Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
90 Sr and 89 Sr in seawater off Japan as a consequence of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident

The impact of the earthquake and tsunami on the east coast of Japan on 11 March 2011 caused a loss of power at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) that resulted in one of the most important releases of artificial radioactivity into the environment. Although several works were devoted to evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides, the impact of the discharges to the ocean has been less investigated. Here we evaluate the distribution of Fukushima-derived 90 Sr ( n = 57) and 89 Sr ( n = 19) throughout waters 30–600 km offshore in June 2011. Concentrations of 90 Sr and 89 Sr in both surface waters and shallow profiles ranged from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 85 ± 3 Bq m −3 and from 19 ± 6 to 265 ± 74 Bq m −3 , respectively. Because of its short half-life, all measured 89 Sr was due to the accident, while the 90 Sr concentrations can be compared to the background levels in the Pacific Ocean of about 1.2 Bq m −3 . Fukushima-derived radiostrontium was mainly detected north of Kuroshio Current, as this was acting as a southern boundary for transport. The highest activities were associated with near-shore eddies, and larger inventories were found in the closest stations to Fukushima NPP. The data evidence a major influence of direct liquid discharges of radiostrontium compared to the atmospheric deposition. Existing 137 Cs data reported from the same samples allowed us to establish a 90 Sr / 137 Cs ratio of 0.0256 ± 0.0006 in seawater off Fukushima, being significantly different than that of the global atmospheric fallout (i.e., 0.63) and may be used in future studies to track waters coming from the east coast of Japan. Liquid discharges of 90 Sr to the ocean were estimated, resulting in an inventory of 53 ± 1 TBq of 90 Sr in the inshore study area in June 2011 and total releases of 90 Sr ranging from 90 to 900 TBq, depending upon the reported estimates of 137 Cs releases that are considered.
EVIDENCE FROM # BREXIT AND # USELECTION

This paper studies information diffusion in social media and the role of bots in shaping public opinions. Using Twitter data on the 2016 E.U. Referendum (“Brexit”) and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, we find that diffusion of information on Twitter is largely complete within 1-2 hours. Stronger interactions across agents with similar beliefs are consistent with the “echo chambers” view of social media. Bots have a tangible effect on the tweeting activity of humans but the degree of bots’ influence depends on whether bots provide information consistent with humans’ priors. Overall, our results suggest that the aggressive use of Twitter bots, coupled with the fragmentation of social media and the role of sentiment, could contribute to the vote outcomes. JEL classification: D70; D72; L86
Critical appraisal of denosumab in the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and bone loss in patients undergoing hormone ablation

Correspondence: David L Kendler Prohealth Clinical Research, 600-1285 west Broadway, vancouver, v6H 3X8, Canada Tel +1 604-263-3661 Fax +1 604-263-374 email kendler@ca.inter. net Abstract: Antiresorptive therapies are the mainstay for treating patients with excessively high rates of bone resorption. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL), secreted by osteoblasts, binds to the RANK receptor on the surface of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts to elicit osteoclast formation, survival, and activity. Osteoprotegerin, also secreted by the osteoblast, acts as a decoy RANK receptor reducing RANKL binding to RANK and reducing bone resorption. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, has a high affinity and specificity for RANKL. Denosumab rapidly decreases bone resorption and increases bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and one-third radius sites. In head-to-head trials, denosumab increased BMD and decreased bone resorption to a significantly greater degree than alendronate. In postmenopausal osteoporotic women, denosumab decreased the risk of vertebral fracture (68%), nonvertebral fracture (20%), and hip fracture (40%) over 36 months, compared to placebo. In patients with iatrogenic hypogonadism, denosumab rapidly decreased markers of bone resorption and increased BMD. In men treated with GnRH agonist for prostate cancer, treatment with denosumab led to a 62% decreased risk of new vertebral fracture over 3 years, as compared to placebo. In all trials completed to date, comparable adverse events have been observed in both denosumab and placebo or treatment groups.
Organic amendment increases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in primary coastal dunes

Abstract Plastic pots were inserted beneath seedlings of a shallow-rooted C4 grass species, Ischaemum indicum, with and without a root-impenetrable nylon sachet filled with organic matter (OM) amendment, at seven stations along an interrupted belt transect in which plant community and soil chemistry had been previously surveyed. The transect was perpendicular to mean high-water mark (MH-WM) across a primary coastal dune system in Goa, India, where summer monsoon is the predominant weather feature. The Quadrat survey of plant frequency was made in stations when the above-ground biomass was estimated to be highest. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal (AMF) spore density and diversity were determined morphologically in amended and control pots soils, and in OM sachet residues, after host-plant desiccation when monsoon rains had ceased. Twenty-seven AM fungal spore morphotypes were isolated from the pots containing OM amended rhizosphere soils, 19 from controls and 14 from OM residues in the sachets. Gigaspora margarita proved to be the dominant spore in all treatments. Eight morphotypes recovered from amended pots were not recovered from the controls. There was an increasing trend in species diversity in amended pots away from MH-WM. Spore recovery from the three regimes showed variable distribution that indicated differing AMF species strategies.
Biological activities of aerial parts extracts of endemic Tanacetum argenteum subsp. argenteum

Bu calismanin amaci, Tanacetum argenteum subsp. argenteum bitkisinin toprak ustu kisimlarindan elde edilen n-hekzan, kloroform, metanol ve sulu metanol ekstrelerinin antimikrobiyal ve antiproliferatif aktivitelerini arastirmaktir. Ekstrelerin antiproliferatif aktivitesi dort farkli insan kanser hucre hatlarina (A549: Akciger adenokarsinoma, Hela; Serviks adenokarsinoma, HT-29: Kolon adenokarsinoma, MCF-7; Meme adenokarsinoma) karsi MTT yontemiyle test edilmistir. Ekstrelerin antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ise Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153, ve Candida albicans ATCC 10231 suslarina karsi mikro-broth dilusyon yontemiyle arastirilmistir. Kloroform ekstresi 30 μg/ mL konsantrasyonda HT-29 and MCF-7 hucre hatlarinin gelisimini sirasiyla % 89 ve % 73 oraninda durdururken, n-hekzan ekstresi ise ayni konsantrasyonda bu hucre hatlarinin gelisimini sirasiyla % 75 ve % 74 oraninda inhibe etmistir. Ayni zamanda kloroform ekstresi A-549 and HeLa hucre hatlarinin gelisimi sirasiyla % 75 ve % 62 oraninda durdurarak onemli bir antiproliferatif aktivite gostermistir. Kloroform ekstresi, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis’e karsi 625 μg/ mL’lik MIK degerleriyle orta derecede antibakteriyel aktivite gostermistir. Metanol ve sulu methanol ekstreleri ise 1250 μg/mL’lik MIK degerleriyle Staphylococcus epidermidis ve Candida albicans suslarina karsi zayif antimikrobiyal aktivite gostermistir. Bu sonuclar, n-hekzan ve kloroform ekstresinin bu calismada kullanilan insan kanser hucre dizilerine karsi onemli bir antikanser aktiviteye sahip olduklarini gosterdi.
Section 1 IntroductIon and General concepts Chapter 1 Policy , Politics , and the intensive care Unit

The intensive care unit (ICU), located at the jagged interface between advanced biomedical technology and strained human biology, is sometimes perceived as an isolated silo within the larger health care universe. For some, this particular clinical setting may seem insulated from broader sociopolitical concerns facing the United States or the world. Practitioners or researchers in the field, it might be thought, could restrict their gaze to derangements in physiology, to the particularities of critical care pharmacology, to the evolving defenses of nosocomial microbes, and so on. However, as we aim to demonstrate in this chapter, the many political and economic forces at play in society are very much at work in the ICU. Issues of health inequalities, of lack of insurance, of underinsurance, of the appropriate allocation of resources, and of social justice are as relevant to the practice of critical care medicine (CCM) as they are to any other medical specialty. Indeed, particularly in light of growing critical care expenditures, predicted future growth in ICU demand, and the unique ethical issues faced in the ICU, health policy considerations should be considered a primary concern to both practitioners and investigators in the field. The ICU, in short, is very much an interlocking unit within the larger political economy of health care. An understanding of recent developments in health care reform in the United States—namely the enactment and ongoing implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)—is therefore very relevant to those in the field. Therefore, this chapter takes the following approach. First, we provide a brief overview of the history of health care reform efforts in the United States to contextualize our present situation. Next, we detail the ramifications of the ACA, and how it does and does not affect the problems of uninsurance, underinsurance, long-term care, and costs, with a focus on CCM. We then very briefly address how nations outside the United States contend with these issues. Subsequently, we detail some unique ICU-specific policy considerations, including issues of regionalization, workforce, capital allocation, and cost control. Finally, after having outlined the problems of the US health care system both in and outside the ICU, we present a case for a national health program (NHP), which, in our opinion, will most adequately address these various problems. A Very Brief HiStory of HeAltH cAre reform in tHe United StAteS
Anatomical investigations of Nonea dumanii (Boraginaceae)

Nonea Medik. species are represented worldwide by about 35 species and represented by 23 species in Turkey. Nonea species are commonly known as Sormuk otu and some species use as folk medicine; aerial parts prepared as porridge are used for wound healing and internally for stomachache in Turkey. In this study stem and leaf anatomy of the endemic Nonea dumanii Bilgili & Selvi species (Boraginaceae) was investigated. In the cross section of stem, cortex has 2-3 layers collenchymatic cells and multilayered parenchymatic cells. Epidermis contains glandular and eglandular trichomes on stem and leaf. Xylem is composed of sclerenchymatic cells and tracheary elements in vascular bundles. The pith is composed of parenchymatical cells. Stomata are anomocytic and amphistomatic in leaves. The sizes of stomata in abaxial surface are bigger than the sizes of stomata in adaxial surface, also stomata index of abaxial surface is bigger than in adaxial surface. Minor bundles are surrounded by one layered parenchymatic sheat in leaf. Palisade tissue is existing on both side of leaf (isobilateral). Spongy tissue
Mollusc Communitiess at Coastal Kemantren, Paciran, Lamongan

Research was to obtain mollusc densities, for classification quadrant station using mollusc communi¬ties at coastal Kemantren, Paciran district, Lamongan regengcy, East Java Province from November to December 2014, used descriptive method; data was collected from 3 stations was Station 1 located at mouth of river, Station II. located at settlement of inhabitant, and Station III located at mangrove. The lowest density of mollusc (1 individu) for instaned Nassarius arcularius at mouth of river. The highest density of mollusc (27 individu) at species emersoni at mouth river, meanwhile data analysed used cluster analysis SPSS program classified coastal (quadrant station) Kemantren into 3 of cluster. Cluster I located at mouth river and near the settlement, cluster II located near the settlement and mangrove forest, and cluster III located only at mangrove forest. Based the research result, it is recommended to sample in the various of substrat.
BEYOND "ESTs" Problematic Assumptions in the Pursuit of Evidence-Based Practice

There has been much confusion in the literature of psychotherapy between the broad concept of evidence-based practice and the narrower set of criteria that have been employed in designating certain treatments as “empirically validated” or “empirically supported. ” In contrast to the appropriate concern with examining the evidence for the efficacy of various approaches to therapy and for the theoretical assumptions that underlie them, the “empirically supported treatments” movement has been characterized more by ideology and faulty assumptions than by good science. This paper examines in detail the scientific and logical limitations of the “EST” movement and aims to place the empirical investigation of theory and practice in psychotherapy on a sounder basis.
Mathematical analysis of the transmission dynamics of brucellosis among bison

In this study, a mathematical model previously proposed for the transmission dynamics of brucellosis among bison was mathematically analyzed. Our qualitative and quantitative findings support the general hypothesis that the infection will vanish from the herd when the basic reproduction number R0<1 and will persist otherwise. A global sensitivity analysis was conducted, and the results of the Sobol indices indicated that the rate of loss of resistance (δ) and the recovery rate (v) were responsible for most of the variability in the expected number of infectious bison. On the other hand, according to the partial ranked correlation coefficients, the density‐dependent reduction in birth (φ), the mortality rate (m), the transmission coefficient (β), and the recovery rate (v) exerted very high (and negative) correlations with the number of infectious bison, whereas the rate of loss of resistance (δ) and the calving rate (a) exerted very high (and positive) correlations with the number of infectious bison. Control measures should therefore aim at increasing the magnitude of φ, m, and v and reducing those of δ and a. In addition, experimental studies are needed to precisely estimate the rate of loss of resistance and the recovery rate in order to increase the accuracy of the expected number of infectious bison. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in chicken and beef from retail outlets in Malaysia

The prevalence of Salmonella in chicken and beef sold in retails outlets in Malaysia was determined by analysing 312 raw beef and chicken meat samples including their processed products. Samples purchased from supermarkets, butcher shops and wet market, which being classified into raw, minced and processed chicken and beef. A total of 86 (27.6%) samples were found positive for Salmonella spp. , with chicken meat samples (40.4%) showed greater presence compared to beef (15.4%). Highest presence of Salmonella were detected from wet market samples (35.4%), followed by supermarket (26.9%) and butcher shop (21.3%). The prevalence of Salmonella were higher in unpacked chicken meat (84.8%), followed by unpacked beef (27.8%). Salmonella serovars were identified as S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar, S. Dublin, S. Anatum, S. Stanley, S. Gallinarum, S. Choleraesuis and S. Typhimurium. Detection of 8 Salmonella serovars showed possibilities of cross contamination in various sources either at slaughtering house, processing plant or until storage at retails level. Improper cooking method on meats and hygiene practices prior to consume should be avoided in order to ensure food safety before ingestion.
Attitudes of health professionals working in a university hospital towards ageism

This study was carried out to determine the attitudes of health professionals working in Erciyes University Hospitals towards ageism and the related factors. In this cross-sectional study, 351 people working in Erciyes University hospitals and accepting to participate in the research were included. In the statistical analysis, unpaired t-test, one-way ANOVA test (post hoc Scheffe), covariance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Of the study group 34.8% is male, 65.2% is female and the mean age is 33.6±7.8 years. In the study group, the mean total score of the AAS was 84.5±8.2 and mean score was found to be higher in physicians than nurses and other health professionals. The effect of gender, marital status, and economic status, living with elderly individuals and the frequency of care for elderly people in their occupation on the AAS total score was not statistically significant. On the other hand, those who are 40 years of age and above, those who work more than 10 years, those who are willing to give care to elders and the physicians have a higher AAS mean total score. The ageism scores of the health professionals working in university hospital are positive but moderate. Larger studies should be carried out to evaluate the attitudes of health professionals towards elders and to improve their attitudes positively.
Effects of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on growth performance and immuno-physiological parameters in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Supamattaya, K. , Sukrakanchana, N. , Boonyaratpalin, M. , Schatzmayr, D. and Chittiwan, V. Effects of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on growth performance and immunophysiological parameters in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. , 2005, 27(Suppl. 1) : 91-99 Ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON), naturally occurring contaminants of animal feed, have been implicated in several mycotoxicoses in farm livestock but there is little information on their toxicity in aquatic invertebrates. Therefore, in the present study an 8-week feeding trial was conducted on black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to assess the effects of OTA and DON on growth performance, haemolymph parameters and histopathology of shrimp. Results showed that feed supplemented with DON caused no effect on growth or survival rate of the shrimp. However, shrimps fed DON feed diet with 1,000 ppb showed significantly higher growth performance. No significant difference in total haemocyte counts (THC) was found in shrimp fed mycotoxins-supplemented feed. Feeding high level of OTA (1,000 ppb) caused a decrease in phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Although no histopathological change was observed, decrease in serum ORIGINAL ARTICLE 1Dr. rer. nat. (Aquatic Animal Diseases), Assoc. Prof., 5M.S. (Zoology), Aquatic Animal Health Research Center, Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand. 2M.Sc. (Fisheries Science), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Songkhla 90000 Thailand. 3Ph.D. (Fish Nutrition), Department of Fisheries, Kaset Klang, Bangkhen, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand, 4Biomin Innovative Animal Nutrition GmbH, Industriestrasse 21, 3130 Herzogenburg, Austria. Corresponding e-mail : kidchakan.s@psu.ac. th Received, 28 June 2004 Accepted, 20 September 2004 Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 27 (Suppl. 1), 2005: Aquatic Science 92 Effects of OTA and DON on black tiger shrimp Supamattaya, K. , et al. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels in shrimp fed OTA or DON indicated that mycotoxin may impair the functioning of hepatopancreatic cells. Since no adverse effect occurred with the highest levels of OTA and DON (1,000 and 2,000 ppb, respectively) on haemolymph parameters and no residue was detected at the completion of the 8-week feeding period, it can be concluded that shrimp feeds occasionally contaminated with OTA or DON have no negative impact on the shrimp culture industry.
African-American Recreation at Two Corps of Engineers. Projects: A Preliminary Assessment

Abstract : Research is being conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) to examine ethnic groups' existing and future use of Corps of Engineers operating projects and to determine the recreation preferences and needs of these groups. This information will be used by decision-makers in project planning and operations. This technical note presents the preliminary findings of research among African-Americans and discusses the implications regarding the Corps' working relations with its African- American customers.
Negative effects of smartphone use on physical and technical performance of young footballers

Mobile devices (i.e., smartphones and tablets) have acquired important functions in both interpersonal and individual spheres. For this reason, they can cause a true dependence for the young people. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of prolonged use of smartphones on physical and technical performance of young footballers. In total, 16 young male footballers (15.0 ± 1.1 years) were randomly assigned to two studies, Study 1 (S1, n=8) or Study 2 (S2, n=8), in which the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 and the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test were performed, respectively. The soccer-specific physical and technical performance was assessed for S1 and S2. In both studies, the participants underwent to mental fatigue through the use of smartphones (Brain It On App) for 30 minutes, and to the control condition (normal activities) after at least 48 hours. S1 performed shorter running distances in the state of mental fatigue than under the control condition (∆ -10.56%; p = 0.046; d = 0.82). In addition, mental fatigue significantly increased the performance time in S2 compared with the control condition (∆ +15.7%; p = 0.003; d = 1.64). Our findings suggest that prolonged use of smartphones, which causes mental fatigue, can reduce the physical and technical performance of young footballers. Therefore, it is necessary to educate to the conscientious use of technology.