Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beliefs About Back Pain: Results of a Population Survey of Working Age Adults

BackgroundBeliefs about low back pain (LBP) have been widely studied. Research supports the importance of attitudes and beliefs in the development of disability. However, public opinions about LBP have been the subject of few studies to date and more research into public attitudes has been advocated to inform future public health initiatives. ObjectivesTo investigate public attitudes and beliefs about LBP, and the association of these with demographic variables. In addition, to determine whether certain group differences in demographic characteristics were useful in predicting individuals with negative attitudes about LBP. MethodsA stratified sample of 3400 households were invited to participate in the Jersey Annual Social Survey. One thousand five hundred and seventy-four (46.3%) responded and 1132 (71.9%) were identified as being of working age. Complete responses to the Back Beliefs Questionnaire were provided by 1023 (65.0%). ResultsRespondents were grouped according to pain report: no current pain, current pain not LBP, and current LBP. Significant differences existed between subgroups for most demographic characteristics. Moreover, beliefs about LBP differed significantly between the 3 groups [F (2,1019)=17.72, P<0.001]. Further analyses were carried out for the subgroups separately. For the Current LBP group, beliefs differed significantly by educational level [F(2,186)=14.65, P<0.001], perceived general health [F (2,187)=4.42, P<0.05], acceptability of work absence [F (2,189)=10.69, P<0.001], LBP impact on activity [F (2,186)=6.38, P<0.01], and previous LBP absence [t (185)=4.84, P<0.001]. Multiple regression using these characteristics produced an adjusted R2 of 0.25 [F (4,181)=16.33, P<0.001] for the prediction of back beliefs. DiscussionImplications for public health initiatives and future research are discussed.
Process innovation capability and subsequent collaborative team performance in travel planning: a knowledge exchange platform perspective

Purpose: Backpacker tourism is flourishing in this century as the high development of Internet technology which enables travellers to search for resources they need easier. The research goal of this study was to exam how virtual skill and collective efficacy affect process innovation capability and subsequent team performance of collaborative design team in a virtual community. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, we formulated the virtual team model from the perspectives of open innovation paradigm and virtual competence, and we collected virtual community participation samples from the online communities. Invitation emails were delivered to numerous trip plan initiators in two well-known online travel communities for filling survey questionnaires for this study. In total, 3000 invitation messages were mailed, of which 373 were returned completed. The model and hypotheses were tested by structural equation modelling. Findings: Virtual competence, including collective efficacy and virtual media skill, is the essential key to facilitate process innovation capability and subsequent team performance success. Besides, knowledge sharing significantly moderates the relationship between process innovation capability and the team performance. Originality/value: Backpackers in the online travel communities have to have not only the willingness to collaborate, but also the abilities of using the correct tool to help with their tasks. When a self-efficacy gets into collective efficacy, it enables the collaborative team to develop with good virtual competencies. Accordingly, trip plan initiator and participants of a virtual team are as expertise contributors between conformity in online communities and online compulsive control tendencies.
Interactions of mating, egg production and death rates in females of the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata

Costs of reproduction include costs of producing eggs and of mating itself. In the present study, we made an experimental investigation of costs of reproduction in the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly, Ceratitis capitata). We demonstrated that virgins live longer than non–virgin females. However, in strong contrast to most findings within the Diptera, non–virginity had no detectable effect on egg production. Therefore the increased longevity of the virgin females cannot be attributed to an increase in egg production in non–virgin females, and instead indicates a cost of mating. A comparison of the life spans of normal females and those sterilized by low doses of X–irradiation, revealed an additional cost of egg production. There were no significant differences in remating levels between females that did and did not lay eggs, showing that the cost of producing eggs is independent of mating frequency. Medfly females therefore suffer a decrease in survival as a result of egg production and of mating, and these costs are independent of one another. To put our results into context, we reviewed the existing literature on the effects of mating on longevity, egg production and sexual receptivity for 64 species of Diptera, and examined the pattern of mating effects that emerged.
Relationship between smoking‐induced oxidative stress and the clinical severity of psoriasis

Background Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease, known as an oxidative stress condition. Smoking augments the risk of development of psoriasis. Although the relative importance of potential mechanisms of smoking‐induced psoriasis is unknown, direct delivery of oxidants has been implicated in the pathogenesis of smoking‐induced psoriasis.
Oral N‐acetylcysteine attenuates pulmonary emphysema and alveolar septal cell apoptosis in smoking‐induced COPD in rats

Background and objective: The role of apoptosis in lung destruction in emphysema/COPD is increasingly being recognized. The relationship between anti‐oxidants and alveolar septal cell apoptosis in COPD lungs remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the anti‐oxidant, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), on the development of emphysema and alveolar septal cell apoptosis in smoking‐induced COPD in rats.
Does investment style effect portfolio returns: a study on Indian markets

There is significant empirical evidence specifying the effect of size, value and momentum in portfolio pricing. To confirm the effect, the article has attempted to construct long and short term winners and losers portfolios comprising of stocks forming the CNX NIFTY 500. Stocks are classified based on their past performance, book-to-market value and market capitalisation. The resultant portfolios' pricing is empirically assessed using Carhart four-factor model. The current work further evaluates a set of conditioning information contributing to these factors. Based on the findings, the study makes an attempt to evaluate and compare the returns generated due to 'growth', 'value', and 'momentum' investing in the Indian capital market. It further empirically evaluates the effect of size (small minus large market capitalisation stocks), value (stocks with a low price-to-book ratio) versus growth (stocks with a high price-to-book ratio), and momentum (past winners minus past losers) in the pricing of the portfolios. The study has acknowledged that Indian equity market provides significant profits if investors buy stocks with large market capitalisation and sell stocks with small market capitalisation. This finding is in contrast to the finding of Fama-French (1993) and Carhart (1997).
Response inhibition and interference control: Effects of schizophrenia, genetic risk, and schizotypy

The ability to inhibit inappropriate responses and suppress irrelevant information is a core feature of executive control. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of prepotent response inhibition and interference in patients with schizophrenia. To further test the role of genetic factors and subclinical schizophrenia-like traits, we additionally studied clinically unaffected, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and assessed dimensions of schizotypy in both relatives and healthy controls. Inhibition and interference control were assessed using a battery comprising the antisaccade, Stroop, stop signal, go/no-go, flanker, and Simon tasks. Schizophrenia patients differed from both relatives and controls in making more errors on the antisaccade task and having longer response times on the Stroop task, especially the incongruent condition. Patients also had general, that is, condition independent, increases in reaction times on the go/no-go and flanker tasks and made more errors on the flanker and Simon tasks, suggesting general performance impairments independent of inhibitory demand. Relatives were characterized by hypometric antisaccade amplitude gain despite normal prosaccades, suggesting a selective deficit in non-standard sensorimotor transformations. Schizotypy was correlated with inhibitory performance across a number of tasks in both relatives and controls. Generally, these effects were independent of verbal intelligence levels. Overall, the findings point to rather selective impairments of inhibitory control in the schizophrenia spectrum and confirm a previously observed deficit in antisaccade spatial accuracy as an endophenotype of schizophrenia.
Expatriate assignments and career outcomes: career development of portuguese repatriates

This paper aims to study the expatriation, specifically the career management of Portuguese repatriates. The purpose of this research is to examine how the expatriate assignments may influence the professional career development upon return. This research was carried out using the quantitative methodology. The data collection was done through the application of a questionnaire to 75 repatriates belonging to organizations located in Portugal. The data collected in this study show that repatriates enhance the expatriation experience, regardless of a career progression or not, because they acquire and develop new skills, achieve a richer and more extensive functional content and assume positions with more responsibility and autonomy. The fact that repatriates plan the international assignment as part of a development career process confirms the theoretical perspectives of the new psychological contract, protean career, boundaryless career and intelligent careers. The results show that the completion of international assignments doesn’t have a direct impact on the repatriates’ career development. These findings will be discussed in detail and implications and suggestions for future research will be proposed as well.
Victim Satisfaction With the Criminal Justice System and Emotional Recovery

The current study systematically and critically reviewed the empirical literature to evaluate the association between satisfaction with the criminal justice system and adult crime victims’ emotional recovery. Despite the widely accepted notion that involvement in the criminal justice system may impact recovery from crime victimization—either beneficially or maliciously—a systematic review of empirical studies that addresses this topic has never been conducted. Electronic literature databases (ISI Web of Knowledge [including Web of Science and MEDLINE], EBSCO host [including PsychInfo, CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts, ERIC, PsychARTICLES, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection], and ProQuest [including PILOTS, Social Services Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts]) were searched to identify relevant quantitative studies. The Cambridge Quality Checklists were used to evaluate the quality of selected studies. These checklists can be used to assess the quality of risk and protective factors in criminal justice research. In this study they were used to explore the impact of victim satisfaction on crime victims’ emotional and cognitive states post-victimization. The review process revealed mixed results, with some studies suggesting a healing impact of victim satisfaction and others not. More consistent were findings regarding the existence of an association between victim satisfaction and (alterations in) positive cognitions. However, since the majority of studies suffered from severe methodological shortcomings, definite conclusions cannot be drawn yet.
Climate data induced uncertainty in model-based estimations of terrestrial primary productivity

Model-based estimations of historical fluxes and pools of the terrestrial biosphere differ substantially. These differences arise not only from differences between models but also from differences in the environmental and climatic data used as input to the models. Here we investigate the role of uncertainties in historical climate data by performing simulations of terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) using a process-based dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) forced by six different climate datasets. We find that the climate induced uncertainty, defined as the range among historical simulations in GPP when forcing the model with the different climate datasets, can be as high as 11 Pg C yr−1 globally (9% of mean GPP). We also assessed a hypothetical maximum climate data induced uncertainty by combining climate variables from different datasets, which resulted in significantly larger uncertainties of 41 Pg C yr−1 globally or 32% of mean GPP. The uncertainty is partitioned into components associated to the three main climatic drivers, temperature, precipitation, and shortwave radiation. Additionally, we illustrate how the uncertainty due to a given climate driver depends both on the magnitude of the forcing data uncertainty (climate data range) and the apparent sensitivity of the modeled GPP to the driver (apparent model sensitivity). We find that LPJ-GUESS overestimates GPP compared to empirically based GPP data product in all land cover classes except for tropical forests. Tropical forests emerge as a disproportionate source of uncertainty in GPP estimation both in the simulations and empirical data products. The tropical forest uncertainty is most strongly associated with shortwave radiation and precipitation forcing, of which climate data range contributes higher to overall uncertainty than apparent model sensitivity to forcing. Globally, precipitation dominates the climate induced uncertainty over nearly half of the vegetated land area, which is mainly due to climate data range and less so due to the apparent model sensitivity. Overall, climate data ranges are found to contribute more to the climate induced uncertainty than apparent model sensitivity to forcing. Our study highlights the need to better constrain tropical climate, and demonstrates that uncertainty caused by climatic forcing data must be considered when comparing and evaluating carbon cycle model results and empirical datasets.
Function and structure in ribonucleic acid phage Q beta ribonucleic acid replicase. The roles of the different subunits in transcription of synthetic templates.

Abstract Phage Qβ RNA-dependent RNA replicase consists of four subunits: one is RNA phage specific (subunit II), the other three, present in the uninfected cell, are the protein biosynthesis elongation factors EF-Tu (subunit III) and EF-Ts (subunit IV) and the translation interference factor i (subunit I). When the protein biosynthesis elongation factors are removed by centrifugation of the initiated enzyme-RNA complex, the remaining two subunits (I and II) are capable of continued polymerization at a normal rate but do not initiate subsequent rounds of synthesis. Thus the protein biosynthesis factors are required for initiation but not elongation of RNA synthesis by Qβ replicase. Similar results are observed when this experiment is performed with enzyme lacking subunit I, indicating that the RNA polymerizing activity of the enzyme resides in the phage-coded polypeptide, subunit II. Guanosine tetraphosphate, a strong competitor of GTP binding by EF-Tu, inhibits initiation but not elongation by Qβ replicase on synthetic templates. However, the role of EF-T in the initiation of RNA synthesis on synthetic templates is not simply related to the functions it performs in protein biosynthesis. The aminoacyl-tRNA binding activity of EF Tu in the Qβ replicase complex can be inactivated by alkylating reagents without affecting replicase poly(U, G) polymerase activity. 5'-Guanylyl-β, γ-imidodiphosphate, an inhibitor of EF-Tu-catalyzed protein biosynthesis due to its resistance to cleavage to GDP, does not inhibit replicase activity although the compound is a competitor of GDP binding. The protein biosynthesis factors appear to play an essential role in maintaining the active conformation of the replicase enzyme complex. Catalytic activities of both EF-Tu and EFTs can be assayed when the factors are part of Qβ replicase, but the activities differ from those of the isolated factors in their sensitivity to ionic strength and dissociation by GDP.
Population Structure and Local Adaptation of MAC Lung Disease Agent Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis

Abstract Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is one of the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial species responsible for chronic lung disease in humans. Despite increasing worldwide incidence, little is known about the genetic mechanisms behind the population evolution of MAH. To elucidate the local adaptation mechanisms of MAH, we assessed genetic population structure, the mutual homologous recombination, and gene content for 36 global MAH isolates, including 12 Japanese isolates sequenced in the present study. We identified five major MAH lineages and found that extensive mutual homologous recombination occurs among them. Two lineages (MahEastAsia1 and MahEastAsia2) were predominant in the Japanese isolates. We identified alleles unique to these two East Asian lineages in the loci responsible for trehalose biosynthesis (treS and mak) and in one mammalian cell entry operon, which presumably originated from as yet undiscovered mycobacterial lineages. Several genes and alleles unique to East Asian strains were located in the fragments introduced via recombination between East Asian lineages, suggesting implication of recombination in local adaptation. These patterns of MAH genomes are consistent with the signature of distribution conjugative transfer, a mode of sexual reproduction reported for other mycobacterial species.
The Removal of Millers Point Public Housing Tenants in Inner-Sydney by the New South Wales Government: Narratives of Government and Tenants

Abstract In 2014, the New South Wales (NSW) government announced that it was to move all of the approximately 580 public housing tenants from Millers Point, Dawes Point and The Rocks in inner Sydney, sell the properties and use the proceeds to build social housing. This article, drawing on government media material and in-depth interviews with tenants, examines the removal process and contrasts the government’s narrative with that of the tenants. What is argued is that the displacement reflects how in the current neoliberal climate, instrumental rationality is a central feature, i.e. little cognisance is taken of the human cost of policies.
Modelling Investment Behaviour

Investment activity is undoubtedly a source of economic growth, well-being and economic stability. Over the years, various theoretical frameworks have been put forward in attempt to effectively explain variations in investment activity. The undertaken study by drawing on the theoretical consideration of accelerator and neo-classical models provides empirical evidence on their theoretical viability. In view of the evidence yielded both theoretical frameworks appear to be rather inconsistent, thus reinforcing the concern of those who propose alternative ways to explain investment activity.
Optimal Progressivity of Redistribution with Frictions to Knowledge Diffusion

Benabou (2002) strengthens the so-called Efficient Redistribution Hypothesis (ERH) by demonstrating how income redistribution can promote growth and welfare by mitigating economic waste from resource misallocation that is caused by credit market frictions to production, which is subject to diminishing returns. We ask how the presence of knowledge externality in private education technology and social frictions resisting knowledge diffusion changes the optimal progressivity. In the model, the distribution of human capital of the parent's generation determines the stock of nonrival knowledge through a process of diffusion which is subject to communication frictions. The output cost of inequality and the optimal progressivity increase with the degree of knowledge externality and hence with social returns to education, if and only if, frictions to diffusion outweigh frictions to production. If the inequality augmenting neighborhood effect of parental human capital is relatively large, compared to the inequality mitigating impact of the economy's stock of nonrival knowledge, then the ERH fails with low communication frictions. However, if frictions and social returns to education are large, irrespective of its local or global origin, then even with endogenous growth led by constant returns to capital, the ERH survives.
Comparative immunohistochemical study of Bcl-X in ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

Objectives: Since its recognition as a physiologic process associated with tumor, among molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression, defects in regulation of apoptosis have generated an accelerating volume of research that has sought to elucidate the role of programed cell death in pathogenesis and treatment of various tumors. Therefore, this study was performed to understand better the diverse biological profile of epithelial odontogenic tumors with the help of immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-X protein. Materials and Methods: We studied Bcl-X protein expression in 45 cases of epithelial odontogenic tumors which included 15 cases each of ameloblastomas, keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) and correlated the expression with their growth pattern. Results: Cytoplasmic staining of Bcl-X revealed overexpression in ameloblastoma when compared to KCOT and AOT. Percentage of positive cells showed a statistically significant difference, P = 0.007 between ameloblastoma and KCOT, whereas P < 0.001 between ameloblastoma and AOT. However, no significance was observed between KCOT and AOT (P = 0.132). Conclusion: The present study supports the fact that epithelial odontogenic tumors show diverse growth profiles. An increased Bcl-X expression was seen in ameloblastoma compared to KCOT and least expression in case of AOT which could be indicative of more aggressive biological behavior and increased cell survival activity of ameloblastoma than KCOT and AOT. This signifies the diagnostic relevance of this biomarker and also could be a possible regulator of the proliferative compartment by contributing in tumor progression and cytodifferentiation of epithelial odontogenic tumors.