Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of Frozen Fish Sold in Some Selected Selling Points within Katsina Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria

A total of thirty six (36) samples of frozen fish species were procured within the six weeks study period from two reputable selling points (Karamchi and Kofar Kaura) in the Katsina metropolis. The samples were subjected to series of analysis to determine the quality of the products with a view to establishing the safety of what consumers buy on daily basis. Samples procured were analyzed for proximate composition, Total Volatile Basis Nitrogen (TVB-N) and Microbiological analysis on weekly basis for six weeks. The results of the proximate composition revealed that moisture, crude protein, lipid and NFE varied significantly (P 0.05), it ranged from 1.25±0.35 to 1.75±0.35. The Total Volatile Basis (TVB-N) ranged from 3.08mg/100g to 18.20mg/100g. Total bacterial count (TVC) ranged between 3x10 5 and 5.4x10 6 cfu/g. the study revealed that the sanitary and hygienic condition in which the frozen fishes were kept have a direct bearing on the quality of fish being sold at the selling points. Samples from Karamchi selling point were more prone to spoilage due to the inadequate storage facilities. Based on this, it is suggested that adequate cooling facilities be put in place to allow for proper preservation of the freshness of frozen fish. Keywords: Frozen fish, Selling points, TVB-N, Microbiological analysis and cooling facilities
Mean circulation and water exchange in the Gulf of Finland: a study based on three-dimensional modelling

A three-dimensional baroclinic prognostic model has been applied to study the mean circulation and its persistency as well as the water exchange in the Gulf of Finland. A five-year simulation for 1987-1992 was carried out using a nested grid approach, where a high-resolution sub-model of the Gulf of Finland was forced at the open boundary by a larger-scale Baltic Sea model. Realistic meteorological forcing for the period under study was used. The overall results of the investigation showed that the mean circulation pattern was complex with numerous meso-scale eddies, although a cyclonic mean circulation generally is discernible. The mean surface circulation of the Gulf was found to take place in the form of a strong outflow adjacent to the Finnish coast compensated for by an inflow at the Estonian coast, a circulation which is highly dependent on depth. The outflow on the northern side of the Gulf proved to be a distinct feature with a persistency ranging between 50% and 80%. The water exchange between the Gulf and the Baltic Proper appears to be stronger than previously estimated. It was found that ordinary budget estimates of water exchange (based on calculating the amount of in- and out-flowing water) do not give much relevant information concerning the Baltic Sea Proper-Gulf water exchange since these straightforward estimates do not reflect the internal dynamics of the Gulf of Finland.
The performance of biological indicators in assessing the ecological state of streams with varying catchment urbanisation levels in Coimbra, Portugal

The performance of biological indicators in assessing the ecological state of streams with varying catchment urbanisa- tion levels in Coimbra, Portugal The growth of human populations has resulted in the expansion of metropolitan areas and changes in land use, both of which affect watersheds and streams. The ecological integrity of streams is likely to be negatively affected by urbanisation, compromising freshwater ecosystem services. The aim of this study was to assess how efficient structural and functional indicators are in evaluating the ecological conditions of water in urban stream ecosystems. Two urban streams crossing the city and one stream crossing a suburban area of Coimbra, Portugal were selected. Total impervious area (TIA) was used as an indicator of urbanisation. Physical and chemical parameters of water were measured and analysed within the Water Framework Directive (WFD/2000/60/EC). Benthic macroinvertebrates were used as structural indicators, and the IBMWP biotic index (modified) and the Portuguese IPtIS index were calculated. The decomposition rates of oak (Quercus robur) and alder (Alnus glutinosa) leaves were used as indicators of functional quality. Biotic indices and litter decomposition rates indicated poor ecological conditions in the urban streams compared to the suburban stream, consistent with the degree of urbanisation. The decrease in ecological quality in urban streams most likely reflected decreases in dissolved oxygen and increases in water temperature and conductivity. We emphasise (a) the need to combine physical and chemical data with biological data and (b) the high performance of a novel functional indicator based on litter breakdown rate as an accurate, efficient and integrative measure of ecological integrity in urban streams.
Internal gravity waves from atmospheric jets and fronts

For several decades, jets and fronts have been known from observations to be significant sources of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere. Motivations to investigate these waves have included their impact on tropospheric convection, their contribution to local mixing and turbulence in the upper troposphere, their vertical propagation into the middle atmosphere, and the forcing of its global circulation. While many different studies have consistently highlighted jet exit regions as a favored locus for intense gravity waves, the mechanisms responsible for their emission had long remained elusive: one reason is the complexity of the environment in which the waves appear; another reason is that the waves constitute small deviations from the balanced dynamics of the flow generating them; i.e., they arise beyond our fundamental understanding of jets and fronts based on approximations that filter out gravity waves. Over the past two decades, the pressing need for improving parameterizations of nonorographic gravity waves in climate models that include a stratosphere has stimulated renewed investigations. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge and understanding on gravity waves near jets and fronts from observations, theory, and modeling, and to discuss challenges for progress in coming years.
Flow and Thermal Fields Investigation in Divergent Micro/Nano Channels

The present work is related to the study of the nitrogen gas flow through diverging micro and nano-channels. The direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) method has been used to study the flow. The Simplified Bernoulli Trials (SBT) collision scheme has been employed to reduce the computational costs and required amounts of the computer resources. The effects of various divergence angles on flow and thermal fields have been studied for different Knudsen numbers in late-slip and early-transition regimes. The inlet-to-outlet pressure ratio has been set to 2.5 for micro and nano-channels with a uniform constant wall temperature. By analyzing the numerical results no flow separation has been found due to slip at the wall which is different than flow behavior in continuum regime. The results indicate that the viscous component has a relatively large contribution to the overall pressure drop and flow behavior. It observed that for low divergence angles the effects of pressure forces dominate the effects of shear stress and divergence angle and cause the flow to accelerate along the channel while by increasing the divergence angle and therefore the effects of flow expansion, the flow decelerates along the channel. The mass flow rate through channel increases by increasing the divergence angle. Cold-to-hot heat transfer has been observed in diverging micro and nano-channels. In order to investigate the thermal behavior in diverging micro and nano-channels, the results have been compared to weakly non-linear constitutive laws derived from Boltzmann's equation.
Nonlinear subsidence at Fremantle, a long‐recording tide gauge in the Southern Hemisphere

A combination of independent evidence (continuous GPS, repeat geodetic leveling, groundwater abstraction, satellite altimetry, and tide gauge (TG) records) shows that the long-recording Fremantle TG has been subsiding in a nonlinear way since the mid-1970s due to time-variable groundwater abstraction. The vertical land motion (VLM) rates vary from approximately −2 to −4 mm/yr (i.e., subsidence), thus producing a small apparent acceleration in mean sea level computed from the Fremantle TG records. We exemplify that GPS-derived VLM must be geodetically connected to the TG to eliminate the commonly used assumption that there is no differential VLM when the GPS is not colocated with the TG. In the Perth Basin, we show that groundwater abstraction can be used as a diagnostic tool for identifying nonlinear VLM that is not evident in GPS time series alone.
Changing professional identity in the transition from practitioner to lecturer in higher education: an interpretive phenomenological analysis

Abstract This research explores the experiences of five professional practitioners from disciplines including teaching, youth work, sport and health, who had become lecturers in higher education. Their experiences are considered using interpretative phenomenological analysis and tentative conclusions are reached on the meaning of such experiences for the individuals. The work extends previous studies to consider the relationship between knowledge and influence and how institutional preference for knowledge gained from research impacts on the validity of knowledge derived from professional experience. The research finds shared feelings associated with inauthenticity and loss arising from concerns that the contribution of the professional in higher education is undervalued. The research challenges the assumption that professional practitioners adopt the professional identity of a lecturer in higher education, instead finding that they create their own professional identities in the liminal space between the professional and academic domains, but points to difficulties associated with constructed nature of such professional identities within the institutional structure of a higher education institution.
What Went Wrong ? Literature Students are More Informed About

The purpose of this study was to investigate science-math (SM) and literature-math (LM) branches of high school students’ views on NOS and to compare their beliefs about NOS. The study’s sample consisted of 120 Turkish 11th grade students (60 in the science-math branch and 60 in the literature-math branch). Some significant differences were found between science-math and literature-math students’ conceptions of NOS. The results indicate that compared to sciencemath branch students, literature-math branch students seemed to be more informed about the tentativeness of scientific knowledge, arriving at scientific knowledge, differences in scientific knowledge and scientific opinion. The results of this study introduce one of the reasons why science-math students enroll in courses on history of science and philosophy of science during high school.
Spatial modelling of origin-destination commuting flows in Switzerland

1 We present a direct demand modelling approach for origin-destination (OD) public transportation 2 commuting flows between municipalities in Switzerland. The purpose is to improve the gravity 3 modelling approach for OD flows by applying a spatial autoregressive regression model and 4 testing different spatial weighting schemes. Besides the usual characteristics to explain commuting, 5 we include a variable based on mean income differences to examine interregional demand patterns. 6 In addition, we treat for the endogenous nature of the newly constructed variable and test its ability 7 to serve as the basis for the construction of a spatial weight matrix, thus replacing the commonly 8 used travel time / distance metric. We apply Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Generalized Method 9 of Moments (GMM) and Intrumental Variable (IV) estimators to obtain unbiased and consistent 10 parameter estimates. We compare in-sample predictions of the models among each other and to 11 the flows of the National transport model. We use data from the 2000 Federal Census and found 12 significant spatial dependence in the residuals of the gravity model and thus the need for spatial 13 regression models. We use a valid set of instruments to account for endogeneity and show that 14 income differences are underestimated in the gravity and spatial models if assumed exogenous. 15 Neighbouring municipalities affect flows under consideration positively at origins and negatively 16 at destinations. Last, the spatial autoregressive models relying on a combination of origin- and 17 destination-centric weight matrix outperform the gravity models in terms of the predictive 18 accuracy when network and economic distance weights are used. 19
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients in aLubumbashi ICU, DR. Congo: A 3 Years Review

Background: Material and human resources, staff training and reassessment of critical care processes may be possible depending on the sociodemographic characteristics and outcomes of the critically ill patient admitted to ICU. We sought to describe the sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis and clinical outcomes of critically ill patients admitted to Lubumbashi University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) ICU. Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study in the LUTH ICU. Data were collected from the registers and records of patients admitted between January 2013 and December 2015. We excluded patients’ records which were incomplete. Results: We admitted 464 patients during the study period of whom 453 have been analyzed, 277 (61.1%) were male and 176 (38.9%) female with a sex ratio M/F of 1.6/1, who’s the mean age was 44.4 ± 19.6 years. The most of patients were admitted from the emergency department (53.2%), followed by Internal Medicine department (21.2%). A mortality of 43.7% was recorded with an average length of stay (LOS) of 4.64 days which ranged from a few hours to 48 days. The most (69.32%) of patients had a LOS between 1 and 4 days. The causes of admission were like the primary diagnosis. Most patients were admitted for Stroke (18%), followed by uncontrolled diabetes (12.14%) and sepsis (8.83%). When admission diagnoses are gathered together, cardiovascular diseases (26, 93) are the leading cause of admission, followed by infectious diseases (22.96) and uncontrolled diabetes (12.58%). Conclusion: Critically Ill patients admitted to the ICU are relatively young. They are admitted mainly from the emergency and internal medicine departments. The causes of admission are marked with cardiovascular disease mainly the stroke. Mortality was very high, this could be related to several factors. A focus on cardiovascular disease and further studies are needed.
Nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions on Tifton-85 pastures overseeded with annual winter and summer forage species in different seasons

An experiment was conducted during the 2001-2002 winter-spring-summer to determine the nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions in Tifton-85 pastures exclusively or overseeded with oats, millet and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. The treatments were Tifton-85 overseeded with millet + bristle oat; sorghum-sudangrass + bristle oat, on 06/19/2002 and 07/02/2002, respectively; and Tifton-85 (Control). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions were affected by the nitrogen and total carbohydrate contents observed in the pasture overseeded at different seeding times, and by the different growth periods. The highest nitrogen fractions (A + B1) were observed in the early growth periods. Overseeding affected the forage nitrogen and carbohydrate fraction contents positively. The high solubility of both carbohydrate and protein from millet + bristle oat and bristle oat + sorghum-sudangrass mixtures indicates the quality of these forages and their potential use as an important supplement in forage systems based on tropical pastures.
The relationship between economic development and business ownership revisited

This paper revisits the two-equation model of Carree, van Stel, Thurik and Wennekers (2002) where deviations from the ‘equilibrium’ rate of business ownership play a central role in determining both the growth of business ownership and that of economic development. Two extensions of the original set-up are addressed: using longer time series of averaged data of 23 OECD countries (up to 2004) we can discriminate between different functional forms of the ‘equilibrium’ rate and we allow for different penalties for being above or under the ‘equilibrium’ rate. The additional data do not provide evidence of a superior statistical fit of a U-shaped ‘equilibrium’ relationship when compared to an L-shaped one. There appears to be a growth penalty for having too few business owners but not for having too many.
Assessment of DNA contents of soil fungi

DNA extractions from microorganisms under soil condi- tions have been published to a great extent during the lastdecade. � Aquantitationalapproachwas,� however,� rarely attempted so that until today there is hardly a data source available which gives information on DNA contents of microorganisms, i.e. fungi, on a dry weight basis. This is however a very necessary aspect, particularly when an extractionprotocolperseshouldbetestedforitsefficacy� or particularly as well in ecological studies, where it would be important to have an unbiased extraction procedure. That is, the procedure used should be optimal for DNA extraction of both bacteria and fungi to the same extent. Sincethemajorityofextractionprotocolsusedtodaywere� designed to extract DNA from bacteria, it was found nec- essarytoexamineourownextractionprocedure�(Blago- datskayaet.al.,�2003)�foritsapplicabilitytoextractDNA� from soil fungi. DNA extractions from 25 soil fungal species resulted in a mean dsDNA recovery of 3.3 µg mg -1 dry weight with a range of 0.92 µg mg -1 to 6.32 µg mg -1 . However, a modificationoftheoriginalextractionprocedurebyomit- tingaurintricarboxylicacid�(ATA)�butaddingaGlucanex- lyticase enzyme complex which was tested on ten fungal species resulted in a doubling of dsDNA yields with a mean of 6.45 µg mg -1 �dryweight�(range�4.2�µgmg -1 �to�8.7�µg� mg -1 dry weight), whereby eight of the ten species gave DNA yields above 6.0 µg mg -1 dry weight, which indicates
A Radiographic Study of Prevalence and Location of Enamel Pearls in a Saudi Arabian Adolescent Population

Objective: To determine the prevalence of enamel pearls on panoramic radiographs and to explore any potential correlation between the occurrences of enamel pearls with gender, jaw and tooth involved. Material and Methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 642 adolescents aging 12–19 years were examined for the presence of enamel pearls. The location of involved tooth in terms of jaw and side and gender were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out by applying Chi-square tests with the Yates correction. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The person prevalence of enamel pearls was 4.82% of patients and tooth prevalence was 0.96%. No statistical significant difference was observed between maxillary and mandibular arches and no gender and side predilection was observed. Most of the enamel pearls were seen in maxillary third molars (4.76%) and mandibular third molars (2.68%), followed by maxillary first molars (2.68%) and mandibular second molars (1.95%). No enamel pearl was observed in any of the anterior teeth or in any of the deciduous teeth. Conclusion: The prevalence of enamel pearls was observed in 4.28% of patients and 0.96% of teeth. They were most frequently seen on molars with no predilection for gender, jaw and side.
Methods of evaluation of microvascular structure: state of the art

Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death in Western Countries. Among them, a key role is played by arterial hypertension, which causes macroand microvascular alterations. Specifically, hypertension is associated with structural alterations in the microvessels, such as an increased ratio of the tunica media thickness to internal lumen (M/L ratio) in small resistance arteries and a reduction of capillary density. In order to evaluate the small resistance artery structure, the direct measurements of M/L ratio through wire or pressure micromyography has been considered the gold-standard method. Despite the availability of convincing evidence about the prognostic relevance of the M/L ratio, the invasiveness of these methods has limited its implementation in the daily clinical practice. Therefore, non-invasive techniques have been developed to evaluate microvascular morphology, particularly in the retina, since it is perhaps the most accessible microvasculature. Scanner laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) and adaptive optics (AO) represent the most promising approaches for the evaluation of morphological characteristics of retinal arterioles, in particular for the measurement of their wall-to-lumen ratio (W/L ratio). The possibility to evaluate microvascular morphology by non-invasive techniques represents a major clinical advancement, with possibly favorable implications in research and in stratification of cardiovascular risk. In this review we will address the different methods to investigate the microcirculation as well as their clinical usefulness.
Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt of chickpea in Sudan

A total of 330 chickpea genotypes were screened for resistance to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in a wilt-infected plot at Hudeiba Research Station, Ed-Damer, Sudan. The released kabuli cv. Shendi (NEC 2491/ILC 1335) and Jebel Marra-1 (ILC 915), and the widely-grown kabuli cv. Baladi were highly susceptible to Fusarium wilt. Conversely, kabuli cv. ICCV 2 and UC 15, and desi genotypes FLIP 85-20C, FLIP 85- 29C and FLIP 85-30C were highly resistant to the disease with less than 10% wilt incidence. ‘ICCV 2’ matured about 4 to 5 weeks earlier than the other four resistant chickpea genotypes. Two field trials were also conducted to verify the resistance of cv. ICCV 2 and the efficacy of the seed-dressing fungicides Tecto-TM and Quinolate Pro for control of Fusarium wilt. One trial was carried out in the wilt-infected plot and the other in farmers’ fields with a history of high disease incidence. In both trials, cv. ICCV 2 showed a good level of resistance to wilt and produced twice the grain yield of cv. Baladi in farmers’ fields. Both seed-dressing fungicides significantly increased seedling emergence in the wilt-infected plot, but neither significantly decreased the final incidence of dead plants, or increased the grain yield in the infected plot or the farmers’ fields. Results of this study indicate that cv. ICCV 2 is a potential variety for release in the traditional chickpea-producing areas of Sudan where Fusarium wilt and late-season soil moisture stress are major constraints to production.
Dynamics and Predictability of Downward Propagating Stratospheric Planetary Waves Observed in March 2007

AbstractThe predictability of a downward propagating event of stratospheric planetary waves observed in early March 2007 is examined by conducting ensemble forecasts using an AGCM. It is determined that the predictable period of this event is about 7 days. Regression analysis using all members of an ensemble forecast also reveals that the downward propagation is significantly related to an amplifying quasi-stationary planetary-scale anomaly with barotropic structure in polar regions of the upper stratosphere. Moreover, the anomaly is 90° out of phase with the ensemble mean field. Hence, the upper stratospheric anomaly determines the subsequent vertical propagating direction of incoming planetary waves from the troposphere by changing their vertical phase tilt, which depends on its polarity. Furthermore, the regressed anomaly is found to have similar horizontal structure to the pattern of greatest spread among members of the predicted upper-stratospheric height field, and the spread growth rate reaches a m.