Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid waste generation, characteristics and disposal at Chittagong university campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Chittagong University (CU) is a public university, known as the cleanest university of Bangladesh due to its neatness and overwhelming presence of green trees and hilly landscape. But now due to indiscriminate solid waste disposal and improper waste management, the cleanliness of the university has been facing serious problem. The study was conducted at Chittagong University campus to determine the generation rate, physical composition and characterization of solid waste and find out current situation of solid waste disposal and management in the campus. Total solid waste generation in CU campus was 1509 kg per day and the generation rate 0.17 kg per person per day. Waste generation from 12 colonies, 6 staff quarters, 3 residential areas, 9 halls & 2 hostels (including Pagoda), 6 faculties (including 1 college and 3 schools), commercial areas (125 shops and restaurants) and 7 offices were 500, 144, 162.22, 363.97, 78.71, 197.50, and 31.52 kg and waste generation rate by individual category 0.16, 0.21, 0.29, 0.08, 0.004, 1.58, and 0.05 kg per day respectively. Total amount of recyclable and non-recyclable waste generation was 416.20 kg (28%) and 1092.79 kg (72%) per day respectively. There are 64 dumping sites found in the campus, most of these are unhygienic and becomes very risky for sound environment of the campus. Therefore, it is inevitable to take immediate steps by University authority to improve environmental condition of University campus through effective solid waste management.
A Mosaic of Chemical Coevolution in a Large Blue Butterfly

Mechanisms of recognition are essential to the evolution of mutualistic and parasitic interactions between species. One such example is the larval mimicry that Maculinea butterfly caterpillars use to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies. We found that the greater the match between the surface chemistry of Maculinea alcon and two of its host Myrmica species, the more easily ant colonies were exploited. The geographic patterns of surface chemistry indicate an ongoing coevolutionary arms race between the butterflies and Myrmica rubra, which has significant genetic differentiation between populations, but not between the butterflies and a second, sympatric host, Myrmica ruginodis, which has panmictic populations. Alternative hosts may therefore provide an evolutionary refuge for a parasite during periods of counteradaptation by their preferred hosts.
Role of CYP epoxygenases in A 2 AAR-mediated relaxation using A 2 AAR-null and wild-type mice

Mohammed A. Nayeem, Samuel M. Poloyac, John R. Falck, Darryl C. Zeldin, Catherine Ledent, Dovenia S. Ponnoth, Habib R. Ansari, and S. Jamal Mustafa Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Cardiovascular Sciences, West Virginia Univeristy, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennslyvania; and Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Phenotype and genotype in 101 males with X-linked creatine transporter deficiency

Background Creatine transporter deficiency is a monogenic cause of X-linked intellectual disability. Since its first description in 2001 several case reports have been published but an overview of phenotype, genotype and phenotype–genotype correlation has been lacking. Methods We performed a retrospective study of clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic data of 101 males with X-linked creatine transporter deficiency from 85 families with a pathogenic mutation in the creatine transporter gene (SLC6A8). Results and conclusions Most patients developed moderate to severe intellectual disability; mild intellectual disability was rare in adult patients. Speech language development was especially delayed but almost a third of the patients were able to speak in sentences. Besides behavioural problems and seizures, mild to moderate motor dysfunction, including extrapyramidal movement abnormalities, and gastrointestinal problems were frequent clinical features. Urinary creatine to creatinine ratio proved to be a reliable screening method besides MR spectroscopy, molecular genetic testing and creatine uptake studies, allowing definition of diagnostic guidelines. A third of patients had a de novo mutation in the SLC6A8 gene. Mothers with an affected son with a de novo mutation should be counselled about a recurrence risk in further pregnancies due to the possibility of low level somatic or germline mosaicism. Missense mutations with residual activity might be associated with a milder phenotype and large deletions extending beyond the 3′ end of the SLC6A8 gene with a more severe phenotype. Evaluation of the biochemical phenotype revealed unexpected high creatine levels in cerebrospinal fluid suggesting that the brain is able to synthesise creatine and that the cerebral creatine deficiency is caused by a defect in the reuptake of creatine within the neurones.
Quantification of human skin barrier function and susceptibility to quantum dot skin penetration

Abstract In this study, we utilize in vivo human skin and a viable ex-vivo human skin model to investigate the effect of a commercial depilatory agent on barrier function. Tape stripping was used as a positive control. The magnitude of skin barrier was quantified by measuring transepidermal water loss values on in vivo human skin and transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and tissue histology on ex vivo skin. The susceptibility to carboxylated quantum dot penetration through ex vivo skin was investigated using fluorescent microcopy analysis of microtomed skin sections and flow cytometry to quantify quantum dot association with live epidermal cells. Results show that depilatory treatment modifies the outside-in barrier sufficiently to allow quantum dots to penetrate the stratum corneum but to a lesser extent than tape stripping. The implications of these finding are discussed.
DRIVING FORCE OF E-LOYALTY IN ONLINE BANKING SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

The development of customer loyalty in online banking has become a basic issue because of the positive and constructive influence on banks' long haul productivity. With increasing Internet access, the competition is only one tick away. Customer loyalty in online banking sector appears to be essential for electronic banks both in a competitive and additionally an economic sense. Hence, there is a need to understand how customer loyalty in the online banking sector is created. Previous studies found that e-service quality, e-satisfaction, and e-trust have direct or indirect effects on the creation of e-loyalty. However, previous studies just demonstrated a piece of relationships between these variables and their effects on e-loyalty. A hole can be discovered that there is not a comprehensive view on all of the effects that service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer trust have on customer loyalty in the context of online banking. Therefore, the present research tried to provide a comprehensive model to fill the crevice of previous literature and demonstrate the relationship of e-service quality, e-satisfaction, and e-trust with e-loyalty in the online banking sector. The target sample in this investigation was experienced Internet banking users. Based on the investigation, it is discovered that e-satisfaction and e-trust assume the real role to construct e-loyalty in the online banking sector. However, e-service quality is not a predictor of customer e-loyalty towards Internet banking websites. It means that customers tend not to be steadfast even. However, the online banking service providers provide great services. The investigation impediments, suggestions, alongside directions for further research are discussed.
Management accounting in early-stage growth companies - A comparative case study of 5 Finnish early-stage growth companies

The purpose of this study was to investigate how early-stage growth companies take advantage of management accounting and which factors influence its development on a general level as well as in terms of specific management accounting segments. The study contributes in particular to management accounting literature but also to literature on new venture development. The study was conducted as a comparative case study of five Finnish early-stage growth companies. Four of the case companies were chosen from the software industry in order to gain insight into how management accounting develops in companies from similar industries. The final case company was chosen from the nanotechnology industry, which allowed investigation also across industry borders. The theoretical part of the study mainly consists of international academic journals and the empirical material was mainly gathered using theme interviews with the managers of the case companies, but also other sources were used. The empirical material was constantly reflected against existing theory and after all the material had been gathered, it was organized into company and management accounting segment specific categories and contrasted with existing theory. The results of the study are revealing as to which management accounting systems are used and which factors affect the development of management accounting in early-stage companies both at the general level but also in terms of specific systems. Budgeting was found to be particularly widely adopted and important. The most important roles that management accounting has were informing where the company is and where it is going, cash management, coordinating operations and planning for growth. Whereas support was found concerning the importance of many factors for management accounting development, particularly industry and the characteristics of management were found to have an effect. Industry and business model level characteristics were found to have an especially strong impact on the initial accounting needs of a business, that is, accounting needs that exist even when a company is very small. As the company grows control aspects become more important. Management characteristics on the other hand were especially important in determining how the management accounting systems develop, or how these management accounting needs are executed upon.
Altered structure of small cerebral arteries in patients with essential hypertension

Objective Structural alterations in the microcirculation may be considered an important mechanism of organ damage. An increased media-to-lumen ratio of subcutaneous small resistance arteries has been demonstrated to predict the development of cardiocerebrovascular events in hypertensive patients. Alterations in the structure of small cerebral arteries have been demonstrated in animal models of experimental or genetic hypertension. However, no evaluation with reliable techniques has ever been performed in humans. Design and methods Twenty-eight participants were included in the present study: they were 13 hypertensive patients and 15 normotensive individuals. All participants underwent a neurosurgical intervention for benign or malign tumors. A small portion of morphologically normal cerebral tissue was excised from surgical samples and examined. Cerebral small resistance arteries (relaxed diameter around 200 μm) were dissected and mounted on an isometric and isobaric myograph, and the tunica media to internal lumen ratio was measured. In addition, cerebral cortical microvessel density (MVD) was also evaluated. The tissue was sectioned and stained for CD31, and MVD was measured with an automated image analyzer (percentage of area stained). Blood pressure values were evaluated, before surgical intervention, by standard sphygmomanometry. Results M/L was significantly greater and MVD significantly lower in hypertensive patients than that in normotensive individuals. No difference between groups in collagen content or mechanical properties of cerebral small arteries was observed. Conclusion Our results indicate that structural alterations of small cerebral vessels are present in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive individuals, similar to those previously observed in subcutaneous small arteries.
Suicide and mental disorders in Asia

Sixty one percent of the suicides in the world occur in Asia. The suicide rate of Asia has been calculated as 12.6/100,000. This is an underestimate as data is unavailable for 20.7% of the Asian population. Population-based studies on suicide in Asia reveal that 68–97% had diagnosable psychiatric disorders. Only 35–40% of suicides in India and China received the diagnosis of depression. The association between depression and suicide is less pronounced in Asia. Demographic and socio-cultural risk factors for suicide in Asia are different from Western countries but clinical factors appear to be more similar than different. Suicide is a major public and mental health problem in Asia and there is an urgent need to develop effective national suicide prevention strategy in Asian countries.
The determination of CEO compensation following mergers and acquisitions in China

This thesis explores the issue of CEO compensation following mergers and acquisitions (M&As) for Chinese firms. The objectives are presented as follows: First, to explore the relationship between CEO compensation and M&As decisions in Chinese firms. Second, to examine the factors influencing the determination of CEO compensation following M&As in Chinese firms. Based on a sample of 10,249 observations for Chinese listed firms and a quantitative research approach, the thesis finds that CEO compensation in Chinese firms is positively and significantly related to the M&As completion when controlling for factors including firm performance, corporate governance and the CEO political connection. Regarding the determination of CEO compensation following M&As, none of the theories could perfectly explain the determination of CEO compensation following M&As. Some of the results are more consistent with the agency theory that the optimal CEO compensation arrangement is designed to align the interests of shareholders. For example, empirical results show that size and ROA are significantly and positively correlated to CEO compensation following M&As. Some results are more consistent with the managerial power theory. For example, CEO shareholding is significantly positively correlated to CEO compensation. The result of politically connected CEO is consistent with the managerial power theory combined with resource dependency theory. Specifically, a positive relationship exists between CEO compensation and CEO political connection.
The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: discovery of two faint stellar system candidates

We report the discovery of two new candidate stellar systems in the constellation of Cetus using the data from the first two years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The objects, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304, are located at a heliocentric distance of ~ 25 kpc and appear to have old and metal-poor populations. Their distances to the Sagittarius orbital plane, ~ 1.73 kpc (DES J0111-1341) and ~ 0.50 kpc (DES J0225+0304), indicate that they are possibly associated with the Sagittarius dwarf stream. The half-light radius (r_h ~ 4.55 pc) and luminosity (M_V ~ +0.3) of DES J0111-1341 are consistent with it being an ultrafaint stellar cluster, while the half-light radius (r_h ~ 18.55 pc) and luminosity (M_V ~ -1.1) of DES J0225+0304 place it in an ambiguous region of size-luminosity space between stellar clusters and dwarf galaxies. Determinations of the characteristic parameters of the Sagittarius stream, metallicity spread (-2.18 < [Fe/H] < -0.95) and distance gradient (23 kpc < D_sun < 29 kpc), within the DES footprint in the Southern hemisphere, using the same DES data, also indicate a possible association between these systems. If these objects are confirmed through spectroscopic follow-up to be gravitationally bound systems and to share a Galactic trajectory with the Sagittarius stream, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304 would be the first ultrafaint stellar systems associated with the Sagittarius stream. Furthermore, DES J0225+0304 would also be the first confirmed case of an ultrafaint satellite of a satellite.
A new paradigm for the understanding of obesity: the role of stem cells

Obesity is a pandemic disorder that can be defined as a chronic excess of adipose tissue that increases the risk of suffering chronic diseases such as, diabetes, arterial hypertension, stroke and some forms of cancer. We now know that adipose tissue, aside from being an energy store, is also an important endocrine and metabolic organ. Recently, new mechanisms that control obesity have been identified, such as the equilibrium between white and brown adipose tissue, the localization of adipose mass (visceral or ventral), and the presence of adipose and mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we describe the implication of these stem cell types in the normal physiology and dysfunction of adipose tissue. These stem cells provide a potential target for modulating the response of the body to obesity and diabetes, as well as a potential tool for regenerative medicine.
Growth of Syntrophic Propionate-Oxidizing Bacteria with Fumarate in the Absence of Methanogenic Bacteria

Oxidation of succinate to fumarate is an energetically difficult step in the biochemical pathway of propionate oxidation by syntrophic methanogenic cultures. Therefore, the effect of fumarate on propionate oxidation by two different propionate-oxidizing cultures was investigated. When the methanogens in a newly enriched propionate-oxidizing methanogenic culture were inhibited by bromoethanesulfonate, fumarate could act as an apparent terminal electron acceptor in propionate oxidation. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance experiments showed that propionate was carboxylated to succinate while fumarate was partly oxidized to acetate and partly reduced to succinate. Fumarate alone was fermented to succinate and CO2. Bacteria growing on fumarate were enriched and obtained free of methanogens. Propionate was metabolized by these bacteria when either fumarate or Methanospirillum hungatii was added. In cocultures with Syntrophobacter wolinii, such effects were not observed upon addition of fumarate. Possible slow growth of S. wolinii on fumarate could not be demonstrated because of the presence of a Desulfovibrio strain which grew rapidly on fumarate in both the absence and presence of sulfate.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship Tourism: An Alternative Development Approach for Remote Coastal Communities Where Awareness of Tourism is Low

ABSTRACT Remote coastal communities often lack direct exposure to tourism activities, resulting in low levels of awareness of tourism. Low levels of awareness and limited understanding of tourism may nullify meaningful participation in widely advocated tourism planning and development strategies, such as community-based tourism (CBT). This paper presents data from a research project that sought to explore the viability of tourism as a development strategy for remote fishing communities in the Philippines. Interviews revealed that awareness of tourism within two remote coastal communities in the Philippines was minimal. These results indicate the limited potential for effective and meaningful participation by locals in tourism development planning as called for by the CBT strategy. Thus, the discussion focuses on theoretical and alternative approaches to tourism development when tourism awareness levels are lacking. As a consequence, a new approach, the Social Entrepreneurship Tourism Model, is proposed, to address the shortcomings of CBT for remote fishing communities with low tourism awareness levels as defined by this study.
Comparison of clustered care with three and four procedures on physiological responses of preterm infants: randomized crossover clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION Preterm infants are under different procedures as a part of their care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Reduction of their stress and to provide rest opportunity for them is very important. In this regard, clustering of routine care is recommended. The aim of this study was to compare of physiological responses in preterm infants to clustered care with three and four noninvasive procedures (Respectively 7 & 10 point stressor). METHODS A randomized crossover clinical trial performed in NICU of Al-Zahra teaching hospital, Tabriz, Iran in 2013. Thirty one preterm infants were studied at 32 weeks gestational age. The tool for data collection was a researcher-made data gathering sheet that personal information and measurement of primary outcomes (heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation) were recorded. The analysis of data was done with use of mixed model method at 0.05 significant level. RESULTS Mean of oxygen saturation in before, during and after of clustered care with three procedures were respectively 97.52, 97.32, 97.84 and four procedures 97.29, 97.16, 97.35, heart rate of three procedures 146.26, 149.90, 149.97 and four procedures 146.45, 150.39, 151.13, respiratory rate of three procedures 51.68, 48.87, 47.71 and four procedures 51.71, 50.26, 52.35 that all of them were at normal range. Significant differences were not found between mean of physiological responses in two interventions. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference between clustered care with four and three procedures. Both of them could be recommended for preterm infants in 32 weeks.