Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
baCk To The fUTUre of DissonanCe Theory: CogniTive ConsisTenCy as a Core moTive

In his theory of cognitive dissonance, Festinger (1957) described cognitive consistency as a psychological need that is as basic as hunger and thirst. Over the past decades, however, the idea of cognitive consistency as a core motive has been replaced by an increasingly narrow focus on dissonance-related changes in attitudes and alternative accounts that attribute such changes to mechanisms of ego-defense. The current article aims at reviving the idea of cognitive consistency as a core motive, arguing that inconsistency serves as an epistemic cue for errors in one's system of beliefs. Because inconsistency can often be resolved in multiple ways, motivated reasoning can bias processes of inconsistency resolution toward desired conclusions, although motivated distortions are constrained by the need for cognitive consistency. The ubiquity of consistency processes is illustrated through its role in various instances of threat-compensation (e.g., victim derogation, self-verification, system justification) and .
Examination of Vocational High Schools' Effectiveness Levels in Terms of European Union Project Numbers

The purpose of this research is, according to the teachers' opinions, to determine the level of Effective Schools in terms of the number of EU Projects (Erasmus +, eTwinning) carried out by the official Vocational and Technical Anatolian High Schools in Central district of Giresun province, in terms of manager, teacher, student, school program and education process, school culture and environment, school environment and parent dimensions. For this purpose, the "Effective School Scale" with . 93 Cronbach alpha score, developed by Şişman (1996) and the Personal Information Form prepared by the researcher were used to determine the effectiveness levels of the schools. The research is a descriptive study in the general screening model. The data were collected from a total of 203 teachers working in official vocational high schools in Central district of Giresun province in the academic year 2017-2018. It has been determined that the effectiveness of schools is a linear increase with respect to the number of EU projects carried out. It has been determined that there is a strong positive relationship between the number of EU projects carried out on the schools and the effectiveness levels of the schools.
Oesophageal Cancer and Occupational Exposure to Rubber : A Nested Case-control Study

Findings for cancer of the oesophagus in the rubber industry are not consistent between studies, and derive from too few studies. Few studies were carried out to examine risks of oesophageal cancer in dierent departments and the confounding by non-occupational risk factors such as smoking, drinking, and economic status. In this paper these questions have been explored. Following a nested case-control study, the data were used of nine oesophageal cancer deaths during 1973±1995 and 36 controls matched for sex and age from the same cohort of a rubber plant workers. Oesophageal cancer risks for exposure to rubber were assessed, unadjusted and adjusted for non-occupational factors by conditional logistic regression. In grouped analysis, odds ratios (ORs) for oesophageal cancer were found to be 2.67 95% CI  0:42, 17:0 for milling, etc. workers and 1.40 95% CI  0:24, 7:97 for building workers, who worked for one or more years. No excess risks were found in the remaining three departments. The models for continuous exposure variables indicated that a one-unit year change in the milling, etc. department was associated with a 4% increment in the OR. When adjusted for serum cholesterol level, the 6% increase (OR) was observed. Signi®cant associations between risk for oesophageal cancer and speci®c exposures or processes within the rubber plant were not found. The slight excess risk for oesophageal cancer in the rubber plant may be related to exposure to dusts and solvents. 7 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The properties of the Miocene coal seams in the Soma Basin (W. Turkey): Insights from coal petrography, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, mineralogy and elemental contents

The Soma Basin hosts three coal seams (kM2, kM3 and kP1) and several altered tuff layers within the Miocene sequences. This study focuses on the determination of coal petrography, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, mineralogy and elemental contents of the three coal seams from Eynez , Işıklar and Deniş sectors in the basin, and to identif y the mineralogy of altered tuff layers within kM2 and kP1 seams. The routine coal quality analyses show that coal samples from the kM2 seam are characterized by low er ash yields and total S contents, and high er ross calorific values than kM3 and kP1 seams. The mineralogical composition of the bulk coal samples from the kM2 seam is made up mainly of quartz, clay minerals and lesser amounts of feldspars and carbonates. In the kM3 and as well as in the lower part of kP1 seam carbonate minerals are being dominant phases due to the existences of fossil shell-bearing bands in the coal beds and intercalations. The statistical data implies that major elements in bulk coal samples, such as Al, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and the vast majority of minor and trace elements, as we expected, have inorganic affinity. The trace element contents and element al enrichments are generally changeable from seam to seam; nevertheless, Cs, Li and U are commonly enriched in all studied coal seams. These could be related to the differences ion ash yields and mineralogical compositions of coal beds within the seams. The mineralogical compositions of the altered tuff layers identified within the kM2 and kP1 seams display similar compositions with tonsteins; therefore, these layers are presumably in air-fall ash that were originated from synchronous felsic volcanic activities around the basin. The existence s of volcanic layers also have has ome influences on the mineralogical and elemental composition of both seams. The SEM data shows that clay minerals originated from these layers and certain trace elements (e.g. As and Zr) a re
I think I like you: Spontaneous and deliberate evaluations of potential romantic partners in an online dating context

The present research examined processes of impression formation within an online dating context. Across two studies, female participants formed impressions of a potential partner based on an online dating profile containing information about the target's facial attractiveness and self-described ambition. Afterwards, deliberate evaluations of the target were assessed with a self-report measure and spontaneous evaluations were measured with an affective priming task. The results showed that deliberate evaluations varied as a function of both self-described ambition and facial attractiveness. In contrast, spontaneous evaluations varied only as a function of facial attractiveness. Experiment 2 further showed that these effects were independent of the order in which the two types of information had been encoded. The results are discussed in terms of associative and propositional processes, and the conditions under which these processes can lead to conflicting evaluations of the same potential romantic partner. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Makes a Young Assertive Bystander? The Effect of Intergroup Contact, Empathy, Cultural Openness, and In‐Group Bias on Assertive Bystander Intervention Intentions

The present research tests the indirect effects of intergroup contact on adolescents’ bystander intervention intentions via four potential mediators: “empathy,” “cultural openness,” “in-group bias,” and “intergroup anxiety. ” British adolescents (N = 855), aged 11–13 years, completed measures of intergroup (interethnic) contact and the identified indirect variables. Intended bystander behavior was measured by presenting participants with an intergroup (immigrant) name-calling scenario. Participants rated the extent to which they would behave assertively. The findings extend previous intergroup contact research by showing a significant indirect effect of intergroup contact on assertive bystander intentions via empathy, cultural openness and in-group bias (but not via intergroup anxiety). Theoretical implications and practical suggestions for future prejudice-reduction interventions are discussed.
Potential overestimation of bacterial respiration rates in oligotrophic plankton communities

Adequate bacterial respiration (BR) estimations are necessary to understand the flow of carbon through marine plankton food webs. A considerably higher bacterial contribution to total microbial plankton community respiration (CR) has been observed in oligotrophic systems compared to more productive systems. Classical BR estimation procedures, typically oxygen consumption mea- surements, comprise pre-incubation filtration to separate bacteria from the rest of the plankton community and long incubation times (24 h). The resulting disruption of the community linkages over long time periods might affect BR measure- ments, especially in oligotrophic systems charac- terized by tightly coupled microbial food webs. In this study, BR data were compiled from 2 con - trasting environments: the highly productive Ria de Vigo (NW Spain) and the North Atlantic oligotrophic gyre. Standard procedures or in vivo electron transport system (ETS) activity (non pre- filtered and short-time incubation) procedures were used to obtain a total of 209 BR estimations. Bacterial contribution to plankton CR was signifi- cantly higher in oligotrophic than in highly pro- ductive conditions (155% and 42%, respectively) when using standard procedures, while similar values were observed (31% and 30%) with in vivo ETS procedures. The relation between plankton CR and BR along the studied productivity gradient suggests that bacterial contribution to total CR varies less than previously assumed with an aver- age value approximating 30% through different trophic situations.
BEFORE THE BAR: KINEMATIC DETECTION OF A SPHEROIDAL METAL-POOR BULGE COMPONENT

We present 947 radial velocities of RR Lyrae variable stars in four fields located toward the Galactic bulge, observed within the data from the ongoing Bulge RR Lyrae Radial Velocity Assay (BRAVA-RR). We show that these RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) exhibit hot kinematics and null or negligible rotation and are therefore members of a separate population from the bar/pseudobulge that currently dominates the mass and luminosity of the inner Galaxy. Our RRLs predate these structures and have metallicities, kinematics, and spatial distribution that are consistent with a “classical” bulge, although we cannot yet completely rule out the possibility that they are the metal-poor tail of a more metal-rich ( [ Fe / H ] ∼ − 1 dex) halo–bulge population. The complete catalog of radial velocities for the BRAVA-RR stars is also published electronically.
DEEP MODELS CALIBRATION WITH BAYESIAN NEURAL NETWORKS

We apply Bayesian Neural Networks to improve calibration of state-of-the-art deep neural networks. We show that, even with the most basic amortized approximate posterior distribution, and fast fully connected neural network for the likelihood, the Bayesian framework clearly outperforms other simple maximum likelihood based solutions that have recently shown very good performance, as temperature scaling (Guo et al., 2017). As an example, we reduce the Expected Calibration Error (ECE) from 0.52 to 0.24 on CIFAR-10 and from 4.28 to 2.456 on CIFAR-100 on two Wide ResNet with 96.13% and 80.39% accuracy respectively, which are among the best results published for this task. We demonstrate our robustness and performance with experiments on a wide set of state-of-the-art computer vision models. Moreover, our approach acts off-line, and thus can be applied to any probabilistic model regardless of the limitations that the model may present during training. This make it suitable to calibrate systems that make use of pre-trained deep neural networks that are expensive to train for a specific task, or to directly train a calibrated deep convolutional model with Monte Carlo Dropout (Gal & Ghahramani, 2015; Kingma et al., 2015) approximations, among others. However, our method is still complementary with any Bayesian Neural Network for further improvement.
Hybrid User-Independent and User-Dependent Offline Signature Verification with a Two-Channel CNN

Signature verification task needs relevant signature representations to achieve low error rates. Many signature representations have been proposed so far. In this work we propose a hybrid user-independent/dependent offline signature verification technique with a two-channel convolutional neural network (CNN) both for verification and feature extraction. Signature pairs are input to the CNN as two channels of one image, where the first channel always represents a reference signature and the second channel represents a query signature. We decrease the image size through the network by keeping the convolution stride parameter large enough. Global average pooling is applied to decrease the dimensionality to 200 at the end of locally connected layers. We utilize the CNN as a feature extractor and report 4.13% equal error rate (EER) considering 12 reference signatures with the proposed 200-dimensional representation, compared to 3.66% of a recently proposed technique with 2048-dimensional representation using the same experimental protocol. When the two methods are combined at score level, more than 50% improvement (1.76% EER) is achieved demonstrating the complementarity of them. Sensitivity of the model to gray-level and binary images is investigated in detail. One model is trained using gray-level images and the other is trained using binary images. It is shown that the availability of gray-level information in train and test data decreases the EER e.g. from 11.86% to 4.13%.
Evolving division of labor in varying environments

The field of multi-agent systems is concerned with societies of autonomous agents that interact to efficiently achieve their goals. In this work, we will evolve in silico teams of agents that are capable of displaying division of labor. We h ope to broaden the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics o f fixed and adaptive mechanisms of division of labor. The main innovation of our work stems from the fact that we consider varying environments, which have not yet been studied broad ly in the context of division of labor. The purpose of our resear ch is twofold. From engineering perspective, we wish to improv e techniques of team optimization and intend to explore the area of bio-inspired task allocation algorithms. From biological perspective, we hope to shed some light on evolutionary hist ory and mechanical explanations of division of labor in social i nsects.
Decline in the proportion of mites resistant to fluvalinate in a population of Varroa destructor not treated with pyrethroids

The reversion of resistance to pyrethroids in Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman was studied in Friuli (northern Italy), where resistance was detected in 1995 and pyrethroids had not been used since. Mites were sampled in seven localities each year between 1997 and 2000 and assayed in the laboratory for the resistance to fluvalinate by using paraffin coated capsules. Survival at the diagnostic concentration, expected to kill all susceptible mites (200 mg/kg), decreased in all the localities by about ten times in three years, from 19-66% to 1.3-7.8%. Thus, the disadvantage associated with the resistance to pyrethroids in V. destructor is small, as usual when resistance is due to monooxygenases. Its impact on the selection of resistant mites during annual application of treatments is negligible; appreciable effects of reversion can be expected only over many generations of the mite. Varroa destructor / reversion / resistance / pyrethroids
Effects of cooling rate on membrane integrity and motility parameters of cryopreserved ram spermatozoa.

In this study we aimed to determinate the effects of three different cooling rates from +26°C to +5°C at (0.3°C/min 0.6°C/min and 0.9°C/min) on spermatologic and ultrastructure properties of ram semen. For this purpose semen from 6 rams was collected by electroejaculator and was pooled in a +26°C waterbath. Pooled semen was diluated with tris based extender and divided into three equal parts according cooling rates (0.3°C/min., 0.6°C/min. and 0.9°C/min). Cooled semen was reextended with extender B +5°C in the second step. Diluated samples were equilibrated for 1 h and then were loaded in 0.25 mL straws and freezed in liquid nitrogen vapor. After each freezing stage semen was evaluated motility with computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Electron microscobic evaluation was done for pooled and chilled samples. It has been observed that 0.3°C/min. cooled group had meaningfully higher values of motility and progressive motility at +5°C after equilibration and post-thaw stages when compared with the 0.9°C/min. group (P<0.05). When compared to the 0.6°C/min., the 0.3°C/min. cooled group had higher total motility values at after cooling to +5°C (P<0.05), equilibration (P<0.05) and post thaw stages (P>0.05) and had higher progressive motility at after cooling to +5°C (P<0.05), equilibration (P>0.05) and post-thaw stage (P<0.05). The TEM evaluation showed that at cooling to the +5°C increases the total damaged spermatozoa in all groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, cooling the ram semen to +5°C with a rate above 0.3°C/min. affected negatively the spermatological characteristics. Reaching the cooling rates of 0.6 and 0.9°C/min. increasingly deteriorated the post-thaw motility and progressive motility values. Also, low temperature related to ultrastructural damage was observed at the first dilution step and localized at different regions of the sperm head depends upon the processes and cooling rates.
Effects of Group B Soyasaponins and Soyasapogenol B on Plasma Cholesterol Levels in Golden Syrian Hamsters

Elevated blood cholesterol levels are associated with the development of heart disease. Group B soyasaponins have been suggested as a factor capable of decreasing plasma lipid concentrations. Soyasaponins are naturally occurring triterpenoids found in soybeans, and their sugars are cleaved from group B soyasaponins in the digestive tract leaving the aglycone form - soyasapogenol B. The objectives of this study are to determine cholesterollowering efficacy and bioavailability of soyasapogenol B and group B soyasaponins. Thirty six hamsters were assigned to one of three dietary treatment groups and fed for 4 weeks; 1) high fat control (HFC), 2) high fat diet with soyasapogenol B (SPG, 0.5 mmol/kg diet), and 3) high fat diet with group B soyasaponins (SSP, 1.5 mmol/kg diet). Compared to the HFC, SPG treatment was shown to decrease total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (P<0.05). Fecal bile acid excretion of SPG and SSP groups were greater than HFC (P<0.05). SSP group showed significant increased fecal neutral sterol excretion compared to the HFC and SPG (P<0.05). Hamsters in the SPG group showed a significantly greater bioavailability than the SSP group (P<0.05).
CRANIAL OSTEOLOGY OF SUUWASSEA EMILIEAE (SAUROPODA: DIPLODOCOIDEA: FLAGELLICAUDATA) FROM THE UPPER JURASSIC MORRISON FORMATION OF MONTANA, USA

Abstract Cranial elements of Suuwassea emilieae (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, U.S.A. , represent one of only a few flagellicaudatan skulls known. Preserved elements include a left premaxilla, a fragment of right maxilla, a right squamosal, a right quadrate, a basicranium and skull roof lacking only the rostral end of the frontals, basipterygoid processes, and parasphenoid rostrum. Autapomorphic features of the skull include: premaxillary teeth projecting parallel to long axis of premaxilla; single optic nerve foramen; postparietal foramen present and larger than parietal foramen; supraoccipital with elongate ventral process contributing little to dorsal margin of foramen magnum; basioccipital not contributing to floor of median condylar incisure; and antotic processes with no dorsal contact with frontals. The basicranium more closely resembles that of Apatosaurus rather than Diplodocus and is also unlike the skull of Dicraeosaurus, despite its possession of a similar postparietal foramen, a feature unique among Morrison Formation sauropods. Pending reanalysis of Tornieria africana, which also possesses it, the postparietal foramen must be viewed as a symplesiomorphic retention in the Dicraeosauridae, with its loss a synapomorphy of the Diplodocidae, or at least of the North American members of the latter clade.
Physico-chemical properties of flours and starches from selected commercial tubers available in Australia

Physico-chemical properties of flours and starches extracted from the tubers, taro, yam, and sweet potato commercially available in Australia were investigated. Results pointed out that each of the different tubers might be utilized for specific applications in food processing. In contrast to the sweet potato and yam flours and starches, with larger particle size distributions from 28.3 and 251 μm, the taro flour with a mean particle distribution size from 1.067-64.19 μm is better suited in applications where improved binding and reduced breakability is required. Paste clarity of the sweet potato was above 30% light transmittance whereas the other two tubers (yam and taro) had less than 10% light transmittance in both cases. All flours and starches exhibited variable pasting behavior, with starches having a higher viscosity. Among flours, taro had the highest peak and final viscosity. Yam flour and starch were more stable against heat and mechanical treatment. The extracted mucilage from these tubers showed apparent shear thinning behavior. Concentration dependant flow behavior of all mucilage samples was successfully fitted by the Power Law (Ostwald), Hershel Buckley and Casson models.
Efficacy of Three Plant Extracts Against Three Fungi that Cause Papaya ( Carica Papaya L. ) Fruit Rot

: In Côte d'Ivoire, the control of chemical fungal diseases poses residue problems on the papaya. Thus, the use of plant extracts is proving to be a recommended alternative. The objective of this work is to contribute to the fight against postharvest fungal rot of papayas through the use of plant extracts. The effects of aqueous extracts of seeds of Azadirachta indica, Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas at concentration of 50, 125 and 250 mg / ml were determined in three fungal genera, namely Fusarium, Phytophthora and Colletotrichum isolated from papaya. Aqueous extracts of Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis completely inhibited mycelial growth of the three fungal genera at a concentration of 250 mg / ml. The papayas remained rot-free in the presence of seed extract of Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas at the same concentration. However, the toxicity of these extracts should be evaluated .
The Band Gap Energy Calculated for Cd 1x Zn x S Quantum Dots grown by the Sol gel Method

This work reports on a theoretical investigation of a band gap energy in the case of Cd1-xZnxS quantum dots embedded in an insulating material by the Sol gel method. Calculations have been computed as a function of Zn composition going from CdS to ZnS taking account on the excitonic binding energy. The obtained results showed a good agreement with experimental data. Thus, this study confirms the validity of the adopted model and can be considered as a helpful support for designing a variety of devices.