Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gaming attribute preferences in social marketing programmes: Meaning matters more than rewards

Purpose There is growing evidence that serious games can be an effective tool in social marketing programmes. Although multiple (serious) game attribute frameworks exist, there is limited knowledge about which game attributes are applicable for sensitive social marketing issues. This research aims to fill this gap by compiling a taxonomy of game attributes for serious games based on the existing literature and investigating which of the game attributes users prefer in the context of an alcohol programme targeted at adolescents. Design/methodology/approach Three serious games were administered to a sample of adolescents as part of a larger trial. Game feedback data from 640 participants are coded and compared using the synthesised classification taxonomy of reward-based and meaningful game attributes. Findings Meaningful game attributes are more frequently preferred than reward game attributes across all three serious games. Research limitations/implications This study examined serious games targeting only one specific context (alcohol) in one market segment (Australian adolescents) on one gaming platform (online). Practical implications This study proposes that meaningful game attributes are more important than reward game attributes when designing serious games for (alcohol) social marketing programmes. Nevertheless, social marketers must also recognise that reward-based game attributes are important attributes, as they are essential for making and motivating gameplay. Originality/value This research is the first social marketing study that provides insight into game attributes which are preferred by users of serious games or gamified technology in social marketing programmes.
Modeling automotive gas-exchange solenoid valve actuators

We develop a finite-element analysis (FEA) model to describe transient and static operation of gas-exchange valves. Such valves, directly controlled by solenoids, are a promising method for enhancing automotive engine efficiency. The FEA model is validated by experimental testing on an actual automotive prototype valve. We show that a nonlinear lumped-parameter model that uses FEA results also closely matches experimental data. The lumped-parameter model is suitable for optimization of design and can be readily used for closed-loop simulation. We present a simplified lumped-parameter model to facilitate controller design. Finally, we compare a dynamic open-loop simulation with experimental results.
Temperature scaling of electromigration threshold product in Cu/low-K interconnects

In this paper, we report on the temperature dependence of electromigration threshold product in copper interconnects. The electromigration threshold product (jL)c is first determined from lifetime distributions for temperatures ranging from 260°C to 330°C. We then propose an alternative method to determine (jL)c at much lower temperatures. We show that the threshold product does not vary significantly in the investigated temperature range. We demonstrate this alternative method is suitable to determine (jL)c close to the final product operating temperature, which would require unrealistic test duration if performed with a conventional method based on lifetime data.
The Prevalence of Loneliness Among Adults: A Case Study of the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT Within contemporary Western (post) modern societies, loneliness is seen as a problem that is particularly associated with old age. Much less attention has been given to examining variations in loneliness across age groups. We examine patterns of loneliness across adults aged 15 years and older in the United Kingdom using data from the European Social Survey. We first consider the prevalence of loneliness among the adult population; then the relationship between loneliness and a range of key risk factors, and finally the relationship with age for each of our risk factors. Loneliness demonstrates a nonlinear U-shaped distribution, with those aged under 25 years and those aged over 65 years demonstrating the highest levels of loneliness. Depression is associated with loneliness for all age groups. Poor physical health is associated with loneliness in young adult and midlife but not later life. For those in mid and later life, the quality of social engagement is protective against loneliness, while for young adults it is the quantity of social engagement. This indicates that different factors may endow vulnerability (or protect) against loneliness at different stages of life and suggests that preventative strategies or interventions that reflect these variations need to be developed.
Accelerating time

Using a legitimacy lens, we theorize that changes in the firm’s board of directors parallel the evolving stakeholder audience that accords legitimacy to the firm—a key resource to the firm’s survival. Powerful new stakeholders post- initial public offering (IPO) such as the listing exchange and the securities regulators are anticipated to impact board gender diversity through their regulatory pressure, while pre-IPO investors such as venture capitalists are reducing their equity positions and thus providing opportunities for director turnover. At the same time, the firm is increasing in size and visibility, building additional sociocultural legitimacy pressures for increased gender diversity. While prior research centers on the effect of different types and intensity of legitimacy pressures on board characteristics, we explore how changes in the question of firms’ legitimacy “to whom” affects board composition, that is, we examine the comparative effect of regulation and society on board composition. We test our hypotheses by analyzing panel data for all North American technology firms doing IPOs on the NASDAQ exchange during a 12-year time frame between 1997 and 2011. Our analysis shows that regulation, although not explicitly directive, can play a key role in accelerating board gender diversity. Implications for future research on corporate governance and managerial and policy takeaways complete this article.
Public Risk Perspectives Regarding the Threat of Terrorism in Belgrade: Implications for Risk Management Decision-Making for Individuals, Communities and Public Authorities

1 Vladimir M. Cvetković, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Serbia. E-mail: vmc@fb.bg. ac.rs 2 Eric Noji, Ph.D., Distinguished University Professor and Senior Consultant in Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Hospitals and College of Medicine, USA. E-mail: eric@eknoji.com 3 Marina Filipović, Doctoral Candidate, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Serbia. E-mail: fmarina@fb.bg. ac.rs 4 Marija Popović Mančević, Doctoral Candidate, Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Serbia. E-mail: marija.popovic@ kpa.edu. rs 5 Želimir Kešetović, Ph.D., Professor, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Serbia. E-mail: zelimir.kesetovic@gmail.com 6 Nenad Radović, Ph.D., Professor, Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Serbia. E-mail: nenad.radovic@kpa.edu. rs ming from the different p erspectives of p oliticians, academics, security experts, etc. Schwenkenbecher (2012: 14) defined terrorism as a strategy or a tactic that employs violence or force in order to reach political objectives. Public perceptions of the risk of terrorism are very important for directing risk management decision-making and for preparedness planning. Regarding public risk perception of terrorism threats, the following specific characteristics were examined in order to identify methods to more effectively implement new initiatives aimed at strengthening the management of terrorism risks (Cvetković, 2017). Also, this information can be used to inform risk communication strategies. Generally, preparedness may be defined as the knowledge, capabilities and actions of governments, organizations, community groups, and individuals ‘‘to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions’’ (UNISDR, 2009). The preparedness level of individuals is determined by assessing the degree to which such persons use material and intellectual resources such as emergency funds and personal disaster kits; timely access to disasPublic Risk Perspectives Regarding the Threat of Terrorism in Belgrade: Implications for Risk Management Decision-Making for Individuals, Communities and Public Authorities
Study Factors Affecting the Level of Information Disclosure of Vietnamese Enterprises

This study explores the status of information disclosure and the factors affecting the disclosure of information in the annual report of listed companies in the stock market of Vietnam This study uses a combination of weighting methods, assessing the level of published information of each criterion to measure the level of information disclosure both in terms of quantity and quality. The authors use a combined approach to measure the level of disclosure in the annual report of 289 enterprises in Vietnam. In which, the authors use to test the parameters and non-parametric testing of the level of disclosure of information under the industry and according to Big4 auditing firms. At the same time, in this research, the authors apply the OLS regression and quantile regression model to examine the effect of each factor on the level of information disclosure. Research shows that the level of disclosure in the annual report is 58.57%. The research has identified four factors that affect the level of disclosure: independent audit, enterprise size, profitability, financial leverage. However, there are two factors that do not affect the level of disclosure: the number of members of the board of directors and the Chairman & General Director. This result will suggest some recommendations to help businesses, agencies to improve the level of information disclosure.
secondary Failure to Treatment with Oral Antidiabetic Agents in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes

To study the etiopathogenesis of secondary drug failure to treatment with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) we compared 60 “nonresponders” with 60 “responders” to treatment with oral drugs. Secondary drug failure was defined as mean diurnal blood glucose >12 mmol/L after an initial good response of ≥2 yr. The nonresponders were characterized by 50% lower C-peptide concentrations than the responders (P < 0.001). We could not, however, define a critical C-peptide level to discriminate between patients requiring and not requiring insulin therapy. There was a wide overlap of individual C-peptide values between responders and nonresponders that attenuates the clinical value of single C-peptide measurements in predicting therapy. Only by serial measurements over a period of time was it possible to achieve information about changes in beta cell function. The nonresponders showed increased frequency of islet cell (P < 0.01), thyroid antimicrosomal (P < 0.01), and gastric parietal cell antibodies (P < 0.02). In nonresponders, HLA-antigen B8 was increased (P < 0.05) and HLA-B7 decreased (P < 0.01) compared with frequencies of responders. In conclusion, impaired beta cell function is a characteristic feature of many, but not all, NIDD patients who fail on treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs. The presence of islet cell and thyrogastric antibodies can unmask a distinct group of NIDD patients with a high risk of secondary drug failure and subsequent insulin dependency. HLA typing may further help to predict secondary failure in NIDD.
Regulation of CD1, Ki-67, PCNA mRNA expression, and Akt activation in estrogen-responsive human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7 cells, by griffonianone C, an isoflavone derived from Millettia griffoniana

Context: Millettia griffoniana Baill. (Fabaceae), which contains isoflavonoids like griffonianone C (Griff C), is commonly used in the folk medicine in Cameroon to treat various ailments. Possible health benefits of Griff C which include alleviation of menopausal symptoms, limitation of bone resorption, and lowering of the risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases attracted our interest. Objective: The effects of Griff C on the regulation of the expression of proliferation markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 (CD1) and Ki-67 are investigated here. Its role in apoptosis or cell survival, through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway is further studied. Materials and methods: Semiquantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the effects of Griff C on gene expression in MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis was used to assess the role of Griff C on the expression of phosphorylated Akt in MCF-7 cells. Results: Griff C induced a 4.84-fold increase in the expression of Ki-67 mRNA at the concentration of 10−8 M and a 3.90-fold increase of CD1 mRNA at 10−7 M. Griff C slightly increased the phosphorylation of Akt at its serine 473 residue. Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, but not by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist, fulvestrant. Discussion and conclusion: These findings suggest that Griff C can modulate proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Our results also suggest that Griff C can affect the PI3K-related signaling pathway. Thus, Griff C may exert part of its low proliferative and antiapoptotic effects by a nongenomic mode of action.
Laboratory Errors Leading to Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Recurrence After Mohs Micrographic Surgery

BACKGROUND Compared with standard surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) provides superior cure rates for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Although cure rates of NMSC approach 99% with MMS, local recurrences occasionally occur. OBJECTIVE The authors sought to identify histological features during frozen section examination that were associated with local recurrence of NMSC after MMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed of patients undergoing a second MMS procedure to treat locally recurrent NMSC over a 20-month period. Histological slides were reviewed to assess for possible causes of local recurrence. RESULTS Of 3,169 NMSCs treated, 22 were locally recurrent. Possible causes of recurrence identified after MMS included dense inflammation in the final margin at sites affected by tumor in prior slides (27%), visible remaining tumor (23%), missing epidermal or dermal tissue (23%), and actinic keratosis (4%). One recurrence was possibly explained by incorrect mapping. No abnormality could be detected in 18% of cases. Possible limitations include the small sample size, retrospective design, and the possibility that some patients may have been lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION Local recurrences after MMS are extremely rare. When recurrences do occur, they can be attributed to errors in histological interpretation or tumor mapping.
Local cultural conservation to support sustainable tourism in Kuta tourist area

Cultural conservation is very important in the tourism area to support sustainable tourism. This study uses the cultural studies approach and tourism. The specific purposes of this research are (1) to know the forms of cultural conservation conducted by the people of Kuta Traditional Village (Desa Adat Kuta), (2) to know the impact of tourism on the conservation of local culture, (3) to find out the strategy in preserving local culture for the sustainability of tourism in Kuta tourist area. The method used is qualitative interpretative method. Data collection conducted through direct observation in 13 banjar (sub-village), through in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed (1) the forms of cultural conservation are traditional arts such as dance, music orchestra,. Crafts, traditional song, classical barong and calonarang art performance, and local culture pancayadnya (five offerings). (2) the impact of tourism on cultural conservation is positive impacts such as increase of culture creativities, conservation of local culture, and the negative impact such as loss of culture space, decrease traditional subak, reduce fishermen, change of cultural value, and life style. (3) Strategy of Desa Adat in preserving culture by carrying out the festival annually, Kuta Cultural Art Festival (FBK) and Kuta Beach Festival (KBF).
THE MODERATING ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER IN RELATION TO MICROFINANCE’S NON-FINANCIAL SERVICES AND WOMEN’S MICRO-ENTERPRISE SUSTAINABILITY

This comparative study explores the contribution of non-financial services, namely, micro training and social capital towards women micro enterprise sustainability in Pakistan and Malaysia, specifically focusing on women, the vulnerable section of the society. Because of gender discrimination, women micro enterprise sustainability is relatively low, and thus, has lower contribution to economy in Pakistan and Malaysia (20% to 25%). The moderating role of environmental disaster is considered in this cross-sectional research. The responses were gathered from females working micro enterprises through survey questionnaire while data was analyzed through SmartPLS 3. Results revealed that environmental disaster has significant impact on women micro enterprise sustainability in Pakistan and Malaysia. Micro training also is evident to have statistically significant impact on women micro enterprise sustainability in both countries. Interestingly, social capital has significant impact on women enterprise sustainability in Malaysia while non-significant in Pakistan. Lastly, environmental disaster has significant moderating role between micro training and women micro enterprise sustainability in Pakistan and Malaysia. This study is a pioneer to investigate women micro enterprise sustainability in cross-cultural manner while including environmental disaster’s moderating role. Thus, this study assists the governments of Pakistan and Malaysia along with the practitioners to enhance understanding and implement strategies to boost women micro enterprise sustainability.
Changes in Work-Life Balance Over Time: Implications for Job and Family Satisfaction

Work - life balance research has generated substantial interest for researchers and applied business professionals over the past two decades. Work - life balance can no longer be considered a personal choice for individuals; it is also a human resource management tool used to attract, motivate, and retain highly skilled employees. Most research investigating work - life balance has tended to focus on the negative aspects of combining work and non - work domains, rather than focusing on how work and non - work roles can be mutually beneficial. This research shifts the focus from the scarcity perspective (that balancing multiple roles inevitably leads to inter - role conflict as demands for time and energy compete for limited resources) to the enhancemen t perspective, which suggests that engaging in multiple roles can be energising, provide more opportunities to the individual, and increase well - being.
The Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions

IN Booms and Depressions, I have developed, theoretically and statistically, what may be called a debt-deflation theory of great depressions. In the preface, I stated that the results "seem largely new," I spoke thus cautiously because of my unfamiliarity with the vast literature on the subject. Since the book was published its special conclusions have been widely accepted and, so far as I know, no one has yet found them anticipated by previous writers, though several, including myself, have zealously sought to find such anticipations. Two of the best-read authorities in this field assure me that those conclusions are, in the words of one of them, "both new and important. " Partly to specify what some of these special conclusions are which are believed to be new and partly to fit them into the conclusions of other students in this field, I am offering this paper as embodying, in brief, my present "creed" on the whole subject of so-called "cycle theory. " My "creed" consists of 49 "articles" some of which are old and some new. I say "creed" because, for brevity, it is purposely expressed dogmatically and without proof. But it is not a creed in the sense that my faith in it does not rest on evidence and that I am not ready to modify it on presentation of new evidence. On the contrary, it is quite tentative. It may serve as a challenge to others and as raw material to help them work out a better product. Meanwhile the following is a list of my 49 tentative conclusions.
Facial volume restoration of the aging face with poly‐l‐lactic acid

The purpose of this article is to discuss current techniques used with poly‐l‐lactic acid to safely and effectively address changes observed in the aging face. Several important points deserve mention. First, this unique agent is not a filler but a stimulator of the host's own collagen, which then acts to volumize tissue in a gradual, progressive, and predictable manner. The technical differences between the use of biostimulatory agents and replacement fillers are simple and straightforward, but are critically important to the safe and successful use of these products and will be reviewed in detail. Second, in addition to gains in technical insights that have improved our understanding of how to use the product to best advantage, where to use the product to best advantage in facial filling has also improved with ever‐evolving insights into the changes observed in the aging face. Finally, it is important to recognize that a patient's final outcome, and the amount of product and work it will take to get there, is a reflection of the quality of tissues with which they start. This is, of course, an issue of patient selection and not product selection.
Data for: Welfare-Maximising Investors? - Utility Firm Performance with Heterogeneous Quality Preferences and Endogenous Ownership

We model the endogenous ownership of a monopoly utility by either investors or the firm’s customers. Ownership arises endogenously based on customers’ quality preference, which affects each ownership type’s viability. Customer ownership arises when quality preference falls below the threshold for profitable entry by investors, but above that for entry by customer-owners. When quality preferences diverge sufficiently, a profitmaximising investor-owned utility produces higher welfare than a welfare-maximising customer-owned firm, despite its higher prices. Otherwise, a customer-owned utility produces greater efficiency, quality and welfare, despite having lower-value customers. These predictions agree with empirical findings for US utilities, and find direct support using data from Electricity Distribution Businesses in New Zealand. To reflect ownership endogeneity, we instrument for ownership changes using the staggered rollout of regional air quality regulations. Our findings suggest that performance comparisons of customer- and investor-owned utilities should account for ownership endogeneity. This has implications for ownership debates, efficiency study specification, and the development of regulatory screens.
Sex and schooling behaviour in the Trinidadian guppy

We tested the hypothesis that sexual asymmetry in mating costs affects choice of schooling partner in fish. Female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from the Tacarigua River, Trinidad, associated preferentially with other (familiar) females from their natural wild school, while males did not show such a preference. This implies that wild guppy schools are not random assemblages of conspecifics. Females form the core of natural schools while males seem to trade off the potential advantages of schooling with familiar conspecifics against increased mobility in search of mating opportunities. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to cooperative behaviour, gene flow and population differentiation. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour