Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women candidates and party nomination trends in India – evidence from the 2009 general election

More women MPs than ever before were elected to the lower house of the national parliament of India in the 2009 general election. Yet, the increase in women's presence in the Lok Sabha cannot necessarily be attributed to the increased willingness of political parties to field more women candidates, despite rhetorical party political support for increasing women's participation in political institutions. This article analyses party political nomination of women as candidates in the 2009 election, and finds significant variations in levels of nomination across parties and across India's states. The article also examines in detail the nomination of female candidates by the two largest political parties, the Indian National Congress party and the Bharatiya Janata Party, both of which support proposals for introducing reserved seats for women in national and state legislatures. The findings reject the proposition that parties only nominate women in unwinnable seats, but finds support for the proposition that parties are risk averse when it comes to nominating women, and that this can restrict the number of women nominated for election. The article concludes with some further questions for future research on gender and political recruitment in India.
Reconstructing Quaternary vegetation history in the Carpathian Basin, SE-Europe, using n-alkane biomarkers as molecular fossils

Seit einigen Jahren gibt es zunehmend Studien, die, basierend auf der Untersuchung von fossilen Holzkohlen und Schneckenschalen aus Loss-Palaoboden Sequenzen, die traditionelle Vorstellung von weitestgehend baumlosen Steppen im Karpaten-Becken wahrend der letzten Kaltzeit in Frage stellen. Mit unseren Arbeiten versuchen wir anhand von Biomarkern einen Beitrag zu dieser Diskussion zu leisten und herauszufinden, welches Potenzial in der Untersuchung von Alkan Biomarkern fur die Rekonstruktion der Vegetationsgeschichte wahrend der letzten glazialen Zyklen steckt. Kurzlich veroffentlichte erste Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass der Degradationsgrad der pflanzenburtigen organischen Substanz einen starken Einfluss auf das Alkanmuster in Boden hat und dass der in der Literatur haufig verwendete Alkanquotient nC31/nC27 kein reiner Vegetations-Proxy ist, sondern auch masgeblich die unterschiedliche Degradation widerspiegelt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit fuhren wir daher erstmals einen End Member Modellierungsansatz ein, bei dem der Degradationsgrad der organischen Bodensubstanz mit berucksichtig wird. Das Modell wird auf die Loess-Palaoboden Sequenz Crvenka auf dem Backa Loess Plateau (Serbien) zwischen Donau und Theiss angewendet. Die so fur den letzten Interglazial-Glazial-Zyklus rekonstruierte Vegetationsgeschichte bestatigt die Holzkohle- und Mollusken-Befunde und deutet auf Gras-Steppen wahrend des letzten Interglazials und -stadials hin (Marine Isotopenstadien (MIS) 5 bzw. 3). Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass Steppen wahrend des gesamten letzten glazialen Zyklus vorgeherrscht haben. Fur das letzte Interglazial und das Interstadial der Marinen Isotopen Stufe (MIS) 3 deuten die Biomarker Befunde auf reine Grassteppen hin. Dagegen pragten in den Glazialen vermutlich auch vereinzelte Baume das Landschaftsbild einer ‚Taiga-Steppe’. Die so rekonstruierte Vegetationsgeschichte steht im Einklang mit den Holzkohle- und Schneckenfunden, wie auch mit Ergebnissen von Klima- und Biom-Modellierungen.
PART II REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

This paper focuses attention on the process of regional branching in which new industries branch out of existing industries at the regional level. There is increasing evidence that the entry and growth of a new industry in a region depends on the local presence of industries to which it is technologically related. We explore how technological relatedness across industries may serve as underpinning for policy to stimulate regional branching. We claim that policy should take the industrial history of the region as a point of departure, and focus on spinoff activity, labour mobility and collaborative networks to connect technologically related industries at the regional level.
Effects of Exposure to Thin Media Images: Evidence of Self-Enhancement among Restrained Eaters

The effects of viewing media-portrayed idealized body images on eating, self-esteem, body image, and mood among restrained and unrestrained eaters were examined. Study 1 found that restrained eaters (i.e., dieters), but not unrestrained eaters, rated both their ideal and current body sizes as smaller and disinhibited their food intake following exposure to idealized body images. These results suggest that restrained eaters are susceptible to a “thin fantasy” brought about by viewing ideal body images. Study 2 found that strengthening thinness attainability beliefs can further enhance the thin fantasy demonstrated by restrained eaters following exposure to idealized body images. Study 3 examined whether demand characteristics moderate these effects of media-portrayed idealized body images. As predicted, when explicit demand characteristics were present, participants reported feeling worse following exposure to thin models. The complexities of the media’s role in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction and dieting behavior are discussed.
DeepAPP: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Mobile Application Usage Prediction

This paper aims to predict a set of apps a user will open on her mobile device in the next time slot. Such an information is essential for many smartphone operations, e.g., app pre-loading and content pre-caching, to improve user experience. However, it is hard to build an explicit model that accurately captures the complex environment context and predicts a set of apps at one time. This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning framework, named as DeepAPP, which learns a model-free predictive neural network from historical app usage data. Meanwhile, an online updating strategy is designed to adapt the predictive network to the time-varying app usage behavior. To transform DeepAPP into a practical deep reinforcement learning system, several challenges are addressed by developing a context representation method for complex contextual environment, a general agent for overcoming data sparsity and a lightweight personalized agent for minimizing the prediction time. Extensive experiments on a large-scale anonymized app usage dataset reveal that DeepAPP provides high accuracy (precision 70.6 percent and recall of 62.4 percent) and reduces the prediction time of the state-of-the-art by 6.58×. A field experiment of 29 participants demonstrates DeepAPP can effectively reduce launch time of apps.
Bacteriological Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Hens Eggs and their Environment in Selected Farms in Gaza Strip

Salmonellosis is one of the most common and widely distributed food-borne diseases. It constitutes a major public health burden and represents a significant cost in many countries. Poultry and eggs are considered as major sources for these pathogenic microorganisms. To investigate the occurrence of Salmonella in Gaza Strip, 596 samples (100 egg pools, 88 feed samples, 320 chicken excreta and cloacal swabs and 88 water samples) were collected from 12 poultry farms in Gaza strip. Sampling program was between January 2007 and December 2007. Samples were tested at the Public Health Laboratory of MOH in Gaza strip. Data were collected through direct interview and structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied on 12 poultry farms to evaluate the level of cleaning in certain farms, which contain a number of questions that were answered by farmer owners. The study showed that egg pools, feed samples and water samples were negative for Salmonella spp. , whereas one Salmonella spp. was isolated from chicken excreta pools from Khan-Younis poultry farms. The questionnaire results supported the findings of the study in terms of quasi-absence of infection with Salmonella. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Gaza investigating the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggs and environment in selected local egg production farms.
Implementation of Unplugged Teaching Activities to Foster Computational Thinking Skills in Primary School from a Gender Perspective

The participation of girls and women is fundamental in solving problems that the society demands. Currently, the figures indicate a deficit of female presence in the STEM context, which implies the loss of the talent of the female collective. The school, as the transforming axis of society, must generate actions that motivate, involve and generate commitment in girls and women, enhancing their engagement in the STEM context. This paper shows two unplugged activities taken from a serial of activities implemented with elementary students and families in a digital cultural center in Madrid-Spain. The implementation is based on general objectives such as 1. To introduce and motivate interest since an early age in computer programming, 2. To develop gender dynamics that educate on gender equity to strengthen female empowerment in the STEM area. Performing the example in the roles of female gender in science, as well as transforming stereotypes with the purpose of motivate girls and adult women, without excluding the male group. The activities also seek to train Computational Thinking skills, to introduce basic computer programming concepts as well as showing that unplugged activities are important in teaching computer programming, and integrate women into the STEM area, as an important tool to reduce gender gaps. Based on our informal observations, some results were: involvement of the female collective in the construction of codes, improvement in the dynamics of gender equity in each activity and that the girls created more complex codes than males.
Effect of cytokinins on shoot multiplication in three elite sugarcane varieties

Studies were carried out for rapid micropropagation of three elite sugarcane varieties i.e., HSF-240, CP-77-400 and CPF-237. The explants were surface sterilized with 50% clorox for 30 minutes. The cultures were initiated by inoculating them on MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) medium containing 1.0 mg/l Kin along with 0.1 mg/l GA3. Multiplication of the cultures was obtained by using BAP and Kin in various combinations and concentrations in MS medium. The optimum multiplication for variety HSF-240 was obtained at 1.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l Kin with 16.5 cm shoot length, 11 number of tillers and 32 number of leaves per plant. Similarly optimum multiplication for variety CP-77-400 was obtained at 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l Kin, with a maximum of 8.5 cm shoot length, 7 number of tillers and 24 number of leaves. Best multiplication rate for variety CPF-237 was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l Kin with a maximum of 12 cm shoot length, 6 number of tillers and 18 leaves per plant. Rooting of the plantlets was obtained on half strength MS medium containing 6% sucrose and various concentrations of IBA.
STATE DEPENDENCE, UNOBSERVED HETEROGENEITY, AND HEALTH DYNAMICS IN KOREA

This paperinvestigates the determinants of individual health and its dynamics using the Korea Laborand Income Panel Study. The paperexamines how state dependence, unobserved heterogeneity, and observed heterogeneity jointly affect overall health evolution. For this, a dynamic random effects ordered probit model with a simple solution to the initial conditions problem is estimated and the estimation results show that health dynamics in Korea are characterized by significant positive state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. The explanatory power of many socioeconomic variables disappears if state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity are controlled for. Two robustness checks with respect to attrition bias and reporting reliability further validate these empirical results.
Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of mechanical stellar feedback in a sheet-like molecular cloud

We have used the adaptive-mesh-refinement hydrodynamic code, mg, to perform 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations with self-gravity of stellar feedback in a sheet-like molecular cloud formed through the action of the thermal instability. We simulate the interaction of the mechanical energy input from a 15 star and a 40 M⊙ star into a 100 pc-diameter 17 000 M⊙ cloud with a corrugated sheet morphology that in projection appears filamentary. The stellar winds are introduced using appropriate Geneva stellar evolution models. In the 15 M⊙ star case, the wind forms a narrow bipolar cavity with minimal effect on the parent cloud. In the 40 M⊙ star case, the more powerful stellar wind creates a large cylindrical cavity through the centre of the cloud. After 12.5 and 4.97 Myr, respectively, the massive stars explode as supernovae (SNe). In the 15 M⊙ star case, the SN material and energy is primarily deposited into the molecular cloud surroundings over ∼10^5 yr before the SN remnant escapes the cloud. In the 40 M⊙ star case, a significant fraction of the SN material and energy rapidly escapes the molecular cloud along the wind cavity in a few tens of kiloyears. Both SN events compress the molecular cloud material around them to higher densities (so may trigger further star formation), and strengthen the magnetic field, typically by factors of 2–3 but up to a factor of 10. Our simulations are relevant to observations of bubbles in flattened ring-like molecular clouds and bipolar Hii regions.
1 Protein sequences The sequences of both human GPX 4 isoforms ( Uniprot identifiers : lGPX 4

The lipid peroxide scavenger enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and its cofactor glutathione play a crucial role in the recently described programmed cell death, ferroptosis. Since mitochondria are the major sources of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells the linkage between mitochondria, mitochondrial ROS generation and ferroptosis emerged quite early. As a result of alternative splicing human GPX4 has three different isoforms: long form (lGPX4), short form (sGPX4) and nuclear form (nGPX4) of which sGPX4 was found essential. To clarify the potential role of mitochondria in ferroptosis the localization of both the long and short versions of GPX4 and the only verified glutathione transport protein SLC25A11 was investigated by different in silico tools. Targeting of lGPX4 and sGPX4 to multiple organelles is possible as a number of ruleand neural network-based algorithms showed concordant results to specific pathways. Hence the mitochondrial localization of both isoforms on the base of in silico prediction is possible. Since sGPX4 was found in multiple organelles and non-canonical import pathways are presumable we also evaluated the previously used in silico methods in predicting the localization of a chimeric signal containing peptide CYP2B1 as well as a solely mitochondrial targeted CYP27A1. Our in silico results showed that only the CELLO prediction tool ranked mitochondrial import with meaningful possibility based on neighboring sequence composition. Summarily the possible mitochondrial localization of both long and short isoforms of GPX4 and the glutathione transporter SLC25A11 support the assumption that mitochondria play an important role in the pathways leading to ferroptosis.
The causative factors of Bangladesh's exports: evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis

The paper firstly notes a theoretical justification for using the gravity model in the analysis of bilateral trade under either perfectly competitive or monopolistic market structure. It then applies a generalized gravity model to analyze Bangladesh’s export trade pattern using the panel data estimation technique. The estimated results reveal that the main contributors of the Bangladesh’s exports are the exchange rate, partner countries’ total import demand, openness of Bangladesh economy and multilateral resistance factors. All affects the country’s exports positively. Transportation costs affect Bangladesh’s exports negatively. The country specific effects show that neighbouring countries’ influence on Bangladesh’s exports is more than the influence of other distant countries.
Three-dimensional kinematics of the jaws and hyoid during feeding in white-spotted bamboo sharks

Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) use a distinct set of cartilaginous endochondral elements to capture and process prey using suction or bite mechanisms. In contrast, teleost use a complex linkage of dermal and endochondral bones to capture prey whether by suction or biting. This difference in complexity has, in part, enabled teleosts to radiate into a variety of different feeding styles where the jaw and hyoid arches are linked and function as a unit. However, elasmobranchs have decoupled depression of the lower jaw from depression of the hyoid arch and expand the buccal cavity using a different mechanism than teleosts. White-spotted bamboo sharks, Chiloscyllium plagiosum, are trophic generalists that use suction and crushing behaviors to take a wide variety of prey items. This study reconstructs the threedimensional kinematics of the mandibular and hyoid arches during suction food capture in three bamboo sharks using X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM). In this method, two biplanar high-speed x-ray video cameras are used to record skeletal motions during feeding strikes, after which tracking data is applied to animate CT scans, from which kinematic data are compared to hypotheses regarding the feeding mechanism. This research reveals that the mandibular and hyoid arches of bamboo sharks move in previously unsuspected ways when feeding. The hyomandibular cartilage swings backward and downward up to 58° while the ceratohyal simultaneously swings backward and downward up to 66° while suction feeding. At the same time, both cartilages undergo long-axis rotation up to 50°. : the dorsal surface of the hyomandibula rotates rostrally while the dorsal surface of the ceratohyal rotates caudally. The lower jaw supinates as the mouth opens and pronates past resting position as the jaws close. The upper jaw mirrors this motion, pronating as the mouth opens and supinating as the mouth closes. The extra degrees of rotation in the hyoid arch elements may explain the remarkable variation in feeding performance of bamboo sharks. This variation in motion of hyoid motions is achieved without limiting expansion of the oral cavity, which could comprise suction generation. Long-axis rotation of the jaws may function to enhance grasping of prey by exposing more tooth rows to the prey when feeding, while otherwise maintaining a more hydrodynamic profile. The additional motions and mechanisms of the jaws and hyoid during feeding may provide bamboo sharks with an adaptation to take to a wide variety of prey items despite specializations for suction feeding.
Sagebrush identification, ecology, and palatability relative to sage-grouse

Basic identification keys and comparison tables for 23 low and big sagebrush (Artemisia) taxa are presented. Differences in sagebrush ecology, soil temperature regimes, geographic range, palatability, mineralogy, and chemistry are discussed. Coumarin, a chemical produced in the glands of some Artemisia species, causes UV-light fluorescence of the leaves. Coumarin-containing taxa, such as mountain, xeric, subalpine big, subalpine early, black, and low sagebrush, each fluoresce a bright bluish-white color. These taxa are also the most palatable. A table of UV-light fluorescence of 20 sagebrush taxa in water solution is provided. How plant chemicals, such as coumarin and methacrolein and their seasonal variation, relate to palatability and animal preference is discussed in terms of sage-grouse. Restoration guidelines for some sagebrush taxa are also presented.
Different growth patterns of Picea schrenkiana subsp. tianshanica (Rupr.) Bykov and Juglans regia L. coexisting under the same ecological conditions in the Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve in Kyrgyzstan

The main aim of the study was to compare the radial growth of Persian walnut and Schrenk spruce trees growing under the same ecological conditions in the Sary-Chelek range of the Tien-Shan Mountains, as well as to analyse the response of these species to the selected climate factors in line with the altitude gradient. Four study plots were established at the altitude of 1350, 1400, 1450 and 1500 m a.s. l. Results indicated that (1) walnut and spruce in the Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve have different patterns of radial increment and reaction to climate factors, despite growing in the same habitat, (2) spruce radial growth responded to low precipitation and low temperature during the April to September period of the previous year; (3) walnut radial increment patterns varied significantly with changes in altitude, whereas spruce patterns did not; and (4) walnut radial increment patterns responded positively to high temperature during contemporary growing season and to precipitation during the prior growing season. In addition, it was noted that precipitation during the contemporary growing season could negatively influence growth. Additional key words: dendroecology, Kyrgyzstan, Persian walnut, Schrenk spruce, Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve Addresses: M. Magnuszewski, S. Bijak, M. Zasada, K. Bronisz, A. Bronisz, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Forestry, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: michal.magnuszewski@gmail.com † A. Orozumbekow, K. Musuraliev, K.I. Skryabin Kyrgyz National Agrarian University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, e-mail: kakulya1@bk.ru B. Howe, Southern Adventist University, Collegedale, Tennessee, USA, e-mail: howebarry@gmail.com 12 Michał Magnuszewski et al.
Doing good by doing nothing? The role of social norms in explaining default effects in altruistic contexts

We explore whether the known preference for default options in choice contexts—default effects—occur in altruistic contexts and the extent to which this can be explained through appeal to social norms. In four experiments, we found that (i) participants were more likely to donate money to charity when this was the default option in an altruistic choice context; (ii) participants perceived the default option to be the socially normative option; (iii) perceptions of social norms mediated the relationship between default status and charitable donations; and (iv) a transfer effect, whereby participants translated social norms they inferred from the default option in one domain into behavior in a second, related domain. Theoretically, our analysis situates default effects within a comprehensive body of social psychological research concerning social norms and the attitude-behavior relationship, providing novel empirical predictions. Practically, these findings highlight that the way donation policies are framed can have an important impact on donation behavior: in our third study, we found that 81% donated half of their earnings for taking part in the experiment to charity when this was the default option, compared with only 19% when keeping the money was the default. Our work suggests that making use of default effects could be an effective tool to increase altruistic behavior without compromising freedom. © 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
modeled for TM polarization by using two capacitors to account for the evanescent fields on the surfaces of the structure and a transmission line to account for the TEM mode

A circuit model is proposed for periodic onedimensional array of metallic strips in the sub-wavelength regime. The parameters of the proposed circuit and their dependence on frequency are all explicitly given by closed form expressions. The necessity of using numerical simulation to extract model parameters is thus sidestepped. It is demonstrated that the proposed model is valid at different incident angles and for arbitrary surrounding mediums given that there is only one propagating diffracted order outside the grating and only one guided mode supported by the slits. Both major polarizations are studied in this paper.