Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PPARD regulates ERK signaling in the testis

Ppard mice exhibit smaller litter size compared to Ppard mice. To determine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-D (PPARD) could possibly influence this phenotype, the role of PPARD in testicular biology was examined. Atrophic testes and testicular degeneration was observed in Ppard mice compared to Ppard mice indicating that PPARD modulates spermatogenesis. Higher expression of p27 and decreased expression of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Sertoli cells was observed in Ppard mice as compared to Ppard mice, and this was associated with decreased Sertoli cell number in Ppard mice. CYCLIN D1 and CYCLIN D2 expression was lower in Ppard as compared to Ppard mice. Ligand activation of PPARD inhibited proliferation of a mouse Sertoli cell line, TM4; while an inverse agonist of PPARD (DG172) rescued this effect. Temporal inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation by PPARD in the testis was observed in Ppard mice, and was associated with decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and higher CLAUDIN-11 expression along the bloodtestis barrier. PPARD-dependent ERK activation also altered expression of CLAUDIN-11, p27, CYCLIN D1 and CYCLIN D2 in TM4 cells, causing inhibition of cell proliferation, maturation and formation of tight junctions in Sertoli cells thus confirming a requirement for PPARD in accurate Sertoli cell function. Combined, these results reveal for the first time that PPARD regulates spermatogenesis by modulating the function of Sertoli cells during early testis development. Spermatogenesis is a finely tuned process by which spermatogonial stem cells develop into mature spermatozoa. During spermatogenesis, different types of germ cells develop synchronously within the seminiferous tubule. http://www.jbc. org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M115.664508 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on August 4, 2015 as Manuscript M115.664508 Copyright 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on A uust 6, 2015 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from PPARD regulates ERK signaling in the testis
Relativistic multiconfiguration method in low-energy scattering of electrons from argon atoms

For the first time the differential cross sections of the elastic scattering of slow electrons from argon atoms are calculated in a relativistic multiconfiguration method. The correlation effects responsible for target polarization are treated in a relativistic configuration–interaction scheme that allows for dynamical effects. Calculations of the differential cross sections and spin polarization are discussed and compared with experimental and other theoretical data.
1 mTOR inhibition synergizes with reduced IRES-mediated translation of cyclin D 1 and c-MYC to treat glioblastoma

Our previous work has demonstrated an intrinsic mRNA-specific protein synthesis salvage pathway operative in GBM tumor cells that is resistant to mTOR inhibitors. The activation of this IRES-dependent mRNA translation initiation pathway results in continued translation of critical transcripts involved in cell-cycle progression in the face of global eIF-4E-mediated translation inhibition. Recently we identified C11, a small molecule capable of inhibiting c-MYC IRES translation as a consequence of blocking the interaction of a requisite c-MYC ITAF, hnRNP A1 with its IRES. Here we demonstrate that C11 also blocks cyclin D1 IRES-dependent initiation and demonstrates synergistic anti-GBM properties when combined with the mTOR kinase inhibitor PP242. The structure-activity relationship of C11 was investigated and resulted in the identification of IRES-J007, which displayed improved IRES-dependent initiation blockade and synergistic anti-GBM effects with PP242. Mechanistic studies with C11 and IRES-J007 revealed binding of the inhibitors within the UP1 fragment of hnRNP A1 and docking analysis suggested a small pocket within close proximity to RRM2 as the potential binding site. We further demonstrate that cotherapy with IRES-J007 and PP242 significantly reduces tumor growth of GBM xenografts in mice and that combined inhibitor treatments markedly reduce the mRNA translational state of cyclin D1 and cMYC transcripts in these tumors. These data support the combined use of IRES-J007 and PP242 to achieve synergistic antitumor responses in GBM. Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors and median survival is only approximately twelve months (1). The lethality of this tumor is, in part, due to the difficulties associated with complete surgical resections and the development of drug resistance (2). As a consequence of EGFR http://www.jbc. org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M116.726927 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on May 11, 2016 as Manuscript M116.726927 Copyright 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from by gest on Jne 2, 2016 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from
Series Working Paper No . 29 Train the worst or train the best ? The determinants of employer-sponsored training in five European countries

The quality of human capital is a key competitive asset for EU firms to prosper in a globalised economy and provide high-quality jobs to their employees. Continuing education and training are therefore crucial for tuning, maintaining and developing employees’ skills and capabilities, especially in a fast-changing world. Given the substantial direct and indirect costs of training, employers are expected to focus training provision on employees affected by skill deficits and organisation members with the strongest potential in terms of skills development. To answer the question on employers’ capability to target the employees who would most benefit from training this paper investigates whether a measure of employee-job fit and a measure of employee potential are significant determinants of participation in employersponsored training undertaken for job-related reasons. The empirical analysis, extended to five large EU countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK), is based on OECD PIAAC Survey.
Evaluation of Depression and the Contributing Factors in Pregnant Women Referring to Urban and Rural Health Care Centers of Sarakhs City , Iran

Article type: Original article Background & aim: Clinical definition of depression disorder has changed and made precise over the time. Some studies reported depression during pregnancy was more common than postpartum depression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate prevalence and factors that may be contributing to the depression in pregnant women in Sarakhs city. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 300 pregnant women who was referred to the health centers in Sarakhs city, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, 2011. Beck's Depression inventory questionnaire and demographic questionnaire were completed by trained interviewers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 by using T‐test, man‐Whitney, Chi‐square tests. P‐value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of depression in pregnant women was 47.5% which the most of them had moderate depression. In this assay, depression significantly was related to mother age (P=0.02), her occupations (P=0.009), family income (P=0.04), ethnicity (P=0.03), place of living (P=0.01), number of children (P=0.001), unwanted pregnancy (P=0.001), and history of parities (P=0.001). Conclusion: : Prevalence of depression during pregnancy makes it more important for providing antenatal care and supporting such women in seeking help. This study indicating the importance of the psychological state of pregnant women, screening depression with accurate assessment of the symptoms and diagnosis it as early as possible. Article History: Received: 11‐Nov‐2014 Accepted: 04‐Mar‐2014
Reducing Stigma Associated with Schizophrenia

vii WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 1 How is schizophrenia classified and diagnosed? 3 What is the harm of categorical approaches to classifying psychiatric diagnoses? 4 Could dimensional approaches to diagnosis replace categorical? 7 What are the behaviors and symptoms associated with schizophrenia? 8 What is the epidemiology of schizophrenia? 12 What has neuroscience and genetics research contributed to the understanding of schizophrenia? 15 What are the treatments for schizophrenia? 16 What is the evidence that CBT benefits people with psychotic symptoms? 17 What are the barriers to treatment for schizophrenia? 19 Should the concept of schizophrenia be dumped as invalid or re-conceptualized to fit updated scientific discovery? 23 THE NATURE OF STIGMA.26 What is the boundary between mental illness and “normal”? 27 What is the process of stigmatization of people diagnosed with schizophrenia? 29 How does labeling and ambiguous behavior contribute to stigma? 31 Is there evidence to support stereotypes about schizophrenia? 33 How have public reactions to mental illness changed over time? 35 What other factors contribute to stigma toward those considered “schizophrenic”? 36 What impact does public stigma have on people with psychological disorder? 37 What are the effects of stigma on families of people with psychological disorder? 38 REDUCING STIGMA ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA v What is the media’s contribution to stigma? 39 What role do mental health professionals play in stigma? 40 What are consumer experiences of interacting with mental health professionals? 41 What is the process of people with psychological disorder internalizing stigma? 42 Is internalized self-stigma inevitable? 43 What role does context play in how people with psychological disorder respond behaviorally? 44 How does the interaction of psychological disorder and substance abuse contribute to stigma? 45 What role does self-stigma have in accessing mental health services? 45 How does a historical accumulation of stigmatizing attitudes lead to structural stigma.46 What role do police and the criminal justice system play in stigma? 47 STIGMA REDUCTION.52 Why and how to foster personal empowerment? 52 What role does personal disclosure of psychological disorder have for lessening stigma? 53 What are the effects of reappropriation of stigmatizing labels? 54 What are strategies to challenge and change public stigma? 55 How does the content of the message matter in anti-stigma campaigns? 58 Could a systems science approach to conceptualizing psychological disorder help account for complexity? 60 Could changing the diagnostic label of “schizophrenia” reduce stigma? 61 What is the precedent for changing the label of “schizophrenia”? 64 CONCLUSION.68 REFERENCES.70 REDUCING STIGMA ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA vi
Control of primary production in the Arctic by nutrients and light: insights from a high resolution ocean general circulation model

Abstract. Until recently, the Arctic Basin was generally considered to be a low productivity area and was afforded little attention in global- or even basin-scale ecosystem modelling studies. Due to anthropogenic climate change however, the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean is undergoing an unexpectedly fast retreat, exposing increasingly large areas of the basin to sunlight. As indicated by existing Arctic phenomena such as ice-edge blooms, this decline in sea-ice is liable to encourage pronounced growth of phytoplankton in summer and poses pressing questions concerning the future of Arctic ecosystems. It thus provides a strong impetus to modelling of this region. The Arctic Ocean is an area where plankton productivity is heavily influenced by physical factors. As these factors are strongly responding to climate change, we analyse here the results from simulations of the 1/4° resolution global ocean NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) model coupled with the MEDUSA (Model for Ecosystem Dynamics, carbon Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification) biogeochemical model, with a particular focus on the Arctic basin. Simulated productivity is consistent with the limited observations for the Arctic, with significant production occurring both under the sea-ice and at the thermocline, locations that are difficult to sample in the field. Results also indicate that a substantial fraction of the variability in Arctic primary production can be explained by two key physical factors: (i) the maximum penetration of winter mixing, which determines the amount of nutrients available for summer primary production, and (ii) short-wave radiation at the ocean surface, which controls the magnitude of phytoplankton blooms. A strong empirical correlation was found in the model output between primary production and these two factors, highlighting the importance of physical processes in the Arctic Ocean.
QCD phase diagram from chiral symmetry restoration: analytic approach at high and low temperature using the Linear Sigma Model with Quarks

We use the linear sigma model with quarks to study the QCD phase diagram from the point of view of chiral symmetry restoration. We compute the leading order effective potential for high and low temperatures and finite quark chemical potential, up to the contribution of the ring diagrams to account for the plasma screening effects. We fix the values of the model couplings using physical values for the input parameters such as the vacuum pion and sigma masses, the critical temperature at vanishing quark chemical potential and the conjectured end point value of the baryon chemical potential of the transition line at vanishing temperature. We also make the analysis for the same input parameters but with vanishing pion mass. We find that the critical end point (CEP) is located at low temperatures and high quark chemical potentials $(315<\mu^{\text{CEP}}<349\ MeV,18< T^{\text{CEP}}<45\ MeV)$.
Genetically modified maize : factors affecting crosspollination and coexistence

Maize is worldwide one of the most important crops in terms of area grown and yield. Crosspollination is a natural process occurring in maize. With the introduction of commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops in the year 1996, there have been concerns about the possible cross-pollination between GM and non-GM maize. According to maize biology, with about 95% cross-pollination, adventitious presence can arise through many pathways. These include cross-pollination between adjacent fields, seed dispersal from volunteers and mechanical transfer at sowing, harvesting, transport and storage operations. A central point of the European agricultural policy is that farmers should be able to use the agricultural system of their choice. To achieve this policy, recommendations and guidelines have been released. This includes field management strategies to reduce the level of crosspollination. To date no field trials were conducted with the aim to compare the effect of two different gap crops between the donor and the recipient field on cross-pollination rate. Moreover no field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of GM seed admixture on the non-GM seed harvest product.
Bipolar items for the measurement of personal optimism instead of unipolar items

A personal optimism scale composed of unipolar items is transformed into a scale composed of bipolar items. The transformation is performed because of the item wording problem that denotes the lack of homogeneity in scales composed of positively and negatively worded items. The original optimism scale for the assessment of personal optimism comprises eight unipolar items. It is transformed into a scale with four bipolar items by merging pairs of items. In confirmatory factor analysis the scale based on bipolar items showed an acceptable degree of good model fit. Furthermore, the personal optimism latent variables of the two types of items showed to be equivalent when investigating trait-specific equivalence.
Managing cooperation via procedural fairness

The present research examined the process underlying the effect of procedural fairness on cooperation. It was predicted that fair procedures have a positive effect on cooperation, and that the psychological process of self-other merging (between the group authority and the group member) mediate this effect. Results from a scenario experiment, and a cross-sectional survey supported these predictions. It is concluded that procedural fairness engenders cooperation because it enhances the process of self-other merging between the group authority and the group member. The importance of including the behavioral notion of cooperation into procedural fairness theories is discussed with particular relevance to social decision making. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D23; K20; M54; A13 PsycINFO classification: 3020; 3660; 4250; 2360
Redescription of Hippolyte ventricosa H . Milne Edwards , 1837 based on syntypes , with remarks on Hippolyte orientalis Heller , 1862 ( Crustacea , Decapoda , Caridea ) Cédric d ' UDEKEM d ' ACOZ

The shrimp Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837 is redescribed in détail, largely on the basis of syntypes. H. ventricosa has been previously recorded in various parts of the Indo-Pacific Océan but mosr of thèse tecotds are probably based on closely related species. Fot the time being, the true H. ventricosa is only known with certainty ftom India. Subtle but significant différences have been detected beween Indian H. ventricosa and its close telative from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, H. orientalis Heller, 1862. Thèse two species were previously considered as synonyms. A lectotype is designated for Hippolyte proteus (Paul'son, 1875). MOTS CLES Hippolyte ventricosa, Hippolyte orientalis, Hippolyte proteus, Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, ne. Hippolytidae, Indo-Pac:'" Irid mer Rouge, golfe d'Aden, taxonomie, syntypes. RESUME Redescription de Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837fondée sur les syntypes, avec des remarques sur Hippolyte orientalis Heller, 1862 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea). La crevette Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwatds, 1837 est redécrite en détail, essentiellement d'après les syntypes. H. ventricosa a été signalée en de nombreux points de l'Indo-Pacifique, mais la plupart des signalements antérieurs sont probablemenr fondés sur des espèces voisines. Pour l'instant, les seuls signalements cettains de H. ventricosa concernent des spécimens récoltés en Inde. Des différences subtiles mais significatives ont été relevées entre des H. ventricosa originaires de l'Inde et sa proche parente de la mer Rouge et du golfe d'Aden, H. orientalis Hellet, 1862. Ces deux espèces étaient précédemmen t considérées c o m m e synonymes . U n lectotype est désigné p o u t Hippolyte proteus (Paul'son, 1875). ZOOSYSTEMA • 1999 • 21 (1) 65
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 1 Structure Based Design of Cyclically Permuted HIV-1 gp 120 Trimers That Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies

A major goal for HIV-1 vaccine development is an ability to elicit strong and durable broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) responses. The trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) spikes on HIV-1 are known to contain multiple epitopes that are susceptible to bNAbs isolated from infected individuals. Nonetheless, all trimeric and monomeric Env immunogens designed to date have failed to elicit such antibodies. We report the structure guided design of HIV-1 cyclically permuted gp120 that forms homogeneous, stable trimers and displays enhanced binding to multiple bNAbs, including VRC01, VRC03, VRC-PG04, PGT128 and the quaternary epitope-specific bNAbs PGT145 and PGDM1400. Constructs that were cyclically permuted in the V1 loop region and contained an N-terminal trimerization domain to stabilize V1V2 mediated quaternary interactions, showed the highest homogeneity and the best antigenic characteristics. In guinea pigs, a DNA prime-protein boost regimen with these new gp120 trimer immunogens elicited potent neutralizing antibody responses against highly sensitive Tier 1A isolates and weaker neutralizing antibody responses with an average titer of about 115 against a panel of heterologous Tier 2 isolates. A modest fraction of the Tier 2 virus neutralizing activity appeared to target the CD4 binding site on gp120. These results suggest that cyclically permuted HIV-1 gp120 trimers represent a viable platform in which further modifications may be made to eventually achieve protective bNAb responses.
SUPPRESSION OF ASPHALTENE ADSORPTION IN POROUS MEDIA Vineet Venkatanarayanan

SUPPRESSION OF ASPHALTENE ADSORPTION IN POROUS MEDIA Vineet Venkatanarayanan Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. John C. Berg Rehnberg Professor of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering This work seeks to investigate the adsorption/deposition of asphaltene clusters and nanoaggregates in a porous medium, under flow conditions and at high pressures. It also explores the strategies to reduce or prevent the adsorption/deposition. Asphaltenes are highly aromatic and heavy fractions present in crude oil. Their adsorption or deposition causes problems during production due to clogging of the pore structure of the rock as well as subsequently fouling downstream piping and fittings. The porous medium used in this study is 140 mesh silica (100 micron) packed into an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatograph) column through which dilute solutions of asphaltenes in a weak solvent (toluene and tetradecane 50 % by wt.) are pumped. Langmuir isotherms fit well to the adsorption results. Saturation asphaltene adsorption (Γmax) of about 1250 mg/m 2 is obtained for silica particles. To reduce or prevent such deposition, silica surface is modified using HTAB (hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide), HMDS (Hexamethyldisiloxane) and OTS (Octadecyltrichlorosilane) to form a protective layer. Subsequent HPLC studies indicate that the saturation asphaltene adsorption on the treated silica has been reduced to 909.10 mg/m, 833.33 mg/m and 588.23 mg/m respectively.
Yield trends of temperate cereals in high latitude countries from 1940 to 1998

Buenos Airesin yliopisto, Argentiina ja MTT (Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskus)Vehna on ainoa lauhkean vyohykkeen vilja, jonka satoisuuden kehitysta on aiemmin tarkasteltu kattavasti maailmanlaajuisesti ja viljelyalueittain. Taman tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli verrata kauran, ohran, rukiin ja vehnan satoisuuden kehittymista viimeisen viiden vuosikymmenen ajan erityisesti pohjoisen viljelyn alueilla (Kanada, Norja, Ruotsi, Suomi ja Tanska). Lisaksi arvioitiin kasvinjalostuksen osuutta satoisuuden kehittymisessa. Aineistona kaytettiin FAO:n tilastoja. Kun verrattiin eri viljalajien satoisuuden muutoksia tutkitulla ajanjaksolla (1950-1998), havaittiin, etta rukiin hehtaarisadot kasvoivat tasaisesti noin 28 kg vuodessa. Sen sijaan ohran (38 kg/ha/vuosi) ja kauran sadot (32 kg/ha/vuosi) kasvoivat ensin huomattavasti 1970-luvun paikkeille saakka, ja kasvu tasaantui voimakkaasti viimeisen 30 vuoden aikana. Myos vehnan satoisuuden kehitysta kuvasi parhaiten bi-lineaarinen malli: vahaista satoisuuden kasvua 1960-luvulle saakka, satoisuuden kolminkertaistuminen 1990-luvulle mentaessa ja tasta edelleen kasvun tasaantuminen. Tutkittaessa satoisuuskehitysta niin pohjoismaissa kuin Kanadassakin voitiin havaita, etta yleisesti ottaen vehnan satoisuus kehittyi muita viljoja nopeammin. Tama kuvastanee vehnan arvostusta ja kehitystyohon kaytettyjen tutkimusvarojen runsautta. Toisaalta kauran ja ohran, mutta vahissa maarin myos vehnan, osalta voidaan havaita satoisuuskehityksen hidastumista viime vuosikymmenena. Alustavat tuloksemme antoivat myos viitetta siita, etta kasvinjalostuksen rooli tutkittujen viljalajien satoisuuden parantamisessa oli pohjoisilla viljelyalueilla pienempi (poikkeuksena vehnan tuotanto Kanadassa) kuin mita on raportoitu viljeltaessa vehnaa ja ohraa alhaisemmilla leveysasteilla.