Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of phenotypic selection and hypocotyl properties as predictive selection criteria in pumpkin ( Cucurbita moschata Duch.) rootstock lines used for grafted cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) seedling cultivation

In recent years, grafted cucumber seedling use has been rapidly increasing worldwide, especially for providing tolerance to stress conditions and positively affecting yield potential. However, graft incompatibility is still an important issue in grafted seedling production. Hypocotyl properties of rootstocks and scions are of great importance for ensuring graft compatibility. This study aimed to select superior rootstock genotypes based on certain selection criteria, such as hypocotyl morphology, grafted seedling visual evaluation, and graft compatibility properties, of 42 pumpkin ( Cucurbita moschata ) genotypes that are included in the cucumber rootstock breeding program and are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum . Three C. moschata and three C. maxima × C. moschata rootstocks were used as control cultivars. All genotypes were grafted with the Gordion F 1 cucumber cultivar using the splice grafting method. In the pumpkin rootstock genotypes, the cross-sectional area of the hypocotyls varied between 3.47 mm 2 and 10.42 mm 2 , pith cavity area varied between 0.59 mm 2 and 4.14 mm 2 , and pith cavity rate varied between 10.3% and 65.2%. Vascular bundle numbers of the genotypes were between 6 and 12. In the rootstocks, success rates of the grafts ranged from 56% to 100%. Among the rootstock/scion combinations, 100% success rate was obtained in 19 inbred pumpkin rootstocks. Scion rooting never occurred in 11 of the pumpkin rootstocks. The correlation analysis of the investigated properties showed that there was a statistically nonsignificant relationship between the crosssectional area of the hypocotyl, vascular bundle number, and graft success rate (P > 0.05). The parameter with the greatest negative effect on graft success rate was scion rooting (r: -0.49, P < 0.05). The results showed that scion rooting depended on the pith cavity rate and decreased as the pith cavity rate decreased (r: 0.56, P < 0.05). The weighted-ranking method was employed to select the most promising pumpkin rootstock genotypes for grafted seedling production. According to the evaluations, 12 pumpkin rootstocks were selected as the most superior rootstock candidates. We aim to develop new hybrid rootstocks for cucumber in the near future by carrying out special combinations of tools from test-based hybridization studies among the selected pumpkin lines.
Impact of Capital Structure on Firms Profitability: Evidence from Cement Sector of Pakistan.

The objective of the study is to find the impact of capital structure on firm’s profitability of cement sector of Pakistan. A panel data of 18 firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange and data taken for the period of 10 year from 2006 to 2015. To indicate capital structure set of variables are used i.e. Debt/Equity Ratio, Debt Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, Short term debt ratio, and Long term debt to ratio and for Profitability i.e. Return on Asset, Return on Equity. The variables were analyzed through correlation and regression methodology by using EViews 9. Results demonstrate that debt ratio and long term debt ratio has negative and significant relationship with profitability determinants return on asset and return on equity. The short term debt ratio has positive and significant relationship with return on equity. Keywords: Return on equity, Debt, Equity, Capital Structure, Profitability, Asset
Servant Leadership and its Relationships with Core Self-Evaluation and Job Satisfaction

Servant leadership is a growing topic in the leadership literature. Our study considered servant leadership’s relationship to two outcomes, core self-evaluation and job satisfaction. The former is particularly noteworthy because if servant leadership predicts core self-evaluation this would confirm that servant leadership affects important changes in employees as people, a central tenet of servant leadership. In addition, if servant leadership predicts core self-evaluation, this could add to the question of whether core self-evaluation is a non-changeable personality trait or is potentially malleable. We conducted a field study of three firms and found that servant leadership predicts both core self-evaluation and job satisfaction, and that core self-evaluation also predicts job satisfaction. This study contributes to servant leadership, and in general to values-based leadership, by observing a predictive relationship to core self-evaluation, which potentially adds new information about the impact servant leadership can have on individuals. This study confirms the findings of previous authors who found that servant leadership predicts job satisfaction. Introduction Servant leadership is not a new idea; it is a tenet of many religions and of Lau Tzu, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and many others (Valeri, 2007). In modern times, in the business world, it began with Robert Greenleaf’s (1970) article, “The Servant as Leader,” and his subsequent formation of a center to promote and teach this form of leadership (Spears, 1995). The underlying notion is that there is a continuum of leadership values ranging from those who are servants first versus leaders first. The difference is in the values held and related actions of the leaders. LEN TISCHLER SCRANTON, PA ROBERT GIAMBATISTA SCRANTON, PA ROBERT MCKEAGE SCRANTON, PA DAVID MCCORMICK ADELPHI, MD
IMPLICIT DETECTION OF CHANGE: CAN WE DO WITHOUT AWARENESS?

D. Fernandez-Duque and I. M. Thornton (2000) seemingly demonstrated “unconscious detection of change” (p. 338), i.e. a person being able to register stimulus change without being aware of it. However, as the authors themselves point out, their experiment might harbor a potential flaw: the failure to include a control condition. In a series of two experiments, we tested participants’ ability to detect change, while not being aware of it, both in the absence and in the presence of a control condition. With the control condition absent, both experiments failed to replicate D. Fernandez-Duque and I. M. Thornton’s finding of an increase in change detection for unaware trials. With the control condition present, change detection did exceed the chance level. We argue that a correlated conscious strategy hypothesis offers a better account of the change detection results for unaware trials than the unconscious change detection hypothesis.
Modelling and simulations of nanostructures for Shipley SPR505A resist using PRIME process

The Positive Resist Image by dry Etching (PRIME) process is a high resolution lithography system incorporating electron beam exposure, silylation and dry development. The process steps in PRIME with Shipley SPR505A resist have been modeled and simulations of nanostructures (50nm lines/spaces, 30nm single line) has been presented. The silylation process step in PRIME with SPR505A resist has been experimentally characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy.
State-Dependent Transmission of Monetary Policy in the Euro Area

In this paper, we estimate a logit mixture vector autoregressive (Logit-MVAR) model describing monetary policy transmission in the euro area over the period 1999–2015. MVARs allow us to differentiate between different states of the economy. In our model, the state weights are determined by an underlying logit model. In contrast to other classes of non-linear VARs, the regime affiliation is neither strictly binary nor binary with a (short) transition period. We show that monetary policy transmission in the euro area can indeed be described as a mixture of two states. The first (second) state with an overall share of 80% (20%) can be interpreted as a “normal state” (“crisis state”). In both states, output and prices are found to decrease after monetary policy shocks. During “crisis times,” the contraction is much stronger, as the peak effect is more than twice as large when compared to “normal times. ” In contrast, the effect of monetary policy shocks is less enduring in crisis times. Both findings provide a strong indication that the transmission mechanism is indeed different for the euro area during times of economic and financial distress.
The Use of Hedges in the Speech of ESL Learners

This study investigates the use of hedges (mitigating expressions like I think or sort of) in the speech of learners of English at multiple proficiency levels as well as of native speakers. Hedges are used to mod erate the force of an utterance or the certainty of its content and therefore play an important role in interpersonal communication. The results of this study show that learners generally underuse hedges in comparison with native speakers, although learners at the highest proficiency level use hedges at a rate comparable to that of native speakers. The range of hedges is generally similar across levels. In both the rate and the range of hedge use, striking changes appear to take place between the second highest and the highest proficiency level. The results are discussed in terms of their importance for comparing data from different task types and discourse types.
Morphomolecular characterization of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Fr.) kummer strains in relation to luminosity and temperature of frutification

Temperature is one of the main factors affecting mushrooms development and introduction in new areas. Effects of temperature (15oC and 28oC) and luminosity (120 and 900 lux) were evaluated for eight P. ostreatus strains in relation to precocity, yield, pileus area, stalk formation pattern, coloration and handling resistance. Genetic variability of strains was analysed by the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. The Pos 98/37 strain was the only to yield white pileus at 28oC - 900 lux, and grey ones at 15oC and 120 lux. The Pos 96/05 strain, the latest, produced lead-coloured pileus at 15oC, as did the remaining strains at this temperature. Strains cultivated at 15oC did not differ in relation to handling resistance. At 28oC mushrooms were less resistant. In relation to yield, the Pos 98/38 strain was significantly more efficient. The Pos 98/37 strain, at 28oC, as compared to the same strain at 15oC, was more efficient and had an asymmetric stalk formation pattern. Among strains cultivated at 15oC, the stalk formation pattern was symmetric, except for the Pos 97/15 and Pos 97/17 strains. Molecular characterization of the Pos 98/37 strain was 30% similar to the remaining strains. The temperature of fructification and luminosity influence the induction and development of the isolates.
On the possible use of radio occultation middle latitude electron density profiles to retrieve thermospheric parameters

This paper investigates possible use of middle latitude daytime COSMIC and CHAMP ionospheric radio occultation (IRO) electron density profiles (EDPs) to retrieve thermospheric parameters, based on the method. The aim of this investigation is to assess the applicability of this type of observations for the routine implementation of the method. According to the results extracted from the analysis presented here, about half of COSMIC IRO EDP observed under solar minimum (2007–2008) conditions gave neutral gas density with an inaccuracy close to the declared absolute inaccuracy ±(10–15)% of CHAMP observations, with the results being better than the empirical models JB-2008 and MSISE-00 provide. For the other half of IRO EDP, either the solution provided by the method had to be rejected due to insufficient accuracy or no solution could be obtained. For these cases, the parameters foF2 and hmF2 extracted from the corresponding IRO profiles have been found to be inconsistent with the classic mid-latitude daytime F2-layer formalism that the method relies on, and they are incompatible with the general trend provided by the IRI model. For solar maximum conditions (2002) the method was tested with IRO EDP from CHAMP and it is indicated that its performance is quite stable in the sense that a solution could be obtained for all the cases analyzed here. However available CHAMP EDP are confined by ~ 400 km in altitude and this might be the reason for the 20% bias of the retrieved densities toward larger values in respect to the observed densities. IRO observations up to 600 km under solar maximum are required to confirm the exact performance of the method.
Earnings Management in the Banking Industry : The consequences of IFRS implementation on discretionary use of loan loss provisions

textabstractExecutive summary Prior research suggests that banks have an incentive to smooth income through loan loss provisions (LLPs), but there has been no research on the effects of IFRS implementation on this. Using a sample of European banks and a single-stage regression that models the nondiscretionary part of LLPs and tests for income smoothing I examine first whether the level of earnings management by banks through loan loss provisioning has decreased since the IFRS-adoption. And second, whether loan loss disclosure requirements are negatively related to banks’ income smoothing. Results show that the level of earnings management has indeed decreased since IFRS adoption. However, evidence suggests that detailed disclosure requirements regarding loan loss accounting do not deter bank managers from using LLPs to their discretion for income smoothing.
Association between p 53 codon 72 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus

Mohammad Nabavi1, Abbas Ghaderi2, Mohammad Javad Fattahi2, N. Danaie3, R. Zangooie4, Mohammad Faranoush5 1Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran 2Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 4MAHAK Hospital, Semnan, Iran 5Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Increased Tolerance to Wheat Powdery Mildew by Heterologous Constitutive Expression of the Solanum chacoense snakin-1 Gene

Great efforts are currently being devoted to studying the use of transgenes to confer resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Snakin-1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide isolated from Solanum that is ac - tive in vitro against bacteria and fungi. Recently, it was reported that overexpression of the snakin-1 (SN1) gene in transgenic potato plants enhanced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Erwinia carotovora. In this work wheat transgenic plants that constitutively expressed the S. chacoense SN1 gene were challenged with Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. Enhanced resistance to the pathogen was observed in two transgenic lines in which the development of the disease was delayed and reduced compared with the wild type variety ProINTA Federal. An association between high resistance to the pathogen and a high level of snakin-1 transcripts in the plant was observed. This is the first report on SN1 gene expression in Gramineae and its effects on wheat powdery
A reconceptualization of gastronomy as relational and reflexive

This article focuses on the increasing fashionableness of gastronomic forms: their ‘symbolic enhancement’, and the ensuing incorporation of their forms into tourism, policy, destination management and marketing. The symbolic (although also material) enhancement of gastronomy may also lead to its objectification rather than acknowledging that gastronomy is an abstraction, and something that is negotiated constantly amongst the members of a society. Unfortunately, the inadvertent consequence of some studies focusing on the promotion and management of gastronomy, with respect to tourism and destination management, has been the formalization of such a normative approach with a tendency to link gastronomy with the wider debates on heritage. This article proposes a different way of looking at gastronomy: one in which gastronomy is relational, reflexive and negotiable – not fixed. This is a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on sociological and cultural studies of ­tourism, gastronomy, identity, reflexivity and consumption.
Holographic Bjorken flow of a hot and dense fluid in the vicinity of a critical point

In this paper we use the gauge/gravity duality to perform the first systematic study of the onset of hydrodynamic behavior in a hot and dense far-from-equilibrium strongly coupled relativistic fluid with a critical point. By employing a top-down holographic construction that stems from string theory, we numerically obtain the full nonlinear evolution of the far-from-equilibrium system undergoing a Bjorken expansion and address the following question: how does hydrodynamic behavior emerge in the vicinity of a critical point in the phase diagram? For the top-down holographic system analyzed in the present work, we find that the approach to hydrodynamics is strongly affected by the presence of the critical point: the closer the ratio between the chemical potential and the temperature is to its critical value, the longer it takes for the system to be well described by the equations of viscous hydrodynamics.
The Amino Acid Distribution in Laboratory Analogs of Extraterrestrial Organic Matter: A Comparison to CM Chondrites

Laboratory experiments that simulate the photo- and thermo-chemistry of extraterrestrial ices always lead to the formation of semi-refractory organic residues. These residues can be considered as laboratory analogs for the primitive organic matter incorporated into comets and asteroids. Many specific organic molecules have been detected in them. Here we focus on amino acids because of their possible relevance to further prebiotic chemistry on Earth as well as in other solar system bodies. We compare the amino acid content and distribution measured in organic residues produced in our photochemical experiments to those observed in various CM chondrites presenting an increasing degree of aqueous alteration, a process that is thought to impact amino acid chemistry. We find that the amino acid profile of our residues shows similarities with that of the least aqueously altered CM chondrites. In particular, the β-alanine to glycine ratio is comparable to the one measured in the Paris meteorite, a minimally altered CM chondrite, and matches the trend followed by other CM chondrites with different degrees of aqueous alteration. Additionally, the relative abundances of α-, β-, and γ-amino acids in one of our residues are similar to those of the least altered CM chondrites. These results support the idea of a general formation process for amino acids from photo- and thermo-processing of icy grains as an important source for the inventory of amino acids in the early solar system.
Running head : EXPECTATION , INTENTION , AND ABSURDITY THE EFFECT OF EXPECTATION AND INTENTION ON THE APPRECATION OF ABSURD HUMOUR

Violations to our sense of meaning have traditionally been thought of as a source of anxiety and threat. However, meaning violations can also be a source of humour, as is evidenced by their abundant use within comedy in the form of absurd humour. The present study investigated this apparent paradox by examining the effects of expecting absurdity and perceiving an intention to be funny on humour ratings of absurd jokes. The roles of various individual differences were also investigated. Results indicated that expecting absurdity increased funniness of the first absurd joke encountered. Perceived intention to be funny did not affect funniness ratings. When controlling for individual differences, there was also a significant interaction between Expectation and Intention, although the direction of this effect differed depending on which individual difference was controlled. EXPECTATION, INTENTION, AND ABSURDITY iii
Changing Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies through Experiential Learning: Evidence from Entrepreneurship Education in Singapore's Tertiary Education Institutions

This paper examines whether the introduction of entrepreneurship education based on concepts of experiential learning into the university curriculum has had any positive effect on changing the entrepreneurial perceptions, intentions and competencies of tertiary education students. The paper uses Kolb’s model of experiential learning as a conceptual framework to interpret the actions taken by the Singapore universities in introducing various forms of entrepreneurship education schemes. Although it finds that there is evidence to support claims that entrepreneurship education based on experiential learning in undergraduate courses has had a positive effect on changing entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions among Singapore university students, the findings for entrepreneurial competencies are inconclusive as important aspects of tolerance of failure and opportunity recognition do not seem to have been positively affected.
The Dual Process Account of Reasoning: Historical Roots, Problems and Perspectives

Despite the great effort that has been dedicated to the attempt to redefine expected utility theory on the grounds of new assumptions, modifying or moderating some axioms, none of the alternative theories propounded so far had a statistical confirmation over the full domain of applicability. Moreover, the discrepancy between prescriptions and behaviors is not limited to expected utility theory. In two other fundamental fields, probability and logic, substantial evidence shows that human activities deviate from the prescriptions of the theoretical models. The paper suggests that the discrepancy cannot be ascribed to an imperfect axiomatic description of human choice, but to some more general features of human reasoning and assumes the i? ½dual-process account of reasoningi? ½ as a promising explanatory key. This line of thought is based on the distinction between the process of deliberate reasoning and that of intuition; where in a first approximation, i? ½intuitioni? ½ denotes a mental activity largely automatized and inaccessible from conscious mental activity. The analysis of the interactions between these two processes provides the basis for explaining the persistence of the gap between normative and behavioral patterns. This view will be explored in the following pages: central consideration will be given to the problem of the interactions between rationality and intuition, and the correlated i? ½modularityi? ½ of the thought.
Short-term effects of fire on plant cover and soil conditions in two Austrocedrus chilensis (cypress) forests in Patagonia, Argentina

On analyse ici les effets du feu a court terme sur la couverture vegetale, la temperature (0, 5, 20, et 30 cm de profondeur) et l'humidite du sol (0-16, 20-36, et 40-56 cm de profondeur) dans deux peuplements de cypres en Patagonie, Argentine, au long de deux annees. Les peuplements (Trevelin = xerique; Bolson = messique) presentent trois traitements : non-brule (UN), partiellement brule (PB) et totalement brule (CB). A Trevelin, 4 et 6 ans apres le feu, la couverture du sous-bois inferieur augmenta (CB > PB > UN) tandis que celle du sous-bois superieur diminua (CB = PB CB > UN) a chaque profondeur et a chaque date. Dans les deux peuplements, l'humidite du sol a ete nettement plus haute pour les traitements brules. Tandis que la couverture vegetale pourrait avoir des effets de protection et que l'humidite du sol n'apparait pas comme etant limitative, les hautes temperatures du sol semblent etre restrictives pour l'etablissement des cypres a la suite du feu, notamment dans les sites xeriques.