Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic reduction of gaseous and solution CO to energy 2 products using Ag / TiO and Cu / TiO in CuCl solution

INTRODUCTION Optimization of operating parameters using response surface methodology for adsorption of crystal violet by activated carbon prepared from mango kernel 1 2 1, Prasad Sudamalla, Pichiah Saravanan and Manickam Matheswaran * Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015, India Department of Civil Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
The Use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Framework on Educational Planning: Promoting an Environmental Approach

Portugal was the first country decreeing the formal use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as basis for guiding assessment and planning processes within the special education field. Compared to traditional approaches, the ICF places a greater emphasis on understanding environmental contexts and their influence on human functioning. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of its use on improving the environmental approach on assessment and intervention processes. A content and semantic analysis was carried out on 280 IEPs designed before and after the ICF use for 140 students in need of special supports. Results revealed that the assessment process of a same student included a wider spectrum of environmental factors when designed using ICF framework. This step forward on assessment processes still needs to trigger the person-environment fit perspective o n intervention planning. The analysis of environmental factors’ influence on students functioning (Body Functions and Activities and Participation) is seen as the guiding principle for the ICF use improvement supporting the IEPs design.
Does female employment reduce fertility rates? Evidence from the Senegalese horticultural export sector

The recent horticultural export boom in Senegal has created new off-farm wage employment opportunities for the rural population, especially for women. We hypothesise that female wage employment may lower fertility rates through an income effect, an empowerment effect and a substitution effect, and address this question empirically using household survey data and two different regression techniques (a Difference-in-Differences estimator and an Instrumental Variable approach). We find that besides education, female employment has a significant negative effect on fertility rates. Reducing fertility rates is considered as a prerequisite for reaching the MDGs, and our finding implies that the horticultural export boom and associated employment may indirectly contribute to this.
Searching for large-scale structures around high-redshift radio galaxies with Herschel

This paper presents the first results of a far-infrared search for protocluster-associated galaxy overdensities using the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REciever (SPIRE) instrument on-board the Herschel Space Observatory. Large (∼400 arcmin2) fields surrounding 26 powerful high-redshift radio galaxies (2.0 1028.5 WHz−1) are mapped at 250, 350 and 500 μm to give a unique wide-field sample. On average, the fields have a higher than expected, compared to blank fields, surface density of 500 μm sources within 6 comoving Mpc of the radio galaxy. The analysis is then restricted to potential protocluster members only, which are identified using a far-infrared colour selection; this reveals significant overdensities of galaxies in two fields, neither of which are previously known protoclusters. The probability of finding two overdensities of this size by chance, given the number of fields observed, is 5 × 10−4. Overdensities here exist around radio galaxies with L500 MHz ≳ 1029 WHz−1 and z 1014 M⊙. However, the large uncertainty in the redshift estimation means that it is possible that these far-infrared overdensities consist of several structures across the redshift range searched.
Correlation between the third trimester maternal anxiety and neonatal pain during invasive procedures

Background & Aim : Neonatal period is one of the most high-risk stages of human life affected by some factors associated to pre- and post-delivery stages, such as invasive procedures. Anxiety is found to be one of the most common psychological disorders during prenatal period, especially the third trimester. Until now, significant negative consequences of anxiety on newborn’s health are reported. The main objective for the present research was to determine the correlation between the third trimester maternal anxiety and neonatal pain during invasive procedures. Methods & Materials : In this longitudinal study, anxiety was measured using self-administered Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for 75 pregnant mothers referred to hospitals of Bandar-Abbas city, Iran, for routine prenatal care during the third trimester of pregnancy and subsequently after delivery. The physiologic and behavioral responses of their newborn to pain during invasive procedures were evaluated using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Data analysis was carried out using IBM-SPSS Statistics and descriptive-analytic statistical tests (Pearson correlation). Results : The findings showed no significant correlation between total average scores of the third trimester maternal anxiety and average scores of newborn pain (P = 0.13). However, there was a significant negative correlation between the mother’s trait anxiety and the newborn’s mean pain score (P = 0.04). Conclusion : Based on our findings, it can be concluded that the anxiety of pregnant women during pregnancy may weaken the newborn’s response to pain. This decreased sensitivity to pain in newborns can be a result of rising of maternal stress hormones in response to chronic stressors, which may have negative effects on development of newborns’ nervous system. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and alleviate pregnant women’s anxiety. In addition, more researches can shed light on this issue.
Mechanical properties of two-dimensional materials and heterostructures

Mechanical properties are of fundamental importance in materials science and engineering, and have been playing a great role in various materials applications in the human history. Measurements of mechanical properties of 2-dimensional (2D) materials, however, are particularly challenging. Although various types of 2D materials have been intensively explored in recent years, the investigation of their mechanical properties lags much behind that of other properties, leading to lots of open questions and challenges in this research field. In this review, we first introduce the nanoindentation technique with atomic force microscopy to measure the elastic properties of graphene and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Then we review the effect of defects on mechanical properties of 2D materials, including studies on naturally defective chemical-vapor-deposited and intentionally defective 2D materials. Lastly, we introduce a nano-electromechanical device, resonators, built on the basis of the excellent mechanical properties of 2D materials.
Phylogenetic grouping and virulence gene profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from chicken

Colibacillosis is a disease caused by avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and is one of the principle cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry worldwide which is represented by a complex syndrome characterized by multiple organ lesions. This study was carried out to determine phylogenetic grouping and virulence associated genes contained by E. coli isolates which is related in causing disease in chicken. E. coli isolates obtained from clinical cases of Veterinary Research Institute were re-identified by conventional methods. Phylogenetic grouping of the isolates was determined by triplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the presence of eight virulence genes were identified by multiplex PCR. A total of 125 E. coli isolates were subjected to analysis of phylogenetic background and virulence associated genes profiling. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that most of the E. coli isolated from chicken in this study belonged to group B1 (36.0%), group D (28.0%), group A (27.2%) and group B2 (8.8%). Multiplex PCR analysis demonstrated that 96 (78.6%) of the E. coli isolates harbored at least one virulence gene, while 29 (23.3%) did not contain any virulence genes tested. The most prevalent virulence genes identified were iss (51.2%), followed by iucD (36.0%), tsh (32.8%), vat (16.0%), astA (13.6%), irp2 (11. 2%), papC (9.6%) and the least is cva/cvi gene (0%). None of the isolates harbored more than four virulence genes. Each of phylogenetic groups presented with different combinations of virulence genes, with no specific combinations of virulence genes found to correlate with E. coli phylogroups. None of the E. coli isolates harbored more than four virulence genes, suggesting that E. coli isolates from chicken in this study appear to be derived from commensal strains and may relate to environmental predispose factors especially stress factors in the host to establish infection.
Separation of Sunlight and Temperature Effects on the Composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Berries

Anthocyanin and phenolic profiles of berry skins from Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot in the Yakima Valley of Washington were influenced by sun exposure and temperature in 1999 and 2000. Growing degree days (base 10°C) accumulated between veraison and harvest were lower in 2000 than in 1999. Total skin monomeric anthocyanin (TSMA) concentrations were higher in 2000 than in 1999 in any given treatment. Berry temperature was increased as much as 13°C above ambient and shaded cluster temperatures when clusters were exposed to sunlight, regardless of aspect for north-south oriented rows. However, maximum fruit temperatures were higher for clusters on the west side of the canopy because ambient temperatures were higher after 1200 hr. Temperatures of west-exposed clusters at times exceeded 40°C. East-exposed clusters had higher TSMA concentrations than west-exposed or shaded clusters. To separate light and temperature effects, west-exposed clusters were cooled to the temperature of shaded clusters and shaded clusters were heated to the temperature of west-exposed clusters. Exposure to sunlight increased TSMA concentrations regardless of temperature in both years. In 1999 and 2000, cooling sun-exposed clusters increased TSMA concentrations. Heating shaded clusters decreased TSMA concentrations in 1999, but had no effect during the cooler ripening period of 2000. Ultraviolet (UV) light barriers did not influence either cluster temperature or TSMA concentrations. Decreased TSMA concentrations in berry skins from west-exposed clusters were due to temperature and not to UV radiation. Exposure to solar radiation increased concentrations of the 3-glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin. In 2000, sun-exposed clusters, regardless of aspect, had almost 10 times greater concentrations of total flavonols than shaded clusters. UV-light barriers significantly reduced individual and total flavonol concentrations, while temperature had little to no effect on their concentrations.
Essential oil composition of Mentha longifolia from wild populations growing in Tajikistan

Mentha longifolia selections, collected from three different sites in south-central Tajikistan, were analyzed to determine essential oil constituency. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation of the plants and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. A total of 82 compounds were identified, representing 84.5-99.0% of total oil composition. Although qualitatively similar, the Tajikistan M. longifolia samples did show quantitative differences. The major components and their percentage of the oil were cis-piperitone epoxide (7.8-77.6%), piperitenone oxide (1.5-49.1%), carvone (0.0-21.5%), pulegone (0.3-5.4%), menthone (0.016.6%), thymol (1.5-4.2%), β-thujone (0.2-3.2%), carvacrol (0.0-2.7%), and (E)-caryophyllene (0.92.5%). INTRODUCTION The mints, Mentha species belonging to the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae), are widely distributed in Eurasia, Australia, and South and North Africa (Gulluce et al., 2007; Lange and Croteau, 1999). Various species of Mentha have been used as folk remedies for treatment of bronchitis, flatulence, anorexia, ulcerative colitis and liver complaints, due to their anti-inflammatory, carminative, antiemetic, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, analgesic, stimulant, emmenagogue, and anticatharral activities (Al-Bayati, 2009; Džamic et al., 2010; Gulluce et al., 2007; Hajlaoui et al., 2010; Hussain, 2009; Mimica-Dukic et al., 1991; Mkaddem et al., 2009; Oyedeji and Afolayan, 2006; Rasooli and Rezaei, 2002; Viljoen et al., 2006). The active virtues of the mints depend on the abundant volatile oils that contain a wide variety of terpenes and terpenoids. The mint species, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. , has been commonly used as a kitchen and medicinal plant for centuries. Known as wild mint and horse mint, the plant can reach to 1.5 m high in favorable conditions. The plant has a strong aroma. The objectives of this study were to analyze the composition of the oil of Mentha longifolia growing wild in different areas of Tajikistan. In this report, the essential oil compositions of five samples collected at three sites in south-central Tajikistan. To our knowledge, no previous reports on M. longifolia essential oil in this area have been made. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material. Aerial parts of M. longifolia were collected from the three regions of Tajikistan. Samples numbered 1, 2, and 4 were gathered in the area of Korvon village, Dushanbe (38.506044N, 68.751535E, 800 m above sea level), on 25 April 2010. Sample number 3 was gathered in the area of Khonaobod village, Muminobod region (38.107547 N, 69.966431 E, 1200 m above sea level), on 7 May 2010, and sample number 5 was gathered in the Chormaghzak village area, Yovon region, (38.417502 N, 69.172175 E, 1300 m above sea level), on 25 July 2010. The plants were identified by F. S. Sharopov, Sharopov et al.: Essential oil composition of Mentha longifolia from wild populati
Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review

Background: Patient, public, consumer, and community (P2C2) engagement in organization-, community-, and systemlevel healthcare decision-making is increasing globally, but its formal evaluation remains challenging. To define a taxonomy of possible P2C2 engagement metrics and compare existing evaluation tools against this taxonomy, we conducted a systematic review. Methods: A broad search strategy was developed for English language publications available from January 1962 through April 2015 in PubMed, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO, EconLit, and the gray literature. A publication was excluded if: (1) the setting was not healthcare delivery (ie, we excluded non-health sectors, such as urban planning; research settings; and public health settings not involving clinical care delivery); (2) the P2C2 engagement was episodic; or (3) the concept of evaluation or possible evaluation metrics were absent. To be included as an evaluation tool, publications had to contain an evaluative instrument that could be employed with minimal modification by a healthcare organization. Results: A total of 199 out of 3953 publications met exclusion and inclusion criteria. These were qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis to create a comprehensive taxonomy of 116 possible metrics for evaluating P2C2 engagement. 44 outcome metrics were grouped into three domains (internal, external, and aggregate outcomes) that included six subdomains: impact on engagement participants, impact on services provided by the healthcare organization, impact on the organization itself, influence on the broader public, influence on population health, and engagement cost-effectiveness. The 72 process metrics formed four domains (direct process metrics; surrogate process metrics; aggregate process metrics; and preconditions for engagement) that comprised sixteen subdomains. We identified 23 potential tools for evaluating P2C2 engagement. The identified tools were published between 1973-2015 and varied in their coverage of the taxonomy, methodology used (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed), and intended evaluators (organizational leaders, P2C2 participants, external evaluators, or some combination). Parts of the metric taxonomy were absent from all tools. Conclusions: By comprehensively mapping potential outcome and process metrics as well as existing P2C2 engagement tools, this review supports high-quality P2C2 engagement globally by informing the selection of existing evaluation tools and identifying gaps where new tools are needed. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42015020317.
Toxicity of herbicides and surfactants to three insect biological control agents for Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom).

Integrated weed management is disrupted if chemicals applied to suppress weeds harm insect biological control agents. Three herbicides and two surfactants for control of Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) were topically applied to Arytainilla spartiophila (broom psyllid), Bruchidius villosus (broom seed beetle), and Leucoptera spartifoliella (broom twig miner) at a range of concentrations. Arytainilla spartiophila was the most susceptible to all substances tested. Glyphosate was less toxic to A. spartiophila than triclopyr and picloram + triclopyr, but at a concentration equivalent to recommended field rate, caused significant mortality. Leucoptera spartifoliella adults were significantly more tolerant of herbicides, except triclopyr, than of the two surfactants. Combined with the surfactant polydimethylsiloxane, glyphosate caused significantly increased mortality to A. spartiophila and L. spartifoliella. All substances caused mortality in the test insects at concentrations below recommended field rates, except triclopyr applied to B. villosus, and surfactants were generally more toxic at lower concentrations. However, there was no significant difference between adult emergence from L. spartifoliella pupae topically sprayed with herbicides or glyphosate + surfactant and the controls. We conclude that surfactants harm all three insects, A. spartiophila is susceptible to all forms of chemical control, but L. spartifoliella and B. villosus are likely to tolerate glyphosate applied at field rate, without surfactant.
Utilizing Probabilistic Downscaling Methods to Develop Streamflow Forecasts from Climate Forecasts

AbstractStatistical information from ensembles of climate forecasts can be utilized in improving the streamflow predictions by using different downscaling methods. This study investigates the use of multinomial logistic regression (MLR) in downscaling large-scale ensemble climate forecasts into basin-scale probabilistic streamflow forecasts of categorical events over major river basins across the U.S. Sun Belt. The performance of MLR is then compared with the categorical forecasts estimated from the traditional approach, principal component regression (PCR). Results from both cross validation and split sampling reveal that in general, the probabilistic categorical forecasts from the MLR model have more accuracy and exhibit higher rank probability skill score (RPSS) compared to the PCR probabilistic forecasts. MLR forecasts are also more skillful than PCR forecasts during the winter season as well as for basins that exhibit high interannual variability in streamflows. The role of ensemble size of precipita.
Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) Ecology: A Review of Factors Influencing Distribution and Abundance of Cowbirds across Spatial Scales

Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA; Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 232 Ackert Hall, Manha an, Kansas 66506, USA; School of Forest Resources, Penn State University, 2C Ferguson Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
Laboratory evaluation of West African black pepper (Piper guineense) seed powder against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Mots.).

The seed powder of West African black pepper (Piper guineense) was evaluated in the laboratory against the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Mots.) to assess for repellency, progeny development and adult mortality. The powder was applied as direct admixture at 0, 5, 10 and 20 g per 40g of maize grains. Results obtained showed significant (P<0.05) of 49.50% to 100% compared with the control. Adult mortality significantly (P<0.05) increased with increase in concentration and 100% mortality was achieved after 96 hours of exposure of insects to treatment. Progeny development was also significantly inhibited as fewer adults emerged from treated grains compared with the control. The potential of using the seed powder of P. guineense as grain protectant against infestation of stored maize by S. zeamais is discussed.
Are parenting interventions effective in improving parental functioning in parents of children with ASD?: a meta-analysis

This meta-analysis (M-A) evaluated the effectiveness of parenting interventions on parental functioning in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Electronic searches of Pub Med, Psyc INFO, and Web of Knowledge databases identified controlled and pre to post trials evaluating the effectiveness of parenting interventions on parental functioning, Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this M-A. A random effect M-A estimated pooled standard mean difference (SMD) for parenting interventions on measures of stress, sense of competence, parenting practices, depression and anxiety. Analyses revealed medium but significant effects of interventions on parents’ stress pre-post intervention. This effect remained medium and significant when controlled studies were analysed and also following sensitivity analyses removing non-randomised trials. Moreover, the analyses showed a large and significant effect of interventions on parental sense of competence pre-post intervention. The effect decreased to medium and significant for sense of competence when controlled studies were analysed and remained medium and significant after sensitivity analyses removing non-randomised trials.
A z = 2.5 protocluster associated with the radio galaxy MRC 2104−242: star formation and differing mass functions in dense environments

We present results from a narrow-band survey of the field around the high-redshift radio galaxy MRC 2104−242. We have selected Hα emitters in a 7 arcmin2 field and compared the measured number density with that of a field sample at similar redshift. We find that MRC 2104−242 lies in an overdensity of galaxies that is 8.0 ± 0.8 times the average density of a blank field, suggesting it resides in a large-scale structure that may eventually collapse to form a massive cluster. We find that there is more dust obscured star formation in the protocluster galaxies than in similarly selected control field galaxies and there is tentative evidence of a higher fraction of starbursting galaxies in the denser environment. However, on average we do not find a difference between the star formation rate (SFR)–mass relations of the protocluster and field galaxies and so conclude that the SFR of these galaxies at z ∼ 2.5 is governed predominantly by galaxy mass and not the host environment. We also find that the stellar mass distribution of the protocluster galaxies is skewed towards higher masses and there is a significant lack of galaxies at M 1010. 5M_) galaxies, the density of the protocluster field increases to ∼55 times the control field density.