Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disfluencies in dialogues with patients with schizophrenia

Disfluencies such as self-repairs, filled pauses such as ‘um’ and silent pauses are pervasive in dialogue, but there is no consensus in the literature as to whether they reflect internal production pressures, or interactive issues – or how their effects are manifest in dialogue. It is well-known that patients with schizophrenia have problems with language and social cognitive skills, yet little research has investigated how these impact interaction. We report a study on the disfluency behaviours of patients with schizophrenia and their interlocutors who were unaware of the patient’s diagnosis, compared to healthy control groups. Results show that patients use fewer self-repairs than either their partners or controls and fewer filled pauses (‘er’, ‘um’) than controls. Furthermore, the presence of the patient also affects patients’ partners, who use fewer filled pauses than controls and more unfilled pauses than both patients and controls. This suggests that smooth coordination of turns is problematic in patients’ dialogues.
A technical study of opaque red glass of the Iron Age in Britain

This opaque red glass occurs at an early date in Egypt in the decoration of glass vessels (Fossing, 1940) and other material has been found from excavations in the Near East at Nimrud, as circular cakes (Turner, 1954, 454), and at Persepolis, as a bead, a slab and a lump (Matson, 1957, 130). This ‘specialized’ glass continued to be made in Mediterranean countries down to the Roman era, and chemical analyses have been published of specimens from a number of sites including Pompeii and the Isle of Elephantine; these have been recorded by Caley (1962), who has conveniently collected many analyses previously published in various journals. As a result of the present work it is clear that there are two distinct types of opaque red glass. In the type which occurs earlier and then continues in use the colour and opacity are due to metallic copper in a colloidal state; in the type which occurs later, for a more limited period, much lead oxide is present and the colour and opacity are caused by small particles of cuprous oxide. Previous authors have not always clearly distinguished between the two types and therefore the frequent identification of an opaque red glass as a cuprous oxide type must be treated with some caution unless supported by microscopic or chemical evidence.
Effect of a school-based oral health education programme in Wuhan City, Peoples Republic of China.

OBJECTIVES To assess oral health outcomes of a school-based oral health education (OHE) programme on children, mothers and schoolteachers in China, and to evaluate the methods applied and materials used. DESIGN The WHO Health Promoting Schools Project applied to primary schoolchildren in 3 experimental and 3 control schools in Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Central China, with a 3-year follow-up. Data on dental caries, gingival bleeding and behaviour were collected. PARTICIPANTS 803 children and their mothers, and 369 teachers were included at baseline in 1998. After three years, 666 children and their mothers (response rate 83%), and 347 teachers (response rate 94%) remained. RESULTS DMFT/DMFS increments were comparable but the f/F components were higher among children in experimental schools than in control schools and the gingival bleeding score was, similarly, significantly lower. More children in experimental schools adopted regular oral health behaviour such as toothbrushing, recent dental visits, use of fluoride toothpaste, with less frequent consumption of cakes/biscuits compared to controls. In experimental schools, mothers showed significant beneficial oral health developments, while teachers showed higher oral health knowledge and more positive attitudes, also being satisfied with training workshops, methods applied, materials used and involvement with children in OHE. CONCLUSIONS The programme had positive effects on gingival bleeding score and oral health behaviour of children, and on oral health knowledge and attitudes of mothers and teachers. No positive effect on dental caries incidence rate was demonstrated by the OHE programme.
Local delivery of allogeneic bone marrow and adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells for cutaneous wound healing in a porcine model

Wound healing remains a major challenge in modern medicine. Bone marrow‐ (BM) and adipose tissue‐ (AT) derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest for tissue reconstruction due to their unique immunological properties and regenerative potential. The purpose of this study was to characterize BM and AT‐MSCs and evaluate their effect when administered in a porcine wound model. MSCs were derived from male Göttingen Minipigs and characterized according to established criteria. Allogeneic BM‐ or AT‐MSCs were administered intradermally (1 x 106 cells) into partial‐thickness wounds created on female animals, and covered with Vaseline® gauze or fibrin in a randomized pattern. Animals were euthanized at 7, 10, 14 and 21 days. Tissues were analyzed visually for healing and by microscopic examination for epidermal development and remodelling. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of male DNA in the specimens. All wounds were healed by 14 days. MSC‐injected wounds were associated with improved appearance and faster re‐epithelialization compared to saline controls. Evaluation of rete ridge depth and architecture showed that MSC treatment promoted a faster rate of epidermal maturation. Male DNA was detected in all samples at days 7 and 10, suggesting the presence of MSCs. We showed the safety, feasibility and potential efficacy of local injection of allogeneic BM‐ and AT‐MSCs for treatment of wounds in a preclinical model. Our data in this large animal model support the potential use of BM‐ and AT‐MSC for treatment of cutaneous wounds through modulation of healing and epithelialization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistance to mycoplasmal lung disease in mice is a complex genetic trait

Mouse strains differ markedly in resistance to Mycoplasma pulmonis infection, and investigation of these differences holds much promise for understanding the mechanisms of antimycoplasmal host defenses. To determine the potential genetic diversity of resistance to disease in murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM) and to select disease-resistant and nonresistant mouse strains for further genetic analysis, we screened 17 inbred mouse strains of various Bcg and H-2 genotypes for resistance to M. pulmonis. Mice were inoculated intranasally with 10(4) CFU of M. pulmonis UAB CT and evaluated at 21 days postinfection for severities of the four histologic lung lesions characteristic of MRM: alveolar exudate, airway exudate, airway epithelial hyperplasia, and lymphoid infiltrate. On the basis of these assessments of MRM severity, one group of mouse strains was found to be extremely resistant to disease (C57BR/cdJ, C57BL/6NCr, C57BL/10ScNCr, and C57BL/6J). The remaining strains of mice (C57L/J, SJL/NCr, BALB/cAnNCr, A/JCr, C3H/HeJ, SWR/J, AKR/NCr, CBA/NCr, C58/J, DBA/2NCr, C3H/HeNCr, C3HeB/FeJ, and C3H/HeJCr) developed disease of widely varying severities. Furthermore, strains in the group with more disease varied in pattern of lesion severity. While the severities of all four lesions were correlated in most mouse strains, this was not always true. DBA/2NCr mice had one of the highest scores for alveolar exudate, only a moderate score for airway exudate, and significantly lower scores for both airway epithelial hyperplasia and lymphoid infiltrate than all other strains susceptible to lung disease. DBA/2NCr mice had one of the highest mortality rates. We concluded that resistance to MRM is a complex trait. The observed differences in lung disease severity could not be explained by known differences at the Bcg or H-2 locus in the strains of mice we studied.
Completing the molecular investigation into the HIV outbreak at Glenochil prison

In a molecular investigation into the outbreak of HIV in Glenochil during the first 6 months of 1993, we previously demonstrated that 13 out of the 14 HIV positive inmates were infected with a virtually identical strain, and discounted 2 others as potential sources. Here we investigate a further 8 potential contacts and 4 potential sources which were identified in the companion paper [1]. We were able to examine viral sequence from all but one of these 12 and results have revealed them to be distinct both from each other and the original 14. Thus, despite an intensive follow-up investigation, we have been unable to identify any further HIV infections that might have been part of the 1993 outbreak. It is possible that persons who were infected at that time remain undetected; however this and the companion report strongly suggest that if this were the case the likely numbers would be few.
Gut Region‐Specific Diabetic Damage to the Capillary Endothelium Adjacent to the Myenteric Plexus

Please cite this paper as: Bódi N, Talapka P, Poles MZ, Hermesz E, Jancsó Z, Katarova Z, Izbéki F, Wittmann T, Fekete É, Bagyánszki M. Gut region‐specific diabetic damage to the capillary endothelium adjacent to the myenteric plexus. Microcirculation 19: 316–326, 2012.
Web Appendix: Meta-Kriging: Scalable Bayesian Modeling and Inference for Massive Spatial Datasets

We study the concentration of the meta posterior corresponding to two special instances of equation (4) in Section 2.2. The first is a full Gaussian process model and the second is a Gaussian process model with compactly supported correlation function (CSC) (Kaufman et al., 2008). The former arises from equation (4) (in Section 2.2) by taking D(θ) = τ I and C(θ) as a customary spatial covariance matrix whose (i, j)-th element is given by the Matérn covariance function
Hypothermia and hypoglycemia induced by anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody in mice: Role of tumor necrosis factor

The possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF) in the metabolic disturbances induced by anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was analyzed in DBA/2 mice injected with 50 μg of the anti‐murine CD3 mAb 145‐2C11. First, we found that 145‐2C11 induces a profound hypothermia maximal between 3 h and 6 h after the injection (at 3 h: − 3.0 ± 0.1 °C) as well as hypoglycemia (blood glucose levels at 6 h and 24 h: 76 ± 13 mg/100 ml and 92 ± 22 mg/100 ml, respectively, p < 0.001 as compared with control values). These metabolic changes are preceded by the release of TNF into the circulation (peak serum TNF levels at 2 h: 50 ± 23 pg/ml, p < 0.01 as compared with controls). The release of TNF induced by 145‐2C11 depends on the effect of the mAb on T cells as it is not observed in athymic nude mice while lipopolysaccharide‐resistant C3H/HeJ mice also display a significant rise in serum TNF (peak levels at 2 h: 59 ± 44 pg/ml). Pretreatment of DBA/2 mice with 12 mg of rabbit anti‐murine TNF antibodies completely prevents the hypothermia while the hypoglycemia is significantly attenuated. Finally, F(ab')2 fragments of 145‐2C11 induce only a transient hypoglycemia (blood glucose levels at 6 h: 109 ± 14, p < 0.001 as compared with controls) but neither hypothermia nor significant TNF release. We conclude that TNF is a major mediator of the acute metabolic changes induced by the intact form of 145‐2C11.
Silica deposition in abaxial epidermis before the opening of leaf blades of Pleioblastus chino (Poaceae, Bambusoideae).

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND AND AIMS Silica deposition is one of the important characteristics of the family Poaceae. The distribution, deposition process and physiology of silica in this family have been extensively investigated. Bamboos among members of Poaceae have leaves with a fairly long life span, and the leaves continuously accumulate silica in their tissues throughout their life, not only during the course of leaf opening, but also after opening. It has been revealed that the silica deposition process in relation to ageing of the bamboo leaf after opening differed depending on the cell types comprising the tissues. However, silica deposition has never been examined during the development and maturation periods of bamboo leaves. Hence, to clarify the silica deposition process in a developmental stage of the bamboo leaf, distribution of silica was observed in the abaxial epidermis before the opening of the leaf blades of Pleioblastus chino. METHODS Abaxial epidermal tissues of leaves were examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyser. KEY RESULTS Among seven cell types comprising the abaxial epidermis, three types of cells, guard cells, prickle hairs and silica cells, deposited silica conspicuously, and another four types, cork cells, long cells, micro hairs and subsidiary cells, deposited only a little silica. Among the former group of cell types, silica cells and guard cells deposited silica over their entire surfaces, while prickle hairs deposited silica only in the point-tips. Silica deposition was detected firstly in prickle hairs, and then in silica cells and guard cells. Only silica cells were assumed to deposit silica conspicuously before leaf opening but not conspicuously after opening. CONCLUSIONS Cell types in leaf epidermis of bamboo are classified into three groups according to the silica deposition pattern. Silica deposition in silica cells may be positive as a part of the physiological activities of leaves.
A reappraisal of gentrification: towards a ‘geography of gentrification’

The gentrification literature since the mid-1990s is reappraised in light of the emergence of processes of post-recession gentrification and in the face of recent British and American urban policy statements that tout gentrification as the cure-all for inner-city ills. Some tentative suggestions are offered on how we might re-energize the gentrification debate. Although real analytical progress has been made there are still ‘wrinkles’ which research into the ‘geography’ of gentrification could address: 1) financifiers – super-gentrification; 2) third-world immigration – the global city; 3) black/ethnic minority gentrification – race and gentrification; and 4) liveability/urban policy – discourse on gentrification. In addition, context, temporality and methodology are argued to be important issues in an updated and rigorous deconstruction of not only the process of gentrification itself but also discourses on gentrification.
Chloride channels mediate sodium sulphide‐induced relaxation in rat uteri

Hydrogen sulphide reduces uterine contractility and is of potential interest as a treatment for uterine disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of sodium sulphide (Na2S)‐induced relaxation of rat uterus, investigate the importance of redox effects and ion channel‐mediated mechanisms, and any interactions between these two mechanisms.
Assessment of quality of care in postpartum wards of Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University hospitals, 2004.

PURPOSE Despite 77 per cent antenatal care coverage and 90 per cent skilled attendant at delivery, adjusted maternal mortality in Iran is 76 per 100,000 births. Low quality of maternal health services is one cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, few and limited studies have been devoted to the quality of postpartum care in Iran. This study aims to assess quality of care in postpartum wards of Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University hospitals to show weakness and gaps areas in the care procedure for future improvement intervention programs. It is a descriptive study to assess quality of care in postpartum wards of Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University hospitals, in 2003. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Using quota sampling, 60 healthy women were recruited for the study. Data were collected using three forms including a questionnaire with demographic and obstetrics questions, a check-list for the postpartum care and education quality assessment. Control of vital signs, uterus assessment, perineum assessment, leaving bed, urinary system assessment, digestive system assessment, breast examination, extremities assessment, psychological assessment, as well as education about perineum self-care, breast-feeding, infant care, education before discharge and educational method. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire and checklist were assessed prior to use. Data were analyzed using SPSS. FINDINGS Results showed compatibility of provided postpartum care with the standards as follows: method of patient's education (52.68 per cent); control of vital signs (43.21 per cent); education about breast-feeding (26.06 per cent); care in getting out of bed (25.83 per cent); psychological care (19.36 per cent); urinary system assessment (16.66 per cent); education about perineum care (13.12 per cent); uterus assessment (10.6 per cent); digestive system assessment (9.69 per cent); patient's education before discharge (7.99 per cent); education about infant's care (7.81 per cent); perineum assessment (6.72 per cent); breast examination (1.11 per cent); and assessment of extremities (0.81 per cent). The study demonstrated that weak postpartum care was provided in 82 per cent of cases but also that mothers were satisfied with provided care in all domains of care. Mothers were very satisfied with facilities and less satisfied with personnel interaction with their visitors in hospital. There was no significant correlation between quality of services and clients' satisfaction (Spearman test, p < 0.05). ORIGINALITY/VALUE For the first time in Iran, this study has evaluated quality of care in postpartum wards of hospitals based on the defined standards. The study provided a defined standard for postpartum care, which is necessary for regular monitoring and evaluation and so evidence-based intervention programs to improve the system of care. It was also postulated that mothers' satisfaction with care is not always a good indicator of services quality.
Reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption by providing caloric information: how Black adolescents alter their purchases and whether the effects persist.

OBJECTIVES We examined the ways in which adolescents altered the type and size of their purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), together with whether the effects persisted after removing caloric information signs in stores. METHODS We used a case-crossover design with 6 stores located in low-income Black neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland, from 2012 to 2013. The intervention used 1 of 4 randomly posted signs with caloric information: absolute calories, number of teaspoons of sugar, and number of minutes of running or miles of walking necessary to burn off a beverage. We collected data for 4516 purchases by Black adolescents, including both baseline and postintervention periods with no signs posted. RESULTS We found that providing caloric information significantly reduced the number of total beverage calories purchased, the likelihood of buying an SSB, and the likelihood of buying an SSB greater than 16 ounces (P < .05). After removing the signs, the quantity, volume, and number of calories from SSB purchases remained lower than baseline (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Providing caloric information was associated with purchasing a smaller SSB, switching to a beverage with no calories, or opting to not purchase a beverage; there was a persistent effect on reducing SSB purchases after signs were removed.
Reduction of Mutual Coupling Between Patch Antennas Using a Polarization-Conversion Isolator

A novel approach to suppress mutual coupling (MC) between two patch antennas is presented in this letter. A parasitic isolator, which is printed between the two patches, controls the polarization of the coupling field to reduce the antenna coupling. Furthermore, a defected ground structure is employed to suppress the cross-polarization (XP) level. There exists a tradeoff between the MC reduction and XP improvement in this approach. As an example, a two-element patch array with an optimized isolator is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that, at the resonant frequency, the achieved isolation enhancement and XP level are 19.6 dB and $-$13.2 dB, respectively.
Palatal Surface Area Measurement: Comparisons Among Different Cleft Types

The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional imaging methods to measure the palatal surface of unrepaired cleft patients. The surface area of the palate was defined and measured on three-dimensional computed tomography images of dental plaster models in four different groups of cleft patients at 3 months of age. There were 30 unilateral complete cleft lips and palates (UCLP), 27 bilateral complete cleft lips and palates (BCLP), 23 isolated cleft palates of incomplete form (CP), and 19 unilateral cleft lips without cleft palates (UCL). These patients were nonsyndromic, unoperated, and without other major deformities. The dental casts were scanned, and the computed tomography data were transferred to an imaging laboratory for processing and reconstruction of three-dimensional images. Surface area of the palate was delineated, which was defined as within the alveolar crest and the line connecting both tuberosities. In UCLP and BCLP, the edge of cleft formed the medial boundary of the area for each palatal shelf, and the palatal surface area was the combination of both palatal shelves and the premaxillary area in BCLP group. The surface area was measured. Repeated definition and measurement tasks were performed for calculation of errors. The imaging data management and measurement were performed using the Analyze program (Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Foundation, MN). In addition, linear distances were measured between the canine points on the alveolar crest (line C) and the tuberosity points (line T). The measurements were compared among the different groups. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used for statistical analyses. The results showed that the mean error between repeated area definitions and measurements in this study was 1.86%. The bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) groups had significantly smaller palatal surface area than the unilateral cleft lip without cleft palate (UCL) and isolated cleft palate of incomplete form (CP) groups. There was no significant difference between the BCLP and UCLP groups. Line C and line T distances were significantly longer in BCLP and UCLP groups than in UCL and CP groups. The findings suggest that compared with UCL and CP patients, there is an intrinsic tissue deficiency in the palate/maxilla of BCLP and UCLP patients.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method is discussed with emphasis on the need for standardization of methodology. The KirbyBauer method is currently widely used by clinical laboratories and best incor­ porates many of the features recommended by the World Health Organization. It is relatively simple from a technicological standpoint and accurate and reproducible so long as the methodology is followed with care. Modifications should be accepted only after full documentation of the effects on inhibition zone sizes.