Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XAS determination of the Fe local environment and oxidation state in phonolite glasses

Abstract The Fe oxidation state, coordination geometry, and distances have been determined by Fe K-edge XANES and EXAFS for a set of silicate glasses of phonolite composition produced at different oxygen fugacity conditions with the aim of determining the effect of iron oxidation state and local structural environment on the viscosity of the corresponding melts. Comparison of the pre-edge peak data with those of Fe model compounds with known oxidation state and coordination number allowed for determination of the Fe oxidation state and coordination number for all the glasses analyzed. The Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+) ratio varies from 0.44 to 0.93 (±0.05) in the glasses studied. The determined values are in excellent agreement (within 0.03 difference) with those independently measured by the titration method. Moreover, pre-edge peak data clearly indicate that Fe3+ is in fourfold coordination, whereas Fe2+ exists both in fourfold and fivefold coordination for this phonolitic composition, although the presence of minor amounts of sixfold-coordinated Fe cannot be ruled out by XANES data alone. EXAFS data of the most oxidized sample indicate that Fe3+ is in tetrahedral coordination with = 1.85 Å (±0.01). This value compares well with literature data for [4]Fe3+ (e.g., in tetra-ferriphlogopite or rodolicoite). Calculated NBO/T ratios decrease with Fe oxidation (from 0.23 to 0.19). For phonolitic glasses of this study, going from reducing to oxidizing conditions results in a higher fraction of network-forming Fe, thus increasing the polymerization of the tetrahedral network and producing shorter (and stronger) bond distances. Both the polymerization increase and the structural variations in the Fe local environment can qualitatively explain the strong increase in melt viscosity observed at higher oxygen fugacity
The link between congruent HRM frames and employees' trust in the HRM system. An explorative study at Royal Philips Netherlands.

This explorative case study explored the link between congruent HRM frames of line managers and HR professionals and employees' trust in the HRM system. The case study was performed at one of the business sites of Royal Philips Netherlands. Philips' e-HRM system; the HR Portal was subject of study. A mixed-method approach was used to study the phenomenon from several perspectives. Interviews with HR professionals and line managers were conducted to reflect on their perspectives about the e-HRM system in four dimensions; HRM-as-composed, HRM-as-intended, HRM-in-use and HRM integration. A survey was distributed to the employees to measure the level of trust in the e-HRM system. Frames of HR professionals and line managers were on 88.9% of the topics congruent. Trust in the e-HRM system was indicated as confident trust. Findings suggest that there is a possible positive link between congruent HRM frames and employees’ trust in the system. Results also show that this relationship is more complex. For example, frames of HR professionals showed higher congruence than frames of line managers. Results show that Philips’ should focus on managing accessibility, HR guidelines and HR responsibilities, and managing flexibility, in order to increase congruence in frames.
EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON DRY WEIGHT, PROTEIN PERCENT, HARVEST INDEX, GRAIN YIELD IN WHEAT

Wheat is a major cereal crop in many parts of the world and it is commonly known as king of cereals. Properly applied nitrogen fertilizer has a positive effect on crop yield. At a high level of such fertilization it is advantageous to apply it twice or three times to plants at different stages of development. There is an opinion that mycorrhizal fungi occur in chickpea plants and improve the growth and yield of these plants, especially in phosphorus deficient soil. In this study, research crops planted in 2011, and Khash mountain stage carried the gem industry. This study is a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and all experiments were performed with different levels. To measure this attribute required for analysis (about 250 g) of seeds harvested per plot were randomly selected, were inside the envelope was sent to the labtally after installation. Analysis of variance shows a significant effect on mycorrhiza in 5% of the dry weight, Protein percent, Harvest index, Grain yield of the plant is wheat.
Dune sand transport as influenced by wind directions , speed and frequencies in the Ordos Plateau , China

The Ordos Plateau in China is a region with extensive wind erosion, severe desertification and various aeolian sand hazards. In order to determine aeolian sand transport in this region, the relationship between the sand transport rate and wind speed at 10 min frequencies was established by field observation in both the Qubqi Sand Desert and the Mu Us Sandy Land. Threshold wind speeds (2 m above the ground) for mobile, semi-fixed and fixed dune surfaces were estimated by field observations. The sand transport rate increased with the increase of the bare land ratio and near-bed wind speed. High-resolution meteorological 10 min average wind velocity data at 10 m above the ground were converted into velocity values at a height of 2 m to calculate sand transport potential based on three specific parameters decisive for sand transport: wind speed, duration and direction. The quantity of aeolian sand transported was calculated for various wind speed levels and directions, and the overall characteristics of sand transport on different dune surface types were determined by vector operation techniques. Sand transporting winds took place mainly in springtime. The prevailing wind directions were W, WNWand NW, with a frequency of more than 60% in total, and sand transport in these directions made up more than 70% of the total transport, corresponding to a general southeastward encroachment of aeolian sand in the study area. The relationship between wind frequency and speed can be expressed by a power function. High magnitude strong winds had a low frequency, but they played a dominant role in aeolian sand transport. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Water distribution in foliose lichen species: interactions between method of hydration, lichen substances and thallus anatomy.

Three lichens (Neofuscelia pokornyi, N. pulla and Xanthoria parietina) from a semi-arid habitat were examined using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the effects of hydration method, lichen substances and thallus anatomy on the water distribution of hydrated thalli. In theNeofuscelia species, extracellular water within the thallus was observed in association with cracks in its otherwise impervious upper cortex, while X. parietina showed abundant extracellular water between medullary hyphae. Spraying the thalli followed by maintenance for 14–20 h in a water-saturated atmosphere led to the disappearance of the external water film in X. parietina but not in the Neofuscelia species. Surface water was abundant in specimens of all species immediately after spraying for 15 min. No extracellular water was observed inside the thallus 14–20 h after spraying, but after rinsing with acetone its presence was detected in all three species. Hydric strategy correlated with cortex hygroscopicity: X. parietina, an aero-hygrophytic species, had a more hygroscopic upper cortex than theNeofuscelia species, which are substrate-hygrophytic. The hygroscopicity of the upper cortex was linked with the amount of extracellular water in the thalline interior. Differences between X. parietina and Neofuscelia in the polarity and distribution of their lichen substances agreed with species differences in the presence and distribution of free water both as a film over the surface and inside the thallus. Lichen substances appear to play a role in the maintenance of air-filled intrathalline spaces in species whose anatomy, habitat, or both, favour water-logged conditions.
Experimental and three-dimensional finite element method studies on pounding responses of bridge structures subjected to spatially varying ground motions

Pounding and unseating damages to bridge superstructures have been commonly observed in many previous major earthquakes. These damages can essentially attribute to the large closing or opening relative displacement between adjacent structures. This article carries out an experimental study on the pounding responses of adjacent bridge structures considering spatially varying ground motions using a shaking table array system. Two sets of large-scale (1:6) bridge models involving two bridge frames were constructed. The bridge models were subjected to the stochastically simulated ground motions in bi-direction based on the response spectra of Chinese Guideline for Seismic Design of Highway Bridge for three different site conditions, considering three coherency levels. Two types of boundary conditions, that is, the fixed foundation and rocking foundation, were applied to investigate the influence of the foundation type. In addition, a detailed three-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate an experimental case. The nonlinear material behavior including strain rate effects of concrete and steel reinforcement is included. The applicability and accuracy of the finite element model in simulating bridge pounding responses subjected to spatially varying ground motions are discussed. The experimental and numerical results demonstrate that non-uniform excitations and foundation rocking can affect the relative displacements and pounding responses significantly.
Neonatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a hospital based study

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is amongst the most common medical complications of pregnancy. GDM is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with onset or recognition during pregnancy. It accounts for ∼90% of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes. GDM is associated with adverse outcome for the fetus and newborn (macrosomia, birth injuries, shoulder dystocia, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia and childhood obesity). There is increased risk of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and operative delivery and their associated potential morbidities in women with GDM. More importantly, there is increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in women diagnosed to have GDM with ABSTRACT
Defining the Relationship between Trust, Reputation and Political Skills in Service Business

The aim of this study is to determine effect of the political skills of the managers on reputation and trust. The research data is obtained from 104 employees of different restaurants running in various centers in Ankara. As a result it is find out that the linear relation between managersâ€™ political skills and trust and reputation is statistically significant.
Advantages of the new model of IRI (IRI-Plas) to simulate the ionospheric electron density: case of the European area

Abstract. Satellite telecommunications, positioning and navigation systems require knowledge of the electron distribution in height Ne(h) to high-altitude orbits of satellites. One of the possibilities to construct such profiles is associated with the use of the ionospheric total electron content TEC. This paper is devoted to three advantages of the IRI-Plas model. They include introduction of the topside basis scale height Hsc, expansion of the IRI model to the plasmasphere, ingestion of experimental values of TEC. Testing of this model according to different satellite experiments (CHAMP, DMSP) shows the high efficiency of this model. The method of adaptation of the IRI-Plas model to the plasma frequency at altitudes of CHAMP and DMSP satellites allows us to produce behavior of Ne(h)-profiles during the disturbances, as well as to refine the values of TEC, which determine the accuracy of positioning. Results were obtained using data of the European area.
Understanding the Aggregate Effects of Credit Frictions and Uncertainty

This paper integrates a financial accelerator mechanism a la Bernanke et al. (1999) and time-varying uncertainty into a medium-scale Dynamic New Keynesian model. In our model, uncertainty emerges from monetary policy (policy uncertainty) as well as from financial risks (micro uncertainty) and the aggregate state of the economy (macro uncertainty). We describe the time-variant policy, micro and macro uncertainty using a stochastic volatility model. We use this framework to identify how uncertainty propagates and its interplay with financial frictions. We also investigate how uncertainty affects the propagation of other shocks (TFP, monetary policy shocks).
Stocks as Hedge against Inflation in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL Approach

This article implements autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration to explore whether or not stocks are good hedge against inflation in case of a transition economy like Pakistan, using annual data for the period 1971–2008. Ng–Perron (2001) unit root test is applied to determine the stationarity of the series. The results suggest that stocks act as good hedge against inflation both in the long and short runs. The findings should help formulate appropriate policy to encourage investment in financial markets and thereby promote economic growth.
Race, gender, class and land reform: a case study approach on the land reform for agricultural development (LRAD) sub-programme

ii DECLARATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF ACRONYMS x CHAPTER ONE – THE INTERLINKED NATURE OF RACE, GENDER AND CLASS AS MANIFESTATION OF THE LAND QUESTION IN SOUTH AFRICA 1 1.
Changes in Metabolism in Response to Varying Energy Intake in a Marine Mammal, the Steller Sea Lion

disparate options. Under most When faced with decreases in energy intake, an animal has two conditions, hunger stimulates increased foraging activity, a strategy of short-term expenditure off-set by a reasonable-expectation of foraging success. However, when faced wit increased energy h periods of predictable or prolonged shortages of energy intake (although not necessarily energy availability), the animal should limit energy expenditures.
Preference for Skew in Lotteries: Evidence from the Laboratory

Using a laboratory experiment we investigate how skew inuences choices under risk. We find that subjects make significantly riskier choices when the distribution of payoffs is positively skewed, these choices being driven in part by the shape of the utility function but also by subjective distortion of probabilities. A utility model with probability distortion calibrated on laboratory data is able to explain why most gamblers in public lotteries buy only a small number of tickets.
Information Acquisition and Voluntary Disclosure in an Export‐Processing System

We study a strategic information management problem in the export‐processing trade, where the buyer controls the raw material input and sales and the producer is responsible for production. The production is vulnerable to random yield risk. The producer can exert a costly effort to acquire the private yield rate information and discretionarily share it with the buyer. We develop a sequential Bayesian game model that captures three key features of the system—endogenous information endowment, voluntary disclosure, and ex post information sharing—a significant departure from the literature. The optimal disclosure strategy is driven by the trade‐off between the gains from Pareto efficiency improvement and self‐interested overproduction. It is specified by two thresholds on yield rate: only the middle‐yield producers (with yield rate between these two thresholds) share private information to improve supply‐demand match; the low‐ and high‐yield producers withhold information to extract excess input from the buyer. The buyer in response penalizes nondisclosure with reduced input and rewards information sharing with a larger order. This strategic interaction is further exacerbated by the double marginalization effect from decentralization, resulting in severe efficiency loss. We examine the effectiveness of three corrective mechanisms—vertical integration, mandatory disclosure, and production restriction—and reveal the costs of information suppressive effect and overinvestment incentive and the benefit from concessions on the processing fee. Our study endogenizes the asymmetric supply risk and provides the first attempt to rationalize the strategic interactions of informational and operational incentives in the export‐processing system.
AN ADVANCED MODEL FOR DOPANT DIFFUSION IN HEAVILY IMPLANTED POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON THIN FILMS

This work is dedicated to the study of the transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of boron in polycrystalline-silicon thin films. This phenomenon is a major problem for the development of P+ polysilicon gate metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices; for future polysilicon technologies. The highly doped, P+, gate is made by ion implantation followed by thermal post-implantation annealing. In these conditions, the boron atoms diffuse in a transient and enhanced way which can be some thousand times to some hundred times faster than in equilibrium. At the same time, the solubility limt excess due to the very strong doping level and ion-implantation damages, lead to various complex phenomena sush as dopant trapping, segregation, and clustering. Taken all these phenomena into account, we propose a theoretical one-dimensional two-stream diffusion model adapted to the granular structure of polycrystalline-silicon and to the effects of the strong-concentrations. This model includes dopant clustering in grains as well as in grain boundaries. Moreover, growth of grains and energy barrier height are coupled with the dopant diffusion coefficients and the process temperature based on thermodynamic concepts. The adjustment of the simulated profiles with the experimental SIMS profiles, for short treatment times ranging between 1 and 30 minutes at different temperatures (700, 750 and 800°C), will allow the study of the boron transient enhanced diffusion; as well as the understanding of the grainsgrowth effect on boron diffusion during annealing
Attention Please: Consider Mockito when Evaluating Newly Proposed Automated Program Repair Techniques

Automated program repair (APR) has attracted widespread attention in recent years with substantial techniques being proposed. Meanwhile, a number of benchmarks have been established for evaluating the performances of APR techniques, among which Defects4J is one of the most widely used benchmark. However, bugs in Mockito, a project augmented in a later-version of Defects4J, do not receive much attention by recent researches. In this paper, we aim at investigating the necessity of considering Mockito bugs when evaluating APR techniques. Our findings show that: 1) Mockito bugs are not more complex for repairing compared with bugs from non-Mockito projects; 2) the bugs repaired by the state-of-the-art tools share the same repair patterns compared with those patterns required to repair Mockito bugs; however, 3) the state-of-the-art tools perform poorly on Mockito bugs (Nopol can only correctly fix one bug while SimFix and CapGen cannot fix any bug in Mockito even if all the buggy locations have been exposed). We conclude from these results that existing APR techniques may be overfitting to their evaluated subjects and we should consider Mockito, or even more bugs from other projects, when evaluating newly proposed APR techniques.
Renal tissue damage due to Eimeria coecicola infection in rabbits

Coccidiosis causes considerable economic loss in the poultry industry. The study was designed to investigate the induced damage in renal tissue of rabbits infected with Eimeria coecicola sporulated oocysts. Animals were divided into two groups. The first group acted as the non-infected control group while the second group was infected with 50,000 E. coecicola sporulated oocysts. Infection which induced a weight loss and rabbits output were approximately 1.2 billion oocysts/g faeces on day 7 postinfection. Histological examinations revealed that the renal tissues of the infected animals were damaged, where the urinary space appeared wider, and some kidney tubule cells were vacuolated and the nuclei appeared to be slightly swollen than normal. Both carbohydrates and protein content in the infected renal tissue were reduced. Also, the level of both of urea and glucose in blood plasma were elevated due to infection with E. coecicola sporulated oocysts and reached 25.7 ± 1.1 and 143.8 ± 7.1 mg/dl, respectively. The results obtained from this study suggest that E. coecicola infection induced renal tissue damage.
Prevalence of general, abdominal and waist-to-hip ratio obesity among adults in the north of Iran: An ethnical comparative study

Obesity has remained as a main health problem and substantially increased during the last decade. The aim of this study is the comparison of obesity, central obesity and WHR obesity in 15-70 years old between Turkman and non- Turkman ethnic groups in Golestan Province (north of Iran) in 2013. This was a cross-sectional study on 464 cases (Turkman =166 and non-Turkman=298) who were chosen randomly from 23 clusters. Individuals with a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. WHR (Waist-to-Hip Ratio) ≥ 0.95 cm and ≥0.8 cm was classified as WHR obesity for men and women, respectively. Totally, General obesity and overweight were seen in 30.0% and 28.2% of subjects, respectively. In non-Turkman group, obesity was statistically significant between genders (men=19.4% and women=43.9%)(P=0.001) whereas it was not significant in Turkman group (men=16.4% vs women=30.0%). Central obesity was common in 40.7% of cases with a significant difference between genders (men=22.9% vs women=54.4%) (P=0.001). Compared to Turkman men and women, the prevalence of central obesity was 12% and 19.2% more in non-Turkman group, respectively (P=0.003). In the whole, WHR obesity was common in 62.7% and 63.1% of men and women, respectively. Odds ratio for general obesity and central obesity were 2.791 and 4.021 times more in women than in men, respectively. Compared to Turkman women, odds ratio has obtained 1.826(P=0.025) for general obesity and 2.096 (P=0.004) for central obesity in non-Turkman women. Pearson correlation between age and BMI, WC and WHR was seen (r=0.478, P=0.01), (r=0.596, P=0.01) and (r=0.385, P=0.01), respectively. Finally, obesity, central obesity and WHR obesity are the main health problem in the north of Iran and it was common in non-Turkman more than in Turkman groups.
Animal-agriculture Based Entrepreneurship: Descriptive Norms, Perceived Economic Viability and Behavioural Intention among Final Year Agriculture Related Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Agriculture and entrepreneurship are tools of salvaging poverty, especially among agriculturally educated youths. This study therefore investigated descriptive norms, perceived economic viability and behavioural intention regarding animal-agriculture based entrepreneurship among final year agriculture related students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Four hundred and twenty one copies of randomly administered questionnaires yielded data whose analysis reveal that a little above half of the respondents have 'serious' behavioural intention to engage animal-agriculture based entrepreneurship. Marital status, institutional category and discipline affiliation had significant effects on this behavioural intention (p 0.05). Age and descriptive norms are significantly related to this behavioural intention, but perceived economic viability is the best predictor of same (p<0.01). Being married, a college rather than a university student as well as being in animal-related discipline are associated with greater behavioural intention to engage in animal-agriculture based entrepreneurship.