Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of soil fertility management and crop response to fertilizer application in Ethiopia:Towards development of site- and context-specific fertilizer recommendation

More than 80% of the Ethiopian population is dependent on agriculture, which contributes about 50% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and more than 80% of its export earnings. Although the agricultural sector is the engine of economic growth and the country has designed an “Agriculturalled Industrialization”, the agricultural sector is still characterized by severe soil erosion, high levels of nutrient mining, low use of external inputs, low productivity and limited capacity to respond to environmental shocks. Thus, the country is grappling with a daunting challenge: produce more food for a fast-growing population on low fertility soils on land owned by poor smallholder farmers who are unlikely to afford adequate input use. To address these challenges, several efforts are being made since the 1960s to assess the potential effects of various sources of organic and mineral fertilizers on crop yield and soil fertility status of the differing farming systems in the country.
Control of crown rot of banana using Carica papaya latex

Abstract: Crown rot, incited by a complex of fungi, is a major cause of postharvest losses in banana. Fusarium semitectum,Colletotrichum musae and C. gloeosporioides were identified as the major crown rot causing fungi in Sri Lanka. In addition Verticillium theobromae and Botryodiplodia theobromae are also associated with the disease. Conidia of major crown rot pathogens, when exposed to the water soluble fraction (WSF) of Carica papaya (papaya) latex underwent complete digestion. A 50% preparation of WSF digested a dense suspension of C. gloeosporioides conidia within 1 minute. Application of the WSF of papaya latex onto the cut surface of banana crown preinoculated with F. semitectum, C. musae and C. gloeosporioides prevented the development of crown rot. The activity of enzymes in the WSF of latex, particularly the chitinase, could be implicated to the conidia digestion process. The latex is more effective when applied at least 60 minutes after dehanding, allowing sufficient time for crown exudates to dry out. This appears to be due to the coagulation of proteins in papaya latex in the presence of watery exudate of the freshly exposed banana crown. The latex treatment also hardened and induced a black colouration in the exposed crown surface forming a physical barrier to invading pathogens. Keywords: Carica papaya latex, chitinase activity, crown rot pathogens. Doi: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v39i2. 3176 J.Natn. Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2011 39 (2): 155-162
LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC AMBIGUITY IN HUMOR

Ambiguity occurs when a sentence has more than one meaning. Ambiguity can be caused by the ambiguous lexicon in which one word has more than one meaning and it can also be caused because of the way the sentence is structure (syntactic). The context also determines whether the sentence can be interpreted differently and become ambiguous. Ambiguity often causes confusion, and has become one of the phenomena in language studies, especially semantics. This study investigates ambiguity in creating humors. The data were taken from electronic sources in forms of newspaper headlines, jokes, riddles and anecdotes. The number of the data collection includes 25 cases of ambiguity. 12 sentences were lexically ambiguous, while the other 13 sentences were syntactically ambiguous. The results showed that lexical ambiguity and syntactic ambiguity were the language devices used to create puns in humor. The results also suggested that the ambiguity could be an effective source of humor when it particularly involves dual interpretations in which one interpretation gives a serious meaning and tone, whereas the other interpretation gives a humorous meaning which is not likely to occur in normal contexts.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2017. 010113
Clinical evaluation of a universal adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions.

OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical performance of a universal adhesive in class V non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using two surface treatment protocols (self-etch [SfE] vs selective-enamel-etch [SelE]). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-three adults, each with ≥2 NCCLs, received one resin composite restoration utilizing a SfE universal adhesive and another utilizing the adhesive and SelE with 37% phosphoric acid. Restorations were evaluated for sensitivity, retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, and clinical acceptability through 24 months using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests for stratified, ordered categorical outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-six restorations (35 SfE, 31 SelE; 27 volunteers) were evaluated at 24 months. There were no significant differences between SfE and SelE for sensitivity, retention, marginal adaptation, or clinical acceptability. One SfE restoration was lost. Marginal adaptation was significantly worse at 24 months than baseline for SelE (P = 0.01), but not for SfE. Marginal discoloration was significantly worse for SfE (P = 0.02), but not for SelE. Sensitivity improved from baseline to 24 months for both groups (SelE P = 0.004, SfE P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Twenty-four-month data indicated significantly reduced sensitivity for both groups, worse marginal discoloration for SfE, and worse marginal adaptation for SelE. No changes in retention or clinical acceptability were observed in either group. All retained restorations were clinically acceptable at 24 months. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Both self-etch and selective enamel etch techniques with a universal adhesive produced clinically acceptable results in resin composite restorations for NCCLs over 2 years.
Head and Foot Coordination in Head Scratching and Food Manipulation by Purple Swamp Hens ( Porphyrio porphyrio): Rules for Minimizing the Computational Costs of Combining Movements from Multiple Parts of the Body

Complex movements, such as placing food into the mouth, involve coordinating multiple limb segments. Given the degrees of freedom for one limb segment, the computational costs of such complex movements can be high. One way to reduce such costs is to limit the adjusting movements needed to achieve coordination of distal body parts to only one part of the body. For example, for scratching the head, the hand or foot needs to make contact with the head and this involves movements of the head, neck and torso, as well as those of the foot and leg, or hand and arm. In this situation, the foot or hand is raised to a specific location in space and then makes oscillatory movements, but it is movements by the head and neck that ensure appropriate contact is made with the head (Pellis, 2010). In this paper, whether such cost-saving rules apply across functional contexts is tested in the purple swamp hen by comparing head and foot coordination during head scratching and during food reaching and handling. This species uses its foot to grasp and hold a wide range of food items that are picked up in its bill. Comparison of hundreds of videotaped sequences revealed that, in both cases, the bird uses the same rule: that of making the accommodating movements with only one of those body parts, even when coordination requires movements of disparate parts of the body. These data show that there are likely common computational cost-saving rules that widely apply to movements occurring in many different functional contexts.
Seasonal variations in histomorphology of testes and bursa, immune parameters and serum testosterone concentration in male guinea fowl (Numida meleagris).

Received: Revised: Accepted: March 25, 2014 December 10, 2014 December 15, 2014 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of photoperiod on histomorphological changes in testes and bursa, immune function parameters like total leukocyte count and lymphocyte count and serum testosterone level of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) during different breeding seasons. Bursa and testes were collected from 10 mature male guinea fowls aged 6-8 months during full breeding (summer), low breeding (autumn) and non-breeding (winter) seasons (n=10). Tissues were stained with H&E and Image J software was used for histometric analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that breeding seasons affected significantly (P 0.05) during low breeding and full breeding seasons. Immune parameters exhibited a significantly higher value during non-breeding season with a significantly declining trend during low breeding and full breeding seasons. Serum testosterone levels were also significantly (P<0.01) different during all breeding seasons. Testosterone showed a negative correlation (r =-0.946) with immune function parameters. It is conceivable that increased steroid hormone synthesis enhances testicular activity during full breeding season but depresses the immune function. This trend however, reversed in nonbreeding season, which assists the survival in the hard climatic conditions. ©2014 PVJ. All rights reserved
Study of Adenosine Deaminase Activity As A Biochemical Marker of Cell Mediated Immunity in Tuberculous Meningitis, Tuberculous Pleural Effusion and Tuberculous Ascites

The present study conducted with the aim that ADA estimation is a simple cheaper and quicker biochemical test and could provide additional supportive evidence for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous pleural effusion, tuberculous ascites in clinically suspected cases and will therefore help in early institution of therapy to these patients. The data was collected and interpreted at department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jom.v13i1. 9065 JOM 2012; 13(1): 32-38
Self Efficacy on Narrative Writing Ability of Primary School Student

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical data about the effect of self efficacy on the ability of writing narrative. The method used is survey with expostfacto technique. The study was conducted at Lengkong subdistrict Bandung city in fifth grade school year 2016/2017. Research sample at Pelita primary school and Karangpawulang primary school using purposive sampling technique was done to 283 students. Data collection techniques in this study is use questionnaire instrument for self efficacy using likert scale and data writing skills narrative done with essay test. Retrieval of data obtained through tests and analysis by simple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 17 software. The results of study showed that self efficacy has an effect on the ability to writing narrative class V student in nation primary school at Lengkong subdistrict Bandung city. Keyword: self efficacy; writing ability; writing narrative
Challenges of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) In Vietnam during the Process of Integration into the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

This paper analyzes the economic obstacles faced by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam during the process of integration into ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). It also examines the level of awareness of those obstacles within SMEs and the preparation they made, if any, to overcome those obstacles. To achieve the research objectives, quantitative methods are used. With surveyed data that covered 2,575 SMEs in Vietnam from the Central Institute of Economic Management (CIEM) and the data from the Asian Kenan Institute (OSMEP), the results showed that Vietnamese SMEs are facing major obstacles, such as: (1) intense competition from domestic as well as foreign businesses (2) difficulty in consumer markets, (3) lack of capital, and (4) limited understanding of relevant laws. Lastly, the study provides some suggestions to help Vietnamese SMEs overcome these obstacles and prepare to actively integrate into regional markets.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON DISPERSION OF α-MANGOSTIN IN PNIPAM MICROGEL SYSTEM

α-mangostin is a natural product containing xanthone core structure isolated from mangosteen rind. It is known to possess many biological properties including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Some food products such as XanGo Mangosteen Juice, Vemma Mangosteen Juice Nutrition Supplement and Nanoxan Gold containing α -mangostin are readily available in the market. Spectroscopic study showed that α -mangostin exhibits a maximum fluorescence peak at approximately 500 nm which can be utilized for internal irradiation and photoimaging purposes. It may also have an effect on a formulated products containing α -mangostin. However, the emission peak for α-mangostin was not observed in the PNIPAM microgel solution. In the present study, α -mangostin was added into PNIPAM microgel solution. The dispersion of α -mangostin was studied by using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
Utilization of Olive Kernel Ash in Removal of RB19 from Synthetic Textile Wastewater

The colored wastewater of textile industries has to xic and stable material in the environment. Several methods for removal of synthetic dyes was investigated that adsorption is most effective between these methods. This study wa s performed experimentally and in laboratory scale. The adsorpt ion capacity of dye is related to pH of solutions, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time. The concentrations of dye were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 592nm. To analyze the equilibrium data was used from the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms models and pseudo-first-order, pseudosecond-order and Elovich kinetics models. The results indicated that the increase in adsorben t dose led to increasing of the removal efficiency. According to the results, adsor ption efficiency was increased with decreasing of p H and increase in reaction time. Increasing of initial dye concentration from 10 to 50 mg/L in present of 0.5g/100mL of adsorbent , pH=4 and at contact time of 180 min led to decrease of removal efficiency fr om 96% to 93.7%. In addition, the Langmuir isotherm model had good fit with obtained results. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. The results show that the olive kernel ash is a natural and cheap adsorbent that can be used for th e removal of reactive blue 19 dye from textile wast ewater. In addition we can utilize of this sorbent for other organic pollutant s.
Seismic Sensitivity Analysis of Different Carbonate Lithofacies: A Full-elastic Simulation

Using a complete 2D full-elastic seismic simulation from geological modelling, to 2D seismic data forward modelling, to non-linear full-waveform inversion – the interaction of various carbonate lithofacies are observed. Specifically, three different environments of deposition within a carbonate shelf along with their pore-types ranging from partially cemented moldic macropores, open vugs, to the intergranular pores of coral facies are of key interest. To fully grasp the interaction, lithofacies determination of the inverted parameters are characterized to see if the different lithofacies can be matched to their true counterpart of the geological model or distinguishable based on crossplot clustering. In the end, our findings show that individual pore-types are unable to be detected using only inverted surface-seismic data – rather, various facies groups of depositional environments are capable of being characterized by the crossplot clustering of elastic parameters and seismic velocities.
Band edge localization and the density of states for acoustic and electromagnetic waves in random media

Nous etudions la propagation des ondes acoustiques et electromagnetiques dans les milieux aleatoires. Le modele est decrit par un operateur non-perturbe avec un gap dans le spectre. Ajoutant une perturbation aleatoire, nous montrons l'existence des ondes localisees aux energies aux bords du spectre de l'operateur non-perturbe presque surement. En plus, nous donnons une demonstration de l'existence et la continuite lipschitzienne de la densite d'etats integree, suivant une nouvelle estimation de type Wegner.
Term Structure of Interest Rates Implications of Habit Persistence

This paper investigates the term structure implications of a simple structural model with nonseparable preferences and habit formation. The distinguishing features of the model are that the drift of equilibrium spot interest rates is non-linear, interest rates depend on lagged values of monetary and consumption shocks, and the price of risk is not a constant multiple of interest rates volatility. We solve the model in closed-form and investigate its empirical properties. We find that habit persistence can help reproduce (i) the non-linearity of the spot rate process, (ii) the empirical Campbell and Shiller (1991) linear projection coefficients and the documented deviations from the expectations hypothesis, (iii) the extent of the persistence of conditional volatility of interest rates, (iv) the lead/lag relationship between interest rates and monetary aggregates, and (v) the dynamics of the inflation risk premium. We also describe the limitations of this particular form of habit persistence. Although the model improves some traditional models with respect to several dimensions, its ability to reproduce, at the same time, the equity risk premium and the conditional second moments of interest rates is still limited. JEL classification: D9, E3, E4, G12
Risk Aversion and Effort in an Incentive Pay Scheme with Multiplicative Noise: Theory and Experimental Evidence

The application of the classical "linear" model of incentive pay to the case when the noise is multiplicative to effort generates two predictions for a given strength of incentives: 1) more risk-averse workers will put in less effort, and 2) setting a performance target will weaken the negative risk aversion--effort link. The data from a real-effort laboratory experiment involving 85 student participants support both these predictions. Implications of the model and empirical findings to the literature on, and practice of, personnel management are discussed.
Impact of Social Media on Business Performance: Empirical Study on Apparel Fashion Brand Retailers in Sri Lanka

Social media has become critical gradient in current marketing mix in general and in promotion mix specifically. Adapting some form of marketing online through social media is a key node for all businesses. This have a significant impact on handicrafts and fashion industries where trends are rapidly replaced by new coming . Even though the social media has been a strong and convenient marketing strategy, because of the less awareness and technicality involved in it, most of the businesses are not much aware of the concept or does not give much importance to it. Main objective of this study is to measure the effect of social media marketing on business performance in the apparel fashion brand retailer industry Sri Lanka. Outcome of this research helps the apparel fashion brand retailers to pay their attention on the areas in social media marketing that needs further investigations to improve the business performance. Survey based, quantitative research approach was adopted in achieving the research objectives. Keywords— Apparel, Business Performace, Fashion Retailers, Social meadia marketing
Effects of Kanamycin on growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana seedling, cotyledon and leaf.

In this research, growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana seedling cotyledon and leaf were distinctly influenced by kanamycin. Contrasted against the control, cotyledon on MS with kanamycin was very small and took on etiolation, etiolation of cotyledon was serious and some even died as cultured for 10 d. Along with culture time increasing, cells in the epidermis tissue of cotyledon on MS with kanamycin were irregularly arranged, the intercellular space in the mesophyll tissue was large, and ability of cell division in the meristematic zone of shoot tip gradually weakened. In addition, it was detected that effects of kanamycin on seedling cotyledon and shoot tip exhibited reversibility to a certain extent. Accordingly, it is guessed that kanamycin may affect growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedling cotyledon and leaf by restraining protein synthesis, and then influence growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedling.
Genetic Variations among Open Pollinated Families of Selected Better Trees in Melia Dubia

Twenty open pollinated families in Melia dubia were selected and evaluated for growth attributes and genetic divergence. The experiment was conducted at Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; Mettupalayam situated at 11° 19’ N longitude, 76° 56’ E latitude at 300 MSL during January December 2010. The study indicated significant differences among the selected families for various growth attributes. Among 20 open pollinated families evaluated, three families viz., FCRIMD 11, FCRIMD 14 and FCRIMD 15 exhibited consistent superiority over growth periods for height, basal diameter and volume index. Genetic divergence studies resulted in grouping of the selected families into six clusters which indicated the existence of adequate genetic divergence. Among the clusters, cluster I was the largest with 10 open pollinated families. While the maximum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster II. The intra and inter cluster distance revealed that maximum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and VI which indicated the presence of wide genetic distance between Melia dubia open pollinated families. Among the various growth attributes, volume index contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by plant height. These two characters could act as a reliable indicator for future improvement programme in this economically important species. Genetic analysis of the families indicated adequate variability in the population. The PCV and GCV estimates exhibited superiority of volume index followed by basal diameter and plant height. Whereas, plant height and volume index exhibited moderate heritability. The genetic advance was high for volume index followed by plant height which indicated the reliability of these two parameters for inclusion in future improvement programme.
Optimization of Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul Juice Spray Drying Process

In this work, the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the microencapsulation of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul juice with whey protein isolated using a spray drying technique. A Box-Behnken design was used to establish optimum spray drying conditions for Agave tequilana juice. The process was optimized to obtain maximum powder yield with the best solubility time, hygroscopicity, bulk density, water activity, and reducing sugars. The independent parameters for the spray drying process were outlet temperature of 70–80°C, atomizer speed of 20000–30000 rpm, and airflow of 0.20–0.23 m3 s−1. The best spray drying condition was at outlet temperature of 80°C, atomizer speed of 20000 rpm, and air flow rate of 0.23 m3 s−1 to obtain maximum powder yield , minimum solubility time (352.8 s), maximum bulk density (560 kg m−3), minimum hygroscopicity ( s−1), and minimum (0.39). The Agave tequilana powder may be considered as an interesting source of dietary fiber used as food additive in food and nutraceutical industries.
The Western Tharsis deposit A 'high sulphidation' Cu—Au deposit in the Mt Lyell field, of possible Ordovician age

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