Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-ray emission from T Tauri stars in the Lupus 3 star-forming region

Aims. In this paper, I present analysis results of an $\it{XMM-Newton}$ observation of the Lupus 3 region that contains a high proportion of young low mass ($M Methods. The detection of X-ray sources in 0.5 to 4.5 keV images of the Lupus 3 core was performed using the standard source detection method of the $\it{XMM-Newton}$ Science Analysis Software. The detected sources were correlated with a list of Herbig-Haro objects and H$_{\rm \alpha}$ emission stars that contains mainly classical T Tauri stars, with a catalogue of weak-line T Tauri Stars and with a recent list of new low-mass members of the Lupus 3 dark cloud found in a visible-light spectroscopic survey at the center of the Lupus 3 star-forming core. The light curves and spectra of the brightest X-ray sources with known T Tauri star counterparts were analysed. Results. One hundred and two X-ray sources were detected in the 30´ diameter field-of-view of the EPIC cameras, of which 25 have visible or near-IR counterparts that are known as pre-main sequence stars. Their X-ray luminosity ranges from 3 $\times$ 10 28 to 3 $\times$ 10 30 erg s -1 . Two of these objects with mass estimates lower than 0.075 $M_{\odot}$ have an X-ray luminosity of about 4–7 $\times$ 10 28 erg s -1 , comparable with that of flaring young brown dwarfs. A linear correlation is found between the X-ray luminosity and the mass or volume of the stars that is qualitatively expected from some models of distributed turbulent dynamos. The EPIC spectra of the X-ray brightest sources can be fitted using optically thin plasma emission models with two components at temperatures in the ranges 3–9 $\times$ 10 6 K and 1–50 $\times$ 10 7 K, respectively. The large emission measure of hot plasma may be caused by disruptions of magnetic fields associated with an intense flaring activity, while the X-ray emission from the “cool” plasma components may result from solar-type active regions. The emission measures of the plasma components are of the order of 10 52 cm -3 , typical of the values expected from coronal plasmas in T Tauri stars, post-T Tauri stars, and active late-type dwarfs in close binary systems. One property of the X-ray brightest stars in Lupus 3 that seems common among pre-main sequence stars is the low abundance of Fe.
On the interaction of short linear internal waves with internal solitary waves

Abstract. We study the interaction of small-scale internal wave packets with a large-scale internal solitary wave using high-resolution direct numerical simulations in two dimensions. A key finding is that for wave packets whose constituent waves are short in comparison to the solitary wave width, the interaction leads to an almost complete destruction of the short waves. For mode-1 short waves in the packet, as the wavelength increases, a cutoff is reached, and for larger wavelengths the waves in the packet are able to maintain their structure after the interaction. This cutoff corresponds to the wavelength at which the phase speed of the short waves upstream of the solitary wave exceeds the maximum current induced by the solitary wave. For mode-2 waves in the packet, however, no corresponding cutoff is found. Analysis based on linear theory suggests that the destruction of short waves occurs primarily due to the velocity shear induced by the solitary wave, which alters the vertical structure of the waves so that significant wave activity is found only above (below) the deformed pycnocline for overtaking (head-on) collisions. The deformation of vertical structure is more significant for waves with a smaller wavelength. Consequently, it is more difficult for these waves to adjust to the new solitary-wave-induced background environment. These results suggest that through the interaction with relatively smaller length scale waves, internal solitary waves can provide a means to decrease the power observed in the short-wave band in the coastal ocean.
How does a strip of clearing affect the forest community of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)?

Tlie species composition, nest density, structure and ecological profile of an ant community were studied within a transect encompassing the forest interior, forest edge and a belt-shaped clearing in a moist mixed pine forest habitat (Querco roboris-Pinetum) in the Kampinos Forest (Central Poland) in the context of direct and indirect human impact and the bioindicator importance of ants. Altogether, 19 ant species were found; the most abundant ones (in respect of number of nests) in the entire habitat under study were Temnothorax crassispinus (Karav.) and Myrmica rubra (L.). All analysed parameters of individual subcommunities, except for nest density (highest on the forest edge, lowest in the cleared belt), showed a gradient pattern of variability, with species richness and the index of general diversity increasing and the dominance index decreasing within the transect from the forest interior to the cleared belt. Differences between the two subcommunities from the forested area (forest interior and forest edge), both highly dominated by T. crassispinus, were, in every way, much smaller than those between either of them and the subcommunity from the cleared area, where M. rubra prevailed.
THE INFLUENCE OF AERODYNAMIC PRESSURE ON THE WATER-ENTRY CAVITIES FORMED BY HIGH-SPEED PROJECTILES

We present the results of a theoretical investigation of the vertical impact of high-speed projectiles onto a water surface. A model is developed to describe the evolution of the resulting air cavity. Expressions for the cavity profile and pinch-off time are obtained in the limit where collapse is caused primarily by aerodynamic pressure. Theoretical predictions compare favorably with experimental observations reported in the literature.
NICKEL AND CADMIUM TOXICITY IN PLANTS

Nickel (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd) considered as an essential nutrient where plants cannot complete their life cycle in its absence and cannot be substituted with any other element. Ni was first established as an essential nutrient for the completion of the life cycle and it was reported that Ni deficiency decreases the capacity of plants to develop viable seeds because of hindrance of embryo growth. The uptake of Ni in plants is mainly carried out through the root system via passive diffusion and active transport. The ratio of uptake between active and passive transport varies with the species. It has been reported that plant species and cultivars significantly differ in the uptake of Cd and its subsequent translocation from roots into shoots. Higher Cd accumulation in roots than leaves suggest that Cd transport to the xylem is restricted and Cd is not readily translocated in the phloem. Also, Cd accumulation in root and leaf also depends on binding to the extracellular matrix due to which a significant inhibition of root elongation may be observed. In a study, it was reported that Cd was translocated from lower leaves to upper leaves, and then from upper leaves to culms and ears. Lower leaves accumulated highest Cd content during the early growth stages. However, heavy metals accumulating in the food chain pose risk for health of living being as well as cytotoxicity in plants.
Revisiting the Relation between Environmental Performance and Environmental Disclosure: An Empirical Analysis

Previous empirical evidence provides mixed results on the relationship between corporate environmental performance and the level of environmental disclosures. We revisit this relation by testing competing predictions from economics based and socio-political theories of voluntary disclosure using a more rigorous research design. In particular, we improve on the prior literature by focusing on purely discretionary environmental disclosures and by developing a content analysis index based on the Global Reporting Initiative sustainability reporting guidelines to assess the extent of discretionary disclosures in environmental and social responsibility reports. This index better captures firm disclosures related to its commitment to protect the environment than the indices employed by prior studies. Using a sample of 191 firms from the five most polluting industries in the US, we find a positive association between environmental performance and the level of discretionary environmental disclosures. The result is consistent with the predictions of the economics disclosure theory but inconsistent with the negative association predicted by socio-political theories. Nevertheless, we show that socio-political theories explain patterns in the data ("legitimization") that cannot be explained by economics disclosure theories.
The lived experiences of students with severe mobility impairment at Addis Ababa University (AAU): A phenomenological perspective

A qualitative approach, specifically a descriptive phenomenological approach, was used to explore the lived experiences of students with severe mobility impairment at AAU. Accordingly, nine students with severe mobility impairment in different fields of study and year level provided written descriptions to the questions posed to them. Analysis of their responses yielded three major themes, each major theme with its own sub-themes of two or more. The three major themes were subjective experiences of difficulty, dissatisfaction with the institutional and social supports available and coping strategies employed. Subjective experience of difficulty were described as temptations and challenges ever faced and which consisted of inaccessibility of facilities, fatigue and inconvenience at library, mobility- related difficulties and difficulty in accomplishing Activities of Daily Leaving (ADL). Discontentment with the institutional and social support systems available involves feelings of dissatisfaction with the financial, materials, facilities, etc provided by the university and academic and social supports from instructors, administrative staff and non-disabled fellow students. Coping strategies employed entails depending on self or on others in order to overcome the difficulties experienced. Key words: Students with disabilities, lived experiences, physical impairment.
General model for estimation of longshore transport at shingle/mixed beaches

In the present study, the accuracy of the GLT model (Tomasicchio et al., 2013) has been verified for the estimation of the Longshore Transport (LT) at shingle/mixed beaches. In order to verify the suitability of the GLT model in determining LT estimates at shingle beaches, without any further calibration, the comparison between the LT predictions and observations from two field data sets (Chadwick, 1989; Nicholls and Wright, 1991) has been considered. The comparison showed that the GLT predicted LT rates within a factor of 2 of the observed values. The predictive capability of the GLT has been also verified against an alternative general formula for the LT estimation at shingle beaches (Van Rijn, 2014). In addition, the suitability of the GLT model, even for the mixed beach case, has been assessed by means of the comparison between the LT prediction and the observation from a field experiment on a mixed sand and gravel beach at Hawke’s Bay, on the east coast of New Zealand (Komar, 2010).
European Banking Integration under a Quadratic Loss Function

European banking markets have become increasingly integrated in recent years, but barriers to full integration, especially in retail banking, still remain. This paper covers a gap in the literature by providing a first insight into the process of financial integration in the European Union (EU) in terms of convergence in the speed of adjustment of cost inefficiency to equilibrium level. We employ a quadratic loss function specification based on forward-looking rational expectations to model the underlying dynamics of efficiency scores in the banking industry of the EU-15 region over the period 1998-2005. Results show that there is considerable variation in the speed of adjustment across banking systems, while over time it also appears that continuing efforts to advance financial integration have not as yet led to an improvement in the speed of adjustment to the long run equilibrium.
Examining learning achievement and experiences of science learners in a problem-based learning environment

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a facilitation strategy that has the potential to put learners at the centre of activity and to make them accountable for their own learning. However, the assumption is often made, during attempts to utilise PBL, that learners will acquire less information than learners who have been taught through direct, lecture-based strategies. The present work challenged this assumption by exposing experimental and control groups of Grade 10 science learners to different learning environments. Results showed that the PBL-taught experimental group did not sacrifice subject content. PBL learners scored significantly higher than their lecture-taught counterparts on selected questions in the post-test that were classified on Bloom's taxonomy as higher order questions. Through qualitative measures the study also probed the levels of enjoyment experienced by below- and above-average achievers who were exposed to PBL.
Bulk and surface characterization of In2O3(001) single crystals

A comprehensive bulk and surface investigation of high-quality In2O3(001) single crystals is reported. The transparent-yellow, cube-shaped single crystals were grown using the flux method. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) reveals small residues of Pb, Mg, and Pt in the crystals. Four-point-probe measurements show a resistivity of 2.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(5) Omega cm, which translates into a carrier concentration of approximate to 10(12) cm(-3). The results from x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revise the lattice constant to 10.1150(5) angstrom from the previously accepted value of 10.117 angstrom. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of a reduced (sputtered/annealed) and oxidized (exposure to atomic oxygen at 300 degrees C) surface show a step height of 5 angstrom, which indicates a preference for one type of surface termination. The surfaces stay flat without any evidence for macroscopic faceting under any of these preparation conditions. A combination of low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) and atomically resolved STM indicates an indium-terminated surface with small islands of 2.5 angstrom height under reducing conditions, with a surface structure corresponding to a strongly distorted indium lattice. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) reveals a pronounced surface state at the Fermi level (E-F). Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) shows additional, deep-lying band gap states, which can be removed by exposure of the surface to atomic oxygen. Oxidation also results in a shoulder at the O 1s core level at a higher binding energy, possibly indicative of a surface peroxide species. A downward band bending of 0.4 eV is observed for the reduced surface, while the band bending of the oxidized surface is of the order of 0.1 eV or less.
Study of Adsorption of H2 and CO2 on Distorted Structure of MOF-5 Framework; A Comprehensive DFT Study

To investigate the adsorption property of H2 and CO2 on the organic ligand of C-MOF-5 (H2BDC) and T-MOF-5 (ZnO-doped H2BDC (ZnO-H2BDC)), Density functional theory (DFT) method was performed. First, the adsorption of ZnO on H2BDC resulted in examining binding energies, the charge transfer, density of states, dipole moments and adsorption geometries were investigated. The binding properties have been calculated and investigated theoretically for ZnO-doped H2BDC in terms of binding energies, band structures, Mulliken charges, and density of states (DOSs). According to obtained results, the H2BDC was strongly doped with ZnO. H2 and CO2 adsorption capacities for ZnO-doped H2BDC are significantly enhanced while there are low adsorption capacities for H2BDC. According to results, at least in the organic ligand of the MOF-5, the highest and lowest adsorption of CO2 (or H2) is attributed to the T-MOF-5 and C-MOF-5 respectively. Our calculations reveal that ZnO-doped H2BDC system (T-MOF-5) has much higher adsorption energy and higher net charge transfer value than pristine H2BDC (C-MOF-5). Also by changing in structure from cubic to tetragonal, the main site for H2 and CO2 adsorption was changed.
«ON-OFF» INTERMITTENCY AS A DYNAMICAL ANALOGY OF VLF CHORUS GENERATION

We consider a new numerical model to explain the dynamics of the VLF/ULF chorus elements detected in satellite and ground-based observation data. We suppose that generation mechanism of the chorus element is the same as in backward wave oscillator (BWO). However, now we assume that the BWO-like generator is driven by some other dynamic system which have noise component. In such case the so-called «on-off» intermittency regime is possible to occur if the BWO-like generator is near the generation threshold. A power-law distribution of time intervals between bursts of generation is a manifestation of the intermittency regime. This type of distribution is revealed for time intervals between chorus elements. By this model it is possible to explain also such features of VLF/ELF emission as: 1) transition from discrete chorus elements to the hiss then the magnetosphere disturbance is increasing; 2) modulation of the chorus groups by low frequency (<0.5 Hz) oscillations. Connection between the model dynamics and observations is discussed.
Social Motivation And People’s Participation In Development Of Rural Development In District Of West Of Nias Province North Sumatra

Poverty is the problem of social related to the development. Some of the province in Indonesia which is North Sumatera consisting of 8 cities and 25 districts. Most of the populated shows a number poverty are still relatively high. According to the Susenas, in North Sumatera Province particulary West of Nias is the county that classified as having a number of high poverty, and decrease in the number of poverty was only 1% each year. To that, local governments West of Nias make the implementation of the building area shaped participative which stems from the social motivation sociated in the West of Nias. In this study formulated to the problem is the social motivation and community participation is a factor objectify the construction of underdevelopment area.This research using a combination of a quantitative approach and qualitative approach by the combined method. This method can be done in together, turns even combined with starting from the framework exploration, then inditifity and classifying data with sourched from the questionnaires development and depth interviews. In this research also used technique of population and research sample. Management of the data could be done by 3 statistics techniques : (1) Product Moment Correlation, (2) Partial Correlation, (3) Analysis of the line.The result of research suggests that through the work of social motivation and community participation can positive affect towards underdeveloped area. The level of community participation appears through an increase participation degrees towards the development of underdeveloped area. The working of community participation could a achieved development in its area with shows a sense of empathy from members of society, So it can be concluded that the high participation facilitate the realization of the development of underdeveloped area.
Temporal Sequencing Abilities in Musicians Violinists and Non-Musicians

Summary Introduction: The ability of temporal sequencing refers to the processing of two or more auditory stimuli in order of occurrence in time. Objective: To compare the skill of sequencing between musicians and non-musicians violinists from the frequency pattern test (FPT). Method: The prospective, constituted a group of 20 violinists and musicians non-musicians 20 participants, half matched for age and education, all males who underwent audiometric assessment and WPPT. Results: Comparing the performance in TFP between the groups was found statistically significant for the group of musicians in both ears, (p = 0.003) for the right ear (RE) and (p = 0.002) for the left ear (OE). The results of the PPT were correlated with the average frequencies, three-tone average and high frequencies mean obtaining a statistically significant only for OD being (p = 0.0047) for low frequencies, (p = 0.011) for average and tritonal (p = 0.02) for the average frequencies. The comparative analysis between the ears, the only group statistically significant variable was the mean of frequencies in the group of musicians (p <0.001). Conclusion: The performance of the group of musicians in the TPF group was superior to non-musicians. Highlights the relevance of the auditory thresholds for low frequencies, acute tritonal average performance of TPF in OD.
ESTABLISHMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE MRNA EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF ABI3-LIKE AND STORAGE PROTEIN GENES DURING SOYBEAN SEED DEVELOPMENT

Abscisic acid insensitive 3 (ABI3) has a regulatory effect on the accumulation of storage proteins, as well as on the dormancy, quality, and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis seeds during development. The storage protein genes (SPGs) and relevant proteomics are already well understood; however, the mRNA expression patterns of the ABI3-like gene in soybean remain unknown. In this paper, the expression of ABI3-like and SPGs in soybean seeds was evaluated at the transcriptional level, which can provide a theoretical basis for soybean molecular breeding. Soybeans of the type ‘NC111-1’ were used as the qRT-PCR test material, in order to study the mRNA expression patterns of ABI3-like factors (GmABI3-8 and GmABI3-18), soybean SPGs (Gy1, Gy2, Gy3, Gy4, Gy5, Gy7, 7sα, 7sα', and 7sβ), and their correlation. The results demonstrate that the mRNA expression patterns of GmABI3-8 and GmABI3-18 include bimodal curves, with the two peak periods corresponding to the filling and dehydration stages of soybean, respectively. The mRNA expression patterns of all SPGs exhibited single peak curves. 7sα, Gy1, and 7sβ play major roles, and the expression level of 7sα was significantly higher than that of other SPGs (P 0.8) in the filling stage, while GmABI3-18 mRNA was highly expressed during the dehydration stage. These new details about the specific transcription factors and regulatory roles of each storage protein, as well as the specific metabolic pathway of ABI3, show that GmABI3-8 and GmABI3-18 play an important role in the development of soybean seeds. This new data will help facilitate the development of molecular breeding methods for the production of new high-protein soybean varieties.
The Role of Competencies, Contexts, and Constraints in Creating Opportunities from Disruptive Technologies

Research on decision-making by entrepreneurs under conditions of high uncertainty suggests they rely on their unique competencies and adopt resource-conserving contingencies when assessing opportunities. In the context of commercializing disruptive technological innovations, this implies that opportunity is primarily defined and bounded by an entrepreneur’s prior experience and existing capabilities and resources rather than by the innovation’s unique properties. Some argue this artificially limits the discovery of viable opportunities, but the findings in this study suggest it actually facilitates creating an opportunity that provides the entrepreneur with best chance at a successful commercialization outcome.