Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tillage and Phosphorus Fertilization of Wheat on Inorganic Soil Phosphorus Fractions under Wheat-Sorghum Cropping System

A major part of phosphorus present in soil is not readily available to crops and its deficiency is a constraint to plant growth worldwide (Khan and Joergensen, 2009), particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. P fertilization of soils results in readily fixation as compounds of Ca or Fe/Al depending upon the type of soil and with aging forms highly insoluble compounds (Brady and Weil, 2002). The supplementation by P fertilizers for optimum yields is governed by crop P requirements as well as on the extractable soil P and the P fixing capacity of the soil. Precise prediction of P fertilizer requirement is basic to sustainable agriculture and environment protection (Wang et al., 2001).
No . 50 / 03 The value relevance of financial reporting on the Oslo Stock Exchange by Øystein Gjerde

This paper focuses on the value relevance of accounting numbers in Norway over the period 1968–2002. This period covers a number of large, and distinct, changes in Norwegian accounting practice, which so far has culminated in the earnings oriented Accounting Law of 1998. Although there is no overall significant increase (or decrease) in value relevance of financial statements over time, it is high and found to increase when earnings are negative and stock market returns are low. Industrial sector turns out to be an important factor explaining value relevance, as a negative relationship exists between value relevance and the amount of intangible assets. Our paper also demonstrates that methodological difficulties are very likely to appear in regression based value relevance analyses and have to be dealt with very carefully. SNF Working Paper No. 50/2003
Russia's Comparative Economic Development in the Long Run

Calculations made by the author reveal that during the 18 th – beginning of the 19 th century Russia's level of development was not ‘between the West and (the advanced countries of) the East’, but turned to be lower than both of them. Despite some speed-up in GDP growth during the last decades of Imperial Russia, its developmental model was unsteady, lopsided, with relatively low and declining contribution of productivity growth. Although Soviet model of growth was marked by achievements in education, healthcare and science, Soviet per capita GDP (corrected for huge increase in the share of gross investment and military spending) related to the level of advanced countries, decreased from 28–30% in 1913 to 16–18% in 1990. Despite considerable social, demographic and economic sacrifices of the transitional period Russia is already approaching pre-reform levels of per capita GDP. Liberalization significantly increased factors' flexibility, enhanced some cost-effective processes. However, if the relative level of Russia's index of institutional quality, dissemination of information technologies (IT) and huge outflows of human and financial resources are factored in, Russia's overall comparative performance turns to be no better than for the lower middle income countries. More vigorous pro-reformpolicies, including intensive institution-building, human capital and IT upgrading, can and should be realized to cope with internal problems and challenges of the new century.
TURBULENCE AND SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION DUE TO WAVES

A new electrolytic turbulence transducer has been developed in order to measure the turbulent velocity fluctuation superposed on the oscillatory flow velocity The aim of the present paper is firstly to describe the outline of this transducer and secondly to introduce some of the experimental results The main items of the results are, l) the vertical distribution of turbulence intensity averaged over one wave cycle, where the turbulence is induced by ripples which appear on the movable bed of wave flume, and 2) the correlation between the turbulence intensity and the characteristics of sediment particles at the same level such as their fall velocity and sediment concentration.
Race, Religion, and Opposition to Same‐Sex Marriage

We examine racial differences in support for same-sex marriage, and test whether the emerging black-white gap is a function of religiosity. We explore how religious factors play a crucial role in racial differences, and how secular factors have varying effects on attitudes for whites and African Americans. Copyright (c) 2010 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.
Detecting changes in Arctic methane emissions: limitations of the inter-polar difference of atmospheric mole fractions

Abstract. We consider the utility of the annual inter-polar difference (IPD) as a metric for changes in Arctic emissions of methane (CH4). The IPD has been previously defined as the difference between weighted annual means of CH4 mole fraction data collected at stations from the two polar regions (defined as latitudes poleward of 53∘ N and 53∘ S, respectively). This subtraction approach (IPD) implicitly assumes that extra-polar CH4 emissions arrive within the same calendar year at both poles. We show using a continuous version of the IPD that the metric includes not only changes in Arctic emissions but also terms that represent atmospheric transport of air masses from lower latitudes to the polar regions. We show the importance of these atmospheric transport terms in understanding the IPD using idealized numerical experiments with the TM5 global 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport model that is run from 1980 to 2010. A northern mid-latitude pulse in January 1990, which increases prior emission distributions, arrives at the Arctic with a higher mole fraction and ≃12 months earlier than at the Antarctic. The perturbation at the poles subsequently decays with an e-folding lifetime of ≃4 years. A similarly timed pulse emitted from the tropics arrives with a higher value at the Antarctic ≃11 months earlier than at the Arctic. This perturbation decays with an e-folding lifetime of ≃7 years. These simulations demonstrate that the assumption of symmetric transport of extra-polar emissions to the poles is not realistic, resulting in considerable IPD variations due to variations in emissions and atmospheric transport. We assess how well the annual IPD can detect a constant annual growth rate of Arctic emissions for three scenarios, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 %, superimposed on signals from lower latitudes, including random noise. We find that it can take up to 16 years to detect the smallest prescribed trend in Arctic emissions at the 95 % confidence level. Scenarios with higher, but likely unrealistic, growth in Arctic emissions are detected in less than a decade. We argue that a more reliable measurement-driven approach would require data collected from all latitudes, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a global monitoring network to observe decadal changes in atmospheric greenhouse gases.
Preparation of Al 2 O 3 Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition Using Dimethylaluminum Isopropoxide and Water and Their Reaction Mechanisms

Al 2 O 3 thin films were grown on H-terminated Si(001) substrates using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide [DMAI: (CH 3 ) 2 AlOCH(CH 3 ) 2 ], as a new Al precursor, and water by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The self-limiting ALD process by alternate surface reactions of DMAI and H 2 O was confirmed from measured thicknesses of the aluminum oxide films as functions of the DMAI pulse time and the number of DMAI-H 2 O cycles. Under optimal reaction conditions, a growth rate of ∼1.06 A per ALD cycle was achieved at the substrate temperature of 150 °C. From a mass spectrometric study of the DMAI-D 2 O ALD process, it was determined that the overall binary reaction for the deposition of Al 2 O 3 [2 (CH 3 ) 2 AlOCH(CH 3 ) 2 + 3 H 2 O → Al 2 O 3 + 4 CH 4 + 2 HOCH(CH 3 ) 2 ] can be separated into the following two half-reactions: (A) AIO H * + (CH 3 ) 2 AlO C H(CH 3 ) 2 → Al-O - Al(O C H(CH 3 ) 2 ]* + CH 4 ∩ (B) Al[O C H(CH 3 ) 2 ]* + H 2 O → AlO H * + HO C H(CH 3 ) 2 ∩ where the asterisks designate the surface species. Growth of stoichiometric Al 2 O 3 thin films with carbon incorporation less than 1.5 atomic % was confirmed by depth profiling Auger electron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy images show atomically flat and uniform surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy of an Al 2 O 3 film indicate that there is no distinguishable interfacial Si oxide layer except that a very thin layer of aluminum silicate may have been formed between the Al 2 O 3 film and the Si substrate. C-V measurements of an Al 2 O 3 film showed capacitance values comparable to previously reported values.
STRONG MATRIX MOMENT PROBLEM OF HAMBURGER

In this paper we consider the strong matrix moment problem on the real line. We obtain a necessary and sucient condition for uniqueness and find all the solutions for the completely indeterminate case. We use M. G. Kre˘in's theory of representations for Hermitian operators and technique of boundary triplets and the corresponding Weyl functions.
Experimental Results of Novel DoA Estimation Algorithms for Compact Reconfigurable Antennas

Reconfigurable antenna systems have gained much attention for potential use in the next generation wireless systems. However, conventional direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation algorithms for antenna arrays cannot be used directly in reconfigurable antennas due to different design of the antennas. In this paper, we present an adjacent pattern power ratio (APPR) algorithm for two-port composite right/left-handed (CRLH) reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). Additionally, we compare the performances of the APPR algorithm and LWA-based MUSIC algorithms. We study how the computational complexity and the performance of the algorithms depend on number of selected radiation patterns. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the APPR and MUSIC algorithms with numerical simulations as well as with real world indoor measurements having both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight components. Our performance evaluations show that the DoA estimates are in a considerably good agreement with the real DoAs, especially with the APPR algorithm. In summary, the APPR and MUSIC algorithms for DoA estimation along with the planar and compact LWA layout can be a valuable solution to enhance the performance of the wireless communication in the next generation systems.
Pre-service teachers' thoughts about teachers' questions in effective teaching process

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT. This study mainly purposes to investigate pre-service teachers’ thoughts about teachers’ questions in effective teaching context. In order to investigate this, a descriptive study through survey was used as research approach. 113 pre-service teachers were the participants of the study and they were given a questionnaire including both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Data based on closed questions were analyzed statistically whereas data based on open-ended question was analyzed through content analyses. Mainly, the results of the study indicated that evaluation of learning is very important facility of questioning according to pre-service teachers. In addition, subject knowledge was the most stated factor which affects questioning and motivating students was the most common pointed reason of the preservice teachers to use questioning.
A Hybrid Technology Acceptance Approach for Using the E-CRM Information System in Clothing Industry

A successful E-CRM strategy and implementation should be able to demonstrate a shift in the number of interactions from higher cost channels to lower cost electronic channels. Combining this with the ability to demonstrate either sustained or improved relationship strength levels will provide a good overall indicator of the value of a company’s E-CRM activities. Highly effective E-CRM comes when companies accurately allocate resources to those areas where they can have the highest impact. The technology acceptance model (TAM) is particularly useful for explaining and analyzing Information System-usage behavior and subsequently, the behavior is influenced by attitude and behavioral intention. Therefore, this study integrates TAM with an extension of innovation diffusion theory (IDT), IS innovation model, in a complimentary manner and, furthermore, empirically concludes some guidelines for practitioners to effectively assist in the diffusion of E-CRM in Clothing Industry . Based on 85 questionnaires collect from 15 clothing companies in Iran, the research finds that studies strongly support this hybrid technology acceptance approach Using the E-CRM Information System.
Rarefied gas flow through a thin orifice

A rarefied gas flow through a thin orifice is studied on the basis of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The flow field and the mass flow rate have been calculated over a wide range of the Knudsen number in case of outflow into vacuum. The diffuse gas-surface interaction and the hard sphere molecular model are assumed. A comparison with experimental data available in the open literature has been performed.
Working mechanisms of expressive writing : focusing on the linguistic indicators pronouns, tense, and emotion words

Depression is a major problem in today’s society. The symptoms not only cause tremendous individual suffering, but also huge economical costs (e.g. therapy, work-absenteeism). In order to reduce the immense aftermath on different levels and to nip initiating symptoms in a bud, scientific interest to develop preventive interventions grew. Researchers of the University of Twente (2011) developed an expressive writing intervention based on the method of Pennebaker (1997). Since the effect of the intervention has already been shown, the current study tried to explore the underlying working mechanisms. Can a change in the respondents writing style explain the gains in positive mental health and the reduction of depressive symptoms? Is there a typical style of writing that is beneficial? Answering these questions might shed a little more light into the dark terrain of the working mechanisms and might allow suggestions to improve the intervention. The focus in the current study was on the following linguistic indicators: the first person pronoun “I”, the tense used in the essays, and positive and negative emotions. To get an answer, cross-sectional data of 33 respondents (81.8% female, with a mean age of 57, SD=6.65) was used and analyzed with various MANOVAs. The results of this exploratory study yielded some surprises. All respondents used more positive emotion words and present tense, as well as less negative emotion words and past tense at the end of the course. Respondents who improved in positive mental health used more past-, and less present- and future tense during the total course. Interaction effects were found for present tense and the improved and not improved positive mental health groups. Improved respondents used slightly more present tense in the beginning of the course and, towards the end, even remarkably more. Additionally, an interaction effect was found for future tense and the improved and not improved depression group. Not improved respondents used less future tense at the beginning of the course in comparison with improved respondents. In the not improved group a high point was reached in the middle of the course, but the frequencies decreased hereafter. Not improved respondents used more future tense at the end of the course in comparison to the improved ones. An almost constant decrease of future tense could be observed in the improved group. Although all hypotheses were rejected, the results showed clearly that respondents writing style changed during the course. Nevertheless, further research is needed in order to describe the underlying theories and working mechanisms to our full satisfaction.
Importance of and Satisfaction With Characteristics of Mentoring Among Nursing Faculty.

BACKGROUND Mentoring programs have the potential to influence the nursing faculty shortage by increasing job satisfaction while providing novice faculty with support during the transition from clinical practice to nursing faculty. This study aimed to determine nursing faculty perceptions of the importance of mentor characteristics and a mentoring relationship, and the level of satisfaction with mentoring within the nursing education profession. METHOD A cross-sectional design offered an online survey that was completed by 61 nursing faculty teaching in baccalaureate programs or higher in a midwestern state. RESULTS The results did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship among survey items; however, mentoring characteristics that demonstrated both high importance and high satisfaction were trust and support. CONCLUSION Deeper insight into the characteristics of mentoring that are of importance and produce satisfaction is essential to the development of formal mentoring programs to make a positive, lasting effect on the nursing education profession. [J Nurs Educ. 2019;58(10):595-598. ].
GLOBAL STRUCTURE OF ISOTHERMAL DIFFUSE X-RAY EMISSION ALONG THE FERMI BUBBLES

In our previous works, we found absorbed thermal X-ray plasma with kT ≃ ? > 0.3 keV observed ubiquitously near the edges of the Fermi bubbles and interpreted this emission as weakly shock-heated Galactic halo gas. Here we present a systematic and uniform analysis of archival Suzaku (29 pointings; 6 newly presented) and Swift (68 pointings; 49 newly presented) data within Galactic longitudes ∣ l ∣ ? > < 20° and latitude 5°≲ ∣ b ∣ ? > < 60°, covering the whole extent of the Fermi bubbles. We show that the plasma temperature is constant at kT ≃ ? > 0.30 ± 0.07 keV, while the emission measure (EM) varies by an order of magnitude, increasing toward the Galactic center (i.e., low ∣ b ∣ ? > ) with enhancements at the North Polar Spur (NPS), SE-claw, and NW-clump features. Moreover, the EM distribution of kT ≃ ? > 0.30 keV plasma is highly asymmetric in the northern and southern bubbles. Although the association of the X-ray emission with the bubbles is not conclusive, we compare the observed EM properties with simple models assuming (i) a filled halo without bubbles, whose gas density follows a hydrostatic isothermal model (King profile), and (ii) a bubble-in-halo in which two identical bubbles expand into the halo, forming thick shells of swept halo gas. We argue that the EM profile in the north (b > 0°) favors (ii), whereas that of the south (b < 0°) is rather close to (i), but a weak excess signature is clearly detected also in the south like NPS (South Polar Spur). Such an asymmetry, if due to the bubbles, cannot be fully understood only by the inclination of bubbles’ axis against the Galactic disk normal, thus suggesting asymmetric outflow due to different environmental/initial conditions.
Loss Aversion and the Tullock Paradox

We show that the presence of loss aversion on the part of participants in a Tullock imperfectly discriminating contest will significantly reduce the proportion of the rent dissipated in the form of resources used up in the competition for that rent. We also suggest a simple experiment that can reveal whether contestants are, indeed, loss averse. Keywords Rent-seeking, contests, loss aversion, rent dissipation
Analysis of Several Multirate Multicarrier Spread-Spectrum Systems

A uni ed multiple-access performance analysis and comparison of three multicarrier spreadspectrum multiple-access schemes, namely, MC-CDMA (Multicarrier Code-Division MultipleAccess), MC-FH (Multicarrier Frequency Hopping) and a hybrid of the above systems, called DS-MC-FH (Direct-Sequence MC-FH), in a multirate environment, where each user can have several multirate services, is provided. In MC-CDMA and MC-FH systems, users and their diverse services are di erentiated by means of only one kind of signature code. However, in a DS-MCFH scheme, di erent users and di erent services of the same user are distinguished through the rst and second signature codes, respectively. The performance of the above systems are evaluated and compared, using a uni ed structure in synchronous and asynchronous nonfading and synchronous correlated Rayleigh fading channels, with a Maximum-Ratio Combining (MRC) receiver. The near-far e ect on the systems' performance is also investigated. The (second) signature in the MC-CDMA (DS-MC-FH) scheme is considered to be either a Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence or a Walsh code. The authors analyses indicate that MC-CDMA systems with Walsh codes outperform the other schemes in di erent synchronous and asynchronous channels. DS-MC-FH systems with Walsh codes always surpass MC-FH systems. Furthermore, all of the schemes, except synchronous MC-CDMA systems with Walsh codes, are susceptible to a near-far e ect with an MRC receiver
Gamma distribution models for transit time estimation in catchments: Physical interpretation of parameters and implications for time‐variant transit time assessment

In hydrological tracer studies, the gamma distribution can serve as an appropriate transit time distribution (TTD) as it allows more flexibility to account for nonlinearities in the behavior of catchment systems than the more commonly used exponential distribution. However, it is unclear which physical interpretation can be ascribed to its two parameters (α, β). In this study, long‐term tracer data from three contrasting catchments in the Scottish Highlands were used for a comparative assessment of interannual variability in TTDs and resulting mean transit times (MTT = αβ) inferred by the gamma distribution model. In addition, spatial variation in the long‐term average TTDs from these and six additional catchments was also assessed. The temporal analysis showed that the β parameter was controlled by precipitation intensities above catchment‐specific thresholds. In contrast, the α parameter, which showed little temporal variability and no relationship with precipitation intensity, was found to be closely related to catchment landscape organization, notably the hydrological characteristics of the dominant soils and the drainage density. The relationship between β and precipitation intensity was used to express β as a time‐varying function within the framework of lumped convolution integrals to examine the nonstationarity of TTDs. The resulting time‐variant TTDs provided more detailed and potentially useful information about the temporal dynamics and the timing of solute fluxes. It was shown that in the wet, cool climatic conditions of the Scottish Highlands, the transit times from the time‐variant TTD were roughly consistent with the variations of MTTs revealed by interannual analysis.
Effects of Rhus coriaria on nutrient composition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and colour of thigh meat in heat-stressed broilers

Heat stress negatively affects the meat quality in broiler chickens, as indicated by lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 g sumac fruit powder/kg of the diet, along with 100 mg α-tocopherol acetate (AT)/kg as antioxidants, on meat characteristics of broilers under heat stress conditions. Consumption of 5.0 g sumac/kg decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in thigh meat. The thigh meat pH increased only as a result of AT consumption. Dietary inclusion of both AT and 10 g sumac/kg decreased the fat content of the meat. None of the meat colour indices, lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), was affected by dietary treatments. It was concluded that dietary sumac consumption improved the TBARS and pH, and decreased thigh meat fat in broilers under heat stress.