Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informed consent to participation in preventive HIV vaccine efficacy trials in the light of section 12(2)(c) of the South African Constitution

Clinical trials to develop an effective vaccine against HIV are currently underway in South Africa. The scientific, epidemiologic and socio-economic backgrounds against which these trials are likely to take place are described, as well as the risks and benefits attaching to participation. It is argued that, against this background, informed consent will be difficult to achieve. In the light of this reality, the extent of the constitutional guarantee in section 12(2)(c) is investigated. The content of section 12(2)(c) is analysed, and recent case law that deals with section 12 is examined critically. It is concluded that the constitutional guarantee contained in section 12(2)(c) is an important buttress against communities' exploitation during HIV vaccine trials. Ingeligte toestemming tot deelname aan voorkomende MIV entstof proewe in die lig van artikel 12(2)(c) van die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet Kliniese proewe word tans in Suid-Afrika onderneem om 'n effektiewe entstof teen MIV-infeksie te ontwikkel. Die wetenskaplike, epidemiologiese en sosio-ekonomiese agtergronde van hierdie proewe word omskryf, asook die risiko's en voordele verbonde aan deelname. Daar word aangevoer dat ingeligte toestemming teen hierdie agtergrond moeilik haalbaar sal wees, en in die lig hiervan word die omvang van die grondwetlike waarborg in artikel 12(2)(c) ondersoek. Die inhoud van artikel 12(2)(c) word ontleed, en onlangse regspraak betreffende artikel 12 word krities beskou. Daar word bevind dat die grondwetlike waarborg in artikel 12(2)(c) 'n belangrike skans teen die uitbuiting van gemeenskappe tydens MIV-entstof proewe is.
Strong convergence of solutions to nonautonomous Kolmogorov equations

We study a class of nonautonomous, linear, parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients on $\mathbb R^{d}$ which admit an evolution system of measures. It is shown that the solutions of these equations converge to constant functions as $t\to+\infty$. We further establish the uniqueness of the tight evolution system of measures and treat the case of converging coefficients.
What Drives the Operating Performance of Privatised Firms?

Using a panel data analysis of Spanish privatised firms, we study how different factors influence the operating performance of divested companies. The results show that it is not privatisation per se but other factors that matter. After controlling for possible sample selection bias related to government timing of divestments, we find that the greater the relinquishment of State control and the smaller the percentage of ownership held by managers and/or employees, the better the firms’ post‐privatisation performance. Moreover, privatisations that are accompanied by liberalisation programmes and occur during buoyant economic cycles turn out to be more successful.
Rainfall and Radiative Heating Rates from TOGA COARE Atmospheric Budgets

Abstract Atmospheric heat and moisture budgets are used to determine rainfall and radiative heating rates over the western Pacific warm pool during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Results are compared to independent estimates of these quantities from the other sources. Using the COARE bulk flux algorithm to estimate surface evaporation over the intensive flux array (IFA), the IFA moisture budget-derived average rainfall for the 120-day intensive observing period (IOP) is 8.2 mm day−1. This value agrees closely with recent estimates from satellites and the ocean salinity budget. For a smaller area within the IFA containing the rain-mapping domain of the TOGA and Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5-cm radars, the atmospheric budget for the 101-day radar deployment yields 6.8 mm day−1, slightly greater than the independent radar rain rate estimate of 5.4 mm day−1. Comparison of budget-derived rainfall with National Centers for Environmental .
Haematological Traits and Serum Chemistry of Broiler Chicken Fed Bread Waste Based Diets

This study was carried out to determine the effects of partial replacement of maize with 50% bread waste meal (BWM) on the haematological traits and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty days old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were used in an eight week feeding trial; thirty (30) chicks were selected per treatment group and each group was allocated to four treatment diets (1, 2, 3 and 4) with three replicates per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Diet 1, the control diet contain maize and soya bean meal (SBM) as basal diet; while 50% of maize in diet 1 was replaced with BWM in diets 2, 3 and 4 using SBM, groundnut cake meal (GNC), and 50% SBM + 50% GNC respectively as a protein source. The results showed that the haematological traits were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the test diets, though the values obtained are within the normal range for broiler chickens. Packed cell volume (PCV) ranged from 39.60% in Diet 1 to 35.10% in Diet 4; White blood cells (WBC) from 271.10 to 251.10 (x 103/ µl), red blood cells (RBC) from 31.60 to 26.30 (x106/ µl), haemoglobin (Hb) from 13.17 to11.30 (g/dl), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) from 125.50 to 129.60 (fl) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) from 41.70 to 43.40 (þg) and MCHC from 33.60 to 32.80 (g/dl). The results of the serum biological indices showed that total protein and its fractions, and serum glucose were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the test, however these values are within the normal range for broiler chickens. From the above, therefore, it can be concluded that BWM at 50% inclusion can be included in the diets of broiler chickens as replacement for maize without any adverse effect on the blood profile of broiler chicken.
A SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY ILLUMINATING ITS CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM: Lyα SCATTERING IN A COLD, CLUMPY OUTFLOW

We report the detection at 850 μm of the central source in SSA22-LAB1, the archetypal “Lyman-α Blob” (LAB), a 100 kpc scale radio-quiet emission-line nebula at z = 3.1. The flux density of the source, S850 = 4.6 ± 1.1 mJy, implies the presence of a galaxy or group of galaxies with a total luminosity of LIR ≈ 1012 L☉. The position of an active source at the center of a ∼50 kpc radius ring of linearly polarized Lyα emission detected by Hayes et al. suggests that the central source is leaking Lyα photons preferentially in the plane of the sky, which undergo scattering in H i clouds at a large galactocentric radius. The Lyα morphology around the submillimeter detection is reminiscent of a biconical outflow, and the average Lyα line profiles of the two “lobes” are dominated by a red peak, which is expected for a resonant line emerging from a medium with a bulk velocity gradient that is outflowing relative to the line center. Taken together, these observations provide compelling evidence that the central active galaxy (or galaxies) is responsible for a large fraction of the extended Lyα emission and morphology. Less clear is the history of the cold gas in the circumgalactic medium being traced by Lyα: is it mainly pristine material accreting into the halo that has not yet been processed through an interstellar medium (ISM), now being blown back as it encounters an outflow, or does it mainly comprise gas that has been swept-up within the ISM and expelled from the galaxy?
ON THE FINITE-TIME BLOWUP OF A 1D MODEL FOR THE 3D AXISYMMETRIC EULER EQUATIONS

In connection with the recent proposal for possible singularity formation at the boundary for solutions of 3d axi-symmetric incompressible Euler's equations (Luo and Hou, 2013), we study models for the dynamics at the boundary and show that they exhibit a finite-time blow-up from smooth data.
ESTADO DE CRISE: DIMENSÕES POLÍTICA E SOCIAL DA CRISE ATUAL NO BRASIL E NO EXTERIOR. BEM COMUM, ESFERA PÚBLICA E ÉTICA COMO SENTIDO E NEXOS DA UNIVERSALIDADE

O artigo discute o estado de crise constituido pela crise do estado, modernidade em crise e democracia em crise. Analisa, ainda, a construcao do Estado de Bem-Estar Social como possibilidade da constituicao de um estado social que tenha os valores do universalismo, da esfera publica e da etica, baseado numa reflexao mais abrangente da nocao de bem comum, do fortalecimento da esfera publica e da introducao de valores eticos na constituicao e operacao dos sistemas de prestacao de servicos publicos. Por fim, discute a conformacao recente da inclusao social na Asia e America Latina distinguindo-a da incorporacao das massas ao mercado.
Cerebral Bigeminy: Alternating Periodic Epileptiform Discharges T

The EEG of a patient in coma after an anoxic event showed brief episodes in which two distinct epileptiform discharges of different amplitudes alternated with each other at regular intervals of approximately 1 sec. We have used the term "cerebral bigeminy' to describe this pattern because its electrographic appearance is similar to cardiac bigeminy. The pattern was present for only part of the entire tracing and was not seen on earlier or later EEGs. This finding suggests that under appropriate circumstances periodic EEG events can occur as a result of reciprocal excitation of spike generators.
Supernova Limits on the Cosmic Equation of State

We use Type Ia supernovae studied by the High-z Supernova Search Team to constrain the properties of an energy component that may have contributed to accelerating the cosmic expansion. We find that for a flat geometry the equation-of-state parameter for the unknown component, αx = Px/ρx, must be less than -0.55 (95% confidence) for any value of Ωm, and it is further limited to αx < -0.60 (95% confidence) if Ωm is assumed to be greater than 0.1. These values are inconsistent with the unknown component being topological defects such as domain walls, strings, or textures. The supernova (SN) data are consistent with a cosmological constant (αx = -1) or a scalar field that has had, on average, an equation-of-state parameter similar to the cosmological constant value of -1 over the redshift range of z ≈ 1 to the present. SN and cosmic microwave background observations give complementary constraints on the densities of matter and the unknown component. If only matter and vacuum energy are considered, then the current combined data sets provide direct evidence for a spatially flat universe with Ωtot = Ωm + ΩΛ = 0.94 ± 0.26 (1 σ).
K.koowrocki Reliability Modelling of Complex Systems-part 1 -rta # 3-4, 2007, December -special Issue

Many technical systems belong to the class of complex systems as a result of the large number of components they are built of and their complicated operating processes. As a rule these are series systems composed of large number of components. Sometimes the series systems have either components or subsystems reserved and then they become parallel-series or seriesparallel reliability structures. We meet large series systems, for instance, in piping transportation of water, gas, oil and various chemical substances. Large systems of these kinds are also used in electrical energy distribution. A city bus transportation system composed of a number of communication lines each serviced by one bus may be a model series system, if we treat it as not failed, when all its lines are able to transport passengers. If the communication lines have at their disposal several buses we may consider it as either a parallel-series system or an “m out of n” system. The simplest example of a parallel system or an “m out of n” system may be an electrical cable composed of a number of wires, which are its basic components, whereas the transmitting electrical network may be either a parallel-series system or an “m out of n”-series system. Large systems of these types are also used in telecommunication, in rope transportation and in transport using belt conveyers and elevators. Rope transportation systems like port elevators and ship-rope elevators used in shipyards during ship docking are model examples of seriesparallel and parallel-series systems. In the case of large systems, the determination of the exact reliability functions of the systems leads us to complicated formulae that are often useless for reliability practitioners. One of the important techniques in this situation is the asymptotic approach to system reliability evaluation. In this approach, instead of the preliminary complex formula for the system reliability function, after assuming that the number of system components tends to infinity and finding the limit reliability of the system, we obtain its simplified form. The mathematical methods used in the asymptotic approach to the system reliability analysis of large systems are based on limit theorems on order statistics distributions, considered in very wide literature, for instance in [4]-[5], [7], [12]. These theorems have generated the investigation concerned with limit reliability functions of the systems composed of twostate components. The main and fundamental results on this subject that determine the three-element classes Ko owrocki Krzysztof Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
SHEAR VISCOSITY OF STRONGLY-COUPLED TWO-DIMENSIONAL YUKAWA LIQUIDS: EXPERIMENT AND MODELING

This paper reviews experimental and modeling efforts aimed at the determination of the shear viscosity of strongly-coupled Yukawa liquids. After briefly reviewing prior work on three-dimensional (3D) systems, recent experimental and computer simulation studies of two-dimensional (2D) settings are presented in detail. In the experiments two counterpropagating laser beams were used to perturb a dusty plasma monolayer and monitoring of the velocity field reconstructed from particle trajectories allowed the determination of the shear viscosity with the aid of an analytical model. Subsequent computer simulations based on the molecular dynamics approach resulted in velocity profiles which are in very good agreement with the experimental ones. Further simulation studies of idealized 2D Yukawa liquids (in which gas friction is neglected) gave results for the shear viscosity over a wide range of system parameters and demonstrated the existence of the shear thinning effect (non-Newtonian behavior) of the liquid at high shear rates.
On the microlocal analysis of the geodesic X-ray transform with conjugate points

We study the microlocal properties of the geodesic X-ray transform $\mathcal{X}$ on a manifold with boundary allowing the presence of conjugate points. Assuming that there are no self-intersecting geodesics and all conjugate pairs are nonsingular we show that the normal operator $\mathcal{N} = \mathcal{X}^t \circ \mathcal{X}$ can be decomposed as the sum of a pseudodifferential operator of order $-1$ and a sum of Fourier integral operators. We also apply this decomposition to prove inversion of $\mathcal{X}$ is only mildly ill-posed in dimension three or higher.
STOCHASTIC HOPFIELD NETWORKS WITH MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE AND JUMP MARKOV PARAMETERS

A non symmetric version of Hopfield networks subject to state-multiplicative noise, pure time delay and Markov jumps is considered. Such networks seem to arise in the context of visuo-motor control loops and may, therefore, be used to mimic their complex behaviour. In this paper, we adopt the Lur’e-Postnikov systems approach to analyze the stochastic stability and the L2 gain of generalized Hopfield networks including these effects.
Analyse implicative d'un ensemble de variables numériques; application au traitement d'un questionnaire à réponses modales ordonnées

Cet article presente une extension de l'analyse implicative. La «propension» est definie comme association non-symetrique de deux variables a valeurs dans [0; 1]. L'«intensite de propension» est introduite afin de decider si une association observee est ou non significative. Dans le cas de variables binaires, l'intensite de propension est egale a l'intensite d'implication. Dans les autres cas, l'intensite de propension est plus fiable que l'intensite d'implication. Les «filiations» sont introduites comme organisations des propensions dans un ensemble de variables. Une application de l'extension proposee au traitement des reponses modales ordonnees a un questionnaire d'opinion est presentee et discutee. Certains resultats du traitement des reponses a un questionnaire passe dans le cadre d'une recherche en didactique sont presentes en conclusion.
A Single Process for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Bonding in Flexible Electronics : Ethanol-Assisted Vacuum Ultraviolet (E-VUV) Irradiation Process

Joining of dissimilar materials is extremely important for flexible electronic packaging, that is generally achieved by assembly of pre-patterned electronic components with organic destination substrates in multi-layered architectures via transfer-printing technique. To avoid thermo-mechanical damages during bonding, organic- and inorganic-organic solid-state direct bonding must be achieved. Here we report a novel bonding process enabling both organic- and inorganic-organic material hybridization. Vacuum-induced reorganization of ethanol was used to achieve multiple effects of surface modification in this method, which has been named ethanol-assisted vacuum ultraviolet irradiation (E-VUV) process. In this study, investigation of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was conducted to thoroughly understand adhesion mechanism. The analytical results proved that the E-VUV process was applicable to PEEK-and tin-polyimide bonding, and the bonded interfaces are expected to be robust enough for flexible MEMS packaging.
Perfect-set Forcing for Uncountable Cardinals

Perfect-set forcing has been around for a long time. Sacks [10] himself had made substantial use of it to get important minimality results both in set theory and in recursion theory, and the fusion idea that he popularized has become an integral part of several notions of forcing. After Laver [8] developed the idea of adding reals iteratively with countable support, Baumgartner and Laver [2] applied it to the case of perfect-set forcing to produce interesting consistency results about Ramsey ultrafilters over to and the tree property for co 2. Since then, work of Shelah, Baumgartner, and others has considerably systematized countable support iterated forcing. As a first step in generalization, I develop in this paper a notion of perfect-set forcing for regular uncountable cardinals K and its iteration with K size supports. An application of an effective version of this forcing has already been made in recent work by Sacks and Slaman [11] in the study of abstract E-recursion and sideways extensions of E-closed structures. in Section I the notion of forcing and its iteration are formulated, and their basic properties established. In particular, the appropriate fusion lemmas are stated and proved. Section 2 is dominated by the long proof of a key technical theorem, one of whose many consequences is that ~ + is preserved as a cardinal by the iterated forcing. The use of a ~ sequence in the ground model is an essential feature of this fusion argument. There is much less control over the forcing machinery in the uncountable case as compared to the to case considered in [2], but <>K gives us just enough structural information about subsets of K to allow more economical procedures to work. In fact, it will be clear that this paper owes an obvious debt to [2]. with the new modulations arising primarily from limit stage constructions and the use of O~. in Section 3 it is shown that if 2 ~ = ~*, then ~<K ~+ iterations of the forcing still preserves •*' , hut that, in general, K ~ iterations adds a <~. sequence (in fact, a K*-Suslin tree) and hence collapses K H if 2~>K + had been satisfied in the ground model. In Section 4, the result on Aronszajn trees in [2] is lifted: Using <~. a closure property for the iterated forcing is established, and this implies, as Silver first showed in Mitchell's model (see [9]), that if the forcing is iterated h times, where A is a weakly compact cardinal >K, then there are no K++-Aronszajn trees in the resulting extension.
Joint Optimization of Area Throughput and Grid-Connected Microgeneration in UAV-Based Mobile Networks

Small cells (SCs) mounted on top of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising solution to boost the capacity in hotspot areas. However, the adoption of UAV-SCs involves the planning of their missions over time, which includes the scheduling of recharging actions of each UAV-SC at ground sites. Typically, the energy needed to recharge UAV-SCs is derived from the grid, which can be coupled with microgeneration exploiting renewable energy sources (e.g., solar panels). In this architecture, the energy that is locally produced can be either sold to the grid or used to recharge the UAV-SCs. On the other hand, when the energy from microgeneration is insufficient for recharging the UAV-SCs, additional energy can be bought from the grid. In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between maximizing the throughput provided by the UAV-SCs over a set of areas, maximizing energy sold to the grid, and maximizing energy bought from the grid. The proposed model, MaxUAVProfit, is designed to (i) plan the UAV-SCs missions as a sequence of positions and actions in 3D space vs. time, (ii) manage the grid-connected microgeneration, and (iii) control the amount of throughput received by each hotspot. We then evaluate the MaxUAVProfit in a realistic scenario, which is based on the measurement of real cellular metrics and a realistic UAV-SC energy consumption model. Our findings demonstrate the superiority of the MaxUAVProfit with respect to other competing solutions, which include either optimization of microgeneration or maximization of the area throughput.
Observed Synoptic-Scale Variability during the Developing Phase of an ISO over the Indian Ocean during MISMO

A case study of an intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) is investigated in the period leading up to its convectively active phase during the Mirai Indian Ocean Cruise for the Study of the MJO-Convection Onset (MISMO), which was conducted during boreal autumn 2006. Detailed observations, including apparent heat and moistureanalyses,revealthatsynoptic-scalevariabilityofheatandmoisturesourcesandsinksassociatedwith the passage of three eastward-propagating cloud systems (EPCSs) was prominent during this period. These systems with periods of ;6 days propagated through the MISMO domain, priming the atmosphere for a convectively active phase of the ISO. The prominent shallow heating during this period may explain the ratherslow(8 m s 21 )propagationspeedforEPCSs.Thezonalstructureandsignofthefrictionalconvergence show that these EPCSs have common characteristics to the frictional Kelvin mode studied by Ohuchi and Yamasaki. With the analyses of the period-averaged vertical profiles, the EPCSs were identified as the principal mechanism to moisten the atmosphere prior to the ISO convectively active phase.