Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS FROM SELECTED ETHNOCULTURAL GROUPS IN CANADA: A STUDY CONSISTENT WITH JOHN OGBU'S THEORY

ABSTRACT. This paper analyses the academic achievement of adolescents in selected ethnocultural groups in Canada. Specifically, the article, a part of a larger study, is an analysis of the academic performance of adolescents from the Caribbean, Chinese, East European, Latin American, South Asian and Canadian groups. In the larger study 1,954 students were surveyed and 131 were interviewed in schools in Toronto and Vancouver. The findings in the article, consistent with John Ogbu's theory, indicate that the majority of the students who belong to voluntary, as opposed to involuntary, minority ethnocultural groups excel in academic performance despite language barriers and racial discrimination. Few studies have been conducted on the academic achievement of selected ethnocultural adolescents. Therefore the purpose of this study was to (1) determine the academic achievement of selected ethnocultural adolescents and (2) demonstrate consistency with John Ogbu's cultural-ecological theory of voluntary minority groups in the Canadian context. RESUME. Cet article analyse les resultats scolaires d'adolescents appartenant a des groupes ethnoculturels choisis au Canada. En particulier, l'article, qui s'inscrit dans une etude plus vaste, analyse les resultats scolaires des adolescents appartenant a des groupes d'origine antillaise, chinoise, d'Europe de l'Est, d'Amerique latine, d'Asie du Sud et du Canada. Dans l'etude plus vaste, 1 954 eleves ont ete etudies et 131 ont ete interroges dans des ecoles situees a Toronto et Vancouver. Les resultats de l'article, qui concordent avec la theorie de John Ogbu, revelent que la majorite des eleves qui appartiennent a des groupes parmi les minorites ethnoculturels, volontaires plutot qu'involontaires obtiennent d'excellents resultats scolaires malgre les d'obstacles linguistiques et la discrimination raciale. Peu d'etudes ont ete menees sur les resultats scolaires d'adolescents appartenant a des groupes ethnoculturels choisis.2 C'est pourquoi le but de cette etude etait (1) de determiner les resultats scolaires d'adolescents appartenant a des groupes ethnoculturels donnes et (2) de corroborer la theorie culturelle-ecologique de John Ogbu sur les groupes minoritaires volontaires dans le contexte canadien.
Developing Conceptual Framework of Corporate Community Development Practices of Islamic Banks in Bangladesh: An Institutional Perspective

To develop a conceptual research framework to identify the factors that influence Corporate Community Development (CCD), leading to beneficiary satisfaction in the context of Islamic banks in Bangladesh (IBB). This study attempts to explore the outcomes of beneficiary satisfaction from the contribution of CCD practices. From extensive literature review, this research framework is developed by integrating institutional theory and associate research agenda. Relevant literature has indicated the relation between the constructs of institutional theory and CCD. Empirical evidence of literature also shows a direct relationship between CCD practices and beneficiary satisfaction. All evidence supports CCD as a mediator between predictors and outcome (beneficiary satisfaction). Thus, this study attempts to develop a model to explain CCD and beneficiary satisfaction with regard to institutional theory perspective. From the obtained data, CCD may be used to better understand the cooperation enhancement of community and provide them with effective information and method to increase beneficiaries’ satisfaction. CCD practices of IBB remain questionable. Therefore, the sustainable development and harmony relations between corporation and community will help solve unclear ideas about community development (CD) practices in CCD segment. In this study, the framework ensures its originality value due to its great significance. It contributes to scarce literature on CCD in IBB by analyzing the way that institutional theories in the country contribute to CD. This study will benefit CD practitioners, CCD providers and academician researchers.
Running head : Biaxial loading influences chondrocytic activity

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Tissue Engineering and Delivery Systems Biotechnology and Bioengineering DOI 10.1002/bit.26273 Complex mechanical conditioning of cell-seeded agarose constructs can influence chondrocyte biosynthetic activity Running head: Biaxial loading influences chondrocytic activity E. Di Federico, J.C. Shelton , D.L. Bader 3 Medical Engineering Division, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK Corresponding author Professor JC Shelton School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK e-mail: j.shelton@qmul.ac. uk
Top-down constraints on global N [ subscript 2 ] O emissions at optimal resolution : application of a new dimension reduction technique

We present top-down constraints on global monthly N2O emissions for 2011 from a multi-inversion approach and an ensemble of surface observations. The inversions employ the GEOS-Chem adjoint and an array of aggregation strategies to test how well current observations can constrain the spatial distribution of global N2O emissions. The strategies include (1) a standard 4D-Var inversion at native model resolution (4× 5), (2) an inversion for six continental and three ocean regions, and (3) a fast 4D-Var inversion based on a novel dimension reduction technique employing randomized singular value decomposition (SVD). The optimized global flux ranges from 15.9 TgNyr−1 (SVDbased inversion) to 17.5–17.7 TgNyr−1 (continental-scale, standard 4D-Var inversions), with the former better capturing the extratropical N2O background measured during the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) airborne campaigns. We find that the tropics provide a greater contribution to the global N2O flux than is predicted by the prior bottomup inventories, likely due to underestimated agricultural and oceanic emissions. We infer an overestimate of natural soil emissions in the extratropics and find that predicted emissions are seasonally biased in northern midlatitudes. Here, optimized fluxes exhibit a springtime peak consistent with the timing of spring fertilizer and manure application, soil thawing, and elevated soil moisture. Finally, the inversions reveal a major emission underestimate in the US Corn Belt in the bottom-up inventory used here. We extensively test the impact of initial conditions on the analysis and recommend formally optimizing the initial N2O distribution to avoid biasing the inferred fluxes. We find that the SVD-based approach provides a powerful framework for deriving emission information from N2O observations: by defining the optimal resolution of the solution based on the information content of the inversion, it provides spatial information that is lost when aggregating to political or geographic regions, while also providing more temporal information than a standard 4D-Var inversion.
More evidence for a continuum between phonological and deep dyslexia: Novel data from three measures of direct orthography-to-phonology translation

Background: Over recent years a number of studies have suggested that phonological and deep dyslexia are not separate acquired dyslexias but actually reflect different points along a single continuum. Behaviourally this continuum was originally defined in terms of the graded presence/absence of the “symptoms” of deep dyslexia. Aims: Given that orthography → phonology translation is core to phonological-deep dyslexia, it becomes critical to measure the degree and nature of any such direct phonological activation in these patients. Nonword reading accuracy has been the most commonly used measure of the status of direct orthographic → phonological activation but this measure can floor out in many phonological-deep dyslexic patients. In such circumstances, however, researchers have found evidence for some residual O→P function using reading tasks that do not require overt production—and these tasks might provide an important set of additional measures to test for a gradation of performance at the severer end of the phonological-deep dyslexic continuum. Methods & Procedures: In the present study three tasks of this type (spoken-to-written nonword-matching, a novel word-matching task, and pseudohomophone reading) were developed and tested in a case-series of phonological-deep dyslexia (and made available in the appendices to this paper). Outcomes & Results: As suggested from past studies, even patients with severely impaired overt nonword reading exhibited above-chance performance on the matching task and a pseudohomophone effect. The accuracy on these tasks varied in a graded manner across the case-series. Conclusions: Two factors are key to this dyslexia continuum: the severity of phonological impairment and also the degree of interaction between semantic and impaired phonological representations, indicating that semantic representations become more central to reading in the face of phonological impairment.
Chapter 7 Energy-Efficient Communication in Wireless Networks

This chapter describes the evolution of, and state of the art in, energy‐efficient techniques for wirelessly communicating networks of embedded computers, such as those found in wireless sensor network (WSN), Internet of Things (IoT) and cyberphysical systems (CPS) applications. Specifically, emphasis is placed on energy efficiency as critical to ensuring the feasibility of long lifetime, low‐maintenance and increasingly autonomous monitoring and control scenarios. A comprehensive summary of link layer and routing protocols for a variety of traffic patterns is discussed, in addition to their combination and evaluation as full protocol stacks.
Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Evidence

While the importance of Vitamin D for calcium absorption and metabolism and bone health was recognized about a century ago, its importance for non-skeletal effects has only been generally recognized and appreciated in this century. Most of the supporting evidence is either from observational studies, including prospective studies, related to serum 25-hydroxyVitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, or studies of Vitamin D mechanisms. A moderate amount of this evidence has been generated from clinical trials.
Institutions, Governance Structure and Economic Performance Nexus in Nigeria

The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and economic performance nexus in Nigeria. The paper adopted Ordinal Least Squares estimation technique and factor analysis to draw out important institution and governance structure variables that should be the focus of policy. The results showed that government effectiveness, voice and accountability were not only significant but entered the regression line with the correct a priori signs. Applying factor analysis to the model the result showed that the two factors- government effectiveness, voice and accountability-loaded high. The result shows that effective governance structure and institutions are of utmost importance for enhanced economic performance. The paper argues that effective governance structure and institution would result in efficient and effective implementation of policies and programmes that attract the right value and yield higher pay-offs; create the legal and regulatory framework that allows private entrepreneurs to discover their full potentials with healthy competition. It ensures that policies and legal framework are not subject to manipulation by political gladiators and transient the basic character of political regimes. Key words: Governance Structure, Institutions, Factor Analysis and Economic Performance
Chemical composition and fatty acid content of white food sorghums grown in different environments

The chemical composition and fatty acid content of both white sorghum hybrids and pure lines grown in various areas of the world were studied. Various attributes were investigated including moisture, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, fat contents, and fatty acid composition. Slight variations in both protein and in fiber contents were observed among cultivars. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic were the most abundant fatty acids in all samples with little difference in their percentage content among the cultivars. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) dem¬onstrated, for all sorghum flours analyzed, the absence of toxic protein sequences for celiac patients. The present results demonstrate that food-grade sorghum varieties are potentially able to be grown in Mediterranean countries in addition to regions where sorghum has been traditionally produced, i.e. either in arid tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa and Asia or in dry regions of America.
Total self-mode locking of multi-pass geometric modes in diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 lasers

We report for the first time on simultaneously longitudinal and transverse self-mode locking in a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser to achieve a pulse train traveling along the zigzag multi-pass trajectories in the degenerate cavity. At a pump power of 2.5 W, the average output powers in the mode-locked operation are 490 mW and 520 mW for the M-mode and Z-mode, respectively. The pulse widths are measured to be approximately 22.2 and 21.1 ps for the M-mode and Z-mode, respectively.
Trilinear Higgs couplings in the two Higgs doublet model with CP violation

We carry out a detailed analysis of the general two Higgs doublet model with CP violation. We describe two different parametrizations of this model, and then study the Higgs boson masses and the trilinear Higgs couplings for these two parametrizations. Within a rather general model, we find that the trilinear Higgs couplings have a significant dependence on the details of the model, even when the lightest Higgs boson mass is taken to be a fixed parameter. We include radiative corrections in the one-loop effective potential approximation in our analysis of the Higgs boson masses and the Higgs trilinear couplings. The one-loop corrections to the trilinear couplings of the two Higgs doublet model also depend significantly on the details of the model, and can be rather large. We study quantitatively the trilinear Higgs couplings, and show that these couplings are typically several times larger than the corresponding standard model trilinear Higgs coupling in some regions of the parameter space. We also briefly discuss the decoupling limit of the two Higgs doublet model.
Histopathology of Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus, infection on the termite, Coptotermes curvignathus.

WOThers of the termite, Coptotermes curvignathus (IsofJtera: Rhinotermitidae), apestofmany tree crops including fruit and plantation trees, were inocttlated with the ento mopathogenic fungus, Metarh izium an isopliae byexfJosing the termite to viable conidia in a pet-Ii dish. The ontogeny of the fungus was followed histologically. Conidia which landed on the cuticle germinated within 24 h. The germ tube penetrated the cuticle and the hyphae subsequently invaded the tissues in the following order:fat body, muscles, neural, gut epithelial cells and gizzard. Infected termites died between 36- 48 h post-inoculation. Complete colonization of the tennite, however was not histologically evident until 72 h post-inoculation. At this stage, all parts of the insect '5 internal organs were infected. At 100 h, whitish mycelia began to emerge from the cuticle. Compacted masses of conidiophore1J'fOducing-green conidia were formed 120 h post-inoculation.
THE ACCURACY OF FISH OTOLITH ANALYSIS AND SOME VALIDATION METHODS

Age structure and growth of fish are the extremely important data in fishery management. The data help policy makers have good s trategies to manage and catch fish more effectively and sustainably. Although there are man y studies on fish age determination based on otolith, the methods are still essential to be vali d ted for each species, each method and studied area, because fish otolith formation is affected by many endogenous and exogenous factors. This paper shows the fish otolith function and its forma tion and introduces some validation methods, including: rearing fish, mark and release, radiomet ric assessment, assays of bomb radiocarbon, counting daily increments between annuli, length-fr equency modes and validating the first growth
Title Transcriptional and functional profilling of human embryonicstem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can serve as a potentially limitless source of cells that may enable regeneration of diseased tissue and organs. Here we investigate the use of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) in promoting recovery from cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury in a mouse model. Using microarrays, we have described the hESC-CM transcriptome within the spectrum of changes that occur between undifferentiated hESCs and fetal heart cells. The hESC-CMs expressed cardiomyocyte genes at levels similar to those found in 20-week fetal heart cells, making this population a good source of potential replacement cells in vivo. Echocardiographic studies showed significant improvement in heart function by 8 weeks after transplantation. Finally, we demonstrate long-term engraftment of hESC-CMs by using molecular imaging to track cellular localization, survival, and proliferation in vivo. Taken together, global gene expression profiling of hESC differentiation enables a systems-based analysis of the biological processes, networks, and genes that drive hESC fate decisions, and studies such as this will serve as the foundation for future clinical applications of stem cell therapies. Citation: Cao F, Wagner RA, Wilson KD, Xie X, Fu J-D, et al. (2008) Transcriptional and Functional Profiling of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. PLoS ONE 3(10): e3474. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0003474 Editor: Marie Csete, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States of America Received May 2, 2008; Accepted September 26, 2008; Published October 22, 2008 Copyright: 2008 Cao et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the BWF CAMS, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, NIH HL089027, and CIRM RS1-00322 (JCW). This work was also supported in part by NIH CA114747 (SSG), NIH HL076445 (RAW), and NIH HL72857 (RAL). Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: joewu@stanford.edu . These authors contributed equally to this work.
The role of financial frictions in the 2007-2008 crisis: an estimated DSGE model∗

After the banking crises experienced by many countries in the 1990s and in 2008, financial market conditions have turned out to be a relevant factor for economic fluctuations. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether frictions in financial markets are important for business cycles, and whether the recent 2007-2008 crisis has enhanced (or reduced) the size of some shocks and the role played by financial factors in driving economic fluctuations. The analysis is based on both versions of the Smets and Wouters DSGE model (2003, 2007), which are estimated using Bayesian techniques. The two versions differ because the Smets and Wouters (2007) version entails a risk premium shock, which captures that interest rate faced by firms and households might be different from the policy rate because of some unmodelled frictions. Both versions are augmented to include an endogenous financial accelerator mechanism as in Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1999), which arises from information asymmetries between lenders and borrowers that create inefficiencies in financial markets. The analysis is based on the same data-set as in the Smets and Wouters model, but extended to 2010. One first set of results suggests that the recent crisis has amplified the relevance of financial factors, as well as unmodelled frictions. Overall, this paper proves that the Smets and Wouters model augmented with a financial accelerator mechanism is suitable to capture much of the historical developments in U.S. financial markets that led to the financial crisis in 2007-2008. In particular, the concomitance of a peak in leverage ratio and the deepening of the recession supports the argument that leverage and credit have an important role to play in shaping the business cycle, in particular the intensity of recessions. JEL classification: C11, E32, E44.
Comparison of the tropical radiative flux and cloud radiative effect profiles in a climate model with Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data

Received 15 May 2009; revised 4 August 2009; accepted 16 September 2009; published 7 January 2010. [1] An insightful link of model performance to the physical assumptions in general circulation models (GCMs) can be explored if assessment of radiative fluxes and cloud radiative effects go beyond those at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In this study, we compare the radiative flux profiles (at surface, 500 hPa, 200 hPa, 70 hPa, and TOA) and cloud effect profiles (500 hPa, 200 hPa, and TOA) from HadGAM1, using Surface and Atmospheric Radiation Budget (SARB) data from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) on the TRMM satellite over the tropics (30S–30N). Comparison at TOA reveals that HadGAM1 agrees well with CERES for mean cloud height but lacks in cloudiness. Comparing to its predecessor, HadAM3, HadGAM1 agrees better with observations in TOA LW cloud effects, net cloud effects, and the ratio of SW to LW cloud effects. Extending the comparison to multiple levels, we gain additional insight into the vertical differences in clouds: for clouds at heights below 500 hPa, HadGAM1 and CERES are in good agreement in terms of cloudiness, but HadGAM1 underestimates the average cloud height; for clouds between 500 and 200 hPa, HadGAM1 underestimates the cloudiness but overestimates the average cloud height; for clouds at heights above 200 hPa, HadGAM1 produces more clouds than in CERES. Stratifying the cloud effects by dynamic regimes, we find that HadGAM1 underestimates cloudiness and overestimates averaged cloud height in the convective regimes, but the opposite is true in the strong subsidence regimes.
Coronary Spasm Predicts Adverse Outcome in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Results The clinical courses of the 2 groups were compared at long-term follow up (mean, 43 months). Major adverse cardiac events (death, acute coronary syndrome, or revascularization) occurred in 82 patients (47.1%) in the positive group and 18 patients (27.3%) in the negative group (p 0.0055). The frequency of major adverse cardiac event–free survival was significantly lower in the positive group than in the negative group (p 0.0018). Provoked coronary spasm was a significant independent predictor of poor prognosis.
TGF-b 1 AND / OR BMP-2 ON THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION OF GENES IN HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS : CHONDROGENIC VS . OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION

CHIEN-HUNG LAI,*y SHIH-CHING CHEN,y LI-HSUAN CHIU,z CHARNG-BIN YANG,x YU-HUI TSAI,yz CHUN S. ZUO,k WALTER HONG-SHONG CHANG,* and WEN-FU LAIzk{ *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan, ROC; yDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; zGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; xDepartment of Orthopedics, Taipei County Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; kBrain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; and { Institute of Graduate Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC