Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strengths and Vulnerabilities of Women of Mexican Descent in Relation to Depressive Symptoms

BackgroundThe majority of research related to depression among women of Mexican descent has focused on risk factors and resources without considering intrinsic strength factors that may have a protective function. An additional focus on mastery, resilience, and life satisfaction will expand the context for understanding the mental health of women of Mexican descent. ObjectivesThis study describes the level of depressive symptoms experienced by low-income women of Mexican descent living in an urban community in northern California and compares the level of symptoms by exposure to the United States (US) during childhood. Rather than focus only on negative demographic characteristics (such as lower socioeconomic status) associated with high levels of depressive symptoms, this study also focused on strengths and resources that may minimize or modify depressive symptoms. MethodsQuestionnaires were completed by a cross-sectional convenience sample of 315 women of Mexican descent, aged 21–40 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. ResultsWomen who spent all of their childhood years in Mexico before coming to the US had a lower level of depressive symptoms (p < .05) and more satisfaction with life than women who were exposed to the US in childhood (p = .001). While income, adequacy of financial resources, partner status, alcohol use, and childhood exposure to the US accounted for 13% of the variance in depressive symptoms, intrinsic strength factors such as mastery, life satisfaction, and resilience accounted for an additional 31% of the variance (p < .001). DiscussionAlthough intrinsic strength factors have rarely been included in research related to depression in women of Mexican descent, they were more directly related to lack of depressive symptoms than traditional demographic risk factors.
From Beach to Bedside: History of the Development of Sirolimus

Rapamycin, a macrocyclic triene antibiotic produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces hygroscopicus, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Vai Atari region of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) after a search in the early 1970s for novel antifungal agents led by investigators from the Canadian Medi
The immunologic responses of the North American opossum (Didelphys virginiana).

An investigation of the immune capabilities of the adult opossum (Didelphys virginiana) was undertaken with a view toward using the pouch young of this animal in the study of acquired tolerance. In comparison to conventional laboratory animals, opossums showed comparable humoral responses to particulate antigens, but very poor responses to soluble antigens. In addition, the delayed hypersensitivity response of these animals was found to be weak and only transiently present. The humoral response to both types of antigens was of a biphasic nature in that both heavy weight, mercaptoethanol-sensitive and light weight, mercaptoethanol-resistant antibodies were produced. The conversion of macroglobulins to lighter globulins occurred at a somewhat later time (3 to 4 weeks) than in other mammals under normal stimulation, but much earlier under hyperstimulation. Antigen clearance studies indicated that the afferent limb of the humoral response was intact, but that either the central or efferent limb was weak. Histologic, passive transfer, and cell migration inhibition studies on the various delayed hypersensitivity manifestations indicated that a similar weakness in the effector mechanism existed, but that the sensitization or afferent limb appeared to be normal.
EFFECTS OF A JUVENOID PYRIPROXYFEN ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION IN GERMAN COCKROACH (DICTYOPTERA: BLATTELLIDAE)*

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is one of the most common pest species, and is acarrier of many pathogen and allergen factors in humans. Thus, regarding public health, the control of thisinsect is quite important. Dietary use of hormone analogues, especially juvenoids which disrupt reproductiveorgan development, is a relatively new method to control cockroaches. In this study, the effect of dietaryjuvenoid pyriproxyfen was investigated on these insects. The control groups received a regular diet with nojuvenoid and each of the treatment groups received 10, 30, 50, 100, or 300 ppm of pyriproxyfen in their diets,respectively. For each dose, 15 fifth-instar nymphs were used and the experiment was replicated three times.Each of the experimental repeats had a separate control group. The treatment period was 14 days, then theinsects were fed with a regular diet until they emerged into an adult. At this stage, the treated adults were keptwith an untreated opposite sex until the formation of the first egg capsule. Use of pyriproxyfen was found tobe effective in inducing abnormalities in wing formation such as divergent, curly wing and giant nymphs.Furthermore, dietary use of this juvenoid caused the sterility of the insects due to incomplete development of the internal reproductive organs. Various morphologic abnormalities like deformation and degeneration were observed in the ovaries and accessory glands of sterile insects. Histological investigation of testis and ovaries in infertile insects indicated a degeneration of ovarian follicle cells, defective vitellogenesis, hypertrophy of testis walls, spermatogenesis disorder and a decrease in the numbers of spermatocyts and spermatozoa.The external genitalia of the sterile insects in both sexes were not significantly altered compared with the controls
Use of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale to Characterize the Motor Development of Infants Born Preterm at Eight Months Corrected Age

The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to examine variations in motor development of infants born preterm. Sixty infants attending a Developmental Follow-up Clinic participated. Infants were assessed by physical therapists using the AIMS and independently judged by physicians to be neurodevelopmentally and neurologically “normal,” “suspect,” or “abnormal. ” The AIMS clearly differentiated infants in these three categories. Compared to the normative sample, infants judged to be “normal” demonstrated similar motor behaviors, infants judged to be “abnormal” were significantly different across a wide range of items, and infants judged to be “suspect” were significantly different on items requiring antigravity postural control, lower extremity dissociation, and trunk rotation. The AIMS can be used to identify infants developing abnormally, to affirm normalcy in infants developing typically, and to identify motor differences in infants who are neurologically “suspect. ” In the latter group of infants, the AIMS can be used to provide anticipatory guidance to parents regarding the components of movement they might expect their infants to be developing next.
Chlamydia psittaci is variably associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma in different geographical regions

Infectious agents play a critical role in MALT lymphoma development. Studies from Italy showed Chlamydia psittaci infection in 87% of ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas and complete or partial regression of the lymphoma after C. psittaci eradication in four of nine cases. However, C. psittaci was not demonstrated in ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas from the USA. This study was thus designed to investigate further the role of C. psittaci, and other infectious agents commonly associated with chronic eye disease, in the development of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. The presence of C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV1, HSV2), and adenovirus 8 and 19 (ADV8, ADV19) was assessed separately by polymerase chain reaction in 142 ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas, 53 non‐marginal zone lymphomas, and 51 ocular adnexal biopsies without a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), from six geographical regions. C. psittaci was detected at similar low frequencies in non‐LPD and non‐marginal zone lymphoma groups from different geographical regions (0–14%). Overall, the prevalence of C. psittaci was significantly higher in MALT lymphomas (22%) than in non‐LPD (10%, p = 0.042) and non‐marginal zone lymphoma cases (9%, p = 0.033). However, the prevalence of C. psittaci infection in MALT lymphoma showed marked variation among the six geographical regions examined, being most frequent in Germany (47%), followed by the East Coast of the USA (35%) and the Netherlands (29%), but relatively low in Italy (13%), the UK (12%), and Southern China (11%). No significant differences in the detection of C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8, and ADV19 were found between lymphomas and controls from different geographical regions. In conclusion, our results show that C. psittaci, but not C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8 or ADV19, is associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma and that this association is variable in different geographical areas. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma, time and mental health: a study of temporal reintegration and Depressive Disorder among Southeast Asian refugees

Background. Prior research suggested that time splitting – suppressing the past and dissociating it from present and future – protected refugee mental health in the aftermath of catastrophe. The current study investigates temporal reintegration, defined as cognitive recapture of the past and reconnecting it with present and future, the mental health effects of temporal reintegration, and factors moderating the associated risk for Depressive Disorder. Method. A community sample of 608 Southeast Asian refugees, resettled in Vancouver British Columbia between 1979 and 1981, were interviewed on three separate occasions over a 10-year period. Participants performed a temporal orientation task and responded to questions about employment, social relations and mental health. Depressive Disorder, measured by a typology derived from Grade of Membership analysis of symptoms, constituted the dependent variable. Latent Growth Curve Analysis was used to examine both levels and rates of change in the probability of Depressive Disorder as predicted by changes in temporal reintegration, as well as the contribution of putative social and psychological moderators to explaining variations in growth parameters. Results. Time relatedness increased over the duration of the study. Temporal reintegration jeopardized mental health. Employment and relational stability each moderated the mental health effects of temporal reintegration. Conclusions. Although time splitting may be effective in coping with adversity over the short-term, eventual temporal reintegration is probably ineluctable. Stability in love and work are protective factors, mitigating the mental health vicissitudes of temporal reintegration. Implications for optimal timing of clinical interventions are discussed.
Effect of suckler cow genotype on milk yield and pre-weaning calf performance

Milk yield and pre-weaning calf performance of spring-calving Charolais (C) and Beef × Holstein-Friesian (BF) cows was compared over 3 experiments. Cows were individually offered a restricted allowance of grass silage pre partum in Experiments 1 and 2 and ad libitum silage in Experiment 3. In all three experiments cows received silage to appetite for the first 34 (s.d. 16.2) days of lactation. In Experiments 1 and 2, cows and calves were grazed together during the subsequent grazing seasons. The daily milk yield of C cows was significantly lower from parturition until turnout to pasture (1.8 to 2.5 kg/day lower) and subsequently at pasture (4.5 and 3.1 kg/day lower in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) than that of BF cows. Calves from C cows consumed more (P < 0.01) concentrate creep feed during the indoor period than calves from BF cows. Compared to calves from BF cows, pre-weaning daily live-weight gain was lower for calves from C cows in Experiments 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P = 0.06). The pre-weaning growth response per 1 kg increase in milk yield was greater for calves from C cows than those from BF cows. In conclusion, compared to BF cows the milk yield of C cows was lower resulting in increased calf concentrate intake indoors and lower pre-weaning calf daily live-weight gains.
The Role of Metacognitive Self-Reflectivity in Emotional Awareness and Subjective Indices of Recovery in Schizophrenia

Abstract Emotional awareness deficits in people with schizophrenia have been linked to poorer objective outcomes, but no work has investigated the relationship between emotional awareness and subjective recovery indices or metacognitive self-reflectivity. The authors hypothesized that increased emotional awareness would be associated with greater self-esteem, hope, and self-reflectivity and that self-reflectivity would moderate links between emotional awareness and self-esteem and hope—such that significant relationships would only be observed at lower levels of self-reflectivity. Participants were 56 people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Correlations revealed that better emotional awareness was significantly associated with increased self-esteem and hope but not self-reflectivity. Self-reflectivity moderated the relationship between emotional awareness and self-esteem but not hope. Overall, findings suggest that emotional awareness may affect self-esteem for those low in self-reflectivity, but other factors may be important for those with greater self-reflectivity. Results emphasize the importance of interventions tailored to enhance self-reflective capacity in clients with schizophrenia.
Image‐guided and intensity‐modulated radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastasis

Radiosurgery can deliver a single, large radiation dose to a localized tumor using a stereotactic approach and hence, requires accurate and precise delivery of radiation to the target. Of the extracranial organ targets, the spine is considered a suitable site for radiosurgery, because there is minimal or no breathing‐related organ movement. The authors studied spinal radiosurgery in patients with spinal metastases to determine its accuracy and precision.
Lack of Impact of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Gene Exon 1 Polymorphism on Susceptibility to or Clinical Course of Egyptian Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Dysfunctional T-lymphocyte immunity plays an important role in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)—a surface marker expressed on T regulatory cells and activated T lymphocytes—is a negative modulator of T-cell responses. Polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 may alter the level of antigen expression and hence may influence immune regulation. The study aimed to evaluate the possible contribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 49 A>G polymorphism to the pathogenesis of ITP and its relation to age of disease onset, clinical course, and response to therapy. Genotyping of CTLA-4 exon 1 49 A>G was performed in 100 pediatric patients with ITP and 259 healthy individuals by polymerase chain reaction–restricted fragment length polymorphism. No significant differences existed in genotype or allele distributions between patients and controls for the studied polymorphism. Comparable genotypes and allele frequencies were obtained between the 2 groups after their stratification by age of disease onset, clinical course, or response to therapy. In conclusion, CTLA-4 exon 1 49 A>G polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to ITP in the Egyptian population; neither it affects the clinical picture of the disease.
HIV-1 disease progression in breast-feeding and formula-feeding mothers: a prospective 2-year comparison of T cell subsets, HIV-1 RNA levels, and mortality.

BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of breast-feeding on maternal mortality from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and little is known about the effects of breast-feeding on markers of HIV-1 disease progression. METHODS HIV-1-seropositive women were enrolled during pregnancy and received short-course zidovudine. HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 cell counts were determined at baseline and at months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 postpartum and were compared between breast-feeding and formula-feeding mothers. RESULTS Of 296 women, 98 formula fed and 198 breast-fed. At baseline, formula-feeding women had a higher education level and prevalence of HIV-1-related illness than did breast-feeding women; however, the groups did not differ with respect to CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels. Between months 1 and 24 postpartum, CD4 cell counts decreased 3.9 cells/ microL/month (P<.001), HIV-1 RNA levels increased 0.005 log(10) copies/mL/month (P=.03), and body mass index (BMI) decreased 0.03 kg/m(2)/month (P<.001). The rate of CD4 cell count decline was higher in breast-feeding mothers (7.2 cells/ microL/month) than in mothers who never breast-fed (4.0 cells/ microL/month) (P=.01). BMI decreased more rapidly in breast-feeding women (P=.04), whereas HIV-1 RNA levels and mortality did not differ significantly between breast-feeding and formula-feeding women. CONCLUSIONS Breast-feeding was associated with significant decreases in CD4 cell counts and BMI. HIV-1 RNA levels and mortality were not increased, suggesting a limited adverse impact of breast-feeding in mothers receiving extended care for HIV-1 infection.
Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory

Organizational support theory (OST) proposes that employees form a generalized perception concerning the extent to which the organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being (perceived organizational support, or POS). Based on hypotheses involving social exchange, attribution, and self-enhancement, we carried out a meta-analytic assessment of OST using results from 558 studies. OST was generally successful in its predictions concerning both the antecedents of POS (leadership, employee–organization context, human resource practices, and working conditions) and its consequences (employee’s orientation toward the organization and work, employee performance, and well-being). Notably, OST successfully predicted the relative magnitudes of different relationships, influences of process variables, and mediational effects. General implications of the findings for OST and research on POS are discussed.
Comparing Submillimeter Polarized Emission with Near-infrared Polarization of Background Stars for the Vela C Molecular Cloud

We present a large-scale combination of near-infrared (near-IR) interstellar polarization data from background starlight with polarized emission data at submillimeter wavelengths for the Vela C molecular cloud. The near-IR data consist of more than 6700 detections probing a range of visual extinctions between 2 and in and around the cloud. The submillimeter data were collected in Antarctica by the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry. This is the first direct combination of near-IR and submillimeter polarization data for a molecular cloud aimed at measuring the “polarization efficiency ratio” ( ), a quantity that is expected to depend only on grain-intrinsic physical properties. It is defined as , where p500 and pI are polarization fractions at and the I band, respectively, and is the optical depth. To ensure that the same column density of material is producing both polarization from emission and from extinction, we conducted a careful selection of near-background stars using 2MASS, Herschel, and Planck data. This selection excludes objects contaminated by the Galactic diffuse background material as well as objects located in the foreground. Accounting for statistical and systematic uncertainties, we estimate an average value of 2.4 ± 0.8, which can be used to test the predictions of dust grain models designed for molecular clouds when such predictions become available. The ratio appears to be relatively flat as a function of the cloud depth for the range of visual extinctions probed.
Identification of the SNP (Single Necleotide Polymorphism) of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Associated with Unsaturated Fatty Acid in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle)

Fatty acid composition of beef intramuscular tissue is an important trait because high proportions of mono-unsaturated fatty acid are related to favorable beef flavor. In this study, we investigated the effects of genetic factors, such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), on beef carcass traits, including fatty acid composition, in the Hanwoo. Analysis of fatty acids in Hanwoo was performed using a breed raised in Gyeonbuk province (n = 395). Compared to the homozygote, the GA, CT, and CT genotypes of exon 5 in the SCD polymorphism showed a higher content of oleic acid (p<0.05) and higher contents of mono-unsaturated fatty acid (p<0.05) and marbling scores (p<0.05) in intramuscular fat. Results of haplotype analysis showed a significant presence of unsaturated fatty acids and marbling score in the ht1*ht2 and ht2*ht2 groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, haplotype effects more powerful than a single gene were also observed. These ht1 and ht2 types also showed a significant difference in unsaturated fatty acids and marbling score, affecting beef flavor in the Hanwoo groups. Therefore, it can be inferred that the ht1 and ht2 types might be valuable new markers for use in improvement of Hanwoo. (Key Words : Hanwoo, Unsaturated Fatty Acid, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase(SCD), Haplotype, Beef Flavor)
Binge eating in bariatric surgery patients.

OBJECTIVE Eating behavior, attitudes toward eating and body weight and shape, and depression were assessed in a sample of 64 morbidly obese gastric bypass surgery candidates. METHOD The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) were administered at the first preoperative visit. RESULTS Twenty-five subjects (39%) reported at least one binge episode per week on average over the 3 months prior to seeking treatment. Binge eaters had significantly higher TFEQ Disinhibition and Hunger scores than nonbinge eaters. Binge eaters also differed from nonbinge eaters in terms of attitudes toward eating, shape, and weight. DISCUSSION A significant number of gastric bypass surgery candidates report binge eating. The findings are consistent with other studies showing binge eaters to be a distinctive subgroup of the obese.
l-Dopa and Brain Serotonin System Dysfunction

l-dopa is used to treat the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by a loss of dopamine neurons. l-dopa is the precursor to dopamine and crosses the blood-brain barrier to increase dopamine neurotransmission. This review will focus on the findings that dopamine produced from l-dopa is mediated in part by serotonin neurons. Direct evidence will be provided that increases in dopamine cause oxidative stress and damage serotonin neurons. Similarly, chronic l-dopa produces deficits in serotonin neurotransmission, including decreases in both serotonin cell bodies within the dorsal raphe and serotonin neurotransmitter concentrations in several forebrain regions. Since serotonin is involved in many important physiological processes including mood and cognition, l-dopa induced serotonin deficits may play a role in the side-effect symptoms observed in Parkinson’s disease patients treated with l-dopa.