Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new Mathematical Framework to Understand Single Neuron Computations

An important feature of the nervous system is its ability to adapt to new stimuli. This adaptation allows for optimal encoding of the incoming information by dynamically changing the coding strategy based upon the incoming inputs to the neuron. At the level of single cells, this widespread phenomena is often referred to as spike-frequency adaptation, since it manifests as a history-dependent modulation of the neurons firing frequency. In this thesis I focus on how a neuron is able to adapt its activity to a specific input as well as on the function of such adaptive mechanisms. To study these adaptive processes different approaches have been used, from empirical observations of neural activities to detailed modeling of single cells. Here, I approach these problems by using simplified threshold models. In particular, I introduced a new generalization of the integrate-and-fire model (GIF) along with a convex fitting method allowing for efficient estimation of model parameters. Despite its relative simplicity I show that this neuron model is able to reproduce neuron behaviors with a high degree of accuracy. Moreover, using this method I was able to show that cortical neurons are equipped with two distinct adaptation mechanisms. First, a spike-triggered current that captures the complex influx of ions generated after the emission of a spike. While the second is a movement of the firing threshold, which possibly reflects the slow inactivation of sodium channels induced by the spiking activity. The precise dynamics of these adaptation processes is cell-type specific, explaining the difference of firing activity reported in different neuron types. Consequently, neuronal types can be classified based on model parameters. In Pyramidal neurons spike-dependent adaptation lasts for seconds and follows a scale-free dynamics, which is optimally tuned to encodes the natural inputs that pyramidal neurons receive in vivo. Finally using an extended version of the GIF model, I show that adaptation is not only a spike-dependent phenomenon, but also acts at the subthreshold level. In Pyramidal neurons the dynamics of the firing threshold is influenced by the subthreshold membrane potential. Spike-dependent and voltage-dependent adaptation interact in an activity-dependent way to ultimately shape the filtering properties of the membrane on the input statistics. Equipped with such a mechanism, Pyramidal neurons behave as integrators at low inputs and as a coincidence detectors at high inputs, maintaining sensitivity to input fluctuations across all regimes.
Continued Usage with Attachment on Mobile Devices Influencing Perceived Value and Perceived Enjoyment

The concept of attachment between users and Information Systems; specifically on mobile devices was examined in this study. Furthermore, the moderating effect of users` past experience also was investigated. The empirical study was done involving 240 university students; to investigate the participants` perceived value, perceived enjoyment, attachment and also continuous usage of mobile devices. Additionally, participants` past experience was also enquired to examine its moderating effects. The results show that attachment is mediating both perceived value and perceived enjoyment with continuous usage. Meanwhile, past experience negatively moderates perceived enjoyment with attachment and also negatively moderates attachment with continuous usage.
MPI: A message - passing interface standard

In rock drilling utilizing mechanical destruction of the rock and circulation of drilling fluid for removing debris from the cutting face, the drilling fluid is directed on to the cutting face in the form of two opposed pulsed jets, the cycles of which are 180 DEG out of phase. In order to achieve the phased opposition of the pulsed jets a ball is disposed in the distribution chamber of the drilling fluid and is subjected to a combination of hydraulic and mechanical forces which cause the ball to oscillate between two end positions in which the ball respectively closes off one of two outlet ducts leading to nozzles which direct the drilling fluid towards opposite points on the bottom of the drill hole.
Benefit-Cost Analysis

Decisions on investing in health as well as other policies require deciding how to best allocate available resources—recognizing that using labor, materials, and other resources for one purpose means that they cannot be used for other purposes. The analytic approaches discussed in this volume have in common the overarching goal of providing information on policy impacts, so as to provide an evidence base for decisions. What distinguishes benefit-cost analysis is its emphasis on explicitly accounting for all significant outcomes (both health and non-health) and on valuing them in monetary units to facilitate comparison. Benefit-cost analysis makes the relative values of different outcomes explicit. As conventionally implemented, benefit-cost analysis does not address the distribution of impacts within a population, but it can be supplemented to do so.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of gastroenteritis associated with enteric adenovirus in hospitalized children in Bushehr Province, Iran

Enteric adenoviruses are one of the most significant etiological agents of severe viral gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological features of enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children less than 7 years of age in Borazjan, Bushehr Province, Iran. From October 2008 to September 2010, stool specimens from 375 children suffering from acute diarrhea were investigated for the presence of enteric adenoviruses using enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Demographic and clinical information were obtained through a standard questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. Out of the total collected samples, 5.1% were positive for enteric adenoviruses. Of the adenovirus episodes, 68.42% occurred during the first 2 years of life ( P = 0.640). The highest prevalence of infection was identified in the spring (63.16%), followed by the autumn (21.05%), winter (10.53%) and summer (5.26%) seasons, respectively (P = 0.001). The most common clinical symptoms included diarrhea (84.21%), moderate dehydration (63.16%), fever (57.89%) and vomiting (42.10%). Overall, 69.23% of the children with acute gastroenteritis were not breast-fed and 23.08% were breastfeeding at the time of presentation of the adenovirus infection ( P = 0.04). This study highlights the importance of enteric adenoviruses as an etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis, particularly among children less than 2 years old and during the cold seasons. Key words: Enteric adenoviruses, gastroenteritis, epidemiology, Iran. INTRODUCTION Despite the success of the current public health services and hygiene control in the water supply and sanitation, diarrhea remains the second leading cause of death in children aged <5 years old worldwide (Black et al., 2010).
Uric Acid Levels in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) in Relation to Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the common conditions of unknown etiology which increases the risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, serum uric acid lacks sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic tool whereas another group of the researchers indicated uricemia as a predictor of preeclampsia in pregnant ladies. Objective: The present study was designed to assess whether serum uric acid can be used as a biochemical indicator or not, in pregnancy induced hypertensive (PIH) patients. Study period & Method: Total number of 98 PIH patients admitted in GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, from Dec 2013 to Feb 2015 were included in this study and 60 normal healthy pregnant ladies served as control. Serum uric acid levels were estimated using modified Trinder's test. Results: Out of the 98 cases mild preeclamspsia was 60(61.2±%), severe Preeclampsia 24 (24.5%) and eclampsia 14(14.3%). Serum Uric acid levels significantly increased with the severity of PIH, normal pregnant women (4.58±0.37), mild preeclampsia (5.32+0.40), severe preeclampsia (6.29±0.57) and eclamspsia (7.88±1.26). Out of these women with uric acid levels more than 5.5mg/dl was seen in 28(46.6%) mild preeclampsia, 19(79.2%) severe preeclampsia and 12 (85.7%) eclampsia. Maternal mortality was observed in 05(5.1%)PIH cases and out this 04(80) had uric acid level > 5.5mg/dl. Perinatal mortality was observed in 25 (25.1%) cases, out of these 19(76%) were stillbirths and 06(24%) were neonatal deaths. Out of the 25 perinatal deaths 18(72%) had uric acid level >5.5mg/dl. Conclusion: Serum uric acid level could be used as a biochemical indicator of preeclampsia/eclampsia and its complications.
Formulation and Assessment of Taste Masked Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Paediatric Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a major global health problem, which ranks alongside HIV as a leading cause of death worldwide. Adherence to tuberculosis treatment regimens is quite low, particularly in paediatric patients, and the aversive taste of these medicines is often cited as a major reason for this. In the first part of this thesis, the taste of these four drugs was assessed using both a human taste panel and the rodent Brief Access Taste Aversion (BATA) model. Human EC50 (i.e. the concentration of drug which elicits 50% of the maximum taste response) values were determined for each drug and the BATA model was identified as being useful for the assessment of formulations containing isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol. The ability of an in vitro technique, the Insent TS-5000Z electronic tongue, to detect and assess the taste of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol dihydrochloride was investigated. The best correlation between human responses and electronic tongue responses was observed for ethambutol dihydrochloride. The latter half of this thesis focused on the use of hot melt extrusion (HME) as a processing technique to develop taste masked polymeric formulations of isoniazid and rifampicin and a fixed dose combination containing both isoniazid and rifampicin. A fixed dose combination (FDC) formulation containing 20% w/w isoniazid and 30% w/w rifampicin was produced using Eudragit E-PO as a carrier. The extrudate was milled and incorporated into a dispersible tablet. The weight uniformity, thickness, hardness, disintigration time and content uniformity of the tablets were investigated and found to conform to the specifications for solid dosage forms. The dispersible tablet was found to effectively mask the taste of the drugs when dispersed in water with the drug release remaining below the human EC50 value for each drug.
Regional patterns in young driver and motorcyclist collision deaths in British Columbia, 2004 to 2012

BACKGROUND: Motor vehicle collisions are a significant public health concern. Despite an encouraging downward trend in the number of young driver deaths in recent years, young drivers in BC still have the highest fatality rate per driver in the population. A better understanding of why crashes occur is needed to further reduce the young driver death rate. Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken using data abstracted from BC Coroners Service reports of fatally injured drivers 18 years and younger from 2004 to 2012. Overall annual fatality rates were calculated per 100 000 licensed drivers age 16 to 18. Fatalities were classified using five regions served by the BC Coroners Service: Fraser, Interior, Island, Metro (Vancouver, Burnaby, Delta, and Richmond), and Northern. Factors considered along with the region included age and sex of the deceased, injuries sustained, medical cause of death, vehicle type, vehicle age, vehicle condition, type of crash, number of passengers, weather and lighting conditions, restraint use, drug or alcohol involvement, and speed. Results: Regional patterns in fatalities were observed, with lower fatality rates in urban areas than in rural areas. As well, a striking number of young drivers from the Interior, Island, and Metro regions of BC were found to have died in nighttime crashes, while youth in other parts of the province were more often involved in daytime crashes. Speed and impairment were common and significant factors in motor vehicle collisions across the province. Nearly one-third of drivers were inadequately restrained. The majority of drivers were the sole occupants in their vehicles at the time of the crash. Conclusions: More needs to be done to reduce young driver and motorcyclist fatalities. Understanding regional patterns of risk and focusing on speed, nighttime driving, and impairment are imperative when targeting changes in youth behavior at the community level. Advocacy and clinician intervention might include supporting law-enforcement efforts and improved access to public transit, ride sharing, or safe drive programs, and alcohol and drug counseling for youth. Language: en
Japanese medical student attitudes towards English accents and the implications these attitudes have on teaching medical English conversation

The central questions this paper seeks to address are: 1) What are the attitudes of first year medical students in a Japanese medical school towards the varieties of English that exist in the world? More specifically, do these students consider mother tongue varieties of English to be disproportionately superior to other varieties of English? 2) What implications do those attitudes have on the teaching of English within the context of a medical English conversation class in a Japanese medical school?
Differences among Hyperlipoproteinaemic Subjects in the Response of Lipoprotein Lipids to Resin Therapy

Abstract. It has been reported that cholesterol turnover is raised when hypercholesterolaemia occurs in association with elevated levels of very low density lipoprotein, but normal when hypercholesterolaemia reflects an increase in the concentration of low density lipoprotein alone. The relationship of plasma lipoprotein levels to cholesterol metabolism has been further investigated in the present experiments, in which the acute effects on lipoprotein lipids of stimulating cholesterol turnover with a bile acid‐sequestering resin, colestipol, have been compared in normal subjects and in patients with four types of hyperlipoproteinaemia.
Relación entre la frecuencia cardíaca y el marcador durante una fase de descenso

espanolEn los deportes de equipo, el estudio de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) resulta fundamental para la optimizacion del rendimiento y la prevencion de lesiones, ya que nos permite conocer algunas de las demandas fisiologicas generadas por la practica deportiva y el nivel de carga interna. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la relacion existente entre la FC y el marcador del partido, asi como el numero de acciones que se realizan en cada uno de los estratos generados, en funcion de la diferencia de puntos en el marcador en jugadoras de baloncesto amateur durante una fase de descenso. Para ello, se analizo la FC siguiendo los criterios propuestos por McInnes, Carlson, Jones y McKenna (1995) en una muestra de diez jugadoras (n = 10) de Copa Catalunya, durante los 10 partidos oficiales de una fase de descenso. Seguidamente, se relaciono la FC con el marcador y con la duracion de las acciones de juego en cada momento del partido. Los resultados muestran valores de FC que fluctuan entre el 88.9% y el 92.2% de la FC max. Ademas, se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la diferencia en el marcador (p EnglishIn team sports, the study of heart rate (HR) is fundamental for optimizing performance and preventing injuries since it allows us to learn about some of the physiological demands generated by doing sport and the level of internal load. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between HR and the scoreboard for the game as well as the number of actions performed in each of the strata generated depending on the difference in points on the scoreboard in amateur basketball players during a relegation playoff. To do this HR was analyzed, following the principles proposed by McInnes, Carlson, Jones and McKenna (1995), in a sample of ten players (n = 10) in the Catalan Cup during the 10 competitive matches during a relegation playoff. Next, HR was related to the scoreboard and the duration of play actions at each moment during the game. The results show HR values that range between 88.9% and 92.2% of HR max. In addition, significant differences were observed with respect to the points difference on the scoreboard (p As for the relationship with the play time variables, significant differences were observed only in long possessions (17-24 s) (p
Evaluation of the biofilm life cycle between Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

Candida tropicalis is an emergent pathogen with a high rate of mortality associated with its biofilm formation. Biofilm formation has important repercussions on the public health system. However, little is still known about its biofilm life cycle. The present study analyzed the biofilm life cycle of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis during various timepoints (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) through biomass assays, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopies. Our results showed a significant difference between C. albicans and C. tropicalis biofilms in each biomass and viability assay. All-time samples in the biomass and viability assays confirmed statistical differences between the Candida species through pairwise Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05). C. albicans demonstrated a lower biomass growth but reached nearly the same level of C. tropicalis biomass at 96 h, while the CFU counting assays exhibited a superior number of viable cells within the C. tropicalis biofilm. Statistical differences were also found between C. albicans and C. tropicalis biofilms from 48- and 72-h microscopies, demonstrating C. tropicalis with a higher number of total cells within biofilms and C. albicans cells with a superior cell area and higher matrix production. Therefore, the present study proved the higher biofilm production of C. tropicalis.
Clinical tolerability and safety of azithromycin in children

Azithromycin oral suspension was administered to 1928 children aged 6 months to 15 years in Phase II/III United States clinical trials. Infections treated included acute otitis media (n =1150) and streptococcal pharyngitis (n = 754). Predominant dosage regimens were 30 mg/kg over 5 days for otitis media and 60 mg/kg over 5 days for pharyngitis. Treatment-related side effects occurred in 9.9% of azithromycin patients, compared with 18.4% of comparator patients. The only azithromycin side effects with an incidence 1% were diarrhea (3.1%), vomiting (2.5%), loose stools (1.0%) and abdominal pain (1.9%). Both azithromycin regimens were well tolerated. Only 0.9% of multidose azithromycin recipients discontinued therapy because of side effects, compared with 2.2% of comparators. Marked laboratory test abnormalities were rare and of equal incidence to comparators, and no patient discontinued treatment because of abnormal laboratory values. Azithromycin was well tolerated in the presence of a variety of concurrent conditions and concomitant medications.
Predictive biomarkers of everolimus efficacy in HER2+ advanced breast cancer: Combined exploratory analysis from BOLERO-1 and BOLERO-3.

512 Background: Two phase 3 trials BOLERO-1 and BOLERO-3 evaluated the addition of everolimus (EVE) to trastuzumab (TRAS) + chemotherapy in HER2+ advanced breast cancer (ABC). In BOL-3, heavily pretreated patients (pts) derived a statistically significant benefit from EVE, while BOL-1 (first-line EVE) did not meet the primary endpoints. This analysis aimed to identify biomarkers predictive of EVE efficacy using data from both trials. Methods: Exons of 282 cancer related genes were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). PTEN levels were determined by IHC. Hyperactive PI3K pathway was defined as pts with low PTEN or known PIK3CA or AKT1 E17K mutation (narrow def) or mutation in any member of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (broad def). Correlations between biomarkers and PFS were evaluated by uni- and multi-variate Cox models. Results: Five hundred and sixty-one archival tumor samples (BOL-1 302; BOL-3 259) were successfully analyzed. PI3K pathway gene alterations were seen in ~45% of samples. A trend of g.
NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PERIBAHASA SUNDA: KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis nilai-nilai kearifan yang terdapat dalam peribahasa Sunda. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menginventarisasi karakter dan falsafah masyarakat Sunda yang termuat dalam peribahasa Sunda agar nilai-nilai luhur yang terdapat dalam peribahasa Sunda tidak dilupakan dan tetap diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sumber data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari buku kumpulan Babasan jeung Paribasa Sunda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai kearifan apa saja yang terdapat dalam peribahasa Sunda. Penganalisasan dilakukan dengan cara pembagian nilai peribahasa berdasarkan nilai kearifan universal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peribahasa Sunda mengandung unsur-unsur kearifan universal. Nilai-nilai tersebut meliputi: (1) berhubungan dengan Tuhan; (2) tanggung jawab, kedisiplinan dan kemandirian; (3) kejujuran; (4) hemat dan sopan santun; (5) kasih sayang, kepedulian, dan kerja sama; (6) percaya diri, kerja keras, kreatif, dan pantang menyerah; (7) keadilan dan kepemimpinan; (8) baik dan rendah hati; (9) toleransi, cinta damai, dan persatuan. Abstract This study analyzed the wisdom values contained in the Sundanese proverb. The study was conducted to inventory the character and philosophy of sundanese community which contained in the Sundanese proverb, in order to be not forgotten and still applied in everyday life. The source of the data that collected in this study is derived from a book of Babasan Jeung Paribasa Sunda. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with semiotic analysis approach of Roland Barthes. The purpose of this study is to determine the values of any wisdom contained in the Sundanese proverbs. Analyzing the data by the division of the proverbs value based on universal moral values. The analysis showed that the proverb Sundamese contains elements of universal wisdom. Those values are: (1) relates to the God; (2) responsibility, discipline and self-reliance; (3) honesty; (4) saving and manners; (5) compassion, concern, and cooperation; (6) confident, hard working, creative, and never give up; (7) fairness and leadership; (8) good and humble; (9) tolerance, love peace, and unity.