Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Disease Characteristics of People With Multiple Sclerosis Living in Urban and Rural Areas

This study compares demographic and disease-related characteristics of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in urban and rural areas. The data analyzed for this study were collected from a survey of 1518 people with MS living throughout the United States from October 2004 through January 2005. We found significant urban-rural differences in various MS characteristics, including type of MS. A significantly larger proportion of people with MS in remote rural areas than their urban counterparts responded that they had primary progressive MS. People with MS in rural areas were significantly more likely than those in urban areas to report that MS symptoms interfered with their independence. A significantly larger proportion of people with MS in remote rural areas than in urban areas were not receiving disease-modifying medications. Our results suggest that MS disease expression varies across urban-rural gradients. Although the findings are not definitive, we hope that other investigative groups will buil.
Profile of Patients with Dual Diagnosis: Experience from an Integrated DualDiagnosis Clinic in North India

Dual diagnosis is the co-occurrence of substance use disorder and other psychiatric disorder. Till date the existence of integrated dual diagnosis clinic (DDC) in India is not known. The Drug De-addiction and treatment centre of our hospital has initiated one of the first such clinics in India in October, 2009. In a retrospective chart-based review of consecutive patients over 28 months from August 2011 till December 2013, 287 case files of clinically confirmed dual diagnosis cases (representing 15% of all substance use disorder cases registered in our drug treatment centre) were analyzed. Mood disorders were the commonest psychiatric diagnosis (141, 49.1%), followed by psychotic disorders (65, 22.6%), anxiety and stress related disorders (58, 20.2%), organic disorders (6, 2%) and other mental disorders (22, 7.7%). Alcohol, opioid and cannabis were the common substances used. These preliminary data provide an overview of the profile of patients with dual diagnosis in a substance use treatment centre in north India. This should help in planning and delivering adequate and optimal services for this group of patients.
Effect of Maturity Days on Shelf Life and Quality of Mango cv. Kesar

The experiment was carried out to standardize maturity days for harvesting of Kesar mango. The study was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) having six different maturity days (T1: 86–90 days, T2: 91–95 days, T3: 96–100 days, T4: 101–105 days, T5: 106–111 days and T6: 111–115 days) with four repetition. The Kesar mango harvested at 106–110 days after fruit set was found to be the best treatment for extending shelf life and quality attributesup to 21 days. Kesar variety harvested at 106–110 days after fruit set had recorded maximum marketable fruits, fruit firmness and less physiological loss in weight and spoilage as compared to rest of the maturity periods at the end of storage periods. Further, Kesar variety harvested late at 111–115 days after fruit set found superior in all quality parameters up to 18 days as compared to early harvested fruits.
A study of the changes to Sri Lankan pre-service teachers' knowledge about teaching during their student teaching period

This study investigated how a group of Sri Lankan pre-service teachers changed their understanding of effective teaching during the twenty days student teaching (student teaching) period of their teacher preparation program. In order to explore changes in their understanding across this period, two methods were combined: concept maps and structured interviews. The study involved twelve student teachers preparing for teaching in secondary mathematics and science as participants. The student teachers were asked to draw concept maps of effective teaching three times: prior to beginning their student teaching period, in the middle of student teaching, and at end of the student teaching period. Half of the participants received their previous maps before developed their second and third concept maps; the other half drew their maps without reference to previous maps. Shortly after they drew their concept maps, participants were interviewed at these three stages. These interviews were audio recorded. Data were triangulated from concepts maps and interviews. Based on these data, multiple case studies were developed. Using qualitative analysis, these case studies were used to identify the changes in the student teachers’ understanding about teaching and the factors that influenced these alternations. The results of the case studies were used to interpret patterns of change in participants’ understanding about effective teaching. The prominent change across the maps was that over the time the participants’ views of effective teaching had broadened significantly. The simple constructions of their first and second maps had become much more complex, with more concepts, more levels and more cross links. In their interviews, the student teachers provided some possible explanations for the changes, including the nature of their school experience, the support provided by workshops at their college and own their own reflections. On the basis of the these findings the study makes several recommendations for developing Sri Lankan teacher preparation and some directions for further research.
Cancer‐related fatigue

Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) has been documented as 1 of the most distressing symptoms reported by breast cancer survivors. CRF affects functioning and impacts quality of life. Possible causal factors include physical conditions, affective and cognitive states, proinflammatory cytokines, and metabolic factors. Several common problems are associated with CRF in women with breast cancer, including treatment side effects, obesity, arm/upper quadrant symptoms, sleep disturbances, psychological effects, and comorbid conditions. In this article, the authors review the state of the knowledge regarding these issues and nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for CRF. Physical activity and psychosocial interventions are recommended for practice. Numerous limitations of past studies need to be considered in the design of future studies. CRF is prevalent in preoperative, postoperative, and ongoing surveillance phases. Throughout the continuum of care for women with breast cancer, clinicians must screen, further assess as indicated, and treat CRF, because it is associated with emotional distress and limits function and willingness to exercise. Cancer 2012;118(8 suppl):. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Drug use among the young homeless: coping through self-medication

Research has shown that illicit drug use is now a common feature of homelessness. A main aim of the study was to examine the role that drugs played in the lives of young homeless people. Two hundred young homeless drug users (aged 14–25 years) were interviewed. Respondents reported a variety of health problems. Respiratory infections, aching limbs and weight loss were the most common, but of greater concern was mental health and 82% reported psychological symptoms: depression, sometimes severe and often chronic, anxiety and aggression. A very high proportion (43%) had attempted suicide, mostly through drug overdose. Three-quarters of the sample said they used drugs to self-medicate their symptoms. Drug use is one form of stress management that is widely adopted by many people, whether homeless or not, but the particular nature of the stressors endemic in the homeless lifestyle leads to a much increased vulnerability to such selfmedication when other coping strategies fail.
Academic Achievement and Emotional Intelligence among Undergraduate Nursing Students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The concept of emotional intelligence and its effect on critical thinking and educational, professional, and health issues have come into interest. On the other hand, based on studies conducted in this regard, emotional intelligence is found to be positively associated with positive attitudes, better adaptation, improvement in relationship with others and better awareness of positive values. Accordingly, this study was performed to Comparison of academic achievement and emotional intelligence among nursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This analytic sectional descriptive study was conducted in year 2009 in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Study population included all nursing students of sixth semester (both day and night students and N=100). The emotional intelligence questionnaire by Bar et al was used to determine the level of emotional intelligence among the students. Students’ academic achievement was derived based on their scores on previous final examinations recoded by nursing faculty’s chancellery of education. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (ANOVA and t test). Results: The mean of total academic achievement score was 15.6±2.92; the mean of academic achievement in theoretical lessons was 15.2±3.4; the mean score of academic achievement in clinical lessons was 17.39±1.75; and mean score of emotional intelligence was 337±35.73 for these students. The highest score belonged to responsibility factor (25.95±2.84) and the lowest was associated with tension control (19.74±3.44). ANOVA showed that there is a statistically significant difference between mean of emotional intelligence factors and academic achievement means in the theoretical lessons (p=0.02 and f=2.049) as well as the total mean score of academic achievement (p=0.015 and f=2.153). Conclusion: A significant difference was observed between mean score of emotional intelligence and total mean score of academic achievement as well as mean score of academic achievement in theoretical lessons. The majority of studies in this field have approved the relationship between emotional intelligence and professional success. Therefore, recommendations have been proposed for improvement of emotional intelligence, application of findings, and further studies.
An exploration of the psychosocial factors affecting the development and delivery of school-based sex and relationships education in Tanzania

Employing a mixed methods research design, in which both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used, the research in this thesis has explored the feasibility for the development and implementation of school-based sex and relationships education (SRE) in Tanzania by (a) assessing the attitudes of parents, teachers and students towards the provision of SRE in schools and (b) analysing national school policy and curriculum frameworks with a view to identifying the status and place of SRE in the national school curriculum. The results show that a majority of parents (more than 70%), teachers (more than 90%) and students (more than 80%) supported the provision of SRE in schools and, despite resistance to a few controversial topics, the inclusion of a wide range of SRE topics in a school-based SRE curriculum. These results suggest that, contrary to popular belief that, particularly among policy makers, parents and other stakeholders are opposed to the provision of SRE in schools, it is not the opposition itself, but the unfounded fear of opposition that has thwarted the provision of school-based SRE in Tanzania. The results of the content analysis of the national school curriculum revealed a limited and somewhat disorganised representation of SRE, with more focus on the biological facts and information about HIV transmission and prevention than other aspects of sexual health, such as attitudes, skills and relationships. It has been argued, however, that putting HIV/AIDS in the national school curriculum provides the possibility of opening the way for a wider provision of SRE in schools in future (Harrison, 2000). In light of the results of this research, the author has recommended several steps to be considered in introducing SRE in schools, as well as future research directions in the field of sexual health, and SRE in particular, in Tanzania.
Case report Intractable hiccups and syncope in multiple sclerosis

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who developed intractable hiccups and syncope due to a cervical cord lesion is reported. Previous case reports of intractable hiccups occurring in MS have all been located in the medulla oblongata. Our patient is the first case with the responsible lesion in the cervical cord. The pathophysiological mechanism of the syncopal attacks in this case were thought to be same as that of cough syncope.
Vapor–Melt Exchange

The bulk volatile contents of chondritic meteorites provide clues to their origins. Matrix and chondrules carry differing abundances of moderately volatile elements, with chondrules carrying a refractory signature. At the high temperatures of chondrule formation and the low pressures of the solar nebula, many elements, including Na and Fe, should have been volatile. Yet the evidence is that even at peak temperatures, at or near the liquidus, Na and Fe (as FeO and Fe-metal) were present in about their current abundances in molten chondrules. This seems to require very high solid densities during chondrule formation to prevent significant evaporation. Evaporation should also be accompanied by isotopic mass fractionation. Evidence from a wide range of isotopic systems indicates only slight isotopic mass fractionations of moderately vola-tile elements, further supporting high solid densities. However, olivine-rich, FeO-poor chondrules commonly have pyroxene-dominated outer zones that have been interpreted as the prod-ucts of late condensation of SiO2 into chondrule melts. Late condensation of more refractory SiO2 is inconsistent with the apparent abundances of more volatile Na, FeO and Fe-metal in many chondrules. Despite significant recent experimental work bearing on this problem, the conditions under which chondrules behaved as open systems remain enigmatic.
Efficacy of naltrexone treatment with combined crack and opiate users: A descriptive study of a new treatment service in Bristol, UK

Naltrexone has been shown to be clinically effective in treating opioid dependence, although there are reports that it may be unsafe in treatment of unselected cases. Although there are no generally accepted pharmacological treatments for crack cocaine addiction alone, there is evidence that naltrexone can be useful in cases of concurrent cocaine and heroin use. In 2005 Bristol Specialist Drug Service initiated a naltrexone treatment programme targeted at pre-release offenders using both crack cocaine and heroin. Of 172 referrals, only 51 (30%) were inducted into treatment, and only 16% of these were retained at 3 months, and 4% at 9 months. There was evidence to support induction in prison, as 90% of those who were inducted there continued treatment on release. An integrated approach between criminal justice and community services is of primary importance in getting users into treatment. Interviews highlighted that the environment outside of prison can trigger relapse, and that community clinics need to separate clients on an abstinence programme from those who continue to use. Of clients interviewed, 52% reported that they use heroin to mitigate severe come down from crack, and it is suggested that naltrexone may be of use for these specialized combined users.
Childhood obesity: socioeconomic inequalities and consequences for later cardiovascular health

The last few decades have seen a dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents. Being overweight or obese as a child poses considerable long-term risks, particularly for cardiovascular health. Historically, obesity was a disease of affluence. Today, both adults and children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend to be more overweight in high-income settings. In this essay, we present analysis of three research questions using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a cohort of children born in the south west of the UK in 1991/2. Firstly, we review previously published results examining the age at which socioeconomic inequalities in adiposity emerge. Secondly, we discuss previously published evidence of socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors when the participants were age 10 years. And finally, we present new findings on the tracking of overweight/obesity across childhood and adolescence, and whether this differs across socioeconomic groups. Our findings show that socioeconomic differences in adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors emerge at a much earlier age than in older generations. If children are overweight/obese at age 7, there is a very low probability that they will return to a healthy weight by age 15 – although this is similar across socioeconomic groups. Together, these findings suggest an urgent need to prevent obesity at an early age, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups, in order to prevent wide socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular health in later life.
Industrial Toxicology and Dermatology in the Production and Processing of Plastics

the mouth in the region of the first molars. Extreme attrition and dislocation-more noticeable in lower molarsled to a high incidence of pulp exposure and apical disease, causing marked disorganization of the dental arches. The repetition engendered by the author's style makes the paper somewhat long. The positive radiographs and some of the photographs lack clarity, figure 63, for example, being impossible to interpret. Again, some comments on the association of oral sepsis with osteoarthritis (page 147) and on the reasons for buccal perforation of apical abscesses (page 145) are debatable.
Incidence of spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitits in Liver Cirrhosis, the Causative Organism and Antibiotic sensitivity

To find out the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitits in patients with liver cirrhosis having ascites, the causqative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitits is quite a common complication of liver cirrhosis with ascities. patient usually present with abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, fever with or without rigors, Jaundice and hepatic encephalopathy. E coli is the commonest organism followed by streptococcal pnaemoniae. Quinolones and 3rd Generation cephalosporins are 100% effective in the management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
HYPERGLYCEMIC CRISES IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are two important causes of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes. Mortality rates are <5% in DKA and about 15% in HHS, much of which are avoidable with appropriate management. The prognosis is worsened with aging, hypotension, coma and concomitant life-threatening illnesses.The criteria for DKA and HHS are somewhat arbitrary, although glucose level is higher and ketone body level is minimal in HHS, but they are two extremes in a spectrum of diabetic metabolic decompensation. In general, DKA occurs in type 1 and most often HHS occurs in type 2 diabetes; however, each type of diabetes may be associated with DKA or HHS. Both conditions are associated with marked dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and insulin deficiency and increased counterregulatory hormones, so treatment consists of water and electrolytes replacement and insulin administration. Recognition and treatment of precipitating factors and frequent monitoring of patients are considered the most crucial aspects of the management.
La non-observance des patients infectés par le VIH, soutenus par une association communautaire

Objectif : identifier les facteurs lies a la non-observance au traitement antiretroviral parmi les patients infectes par le VIH, lecteurs de REMAIDES, journal associatif d’information medicale de l’association AIDES, principale association de lutte contre le sida en France. Methode : enquete transversale par questionnaire adressee aux lecteurs de la revue REMAIDES. Les personnes ont ete considerees comme observantes si elles declarent a deux questions independantes de ne jamais oublier ni d’interrompre leur traitement. Resultats : parmi les 1 556 patients ayant repondu a l’enquete, 888 (57 %) sont classes observants. Les facteurs associes a la non-observance sont : l’âge jeune, les faibles ressources financieres, la consommation d’alcool, l’absence de perception d’efficacite du traitement, l’absence d’impact sur la projection dans l’avenir ou la vie affective, les difficultes quant a la taille des medicaments ou l’integration quotidienne du traitement, l’impossibilite d’arreter le traitement, une duree de traitement > 2 ans, la co-infection par le virus de l’hepatite C et les effets secondaires genants : la non-observance est expliquee par le vecu negatif de la personne pendant le traitement. Des interventions visant a accompagner les patients sous multitherapies sont souhaitables afin d’ameliorer l’observance et d’augmenter les chances de succes therapeutique.
Pemahaman Konsep Matematika melalui Media Youtube dengan Pendekatan Etnomatematika

Our experience were that students find it difficult to understand mathematical concepts and principles. Students have difficulty doing mathematical problems. Therefore learning was needed which can overcome students' difficulties in understanding concepts and solving mathematical problems. Youtube is a learning media that has been cultured for every student. The purpose of this study is to determine whether youtube-based ethnomatematics learning using Corel Video Studio X10 has a positive effect on conceptual comprehension skills, and is better than conventional learning after controlling students' initial abilities. This research is a quasi-experimental with factorial 2x2 design. The study sample was selected by intact group of students in SMA N 2 and SMA N 6 Kota Bengkulu. The instrument of this research is a test of the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Data were analyzed with anakova. The results of this study are that there are differences in the ability of understanding concepts between students taught with youtubebased learning using Corel Videostudio X10 with an ethnomatematics approach and conventional learning after controlling students' initial abilities. The conclusion of this study is that youtube-based ethnomatematics learning using Corel Video Studio X10 has a positive effect on the ability to understand concepts, and is better than conventional learning after controlling students' initial abilities.
Implementing Mental Health Promotion: The Act–Belong–Commit Mentally Healthy WA Campaign in Western Australia

Mental health promotion is attracting attention as health authorities become increasingly concerned with the rise in mental illnesses. However, there is little to guide health professionals in communicating to individuals and community groups what mental health promotion – in the sense of strengthening people's mental health and mental illness prevention – is about, or to guide population-wide interventions. The Act–Belong–Commit Mentally Healthy WA campaign provides a simple framework to assist mental health promotion professionals communicate with and gain the co-operation of potential partners and stakeholders for mental health promotion programs. The campaign is based on the results of focus group research on community members' perceptions of what mental health is, and concepts of positive mental health as described by psychologists and others in the literature. Two frameworks were developed: one for targeting individuals to be proactive about their own mental health, and one targeting people in authority to be mindful about the way they deal with those in their care. The frameworks are presented as ABCs to provide a simple mnemonic of relevant concepts. The Act–Belong–Commit component described here was developed to target individuals to be proactive about their own mental health and well-being.