Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow rate and source reservoir identification from airborne chemical sampling of the uncontrolled Elgin platform gas release

Abstract. An uncontrolled gas leak from 25 March to 16 May 2012 led to evacuation of the Total Elgin wellhead and neighbouring drilling and production platforms in the UK North Sea. Initially the atmospheric flow rate of leaking gas and condensate was very poorly known, hampering environmental assessment and well control efforts. Six flights by the UK FAAM chemically instrumented BAe-146 research aircraft were used to quantify the flow rate. The flow rate was calculated by assuming the plume may be modelled by a Gaussian distribution with two different solution methods: Gaussian fitting in the vertical and fitting with a fully mixed layer. When both solution methods were used they compared within 6 % of each other, which was within combined errors. Data from the first flight on 30 March 2012 showed the flow rate to be 1.3 ± 0.2 kg CH4 s−1, decreasing to less than half that by the second flight on 17 April 2012. δ13CCH4 in the gas was found to be −43 ‰, implying that the gas source was unlikely to be from the main high pressure, high temperature Elgin gas field at 5.5 km depth, but more probably from the overlying Hod Formation at 4.2 km depth. This was deemed to be smaller and more manageable than the high pressure Elgin field and hence the response strategy was considerably simpler. The first flight was conducted within 5 days of the blowout and allowed a flow rate estimate within 48 h of sampling, with δ13CCH4 characterization soon thereafter, demonstrating the potential for a rapid-response capability that is widely applicable to future atmospheric emissions of environmental concern. Knowledge of the Elgin flow rate helped inform subsequent decision making. This study shows that leak assessment using appropriately designed airborne plume sampling strategies is well suited for circumstances where direct access is difficult or potentially dangerous. Measurements such as this also permit unbiased regulatory assessment of potential impact, independent of the emitting party, on timescales that can inform industry decision makers and assist rapid-response planning by government.
Short term adaptation exists in the disparity vergence system exhibited by a decrease in the response dynamics

In order to survive, humans have learned to adapt to their environment. Evidence of adaptation is present in many physiological systems. This study shows the disparity vergence system also adapts to environmental conditions. Two types of step stimuli, a small stimulus of one degree and a large stimulus of four or eight degrees, were presented to subjects using a haploscope configuration. There were three phases to the experiment, beginning with a baseline phase, then adaptation, and recovery. The baseline paradigm presented only large steps. The adaptation phase presented small and large steps in a 5:1 ratio, and the recovery phase presented only large steps to ensure fatigue was not affecting the adaptation results. The goal of this study was to determine if the predominance of smaller stimuli has a dynamic affect on the larger step responses. Preliminary data show the dynamics as quantified by the main sequence of adapted responses decreases on average compared to the baseline data. Furthermore, the dynamics return to similar values as those measured during the baseline, showing fatigue was not present during the adaptation phase. This study demonstrates short term adaptation exists in the vergence system demonstrated by a decrease in the dynamics.
Model of sickle kick pencak silat training based on exercise media in students pencak silat athletes

Introduction . Techniques kick is most often used in competition and in the game self-defense more than 90% points scored by the kick competition that kicks effectivenessdepending on various factors, such as the maximum strength of the muscles involved in the level of development of strength, coordination neoromuscular, the linear velocity and the angle of the ankle when kicking leg and improve coordination between agonists and antagonists. develop a model exercise kick sickle-based media practice, because the model through the medium of exercise is a model of long-term and continuous change constantly, because this type of training will develop with regard to the development of athletes in accordance with the specifications of the branch sport, and System and method of exercise is getting day also thanks to the support of increasingly sophisticated equipment, facilities and infrastructure that is more modern. Objective of the study. This study aims to determine whether the basic Technicalskills learning model based media workout sickle kick effectively improve the skills and abilities of the sickle kick pencak silat sport student athletes. Research methods . Studies that use mixed methods research approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods.Research Quantitative used to find the effectiveness of the True-Experimental research design shaped the pretest-posttest control group design. Research result. Initial tests ability sicklekick right and left of 6.944, 6.39. 65.22 skill being right, and left 71.26. after being given treatment ability right sicklekick 8.70 and 8.04 left. Skills right 62.48, 68.66 to the left. Conclusion. Based on the results of data from field trials and discussions can be concluded that this type of training with exercise effective media to enhance the capabilities and skills of the sickle kick sports pencak silat students.
Spatial Selective Attention Affects Early Extrastriate But Not Striate Components of the Visual Evoked Potential

The effects of spatial selective attention on sensory processing in visual cortical areas were investigated by means of visual evoked potential (VEP) recordings and source localization techniques. Patterned stimuli were rapidly presented in random order to the left and right visual fields while subjects maintained central fixation and attended to one visual field at a time. Attended stimuli evoked enhanced P1 (100130 msec) and N1 (120200 msec) components of the VEP, whereas no effects of attention were observed on the C1 (50100 msec) or P2 (200240 msec) components. Spatiotemporal dipole modeling of the early VEP sources was carried out in relation to MRI-defined cortical anatomy. The dipolar generator of the C1 component was found to lie in calcarine cortex, the human homologue of area V1, whereas the attention-sensitive P1 generator was localized to ventral-lateral occipital cortex, within extrastriate area 19. These results support the hypothesis that spatial attention does not affect the initial activity evoked in area V1 but rather produces an enhancement within extrastriate visual areas of sensory signals arising from stimuli at attended locations.
Influence of growth temperature on the production of antibody Fab fragments in different microbes: A host comparative analysis

Microorganisms encounter diverse stress conditions in their native habitats but also during fermentation processes, which have an impact on industrial process performance. These environmental stresses and the physiological reactions they trigger, including changes in the protein folding/secretion machinery, are highly interrelated. Thus, the investigation of environmental factors, which influence protein expression and secretion is still of great importance. Among all the possible stresses, temperature appears particularly important for bioreactor cultivation of recombinant hosts, as reductions of growth temperature have been reported to increase recombinant protein production in various host organisms. Therefore, the impact of temperature on the secretion of proteins with therapeutic interest, exemplified by a model antibody Fab fragment, was analyzed in five different microbial protein production hosts growing under steady‐state conditions in carbon‐limited chemostat cultivations. Secretory expression of the heterodimeric antibody Fab fragment was successful in all five microbial host systems, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Trichoderma reesei, Escherichia coli and Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. In this comparative analysis we show that a reduction of cultivation temperature during growth at constant growth rate had a positive effect on Fab 3H6 production in three of four analyzed microorganisms, indicating common physiological responses, which favor recombinant protein production in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic microbes. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2011
Spectral Absorbance and Spatial Distribution of Macular Pigment Using Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry

Purpose. The validity of the heterochromatic flicker photometric (HFP) technique for measuring macular pigment (MP) was assessed by evaluating the spatial density and spectral absorption curves of normal subjects. Methods. Standard Maxwellian view optics were used to measure MP spatial density and spectral absorption curves. Four subjects with normal color vision and one protanope were tested. All of the subjects were experienced psychophysical observers. Results. Spatial density profiles for all subjects were nearly symmetric. The width of the spatial distribution, at half maximal density, averaged 0.70° (standard deviation = 0.15). A first-order exponential decay with eccentricity described the distribution profile well (average r2 = 0.95). The shape of the spectral absorption curves matched an ex vivo template closely at wavelengths greater than approximately 430 nm. Stimulus size did not influence the derived spectral curves. Conclusion. Based on data from this study and others, the HFP method appears to be a valid method for measuring MP density in subjects without retinal disease.
Determinants of sleep quality among pregnant women in China: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract Purpose: Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy, yet few studies are currently available regarding the determinants of sleep quality among pregnant women in China. This study aimed to: (a) calculate the prevalence of sleep disorder during pregnancy, (b) examine the difference in sleep quality among three trimesters, and (c) identify determinants of sleep quality in pregnant women. Materials and methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. Five hundred pregnant women were recruited at the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology of two teaching hospitals in central China. Five selfreport questionnaires were used for gathering data, including information of sample characteristics, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), prenatal depression (the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)), and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)). Results: A total of 454 pregnant women participated in the study between September 2016 and April 2017. Eighty-seven percent pregnant women experienced sleep disorder (PSQI score >5). Poorer global sleep quality, subjective sleep quality, lower sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances were most prevalent during third trimester. The significant contributors to sleep quality for pregnant women were prenatal depression, maternal age, and gestational age. Conclusions: Sleep disorder is very common in pregnant women from China. Depressive symptoms, increased maternal age, and gestational age are determinants of sleep quality. These determinants can assist healthcare professionals in preventative intervention.
Determinants of 24-H Blood Pressure in IDDM Patients

OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of basic clinical data on ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and to evaluate the reproducibility of the method. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AMBP was measured in 66 IDDM patients with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) <20 μg/min and in 53 healthy subjects. Determinants of AMBP were identified in a stepwise multiple regression model. In addition, 14 diabetic patients were monitored on two days of the same type, and 14 patients were monitored on one work day and one day off. RESULTS In healthy subjects, sex was the most important determinant of 24-h blood pressure (BP), whereas UAE and age were the main covariates in diabetes patients. The male-female difference in 24-h diastolic BP (dBP) was 5.6 mmHg lower in diabetic patients than in healthy control subjects (P < 0.05). In patients with long diabetes duration, nighttime dBP (69 ± 7 mmHg) was higher than in patients with medium diabetes duration (63 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.05; after matching for age and sex). Daytime dBP was 5 mmHg higher on a work day than on a day off (P < 0.02). Standard deviation of the difference for repeated measurement of 24-h systolic/diastolic BP in the same subject was 5.7/2.5 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS The male-female difference in 24-h dBP was attenuated in diabetes. The influence of UAE on AMBP was noticed even in normoalbuminuric diabetic patients. Standardized AMBP was highly reproducible.
eview ndrogens , health and sexuality in women and men

The importance of good sexual function for individuals is well recognised. Testosterone is contributory to a healthy sex life for both women and men. The British Society for Sexual Medicine (BSSM) has initiated and led the development of these guidelines for the assessment of testosterone deficiency in both women and men, for use within the UK and beyond. Clinical awareness of the possibility of testosterone deficiency and the impact this may have on an individual’s sexual and somatic function and the need to make sufficient eywords:
Second order interaction of flexural gravity waves with bottom mounted vertical circular cylinder

for 34th IWWWFB, Newcastle, Australia, 2019 Second order interaction of flexural gravity waves with bottom mounted vertical circular cylinder Malenica Š. , & Korobkin A.A. , Khabakhpasheva T.I. & Kwon S.H. (1) Bureau Veritas Paris, France (2) University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (3) Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea Introduction Interaction of gravity waves with bottom mounted vertical circular cylinder received much attention in the past in the context of both the water waves and flexural gravity waves. Both the linear and higher order interactions were of concern. Unlike the problem of water waves where the semi-analytical solution for linear and second order problem is well mastered and agreed within the community, the solution for the linear problem of flexural gravity waves was proposed in different forms by the different authors and the second order problem seems has not been considered except for the 2D case [5]. In the present work, a general methodology is proposed both for the linear and the second order probem of the flexural gravity waves. The method relies on the use of the classical eigenfunction expansion principles through the definition of the relevant Green’s function and the use of the Boundary Integral Equation technique. Mathematical model The second order theoretical model for flexural gravity waves was presented in [4] and will not be repeated here. We just mention that the generic Boundary Value Problem (BVP) for the velocity potential, can be defined as shown in Figure 1, Figure 1: Basic configuration and definitions. where the operator κ and the corresponding dispersion relation are given by: κ = M+D∆0 , α = (M+Dμ)μ tanhμH (1) The coefficients M and D are given by: M = 1− α ρ , D = D ρg (2) with M and D being the distributed mass and the stifness of the plate, repectively. The functions v(z, θ) and Q(r, θ) are specified for each particular problem and α is proportional to the square of the corresponding wave frequency. In order to complete the above BVP the additional boundary conditions at the plate ends on the cylinder and at infinity should be introduced. These conditions describe the way in which the plate is attached to the cylinder i.e. clamped, free, simply supported . For example, in the case of the plate clamped to the cylinder the conditions of the zero displacement and zero slope apply: ∂φ ∂z (a, θ, 0) = 0 , ∂φ ∂r∂z (a, θ, 0) = 0 (3) Solution methodology The soultion procedure uses the eigenfunction expansion principles. In that respect, the method of separating variables for flows symmetric with respect to x axis provides:
Cardiopulmonary helminths in foxes from the Pyrenees

The present survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of cardiopulmonary helminths in red foxes in Pyrenees area and to evaluate the role of foxes in the eco-epidemiology of these nematodes. Hearts and entire respiratory tracts were obtained from 87 foxes from Vall d’Aran region, Pyrenees, Catalonia, north-eastern Spain. The cardiopulmonary tracts were dissected, flushed and examined for nematodes using sedimented flushing water. Of the 87 examined foxes, 53 (61%) were positive for cardiopulmonary helminths. The identified nematodes were Crenosoma vulpis (44.8%), Eucoleus aerophilus (29.9%) and Angiostrongylus vasorum (3.4%). Statistical differences were observed only on comparing age and C. vulpis prevalence, with young foxes being more infected than adults. The high prevalence of cardiopulmonary nematodes suggested that red foxes may play an important role in their transmission and maintenance in the studied area.
Creative and Set in Their Ways: Challenges of Security Sensemaking in Newsrooms

Maintaining computer security in an organization requires navigating a thorny landscape of adversaries, devices, and systems. As organizations grow more complex, integrating remote workers and networked, third-party tools, security risks multiply, and become more difficult to fully comprehend. News organizations are exemplary of this type of risk-laden workplace, as they combine the technical and complexity issues typical of bureaucratic systems with the creative, autonomous decision-making of journalists. As more industries face changing labor models, shifting to remote workers and building more of their computing needs on third-party platforms, journalists can serve as a critical early-warning population, a canaryin-the-coal-mine look at the management of cybersecurity in the future of work. As a first step towards building our social-science-based research, we took from organization theory the literature on sensemaking, to study how journalists who work in organizations “make sense” of cybersecurity. After analyzing interviews with a range of journalists with diverse priorities and obligations, and testing for an array of sensemaking frameworks, we found fragmented sensemaking to be pervasive. This is a hazardous condition for security in a networked organization, because such a framework correlates with misaligned and scattered behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of questions that emerged during this study, and propose next steps in research.
Turbulent blood flow plays an essential localizing role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in experimentally induced hypercholesterolaemia in rats

Taking into account that atherosclerosis is a focal disease and high levels of plasma cholesterol are closely correlated with its pathogenesis, it is a challenge to explain how equal concentrations of cholesterol bathing the endothelium can produce local, rather than global, effects on arteries. The focal distribution of atherosclerotic lesions has been considered to be dependent, at least in part, on hydrodynamic factors. The present study was carried out to further test the hypothesis that these forces are an important localizing factor in rats feeding a hypercholesterolaemic diet and submitted to infra‐diaphragmatic aortic constriction. These animals develop a normotensive prestenotic region with laminar blood flow that serves as control for a normotensive poststenotic region with turbulent blood flow. Our findings clearly demonstrated that the combination of turbulent blood flow and low wall shear stress (WSS) in the presence of hypercholesterolaemia and oxidative stress creates conditions to the formation of focally distributed incipient atherosclerotic lesions observed in the poststenotic segment. In contrast, only diffuse fatty streaks could be observed in the normotensive prestenotic segment with laminar blood flow and normal WSS in the presence of hypercholesterolaemia and oxidative stress. Although haemodynamic forces are not by themselves responsible for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, they prime the local vascular wall in which the lesion develop. Further studies are required to establish how haemodynamic forces are detected and transduced into chemical signalling by the cells of the artery wall and then converted into pathophysiologically relevant phenotypic changes.
Bridging the Differences between Social Theory and Technological Invention in Human-Computer Interface Design

A number of different theories have been proposed to explain the relationship between technological development and social change, including: technological determinism, symptomatic development and social constructionism. A popular and influential theory describing this relationship is technological determinism. An examination of the history of the computer's graphical user interface reveals that the original inventors of this technology were influenced by theorists associated with the determinist perspective. However, when creating their actual interfaces, early designers Douglas Engelbart and Alan Kay utilized methods that support a social constructionist view of technology development. Moreover, as new social interfaces emerge that incorporate software agents into the process of computer interaction, these new designs continue to support a constructionist approach. This article will describe the relationship between theories of technological determinism and the development of graphical user interfaces to argue that a social constructionist approach bridges the gap between theory and invention.
Agronomical factors influencing the legumin/vicilin ratio in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds.

BACKGROUND Many research studies have investigated the impact of agronomical factors on the protein content of pea (Pisum sativum). This study aimed to establish if a correlation exists between protein content and legumin/vicilin (L/V) ratio in pea seeds and to identify agronomical factors that have an impact on this ratio. RESULTS The L/V ratio was positively correlated with protein content (r = 0.58, P ≤ 0.01), but no linear regression was applicable (adjusted R(2) = 0.31). Both variety and cultivation year had a highly significant effect on the ratio (P < 0.001). The interaction between these two factors was also highly significant (P < 0.001), some varieties being less sensitive to climatic conditions than others. Cultivation location had a highly significant effect (P < 0.01). There was no interaction between variety and location. Seeding density had a highly significant effect on the ratio (P < 0.01), with a saturation effect above 60 seeds m(-2). CONCLUSION Further studies should establish if a linear regression model can be applied to pea varieties independently. Varieties with a stable L/V ratio can prove to be useful in the food industry. Other agronomical factors (soil type and seeding density) should be considered for the production of pea seeds with a specific L/V ratio.