Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral Acetazolamide Administration to Control Intraocular Pressure on First Day Post Phacoemulsification Surgery : Is It Necessary ?

Introduction : The incidence of early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) increase is reported to be 2.3–8.9% in phacoemulsification surgery. This increase typically peaks at 3–7 hours after surgery and persists during the first 24 hours. Although most eyes can tolerate the transient IOP elevation that occurs after cataract surgery, IOP spikes are potentially more dangerous if it persist. In order to minimize postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) rise, routine medication by oral acetazolamide has been widely used among ophthalmologists. Objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between IOP changes on first day after phacoemulsification with administration of oral acetazolamide. Method : This is a descriptive study. The samples were include 50 patients diagnosed with cataract who underwent phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantatios. Samples were randomized divided into two groups. First group is patient who treated with 250 mg acetazolamide post operative and other group is untreated. All respondents must have no history of glaucoma or ocular hypertensive and attend follow up on the first day postoperative. IOP is measured with non-contact tonometer. Results : Mean age of respondents is 61  9.8 years old. Preoperative IOP mean is 18.04  3.6 mmHg and postoperative IOP mean is 18.58  6.9 mmHg. This study revealed that there is no significant relation between oral administration of acetazolamide and the lowering of intraocular pressure on first day post phacoemulsification(p = 0.2) Visual acuity pre operative and nuclear density of cataract are also no relationship with the IOP on first day postoperative (p = 0.2 ) Conclusion : The use of oral acetazolamide is not significantly related to the IOP on first day post phacoemulsification surgery.
Knowledge, Family Support and Self-Reliance Capital when Caring for Low Birth Weight Babies

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants are very susceptible to illness.LBW treatment with the principle of preventing infection is very important athome. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship betweenmaternal knowledge and family support with the prevention of infection at home.Methods: This study used a correlation design. The samples were 160 motherswho had low birth weight infants with inclusion criteria mothers give birth tobabies weighing less than 2,500 grams with ages 0-2 months. The samples wereobtained through purposive sampling. The dependent variable was the mother'sability to prevent infection while the independent variable was the mother'sknowledge and family support. The instruments used were questionnaires. Thisresearch analyzed using Spearman Rho.Results: The results showed that there was a strong correlation betweenknowledge and the ability to prevent infection in treating low birth weight (r =0.696; p = 0.00) and that there was a moderate correlation between familysupport and infection prevention ability when treating a low birth weight (r =0.54. p = 0.000). Conclusion: Factors of maternal knowledge about infection prevention andfamily support need to be considered in increasing the ability of mothers to carefor babies with LBW. The factor of maternal knowledge about prevention ofinfection has a strong correlation value when compared to family support factors.Further research is needed on the model of increasing maternal knowledge aboutLBW infants during home care.
Effect of Terminalia catappa Linn. on Biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata and on Changes in Color and Roughness of Acrylic Resin

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the n-butanol fraction of Terminalia catappa Linn. , (FBuTC) on biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, as well as changes in color and roughness of polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA). The susceptibility of C. albicans and C. glabrata to FBuTC was evaluated by means of the Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MIC and MFC). PMMA acrylic resin discs (N= 108) were fabricated. For the susceptibility tests, biofilms of C. albicans and C. glabrata were developed on discs for 48 h and immersed in phosphate-saline buffer solution (PBS), 1% sodium hypochlorite (SH 1%), or FBuTC at MIC, 5xMIC, or 10xMIC. For the color and roughness change tests, the discs were immersed in distilled water, SH 1%, or FBuTC in the concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, or 25.0 mg/mL. After 28 days of incubation, color change was evaluated by spectrophotometry and roughness, by using a profilometer. The biofilms were investigated by one-way ANOVA and, the color and roughness changes (two-way ANOVA and the Tukey test; α=0.05). For both MIC and MFC the value of 0.25 mg/mL of FBuTC was observed for the planktonic cells of C. albicans and C. glabrata. Exposure to FBuTC at 10xMIC had a significant effect on the biofilm of C. albicans, showing a reduction in cell counts when compared with PBS, (p=0.001). For the biofilm of C. glabrata, the MIC was sufficient for significantly reducing the cell count (p<0.001). No important changes in color and roughness of the acrylic resin were observed, even after 28 days, irrespective of the concentration of FBuTC used (p >0.05). It could be concluded that the immersion of acrylic resin for dental prosthesis in FBuTC was effective in reducing the biofilms of C. albicans and C. glabrata without evidence of change in roughness and color of this substrate.
Aesthetic components of index of orthodontic treatment need in Serbian adolescents

Background/Aim. The biggest motivating factor for undertaking orthodontic treatment is poor dental aesthetics as a consequence of occlusal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the need for orthodontic treatment, based on the aesthetic components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), to compare the degree of aesthetic component of IOTN and the subjective perception of individuals about their dental aesthetics, but also to compare their evaluation of the aesthetic component of IOTN in comparison with the evaluation of the therapist. Methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 316 students aged 15? 19 years who did not have an orthodontic treatment prior to the survey. The research was carried out using the IOTN. The IOTN consists of dental and aesthetic components based on which the need for therapy was determined. The aesthetic component of the index was noted by the therapist (specialist of orthodontics) as well as the subject. Results. According to the grades of subjects, the need for orthodontic treatment was present in 0.38% of male subjects and 2% of female subjects. According to the evaluations of the therapists, the need for orthodontic treatment was present in 7.52% of male subjects and 8% of female subjects. Observing all subjects, the need for orthodontic treatment was present in 0.63% of subjects, and according to the therapist, the need for orthodontic treatment was present in 7.59% of subjects. The mentioned difference was statistically significant. Conclusion. Obtained results show that there is a significant difference in evaluation of dental aesthetics and the need for orthodontic treatment between the subjects and therapists. This can be a cause for concern because patients who are not aware of their orthodontic abnormality can limit the need for further treatment.
Pharmacokinetics and Acceptability of Subcutaneous Injection of Testosterone Undecanoate.

Context Can injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) be administered effectively and acceptably by the subcutaneous (SC) route? Objective To investigate the acceptability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of SC injection of TU. Design Randomized sequence, crossover clinical study of SC vs IM TU injections. Setting Ambulatory clinic of an academic andrology center. Participants Twenty men (11 hypogonadal, 9 transgender men) who were long-term users of TU. injections. Intervention: Injection of 1000 mg TU (in 4 mL castor oil vehicle) by SC or IM route. Main Outcome Measures: Patient-reported pain, acceptability, and preference scales. PK by measurement of serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2) concentrations with application of population PK methods and dried blood spot (DBS) sampling. Results Pain was greater after SC compared with IM injection 24 hours (but not immediately) after injection but both routes were equally acceptable. Ultimately 11 preferred IM, 6 preferred SC, and 3 had no preference. The DBS-based PK analysis of serum testosterone revealed a later time of peak testosterone concentration after SC vs IM injection (8.0 vs 3.3 days) but no significant route differences in model-predicted peak testosterone concentration (8.4 vs 9.6 ng/mL) or mean resident time (183 vs 110 days). The PK of venous serum testosterone, DHT, and E2 did not differ according to route of injection. Conclusions We conclude that SC TU injection is acceptable but produces greater pain 24 hours after injection that may contribute to the overall majority preference for the IM injection. The PK of testosterone, DHT, or E2 did not differ substantially between SC and IM routes. Hence whereas further studies are required, the SC route represents an alternative to IM injections without a need to change dose for men for whom IM injection is not desired or recommended.
The effect of diabetes on 4-year changes of hearing thresholds in male workers exposed to noise in a single company: a longitudinal study

Background Recently, several studies have assessed the association between diabetes and hearing impairment. However, the effect of diabetes on hearing impairment is not well known in diabetic patients exposed to noise, a typical cause of hearing impairment. The aim of this study is to longitudinally analyze the effect of diabetes on hearing impairment in workers exposed to similar noise levels from 2013 to 2017 who had experienced little change in their working conditions. Methods The study subjects included 2,087 male workers exposed to noise in a single company and who underwent health examinations at the same hospital in Ulsan city in 2013 and 2017. Hearing impairment was defined that a pure-tone average of pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 Hz was 25 dB and over in both ears. Statistical analyses were conducted using χ2 tests, ANOVA, and Cox proportional hazard models. We analyzed covariates that might affect hearing impairment, including age; working period; levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and serum creatinine; smoking and alcohol history; and noise level. Results The average PTA thresholds and their average changes between 2013 and 2017 were significant in the diabetes mellitus (DM) group than those in the normal and impaired fasting glucose group. Among the subjects with the same status of fasting glucose group in 2013 and 2017, the adjusted hazard ratios for incident hearing impairment among those in the DM group compared to normal group were 3.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54–7.29) in the left ear and 5.66 (95% CI, 2.01–15.98) in the right ear. Conclusions This study suggested that the risk of hearing impairment in the DM group was significantly higher than that in the normal group in both ears, even when exposed to similar noise levels.
Traumatic spine injury in Kashan, Iran

Objective: Traumatic spine injuries are seriously important and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study is to determine the epidemiology of the traumatic spine injuries in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS), the main trauma center in Kashan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on all cases of traumatic spinal injuries that were admitted to Shahid Beheshti hospital of KAUMS from 2014 to 2017. A checklist was used to collect demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, marital) and mechanism of the injury of the spine. According to ICD-10, the level of the injury was detected by diagnostic tests such as radiologic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans, and also multi-trauma final outcome of the patients with traumatic spine injury (TSI) and rate of the spinal cord injury (SCI), hospital length of stay and surgery treatment was investigated. Results: The number of patients with traumatic spine injuries was 986. Among this batch, 77% were males. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 years. Most injuries occurred in the age group of 15 to 30 years. Traffic accident was the most common mechanism of the trauma (35.2%) followed by the falls (26.95%) motorcycle accident (17.9%), assault by a sharp object or an unspecified object (10.13%) and other reasons (5.6%). The most common site of injury was in lumbar section (24.41%). Patients with traffic accident injury had the longest hospitalization. The rate of SCI was 2.63% and the rate of mortality was 2.3%. Conclusion: The TSI is an important and serious public health problem and a major cause of disability. Understanding the epidemiology can help us contrive appropriate preventative measures.
Assessment of kidney function in sickle cell anemia patients in Zaria, Nigeria

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients are prone to kidney injury by various mechanisms including reduced blood flow, ischemia, and papillary necrosis. Sickle cell nephropathy may progress to end-stage renal disease with increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess renal function tests and their relationship with kidney length in steady state SCA patients. Subjects and Methods: Seventy-four adult SCA patients in steady state and 20 hemoglobin AA controls were enrolled into the study. Serum urea, electrolytes, creatinine, and uric acid were assayed while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. Renal scan was also performed to assess the kidney length. Results: Serum potassium, phosphate, and uric acid were statistically significantly higher while sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, and eGFR were significantly lower in SCA patient than in controls (P < 0.05). eGFR of < 90 ml/min was found in 50 (67.6%) of SCA patients out of which 7 (9.5%) had Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) (<60 ml/min) and one patient with Stage 4 CKD who also had shrunken kidneys with elevated serum creatinine (203 μmol/L) and urea (11.7 mmol/L) concentration. Renal ultrasonography revealed reduced renal size in 20 (27.1%) of the patients while 2 (2.7%) had a renal enlargement. There was no correlation between renal length and serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and eGFR. Conclusion: The majority of steady state SCA patients in Zaria have reduced eGFR and dyselectrolytemia. However, there was no association between the kidney length and the biochemical parameters. We, thus, recommend renal function tests to be routinely requested for proper management of these patients.
An anatomical investigation of the coronary ostia and its relationship to the sinotubular junction within a select South African population

The coronary ostia (CO) lie within the left and right aortic sinuses, respectively; and are bound by the sinotubular junction (STJ) superiorly. The high frequency of cardiac procedures that require catheterization has necessitated the reappraisal of the anatomy of the origin of the coronary arteries. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the CO by recording its diameter, shape, and relation to the sinotubular junction in a select South African population.The present study included the gross dissection of 50 formalin fixed, adult cadaveric hearts. The average diameter of the right coronary ostium (RCO) was 3.29mm and the left coronary ostium (LCO) was 3.87mm. With regard to the shape of the ostia, the RCO was described as circular in 52% (26/50), horizontally ellipsoid in 24% (12/50) and vertically ellipsoid in 24% (12/50) of cases. The LCO was circular in 30% (15/50), horizontally ellipsoid in 60% (30/50) and vertically ellipsoid in 10% (5/50) of cases. The RCO was located below the STJ in 88% (44/50) and at the level of the STJ in 12% (6/50) of cases. The LCO was recorded below the STJ in 64% (32/50), at the level of the STJ in 32% (16/50) and above the STJ in 4% (2/50) of cases. Multiple ostia arising from a single aortic sinus was recorded in 14% (7/50) of cases. In 2% (1/50) of cases, the RCO was located in the non-coronary sinus. In addition, the RCO arose from the left aortic sinus in 2% of cases. The results of the present study correlate with those of previous studies. Anomalous CO, although asymptomatic has been linked to myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. It is, therefore, imperative for the clinician to be aware of variant CO anatomy, which may alert them to the predisposition of cardiac risks.
Age at Menopause and Associated Factors in Central Anatolia; Turkey

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study is carried out in order to assess the mean age of menopause and the factors affecting it in Kayseri, Central Anatolia, Turkey. STUDY DESIGN: Study subjects were 713 postmenopausal women between the ages of 40–65 years. Women declaring at least one year of amenorrhea were accepted as being in menopause. Data were collected using a questionnaire including questions about demographic, reproductive and socioeconomic factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess confounding factors on the age at menopause. RESULTS: The mean and median age at menopause was 46.5±4.9 and 47, respectively. Of the total 713 participants, 632 women (88.6%) were found to be in natural menopause and 11.4% were in surgical menopause. Mean age for natural menopause was 47.0±4.6. The prevalence of early menopause occurring before the age of 46 years was found as 36.1% in the natural menopause group. Cessation style of menses, socio-economic status, menopausal ages of mothers and sisters were statistically correlated with the age at menopause. Low and middle socio-economic status and spontaneously cessation style of menses had statistically significant correlation with early menopause. CONCLUSION: The mean age at natural menopause was 47.0±4.6 which is earlier than women in the western or industrialized countries.
Evaluation of kidney injury molecule-1 as a disease progression biomarker in diabetic nephropathy

Background & Objective: Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a peptide whose release into circulation is specific to tubular injury. This study aimed to estimate levels of kidney injury molecule-1 in diabetic patients with and without kidney disease. And evaluate the role of KIM-1 as an early screening marker of progressive kidney injury. Methods: This follow-up study included n=85 subjects from the diabetic clinic of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC) in collaboration with Aga Khan University from November 2016 till September 2017. They were divided as: i) Group A1 (n=30) participants with diabetes for <5 years without microalbuminuria ii) Group A2 (n= 30) subjects with diabetes for 6-10 years with microalbuminuria; iii) Group B (n=25) subjects as healthy control group. All study participants were followed for 6 months and their blood glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes, albuminuria and serum KIM-1 were assayed. Results: High KIM-1 at baseline was present in group A2 patients as compared to controls and group A1 (p<0.001). Higher levels were seen after six months in group A1 along with the presence of micro albuminuria (p<0.001) suggesting kidney damage. Moderate positive association were seen for KIM1 with creatinine levels (r=0.530; p<0.001), and HbA1c (r=0.576; p<0.001) in all patients. While a strong positive association was seen for blood urea nitrogen as a marker for kidney function both at baseline (r= 0.728; p=0.000) and follow up (r=0.747; p=0.001). Multiple logistic regression controlling for age showed that KIM1 was independently associated with BUN (r=0.727; p<0.001), creatinine (r=0.510; p<0.001) and HbA1c (r=0.401; p=0.008) in all groups. Conclusion: Rising KIM-1 levels with progressive kidney damage with or without derangement of kidney function is reported in this study. This finding may pave a way towards identifying KIM1 as a prognostic marker for kidney injury.
Student ratings to evaluate the teaching effectiveness: Factors should be considered

The study discusses the student ratings of a professor teaching sociology disciplines in different undergraduate courses. The data were obtained from questionnaires consisting of a series of inquiries about the discipline, focusing on how it fits in the curricular structure (discipline evaluation) and, also, on teacher’s performance (professor evaluation). A total of 480 students answered the questionnaire and, for each question they had a total of five possible answers: very poor (1 point), poor (2 points), fair (3 points), good (4 points) and excellent (5 points). Considering discipline and professor evaluations, students from Animal Science, Food Engineering and Veterinary Medicine courses consider "fair" the performance of the sociology professor. Regarding to the professor evaluation, the students of the three undergraduate courses considered the performance of the teacher "good". For discipline evaluation, the Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine students considered the discipline "fair" and the Food Engineering students considered the discipline "poor". The results obtained can serve as a basis for the design of a institutional evaluation system of teaching based on student ratings, however the evaluation of the discipline and the performance of the teacher must be considered separately.
Boosting for Model Selection in Syntactic Parsing

In this work we present our approach to model selection for statistical parsing via boosting. The method is used to target the inefficiency of current feature selection methods, in that it allows a constant feature selection time at each iteration rather than the increasing selection time of current standard forward wrapper methods. With the aim of performing feature selection on very high dimensional data, in particular for parsing morphologically rich languages, we test the approach, which uses the multiclass AdaBoost algorithm SAMME (Zhu et al., 2006), on French data from the French Treebank, using a multilingual discriminative constituency parser (Crabbe, 2014). Current results show that the method is indeed far more efficient than a naive method, and the performance of the models produced is promising, with F-scores comparable to carefully selected manual models. We provide some perspectives to improve on these performances in future work.