Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical assessment of hormone receptor status using a new scoring system (J-score) in breast cancer

The assessment of hormone receptor status in breast cancer is essential to decide whether endocrine therapy is indicated or not. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is thought to be the best method for examination of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) in routine practice. However, the cutoff point of IHC is still controversial. The St. Gallen consensus meeting in 2005 demonstrated that in patients with more than 10% ER stained tumor cells, hormone therapy will be “effective” but in those with 1 to 10% ER stained tumor cells will have an “uncertain” response. Based on the cutoff value of the St Gallen consensus meeting, a new scoring system (J-Score) which only evaluates the positivity cell rate without taking the staining intensity into account was established. In this paper, the ER status results of 486 patients evaluated by the J-Score and A-Score (Allred Scoring system) were compared. The “uncertain” patients with ER positive cells 1 to 10% (J-Score 2) composed only 0.9% and “borderline” cases (A-Score 3 to 4) including “uncertain” cases (J-Score 2) composed 3.2% of the total patients. Thus, the number of patients determined as “uncertain” by the J-Score is very small and the number considered “borderline” by the A-Score is slightly larger.Although the J-Score system is thought to be easy and convenient for evaluating ER status in routine practice and the cutoff values adjusted to St. Gallen recommendation might be meaningful for clinical studies, many pathological and clinical studies are necessary before it is accepted as a standard method.
Distribution of stage I lung cancer growth rates determined with serial volumetric CT measurements.

PURPOSE To retrospectively determine the distribution of stage I lung cancer growth rates with serial volumetric computed tomographic (CT) measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. The informed consent requirement was waived. Patients (n = 149) with stage I lung cancer who underwent two pretreatment CT examinations 25 or more days apart were identified. At the first and last examinations, tumor perimeters were manually inscribed by using software tools and the cross-sectional area was calculated. To calculate tumor volume, the summed areas were multiplied by the section increment and a formula was applied to reduce partial volume effects. Doubling time (DT) was calculated by using the volume and interscanning interval. The percentages of tumors that would surpass volume increase thresholds of 5%-25% for detectable growth at different time intervals were calculated. Age at diagnosis was compared with the reciprocal of DT, time interval between CT examinations, and initial tumor volume by using Pearson correlation. P < . 05 denoted statistical significance. RESULTS Lung cancer was stage IA in 99 patients and stage IB in 50. Median patient age was 72 years, and median interscanning interval was 130 days. Median tumor volumes were 3000 and 6213 mm3 at the first and last examinations, respectively. Median DT was 207 days; 21 tumors did not increase in volume between examinations. The interscanning interval required for 90% of growing tumors to surpass the growth threshold ranged from 8 weeks (5% threshold) to 37 weeks (25% threshold). Fifty-three percent of growing tumors would surpass the 25% threshold at 8 weeks, and 95% would surpass it at 1 year. Age at diagnosis was negatively correlated with growth rate (P = .047); there was no correlation between growth rate and either age at diagnosis or interscanning interval. CONCLUSION At serial volumetric CT measurements, there was wide variability in growth rates. Some biopsy-proved cancers decreased in volume between examinations.
A developmental study of afferent-reafferent integration.

Three groups of children, mean ages 5 yr. 4 mth. , 8 yr. 3 mth. , 11 yr. 1 mth. , and a group of adults performed intra-modal and cross-modal matching tasks. The stimuli used were straight lines presented either visually or kinaesthetically. The results obtained were analysed in terms of absolute errors and variances in the two intra-modal and two cross-modal conditions. Performance on the tasks improved with increasing age. Intra-modal matching was found to be more accurate and less variable than cross-modal matching and the visual–visual condition was found to be less variable than the kinaesthetic–kinaesthetic condition. An asymmetry was observed in each group between the two cross-modal conditions, kinaesthetic–visual performance being more accurate and less variable than visual–kinaesthetic performance. A model accounting for the developmental changes and the asymmetry between the cross-modal conditions in terms of differences between the visual and kinaesthetic storage systems is described.
Family vs. Non-family SME Business Competencies and the Relationship to Performance

The failure rates for small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs), many of which are family business, are high. Capabilities and competencies of business owners and managers facilitate and drive success. This study focuses on differences between family and non-family businesses. While this study found no differences in specifi c competencies between family and non-family SMEs that may lead to differences in performance, it did fi nd that the factor loading pattern of distinctive competencies which lead to success for SMEs differed between family and non-family businesses. The differences in factor loadings refl ect the differences in how the competencies are related to one another and what they mean when perceived in these varied ways. The study also determined that the four-factor pattern found by McGee and Peterson (2000) based on the competency scale that was adapted for use in this current study does not hold when the scale is applied outside the pharmaceutical industry. Implications are discussed.
Foreign Direct Investment and Value Added in Indonesia

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has increased in importance over the last decades, globally as well as in Indonesia. We examine how such inflows of FDI affects value added in Indonesia. The effect is positive: foreign firms generate relatively high levels of value added and they also seem to have a positive impact on value added in local firms. Moreover, FDI contribute to a structural change of the economy towards more high-value added activities. High value added could lead to increased investments and higher tax revenues for the government. High value added could also benefit labor through higher wages, an effect that is empirically confirmed in Indonesia.
Three-Dimensional Morphology and Kinematics of the Craniovertebral Junction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Study Design. A case-series study. Objectives. To measure the 3-dimensional (3D) morphology and kinematics of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) using a 3D computed tomography (CT) model; to reveal abnormal patterns and the relationships between pathology and kinematics. Summary of Background Data. Evaluations using radiography, 2-dimensional (2D) CT and magnetic resonance imaging have limitations because of the complex 3D structure of the CVJ. Methods. Twenty-four rheumatoid arthritis patients (21 females, 3 males) with cervical involvement underwent CT scanning of the cervical spine from the basilar process of the occipital bone to the first thoracic vertebra in neutral and flexed positions. The 3D morphology of the occipital condyle, atlas, and axis were classified based on the type of deformity observed. Periodontoid lesions (continuous bony lesions between the atlas and the odontoid process) were also noted. The 3D kinematics in the atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints were evaluated using the volume merge method. Results. Deformities in the atlanto-occipital joints appeared more frequently than those in the atlantoaxial joints. The most common instability pattern was flexural rotation during flexion at the CVJ. The direction of translational motions during flexion was posterior in the atlanto-occipital joint and anterior and caudal in the atlantoaxial joint. Conclusion. The results suggest that bilateral occipital condyle deformation, unilateral and bilateral mass collapse, and periodontoid lesions may affect flexion/extension rotational instability in the atlantoaxial joint. In addition, unilateral occipital condyle deformation and atlantoaxial joint stability may affect sagittal translational instability to the posterior side in the atlanto-occipital joint. The noninvasive 3D CT imaging technique employed here would be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with rheumatoid deformities at the CVJ.
Subcontracting as entrepreneurial opportunity. Conceptualization and research model proposition

The development of subcontracting practices is often referred to as one of the ways to stimulate the growth of small-scale enterprises and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Most works focus on situations in which the subcontracting firm is of a relatively larger size than the sub-contractor, operating on a larger scale and sometimes being of foreign origin and ownership. On the example of Northwest Poland’s fishing processing industry, this article brings attention to the potential of partnership subcontracting relationship between firms of a small size, arguing that this stream of research deserves to be given more attention. The paper presents various categories of reasons for which firms engage in subcontracting in its productive activities and various situations in which partnership sub-contracting relationships between small scale enterprises are beneficial to both the contractor and the subcontractor. It then turns to opportunity as unit of research as it outlines the potential entrepreneurial opportunities of both subcontracting firms and their subcontractors. The paper concludes with synthesis of current research in the area of opportunity-based-view of subcontracting and proposes research model that will hopefully serve to test various relationships in the practice of partnership subcontracting. The theoretical development of the paper is illustrated on the example of fish-processing industry in Northwest Poland region.
The Influence of IKEA Store Appearance on Customers' Shopping Behavior

In the bachelor thesis I deal with how the appearance of stores, shops and other places used for selling affect the customers' shopping behavior. The theoretical part is divided into three parts. In the first part, there are factors influencing customers to visit a certain store, in particular, what contributes to the relationships between customers and particular shops. The second part describes the influence of the appearance of the shopping environment, furthermore visual merchandising, which connects sales success with promoting and displaying merchandise in a way which is pleasant for customers. The third part contains the theoretical background of customer segmentation. The practical part contains brief information about IKEA department store. There are also all the three areas of the theoretical part analyzed in this practical part. The analysis was made on the basis of photographs and responses of questionnaires made in the IKEA store in Brno.
Effect of cobalt ions on myocardial metabolism.

Cobalt treatment (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 8 days) significantly depressed the oxygen uptake of rat heart mitochondria incubated in pyruvate, octanoate, and stearate media. Cobalt treatment did not, however, affect oxygen uptake in cardiac mitochondria prepared from thiamine-deficient rats. The addition of α-lipoic acid to the in vitro system greatly enhanced the ability of mitochondria from cobalt-treated rats to metabolize pyruvate. Cobalt treatment in vivo did not appear to exert any inhibitory effect on myocardial succinic dehydrogenase activity.
To see better to the left when looking more to the right: Effects of gaze direction and frames of spatial coordinates in unilateral neglect

Unilateral spatial neglect entails a failure to detect or respond to stimuli in the space opposite to a brain lesion. However, the contralesional hemispace can be determined by different frames of spatial coordinates, such as eyes-, head-, body-, or environment-centered coordinates. We observed 2 patients with a right hemisphere stroke whose left spatial neglect was modulated by distinct coordinates systems depending on the task. Four tasks were given in different conditions of central gaze and either the eyes or the head rotated 30° to the right or 30° to the left. While the 2 patients had a retinotopic defect in 1 visual field quadrant that remained the same irrespective of gaze direction (upper or lower quadrant in 1 case each), the other quadranopic field defect improved with eyes rotation to the right but not with head rotation, suggesting a head-centered spatiotopic deficit. Performance on line bisection was influenced both by eyes and head rotation, as well as by the position of the lines with respect to the trunk midline, suggesting the involvement of both head-centered and body-centered coordinates. Visual imagery and auditory extinction were not modified by changing the eyes or head position. These findings suggest that distinct spatial coordinates are brought into play depending on the tasks demands. (JINS, 1999, 5, 75–82.)
Posttraumatic growth in long term breast cancer survivors: relation to coping, social support and cognitive processing

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) has rarely been studied in long term breast cancer survivors using open interviews. In order to address the issue of how women integrate PTG in their overall cancer experience, 28 open interviews concerning changes after cancer were carried out with 5- to 15-year survivors. The analysis of results, performed using Alceste software, revealed one thematic class of PTG which was specific to women with high coping and social support and active cognitive processing. PTG theme appeared most often as a conclusion of interviews rather than in response to the question about changes after cancer.
Excessive Sleepiness and Self-Reported Shift Work Disorder: An Internet Survey of Shift Workers

Abstract Objectives: To compare excessive sleepiness and quality of life (QoL) scores in shift workers who report having a diagnosis of shift work disorder (SWD) with those who report having no such diagnosis. Methods: An Internet-based survey was conducted between March and April 2009 that included shift workers with or without a self-reported diagnosis of SWD. Participation required working ≥ 21 hours/week for 2 weeks prior, a diagnosis of SWD or a score of ≥ 10 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and a score of ≥ 5 on any subscale of the Sheehan Disability Scale. Results: Surveys included 260 shift workers (103 with an SWD diagnosis and 157 without an SWD diagnosis). Diagnosed and undiagnosed respondents demonstrated similar Epworth Sleepiness Scale (13.7 vs 13.6, respectively) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (6.0 vs 5.5, respectively) scores. Sheehan Disability Scale social life and family life scores were similar between the 2 groups, although diagnosed respondents had a greater mean Sheehan Disability Scale work disability score compared with undiagnosed respondents (6.7 vs 5.5; P < 0.0001). Quality of life was more impaired in diagnosed patients in terms of ability to drive safely, propensity for accidents, work performance, and anxiety (P ≤ 0.039 vs undiagnosed). Work-related accidents (16% vs 5%; P = 0.0076) and injuries at work (17% vs 7%; P = 0.0233) were also reported by more diagnosed respondents than by undiagnosed respondents. Many respondents used caffeine and 57% of diagnosed respondents received prescription medication to treat symptoms of SWD. Conclusion: Individuals with diagnosed SWD demonstrated impairment in QoL and reported more work-related accidents and injuries, although many measures of QoL and prescription drug use were similar between groups. Shift work disorder is underrecognized by clinicians and patients, resulting in undertreatment, despite the availability of several behavioral and therapeutic treatment options.
BCR-ABL in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – How Does It Work?

The discovery of the BCR-ABL fusion gene on the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in 1985 was the start of a new era in understanding the molecular basis of hematologic malignancies. It provided the rationale for producing first imatinib and then a series of small molecules designed to inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein, all of which can induce complete cytogenetic remissions in the majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase. However, we still do not know for sure whether the BCR-ABL fusion gene is really the initiating lesion for the chronic phase of CML and we have an incomplete understanding of the so-called genomic instability that underlies the production of the fusion gene and predisposes the Ph-positive clone to acquire further genetic events that lead to advanced-phase disease. Moreover, it is clear that though some of the mutant Ph-positive subclones that develop in patients taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the direct cause of the resistance observed, in other cases, its cause is unclear. It is likely that in the next few years we will see (1) improved methods for predicting responses to TKIs, (2) the use of TKIs in combination with other effective molecules such as farnesyl transferase inhibitors, and (3) a gradual reduction in the proportion of chronic-phase patients resistant to therapy.
Potential Negative Effects of Mobile Learning on Students' Learning Achievement and Cognitive Load - A Format Assessment Perspective

Owing to the advancement of mobile and wireless communication technologies, an increasing number of mobile learning studies have been conducted in recent years. In a mobile learning environment, students are able to learn indoors and outdoors with access to online resources at any time. However, whether or not new learning scenarios that combine both real-world contexts and digital-world resources are beneficial to the students has been questioned. Moreover, it is also interesting to probe whether the existing e-learning strategies are effective when situated in those mobile learning scenarios. In this study, an in-field activity on an indigenous culture course of an elementary school with a formative assessment-based learning strategy was conducted to investigate the possible negative effects of mobile learning by analyzing the students’ cognitive load and learning achievement. It is interesting to find that, without proper treatment, the performance of students using those existing online learning strategies, known to be “effective,” might be disappointing or may even negatively affect the students’ learning achievements. Furthermore, the negative effects could be due to the heavy cognitive load caused by an improper learning design. Such findings offer good references for those who intend to design and conduct mobile learning activities.
A Class of Continuous Network Flow Problems

The solution in discrete time of the problem of maximizing the flow in a network with time-varying are capacities and storage at the nodes is a straightforward extension of the static case. In this paper the problem is formulated and solved in continuous time. A continuous version of the Ford-Fulkerson theorem is proved, and an analogue of the labelling algorithm developed. An example is given to clarify some of the ideas of the paper and the duality theory for this problem is discussed.
An Enhanced DSTTD-OFDM System with Decision-Feedback Detection

This paper presents a new double space-time transmit diversity-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DSTTD-OFDM) scheme using the zero-forcing decision-feedback (ZF-DF) detector. To improve the diversity gain of streams in the lower Alamouti's STTD unit, the proposed system adopts frequency-repetition method. Analytical results verify that the proposed system can obtain the fourth order diversity gain, whereas the conventional DSTTD-OFDM system produces the second order diversity gain. We also suggest open-loop power allocation to minimize lower performance bound. Simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms the conventional DSTTD-OFDM system with the ZF-DF detector by about 3.7 dB at the bit error rate (BER) of 10 4. The open-loop power allocation provides additional 1.0 dB performance improvement.
The Spectra of Type II Cepheids. III. The Hα Line and Helium Emission in Long-Period Stars

We have obtained Hα profiles from 175 spectra of 37 Cepheids with periods longer than 8 days. About two-thirds of the stars are likely type II Cepheids. In contrast to the situation among short-period stars, the velocity of Hα relative to the metal-line spectrum is not a useful parameter for distinguishing type I and type II Cepheids. On the other hand, at periods longer than 11 days and shorter than 34 days strong emission is observed in many stars and appears to be a good discriminator of type. On this basis we identify one probable type I Cepheid at a large distance from the Galactic plane. We have found He λ5876 emission in seven Cepheids among the long-period stars discussed here and in one star with a short period, bringing to nine the number of type II Cepheids known to exhibit He emission.
Associations of Anger, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms With Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Objective Carotid arterial wall thickness, measured as intima-media thickness (IMT), is an early subclinical indicator of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the association of psychological factors with IMT across multiple ethnic groups and by sex. Methods We included 6561 men and women (2541 whites, 1790 African Americans, 1436 Hispanics, and 794 Chinese) aged 45 to 84 years who took part in the first examination of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Associations of trait anger, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms with mean values of common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) IMTs were investigated using multivariable regression and logistic models. Results In age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted analyses, the trait anger score was positively associated with CCA and ICA IMTs (mean differences per 1-standard deviation increment of trait anger score were 0.014 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.003–0.025, p = .01] and 0.054 [95% CI = 0.017–0.090, p = .004] for CCA and ICA IMTs, respectively). Anger was also associated with the presence of carotid plaque (age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-adjusted odds ratio per 1-standard deviation increase in trait anger = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.06–1.52]). The associations of the anger score with thicker IMT were attenuated after adjustment for covariates but remained statistically significant. Associations were stronger in men than in women and in whites than in other race/ethnic groups, but heterogeneity was only marginally statistically significant by race/ethnicity. There was no association of depressive symptoms or trait anxiety with IMT. Conclusions Only one of the three measures examined was associated with IMT, and the patterns seemed to be heterogeneous across race/ethnic groups. Abbreviations BMI = body mass index BP = blood pressure CCA = common carotid artery CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale ICA = internal carotid artery IMT = intima-media thickness MESA = Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis MET = metabolic equivalent STAXI = Spielberger Trait Anger and Anxiety Inventory