Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nodular fasciitis of soft tissue over the mandible

Nodular fasciitis (NF) is an unusual, benign condition which can mimic more sinister, sarcomatous lesions both clinically and histologically. This case report presents a 35-year-old male, with a rapidly growing mass on the border of his left mandible, referred to a specialist head and neck unit. The initial presentation, radiology and cytology were initially inconclusive and the possibility of a malignant process was considered. Final histology was that of NF, the treatment of which is complete surgical excision. Therefore, NF is an important differential to consider when assessing similar clinical presentations, as highlighted in this case report.
Immunomagnetic Separation Significantly Improves the Sensitivity of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Detecting Giavdia Duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in Dairy Cattle

The effectiveness of molecular methods for the detection of species of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples is often reduced by low or intermittent cyst and oocyst shedding, and/or the presence of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. The present study investigates the use of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) as an additional concentration step before PCR in the detection of these common protozoan parasites in dairy cattle. The IMS-PCR assays were optimized for amplifying fragments of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), β-giardin, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes of Giardia duodenalis, as well as fragments of the 18S rRNA, heat shock protein (HSP)-70, and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) genes of Cryptosporidium spp. In all cases, IMS-PCR was more sensitive than PCR alone. A significantly greater number of Giardia–positive samples were identified using IMS-PCR of the 16S rRNA gene (P < 0.01) and of the GDH gene (P < 0.01), as compared with PCR without any additional concentration step. In the case of Cryptosporidium, IMS-PCR of the COWP gene (P = 0.02) resulted in a significantly greater number of positives than did PCR without the IMS concentration step. The greatest number of positives, however, was obtained using IMS-PCR to amplify a portion of the 16S rRNA gene of Giardia and a portion of the HSP-70 gene of Cryptosporidium. A further comparison of the optimized IMS-PCR assays to immunofluorescence microscopy suggested that the IMS-PCR assays were considerably more sensitive than microscopy was in the detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples.
Factors affecting reproductive hormones in HIV-infected, substance-using middle-aged women

Objective:To determine whether reproductive hormone levels are affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and drug use. Design:HIV-infected and uninfected women (N = 429), median age 45, were interviewed on menstrual frequency, demographic and psychosocial characteristics, and drug use behaviors. Serum was obtained on cycle days 1 to 5 in women reporting regular menses. Premenopausal-, early menopausal, and late menopausal transition and postmenopausal stages were assigned based on menstrual history. Serum was assayed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and inhibin B. Body mass index, HIV serostatus, and CD4+ counts were measured. Factors associated with hormone concentrations were assessed using uni- and multivariable analyses. Hormone concentrations were compared within menstrual status categories using nonparametric comparisons of means. Results:In this cross-sectional analysis, LH and FSH increased, and E2 and inhibin B were significantly lower in women of older age and more advanced menopausal status. Increased body mass index was strongly associated with decreased LH. Opiate use was significantly associated with lower inhibin B and E2 and increased prolactin. Poorer self-rated health was statistically significantly associated with lower LH and FSH, but increased education was associated with higher LH and FSH. Among HIV-seropositive women, opiate users had detectably lower FSH and LH than nonusers, and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy was significantly related to higher LH, FSH, and E2, whereas cocaine use was associated with lower E2. Conclusions:Age and menopausal status are strongly related to reproductive hormones. Body mass index and use of opiates, cocaine, and highly active antiretroviral therapy as well as educational attainment and perceived health can significantly modify reproductive hormones during the menopausal transition and need to be considered when interpreting hormone levels in middle-aged women.
CONSORT Randomized Clinical Trial Anesthetic Efficacy of Four Percent Articaine for Pulpal Anesthesia by Using Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Buccal Infiltration Techniques in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis : A Prospective Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

Introduction: The study was designed as a randomized double-blind trial to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and infiltration anesthetic techniques to anesthetize mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. Methods: The study was composed of 2 test arms and 1 control arm. Subjects in the test arms received either a standard IANB or a buccal infiltration (B Infil) of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, whereas the subjects in the control arm received a standard IANB of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Subject’s self-reported pain response was recorded on Heft Parker Visual Analogue Scale after local anesthetic administration during access preparation and pulp extirpation. Results: For statistical analysis Pearson c, Student’s paired t test, 1-way analysis of variance, and Friedman tests showed no significant difference in success rates among the 3 arms of the trial. Conclusions: Although B Infil and IANB of 4% articaine were equally effective, B Infil can be considered a viable alterative in IANB for pulpal anesthesia in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. (J Endod 2011;37:1603–1607)
Expression of tumor markers on breast and ovarian cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND Breast and ovarian tumor cell lines with defined tumor-associated antigens could serve as allogeneic antigen-sources for the biological therapy of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight breast and 3 ovarian cancer cell lines were stained for the antigens in question by immunohistochemistry. Antigen-expression was graded in 5 steps by light microscopic examination. RESULTS All cell lines with the exception of PA-1 expressed EMA. Only MCF-7 was CEA-positive. MUC-1 was found in all cell lines apart from MDA-MB and SK-OV3. The highest expression of Her-2/neu was found in ZR-75/1 and SK-OV3. A491D and PA1 cells were CD19-negative, all other lines were positive. Only A491D and BT-20 had p53 accumulation. PR was found in 5 cell lines and ER in 6 cell lines. CONCLUSION The cell lines investigated express a different pattern of tumor markers. In consequence, a careful examination should be performed in order to find the "best fitting" cell line to a patient's tumor for a tumor-vaccine.
Observational and genetic plasma YKL‐40 and cancer in 96,099 individuals from the general population

Plasma YKL‐40 is high in patients with cancer and in individuals who later develop cancer. Whether YKL‐40 is only a marker or indeed a cause of cancer is presently unknown. We tested the hypothesis that observationally and genetically, high plasma YKL‐40 is associated with high risk of cancer. For this purpose, we performed cohort and Mendelian randomization studies in 96,099 individuals from the Danish general population. Plasma levels of YKL‐40 were measured in 21,643 and CHI3L1 rs4950928 was genotyped in 94,568 individuals. From 1943 through 2011, 2,291 individuals developed gastrointestinal cancer, 913 developed lung cancer, 2,863 women developed breast cancer, 1,557 men developed prostate cancer and 5,146 individuals developed other cancer. Follow‐up was 100% complete. Multifactorially and CRP adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for gastrointestinal cancer was 1.82 (95%CI, 1.16–2.86) for 96–100% versus 0–33% YKL‐40 percentile category. Corresponding HR were 1.71 (0.95–3.07) for lung cancer, but insignificant for breast cancer, prostate cancer and other cancers. CHI3L1 rs4950928 genotype was associated with plasmaYKL‐40 levels, but not with risk of any cancer category. For gastrointestinal cancer, a doubling in YKL‐40 was associated with a multifactorially and CRP adjusted observational HR of 1.14(1.05–1.23) for gastrointestinal cancer, but a corresponding genetic odds ratio of 1.06(0.94–1.18). For lung cancer, corresponding risk estimates were 1.11(1.00–1.22) observationally and 1.01(0.84–1.20) genetically. For other cancer categories, observational and genetic findings were insignificant. This study shows that high plasma YKL‐40 levels were associated with high risk of gastrointestinal and likely of lung cancer, but genetic high levels were not.
Children's and Adults’ Processing of Anomaly and Implausibility during Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements

The eye movements of 24 children and 24 adults were monitored to compare how they read sentences containing plausible, implausible, and anomalous thematic relations. In the implausible condition the incongruity occurred due to the incompatibility of two objects involved in the event denoted by the main verb. In the anomalous condition the direct object of the verb was not a possible verb argument. Adults exhibited immediate disruption with the anomalous sentences as compared to the implausible sentences as indexed by longer gaze durations on the target word. Children exhibited the same pattern of effects as adults as far as the anomalous sentences were concerned, but exhibited delayed effects of implausibility. These data indicate that while children and adults are alike in their basic thematic assignment processes during reading, children may be delayed in the efficiency with which they are able to integrate pragmatic and real-world knowledge into their discourse representation.
Maximum Entropy and the Nearly Black Object

SUMMARY Maximum entropy (ME) inversion is a non-linear inversion technique for inverse problems where the object to be recovered is known to be positive. It has been applied in areas ranging from radio astronomy to various forms of spectroscopy, sometimes with dramatic success. In some cases, ME has attained an order of magnitude finer resolution and/or an order of magnitude smaller noise level than that obtainable by standard linear methods. The dramatic successes all seem to occur in cases where the object to be recovered is 'nearly black': essentially zero in the vast majority of samples. We show that near-blackness is required, both for signal-to-noise enhancements and for superresolution. However, other methods-in particular, minimum /1-norm reconstruction-may exploit near-blackness to an even greater extent.
Interaction of coping styles and psychological stress on anxious and depressive symptoms in Chinese breast cancer patients.

PURPOSE This study aimed to assess possible interactive effects of coping styles and psychological stress on depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women shortly after diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS Four hundred and one patients with breast cancer were face-to-face interviewed by trained research staff according to a standardized questionnaire including information on socio-demographic characteristics, psychological stress, coping styles, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Interactive effects were assessed by hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS There were significant associations of the four domains of psychological stress with anxiety and depressive symptoms except for the relationship between "worrying about health being harmed" and depressive symptoms. "Abreaction coping behavior" and "escaping coping behavior" significantly increased the level of both anxiety and depressive symptoms; whereas an "active coping style" resulted in significant decrease. The interaction of "active coping behavior" with "worrying about health being harmed" significantly increased the risk of the anxiety symptoms, while adopting "self-relaxing coping behavior" was associated with significant decrease. The interaction of "worry about daily life and social relationship being restricted" with "escaping coping behavior" significantly increased the risk of the depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that certain coping styles might moderate the association of psychological stress with anxiety and depressive symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer.
Stuck between Surplus and Shortage: Demand for Skills in the Russian Industry

In order to remain competitive, firms need to keep the quantity and composition of jobs close to the optimal for their given output. Since the beginning of the transition period, Russian industrial firms have been widely reporting that the quantity and composition of hired labor is far from being close to optimal. This paper discusses what kinds of firms in the Russian manufacturing sector are not able to optimize their employment and why. Do they suffer from a labor shortage induced by rapid growth, or are they still struggling with employment overhang? What are the occupations and skills in which there is a supposed surplus or shortage? What factors affect the probability that a firm will report non-optimal employment and be unable to solve this difficulty? Where is the labor excess/shortage concentrated and what makes it persistent? Finally, we discuss the costs of non-optimal employment. The analysis presented in this article is based on the data from a large-scale survey of Russian manufacturing firms.
Chlordiazepoxide and the Moderation of the Initial Response to Reward Reduction

The effectiveness of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) in reducing negative contrast on the first day after a shift from 32% to 4% sucrose was investigated in four experiments using rats. Previous studies indicated that CDP was effective on the second, but not on the first postshift day. In Experiments 1 and 1a, neither initial experience (3 or 10 days) with the eventual postshift 4% solution (i.e. 4%, then 32%, then 4%), nor initial experience with alternating 4% and 32% sucrose, led to a reliable contrast-reducing effect of CDP on the first shift day. Evidence from Experiments 2 and 3 suggested that a range of doses of CDP (3, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) did not have reliable effects on the first postshift day, although the two lower doses did reduce contrast on the second postshift day (the higher doses were not administered on Day 2). The evidence suggests that the relative ineffectiveness of CDP in moderating the initial response to reward reduction is not related to a problem of recognizing the difference between the postshift solution and the memory of the preshift solution. Alternative interpretations in which CDP's lack of effect on the initial occurrence of contrast is related to an initial stage of unconditioned frustration and/or exploratory behaviour are considered.
The action of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid on mouse spinal neurones in culture.

Neurones from the ventral half of mouse embryo spinal cord were grown in dissociated culture and voltage clamped. The current‐voltage relation of responses evoked by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA), L‐glutamic acid and kainic acid was recorded in media of different ionic composition. On removal of Mg2+ from the extracellular solution, responses to NMDA and L‐glutamate became less voltage sensitive, such that NMDA responses were no longer associated with a region of negative slope conductance. The antagonism of NMDA responses produced by application of Mg2+ to neurones bathed in nominally Mg2+‐free solutions shows voltage dependence and uncompetitive kinetics. Voltage‐jump experiments showed that the voltage‐dependent action of Mg2+ occurred rapidly, and with complex kinetics. Ni2+ and Cd2+, two potent blockers of calcium currents in spinal cord neurones, had significantly different potencies as NMDA antagonists, Ni2+ being of greater potency than Mg2+, and Cd2+ considerably weaker. The voltage‐dependent block of NMDA responses produced by physiological concentrations of Mg2+ is sufficient to explain the apparent increase in membrane resistance produced by NMDA in current‐clamp experiments, and the ability of NMDA to support repetitive firing. Substitution of choline for Na+ produced a hyperpolarizing shift in the reversal potential for responses evoked by kainic acid consistent with an increase in permeability to Na+ and K+. In choline‐substituted solutions, the reversal potential of NMDA responses was more positive than that recorded for kainic acid, and in addition NMDA responses showed enhanced desensitization.
Localization of candidate genomic regions influencing paradoxical sleep in mice

QUANTITATIVE trait loci (QTL) approach was used in CXB recombinant inbred mice for preliminary identification of candidate regions on the mouse genome that influence sleep. The only provisional QTLs identified were associated with paradoxical sleep (PS). PS during the light period was associated with markers on chromosome 7 between 7 and 20 centimorgan from the centromere. For PS during the dark period, a single QTL was identified on chromosome 5, near the Clock gene. The 24 h amount of PS was influenced by markers on chromosomes 2, 17, and 19. This first QTL mapping study strongly suggests that a complex behaviour like PS can be controlled by only a few genes.
Understanding the Relation Between Network Quality of Service and the Usability of Distributed Multimedia Documents

Network quality of service, as manifest in the delays users experience, effects both user perceptions and performance. Unfortunately, existing research on the usability of network-based documents and applications does not always adequately address the issue of network delays. In this article, we assert that researchers must document, and should consider manipulating, the delays users experience during studies exploring the usability of network-based computing systems. This article provides an overview of the factors that contribute to the delays users experience and the issues involved in modeling these delays. It also provides advice on how delays should be documented and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques available for integrating delays into usability studies and controlled experiments. The existing literature reports numerous inconsistent results, which may be due to different experimental designs, participants, tasks, independent variables, and dependent variables. Therefore, this article concludes by outlining the experimental design considerations that must be considered as the relation between network quality of service and the usability of network-based computing systems is investigated. The result is a framework that will guide future research and allow more effective comparisons of the results of that research.
Meta-analysis of a polymorphic surface glycoprotein of the parasitic protozoa Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis

SUMMARY Due to its extensive polymorphism, a partial sequence of the Cryptosporidium surface glycoprotein gene gp60 has been frequently used as a genetic marker. I explored the global diversity of this protein, and compared its sequence diversity in Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. In marked contrast to the geographical partition of C. parvum and C. hominis multi-locus genotypes, gp60 allelic groups showed no evidence of segregating in space, or of differing with respect to geographical diversity. Globally, genetic diversity of C. hominis gp60 exceeded that of C. parvum. Within C. parvum, gp60 alleles originating from human isolates were more diverse than those infecting ruminants. Phylogenetic analysis grouped gp60 sequences into a small number of relatively homogenous allelic groups, with only a small number of alleles having evolved independently. With the notable exception of a group of alleles restricted to humans, C. parvum alleles are found in ruminants and humans.
High-tone electric muscles stimulation of thigh augments the impaired penile blood flow of diabetic patients without improving symptoms of erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major complication in diabetes mellitus. A novel method, high-tone external muscle stimulation (HTEMS), has been proven to be useful in the therapy of diabetic and uremic peripheral polyneuropathy. The aim of this study was to test the potential effect of HTEMS on ED in diabetic patients. DESIGN An open-label, self-controlled interventional prospective study was conducted at the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and N.C. University of Pécs, Hungary. Six Type 2 diabetic patients (mean age 59 ± 7 years) with severe ED (International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score: 7.7 ± 8.5) and impaired renal function (eGFR: 61 ± 16 ml/min) were involved. INTERVENTION The thigh muscles of the patients were treated with HTEMS for 1 h 3 times per week for a duration of 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Penile peak systolic velocity (PSV) (in the flaccid state and semi-rigid (after 10 mg intracavernous papaverine injection)), IIEF score, quality of life and laboratory parameters. At the beginning also the acute effect of HTEMS on penile PSV was investigated. RESULTS Under basal conditions penile PSV was rather low. The first HTEMS session of the thighs induced an insignificant increase of PSV in the flaccid state (4.1 ± 1.2 to 6.3 ± 3.3 cm/s) and a significant rise of PSV in the semi-rigid penis (from 6.5 ± 2.5 to 8.9 ± 2.2 cm/s (p = 0.009)). After 4 weeks of HTEMS treatment, under basal conditions no significant change of penile PSV (flaccid and semirigid) was observed. Similarly, IIEF score did not improve over the time period (7.7 ± 8.1 vs. 6.7 ± 8.5, p > 0.05). Also, metabolic parameters and eGFR were not influenced. CONCLUSION In a pilot study of diabetic patients with severe ED HTEMS of the thighs induced an acute rise of penile PSV in the semi-rigid state. However, after 4 weeks of HTEMS therapy the basal PSV and symptoms of ED were not improved.
Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 3A by Clarithromycin Uniformly Affects the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oxycodone in Young and Elderly Volunteers

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxycodone in young and elderly subjects. Ten young and 10 elderly healthy subjects participated in this placebo-controlled, randomized, 2-phase crossover study. Subjects took clarithromycin 500 mg or placebo twice daily for 5 days. On day 4, subjects ingested an oral dose of 10 mg oxycodone. Plasma concentrations of oxycodone and its oxidative metabolites were measured for 48 hours, and pharmacological response for 12 hours. Clarithromycin decreased the apparent clearance of oxycodone by 53% in young and 48% in elderly subjects (P < 0.001) and prolonged its elimination half-life. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of oxycodone was increased by 2.0-fold (range, 1.3-fold to 2.7-fold) (P < 0.001) in young and 2.3-fold (range, 1.1-fold to 3.8-fold) (P < 0.001) in elderly subjects. The formation of noroxycodone was decreased by 74% in young and 71% in elderly subjects (P < 0.001). The ratio of AUC0-∞ of oxycodone during the clarithromycin phase compared with the one with placebo did not differ between the age groups. Clarithromycin did not alter the pharmacological response to oxycodone. Clarithromycin increased the exposure to oral oxycodone, but the magnitude of this effect was not age related. Although the pharmacological response to oxycodone was not significantly influenced by clarithromycin, dose reductions may be necessary in the most sensitive patients to avoid adverse effects when oxycodone is used concomitantly with clarithromycin.