Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directional female preference for an exaggerated male trait in canary (Serinusanaria) song

Motor constraints on vocal production impose a trade–off between trill rate and frequency bandwidth within birdsong. We tested whether domesticated canary (Serinus canaria) females, reared either in acoustic isolation or in aviary conditions, had a preference for broad bandwidth songs with artificially increased syllable rates. The copulation solicitation display (CSD) was used as an index of female preference. As predicted, both naive and experienced females were especially responsive to syllables with a broad bandwidth emitted at an artificially increased rate. Female preference for supernormal stimuli provide support for the honest–signalling hypothesis and our results are consistent with recent findings indicating that production of song phrases maximizing both bandwidth and syllable rate may be a reliable indicator of male physical or behavioural qualities. We suggest that female preference for vocal emissions, which simultaneously maximize these two parameters, could be a widespread pattern within songbirds.
A Quantum Exchange Bias Model for Coupling Across a Nonmagnetic Interlayer

Exchange bias (EB) has been observed in systems where a paramagnetic (PM) spacer separates an antiferromagnet (AFM) from a ferromagnet. This coupling extends to PM spacer thicknesses of up to 100Å in Py/(Ag, Au, Cu)/CoO systems. We develop a quantum fluctuation model in which a dipole field is created at the AFM surface due to the breaking of translational invariance symmetry. The uncompensated spins of the semiinfinite AFM induce a field that extends all the way to the CoO/(Ag, Au, Cu) interface and thus generate EB. The magnitude of the EB field that the present model yields is of the same order of magnitude as the one measured in recent experiments.
The impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on women's sexual functioning

Background: A number of studies have reported the relationship between women's sexual problems and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the results are contradictory. The objective of this paper was to explore the impact of SLE on women's sexual function. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI Scholar, VIP and WanFang databases were searched up to April 2017. Studies evaluating the impact of SLE on women's sexual function with the use of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scoring system were included. Statistical analyses were executed using version 5.0 Review Manager statistical software. Data were pooled using a fixed or random effects model according to heterogeneity. Results: A total of 2 identified studies matched the inclusion criteria, reporting on a total of 236 patients with SLE. No significant difference was observed between SLE patients and healthy controls on desire (P = .24; MD = −0.44 [−1.17, 0.29]), arousal (P = .12; MD = −0.39 [−0.89, 0.11]), lubrication (P = .17; MD = −0.53 [−1.28, 0.23]), orgasm (P = .27; MD = −0.27 [−0.75, 0.21]), satisfaction (P = .25; MD = −0.10 [−0.27, 0.07]) and pain (P = .17; MD = −0.50 [−1.22, 0.22]), except for total FSFI (P = .001; MD = −1.24 [−1.97, −0.50]). Conclusion: SLE has some influence on women’ sexual function. However, further studies of a larger population of female patients are required to further evaluate the mechanism by which SLE affects sexual function.
Sodium Cotransport Systems and the Membrane Potential Difference

Studies with membrane vesicles and with whole cell preparations have shown clearly that the electrochemical gradient of Na+ acting across the cell membrane is closely coupled to the influx and efflux of amino acids or carbohydrates through their cellular pumps. It has been less clear (1) just how tightly solute flow is coupled to that of Na+ in stoichiometrical terms and (2) whether coupling is tight enough to account for the maximum solute gradients that the systems form in vivo. Recent work with ionophores, including nigericin, has revealed circumstances in preparations of mouse ascites-tumor cells where if the sodium gradient hypothesis is correct, electrogenic ion pumping must be supposed to maintain membrane potentials of the order of 80 mV negative. We have used a new fluorescence assay based on an oxonol dye in a search for potentials of that magnitude. Their possible origin is discussed.
Retrobulbar haemodynamics in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

Clinical evaluation of the optic nerve circulation in NAION remains an elusive goal yet to be fully achieved In this issue of the journal, Kaup et al 1 ( see p 1350 ) report results relating to blood flow dynamics in the ophthalmic artery, the nasal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries and the central retinal artery in patients in the acute stage of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Although they are not the first group to conduct such a study, they are the first to compare their findings in patients with NAION with those measured in a group of age-matched controls. Before commenting on specific results, it is instructive to consider the problem of blood flow and NAION from first principles. As initially described by Henkind et al ,2 and recently by Arnold3 in his excellent review, histopathological examination shows that there is occlusive vasculopathy in the optic nerve microcirculation located primarily in the retrolaminar region of the nerve head in patients with NAION. The first question, then, is “What is the blood supply to this region? ” The answer to this question is beautifully shown in the …
Timing and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in Syrian schoolchildren

AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the timing and sequence of the eruption of permanent teeth in Syrian schoolchildren. METHODS A total of 1211 children aged 5-13 years were included. Every permanent tooth was scored according to its clinical stage of eruption. The significance of difference was tested using t test. RESULTS The mean number of erupted teeth in children aged 5-6 years was 2.41 ± 2.68, and reached to 24.48 ± 3.60 in those ages between 12 and 13 years. Mandibular teeth erupted earlier than maxillary opposing teeth in both sexes, except upper premolars. The eruption significantly proceeded in girls when compared to boys. Differences were significant for numbers 11 (P = .003), 21 (P = .035), 13 (P = .013), 42 (P = .038), 33 (P = .009), and 45 (P = .012). There was no significant difference between contralateral teeth (right and left) in the mean age of eruption in both arches. Lower central incisors and first molars were the earliest teeth to emerge in both sexes. Second molars were the last teeth to emerge in boys (maxilla: 11.68 years, mandible: 11.15 years) and girls (maxilla: 11.2 years, mandible 10.99 years). CONCLUSION Findings could be used as Syrian standards of eruption when health professionals assess normal occlusion and need to determine the correct timing for preventive or corrective procedures.
On the Relationship of the Five-Factor Personality Model to Personality Disorders: Four Reservations

McCrae and Costa since 1986 have proferred a five-factor personality model as a lingua franca among different psychometric test users, and they suggest that their operationalization of the five-factor model, the NEO Personality Inventory, may also be useful in the clinical assessment of the abnormal personality. The present study examined the inventory and its relationship to the 11 personality disorders of Axis II of DSM-III—R in a sample of 180 adults. Correlational multivariate analyses appear to indicate a limited usefulness of the five-factor model in the understanding of personality disorders, and four major objections are offered. Further research with clinical samples, other models of personality, and other measures of personality disorders are encouraged.
Involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in α‐bisabolol induced apoptosis

α‐Bisabolol is a natural monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol. It has been used in cosmetics for hundreds of years because of its perceived skin‐healing properties. α‐Bisabolol is known to have anti‐irritant, anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In precedent studies, we described how α‐bisabolol exerts a selective pro‐apoptotic action towards transformed cells [Cavalieri E et al. (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun315, 589–594] and its uptake is mediated by lipid rafts on the plasma membrane [Darra E et al. (2008) Arch Biochem Biophys476, 113–123]. In this study, we hypothesize that the intracellular target of α‐bisabolol may be the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). To evaluate this hypothesis, we used one transformed cell line (human glioma T67) in comparison with a nontransformed one (human fibroblasts). We assessed the effect of a specific mPTP inhibitor (cyclosporine A) on the toxic action of α‐bisabolol. Results show that the α‐bisabolol‐induced decrease in oxygen consumption is abolished by the addition of cyclosporine A in T67 cells, indicating that α‐bisabolol may target mPTP. The central role of mitochondria was also demonstrated by using galactose to force cells to a more aerobic metabolism. In this condition, we observed higher α‐bisabolol toxicity. Furthermore, we studied the effect of α‐bisabolol on isolated rat liver mitochondria. This study expands the notion of the specific action of α‐bisabolol on transformed cells and suggests that it may act by disturbing the structure and function of the mPTP. α‐Bisabolol toxicity is clearly related to its cellular uptake, which is higher in transformed cell lines.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and stem cells: a small beginning or a strategy doomed to never gestate?

B, Jones D, Joyce C, Kostner K, et al.; The ANZ-STATInS Investigators– ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. A multicenter randomized trial of atorvastatin therapy in intensive care patients with severe sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;187:743–750. 3. Craig T, O’Kane CM, McAuley DF. Potential mechanisms by which statins modulate pathogenic mechanisms important in the development of acute lung injury. In: Vincent JL, editor. 27th Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2007. 4. Al Harbi SA, Tamin HN, Arabi YM. Association between statin therapy and outcomes in critically ill patients: a nested cohort study. BMC Clin Pharmacol 2011;11:12. 5. Jacobson JR, Barnard JW, Grigoryev DN, Ma S-F, Tuder RM, Garcia JGN. Simvastatin attenuates vascular leak and inflammation in murine inflammatory lung injury. Am J Physiol 2005;288:L1026–L1032. 6. Shyamsundar M, McKeown S, O’Kane C, Craig T, Brown V, Thickett DR, Matthay MA, Taggart C, Backmann J, Elborn JS, et al. Simvastatin decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in healthy volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;179:1107–1114. 7. Patel JM, Snaith C, Thickett DR, Linhartova L, Melody T, Hawkey P, Barnett AH, Jones A, Hong T, Cooke MW, et al. Randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled trial of 40 mg/day of atorvastatin in reducing the severity of sepsis in ward patients (ASEPSIS trial). Crit Care 2012;16:R231. 8. Craig TR, Duffy MJ, Shyamsundar M, McDowell C, O’Kane CM, Elborn JS, McAuley DF. A randomized clinical trial of hydroxymethylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase inhibition for acute lung injury (the HARP study). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:620–626. 9. McAuley DF, Laffey JG, O’Kane CM, Cross M, Perkins GD, Murphy L, McNally C, Crealey G, Stevenson M. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibition with simvastatin in acute lung injury to reduce pulmonary dysfunction (HARP-2) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2012;13:170. 10. Chopra V, Rogers MA, Buist M, Govindan S, Lindenauer PK, Saint S, Flanders SA. Is statin use associated with reduced mortality after pneumonia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Am JMed 2012;125:1111–1123. 11. Steiner S, Speidl WS, Pleiner J, Seidinger D, Zorn G, Kaun C, Wojta J, Huber K, Minar E, Wolzt M, et al. Simvastatin blunts endotoxininduced tissue factor in vivo. Circulation 2005;111:1841–1846. 12. Kruger PFK, Cook D, Jones M, Nimmo G. Statin therapy is associated with fewer deaths in patients with bacteraemia. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:75–79.
Cerebral Generators of Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Its Magnetic Counterpart (MMNm) Elicited by Sound Changes

Infrequent (“deviant”) sounds occurring in a sequence of repetitive (“standard”) sounds elicit an event-related brain potential (ERP) response called the mismatch negativity (MMN) even in the absence of attention to these sounds. MMN appears to be caused by a neuronal mismatch between the deviant auditory input and a sensory-memory trace representing the standard stimuli. This automatic mismatch process has presumably a central role in discrimination of changes in the acoustic environment outside the focus of attention. Thus, localizing cerebral generators of MMN might help identify brain mechanisms of auditory sensory memory and involuntary attention. This review summarizes results from studies aimed at localizing MMN generators on the basis of (1) scalp-distribution, (2) magnetoencephalographic (MEG), (3) intracranial, and (4) brain-lesion data. These studies indicate that a major MMN source is located in the auditory cortex. However, the exact location of this MMN generator appears to depend on which feature of a sound is changed (e.g., frequency, intensity, or duration), as well as on the complexity of the sound (e.g., a simple tone versus complex sound). Consequently, memory traces for different acoustic features, as well as for sounds of different complexity, might be located in different regions of auditory cortex. However, MMN appears to have generators in other brain structures, too. There is some evidence for contribution of frontal-lobe activity to the MMN, which might be related to the involuntary switching of attention to a stimulus change occurring outside the focus of attention. In addition, intracranial MMN recordings in animals suggest that at least in some species, MMN subcomponents also may be generated in the thalamus and hippocampus.
Risk of topical anesthetic-induced methemoglobinemia: a 10-year retrospective case-control study.

IMPORTANCE Methemoglobinemia is a rare but serious disorder, defined as an increase in oxidized hemoglobin resulting in a reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity. Although methemoglobinemia is a known complication of topical anesthetic use, few data exist on the incidence of and risk factors for this potentially life-threatening disorder. OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence of and risk factors for procedure-related methemoglobinemia to identify patient populations at high risk for this complication. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective study in an academic research setting. PARTICIPANTS Medical records for all patients diagnosed as having methemoglobinemia during a 10-year period were reviewed. EXPOSURES All cases of methemoglobinemia that occurred after the following procedures were included in the analysis: bronchoscopy, nasogastric tube placement, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, transesophageal echocardiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Comorbidities, demographics, concurrent laboratory values, and specific topical anesthetic used were recorded for all cases. Each case was compared with matched inpatient and outpatient cases. RESULTS In total, 33 cases of methemoglobinemia were identified during the 10-year period among 94,694 total procedures. The mean (SD) methemoglobin concentration was 32.0% (12.4%). The methemoglobinemia prevalence rates were 0.160% for bronchoscopy, 0.005% for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 0.250% for transesophageal echocardiogram, and 0.030% for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Hospitalization at the time of the procedure was a major risk factor for the development of methemoglobinemia (0.14 cases per 10,000 outpatient procedures vs 13.7 cases per 10,000 inpatient procedures, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The overall prevalence of methemoglobinemia is low at 0.035%; however, an increased risk was seen in hospitalized patients and with benzocaine-based anesthetics. Given the potential severity of methemoglobinemia, the risks and benefits of the use of topical anesthetics should be carefully considered in inpatient populations.
Association between promoter and coding region mutations of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and β‐thalassemia/Hb E with cholelithiasis

Background and objectives: Cholelithiasis has been observed with high incidence in beta‐thalassemia/hemoglobin E (β‐thal/Hb E). Recent studies have shown that a variant TATA‐box in the promoter region of the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene is associated with the development of cholelithiasis. The coding region mutation (G71R) of the UGT1A1 gene was higher in Asians than those in Caucasians. The relationship between the variant UGT1A1 promoter and coding region gene and cholelithiasis in β‐thal/Hb E subjects were investigated.
GluR1 and GluR2/3 subunits of the AMPA‐type glutamate receptor are associated with particular types of neurone in laminae I–III of the spinal dorsal horn of the rat

GluR1 and GluR2 subunits of the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor are expressed at high levels by neurones in laminae I–III of rat spinal dorsal horn, an area which contains numerous, densely packed small neurones. In order to determine whether these subunits are expressed by inhibitory or excitatory neurones, we combined pre‐embedding immunocytochemistry with antibodies that recognize either GluR1, or an epitope common to GluR2 and 3, with postembedding detection of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Most (78%) of the neurones with GluR1‐immunoreactivity were GABA‐immunoreactive, and some of these were also glycine‐immunoreactive, whereas nearly all (97%) of the GluR2/3‐immunoreactive neurones were not GABA‐ or glycine‐immunoreactive.
Path Following of Mobile Robots Using a Virtual Vehicle Approach

Path following, one of the motion control problems of mobile robots is a problem not adequately studied. In this paper, a new framework to solve path following is established. Firstly, path following is given a new formulation, considering geometry constraints of planar curves. Secondly, the notion of virtual vehicle is applied, making exact linearization realizable. A control law with simple form is deduced, which is proved to be applicable by simulation results.
Radial Artery Bypass Grafts Have an Increased Occurrence of Angiographically Severe Stenosis and Occlusion Compared With Left Internal Mammary Arteries and Saphenous Vein Grafts

Background—The radial artery has been increasingly used in CABG. However, angiographic outcome data have been limited. Methods and Results—We reviewed all coronary angiography procedures from February 1996 to October 2001 and selected patients with a radial artery bypass graft. Angiographic outcomes were divided into groups as (1) occluded, (2) severe disease (≥70% stenosis, or string sign), or (3) patent (<70% stenosis). Multivariable analyses determined predictors of severe disease or occlusion. A total of 310 patients had a radial artery graft. Mean follow-up after coronary artery bypass grafting was 565 ± 511 days. Radial artery grafts had a patency rate of 51.3%, which was significantly lower than that for left internal mammary arteries (90.3%, P < 0.0001) or saphenous vein grafts (64.0%, P = 0.0016). Radial artery grafts had an occlusion rate of 33.7%, compared with 4.8% for left internal mammary arteries (P < 0.0001), and had a severe stenosis rate of 15.1%, compared with 5.9% for saphenous vein grafts (P = 0.0003) and 4.8% for left internal mammary arteries (P < 0.0001). Women had a worse overall radial artery patency rate than men (38.9% versus 56.1%, P = 0.025). A radial artery graft was the most powerful multivariable predictor of severe stenosis or occlusion (χ2 = 28.87, P < 0.0001). Because of diseased radial artery grafts, 58 patients required subsequent percutaneous intervention, and 26 patients required repeat CABG. Conclusions—In patients predominantly presenting with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia after CABG, radial artery grafts have lower patency rates than left internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts. Selective use of the radial artery is warranted, particularly in women.
Convection-enhanced delivery into the rat brainstem.

OBJECT Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) can be used safely to achieve high local infusate concentrations within the brain and spinal cord. The use of CED in the brainstem has not been previously reported and may offer an alternative method for treating diffuse pontine gliomas. In the present study the authors tested CED within the rat brainstem to assess its safety and establish distribution parameters. METHODS Eighteen rats underwent stereotactic cannula placement into the pontine nucleus oralis without subsequent infusions. Twenty rats underwent stereotactic cannula placement followed by infusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran at a constant rate (0.1 microl/minute) until various total volumes of infusion (V(i)s) were reached: 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 microl. Additional rats underwent FITC-dextran infusion (V, 4 microl) and were observed for 48 hours (five animals) or 14 days (five animals). Serial (20-microm thick) brain sections were imaged using confocal microscopy with ultraviolet illumination, and the volume of distribution (Vd) was calculated using computer image analysis. Histological analysis was performed on adjacent sections. No animal exhibited a postoperative neurological deficit, and there was no histological evidence of tissue disruption. The Vd increased linearly (range 15.4-55.8 mm3) along with increasing Vi, with statistically significant correlations for all groups that were compared (p < 0.022). The Va/Vi ratio ranged from 14 to 30.9. The maximum cross-sectional area of fluorescence (range 9.8-20.9 mm2) and the craniocaudal extent of fluorescence (range 2.8-5.1 mm) increased with increasing Vi. CONCLUSIONS Convection-enhanced delivery can be safely applied to the rat brainstem with substantial and predictable V(d)s. This study provides the basis for investigating delivery of various candidate agents for the treatment of diffuse pontine gliomas.
Current Distribution and Impedance of Ring Electrode Pillar Grounding System: Quasistationary Antenna Model

Unknown current distributions (UCDs) and grounding impedance of horizontal linear ground ring electrode fed by two earthing conductors are determined in this paper. The position and shape of earthing conductors corresponds to practical realization of such system. In order to solve this problem, quasistationary antenna model of linear grounding system (LGS) is formed. Based on this model UCDs are determined by numerical solving of the system of integral equations using method of moments (MoM) and entire domain polynomial approximation for UCDs. Afterwards, the LGS impedance and electric scalar-potential (ESP) distribution at the ground surface in the pillar surrounding are determined.
Intracellular antibody receptor TRIM21 prevents fatal viral infection

Host species have evolved mechanisms that can inhibit pathogen replication even after a cell has been successfully invaded. Here we show that tripartite-motif protein 21 (TRIM21), a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets viruses inside the cytosol, protects mice against fatal viral infection. Upon infection with mouse adenovirus-1, naive mice lacking TRIM21 succumb to encephalomyelitis within 7 d. In contrast, wild-type mice rapidly up-regulate TRIM21 and control viremia. Trim21 heterozygous mice have a haploinsufficiency phenotype in which reduced TRIM21 expression leads to a viral load that is higher than wild types but lower than knockouts. TRIM21 is a high-affinity antibody receptor that allows antibodies to operate inside an infected cell. In passive transfer experiments at high viral dose, antisera that fully protects wild-type mice fails to protect most Trim21 knockout animals. These results demonstrate that TRIM21 provides potent antiviral protection and forms an important part of the humoral immune response.