Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DSM-5 reduces the proportion of EDNOS cases: evidence from community samples.

OBJECTIVE Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) constitute the most common eating disorder among those seeking treatment at eating disorder facilities; they are even more common among persons with eating disorders the community. This study compares the impact of applying the revised diagnostic criteria proposed by the DSM-5 workgroup, and the broad categories for the diagnosis of eating disorders (BCD-ED) proposed by Walsh and Sysko on the prevalence of EDNOS. METHOD In two nationwide epidemiological studies the prevalence of eating disorders among female high school (n = 2,028) and university students (n = 1,020) was examined using DSM-IV criteria. We used a two-stage design, administering a questionnaire in the first stage and an interview in the second stage. RESULTS In the combined samples 118 cases of eating disorders (DSM-IV) were detected, of which 86 were diagnosed as EDNOS (72.9%). Application of the DSM-5 criteria reduced the number of EDNOS cases to 60 (50.8%) or to 52 (44%), when using a BMI <18.5 as cutoff for "significantly low weight" criterion in AN; with the use of BCD-ED criteria, only 5 (4.2%) cases of EDNOS remained. DISCUSSION Proposed criteria set for DSM-5 substantially reduce the number of EDNOS cases. However, the BCD-ED scheme further reduces its proportion, almost eliminating it.
On two‐way Bayesian agglomerative clustering of gene expression data

This article introduces an agglomerative Bayesian model‐based clustering algorithm which outputs a nested sequence of two‐way cluster configurations for an input matrix of data. Each two‐way cluster configuration in the output hierarchy is specified by a row configuration and a column configuration whose Cartesian product partitions the data matrix. Variable selection is incorporated into the algorithm by identifying row clusters which form distinct groups defined by the column clusters, through the use of a mixture model. A primitive similarity measure between the two clusters is the multiplicative change in model posterior probability implied by their merger, and the hierarchy is formed by iteratively merging the cluster pair which maximize some fixed monotonic function of this quantity. A naive implementation of the algorithm would be to choose this function to be the identity function. However, when applying this naive algorithm to gene expression data where the number of genes being studied typically far exceeds the number of experimental samples available, this imbalanced dimensionality of the data results in an algorithmic bias toward merging samples. To counteract this bias, alternative functions of the similarity measure are considered which prevent degenerative behavior of the algorithm. The resulting improvements in the output cluster configurations are demonstrated on simulated data and the method is then applied to real gene expression data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Company Value and Economic Currency Risk: an empirical study of UK-listed importers and exporters

This study examines the impact of economic currency exposure on UK share prices using both daily and monthly data. It makes use of survey information to identify two types of firm on the basis of exchange rate sensitivity of their sales volume and input prices, as being either exporters and importers. We then examine the relationship between the exchange rate and the share price of individual firms in our sample of importer and exporter firms. This is done for the period 1990 to June 1997 and the sub-periods October 1990 to August 1992, when the UK participated in the exchange rate mechanism, and August 1995 to June 1997, a period of sterling appreciation. The results showed a stronger currency effect on firm value during the ERM period than when sterling free-floated. The analysis is then extended to examining the effects of a range of individual currencies and indicate that individual firms have very different exposures to particular currencies. Overall our results indicate a weak relationship between our sample firms’ share price and changes in the exchange rate.
Radiative budget and cloud radiative effect over the Atlantic from ship-based observations

Abstract. The aim of this study is to determine cloud-type resolved cloud radiative budgets and cloud radiative effects from surface measurements of broadband radiative fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, based on simultaneous observations of the state of the cloudy atmosphere, a radiative closure study has been performed by means of the ECHAM5 single column model in order to identify the model's ability to realistically reproduce the effects of clouds on the climate system. An extensive database of radiative and atmospheric measurements has been established along five meridional cruises of the German research icebreaker Polarstern. Besides pyranometer and pyrgeometer for downward broadband solar and thermal radiative fluxes, a sky imager and a microwave radiometer have been utilized to determine cloud fraction and cloud type on the one hand and temperature and humidity profiles as well as liquid water path for warm non-precipitating clouds on the other hand. Averaged over all cruise tracks, we obtain a total net (solar + thermal) radiative flux of 144 W m−2 that is dominated by the solar component. In general, the solar contribution is large for cirrus clouds and small for stratus clouds. No significant meridional dependencies were found for the surface radiation budgets and cloud effects. The strongest surface longwave cloud effects were shown in the presence of low level clouds. Clouds with a high optical density induce strong negative solar radiative effects under high solar altitudes. The mean surface net cloud radiative effect is −33 W m−2. For the purpose of quickly estimating the mean surface longwave, shortwave and net cloud effects in moderate, subtropical and tropical climate regimes, a new parameterisation was created, considering the total cloud amount and the solar zenith angle. The ECHAM5 single column model provides a surface net cloud effect that is more cooling by 17 W m−2 compared to the radiation observations. This overestimation in solar cooling is mostly caused by the shortwave impact of convective clouds. The latter show a large overestimation in solar cooling of up to 114 W m−2. Mean cloud radiative effects of cirrus and stratus clouds were simulated close to the observations.
Behavior Increased implementation of education programs and attempts to modify behavior Use of condoms and other barrier methods Treatment and prevention of drug and alcohol abuse Clean syringes

Current efforts to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, which largely focus on altering human behavior, have had some notable successes yet have failed to halt the spread of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pandemic. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV disease is providing us with the scientific rationale for additional approaches to prevention. Some of the approaches discussed in this article are available now. For example, we have the means to screen for and treat other sexually transmitted diseases that increase vulnerability to HIV, adult male circumcision is readily available in most properly equipped hospitals, and antiretroviral agents that decrease the viral load help prevent transmission from pregnant women to their infants. Other approaches discussed are under investigation. For instance, numerous topical microbicides are in various stages of development, incremental progress is being made toward creation of an HIV vaccine designed to prevent HIV transmission or slow the course of disease in people who become infected, and studies are under way to evaluate the risks and benefits of prophylactic antiretroviral therapy in individuals at high risk for HIV disease.
Corporate governance in developing economies : country studies of Africa, Asia and Latin America

Selected Issues in Corporate Governance. - Corporate Governance in Developing Economies. - Shareholder Rights Issues. - Equitable Treatment of Shareholders. - The Role of Stakeholders in Corporate Governance. - Disclosure&Transparency. - The Responsibility of the Board. - Insider Trading in Developing Economies. - The Market for Corporate Control in Developing Economies. - Case Studies and Comparative Studies. - The Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Developing Countries: An Overview. - Corporate Governance and the Timeliness of Financial Reporting: A Case Study of Kenya. - Corporate Governance and the Timeliness of Financial Reporting: A Case Study of Kenya and the European Union. - Corporate Governance and the Timeliness of Financial Reporting: A Comparative Study of Kenya and the United States of America. - Corporate Governance and the Timeliness of Financial Reporting: A Comparative Study of Kenya and Russia. - Corporate Governance and the Timeliness of Financial Reporting: A Comparative Study of Kenya and the People's Republic of China. - Corporate Governance in Asia: A Comparative Study. - Corporate Governance in Latin America: A Comparative Study. - A Comparative Analysis of Corporate Governance Systems in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Venezuela. - Corporate Governance in Africa and the Middle East: A Comparative Study. - International Influence on Accountancy in Vietnam. - Country Studies. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Bhutan. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in India. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Indonesia. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in the Republic of Korea. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Malaysia. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Nepal. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Pakistan. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in the Philippines. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Thailand. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Turkey. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Vietnam. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Brazil. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Chile. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Colombia. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Mexico. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Panama. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Peru. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Uruguay. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Egypt. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Ghana. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Jordan. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Mauritius. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Senegal. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in South Africa. - An Overview of Corporate Governance Practices in Zimbabwe.
Holistic symptom management: modelling the interaction phase.

AIM This article details an interaction model that links the way a nurse participates in a client's effort to describe the symptom experience and the eventual symptom management outcome. RATIONALE Symptoms represent more than clues to an underlying disease process. Within a nursing perspective, managing symptoms requires an understanding of the person's experience and the meaning associated with each symptom. All nurses engage in symptom work with clients, but the extent of their accountability varies within their scope of practice. In the United States of America (USA) model of advanced practice nursing, the scope expands to include all aspects of symptom management such as eliciting an accurate understanding, using a symptom cluster to determine underlying causes, and involving the client in management decisions. A holistic nursing approach to symptom management is particularly well suited to the increasing numbers of people with chronic illness. METHOD The discussion herein details the interaction phase of the evolving model of Negotiated Symptom Management in chronic illness. Analysis of the participants, process, and context governing this encounter reveal the complexities of the interaction. FINDINGS It is argued that variables within the interaction have the potential to compromise desired nurse and client outcomes. Although symptom acknowledgement and relief is a primary goal, the emphasis for the nurse clinician remains on the person, not the symptom. Effective symptom management is dependent on hearing and attending to the lifeworld of the client. CONCLUSION Attending to key areas of influence in the interaction process facilitates the achievement of desired outcomes in symptom management--accurate diagnosis, symptom relief, and agreement on a course of action. The dominance of chronic illness in health care, and the centrality of the symptom experience underscores the value of sensitizing nurses to these issues.
Dopamine D2 Receptors Dimers: How can we Pharmacologically Target Them?

Background Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors can form homo- and heterodimers and are important targets in Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s. Recently, many efforts have been made to pharmacologically target these receptor complexes. This review focuses on various strategies to act specifically on dopamine receptor dimers, that are transiently formed. Methods Various binding and functional assays were reviewed to study the properties of bivalent ligands, particularly for the dualsteric compound SB269,652. The dimerization of D2 and D3 receptors were analyzed by using single particle tracking microscopy. Results The specific targeting of dopamine D2 and D3 dimers can be achieved with bifunctional ligands, composed of two pharmacophores binding the two orthosteric sites of the dimeric complex. If the target is a homodimer, then the ligand is homobivalent. Instead, if the target is a heterodimer, then the ligand is heterobivalent. However, there is some concern regarding pharmacokinetics and binding properties of such drugs. Recently, a new generation of bitopic compounds with dualsteric properties have been discovered that bind to the orthosteric and the allosteric sites in one monomeric receptor. Regarding dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, a new dualsteric molecule SB269,652 was shown to have selective negative allosteric properties across D2 and D3 homodimers, but it behaves as an orthosteric antagonist on receptor monomer. Targeting dimers is also complicated as they are transiently formed with varying monomer/dimer ratio. Furthermore, this ratio can be altered by administering an agonist or a bifunctional antagonist. Conclusion Last 15 years have witnessed an explosive amount of work aimed at generating bifunctional compounds as a novel strategy to target GPCR homo- and heterodimers, including dopamine receptors. Their clinical use is far from trivial, but, at least, they have been used to validate the existence of receptor dimers in-vitro and in-vivo. The dualsteric compound SB269, 652, with its peculiar pharmacological profile, may offer therapeutic advantages and a better tolerability in comparison with pure antagonists at D2 and D3 receptors and pave the way for a new generation of antipsychotic drugs.
CSR and Market Valuation: International Evidence

Do socially responsible firms benefit from ethical goodwill? On the one hand, taking externalities into account can be a competitive disadvantage. On the other hand, financial benefits may result from ethical behavior. Thanks to a worldwide dataset of ESG ratings (MSCI ESG ratings), we examine the relationship between a firm's CSR rating and its shareholder value. After controlling for industry, region, year and R&D, we observe, contrary to mainstream empirical studies, strong evidence of a negative impact of responsible behavior on corporate market value. More precisely, environmental performance was penalized by investors over the 2005-2009 period, whereas involvement in human capital seems to have been valued by the market.
Multi sensor 3D indoor localisation

We present an indoor localisation system that integrates different sensor modalities, namely Wi-Fi, barometer, iBeacons, step-detection and turn-detection for localisation of pedestrians within buildings over multiple floors. To model the pedestrian's movement, which is constrained by walls and other obstacles, we propose a state transition based upon random walks on graphs. This model also frees us from the burden of frequently updating the system. In addition we make use of barometer information to estimate the current floor. Furthermore, we present a statistical approach to avoid the incorporation of faulty heading information caused by changing the smartphone's position. The evaluation of the system within a 77m × 55m sized building with 4 floors shows that high accuracy can be achieved while also keeping the update-rates low.
Design of Spiral and Multiple Split-Ring Resonators for the Realization of Miniaturized Metamaterial Samples

We present the design of miniaturized resonant inclusions to be employed in the practical realization of metamaterial samples with anomalous values of the real part of the permeability. Such inclusions, in fact, can be employed in the design of both mu-negative (MNG) materials and artificial magnetodielectrics (with negative and high-positive values of the real part of the permeability, respectively). The inclusions here considered are the multiple split-ring resonators (MSRRs), that represent a straightforward extension of the commonly used split-ring resonators (SRRs), and the spiral resonators (SRs), that enable a greater miniaturization rate. Some physical insights on the resonance mechanism and on the inherent saturation of the resonant frequency when increasing the number of the rings of the MSRRs and the number of the turns of the SRs are given in the paper. New and accurate analytical design formulas, based on a quasi-static model, for both MSRRs and SRs are derived and tested through a proper comparison with the existing formulas and full-wave numerical results. Both MSRRs and SRs are shown to be useful to reduce the electrical dimensions of the resonant inclusions when synthesizing artificial metamaterials.
Effects of humidity and temperature on avian influenza virus H 6 N 2 persistence in faecal samples from experimentally infected ducks ( Anas platyrynchos )

Some assessments carried out to determine the period of time when viruses preserve their infective properties lack enough information about the environmental conditions. For instance, FITCHNER [5] affirms that during the Pennsylvania outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian influenza in 1983-1985, caused by a Н5N2 virus, the agent was detected in wet manure under field conditions after 105 days. UTTERBACK [11] concluded that the virus could be detected in concentrations up to 107.0 EID50/g and could survive for more than 44 days, but in both studies, the changes in ambient humidity and temperature were not reported although it could be assumed that variations were present.
Modelling acoustic reflection loss at the ocean surface for small angles of incidence

This paper investigates the performance of available models of acoustic surface loss for small grazing angles of incidence, and for lower wind speeds for which bubble formation is less likely to play a role. In order to investigate the expected importance of shadowing for these scenarios, a wave-type model has been run with a deterministic simulation of the surface profile, for a number of situations for which transmission has been confined to small angle arrivals. This modelling includes, implicitly, the effects of diffraction into the shadowed regions, and the effects of the varying levels of intensity of insonification in accord with the different surface slopes. The surface loss values inferred from these simulations are compared with those from the other models, and to the extent possible, with the apparent effects observed with available at sea data. In this work, attention has been paid to the angles of incidence at the surface which dominate the loss effects. To the extent possible, conclusions are drawn on the apparent accuracy of the various models, and the need for further work to ascertain their appropriateness at small grazing angles.
Intrinsic Motivation towards Sports in Singaporean Students: The Role of Sport Ability Beliefs

This study investigated determinants of active lifestyles in Singaporean university students. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a measure of lay beliefs concerning athletic ability was confirmed. Other results confirmed hypotheses that beliefs reflecting that athletic ability can be developed over time (incremental beliefs) predict an achievement task (selfreferenced) orientation, while beliefs reflecting that athletic ability is relatively stable (entity beliefs) predict an ego (otherperson, comparative) orientation. Goal orientations directly affect perceived competence which, in turn, influence intrinsic motivation to be physically active. A task orientation had a direct link to intrinsic motivation. Results suggest that intrinsic motivation towards sport and physical activity might be enhanced through interventions that focus on self-referenced and selfimprovement notions of ability as well as perceived competence.
Time-Domain Investigation on Cable-Induced Transient Coupling Into Metallic Enclosures

A hybrid time-domain method is proposed for characterizing electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals coupled into some composite structures with metallic enclosures, braided shielded cable, printed circuit boards, and even lumped active devices. In order to rapidly capture the induced interior EMI, the finite-difference time-domain, modified node analysis, and multiconductor transmission lines methods are combined together and implemented successfully. Numerical investigation is carried out to demonstrate the frequency-dependent transfer impedance of the coaxial cable, the induced voltage at the place of active loaded element in the transmission line network, and the enclosure shielding effectiveness of these composite enclosures. The captured transient response information is useful for further designing electromagnetic protection of the inner circuits against the impact of voltage or current surge caused by nonintentional as well as intentional electromagnetic interference.