Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some properties of traditional Turkish dessert ‘ İncir Uyutması’ produced by yoghurt culture

The effect of yoghurt cultures on chemical, sensorial and microbiological properties of a regional dessert “incir uyutmaso” was studied in this research. Dry matter, pH, viscosity, water holding capacity (WHC), color properties (L*, a*, b* values), mineral matters (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and Zn), sensorial properties and microbial quality of dessert were affected by yoghurt cultures and other additives. Yoghurt cultures improved sensory characteristics and caused a decrease in the number of yeast and mold in desserts but also reduced WHC and pH. Salep and fig fruit concentration caused an important increase in the viscosity and the WHC of desserts. Consequently, yoghurt cultures improved functional properties and the storage stability of the dessert.
Vector-valued modular functions for the modular group and the hypergeometric equation

A general theory of vector-valued modular functions, holomorphic in the upper half-plane, is presented for finite dimensional representations of the modular group. This also provides a description of vector-valued modular forms of arbitrary half-integer weight. It is shown that the space of these modular functions is spanned, as a module over the polynomials in J, by the columns of a matrix that satisfies an abstract hypergeometric equation, providing a simple solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem for representations of the modular group. Restrictions on the coefficients of this differential equation implied by analyticity are discussed, and an inversion formula is presented that allows the determination of an arbitrary vector-valued modular function from its singular behavior. Questions of rationality and positivity of expansion coefficients are addressed. Closed expressions for the number of vector-valued modular forms of half-integer weight are given, and the general theory is illustrated on simple examples.
The Importance of Fe I as a Continuous Opacity Source in the Solar Atmosphere

The inability of theoretical model fluxes to fit the observed solar flux in the UV, the "missing UV opacity problem," results in erroneous abundances derived from UV lines. For example, S. Balachandran and R. A. Bell recently argued that the solar beryllium abundance, derived from Be II lines at 3130 Å, was not depleted but rather equal to the meteoritic value with critical implications on mixing and angular momentum transport models. In this Letter we have incorporated recent Iron Project calculations of the Fe I bound-free opacity into our calculations of the continuous opacity. By combining this with observed line blocking, we compare the predicted fluxes to the observed solar flux in the 2000-4000 Å region. We find that a reasonable fit to the observed flux between 3000 and 4000 Å is obtained with twice the Fe I bound-free value recently derived by M. A. Bautista. The importance of this and other metal bound-free opacities is discussed.
Rape-Victim Empathy Scale (REMV): An Exploratory Study in a Portuguese Sample

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Rape-Victim Empathy Scale (REMV) in a sample of 250 Portuguese participants. This instrument was originally developed by Smith and Frieze (2003) to assess how individuals feel about the victim during and after rape. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted on a 13-item scale, confirming the two-factor solution obtained in the original scale. Both subscales (during and post rape) were positively related and no correlations were found between rape victim and perpetrator empathy. No significant gender differences were shown regarding empathy towards the victim, but men were more empathetic towards the perpetrator than women. The implications of the results are discussed.
Aerosol characteristics in the entrainment interface layer in relation to the marine boundary layer and free troposphere

Abstract. This study uses airborne data from two field campaigns off the California coast to characterize aerosol size distribution characteristics in the entrainment interface layer (EIL), a thin and turbulent layer above marine stratocumulus cloud tops, which separates the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL) from the free troposphere (FT). The vertical bounds of the EIL are defined in this work based on considerations of buoyancy and turbulence using thermodynamic and dynamic data. Aerosol number concentrations are examined from three different probes with varying particle diameter ( Dp) ranges: > 3 nm, > 10 nm, and 0.11–3.4 µ m. Relative to the EIL and FT layers, the sub-cloud (SUB) layer exhibited lower aerosol number concentrations and higher surface area concentrations. High particle number concentrations between 3 and 10 nm in the EIL are indicative of enhanced nucleation, assisted by high actinic fluxes, cool and moist air, and much lower surface area concentrations than the STBL. Slopes of number concentration versus altitude in the EIL were correlated with the particle number concentration difference between the SUB and lower FT layers. The EIL aerosol size distribution was influenced by varying degrees from STBL aerosol versus subsiding FT aerosol depending on the case examined. These results emphasize the important role of the EIL in influencing nucleation and aerosol–cloud–climate interactions.
Joined application of a multiaxial critical plane criterion and a strain energy density criterion in low-cycle fatigue

In the present paper, the multiaxial fatigue life assessment of notched structural components is performed by employing a strain-based multiaxial fatigue criterion. Such a criterion, depending on the critical plane concept, is extended by implementing the control volume concept reated to the Strain Energy Density (SED) approach: a material point located at a certain distance from the notch tip is assumed to be the verification point where to perform the above assessment. Such a distance, measured along the notch bisector, is a function of both the biaxiality ratio (defined as the ratio between the applied shear stress amplitude and the normal stress amplitude) and the control volume radii under Mode I and Mode III. Once the position of the verification point is determined, the fatigue lifetime is assessed through an equivalent strain amplitude, acting on the critical plane, together with a unique material reference curve (i.e. the Manson-Coffin curve). Some uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue data related to V-notched round bars made of titanium grade 5 alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) are examined to validate the present criterion.
Chicago Unbound Chicago Unbound

Many millions of people hold conspiracy theories; they believe that powerful people have worked together in order to withhold the truth about some important practice or some terrible event. A recent example is the belief, widespread in some parts of the world, that the attacks of 9/11 were carried out not by Al Qaeda, but by Israel or the United States. Those who subscribe to conspiracy theories may create serious risks, including risks of violence, and the existence of such theories raises significant challenges for policy and law. The first challenge is to understand the mechanisms by which conspiracy theories prosper; the second challenge is to understand how such theories might be undermined. Such theories typically spread as a result of identifiable cognitive blunders, operating in conjunction with informational and reputational influences. A distinctive feature of conspiracy theories is their self-sealing quality. Conspiracy theorists are not likely to be persuaded by an attempt to dispel their theories; they may even characterize that very attempt as further proof of the conspiracy. Because those who hold conspiracy theories typically suffer from a “crippled epistemology,” in accordance with which it is rational to hold such theories, the best response consists in cognitive infiltration of extremist groups. Various policy dilemmas, such as the question whether it is better for government to rebut conspiracy theories or to ignore them, are explored in this light.
On galaxy spiral arms' nature as revealed by rotation frequencies

High-resolution N-body simulations using different codes and initial condition techniques reveal two different behaviours for the rotation frequency of transient spiral arms like structures. Whereas unbarred discs present spiral arms nearly corotating with disc particles, strong barred models (bulged or bulgeless) quickly develop a bar-spiral structure dominant in density, with a pattern speed almost constant in radius. As the bar strength decreases the arm departs from bar rigid rotation and behaves similar to the unbarred case. In strong barred models, we detect in the frequency space other subdominant and slower modes at large radii, in agreement with previous studies, however, we also detect them in the configuration space. We propose that the distinctive behaviour of the dominant spiral modes can be exploited in order to constraint the nature of Galactic spiral arms by the astrometric survey Gaia and by 2D spectroscopic surveys like Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA) and Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MANGA) in external galaxies.
Escaping the World of I Know it When I See It: A New Test for Software Patent ability

“[N]o person, not even the most learned judge much less a layman, is capable of knowing in advance of an ultimate decision in his particular case by this Court whether certain material comes within the area . ” The last words of this famous quotation are not “of software patents”; they are “of obscenity. ” Justice Brennan adopted these words from Justice Black’s vigorous condemnation of the regulation of obscenity. In doing so, Justice Brennan turned away from the “without socially redeeming value” standard of obscenity that he had created in earlier opinions. 2
On the annihilators of the simple subquotients of the principal series

— Let 9 be a complex semisimple Lie algebra and denote by U (9) its enveloping algebra. The main result of this paper (Th. 5.2) gives a formula for the annihilators of the simple subquotients of the (spherical) principal series in terms of the annihilators of simple quotients of Verma modules. The proof involves a description of the principal series in terms (Th. 5.1) of products of the almost minimal primitive ideals of U (9). It was motivated by an attempt to find a method for distinguishing primitive ideals of U (9). In particular for 9 of type A, (Cartan notation) it is shown (Cor. 6.6) that a conjecture of Jantzen ([I], 5.9) is equivalent to the simple subquotients of the principal series having distinct annihilators. INDEX OF NOTATION. — Symbols frequently used in the text are given below in order of appearance. 1 . 1 . 3, n^ 1), n-, R, R^ B, p, W, £, s,, X. , H,, a', P(R), Q(R). 1.2. J(A), Spec A, Prim A, a", U(a), Z(a), S(V), V*. ___ 1.3. n, MaxZ(g), R^ , R,-, B,, W,, ̂ , D,, w,, i, b, e^ E ,̂ M(K), I-,, Z^, M(T), L(A,), I,,, X^, (p%, (p. 1.4. 'y, u. 1.5. V, j , i, F^ L (K, u), L° (X, u), V (A, u). 2.1. S,(u0, 4(u0, T,(u0, ^. 2.2. S,, £. 3.3. L(M(u),M(X)). 3.4. P, P,, ^(1), < , >, <|/T, v|/. 3.6. I,, 9». 3.9. LAnnV(-ioX, -^), RAnnV(-w^, -X). 4.0. I. , I. *, IB. 4.1. T. 4.9. J.,, 5.0. IB. 5.1. J». _ 5.4. I" 3 " . 6 . 1 . St(i;)"Yg(i;), T', T(, w(T). 6.2. V, u. 6.4. <&. () Work supported by the C.N. R.S. ANNALES SCIENTIPIQUES DE L'^COLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE 55
Comparability of web and telephone survey modes for the measurement of subjective well-being

We compare subjective well-being measures collected with a web and telephone surveys to test whether survey mode affects people's evaluations of their well-being. We use unique, nationally representative data from Luxembourg which contains five measures of subjective well-being collected through web and telephone surveys. Oaxaca decomposition and multinomial logit with Coarsened Exact Matching indicate that the survey mode affects peoples' well-being scores. Web respondents are more likely to report low well-being and less likely to report the neutral category. However, the consequences for statistical inference are negligible. Our results support the view that web and telephone surveys are comparable tools for collecting subjective data, such as people's well-being.
DISCOVERY OF THE BROAD-LINED TYPE Ic SN 2013cq ASSOCIATED WITH THE VERY ENERGETIC GRB 130427A

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at z < 1 are found in most cases to be accompanied by bright, broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL). The highest-energy GRBs are mostly located at higher redshifts, where the associated SNe are hard to detect observationally. Here, we present early and late observations of the optical counterpart of the very energetic GRB 130427A. Despite its moderate redshift, z = 0.3399 ± 0.0002, GRB 130427A is at the high end of the GRB energy distribution, with an isotropic-equivalent energy release of Eiso ∼ 9.6 × 1053 erg, more than an order of magnitude more energetic than other GRBs with spectroscopically confirmed SNe. In our dense photometric monitoring, we detect excess flux in the host-subtracted r-band light curve, consistent with that expected from an emerging SN, ∼0.2 mag fainter than the prototypical SN 1998bw. A spectrum obtained around the time of the SN peak (16.7 days after the GRB) reveals broad undulations typical of SNe Ic-BL, confirming the presence of an SN, designated SN 2013cq. The spectral shape and early peak time are similar to those of the high expansion velocity SN 2010bh associated with GRB 100316D. Our findings demonstrate that high-energy, long-duration GRBs, commonly detected at high redshift, can also be associated with SNe Ic-BL, pointing to a common progenitor mechanism.
SHOPPERS' LOYALTY IN PASAR DUKUH MENANGGAL SURABAYA

This study improved the antecedents of loyalty such as price sensitivity, shopping values (utilitarian values and hedonic values) and satisfaction in Pasar Dukuh Menanggal Surabaya. It consists of 145 responents and the result tested by SEM. The result showed that price sensitivity has insignificant toward hedonic value. Shopping values are positively influencing satisfaction but utilitarian value plays a big role on this path. Moreover, the management should improve the necessity of customers to achieve shopping values, satisfaction and loyalty.
A study of CR doping on the structural and electronic properties of zno: a first principles study

The central theme of nanotechnology to miniaturize devices has stimulated interest in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS). DMS that simultaneously exhibit magnetic and semiconducting behavior are capable of parting properties of two different function devices into one. In this research we present our first principles investigations related to the structural and electronic properties of, Cr doped zinc-blende (ZB) ZnO, DMS. These calculations are carried out using full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-L(APW+lo)) with generalized gradient approximations approach as implemented in WIEN2k code. In this study, the effect of Cr doping on lattice parameters, spin polarized electronic band structure, density of states (DOS) of ZnO is presented and analyzed in detail.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF STEVIA LEAF (STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTON), METHI SEEDS (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM) AND GLIMEPIRIDE IN STREPTPZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETEIC RATS

Medicinal plants are becoming very popular for the treatment of different diseases all over the world. The present study was conducted during January 2009 to June 2009 and investigated the effects of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves, methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds in terms of their hypoglycemic activity compared to Glimepiride (Amaryl ® , Aventies Pharmaceuticals). Diabetes was induced experimentally in the rats with Streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg, i.p.). Stevia, methi, combination of stevia-methi extracts and Amaryl ® tablet were orally administered daily at the rate of 100mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 800μg/kg respectively after 15 days of STZ injection for a period of 60 days. Changes in the blood glucose levels and body weights were measured and the results were compared statistically. The combined stevia-methi extract showed potent hypoglycemic effect than stevia and methi alone. STZ-induced body weight loss was improved in all groups except stevia treatment group. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1. 8351 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 57-61
Xenon Misuse in Sports – Increase of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Erythropoietin, or Nothing but „Hot Air“?

Experimental evidence suggests that xenon (Xe) is not completely inert but can affect the functional properties of proteins, particularly that of ion channels and of enzymes. According to recent reports xenon can activate the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). A number of preclinical investigations (cell culture experiments, animal studies) has been performed concerning this, but the results have been volatile and the mechanism of HIF activation differed from that of hypoxia. Exposure to xenon (generally at 70 vol %) increased HIF-1 mRNA and HIF-1 protein levels in some studies, while in others, the HIF-2 mRNA and HIF-2 protein levels were increased instead. There is one single study in mice where increased renal levels of the HIF target proteins erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected on Western blots at 24 h after xenon exposure of the animals. Effects of xenon treatment on the blood level of EPO have never been reported. No human data are available with respect to the HIF system and the production of EPO. Still, for reasons of precaution xenon has been included as HIF activator in WADA ́s Prohibited List 2014. However, compared to the numerous chemical substances that increase HIF-dependent EPO synthesis in humans, the author considers the potential misuse of xenon in sports a minor issue.
Towards automation of palynology 1: analysis of pollen shape and ornamentation using simple geometric measures, derived from scanning electron microscope images

This is the first of a series of papers on the theme of automated pollen analysis. The automation of pollen analysis could result in numerous advantages for the reconstruction of past environments, with larger data sets made practical, objectivity and fine resolution sampling. There are also applications in apiculture and medicine. Previous work on the classification of pollen using texture measures has been successful with small numbers of pollen taxa. However, as the number of pollen taxa to be identified increases, more features may be required to achieve a successful classification. This paper describes the use of simple geometric measures to augment the texture measures. The feasibility of this new approach is tested using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of 12 taxa of fresh pollen taken from reference material collected on Henderson Island, Polynesia. Pollen images were captured directly from a SEM connected to a PC. A threshold grey‐level was set and binary images were then generated. Pollen edges were then located and the boundaries were traced using a chain coding system. A number of simple geometric variables were calculated directly from the chain code of the pollen and a variable selection procedure was used to choose the optimal subset to be used for classification. The efficiency of these variables was tested using a leave‐one‐out classification procedure. The system successfully split the original 12 taxa sample into five sub‐samples containing no more than six pollen taxa each. The further subdivision of echinate pollen types was then attempted with a subset of four pollen taxa. A set of difference codes was constructed for a range of displacements along the chain code. From these difference codes probability variables were calculated. A variable selection procedure was again used to choose the optimal subset of probabilities that may be used for classification. The efficiency of these variables was again tested using a leave‐one‐out classification procedure. The proportion of correctly classified pollen ranged from 81% to 100% depending on the subset of variables used. The best set of variables had an overall classification rate averaging at about 95%. This is comparable with the classification rates from the earlier texture analysis work for other types of pollen. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image reconstruction for observations with a high dynamic range: LINC-NIRVANA simulations of a stellar jet

We report the results of a simulation and reconstruction of observations of a young stellar object (YSO) jet with the LINC-NIRVANA (LN) interferometric instrument, which will be mounted on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). This simulation has been performed in order to investigate the ability of observing the weak diffuse jet line emission against the strong IR stellar continuum through narrow band images in the H and K atmospheric windows. In general, this simulation provides clues on the image quality that could be achieved in observations with a high dynamic range. In these cases, standard deconvolution methods, such as Richardson-Lucy, do not provide satisfactory results: we therefore propose here a new method of image reconstruction. It consists in considering the image to be reconstructed as the sum of two terms: one corresponding to the star (whose position is assumed to be known) and the other to the jet. A regularization term is introduced for this second component and the reconstruction is obtained with an iterative method alternating between the two components. An analysis of the results shows that the image quality obtainable with this method is significantly improved with respect to standard deconvolution methods, reducing the number of artifacts and allowing us to reconstruct the original jet intensity distribution with an error smaller than 10%.
The Determinants of Pollution Levels: Firm-Level Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing

Using a large, unique, firm-level dataset from the Chinese manufacturing sector, we study important factors that are related to emission intensity for three pollutants in China – sulfur dioxide, wastewater, and soot. Our main findings are as follows: (1) compared to state-owned enterprises (SOEs), both foreign-owned firms and domestic public-listed firms exhibit less intensive pollutant emissions; (2) firms in regions with less local protection have lower pollution intensity; (3) better property rights protection is negatively correlated with pollutant discharge over and beyond the national standards; and (4) larger firms, firms in industries that export more, and firms with more educated employees pollute less. These results suggest that China should not target foreign firms more harshly in its effort to reduce industrial pollution. Better institutions in the form of more effective law enforcement and lower entry barriers across regional markets are also means of curbing China’s pressing environmental problems during its current stage of economic development.
New acylated flavonol glycoside from Ceratonia siliqua L. seeds

New flavonol glycoside, 4`-p-hydroxybenzoylisorhamnetin-3-O-�-L-rhamnopyranoside named ceratoside (5), together with the known kaempferol-3-O-�-L-rhamnopyranoside (afzelin) (3), quercetin-3-O-α-Larabinofuranoside (auriculain) (4) quercetin-3-O-�-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), �-sitosterol (1) and �sitosterol-3-O-β β β β-D-glucoside (2) were isolated for the first time from Ceratonia siliqua L. seeds. The identity of these compounds was established through UV, IR, MS and NMR spectral data. The antioxidant activity of the organic solvent fractions together with some isolated compounds were carried out and showed significant results.