Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Mycobacterium avium Genotypes with Distinctive Traits by Combination of IS1245-Based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Restriction Analysis of hsp65

ABSTRACT One-hundred eight Mycobacterium avium isolates from pigs, humans, birds, and bovines were typed by the IS1245-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) of hsp65. Nine clusters of isolates showing more than 80% similarity in their RFLP profiles were detected. The largest cluster (cluster B) included 32 of 79 pig isolates (40.5%), 3 of 25 human isolates (12%), and 1 of 2 bovine isolates, comprising 33% of all isolates. The second largest cluster (cluster A) included 18 pig isolates (22.8%) and 6 human isolates (24%). Six smaller clusters included six pig isolates (clusters C and D), four and two human isolates (clusters E and F, respectively), two pig isolates (cluster I), and two pig isolates plus one bovine isolate and the avian purified protein derivative strain (cluster H). Cluster G represented the “bird-type” profile and included the bird isolate in this series, one pig isolate, plus reference strain R13. PRA revealed four allelic variants. Seventy-seven isolates were identified as M. avium PRA variant I, 24 were identified as M. avium PRA variant II, 6 were identified as M. avium PRA variant III, and 1 was identified as M. avium PRA variant IV. Except for three isolates from cluster B, each of the RFLP clusters was associated with a single PRA pattern. Isolates with unique (nonclustered) RFLP profiles were distributed between PRA variants I and II, and there was one unique isolate of PRA variant IV. These observations are consistent with divergent evolution within M. avium, resulting in the emergence of distinct lineages with particular competence to infect animals and humans.
Dimensions of online community attributes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop online community attributes based on Preece's sociability and usability framework to assess how online community attributes hosted by retailers or national brand companies may generate positive outcomes for consumers. Also, this study seeks to examine the effects of attribute dimensions on consumer benefits to verify its predictability.Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was administered in South Korea. A questionnaire was constructed which contained 26 items measuring online community attributes. These items were developed by the researchers to measure seven dimensions defining Preece's sociability and usability conceptual framework. The items were based on examples of determinants and measures of successful online communities. The Korean sample consisted of 135 male and 216 female adults in a large metropolitan area in South Korea.Findings – Results partially supported Preece's sociability and usability framework. Results show three online com.
Iopamidol Compared with Conray in Peripheral Angiography

In patients with arteriosclerotic disease in the legs, peripheral angiography was performed double blind with the non-ionic contrast medium Iopamidol and the ionic medium iothalamate meglumine (Conray 60). Iopamidol caused less subjective adverse effects and less changes in blood pressure.
Exploring user contributed information in social computing systems: quantity versus quality

Purpose – The objective of this paper is to explore empirically the relationship between quantity and quality of user contributed information in online social computing systems, and how these two performance outcomes are associated with user factors. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from prior research, the paper presents a conceptual model hypothesizing a tradeoff between quality and quantity of user contributed information. In addition quality and quantity are associated with a set of motivational, cognitive, and social factors. The model was tested using data obtained through a web-based survey of 345 users of the Flickr online photo sharing community. Findings – The empirical results support the hypothesized inverse relationship between quantity and quality of user contributed information, moderated by user's tenure in the community. The findings also suggest that a user's quantity of contribution is positively associated with the intrinsic motivation of commitment to the community, whereas quali.
Investigating the Impact of Microeconomic Factors on Stock Returns: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul

In this study, we investigate the role of microeconomic factors in explaining stock returns of firms quoted at Borsa Istanbul. We employ a four factor model for the period between July 2005 and June 2013. The factors we employ in the model are, market factor, firm size, book-to-market ratio and momentum factor. Our findings suggest that market factor impacts returns of all shares. Similarly, size factor also impacts most of stock returns. Nevertheless, influence of BE/ME factor appears to be rather limited. Finally, momentum factor has an adverse effect on stock retuns. Only past losers seem to impact stock returns.
Small-Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth is Associated With Concurrent Intestinal Inflammation But Not With Systemic Inflammation in Crohn’s Disease Patients

Goals: We studied the prevalence and predictors of small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in Crohn’s disease (CD) outpatients and the relationship between SIBO and intestinal and/or systemic inflammation. Background: The relationship of SIBO with systemic and intestinal inflammation in CD patients is unclear. Study: In this cross-sectional study, conducted between June, 2013 and January, 2015, 92 CD patients and 97 controls with nonchronic gastrointestinal complaints were assessed for the presence of SIBO using the H2/CH4 glucose breath test. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the potential association between SIBO and demographic, disease-related data, systemic markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), and biomarker of intestinal inflammation [fecal calprotectin concentration (FCC)]. Results: The SIBO rate was significantly higher in CD patients than in controls (32.6% vs. 12.4%, respectively, P=0.0008). Patients with and without SIBO were comparable with regard to demographics, systemic inflammatory biomarkers, and disease characteristics, except for the stricturing phenotype being more common in SIBO-positive CD patients (43.3% vs. 19.3%, P=0.015). Notably, FCC was significantly higher in SIBO-positive patients (median of 485.8 vs.132.7 &mgr;g/g; P=0.004). Patients presenting increased FCC and stricturing disease had an odds of 9.43 (95% confidence interval, 3.04-11.31; P<0.0001) and 3.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.54-6.75; P=0.025) respectively, for SIBO diagnosis. Conclusions: In CD patients, SIBO is a highly prevalent condition. Stricturing phenotype and increased FCC were strongly and independently associated with the presence of SIBO. SIBO diagnostic work-up followed by directed treatment is recommended in CD patients who present stricturing disease, especially in those with concurrent intestinal inflammation.
Public Libraries: Partnerships, Funding and Relevance

Libraries help build social capital in their communities by various means. This paper reviews practical ways public libraries can work with children and their families to provide better learning outcomes, and promote literacy and numeracy skills in culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Examples of community partnerships from public libraries across Australia are used as discussion points. The issue of funding is also considered in the light of experiences in North America and the UK. Demonstrated are specific library programs which encourage building on the strengths of the community and working in partnership with a wide range of government, business and not for profit organisations.
The South African anti-money laundering regulatory framework relevant to politically exposed persons

iii GLOSSARY OF TERMS xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xxi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The precepts of money laundering 1 1.2 International Anti-Money Laundering Regulatory Frameworks 3 1.3 The South African Anti-Money Laundering Regulatory Framework 5 1.4 A risk based approach to anti-money laundering 6 1.5 The significance of politically exposed persons 9 1.6 Anti-money laundering regulatory frameworks relevant to politically exposed persons 12 1.7 The purpose of the research study 16 1.7. 1 Research problem 16 1.7. 2 Research objectives 17 1.7. 3 Research approach 18 1.7. 4 Research limitations 19 1.8 Research design 19 1.9 Research methodology 20
The Preventative Effect of Dietary Apostichopus japonicus on Intestinal Microflora Dysregulation in Immunosuppressive Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide

Sea cucumbers are recognized as food and drug resources with many nutritional benefits, and Apostichopus japonicus is a kind of sea cucumber with good quality. Processing methods have some effect on its quality. This study aimed to explore the effects of Apostichopus japonicus with three different processing methods (dried, instant, and enzymatic sea cucummbers) on intestinal microflora dysregulation using a cyclophosphamide (cy) induced immunosuppressive mouse model. The expression of lysozyme, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the intestine and gut microbiota were investigated. The results showed that three types of A. japonicus could improve mucosal immunity and regulate gut microbiota. Dietary A. japonicus could reverse microbial imbalance, including increasing the bacterial diversity, enhancing the number of Bifidobacterium, and changing the bacterial composition. The most effect was observed with dried A. japonicus. Expression of lysozyme and IgA in the intestine was significantly increased. This study identified positive effects of dietary A. japonicus on mucosal immunity, particularly on gut microbiota, suggesting that dietary A. japonicus may aid in improving mucosal immunity and preventing exogenous infection. Additionally, the processing method has some effect on immunomodulatory function.
Why are there so few women on South African company boards

The purpose of this research is to investigate why there are so few women on South African company boards. Since the first democratic elections in South Africa, diversity has been in the focal point to correct the discrimination and inequalities of the past; however the gender diversity has not been very successful on company boards. Exploratory or qualitative research methodology was employed based on semistructured interviews with a non-probability sample of 13 respondents. All respondents were women who served on company board as directors. They were from various sectors of the economy and served in various capacities on the boards. This study found that the market and the shareholder profiles have diversified considerably, however the company boards have not changed significantly. The gender gap maybe narrowing on company boards however the levels of discrimination and inequalities are still very high. Gender stereotypes continue to inform many decisions in business, including those of board appointments. The study also found that for transformation to occur successfully, leadership had to play a major role. Government has implemented sound regulatory systems that encourage diversity and it is now up to the leadership in companies to take the responsibility and give women opportunities to participate in business through boards. Government, through policies and regulations, continue to play a crucial role in facilitating transformation however the pace of change remains sluggish. Leadership has a critical role to play because the purpose of the policies and regulations is not only to get companies to achieve compliance, but to create equal opportunities for all South Africans.
Exploring Motivation and Barriers to Physical Activity among Active and Inactive Australian Adults

Physical inactivity is a major global public health issue associated with a range of chronic disease outcomes. As such, the underlying motivation and barriers to whether or not an individual engages in physical activity is of critical public health importance. This study examines the National Heart Foundation of Australia Heart Week Survey conducted in March 2015. A total of 894 (40% female) Australian adults aged 25–54 years completed the survey, including items relating to motivation and barriers to being physically active. The most frequently selected responses regarding motivation for physical activity among those categorised as active (n = 696) were; to lose or maintain weight (36.6%, 95% CI 33.1–40.3), avoid or manage health condition (17.8%, 95% CI 15.1–20.8), and improve appearance (12.8%, 95% CI 10.5–15.5). Some gender differences were found with a greater proportion of females (43.8%, 95% CI 38.0–49.8) reporting lose or maintain weight as their main motivation for being physically active compared to males (31.9%, 95% CI 27.7–36.6). Among those categorised as inactive (n = 198), lack of time (50.0%, 95% CI 43.0–56.8) was the most frequently reported barrier to physical activity. While empirical studies seek to understand the correlates and determinants of physical activity, it is critical that beliefs and perceptions enabling and prohibiting engagement are identified in order to optimise physical activity promotion in the community.
Association of IL2RA polymorphisms with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis is not explained by missense mutations in IL2RA

Genome-wide association studies have identified an association between two intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12722489 and rs2104286, in the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene (IL2RA) and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied these SNPs in association with susceptibility to and severity of MS in a population-based cohort of 220 patients from Olmsted County, Minnesota, compared with 442 matched controls. We sequenced the exons, splice sites and 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions in 27 randomly selected MS patients (powered for allele frequency ≥0.04) to search for mutations. No novel missense mutation was identified. Two patients (7.5%) had an exon 2 SNP (rs4308625) and two patients had an exon 4 SNP (rs2228149), both synonymous.
Early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: rationale, evidence, and implications

In recent years the therapeutic attitude towards rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has changed considerably. Now, the disease is treated in an increasingly earlier phase and also more aggressively.1As is often the case in medicine, the process leading to this change in therapeutic attitude is not easy to unravel, as it might consist of a mixture of (seemingly) rational arguments and instinctive feelings, including dissatisfaction with current therapeutic modalities, new therapeutic options, changed insights into the pathogenesis, new hypotheses, etc. In this article we will focus on the early treatment principle, being related to, but definitely distinct from the topic of more aggressive treatment of the disease, which will not primarily be dealt with here. We will briefly mention the rationale for treating patients with RA as early as possible, and thereafter review the current evidence available for this change in therapeutic attitude. Finally, we mention possible consequences of early treatment of RA, both for teaching and training as well as for the health care system. A number of observations and arguments have led in the recent past to earlier (and more aggressive) treatment of RA. It has become clear that the way of treatment prevailing until recently, was insufficient to prevent ultimate disability and joint destruction.2Furthermore, RA, especially its more severe and systemic forms, is not only a disabling disease, but also associated with increased mortality.2 3 In the past years, it has become clear from a number of studies that in the “natural history” of RA, joint destruction occurs relatively early in the disease—that is, in the first years after onset.4 A hopeful finding of some years ago, was that in those patients that were apparently treated successfully (or had a spontaneous remission) progression of joint destruction had decreased or even stopped.5 As …
A bacteriological survey of washrooms and toilets

SUMMARY A survey of the bacterial flora present at various positions in 130 male and female washrooms and toilets is reported. Several bacteria of faecal origin were found in large numbers: the areas likely to be the most important sources of cross-infection from faecal contamination are indicated. The results are used to assess priorities for disinfection.
Informed Options Trading Prior to M&A Announcements: Insider Trading?

We document pervasive informed trading activity in equity options before M&A announcements. About 25% of takeovers have positive abnormal volumes. These volume patterns indicate that informed traders are likely using bullish directional strategies for the target and volatility strategies for the acquirer. We show that this abnormal activity cannot be explained by deal predictability, speculation, news and rumors, trading of corporate insiders, or leakage in the stock market. While the SEC litigates only about 7% of deals in our sample, the characteristics of illegal option trades before M&A announcements they prosecute closely resemble the documented patterns of unusual options activity.
Future directions in breast imaging.

Breast cancer imaging has improved dramatically over the last decade, with higher and more uniform quality standards for mammography, the increasinguse of sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the widespread availability of imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy for clinically occult disease. This review paper describes the limitations that exist in the current state of the art for breast cancer imaging for detection and diagnosis. Four broad areas of future investigation are described in detail. First, we discuss the use of newer versions of mammography, such as digital mammography, with tomosynthesis and digital subtraction mammography. Secondly, new screening for occult disease might be improved through individualized strategies that stratify by patient risk, for example, through more rigorous screening with new and different tools for women at high risk. Third, the use of tools that might be useful for less invasive therapy of breast cancer with imaging to monitor the efficacy of the therapy is discussed. Finally, we describe the use of imaging tomonitor and adjust neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in the course of therapy for advanced breast cancers when the risk of death is high.
Remarks on minimal round functions

We describe the structure of minimal round functions on compact closed surfaces and three-dimensional manifolds. The minimal possible number of critical loops is determined and typical non-equisingular round function germs are interpreted in the spirit of isolated line singularities. We also discuss a version of Lusternik-Schnirelmann theory suitable for round functions.
Systemic Thrombolysis with rt-PA in Patients under 40 Years of Age: A Subgroup Analysis of the Cologne Stroke Experience

Background: While the application of intravenous systemic thrombolysis (IVT) with rt-PA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) in older patients is currently moving into the focus of epidemiological studies, only few data are available regarding the application in young patients ≤40 years. Single-center data of a thrombolysis register were analyzed with respect to safety and efficacy of the treatment of young patients. Methods: In a retrospective subgroup analysis of 450 patients treated by IVT within a 3-hour time window, patients ≤40 years were identified (n = 20). Clinical data [age, pretherapeutic stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS), OTT (onset to-treatment time), rt-PA-dose, DNT (door[-]to[-]needle time), rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages] and medical history were determined. The clinical outcome was assessed by the mRS (modified Rankin Scale). The results were compared to those of patients >40 years (n = 430). Results: Twenty patients ≤40 years (mean age 32 years) out of 450 patients (4%) were treated by IVT. The percentage of predisposing diseases and vascular risk factors was significantly lower when compared to patients >40 years (p < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of smokers was significantly higher (55 vs. 24%; p < 0.05). In comparison to patients >40 years, OTT, DNT and NIHSS at admission were not significantly different. After 3 months, 11 of 20 young patients (55%) showed a favorable outcome (mRS 0–1) and 80% were functionally independent (mRS 0–2). In the group of patients >40 years (n = 430), the respective percentages were significantly lower [p < 0.05; 34% (mRS 0–1) and 52% (mRS 0–2), respectively]. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages were not observed (in patients >40 years: 4%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In comparison to the cohort of patients >40 years, IVT in young patients is safe and leads to a significantly better outcome after 3 months. Our data therefore encourage the use of IVT in young patients.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biological Changes in Injured Intervertebral Discs Under Normal and Increased Mechanical Demands

Study Design An animal model was used to examine the short‐term tissue response to changes in the mechanical environment after the structure (disc) is mechanically injured. Objectives To observe changes in an injured intervertebral disc and the corresponding motion segment when the mechanical demands of the disc were increased by fusion of the adjacent motion segments. Summary of Background Data Disc degeneration has been modeled in animals by producing a tear in the anulus via laminectomy, laparotomy, or posterolaterally. Methods of altering and quantifying the mechanics of the intervertebral joint by use of internal fixation and fusion in the canine have been developed. Methods Eight dogs divided into two groups (a study and a control group) had anular stab wounds (L2‐L3). The study group was surgically instrumented posteriorly from L3 to L7. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were conducted for all animals before and periodically after the surgical procedures. At the end of the study, the segments were processed histologically and biochemically. Results Anular bulging was seen on magnetic resonance imaging in all control animals 4 months after injury and did not progress out until 6 months after injury. Similar changes were seen in study animals, but 75% were herniated by 6 months. Histologic changes correlated with magnetic resonance imaging changes. No significant difference in water or proteoglycan content of the disc tissue between groups was found. Conclusions Progression from the bulging of the anulus to herniation was not evident in damaged discs not subjected to adjacent fusions. No change in water or proteoglycan content as a function of altered mechanical state was found, suggesting the short‐term effect of the altered mechanics is on the mechanical structure and not on the cells or extracellular matrix.
The drivers of corporate social responsibility : a critical review

The paper criticises the dominant discourse of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by examining six sets of factors conventionally considered as promoting outcomes consistent with core principles of social responsibility: intra-organizational factors, competitive dynamics, institutional investors, end-consumers, government regulators and non-governmental organizations. Each factor is addressed conceptually, empirically, and with respect to its likely future significance in promoting outcomes consistent with CSR. Our overall conclusions are not promising on any of these dimensions.