Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expressions of bax, bcl-2 and Ki-67 in odontogenic keratocysts (Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor) in comparison with ameloblastomas and radicular cysts.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the apoptotic features and proliferation potential of odontogenic keratocysts compared with ameloblastomas and radicular cysts by analysing the role of bax, bcl-2, and Ki-67. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study material consisted of 20 odontogenic keratocysts, 20 radicular cysts, and 20 ameloblastomas. Immunohistochemically, bax, bcl-2 and Ki-67 were applied. The positive cells were evaluated in both neoplastic/nonneoplastic odontogenic epithelium and connective tissue cells. RESULTS Ameloblastoma showed stronger bcl-2 expression than odontogenic keratocysts and radicular cysts. Bcl-2 expression in the whole thickness of epithelium and connective tissue of odontogenic keratocyst was significantly higher than radicular cyst. The expression of bax in the epithelium of radicular cyst was significantly higher than odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma. The lining epithelium of odontogenic keratocyst showed stronger Ki-67 expression than ameloblastoma and radicular cyst. CONCLUSION The proliferation potential of the epithelium and the overexpression of various anti-apoptotic proteins in odontogenic epithelial tumors are quite significant for their clinical behaviour. High expressions of bcl-2 and Ki-67 in odontogenic keratocysts accord with their aggressive clinical behaviour and a high recurrence rate.
Consistently Trained Artificial Neural Network for Automatic Ship Berthing Control

In this paper, consistently trained Artificial Neural Network controller for automatic ship berthing is discussed. Minimum time course changing manoeuvre is utilised to ensure such consistency and a new concept named ‘virtual window’ is introduced. Such consistent teaching data are then used to train two separate multi-layered feed forward neural networks for command rudder and propeller revolution output. After proper training, several known and unknown conditions are tested to judge the effectiveness of the proposed controller using Monte Carlo simulations. After getting acceptable percentages of success, the trained networks are implemented for the free running experiment system to judge the network’s real time response for Esso Osaka 3-m model ship. The network’s behaviour during such experiments is also investigated for possible effect of initial conditions as well as wind disturbances. Moreover, since the final goal point of the proposed controller is set at some distance from the actual pier to ensure safety, therefore a study on automatic tug assistance is also discussed for the final alignment of the ship with actual pier.
Whole body and regional soft tissue changes in growth hormone deficient adults after one year of growth hormone treatment: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study

OBJECTIVE Adults with GH deficiency (GHD) exhibit changes in body composition. Studies of the effects of GH substitution on body composition have been short‐term or not adequately controlled. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of GH on soft tissue using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptlometry (DEXA). This technique enables assessment of whole body as well as regional soft tissue composition.
Sexual ornamentation and parasite infection in males of common bream (Abramis brama): a reflection of immunocompetence status or simple cost of reproduction?

Question: How does sexual ornamentation relate to parasite infection, host immune response and somatic condition status in male fish? Hypotheses: Zahavi’s (1975) handicap hypothesis proposes that producing secondary sexual traits represents a considerable handicap for males. Additionally, Hamilton and Zuk (1982) proposed that the expression of secondary sexual traits reveals a genetic resistance against parasites. Organisms: Spawning males of common bream (Abramis brama) and several of its parasites (Gyrodactylus spp., Diplostomum spp., Argulus spp.). Variables: Parasite abundance (for parasite infection), spleen size (for host immune response) and condition (for somatic condition status). Results: The more tubercles on the fish, the more abundant the Gyrodactylus spp. The more tubercles on the fish’s head, the more abundant the Diplostomum spp. The greater the mean length of the head tubercles, the more abundant the Gyrodactylus spp. and Argulus spp. However, we found no relationship between spleen size and either sexual ornamentation or parasite infection. Fish with larger spleens were in poorer somatic condition, but condition was not related to male ornamentation or parasite abundance. Conclusions: Males that develop more intensive sexual ornamentation are more susceptible to metazoan ectoparasite infection, supporting the hypothesis of Hamilton and Zuk. However, our results do not support the hypothesis that immunosuppression by steroid hormones reduces immunocompetence.
The Integration of Genetic Propensities into Social-Control Models of Delinquency and Violence among Male Youths

This study, drawing on approximately 1,100 males from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, demonstrates the importance of genetics, and genetic-environmental interactions, for understanding adolescent delinquency and violence. Our analyses show that three genetic polymorphisms—specifically, the 30-bp promoter-region variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in MAOA, the 40-bp VNTR in DAT1, and the Taq1 polymorphism in DRD2—are significant predictors of serious and violent delinquency when added to a social-control model of delinquency. Importantly, findings also show that the genetic effects of DRD2 and MAOA are conditional and interact with family processes, school processes, and friendship networks. These results, which are among the first that link molecular genetic variants to delinquency, significantly expand our understanding of delinquent and violent behavior, and they highlight the need to simultaneously consider their social and genetic origins.
Distinguishability in impedance imaging

Impedance imaging systems apply currents to the surface of a body, measure the induced voltages on the surface, and from this information reconstruct an approximation to the electrical conductivity in the interior. A detailed discussion of several ways to measure the ability of such a system to distinguish between two different conductivity distributions is given. The subtle differences between these related measures are discussed, and examples are provided to show that these different measures can give rise to different answers to various practical questions about system design. <<ETX>>
Paradoxical Phosphorylation of Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Synthase by in Vivo Insulin in Very Lean Young Adult Rhesus Monkeys

ABSTRACT: Calorie restriction (CR) has previously been shown to unexpectedly induce a reversal of in vivo insulin action (phosphorylation instead of dephosphorylation) on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GS) in four out of six long‐term calorie‐restricted (CR) monkeys. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this increase in Ka (concentration of glucose 6‐phosphate [G6P] at which GS activity is half‐maximal) during insulin is also present in very lean (VL) young adult monkeys maintained on a controlled feeding regimen. Muscle samples from 10 VL monkeys (10 ± 2% body fat; 7 years old) were obtained before and during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and the Ka was determined and compared to the Ka of two other groups of monkeys, one matched in age but fully ad libitum (AL)‐fed ( n= 9, 8 ± 1 years old, 20 ± 3% body fat , p= 0.01 vs. VL monkeys ), and the other our previously described weight‐clamped long‐term CR monkeys ( n= 6, 20 ± 1 years old, 21 ± 2% body fat , p= 0.01 vs. VL monkeys ). All of the AL monkeys had the expected decrease in Ka with insulin; however, similar to the 4 out of 6 CR monkeys, 7 out of 10 VL monkeys had an increase in Ka with insulin. The 11 monkeys with an increase in Ka (+Ka) (7 VL + 4 CR) were compared to the 14 monkeys with a decrease in Ka with insulin (−Ka) (3 VL + 2 CR + 9 AL). The +Ka monkeys had lower basal Ka ( p= 0.0001 ), higher basal GS fractional activity ( p= 0.0003 ), lower basal G6P content ( p= 0.002 ), lower glycogen phosphorylase fractional activity ( p= 0.01 ), and lower whole‐body insulin‐mediated glucose disposal rate ( p < 0.05 ) than the −Ka monkeys. We conclude that the condition of steady‐state restrained calorie intake (as in the CR monkeys and in the controlled feeding VL monkeys) produces the paradoxical action of in vivo insulin to phosphorylate muscle GS, and raises the possibility that the presence of the unusual response to insulin may serve as a marker in calorie‐restrained individuals for the genotype of obesity, insulin resistance and/or Type 2 diabetes.
The Effectiveness of a Life Skills Training Based on the Response to Intervention Model on Improving Disruptive Behavior of Preschool Children

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of a life skills training based on the responseto intervention model on improving the disruptive behaviour of preschool children. The sample ofthe study comprised of 61 children (53 males and 8 females, Mean age= 5.2 years, SD = .87)attending two pre-schools in Baltim Town, namely Sanabil Kids and Basil School. Teacher'srating of Child's disruptive behaviour scale to collect and analyze data. ANCOVA analysis forthe differences in post-test mean scores between experimental and control groups ondisruptive behaviour showed that (F= 132.872, p< 0,01). T. test results for the differences inpost-test mean scores between experimental and control groups showed that (t=19.155, p<0,01 ) in the favor of experimental group. So, there were differences in post-test meanscores between experimental and control groups on disruptive behaviour in favour ofthe experimental group. Scheffe test for multi-comparisons in disruptive behaviour test showedthat there were statistical differences between pre and post measures in favour of post-test, andbetween pre and follow up measures in favour of follow up testing, but no statistical differencesbetween post and follow up testing. Findings were discussed and the implication of findings wasincluded.
Computational modeling of epidural cortical stimulation

Epidural cortical stimulation (ECS) is a developing therapy to treat neurological disorders. However, it is not clear how the cortical anatomy or the polarity and position of the electrode affects current flow and neural activation in the cortex. We developed a 3D computational model simulating ECS over the precentral gyrus. With the electrode placed directly above the gyrus, about half of the stimulus current flowed through the crown of the gyrus while current density was low along the banks deep in the sulci. Beneath the electrode, neurons oriented perpendicular to the cortical surface were depolarized by anodic stimulation, and neurons oriented parallel to the boundary were depolarized by cathodic stimulation. Activation was localized to the crown of the gyrus, and neurons on the banks deep in the sulci were not polarized. During regulated voltage stimulation, the magnitude of the activating function was inversely proportional to the thickness of the CSF and dura. During regulated current stimulation, the activating function was not sensitive to the thickness of the dura but was slightly more sensitive than during regulated voltage stimulation to the thickness of the CSF. Varying the width of the gyrus and the position of the electrode altered the distribution of the activating function due to changes in the orientation of the neurons beneath the electrode. Bipolar stimulation, although often used in clinical practice, reduced spatial selectivity as well as selectivity for neuron orientation.
Gallic acid improves glucose tolerance and triglyceride concentration in diet-induced obesity mice

Abstract Gallic acid, a phenolic phytochemical, has been shown to exert a variety of effects, including anti-oxidative, anti- carcinogenic, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we attempted to determine whether gallic acid affects metabolic syndrome such as obesity and diabetes. Diet-induced obesity mice were treated intraperitoneally once per day with gallic acid (10 mg/kg/day). After 2 weeks of treatment, the mice were sacrificed to collect the blood for metabolic parameter assessments, and the adipose tissues and liver to weigh and analyze. The triglyceride concentrations were significantly improved in the gallic acid group relative to those measured in the control group. And most importantly, the blood glucose concentrations in the gallic acid group were significantly improved. In the epididymal white adipose tissue of the gallic acid group, adipocyte size was reduced, PPARγ expression was induced, and the Akt signaling pathway was activated. Our results demonstrate that gallic acid improves glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in the obesity mice, thereby showing evidence of anti-hyperglycemic activity. The findings of an upregulation of PPARγ expression and Akt activation also contribute to our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of gallic acid on glucose metabolism.
Combined Usage of TanDEM-X and CryoSat-2 for Generating a High Resolution Digital Elevation Model of Fast Moving Ice Stream and Its Application in Grounding Line Estimation

Definite surface topography of ice provides fundamental information for most glaciologists to study climate change. However, the topography at the marginal region of ice sheets exhibits noticeable dynamical changes from fast flow velocity and large thinning rates; thus, it is difficult to determine instantaneous topography. In this study, the surface topography of the marginal region of Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sector of West Antarctica, where ice melting and thinning are prevailing, is extracted using TanDEM-X interferometry in combination with data from the near-coincident CryoSat-2 radar altimeter. The absolute height offset, which has been a persistent problem in applying the interferometry technique for generating DEMs, is determined by linear least-squares fitting between the uncorrected TanDEM-X heights and reliable reference heights from CryoSat-2. The reliable heights are rigorously selected at locations of high normalized cross-correlation and low RMS heights between segments of data points. The generated digital elevation model with the resolved absolute height offset is assessed with airborne laser altimeter data from the Operation IceBridge that were acquired five months after TanDEM-X and show high correlation with biases of 3.19 m and −4.31 m at the grounding zone and over the ice sheet surface, respectively. For practical application of the generated DEM, grounding line estimation assuming hydrostatic equilibrium was carried out, and the feasibility was seen through comparison with the previous grounding line. Finally, it is expected that the combination of interferometry and altimetery with similar datasets can be applied at regions even with a lack of ground control points.
Multiple myeloma: routes to diagnosis, clinical characteristics and survival – findings from a UK population‐based study

Prompt cancer diagnosis may align UK survival with European averages. We examined the impact of route to diagnosis on survival for multiple myeloma patients diagnosed 2012–2013 using data from our population‐based patient cohort that links to national death notifications and collects details on treatment and response (n = 441). Emergency presentation was associated with advanced disease and poorer outcomes, and was the commonest route to diagnosis (28·1%) followed by General Practitioner urgent (19·0%) and two‐week wait (17·2%) referrals. CRAB (elevated Calcium, Renal failure, Anaemia, Bone lesions) distribution varied by route (P < 0·001), with patients with emergency presentations most likely to have ≥2 features and significantly worse survival (log‐rank test χ2 = 13·8, P = 0·0002).
EVIDENCE-BASED PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE Factors associated with the activities of safety representatives in Spanish workplaces

Objective: To describe the activities of safety representatives in workplaces in Spain. Methods: A specific questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of safety representatives. Activities developed during the past year, presented in a closed ended list, were categorised into three groups: information and advising; participation in occupational health management; and pressure on or negotiation with employers. Personal phone interviews were conducted from September to December 2004. A sample of 1201 interviews was attained. Crude and multivariate analyses were carried out. Results: Spanish safety representatives were mostly men (76%), aged 26 to 45 years (62%), with fixed contracts (94%), and more than 10 years in their company (57%). On a comparable 0–10 scale, the mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) number of activities relating to information, management, and negotiation developed during the previous year were, respectively, 6.8 (6.7 to 6.9), 4.5 (4.4 to 4.7), and 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1). In multivariate analysis, workplace size (.30 workers), industrial sector, training, and support from the labour inspectorate were the factors most consistently associated with safety representatives’ activity. Additionally, support from the employer was associated with participation in occupational health management (odds ratio = 2.38 (95% CI, 1.73 to 3.29)). Conclusions: Safety representatives in Spain have a variety of activities, mostly in the category of information and advising. These are necessary but not sufficient for real participation of workers in decisions concerning their health and safety. More participation of safety representatives in occupational health management at workplaces seems to be needed, and factors associated with this participation reinforced.
The effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of naloxegol

The impact of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of a 25‐mg oral dose of naloxegol was examined in patients with renal impairment classified as moderate, severe, or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and compared with healthy subjects (n = 8/group). Geometric mean area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) was increased in patients with moderate (1.7‐fold) or severe (2.2‐fold) impairment, and maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) were elevated in patients with moderate (1.1‐fold) or severe (1.8‐fold) impairment. These findings were driven by higher exposures in two patients in each of the moderate and severe impairment groups; exposures in all other patients were similar to the control group. Overall exposures in ESRD patients were similar and Cmax was 29% lower versus normal subjects. Renal impairment minimally affected other plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. As renal clearance was a minor component of total clearance, exposure to naloxegol was unaffected by the degree of renal impairment, with no correlation between either AUC or Cmax and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Hemodialysis was an ineffective means to remove naloxegol. Naloxegol was generally well tolerated in all groups. Renal impairment could adversely affect clearance by hepatic and gut metabolism, resulting in the increased exposures observed in outliers of the moderate and severe renal impairment groups.
Comparison of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are compared, the first focus being on the high homologies of the molecular forms, and the homologies in protein sequences. Cholinesterases are the prototype of a new family of related serine hydrolases. Secondly, the distribution and regulation of AChE and BChE is reviewed. In this context the proposed noncholinergic roles for cholinesterases are described. Finally, comparison of the structure and base composition of the genes may give clues to understanding the origin and evolution of AChE and BChE
Improved Outcomes of Combined Liver and Kidney Transplants in Small Children (<15 kg)

Background. Combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKT) is a surgical challenge in small children because of technical aspects, lack of pediatric donors, and restrictions related to the size of the abdominal cavity. We report outcomes after CLKT in this challenging group of smaller children. Method. A review of prospective data on all children undergoing CLKT at the Birmingham Children’s Hospital between 1994 and 2008 was performed. An analysis of perioperative data, complications, and survival in children less than 15 kg was carried out, with figures expressed as median (range) and compared with that of children more than 15 kg. Results. A total of 23 children underwent CLKT (14 male [61%] and age 8.6 [1.6–16.7] years), of which 8 (35%) were less than or equal to 15 kg, median age 2.2 (1.6–5.4) years, weight 11.6 (9.1–14.9) kg, and height 76 (66–95) cm, followed up for a median 26 (12–126) months. Donor details included age 13 (3–40) years, weight 60 (15–78) kg, and height 156 (83–168) cm. The median donor-to-recipient weight ratio was 4.8 compared with 1.7 for larger children. The median waiting time was 291 (48–523) compared with 150 (6–455) days for children more than 15 kg. Four of eight (50%) children received preoperative renal support, when compared with 10 of 16 (62%) children more than 15 kg. The intensive care unit and inpatient stay was 2 (2–22) days and 25 (19–93) days, respectively. Mortality was seen in one of eight because of sepsis and multiorgan failure. When compared with children more than 15 kg, survival figures at 1 and 2 years were 87% versus 93% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions. CLKT in small children results in comparable outcomes despite challenges related to donor-recipient size mismatch and longer waiting times. Consequently, body size/stature should not be a limiting factor for multiorgan transplantation.
Fast Lagrangian Relaxation-Based Multithreaded Gate Sizing Using Simple Timing Calibrations

Accurate delay analysis with distributed RC delay can be computationally expensive, and can contribute the majority of the total runtime for gate sizers. Recent works have shown that Lagrangian relaxation (LR)-based gate sizers have produced designs with the lowest power on average. But they are also very slow due to a large number of expensive timing updates spread across several tens of iterations. In this paper, we develop an LR-based discrete gate sizer for fast timing and power reduction. Our gate sizer is multithreaded and is equipped with parallelization enabling techniques, namely mutual exclusion edge (MEE) assignment and directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based netlist traversal (DNT). MEEs are dummy edges assigned to improve load sharing among different threads. DNT facilitates simultaneous resizing of gates belonging to different topological levels. Our Lagrange multiplier update strategy enables rapid convergence of our timing and power recovery algorithms. To reduce the runtime of timing updates, we propose a simple and fast-to-compute effective capacitance model. We further propose mechanisms to calibrate timing models to improve their accuracy. By calibrating the internal timing models only twice, our proposed gate sizing flow facilitates extremely fast design optimization. We benchmark our gate sizer using the ISPD 2012 and 2013 gate sizing contest benchmark suites. Compared to the state-of-the-art gate sizer, our proposed gate sizer is on average $15\times $ faster and the optimized designs have 2.5% higher leakage power. Since we tradeoff timing accuracy for larger runtime speedup, our optimized designs have small timing violations.