Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Credibility of Anonymous Online Product Reviews: A Language Expectancy Perspective

Online reviews play a significant role in forming and shaping perceptions about a product. With the credibility of online reviewers a frequent question, this research investigates how potential buyers assess the credibility of anonymous reviewers. Technology separates the reviewer from the review, and potential buyers are left to rely on characteristics of the review itself to determine the credibility of the reviewer. By extending the language expectancy theory to the online setting, we develop hypotheses about how expectancy violations of lexical complexity, two-sidedness (highlighting positive and negative aspects of a product), and affect intensity influence credibility attributions. We present an experiment in which favorable experimental reviews were generated based on actual reviews for a digital camera. The results indicate that two-sidedness caused a positive expectancy violation resulting in greater credibility attribution. High affect intensity caused a negative expectancy violation resulting in lower credibility attribution. Finally, high reviewer credibility significantly improved perceptions of product quality. Our results demonstrate the importance of expectancies and violations when attributing credibility to anonymous individuals. Even small expectancy violations can meaningfully influence reviewer credibility and perceptions of products.
Das Konzept der zweiseitigen Märkte am Beispiel von Zeitungsmonopolen

Das vorliegende Papier erlaeutert anhand eines einfachen Modells der Zeitungsmonopole, die Relevanz der Theorie der zweiseitigen Maerkte fuer den Mediensektor. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die indirekten, zweiseitigen Netzwerkeffekte, die sowohl einen zweiseitigen Markt begruenden, als auch fuer die Existenz der sog. Anzeigen-Auflagen-Spirale verantwortlich sind. Waehrend die Wirkungen auf Mengen und Gewinne eindeutig sind, sind die Wirkungen auf Anzeigen- und Copypreis insbesondere vom Verhaeltnis der Netzwerkeffekte abhaengig. Darueber hinaus laesst die Preishoehe allein nur bedingt Rueckschluesse auf das strategische Verhalten des Zeitungsverlags zu.
Identification of Epitopes and Immunodominant Regions on the MICA Protein Defined by Alloantibodies From Kidney Transplant Patients

Background. Several reports showed a contribution of anti-MICA (major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecule A) antibodies (Abs) to the development of acute and chronic rejection. Identification of the epitopes to which the Abs bind may help to determine immunoreactive regions essential for the major histocompatibility complex compatibility between donor and recipients, leading to the best outcome of the transplant. Methods. Sera from 284 kidney transplant patients were screened for anti-MICA Abs by Luminex assay. MICA allele typing of the recipients was determined. The epitopes of MICA were mapped by screening a synthesized library of overlapping peptides from the extracellular domains of the protein against the sera from kidney transplant patients with anti-MICA Abs. Results. Antibodies against MICA were detected in 50 of 284 patients (17.6%) and correlated with the development of acute rejection. Nine antigenic regions were immunoreactive with anti-MICA Abs in the sera samples. Four of these continuous epitopes mapped to polymorphic amino acids (aa). Five antigenic regions were shared epitopes found in all the MICA alleles. The polymorphic residues, 173 (E/K), 175 (S/G), and 181 (R/T), had determined allele-specific epitopes (reactivity patterns 1 and 2). In contrast, the aa 208Y and 213T were implicated in the cross-reactivity among alleles. Conclusions. The presence of anti-MICA Abs could be an important marker for diagnosis because of their contribution to the outcome of the graft, regardless of presence of anti-HLA Abs. Additionally, the identification of epitopes revealed the in vivo antigens of the transplant and is spurring the development of new matching strategies to reduce the incidence of acute and chronic rejection.
Tyrrhena Patera: Geologic history derived from Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera

[1] We used Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera images of the Tyrrhena Patera volcano to assign cratering model ages to material units defined in the VikingOrbiter-based geologic mapping. Cratering model ages are generally consistent with their stratigraphy. We can identify three key intervals of major activity at Tyrrhena Patera: (1) formation of the volcanic edifice in the Noachian Period, ∼3.7–4.0 Ga, shortly following the Hellas impact (∼4 Ga) and coincident with the formation of Hadriaca Patera (∼3.9 Ga); (2) modification of the edifice and formation of the caldera rille and channels in the Hesperian Period, possibly extending into the Amazonian Period; and (3) a final stage of modification in the Late Amazonian Epoch, ∼0.8–1.4 Ga. Early- to mid-Hesperian activity on Tyrrhena Patera is consistent with similar activity on Hadriaca Patera at ∼3.3–3.7 Ga. The most recent dateable event on Tyrrhena Patera is modification on the upper shield, caldera rille, and channel floors at ∼800 Ma. This coincidence of resurfacing in three units suggests a widespread process(es), which we speculate involved preferential (aeolian? ) erosion of small craters on these flatter surfaces relative to the other units on the volcano. Alternatively, some combination of pyroclastic flow emplacement on the upper shield and fluvial activity in the caldera rille and channels, followed by differential aeolian erosion and deposition, could have produced the present surface. Regardless, major geologic resurfacing ended at Tyrrhena Patera nearly a billion years ago.
Sensory tics in Tourette's syndrome

Sensory tics are localized uncomfortable sensations for which patients attempt to obtain relief by producing movements or vocalizations. We report 3 patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and sensory tics to illustrate this poorly recognized symptom. A survey of 34 randomly selected TS patients indicates that sensory tics are common and should be considered part of a clinical spectrum of tics and associated sensory phenomena.
Excitation-Contraction Uncoupling: Major Role in Contraction-Induced Muscle Injury

WARREN, G.L. , C.P. INGALLS, D.A. LOWE, and R.B. ARMSTRONG. Excitation-contraction uncoupling: major role in contraction-induced muscle injury. Exerc. Sports Sci. Rev., Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 82-87, 2001. The mechanisms that account for the strength loss after contraction-induced muscle injury remain controversial. We present data showing that (1) most of the early strength loss results from a failure of excitation-contraction coupling and (2) a slow loss of contractile protein in the days after injury prolongs the recovery time.
Inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression of g lycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of tumor-associated sialylated gly cans in pancreatic cancer

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundant stroma containing several pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are described to modulate the expression of important genes related to tumor promotion and progression. In the present work we have investigated the potential role of these cytokines in the biosynthesis of tumorassociated carbohydrate antigens such as sialyl-Lewis (SLe) through the regulation of specific glycosyltransferase genes. Methods: Two human PDAC cell lines MDAPanc-3 and MDAPanc-28 were treated with proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 or IL-8, and the content of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens at the cell membrane was analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, variation in the mRNA expression of sialyltransferase (ST) and fucosyltransferase (FUT) genes, which codify for the ST and FucT enzymes involved in the carbohydrate antigens’ biosynthesis, was determined. The inflammatory microenvironment of PDAC tissues and the expression of Lewis-type antigens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to find a possible correlation between inflammation status and the presence of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. Results: IL-1β stimuli increased SLe and α2,6-sialic acid levels in MDAPanc-28 cells and enhanced the mRNA levels of ST3GAL3-4 and FUT5-7, which codifiy for ST and FucT enzymes related to SLe biosynthesis, and of ST6GAL1. IL-6 and TNFα treatments increased the levels of SLe and Le antigens in MDPanc-3 cells and, similarly, the mRNA expression of ST3GAL3-4, FUT1-2 and FUT6, related to these Lewis-type antigens’ biosynthesis, were increased. Most PDAC tissues stained for SLe and SLe and tended to be expressed in the tumor samples with a higher presence of inflammatory immune cells. Conclusions: The inflammatory microenvironment can modulate the glycosylation pattern of PDAC cells, increasing the expression of tumor-associated sialylated antigens such as SLe, which contributes to pancreatic tumor malignancy.
Nasal Bone Hypoplasia: Is It a Common Finding amongst Chromosomally Normal Fetuses of Southern Chinese Women?

Objective: To assess the incidence of nasal hypoplasia among fetuses of southern Chinese women. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong. All pregnant women referred for chromosomal studies before 14 weeks were assessed. The crown-rump length, nuchal translucency thickness, and nasal bone were assessed between 11 and 14 weeks. Results: A total of 143 women were recruited. In 119 fetuses, facial profiles were successfully obtained and the presence or absence of nasal bones was assessed. One hundred and fourteen fetuses had normal karyotypes. The rate of absence nasal bone when assessed between 11–14 weeks was 0.88% in the fetuses with a normal karyotype. During the same period, 2 out of 3 fetuses with Down syndrome had absence of nasal bones. A nasal bone was visualized in one fetus with Edward syndrome and the other with Turner syndrome (45 X). Conclusion: The incidence of nasal hypoplasia is not increased among fetuses of southern Chinese women. Assessment of ossification of the nasal bone can be used to supplement first-trimester screening in Chinese women.
Improving Hand-Off Communications: New Solutions for Nurses

LAPSES in complete, accurate communication between caregivers when responsibility for patients is transferred or “handed off”are a major issue affecting the quality and safety of patient care. Although the primary objective of a hand-off during a transition of care is to provide accurate information about a patient’s care, current condition, and any recent or anticipated changes, unfortunately each hand-off can present unique opportunities for error. One study estimates that 80% of serious medical errors involve miscommunication between caregivers during such transitions in care.1 Communication breakdowns during transitions of care were a leading cause of sentinel events reported to The Joint Commission between 1995 and 2006.2 Health care organizations have long struggled with the process of passing necessary and critical information about a patient from one caregiver to the next or from one team of caregivers to another. A hand-off involves “senders,” the caregivers transmitting patient information and releasing the care of the patient to other providers, and “receivers,”
Proline biosynthesis encoded by the noc and occ loci of Agrobacterium Ti plasmids

Octopine or nopaline Ti plasmids, or clones encoding their occ or noc loci, allowed proline auxotrophs of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to utilize the appropriate arginyl opine as a proline substitute. Arginine and ornithine substituted for proline only if the occ or noc loci were induced or made constitutive by mutation. These results support a report demonstrating a Ti plasmid-encoded activity in A. tumefaciens which cyclizes ornithine to proline.
Passive frame theory: A new synthesis

Passive frame theory attempts to illuminate what consciousness is, in mechanistic and functional terms; it does not address the “implementation” level of analysis (how neurons instantiate conscious states), an enigma for various disciplines. However, in response to the commentaries, we discuss how our framework provides clues regarding this enigma. In the framework, consciousness is passive albeit essential. Without consciousness, there would not be adaptive skeletomotor action. R1. The nature of the problem and definitions of consciousness For decades, the question of what consciousness contributes to the functioning of the nervous system has perplexed theorists and experimentalists, leading some of the greatest scientific minds, including the Nobel laureates Leon Cooper, Francis Crick, Gerald Edelman, Eric Kandel, and Charles Sherrington, to conclude that answering this question is one of the greatest puzzles in science. As Shallice (1972) asserts, “The problem of consciousness occupies an analogous position for cognitive psychology as the problem of language behavior does for behaviorism, namely, an unsolved anomaly within the domain of the approach” (p. 383). Passive frame theory (PFT), a synthesis of diverse ideas, attempts to answer this question and yield novel insights about consciousness and the brain, all within a conceptual framework that, importantly, is internally coherent (Dux, Gainotti) and comprehensive (Mudrik). PFT attempts to illuminate what consciousness contributes to nervous function, how it serves this role, and what consciousness is, at least in mechanistic, functional terms. In the framework, consciousness is passive albeit essential. Without it, there would not be adaptive skeletomotor function. The
FRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS WITH RADIAL-NERVE PARALYSIS.

This paper presents seven cases illustrating a humeral-fracture syndrome complicated by radial-nerve paralysis. The fracture occurs in the distal one-third of the humerus at a point where the radial nerve comes through the lateral intermuscular septum and is in contact with the bone. Due to the force of the injury, the proximal fragment is displaced distally, carrying with it the intermuscular septum and the radial nerve contained within its foramen in the septum. At the same time the apex of the distal fragment is moved proximally and radially, lacerating or trapping the radial nerve between the bone fragments. Primary open reduction is the treatment of choice for this injury. Closed manipulation is contra-indicated when the criteria of the syndrome are present.
Reptiles and Amphibians

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A trial of production of the plant-derived high-value protein in a plant factory

One of the ultimate goals of plant science is to test a hypothesis obtained by basic science and to apply it to agriculture and industry. A plant factory is one of the ideal systems for this trial. Environmental factors affect both plant yield and the accumulation of recombinant proteins for industrial applications within transgenic plants. However, there have been few reports studying plant productivity for recombinant protein in closed cultivation systems called plant factories. To investigate the effects of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) on tomato fruit yield and the accumulation of recombinant miraculin, a taste-modifying glycoprotein, in transgenic tomato fruits, plants were cultivated at various PPFs from 100 to 400 (µmol m-2 s-1) in a plant factory. Miraculin production per unit of energy used was highest at PPF100, although miraculin production per unit area was highest at PPF300. The commercial productivity of recombinant miraculin in transgenic tomato fruits largely depended on light conditions in the plant factory. Our trial will be useful to consider the trade-offs between the profits from production of high-value materials in plants and the costs of electricity.
The Use of Medication for Relapse Prevention in Substance Dependence Disorders

Substance abuse is a significant problem in itself and can greatly complicate the symptomatology and treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders. In the article, the authors review literature concerning the use of medication to prevent relapse to substance abuse or decrease substance use. Five different general strategies are employed for this purpose: 1) use of a drug with pharmacological properties similar to the substance of concern (i.e., agonist or substitution therapy); 2) use of a receptor antagonist to block or lessen the effects of the substance of concern; 3) use of a medication that produces a conditioned aversive reaction to the substance of concern; 4) use of a medication to reduce the reinforcing properties of the substance of concern; and 5) use of a substance to increase the metabolism or clearance of the substance of concern from the body. The authors review pharmacological treatments that have been studied for the treatment of dependence on the following types of substances: alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, opioids, stimulants, nicotine, hallucinogens, cannabis, inhalants, anabolic steroids, phencyclidine, and designer drugs. The article ends with a brief discussion of the importance of including psychosocial and behavioral interventions in any substance abuse treatment program.
Extended Double Carrier PWM Strategy Dedicated to RMS Current Reduction in DC Link Capacitors of Three-Phase Inverters

This paper presents a new pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy, called extended double carrier PWM, for a two-level voltage source inverter aiming at reducing the RMS current flowing through dc link filtering capacitors on embedded systems over a large modulation index range and for high-power factor loads (cos φ ≥ 0.8). Instead of utilizing two adjacent active vectors at each switching period as in classic PWM strategies, this new strategy utilizes two nonadjacent active vectors in the case of low-modulation index or three consecutive active vectors in the case of high-modulation index. Analytical calculations show that this new strategy is particularly effective in terms of reducing filtering capacitor rms current for high-power factor compared to space vector PWM which is used as a reference strategy. The impact of this strategy on output current quality is also investigated.
Seed Genetic Purity Assessment of Maize Hybrid Using Microsatellite Markers (SSR)

The development of hybrid varieties should be supported by the availability of high quality seeds. Genetic purity is one of the quality criteria required for successful seed production of maize hybrid. In producing hybrid seeds, it is frequently contaminated by crossed pollen from another variety or the occurrence of selfing. The objectives of this study were 1) to get microsatellite markers (SSR) specific for male and female parents, 2) to get a percentage of the genetic purity of maize hybrid seeds cv. Bima-3 and Bima-4. The experiments were conducted at field station at University Farm Cikabayan Bogor Agricultural University, and in the molecular laboratory at Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Bogor, from April until December 2011. Maize hybrid varieties and their parental lines seed used in this research were obtained from Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) Maros, South Sulawesi. Five SSR markers selected for parental lines were phi109275, phi96100, phi374118, phi328175, and phi072. The assessment of genetic purity of two hybrid varieties namely cv. Bima-3 and Bima-4, used specific markers from previous experiment. Fourty samples of individual plants from each maize hybrid variety were tested. From five markers tested, three markers namely phi96100, phi328175 and phi072 produced polymorphic bands and capable to distinguish parental line of two maize hybrids. Microsatellite marker phi96100 was specifically used for testing genetic purity of cv. Bima-4 and phi072 for cv. Bima-3. While phi328175 was specific marker for both maize hybrids. The genetic purity test of cv. Bima-3 and Bima-4 indicated that both varieties had purity levels of 97.5% and 80%, respectivelly. This study showed that SSR markers were more reliable for assessing genetic purity as compared to morphological marker. The results of study are expected to be useful in the verification of genetic purity of maize hybrid seeds accuretly.
Significance of observational studies in clinical paediatric dentistry research.

In clinical paediatric dentistry research, an Observational Study (OS) is one in which the investigators do not intervene in any way, for example, providing a treatment to a group of eligible participants; the investigators also are limited to the observation of one or more groups of paediatric patients whose characteristics have been registered and analysed. This design constitutes the majority of dental research, mainly with the aim of eliciting possible causes of, or estimating the prevalence of, an oral disease. However, OS may be more challenging in terms of controlling confounding factors. There are three main observational designs: cohort studies; casecontrol studies, and cross-sectional studies. The aim of the present article was to provide the basics of these three designs in the paediatric dentistry clinical research field. Also, some useful examples are provided of OS carried out in paediatric dentistry and published in the dental literature. Significance of observational studies in clinical paediatric dentistry research
Activity of the novel dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 against osteosarcoma

Recent studies have identified that constitutively active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is an important feature of osteosarcoma, where it promotes cell proliferation, survival, and chemo-resistance. Here, we studied the therapeutic potential of NVP-BEZ235, a novel dual PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, on osteosarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro. NVP-BEZ235 was cytotoxic and cytostatic to a panel of osteosarcoma lines (MG-63, U2OS and SaOs-2), where it induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. At the molecular level, NVP-BEZ235 inhibited PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 activation and downregulated cyclin D1/cyclin B1 expressions, while increasing MEK/Erk phosphorylation in osteosarcoma cells. MEK/Erk inhibitors PD98059 and MEK-162 increased NVP-BEZ235 activity on osteosarcoma cells. In vivo, oral NVP-BEZ235 inhibited U2OS xenograft in SCID mice, and its anti-tumor efficiency was further enhanced by MEK-162 co-administration. Taken together, our findings indicate that dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR with NVP-BEZ235, either alone or in combination with MEK/Erk inhibitors, may be an efficient treatment for osteosarcoma.