Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A histochemical analysis of identified compartments of cat lateral gastrocnemius muscle

The lateral gastrocnemius muscle of cats can be divided into four discrete subvolumes or compartments which are supplied by the primary branches of its muscle nerve. The histochemical profile of each compartment was determined from the reaction for myosin ATPase after acid preincubation. Fibers were classified as fast‐twitch glycolytic (FG), fast‐twitch oxidative‐glycolytic (FOG), or slow‐twitch oxidative (SO). Each compartment in each cat examined was found to contain a relatively uniform distribution of different types of fibers. The most proximal LG compartment contains mainly type FG fibers, with relatively few type SO fibers; the most distal compartment, while still predominated by type FG fibers, contains a significantly larger proportion of type SO fibers. The histochemical profile of the intermediate compartments indicates that they contain fibers which lie intermediate in composition between these two. These results are consistent with the notion that LG compartments consist of aggregations of motor units, arranged such that muscle fibers comprising a single motor unit are contained within a single compartment.
A Randomized Pilot Study Comparing Ketamine and Methohexital Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Depression

Objective This randomized controlled pilot study examines the differences in response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as defined by an improvement of depressive symptoms between ketamine and methohexital as the primary anesthetic agent. Adverse effects and cognitive tolerability were also examined. Methods Subjects undergoing ECT for unipolar or bipolar depression were randomized to receive ketamine or methohexital as the anesthetic agent. Primary outcome measure includes the Hamilton rating scale for depression (17-item). Secondary outcome measures included the mini-mental status examination and Beck depression inventory. All ratings were conducted masked to anesthetic agent. Because of multiple outcome measures obtained over time, mixed models were used to account for the correlations among the measurements within the subjects. Because outcomes were either normally distributed or approximately normally distributed, general linear mixed models were fit with a random intercept specified. Results A total of 21 subjects were enrolled, and 16 were randomized (methohexital, n = 8; ketamine, n = 8). The 2 treatment groups did not differ statistically in any demographic characteristic. No statistical difference was found between the ketamine and methohexital groups for an improvement in depressive symptoms (P = 0.6); however, subjects in both groups showed significant improvement in depression over time (ketamine, P < 0.0001; methohexital, P < 0.0001). Mini-mental status examination results did not differ between groups, and fatigue was reported more in subjects receiving ketamine (P = 0.03). Conclusions The results of this pilot study are inconclusive because they lack power to support an advantage of ketamine anesthesia compared with methohexital in ameliorating depressive symptoms for electroconvulsive therapy.
Investigation and Active Damping of Multiple Resonances in a Parallel-Inverter-Based Microgrid

This paper addresses the resonance problem in a parallel-inverter-based grid-interactive microgrid. Unlike the single grid-connected inverter system where the resonance frequency is mainly fixed by the inverter output LCL filter parameters, the parallel-inverter-based grid-interactive microgrid system presents a more challenging picture where inverter interactions will excite complex resonances at various frequencies. As a result, line currents of inverters can be severely distorted even when the control schemes and filter circuits are properly designed based on the single-inverter model. This paper first develops a microgrid model using discrete time-domain closed-loop Norton's equivalent circuit. Multiple resonances can then be evaluated with the developed model. To improve the microgrid power quality, this paper also designs a virtual-harmonic-resistance-based active damping method. The proposed damping method can be seamlessly incorporated into the conventional deadbeat control scheme through the direct control reference modification. Therefore, the active damping method is able to address both the transient and steady-state resonances within the deadbeat current control bandwidth. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the correctness of the developed resonance modeling and active damping methods.
Evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in China over the past two decades

Avian infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) that affects poultry production worldwide. The absence of vaccine cross-protection and the frequent emergence of new variant strains complicate control of IBV. Here we designed a study to measure the evolution dynamics of IBV strains in China. One hundered and seven complete sequences and 1022 S1-region sequences of Chinese IBVs isolated between 1994 and 2014 were analysed by using MEGA 5.0 software and the Bayesian analysis sampling trees (BEAST) method, and selection pressure on different proteins was assessed. The phylogenetic dissimilarity of different gene trees in the data set indicated possible recombination. Fourteen isolates were identified as recombinants, possibly generated from vaccines of the Massachusetts serotype in recombination with circulating viruses. The earliest IBV in China was found to have existed in the early 1900s, and continues to evolve at a rate of approximately 10− 5 substitutions per site per year. We found that purifying selection was the main evolutionary pressure in the protein-coding regions, while the S1 gene bears the greatest positive selection pressure. The proportion of QX-like genotype strains increased over time. These results indicate that the genotypes of Chinese IBVs have undergone a remarkable transition during the past 20 years.
[Association between S100B gene polymorphisms and hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 infection].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71. METHODS A total of 124 HFMD children with enterovirus 71 infection were enrolled as subjects, and 56 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene were detected for both groups, and the serum level of S100B protein was measured for 74 HFMD children. RESULTS The rs9722 locus of the S100B gene had three genotypes, CC, CT, and TT, and the genotype frequencies were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with the control group, the HFMD group had significant increases in the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele (P<0.01). Children with severe HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 infection had significantly higher frequencies of TT genotype and T allele than those with moderate or mild HFMD (P<0.05). Compared with the cured patients, the patients with poor prognosis had significant increases in the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele in the rs9722 locus of the S100B gene (P<0.05). Among the 74 children with HFMD, the children with TT genotype had the highest serum level of S100B protein, and those with CC genotype had the lowest level (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS T allele in the rs9722 locus of the S100B gene might be a risk factor for severe HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 infection.
Constipation Is Related to Small Bowel Disturbance Rather Than Colonic Enlargement in Acquired Chagasic Megacolon

Background Constipation is the main symptom of acquired chagasic megacolon. However, a number of patients with Chagas disease without colon involvement also have the same complain. This study evaluated the role of small bowel in constipated patients with Chagas disease with and without megacolon. Methods Orocecal transit time (OCTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in constipated non-chagasic and chagasic patients with and without megacolon were performed. One hundred fifteen patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of constipation, which is defined as at least 7 days without bowel movements for more than 1 year. These two groups were further divided into three subgroups based on the serology test results for Trypanosoma cruzi and the presence and absence of megacolon on barium enema. All patients were subjected to OCTT and OGTT. Results Among 70 constipated patients, 64.3% had OCTT longer than 120 min, higher than the non-constipated patients (31.1%, P < 0.000). The proportion of patients within the three subgroups in the non-constipated group was not different from each other (P = 0.345). Among the constipated subgroup, 94.44% of the chagasic megacolon subgroup had OCTT longer than 120 min, higher than the other two subgroups (P = 0.005). Chagas patients with constipation, without or without megacolon, showed higher blood glucose levels at 30, 60, and 90 min after oral ingestion of 70 g glucose than normal subjects with or without constipation. Conclusions Constipated, either non-chagasic or chagasic, patients have a prolonged OCTT. This result suggests that slow small bowel transit may be a significant factor for constipation.
Intact suppression of increased false recognition in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Recognition memory is impaired in patients with schizophrenia, as they rely largely on item familiarity, rather than conscious recollection, to make mnemonic decisions. False recognition of novel items (foils) is increased in schizophrenia and may relate to this deficit in conscious recollection. By studying pictures of the target word during encoding, healthy adults can suppress false recognition. This study examined the effect of pictorial encoding on subsequent recognition of repeated foils in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD The study included 40 patients with schizophrenia and 32 healthy comparison subjects. After incidental encoding of 60 words or pictures, subjects were tested for recognition of target items intermixed with 60 new foils. These new foils were subsequently repeated following either a two- or 24-word delay. Subjects were instructed to label these repeated foils as new and not to mistake them for old target words. RESULTS Schizophrenic patients showed greater overall false recognition of repeated foils. The rate of false recognition of repeated foils was lower after picture encoding than after word encoding. Despite higher levels of false recognition of repeated new items, patients and comparison subjects demonstrated a similar degree of false recognition suppression after picture, as compared to word, encoding. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia displayed greater false recognition of repeated foils than comparison subjects, suggesting both a decrement of item- (or source-) specific recollection and a consequent reliance on familiarity in schizophrenia. Despite these deficits, presenting pictorial information at encoding allowed schizophrenic subjects to suppress false recognition to a similar degree as the comparison group, implying the intact use of a high-level cognitive strategy in this population.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Five Different Species of Family Solanaceae using Cytological Characters and Protein Profiling

Cytological characters and protein profile of 5 species (Solanum melongena, S. xanthocarpum, Datura alba,Lycopersiconesculentum and Capsicum annum) of family Solanaceae were investigated through poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis and using cytological characters viz. mitotic index and pollen viability. The present protein profile revealed that experimental genusLycopersicon is very close to the genus Solanum and species Daturaalba and Solanummelongena are more close at molecular level as compared to other species.Similarity index was more i.e., 22.22% inCapsicum annum and Solanumxanthocarpum which are cultivated and wild respectively, as compared to two wild species i.e., Datura alba and Solanumxanthocarpum where similarity index was only 11.11%. Present investigation has also revealed that mitotic index was highest in Daturaalba i.e., 20.38% meaning that the genus has high power of division.Closed pollen viability was in Solanumxanthocarpumand Solanum melongena i.e., 72.22% and 74.50%. A dendrogram constructed based on the UPGMA clustering method revealed two major clusters, Cluster – I and Cluster-II, comprising of two species each. The speciesCapsicum annum(T1) occupies a distinct place as revealed in the dendrogram.
Remarks on complex contact manifolds

1. Statement of results. Let M be a complex manifold of complex dimension 2n+1. Let { Ui} be an open covering of M. We call M a complex contact manifold if the following conditions are satisfied: (1) On each Ui there exists a holomorphic 1-form coi such that ciA(dci)" is different from zero at every point of U;. (2) If U,\ Us is nonempty, then there exists a nonvanishing holomorphic function f;q on U;C US such that cow =f,wj on Ui; Us. We shall prove the following
The Influence of Heavy Metals on Soil Biological and Chemical Properties

Soil samples were collected at alluvial sites of the Litavka River, which flows through the Beroun and Přibram cities in Central Bohemia Region of the Czech Republic in 2005 and 2006. Higher heavy metal content in soils (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) is due to composition of the parent rock, emissions from lead processing industry and the leak of toxic material from the steel works sludge ponds in the 1970s and 1980s. The samples were collected from six sites located at different distances from the contamination source (the former sludge ponds) and chemical and biological properties were determined. The ratio of the microbial biomass carbon to oxidisable carbon content dropped down significantly on more heavily contaminated sites. Basal respiration activity did not correlate with the content of heavy metals in soil, but there was certain declining tendency with increasing intensity of soil contamination. Respiration activities significantly correlated with the total carbon, oxidisable carbon and the total nitrogen content. The metabolic quo - tient showed higher values with increasing contamination. Dehydrogenases and arylsulphatase activities decreased with increasing contamination. Urease activity has also a declining tendency but its relation to different intensity of contamination was not unambiguous. Urease activity has shown a relationship with the content of total nitrogen in soil. No relationship was found between the total sulphur content and arylsulphatase activity. Dehydrogenases, aryl -
Well-being in Australia--findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being.

BACKGROUND The National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being in Australia has provided a rare opportunity to investigate not only the sociodemographic distribution of well-being, but also how it is related to impaired mental or physical health, to specific groups of psychiatric disorders and disability in daily life. METHODS A national household sample of 10,641 individuals (response rate 78 %) representative of the adult population was interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and completed scales measuring recent symptoms, disablement and well-being. The latter was measured by the single item Life Satisfaction Scale of Andrews and Withey (1976) expressed as percentage, with 100 % being "delighted". RESULTS The mean score for the Australian adult population was 70.4 % (95 % CI 70.0, 70.8), which matches the proposed universal norm. Men and women had very similar mean scores. Well-being was higher in persons with tertiary education and in those owning or purchasing their homes. It was lower in persons with physical or mental disorders, particularly depression. For alcohol use, a U-shaped relationship was found, whereby well-being was lower both in abstainers and in heavy users. Multiple regression analysis showed that when adjustment is made for confounders, women had higher life satisfaction than men and that high life satisfaction became less common with age in men, but even more so in women. Life satisfaction was impaired for respondents with high psychological distress, especially in the unemployed, the divorced and those with tertiary education, whether or not their symptoms led to a CIDI-A diagnosis of depression. CONCLUSION The correlates of well-being are essentially in the expected direction. Depressive disorder has a stronger association with low well-being than other psychiatric diagnoses. Of particular interest is the existence of a small number of persons with current anxiety or depressive disorders who report having high life satisfaction. This deserves further investigation.
Deletion of the baculovirus ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene induces early degeneration of Malpighian tubules in infected insects

Deletion of the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) from the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) genome increases the speed of killing of this virus (D. R. O'Reilly and L. K. Miller, Bio/Technology 9:1086-1089, 1991). Second-instar Spodoptera exigua larvae are killed more rapidly by the egt deletion mutant of AcNPV than by wild-type AcNPV. Unlike wild-type AcNPV-infected larvae, larvae infected with an egt deletion mutant molt and resume feeding as mock-infected larvae do. Wild-type AcNPV and egt deletion mutant recombinants marked with a lacZ gene were used to study their pathogenesis in insects. Histopathological investigation revealed that early degeneration of the Malpighian tubules, not the molting per se, may be the cause of this increased speed of killing by AcNPV.
Accuracy of hospital report cards based on administrative data.

CONTEXT Many of the publicly available health quality report cards are based on administrative data. ICD-9-CM codes in administrative data are not date stamped to distinguish between medical conditions present at the time of hospital admission and complications, which occur after hospital admission. Treating complications as preexisting conditions gives poor-performing hospitals "credit" for their complications and may cause some hospitals that are delivering low-quality care to be misclassified as average- or high-performing hospitals. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hospital quality assessment based on administrative data is impacted by the inclusion of condition present at admission (CPAA) modifiers in administrative data as a date stamp indicator. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective cohort study based on 648,866 inpatient admissions between 1998 and 2000 for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, coronary angioplasty (PTCA), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, total hip replacement (THR), acute MI (AMI), and stroke using the California State Inpatient Database which includes CPAA modifiers. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to create separate condition-specific risk adjustment models. For each study population, one model was constructed using only secondary diagnoses present at admission based on the CPAA modifier: "date stamp" model. The second model was constructed using all secondary diagnoses, ignoring the information present in the CPAA modifier: the "no date stamp model. " Hospital quality was assessed separately using the "date stamp" and the "no date stamp" risk-adjustment models. RESULTS Forty percent of the CABG hospitals, 33 percent of the PTCA hospitals, 40 percent of the THR hospitals, and 33 percent of the AMI hospitals identified as low-performance hospitals by the "date stamp" models were not classified as low-performance hospitals by the "no date stamp" models. Fifty percent of the CABG hospitals, 33 percent of the PTCA hospitals, 50 percent of the CEA hospitals, and 36 percent of the AMI hospitals identified as low-performance hospitals by the "no date stamp" models were not identified as low-performance hospitals by the "date stamp" models. The inclusion of the CPAA modifier had a minor impact on hospital quality assessment for AAA repair, stroke, and CEA. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that the use of routine administrative data without date stamp information to construct hospital quality report cards may result in the mis-identification of hospital quality outliers. However, the CPAA modifier will need to be further validated before date stamped administrative data can be used as the basis for health quality report cards.
Canines mesiodistal measures as the key to sex prediction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature about canine measures to determine whether their variations had any role in sex determination. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The study searched MEDLINE database from 2004-2014 according PRISMA guidelines. Search terms included "canine teeth," "dental crowns," "dentition," "permanent," "sex dimorphism," "forensic anthropology," "review literature. " EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Four hundred forty-three studies were identified in the search strategy and 11 were included. Eight analysed mean differences of maxillary right canines' mesiodistal (MD) measures between male and female. There was no significant mean difference in two studies of eight (standardised mean difference [SMD]=0.150 and 0.268, respectively). According to all eight studies that reviewed them, maxillary right canines MD measures mean difference was significantly different (SMD=0.479). All five studies, which described maxillary left canines MD measures, found the mean, were significantly different (SMD=0.424). Ten studies found the same result for mandibular right canines (SMD=0.696). Eight studies found mandibular left canines MD measures and mean significantly different (SMD=0.685). CONCLUSIONS The most significant SMD was between male and female mandibular canines (right and left), mesiodistal width 0.696 and 0.685 respectively. Consequently, these canines are the most important to the sex prediction.
Blood-flow route from the hepatic artery and portal vein to the sinusoid in normal human liver observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

OBJECTIVE To observe the microvasculature in normal human liver. STUDY DESIGN Four autopsy livers cut into 50-micron-thick sections were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Immunofluorescence was performed using anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) antibody. In addition, double immunofluorescence was performed on the other sections using antilysozyme antibody. The routes from the portal vein branches and hepatic artery branches to the sinusoids were defined as follows: portal venule, septal branch, inlet venule, hepatic arteriole and terminal hepatic arteriole. RESULTS The reactivity of the walls of septal branches and inlet venule was positive for alpha-SMA. Lysozyme-positive cells (Kupffer cells) were dense in the sinusoids but were sparse in the septal branches and absent from the inlet venules. Terminal hepatic arterioles were observed along the septal branch, and the anastomoses between them were observed at the peripheral portion. No routes opening directly from the terminal hepatic arteriole into the sinusoids or arterioportal anastomoses in the portal tract were observed on alpha-SMA-stained sections. CONCLUSION Regulation of the microcirculation in human liver may be performed by the smooth muscle layer of both peripheral portal and hepatic arterial routes.