Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are we Predisposed to Behave Securely? Influence of Risk Disposition on Individual Security Behaviours

Employees continue to be the weak link in organizational security management and efforts to improve the security of employee behaviors have not been as effective as hoped. Researchers contend that security-related decision making is primarily based on risk perception. There is also a belief that, if changed, this could improve security-related compliance. The extant research has primarily focused on applying theories that assume rational decision making e.g. protection motivation and deterrence theories. This work presumes we can influence employees towards compliance with information security policies and by means of fear appeals and threatened sanctions. However, it is now becoming clear that security-related decision making is complex and nuanced, not a simple carrotand stickrelated situation. Dispositional and situational factors interact and interplay to influence security decisions. In this paper, we present a model that positions psychological disposition of individuals in terms of risk tolerance vs. risk aversion and proposes research to explore how this factor influences security behaviors. We propose a model that acknowledges the impact of employees’ individual dispositional risk propensity as well as their situational risk perceptions on security-related decisions. It is crucial to understand this decision-making phenomenon as a foundation for designing effective interventions to reduce such risk taking. We conclude by offering suggestions for further research.
Deep functional analysis of synII , a 770 kb synthetic yeast chromosome

Herein we report the successful design, construction and characterization of a 770 kb synthetic yeast chromosome II ( synII ). Our study incorporates characterization at multiple levels, including phenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, chromosome segregation and replication analysis to provide a thorough and comprehensive analysis of a synthetic chromosome. Our “Trans-Omics” analyses reveal a modest but potentially significant pervasive up-regulation of translational machinery observed in synII is mainly caused by the deletion of 13 tRNAs. By both complementation assays and SCRaMbLE, we targeted and debuged the origin of a growth defect at 37°C in glycerol medium, which is related to misregulation of the HOG response. Despite the subtle differences, the synII strain shows highly consistent biological processes comparable to the native strain.
Experiences in fosfomycin susceptibility testing and resistance mechanism determination in Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections in the UK

Purpose. With an increase in the numbers of bacterial isolates resistant to first‐line antibiotics, there has been a revival in the use of older drugs including fosfomycin with novel mechanisms of action. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotypic nature of fosfomycin resistance in Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections (UTIs) using the various methods available in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Methodology. In total, 1000 culture‐positive urine samples were assessed for the presence of E. coli and fosfomycin susceptibility was determined using the MAST Uri system, microbroth dilution, agar dilution and E‐test strips. Results/Key findings. Initial investigation using breakpoint susceptibility testing on the MAST Uri system identified 62 of 657 (9.5 %) E. coli isolates as fosfomycin‐resistant (MIC≥32 &mgr;g ml−1). However, on further testing, a lower rate of eight of the 62 (1.3 %) were robustly confirmed to be resistant using microbroth dilution, agar dilution and E‐test strips. These true resistant isolates belonged to diverse E. coli multi‐locus sequence types and each had a unique set of chromosomal alterations in genes associated with fosfomycin resistance. Fosfomycin‐resistant isolates were not multiply drug resistant and did not carry plasmidic fosfomycin resistance genes. Therefore, the use of fosfomycin may be unlikely to drive selection of a particular clone or movement of transferrable resistance genes. Conclusion. Fosfomycin remains a viable option for the treatment of E. coli in uncomplicated UTIs; different susceptibility testing platforms can give very different results regarding the prevalence of fosfomycin resistance, with false positives being a potential problem that may unnecessarily limit the use of this agent.
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase in chronic inflammation: from pathophysiology to therapy

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) not only plays a role in differentiation and activa- tion of B-cells but is also involved in regulating signaling in myeloid cell populations, mast cells, platelets, and osteoclasts. Btk plays a critical role in B-cell receptor signaling and has been shown to be involved in CD40 ligation, Toll-like receptor triggering, and Fc-receptor signaling as well, suggesting that targeting Btk might be particularly useful in autoimmune diseases characterized by pathologic antibodies, macrophage activation, and myeloid-derived type I interferon responses. Btk knockout and X-linked immunodeficiency mouse material and X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient samples are powerful tools to examine the role of Btk in health and disease. In addition, the recent development of several covalent and noncovalent small-molecule inhibitors specifically targeting Btk can contribute to our understanding of the functional role of Btk in several cell types and disease mechanisms. Specific Btk inhibitors have been used in both in vitro and in vivo models for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and Sjogren's syndrome. The current small-molecule Btk inhibitors have demonstrated potent and selective Btk inhibition in preclinical studies, and some inhibitors have propelled the clinical develop- ment of such molecules toward clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Future studies on the effectiveness of Btk inhibition in other autoimmune diseases could further broaden the understanding of the disease mechanisms as well as lead to new targeted therapies.
CORRIGENDUM FOR "Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Differential Diagnosis, Molecular Genetic Evaluation, and Implications".

In the above-named article by Finken MJJ, van der Steen M, Smeets CCJ, Walenkamp MJE, de Bruin C, Hokken-Koelega ACS, andWit JM (Endocrine Reviews (2018) 39(6):851-894 doi: 10.210/er.2018-00083), the following error occurred: On page 878, the footnote for Table 9 reads, "aIn prepuberty twice yearly. " It should read, "aIn prepuberty biennially. ".
Candidates' Uncertainty and Error Distribution Models in Electoral Competitions

Error distribution models provide a simple and convenient approach for introducing candidates' uncertainty in voting models. In such models, given a profile of announced strategies by the players, each candidate can compute the fraction of voters that will vote for him but only up to a random error. We show that the standard practice of assuming that the random error term enters the model additively and that it is independent of the announced policies actually leads to logical inconsistencies. Specifically, we list three assumptions that are frequently imposed when the error distribution approach is used. We then show that, under such assumptions, the error distribution models imply that some candidates believe that certain logically impossible events can take place with a strictly positive probability. We propose a modification of error distribution models that circumvents this problem. Moreover, for electoral competition between two candidates over a unidimensional policy space, our modified model allows us to investigate the pure strategy strategy Nash equilibria of voting games that incorporate voter bias as well as incorporating disagreement between the candidates regarding the preferences of the voters.
Experienced Speed of Time in Durations of Known and Unknown Length

Experienced speed of time was modeled as a function of subjective duration and a negative exponential function was derived. In 3 experiments on the perception of retrospective and prospective durations, using the method of reproduction, speed of time and pleasantness/unpleasantness of the sound indicating the durations were estimated, both on 7-point scales. Since retrospective time perception was being studied, the 120 subjects were not informed that their task concerned time perception when a standard duration (1 out of 10, ranging between 1.3 and 20 s) was presented. The estimates differed for both variables, depending on whether the target was the standard duration, presented first in the experiments, or its reproduction. The exponential function for speed of time was confirmed for the standard duration as target; with the reproduction as target, time passed faster without systematic variations with duration. Unpleasantness varied only slightly and was about half a scale unit less in estimations of reproductions. These findings are attributed primarily to whether the target duration was unknown (the retrospectively presented standard duration) or known (the reproduction).
Customers' Intention to Switch to Mobile Self-Service Technologies

Self-service technologies (SST) such as online check-ins are more and more becoming an integral part of our daily routines. However, while kiosk SST such as automated teller machines in banking are widely used, mobile SST are just beginning to capture the market. Enforcing customers to switch from kiosk to mobile SST sometimes still turns out to be difficult due to routine seeking, privacy risks, or fear of complex user interfaces. As a result, users are locked into a status quo and do not switch to mobile technologies. Thus, there is a need to better understand why customers switch from kiosk to mobile SST. Against this background, the aim of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing customers’ intention to switch from kiosk to mobile SST. We investigate the positive and negative determinants, which constitute the positive and negative valence of mobile SST as factors influencing the intention to switch. Our study expands existing research by outlining the particular importance of the positive valence for the customers’ intention to switch. We further show that multifunctionality, compatibility with the lifestyle, and enjoyment constitute the most crucial positive determinants rather than prestige reasons.
Architecture's 'other' : an ontological reading of the abject relationship with interior design

This research was undertaken as part of the requirements for the degree Master of Interior Architecture at the University of Pretoria (Konigk, 2011). The research was completed with financial assistance in the form of a postgraduate scholarship from the University of Pretoria. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the University of Pretoria.
Changes in the configuration and patterns of physical activity among Mongolian adults, 2005–2013

Objective: This study examined the change in physical activity status and patterns and their associations with urban and rural residence and employment status in Mongolia. Methods: We analyzed data from 7,738 adults aged from 20 to 64 years (n = 2,877 and 4,861 for 2005 and 2013, respectively) from the Mongolian STEPS Survey on the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors (NCD-STEPS survey). Physical activity in three domains, including work (occupational and household work); transport (walk or cycling); and leisure (sport or fitness) was measured by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Physical activity levels were classified into three groups: low, moderate, and high according to the GPAQ analysis framework. The associations between physical activity time, residential area, and employment status were examined using a multivariate negative binomial regression model. Results: The percentage of respondents with low-level physical activity increased from 10.9% in 2005 to 27.2% in 2013. The median minutes of physical activity time per week were 1,020 in 2005 and 600 in 2013. Physical activity time at work, transport and overall decreased in 2013. Work-related physical activity was the most dominant component of physical activity time (55.6% in 2005 and 54.6% in 2013), the transport domain was the second-highest contributor of physical activity time in 2005 (24.0%) and was replaced by the leisure domain (26.8%) in 2013. Rural residents practiced more physical activity at work, transport, and leisure than urban residents did in 2005 (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.47; PR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.14–1.29; and PR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.13–1.30, respectively), but there was no significant difference by residential area in 2013. Mongolian adults with higher educational attainment, employee status, and non-employment status were less likely to engage in physical activity compared to those among adults with lower educational attainment and self-employed status.
Meal size effects on the postprandial metabolic response of Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes: Viperidae)

We examined the effects of meal size on the postprandial metabolic response of the lancehead Bothrops alternatus (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1894), fed mice equaling to 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the snake's body mass. The maximum O 2 consumption rates measured during digestion increased with meal size, reaching levels up to 2.8-7.8-fold higher than the metabolic rate measured during fasting. Specific Dynamic Action (SDA) duration also increased with meal size, lasting from 54 to 212 hours to complete. Under our experimental conditions, 30°C, the majority of our snakes failed to completely digest prey with a relative size of 40%. The SDA coefficient ranged from 17 to 27% of the energy content of the meal and was not affected by meal size.
The link between foreign language classroom anxiety and psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism among adult Bi- and multilinguals.

The present study focuses on the link between three global personality traits (Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism), one sociobiographical factor (knowledge of languages), and levels of foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA; Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986) in the second (L2), third (DO), and fourth (L4) language of two groups of adult language learners and users. The first group consisted of 86 students who were enrolled at Birkbeck College, University of London, and the second group consisted of 62 students from University of Les Illes Balears in Mallorca, Spain. The main aim was to examine whether, as is generally reported in the Second Language Acquisition literature, FLCA is unrelated to a basic personality trait reflecting anxiety (Neuroticism). Contrary to other findings in the field, correlation analyses revealed a significant link between Neuroticism and FLCA in the foreign languages of both groups, sharing between 9% and 25% of variance. Moderately significant relationships were found among Psychoticism, Extraversion, and FLCA in one group only. Language knowledge had an effect on FLCA in some languages. Strong correlations between FLCA values in L2, DO, and L4 suggest that levels of FLCA are relatively stable across the foreign languages known by the learners/users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Occurrence and distribution of larval lanternfish (Myctophidae) from the southwest Atlantic Ocean

This study analyzes the occurrence and distribution of lanternfish (Myctophidae) larvae along the Brazilian coast (12-22oS) between 200 m and the surface. Three cruises were conducted during the spring/1998, winter/1999 and autumn/2000. A total of 3,394 lanternfish larvae were identified representing 27 species and Lepidophanes guentheri (Goode & Bean, 1896) was the most abundant. Most of the identified taxa were in the postflexion stage. Myctophid larvae were more numerous during the winter. Most taxa were distributed widely from 12-22oS, including some seamounts, and occurred mainly outside the 1,000 m isobath. Although there was no difference in the myctophid community among the coastal, oceanic and seamount regions it was significantly different during the three seasons. During the spring and autumn Hygophum reinhardtii (Lutken, 1892) was the discriminating species while in the winter there were more L. guentheri.
Replicating Replication: Due Diligence in Roodman and Morduch's Replication of Pitt and Khandker (1998)

"The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence,"by David Roodman and Jonathan Morduch (2011) is the most recent of a sequence of papers and postings that seeks to refute the findings of the Pitt and Khandker (1998) article"The Impact of Group-Based Credit on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of Participants Matter? "that microcredit for women had significant, favorable effects on poverty reduction. In this paper the authors show that these latest Roodman and Morduch claims are based on seriously flawed econometric methods and theory and a lack of due diligence in formulating models and interpreting output from packaged software. On the basis of Roodman and Morduch's preferred two-stage least squares regression, an alternative calculation of the standard errors would lead one to conclude that the problem with Pitt and Khandker is that they underestimate the positive and statistically significant effect of women's credit on household consumption. As in their previous efforts, the methods of Roodman and Morduch are shown to bias the findings in the direction of rejecting the results of Pitt and Khandker. We also further examine two aspects of our instrumental variable approach that have been attacked by Roodman and Morduch. The first is the validity of the exclusion restrictions underlying the use of interactions between program choice and the set of exogenous variables (including the village fixed effects) as instruments. The second is the application of the"one-half acre"program eligibility rule. The authors show that identification does not require both of these, and present new results dropping each assumption in turn. The results originally reported in the Pitt and Khandker paper hold up extremely well in this new analysis.
Exotic Electronic Properties of Ruthenates and Related Materials

The ternary ruthenates of the Ruddlesden-Popper series Srn+1RunO3n+1 have attracted much interest in the last two decades due to the variety of their different ground states. These states, ranging from unconventional superconductivity (single-layer) over metamagnetic behavior with a new low-temperature phase (bilayer) to itinerant ferromagnetism (infinite-layer compound), are often in close competition and therefore crucially depend on system parameters and crystal purity. After a general introduction into these layered compounds and their properties, the discussion in this thesis concentrates on selected exotic phenomena in the strontium ruthenates which are explored within different theoretical frameworks. The c-axis transport of the single layer Sr2RuO4 exhibits an anomalous temperature dependence with a crossover from metallic to insulating behavior upon increasing temperature. In a first part, it is shown how this phenomenon can be understood in terms of a twoto one-dimensional crossover within the basal plane and the associated loss of spectral weight. For this purpose, a slave-boson mean-field approach for the two quasi-one-dimensional bands originating from the dzx and dyz orbitals is adopted in a first step. This allows to account for strong correlations which, in one dimension, result in spin-charge separation. Then, the Green’s function of coherent spinon-holon pairs is analyzed within an RPA-like formalism. Our result indeed yields a built-up of spectral weight when the temperature is lowered, thus leading to the aforementioned crossover in the c-axis-transport behavior. State-of-the-art crystals of the bilayer strontium ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7 are grown with residual resistivities ρres < 1μΩ cm. They show a fascinating phase diagram with a line of critical endpoints connected to a metamagnetic transition with T ∗ decreasing from 1.25 K for in-plane fields down to 0 K when the magnetic field is tilted towards the c axis. The putative quantum critical endpoint is avoided by the system entering an intermediate phase. Why this phase, which is argued to be of electronic nematic order, only appears for fields almost parallel to the c axis is the subject of the second part of this thesis. The metamagnetic transition and the intermediate phase, often described as a Pomeranchuk instability in the l = 2 channel, can be based on a van Hove singularity scenario. The present
Comparative evaluation of bond strength of self-adhering flowable composites to the dentin prepared with different burs: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhering flowable composites on the dentinal surface prepared with carbide and diamond burs. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 extracted mandibular molars were mounted on acrylic resin blocks, and the coronal part of the dentin was exposed and polished. Then, they were divided into Group 1 and Group 2 for carbide and diamond bur preparation, respectively. Two teeth in each group were evaluated under scanning electron microscope, ×500, to view the surface changes following the bur preparation. The remaining teeth were subdivided into Groups A, B, and C to be restored with Constic, Dyad™-flow, and Tetric N Flow composites, respectively. Then, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, and then subjected to universal testing machine to evaluate the SBS and viewed under light stereomicroscope to evaluate the type of failure. Statistical Analysis: SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp) for Windows was used for statistical analysis. The values were subjected to ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis. The values between the groups were analyzed using Student's unpaired t-test. Results: Statistically significant differences in the SBS values were seen between Groups A and C (P < 0.001) and Groups B and C (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were seen in SBS values of Dyad-flow (Group B) (P < 0.004) and Tetric N flow (P < 0.007) for surfaces prepared with carbide and diamond burs. Conclusion: It was concluded that the SBS of Tetric-N Flow was higher than that of the experimental groups of Constic and Dyad-flow. Dentinal surface preparation with carbide bur resulted in higher SBS for Tetric N Flow and Dyad-flow but not for Constic.
Lending Standards, Credit Booms and Monetary Policy

This paper investigates the risk channel of monetary policy on the asset side of banks' balance sheets. We use a factoraugmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model to show that aggregate lending standards of U.S. banks, such as their collateral requirements for firms, are significantly loosened in response to an unexpected decrease in the Federal Funds rate. Based on this evidence, we reformulate the costly state verification (CSV) contract to allow for an active financial intermediary, embed it in a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, and show that - consistent with our empirical findings - an expansionary monetary policy shock implies a temporary increase in bank lending relative to borrower collateral. In the model, this is accompanied by a higher default rate of borrowers.