 332 were females . Three hundred and thirty one(331) of the Igbos were males while 208 were females . The Igbos were selected from Enugu in Enugu State while Ijaws were selected from Yenagoa in Bayelsa State. The inner canthal distances (ICD) and head circumferences (HC) of the subjects were measured using standard anthropometric methods and circumference interorbital index calculated as ICD/H.C x 100. The result obtained showed that Ijaw females had a C.I. I of 8.10, Ijaw males 7.80, Igbo females 6.50, and Igbo males 6.20. Thus, Ijaw females (8.10) had the highest C.I. I while Igbo males (6.20) had the lowest. Significant differences (p<.05) were observed between the two ethnic groups. Also circumference interorbital index was found to be sexually dimorphic. The result of this study will be of importance in anthropology, genetics, forensic medicine and craniofacial surgery.
Detection of OXA-51 Carbapenemase Gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Case Report and a New Dimension on Carbapenemase Resistance

We investigated the occurence of genes associated with the production of carbapenem hydrolysing carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from ICU patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and resistance genes were characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing. The Modified Hodge Test (MHT), MBL E-test, EDTA and aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) combined disk diffusion method, and a disk enzymatic assay were performed for the screening of carbapenemases. MICs of carbapenems were as follows (mg/L) ertapenem 8, meropenem 1, imipenem 0.25 and doripenem 0.5. The isolate demonstrated positive results in the ESBL, EDTA and APBA combined tests, and disk enzymatic assay. PCR and sequencing revealed the presence of bla OXA-51 and bla CTX-M-15 beta-lactamase genes. Plasmids were not transferred to recipient E.coli by conjugation and transformation. In conclusion, we report on the first detection of the OXA-51 harboring K.pneumoniae isolate and co-produced a CTX-M-15 β-lactamase.
When Studying and Nudging Don't Go as Planned: Unsuccessful Attempts to Help Traditional and Online College Students

We evaluate two low-cost college support programs designed to target insufficient study time, a common occurrence among many undergraduates. We experimentally evaluate the programs across three distinct colleges, randomly assigning more than 9,000 students to construct a weekly schedule in an online planning module and to receive weekly study reminders or coach consultation via text message. Despite high participation and engagement, and treated students at two sites marginally increasing study time, we estimate precise null effects on student credit accumulation, course grades, and retention at each site for the full sample and for multiple subgroups. The results and other supplemental evidence suggest that low-touch programs that offer scheduling assistance, encouragement, and reminders for studying lack the required scope to significantly affect academic outcomes.
X-ray emitting hot plasma in solar active regions observed by the SphinX spectrometer

Aims. The detection of very hot plasma in the quiescent corona is important for diagnosing heating mechanisms. The presence and the amount of such hot plasma is currently debated. The SphinX instrument on-board the CORONAS-PHOTON mission is sensitive to X-ray emission of energies well above 1 keV and provides the opportunity to detect the hot plasma component. Methods. We analysed the X-ray spectra of the solar corona collected by the SphinX spectrometer in May 2009 (when two active regions were present). We modelled the spectrum extracted from the whole Sun over a time window of 17 days in the 1.34− 7k eV energy band by adopting the latest release of the APED database. Results. The SphinX broadband spectrum cannot be modelled by a single isothermal component of optically thin plasma and two components are necessary. In particular, the high statistical significance of the count rates and the accurate calibration of the spectrometer allowed us to detect a very hot component at ∼7 million K with an emission measure of ∼2.7 × 10 44 cm −3 . The X-ray emission from the hot plasma dominates the solar X-ray spectrum above 4 keV. We checked that this hot component is invariably present in both the high and low emission regimes, i.e. even excluding resolvable microflares. We also present and discuss the possibility of a non-thermal origin (which would be compatible with a weak contribution from thick-target bremsstrahlung) for this hard emission component. Conclusions. Our results support the nanoflare scenario and might confirm that a minor flaring activity is ever-present in the quiescent corona, as also inferred for the coronae of other stars.
The Impact of the Hotel Industry on the Competitiveness of Tourism Destinations in Hungary

This paper focuses on a complex question from the perspective of the hotel industry. It tries to draw attention to the importance of hotels, enhancing it on the basis of the tourism destination competitiveness models and introducing the role and place of the hotel industry in the most important models. The hotel industry research evaluates the most important tourism destinations of Hungary on the micro-regional level that justifies the importance and contribution of the hotels and accommodations to competitiveness and success of tourism destinations with exact results. As a result of the research, the micro-regional destinations can be ranged within three groups in Hungary. In the first group of the most developed and most competitive tourism destinations, the hotel industry plays a very important role. In these regions, the hotel industry has a significant effect not only on competitiveness of tourism but also on general development of the regions. In the second group, which can be still called tourism destination, tourism and the hotel industry both play a significant role, but only the competitiveness of tourism can be considered good, the effects of the tourism on general development of the region can be proved only to a lesser extent. In the third group, the effects of tourism and the hotel industry can only be experienced to a lesser extent. The majority of these regions are not considered to be attractive tourism destinations for tourists any more.