Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose as a parenteral iron treatment in iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy

Background: Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a serious global concern specially in developing country, which is preventable with effective measures. In women who cannot tolerate oral iron or have moderate to severe anemia, parenteral iron in the form of iron sucrose or ferric carboxymaltose can be very much useful. This study aimed to compare efficacy and safety of iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose in iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.Methods: This prospective interventional comparative study was conducted during May 2016 to April 2018 at tertiary care hospital and total 100 antenatal women from 28 to 34 weeks of gestation having moderate to severe anemia were included in this study and all women were divided in to 2 groups randomly and were given either iron sucrose or ferric carboxymaltose according to iron requirement. Rise in haemoglobin and serum ferritin were noted and data analysed statistically.Results: The mean rise of haemoglobin with iron sucrose was 1.8 gm% and with ferric carboxymaltose was 2.6 gm%. The mean rise of serum ferritin with iron sucrose was 82.4 ng/ml and with ferric carboxymaltose was 100.9 ng/ml. Other than minimal local reaction one woman had developed severe anaphylactic reaction after receiving iron sucrose.Conclusions: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose is better and safe molecule than iron sucrose and it has advantage of ability to administer large dose in single sitting which reduce overall cost of therapy. Hence ferric carboxymaltose is a drug of choice as parenteral iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia during second trimester of pregnancy.
In vivo imaging reveals mitophagy independence in the maintenance of axonal mitochondria during normal aging

Mitophagy is thought to be a critical mitochondrial quality control mechanism in neurons and has been extensively studied in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, little is known about how mitochondria are maintained in the lengthy neuronal axons in the context of physiological aging. Here, we utilized the unique Drosophila wing nerve model and in vivo imaging to rigorously profile changes in axonal mitochondria during aging. We revealed that mitochondria became fragmented and accumulated in aged axons. However, lack of Pink1 or Parkin did not lead to the accumulation of axonal mitochondria or axonal degeneration. Further, unlike in in vitro cultured neurons, we found that mitophagy rarely occurred in intact axons in vivo, even in aged animals. Furthermore, blocking overall mitophagy by knockdown of the core autophagy genes Atg12 or Atg17 had little effect on the turnover of axonal mitochondria or axonal integrity, suggesting that mitophagy is not required for axonal maintenance; this is regardless of whether the mitophagy is PINK1‐Parkin dependent or independent. In contrast, downregulation of mitochondrial fission–fusion genes caused age‐dependent axonal degeneration. Moreover, Opa1 expression in the fly head was significantly decreased with age, which may underlie the accumulation of fragmented mitochondria in aged axons. Finally, we showed that adult‐onset, neuronal downregulation of the fission–fusion, but not mitophagy genes, dramatically accelerated features of aging. We propose that axonal mitochondria are maintained independently of mitophagy and that mitophagy‐independent mechanisms such as fission–fusion may be central to the maintenance of axonal mitochondria and neural integrity during normal aging.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Patients of Urinary Tract Infections in Iraq

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial infections of urinary tract in patients with urolithiasis. The patients were referred to and/or visiting the Urology Department in Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city. Methods: The present study was carried out from November 2011 until July 2012. One hundred and sixty patients with urolithiasis were included in the present study whose ages ranged from 12 to 70 years. Male to female ratio was almost 2:1. The control group consisted of two groups; group one consisted of 40 persons (20 males and 20 females) who were selected randomly from Tikrit city during the period of this study and they had no previous personal nor family history of urolithiasis, while group two consist of 40 persons (20 males and 20 females) infected with urinary tract infection. Urine culture was done for all the patients and the control group. Results: Forty five percent (45/160) of these had UTI’s. Six patients revealed mixed bacterial growth. Eighty-four percent (38/45) of patients with UTI were infected with gram negative organisms where as only 16% (7/45) of patients were infected with gram positive organisms. The majority of the gram negative bacteria isolated belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae particularly E. coli as it was isolated from 14 (31%) cases. The urease producing bacteria were isolated from 31 cases (50%). Conclusions: UTI’s in urolithiasis was more frequent in females than males and the percentages were 28/45 and 17/45 respectively. The most effective antimicrobial agent was amikacin and the least effective one was ampicillin, whereas ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and gentamicin were effective at different levels.
Epstein-Barr virus-derived plasmids replicate only once per cell cycle and are not amplified after entry into cells

Some possible ways in which replication of plasmids containing the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plasmid maintenance origin, oriP, might be controlled were investigated. Virtually all plasmid molecules were found to replicate no more than once per cell cycle, whether replication was observed after stable introduction of the plasmids into cells by drug selection or during the first few cell divisions after introducing the DNA into cells. The presence in the cells of excess amounts of EBNA1, the only viral protein needed for oriP function, did not increase the number of oriP-replicated plasmids maintained by cells under selection. In the cell lines studied, EBNA1 and oriP seem to lack the capacity to override the cellular controls that limit DNA replication to one initiation event per DNA molecule per S phase. The multicopy status of EBV-derived, selectable plasmids appears to result from the initial uptake by cells of large numbers of plasmid molecules, the efficient maintenance of these plasmids, and the pressure of genetic selection against plasmid loss. Other unknown controls must be responsible for the amplification of EBV genomes soon after latent infection of cells.
Relationship between National Institutes of Health research awards to US medical schools and managed care market penetration.

CONTEXT Medical research conducted in academic medical centers is often dependent on support from clinical revenues generated in these institutions. Anecdotal evidence suggests that managed care has the potential to affect research conducted in academic medical centers by challenging these clinical revenues. OBJECTIVE To examine whether empirical evidence supports a relationship between managed care and the ability of US medical schools to sustain biomedical research. DESIGN Data on annual extramural research grants awarded to US medical schools by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from fiscal years 1986 to 1995 were obtained, and each medical school was matched to a market for which information about health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration in 1995 was available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Growth in total NIH awards, traditional research project (R01) awards, R01 awards to clinical and basic science departments, and changes in institutional ranking by NIH awards were compared among schools located in markets with low, medium, and high managed care penetration. RESULTS Medical schools in all markets had comparable rates of growth in NIH awards from 1986 to 1990. Thereafter, medical schools in markets with high managed care penetration had slower growth in the dollar amounts and numbers of NIH awards compared with schools in markets with low or medium managed care penetration. This slower growth for schools in high managed care markets was associated with loss of share of NIH awards, equal to $98 million in 1995, and lower institutional ranking by NIH awards. Much of this revenue loss can be explained by the slower growth of R01 awards to clinical departments in medical schools in high managed care markets. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of an inverse relationship between growth in NIH awards during the past decade and managed care penetration among US medical schools. Whether this association is causal remains to be determined.
Uptake of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) by microphytobenthic communities

Although it is established that labile fractions of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), such as dissolved free amino acids (DFAA), can be utilized by microalgae, few studies have considered their quantitative importance for microphytobenthos (MPB). Mixed MPB communities, from 1 and 20 m water depth and treated in 2 ways (semi-natural and isolated), and axenic diatom cultures (Cylindrotheca fusiformis) were examined for the uptake of DFAA. Uptake was measured using naturally low concentrations (<1 μmol 1 -1 ) of a mixture of 3 H-labeled DFAA ( 3 H-AA) under different light conditions and varying levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic uptake were differentiated using chloramphenicol. Biomass (chl a) and production ( 14 C uptake) were measured as well. 3 H-AA was taken up during the incubations in all experiments: 20 to 40% in the culture experiments, and 2 to 18% in the mixed MPB experiments. Of the total adsorption-corrected uptake, prokaryotic uptake accounted for 45 to 85% (0.3 to 2.2 μmol N m -2 h -1 ), while eukaryotic uptake accounted for 15 to 55% (0.3 to 0.7 μmol N m -2 h -1 ). Short-term (hours) light changes had no effect on 3 H-AA uptake, and ammonium availability lowered 3 H-AA uptake only marginally. Shade-adapted MPB communities (20 m) took up 3 H-AA more efficiently than light-adapted communities (1 m). The estimated contribution from DFAA to the microalgal N-demand was 6 to 12 and 55 to 100% (1 and 20 m sediment, respectively). Our findings suggest that DON, specifically DFAA, may be an important source of N for MPB communities, particularly where DIN and light are limiting. Moreover, tentative estimations suggest that DFAA can provide MPB communities with a considerable portion of their total N-demand (10 to 100%).
Predictions of single‐nucleotide polymorphism differentiation between two populations in terms of mutual information

Mutual information (I) provides a robust measure of genetic differentiation for the purposes of estimating dispersal between populations. At present, however, there is little predictive theory for I. The growing importance in population biology of analyses of single‐nucleotide and other single‐feature polymorphisms (SFPs) is a potent reason for developing an analytic theory for I with respect to a single locus. This study represents a first step towards such a theory. We present theoretical predictions of I between two populations with respect to a single haploid biallelic locus. Dynamical and steady‐state forecasts of I are derived from a Wright–Fisher model with symmetrical mutation between alleles and symmetrical dispersal between populations. Analytical predictions of a simple Taylor approximation to I are in good agreement with numerical simulations of I and with data on I from SFP analyses of dispersal experiments on Drosophila fly populations. The theory presented here also provides a basis for the future inclusion of selection effects and extension to multiallelic loci.
An Indoor Visible Light Positioning System Based on Optical Camera Communications

We experimentally demonstrate an indoor visible light positioning system based on optical camera communications, in which the transmitted coordinate data are spatially separated and demodulated by a camera. The receiver’s position is calculated based on the coordinates of light-emitting diodes in the real word and in the image. The experimental results show that the proposed system with under-sampled phase shift keying modulation offers an error free data transmission and mean positioning errors of 5.0 and 6.6 cm for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 120 and 180 cm, respectively.
Cost-Effectiveness of Lumbar Fusion and Nonsurgical Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain in the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial From the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group

Study Design. A cost-effectiveness study was performed from the societal and health care perspectives. Objective. To evaluate the costs-effectiveness of lumbar fusion for chronic low back pain (CLBP) during a 2-year follow-up. Summary of Background Data. A full economic evaluation comparing costs related to treatment effects in patients with CLBP is lacking. Patients and Methods. A total of 284 of 294 patients with CLBP for at least 2 years were randomized to either lumbar fusion or a nonsurgical control group. Costs for the health care sector (direct costs), and costs associated with production losses (indirect costs) were calculated. Societal total costs were identified as the sum of direct and indirect costs. Treatment effects were measured using patient global assessment of improvement, back pain (VAS), functional disability (Owestry), and return to work. Results. The societal total cost per patient (standard deviations) in the surgical group was significantly higher than in the nonsurgical group: Swedish kroner (SEK) 704,000 (254,000) vs. SEK 636,000 (208,000). The cost per patient for the health care sector was significantly higher for the surgical group, SEK 123,000 (60,100) vs. 65,200 (38,400) for the control group. All treatment effects were significantly better after surgery. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), illustrating the extra cost per extra effect unit gained by using fusion instead of nonsurgical treatment, were for improvement: SEK 2,600 (600–5,900), for back pain: SEK 5,200 (1,100–11,500), for Oswestry: SEK 11,300 (1,200–48,000), and for return to work: SEK 4,100 (100–21,400). Conclusion. For both the society and the health care sectors, the 2-year costs for lumbar fusion was significantly higher compared with nonsurgical treatment but all treatment effects were significantly in favor of surgery. The probability of lumbar fusion being cost-effective increased with the value put on extra effect units gained by using surgery.
Saproamanita, a new name for both Lepidella E.-J. Gilbert and Aspidella E.-J. Gilbert (Amaniteae, Amanitaceae)

The genus Amanita has been divided into two monophyletic taxa, Amanita, an ectomycorrhizal genus, and Aspidella, a saprotrophic genus. The controversies and histories about recognition of the two genera based on trophic status are discussed. The name Aspidella E. -J. Gilbert is shown to be illegitimate and a later homonym of Aspidella E. Billings, a well-known generic name for an enigmatic fossil sometimes classified as a fungus or alga. The name Saproamanita is coined to replace Aspidella E. -J. Gilbert for the saprotrophic Amanitas, and a selection of previously molecularly analyzed species and closely classified grassland species are transferred to it along with selected similar taxa. The type illustration for the type species, S. vittadinii, is explained and a subgeneric classification accepting Amanita subgen. Amanitina and subgen. Amanita is proposed. Validation of the family name, Amanitaceae E. -J. Gilbert dating from 1940, rather than by Pouzar in 1983 is explained.
Maximum Rank Reproducibility: A Nonparametric Approach to Assessing Reproducibility in Replicate Experiments

ABSTRACT The identification of reproducible signals from the results of replicate high-throughput experiments is an important part of modern biological research. Often little is known about the dependence structure and the marginal distribution of the data, motivating the development of a nonparametric approach to assess reproducibility. The procedure, which we call the maximum rank reproducibility (MaRR) procedure, uses a maximum rank statistic to parse reproducible signals from noise without making assumptions about the distribution of reproducible signals. Because it uses the rank scale this procedure can be easily applied to a variety of data types. One application is to assess the reproducibility of RNA-seq technology using data produced by the sequencing quality control (SEQC) consortium, which coordinated a multi-laboratory effort to assess reproducibility across three RNA-seq platforms. Our results on simulations and SEQC data show that the MaRR procedure effectively controls false discovery rates, has desirable power properties, and compares well to existing methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Kyungchul Song “ Bootstrapping Semiparametric Models with Single-Index Nuisance Parameters ” Second Version PIER Working Paper 10-026

This paper considers models of conditional moment restrictions that involve nonparametric functions of single-index nuisance parameters. This paper proposes a bootstrap method of constructing con dence sets which has the following three merits. First, the bootstrap is valid even when the single-index estimator follows cube-root asymptotics. Second, the bootstrap method accommodates conditional heteroskedasticity. Third, the bootstrap does not require re-estimation of the single-index component for each bootstrap sample. The method is built on this papers general nding that as far as the single-index is a conditioning variable of a conditional expectation, the inuence of the estimated single-indices in these models is asymptotically negligible. This nding is shown to have a generic nature through an analysis of Fréchet derivatives of linear functionals of conditional expectations. Some results from Monte Carlo simulations are presented and discussed. Keywords: Semiparametric conditional moment restrictions; single-index restrictions; cube root asymptotics; bootstrap; JEL Classi cations: C12, C14, C51. 1A previous version of this paper was circulated under the title, "Two-Step Extremum Estimation with Estimated Single-Indices. " I thank Xiaohong Chen, Stefan Hoderlein, Simon Lee, Frank Schorfheide and seminar participants at the Greater New York Econometrics Colloquium at Princeton University for valuable comments. I would also like to express my gratitude to two referees for comments that led to a substantial improvement of the paper. All errors are mine. Address correspondence to Kyungchul Song, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 528 McNeil Bldg, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297.
Learning Graph Convolution Filters from Data Manifold

Convolution Neural Network (CNN) has gained tremendous success in computer vision tasks with its outstanding ability to capture the local latent features. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in extending CNNs to the general spatial domain. Although various types of graph convolution and geometric convolution methods have been proposed, their connections to traditional 2D-convolution are not well-understood. In this paper, we show that depthwise separable convolution is a path to unify the two kinds of convolution methods in one mathematical view, based on which we derive a novel Depthwise Separable Graph Convolution that subsumes existing graph convolution methods as special cases of our formulation. Experiments show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms other graph convolution and geometric convolution baselines on benchmark datasets in multiple domains.
In vitro sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cells to fludarabine, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and chlorambucil: correlation with clinico-hematological and immunophenotypic features.

BACKGROUND Chlorambucil (CLB), 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA) and fludarabine (FAMP) are among the most widely used drugs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Therefore we evaluated in vitro sensitivity to these drugs and cross-resistance of purine analogs. In addition, we correlated the in vitro data with the main clinico-hematological variables and surface markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty CLL samples obtained from 63 untreated and 17 treated CLL patients were tested in vitro with the MTT assay. Lethal dose (LD)50 values were calculated to determine sensitivity to CLB, 2-CDA and FAMP. RESULTS Samples were clustered either for a one-log increase of LD50 values or for LD50 threshold values of 3 microM for FAMP, 0.3 microM for 2-CDA and 7 microM for CLB, which correspond to the therapeutically achievable plasmatic levels of these drugs. A higher number of samples sensitive to 2-CDA were identified by the first approach; with the second method the relative order of sensitivity was FAMP > 2-CDA > CLB. Concerning 2-CDA and FAMP cross-resistance, out of 61 samples resistant to 2-CDA, 29.5% were sensitive to FAMP. Conversely, 13.9% out of 43 samples resistant to FAMP were sensitive to 2-CDA. No correlation was found between the main clinico-hematological features and the LD50 values of each drug either considering the whole series or only the untreated cases. In vitro drug sensitivity was also evaluated during the steady-state of the disease and at disease progression in six untreated cases. We observed a mean increase in the LD50 values of about 13, 38 and 22 times for CLB, FAMP and 2-CDA, respectively. Among the treated cases, the LD50 values of both purine analogs and CLB correlated with bone marrow histology. CLL cells expressing CD14, CD11c, CD11b, and FMC7 were more resistant in vitro to purine analogs but not to CLB. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that i) the purine analogs exert a greater cytotoxic effect on CLL cells; ii) 2-CDA and FAMP are not cross-resistant in vitro in a percentage of CLL samples, iii) a possible change in LD50 values may be related to modification of the disease status, and iv) the expression of certain surface markers, which are CLL-unrestricted, identifies samples with higher in vitro resistance to purine analogs.
Localization of a novel locus for autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism, PARK6, on human chromosome 1p35-p36.

The cause of Parkinson disease (PD) is still unknown, but genetic factors have recently been implicated in the etiology of the disease. So far, four loci responsible for autosomal dominant PD have been identified. Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP) is a clinically and genetically distinct entity; typical PD features are associated with early onset, sustained response to levodopa, and early occurrence of levodopa-induced dyskinesias, which are often severe. To date, only one ARJP gene, Parkin, has been identified, and multiple mutations have been detected both in families with autosomal recessive parkinsonism and in sporadic cases. The Parkin-associated phenotype is broad, and some cases are indistinguishable from idiopathic PD. In > or = 50% of families with ARJP that have been analyzed, no mutations could be detected in the Parkin gene. We identified a large Sicilian family with four definitely affected members (the Marsala kindred). The phenotype was characterized by early-onset (range 32-48 years) parkinsonism, with slow progression and sustained response to levodopa. Linkage of the disease to the Parkin gene was excluded. A genomewide homozygosity screen was performed in the family. Linkage analysis and haplotype construction allowed identification of a single region of homozygosity shared by all the affected members, spanning 12.5 cM on the short arm of chromosome 1. This region contains a novel locus for autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism, PARK6. A maximum LOD score 4.01 at recombination fraction . 00 was obtained for marker D1S199.