Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformational leadership and its Applications in the public service organizations of Ethiopia

In Ethiopia since 1994, to address the leadership problems that had existed in the country for many years, significant policy changes have been introduced. Under the umbrella of the CSRP, different reform initiatives like BPR, BSC, and currently building development /reform army in the public service organizations have been designed to be implemented . Public service leaders at different level advocate transformational agenda to achieve growth and transformational plan (GTP) goal by implementing these reform tools. However, the reform programs/ initiatives designed to improve the performance of public service organizations were not executed at the speed that both government and customers’ desired. Therefore, the objective of this article was to investigate challenges facing public service leaders to become transformational leaders and assesses the components of transformational leadership style that leaders of public service organizations are missing in Ethiopian case. The study was employed focusing on evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of the reform programs. The descriptive survey by using mixed method (more of quantitative and some qualitative for triangulation) research approach was applied. The categories of respondents were leaders, employees and organizational customers. Oromia region, Benshangul-Gumuz, and Addis Ababa regions were selected. Analysis of documents, interviews and responses to both open and close-ended questions were made using SPSS software. The key findings revealed that the changes in Ethiopia enabled public service organizations to create demanding society for improved services. However, leaders are not at its required level to transform their organizations and to meet these demands. Lack of setting clear vision and properly communicating are among the major problems. There is high degree of variation among managers of different levels in the areas of organizational performance. Finally, the recommended solutions, is to develop transformational leaders that can initiate system based thinking in order to realize the vision of the country. Key Words : transformational leadership, organizational performance, public service organization, civil service reform program,
Simultaneous abrasion and edge fracture resistance estimation of hard materials by the tribotesting method

Fracture toughness and wear resistance are two of the major material characteristics to take into consideration when designing tools, particularly inserts for rotary and percussion rotary drilling, inserts for mining shearer picks and rotary picks made of hardmetals (WC-Co cemented carbides). This is mainly due to the high risk of brittle fracture in tools made of these materials and due to the importance of resistance to abrasion where the contact pressure between the component and abrasive is high as in mining and rock drilling. WC-Co hardmetals are materials that combine high abrasion resistance and hardness with rather low levels of toughness as a consequence of their microstructure. Nevertheless, the main problem facing designers remains the fact that the tungsten carbide and other cermetal tools may exhibit sudden brittle fracture. Since fracture toughness is often the major limiting parameter governing the use of WC-Co drilling and cutting tools, there is a need for research aimed at increasing toughness without sacrificing wear resistance. To aid in this objective, a simple and reliable integrated testing
Large Shareholder¡¯s Identity and Stock Price Synchronicity: Evidence from a MENA Market

This paper investigates the association between large shareholder’s identity and stock price synchronicity in a country where investor protection is weak. Results show that stock prices in Jordan have synchronous behavior especially when the firm is large, consistent with previous empirical evidence on stock price behavior in low per capita GDP countries. Most of the public corporations are owned and controlled by families. In most of the family-controlled firms, the controlling family is also involved in firm’s management leading to loose separation between ownership and management. Furthermore, stock prices of family (government)-controlled firms are significantly less (more) synchronous than those of widely held corporations. The pyramid structure is the most widely used indirect control mechanism but results in little deviations between ownership and control.
Rates of nitrogen from nitric and ammoniacal sources required by upland rice genotypes originating from Brazil and Colombia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic efficiency after the use of N fertilizers in upland rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse by using pots filled with surface-layer (0 to 20 cm) soil collected from the municipality of Jaguapita, Parana. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications. A factorial scheme of 5 × 2 was used, in which the factors were 5 N rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1 N) and 2 cultivars of rice (Fedearroz Lagunas [Colombian] and IAPAR- 9 [Brazilian]). The N sources tested were ammonium sulfate (Experiment I) and calcium nitrate (Experiment II). The following variables were evaluated: number of tillers per pot (NTP), dry mass of the shoots (DMS), N content in the dry mass (NCDM), and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN). The data obtained in the experiments were evaluated using analysis of variance, and mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance for rice cultivar effects or adjusted to polynomial regression equations for N rates. Use of calcium nitrate yielded higher values of NTP, NCDM, and AEN. The cultivar Lagunas showed higher NTP, while IAPAR-9 showed higher DMS. An increase in N rates, for both sources, resulted in the increase of NTP, DMS, and NCDM; however, AEN was decreased.
The Prometheus Taxonomic Model: a practical approach to representing multiple classifications.

A model for representing taxonomic data in a flexible and dynamic system capable of handling and comparing multiple simultaneous classifications is presented. The Prometheus Taxonomic Model takes as its basis the idea that a taxon can be circumscribed by the specimens or taxa of a lower rank which are said to belong to it. In this model alternative taxon concepts are therefore represented in terms of differing circumscriptions. This provides a more objective way of expressing taxonomic concepts than purely descriptive circumscriptions have been published. Using specimens as the fundamental elements of taxon circumscription also allows for the automatic naming of taxa based upon the distribution and priority of types within each circumscription, and by application of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This approach effectively separates the process of naming taxa (nomenclature) from that of classification, and therefore enables the system to store multiple classifications. The derivation of the model, how it compares with other models, and the implications for the construction of global data sets and taxonomic working practice are discussed.
Religion in Mass Media Social Marketing Campaigns: A Paradox

Religion and mass media social marketing (MMSM) are considered major influencing factors within popular culture. Unfortunately, both researchers and practitioners of MMSM campaigns either lack religious intellect or intentionally mitigate against its logical use whilst on the other hand; empirical research into healthy behaviours indicates an efficacy between religion and desired behaviours/outcomes, however; these elements receive minimal attention from health campaign researchers and practitioners. Remarkably, other social marketing research has used different models/theories of behaviour change, some acknowledge the ‘religion’ concept and its application, yet they fail to recognise and address it as a variable during the data analysis phase. As a result, discussions about the possible intersect and/or inter-relationship of religion and MMSM is often disputed, intentionally abandoned and generally not well informed.
Ownership Concentration Affects Dividend Policy of the Brazilian Firm

OBJETIVO O objetivo do trabalho e analisar, sob o enfoque da Teoria da Agencia, se a concentracao de propriedade tem efeito na politica de dividendos da empresa brasileira. Especificamente, analisa-se a possibilidade de haver expropriacao de acionistas minoritarios atraves da reducao da distribuicao de dividendos como previsto pela hipotese expropriacao. METODOLOGIA Para um painel de dados nao balanceado, composto por 2,274 observacoes anuais de 254 empresas cotadas na BM&FBovespa, no periodo 1996-2012, modelos de politica de dividendos foram estimados pelo metodo generalizado de momentos (GMM). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSOES Os resultados indicam que a concentracao de propriedade, aproximada pela presenca de um acionista majoritario, de fato, tem efeito negativo sobre na distribuicao de dividendos. Este resultado esta de acordo com hipotese expropriacao de acionistas minoritarios por parte de acionistas controladores que podem dispor de outras formas de obtencao de retorno para seu investimento. IMPLICACOES PRATICAS O trabalho apresenta uma contribuicao adicional para a compreensao da politica de dividendos da empresa brasileira ao prover evidencia no contexto do enfoque de conflitos agencia. Efetivamente, a concentracao de propriedade parece ter um papel relevante na determinacao da politica de dividendos no Brasil, sendo este papel prejudicial para acionistas minoritarios. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Dividend Policy, Ownership Structure, Expropriation Hypothesis, Brazil. OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION AFFECTS DIVIDEND POLICY OF THE BRAZILIAN FIRM OBJECTIVE The paper aims to analyze, under the Agency Theory framework, whether ownership concentration has effects on dividend policy of the Brazilian company. Specifically, the work analyzes the possibility of expropriation of minority shareholders by reducing the dividend distribution as predicted by the expropriation hypothesis. METHODOLOGY For an unbalanced data panel, composed of 2,274 firm-year observations of 254 companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, in the period 1996-2012, dividend models were estimated by the generalized method of moments (GMM). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that ownership concentration, proxied by the presence of a major shareholder, in fact, has a negative effect on the dividend distribution. This result is in agreement with the expropriation hypothesis of minority shareholders by controlling shareholders who may have other ways of obtaining return for their investment. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The work presents an additional contribution to the understanding of the Brazilian company's dividend policy by providing evidence in the context of the agency conflicts. Indeed, the ownership concentration seems to have an important role in determining the dividend policy in Brazil, which is harmful for minority shareholders. KEYWORDS Dividend Policy; Ownership Structure; Expropriation Hypothesis; Brazil.
Achievement of Brain Training Course for the Elderly

Introduction: The first objective of this research was to verification to the effectiveness for combining brain training with rhythmic exercises for three-month brain training. In order to further prevent motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), we gave instructions to continue exercise. In order to evaluate motoric ability, we carried out the two-step test. Confirmation of the benefits of this intervention in motoric ability and the extent of the correlation between body composition and cognitive function was the second objective of this research. Methods: A screening test for mild cognitive impairment: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA test), measurement of body composition by an inner scan monitor, and motoric ability were performed by measuring two-step test. For statistical evaluation of scores before and after each cognitive test intervention, t tests were used. To test for relationships between the score of cognitive test and measured value of body composition and two-step test, Pearson ‘s correlation coefficient was used. Results: Significant improvements in cognitive function were detected after intervention, with the strongest correlating variable with the cognitive function and body composition comparisons being blood vessel age. Furthermore, there was a correlation between two-step test and cognitive function, with those subjects with high motoric ability having high cognitive function. Conclusion: Interventions that combine rhythmic exercises and brain training are effective in preventing dementia. Correlations were detected between cognitive function and vascular age, and motoric’s ability. Therefore, in order to maintain the cognitive function, it is necessary to improve the dietary life as a means of improving vascular age and perform activities to provide maintenance and improvement of motoric’s ability.
Testing the power of game lessons: The effects of art style and narrative complexity on reducing cognitive bias

Educational games have generated attention for their potential to teach more successfully and with longer-lasting outcomes than traditional teaching methods. Questions remain, however, about which features of games enhance learning. This study investigates the effects of art style and narrative complexity on training outcomes of a game designed to help players mitigate three cognitive biases. The training was effective and was retained eight weeks later, although differences in art style and narrative complexity did not affect overall learning. The games were also compared with an alternative training technique, a professionally produced video. Immediately after exposure, the games produced better training than the video on two of the biases; eight weeks later, the games produced better training than the video on one of the biases.
RESPONSE TO REVIEWERS

The paper deals with the empirical analysis of the impact that FDI inflows may have on poverty reduction with respect to a sample of Western Balkans countries over the years 2002-2018. The paper belongs to the huge literature dealing with the macroeconomic impact of FDI. Most of the literature is concentrated on the study of the linkage between FDI and growth while less empirical evidence has been produced on the linkage between FDI and poverty reduction. The paper adopts a quite standard approach in its theoretical and empirical framework. The main value added lies in the countries considered, that are Western Balkans ones, on which studies mainly analysed FDI determinants but not their impact. Moreover, only recently this geographical area experienced a relevant flow of inward FDI.
Occurrence of Ck-1 gene conferring resistance to Coffee Berry Disease in Coffea arabica cv . Ruiru 11 and its parental genotypes

Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) in Coffea arabica cv. Ruiru 11 is known to be controlled by among others, the T (Ck-1) gene from Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre). The cultivar reportedly presents significant variability in resistance to CBD. Previous work identified a microsattelite marker Sat 235 which was linked to CBD resistance and mapped it onto the introgressed C. canephora fragment which carries the Ck-1 gene. This study was aimed at utilizing the Sat 235 marker to assess the occurrence of the Ck-1 gene in Ruiru 11 sibs and their parental genotypes. The test genotypes used were CBD resistant Robusta coffee, non introgressed C. arabica cv. caturra, 14 Ruiru 11 parental genotypes with varying reaction to CBD and 34 Ruiru 11 sibs. Evaluation of CBD resistance was conducted in the laboratory using hypocotyl inoculation method. Seeds of the test genotypes were sown in plastic boxes filled to half-depth with sterilized river sand and arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Six weeks after sowing, the seedling hypocotyls were inoculated with a conidial suspension of C. kahawae standardized to 2.0 × 10 6 spores/ml. Disease scoring was conducted 4 weeks after inoculation on a scale of 1 to 12. To confirm occurrence of the Ck-1 gene, genomic DNA was then extracted from the test genotypes and amplified with the microsatellite primer Sat 235 and electrophoresed on a 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel. All the genotypes containing the Ck-1 gene were expected to show phenotypic resistance to CBD and to show similar banding pattern as Robusta and HDT while the ones lacking the gene were expected to show phenotypic susceptibility to CBD and to similar banding pattern as Caturra and SL28. The study observed that all Ruiru 11 sibs that were evaluated contained the Ck-1 gene. The study also provided further evidence that the fragment amplified by SSR primer Sat 235 is linked to CBD resistance.
Energy Aware Uniform Cluster-Head Distribution Technique for Hierarchal Wireless Sensor Networks

Summary Lifetime of a WSN is directly proportional to the energy consumption of its constituent nodes. In cluster-based routing, all the cluster-heads may be selected from one part of the network. Since routing in these networks are one of the major sources of energy drains, therefore Energy Aware Uniform Cluster-Head Distribution (EAUCD) technique which selects one node as a representative node from each part of the network is proposed. Looking at the simulation the proposed approach is better in terms of conservation of power. We also advocate grid deployment for cluster based techniques.
HENRI PIENINIEMI DRIVING AN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION TOWARDS A BETTER UTILIZATION OF SALES ANALYTICS

HENRI PIENINIEMI: Driving an Industrial Organization Towards a Better Utilization of Sales Analytics Tampere University of technology Master of Science Thesis, 70 pages September 2018 Master’s Degree Programme in Information and Knowledge Management Major: Knowledge and Competence Management Examiner: Professor Hannu Kärkkäinen
Impacts of Brine Discharge on the Marine Environment. Modelling as a Predictive Tool

Desalination is a rainfall independent source of water for security long term water supplies. Is is expected that in the medium term desalination would be an optimum to apply to different uses of human consumption, such as irrigation. Desalination is any of the several processes involved in removing dissolved minerals (especially salt) from seawater, brackish water, or treated wastewater. A number of technologies have been developed for desalination, including thermal processes and membrane technologies. In the present chapter we will focus on seawater desalination, with the aim of obtaining fresh water for human supply, irrigation or industrial facilities. Seawater desalination has gained importance in coastal countries where conventional water sources are insufficient or overexploited. It can be considered an inexhaustible natural source that generates a high quality product and guarantees demand supply. On the other hand, desalinated water is expensive (due to high energy consumption) and the brine discharged into the sea has negative effects on some important marine ecosystems.
Observing a column-dependent ζ in dense interstellar sources: the case of the Horsehead nebula

Context. Observations of small carbon-bearing molecules such as CCH, C4H, c-C3H2, and HCO in the Horsehead nebula have shown these species to have higher abundances towards the edge of the source than towards the center. Aims. Given the determination of a wide range of values for ζ (s −1 ), the total ionization rate of hydrogen atoms, and the proposal of a column-dependent ζ(NH), where NH is the total column of hydrogen nuclei, we desire to determine if the effects of ζ(NH) in a single object with spatial variation can be observable. We chose the Horsehead nebula because of its geometry and high density. Methods. We model the Horsehead nebula as a near edge-on photon dominated region (PDR), using several choices for ζ, both constant and as a function of column. The column-dependent ζ functions are determined by a Monte Carlo model of cosmic ray penetration, using a steep power-law spectrum and accounting for ionization and magnetic field effects. We consider a case with low-metal elemental abundances as well as a sulfur-rich case. Results. We show that use of a column-dependent ζ(NH )o f 5× 10 −15 s −1 at the surface and 7.5 × 10 −16 s −1 at AV = 10 on balance improves agreement between measured and theoretical molecular abundances, compared with constant values of ζ.
E-TAM Model: A Comprehensive Approach to Understand the Adoption of Electronic Shopping

Developing a new technology might be an easy task but developing new attitude is tough one. Customers show high inertia and remain resistant towards adoption of new technology. Electronic shopping is facing the same situation and despite the tremendous efforts of online firms, the adoption of this new technology is low. The current study extends the traditional TAM (technology acceptance model) by incorporating different variables to understand the adoption of electronic shopping. All these variables are identified and the paths are developed based on a comprehensive review of previous literature. The new E-TAM examines the role of E-Attitude, E-Usefulness, E- Ease of Use, E-Enjoyment, E-Risk, E-Self Efficacy and E-Trust in developing the behavioral intentions of the customers towards electronic shopping. E-Attitude, E-Enjoyment and E-Risk are found significant predictors of electronic shopping intentions. E-Usefulness and E-Ease of use directly while E-Self Efficacy and E-Trust indirectly affects the E-Attitude. All the variables are found significant and the final model captures 71% variations in the intentions of the customers towards electronic shopping.
The Relationship between Obesity and Effective Factors on Cardiovascular Health and Socio-Economic State of Male Students of Islamic Azad University-Fars Science and Research

Field and aim: obesity is in parallel with raise in risk of a lot of disease such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and type two diabetes and has relation with lifestyle and socioeeconomic state. Aim of present study was evaluation the relationship between obesity and effective factors on cardiovascular health and socio-economic state of male students of Islamic Azad university-Fars Branch Science and Technology. Research method: For this purpose 785 individuals with mean age 20.83 ± 1.72 year, height 174.50 ± 6.48 centimeter and weight 71.11 ± 12.35 kg) randomly selected among male student of Islamic Azad university-Fars Branch Science and Technology. For measure Weight and fat percentage used scale, and tape. Also socio-economic state measured by using socio-economic state evaluation questionnaire with acceptable reliability (r=0.75). For analysis of data, we used Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. Findings: Results showed there is significant positive relationship (r=0.19, p=0.001) between body fat percentiles and resting blood pressure. Also, it is obtained a significant negative relationship between waist to hip percentile and cardiovascular fitness (r=0.23, p=0.001). But did not Noura M ( ) Noora.mehdi@yahoo.com observe significant relationship between obesity and socioe-conomic state (r=0.01, p=0.001).