Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deletion analysis of cspA of Escherichia coli: requirement of the AT‐rich UP element for cspA transcription and the downstream box in the coding region for its cold shock induction

In order to analyse the mechanism of cold shock induction of CspA, a major cold shock protein of Escherichia coli, deletion analysis of the cspA gene was carried out. It was found that (i) the AT‐rich sequence (−47 to −38) upstream of the cspA−35 region may act as the UP element playing a crucial role in cspA transcription at both 37°C and 15°C; (ii) the unusually long 5′‐UTR of the cspA mRNA has negative effects on cspA expression at 37°C; and (iii) in contrast, the 5′‐UTR exerts a positive effect on mRNA stabilization at low temperature. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the 14 base downstream box (DB) locating 12 bases downstream of the initiation codon of the cspA mRNA and complementary to a region near the decoding region of 16S rRNA was essential for the mRNA translation during the growth lag acclimation phase immediately after cold shock. During this phase, translation of non‐cold shock gene mRNAs is blocked, since they require cold shock‐specific ribosomal factors for the formation of the translation initiation complex. It is proposed that DB in cold shock mRNAs allows the formation of a stable initiation complex at low temperature in the absence of the cold shock ribosomal factors.
The role of consensus

What is the lift cycle of a standat-d, from the first recognition of the need fir one, through its development stage, and on to its final acceptance? Overall, one might note that the standa&making process involves many dikferent groups whose mode of operation is a complex combination of comtnercr and govrmmmt. Consensus must he obtained and often this involves the signiticant expenditure of resources in time and money. An advanced country tends to have at least one major standards institute. For example, the U.S. has the American National Standards Institute and the U.K. has the British Standards Institute. An alliance of European nations has crated a standards organiration called thr Committee of E:uropean Normalization. which receives input from I8 European countries. The International Organiation Sir Standards receives input fi-om virtually all countries. Ln addition to the national and supranational organirationa, many commet-cial and volunteer groups play important roles in developing standards. For instance, the institute of~Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) sponxxs the drvrlopment of ~~umerous standxds. IEEE Standard Process Developing an IEEE standard is an auivity authorized by the IEEE Standards Board. Volunteer working groups propose to the hoard drafts of a standard, which must first pass a consensus ballot. The ballot is intended to establish the recommended draft proposal as a consensus of affected and interested parties. IEEE mrmbn-s may participate by requesting inclusion in the balloting body. Nonmembers desiring a vote may petition the board for enfranchisement. The ballot is usually distributed by mail and recipients are given 30 days t” respond. Voters may be,@, abstazn, or agains the proposed document. Votes against the proposal trust be accompanied by commrnts that explain the negative position in enough detail that the draft could he altered to accommodate that opinion (and so automatically reverse that negative vote). All received commrnts get a
Influence of Empowerment on Nurses ’ Participation in Decision Making

Background: Nursing profession is increasingly confronted with many challenges, thus nurses must be empowered to participate in all levels of decision making to enhance their commitment and improve patient care. Aim: This study aimed at identifying the influence of empowerment on nurses’ participation in decision making PDM. Method: Descriptive-correlation design was used. The study subjects included all (645) nursing staff worked at El-Mahalla General Hospital. The data were collected using IConditions of work effectiveness questionnaire, encompassed structural (57 items) and psychological empowerment (9 items). IIDecisional Involvement Scale (18 items). Results: (77.4%) of the study subjects had a high level of psychological empowerment. (44.4%) of them had a moderate level regarding structural empowerment, (76.9%, 72.9% and 47.3%) had moderate level of formal power, resources and information subscales respectively. Majority (93%) had low level of actual PDM and there was statistically high significant correlation between nurses’ empowerment and PDM. Conclusion: Regardless the considerable percent of nurses’ empowerment they still need to be empowered to enhance their PDM. It is Recommended to increase nurses’ representation in administrative boards, and apply comprehensive strategies to improve nurses’ actual PDM. Keyword: Nurses, psychological empowerment, structural empowerment, actual, preferred, and participation in decision making.
Differences in Mathematics Anxiety by Sex, Program, and Education of University Mathematics Students in Turkey

In this study, we aimed to re-examine sex-related differences in mathematics anxiety and to investigate the effects of two different programs associated with mathematics education applied in Turkish universities on mathematics anxiety. Mathematics anxiety scores were assessed in 221 male and 142 female students, 238 in the education faculty and 125 in the science faculty. There were no sex-related mean differences for mathematics anxiety scores, and scores were not related to faculty program. The lower mean mathematics performance on the university entry examination of the students of science faculty may be associated with the mathematics anxiety.
Discrimination des procédés de transformation post-récolte du Cacao et du Café par analyse globale de l’écologie microbienne

Le cacao et le cafe sont les produits agricoles les plus echanges dans le monde. Ils subissent de nombreuses transformations post-recolte au niveau des pays producteurs (tropicaux) avant d'etre exportes. Les procedes de traitements post-recolte different d'un pays a l'autre voire d'un agriculteur a l'autre. La transformation technologique du cacao en feves marchandes et des grains de cafe en cafe vert necessite un processus primaire de manutention. Ces pratiques participent et influencent, en general, la qualite marchande et organoleptique des produits destines a la transformation. Notre hypothese de travail est que les differents procedes de transformation post-recolte appliques sur le cafe et le cacao ont une influence sur la structure des communautes microbiennes. L'objectif principal etait de pouvoir mesurer cet effet en realisant l'analyse globale des communautes microbienne en utilisant un outil de biologie moleculaire, la PCR-DGGE (Amplification par PCR couplee a l'electrophorese sur gel en gradient denaturant). Cette technique a ete associee au sequencage afin d'identifier les especes microbiennes majoritaires. Cette etude a montre que les communautes microbiennes associees aux grains de cafe et aux feves de cacao varient au cours des differentes etapes pour chaque type de traitement post-recolte applique.Notre approche a permis de discriminer les voies de traitements, et l'origine geographique du cafe Camerounais et Indonesien. Notamment, nous avons montre que l'origine geographique et l'espece de cafe utilisee ont un impact sur l'ecologie microbienne du cafe moins important par rapport a celui du procede. L'application au cacao nous a permis de relier l'analyse globale de l'ecologie microbienne (DGGE) a l'analyse des composes volatils (SPME-GC-MS) afin de discriminer les differents traitements post-recolte. Des micro-fermentations ont ete realisees avec des souches microbiennes isolees du cacao (L. fermentum, A. pasteurianus, P. kudriavzevii et P. mashurica) dans le but d‘identifier l'origine des composes volatils detectes sur le cacao fermente. Notre etude a contribue a montrer que la fermentation combinee a une courte duree de stockage avant fermentation est le procede qui permet d'obtenir des feves contenant plus de composes aromatiques desirables sur le cacao. Une analyse statistique a permis de combiner les resultats des deux types d'analyses (ecologie microbienne et composes aromatiques) et de creer des relations entre les especes detectees et les composes volatils presents. Les profils aromatiques identifies ont permis d'envisager l'utilisation des souches testees comme starters de culture pour la fermentation du cacao.
Associations Between the T280M and V249I SNPs in CX3CR1 and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

PURPOSE Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CX3CR1 gene, T280M and V249I, have been reported to affect the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in several studies. The aim of the present study was to combine all published data on the relationship between these two variants and AMD susceptibility in a meta-analysis to clarify this association. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were searched for all eligible studies on the relationship between AMD and T280M and V249I variants. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each SNP in the allele frequency, homozygote, second codominant genotype, and dominant genotype models were calculated to evaluate the strength of this association. RESULTS A total of 3017 AMD cases and 4096 controls from eight studies were involved in this meta-analysis. Both T280M and V249I SNPs exhibited significant associations with increased risk of AMD in the allele (T versus C: OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-1.91; A versus G: OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.55) and homozygous models (TT versus CC: OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.00-4.43; AA versus GG: OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00-1.61), while no significance association was observed for the codominant genotype model. Moreover, studies showing high linkage disequilibrium between these two variants demonstrated a significantly stronger connection between these SNPs and AMD risk, compared with the moderate linkage disequilibrium group. CONCLUSIONS Significant evidence for a relationship between T280M and V249I variants in CX3CR1 in the homozygote state with increased susceptibility to AMD was reported. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Novel Sample Preparation Method of Polymer Emulsion for SEM Observation

The aim of this study was to design a simple and reliable method for obtaining the detailed information about the average size, size distribution, and the surface morphology of particles with variation of the sample preparation of a polymer emulsion. In this work, the characteristic features of the particles of rosin size with high viscosity were first described by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphologies of polymer emulsion of solid lipid nanoparticles and of the microspheres were observed. The advantage of the method is that not only the true size and shape of emulsion particles can be shown, but the problem of high‐viscosity emulsion that prevents there study with SEM is solved. Using this new method, the micromorphology and size distribution of the emulsion particles with different viscosities have been clearly observed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing Adaptive Prior and Posterior Inflation for Ensemble Filters Using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model

Sampling errors and model errors are major drawbacks from which ensemble Kalman filters suffer. Sampling errors arise because of the use of a limited ensemble size, while model errors are deficiencies in the dynamics and underlying parameterizations that may yield biases in the model’s prediction. In this study, we propose a new time-adaptive posterior inflation algorithm in which the analyzed ensemble anomalies are locally inflated. The proposed inflation strategy is computationally efficient and is aimed at restoring enough spread in the analysis ensemble after assimilating the observations. The performance of this scheme is tested against the relaxation to prior spread (RTPS) and adaptive prior inflation. For this purpose, two model are used: the three-variable Lorenz 63 system and the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). In CAM, global refractivity, temperature, and wind observations from several sources are incorporated to perform a set of assimilation experiments using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). The proposed scheme is shown to yield better quality forecasts than the RTPS. Assimilation results further suggest that when model errors are small, both prior and posterior inflation are able to mitigate sampling errors with a slight advantage to posterior inflation. When large model errors, such as wind and temperature biases, are present, prior inflation is shown to be more accurate than posterior inflation. Densely observed regions as in the Northern Hemisphere present numerous challenges to the posterior inflation algorithm. A compelling enhancement to the performance of the filter is achieved by combining both adaptive inflation schemes.
Relational pathways to substance misuse and offending in women: the role of trauma, insecure attachment and shame

Background: family and other close interpersonal relationships are highlighted as an important dynamic risk factor for reoffending in women. However, empirical research is scarce and findings inconsistent, with key meta -analytical reviews limited in relation to adult women offenders. Aims: this review systematically evaluated the empirical evidence for an association between close relationships, especially family and intimate partner relationships, and recidivism in women and the underlying psychological processes involved. Results: the search resulted in eight included studies. Most were of fair methodological quality but had several limitations. Findings were inconsistent and inconclusive; yet they suggested that relationship factors may be relevant to reoffending when interacting with other complex problems. Conclusions: research is needed that explores the interacting and mediating effects of various factors, including relationships, on women's reoffending, and the underlying psychological processes involved.
Communicating health promotion and disease prevention information to patients via email: a review

Email could be used in primary health-care settings for delivering health promotion and disease prevention information, providing an alternative method of delivery for brief interventions. We examined the literature on the use of email for this purpose. Systematic review methodology was used. The main medical databases were searched and there were no restrictions by study design, health-care setting or population. The search identified ten relevant articles, only one of which was a randomised controlled trial. Many articles discussed the potential use of email for health promotion and disease prevention but did not provide evidence. There is much scope for further research in this area.
Correlation of Wigner Energy and Neutron Flux Distribution in KRR-2 Graphite

As a result of neutron diffusion in the graphite in thermal column of KRR-2 research reactor Wigner energy and various nuclide contents have been shown a kind of very complicated distribution contour maps along with the distance from reactor core[1]. Characteristics of the irradiated graphite caused by neutron collision in the carbon structure are a function of neutron dose. Irradiated graphite dismantled from the thermal column in KRR-2 research reactor, therefore, has been shown to include somewhat degree of Wigner energy, specific radioactivity and the resulting radioactive chemicals/nuclides at different values based on the positions in the study of bulk mode of graphite structure[1]. The differences of residual energy(i.e., Wigner energy) and radioactive chemical property between the individual irradiated graphite in a lump of graphite stack in thermal column might be induced by a self-shielding effect[2,3] and/or by a diffusion ratio[4]. To estimate the neutron energy content affected in graphite moderator system Monte Carlo simulation skill (MCNP code (MCNP4C) and LAHET code) was well used as cited in literatures[24]. In this study an analytical thermal neutron diffusion model was used to evaluate the characteristics of the irradiated graphite due to the accumulated neutron energy doses in thermal column graphite. Comparison between an analytical neutron diffusion model and numerical simulation with MCNP code was developed. Variances of Wigner energy and the radioactivity as a function of distance from the reactor core were the major comparison data to correlate with the experimental data.
Induction of tube formation by angiopoietin‐1 in endothelial cell/fibroblast co‐culture is dependent on endogenous VEGF

The angiopoietin‐1 (Ang1)/Tie2 receptor system is known to be important for angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. However, its contribution to the survival and morphogenesis of endothelial cells is still not well elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the role of the Ang1/Tie2 pathway in cell survival and tube formation using a human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cell and fibroblast co‐culture system. In this system, which mimics angiogenesis in vivo, fibroblasts secrete a basal level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Ang1 stimulated tube formation. However, anti‐VEGF or anti‐VEGF receptor‐2 neutralizing antibody blocked the Ang1‐induced tube formation. Furthermore, other angiogenic factors such as hepatic growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) showed the same pheno‐type as Ang1, i.e., a stimulatory effect only in the presence of endogenous VEGF. The Ang1‐promoted tube formation was mainly due to suppression of HUVE cell apoptosis in a PI3‐kinase‐dependent manner. These findings suggest that Ang1 stimulates tube formation in vivo via the PI3‐kinase/Akt pathway, but this effect takes place only in a VEGF‐dependent manner.
Effectiveness of behavioral parent training for children with ADHD in routine clinical practice: a randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of behavioral parent training (BPT) as adjunct to routine clinical care (RCC). METHOD After a first phase of RCC, 94 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ages 4-12, all referred to a Dutch outpatient mental health clinic, were randomly assigned to 5 months of BPT plus concurrent RCC (n = 47) or to 5 months of RCC (n = 47) alone. BPT consisted of 12 sessions in group format; RCC included family support and pharmacotherapy when appropriate. Exclusionary criteria were minimized, and children with and without medication could participate. Parent-reported behavioral problems, ADHD symptoms, internalizing problems, and parenting stress were assessed before and after treatment. Follow-up assessment of the BPT + RCC group was completed 25 weeks post-BPT intervention. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were carried out on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS Both groups showed improvements over time on all measures. BPT + RCC was superior to RCC alone in reducing behavioral (p = .017) and internalizing (p = .042) problems. No outcome differences were found in ADHD symptoms (p = .161) and parenting stress (p = .643). These results were equal for children with and without medication. Children allocated to RCC alone received more polypharmaceutical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive BPT enhances the effectiveness of routine treatment of children with ADHD, particularly in decreasing behavioral and internalizing problems, but not in reducing ADHD symptoms or parenting stress. Furthermore, adjunctive BPT may limit the prescription of polypharmaceutical treatment.
Image Quality Metrics for the Evaluation and Optimization of Capsule Video Endoscopy Enhancement Techniques

Capsule endoscopy, using a wireless camera to capture the digestive track, is becoming a popular alternative to traditional colonoscopy. The images obtained from a capsule have lower quality compared to traditional colonoscopy, and high-quality images are required by medical doctors in order to set an accurate diagnosis. Over the last years several enhancement techniques have been proposed to improve the quality of capsule images. In order to verify that the capsule images have the required diagnostic quality some kind of quality assessment is required. In this work, the authors evaluate state-of-the-art no-reference image quality metrics for capsule video endoscopy. Furthermore, they use the best performing metric to optimize one of the capsule video endoscopy enhancement methods and validate through subjective experiment. c © 2017 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. [DOI: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci. Technol.2017. 61.4. 040402] INTRODUCTION Capsule video endoscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for diagnosis of the digestive tract diseases. It has many advantages over traditional colonoscopy,1 as being less invasive, the lack of a requirement for sedation, and no need for gas insufflation. Also, since it is less invasive it might also increase participation in colorectal cancer screening. Capsule video endoscopy has been used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease2 (i.e., Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis), gastrointestinal bleeding, and polyps. It has been shown to have a high sensitivity for the detection of clinically relevant lesions.3 The capsule itself is about 11 mm× 32 mm and usually captures images at a rate of 4 frames per second.4 The images are at a lower resolution compared to traditional colonoscopy (usually full-HD). The images produced by capsule video endoscopy suffers from several problems, such as uneven illumination, low resolution, images taken under low illumination, high compression ratio, and noise. The problem of capsule image quality enhancement has been an active research topic since capsules appeared commercially in 2006. Enhancement techniques for capsule video endoscopy can be categorized based on the image attributes they focus on for accurate diagnosis of pathologies. There are four main categories: (1) making blood vessels visible; (2) removing
Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig Efficient solution of nonlinear elliptic problems using hierarchical matrices with Broyden updates

The numerical solution of nonlinear problems is usually connected with Newton’s method. Due to its computational cost, variants (so-called quasi-Newton methods) have been developed in which the arising inverse of the Jacobian is replaced by an approximation. In this article we present a new approach which is based on Broyden updates. Instead of updating the inverse we introduce a method which constructs updates of the LU decomposition. Since an approximate LU decomposition of finite element stiffness matrices can be efficiently computed in the set of hierarchical matrices, the complexity of the proposed method scales almost linearly. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach.
Palaeogravity calculations based on weight and mass estimates of four Tyrannosaurus rex specimens

The dinosaur chosen for this study of palaeogravity was Tyrannosaurus rex since this is one of the best known carnivore theropod dinosaurs. 1 See for example: Harlé (1911), Kort (1949), Pennycuick (1992, 2008, 2016), Hurrell (1994, 2011, 2012, 2014a, 2014b, 2018), Carey (2000), Mardfar (2000, 2012, 2016), Erickson (2001), Sato et al (2009), Scalera (2003a, 2003b), and Strutinski (2012, 2016a, 2016b) Abstract