Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Big Gods a big deal in the emergence of big groups?

Establishing whether Big Gods helped drive the cultural evolution of large-scale cooperation requires the synthesis of multiple lines of evidence. Survey data and labbased studies suggest that belief in (or priming the concept of) a powerful moralizing god can increase individual prosocial behavior (Norenzayan, Henrich, & Slingerland, 2013; Shariff & Norenzayan, 2007, 2011), and point to the importance of the imagined presence of a supernatural monitor and the threat of punishment (Atkinson & Bourat, 2011; Gervais & Norenzayan, 2012; Norenzayan, Gervais, & Trzesniewski, 2012; Shariff & Norenzayan, 2011; Shariff & Rhemtulla, 2012). However, these findings do not tell us whether such prosocial effects scale up to produce meaningful cooperative advantages at the societal level. One crucial piece of evidence in this regard has been cross-cultural comparative data on the distribution of types of Big God beliefs around the world (Brown & Eff, 2010; Johnson, 2005; Norenzayan & Shariff, 2008; Peoples & Marlowe, 2012; Peregrine, 1996; Roes & Raymond, 2003; Sanderson & Roberts, 2008; Snarey, 1996; Stark, 2001; Swanson, 1960; Underhill, 1975). Put simply, if certain types of Big Gods help promote cooperation then, the argument goes, these gods should be associated with cooperation across societies. In Big Gods, Norenzayan (2013) presents the most comprehensive treatment yet of the Big Gods question. The book is a commendable attempt to synthesize the rapidly growing body of survey and experimental research on prosocial effects of religious primes together with cross-cultural data on the distribution of Big Gods. There are, however, a number of problems with the current cross-cultural evidence that weaken support for a causal link between big societies and certain types of Big Gods. Here we attempt to clarify these problems and, in so doing, correct any potential misinterpretation of the cross-cultural findings, provide new insight into the processes generating the patterns observed, and flag directions for future research. Attempts to statistically test “Big Gods” predictions using systematically coded ethnographic data can be traced back to the coding schemes outlined in Swanson’s (1960) The Birth of the Gods. Swanson catalogued the presence or absence of omnipotent creator gods, termed “High Gods,” in 39 societies. Swanson further categorized High Gods based on whether they were active, concerned with human affairs, and specifically supportive of human morality. Based on his initial coding, Swanson argued that larger societies with multiple layers of jurisdictional hierarchy were more likely to have High Gods (morally
TheHungarian Version of Sociosexual Orientation Inventory Revised ( SOIR ) : Sex and Age Differences

Abstract Affectionless, uncommitted sexual behavior was formerly interpreted in psychology as a function of individual decisions, a kind of intrapsychic variable. Sociosexual orientation is directly linked to reproductive success, so among other issues, measuring sociosexual orientation has been of great interest for evolutionary scientists. Most recently Penke and Asendorpf (2008) prepared the revised version of Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R), which has been used in dozens of studies since its publication. The aim of the current study was to test the usability of the Hungarian version and to analyze the factor structure and internal reliability of the inventory. It was translated and the structure was analyzed on a Hungarian sample (n = 1345, females = 832, males = 513; age: M = 26.37 years, SD = 8.75, range: 16-74). Our results show that the Hungarian version has the same three-factor structure as proposed by Penke and Asendorpf (2008) and is a reliable inventory for further studies of sociosexuality. The sociosexual scores of the two sexes statistically differ in the expected direction: women show lower SOI scores thanmen. Sociosexual desire decreases with age, whereas older participants report less restricted sociosexual behavior. Sociosexual attitude is uneffected by age. Results are discussed from both evolutionary and life-span developmental points of view.
Embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx®) for peripheral hemostatic and non-hemostatic applications: a feasibility and safety study.

Background Onyx® is a liquid embolic agent, which is approved for the treatment of cerebral vascular lesions but still rarely used in peripheral interventional radiology. The goal of this study is to report the feasibility and safety of embolization with Onyx® for peripheral hemostatic and non-hemostatic endovascular procedures. Methods Retrospective study of all consecutive patients who underwent visceral or peripheral embolization with Onyx® for hemostatic or non-hemostatic purpose in our department between May 2014 and November 2016. Demographic data, clinical presentation, underlying etiology, culprit vessel, endovascular procedure, pain during embolization, outcomes, and follow-up data were collected. Results Fifty patients (males, 34; females, 16; mean age, 56±18 years; range, 15-89 years) were included. Twenty-nine (58%) of patients underwent hemostatic embolization for arterial (n=22, 44%) or venous (n=7, 14%) bleeding lesions, whereas 21 (42%) of patients underwent non-hemostatic embolization for arterial aneurysms (n=8, 16%), preoperative portal vein deprivation (n=6, 12%) or other indications (n=7, 14%). Onyx-18 was used in 37 (74%) patients, Onyx-34 in 9 (18%) patients, and a combination of both in 4 (8%) patients. Onyx was used alone in 25 (50%) patients and in combination with other agent in 25 (50%) patients. Mean number of Onyx® vials used was 3.7 (range, 1-17). Immediate technical success rate was 100%. Primary clinical success was achieved in all patients. Recurrent bleeding occurred in two patients. Significant pain (pain score ≥3) was noted during injection in 10 (20%) patients. No major complication or side effects were noted within 1 month. Conclusions Transcatheter embolization with Onyx® is feasible and safe in the peripheral arterial or venous vasculature for both bleeding and non-bleeding patients whatever the anatomic site.
Development of a tool to assess urban transport sustainability: The case of Swedish cities

ABSTRACT This article presents a framework and a tool to assess transport sustainability in Swedish cities that was developed for and together with some cities in Sweden in strong cooperation with the researchers. The tool, called the Transport Sustainability Barometer (TSB), includes a set of hierarchical indicators to measure sustainability in respect to efficiency, accessibility, safety, liveability, emissions, and resource use. The novelty of the TSB is that it proposes the use of both objectively and subjectively measurable indicators, i.e., how the population perceives sustainability of transport, their satisfaction with the transport system, and its effects on the economy, the environment, and social issues. This article also presents the application of the tool in a city in Sweden.
Simultaneous quantification of fentanyl, sufentanil, cefazolin, doxapram and keto‐doxapram in plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract A simple and specific UPLC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of fentanyl, sufentanil, cefazolin, doxapram and its active metabolite keto‐doxapram. The internal standard was fentanyl‐d5 for all analytes. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a reversed‐phase Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column with a run‐time of only 5.0 min per injected sample. Gradient elution was performed with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate or formic acid in Milli‐Q ultrapure water or in methanol with a total flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. A plasma volume of only 50 μL was required to achieve adequate accuracy and precision. Calibration curves of all five analytes were linear. All analytes were stable for at least 48 h in the autosampler. The method was validated according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. This method allows quantification of fentanyl, sufentanil, cefazolin, doxapram and keto‐doxapram, which is useful for research as well as therapeutic drug monitoring, if applicable. The strength of this method is the combination of a small sample volume, a short run‐time, a deuterated internal standard, an easy sample preparation method and the ability to simultaneously quantify all analytes in one run.
Experimental Evaluation of MIMO Terminals With User Influence in OTA Setups

User influence, together with propagation environments and antenna designs, determines how well multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) terminals operate in true usage conditions. In this letter, we investigate to what extent the user influence affects the performance of a realistic MIMO terminal under various reproduced spatial channel models in a practical 3-D multiprobe anechoic chamber setup. A terminal mock-up, operating at 2.55 GHz, together with a realistic user phantom was used, and channel models with different spatial and polarization profiles, device under test with different operation modes and orientation angles were tested.
Suspected unexpected and other adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs used as post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection – five-year experience from clinical practice

Introduction With increased use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in HIV uninfected persons, proper reporting on suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions (SUSARs) and continued insight into adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are needed for adequate information on safety of ARVs in such populations. Material and methods Medical documentation of persons receiving ARVs after non-occupational HIV exposure (non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis – nPEP) during 5 successive years (2009–2013) was evaluated by two HIV physicians. Adverse drug reactions s and SUSARs were defined according to international standards. In statistical analyses Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify independent predictors of developing a first ADR. Results In total 375 persons received nPEP with the following indications: needle stick (43%), unprotected sexual intercourse (17%), rape (10%) and first aid (10%). In 84 (22%) cases the source patient was HIV positive or an active injecting drug user. In total 170 ADRs were reported. One hundred thirty-nine persons had only 1 ADR. The most frequent first ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders (22%), followed by general symptoms (9%), hypersensitivity reactions (1.6%) and CNS symptoms (1.3%). The remaining events represented less than 1% of all patients. Eight (2.1%) patients developed a SUSAR. In multivariate analyses only age at first visit to the clinic was an independent predictor of developing an ADR (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03–1.34; p = 0.02). Conclusions In our observations ADRs in reaction to nPEP were frequent yet usually mild events, mostly occurring in the first 2 weeks and rarely causing discontinuation. The only significant factor increasing the risk of ADR was age. SUSARs were rare, transient and clinically insignificant.
Varying‐coefficient semiparametric model averaging prediction

Forecasting and predictive inference are fundamental data analysis tasks. Most studies employ parametric approaches making strong assumptions about the data generating process. On the other hand, while nonparametric models are applied, it is sometimes found in situations involving low signal to noise ratios or large numbers of covariates that their performance is unsatisfactory. We propose a new varying‐coefficient semiparametric model averaging prediction (VC‐SMAP) approach to analyze large data sets with abundant covariates. Performance of the procedure is investigated with numerical examples. Even though model averaging has been extensively investigated in the literature, very few authors have considered averaging a set of semiparametric models. Our proposed model averaging approach provides more flexibility than parametric methods, while being more stable and easily implemented than fully multivariate nonparametric varying‐coefficient models. We supply numerical evidence to justify the effectiveness of our methodology.
Changes in Right Ventricular Volume, Volume Load, and Function Measured with Cardiac Computed Tomography over the Entire Time Course of Tetralogy of Fallot

Objective To characterize the changes in right ventricular (RV) volume, volume load, and function measured with cardiac computed tomography (CT) over the entire time course of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Materials and Methods In 374 patients with TOF, the ventricular volume, ventricular function, and RV volume load were measured with cardiac CT preoperatively (stage 1), after palliative operation (stage 2), after total surgical repair (stage 3), or after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) (stage 4). The CT-measured variables were compared among the four stages. After total surgical repair, the postoperative duration (POD) and the CT-measured variables were correlated with each other. In addition, the demographic and CT-measured variables in the early postoperative groups were compared with those in the late postoperative and the preoperative group. Results Significantly different CT-based measures were found between stages 1 and 3 (indexed RV end-diastolic volume [EDV], 63.6 ± 15.2 mL/m2 vs. 147.0 ± 38.5 mL/m2 and indexed stroke volume (SV) difference, 7.7 ± 10.3 mL/m2 vs. 32.2 ± 16.4 mL/m2; p < 0.001), and between stages 2 and 3 (indexed RV EDV, 72.4 ± 19.7 mL/m2 vs. 147.0 ± 38.5 mL/m2 and indexed SV difference, 5.7 ± 13.1 mL/m2 vs. 32.2 ± 16.4 mL/m2; p < 0.001). After PVR, the effect of RV volume load (i.e., indexed SV difference) was reduced from 32.2 mL/m2 to 1.7 mL/m2. Positive (0.2 to 0.8) or negative (−0.2 to −0.4) correlations were found among the CT-based measures except between the RV ejection fraction (EF) and the RV volume load parameters. With increasing POD, an early rapid increase was followed by a slow increase and a plateau in the indexed ventricular volumes and the RV volume load parameters. Compared with the preoperative data, larger ventricular volumes and lower EFs were observed in the early postoperative period. Conclusion Cardiac CT can be used to characterize RV volume, volume load, and function over the entire time course of TOF.
Stable isotope probing of hypoxic toluene degradation at the Siklós aquifer reveals prominent role of Rhodocyclaceae

Abstract The availability of oxygen is often a limiting factor for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in subsurface environments. However, while both aerobic and anaerobic degraders have been intensively studied, degradation betwixt, under micro- or hypoxic conditions has rarely been addressed. It is speculated that in environments with limited, but sustained oxygen supply, such as in the vicinity of groundwater monitoring wells, hypoxic degradation may take place. A large diversity of subfamily I.2. C extradiol dioxygenase genes has been previously detected in a BTEX-contaminated aquifer in Hungary. Older literature suggests that such catabolic potentials could be associated to hypoxic degradation. Bacterial communities dominated by members of the Rhodocyclaceae were found, but the majority of the detected C23O genotypes could not be affiliated to any known bacterial degrader lineages. To address this, a stable isotope probing (SIP) incubation of site sediments with 13C7-toluene was performed under microoxic conditions. A combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and T-RFLP fingerprinting of C23O genes from SIP gradient fractions revealed the central role of degraders within the Rhodocyclaceae in hypoxic toluene degradation. The main assimilators of 13C were identified as members of the genera Quatrionicoccus and Zoogloea, and a yet uncultured group of the Rhodocyclaceae.
Development of a Minimal-Intervention-Based Admittance Control Strategy for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Exoskeleton

The applications of robotics to the rehabilitation training of neuromuscular impairments have received increasing attention due to their promising prospects. The effectiveness of robot-assisted training directly depends on the control strategy applied in the therapy program. This paper presents an upper extremity exoskeleton for the functional recovery training of disabled patients. A minimal-intervention-based admittance control strategy is developed to induce the active participation of patients and maximize the use of recovered motor functions during training. The proposed control strategy can transit among three control modes, including human-conduct mode, robot-assist mode, and motion-restricted mode, based on the real-time position tracking errors of the end-effector. The human–robot interaction in different working areas can be modulated according to the motion intention of patient. Graphical guidance developed in Unity-3-D environment is introduced to provide visual training instructions. Furthermore, to improve training performance, the controller parameters should be adjusted in accordance with the hemiplegia degree of patients. For the patients with severe paralysis, robotic assistance should be increased to guarantee the accomplishment of training. For the patients recovering parts of motor functions, robotic assistance should be reduced to enhance the training intensity of effected limb and improve therapeutic effectiveness. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are validated via training experiments with two healthy subjects and six stroke patients with different degrees of hemiplegia.
Parallel Pencil Drawing Stylization via Structure-Aware Optimization

This paper presents a non-photorealistic rendering technique for stylizing a photograph in the pencil drawing style, which can well preserve the fine structure of the original image. We first construct a structure map from the anti-color image of the original image to model the detailed underlying fine structure of the original image, and generate a coarse pencil drawing image with line integral convolution. Then we refine the coarse pencil drawing image with the structure map for enrich the structure information. The presented algorithm is highly parallel allowing a real-time performance with GPU implementation. Experimental results show that our approach can produce more attractive and impressive pencil drawing effects with a variety of photographs.
Effect of Different Cooking Methods on the Antioxidant properties of Bitter gourd (Mormodica charantia) Cultivated in Jaffna District

Purpose: Bitter gourd (Mormodica charantia) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop in Jaffna. It is well-known to possess medicinal properties, mainly because of its antioxidant properties. Changes in the antioxidant properties of vegetables during different cooking methods have an influence on dietary nutrition. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the effect of three cooking methods on the antioxidant properties of bitter gourd. Research Method: Fresh bitter gourds were cut into small pieces and subjected to three different cooking methods (boiling, microwave cooking and stir-frying). The conditions of the cooking methods were; boiling at 100oC for 14 min, microwave cooking at 560W for 4 min and stir-frying at 230oC for 15 min. Ethanol (70 %, v/v) was used to extract the antioxidants from fresh and cooked samples and antioxidant properties were determined as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.1). Findings: TPC, TFC, antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 value) of fresh bitter gourd were 27.47±1.52 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry matter, 19.36±2.01 mg catechin equivalent/g dry matter, 103.55±3.60 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry matter and 0.210±0.008 mg/mL respectively. Compared to the antioxidant properties of fresh bitter gourd, boiling has significantly (p Originality/ Value: This study could be useful to create the awareness among the people on different cooking methods to retain as much of the antioxidant as possible in order to get benefited by the consumption of bitter gourd.
TOMATO INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS

Tomato pomace is a residue generated during tomato processing, composed of tomato skin, pulp and seeds. This paper evaluated the proportion of skin and seeds and the proximate composition of tomato pomace from a tomato processing plant located in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from a processing plant in 6 consecutive work days. Pomace was composed of 61.5% skin+pulp and 38.5% seeds. Average moisture content of 6 batches was 66.58 ± 0.45 g.100g -1 (wet basis). Average proximate composition of the 6 batches (dry basis) was: 50.74 ± 1.30 g.100g -1 dietary fiber, 6.73 g.100g -1 digestable carbohydrates, 20.91 ± 0.96 g.100g -1 protein, 14.14 ± 1.22 g.100g -1 fat, and 3.60 ± 0.05 g.100g -1 ash. Tomato pomace shows potential for being used as source of important nutrients, especially dietary fiber. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: pomace, subproduto, reutilização, Bligh-Dyer, fibra alimentar.
Korean L2 Vocabulary Prediction: Can a Large Annotated Corpus be Used to Train Better Models for Predicting Unknown Words?

Vocabulary knowledge prediction is an important task in lexical text simpliﬁcation for foreign language learners (L2 learners). However, previously studied methods that use hand-crafted rules based on one or two word features have had limited success. A recent study hypothesized that a supervised learning classiﬁer trained on a large annotated corpus of words unknown by L2 learners may yield better results. Our study crowdsourced the production of such a corpus for Korean, now consisting of 2,385 annotated passages contributed by 357 distinct L2 learners. Our preliminary evaluation of models trained on this corpus show favorable results, thus conﬁrming the hypothesis. In this paper, we describe our methodology for building this resource in detail and analyze its results so that it can be duplicated for other languages. We also present our preliminary evaluation of models trained on this annotated corpus, the best of which recalls 80% of unknown words with 71% precision. We make our annotation data available.
Extrapolation using Selection and Moral Hazard Heterogeneity from within the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment

I aim to shed light on why emergency room (ER) utilization increased following the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment but decreased following a Massachusetts policy. To do so, I unite the literatures on insurance and treatment effects. Under an MTE model that assumes no more than the LATE assumptions, comparisons across always takers, compliers, and never takers can inform the impact of polices that expand and contract coverage. Starting from the Oregon experiment as the “gold standard,” I make comparisons within Oregon and extrapolate my findings to Massachusetts. Within Oregon, I find adverse selection and heterogeneous moral hazard. Although previous enrollees increased their ER utilization, evidence suggests that subsequent enrollees will be healthier, and they will decrease their ER utilization. Accordingly, I can reconcile the Oregon and Massachusetts results because the Massachusetts policy expanded coverage from a higher baseline, and new enrollees reported better health.