Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phobia, Anxiety, and Depression

The first objective of this presentation is to re-examine and re-evaluate the conventional psychoanalytic attitude ivliich holds that phobias are a manifestation of hysteria. In order to do this, it is necessary first to review our present-day views about anxiety, since the forerunner of the phobia is the anxiety attack. Phobic symptom formation, its specific qualities, characteristics, and functions are then described, in order to determine whether phobias can be tied to any diagnostic category. T h e final section of this paper concerns some speculations arising from a comparison of the anxious and the depressed patient. A phobia is a special variety of neurotic fear. The anxiety in the phobias is bound and fixed to certain specific conditions. By avoiding the anxiety-provoking situations, the phobic patient attempts to avoid the severe anxiety attack which preceded and led to the formation of the phobia. A phobia is a defense against anxiety. One form of anxiety is used defensively against another. Apparently, anxiety which is linked and tied to certain circumstances and conditions is more controllable and therefore less frightening than free-floating anxiety. Phobias may arise suddenly or gradually, may fluctuate considerably in intensity, or remain relatively rigid and chronic. They may occur singly, although that is rare and usually a morbid indication. Ordinarily, there are constellations of phobias: major ones and minor ones, early ones and later editions or derivatives, often arranged defensively around some primary and central phobia. There are phobic attitudes when phobic reactions influence character formation and one can speak of phobic character
Overcoming artefact: anticipation in 284 Portuguese kindreds with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) ATTRV30M

Background Early-onset (≤40 years) and later-onset (≥50 years) cases of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) ATTRV30M are not different entities, often coexisting in the same family, and showing anticipation (earlier age-at-onset (AO) in younger generations, usually associated with more severe phenotype). Historically, anticipation has been ascribed to ascertainment biases. Our aim was to study anticipation in a very large number of FAP kindreds, removing possible biases, and gain further insight into parent-of-origin effects. Methods We analysed 926 parent-offspring pairs (from the Unidade Clínica de Paramiloidose roster, collected in 70 years), both clinically observed and had well-established AO, correcting for intrafamilial correlations. Results Women had a significantly higher AO, either for daughters (mean: 33.70, SD: 6.84) vs sons (29.43, 6.08); or mothers (39.57, 11.75) vs fathers (35.62, 11.62). Also, 291 pairs showed marked anticipation (≥10 years); the transmitting parent was the mother in 203 pairs. Mother-son pairs showed larger anticipation (10.43, 9.34), while father-daughter pairs showed only a residual anticipation (1.23, 9.77). Gender of offspring and parents was highly significant (with no interaction). To remove possible biases, we repeated analyses: (1) excluding the proband; (2) removing pairs with simultaneous onset; and (3) excluding offspring born after 1960. Anticipation was found in all subsamples, with the same trend for a parent-of-origin effect. Noteworthy, parents with AO ≤40 years never had offspring with AO ≥50. Conclusions These findings confirm anticipation as a true biological phenomenon, also in FAP ATTRV30M. Acknowledgment of anticipation may have important clinical implications in genetic counselling of offspring and in follow-up of mutation carriers.
Operating Systems Techniques for Parallel Computation in Intelligent Memory

Advances in DRAM density have led to several proposals to perform computation in memory [1] [2] [3]. Active Pages is a page-based model of intelligent memory that can exploit large amounts of parallel computation in data-intensive applications. With a simple VLIW processor embedded near each page on DRAM, Active Page memory systems achieve up to 1000X speedups over conventional memory systems [4]. Active Pages are specifically designed to support virtualized hardware resources. In this study, we examine operating system techniques that allow Active Page memories to share, or multiplex, embedded VLIW processors across multiple physical Active Pages. We explore the trade-off between individual page-processor performance and page-level multiplexing. We find that hardware costs of computational logic can be reduced from 31% of DRAM chip area to 12%, through multiplexing, without significant loss in performance. Furthermore, manufacturing defects that disable up to 50% of the page processors can be tolerated through efficient resource allocation and associative multiplexing.
Building a reordering system using tree-to-string hierarchical model

This paper describes our submission to the First Workshop on Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation. We have decided to build a reordering system based on tree-tostring model, using only publicly available tools to accomplish this task. With the provided training data we have built a translation model using Moses toolkit, and then we applied a chart decoder, implemented in Moses, to reorder the sentences. Even though our submission only covered English-Farsi language pair, we believe that the approach itself should work regardless of the choice of the languages, so we have also carried out the experiments for English-Italian and English-Urdu. For these language pairs we have noticed a significant improvement over the baseline in BLEU, Kendall-Tau and Hamming metrics. A detailed description is given, so that everyone can reproduce our results. Also, some possible directions for further improvements are discussed.
Altered arachidonic acid biosynthesis and antioxidant protection mechanisms in Schwann cells grown in elevated glucose

In cultured Schwann cells, elevated glucose induces alterations in arachidonic acid metabolism that cause a decrease in the content of glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl‐containing molecular species (ACMS). This could result from decreased de novo arachidonic acid biosynthesis, or increased arachidonic acid release from phospholipids. Incorporation of radioactive 8,11,14‐eicosatrienoic acid into ACMS was lower for cells grown in 30 mm versus 5 mm glucose, consistent with a decrease in Δ5 desaturase activity. However, neither basal arachidonic acid release from prelabeled cells nor stimulated generation of arachidonic acid in the presence of the reacylation inhibitor, thimerosal, the phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, bipyridyl peroxovanadium, or both together, were altered by varying the glucose concentrations, indicating that arachidonic acid turnover did not contribute to ACMS depletion. Free cytosolic NAD+/NADH decreased, whereas NADP+/NADPH remained unchanged for cells grown in elevated glucose, implying that decreased desaturase activity is a result of metabolic changes other than cofactor availability. Schwann cells in elevated glucose were susceptible to oxidative stress, as shown by increased malondialdehyde, depleted glutathione levels, and reduced cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity. Glutathione‐altering compounds had no effect on ACMS levels, in contrast to N‐acetylcysteine and α‐lipoic acid, which partly corrected ACMS depletion in phosphatidylcholine. These findings suggest that in the Schwann cell cultures, a high glucose level elicits oxidative stress and weakens antioxidant protection mechanisms which could decrease arachidonic acid biosynthesis and that this deficit can be partly corrected by treatment with exogenous antioxidants.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Diabetes Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Following fast increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Iranians, diabetes self-care activities are important. This cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding diabetes among 100 Iranian type 2 diabetics (61 female, 39 male) aged between 37 to 66 years, attending the out-patient Diabetes Clinic at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. A face-to-face interview was done and a validated knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire was used to determine knowledge, attitude and practices of diabetes patients. The mean duration of diabetes among patients was 4.05 ± 1.4 years. Fifty three percent of patients had good glycemic control (HbA1c level (=<7%)). The results showed that attitude related to diabetes was acceptable in the majority; while knowledge and self-care practices were insufficient. The overall mean (± SD) score of the knowledge, attitude and practice of patients based on KAP questionnaire was in medium level (17.37± 2.23) in which total maximum possible score was 29. KAP score was low for 9 % of patients. There was significant association between low level of education (primary) or not having formal education with poor KAP score about diabetes compare to higher level of education [illiterate: OR=2.6, 95% CI= (0.23-30.80), primary: OR=0.23, 95% CI= (0.43-1.27), P<0.05]. While there was no significant association between the KAP scores and HbA1c level. As the consequence of low awareness of diabetes among patients affects their ability of self-care management and lead to negative impact on outcome of diabetes. Patients need to be educated on how to prevent diabetes complications. Health care providers should promote self-care activities in the process of diabetes education.
A fertility transition in Sub-Saharan Africa?

This paper documents and summarizes data on the recent fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa and reviews the critical theoretical, methodological, and policy issues and controversies that the African situation provokes. After an introduction, African fertility change for the period 1960-94 is described through a discussion of fertility trends and of the proximate determinants of the fertility change. This discussion is illustrated with tables on the total fertility rate for countries of sub-Saharan Africa for the periods 1975-85 and 1986-93, and total fertility rates for countries participating in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for the periods 0-3 and 4-7 years prior to the survey. Figures show maps of Africa displaying total fertility rates in sub-Saharan Africa for 1975-85 and 1986- 93, and graphs of absolute and percentage change in total fertility rates for DHS countries between periods 0-3 and 4-7 years prior to the survey. The next section deals with theoretical issues such as whether the classic model of demographic transition is applicable to Africa and Jack Caldwell's views that cultural values make Africa different. It is seen that existing theory is of limited value in explaining the recent fertility decline in the region and that the two theories are beginning to converge to some degree. Consideration of methodological issues centers on the limited usefulness of fertility data collected by the large-scale, standardized demographic surveys to aid in the identification of patterns and processes. The discussion of policy issues is concerned with how survey data have been used and interpreted to formulate policy. The paper closes by reviewing the east Asian, South African, and Caribbean models of fertility decline and discussing problems in predicting the nature and extent of future fertility change in sub-Saharan Africa in light of recent findings.
The effect of long-term storage on quality of malting barley grain and malt Vplyv dlhodobého skladovania na kvalitu zrna sladovníckeho jačmeňa a sladu

In the grain samples of five malting barley varieties harvested in 2011, the amount of basic components as well as physiological characteristics of barley were determined. These samples were micromalted and resulting malt was analyzed mainly according to the European Brewery Convention (EBC) and the Mitteleuropäische Brautechnische Analysenkommission (MEBAK) methodologies. The same samples of malting barley grain and also samples of malt were placed in polyethylene bags, from which the air was exhausted and they were further stored at 4 °C until 2016. In 2016, grain and malt samples were subjected to the same analyses as in 2011. Results were statistically evaluated by t-test of dependent samples. Most of the monitored parameters has remained at the same level as in 2011 or has slightly improved. The exception was statistically very highly significant decrease (P ≤ 0.001) of friability and increase of amount of whole and partly unmodified grains. Under conditions described, long-term storage of malting barley grain has not significantly negatively affected its germination. Long-term storage of malt has had not a significant negative impact on its quality too.
A Brief Overview of Factors Affecting Lamb Flavor Prepared for the Lamb Industry Roadmap Product Characteristics

Meat produced by sheep of various ages has a distinctive, species-specific aroma and flavor profile that some consumers find objectionable, particularly when some of the characteristic flavor notes are overly intense. Because these flavor notes intensify as animals become older, the term “mutton flavor” is commonly used to describe the strong, objectionable flavor that can be present in ovine meat, regardless of the age of the animal from which the meat originated (Sink and Caporaso, 1977). Another distinctive flavor that can negatively affect consumer acceptance of lamb products has been identified in cooked meat of pasture-finished lambs and characterized as “pastoral flavor” (Young et al., 2003).
Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Eruca sativa

Objective: To Determine the phytochemical composition of E. sativa (stem, leaves, flowers and seeds), and evaluate their antioxidant activity. Method: Preliminary phytochemical screening for all parts of E. sativa (stem, leaves, flowers and seeds) was carried out according to standard methods. Total phenolic contents of all methanolic extracts of E. sativa, have been quantified spectrophotometrically. Hydrogen Peroxidase and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assays have been used to analyze antioxidant characteristics of all extracts of E. sativa (leaves, stem, seed, flowers and seeds). Further separation and identification of number of phenolic compounds has been carried out by Reversed- Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results: Experimental evaluation indicated that E. sativa is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents (Alkaloids, flavonoids, Diterpenes, Coumarins, polyphenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides etc). Quantification of total phenolic contents from all aerial parts revealed that they contain significant amount of phenolics particularly seeds and leaves (27.1 ± 0.2 mg, 23.07 ± 0.11GAE/g) respectively. Searation and identification of phenolics from E. sativa stem, leaves, flowers and seeds extracts through RP-HPLC showed presence of variety of important phenolics namely; Vanillin (RT=3.853), Ellagic acid (RT=4.04), Salicylic acid (RT=19.09), Resorcinol (RT=3.30), Catechol (RT=3.53), Quercetin (RT=18.91), Benzoic acid (RT=10.4), Tannic acid (RT=5.06), Kaempferol (RT=8.70) and Rutin (RT=9.2). Conclusion: Results revealed that E. sativa is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. This work also contributes significantly to support the claim about the use of this herb in folk medicines. Further investigation regarding isolation and purification of a number of phytoconstituents from leaves, stem, flowers and seeds of E. sativa may yield optimal combinations of therapeutic alternates.
Atrial Rate‐Responsive Pacing and Incidence of Sustained Atrial Arrhythmias in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Atrial rate‐responsive pacing (RRP) has proved to be safe in pacemaker recipients with chronotropic incompetence. Although RRP is available in all current implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), the outcomes of this pacing mode in ICD patients are unknown. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between atrial RRP and atrial arrhythmias in ICD recipients.
Renal Drug Clearance in Preterm Neonates: Relation to Prenatal Growth

Abstracts: Aminoglycosides and glycopeptides are almost exclusively eliminated by renal excretion. Postmenstrual age (PMA) is the best predictor of their clearance, presumably because it predicts the time course of development of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Intrauterine growth restriction has an impact on the normalized weight of the kidney, on the number of nephrons, on GFR, and on tubular function in human perinatal life. We investigated whether prenatal growth also affects clearance of drugs such as aminoglycosides or glycopeptides that are eliminated through the kidney. Observations collected in two population pharmacokinetic studies involving preterm neonates and investigating amikacin and vancomycin in the first month of postnatal life were used to estimate the impact of prenatal growth (as judged by birth weight for gestational age) on the clearance of these drugs. Data from 1212 drug measurements (vancomycin, 648; amikacin, 564) in 531 subjects (vancomycin, 249; amikacin, 282) were available for study. Neonates born small for gestational age (SGA) were found to have a 16.2% (coefficient of variation, 12.2%) reduction in drug clearance. This effect was present from birth up to the postnatal age of 4 weeks. The covariate size (weight0.75) explained 47.3% of drug clearance; PMA, 25.2%; coadministration of a nonselective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, 3.5%; renal function, 7.6%; and SGA, 1.7%. Renal drug clearance is significantly lower in preterm neonates born SGA than in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) controls. This reduced clearance was observed not only at birth but also up to the postnatal age of 4 weeks.
Organ‐preserving surgery for testicular tumours

Radical orchidectomy is considered the standard surgical approach in men with malignant testicular cancer or tumours of unknown origin [ 1 ] . However, this routine and sometimes unquestioned surgical strategy has been challenged recently by various groups in favour of organ-preserving strategies with equivalent oncological outcomes [ 1 – 9 ] . It has been shown that ≈ 10% of all radical orchidectomies are performed unnecessarily due to the benign nature of the resected testicular mass [ 10 – 13 ] . Bilateral simultaneous and metachronous testicular germ cell tumours arise in 2 – 3% of patients with germ cell tumours [ 1 ] . Bilateral orchidectomy is still recommended as the ‘ gold standard ’ of treatment resulting in infertility, life-long dependency on androgen substitution, and psychological distress due to castration at a young age. Because patients with testicular cancer are long-term survivors with modern therapeutic approaches, long-term morbidity should be omitted whenever possible. Considering the growing attention to functional issues of cancer survivorship, surgical management of primary testicular tumours has to refl ect potential long-term effects, quality-of-life issues and the potential impact on the endocrine and the exocrine function of the testis.
Explanation in historical linguistics

1. Preface (by Davis, Garry W.) 2. Event structure accounting for the emerging periphrastic tenses and the passive voice in German (by Abraham, Werner) 3. Historical explanation and historical linguistics (by Anttila, Raimo) 4. Elements of resistance in contact-induced language change (by Clements, J. Clancy) 5. Articulatory variability, categorical perception, and the inevitability of sound change (by Faber, Alice) 6. On the historical development of marked forms (by Forner, Monika) 7. On misusing similarity (by Hamp, Eric P.) 8. Reconstruction and syntactic typology: A plea for a different approach (by Hock, Hans Henrich) 9. Diachronic explanation: putting speakers back into the picture (by Joseph, Brian D.) 10. Grammatical prototypes and competing motivations in a theory of linguistic change (by Kemmer, Suzanne) 11. Understanding standards (by Klein-Andreu, Flora) 12. Rules and analogy (by Moder, Carol Lynn) 13. The development of perfect reduplication in Indo-European (by Niepokuj, Mary K.) 14. A look at the data for a global etymology: *tik 'finger' (by Salmons, Joseph C.) 15. Author index 16. Subject index 17. Language index
Some Observations on Spacing in the Normal Deciduous Dentition of 100 Indian Children from Gujarat

Plaster casts of 50 boys and 50 girls aged 3–6 years, from Gujarat, India, were studied to observe the pattern of spacing in the normal deciduous dental arches. Spaced type of dental arches were more common than closed type or ‘no spaces’ type. Spacing/no spacing appeared to behave independently between upper and lower arches and between the sexes. The amount of spacing was greater in males than in females. Bilateral anthropoid spaces did not exist as a single phenomenon. They occurred when some other spaces were also present. Anthropoid spaces were more in the upper arch than in the lower and more in males than in females. If anthropoid spaces occurred in the upper arch, they were frequently missing from the lower arch; this was observed more in females than males. Spacing on the left side was more than the right side. Spacing between the mandibular incisors was the greatest of all.
ANAPLASTIC MANDIBULAR CARCINOMA IN A MEERKAT (SURICATA SURICATTA)

Abstract: An 8-yr-old female slender-tailed meerkat (Suricata suricatta) presented with a necrotic sublingual mass and osteolysis of the mandible. After 1 mo of palliative care, the meerkat was euthanized. The mass was diagnosed histologically as an anaplastic carcinoma with extensive rostral mandibular destruction. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin and cytokeratin was validated in this nontypical species and showed that neoplastic cells expressed both mesenchymal and epithelial characteristics, suggestive of a primitive and poorly differentiated tumor. A review of 150 adult slender-tailed meerkat histopathology reports showed a 2% prevalence of orofacial neoplasia, suggesting that oral neoplasms are uncommon in meerkats.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL OPHTHALMIC ARTERIES IN THE OX.

The arterial supply to the eye and orbit has received considerable attention from anatomists over the past hundred years. In the human field brief accounts may be found in most of the standard textbooks, and more detailed descriptions are given by Meyer (1887), Whitnall (1932), Wolff (1961), Hayreh & Dass (1962a, b), and Hayreh (1962). Of the domestic and laboratory animals the vascular anatomy of this region has been described in the horse by Ellenberger & Baum (1912), in the dog by Henderson (1903), Jewell (1952), Miller (1952) and Bradley & Grahame (1959), in the cat by Davis & Story (1943), and in the rabbit by Ruskell (1962). The domestic ruminants, on the other hand, have been comparatively neglected. Text-books by Ellenberger& Baum (1912), Sisson &Grossman(1953) and Dobberstein & Koch(1961) include short descriptions of the orbital arteries of cattle, but these descriptions are of limited value because they are not accompanied by detailed illustrations. Moreover, they add little to the account by Chauveau (1891) who claimed to be the first to notice and describe the ophthalmic rete mirabile. In the histological field, a detailed study of the distribution of the ciliary arteries in cattle was carried out by Smith (1921), but this includes little topographical detail and incorrectly attributes the origin of the posterior ciliary arteries to the internal carotid artery. More recently, in their comprehensive paper on the carotid rete and associated arteries, Daniel, Dawes & Prichard (1953) described the orbital arteries of the calf, but as this description was based on the findings in one animal only, it was considered worthwhile to pursue the investigation further.