Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars

This work was carried out to study the effect of various salinization levels (0,20,50,,150and 300mM NaCl) through the whole life cycle of four wheat cultivars (Sakha94,Gimiza11,Gimiza10, and Giza 168). Accordingly the salt tolerance of four wheat cultivars during vegetative and crop yieldstages ranked according to dry matter and chemical constituents as the following: cv. Sakha 94>cv. Gimiza 11>cv. Gimiza 10 > cv. Giza 168.The carbohydrate and protein contents varied between the four wheat cultivars and their different plant organs, generally the soluble carbohydrate content remained more or less unchanged in cv. Sakha94 and to some extent in cv. Gimiza11 and troubled in cv. Gimiza10 and cv. Giza168.The amino acids were interesting because, they increased considerably in cv. Sakha 94 and cv. Gimiza11 accompanied with a great equilibration in protein content in the two sensitive cultivars Gimiza 10 and Giza 168.Proline content varied consequently among the four wheat cultivars and their plant organs.The results also revealed that, 23 protein bands were detected in cv. Sakha 94, 18 protein bands in cv. Gimiza 11, 16 protein bands in cv. Gimiza 10 and 18 protein bands in cv. Giza 168 in protein analysis by electrophoreses. The four cultivars possessed 17 common protein bands while they different from each other in 6 protein bands. The 14.1 KDa is specific marker for both cutivars Sakha 94 and Giza 168. However, the 33.2 KDa is specific marker for cv. Sakha 94, cv. Gmiza 11 and Giza 168.The 32.3 KDa is specific marker for cv. Sakha 94 and cv. Gimiza 11. The results revealed that three bands at molecular weight 52.1 kDa is induced under salinity stress in four tested cultivars Sakha 94, Gimiza 11, Gimiza10 and Giza 168, as compared to the control treatment. It was induced at 50 mM, 150 mM in both cultivars Gimiza 11, Gimiza 10 and Giza 168 while, induced at 50 mM, 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl levels in cv. Sakha 94 as compared to control treatment. These results revealed that the 52.1 kDa protein band was commonly induced as a result of salinity treatment in the four cultivars.All the previous parameters supported the differentiation of salt tolerance between the four cultivars and open the chance for crop selection to be cultivated in saline soil.
Enablers of Successful Business Continuity Management Process

Business Continuity Management (BCM) is a management process to ensure the resilience of an organization in the face of a range of business disruptions. It considers the mitigation of risk in the business functions, put in place the process and procedure to recover the IT systems and business functions during any interruptions. BCM evolved from Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) that commenced in the 1970s to recover electronic data processing capability during the mainframe era. In addition to technology recovery, BCM covers the recovery of people and business as a whole. It includes the full suite of recovery plans from reducing risks of business disruptions, response to disruptions and mobilise people to the secondary site to continue business. Service disruption is intolerable in the business environment especially in the financial industry, the lifeline industry in most countries if not all. The respective regulators have stringent guidelines to ensure the smooth operations in order to minimize systemic disruptions in the banking environment that ultimately impact the economy of the nation. Though with many strict regulations, coupled with availability of advance technology to recover business and technology services, there were still many banking interruptions that shocked the nation and caused severe inconveniences to the banking customers. The aim of this study is to identify the enablers of a successful BCM process. The first phase of this study involves the understanding of factors impacting the BCM process and develops a conceptual model for a successful BCM process. The methodological instruments employed include data collection through emailed questionnaires to the staff working in the BCM, IT, Operations, Risk departments of financial institutions. The data collected will be used to test the conceptual model and analysis will be drawn. The findings of this study provide useful information and could help bank managers implementing and maintaining BCM process in an effective manner. The main findings of this study is that technology components (IT availability and reliability, complexity and technology competence), perceived BC benefits, top management support, external pressure to adopt BC and business environment have positive effects on BCM implementation in the financial industry in Malaysia; but organizational compatibility and infrastructure readiness did not.
Sovereign Default Risk and the U.S. Equity Market

This paper develops a two-country asset pricing model with defaultable firms and governments. This model shows that higher sovereign credit risk in a country depresses equity prices internationally and increases their volatility. The effect is strongest during adverse economic conditions and when firms are close to financial distress. A structural estimation provides evidence that sovereign default risk in Europe affects European and U.S. stock markets through the threat of an economic slowdown.
A gender analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance: the case of Tunisian women entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO), a popular concept in science works and management theories, is also often used to advance the company in terms of performance. Recently, many scholars analyzed the relationship between EO and performance. However, the reading and analysis of this relationship by gender remains limited. In the earlier studies, theorists agree that women entrepreneurs are less successful than their male colleagues with lower levels of EO. This study seeks to examine whether gender differences persist in the study of the relationship between EO and performance. Interestingly, the results indicate that gender difference does not moderate the relationship between OE and performance.
Beta levered and beta unlevered 1 Beta levered and beta unlevered

We prove that in a world without leverage cost the relationship between the levered beta (βL) and the unlevered beta (βu) is the No-cost-of-leverage formula: βL = βu + (βu – βd) D (1 – T) / E. We also prove that the value of tax shields in a world with no leverage cost is the present value of the debt (D) times the tax rate (T) times the required return to the unlevered equity (Ku), discounted at the unlevered cost of equity (Ku): D T Ku / (Ku – g). We then analyze 7 valuation theories proposed in the literature to estimate the relationship between the levered beta and the unlevered beta: Modigliani-Miller (1963), Myers (1974), Miles-Ezzell (1980), Harris-Pringle (1985), Damodaran (1994), No-cost-of-leverage and Practitioners. Without leverage costs the relationship between the betas is the No-cost-of-leverage formula. Only Damodaran provides consistent valuations once leverage costs are allowed for, but he introduces leverage costs in an ad hoc way. JEL Classification: G12, G31, M21
Probing the dark side of the Universe with weak gravitational lensing effects

Arising from gravitational deflections of light rays by large-scale structures in the Universe, weak-lensing effects have been recognized as one of the most important probes in cosmological studies. In this paper, we review the main progress in weak-lensing analyses, and discuss the challenges in future investigations aiming to understand the dark side of the Universe with unprecedented precisions.
An ALMA [C ii] Survey of 27 Quasars at z > 5.94

We present a survey of the [C ii] 158 μm line and underlying far-infrared (FIR) dust continuum emission in a sample of 27 quasars using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) at resolution. The [C ii] line was significantly detected (at -σ) in 23 sources (85%). We find typical line luminosities of , and an average line width of ∼385 . The [C ii]-to-far-infrared luminosity ratios ([C ii]/FIR) in our sources span one order of magnitude, highlighting a variety of conditions in the star-forming medium. Four quasar host galaxies are clearly resolved in their [C ii] emission on a few kpc scales. Basic estimates of the dynamical masses of the host galaxies give masses between 2 × 1010 and 2 × 1011 , i.e., more than an order of magnitude below what is expected from local scaling relations, given the available limits on the masses of the central black holes ( , assuming Eddington-limited accretion). In stacked ALMA [C ii] spectra of individual sources in our sample, we find no evidence of a deviation from a single Gaussian profile. The quasar luminosity does not strongly correlate with either the [C ii] luminosity or equivalent width. This survey (with typical on-source integration times of 8 minutes) showcases the unparalleled sensitivity of ALMA at millimeter wavelengths, and offers a unique reference sample for the study of the first massive galaxies in the universe.
Postpartum serum biochemical profile of Sudanese cystic ovarian crossbred dairy cattle

Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an ovarian dysfunction in cows resulting in a serious economic loss in the dairy industry. This study was conducted to examine the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, serum total protein (TP), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels of Sudanese crossbred (Friesian x Kenana) cows with COD in semi-closed condition. Forty-five dairy cows were divided into two groups. Group A (n= 30) were the cows with COD, and group B (n= 15) were healthy normal cycling cows (NC) that served as healthy control. Diagnosis of COD was based on history of frequent prolonged signs of estrus and per rectal palpation. Per rectal palpation for the uterus and ovaries was done weekly. A cow having a large follicle in the ovary that remained at the same position for three successive palpations or more was considered having COD. Results of the blood analysis showed that the serum levels of P, Cu, Zn and Mn of cows with COD were significantly lower (P 0.05) in Hb concentration (7.5 ± 1.2 vs. 7.4 ± 1.1 g/dl), serum TP (6.8 ± 1.2 vs. 6.5 ± 0.7 g/dl) and Fe (3.7 ± 1.3 vs. 3.7 ± 1.9 ppm) were observed between the two groups. This study reported reduced serum minerals (P, Cu, Zn and Mn) levels in Sudanese crossbred dairy cows with COD as compared to NC cows. Future studies are still needed to highlight the contribution of these minerals in inducing COD. Key words: Cystic ovarian disease, deficiency of minerals, dairy cow.
The Influence of the Cultural, Legal, Economic and Financial, Historical and Political Factors on the Accounting System: Peruvian Case

Accounting, the language of business, is used for many decision makers around the planet. In a globalized business environment, it is expected the existence of a uniform, single accounting system, however this does not occur. “Accounting system” is the set of financial reporting practices used by a particular company for an annual report (Nobes, 2012). Different companies in the same country may use different accounting systems. For example, some Japanese companies follow Japanese GAAPs while others IFRS or US-GAAP. Moreover, some European countries prepare consolidated financial statements using IFRS whereas parent‒only financial statements are issued using national rules. Countries have different sets of accounting standards and a diversity of cultural, legal, economic and financial, historical and political factors may influence in the type of accounting system a country has. In the Peruvian case, accounting standards would depend on the type of company. Table 1 shows the accounting standards followed by companies in Peru.
Breakdown in air gaps with solid insulating barrier under impulse voltage stress

The influence of solid insulating barriers to the impulse strength of air gaps has been investigated by few researchers. It is well known that thin insulating materials increase considerably the breakdown voltage, sometimes two to three times. Some researchers performed thorough investigations for the determination of the parameters of the barrier effect that influence the impulse level for the breakdown. The distance of the barrier from the high voltage electrode is the most important parameter. The field distribution is also important as well as the shape of the insulating sheet. The experimental investigations led to some theoretical models for the breakdown process. This paper analyzes and discusses those models and spots the points where they agree as well as the differences between them. Finally, it attempts to compose a model that sheds light on the barrier effect and complies with all the experimental and theoretical analyses.
Optimum plot size for experiments with the sunflower1

The aim of this study was to determine a suitable plot size for field experiments with the sunflower. An experiment was carried out in a randomised complete block design with 14 sunflower cultivars and 10 replications. The plots consisted of four rows, six metres in length, spaced 0.7 m apart with 0.3 m between plants. The working area of the plot (7.56 m2), consisting of the two central rows, was divided into 12 basic units, each consisting of three plants per row (0.63 m2), from where the yield of the sunflower seeds was obtained. Suitable plot size was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient method. The detectable difference between treatments was also estimated (d). The optimum plot size for the evaluation of grain yield in the sunflower was 2.52 m2 (working area), considering a boundary of one row on each side. Greater gains in experimental precision (16%) with increases in plot size, occurred up to eight basic units (5.04 m2) using seven replications. Increasing the number of replications and the plot size was more efficient in increasing experimental precision, than increasing the number of cultivars.
Race and Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is understood to represent not a single disease but a heterogeneous group of tumors with different biologic behavior, prognosis and response to treatment. Luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpressing, triple negative and basal subtypes of breast carcinomas are now considered distinct entities with unique biologic characteristics and clinical outcomes. Classic epidemiologic studies have also shown that race plays a role in the incidence and ultimate prognosis of breast cancer; specifically while the incidence of breast carcinomas is higher in Caucasian women, African-American patients have worse overall prognosis with higher breast cancer mortality rates. While the impact of socioeconomic and health care access factors is not to be dismissed, unique biologic characteristics in this patient population may play an important role in the difference in patient outcome. In this report we evaluated possible racial differences in the incidence of the basal subtype of triple negative breast carcinomas in a large cohort of consecutive breast cancer patients.
Executive summary of “Brand personality and brand equity: evidence from the sportswear industry”

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the personalities of sportswear brands and their relationship to brand equity using Aaker’s methodology in the context of sportswear brands. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used Aaker’s brand personality framework to empirically investigate the personality of sportswear brands and the impact of brand personality on brand equity based on data collected from 420 college students. Findings – Results revealed that the personality of sportswear brands can be described in seven dimensions and 53 personality traits: competence, attractiveness, sincerity, innovation, activity, excitement and ruggedness. The study identified that four dimensions among all the seven personality dimensions, namely, competence, attractiveness, Sincerity and innovation, are the positive and significant contributing factors to the creation and enhancement of sportswear brand equity. Originality/value – This study makes an important contribution to the understanding of brand personality and brand equity in the context of sportswear brands. It confirmed that consumers do associate particular brand personality dimensions with sportswear brands, and certain dimensions of brand personality have a direct impact on brand equity. The study showed that not all brand personality dimensions have the same influence in increasing the value of a sportswear brand from a consumer perspective, some dimensions being more efficient than others. The findings provide insights as to what dimensions of brand personality would deliver the best result in today’s competitive sportswear market.
s‐Process in low‐metallicity stars – I. Theoretical predictions

A large sample of carbon enhanced metal-poor stars enriched in s-process elements (CEMP-s) have been observed in the Galactic halo. These stars of low mass (M � 0.9 M� ) are located on the main-sequence or the red giant phase, and do not undergo third dredge-up (TDU) episodes. The s-process enhancement is most plausibly due to accretion in a binary system from a more massive companion when on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase (now a white dwarf). In order to interpret the spectroscopic observations, updated AGB models are needed to follow in detail the sprocess nucleosynthesis. We present nucleosynthesis calculations based on AGB stellar models obtained with FRANEC (Frascati Raphson-Newton Evolutionary Code) for low initial stellar masses and low metallicities. For a given metallicity, a wide spread in the abundances of the s-process elements is obtained by varying the amount of 13 C and its profile in the pocket, where the 13 C(�, n) 16 O reaction is the major neutron source, releasing neutrons in radiative conditions during the interpulse phase. We account also for the second neutron source 22 Ne(�, n) 25 Mg, partially activated during convective thermal pulses. We discuss the surface abundance of elements from carbon to bismuth, for AGB models of initial masses M = 1.3 – 2 M� , low metallicities ([Fe/H] from 1 down to 3.6) and for different 13 C-pockets efficiencies. In particular we analyse the relative behaviour of the three s-process peaks: light-s (ls at magic neutron number N = 50), heavy-s (hs at N = 82) and lead (N = 126). Two s-process indicators, [hs/ls] and [Pb/hs], are needed in order to characterise the s-process distribution. In the online material, we provide a set of data tables with surface predictions. Our final goal is to provide a full set of theoretical models of low mass low metallicity s-process enhanced stars. In a forthcoming paper, we will test our results through a comparison with observations of CEMP-s stars.
The Competitive Advantage between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banking Sector in ASEAN

This research aims to examine the mediating effect of competitive advantage in the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance of the banking sector in five ASEAN countries. Furthermore, this research analyzes the differentiation level of intellectual capital using its components namely human capital, structural capital, and relational capital measured by Extended VAIC Plus (E-VAIC+). This research using partial least square method to test the mediation effect and ANOVA to test the differentiation level of intellectual capital on the banking sector in five ASEAN countries. The results show intellectual capital has a positive effect to financial performance and competitive advantage, competitive advantage has a positive effect to financial performance, and there is a different level of intellectual capital in Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, and Thailand. These findings support the resource-based theory which asserts that a unique set of resources that are owned and controlled can make the company have sustainable superior performance. These resources can be derived from the intellectual capital component that is exploited in such a way as a competitive advantage. JEL Classification: G31, G32, G34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i2. 2060
The Evaluation of Forecasting Method for Enteral and Formula Food Supply to Support Inventory Management System Hospital

Hospital is one of the public facilit ies that can support human health. Hospital quality system is the main thing to consider in order provid ing satisfaction to the customers, especially in terms of logistics, not only med icine but also foods which always have a d irect contact with the patients. Inventory management system in supply chain management is one factor to control the quality of the food. This research aim is to select the appropriate method in demand forecasting to determine the nu mber of products purchased for use and stored in the warehouse. The results showed the nutrition installation depart ment should use simp le exponential smoothing (SES) method for Anlene, Ensure FOS, Hepatosol and Peptamen product, while the product Pediasure and Neosure should use the moving average method, because the error was less significant and the method was really fit, according to product demand co mpared to the other forecasting methods. This research is not only using time series for demand fo recasting, but also tries to apply the calculation of average inventory value. It uses for inventory management system to improve the warehouse system of nutrition installat ion department effect ively and efficiently. The calculat ion is using periodic review method, yielding an average inventory value is much smaller than the current situation.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) AS INFLUENCED BY SEED WEIGHT

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons in 2010, to evaluate the growth and yield response of okra at varying seed weight and determine the optimal seed weight that will maximise the marketing yield. Four varieties of okra have taken in consideration for this investigation viz. Sagum, Satsira, Arka Anamika, and Parbhani Kranti. The result indicated that in all the four varieties, the lowest seed weight was inferior to other seed weight grades. The light seeds showed significantly lower germination percentage (71.83) than the heavy seeds (80.50). Heavy seed weight recorded maximum root (8.19cm) and shoot length (13.19cm) and minimum of days required for opening of cotyledons leaf (5.08) and first true leaf (9.60). Other growth parameters like plant height and number of leaves at different stages varied significantly between the seed weight grades and varieties. Among the varieties, maximum yield of 10.5t/ha. was obtained from Arka Anamika with heavy seed weight.
Information Transparency in Multi-Channel B 2 B Auctions : A Field Experiment Completed Research Paper

With the large amount of data available via different channels, firms have increasingly viewed information transparency as an important component of their strategy. This paper examines how the disclosure of winners’ information affects sellers’ revenues in multi-channel, B2B sequential auctions. Using a field experiment, we find that bidders tend to pay higher prices when winners’ identities are concealed from public view. At the outset, such finding contradicts the prediction of the well-known linkage principle in auction theory. Our empirical analysis suggests that anonymizing winning bids might discourage tacit collusion and mitigate the declining price trend in these B2B sequential auctions. This paper contributes to the growing literature on information transparency in market design. It also provides valuable insights to practitioners in designing information revelation policies in complex B2B markets.