Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Research on Cogging Torque of PM Synchronous Motors Considering Manufacturing Tolerances

This paper investigates the cogging torque caused by manufacturing tolerances through analytical, finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental methods. Based on experiments, it is found that the stator and rotor tolerances of PM motor generate low-frequency components of cogging torque, such as the multiples of rotor pole and stator slot numbers. First, analytical calculation is used to find out the frequency spectrum components of the cogging torque. Then, FEA is used to confirm the analytical results and to determine which tolerances play dominant role on causing these components. Furthermore, the sensitivities of the key tolerances are illustrated. These can provide the designer a direction to design a motor with low sensitivity to tolerances. Because the tolerances of stator and rotor stacks are from stamping die, these tolerances are almost constant. A simple manufacturing method, i.e., rotation lamination, is proposed to manufacture the improved stator and rotor stacks. After using the proposed method, the effects of stator and rotor tolerances are individually validated through experiments.
A Zero Effect Explains Deviations from Expected Utility in Allais-type Tasks

This article tests the predictions of expected utility theory and of several of its most prominent alternatives and assesses their ability to explain behavior in Allais-type tasks. We nd that, given a transparent presentation, expected utility theory performs surprisingly well, and that the alternative theories perform poorly except inasmuch as they make the same predictions as expected utility theory. We also contribute to methodology, and study the consequences of using hypothetical versus real incentives. Although hypothetical incentives do not aect compliance with expected utility, they have a large eect on attitude toward risk.
Cyclin D1 as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Mantle Cell Lymphoma in Skin Biopsies: A Case Report

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an uncommon and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, typically involves lymph nodes. It usually only secondarily involves extranodal sites. We describe an unusual case of a MCL that presented and relapsed in the earlobes. Light microscopic findings were initially regarded as suggestive of small lymphocytic lymphoma, although subsequent analysis of fresh tissue by flow cytometry led to the diagnosis of MCL. Retrospective application of a broad panel of recently developed markers suitable for analysis of routinely processed tissue yielded results that also permitted a diagnosis of MCL. If these results had been available at the time of initial presentation, they would have obviated the need for rebiopsy. Greater awareness not only of the phenotypic criteria by which lymphomas are classified but of the lymphoma markers available for evaluation of routinely processed tissue should facilitate the accurate diagnosis of diseases like MCL and minimize the risk of misdiagnosis as an indolent disorder.
CSO BOLOCAM 1.1 mm CONTINUUM MAPPING OF THE BRAID NEBULA STAR FORMATION REGION IN CYGNUS OB7

We present a 1.1 mm map of the Braid Nebula star formation region in Cygnus OB7 taken using Bolocam on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. Within the 1 deg2 covered by the map, we have detected 55 cold dust clumps all of which are new detections. A number of these clumps are coincident with IRAS point sources although the majority are not. Some of the previously studied optical/near-IR sources are detected at 1.1 mm. We estimate total dust/gas masses for the 55 clumps together with peak visual extinctions. We conclude that over the whole region, approximately 20% of the clumps are associated with IRAS sources suggesting that these are protostellar objects. The remaining 80% are classed as starless clumps. In addition, both FU Orionis (FUor) like objects in the field, the Braid Star and HH 381 IRS, are associated with strong millimeter emission. This implies that FUor eruptions can occur at very early stages of pre-main-sequence life. Finally, we determine that the cumulative clump mass function for the region is very similar to that found in both the Perseus and ρ Ophiuchus star-forming regions.
Reassessment of Diversification Effects in U.S. Bank Holding Companies: A Quantile Regression Approach

Heterogeneous patterns of the diversification effects are identified across the full distributions of various risk-adjusted performance measures and over time using a quantile regression of U.S. bank holding company data for the period 2000-2010. The net effect of income diversification is determined by a positive indirect effect from a diversified income structure and a negative direct effect from an increased share of non-interest income. The first main empirical finding shows a greater discount in the upper quantiles of the performance distributions. Second, the net diversification effect changes from a discount to a premium over time. These findings suggest that the diversification discount reflects a loss of comparative advantage at the early adjustment stage of income diversification. However, after the costly adjustment, the diversification benefit becomes dominant and the net effect becomes a diversification premium.
Changes in protein synthesis pattern during in vitro maturation of goat oocytes

The regulation of meiotic events of goat oocytes from prophase I to metaphase II was studied by inhibiting protein synthesis at different times of the transition and by analyzing the changes in the protein synthesis pattern during maturation. Protein synthesis was required for germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Nevertheless, the concomitant event to the rupture of germinal vesicle, i.e., chromosome condensation, took place even in a cycloheximide‐containing medium. The transition from metaphase I to metaphase II was also protein synthesis dependent as evidenced by experiments using this protein synthesis inhibitor. The inhibition was partly reversible, i.e., after removal of the drug, oocytes were able to progress until metaphase I but could not proceed beyond this stage. Changes in the protein synthesis pattern were studied by radiolabelling of oocytes with [35S]methionine. These changes were correlated with the nuclear status of the oocyte: At GVBD, a polypeptide of 25 kD disappeared, while one of 27 kD appeared. At the same time, a polypeptide of 33 kD appeared, whereas concomitantly one of 34 kD became barely detectable and finally disappeared as the maturation progressed. During maturation, the synthesis of a 67 kD polypeptide increased and became predominant at the end of the maturation process. The synthesis of actin decreased after 18 hr of culture from a very high to a low level of synthesis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Novel Method for Predicting Disease-Associated LncRNA-MiRNA Pairs Based on the Higher-Order Orthogonal Iteration

A lot of research studies have shown that many complex human diseases are associated not only with microRNAs (miRNAs) but also with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, most of the current existing studies focus on the prediction of disease-related miRNAs or lncRNAs, and to our knowledge, until now, there are few literature studies reported to pay attention to the study of impact of miRNA-lncRNA pairs on diseases, although more and more studies have shown that both lncRNAs and miRNAs play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation during the recent years. The identification of disease-related genes provides great insight into the underlying pathogenesis of diseases at a system level. In this study, a novel model called PADLMHOOI was proposed to predict potential associations between diseases and lncRNA-miRNA pairs based on the higher-order orthogonal iteration, and in order to evaluate its prediction performance, the global and local LOOCV were implemented, respectively, and simulation results demonstrated that PADLMHOOI could achieve reliable AUCs of 0.9545 and 0.8874 in global and local LOOCV separately. Moreover, case studies further demonstrated the effectiveness of PADLMHOOI to infer unknown disease-related lncRNA-miRNA pairs.
Quality control of buffy coat removed red cell concentrates – a Croatian experience

Results are presented of the statistical quality control of red cell concentrate buffy coat removed in additive solution (RCC/BC/AS) and red cell concentrate buffy coat removed and leucoreduced in additive solution (RCC/BC/LR/AS) produced at the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine during an 8‐year period (2005–2012). The aim was to assess quality conformity of these products with specified requirements, as well as the suitability and justification of current regulations on the minimal quality requirements.
Differential inflammatory mediator response in vitro from murine macrophages to lactobacilli and pathogenic intestinal bacteria

Chronic active colitis (including inflammatory bowel disease – IBD) is maintained by a variety of pro‐inflammatory mediators. Certain intestinal bacterial strains may induce colitis, whereas some strains (e.g. Lactobacillus spp.) show a protective effect in colitis owing to their anti‐inflammatory activity. In this study, we have examined the production of selected inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of haeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) by murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated in vitro by the intestinal bacterial strains, isolated from mice with colitis. Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus reuteri, L. johnsonii, L. animalis/murinus) and two potentially pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) induced the production of substantial amounts of cytokines with a strain specific profile. Despite some interstrain differences, all lactobacilli induced production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐10high, IL‐6low, IL‐12p70low). Conversely, E. faecalis and E. coli induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐12p70), the cytokines essential for chronic IBD. Macrophages released comparably substantial amounts of ROS in response to all Lactobacillus strains tested, while E. coli and E. faecalis ability to induce generation of ROS was negligible. In contrast to ROS, the production of NO/NO2− by macrophages activated with all bacterial strains tested was similar. Moreover, for the first time, it has been shown that intestinal bacteria differed in their ability to induce expression of HO‐1, a stress‐inducible enzyme with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. The beneficial immunoregulatory properties of candidate probiotic bacteria for the treatment of IBD are discussed.
Long-term results of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the noncirrhotic liver.

HYPOTHESIS In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who do not have cirrhosis, the clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term postresectional outcomes must be clarified and liver transplantation may also have a role in future treatment strategy. DESIGN Case series. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 52.4 (33.8) months. SETTING A tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS From a prospective database, 445 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatectomy were classified into 2 groups-those without cirrhosis (n = 223) and those with cirrhosis (n = 222). Clinicopathologic factors and postresectional outcomes were compared between these groups based on the new American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer TNM (sixth edition) staging system and the patient selection criteria for undergoing transplantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postresectional disease-free and overall survival rates. RESULTS Compared with patients with cirrhosis, patients without cirrhosis were younger, had a lower rate of viral hepatitis type C infection, and had more advanced TNM stage III disease. Also more of the patients who did not have cirrhosis had undergone major resection. The tumor recurrence rate was significantly lower in the noncirrhotic group than in the cirrhotic group (59.5% vs 69.5%, P =.03). The 5- and 10-year disease-free and overall survival rates of the noncirrhotic group were 36.8% and 25.7%, and 53.0% and 36.9%, respectively. The survival of the members of the noncirrhotic group was better than the survival of the members of the cirrhotic group for patients with early stage (TNM stage I or transplantable) diseases. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates in patients without cirrhosis with transplantable diseases were 54.8% and 70.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In early stage diseases, patients without cirrhosis had significantly better survival rates than patients with cirrhosis. For a small hepatocellular carcinoma originating in a noncirrhotic liver, hepatic resection is a reasonable first-line treatment. Liver transplantation can be reserved as salvage treatment for patients with recurrent disease after hepatic resection.
Photosynthesis and State Transitions in Mitochondrial Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Affected in Respiration1

Photosynthetic activities were analyzed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondrial mutants affected in different complexes (I, III, IV, I + III, and I + IV) of the respiratory chain. Oxygen evolution curves showed a positive relationship between the apparent yield of photosynthetic linear electron transport and the number of active proton-pumping sites in mitochondria. Although no significant alterations of the quantitative relationships between major photosynthetic complexes were found in the mutants, 77 K fluorescence spectra showed a preferential excitation of photosystem I (PSI) compared with wild type, which was indicative of a shift toward state 2. This effect was correlated with high levels of phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II polypeptides, indicating the preferential association of light-harvesting complex II with PSI. The transition to state 1 occurred in untreated wild-type cells exposed to PSI light or in 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylureatreated cells exposed to white light. In mutants of the cytochrome pathway and in double mutants, this transition was only observed in white light in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. This suggests higher rates of nonphotochemical plastoquinone reduction through the chlororespiratory pathway, which was confirmed by measurements of the complementary area above the fluorescence induction curve in dark-adapted cells. Photo-acoustic measurements of energy storage by PSI showed a stimulation of PSI-driven cyclic electron flow in the most affected mutants. The present results demonstrate that in C. reinhardtii mutants, permanent defects in the mitochondrial electron transport chain stabilize state 2, which favors cyclic over linear electron transport in the chloroplast.
Localization of the 5-HT1A receptor in lipid microdomains depends on its palmitoylation and is involved in receptor-mediated signalling

In the present study we have utilized wild-type and palmitoylation-deficient 5-HT1A receptors fused to the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) as well as cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-tagged alpha i3 -subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein to study spatio-temporal distribution of the 5-HT1A-mediated signaling in living cells. We also addressed the question on the molecular mechanisms by which receptor palmitoylation may regulate communication between receptors and G i -proteins. Our data demonstrate that activation of the 5-HT1A receptor caused a partial release of Galpha i protein into the cytoplasm and that this translocation is accompanied by significant increase of the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration. In contrast, acylation-deficient 5-HT1A mutants failed to reproduce both Galpha i3 -CFP relocation as well as changes in [Ca 2+ ] i upon agonist stimulation. By using gradient centrifugation and co-patching assays, we also demonstrate that a significant fraction of the 5-HT1A receptor resides in membrane rafts, while the yield of the palmitoylation-deficient receptor in these membrane microdomains is considerably reduced. Our results suggest that receptor palmitoylation serves as a targeting signal responsible for the retention of the 5-HT1A receptor in membrane rafts. More importantly, the raft localization of the 5-HT1A receptor appears to be involved in receptor-mediated signaling.
miR-200a targets Gelsolin: A novel mechanism regulating secretion of microvesicles in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Microvesicle biogenesis is a highly regulated process. Aberrant release of microvesicles from cancer cells have been associated with their invasiveness and prognosis. However, the mechanism of aberrant release remains poorly understood. Herein, we found that hepatocellular carcinoma cells shed more microvesicles than normal hepatocytes and miR-200a were shown to inhibit the release of microvesicles in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Then, we confirmed that miR-200a might target Gelsolin and change cytoskeleton to regulate microvesicles secretion. Further miR-200a may inhibit the proliferation of adjacent cells by inhibiting the release of microvesicles. Collectively, our findings indicate that miR-200a regulated the microvesicle biogenesis involved in the hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
Exploring the Complexity of the Academic Fieldwork Coordinator Role

ABSTRACT A nation-wide survey was conducted of occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant academic fieldwork coordinators (AFWCs) to describe demographic characteristics and tasks of the role. From the data, 10 clusters of role tasks of the AFWC are described. AFWCs view the position as a final career goal although the majority of respondents reported 5 years or less experience. Administrative assistant support and hours dedicated to fieldwork tasks are higher at the professional level than for occupational therapy assistant AFWCs. AFWCs reported difficulty accomplishing tasks in a 40-h work week and limited time for research and scholarship. Recommendations are provided for recruitment and retention through development of a systematic training program and establishment of a national fieldwork education research agenda.
Conservatism and Pensions: Why Accounting Matters

Pension accounting is anything but conservative since earnings can be protected from actuarial gains and losses. This paper shows that therefore conservatism measures based on models of the asymmetric relationship between earnings and positive versus negative stock returns are biased downwards. This is because unrecognized actuarial gains and losses are reflected in returns and are also asymmetric. The pension effect can be documented and corrected by adjusting earnings or by extending conservatism models. This finding offers a partial explanation of why large firms are less conservative since firm size and having defined benefit plans are positively correlated. Furthermore, extending conservatism models with dummy interaction terms can be used to parsimoniously estimate a firm-year measure of conservatism which takes the pension and possible other effects into account.
Linezolid vancomycin resistant Enterococcus isolated from clinical samples in Tehran hospitals.

BACKGROUND Vancomycin-resistant enterococci pose an emerging health risk. The limitation in therapeutic options has resulted in the development of new drugs such as quinupristin/ dalfopristin and linezolid. AIM, SETTING AND DESIGN: This study investigated the species prevalence and antibacterial resistance among enterococci isolated in selected Tehran hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 2006 and August 2007, 200 enterococcal isolates from urine, blood, stool and wound were recovered in 2 teaching hospitals of Tehran province. Susceptibility of all isolates was tested against vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid antibiotics by disk diffusion and agar dilution method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Seventeen (8.5%), 6 (3%) and 4 (2%) of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid, respectively. Within the vancomycin-resistant isolates, 6 (35.2%), 4 (25%) and 1 (5.88%) showed vanA, vanB and vanC genotype patterns, respectively. Four (23.5%) of VRE isolates were resistant to linezolid with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 16 and 32 microg/mL. Two linezolid vancomycin resistant enterococci were E. faecium.
Discussion Of Economically Optimal Performance Evaluation And Control-Systems

A remark was made at a doctoral consortium not long ago that the cost variance investigation problem had been essentially put to rest by Kaplan [1969] in his oft-cited article. Borrowing a Bayesian operator from Girshick and Rubin [1952], Kaplan cast the cost controller in the role of a player in a game against nature and an opposing player whose strategy was fixed by a known transition function. Extensions based on Ross [1971] allowed for revisions of the process without investigation (e.g., Hughes [1975]) and allowed the transition function to be uncertain with information about the process acquired by state investigations used to improve prior estimates of that transition function (e.g., Magee [1977]). However, the concept of cost variances or subsequent state investigations relating to the incentives of individuals who are delegated production decisions adds an entirely new dimension to the problem. The game now has two players, including an agent who makes production decisions and a principal who sets the agent's compensation and receives the residual payoff from the production that ensues. Costs in this setting provide signals on both random states of nature and the agent's actions. Consideration of state investigation now involves anticipating a response by the agent to the prospect of having his actions revealed, given that those actions may be only partially observable from costs or other outputs. Thus, the opposing player's strategy is determined endogenously rather than being given exogenously as before, thereby significantly enriching the problem as well as complicating it. Relying on an analysis inspired by Harris and Raviv [1978], Demski and Feltham [1978] reconsidered cost control problems in settings where
WHAT WORKS IN CHARACTER EDUCATION

Despite the rapidly growing interest in and implementation of character education, broadly defined, there is no extensive review of the research base for effective practice. With federal, state, and local governments investing heavily in educational practices intended to foster the development of character in pre-K-12 grade students, it is imperative that theorists, curriculum developers, educators, teachers, and researchers know if character education achieves its goals, and if so what it achieves and how. Toward this end, a review of existing research was conducted to answer these three questions. Thirty-three effective programs were identified and the 64 empirical studies plus 5 meta-analyses and literature reviews of those programs were examined to identify the most common effects of such educational interventions and the most common shared practices of those programs. Character education can work when implemented with fidelity and broadly, and has a very robust impact. Effective character education tends to include: professional development; student interactive pedagogical strategies; an explicit focus on character/ethics; direct training of social and emotional competencies; modeling of character; aligned classroom/behavior management strategies; and community service and/ or service learning. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research based on what is and is not currently known about effective practice in character education.