Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral imaging of the Sagittarius B2 region in multiple 7-mm molecular lines

We have undertaken a spectral-line imaging survey of a 6 × 6 arcmin2 area around Sagittarius (Sgr) B2 near the centre of the Galaxy, in the range from 30 to 50 GHz, using the Mopra telescope. The spatial resolution varies from 1.0 to 1.4 arcmin and the spectral resolution varies from 1.6 to 2.7 km s−1 over the frequency range. We present velocity-integrated emission images for 47 lines: 38 molecular lines and nine radio recombination lines. There are significant differences between the distributions of different molecules, in part due to spatial differences in chemical abundance across the complex. For example, HNCO and HOCO+ are found preferentially in the north cloud, and CH2NH near Sgr B2 (N). Some of the differences between lines are due to excitation differences, as shown by the 36.17- and 44.07-GHz lines of CH3OH, which have maser emission, compared to the 48.37-GHz line of CH3OH. Other major differences in integrated molecular line distribution are due to absorption of the 7-mm free–free continuum emission (spatially traced by the radio recombination line emission) by cool intervening molecular material, causing a central dip in the molecular line distributions. These line distribution similarities and differences have been statistically described by Principal Component Analysis and interpreted in terms of simple Sgr B2 physical components of the cooler, lower density envelope, and dense, hot cores Sgr B2 (N), (M) and (S).
DETERMINING THE MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT PREDICTS THE ADVERSE OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS WITH PREECLAMPSIA

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the advances made in the field of obstretics, the ability to predict maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnant women with preeclampsia remains under developed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical characteristics that could be used as a prognostic tool that would aid in clinical assessments and interventions, which in turn will reduce the rate of mortality in pregnant women with preeclampsia. METHODS: This nested case control study enrolled 40 subjects diagnosed clinically with pre-eclampsia. Using logistic regression, we determined the cilinical characteristics that could be used as a prognostic tool. RESULTS: Maternal and gestational age were strong predictors that indicate poor prognosis in severe patients with preeclampsia at <37 weeks gestation. The scoring card models developed in this study had good calibration and discrimination value with a p > 0.05 and AUC 0.850 (95% CI 0.732 to 0.969). Subjects with total scores of 0, 1, and 2 had 3.1%, 27.6%, and 80.6% poor prognosis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Maternal age and gestational age are strong predictors for poor clinical outcomes in patients with preeclampsia.
Creating a Virtual Suikinkutsu

This paper describes the process undertaken to construct a virtual suikinkutsu through sound synthesis. Firstly a description is given of a physical suikinkutsu and its inherent unique sound qualities. The suikinkutsu’s physical qualities provide a model for the characteristics required for use by the virtual suikinkutsu. A brief discussion of related works which will aid in informing the virtual suikinkutsu is given. The finished virtual model is described and a comparison is undertaken between recordings made on the virtual suikinkutsu and recordings taken of a physical suikinkutsu. Finally a look into future work on the model is undertaken. [
Discrete singular convolution and its application to the analysis of plates with internal supports. Part 2: Applications

Part 2 of this series of two papers presents the applications of the discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the utility, test the accuracy and examine the convergence of the proposed approach for the vibration analysis of rectangular plates with internal supports. Both partial internal line supports and complex internal supports are considered for 21 square plates of various combinations of edge support conditions. The effects of different size, shape and topology of the internal supports and different boundary conditions on the vibration response of plates are investigated. The partial internal line supports may vary from a central point support to a full range of cross or diagonal line supports. Several closed‐loop supports, such as ring, square and rhombus, and their combinations are studied for complex internal supports. Convergence and comparison studies are carried out to establish the correctness and accuracy of the DSC algorithm. The DSC results are compared with those in the available literature obtained by using other methods. Numerical results indicate that the DSC algorithm exhibits controllable accuracy for plate analysis and shows excellent flexibility in handling complex geometries, boundary conditions and support conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Millions saved: proven successes in global health

Is investing in health a good buy in poor countries? The Center for Global Development’s (CGD) Global Health Policy Network presents a compilation of 17 large scale successful health intervention stories to make the case that some programs have worked / producing major health and welfare benefits that significantly outweigh the costs. To make a strong argument for this conclusion the case studies were carefully selected in consultation with 15 experts in international health and development, giving consideration to five criteria for ‘‘success’’ / scale (national, regional or global), importance (in terms of disease burden), impact (producing measurable changes in morbidity/mortality), duration (at least 5 years) and cost-effectiveness (about $100 per disability adjusted life-year [DALY] saved). Further, the cases span the globe, encompassing 11 different country and 5 regional interventions in Africa, Asia and Latin America. And the diversity of interventions is remarkable, ranging from immunization and targeted treatment programs to environmental interventions and food fortification, to health system strengthening and a social safety net, to behavioural change programme. The case studies are well written and quite informative for the average policymaker or student wanting to get a grasp of the wide scope of public health, extending far beyond the traditional functions of hospitals, health centers and extension services. Each case presentation follows a common format, explaining the health problem in non-technical terms and then giving an enlightening narrative account of the development and evolution of the intervention program, often highlighting the international political processes and public-private partnerships as well as national commitments that made these programs work. Evidence of the impact and the costs are given to assess cost-effectiveness and, finally. there is a note about future prospects relating to long-term sustainability of the programme and/or expansion to other countries. These cases lead the authors to six ‘‘wows’’ that challenge critics of international development assistance: 1) success is possible, even in the poorest countries; 2) governments in poor countries can do the job / and in some cases are the chief funders; 3) technology, yes / but behaviour change too; 4) international coalitions have worked; 5) attribution is possible; 6) success comes in all shapes. Global Public Health, February 2006; 1(1): 109 /119
Cost Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Pakistan

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to compare the Cost Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity growth rate of Islamic, Conventional and Conventional Islamic Windows banks in Pakistan from 2007-2011. Design/methodology/approach – a sample of fifteen banks has been selected from the whole of population. Five banks from each of the banking sector have been chosen by random sampling technique. Secondary data for the subject study has been taken from the banks statistics of Pakistan, annual statements of the respective banks and periodical reports of State Bank of Pakistan. For the comparison of cost efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used. To find out the total factor productivity growth rate, we used Malmquist productivity indices (MPI). Tobit Regression Analysis was used to determine the bank specific factors on cost efficiency. Findings – The findings of the study suggest that the cost efficiency of Islamic banks is lower than its comparing counterparts. But on the other side the total factor productivity growth rate of the Islamic banks is on the boom as compared to its peers. The factors like SIZE and DEPOSITS indicate an inverse association with the cost efficiency of banks. While checking for the factors i.e. ROE and DEBT, both have a positive significant relationship with the cost efficiency of banks. Keywords : Cost efficiency, DEA, MPI, Islamic banks, Conventional banks,
Effect of Leverage on Performance of Non-financial Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange

Managers strive to maximise shareholder wealth by making rational financing decisions regarding optimal capital structure which would minimise its cost of capital. In attempt to magnify the return to shareholders, managers employ the use of debt. When excessive debt financing is employed by a firm, it increases the cost of financing and the financial risk of the firm leading to decreasing the return on equity as a result of financial distress. Do the various debt equity ratio levels lead to different financial performance when compared for high levered and low levered firm, high growth and low growth firm or large and small firms? A causal research design was used to establish the cause and effect relationship between financial leverage and the financial performance of the firms. The target population was 61listed firms on the Nairobi securities exchange by December 2013.Purposive sampling was used to select 38 non-financial companies. Financial companies were eliminated because the company’s capital structures have specific characteristics affected by industry regulatory requirements. Secondary data was obtained from published financial statements of the sampled companies for the six year period from 2008 to 2013.Ordinary Least Square method was used to establish the cause effect relationship among variables; Hypotheses were tested at 5% significance level using t-statistic. The study found that there was no significant difference in financial performance between highly levered and lowly levered firms and that there existed a negative relationship between Leverage and firm’s performance. There were also no significant differences in financial performance between high growth levered firms and low growth levered firms and that there existed a negative relationship between a firm’s growth opportunity and financial leverage ratio. There was no significant difference in financial performance between large levered firms and small levered firms. The findings of this study may act as a policy guideline to finance managers involved in managing firms on the contribution of financial leverage and its association with return on equity to maximise shareholder wealth
Trapped field of 1.1 T without flux jumps in an MgB2 bulk during pulsed field magnetization using a split coil with a soft iron yoke

MgB2 superconducting bulks have promising potential as trapped field magnets. We have achieved a trapped field of Bz = 1.1 T on a high-Jc MgB2 bulk at 13 K without flux jumps by pulsed field magnetization (PFM) using a split-type coil with a soft iron yoke, which is a record-high trapped field by PFM for bulk MgB2 to date. The flux jumps, which frequently took place using a solenoid-type coil during PFM, were avoided by using the split-type coil, and the Bz value was enhanced by the insertion of soft iron yoke. The flux dynamics and heat generation/propagation were analyzed during PFM using a numerical simulation, in which the magnetic flux intruded and attenuated slowly in the bulk and tended to align along the axial direction due to the presence of soft iron yoke. The advantages of the split-type coil and the simultaneous use of a soft iron yoke are discussed.
Interferon- l rs12979860 genotype and liver ﬁbrosis in viral and non-viral chronic liver disease

Tissue ﬁbrosis is a core pathologic process that contributes to mortality in B 45% of the population and is likely to be inﬂuenced by the host genetic architecture. Here we demonstrate, using liver disease as a model, that a single-nucleotide polymorphism ( rs12979860) in the intronic region of interferon- l 4 (IFNL4) is a strong predictor of ﬁbrosis in an aetiology-independent manner. In a cohort of 4,172 patients, including 3,129 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 555 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 488 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), those with rs12979860CC have greater hepatic inﬂammation and ﬁbrosis. In CHC, those with rs12979860CC also have greater stage-constant and stage-speciﬁc ﬁbrosis progression rates ( P o 0.0001 for all). The impact of rs12979860 genotypes on ﬁbrosis is maximal in young females, especially those with HCV genotype 3. These ﬁndings establish rs12979860 genotype as a strong aetiology-independent predictor of tissue inﬂammation and ﬁbrosis. The Log Additive model compares major allele homozygotes versus heterozygotes versus minor allele homozygotes, presuming an r -fold risk for heterozygote a 2 r -fold risk for homozygous subjects with the major allele. which model the most the AIC 51 . The lowest AIC is indicative of the best ﬁt. The strength of the association between rs12979860 and signiﬁcant ﬁbrosis under each model and their corresponding 95% CIs. FPR CHC duration by calculating the ratio the ﬁbrosis the Three approaches were used to assess were stratiﬁed into two groups of stage-constant FPRs according to the median rate (that is, 0.076 ﬁbrosis units per was used as a cutoff. Factors associated with rapid FPR (that is, higher than the median) were analysed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Two additional approaches were used to assess ﬁbrosis progression and to conﬁrm the results of the multivariate regression. First, an estimation of the stage-speciﬁc progression rate using a Markov maximum likelihood estimation method, as suggested by Yi et al. 52 , applied to estimate the annual stage-speciﬁc transition probabilities (for F0 to F1, F1 to F2 so on). Cox regression analysis to the time taken for signiﬁcant ﬁbrosis to the normality of the quantiﬁed appropriate logarithmic estimated age at infection the and the ﬁrst liver biopsy signiﬁcant ﬁbrosis (failure the last liver biopsy absence of
An Examination of Pre/Post-Adenotonsillectomy Obesity Indices in 3-10 Year Old Children in Mashad, Iran

This was an intervention study with a control group, conducted on fifty 3-10-year-old children who had undergone adenotonsillectomy and on fifty children as the control group. The intervention and control groups were identical in terms of age and sex. Height, weight, midarm muscle circumference, waist circumference, and percent body fat measures were performed on the intervention group before and six months after the surgery. The same measurements were also performed on the control group at zero time and six months later. Ultimately, the results were examined and compared. Results: The body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat in the intervention group showed a significant change after six months, with P values of 0.002 and 0.024 respectively. There were no significant correlations for other variables. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, children who had undergone adenotonsillectomy for various indications showed a gradual postoperative increase in their BMI and percent body fat.
Age structure of Levant water frog, Pelophylax bedriagae , in Lake Sülüklü (Western Anatolia, Turkey)

During the present study, we obtained data via skeletochronology on the age structure of Levant water frog, Pelophylax bedriagae, in Lake suluklu (Manisa, Turkey). The mean snout-vent length was 56.1 mm (SD = 7.7) for males and 64.5 mm (SD = 14.8) for females. While both sexes reached sexual maturity following their second hibernation, the modal age was two years for males and three years for females. The average age of the adult population was 2.50 years (SD = 0.65, range= 2-4) in males and 2.95 years (SD = 0.99, range = 2-5) in females. furthermore, the threatening factors of Lake suluklu population were outlined.
What we talk about when we talk about cybersecurity: security in internet governance debates

: At meetings of internet governance organisations, participants generally agree that improving security is an important goal, but these conversations rarely yield consensus around how to achieve this outcome. One reason security plays this paradoxical role—as both a universal point of agreement and a continued source of contention—in these debates is that it has significantly different meanings to different stakeholders involved in these governance forums. In this paper, we discuss how different stakeholders define and frame internet security issues in the context of governance debates and analyse how these conflicting notions of security continue to shape emerging controversies
ECoG Correlation Variation for Epilepsy Research

Epilepsy is a well-known affliction characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures affecting 1-2% of the population. Other than the actual seizure and the risks involved in it, the sudden and unpredictable nature of the seizure is one of the most disabling aspects of epilepsy. As such, finding a method capable of predicting epileptic seizures would open new therapeutic possibilities. When using electrocorticography for capturing brain activity of epileptic patients, usually, it is the clear increase in the brain activity that is recorded during the seizure. The data is usually used in order to find the probable focus of the seizure. Using the same data, we have applied a method that was used for another disorder (Ataxia Telangiectasia), for obtaining quantitative information about changes in the network correlation, rather than network activity. We show that this provides insight for the epileptic brain behavior, demonstrating that other locations of the brain are involved in the seizure other than the focus, and that there might be early indications for the seizure. These findings can potentially be used in order to decrease seizure likelihood.
Quality Versus Quantity: Rankings of Economics Departments in New Zealand

I compare the research records of the 7 major economics departments in New Zealand, from 1990 onwards. The information, taken from the Econlit database, covers more than 500 economics journals, as of November 2000. Quality weights for the journals were taken from the study by Laband and Piette (1994). Four different departmental ranking measures were computed. The resulting ranking of departments is common to all the measures used. Auckland comes in first, followed by Victoria University of Wellington, Canterbury, Otago, Lincoln, Waikato, and Massey.
Geomorphological processes in channel heads initiated by groundwater outflows (The Parsęta catchment, north-western Poland)

Geomorphological processes in channel heads initiated by groundwater outflows (The Parsęta catchment, north-western Poland) Channel initiation is caused by a combination of various hydrogeomorphic processes. In the humid temperate zone of the Polish Plain, in areas with permeable deposits, seepage erosion is the primary mechanism of stream channel initiation. In the 24 channel heads selected in the southern part of the Parsęta catchment (NW Poland), the zones of occurrence of the following processes were identified: (1) seepage erosion; (2) falls, dry ravel events and slides; (3) creep, solifluction, surface runoff and erosion; (4) channel processes; and (5) landforms created under the impact of plants and animals. The co-occurrence of various morphogenetic processes produces variations in the accumulation conditions, and as a result, a diversity of deposits. Channel heads morphology shows the effect of the topography of the zero-discharge catchment, the type and magnitude of groundwater outflows, the variability of the geological structure, and the possibility of material being removed from the alcoves.
A Hybrid Fuzzy Fractional Order PID Sliding-Mode Controller design using PSO algorithm for interconnected Nonlinear Systems

The aim of this paper is to develop a hybrid fuzzy fractional order sliding mode controller (FFOSMC) for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems. Firstly a PI^{alpha}D^{alpha} sliding surface is proposed, on which the control law is designed. Mathematical proof for the stability condition and convergence of the system is presented, taking into account the theory of the fractional order calculus. In order to reduce the chattering phenomenon in sliding mode control (SMC), a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic controller is used to replace the discontinuity in the signum function, and to ensure optimal performance in the closed loop system, the PSO algorithm is used. Finally the e? ectiveness of the proposed approach of FFOSMC-based PSO algorithm compared with the FFOSMC using PD^{alpha} sliding surface and FSMC using the conventional PID sliding surface is demonstrated by simulation results for a coupled double pendulum system.
ontribution of aboveground plants , the rhizosphere and oot-free-soils to total COS and DMS fluxes at three key growth stages n rice paddies

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are trace sulfur gases that contribute substantially to sulfate aerosols or cloud condensation nuclei in the upper and lower atmosphere and therefore play great roles in the earth’s radiative balance. COS and DMS fluxes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been measured previously in rice paddies, and this study was designed to further investigate the role of aboveground plants, the rhizosphere and the root-free-soils in the exchange of COS and DMS by comparing COS and DMS fluxes among planted plots (PP), non-planted plots (NPP), plots with aboveground plants just cut before test (plants-cut plots, PCP) at three key growth stages (tillering, jointing–booting and mature stage). The average COS fluxes in NPP, PCP, and PP were 10.5 ± 3.8, 6.1 ± 4.6, and −12.3 ± 5.0 pmol m−2 s−1, suggesting that COS emission from root-free-soils (10.5 pmol m−2 s−1) was surpassed by uptake of the rhizosphere (−4.4 pmol m−2 s−1) and aboveground plants (−18.4 pmol m−2 s−1). DMS emission rates were 60.5 ± 25.2, 20.2 ± 7.3 and 30.8 ± 10.8 pmol m−2 s−1 in PP, NPP and PCP, respectively. Calculated DMS emission from the aboveground plants, rhizosphere and the root-free-soils were 29.7, 10.6 and 20.2 pmol m−2 s−1, accounting respectively for 49.0%, 17.6% and 33.4% of total DMS emission. Directly measured COS and −2 −1 DMS fluxes from aboveground plants averaged −14.2 ± 7.2 and 22.3 ± 10.6 pmol m s , approximating that of −18.4 and 29.7 pmol m−2 s−1 calculated by subtracting fluxes in PP and PCP, respectively. Preliminary diurnal flux observation at jointing–booting stage revealed significant linear correlation between COS uptake rates by above ground plants (MFCOS) and photosynthesis rates (Pn) with a MFCOS/Pn slope of 0.48 pmol mol−1. DMS emission from the aboveground plants was also found to be significantly increased with temperature.
The relationship between stock returns volatility and trading volume in Nigeria

This paper investigates the relationship between stock returns volatility and trading volume in Nigeria using daily All-Share Index and closing trading volume of the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period of 3 January 2000 to 21 June 2011. The results of GARCH (1,1) and GARCH-X (1,1) models show that the relationship between trading volume and stock returns volatility is positive and statistically significant. However, the results do not support the hypothesis that persistence in volatility disappears with inclusion of trading volume in the conditional variance equation. This finding is consistent irrespective of the distribution.