Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings

Background: The clinical response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin was examined after establishing the in vitro antiviral susceptibility of the SARS associated coronavirus to a panel of antiviral agents. Methods: The in vitro susceptibility of the prototype of SARS associated coronavirus to a panel of nucleoside analogues and protease inhibitors currently licensed for clinical use was studied. Forty one patients with SARS followed for 3 weeks were treated with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin. The clinical progress and virological outcomes were monitored and compared with 111 patients treated with ribavirin only who served as historical controls. Results: In vitro antiviral activity against SARS associated coronavirus was demonstrated for lopinavir and ribavirin at concentrations of 4 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml, respectively, only at 48 hours. The adverse clinical outcome (ARDS or death) was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the historical controls (2.4% v 28.8%, p<0.001) at day 21 after the onset of symptoms. The adverse outcome remained significantly lower in the treatment group than in the controls—both those diagnosed early (p<0.001) and those diagnosed later in the course of the epidemic (p = 0.002)—but there was no significant difference in adverse outcome rates between the two time periods (p = 0.548). No time related difference in outcome was observed in the control groups. A reduction in steroid usage and nosocomial infections was seen in patients initially treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, and these patients had a decreasing viral load and rising peripheral lymphocyte count. Multivariate analysis showed that age, hepatitis B carrier status, and lack of treatment with this antiviral combination were independent predictors of an adverse outcome. Lopinavir/ritonavir treatment was associated with a better outcome even when adjusted for baseline lactate dehydrogenase level. Conclusions: The apparent favourable clinical response with lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin supports further randomised placebo controlled trials in patients with SARS.
Crown diameters of the deciduous teeth in Dominican mulatto children.

Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters of the decidious teeth were measured in a sample of 100 Mulatto children from the Dominican Republic. Mean values for mesiodistal dimensions tended to be larger in boys than girls whereas the reverse applied for buccolingual dimensions, suggesting a possible difference in tooth shape between the sexes. Incisors and canines showed greater variability in crown-size than molars, a finding consistent with observations in other populations. Data derived from odontometric studies of human populations may be applied in many areas, including genetic, anthropological and forensic investigations, as well as in clinical dentistry. Furthermore, comparisons of tooth size and variability within populations provide an insight into the control mechanisms of odontogenesis. Although many studies of permanent tooth size have been published, there are still relatively few reports relating to the deciduous dentition. This study provides data on crown size in the deciduous dentition of children from the Dominican Republic and includes reference to sexual dimorphism in the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. Study Population and Methods Dental casts were obtained of the deciduous teeth of 100 Dominican Mulatto children, aged from 3 to 5 years, from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, located in the Caribbean Archipelago. The sample, including 51 boys and 49 girls, consisted of unrelated children who were attending preschool institutions. Only children with a full complement of deciduous teeth, no restorations and no clinically detectable caries or tooth wear were included. Although it was not possible to ascertain prenatal nutritional conditions, none of the children suffered from dietary deficiencies or starvation after birth. At least 70% of the Dominican peo1Centro de Odontologia Pediatrica, P.O. Box 2753, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 2Department of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Human Biology, February 1985, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 27-31 © Wayne State University Press, 1985 This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.124 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:42:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 28 F. Garcia-Goday, M. Michelen and G. Townsend pie are Spanish-speaking Mulattos whose ancestors were Black slaves from Africa and White settlers from Spain, whilst the remaining 30% consist of Whites of European descent and Blacks. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were recorded to an accuracy of 0. 10mm using vernier calipers according to the definitions of Seipel (1946) and Moorrees et al. (1957). Double determinations of tooth measurements showed that experimental errors were small, standard deviations of a single determination (Dahlberg, 1940) ranging from 0.09mm
Effect of ultra‐strong static magnetic field on bacteria: Application of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy combined with cluster analysis and deconvolution

A new method based on Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with cluster analysis and deconvolution was established to investigate the biological effect of an ultra‐strong static magnetic field (SMF) of 10.0 T on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to characterize the spectroscopic fingerprints of these bacterial cells with or without the treatment of the SMF. After the calculation, the results of cluster analysis indicated that the SMF had significant effects on E. coli compared with S. aureus, and the effects were reflected by the changes of spectral region of 1500–1200 cm−1. The deconvolution results of this major indication region showed that the composition and conformation of nucleic acid, protein, and fatty acid of E. coli were altered under the magnetic conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 30:500–507, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multidimensional XBRL Reporting

The Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) agreed on a common reporting (COREP) and financial reporting (FINREP) frameworks which are to be adopted by supervising institutions in the member countries of the EU. Due to the amount of data that needs to be received by supervising institution from financial institutions as well as standardisation of the introduced frameworks the CEBS released two eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) taxonomies. XBRL which is addressed as the de facto standard of business reporting should introduce greater efficiency, speed and integrity which will make the European financial markets more competitive. The COREP taxonomy defines common reporting of the solvency ratio and the FINREP taxonomy serves as a common reporting framework for financial data. These initiatives take advantage of the fact that Basel II and International Accounting Standards (IAS) will require all supervisors to change their reporting requirements. Both taxonomies build up not only on the basic XBRL specification but also on XBRL Dimensional Taxonomies (XDT) specification allowing multidimensional modelling of reported data. However XDT provides multidimensional approach to data modelling is not clear, what is the relation to traditional multidimensional modelling approaches. The main focus of the conducted research is the analysis of multidimensional data modelling in XBRL compared to more traditional modelling approaches.
Toxicity and efficacy of combined radioimmunotherapy and bevacizumab in a mouse model of medullary thyroid carcinoma

Significant antitumor effects were previously observed with radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using an anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (F6) labeled with iodine‐131 in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)‐bearing nude mice. Nevertheless, no complete response was achieved. Because angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth, bevacizumab is used to treat solid tumor in clinical practice. The present pilot study evaluated toxicity and efficacy of RIT combined with bevacizumab in mice subcutaneously grafted with TT MTC cells.
Abnormalities of B cells and dendritic cells in SAMP1 mice

The age‐related changes in the function of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) were examined using a substrain of senescence‐accelerated mouse (SAMP1). In the primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), dendritic cells (DC) from aged SAMP1 mice showed less stimulatory activity than those of age‐matched BALB/c or young SAMP1 mice. In the secondary MLR, the stimulatory activity of B cells was found to be lower in aged SAMP1 mice but not in age‐matched BALB/c or young SAMP1 mice. In addition, these age‐related decreases in the stimulatory activity of APC were found to be related to changes in the surface density of major histocompatibility complex class II and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) (but not B7‐1 or B7‐2 molecule) on APC (DC and B cells).
Using Patterns to Design Rules in Workflows

In order to design workflows in changing and dynamic environments, a flexible, correct, and rapid realization of models of the activity flow is required. In particular, techniques are needed to design workflows capable of adapting themselves effectively when exceptional situations occur during process execution. The authors present an approach to flexible workflow design based on rules and patterns developed in the framework of the WIDE project. Rules allow a high degree of flexibility during workflow design by modeling exceptional aspects of the workflow separately from the main activity flow. Patterns model frequently occurring exceptional situations in a generalized way by providing the designer with skeletons of rules and suggestions about their instantiation, together with indications on relationships with other rules, with the activity flow, and with related information. Pattern based design relies on a pattern catalog containing patterns to be reused and on a formal basis for specializing and instantiating available patterns.
Heterogeneous metasomatism in cumulate xenoliths from theSpanish Central System: implications for percolative fractionalcrystallization of lamprophyric melts

The alkaline lamprophyres and diabases from the Spanish Central System carry a heterogeneous suite of xenoliths including a group of highly altered ultramafic pyroxenites that contain Cr–Mg-rich high-T hydrous minerals (Ti-phlogopite and pargasitic to kaersutitic amphibole), indicative of modal metasomatism. The trace element mineral compositions of these xenoliths show three patterns: type A xenoliths, with light rare earth element enriched clinopyroxenes with high field strength element (HFSE) negative anomalies; type B xenoliths, with clinopyroxenes and amphiboles with high incompatible trace element contents (large ion lithophile elements (LILE), HFSE and REE); type C xenoliths, with relatively REE- and HFSE-poor clinopyroxenes and amphiboles. These metasomatic signatures suggest the involvement of three different metasomatic agents: carbonate, silicate and hydrous fluids or melts, respectively. These agents could have been derived from the progressive differentiation of a CO2–H2O-rich highly alkaline magma, genetically related to the Late Permian alkaline magmatism. Because of the original sub-alkaline nature of the pyroxenite xenoliths, theymight have been formed originally as pyroxene-rich cumulates associated with underplated Hercynian calc-alkaline basic magmas. Metasomatism as a result of the infiltration of alkalinemagmaswithin these cumulatesmight explain the relatively high radiogenic Nd composition of the altered ultramafic xenoliths.
Personality Disorders in Brazilian Homeless Compared with Non-Psychiatric and Psychiatric Patients

Personality disorders are regarded as conditions that involve a maladaptive personality functioning. Homelessness is a worldly debated phenomenon. The present study aimed to understand the situation of homelessness related to the health sector, instead of considering it only as a social or economic problem. Research was conducted with three different groups, male and female, living in a Metropolitan area of Southeast Brazil, the first composed of 71 homeless people; the second, 74 psychiatric patients; and the third, 250 college students that completed the Personality Disorders Dimensional Inventory (IDTP). A logit regression model and ROC curve were used to analyse data. Results showed that homeless people scored higher in all dimensions, especially Antisocial and Schizotypal, compared with the other groups. Although the number of participants was reduced to only one part of the country, as well as the correlational design preventing clearer causal inferences, the results of this research call the attention for the need of new investigations to homeless people’s mental health, aiming to focus on public health policies that could deal with the problem.
Decomposition of chestnut litterfall and eight-year soil chemical changes under a no-tillage management system in Northern Portugal

Abstract• Chestnut stands (Castanea sativa Mill.) for fruit production, in Northern Portugal, are subjected to frequent soil tillage operations, which is considered a threat for the system sustainability. • The effects of replacement of conventional tillage by the no-tillage system in chestnut stands on decomposition and nutrient dynamics of leaf litter and burs were evaluated, using the litterbag methodology. Amounts of mass and nutrients in the organic layers, and chemical characteristics of the 0–20 cm top soil layer were assessed after eight years. • The mass loss and release of N, P, Ca and Mg from both leaves and burs buried in the soil were faster than from those placed on the soil surface. Burs decomposed and released nutrients more slowly than leaf litter. The no-tillage system led to the formation of organic layers, which retained great amounts of N (249.2 kg ha−1) and Ca (215.5 kg ha−1). Such a management system increased the concentration of organic C and nutrients in the 0–5 cm top soil layer, but significant differences were only observed for exchangeable Ca. • The no-tillage system may enhance organic C accumulation regarding the conventional system, due to the increment in both organic and mineral soil layers. Résumé• Les peuplements de châtaignier (Castanea sativa Mill.) pour la production de fruits dans le Nord du Portugal font l’objet de fréquentes opérations de labour, qui sont considérées comme une menace pour un système de gestion durable. • Les effets de remplacement du labour traditionnel par un système sans labour dans les peuplements de châtaignier sur la décomposition et la dynamique des nutriments des feuilles de la litière et des bogues, ont été évalués en utilisant la technique des sacs à litière. La masse totale des nutriments dans les strates organiques et les caractéristiques chimiques de la partie supérieure (0–20 cm) du sol ont été estimées au bout de huit ans. • La perte de masse et la libération de N, P, Ca et Mg provenant des feuilles et des bogues enfouies dans le sol ont été plus rapides que dans le cas de feuilles et bogues placées à la surface du sol. Les bogues se décomposent et libèrent des nutriments plus lentement que les feuilles de la litière. Le système d’absence de labour a conduit à la formation de strates organiques, qui retiennent une grande quantité de N (249,2Kg ha−1) et de Ca (215,5 kg ha−1). Un tel système de gestion a accru la concentration en C organique et en nutriments dans la strate de la partie supérieure du sol (0–5cm), mais des différences significatives ont été observées seulement pour le Ca échangeable. • Le système sans labour peut accroître l’accumulation de C organique par rapport au système traditionnel à cause de l’accroissement dans les deux strates organique et minérale.
Indole-3-carbinol suppresses NF-κB and IκBα kinase activation, causing inhibition of expression of NF-κB-regulated antiapoptotic and metastatic gene products and enhancement of apoptosis in myeloid and leukemia cells

Indole-3-carbinol, found in Brassica species vegetables (such as cabbage, cauliflower, and brussels spouts), exhibits antitumor effects through poorly defined mechanisms. Because several genes that regulate apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis are regulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), we postulated that indole-3-carbinol must mediate its activity through NF-κB modulation. We demonstrated that indole-3-carbinol suppressed constitutive NF-κB activation and activation induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cigarette smoke; the suppression was not cell type specific, because activation was inhibited in myeloid, leukemia, and epithelial cells. This activation correlated with the sequential suppression of the IκBα kinase, IκBα phosphorylation, IκBα ubiquitination, IκBα degradation, p65 phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation, p65 acetylation, and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression. The NF-κB-regulated gene products cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), survivin, inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein-1 (IAP1), IAP2, X chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP), Bcl-2, Bfl-1/A1, TNF receptor-associated factor-1 (TRAF1), and Fas-associated death domain protein-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (FLIP) were all down-regulated by indole-3-carbinol. This down-regulation led to the potentiation of apoptosis induced by cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents. Indole-3-carbinol suppressed constitutive NF-κB activation in mononuclear cells derived from bone marrow of acute myelogenous leukemia patients, and this correlated with inhibition of cell growth. Overall, our results indicated that indole-3-carbinol inhibits NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene expression and that this mechanism may provide the molecular basis for its ability to suppress tumorigenesis. (Blood. 2005;106:641-649)
A two-step treatment strategy trial in patients with early arthritis aimed at achieving remission: the IMPROVED study

Objectives To assess which treatment strategy is most effective in inducing remission in early (rheumatoid) arthritis. Methods 610 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA 2010 criteria) or undifferentiated arthritis (UA) started treatment with methotrexate (MTX) and a tapered high dose of prednisone. Patients in early remission (Disease Activity Score <1.6 after 4 months) tapered prednisone to zero and those with persistent remission after 8 months, tapered and stopped MTX. Patients not in early remission were randomised to receive either MTX plus hydroxychloroquine plus sulfasalazine plus low-dose prednisone (arm 1) or to MTX plus adalimumab (ADA) (arm 2). If remission was present after 8 months both arms tapered to MTX monotherapy; if not, arm 1 changed to MTX plus ADA and arm 2 increased the dose of ADA. Remission rates and functional and radiological outcomes were compared between arms and between patients with RA and those with UA. Results 375/610 (61%) patients achieved early remission. After 1 year 68% of those were in remission and 32% in drug-free remission. Of the randomised patients, 25% in arm 1 and 41% in arm 2 achieved remission at year 1 (p<0.01). Outcomes were comparable between patients with RA and those with UA. Conclusions Initial MTX and prednisone resulted in early remission in 61% of patients with early (rheumatoid) arthritis. Of those, 68% were in remission and 32% were in drug-free remission after 1 year. In patients not in early remission, earlier introduction of ADA resulted in more remission at year 1 than first treating with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug combination therapy plus prednisone.
Role and specificity of T-cell subsets in spontaneous recovery from Friend virus-induced leukemia in mice

Spontaneous recovery from Friend virus complex-induced leukemic splenomegaly in H-2Db/b mice correlated with the appearance of Friend virus complex-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) detectable directly in spleen cell populations. By testing CTL on target cells containing expression vectors encoding individual retroviral structural proteins, the main viral protein recognized was shown to be the Friend murine leukemia helper virus envelope glycoprotein. In vivo depletion of CD8-positive T cells drastically reduced the incidence of recovery, providing direct evidence for the role of CD8-positive CTL in the spontaneous recovery process. In vivo depletion of CD4-positive cells had little effect on the early stages of recovery but did cause a marked reduction in the final incidence of recovery at 60 to 90 days. Thus, CD8-positive cells were required for the initiation of the recovery process, whereas CD4-positive cells appeared to be required for maintenance of the recovered status.
Editorial: vedolizumab as a treatment and cause of extra‐intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease

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Use and Adoption Challenges of Wearable Activity Trackers

Wearable activity trackers are becoming widely adopted, yet challenges continue to exist in effective longterm use and adoption. Existing research focuses mostly on the use and adoption challenges associated with technicalor device-related issues and respective workaround strategies. Little is known about how personal preferences and other individual characteristics affect use and adoption of wearable activity trackers. In this paper, we present a six-week user study of 26 users using physical activity trackers embedded in clip-on and smart watch physical devices. We describe novel implications of the usage patterns, including the need to help people be mindful of their physical activity trackers, to understand and further articulate gender differences in use and adoption of wearable devices, to incorporate big data analytics in informing and coaching people’s practices, and to reframe data inaccuracy as a byproduct of mismanagement of expectations of the device’s capabilities and its expected usage.