Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corneal Endothelial Changes in Correlation with Corneal Thickness after Phacoemulsification among Diabetic Patients

We prospectively examined 23 eyes of each group of patients who were scheduled to have phacoemulsification surgery. Materials were collected from December 2016 till April 2017. Exclusion criteria were a history of previous ocular surgery or inflammation, abnormal findings by slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination, a small pupil diameter after a full dilation of less than 4.0 mm, and a preoperative endothelial cell density of less than 1500 cells/mm2. One surgeon performed all the surgeries. Specular microscopy was used on all eyes preoperatively, one week and one month postoperatively. Three photographs were taken per eye at each examination, and the mean of the measurements were calculated. The CCT (central corneal thickness), ECD (endothelial cell density), and CV (coefficient of variance) will be measured in all cases by automated analysis of the whole image. Complete medical history for type 2 diabetes based on medical history, blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels. Examination of visual acuity, subjective refraction, slit-lamp examination, IOP readings with applanation tonometry was done to all patients. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy was conducted for fundus examination.
Retention of Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioners

The Nurse Practitioner (NP) role has emerged to meet the growing need for access to primary health care (PHC). To ensure that the NP role is sustainable and provides access to PHC for Ontarians, there is a need to examine NP work environments and NP responses to their work environments, such as retention. Currently, factors influencing the retention of primary health care NPs in Ontario are not well known. As Ontario continues to invest a large amount of health care spending in emerging PHC organizational structures to enable access to primary care, health human resource strategies for NP retention are essential. However, there is a paucity of literature on NP work, work environments, and their impact on important NP and health care system outcomes, including retention. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the underlying factors influencing retention of NPs in PHC in Ontario. The primary research question was: what are the effects of individual NP characteristics, NP practice characteristics, and NP organizational characteristics on PHC nurse practitioner intent to remain employed (ITR) in Ontario?
Socioenvironmental, Personal, and Behavioral Correlates of Severe Obesity among an Ethnically/Racially Diverse Sample of US Adolescents

Abstract Background: Severe obesity among adolescents, also known as class 2 and 3 obesity, is increasing in prevalence, yet, little is known about adolescents with severe obesity. The objective of this study was to identify the socioenvironmental, personal, and behavioral correlates of severe obesity among an ethnically/racially diverse sample of US adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of data from participants in the EAT 2010 study (n = 2706) was conducted. Adolescents completed in-class surveys, and height and weight were measured. Severe obesity was defined as a BMI ≥120% of the 95th percentile or ≥35 kg/m2; class 1 obesity as a BMI ≥95th percentile but below severe obesity cut points, overweight as a BMI 5th percentile. General linear models were used to identify differences between adolescents by weight status, adjusted for covariates. Results: Nine percent of adolescents had severe obesity. Compared with peers .
Applying ATM/AAL2 as a switching technology in third-generation mobile access networks

In this article we focus on the transport and switching part of third-generation mobile access networks and outline some important aspects of applying ATM in these networks. In particular, we argue that in order for the mobile access network to support low-bit-rate delay-sensitive traffic consisting of short packets, the standardization of a new ATM adaptation layer, AAL2, and associated signaling protocol has been necessary. The AAL2 protocol has been designed to support low-bit-rate delay-sensitive services (typically compressed voice) where other adaptation layers fail to deliver the required QoS and maintain efficient resource utilization at the same time. Furthermore, in order to provide mobility and soft handover support in W-CDMA-based mobile networks such as UMTS or IMT-2000, there is also a strong demand for fast connection establishment and release. Therefore, when designing ATM-based cellular access networks some specific architectural and traffic management issues need to be addressed.
Real-Time Surveillance of Infectious Diseases: Taiwan's Experience

Integration of multiple surveillance systems advances early warning and supports better decision making during infectious disease events. Taiwan has a comprehensive network of laboratory, epidemiologic, and early warning surveillance systems with nationwide representation. Hospitals and clinical laboratories have deployed automatic reporting mechanisms since 2014 and have effectively improved timeliness of infectious disease and laboratory data reporting. In June 2016, the capacity of real-time surveillance in Taiwan was externally assessed and was found to have a demonstrated and sustainable capability. We describe Taiwan's disease surveillance system and use surveillance efforts for influenza and Zika virus as examples of surveillance capability. Timely and integrated influenza information showed a higher level and extended pattern of influenza activity during the 2015-16 season, which ensured prompt information dissemination and the coordination of response operations. Taiwan also has well-developed disease detection systems and was the first country to report imported cases of Zika virus from Miami Beach and Singapore. This illustrates a high level of awareness and willingness among health workers to report emerging infectious diseases, and highlights the robust and sensitive nature of Taiwan's surveillance system. These 2 examples demonstrate the flexibility of the surveillance systems in Taiwan to adapt to emerging infectious diseases and major communicable diseases. Through participation in the GHSA, Taiwan can more actively collaborate with national counterparts and use its expertise to strengthen global and regional surveillance capacity in the Asia Pacific and in Southeast Asia, in order to advance a world safe and secure from infectious disease.
Bilateral Changes in Deep Tissue Environment After Manual Lymphatic Drainage in Patients with Breast Cancer Treatment-Related Lymphedema

Abstract Background: Breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL) arises from a mechanical insufficiency following cancer therapies. Early BCRL detection and personalized intervention require an improved understanding of the physiological processes that initiate lymphatic impairment. Here, internal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of the tissue microenvironment were paired with clinical measures of tissue structure to test fundamental hypotheses regarding structural tissue and muscle changes after the commonly used therapeutic intervention of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD). Methods and Results: Measurements to identify lymphatic dysfunction in healthy volunteers (n = 29) and patients with BCRL (n = 16) consisted of (1) limb volume, tissue dielectric constant, and bioelectrical impedance (i.e., non-MRI measures); (2) qualitative 3 Tesla diffusion-weighted, T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI; and (3) quantitative multi-echo T2 MRI of the axilla. Measurements were repeated in patients immediately.
Computation of sensitivities with respect to conduction time of power semiconductors and quick determination of steady state for closed-loop power electronic systems

Two problems related to computer-aided analysis of power electronic systems are dealt with. Firstly, an efficient algorithm is proposed for computing sensitivities of system behavior with respect to conduction time of power semiconductors for general power electronic systems. The adjoint network approach based on Tellegen's theorem is extended for computing those sensitivities in an accurate and efficient manner. Secondly, a method for quick determination of the steady state of power electronic systems with closed control loops is discussed. An efficient algorithm for computing the steady state is proposed that makes use of the computed sensitivities. <<ETX>>
Improving Cardiometabolic Monitoring of Children on Antipsychotics.

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated changes in cardiometabolic monitoring for children and adolescents who were prescribed an antipsychotic medication in a state mental health system before and after a quality improvement intervention. METHODS The intervention included education for prescribers, auditing on metabolic monitoring, and feedback to mental health center leaders regarding their monitoring. Research staff extracted yearly data on cardiometabolic monitoring from randomly selected community mental health center records before and after the intervention. Pre- and postintervention changes in monitoring were assessed with chi-squared tests. RESULTS Evidence of past year monitoring increased: for glucose 18.9%-42.1% (χ2 = 6.75, p < 0.001), for triglycerides 13.5%-31.0% (χ2 = 4.54, p = 0.033), for cholesterol 13.5%-33.1% (χ2 = 5.48, p = 0.019), and for weight 67.6%-84.1% (χ2 = 5.21, p = 0.022). Rates of monitoring for blood pressure and waist circumference increased but not significantly. In both years studied, weight was obtained most frequently and waist circumference was obtained least frequently. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring rates significantly improved for four out of six parameters evaluated, but overall monitoring rates remained low at the end of the study period. Prescriber education with audit and feedback may improve cardiometabolic monitoring rates, but research is needed to evaluate barriers to monitoring in children.
Assessment of Awareness Levels toward Colorectal Cancer Early Detection and Prevention in Saudi Arabia

Results: The sample was consisted of 630/1217(51.5%) women and 587/1217(48.5%) men. Among the study population, 591/1217 (48.6%) think that people over the age of 50 years are more likely to develop colorectal cancer, 751/1217 (61.9%) think that the lack of exercise is a contributing factor for colorectal cancer, similarly 823/1217 (67.9%) think that the style of food and eating red meat can contribute to colorectal cancer. The majority of respondents affirm the benefits of CRC screening: 1067/1217 (88%) think that screening using endoscopy contributes to the early detection of colorectal cancer and 1075/1217 (88.8%) think that early endoscopy contributes to reduce the complications of colorectal cancer.
Trends of Second Primary Malignancy in Patients with Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Israel.

BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. TC patients have a good prognosis and a low disease-related mortality rate. Since such patients are often young, they may be at a higher risk for a second primary malignancy (SPM). This study sought to determine the incidence, risk, and types of SPM between 1980 and 2011, and to assess SPM trends over time among Israeli TC patients. METHODS Data were derived from the Israel National Cancer Registry. Primary TC patients diagnosed during 1980-2009 were followed up for SPM incidence until December 31, 2011. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of observed to expected SPM (based on the general population rates) were calculated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified by time period of initial TC diagnosis (1980-1995 and 1996-2009). RESULTS A total of 11,538 TC patients were identified. After exclusion of 107 duplicate cases, records of 1032 patients with SPM were analyzed (an SPM incidence of 8.9%). SIRs for all-site SPMs were 1.23 [confidence interval 1.08-1.35] for males and 1.19 [confidence interval 1.10-1.27] for females. SIRs for tumors of the urinary system and prostate were significantly elevated in males, as were SIRs for tumors of the brain, urinary system, breast, and lung in females. Variables associated with increased risk of developing SPMs included a younger age at TC diagnosis, a shorter latency period, being born in Asia/Africa for both sexes, and being born in Israel for females. Compared with the general population, a subanalysis by TC diagnosis during 1980-1995 and 1996-2009 disclosed a higher SPM incidence for the latter time period in males and for both time periods, with a slightly higher SIR for the latter time period in females. CONCLUSIONS The overall risk of SPM in Israeli TC patients was significantly greater for both sexes compared with the general population, thus identifying TC patients as a high-risk group and calling for caretakers to apply specific follow-up guidelines.
Understanding Pharmacist Communication and Medication Errors: A Systematic Literature Review

Objective: To better understand the inter-professional clinical communication between pharmacists, other health professionals and medication errors. Methods: This research study used a systematic literature review approach by searching online databases including Medline, PubMed and CINHAL to understand the relationship between pharmacist clinical communication and medication errors. The results of this study show that from 1158 studies that were screened and assessed, only 454 studies were initially selected after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. A PRISMA chart and descriptive analysis was used to present the result. Results: The results concluded that of the 18 studies, 17 showed a relationship between communication and medication errors, while only one study indicated no relationship. Thematic synthesis was used to classify the result of the 17 studies. The result was classified into five general themes based on the literature review and similarity among the studies. Conclusions: This systematic literature review investigated the interrelationship between communication and medication errors. In regards to patient safety, the research highlights that structured communication is effective in preventing medication errors. These errors can occur within the medication management cycle at any point of the drug distribution chain. This is due to the involvement of different health professionals, and different steps in the cycle from the correct prescription through to correct administration. Thus, to effectively prevent medication errors and reduce the rate of patient harm, structured communication (verbally and non-verbally) is highly recommended. Abbreviations: GP – General Practitioner; SLR – Systematic Literature Review
EXTERNAL AIDS AND AGE DIFFERENCES IN PILOT COMMUNICATION

of external aids (e.g., a kneepad) can reduce the demands of Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication on orking memory during routine flight. Older pilots may especially benefit from such aids because of ageeclines in working memory, although cognitive declines may impair the ability to coordinate the use of s with concurrent flight navigation and control tasks. We investigated the use of two external aids that may ase of coordination: a conventional knee pad and an electronic notepad, or e-pad. Participants were 6 older ears) and 6 younger (20-40) active instrument-rated pilots. While in a Frasca flight simulator, they listened ead back complex (four-instruction) ATC messages while using the kneepad, e-pad, or no aid. Readback was analyzed by an Age x Aid x Instruction type (Heading, Altitude, Speed) ANOVA with Aid and on as repeated measures. Accuracy was higher when pilots used either aid compared to no aid, and lower for ots. The findings suggested a greater aid benefit for older pilots, with a smaller age difference in the two aid ns than in the no-aid condition. While the Age x Aid interaction was not significant, this interaction was nt for the altitude instruction readbacks. Despite the small sample size, our study replicates note-taking ) benefits for older as well as younger pilots’ communication, and extends these findings to the novel eults of a usability survey helped improve the e-pad interface. We will next investigate potential attentional these aids for task coordination during simulated Frasca flight, as well as their benefits for communication.
Incidence and Associated Factors of Residual Neuromuscular Block among Patients Underwent General Anaesthesia at University of Gondar Hospital, A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Residual neuromuscular block is a relatively common and often unrecognized complication of general anaesthesia in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Furthermore, it is the major contributing factor for patient’s morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and associated factors of residual neuromuscular block among patients underwent general anaesthesia at University of Gondar hospital
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people living with HIV/AIDS in a municipality of São Paulo.

Objective To assess adherence to antiretroviral drugs by people living with HIV/AIDS and identify its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods Cross-sectional analytical study using a sociodemographic instrument and CEAT-HIV, with data collected in the period from 2014-2015. Results A 75.0% was identified as having a good/proper adhesion. It was found that individuals between ages 40 and 59 (p = 0.029) and with morethan eight years of formal education (p = 0.043) had a higher level of compliance, as well as those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS for more than 10 years (p = 0.002), CD4 count >350 cells/mm3 (p<0,001) and an undetectable viral load (p=0,025). Conclusion In this study, a good adhesion between the subjects was identified and it was observed that individuals of older age, higher level of education, delayed diagnosis, high CD4 cell counts and undetectable viral load were associated with higher treatment adherence.
Washing machine injury of middle finger: a case report and review of the literature

Washing machines are gradually being popular in many countries and regions. Washing machine injuries is not uncommon. The author reports a case of middle finger injury caused by washing machine when an attempt is made to remove the clothes from the machine. The fingertip of the right middle finger was amputated not completely, which was connected by nerve and blood vessel bundles in the radial side of the middle finger. Due to the avulsion rotation stress, the contusion of skin and muscles; fractures and degloving injuries occur. Replantation was attempted to carry out on the day that the patient was injured 1 hour later. Complete survival was achieved. Some safety features should be improved to prevent washing machine injuries to people.
Persistent Objects and Capabilities in

The paper describes how the idea of persistent objects is integrated into the Timor programming language. The strategy adopted allows types to be instantiated at two levels: as "files", i.e. objects accessible at the operating system level, and as local objects within files, which resemble objects found in conventional object oriented programs. File objects (with associated methods) can be instantiated and manipulated via capabilities, which are accessible both internally and via the operating system. Local objects are accessible via references, which are not visible at the operating system level.
Priorities in Fertility Decisions for Reproductive-Aged Cancer Patients: Fertility Attitudes and Cancer Treatment Study.

PURPOSE The Fertility Attitudes and Cancer Treatment Study (FACTS) aims at better understanding the reasons and priorities of young adult cancer patients making decisions for fertility preservation (FP). Identifying the factors that center around a patient's fertility decisions will support the development of educational tools for providers and improve clinical care to meet patients' reproductive needs. METHODS An exploratory qualitative study was conducted of 27 newly diagnosed male and female cancer patients who had presented for an oncofertility consultation. Interviews lasted ∼30 minutes and were transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was conducted to explore the factors driving decisions for future fertility. Themes were grouped to address the following topics: reasons for/against FP, patient priorities, informational needs, support, wellness, and satisfaction with information. Strength of the theme was determined by examining the frequency of a response. RESULTS Patients who chose FP versus those who did not choose FP and men versus women proved to be more similar than different in their reasoning, priorities, and informational needs for FP decisions. Patients who chose FP identified a "concern for future fertility" as a top reason to do so and "parenthood" as a top priority. For those who did not choose FP, "cancer treatment" was identified as their top priority. For patients identifying financial barriers, 50% of them were able to overcome this to pursue FP. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive-aged patients diagnosed with a new cancer should be referred to a reproductive specialist and provided the opportunity to come to a fertility decision on their own before initiating cancer treatment.
The pedestrian PMHT

For some years, we and other researchers have sought either to improve the PMHT, to increase its elegance or to show its superiority in terms of lost tracks. While all of these are important, it must be admitted that the PMHT is unlikely to gain much practical acceptance until a number of practical "pedestrian" issues are addressed. There was considerable progress in Luginbuhl, Sun and Willett, (2001), in which a track-management system (track-initiation, -termination and -merging) was proposed. Here we continue in that vein: how does the PMHT deal with nonlinear models, with consistency checks and with out-of-sequence measurements?
Compositional Dynamic Test Generation (Extended Abstract)

Dynamic test generation is a form of dynamic program analysis that attempts to compute test inputs to drive a program along a specific program path. Directed Automated Random Testing, or DART for short, blends dynamic test generation with model checking techniques with the goal of systematically executing all feasible program paths of a program while detecting various types of errors using run-time checking tools (like Purify, for instance). Unfortunately, systematically executing all feasible program paths does not scale to large, realistic programs. This paper addresses this major limitation and proposes to perform dynamic test generation compositionally, by adapting known techniques for interprocedural static analysis. Specifically, we introduce a new algorithm, dubbed SMART for Systematic Modular Automated Random Testing, that extends DART by testing functions in isolation, encoding test results as function summaries expressed using input preconditions and output postconditions, and then re-using those summaries when testing higher-level functions. We show that, for a fixed reasoning capability, our compositional approach to dynamic test generation (SMART) is both sound and complete compared to monolithic dynamic test generation (DART). In other words, SMART can perform dynamic test generation compositionally without any reduction in program path coverage. We also show that, given a bound on the maximum number of feasible paths in individual program functions, the number of program executions explored by SMART is linear in that bound, while the number of program executions explored by DART can be exponential in that bound. We present examples of C programs and preliminary experimental results that illustrate and validate empirically these properties.