Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic System for Direct Lanthanide Photoluminescence Spectroscopy with Nanomolar Detection Limits

A new spectroscopic system for direct photoluminescence of lanthanide ions (Ln(III)) through electronic transitions within the 4fn manifold is described. The system is based on an injection seeded frequency tripled (λ = 355 nm) Nd:YAG pump laser coupled with a master oscillator power oscillator (MOPO). The MOPO delivers an average pulse energy of ⪝60 mJ/pulse, is continuously tunable from 425 to 690 nm (Signal) and 735 to 1800 nm (Idler) with a linewidth of <0.2 cm−1, and has a pulse duration of 10–12 ns. Aqueous solutions containing two polyaminocarboxylate complexes, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and Ln3+ aqua ion for several lanthanides including Eu(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), and Sm(III)) are used as steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence standards. The versatility of the instrument is demonstrated by excitation scans over a broad visible range for aqueous solutions of complexes of Eu(III), Dy(III), Sm(III), and Tb(III). The Eu(III) excitation band (7Fo→5Do) is recorded over a range of complex concentrations that are 1000–fold less than reported previously, including Eu(EDTA) (1.00 nM), Eu(DTPA) (1.00 nM), and Eu(III) aqua ion (50.0 nM). Emission spectra are recorded in the visible range for Ln(III) complexes at pH 6.5 and 1.00 mM. Excited-state lifetimes for the standards were constant as a function of concentration from 10.0 nM to 1.00 mM for Eu(EDTA) and Eu(DTPA) and from 100 nM to 1.00 mM for Eu(III) aqua ion. Photoluminescence lifetimes in H2O and D2O are recorded and used to calculate the number of bound water molecules for all complexes.
Influence of changes in body composition on resting energy expenditure during weight loss : a preliminary analysis.

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Problem Statement 2 Rationale 3 Hypothesis 3 Limitations 4 Assumptions 4 Definitions 5 Summary 6 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7 Trends in Obesity 7 Potential Causes for Obesity 8 Health Care Cost of Obesity 10 Effective Weight Loss Strategies 11 Diet 11 Exercise 13 Combination of Diet and Exercise 14 Weight Loss Surgery 15
Renal Aspects of Acid Base Control in the Newly Born: 1. Natural Development

The maintenance of a steady pH in the plasma and cells is partly the responsibility of the kidney, and the substances excreted in the urine to regulate the pH are fairly well known in adults, both on normal diets and after provocative doses of acidifying or alkalinizing drugs. The subject was reviewed briefly by Widdowson & Mc Cance ( 2 2 ) and more recently and extensively by Elkinton (4). The interest of the newborn period lies in the recognised immaturity of the kidney in other respects at this age, and the maintenance of a stable internal environment mainly by virtue of the integration of food and growth with renal function. The initial days of starvation in human infants and the specialised diet later, or in other animals from birth, are all part of this. Papers bearing on the subject have been published by McCance & von Finck (14) and more recently by Widdowson & McCance ( 2 2 ) and McCance ( la) , but there is little else t o be found in the literature.
Prevalence and Risk Factor of Incomplete Cervical Excision in Chonburi Hospital

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of incomplete cervical excision in Chonburi hospital. Materials and Methods: Descriptive analytical study was conducted in Chonburi Hospital, Thailand. Medical records of patients who had positive (incomplete) cervical margins after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or conization from January 2007 to December 2011 were reviewed. Results: There were 2,526 patients undergoing excision procedure and291 patients (11.52%) had positive margins. One thousand four hundred and fifty one cases (57.44%) underwent conization and 175 cases (42.56%) underwent LEEP. Patient age ranged from 17 to 89 years (mean 41.56 ± 13.5 years). Mean body weight and height were 58.28 ± 9.5 kg and 153 ± 6 cm, respectively. Body mass index ranged from 14.67 to 40.81 kg/m 2 (mean 24.88 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 ). Ninety two percent were multiparous and sixty eight percent were premenopause. Preoperative cytology was high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 1,109 cases (43.9%). Three hundred and fifty nine cases (14.2%) had unsatisfied colposcopic findings. The margin involvement was significantly associated with nulliparity, post menopause, history of HIV, history of smoking, type of the operation, experience of the surgeon, preoperative cytology, unsatisfactory colposcope and preoperative histology. Conclusions: The prevalence of a positive cone margin was rather high and depended on population, operativeprocedure, experience of the surgeon, preoperative cytology and histology. Physicians who perform cervical excision should take into account the risk factors in the management of cases with abnormal cytological screening for cervical cancer.
DVLA regulations concerning driving and psychiatric disorders

Driving during and after a psychiatric illness is an important area about which relatively little has been written. This paper reports on a questionnaire study aimed at seeking psychiatrists' knowledge and views on this issue. Of 187 questionnaires distributed 101 were returned, and replies indicated that psychiatrists are generally unaware of regulations currently in force. Suggestions on how to improve matters are mode.
Job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement : a diagnostic survey of nursing practitioners

The global scarcity of nursing staff is a challenge to healthcare systems worldwide and creative solutions are needed to address this shortage. Work engagement of nursing practitioners is one essential factor in ensuring a sustainable nursing workforce and sustainable healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, we diagnose the work engagement of nursing practitioners to identify the antecedents of work engagement of nursing practitioners of different nursing and age categories (using the Job Demands and Resources model). Secondly, we propose feasible remedial actions to healthcare management. A quantitative, ex post facto design was followed and data analysis included item analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, Partial Least Square (PLS) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings confirmed work engagement deficiencies. As antecedents, the job resources remuneration, participation, career possibilities, variety at work, independence at work, opportunities to learn, and information require intervention. The job demands of pace and amount of work, mental load, emotional load, ambiguities of work, and uncertainty about the future were also deficient. Feasible, practical recommendations were proposed for each work engagement antecedent that was found to be at an unfavourable level and therefore require intervention. A distinction was made between interventions for nursing staff of different ages and nursing categories where relevant. Significant contributions of this paper include the identification of work engagement deficiencies among nursing staff and mores, specifically the job demands and resources that will increase the work engagement of nursing practitioners in support of a sustainable South African healthcare system.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MALNUTRITION (UNDER NUTRITION) AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN A SECTION OF RURAL AREA

Prevalence of malnutrition is very high in India; especially in rural area. A cross sectional study was done in randomly selected six villages to estimate the prevalence and demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition among the under five children was 50.46%. Children from lower socioeconomic status, with low birth weight were significantly malnourished.
Antidepressants use in pediatric populations

In October of 2003, the FDA issued a public health warning stating that preliminary evidence showed selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and related antidepressants might be associated with excess reports of suicidality. In 2004, the FDA convened a committee of neuropsychiatric and pediatric subcommittee members and expert consultants to evaluate the safety of antidepressants in children and adolescents. The committee reviewed a meta-analysis of antidepressant use in pediatric patients and concluded that there was a causal link between pediatric antidepressant use and suicidality. In response, the FDA mandated that a ‘black box’ warning be added to the prescribing and promotional information for all antidepressants. The warning specifically states ‘antidepressants increase the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders’. Interestingly, the FDA tempered the warning with the following statement: ‘Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with an increased risk of suicide’. Therefore, in effect, the FDA has warned that both untreated depression and treatments for depression lead to suicidality. Now, 4 years later, the repercussions of the black box warning are becoming evident.
Clinical Outcomes of Adult Medulloblastoma: A Retrospective Analysis at a Single Institute

Objectives Adult medulloblastoma is a rare tumor, and few retrospective studies on medulloblastoma have been published to date. A standard treatment regimen has not yet been established. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with adult medulloblastoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all cases of adult medulloblastoma at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital between 2004 and 2007. There were 33 patients in total. Tumor removal followed by radiotherapy was performed in all patients. Five patients received maintenance chemotherapy after radiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression analysis. Results The median follow-up period was 73 months. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 45.5% ± 8.7% and 51.5% ± 8.7%, respectively. Recurrence or progression was observed in 21 patients, and 14 patients were still alive. Tumor location at the midline with infiltration to the floor of the fourth ventricle was associated with the worst PFS and OS (P = 0.032). Hemispheric desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastomas (DNMBs) were associated with a better outcome than midline DNMB. The average-risk group tended to have a better 5-year PFS rate than the high-risk group (P = 0.065). Conclusions Tumor location is an important prognostic marker for adulthood MB. We propose a molecular and clinical staging system should be established for adulthood MB. Further prospective clinical trials should be performed to draw a conclusion.
Effects of Etching on Zircon Grains and its Implications for the Fission Track Method

Studies of zircon grains using optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been carried out to characterize the surface of natural zircon as a function of etching time. According to the surface characteristics observed using an optical microscope after etching, the zircon grains were classified as: (i) homogeneous; (ii) anomalous, and (iii) hybrid. Micro-Raman results showed that, as etching time increases, the crystal lattice is slightly altered for homogeneous grains, it is completely damaged for anomalous grains, and it is altered in some areas for hybrid grains. The SEM (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS) results indicated that, independent of the grain types, where the crystallinity remains after etching, the chemical composition of zircon is approximately 33% SiO2:65% ZrO2 (standard natural zircon), and for areas where the grain does not have a crystalline structure, there are variations of ZrO2 and, mainly, SiO2. In addition, it is possible to observe a uniform surface density of fission tracks in grain areas where the determined crystal lattice and chemical composition are those of zircon. Regarding hybrid grains, we discuss whether the areas slightly altered by the chemical etching can be analyzed by the fission track method (FTM) or not. Results of zircon fission track and U-Pb dating show that hybrid and homogeneous grains can be used for dating, and not only homogeneous grains. More than 50 sedimentary samples from the Bauru Basin (southeast Brazil) were analyzed and show that only a small amount of grains are homogeneous (10%), questioning the validity of the rest of the grains for thermo-chronological evolution studies using zircon FTM dating.
From Bulk to Single-Cell Classification of the Filamentous Growing Streptomyces Bacteria by Means of Raman Spectroscopy

Classification of Raman spectra recorded from single cells is commonly applied to bacteria that exhibit small sizes of approximately 1 to 2 μm. Here, we study the possibility to adopt this classification approach to filamentous bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. The hyphae can reach extensive lengths of up to 35 μm, which can correspond to a single cell identified in light microscopy. The classification of Raman bulk spectra will be demonstrated. Here, ultraviolet resonance Raman (UV RR) spectroscopy is chosen to classify six Streptomyces species by the application of a tree-like classifier. For each knot of the hierarchical classifier, estimated classification accuracies of over 94% are accomplished. In contrast to the classification of bulk spectra, the classification of single-cell spectra requires a homogenous substance distribution within the cell. Consequently, the bacterial cell chemistry can be represented by one individual spectrum. This requirement is not fulfilled when different spectra are processed from different locations within the cell. Bacteria of the investigated genus Streptomyces exhibit, besides the normal bacterial spectra, lipid-rich spectra. The occurrence of lipid enrichment depends on culture age and nutrition availability. With this study, we investigate the cell substance distribution, especially of lipid-rich fractions. The classification utilizing a tree-like classifier is also applied to the Streptomyces single-cell spectra, resulting in classification accuracies between 80 and 93% for the investigated Streptomyces species.
Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Klinik Değerlendirmeye Genel Bakış: Güçlükler ve Öneriler

Hemsirelik egitimi teorik ve uygulamadan olusmaktadir. Hemsire egiticilerin gorevi, hemsirenin temel sorumlulugu olan bakim dogrultusunda, teorik ve uygulamanin butunlesmesini saglamaktir. Klinik egitim, ogrencilerin yaparak ve yasayarak ogrenmesine olanak saglamakla birlikte, ogrenmeyi etkileyen kosullarin kontrolunun sinirli oldugu bir ortamda gerceklesmektedir. Bu durum egitimi ve onun bir parcasi olan degerlendirmeyi etkilemektedir. Bu makalede hemsirelikte klinik egitimin degerlendirilmesi genel cercevede ele alinmis, degerlendirmeyi etkileyen faktorlere, yasanan gucluklere ve onerilere yer verilmistir .
A human embryonic stem cell-derived clonal progenitor cell line with chondrogenic potential and markers of craniofacial mesenchyme.

AIMS We screened 100 diverse human embryonic stem-derived progenitor cell lines to identify novel lines with chondrogenic potential. MATERIALS & METHODS The 4D20.8 cell line was compared with mesenchymal stem cells and dental pulp stem cells by assessing osteochondral markers using immunohistochemical methods, gene expression microarrays, quantitative real-time PCR and in vivo repair of rat articular condyles. RESULTS 4D20.8 expressed the site-specific gene markers LHX8 and BARX1 and robustly upregulated chondrocyte markers upon differentiation. Differentiated 4D20.8 cells expressed relatively low levels of COL10A1 and lacked IHH and CD74 expression. Transplantation of 4D20.8 cells into experimentally induced defects in the femoral condyle of athymic rats resulted in cartilage and bone differentiation approximating that of the original tissue architecture. Relatively high COL2A1 and minimal COL10A1 expression occurred during differentiation in HyStem-C hydrogel with TGF-β3 and GDF-5. CONCLUSION Human embryonic stem cell-derived embryonic progenitor cell lines may provide a novel means of generating purified site-specific osteochondral progenitor cell lines that are useful in research and therapy.
The global landscape of stem cell clinical trials.

AIM To provide a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials (CTs) listed in worldwide registries involving new applications for stem cell-based treatments and account for the role of industry. MATERIALS & METHODS We developed a data set of 4749 stem cell CTs up to 2013 in worldwide registries. We defined 1058 novel CTs (i.e., trials that were not observational in nature; did not involve an established stem cell therapy for an established indication, such as hematopoietic stem cells for leukemia; and did not investigate supportive measures). Based on trial descriptions, we manually coded these for eight additional elements. RESULTS Our analysis details the characteristics of novel stem cell CTs (e.g., stem cell types being tested, disease being targeted, and whether interventions were autologous or allogeneic), geotemporal trends, and private sector involvement as sponsor or collaborator. CONCLUSION The field is progressing at a steady pace with emerging business models for stem cell therapeutics. However, therapeutic rhetoric must be tempered to reflect current clinical and research realities.
Therapeutic efficacy of multipotent adult progenitor cells versus mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

AIM In this study, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells (mMAPCs) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, and compared it with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). MATERIALS & METHODS We administered PKH26-labeled mMAPC and mMSC into EAE mice and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS The mMAPC-treated mice in comparison with the mMSC group exhibited a higher suppression of EAE (p < 0.05), and a higher fold expression of neuronal genes GAP43, NG2, PDGFR, Nestin, SMI 32, BDNF and NT 3 in spinal cord (p < 0.05), suggesting a better neuroprotective and regenerative potential of mMAPC than mMSC. CONCLUSION MAPC may be a potential cell type, which is superior to mesenchymal stem cell for the treatment of EAE/multiple sclerosis.
The prevalence of malnutrition in children admitted to a general paediatric ward at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital: A cross-sectional survey

Background . The prevalence of malnutrition, an important contributor to childhood mortality, is poorly described in hospitalised South African (SA) children, many of whom are HIV-exposed or HIV-infected. Objectives . To describe the prevalence of malnutrition in infants and children <14 years of age admitted to a general paediatric ward at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Soweto, SA, and to compare the nutritional status of infants <18 months of age who were HIV-unexposed, HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) or HIV-infected. Methods . A cross-sectional nutritional survey was conducted on 222 admitted children. A total of 139 infants were <18 months of age. Results . Stunting was the most common form of malnutrition (40.5%), followed by underweight-for-age (33.3%) and wasting (23.4%). Of 175 children aged <5 years, 22 (12.6%) were severely wasted. Twenty-four (10.8%) children were HIV-infected: 6 children were <18 months, 3 were ≥18 months but <5 years and 15 children were ≥5 years. For children ≤18 months, HEU children (n=56) were significantly more underweight and stunted than their HIV-unexposed peers (n=77); weight-for-age and height-for-age median z-scores for these groups were –1.81 v. –0.63 (p=0.0038) and –2.51 v. –0.51 (p=0.004), respectively. Conclusion . Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalised children, with stunting being the most common form. The prevalence of HIVinfection is decreasing in younger children, but HEU children, who constitute a large proportion of total hospital admissions, have high rates of malnutrition, especially stunting.f
The Illinois Women'S Health Registry: Advancing Women'S Health Research and Education in Illinois, USA

To achieve the goal of personalized medicine, we must first improve our understanding of the differences in health and illness between men and women. The purpose of the Illinois Women's Health Registry (USA) is to provide a research and education tool that advances scientific knowledge of sex- and gender-based differences in health and disease. Specifically, the Registry is a confidential 30-min health and lifestyle survey for female residents of Illinois over the age of 18 years. The survey includes questions regarding health, environment, health-related behaviors, symptoms and illnesses or conditions that a participant may have now or has had in the past. By enrolling in the Registry, women throughout the state are provided with information and access to clinical research studies that they may be eligible for, based on their self-reported health information. The Registry not only serves as a platform for recruitment into pivotal research studies, but also represents the beginning of a state-wide database that enables researchers to examine the collective de-identified health information provided by women living in Illinois. Ultimately, a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of these data will help to clarify the issues that women themselves identify as their main health concerns. In response to these concerns, specific research studies can be designed and launched, allowing us to eventually deliver tailored treatment and prevention options to women. Finally, by creating a reliable state-focused research tool, developed by staff that are trained in women's health research, we can compare health issues across the state and apply strategies for improvement where it is needed most. This article will provide examples of sex differences in disease, the lack of federal enforcement for inclusion of women in studies, researcher-perceived burdens and sex-based reasons as to why recruitment of women is considered to be more challenging. In addition, this article will discuss what a women's health registry is and why we need one in Illinois, how we have recruited women and our successes and challenges. Our goal is to inform the reader about the utility of a state-based tool and to provide a discussion regarding the lessons learned in order to aid other states in implementing this kind of program.
Global and regional estimates of violence against women

The report presents a global systematic review of scientific data on the prevalence of two forms of violence against women: violence by an intimate partner (intimate partner violence) and sexual violence by someone other than a partner (non-partner sexual violence). It shows global and regional estimates of the prevalence of these two forms of violence, using data from around the world. The report details the effects of partner and non-partner sexual violence on several aspects of women’s health. It shows that women who have experienced intimate partner violence have higher rates of depression, HIV, injury and death, and are more likely to have low birth weight babies, than those who haven’t. Though research on the health effects of non-partner sexual violence is more limited, the evidence clearly shows that sexual violence has both long- and short-term debilitating effects on women’s mental health and well-being. Report developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and the South African Medical Research Council (MRC).