Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women's Labor Force Participation in Hong Kong: 1991–2011

Abstract Using Hong Kong population census and by-census data from 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011, this study examined the trends and determinants of women's labor force participation (WLFP) in Hong Kong. It looked at the determinants of WLFP from the perspectives of availability, marketability, market demand, and new household economic theory. The results showed that the labor force participation for married women has been rising over the study period, but their availability to the labor market is still constrained by childrearing responsibilities. This is in spite of the fact that their education levels and the existence of domestic help are factors that ostensibly make it more possible for women to stay in the labor force. It also showed that other family members’ income (e.g., the husband's income) is an important factor for women's participation in the labor force, supporting the idea that the decision to stay in the labor force vs. to stay at home is a joint decision of the family. The study also implies that economic restructuring and the fluctuations in immigrant composition influence WLFP.
Sustainability and Shared Value in the Interwar Swedish Copper Industry

This study of the Swedish-based mining company Boliden examines the proactive strategies it adopted to deal with the potential for severe environmental problems associated with the establishment of its large copper smelter in the 1920s. The article demonstrates how international networks, personal experience, and knowledge transfer from the U.S. copper industry help to explain the importance given to environmental issues by the Swedish industrialists. It is suggested that the main explanation for the proactive stance of the Swedish managers is that they perceived excessive pollution as working against creating a profitable and sustainable business. This case provides compelling evidence that firms pursuing an agenda focused on earning profits can still deliver environmental innovation and value to the local community, compatible with the concept of creating shared value.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOLS FOR STUDENTS WITH EMOTIONAL DISABILITIES AND PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR PUBLIC SCHOOL CASE MANAGERS

Title of Dissertation: CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOLS FOR STUDENTS WITH EMOTIONAL DISABILITIES AND PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR PUBLIC SCHOOL CASE MANAGERS Anthony Dwayne Wright, Doctor of Education, 2016 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Margaret J. McLaughlin, College of Education Placement of students with disabilities in private special-education schools remains costly and controversial. This is particularly concerning, given the lack of research on the characteristics and quality of these restrictive settings. The purpose of this study was to identify the academic and vocational course offerings and behavioral supports provided in private special-education schools the serve high school students with emotional disabilities (ED). Second, the research examined the perceptions of the quality of services in these setting from the perspectives of public school case managers. Using a mixed-method design to collect data, 9 administrative heads of private specialeducation schools were surveyed, and 7 public school case managers were interviewed. Results indicated that (a) private special-education schools offer the basic academic core courses needed to meet graduation requirements, (b) vocational options for students enrolled in these schools are quite limited, (c) these schools provide a variety of behavioral interventions and supports, and (d) case managers are concerned with the lack of academic rigor and inconsistent programming at these schools but applauded the notion that students with ED are exiting with a high school diploma. Findings from this study may have policy implications for improving and developing programming options for high school students with ED.
p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 polymorphism and risk of second primary malignancy after index squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

P73 plays an important role in modulating cell‐cycle control, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cell growth. A novel noncoding p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 exon 2 polymorphism was associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We hypothesized that p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 polymorphism modulates risk of second primary malignancies (SPM) in patients after index SCCHN. We followed a cohort of 1,384 patients diagnosed with incident SCCHN between May 1995 and January 2007 for SPM development. Log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare SPM‐free survival and SPM risk between the different genotype groups. Our results showed that patients carrying the p73 variant AT allele were less likely to develop SPM compared with the patients with p73 GC/GC genotype (Log‐rank test, p = 0.013). Compared with the p73 GC/GC genotype, there was a significantly reduced risk of SPM associated with the p73 GC/AT genotype (HR, 0.61, 95% CI, 0.40–0.93) and the combined p73 GC/AT+AT/AT genotypes (HR, 0.59, 95% CI, 0.39–0.89), but a nonsignificantly reduced risk for p73 AT/AT genotype (HR, 0.44, 95% CI, 0.14–1.41). The p73 AT allele was significantly associated with risk of SPM in an allele dose‐response manner (p = 0.011 for trend). The risk of SPM associated with p73 variant genotypes (GC/AT+AT/AT) was more pronounced in several subgroups (e.g., older patients, men, minorities, ever smokers, and ever drinkers). Our results support that this p73 polymorphism may be a marker for risk of SPM among patients with an incident SCCHN. © 2009 UICC
India: Management in an Ancient and Modern Civilization

India, the seventh largest country in the world, is also among the most ancient The nation has had a continuous and documented history from about 2000 B.c. when the Aryans, a pastoral and nomadic tribe from central Asia entered the region. In the centuries that followed, successive waves of invaders and immigrants settled in India, bringing with them their distinct cultures and religions. The richness and diversity of Indian society, as it evolved through the ages, is readily apparent in its literature, architecture, music, and art. The history of modem India begins in 1947 when, after a concerted nonviolent freedom movement, it gained its independence from British rule. Today it is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic comprised of twenty-six states and seven union territories. The country is governed by a constitutional system that closely resembles the British parliamentary model. With an estimated 844 million inhabitants (1991 census), India is second only to China in population, and it is considered to be the world's largest democracy. Approximately the size of Europe, India is strategically located in Asia and shares its borders with Burma, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, and Pakistan. Situated north of the equator, it is bounded by the Arabian
Efficacy of Pulsed and Continuous Therapeutic Ultrasound in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare continuous and pulsed ultrasound therapy with sham ultrasound in terms of pain, severity of muscle spasm, function, depression, and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. DesignPatients were randomly divided into three groups, including the continuous ultrasound group (3 MHz, 1 W/cm2, n = 20), the pulsed ultrasound group (3 MHz, 1 W/cm2, 1:1 ratio, n = 20), and control group (sham, n = 20). The primary outcome measures were severity of pain at rest and during activity (visual analog scale, 0–10 cm). The secondary outcome measures were function (Neck Pain and Disability Scale), depressive mood (Beck Depression Scale), and quality of life (Nottingham Health Profile). All evaluations were performed at baseline, after treatment, and at the 6th and 12th wks. ResultsAll three groups had significant improvements in all of the pain scores, the severity of muscle spasms, function assessments, and certain subparameters of the quality of life scale (P < 0.05). The continuous ultrasound group had significantly greater improvements in pain at rest (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the other parameters (P > 0.05). ConclusionsContinuous ultrasound therapy is more efficient in reducing pain at rest for myofascial pain syndrome patients than is sham or pulsed ultrasound therapy.
Requests and Cultural Norms

Requests, like other speech acts express cultural norms and values of a society. Malaysians are reputed to be aware of status and hierarchical differentials and for their indirectness in discourse. The paper assumes there are differences in the extent of indirectness by Malays, Chinese and Indians, who are the three major ethnic groups in multilingual Malaysia. The writers examine written requests by staff in a private educational institution to a person in authority i.e. the Deputy Director of the institution. These requests come from Malay, Chinese and Indian staff. This paper analyses written requests to determine if: 1. awareness of local cultural variables is reflected in the discourse of requests, and if 2. a difference in the degree of indirectness by the different ethnic groups and across gender exists. The writers argue that teachers of English in a multilingual society must be aware of such variations in discourse styles. Research is essential so that teachers can disseminate such findings to learns.
Skin Permeation of Lidocaine from Crystal Suspended Oily Formulations

ABSTRACT In vitro permeation of lidocaine (lidocaine base, LID) through excised rat skin was investigated using several LID-suspended oily formulations. The first skin permeation of LID from an LID-suspended oily solution such as liquid paraffin (LP), isopropyl myristate (IPM), polyoxyethylene (2) oleylether (BO-2), and diethyl sebacate (DES) was evaluated and compared with that from polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) solution, a hydrophilic base. The obtained permeation rate of LID, Japp, from PEG400, LP, IPM, BO-2, and DES was in the order of DES>BO-2 = IPM>LP>PEG400, and increased with LID solubility in the oily solvents, although LID crystals were dispersed in all solvents. Subsequently, oily formulations that consisted of different ratios of the first oily solvent (IPM, BO-2, or DES) (each 0–20%), the second oily solvent (LP) and an oily mixture of microcrystalline wax/white petrolatum/paraffin (1/5/4) were evaluated. BO-2 groups at a concentration of 5% and 10% had the highest Japp among the oily formulations, although a higher BO-2 resulted in lower skin permeation. In addition, pretreatment with BO-2 increased the skin permeation of LID. These results suggest that the penetration enhancing effect by the system may be related to the skin penetration of BO-2 itself. Finally, mathematical analysis was done to evaluate the effect of BO-2, and it was shown that BO-2 improved the LID solubility in stratum corneum lipids to efficiently enhance the LID permeation through skin.
Keller's Arthroplasty and Mitchell Osteotomy: A Comparison with First Metatarsal Osteotomy of the Long-Term Results for Hallux Valgus Deformity in the Younger Female

We have made a retrospective comparison between the results of 37 Keller's arthroplasties and 36 distal transverse first metatarsal osteotomies performed in female patients between the ages of 25 and 50 years, for the treatment of hallux valgus. The choice of operation depended on the policy of the consultant responsible for treatment, but analysis of the preoperative findings showed that the two groups were similar, allowing comparative assessment of Keller's procedure in the younger middle-aged patient. All patients were assessed 3 to 5 years after operation using an objective scoring system of symptoms, clinical examination, anteroposterior standing radiographs and walking footprints from a Harris Beath mat. The results following a Keller's arthroplasty were excellent in 7 (19%), good in 22 (60%), poor in 6 (16%), and needed revision in 2 cases (5%). In the osteotomy group, 11 (30.5%) were excellent, 19 (52.5%) were good, 5 (14%) were poor, and 1 (3%) required revision
Comparison between on-demand dosing of dapoxetine alone and dapoxetine plus mirodenafil in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION There is partial evidence to support the use of phophodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5-I) for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). AIM We compared on-demand dosing of dapoxetine alone and combined with mirodenafil in subjects with lifelong PE and without erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS Our prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial enrolled 118 subjects with lifelong PE without ED. PE was diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Patients were divided into two groups: dapoxetine 30 mg plus placebo (group A, n=56) and dapoxetine 30 mg plus mirodenafil 50 mg (group B, n=62). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES During 12 weeks, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and the time from foreplay to beginning intercourse (FTIT) with a stopwatch, and Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) were measured. Overall sexual act time (OSAT; sum of FTIT and IELT) was calculated. Any treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were also recorded. RESULTS Over 12 weeks, IELT, OSAT, and PEP index score significantly improved in group B compared with group A (increased geometric mean IELT in group A and B=3.6 and 6.1 minutes, P=0.026; increased geometric mean OSAT in group A and B=5.5 and 9.9 minutes, P=0.012; increased median PEP index score in group A and B=1.0 and 1.3, P=0.046). However, there was no significant difference between two groups with respect to improvement of FTIT (P=0.147). TEAEs did not differ between groups (all P>0.05), and there was no serious adverse event in any subjects. CONCLUSIONS Low dose of dapoxetine combined with mirodenafil showed better results in terms of IELT, OSAT, and PEP index score, and similar TEAEs, compared with that of dapoxetine only. Our results support the suggestion that the PDE5-Is have a potential role in the treatment of PE without ED.
Gated SPECT Offers Improved Interobserver Agreement Compared With Echocardiography

Purpose: Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is a powerful predictor of prognosis in coronary artery disease. The purpose of the present study was to measure interobserver differences for gated SPECT (GSPECT) software and echocardiography, and to compare these modalities regarding left ventricular volumes and EF. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients scheduled for nuclear imaging underwent a 1-day GSPECT with Tc-99m-tetrofosmin. Images were processed by 2 raters who calculated volumes and EF using Cedar-Sinai quantitative gated-SPECT (QGS), Emory Cardiac Toolbox (ECT), and 4D-MSPECT of the University of Michigan. Echocardiographic volumes were measured by 2 raters. Interobserver reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Differences in volumes and EF between echocardiography and GSPECT were compared with t-tests. Results: ICC was 0.61 for echocardiography, 0.94 for QGS, 0.88 for ECT, and 0.91 for 4D-MSPECT (P < 0.0001 compared with echocardiography). For small ventricles (ESV ≤30 mL), ICC was 0.58 for echocardiography and 0.90 for QGS (P = 0.008 compared with echocardiography); 0.77 and 0.73 for ECT and 4D-MSPECT, respectively (P = ns). End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were significantly larger with GSPECT than with echocardiography, also echocardiographic ejection fraction was significantly different from GSPECT. Conclusions: There is better interobserver reliability in GSPECT as compared with echocardiography, and QGS seems more robust in this study especially when it comes to small ventricles.
Exploring Relationship between Financial Literacy and Quality of Life

Financial literacy is one of four key factors, along with sufficient income, access to suitable and affordable financial products and appropriate regulation, identified as necessary for individuals to achieve positive financial outcomes and secure financial well-being. Financially literate consumers are more likely to be informed and confident, and therefore, better able to participate in economic life. Participation in economic life affects quality of life, the opportunities that people can pursue, their sense of security, and the overall economic health of society. The present research is designed to explore the relationship between financial literacy and quality of life. The research is composed of 600 people living in the neighborhood of Cankaya district in Ankara, Turkey. On average, the participants performed lower in the questions assessing formal financial literacy (5.2). There was a slight difference for average scores based on gender. On average, male participants scored slightly higher (5.88) compared with females (4.44). The study finds that there is relationship between financial literacy and quality of life. The findings have important implications for policy-makers, educators, regulators, and researchers interested in financial literacy and quality of life. In relation to consumer protection, when people have higher levels of financial literacy, this can result in more quality of life. Aus. Aca. Acc & Fin. Rev Vol 2(4), Oct 2016, P 296-309
Principles of Amil Zakat and Best Practice Recommendations for Zakat Institutions

Zakat is the third pillar of Islam. Difference with the other pillars of Islam, zakat has a personal and social dimension as a key economic pillar in the economic development and prosperity. In fact, urgency of zakat is the same as the urgency of prayer. In the aspect of zakat division, Islam has set eight groups of mustahiq. Among these group are the collectors and the distribution of zakat (Al-„Amil). Amilin has a strategic functions and duties for developing zakat in Indonesia. The aspects of how classical scholarly opinion regarding the terms of Amilin; the classification, duties, and functions of Amil; and best practice recommendations for zakat institutions will be the main themes of this paper. Keywords: zakat, amil, good amil governance JEL Classification: O150, R290, Z120, Z190
Ralstonia pickettii in environmental biotechnology: potential and applications

Xenobiotic pollutants such as toluene and trichloroethylene are released into the environment by various industrial processes. Ralstonia pickettii possess significant biotechnological potential in the field of bioremediation and has demonstrated the ability to breakdown many of these toxic substances. Here, we provide a description of the major compounds that various strains of R. pickettii are capable of degrading and a brief review of their breakdown pathways and an argument for its use in bioremediation.
Epidemiology of fragile X syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence estimates for fragile X syndrome vary considerably. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to provide an accurate prevalence estimate for this disorder using primary publications in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Data were pooled using Bayesian fixed‐effects and random‐effects models. Primary analyses assessed the frequency of the full mutation and premutation in males and females in the total population (no bias against individuals with intellectual disability) and in female carriers of the premutation in normal populations (biased against individuals with intellectual disability), based on diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction or Southern blotting. A sensitivity analysis included studies using any diagnostic testing method and conference abstracts. Sixty‐eight recorded observations provided data for the primary (56 observations) and sensitivity (12 observations) analysis. Using the random‐effects model, frequency of the full mutation was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.1–3.1) per 10,000 males and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.0–2.9) per 10,000 females (1:7,143 and 1:11,111, respectively) in the total population. The premutation frequency was 11.7 (95% CI: 6.0–18.7) per 10,000 males and 34.4 (95% CI: 6.3–83.3) per 10,000 for females (1:855 and 1:291, respectively) in the total population. The prevalence of female carriers of the premutation in the normal population was 34.4 (95% CI: 8.9–60.3) per 10,000, or 1:291. Sensitivity analyses resulted in similar prevalence estimates but with wider heterogeneity. Prevalence estimates for the full mutation from this meta‐analysis are lower than those in previous reviews of fragile X syndrome epidemiological data. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ACCURACY OF GASTRIC ASPIRATE LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO AND CHEST ROENTGENOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RDS

Gastric aspirate (GA) lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios (L/S) and chest roentgenograms (CR) obtained in the first 24 hrs. of life in 87 infants with respiratory symptoms were analyzed independently. CR diagnosis was made separately by three pediatric radiologists in three categories: definite RDS (D), absent RDS (A) and equivocal of RDS (E). Clinical diagnosis was made in 87 patients (histological confirmation in 19): 34 infants had RDS and 53 had other respiratory problems.The agreement in CR interpretation by the radiologists was tested for the various categories D, E and A by Chi2 analysis and found to be highly significant, p < . 0005. The correlation of the CR diagnosis and clinical RDS, the correlation of GA L/S < 2.5 and clinical RDS, the correlation of the CR category D and the GA L/S < 2.5 and finally the correlation of the CR category A and the GA L/S > 2.5 were all significant by Chi2 analysis, p < . 0005.This report documents the accuracy of both CR and GA L/S when obtained in the first 24 hrs. of life as highly reliable studies for both the diagnosis and exclusion of RDS.
Decision making in euthymic bipolar I and bipolar II disorders

Background The main aim of this study was to compare a large population of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) types I and II strictly defined as euthymic with healthy controls on measures of decision making. An additional aim was to compare performance on a decision-making task between patients with and without a history of suicide attempt. Method Eighty-five euthymic patients with BD-I or BD-II and 34 healthy controls were included. All subjects completed tests to assess verbal memory, attention and executive functions, and a decision-making paradigm (the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). Results Both groups of patients had worse performance than healthy controls on measures of verbal memory, attention and executive function. No significant differences were found between BD-I, BD-II and healthy controls on measures of decision making. By contrast, patients with a history of suicide attempt had lower performance in the IGT than patients without a history of suicide attempt. Conclusions Patients with euthymic BD-I and BD-II had intact decision-making abilities, suggesting that this does not represent a reliable trait marker of the disorder. In addition, our results provide further evidence of an association between impairments in decision making and vulnerability to suicidal behavior.