Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic Effects on Neuroelectric Events

ANESTHETIC EFFECTS ON NEUROELECTRIC EVENTS—SCHWARTZ, ET AL bupivacaine on somatosensory evoked potentials following dermatomal stimulation. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 66:809—813. 23. Stockard, J.J., Rossiter, V.S. , Jones, T.A. , and Sharbrough, F.W. (1977). Effects of centrally acting drugs on brain-stem auditory responses. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 43:550—551. 24. Stockard, J.J., Stockard, J.E. , and Sharbrough, F.W. (1980). Brainstem evoked potentials in neurology: Methodology, interpretation, clinical application. In Aminoff, M.J. (Ed.): Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology. New York: Churchill Livingstone. 25. Bobbin, R.P., May, J.G. , and Lamoine, R.L. (1979). Effects of phenobarbital and ketamine on brainstem auditory potentials. Archives of Otolaryngology, 105:467—470. 26. Duncan, P.G. , Sanders, R.A. , and McCullough, D.W. (1979). Preservation of auditory-evoked b ra in s t em responses in anesthetized children. Canadian Anaesthetists Society Journal, 26:492-495. 27. Samra, S.K. , Lilly, D.J., Rush, N.L. , and Kirsh, M.M. (1984). Fentanyl anesthesia and human brain-stem auditory evoked potentials. Anesthesiology, 62:261—265. 28. Manninen, PH. , Lam, A.M., and Nicholas, J.F. (1985). The effects of isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia on brainstem auditory evoked potentials in humans. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 64:45-47. 2 9 . T h o r n t o n , C , H e n e g h e n , C . P . H . , Navartnarajah, M. , Bateman, P.E. , and Jones, J.G. (1985). Effect of etomidate on the auditory evoked response in man. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 57:554—561. 30. Thornton, C. , Heneghen, C.P.H. , Navartnarajah, M. , Bateman, P.E. , and Jones, J.G. (1985). The effects of isoflurane on the auditory evoked response in man. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 57:P352. 31. Thornton, C. , Heneghen, C.P.H. , Navartnarajah, M. , Bateman, P.E. , and Jones, J.G. (1986). Selective effect of althesin on the auditory evoked response in man. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 58:422-427. 32. Stockard, J.J., Sharbrough, F.W. , and Tinker, J.A. (1978). Effects of hypothermia on the human brainstem auditory response. Annals of Neurology, 3:368-370. 33. Kaga, K. , Takiguchi, Y. , and Myokai, S.A. (1979). Effects of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest on the auditory brainstem re sponses . Archives of Otolaryngology,
Bacterial pathogens prevalent amongst orthopaedic patients in New Delhi

Background: The problem of changes in pathogenic microbiological flora and the emergence of bacterial resistance have created major problems in the management of orthopaedic diseases and fractures. We, therefore, have conducted this study to find out the frequency of bacterial flora in relation to the different clinical syndromes and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of various bacterial isolates and thus guide the empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy in orthopaedic wound infections. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of the bacterial isolates of pus specimen collected from orthopaedic patients who had various clinical diagnoses was carried out at the Routine Laboratory of Department of Microbiology. The culture and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were reviewed for the period 2007 through 2012. Results: During the six year study period from 1 st Jan 2007 to 31 st Dec 2012, our laboratory received a total of 1722 specimens of pus whose site of sample collection included open fractures, bed sores, surgical site infection (SSI), synovial fluid and pin tract site infections. Of these, 900 (52.26%) specimens showed culture positivity including 62 specimens yielding >1 organisms, 822 specimens (47.73%) did not show growth of any pathogenic organism after 48 hours of aerobic incubation. The isolation rate of gram positive and gram negative organisms from various clinical syndromes was roughly similar. Most of the gram positive organisms were sensitive to Cefazolin and most of the gram negative organisms to Amikacin. Conclusions: We recommend the combined use of Amikacin and Cefazolin as the first drugs of choice for empirical therapy in orthopaedic patients with wound infections.
Effect of vitamin K supplementation on bone loss in elderly men and women.

CONTEXT Vitamin K has been implicated in bone health, primarily in observational studies. However, little is known about the role of phylloquinone supplementation on prevention of bone loss in men and women. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 3-yr phylloquinone supplementation on change in bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck bone in older men and women who were calcium and vitamin D replete. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION In this 3-yr, double-blind, controlled trial, 452 men and women (60-80 yr) were randomized equally to receive a multivitamin that contained either 500 mug/d or no phylloquinone plus a daily calcium (600 mg elemental calcium) and vitamin D (400 IU) supplement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurements of the femoral neck, spine (L2-L4), and total-body BMD, bone turnover, and vitamins K and D status were measured every 6-12 months. Intent-to-treat analysis was used to compare change in measures in 401 participants who completed the trial. RESULTS There were no differences in changes in BMD measurements at any of the anatomical sites measured between the two groups. The group that received the phylloquinone supplement had significantly higher phylloquinone and significantly lower percent undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations compared with the group that did not receive phylloquinone. No other biochemical measures differed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Phylloquinone supplementation in a dose attainable in the diet does not confer any additional benefit for bone health at the spine or hip when taken with recommended amounts of calcium and vitamin D.
Well-Posedness of the Boundary Layer Equations

We consider the mild solutions of the Prandtl equations on the half space. Requiring analyticity only with respect to the tangential variable, we prove the short time existence and the uniqueness of the solution in the proper function space. Theproof is achieved applying the abstract Cauchy--Kowalewski theorem to the boundary layer equations once the convection-diffusion operator is explicitly inverted. This improves the result of [M. Sammartino and R. E. Caflisch, Comm. Math. Phys., 192 (1998), pp. 433--461], as we do not require analyticity of the data with respect to the normal variable.
A Posteriori Error Estimate for Front-Tracking: Systems of Conservation Laws

We demonstrate an a posteriori error estimate in the L1 norm for front-tracking approximate solutions to hyperbolic systems of nonlinear conservation laws. Starting with the L1 -stability result of Bressan, Liu, and Yang, we use their L1 -equivalent functional for pairs of front-tracking approximations and identify the leading order contribution to the numerical error. Our measure for the error explicitly identifies the local sources of errors within front-tracking approximations. We also show that these local error estimators are necessary and sufficient global error estimators. We apply the estimate to a new and wider class of front-tracking approximations, which includes the approximations of Risebro.
Propagation of Viscous Shock Waves Away from the Boundary

We study the propagation of shock waves away from the boundary for viscous conservation law. Our main purpose is to obtain pointwise description of the perturbation of the shock profile. We show that there are different convergence rates for the region between the boundary and the shock and the region ahead of the shock. The dependence of these rates on the shock strength, viscosity, and initial perturbation is studied. There are two mechanisms which govern the solution behavior: the compressibility of the shock and the presence of the boundary. We introduce an iteration scheme to decouple these two effects. Thus near the boundary we use the Green's function for the initial-boundary value problem of the equation linearized around the boundary value; away from the boundary we use the Green's function for the initial-value problem of the equation linearized around the shock profile. To focus on our main ideas, we study the Burgers equation, for which the Green's functions have explicit forms. Our new approa.
On the Geometry of Optimal Windows, with Special Focus on the Square

For the Laplace operator with mixed (Dirichlet and Neumann) boundary conditions, the dependence of the principal eigenvalue on the placement of the Dirichlet part is investigated. An optimal window is a Dirichlet part of the boundary that minimizes the principal eigenvalue among all competitors of the same area. In the special case of a square, we provide both numerical evidence and rigorous partial results for the conjecture that optimal windows in a square are segments centered at either a corner or the midpoint of a side. In particular, we prove that the principal eigenvalue decreases as a window is shifted from a side-centered position towards the corner. An optimal window contained in two sides of the square is connected and contains a corner in its interior. Optimal windows whose length does not exceed the length of one side break the symmetry of the square. We also construct a star-shaped domain whose optimal window(s) must be disconnected. Finally we give, for general domains in $\R^d$, continuity.
Effects of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia and lipid infusion on circulating cholecystokinin.

AIMS Functions of the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) include an important role in the regulation of gastric emptying, postprandial glucose homeostasis, and postmeal satiety. Postprandial CCK responses are significantly blunted in type 2 diabetic patients by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that hyperinsulinemia and lipid infusion influence circulating levels of biologically active CCK. METHODS Eleven healthy subjects were studied in a cross-over design after 10-h overnight fasts, using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps for 443 min, with an additional infusion of lipid-heparin (1.25 ml.min(-1)) or saline (1.25 ml.min(-1)) for the last 300 min after constant plasma glucose levels were achieved. RESULTS Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemia resulted in a sustained, up to 5-fold increase of plasma CCK (P < 0.001). When adding lipid infusion instead of saline, CCK concentrations rapidly declined and returned to baseline levels (CCK(300 min) 1.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/liter, P < 0.001). Partial intraclass correlation showed an independent correlation of plasma CCK with free fatty acids (r(ic) = -0.377, P < 0.001) but not with serum insulin (r(ic) = 0.077, P = 0.32). Whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased in lipid-exposed subjects (M value 7.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.9 mg.kg.min(-1), P = 0.017) but was not independently correlated with CCK (r(ic) = 0.040, P = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS We report novel findings showing that circulating CCK markedly increased in the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic state, possibly as a result of near-complete suppression of circulating free fatty acids. Moreover, raising blood lipids even moderately by lipid infusion rapidly and significantly interfered with this effect, suggesting that a negative feedback mechanism of blood lipids on circulating CCK might exist.
A critical analysis of clinically available somatostatin analog formulations for therapy of acromegaly.

CONTEXT Short and long-acting somatostatin (SRIF) analogs are approved for clinical use in acromegaly. Recent analysis of the relative efficacy of octreotide LAR and lanreotide SR on the GH-IGF-I axis in acromegaly favored octreotide LAR in the secondary treatment of patients not preselected by SRIF responsiveness. A novel aqueous formulation of lanreotide, lanreotide Autogel (ATG), has recently been approved and is the predominant (and only in the United States) formulation of lanreotide used clinically. OBJECTIVE We performed a critical review of SRIF analog treatment to establish the relative efficacy of three clinically available SRIF analog preparations, octreotide LAR, lanreotide SR, and lanreotide ATG (Somatuline depot in the United States) in control of the GH-IGF-I axis in acromegaly. DATA SOURCES Data were drawn from MEDLINE and the bibliography of analyses of long-acting SRIF analogs. DATA COLLECTION We reviewed the largest studies of sc octreotide, octreotide LAR, and lanreotide SR, all that included biochemical end-point data for lanreotide ATG, and studies that directly compared the efficacy of octreotide LAR and lanreotide SR. DATA SYNTHESIS Caveats considered included differences in baseline GH and IGF-I values, patient selection, and interassay and intraassay variability, confounding the analysis. Studies comparing patients treated contiguously with lanreotide SR and octreotide LAR are fraught with methodological problems, however, are suggestive of marginally greater efficacy in control of the GH-IGF-I axis for octreotide LAR. Lanreotide ATG shows noninferiority to lanreotide SR. Five small studies directly comparing octreotide LAR and lanreotide ATG suggest no significant differences between these preparations in control of biochemical end-points. CONCLUSION Lanreotide ATG and octreotide LAR are equivalent in the control of symptoms and biochemical markers in patients with acromegaly.
Severe hidradenitis suppurativa responding to treatment with secukinumab: a case report

An inappropriate immunological response to an unknown antigen has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Studies have identified elevated levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐17A and tumour necrosis factor‐α, nominating these as possible therapeutic targets.1 Secukinumab is an IL‐17A monoclonal antibody, which binds to IL‐17A and inhibits the cytokine interaction with the IL‐17 receptors, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade. Here we report a case of a 47‐year‐old man, with Hurley stage III lesions on the neck, axillae, breasts, genital skin and buttocks, who had experienced only temporary benefit from different medical treatments over several years. After 12 weeks of treatment with secukinumab, the number of lesions reported by the patient within the period of the last 4 weeks was reduced from 23 to seven, his pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score was reduced from 5 to 3 and pain/utility/handicap VAS score was reduced from 7 to 4. These results may be taken to imply that IL‐17 blockade could provide a possible therapeutic approach in the treatment of HS.
Uniform Asymptotic Expansions for the Reverse Generalized Bessel Polynomials, and Related Functions

The generalized Bessel polynomials yn(z; a) are generalizations of the well-known modified Bessel functions $K_{\nu}(z)$. In this paper a study is undertaken of the reverse generalized Bessel polynomials, which are defined by $\theta_n(z; a) = z^ny_n(z^{-1}; a)$, and their asymptotic behavior as the degree $n \rightarrow \infty$ is comprehensively determined. This is achieved by an application of two general asymptotic theories, due to F. W. J. Olver, to an ordinary differential equation satisfied by $\theta_n(z; a)$: one for the case of complex domains which are free of turning points (yielding Liouville--Green expansions), and the other for complex domains containing a simple turning point (yielding Airy function expansions). The approximations are uniformly valid for z lying in certain unbounded subdomains of the complex plane and are complete with explicit error bounds. Together the domains of validity cover the whole complex plane. Moreover, all the results are uniformly valid for real or complex a, .
Determination of free growth hormone.

CONTEXT Approximately 50% of circulating GH is bound to the high-affinity GH-binding protein (GHBP), which is known to affect the pharmacokinetics, bioactivity, and quantitative determination of GH. Nevertheless, the presence of GHBP is rarely taken into account in the clinical use of GH measurements. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to develop an assay for free GH in serum. METHODS We used ultrafiltration by centrifugation. Due to the small molecular difference between GH and GHBP, the size of GHBP and GHBP-GH complexes was increased by preincubation of serum with a monoclonal GHBP antibody (MAb 263). RESULTS The ultrafiltration membrane almost completely retained all GHBP (>98.5%) and allowed free passage of unbound GH (>98.4%). Addition of increasing concentrations of GHBP reduced free GH dose dependently, and measured and calculated levels of free GH changed in parallel. During an insulin-tolerance test, free and total GH changed in parallel in all individuals (n = 11) and their peak values as well as area under the curve values were positively correlated (r = 0.89; P < 0.001 and r = 0.92; P < 0.001, respectively). Of note, the relative levels of free GH (calculated as the area under the curve of free to total GH) was inversely correlated with GHBP (r = -0.94; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION It is possible to measure free GH in human serum. Free GH correlated positively with total GH and inversely with GHBP. Measurement of free GH may be a helpful future tool in the management of GH disorders and in studies of GH-GHBP interrelationships.
Replication of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes susceptibility in Japan.

BACKGROUND In Europeans and populations of European origin, several groups have recently identified novel type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes, including FTO, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, CDKN2B, and IGF2BP2, none of which were in the list of functional candidates. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The aim of this study was to replicate in a Japanese population previously identified associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 10 candidate loci with type 2 diabetes using a relatively large sample size: 1921 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 1622 normal controls. RESULTS A total of 15 SNPs were genotyped. Eight SNPs in five loci were found to be associated with type 2 diabetes: rs3802177 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.27); P = 4.5 x 10(-3)] in SLC30A8; rs1111875 [OR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.14-1.40); P = 1.4 x 10(-5)] and rs7923837 [OR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.13-1.43); P = 1.0 x 10(-4)] in HHEX; rs10811661 [OR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.15-1.40); P = 1.9 x 10(-6)] in CDKN2B; rs4402960 [OR = 1.23 (95% CI 1.11-1.36); P = 8.1 x 10(-5)] and rs1470579 [OR = 1.18 (95% CI 1.07-1.31); P = 8.3 x 10(-4)] in IGF2BP2; and rs7754840 [OR = 1.28 (95% CI 1.17-1.41); P = 4.5 x 10(-7)] and rs7756992 [OR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.15-1.40); P = 9.8 x 10(-7)] in CDKAL1. The first and second strongest associations were found at variants in CDKAL1 and CDKN2B, both of which are involved in the regenerative capacity of pancreatic beta-cells. CONCLUSION Some of these variants represent common type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes in both Japanese and Europeans.
A Finite Volume Scheme for Two-Phase Immiscible Flow in Porous Media

In this paper, we prove the convergence of a numerical method for solving two-phase immiscible, incompressible flow in porous media. The method combines an upwind time implicit finite volume scheme for the saturation equation (hyperbolic-parabolic type) and a centered finite volume scheme for the Chavent global pressure equation (elliptic type). The capillary pressure is not neglected, and we study the case when the diffusion term in the saturation equation is weakly degenerated. Estimates on the approximate solution are proven; then by using compactness theorems we obtain a limit when the size of the discretization goes to zero, and we prove that this limit is the unique weak solution of the problem that we study.
A Class of Intrinsic Schemes for Orthogonal Integration

Numerical integration of ODEs on the orthogonal Stiefel manifold is considered. Points on this manifold are represented as n × k matrices with orthonormal columns, of particular interest is the case when $n\gg k$. Mainly two requirements are imposed on the integration schemes. First, they should have arithmetic complexity of order nk2. Second, they should be intrinsic in the sense that they require only the ODE vector field to be defined on the Stiefel manifold, as opposed to, for instance, projection methods. The design of the methods makes use of retractions maps. Two algorithms are proposed, one where the retraction map is based on the QR decomposition of a matrix, and one where it is based on the polar decomposition. Numerical experiments show that the new methods are superior to standard Lie group methods with respect to arithmetic complexity, and may be more reliable than projection methods, owing to their intrinsic nature.
Two-Level Method Based on Finite Element and Crank-Nicolson Extrapolation for the Time-Dependent Navier-Stokes Equations

A fully discrete two-level finite element method (the two-level method) is presented for solving the two-dimensional time-dependent Navier--Stokes problem. The method requires a Crank--Nicolson extrapolation solution $(u_{H,\tau_0},p_{H,\tau_0})$ on a spatial-time coarse grid $J_{H,\tau_0}$ and a backward Euler solution $(u^{h,\tau},p^{h,\tau})$ on a space-time fine grid $J_{h,\tau}$. The error estimates of optimal order of the discrete solution for the two-level method are derived. Compared with the standard Crank--Nicolson extrapolation method (the one-level method) based on a space-time fine grid $J_{h,\tau}$, the two-level method is of the error estimates of the same order as the one-level method in the H1-norm for velocity and the L2-norm for pressure. However, the two-level method involves much less work than the one-level method.
Conicity Index of Adult Bangladeshi Population and their Socio-Demographic Characteristics

In spite of acknowledged importance, no unified definition exists for central obesity. Several anthropometric indexes such as waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, conicity index etc, are being used. Cindex has been shown to correlate well with various cardiovascular risk factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in some population. Data were collected through interviewing and measuring 22,995 adult males and females of an urban (Mirpur, Dhaka City) and rural area (Kaliganj sub-district) in 2002 and 2003. Overall the mean (SD) conicity index was 1.20 (0.10) and 40.8% of this sample had a high Cindex. Females, increasing age, urban residents, Christians, the better educated, married and farmers were more likely to have higher Cindex than their counterparts. There is a scarcity of data about the conicity index of Bangladeshis and this cross-sectional study is the first large-scale attempt. So it can be used as a baseline data for further research in this field. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(1): 1-8