Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANATOMY OF THE PORTAL AND HEPATIC VEINS OF THE DOG: A BASIS FOR SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF THE LIVER BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY

The objective of this study was to define, in detail, the anatomy of the portal and hepatic veins in the dog in order to establish a procedure for the systematic evaluation of the liver by ultrasonography. Anatomical details were obtained from the formalin fixed livers of ten dogs. The hepatic and portal veins were removed intact from these livers so that a detailed pattern of distribution could be established and the numbers of branches could be counted. Silastic casts were also made of the hepatic and portal veins of two livers, one in situ and one in which it had been removed. The former was to enable the relationship of the portal to the hepatic veins to be established as closely as possible within the animal and the other to provide a model of the distribution of each venous system within the liver. Contrast medium was infused into two other livers and radiographs taken to establish the relationship of each branch to each lobe. It was found that there was a consistent pattern of venous branching to each lobe of the liver in the dog with little variation between individual specimens. All liver lobes contained definite venous branches so that the left lateral and medial, quadrate, right medial and lateral, caudate and papillary veins could be distinguished in each venous system. We believe that an appreciation of this venous distribution will aid in the systematic evaluation of the liver during ultrasonography by enabling identification of each liver lobe. It should be of value for differentiating portal from hepatic veins and veins from dilated bile ducts.
Antidepressants versus interpersonal psychotherapy in treating depression in HIV- positive patients

Method. The study was prospective, randomised and controlled. The sampling was a convenience sampling, as it included patients attending the HIV clinic. At entry to the study, a clinical diagnostic evaluation and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were performed on all subjects by the investigator. The depressed patients were randomly assigned to receive either an antidepressant (citalopram) or psychotherapy (interpersonal psychotherapy, IPT ). The HAMD was repeated at the study endpoint of 8 weeks. Results. Sixty-two HIV-positive persons receiving antiretrovirals participated in this study. Thirty of them were not depressed and served as controls, and 32 were depressed. There were no significant differences between the controls and the patients (either receiving pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy) in respect of any of the socio-demographic characteristics evaluated (p>0.05). Approximately 60% (n=19) of the depressed patients were, randomised to receive pharmacotherapy, while 40.6% (n=13) received IPT. The mean HAMD scores of the patients on pharmacotherapy decreased from 25.7 to 6.2 from entry to completion of the study, and those for patients receiving psychotherapy decreased from 22.5 to 8.2. The decreases in HAMD scores in patient groups receiving either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy were not significantly associated with any socio-demographic variables (p>0.05). Conclusion. Both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may be equally effective in the treatment of depression in HIV-positive patients. The choice of treatment will be influenced by factors such as adverse effects of antidepressants and adding another medication to an already complex antiretroviral regimen. In such cases, IPT may be particularly beneficial.
Morphological and spectral analysis of human skin surface topography

Le relief cutane evolue sous l'action de nombreux parametres: rayonnements, hydratation, vieillissement. Compose de plateaux traverses de sillons, le relief ne peut etre quantifie correctement en utilisant les parametres traditionnels crees pour l'analyse des surfaces industrielles. Cette etude presente une analyse bidimensionnelle ou profilometrique du relief de la peau humaine basee sur une decomposition spectrale respectant la realite, c'est-a-dire l'existence de deux familles de plis, l'une liee au derme profond, l'autre au stratum corneum. Une analyse statistique, basee sur des travaux initialement dedies a la repartition des vagues a la surface de la mer, permet de mesurer l'anisotropie du relief
Postawy ludzi uzupełniających wykształcenie średnie wobec osób starszych

Wstep. Starzenie sie jest procesem normalnym, dlugotrwalym i nieodwracalnym. Jest to okres glebokich przemian, ktore dotyczą nie tylko sfery fizycznej, ale takze psychicznej, emocjonalnej i spolecznej. Cel pracy. Celem badan bylo poznanie postaw ludzi uzupelniających wyksztalcenie średnie wobec osob starszych. Material i metody . Badania przeprowadzono we wrześniu 2012 roku wśrod 100 sluchaczy Zespolu Szkol dla Doroslych w Brzesku. W badaniach wykorzystano autorski kwestionariusz ankiety i test wiadomości, kwestionariusz testu niedokonczonych zdan autorstwa Golde i Kogana w adaptacji Rembowskiego, kwestionariusz skali Dystansu Spolecznego Bogardusa oraz kwestionariusz skali P-LS autorstwa Kogana w polskiej adaptacji Rembowskiego. Material badawczy poddano analizie statystycznej z uzyciem testu t-Studenta, testu chi-kwadrat i analizy wariancji ANOVA. Wyniki. Wśrod osob uzupelniających wyksztalcenie średnie dominowala postawa pozytywna wobec osob starszych. Wiedza respondentow na temat starzenia sie organizmu i chorob wieku podeszlego byla dostateczna. Wiekszośc respondentow deklarowala niski poziom dystansu emocjonalnego i spolecznego wobec osob starych. Wnioski. Nalezy podejmowac dalsze badania na temat postaw spolecznych wobec osob starszych, poniewaz w badaniach wlasnych przewaga postawy pozytywnej nad negatywną byla niewielka, a w wypowiedziach badanych czesto pojawialy sie treści stereotypowe dotyczące starości.
Power prediction for Intel XScale processors using performance monitoring unit events

This paper demonstrates a first-order, linear power estimation model that uses performance counters to estimate run-time CPU and memory power consumption of the Intel PXA255 processor. Our model uses a set of power weights that map hardware performance counter values to processor and memory power consumption. Power weights are derived offline once per processor voltage and frequency configuration using parameter estimation techniques. They can be applied in a dynamic voltage/frequency scaling environment by setting six descriptive parameters. We have tested our model using a wide selection of benchmarks including SPEC2000, Java CDC and Java CLDC programming environments. The accuracy is quite good; average estimated power consumption is within 4% of the measured average CPU power consumption. We believe such power estimation schemes can serve as a foundation for intelligent, poweraware embedded systems that dynamically adapt to the device’s power consumption.
Prosody of Text Communication? How to Induce Synchronization and Coherence in Chat Conversations

ABSTRACT In the current study, we examined the consequences of adding prosodic cues to text communication by allowing users to observe the process of message creation while engaged in dyadic conversations. In the first condition, users interacted through a traditional chat that requires pressing “enter” to make a message visible to an interlocutor. In another, text appeared on the screen simultaneously as the sender was writing it, letter after letter (Synchat condition), so that users could observe the varying rhythm of message production, precise timing of message appearance, typos, and their corrections. The results show that the ability to observe the dynamics of message production had a twofold effect on the social interaction process. First, it enhanced the relational aspect of communication – interlocutors synchronized their emotional states during the interaction, their communication included more statements on relationship building, and they evaluated the Synchat medium as more personal and emotionally engaging. Second, it increased the coherence of communication, reflected in greater continuity of the topics raised in Synchat conversations. The results are discussed from the interaction design (IxD) perspective.
Melodrama and Tears

5 For an outline and discussion of the issues involved in verisimilitude, see Gerard Genette, *Vraisemblance el motivation*, Communications no 11, 1968. MELODRAMA E M E R G E D ON the stage as a consequence of the development of a new theatrical genre, somewhere midway between tragedy and comedy. Among the proponents of this new genre in France was Denis Diderot, who identified one of its major components and pleasures, as follows:
Quel indicateur d’exposition pour l’étude des effets sanitaires à court terme de la pollution photo-oxydante pour causes respiratoires. Une étude de cas à Paris et proche couronne (2000-2003)

De nombreuses etudes ont montre les effets sanitaires a court terme de la pollution atmospherique aussi bien en termes de mortalite que de morbidite. Parmi ces etudes, certaines s’interessent plus particulierement aux effets sanitaires de l’ozone. En effet, l’analyse des liens entre cet indicateur d’exposition et la sante presente de nombreuses difficultes du fait que l’ozone est un polluant dit « secondaire ». L’objectif de cette etude est de determiner l’indicateur d’exposition a la pollution photo-oxydante le plus pertinent pour mesurer les effets sanitaires respiratoires de ce type de pollution au travers d’une etude de cas realisees sur Paris et sa proche couronne. Dans cette etude, les effets de la pollution photo-oxydante sur le risque d’hospitalisations pour causes respiratoires chez les plus de 15 ans ont ete estimes au travers de quatre indicateurs d’exposition differents. Des analyses de series temporelles (modeles GAM) ont ete utilisees. La tendance a long et moyen termes des indicateurs, les facteurs meteorologiques, les pollens ainsi que les epidemies de grippe ont ete pris en compte dans l’analyse en tant que cofacteurs. Cette etude montre qu’il existe une relation exposition-risque non lineaire sur l’annee entiere entre l’ozone et le risque d’etre hospitalise pour causes respiratoires. Elle souligne que l’indicateur d’exposition a la pollution photo-oxydante le plus approprie semble etre le maximum journalier des moyennes mobiles sur 8 heures, en distinguant les saisons chaudes et froides. Les resultats obtenus avec cet indicateur d’exposition montrent un lien significatif entre les niveaux d’ozone couramment observes sur Paris et sa proche couronne en ete et les hospitalisations pour causes respiratoires : le risque relatif d’hospitalisation augmente de 0,84 % (IC 95 % [0,05 ; 1,63]) pour une augmentation de 10 μg/m 3 des niveaux de l’indicateur d’exposition. Des analyses approfondies sur le choix et la definition des saisons chaudes pourraient etre envisagees dans de futurs travaux.
The Impact of Motivation on the Work Performance of Health Workers (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital): Evidence from Ghana

Background: Motivation is a driver to health worker performance in most Ghanaian hospitals. In view of this, Ghana’s Ministry of Health has rolled out enough motivational policies to accentuate work performance of health workers. Objective: The focus of this study was to examine the impact of motivation and identify how intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors affect the work performance of health workers at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted for the study, and purposive sampling was used to select fifteen (15) health workers including both medics and paramedics. An in-depth interview guide and one-on-one interviews were adopted to collect data from the staff at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. A thematic content analysis was used to analyze the transcribed data. Results: Key findings from the study revealed that job satisfaction, logistic provision, and an enabling work environment are intrinsic motivating factors that affect the work performance of health workers; extrinsic factors such as financial reward, accommodation, and transportation also impact work performance. Furthermore, motivation is key to the work performance of nurses. Conclusion: It is recommended that the National Midwifery and Nursing Council (NMC) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) adopt motivational policies based on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational blocks.
P3.390 Factors Predicting Attitude of First Year University Students Towards STI and HIV in Ogun State, Nigeria

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are global problems and currently over 100 million STIs occur each year in people within the 15–24 age bracket. Young people between ages 15 and 24 also account for more than fifty (50) percent of all HIV infections throughout the world. Methods A survey research questionnaire made up of three trajectories including sexual behaviour scale, attitude towards STI/HIV/AIDS scale and knowledge of STI/HIV/AIDS scale was used in this study (n = 226, mean = 18.3years). The study made use of frequency counts, percentage and regression analysis. The SPSS software was used to analyse the data. Results The study indicates a fairly high knowledge level of STI/HIV (89.4%) with more males (87%) and younger participants (88%) possessing good knowledge of STI/HIV. Majority of the participants are sexually active (63.3%) and of this are more males (61.3%) and younger participants (60%). Findings show that age (β = 0.025; t = 0.04; p > 0.05) of the three predictor variables was not a predictor of attitude towards STI/HIV. However, knowledge of STI/HIV (β = 0.459; t = 5.032; p < 0.05) and sexual behaviour (β = 0.341; t = 4.278; p < 0.05) were strong predictors of attitude towards STI/HIV. Conclusion This study shows the need for strong advocacy, enlightenment and community mobilisation for improved awareness of STI/HIV. Local, community and religious leaders, including youth leaders should be incorporated into the drive to increase awareness and knowledge of STI/HIV/AIDS among young people in Nigeria.
Evaluation of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Programme for adolescents in rural schools of Kannur, North Kerala, India: A cross-sectional study -

Background: Iron deficiency is the major cause for anemia and widespread nutritional deficiency disorder in India. In 2013, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched the Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Programme to reduce the prevalence and severity of nutritional anemia in adolescent population. Since it is a relatively new program, we conducted this survey to evaluate current status of the program implementation in the schools, Kannur, India. Objective: To evaluate the current status of WIFS Programme implementation in the schools of Kannur, north Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in schools under the rural field practice area of Community Medicine Department, Kannur Medical College, Kannur. Two schools were selected randomly for the data collection and a sample of 524 students and 39 teachers were studied for a period of 1 month. A pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was administered and descriptive statistics and associations were analyzed. Results: Out of the 524 students, 50.4% were males and 49.6% females, 77.3% of them had not consumed iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets regularly—main reasons were feeling healthy and parent’s resistance. Awareness about anemia and its symptoms was good but significant difference existed between the schools. Twenty-three percent had side effects after IFA tablets intake and common side effect was stomach pain. All 39 teachers opined WIFS Programme was useful and 90% teachers counseled the students. Fifty percent teachers told they faced resistance from parents. Conclusion: Awareness about anemia was good but WIFS implementation in schools was not regular. There is a need to strengthen the program by giving proper training to the teachers and by giving health education to the parents and students about the benefits of WIFS.
Interactive Multimodal Information Management: Shaping the Vision

In the past twenty years, computers and networks have gained a prominent role in supporting human communications. This constitutes one of the most remarkable departures from their initial role as processors of large amounts of numeric data, in business or science, or as controllers of repetitive industrial operations. However, to offer truly innovative support to human communications, computers had to demonstrate that they could achieve more than what telephone calls or videoconferencing could do. Thanks to research in the past decade, a convincing case has been made for the capability of information and communication technology to do justice to one of the richest aspects of human communication: its multimodal nature. Humans generate meaningful communicative actions with far more means than only pronouncing or writing words. Individuals words are put together in sentences and dialogues, accompanied by nuances of tone and pace, face expressions and gestures. Utterances from different speakers build together complex, multimodal interaction patterns which are some of the richest, yet natural social activities. This book is an attempt to answer the questions: what is required from computer hardware and software to support such activities? What are the capabilities of current technology, and what can be achieved using it? This book takes a strong stance. We posit that research in interactive multimodal information management by computers makes quicker progress when it is driven by a clear application goal, which not only provides concrete
An analysis of the relationship between English non-word repetition and morphosyntax in bilingual children

This study evaluates the relationship of between phonological short-term memory, as measured by a non-word repetition task (NWR), and the performance on morphosyntax language tasks, as assessed by grammatical priming and the Bilingual Spanish Assessment (BESA)/Bilingual English Spanish Assessment Middle Extension (BESAME) morphosyntax subtest in English. Sixty-nine Spanish-English first graders were selected from a previous study. A correlational analysis indicated there was no relationship between phonological short-term memory and performance on the BESA or the priming task. A moderate significant relationship occurred between the two morphosyntax tasks. The results imply that children may require a foundation of grammatical knowledge before they are able to benefit from grammatical priming. Performance on the BESA suggests that children’s ability to learn new grammatical forms was not dependent on their phonological short-term memory.
English for academic purposes

Book synopsis: The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics serves as an introduction and reference point to key areas in the field of applied linguistics. The five sections of the volume encompass a wide range of topics from a variety of perspectives: - applied linguistics in action - language learning, language education - language, culture and identity - perspectives on language in use - descriptions of language for applied linguistics. The forty-seven chapters connect knowledge about language to decision-making in the real world. The volume as a whole highlights the role of applied linguistics, which is to make insights drawn from language study relevant to such decision-making. The chapters are written by specialists from around the world. Each one provides an overview of the history of the topic, the main current issues and possible future trajectory. Where appropriate, authors discuss the impact and use of new technology in the area. Suggestions for further reading are provided with every chapter. The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics is an essential purchase for postgraduate students of applied linguistics.
Drug Therapy for Hypertension: Does ALLHAT Alter our Approach?

This continuing feature will update readers on recent developments in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the US, and more clinical outcome trials have been conducted in cardiology than in any other field of medicine. Given this rapidly expanding knowledge base, pharmacists can have a significant impact on prevention and treatment — if they keep current with developments in drug therapy.
Dosimetric characterisation of anthropomorphic PRESAGE® dosimeter and EBT2 film for partial breast radiotherapy

Abstract Purpose Whole-breast external beam radiotherapy results in significant reduction in the risk for breast cancer-related death, but this may be offset by an increase in deaths from other causes and toxicity to surrounding organs. Partial breast irradiation techniques are approaches that treat only the lumpectomy area rather than the whole breast. Quality assurance in the radiation therapy treatment planning process is essential to ensure accurate dose delivery to the patient. For this purpose, this article compares the results from an anthropomorphic PRESAGE® dosimeter, radiation treatment planning system and from the GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film. Materials and methods A breast dosimeter was created and a three-field partial plan was generated in the Pinnacle3 treatment planning system. Dose distribution comparisons were made between Pinnacle3 treatment planning system, GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film and PRESAGE® dosimeter. Dose–volume histograms (DVHs), gamma maps and line profiles were used to evaluate the comparison. Results DVHs of gross tumour volume, clinical tumour volume and planning tumour volume for the PRESAGE® dosimeter and Pinnacle3 treatment planning system shows that both measured and calculated statistics were in agreement, with a value of 97.8% of the prescribed dose. Gamma map comparisons showed that all three distributions passed 95% at the ±3%/±3 mm criteria. Comparisons of isodose line distribution between the PRESAGE® dosimeter, EBT2 film and planning system demonstrated agreement, with an average difference of 1.5%. Conclusions This work demonstrated the feasibility of PRESAGE® to function as an anthropomorphic phantom and laid the foundation for research studies in PRESAGE®/optical-computed tomography three-dimensional dosimetry with the most complex anthropomorphic phantoms.
Prediction Performance of Survival Models

Statistical models are often used for the prediction of future random variables. There are two types of prediction, point prediction and probabilistic prediction. The prediction accuracy is quantified by performance measures, which are typically based on loss functions. We study the estimators of these performance measures, the prediction error and performance scores, for point and probabilistic predictors, respectively. The focus of this thesis is to assess the prediction performance of survival models that analyze censored survival times. To accommodate censoring, we extend the inverse probability censoring weighting (IPCW) method, thus arbitrary loss functions can be handled. We also develop confidence interval procedures for these performance measures. We compare model-based, apparent loss based and cross-validation estimators of prediction error under model misspecification and variable selection, for absolute relative error loss (in chapter 3) and misclassification error loss (in chapter 4). Simulation results indicate that cross-validation procedures typically produce reliable point estimates and confidence intervals, whereas model-based estimates are often sensitive to model misspecification. The methods are illustrated for two medical contexts in chapter 5. The apparent loss based and cross-validation estimators of performance scores for probabilistic predictor are discussed and illustrated with an example in chapter 6. We also make connections for performance.