Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of cytochrome P-450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. III. Morphometric comparison of changes in the epithelial populations of terminal bronchioles and lobar bronchi in mice, hamsters, and rats after parenteral administration of naphthalene.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to define, in quantitative terms, epithelial alterations produced by the cytochrome P-450-activated Clara cell cytotoxicant, naphthalene, in lobar bronchi and terminal bronchioles of three species with differing sensitivity: mouse, rat, and hamster. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Adult mice, hamsters, and rats were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of naphthalene ranging from 0 mg/kg up to the approximate LD50. The animals were killed 24 hours postinjection and the changes in airway epithelium characterized by light microscopic morphometry. RESULTS In mouse, bronchiolar epithelial thickness was significantly elevated by low, but not high, doses; ciliated cell number increased and Clara cell number decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Vacuolated Clara cell number increased in all treated mice. In rat and hamster, bronchiolar epithelial thickness or cell number did not change. In mice, bronchial epithelial thickness was unchanged except at high doses, but both ciliated and Clara cell number was decreased. In bronchi of rats, epithelial thickness and numbers of nonciliated, ciliated, and basal cells were unchanged. In bronchi of hamsters, both ciliated and nonciliated cell number were decreased. CONCLUSIONS (a) In mice, naphthalene-induced acute bronchiolar toxicity involves not only Clara cells, but also affects the purported nontarget cell type (ciliated cells). (b) In rats and hamsters, bronchiolar epithelium is insensitive to naphthalene injury. (c) In mice, injury to bronchi occurs at higher doses than in bronchioles and involves both ciliated and nonciliated cells. (d) In rats, bronchi are insensitive. (e) In hamsters, bronchi are more sensitive than bronchioles. This study emphasizes the variability of response by species, airway and epithelial cell type to cytochrome P-450-mediated pulmonary toxicants and the need for precise quantitative methods of defining both cytotoxic and metabolic events.
Prognosis of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: An evaluation based on multivariate analysis of 90 cases

A multivariate analysis of data from 90 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma was performed using Cox's regression model to identify factors possibly affecting their prognoses. Thirty‐one patients underwent arterial anticancer chemotherapy, and the remaining 59 patients received transcatheter arterial embolization with anticancer agents. Four of 27 variables tested for all the patients (i.e., encapsulation [p < 0.05], gross appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma [p < 0.01], clinical stage [p < 0.01] and therapy [p < 0.01]) were found to be prognostically significant. Five of 27 variables tested were prognostically significant for the transcatheter arterial embolization group; they were an extension rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.01), encapsulation (p < 0.01), α‐fetoprotein (p < 0.01), prothrombin time (p < 0.01) and serum sodium (p < 0.01). Regression equations were used to describe a prognostic index. A prognostic index was defined as the regression equation derived from the results of a total of 90 patients; PI‐1 = eY, where PI‐1 = prognostic index 1 Y = 1.549 (gross appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma −1.344) + 0.778 (encapsulation − 1.622) + 0.818 (clinical stage − 1.800) + 1.760 (therapy − 1.344) and prognostic index 2, the regression equation derived from the results of the transcatheter arterial embolization group of patients; PI‐2 = eY, where PI‐2 = prognostic index 2 Y = 1.210 (extension rate of hepatocellular carcinoma − 1.576) + 1.179 (encapsulation − 1.475) + 0.0001277 (α‐fetoprotein − 1420.792) −0.039 (prothrombin time − 72.237) − 0.214(serum sodium − 138.427). According to the prognostic index, the patients were divided into two groups (i.e., those with the good prognoses and those with bad prognoses). According to prognostic index 1, the prognosis of the patient who did not undergo transcatheter arterial embolization therapy was 5.8 times poorer than that of the patient who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization. One‐year survival rates of the former and the latter were 66% and 9.4%, respectively. According to prognostic index 2, the prognosis of the patient whose extension rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was greater than 60% of the entire liver was 38 times poorer than that of the patient whose extension rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was less than 20% of the entire liver. This study demonstrated that prognostic indexes can be used to predict the survival time of a group of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and that prognostic indexes can be used to predict those who have better prognosis in the transcatheter arterial embolization group. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:262–268.)
Market Mavenship as an Influencer of Service Quality Evaluation

As an initial step in studying individual characteristics as influencers of service quality evaluation, this research focuses on market mavenship as one attribute of consumers. Respondents in the study included 403 undergraduate marketing students at two universities who were asked to complete evaluations of consumption experiences. Results suggest that market mavenship is positively correlated to cognitive innovativeness, assertiveness, value consciousness, and opinion leadership. These qualities support the development of increased information, greater accuracy in service expectations and performance appraisal, and less variability in service quality rating on SERVQUAL-type scales. Reduced variability was observed in both experience-based and credence-based service settings. The authors gratefully acknowledge partial funding received through the Agribusiness Institute at Mississippi State University which helped make this project possible.
Studies of fatty acid oxidation. 1. The oxidation of the alkylthio fatty acids.

Certain alkylthio fatty acids have been shown (Brown, Quastel & Scholefield, 1954) to influence the proliferation of nitrifying organisms and to inhibit the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate in soil. The effect ofthese substituted fatty acids on mammalian systems and their metabolism by such systems has now been investigated. It has already been suggested by du Vigneaud (1942) and Dubnoff & Borsook (1948) that methylthiopropionic acid (CH3S . CH,. OCH.COOH) and methylthioacetic acid (CH3S.CH2COOH) are produced from the corresponding methyl-donating dimethylthetins. It was shown by Maw (1953) that those thetins which transmethylate also give rise to the largest quantities of extra urinary sulphate. Presumably therefore, the demethylated compounds, which are the alkylthio fatty acids, are further oxidized and eventually yield sulphate. Evidence is presented to prove that such compounds are not only oxidized by mammalian systems but that they may also influence the metabolism of mammalian tissues.
Deconstructing The Myth Of The Nonaggressive Woman: A Feminist Analysis

One of the most pervasive and undisputed gender stereotypes is that men are more aggressive than women. However, this stereotype has, until recently, led researchers to conclude that women are nonaggressive and, therefore, to ignore the topic of female aggression as a distinct phenomenon. The basis of the myth, factors supporting its maintenance, and theories of female aggression are examined. A feminist reinterpretation of aggression that views women's and men's aggressive behavior within social structural arrangements that create and sustain differential power relations is presented.
Chemical composition, physical and sensory properties of cakes supplemented with plantain peel flour.

*Corresponding author Email: akuborpeter@gmail.com Unripe plantain fruits were washed peeled and the peels were cut into thin slices (1cm thick). The slices were hotwater blanched at 100°C for 15 min, sulphited (1%, w/v), oven dried, milled and then sieved. The plantain peel flour (PPF) was used to substitute 5,10,15,20,25,30,40 and 50% of wheat flour in cakes which were assessed for their chemical, physical and sensory properties. The results showed that the PPF contained lower moisture (8%), crude protein (7%) and carbohydrate (62.2%) but higher ash (10%), fat (4.8%) and crude fiber (8%) contents than wheat flour. The moisture, crude protein, ash, fat, crude fiber and carbohydrate contents of wheat flour were 10, 11, 0.7, 2.0, 1.0 and 75.3%, respectively. The calcium (96.5mg/100g), sodium (30 mg/100g) and potassium (739mg/100g) contents of PPF were significantly higher (p 0.05) from those of the cakes containing PPF. However, the 100% wheat cake was heavier and occupied more volume than the cakes containing PPF. The 100% PPF cake was more dense than the other cakes. The cakes containing up to 20% PPF were not significantly different (p>0.05) from the 100% wheat flour cakes in colour, taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptability. The 20% PPF cakes had higher contents of ash, fat, crude fiber, calcium, sodium and potassium than the 100% wheat flour cakes.
The Science of ART

The methods of gamete manipulation used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) are rapidly proliferating and in some instances outpacing the underlying science. In this review, we discuss two major advances in the ART laboratory—intracytoplasmic sperm injection and extended embryo culture before embryo transfer. We outline the rationale for these approaches, discuss results of experiments obtained from animal model systems and human preimplantation embryos that provide the scientific basis for these procedures, and point out potential concerns that have arisen from these studies.
Some results of screening for early lung cancer

Screening for lung cancer is somewhat controversial in that very few evaluations of the screening process have been made, and even fewer have involved the use of concomitant, unscreened controls. This report of the Mayo Lung Project provides evaluation of a randomly selected 4500 clinic patients, offered screening for lung cancer at four‐month intervals for six years. Another 4500 randomly selected controls not offered screening were merely observed. Good screening is defined, the Mayo project is evaluated, and puzzling results are presented and discussed.
IL-10 Plays Opposing Roles during Staphylococcus aureus Systemic and Localized Infections

IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator that plays a crucial role in limiting host immunopathology during bacterial infections by controlling effector T cell activation. Staphylococcus aureus has previously been shown to manipulate the IL-10 response as a mechanism of immune evasion during chronic systemic and biofilm models of infection. In the present study, we demonstrate divergent roles for IL-10 depending on the site of infection. During acute systemic S. aureus infection, IL-10 plays an important protective role and is required to prevent bacterial dissemination and host morbidity by controlling effector T cells and the associated downstream hyperactivation of inflammatory phagocytes, which are capable of host tissue damage. CD19+CD11b+CD5+ B1a regulatory cells were shown to rapidly express IL-10 in a TLR2-dependent manner in response to S. aureus, and adoptive transfer of B1a cells was protective during acute systemic infection in IL-10–deficient hosts. In contrast, during localized s.c. infection, IL-10 production plays a detrimental role by facilitating bacterial persistence via the same mechanism of controlling proinflammatory T cell responses. Our findings demonstrate that induction of IL-10 has a major influence on disease outcome during acute S. aureus infection. Too much IL-10 at one end of the scale may suppress otherwise protective T cell responses, thus facilitating persistence of the bacteria, and at the other end, too little IL-10 may tend toward fatal host-mediated pathology through excessive activation of T cells and associated phagocyte-mediated damage.
Consumer-based Brand Equity: Development and Validation of a Measurement Instrument

This work considers the development and validation of a measurement instrument of brand equity based on the value ascribed to brands by consumers. The results obtained indicate the existence of four basic dimensions of brand utilities: product functional utility, product symbolic utility, brand name functional utility, brand name symbolic utility. The various tests employed show a reasonable degree of reliability and validity of the proposed scale for the sports shoes sector.
Technological capability in plantain and banana innovation system in Nigeria

The stakeholders were classified into five major groups according to their actions in the system; the groups include research agency, government agency, technology transfer a-gency, marketers and plantain and banana farmers. Four states which are zonal headquarters of Plantain Resource Training Centre, Abia, Akwa Ibom, Edo and Ogun states were selected and sampled for data collection. A total of 95 respondents were sampled for data collection. Percentages, means and factor analysis were used in data analysis and presentation. The research and technology transfer groups contributed over 90% of the technological capability in plantain and banana innovation system IITA, NIHORT and NSPRI were revealed as the major technology generating agencies in the plantain and banana innovation system. The study concluded that constant interactions and exchange of ideas among stakeholders encouraged learning and optimization of technological capability in the plantain and banana innovation system Key words: Banana, plantain, stakeholder, technological capability, innovation system.
Solution structure of GOPC PDZ domain and its interaction with the C‐terminal motif of neuroligin

GOPC (Golgi‐associated PDZ and coiled‐coil motif‐containing protein) represents a PDZ domain‐containing protein associated with the Golgi apparatus, which plays important roles in vesicular trafficking in secretory and endocytic pathways. GOPC interacts with many other proteins, such as the Wnt receptors Frizzled 8 and neuroligin via its PDZ domain. Neuroligin is a neural cell‐adhesion molecule of the post‐synapse, which binds to the presynapse molecule neurexin to form a heterotypic intercellular junction. Here we report the solution structure of the GOPC PDZ domain by NMR. Our results show that it is a canonical class I PDZ domain, which contains two α‐helices and six β‐strands. Using chemical shift perturbation experiments, we further studied the binding properties of the GOPC PDZ domain with the C‐terminal motif of neuroligin. The observations showed that the ensemble of the interaction belongs to fast exchange with low affinity. The 3D model of the GOPC PDZ domain/neuroligin C‐terminal peptide complex was constructed with the aid of the molecular dynamics simulation method. Our discoveries provide insight into the specific interaction of the GOPC PDZ domain with the C‐terminal peptide of Nlg and also provide a general insight about the possible binding mode of the interaction of Nlg with other PDZ domain‐containing proteins.
Survival of Pseudomonas putida UWC1 containing cloned catabolic genes in a model activated-sludge unit

The possibility of the accidental or deliberate release of genetically engineered microorganisms into the environment has accentuated the need to study their survival in, and effect on, natural habitats. In this study, Pseudomonas putida UWC1 harboring a non-self-transmissible plasmid, pD10, encoding the breakdown of 3-chlorobenzoate was shown to survive in a fully functioning laboratory-scale activated-sludge unit (ASU) for more than 8 weeks. The ASU maintained a healthy, diverse protozoal population throughout the experiment, and the introduced strain did not adversely affect the functioning of the unit. Although plasmid pD10 was stably maintained in the host bacterium, the introduced strain did not enhance the degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate in the ASU. When reisolated from the ASU, derivatives of strain UWC1 (pD10) were identified which were able to transfer plasmid pD10 to a recipient strain, P. putida PaW340, indicating the in situ transfer of mobilizing plasmids from the indigenous population to the introduced strain. Results from plate filter matings showed that bacteria present in the activated-sludge population could act as recipients for plasmid pD10 and actively expressed genes carried on the plasmid. Some of these activated-sludge transconjugants gave higher rates of 3-chlorobenzoate breakdown than did strain UWC1(pD10) in batch culture.
THREE FACTOR ASSET PRICING MODEL: EXPLAINING CROSS SECTION OF STOCK RETURNS IN THE SRI LANKAN STOCK MARKET

The study examines company size, book equity to market equity and market factor effects in explaining cross section of stock returns in the Sri Lankan Stock Market. The Three Factor Asset Pricing Model explains cross section of expected stock returns by three variables: the company size, book equity to market equity of stocks and the market factor. The study employed 101 listed companies in the Colombo Stock Exchange for the period 1998 to 2005. The analysis led to the conclusion that BE/ME and market factor have a positive correlation and size have a negative correlation with expected stock returns in Sri Lanka. The explanatory power of the three variables on cross section of portfolio stock returns were signiﬁcant similar to previous studies in USA, Japan and Australia. Therefore, it can be concluded that size, BE/ME and market factor can be used to explain cross section of expected stock returns in Sri Lankan stock market. Keywords: Stock Return, Market Factor, Book Equity to Market Equity, Company Size For full paper: fmscresearch@sjp.ac. lk
The real impact of ratings-based capital rules on the finance-growth nexus

We investigate whether ratings-based banking regulation introduced under the Basel capital framework has had any impact on the finance-growth nexus via the foreign credit channel. Using data on GDP growth per capita and cross-border bank lending to 77 countries between 1999 to 2013 we find that since the implementation of Basel 2 capital rules, risk weight changes mapped to sovereign credit rating revisions have exerted a more significant effect on economic growth in both recipient and lender countries. We also find direct evidence to indicate that the practice of global banks in increasing their foreign lending to investment grade sovereigns given their lower risk-weights has contributed to lower economic growth in these recipient countries. However, the adverse effects of the Basel capital rules are ameliorated in the presence of more open financial markets with better developed banking systems.
Second Primary Melanomas: Incidence and Outcome

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of multiple primary melanomas (MPM) and other cancers types among patients with melanoma. Factors associated with development of MPM were assessed in a post hoc analysis of the database from a multi-institutional prospective randomized trial of patients with melanoma aged 18 to 70 years with Breslow thickness 1 mm or greater. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Forty-eight (1.9%) of 2506 patients with melanoma developed additional primary melanomas. Median follow-up was 66 months. Except in one patient, the subsequent melanomas were thinner (median, 0.32 mm vs 1.50 mm; P < 0.0001). Compared with patients without MPM, patients with MPM were more likely to be older (median age, 54.5 vs 51.0 years; P = 0.048), to have superficially spreading melanomas (SSM) (P = 0.025), to have negative sentinel lymph nodes (P = 0.021), or to lack lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P = 0.008) with the initial tumor. On multivariate analysis, age (P = 0.028), LVI (P = 0.010), and SSM subtype of the original melanoma (P = 0.024) were associated with MPM. Patients with MPM and patients with single primary melanoma had similar DFS (5-year DFS 88.7 vs 81.3%, P = 0.380), but patients with MPM had better OS (5-year OS 95.3 vs 80.0%, P = 0.005). Nonmelanoma malignancies occurred in 152 patients (6.1%). Ongoing surveillance of patients with melanoma is important given that a significant number will develop additional melanoma and nonmelanoma tumors. With close follow-up, second primary melanomas are usually detected at an early stage.
Encoded Library Technology Screening of Hepatitis C Virus NS4B Yields a Small-Molecule Compound Series with In Vitro Replicon Activity

ABSTRACT To identify novel antivirals to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4B protein, we utilized encoded library technology (ELT), which enables purified proteins not amenable to standard biochemical screening methods to be tested against large combinatorial libraries in a short period of time. We tested NS4B against several DNA-encoded combinatorial libraries (DEL) and identified a single DEL feature that was subsequently progressed to off-DNA synthesis. The most active of the initial synthesized compounds had 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 50 to 130 nM in a NS4B radioligand binding assay and 300 to 500 nM in an HCV replicon assay. Chemical optimization yielded compounds with potencies as low as 20 nM in an HCV genotype 1b replicon assay, 500 nM against genotype 1a, and 5 μM against genotype 2a. Through testing against other genotypes and genotype 2a-1b chimeric replicons and from resistance passage using the genotype 1b replicon, we confirmed that these compounds were acting on the proposed first transmembrane region of NS4B. A single sequence change (F98L) was identified as responsible for resistance, and it was thought to largely explain the relative lack of potency of this series against genotype 2a. Unlike other published series that appear to interact with this region, we did not observe sensitivity to amino acid substitutions at positions 94 and 105. The discovery of this novel compound series highlights ELT as a valuable approach for identifying direct-acting antivirals to nonenzymatic targets.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Demethylating Agents: Clinical Development of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy

The histone deacetylase inhibitors are a new class of agents that are currently in various stages of clinical development. Clinical trials have demonstrated activity, urging further investigation. At the same time, it has been discovered that these agents have their own challenges. In this review, we discuss clinical data gathered to date, combination therapies designed to increase efficacy, and toxicities attributed to this new class of agents.
Study on the Impact of Tourism on the Traditional Custom Culture of Destination——A Case Study of Xi'an

Since the middle and late 90s,Chinese scholars have gradually paid attention to the impact of tourism on the traditional custom culture of destination,which is the important content of the research on "the tourism social-cultural effect". But the interrelated studies mainly focused on the destination of minority instead of the non-minority.This paper takes Xi'an as the investigative object,analyzes roundly and systematically the impacts of tourism on the local diet,festival and recreational custom culture by the methods of interview with residents,questionnaire and field survey.At the end of this paper,the authors points out in sum that the things that destination provides for tourist are generally the visible,appreciable and aptly-merchandised parts of traditional custom culture,not full of traditional custom culture;Furthermore,once the traditional custom culture is introduced to the market,it must abide by the operational principle of market and then keeps away from its primary living background by degrees;It is recruited with more new cultural content as a cultural product that can be consumed,and changes its form and content to fit the tourism market;In consideration of above facts,there is an obvious difference of perceptivity between resident and tourist,but it does not influence the residents to the sense of self-identity of trueborn traditional custom culture.