Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The direct detection of boosted dark matter at high energies and PeV events at IceCube

We study the possibility of detecting dark matter directly via a small but energetic component that is allowed within present-day constraints. Drawing closely upon the fact that neutral current neutrino nucleon interactions are indistinguishable from DM-nucleon interactions at low energies, we extend this feature to high energies for a small, non-thermal but highly energetic population of DM particle χ, created via the decay of a significantly more massive and long-lived non-thermal relic ϕ, which forms the bulk of DM. If χ interacts with nucleons, its cross-section, like the neutrino-nucleus coherent cross-section, can rise sharply with energy leading to deep inelastic scattering, similar to neutral current neutrino-nucleon interactions at high energies. Thus, its direct detection may be possible via cascades in very large neutrino detectors. As a specific example, we apply this notion to the recently reported three ultra-high energy PeV cascade events clustered around 1−2 PeV at IceCube (IC). We discuss the features which may help discriminate this scenario from one in which only astrophysical neutrinos constitute the event sample in detectors like IC.
The typology, frequency and magnitude of some behaviour events in case of torrential hydrographical management works in the upper Tarlung watershed

During the 20-25 years from their startup, the torrential hydrographical management works carried out in the upper Tărlung Watershed (55 dams, 22 sills, 25 traverses and 4 outlet canals) have exposed a number of 24 behaviour event types: 13 out of them reduce the safety of exploitation and the sustainability of the works (hereinafter called damages), while the other 11 reduce the functionality of the works (hereinafter called disfunctionalities). The following behaviour events have the highest frequency: (i) damages caused by water and alluvia erosion (erosive damages), followed by breakages, in the category of damages, and (ii) unsupervised installation of forest vegetation on the managed torrential hydrographical network and apron siltation, in the category of disfunctionalities. For methodological reasons, only the erosive damage of works was successively analysed, according to two criteria: the average depth (cm) in the eroded area and the percentage of the erosive area out of the total surface. Further on, by combining the two criteria for analysis, five representation areas with the same damage intensity were defined (very low, low, medium, high and very high intensity). With the aid of the event frequency values recorded in these areas and of the coefficients attributed to each intensity class (from 1 for very low intensity to 5 for very high intensity), the author reached the conclusion that the level of the recorded intensity of the damage caused by water and alluvia erosion ranged from very low to low.
Maxillary Median Diastema – Review of the Literature

Diastema in the dental literature is most frequently referred to as space between the central incisors. Observations show that it is not only an aesthetic flaw, but that it can cause periodontal, prosthetic or speech pathology complications. The causes leading to formation of diastema may be various. Based on the available literature, we attempt to analyze the definition of the diastema, to review the nomenclature, typology, and to compare the Polish and English terminology. Based on the literature review, we highlighted many discrepancies regarding the definition and typology of diastema, which as a result leads to significant discrepancies in the interpretation of examination results. Knowledge of the morphological features of the maxillofacial group in conjunction with developmental age allows for the assessment of standards and pathologies of the anterior section of dental arches. The median diastema is usually part of normal bite development during growth and tooth replacement in anterior maxillary arch. When choosing a method of treatment the following factors should be considered: developmental age, degree of irregularity, etiology as well as setting of the incisors, canines, location of a lip frenulum (Dent. Med. Probl. 2015, 52, 3, 341–344).
Novel automated approach to the quantitative analysis of dopaminergic functional images in a large cohort of Parkinson's patients

Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are nuclear medicine imaging techniques that allow for the study of physiological processes in vivo. These techniques allow to assess the dopaminergic system in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is the system most severely affected by the disease. Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) is a multicenter, longitudinal study aimed at identifying novel biomarkers of PD progression. This study utilizes brain SPECT/PET imaging to investigate the dopaminergic system, by examining the distribution of the dopamine transporter (DaT) or the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT) in the striatum. Several imaging metrics can be used to quantify the dopaminergic tracer binding in the striatum. These metrics are typically calculated on regions of interest (ROIs) that require either manual placement or coregistration with MR structural images. In the first part of this work, an automated approach to quantifying dopaminergic tracer binding is presented; the method consists of a new metric, Sum Intensity (SI), evaluated over a bounding box that is automatically placed on the SPECT/PET images. In order to validate this metric, the correlation is computed between the SI values and the motor scores of PD subjects from the PPMI database. We find that sum intensity achieves correlations as strong as the ones obtained using conventional approaches such as the putamen binding ratio, evaluated on manually-placed ROIs, but using a simplified and operator-independent approach. The second part of this work focuses on predicting the rate of PD progression over the four years during which the PD subjects were enrolled in the PPMI study. Two methods of quantifying disease progression are considered. The first approach uses imaging features collected at year-0 of the study to predict the decline in the putamen binding ratios over the next four years. The model achieves a prediction error of 13% for the better side of the putamen, which is comparable to the test-retest reproducibility of this metric. The second approach uses imaging and clinical features at year-0 to predict the clinical outcome (quantified by year-4 motor and cognitive scores). Novel combinations of clinical and imaging features that are predictors of disease severity are identified.
The origin of peak-offsets in weak-lensing maps

Centroid positions of peaks identified in weak-lensing mass maps often show offsets with respect to other means of identifying halo centres, such as position of the brightest cluster galaxy or X-ray emission centroid. Here we study the effect of projected large-scale structure (LSS), smoothing of mass maps, and shape noise on the weak-lensing peak positions. In addition, we compare the offsets in mass maps to those found in parametric model fits. Using ray-tracing simulations through the Millennium RunN-body simulation, we find that projected LSS does not alter the weak-lensing peak position within the limits of our simulations’ spatial resolution, which exceeds the typical resolution of weak-lensing maps. We conclude that projected LSS, although a major contaminant for weak-lensing mass estimates, is not a source of confusion for identifying halo centres. The typically reported offsets in the literature are caused by a combination of shape noise and smoothing alone. This is true for centroid positions derived both from mass maps and model fits.
EFFECT OF FLY ASH AND SOIL AMENDMENTS TO MAIZE CROP ON SOIL REACTION , DEHYDROGENASE & UREASE ACTIVITIES , SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON AND YIELD IN

Field experiments were conducted in Alfisols of central research station, Orissa University Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, India during 2013-14 with maize as the test crop to study the effect of Fly ash and soil amendments (lime, gypsum ) with or without addition of farm yard manure(FYM) on dehydrogenase and urease activity. Integrated use of lime+flyash+FYM resulted in 66 % higher dehydrogenase activity over control (16.54 μg TPF/g soil/h). Combined application of FYM with lime, gypsum or fly ash recorded higher dehydrogenase activity as compared to their sole application. Urease activity in lime (72.5 μg urea/g soil/h) or fly ash (70.74 μg urea/g soil/h) treatment was at par, but higher than gypsum or control treatment. Application of lime alone or with FYM resulted in 20-23 % higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) as compared to control. Integrated use of lime+fly ash+FYM recorded maximum MBC (366.22 mg C /g soil) among all treatment combinations. Maize grain yield was increased over control (38.6q/ha) by 27 % when lime was applied. Inclusion of FYM enhanced the use efficiency of lime, gypsum or fly ash. Combined application of flyash with FYM was as effective as lime treatment. Conjunctive application of lime+flyash+FYM recorded maximum grain yield (57.72 q/ha) among all treatment combinations.
Symmetry-protected topological phases in lattice gauge theories: Topological 
QED2

The interplay of symmetry, topology, and many-body effects in the classification of phases of matter poses a formidable challenge in condensed-matter physics. Such many-body effects are typically induced by inter-particle interactions involving an action at a distance, such as the Coulomb interaction between electrons in a symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phase. In this work, we show that similar phenomena also occur in certain relativistic theories with interactions mediated by gauge bosons, and constrained by gauge symmetry. In particular, we introduce a variant of the Schwinger model or quantum electrodynamics (QED) in $1+1$ dimensions on an interval, which displays dynamical edge states localized on the boundary. We show that the system hosts SPT phases with a dynamical contribution to the vacuum $\ensuremath{\theta}$-angle from edge states, leading to a new type of topological QED in $1+1$ dimensions. The resulting system displays an SPT phase which can be viewed as a correlated version of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger topological insulator for polyacetylene due to nonzero gauge couplings. We use bosonization and density-matrix renormalization group techniques to reveal the detailed phase diagram, which can further be explored in experiments of ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices.
Viruses in freshwater ecosystems: an introduction to the exploration of viruses in new aquatic habitats

Summary 1. Viruses have become widely recognized as the most abundant biological entities and important players in aquatic environments, and this realization has profoundly changed our conceptual understanding of the functioning and regulation of aquatic ecosystems in the last two decades. However, most of this research has focussed on marine viruses, especially in pelagic environments. 2. Here we introduce a special issue of Freshwater Biology dealing with viruses in freshwater ecosystems. It represents the first attempt to summarize progress in freshwater viral ecology made by diverse research groups and to direct attention of viral ecologists towards fresh waters. 3. Six review-type articles and ten original research papers cover a wide range of aspects of freshwater viral ecology. This includes reports on the distribution of freshwater viral communities in contrasting habitats (e.g. sediments, wetlands, littoral zone, open waters), on different roles of viruses in freshwater ecosystems (e.g. mortality rates of bacteria and phytoplankton, transduction, influence on bacterial diversity and organic matter), and on different types of viruses (bacteriophages, cyanophages, algal viruses, and a fish-pathogenic virus). 4. Collectively the series of papers presented in this special issue indicates that freshwater environments cover great habitat diversity and that the significance of some of the mechanisms controlling viral dynamics and impacts may differ between freshwater and marine habitats.
Acute Treatment with Renal Denervation in a Patient with Resistant Hypertension and Hemorrhagic Stroke

A 49-year-old man with refractory hypertension was admitted to our hospital in a coma caused by hemorrhagic stroke. Severe hypertension was observed during hospitalization despite a full antihypertensive therapy. Considering the risk of enlargement of the intracranial hematoma, the decision was made to perform renal denervation (RDN). A significant blood pressure reduction was obtained after RDN. The patient had a progressive improvement of general conditions and came out of the coma after a few days. This case underlines the safety and the feasibility of RDN in a critically ill patient.
Software appropriation over time: from adoption to stabilization and beyond

Technologies are introduced into an organization with the aim of improving productivity. However, persistent use of an information system is required to enhance productivity and user satisfaction. In this paper, we examine the process of technology appropriation and the factors that encourage and discourage use of an information system over time. In a longitudinal field study in an educational setting, we identify changing expectations and influences that encourage persistent use of a technology above and beyond adoption. Our work indicates that stabilization of a technology may only be a temporary plateau. Further appropriation may occur beyond initial stabilization as expectations and influences encourage persistent use of a technology. We have found that the driving forces in encouraging productive use of a technology are the ability for users to experience the technology as useful and to have easy access to ongoing training.
Celiac Disease Prevention

Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder induced by ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite the prerequisite for a genetic predisposition, only a minority of the 40% of the Caucasian population that has this genetic predisposition develops the disease. Thus, environmental and/or lifestyle factors play a causal role in the development of CD. The incidence of CD has increased over the last half-century, resulting in rising interest in identifying risk factors for CD to enable primary prevention. Early infant feeding practices have been suggested as one of the factors influencing the risk of CD in genetically susceptible individuals. However, recent large prospective studies have shown that neither the timing of gluten introduction nor the duration or maintenance of breastfeeding influence the risk of CD. Also, other environmental influences have been investigated as potential risk factors, but have not led to primary prevention strategies. Secondary prevention is possible through early diagnosis and treatment. Since CD is significantly underdiagnosed and a large proportion of CD patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, secondary prevention will not identify all CD patients, as long as mass screening has not been introduced. As following a gluten-free diet is a major challenge, tertiary prevention strategies are discussed as well.
Domains of Attraction on Sturm–Liouville Hypergroups of Polynomial Growth

Abstract Let (Sn : n ≥ 0) be a random walk on a hypergroup (ℝ+, ∗) of polynomial growth. We show that the possible limit laws of the form cn · Sn → μ (weakly), cn > 0, are the stable laws of the Bessel–Kingman hypergroup (ℝ+, # α ) for a specific α ≥ –1/2 depending on the growth of the hypergroup. Furthermore we describe the domain of attraction (with respect to the convolution ∗) of these stable laws in terms of the regular variation of the Fourier transform.
Liouville type theorems for fourth order elliptic equations in a half plane

Consider an elliptic equation wAWoA2p0 = 0 in the half plane {(X, Y), -00 0 with boundary conditions s = sy 0 O if y 0, x > 0 and Bj,p = 0 if y = 0, x 0, w $ 0 and, for some E > sO IW ? 0, w 4 0 and (ii) w = 0; both methods can be extended to other linear elliptic boundary value problems in a half plane. 0. INTRODUCTION A Liouville type theorem for an elliptic operator P(D) of order 2m with constant coefficients asserts that if (0.1) P(D)-==OinR n and (0.2) c(x) = O (rN) as r oo where r = jxl, then ~p(x) is a polynomial. There are two simple and entirely different methods for proving such a result: Method 1. Suppose P(D) is a positive operator in the sense that (0.3) j P(D)>O r bdx ? co j lb12dx (co > 0) R^n R^n for every 0 which decays at oo, say like 0 (r-M). If P(D) is homogenous then from (0.2) we can deduce, by applying elliptic estimates to a scaled solution, that D'p = O (r-M) if lal > M+N, as r oo. Received by the editors April 6, 1995. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 35J40.
Utilization of Durian Seed Flour as Filler Ingredient of Meatball

Durian seed flour contains starch consisted of amylose and amylopectin like tapioca flour, so it can be utilized as a filler in meatball production. The purposes of this research were to evaluate the nutrient content and quality of durian seed flour, the best level of durian seed flour addition to the meatball production, and the quality of beef meatball during storage in room temperature and refrigerator. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used different filler ingredients consisted of: 1) 100% tapioca, 2) 50% tapioca + 50% durian seed flour, and 3) 100% durian seed flour utilization. The results showed that durian seed flour could affect the protein levels and hardness of beef meatballs. In the organoleptic test, the addition of durian seed flour had no effect on the appearance of the color, flavor, aroma, and texture. The meatballs with 100% durian seed flour had the lowest hardness. The protein content of the meatballs with 100% durian seed flour was the highest. The used of 50% durian seed flour gave the best effect to beef meatball during storage. Meatball could be stored up to 8 h in room temperature while refrigerator could keep it longer up to 12 d. It was concluded that the addition 50% durian seed flour may substitute tapioca flour as filler ingredient of beef meatball.
Differentiation Between Invasive and Non-Invasive Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolates Różnicowanie inwazyjnych i nieinwazyjnych szczepów Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Background. In countries with good diphtheria vaccination coverage, diphtheria cases are very rare. But invasive nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae infections, like bacteriemia, have been emerging during the last decade. Objectives. The aim of the present investigation was differentiation between C. diphtheriae strains isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections. Material and Methods. Toxigenic and nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae strains isolated from invasive and local infections and from carriers in the period of the 1960’s to 2008 were analyzed. A PCR MP technique was used for the first time for differentiation between C. diphtheriae isolates. The PCR MP results obtained were compared to PFGE and ERIC-PCR results. Results. PCR MP differentiates the strains at a similar level as PFGE and ERIC-PCR but, opposite to PFGE and ERIC-PCR, the technique makes it possible to differentiate strains isolated from invasive infections from strains isolated from local infections. Conclusions. This is the first work revealing genetic differences between nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae strains isolated from invasive and local infections. PCR MP is a useful method for the differentiation of C. diphtheriae. The method gives the possibility for identification of C. diphtheriae strains possessing invasive properties (Adv Clin Exp Med 2011, 20, 6, 717–720).
Solving a mixed integer linear program approximation of the toll design problem using constraint generation within a branch-and-cut algorithm

This paper addresses the global optimality of the toll design problem (TDP) by formulating a mixed integer linear program (MILP) approximation. In the TDP, the objective is to maximise the social surplus by adjusting toll locations and levels in a road traffic network. The resulting optimisation problem can be formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints. An MILP is obtained by piecewise linear approximation of the nonlinear functions in the TDP, and we present a domain reduction scheme to reduce the error introduced by these approximations. Previous approaches for solving the MILP approximation have been relying on a large number of MILPs to be solved iteratively within a cutting constraint algorithm (CCA). This paper instead focuses on the development of a solution algorithm for solving the MILP approximation in which the CCA is integrated within a branch-and-cut algorithm, which only requires one MILP to be solved.
Protection of Trade Secrets and Capital Structure Decisions

Firms strategically choose more conservative capital structures when they face greater competitive threats stemming from the potential loss of their trade secrets to rivals. Following the recognition of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine by US state courts, which exogenously increases the protection of a firm's trade secrets by reducing the mobility of its workers who know its secrets to rivals, the firm increases its leverage relative to unaffected rivals. The effect is stronger for firms with a greater risk of losing key employees to rivals, for those facing financially stronger rivals, and for those in industries where competition is more intense.
275 ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY OF COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS FED MACAUBA ( ACROCOMIA ACULEATA LODD . ) OIL AND EMULSIFIERS 1

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of emulsifiers and partial replacement of soybean oil for macauba oil (Acrocomia aculeata Lodd.) on animal performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens. One hundred and eighty semi-weighted Hisex Brown hens, aged 35 weeks, were randomly allocated in one of the five following treatments: T1– control diet + 1% soybean oil (SO), T2 – control diet + 1% SO + 0.012% emulsifier, T3– control diet + 0.2% macauba oil (MO) + 0.8% SO + 0.012% emulsifier, T4 – control diet + 0.4% MO + 0.6% SO + 0.012% emulsifier, or T5 – control diet + 0.6% MO + 0.4% SO + 0.012% emulsifier. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion per mass and per dozen of eggs, and average egg weight were the performance variables evaluated. Regarding egg quality, the following variables were evaluated: egg yolk color, Haugh Unit, specific gravity, shell thickness, percentage of yolk, egg white, and shell, and viable eggs. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design and means were compared using the SNK test as 1% of probability. There was a statistically significant effect (P < 0.01) of macauba oil and emulsifier on egg yolk color and feed intake. No effect was observed (P > 0.01) on other variables evaluated. Therefore, emulsifiers and macauba oil can be used as a partial replacement for soybean oil in diet of laying hens.