Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
intra-pocket anesthetic ( Oraqix A ) for periodontal scaling / root planing

Background: A new non-injection anesthetic, lidocaine/prilocaine gel (OraqixA, AstraZeneca) in a reversible thermosetting system, has been developed to provide local anesthesia for scaling/root planing (SRP). The aim of this study was to determine the anesthetic onset and duration of the gel for SRP in patients with periodontitis. Methods: 30 patients were randomized to either 30 s, 2 min, or 5 min of treatment with the gel prior to SRP of a tooth. The gel was applied to periodontal pockets with a blunt applicator. On completion of the SRP of each tooth (2–3 teeth treated/patient), the patients rated their pain on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The median VAS pain score was 7.5 mm in the 30-s group, 28.5 mm in the 2-min group, and 15.5 mm in the 5-min group, with a significant difference between the 30-s and 2-min groups (pΩ0.03). In 2 patients in the 5-min group, but none in the other groups, the SRP was interrupted due to pain. The mean duration of anesthesia measured as pain on probing were 18.1, 17.3, and 19.9 min in the 30-s, 2-min, and 5-min groups, respectively. There were no reports of numbness of the tongue, lip, or cheek, neither were there any adverse local reactions in the oral mucosa. The gel was easy to apply and did not interfere with
Author ' s personal copy

The skins of phyllomedusine frogs have long been considered as being tremendously rich sources of bioactive peptides. Previous studies of both peptides and cloning of their precursor encoding cDNAs have relied upon methanolic skin extracts or the dissected skins of recently deceased specimens and have not considered the different glands in isolation. We therefore focused our attention on the tibial gland of the Giant Monkey Frog, Phyllomedusa bicolor and constructed a cDNA library from the skin secretion that was obtained via mechanical stimulation of this macrogland. Using shotgun cloning, four precursors encoding host-defense peptides were identified: two archetypal dermaseptins, a phyllokinin and a phylloseptin that is new for this species but has been recently described from the Waxy Monkey Leaf Frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagii. Our study is the first to report defensive peptides specifically isolated from anuran tibial glands, confirming the hypothesis that these glands also contribute to chemical defense. Moreover, the discovery of novel compounds for this otherwise very well characterized species suggests that this largely neglected gland might possess a different cocktail of secretions from glands elsewhere in the same animal. We will also discuss some evolutionary implications of our findings with respect to the adaptive plasticity of secretory glands. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproducibility in social neuroendocrinology : Past , present , and future

Many scientific disciplines are currently embroiled in what could rightfully be called a revolution. It is a revolution spurred by a crisis in scientists’ trust in the reproducibility of published research, that is, whether the finding obtained in a study can be obtained again is subsequent, closely matched or even exact replications of this study. This revolution aims at changing the way we do and report science towards increased transparency and rigour. In this chapter we discuss (i) the origins of this revolution; (ii) examples from social neuroendocrinology relevant to the revolution; and (iii) practical recommendations to strengthen future research in social neuroendocrinology.
A detailed aircraft tyre finite element model for hard landing safety assessment

Tyres have an important role in landing gear systems upon aircraft landing and taxing on the ground. The performances of an aircraft tyre under varied load conditions are vital requirements for aircraft safety certification. This paper describes the development of a detailed finite element (FE) model of an aircraft test tyre in order to investigate its performance and assess its safety criteria. The work follows the findings from previous researches [1] [2] [3] [4] and focuses on the aircraft tyre safety assessment under various loading scenarios that were not yet studied. Initially, tyre inflation and static load simulations have been analyzed based on a full-scaled 3D detail LS-Dyna® FE model, replicating the actual geometry and the correlated material properties from industrial experimental data. The dynamic simulations that aim to duplicate tyre load upon aircraft landing scenarios have also been analyzed. Following the comments from aircraft tyre industrial data and guidelines[5] [6], the dynamic simulations have covered the tyre loading scenario from on-road taxing, normal (soft) landing, hard landing to crash landing under different aircraft landing weights. The stresses on tyre/wheel contact areas and on bead cords have been chosen as the safety criteria. The simulation results, analysis and comments have been discussed in great details. The modelling and simulations described in this paper aim to demonstrate the effective use of FE models for aircraft safety assessment, by studying the criteria of the tyre for load cases corresponding with testing and operational scenarios. The development of such predictive model would allow the manufacturers to assess tyre availability during the design process, and also add to the general drive towards the use of more virtual prototypes in an area traditionally reliant on experimental testing.
The Efficacy of a Developmental Follow-up Program for High-Risk Infants

i . 2 Chapter I . Introduction 4 Background . 5 Special Education . 18 Efficacy of Early Intervention Services . 28 Assessment . 34 Purpose . 50 Chapter I1 . Method . 52 Chapter I11 . Analysis . 56 Chapter IV . Discussion . 61 References . 64 Appendix A . Cost Accounting . 76 Appendix B . Raw Data . 77 Appendix C . Percentage of Children Referred for Early Intervention Services Before and After November 1. 1997 . 78 Appendix D . Gestational Age of Children . 79 Appendix E . The Percentage of Multiples Referred for Services . 80 Appendix F . The percentage of Boys Referred for Services . 81 Appendix G . Age at time of referral . 82
Correlation Uncertainty , Heterogeneous Beliefs and Asset Prices

We construct an equilibrium model in the presence of correlation uncertainty and heterogeneous ambiguity-averse investors. In this model the level of correlation uncertainty and asset characteristic jointly affect the asset prices and trading activities. The price of low weighted volatility asset declines and naive agent holds less position when the level of correlation uncertainty goes up; concurrently, the price of high weighted volatility asset increases and the naive agent holds larger position. The sophisticated agent provides liquidity in the market and always holds a well-diversified optimal portfolio with higher portfolio risk and better performance. Moreover, regardless low or high weighted volatility, higher trading volumes are associated with a larger dispersion of correlation uncertainty across agents. This model explains a number of well documented empirical puzzles on correlation, including asymmetric correlation, under-diversification and limited participation, comovement and flight to quality in the financial market.
The Anatomy of Satisfaction of a House Purchase

This paper investigates empirically the psychology determining house buyer satisfaction in France. We examine the proposition that four dimensions of perceptions determine satisfaction in a theoretical framework adopted from the economic psychology and marketing literatures. The investigation employs structural equation modelling to assess the reliability of our measurements of perceived values and satisfaction and to establish causal relationships between them. We find that perceptions of quality, price and emotions are unambiguously important to homebuyers and investors, but weaker support for social status. Homebuyers are more emotional but satisfaction evaluations and purchasing decisions made by both groups are cognitively dominated.
EXPERT ELICITATION OF THE IMPACT OF R & D BUDGET ON CSP IN SOUTH AFRICA

The recent signing of outstanding power purchase agreements with renewable energy independent power producers (IPPs) by the South African government suggests the need for an increase in the funding of solar energy research, development and innovations, to encourage an improvement in the technology push. In recent years, there had been several advancements, acceptance and new patents globally which had led to the reduction in the electricity cost of majority of the renewable energy technologies. This study analyses the impact of RD&D funding on the present and future cost of electricity from concentrated solar power (CSP), as it remains more expensive in terms of cost-per-kilowatt-hour than other renewable sources like Wind or Solar PV. An extensive expert elicitation procedure was carried out due to limited data and the results from this study presents a RD&D investment strategy that will foster technological improvement and adoption of CSP in South Africa (SA). CSP in SA was evaluated, three RD&D funding scenarios were presented and analysed, and an allocation procedure was developed. The results from the study shows that strategic policies, laws and right funding can help SA to fully maximize its CSP resources potential to foster cost reduction and market viability of its solar innovations.
Age and sex distributions in the catches of belugas , Delphinapterus leucas , in West Greenland and in western Russia

Age and sex were determined for belugas or white whales, Delphinapterus teucas, harvested in West Greenland in 1985-86 and 1989-1997. There was a clear segregation of whales in the drive fishery conducted during autumn in Qaanaaq and Upernavik. Primarily immature whales of both sexes together with mature females were taken. Age was estimated from Growth Layer Croups (GLGs) in sectioned teeth, assuming the currently accepted criteria of 2 GLGs forming annually. The mean and median ages were increasing slightly in both sexes from Upernavik from 1985 through 1994. Both immature and mature whales were taken on the wintering grounds from Disko Bay and south. Estimation of survival was confounded by the large number of whales where only a minimum age could be assigned because of tooth wear at the crown (i.e. no neonatal line in the dentine). The apparent survival rates for belugas from West Greenland were estimated as 0.81 and 0.79 for females and males, respectively. Correction of these estimates for an observed population decline of 4.7% per year revealed true survival rates of 0.85 and 0.82 for females and males, respectively. The estimates of true survival rates are less than those determined for beluga populations in the White and Kara seas and in Alaska for comparable age truncations. Since the exploitation levels are much lower in these areas the low apparent survival rate from West Greenland strongly supports the evidence of a population decline. Colour change from grey to white occurs at mean ages of 8.5 yr and 9.1 yr and median lengths of 367 cm and 445 cm in females and males, respectively.
Chapter VI Beyond Trade Facilitation : Impact of the Domestic Business Environment on Export Competitiveness in Asia and the Pacific

The global crisis which began in 2008 has had a devastating effect on trade flows. Many countries in Asia and the Pacific have experienced double digit falls in exports, as key foreign markets for goods and services suddenly collapsed. While there are signs that the global demand will recover, it has become clear that the recovery is likely to be slow and partial, as access to credit in many developed countries ultimately becomes more difficult. As firms compete more intensely to secure a share of the smaller global market, countries should accelerate implementation of trade and business facilitation reforms and measures to ensure their firms remain competitive.
Effect of parasitism on the length / weight relationship and the condition index in two groups of Pagellus acarne ( Risso , 1826 ) ( Perciformes Sparidae ) , parasitized and unparasitized specimens , from the Eastern Coast of Algeria

Received 17.10. 2017; accepted 03.12. 2017; printed 30.12. 2017 In the present study, the relationship between parasitism and some host biological parameters is studied for the first time in Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826) (Perciformes Sparidae) from the eastern coast of Algeria. This study is carried out on 111 specimens, examined between April 2013 and March 2014. Parasitofauna of P. acarne is rich and various; 373 parasites belonging to different parasite groups are reported. Eleven parasite species are identified: 3 Digenea, 1 Isopoda, 3 Monogenea and 4 Nematoda, with the predominance of Nematoda (more than 50%). Our results reveal that mean intensity increases with the length of the host and varies from 4 to 8 parasites by infested host. The comparison of some biological parameters (length/weight relationship and the Fulton condition index K) does not show significant differences between parasitized and unparasitized specimens. These results allow us to deduct that P. acarne from the eastern cost of Algeria is not affected by parasitism despite the important parasite infestation.
EVALUATION OF AN ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA OTOLITH REFERENCE COLLECTION

This study evaluated age estimates from a bluefin tuna otolith collection for bias, precision and compared age estimates to the most recent growth curve (Restrepo et al. 2010). Overall, ageing error was low and within the acceptable APE and CV (10%) for quality control. However, all readers exhibited a consistent bias in ageing larger fish (CFL>180 cm) compared to the growth curve. The observed bias may be explained by the fitting of the growth model to age data, temporal variability in growth rate or edge type assignment. We conclude that this set of images can serve as a reference collection and thereby support routine production ageing of bluefin tuna. RÉSUMÉ
76 Long-term effects of fertiliser on the productivity and persistence of perennial native grasses

the pasture persistence, productivity and economics of three fertiliser regimes was measured for 13 years in an unreplicated study on a 42 ha wallaby grass (Austrodanthonia spp.) dominant, ‘modified native pasture’ at Newbridge on the central tablelands of New South Wales. The soil at the site was a highly acidic, slate/shale based gravelly loam with >20% aluminium throughout the profile. The paddocks had been cleared, cropped once and sown to a mixed introduced perennial pasture containing subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in the 1960s, but reverted to native species over the years with a low phosphate status as fertiliser use declined. The results showed that the native grasses present [wallaby grass, weeping grass (Microlaena stipoides) and common wheat grass (Elymus scaber)], were persistent and more productive and profitable when fertiliser was applied to overcome deficiencies. The livestock enterprise we used was late July lambing Border Leicester x Merino ewes joined to Poll Dorset rams with the aim of weaning 38 kg lambs before Christmas for the domestic prime lamb market. Despite some dry years and consequent heavy grazing at times, there appears to be no long-term loss of native grasses, even in paddocks where very high fertiliser applications were made. This was attributed to adjustment of stocking rate to utilise the increased pasture growth, preventing smothering of wallaby grass in particular, by annual species stimulated by the increasing fertility. The normal district practice of applying 125 kg/ ha single superphosphate to these modified native pastures, only once every third year was uneconomic.
The stability and PVT equation of state of CaSiO 3 perovskite in the Earth ' s lower mantle

Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements for polycrystalline CaSiO3 perovskite were carried out at in situ transition zone and lower mantle P-T conditions (P=18-96 GPa, T=1238-2419 K) using the diamond anvil cell and double-sided laser heating at the GeoSoilEnviro Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources (GSECARS) sector of the Advanced Photon Source. An analysis of the temperature error sources in laser heating reveals that the axial and radial thermal gradients are the greatest error source. We have used measurements where the combined temperature error (lcy) from all sources is •150 K. By obtaining X-ray diffraction patterns at 8-22 GPa and 300-2200 K range, the high-temperature phase boundary between CaSi2Os+Ca2SiO4 and CaSiO3 perovskite was determined to be 14-16 GPa, in contrast to the results of previous large-volume press (LVP) measurements (9-11 GPa). The stability of cubic CaSiO3 perovskite was confirmed to 2300 km depth in the Earth's interior. No evidence of phase transformation or break down to oxides was observed. The proposed tetragonal distortion, and hence the phase transformation from distorted phase to cubic, was not observed. The combined data set of this study and earlier LVP measurements was fit to a Birch-Murnaghan-Debye equation. By fixing V0 27.45 cm3/mol, KTO -236 GPa, and K•0 = 3.9 from recent static compression data and 00 = 1000 K, we obtain 70 = 1.92 40.5 and q = 0.6 + 0.3. Although data to 69 GPa and 2380 K were used in the fitting, this result is also consistent with measurements to 96 GPa. This result yields not only density and bulk modulus but also higher-order thermoelastic parameters, such as thermal expansivity and temperature dependence of bulk modulus, at lower mantle P-T condition in an internally consistent way. This direct measurement of the equation of state at lower mantle condition verifies that the density and bulk modulus of CaSiO3 perovskite at lower mantle P-T condition• are very close to seismic values (within 1.5 and 3.0%, respectively). These differences are sufficiently small that the abundance of CaSiO3 perovskite will have negligible effects on density and bulk modulus profiles for the mantle.
SATURABLE ABSORPTION IN SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) provide an alternative to multi-quantum well (MQW) based saturable absorbers at optical communication wavelengths. This work is aimed at measuring the nonlinear absorption coefficient of SWNTs at 1550 nm and to compare the performance of SWNT based saturable absorbers with M Q W based saturable absorbers. In this work, saturable absorption and optical bleaching in a SWNT sample at 1550 nm were observed by the Power-scan and the two-color pump-probe measurement methods. A measurement system capable of performing Z-scan, P-scan, and pump-probe measurements was developed. The filtration method was used to fabricate a thin film of SWNTs grown by the HiPco process onto a sapphire substrate. The experimental results obtained from the P-scan measurements were analyzed to estimate the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the SWNT sample. The estimated values are large compared to those of other nonlinear optical materials. Optical bleaching was observed in the pump-probe measurement. A figure of merit to compare the performance of saturable absorbers based on their modulation depth, saturation intensity, and recovery time is proposed. Using it, the figures of merit of the SWNT sample used in this work, those of several SWNT based saturable absorbers reported in the literature, and those of several MQW based saturable absorbers, also reported in the literature, were calculated. The calculations showed that the performance of SWNT based saturable absorbers is comparable to M Q W based saturable absorbers. The optical properties of SWNTs, combined with the low cost of fabrication, demonstrate the potential of SWNT based devices to find a large number of optical applications.
COLI ISOLATED FROM MILK COLLECTED FROM SMALL SCALE DAIRY FARMS REARED IN HOLETA AND BURAYU , AND MEAT FROM ADDIS ABABA ABATTOIRS ENTERPRISE

A total of 516 samples were collected from December 2015 to April 2016 from dairy cattle farms and slaughterhouses to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance trait of E. coli isolated from cow milk, beef, mutton, chevon and chicken meat. The overall prevalence of E. coli were found to be 79 (15.3%) from both milk and meat. Of these positive cases, the isolation of E. coli was the highest in chicken samples 27 (37.0%), followed by 17 (23.3%) in mutton, 15 (20.6%) in chevon, 16 (7.1%) from cow milk and 4 (5.5 %) in beef. Conventional and molecular method were used to identify E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility trait. The overall result by disk diffusion showed that significantly high resistance to ampicillin (70.9%) and tetracycline (40.5%). On the other hand, the antibiotic sensitivity test showed that highest number of E. coli isolates were sensitive to gentamicin (81%) and chloramphenicol (67.1%). In this study the overall multiple drug resistance was 73.4% and only 7 (8.9 %) of the isolates were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. Identification of the genes associated with antimicrobial resistance was also done using PCR. The prevalence of E. coli isolates carrying antimicrobial resistance gene for tetracycline (tet(A)), beta lactams (blaCMY) and sulphanamide (sulI) genes found in milk, beef, mutton, chevon and chicken meat were significantly high. Fifty six out of the 79 (71%) meat and milk E. coli isolates have got multidrug resistance gene to two or more classes of drugs. The associations of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and resistance genes was also determined. The most common drugs to which isolates demonstrated resistance were consistent with the most common resistance genes detected. Tetracycline, beta lactams and sulphamethoxazole were the top three drugs identified as being the most common for resistance measured either phenotypically or genotypically. So that the rising levels of resistance to multiple antimicrobials dictate the urgent need for frequent and close monitoring of resistance in bacterial pathogens.
Transitory and Permanent Volatility Components in the Main US ETF Markets : An Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the impact of both unexpected and expected trading volumes on permanent and transitory components of variance of 5 selected Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs). To develop the broadest spectrum of assets possible, we selected five ETFs involving stocks, bonds and selected commodities. Clearly, since the chosen ETFs all have different underlying fundamentals that influence returns, we can investigate whether the postulated relationships are different for assets driven by different fundamentals. Using daily returns data over the October 2007 – May 2012 period, our findings suggest that expected and unexpected volumes both impact permanent volatilities for longer duration than they do transitory volatilities for all ETFs. The impact on transitory volatilities is most ephemeral for the stock ETF, followed (in order) by the agricultural, the oil, the gold, and the bond ETFs. On the other hand, the permanent volatility component tends to show strongest persistence (in order) for the commodity (the gold, the oil, and the agricultural) ETFs. Using appropriate trading strategies from information available in the permanent and transitory volatility components, we find that investors can make profits ranging from 0.5% and 18.64% using sample ETFs.
Sowing Seeds Protocol based Key Distribution for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used in many life applications. WSN has many limitations in terms of energy and battery lifetime that puts constrains in implementing security protocols and key distribution. Secret key refreshment exhausts WSN energy. In this paper, a sowing seeds scheme is proposed to improve the WSN performance. The proposed protocol sows seeds to nodes once and secret keys are generated inside each node. The proposed protocol increases WSN throughput, decreases WSN energy for key distribution, and increases node performance of WSN.