Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric field measurements of different mobile handsets in near zone

In this work, electric field measurements are made in three categories. These are the near field measurements very close to the GSM phone for different phases (ringing, dialing, speaking) at the front, back, right and left sides of the phone, the electric field measurements at between 0-5 cm (1 cm intervals) away from the face and back of the GSM phone and the electric field measurements between 0-10 cm (1 cm intervals) away from the helix antenna which is fed by a 900MHz RF signal generator. These measurements were made by FP5000 isotropic probe that has frequency range between 10kHz-1GHz, dynamic range 1-300V/m. Fully charged mobile phone, which is under test, was fixed vertically on wooden platform and maximum electric field values were recorded. Only the position of probe was changed. During outgoing call phase, it's observed that the electric field at very close to mobile phone is much higher than limits specified by ICNIRP
C-reactive protein is associated with renal function abnormalities in a non-diabetic population.

BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) has recently been introduced in cardiovascular medicine as a predictor of myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery disease in different populations. We hypothesized that elevated CRP levels are associated with renal function abnormalities. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we studied the relationship between CRP levels and renal function loss measured as diminished creatinine clearance in a large non-diabetic population (7317 subjects). In addition, the associations and confounding effects of established renal risk factors that could explain the association between CRP and diminished renal filtration were studied. Also, the association of CRP with early alterations in renal function, such as those evidenced by a relatively high glomerular filtration ("hyperfiltration"), was examined. CRP levels were divided in quartiles. Subjects with CRP levels within the first quartile were defined as the reference group. Diminished renal filtration and hyperfiltration were defined as a creatinine clearance below or exceeding two times the prediction interval of the age- and sex-related reference group. RESULTS Elevated CRP levels were positively associated with cardiovascular and renal risk factors: age, body mass index, blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, smoking, plasma glucose level and elevated urinary albumin excretion. Elevated CRP was positively associated with diminished filtration (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). In multivariate analyses, CRP was independently associated with a diminished filtration (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.9). Interestingly, CRP also was associated with hyperfiltration (highest quartile, OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.5). However, body mass index accounted for most of the relationship between CRP and hyperfiltration. CONCLUSIONS As in cardiovascular disease, CRP appears to be a risk marker for renal function loss. The mechanism of this relationship remains to be clarified. However, the association between CRP, body weight, and a relatively elevated creatinine clearance is a hypothesis-generating finding, suggesting that early inflammatory processes related to high body fat may predispose the kidney to glomerular hyperfiltration-related renal function loss.
Reference values of motor unit action potentials obtained with multi‐MUAP analysis

We collected reference values of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) from healthy deltoid, brachial biceps, first dorsal interosseous, lateral vastus, and anterior tibial muscles in 105 subjects between 15 and 86 years. The MUAPs were recorded with a concentric needle electrode and extracted with a decomposition method we call multi‐MUAP analysis. The main goal is to identify and extract MUAPs. Also, the firing pattern of the motor units can be followed. No significant changes with age were found for duration, spike duration, thickness, amplitude, area, size index, or number of phases in all muscles studied. We did not find any influence of gender or height. We found higher amplitudes and shorter durations compared with previous studies. This may be due to a higher contraction level that can be used with a decomposition technique. No right‐left side differences were found. The coefficient of variation of the parameters in repeated examinations was small, which implies a good reliability of the measurements. Interexaminer variability of four investigators was not greater than in repeated studies. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
THE INHERITANCE OF HUMAN BIRTH WEIGHT*

Japanese data on half‐sibs, twins, full sibs and consanguineous matings are consistent with the hypothesis that the resemblance in birth weight of sibs is largely attributable to the maternal constitution or environment, not to genetic similarity of sibs. The following intraclass correlations were obtained: paternal half‐sibs, 0·102; maternal half‐sibs adjacent in birth order. 0·581; like‐sexed twins, 0·557; unlike‐sexed twins, 0·655; full sibs adjacent in birth order. 0·523; full sibs with one sib intervening, 0·425; full sibs with two sibs intervening. 0·363; full sibs adjacent in birth order, whose parents are first cousins, 0·481. No significant effect of inbreeding was observed on the variance of birth weight or the correlation between sibs, but inbreeding of the foetus did appear to affect mean birth weight, 10% inbreeding being estimated to decrease birth weight by about 4·3 decagrams. Other data on the genetics of mammalian body weight are reviewed.
The design of dynamics in the prediction structure of robust MPC

Robust model predictive control (RMPC) adopts either nominal or worst-case cost as the performance index to be minimised online. The former leads to efficient implementations but has the disadvantage that model uncertainty may lead to an over-optimistic strategy that ignores the sensitivity of the cost to the effects of model uncertainty. The introduction of dynamics into the prediction structure of RMPC through the use of a Youla parameter provides extra degrees of freedom with which to desensitise the cost to model uncertainty. This paper develops a methodology that allows this idea to be used in the presence of constraints. To avoid limitations concerning the systematic design of the Youla parameter, more general prediction dynamics are considered and an efficient control algorithm with guaranteed feasibility and stability is presented. A simple modification is also proposed that minimises the worst case cost while retaining the same control theoretical properties and efficiency of implementation.
Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy versus Fenestration/Coagulation or Laser Vaporization for the Treatment of Endometriomas: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Aim: To compare outcomes after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus fenestration/coagulation or laser ablation for the treatment of endometriomas. Methods: Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases using the terms ovarian, endometrioma or endometriosis, cystectomy, fenestration, coagulation, laser, and ablation or vaporization. The outcomes of interest were recurrence of signs/symptoms and endometrioma, reoperation, pregnancy, and ovarian reserve. Results: Seven studies were included. The risk of recurrence of signs/symptoms after surgery was significantly lower for laparoscopic cystectomy compared with fenestration/coagulation [risk ratio (RR): 0.29; 95% CI: 0.15-0.55; I2 = 0%; p < 0.001], as was the risk of recurrence compared with fenestration/coagulation (RR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26-0.97; I2 = 0%; p = 0.04) and laser vaporization (RR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12-0.88; I2 = 0%; p = 0.03). The risk of pregnancy was significantly higher for cystectomy compared with fenestration/coagulation (RR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.49-4.69; I2 = 0%; p < 0.001), but not laser vaporization (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.30-2.80; p = 0.89). There were inadequate data for the meta-analysis of ovarian reserve. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cystectomy provides better outcomes than fenestration/coagulation or laser ablation regarding recurrence of symptoms and endometrioma as well as pregnancy rate (fenestration/coagulation only). Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of these surgical approaches on ovarian reserve.
What Determines the Current Presence or Absence of Permafrost in the Torneträsk Region, a Sub-arctic Landscape in Northern Sweden?

Abstract In a warming climate, permafrost is likely to be significantly reduced and eventually disappear from the sub-Arctic region. This will affect people at a range of scales, from locally by slumping of buildings and roads, to globally as melting of permafrost will most likely increase the emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas methane, which will further enhance global warming. In order to predict future changes in permafrost, it is crucial to understand what determines the presence or absence of permafrost under current climate conditions, to assess where permafrost is particularly vulnerable to climate change, and to identify where changes are already occurring. The Torneträsk region of northern sub-Arctic Sweden is one area where changes in permafrost have been recorded and where permafrost could be particularly vulnerable to any future climate changes. This paper therefore reviews the various physical, biological, and anthropogenic parameters that determine the presence or absence of permafrost in the Torneträsk region under current climate conditions, so that we can gain an understanding of its current vulnerability and potential future responses to climate change. A patchy permafrost distribution as found in the Torneträsk region is not random, but a consequence of site-specific factors that control the microclimate and hence the surface and subsurface temperature. It is also a product of past as well as current processes. In sub-Arctic areas such as northern Sweden, it is mainly the physical parameters, e.g., topography, soil type, and climate (in particular snow depth), that determine permafrost distribution. Even though humans have been present in the study area for centuries, their impacts on permafrost distribution can more or less be neglected at the catchment level. Because ongoing climate warming is projected to continue and lead to an increased snow cover, the permafrost in the region will most likely disappear within decades, at least at lower elevations.
TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM BINDING TO THE OUTER MOUTH OF THE KcsA POTASSIUM CHANNEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR ION PERMEATION

ABSTRACT Extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA+) inhibits the current carried out by K+ ions in potassium channels. Structural models of wild-type (WT) and Y82C KcsA K+ channel/TEA+ complexes are here built using docking procedures, electrostatics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The calculations are based on the structure determined by Doyle et al.11Our calculations suggest that in WT, the TEA+ cation turns binds at the outer mouth of the selectivity filter, stabilized by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with the four Tyr82 side chains. Replacement of Tyr82 with Cys causes a decrease of the affinity of the cation for the channel, consistently with the available site-directed mutagenesis data16. An MD simulation in which K+ replaces TEA+ provides evidence that TEA+ binding site can accommodate a potassium ion, in agreement with the high-resolution structure recently reported by Zhou et al.20
Management of Investor Acceptance in Wind Power Megaprojects: A Conceptual Perspective

iNtRoductioN to tHe pRoblem – goveRNmeNts tHRougHout tHe WoRld aRe seekiNg to geNeRate moRe of tHeiR domestic poWeR fRom ReNeWable eNeRgy souRces. Power generation from wind energy is one of the most mature and important renewable energy technologies. On average, projects are steadily growing in size; the trend is towards large-scale wind power plants. Such wind power megaprojects, however, are often marked by high complexity, poor design, and poor delivery, which can diminish their attractiveness to investors. Purpose – This paper aims to shed light on investors’ willingness to finance wind power megaprojects and illuminate the ways in which not only risk and return factors of wind power megaprojects, but also behavioral and social factors influence this attitude, which we call investor acceptance. In addition, this paper examines ways in which megaproject managers can enhance and manage their project’s attractiveness to investors. Design/methodology/approach – This paper develops a conceptual model of investor acceptance of wind power megaprojects and its management based on insights from literature on behavioral finance, social acceptance of wind power projects, megaproject management and stakeholder management. Findings – The paper concludes that investor acceptance of wind power megaprojects is theoretically prone to behavioral and social effects and that megaproject managers can influence investor acceptance through two different approaches: (1) indirectly (with respect to tactical project management) and (2) directly (related to stakeholder management). Research implications – This paper broadens the scope of the research on investor acceptance by applying and further developing this concept in the context of megaprojects in the wind power industry and by discussing implications on megaproject management in a wind power context. DOI 10.5592/otmcj.2012. 3.1 Research Paper
Gelotophobia and Thinking Styles in Sternberg's Theory

A hypothesis was examined, that gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) was negatively related to Type I thinking styles and positively related to Type II thinking styles as defined in Sternberg's theory of mental self-government. 431 university students (250 women, 181 men; M age = 20.4 yr., SD = 1.2) completed self-report measures of gelotophobia (GELOPH < 15 >) and thinking styles (Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted. The results indicated that gelotophobia was negatively and significantly related to four Type I thinking styles (legislative, judicial, liberal, and hierarchical thinking styles) and a Type III thinking style (external), while it was positively and significantly related to a Type II thinking style (conservative). Thinking styles uniquely explained 18% of the total variance in gelotophobia scores. Possible interventions from the perspective of thinking styles in the treatment of gelotophobia were discussed.
Streptobacillus Moniliformis Infection in a Dog.

STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS is the cause of classical rat-bite fever in man. This peculiar and rare disease may develop following the bite of a rat or, even more rarely, by the ingestion of contaminated food or drink. Although the organism causes disease in rats and mice, apparently no reports of its isolation from domestic animals have been made. This communication will deal with the clinical and laboratory findings of a case of Streptobacillus moniliformis infection in a dog.
Onset of Odorant Receptors

Odorant receptors are thought to be critical determinants of olfactory sensory neuron axon targeting and organization. Nonetheless, a systematic characterization of the onset of odorant receptor expression has not yet been done in the main olfactory epithelium. Here, we briefly review our current understanding regarding the onset of odorant receptor expression in the main olfactory epithelium and identify some of those questions which we believe must be of high priority for future study.
Removal of Polyvinylpyrrolidone from Wastewater Using Different Methods

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a frequently used polymer in the pharmaceutical and foodstuff industries. Because it is not subject to metabolic changes and is virtually nondegradable, trace concentrations of PVP are often found in community wastewaters. The literature finds that the partial removal of PVP in wastewater treatment plants probably occurs through sorption. The primary objective of this study was to find an effective method to remove PVP from wastewaters. In this regard, the literature indicates the theoretical potential to use specific enzymes (e.g., γ‐lactamases, amidases) to gradually degrade PVP molecules. Polyvinylpyrrolidone biodegradability tests were conducted using suitable heterogeneous cultures (activated sludge) collected from a conventional wastewater treatment plant, treatment plants connected to a pharmaceutical factory, and using select enzymes. Aerobic biodegradation of PVP in a conventional wastewater environment was ineffective, even after adaptation of activated sludge using the nearly identical monomer 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. Another potential method for PVP removal involves pretreating the polymer prior to biological degradation. Based on the results (approximately 10 to 15% biodegradation), pretreatment was partially effective, realistically, it could only be applied with difficulty at wastewater treatment plants. Sorption of PVP to an active carbon sorbent (Chezacarb S), which corresponded to the Langmuir isotherm, and sorption to activated sludge, which corresponded to the Freundlich isotherm, were also evaluated. From these sorption tests, it can be concluded that the considerable adsorption of PVP to activated sludge occurred primarily at low PVP concentrations. Based on the test results, the authors recommend the following methods for PVP removal from wastewater: (1) sorption; (2) application of specific microorganisms; and (3) alkaline hydrolysis, which is the least suitable of the three for use in wastewater treatment plants.
Nonlinearity, coherence and complexity: Biophysical aspects related to health and disease

ABSTRACT Biological organisms are complex open dissipative systems whose dynamical stability is sustained due to the exchange of matter, energy and information. Dynamical stability occurs through a number of mechanisms that sustain efficient adaptive dynamics. Such properties of living matter can be the consequence of a self-consistent state of matter and electromagnetic field (EMF). Based on the soliton model of charge transport in redox processes, we describe a possible mechanism of the origin of endogenous EMF and coherence. Solitons are formed in polypeptides due to electron–lattice interaction. Solitons experience periodical potential barrier, as a result of which their velocity oscillates in time, and, hence, they emit electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Under the effect of such radiation from all other solitons, the synchronization of their dynamics takes place, which significantly increases the intensity of the general EMF. The complex structure of biological molecules, such as helical structure, is not only important for “structure-function” relations, but also the source of the stability of biophysical processes, e.g. effectiveness of energy and charge transport on macroscopic distances. Such a complex structure also provides the framework for the spatiotemporal structure of the endogenous EMF. The highly hierarchical organization of living organisms is a manifestation of their complexity, even at the level of simple unicellular organisms. This complexity increases the dynamical stability of open systems and enhances the possibility of information storage and processing. Our findings provide a qualitative overview of a possible biophysical mechanism that supports health and disease adaptive dynamics.
Transient Exposure to Coffee as a Trigger of a First Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction

Background: The effects of coffee on myocardial infarction are uncertain. We hypothesize that coffee in the presence of predisposing factors can induce a cascade of events that, through sympathetic nervous activation, can induce the onset of myocardial infarction. Methods: We recruited 503 incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction between 1994 and 1998 in Costa Rica. We used a case-crossover design to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: The RR of myocardial infarction in the hour after coffee intake was 1.49 (95% CI = 1.17–1.89). Occasional coffee drinkers (≤1 cup/day, n = 103) had a RR of myocardial infarction of 4.14 (2.03–8.42), moderate coffee drinkers (2–3 cups/day, n = 280) had a RR of 1.60 (1.16–2.21), and heavy coffee drinkers (≥4 cups/d, n = 120) had a RR of 1.06 (0.69–1.63; P = 0.006, test of homogeneity). Patients with 3 or more risk factors (n = 101) had a RR of myocardial infarction of 2.10 (1.30–3.39), whereas patients with fewer than 3 risk factors (n = 396) had a RR of 1.39 (1.04–1.82; P = 0.15, test of homogeneity); and RR was 1.72 (1.30–2.30) among sedentary patients compared with 1.07 (0.66–1.72) among nonsedentary (P = 0.10, test of homogeneity). Conclusions: The findings indicate that coffee intake may trigger myocardial infarction. The association is particularly strong among people with light/occasional intake of coffee (≤1 cup/day), with sedentary lifestyle, or with 3 or more risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Human embryonic neural stem cell transplantation increases subventricular zone cell proliferation and promotes peri‐infarct angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia

Neurogenesis and angiogenesis are two important processes that may contribute to the repair of brain injury after stroke. This study was designed to investigate whether transplantation of human embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) into cortical peri‐infarction 24 h after ischemia effects cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and angiogenesis in the peri‐infarct zone. NSCs were prepared from embryonic human brains at 8 weeks gestation. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery of adult rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30, each) at 24 h after ischemia: NSC‐grafted and medium‐grafted groups. Toluidine blue staining and 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) or von Willebrand factor (vWF) immunohistochemistry were performed at 7, 14 and 28 days after transplantation. NSC transplantation increased the number of BrdU‐positive cells in the ischemic ipsilateral SVZ compared with the medium control at 7 days (P < 0.01). This difference in SVZ cell proliferation persisted at 14 days (P < 0.01), but was not significant at 28 days (P > 0.05). In addition, angiogenesis, as indicated by BrdU and vWF staining in cortical peri‐infarct regions, was augmented by 46% and 65% in NSC‐grafted rats versus medium‐grafted rats at 7 and 14 days, respectively (P < 0.05). However, this increase became non‐significant at 28 days (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that NSC transplantation enhances endogenous cell proliferation in the SVZ and promotes angiogenesis in the peri‐infarct zone, even if it is performed in the acute phase of ischemic injury.
Cesarean Section for Delivery of the Second Twin

Four cases of combined vaginal-abdominal delivery of twins are presented, and an additional 5 cases from the recent literature are discussed. Malposition, malpresentation, and contracted cervix were the main indications for cesarean section for the birth of twin B. In the 9 cases presented, there were 2 perinatal deaths.
The Computer and the Brain

The essays in this collection are selected and revised from presentations at an international symposium, “The Computer and the Brain,” held in commemoration of John von Neumann at Arizona State University in spring 1987. The first four essays are devoted to von Neumann’s life. In addition, the collection contains correspondence between von Neumann and Ortvay. The final two essays assess von Neumann’s contribution to the development of the computer, and give a survey over trends in the field after von Neumann’s early death.