Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Needs of Middle School Agricultural Education Instructors in Georgia.

Like their students, middle school agricultural education instructors are a unique group with special needs and concerns. However, the needs of middle school teachers and their programs may be misunderstood and overlooked in the professional world when compared to secondary teachers and programs. While middle school programs are still relatively new to the world of agricultural education and are expected to continue to grow across the country, little focus has been placed on the needs of these programs and their teachers. In order to ensure the success of these teachers and to promote the longevity of quality middle school agricultural education programs, it is necessary to identify what teachers need to be successful. This study focused on Georgia middle school agricultural education instructors’ perceived levels of needs in various competency areas. A needs assessment was used to gather data from current Georgia middle school agricultural education instructors. The findings of this study indicate that Georgia middle school agricultural education instructors’ greatest overall needs for in-service training were in community and FFA competency areas. Determining the needs of this group of teachers will help provide adequate in-service instruction to ensure that middle school teachers have ample opportunities to be successful both inside and outside of the classroom.
Confounding effects of oxygen and temperature on the TEX86 signature of marine Thaumarchaeota

Significance Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most abundant microorganisms in the ocean. Apart from having a major influence on the nitrogen cycle, the glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids of AOA are widely used to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures. We here provide compelling evidence that the composition of membrane lipids of marine AOA show strain-specific dependence on temperature. We also show that oxygen (O2) concentration greatly influences membrane lipid composition, leading to significant increases in TEX86-derived temperatures with increasing O2 limitation. This finding challenges the convention that GDGT composition correlates solely with ocean temperature and necessitates a reassessment of archaeal lipid-based paleoclimate proxies, particularly when applied to environments where O2 is depleted. Marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most abundant of marine microorganisms, spanning nearly the entire water column of diverse oceanic provinces. Historical patterns of abundance are preserved in sediments in the form of their distinctive glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids. The correlation between the composition of GDGTs in surface sediment and the overlying annual average sea surface temperature forms the basis for a paleotemperature proxy (TEX86) that is used to reconstruct surface ocean temperature as far back as the Middle Jurassic. However, mounting evidence suggests that factors other than temperature could also play an important role in determining GDGT distributions. We here use a study set of four marine AOA isolates to demonstrate that these closely related strains generate different TEX86–temperature relationships and that oxygen (O2) concentration is at least as important as temperature in controlling TEX86 values in culture. All of the four strains characterized showed a unique membrane compositional response to temperature, with TEX86-inferred temperatures varying as much as 12 °C from the incubation temperatures. In addition, both linear and nonlinear TEX86–temperature relationships were characteristic of individual strains. Increasing relative abundance of GDGT-2 and GDGT-3 with increasing O2 limitation, at the expense of GDGT-1, led to significant elevations in TEX86-derived temperature. Although the adaptive significance of GDGT compositional changes in response to both temperature and O2 is unclear, this observation necessitates a reassessment of archaeal lipid-based paleotemperature proxies, particularly in records that span low-oxygen events or underlie oxygen minimum zones.
Enzyme Activity Profiles during Fruit Development in Tomato Cultivars and Solanum pennellii1[W][OA]

Enzymes interact to generate metabolic networks. The activities of more than 22 enzymes from central metabolism were profiled during the development of fruit of the modern tomato cultivar Solanum lycopersicum ‘M82’ and its wild relative Solanum pennellii (LA0716). In S. pennellii, the mature fruit remains green and contains lower sugar and higher organic acid levels. These genotypes are the parents of a widely used near introgression line population. Enzymes were also profiled in a second cultivar, S. lycopersicum ‘Moneymaker’, for which data sets for the developmental changes of metabolites and transcripts are available. Whereas most enzyme activities declined during fruit development in the modern S. lycopersicum cultivars, they remained high or even increased in S. pennellii, especially enzymes required for organic acid synthesis. The enzyme profiles were sufficiently characteristic to allow stages of development and cultivars and the wild species to be distinguished by principal component analysis and clustering. Many enzymes showed coordinated changes during fruit development of a given genotype. Comparison of the correlation matrices revealed a large overlap between the two modern cultivars and considerable overlap with S. pennellii, indicating that despite the very different development responses, some basic modules are retained. Comparison of enzyme activity, metabolite profiles, and transcript profiles in S. lycopersicum ‘Moneymaker’ revealed remarkably little connectivity between the developmental changes of transcripts and enzymes and even less between enzymes and metabolites. We discuss the concept that the metabolite profile is an emergent property that is generated by complex network interactions.
Family nurse practitioner student perception of journal abstract usefulness in clinical decision making: A randomized controlled trial

Purpose: To assess family nurse practitioner (FNP) student perception of research abstract usefulness in clinical decision making. Data sources: A randomized controlled trial conducted in a simulated environment with graduate FNP students of the Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Given a clinical case study and modified MEDLINE search tool accessible via an iPad device, participants were asked to develop a treatment plan and complete a data collection form. The primary measure was perceived usefulness of the research abstracts in clinical decision making regarding a simulated obese patient seeking to prevent type 2 diabetes. Secondary measures related to participant demographics and accessibility and usefulness of full‐text manuscripts. Conclusions: The majority of NP students identified readily available research abstracts as useful in shaping their clinical decision making. The presence or absence of full‐text manuscripts associated with the abstracts did not appear to influence the perceived abstract usefulness. The majority of students with full‐text manuscript access in the timed simulated clinical encounter read at least one paper, but cited insufficient time to read full‐text as a constraint. Implications for practice: Research abstracts at point of care may be valuable to FNPs if easily accessible and integrated into clinical workflow.
Chaotic Motion near Black Hole and Cosmological Horizons

It is known that certain types of particle motion near black hole horizons are chaotic while it has been proposed the existence of a universal bound for their Lyapunov exponent. We discuss the relation between chaos and inaffinity in presence of black hole and cosmological horizons. We argue that although a relation between the Lyapunov exponent and the generalized surface gravity appears naturally, in general there is no reason for the Lyapunov exponent of classical trajectories to be bounded in generic spacetimes with horizon. Moreover, we show that the de Sitter spacetime and cosmological horizons act as a nest of chaos in holography and we find that the Lyapunov exponent of the trajectories is related to the inaffinity in the same way for both cosmological and black hole horizons. This suggests that there is no distinction by the Lyapunov exponent between maximal chaos of black hole and cosmological horizons.
Progression of Early Retinal Dysfunction in Diabetes Over Time: Results of a Long-term Prospective Clinical Study

We explored signs of retinal dysfunction over time in diabetic subjects before or early in the course of retinopathy. Patients with no, mild, or moderate retinopathy were consecutively recruited and underwent standard automated perimetry, visual acuity measurement, and fundus photography. These examinations and measurements of HbA1c and blood pressure were repeated for up to 5 years from baseline. Visual field improvement/deterioration in diabetic subjects was evaluated using significance limits for change. Progression or regression of retinopathy was defined as a two-step change on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study final severity scale. Seventy-four subjects completed at least 3 years of follow-up, and 22% showed visual field worsening, defined as repeated significant deterioration at ≥10% of the test points, whereas only 1% showed field improvement. Worsening occurred in subjects both with and without vascular lesions. The degree of retinopathy was stable throughout the observation period in 68 of 74 eyes, improved in 4, and worsened in 2. Visual field deterioration was not correlated with a change in retinopathy. By using perimetry with an analysis tailored for monitoring diabetic subjects, we were able to demonstrate progression of retinal dysfunction over time, which may represent early signs of retinal neurodegeneration.
Temporary mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism during the development of hypertension improves cerebral artery dilation

Hypertension causes cerebral artery remodeling and increases the risk of stroke. Renin angiotensin system blockade during the development of hypertension has therapeutic effects even after treatment withdrawal. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation has been implicated in artery remodeling and impaired endothelial function. The possibility that there is a critical therapeutic window for MR antagonism has not been investigated. We hypothesized that temporary MR antagonism while hypertension develops would improve middle cerebral artery (MCA) structure and function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), even after treatment withdrawal. Six-week-old SHRSP were treated with spironolactone (25 mg/kg/day) from 6 to 12 weeks and when aged to 18 weeks, these rats were compared to age-matched untreated SHRSP. Surprisingly, temporary spironolactone treatment reduced the MCA outer and lumen diameter but had no effect on the wall thickness. Temporary spironolactone treatment improved nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor mediated dilation but had no effect on blood pressure. Spironolactone treatment caused a very small reduction in the damage caused by permanent focal cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that temporary MR antagonism during the development of hypertension has divergent effects on the MCA, in that it causes a potentially detrimental reduction in the lumen diameter while improving vasodilation.
The fate of the oculomotor system in clinical bilateral anophthalmia

Abstract The interdependence of the development of the eye and oculomotor system during embryogenesis is currently unclear. The occurrence of clinical anophthalmia, where the globe fails to develop, permits us to study the effects this has on the development of the complex neuromuscular system controlling eye movements. In this study, we use very high-resolution T2-weighted imaging in five anophthalmic subjects to visualize the extraocular muscles and the cranial nerves that innervate them. The subjects differed in the presence or absence of the optic nerve, the abducens nerve, and the extraocular muscles, reflecting differences in the underlying disruption to the eye’s morphogenetic pathway. The oculomotor nerve was present in all anophthalmic subjects and only slightly reduced in size compared to measurements in sighted controls. As might be expected, the presence of rudimentary eye-like structures in the socket appeared to correlate with development and persistence of the extraocular muscles in some cases. Our study supports in part the concept of an initial independence of muscle development, with its maintenance subject to the presence of these eye-like structures.
Service redundancy in fine dining: evidence from Taiwan

Purpose Service excellence has been recognized as a crucial means of achieving customer delight. Several recent studies have argued that redundant services may be perceived as unnecessary by customers; however, few studies have explored the construct of service redundancy. This study aims to identify and classify service redundancy in the foodservice industry. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews with 72 participants, namely, 36 customers and 36 managers of fine dining restaurants in Taiwan. Content analysis of the data yielded the classification of service redundancy. Findings This study determined 16 categories of service redundancy categorized under three themes: service behavior, service regulations and environmental factors. Furthermore, six causes and four consequences of service redundancy were identified. Research limitations/implications Customers and managers of fine dining restaurants were interviewed; thus, the findings may not be fully generalizable to service redundancy in other restaurant types. Originality/value The contribution of this research is the construction of a model of service redundancy, which could serve as a theoretical foundation for further examination of service redundancy and the relationships between the related constructs.
Predicting factors and prevalence of meningitis in patients with first seizure and fever aged 6 to 18 months

Objective: To evaluate predicting factors and prevalence of meningitis in patients with first seizure and fever aged 6-18 months old. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 800 patients aged 6-18 months old who had first attack of seizure with fever between March 2005 and March 2012 in the pediatric ward of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Results: Among 800 patients, lumbar puncture (LP) was performed in 453 (56.6%) patients, of whom 80 cases had meningitis (17.6% of LP patients). Postictal drowsiness (p=0.003), neurologic deficit (p=0.000), and body temperature ≥38.5°C (p=0.035) were among the clinical signs, which were statistically significant predicting factors for meningitis. Laboratory tests including white blood count (WBC) ≥15000 mm3 (p=0.004), and hemoglobin (Hb) <10.5 gr/dl (p=0.020) also had statistical significance in predicting meningitis. Conclusion: Postictal drowsiness, neurological deficit, body temperature ≥38°5C, WBC ≥15000 mm3, and Hb <10.5 gr/dl were clinical and laboratory factors predictive of meningitis in cases with first attack of seizure and fever.
Cellular FLIP (Long Form) Regulates CD8+ T Cell Activation through Caspase-8-Dependent NF-κB Activation1

Cellular FLIP long form (c-FLIPL) was originally identified as an inhibitor of Fas (CD95/Apo-1). Subsequently, additional functions of c-FLIPL were identified through its association with receptor-interacting protein (RIP)1 and TNFR-associated factor 2 to activate NF-κB, as well as by its association with and activation of caspase-8. T cells from c-FLIPL-transgenic (Tg) mice manifest hyperproliferation upon activation, although it was not clear which of the various functions of c-FLIPL was involved. We have further explored the effect of c-FLIPL on CD8+ effector T cell function and its mechanism of action. c-FLIPL-Tg CD8+ T cells have increased proliferation and IL-2 responsiveness to cognate Ags as well as to low-affinity Ag variants, due to increased CD25 expression. They also have a T cytotoxic 2 cytokine phenotype. c-FLIPL-Tg CD8+ T cells manifest greater caspase activity and NF-κB activity upon activation. Both augmented proliferation and CD25 expression are blocked by caspase inhibition. c-FLIPL itself is a substrate of the caspase activity in effector T cells, being cleaved to a p43FLIP form. p43FLIP more efficiently recruits RIP1 than full-length c-FLIPL to activate NF-κB. c-FLIPL and RIP1 also coimmunoprecipitate with active caspase-8 in effector CD8+ T cells. Thus, one mechanism by which c-FLIPL influences effector T cell function is through its activation of caspase-8, which in turn cleaves c-FLIPL to allow RIP1 recruitment and NF-κB activation. This provides a partial explanation of why caspase activity is required to initiate proliferation of resting T cells.
Mutational analysis of the hMLH1 gene using an automated two‐dimensional DNA typing system

Searching for mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes is important not only for presymptomatic diagnosis, but also for documenting the spectrum of mutations among families carrying predispositions to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). We utilized an automated two‐dimensional DNA typing system for mutational analysis of the hMLH1 gene and established optimal conditions for application of the technique to analysis of hMLH1. This approach enabled us to visualize 21 spots covering all 19 coding exons on a single gel and to envisage whether and where any mutations existed. All mutations that we had detected previously by other means in a panel of HNPCC patients and in one patient with sporadic endometrial cancer were also detectable by this method. Furthermore, using the 2‐D system, we screened the entire coding regions of the hMLH1 gene in DNAs isolated from affected individuals belonging to two large HNPCC kindreds and four HNPCC‐like kindreds, and from four patients with multiple primary cancers as well as eight sporadic colorectal cancers with replication error (RER)‐positive phenotypes. We detected novel germline mutations in one HNPCC proband and one sporadic colorectal cancer with the RER‐positive phenotype and one polymorphism in two HNPCC‐like kindreds. This new diagnostic method is applicable to mutational analysis of any disease‐causing gene, and it offers a major improvement over current approaches. Hum Mutat 9:164–171, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Determinants of Forecast Error Made by CEOs: SBF 120 Evidence

What is the link between governance and firm’ characteristics in forecast error? More specifically, how can female affect analyst forecast? This study sheds light on these questions while taking into account the endogeneity and granger causality test of the relationships among corporate governance and forecast error made by leaders. The authors make more additional contributions about female participation and forecast error to the literature. With a selective selection of the sample by eliminating firms that does not contain a woman in such a leading position, our sample is made up of 83 companies belonging to the SBF 120 index during the period 2010-2014. Our methodology is to estimate the linear regression, which connects the forecast' error to the explanatory variables. The originality of this study focuses on the examination of the women's participation in the explanation of the forecast error committed by the leader in the French context. Our results show that the diversity in the board improves significantly the reliability of the forecasts. Contrary to our hypothesis, the authors found a positive and significant relationship between the female leader and the forecast error. Added to that, the size, age and audit quality are as well are different compared to our assumptions but this is not the case for external directors. Concerning the structure of the undertaking, the results of the three models show a significant and positive impact on the size of the Directors' board and the duality on the forecast error. In this study, the authors proved that the firms belonging to the service sector suffer from a forecast error that is considered very high.
Disordered hyperuniform heterogeneous materials

Disordered hyperuniform many-body systems are distinguishable states of matter that lie between a crystal and liquid: they are like perfect crystals in the way they suppress large-scale density fluctuations and yet are like liquids or glasses in that they are statistically isotropic with no Bragg peaks. These systems play a vital role in a number of fundamental and applied problems: glass formation, jamming, rigidity, photonic and electronic band structure, localization of waves and excitations, self-organization, fluid dynamics, quantum systems, and pure mathematics. Much of what we know theoretically about disordered hyperuniform states of matter involves many-particle systems. In this paper, we derive new rigorous criteria that disordered hyperuniform two-phase heterogeneous materials must obey and explore their consequences. Two-phase heterogeneous media are ubiquitous; examples include composites and porous media, biological media, foams, polymer blends, granular media, cellular solids, and colloids. We begin by obtaining some results that apply to hyperuniform two-phase media in which one phase is a sphere packing in d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd. Among other results, we rigorously establish the requirements for packings of spheres of different sizes to be ‘multihyperuniform’. We then consider hyperuniformity for general two-phase media in Rd. Here we apply realizability conditions for an autocovariance function and its associated spectral density of a two-phase medium, and then incorporate hyperuniformity as a constraint in order to derive new conditions. We show that some functional forms can immediately be eliminated from consideration and identify other forms that are allowable. Specific examples and counterexamples are described. Contact is made with well-known microstructural models (e.g. overlapping spheres and checkerboards) as well as irregular phase-separation and Turing-type patterns. We also ascertain a family of autocovariance functions (or spectral densities) that are realizable by disordered hyperuniform two-phase media in any space dimension, and present select explicit constructions of realizations. These studies provide insight into the nature of disordered hyperuniformity in the context of heterogeneous materials and have implications for the design of such novel amorphous materials.