Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Inhibitory Ability of Ocimum Sanctum Linn (Tulsi) Rinse on Ion Release from Orthodontic Brack-ets in Some Mouthwashes: An Invitro Study

Introduction: In the oral environment, orthodontic appliances are exposed to potentially damaging physical and chemical agents which may cause metallic corrosion. Corrosion will occur continuously in mouth, due to release of irons with abrasion by food, liquids etc. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of metal ion release from orthodontic brackets when kept in different mouthwashes and effect of tulsi rinse on ion release when combined with different mouthwashes. Methods: Three hundred and twenty stainless steel brackets (0.022”) were divided randomly into 8 equal groups and immersed in Mouthwash-A and, Mouthwash-B and mouthwash-C and distilled deionized water. These mouthwashes and distilled deionized water were all separately mixed with tulsi rinse and incubated at 37°C for 45 days. Nickel, Chromium, iron, copper and manganese released from the orthodontic brackets were measured with an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. Results: Ion release in deionized water was higher (p 0.05) in nickel, chromium, iron and copper ion release in the Mouthwash-A and Mouthwash-C. Tulsi rinse showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in all ion release in 3 mouthwashes used along with distilled deionzed water group. Conclusion: If ion release is concerned, Mouthwash-C mixed with tulsi rinse might be better option than Mouthwash-A as well as Mouthwash-B for orthodontic patients with stainless steel brackets.
Effect of Controlled Hypotension with Dexmedetomidine versus Nitroglycerin on Intraoperative Blood Loss during FESS

Bbackground: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a surgical procedure, during which all necessary manipulations are performed using nasal endoscopic video assisted fibreoptic camera. So bleeding has to be minimized, since even small amount of blood may completely obstruct vision. Controlled hypotension is a technique used to limit intraoperative blood loss to provide the best possible surgical field. Methods: After approval by our institutional Ethics Committee, 60 patients were recruited and randomized into two drug groups: nitroglycerine (Group N) and dexmeditomidine (Group D). After induction of anesthesia, an infusion for group N was started with nitroglycerine 0.5-10 μg/kg/min & for group D with dexmedetomidine loading dose of 1 μg/kg over 10 min followed by maintenance infusion rate of 0.20. 7 μg/kg/hr. The infusion rates were then titrated to maintain MAP between 65-75 mm of Hg. Intraoperative blood loss in both the groups was recorded. Results: The target mean arterial pressure is achieved in both the groups with the blood loss significantly less in group D (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is superior to nitroglycerin in reducing blood loss during FESS
Temperature Dependence of 980-nm Oxide-Confined VCSEL Dynamics

Temperature dependence of 980-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) dynamics is reported. Resonance frequency and damping factor of a 7-m active diameter laser have been measured using noise spectra. The primary cause of reduced bandwidth with increasing temperature was reduced photon density. Differential gain is relatively constant for temperatures from 10 C to 70 C, and damping analysis showed there was also no significant change in -factor as a function of temperature.
Strain-dependent fractional molecular diffusion in humid spider silk fibres

Spider silk is a material well known for its outstanding mechanical properties, combining elasticity and tensile strength. The molecular mobility within the silk's polymer structure on the nanometre length scale importantly contributes to these macroscopic properties. We have therefore investigated the ensemble-averaged single-particle self-dynamics of the prevailing hydrogen atoms in humid spider dragline silk fibres on picosecond time scales in situ as a function of an externally applied tensile strain. We find that the molecular diffusion in the amorphous fraction of the oriented fibres can be described by a generalized fractional diffusion coefficient Kα that is independent of the observation length scale in the probed range from approximately 0.3–3.5 nm. Kα increases towards a diffusion coefficient of the classical Fickian type with increasing tensile strain consistent with an increasing loss of memory or entropy in the polymer matrix.
Bisphosphonates: from bone anti-resorptive to anti-cancer drugs.

Bisphosphonates, analogues of pyrophosphates, are utilized as efficient drugs against bone resorption in bone disorders like, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, multiple myeloma, cancerinduced hypercalcemia, and bony metastases. They suppress osteoclastic bone resorption by incorporating with hydroxyapatite binding sites on bony surfaces that undergo active resorption with due interference with various biochemical processes in bone-resorbing osteoclasts, impairing the ability of the osteoclasts and enhancing osteoclast apoptosis. The clinical utilization of bisphosphonates has dramatically expanded during the past 3 decades or more especially for osteoporosis to diminish the frequency of skeletal-related events in patients with breast cancer and myeloma. Some preclinical studies had reported that bisphosphonates exhibit direct and indirect anticancer activities in patients with early breast cancer or symptomatic multiple myeloma exhibiting disease-free survival and overall survival benefits. Moreover, some epidemiological and clinically applied studies concluded that current use of bisphosphonates in healthy postmenopausal women to manage osteoporosis was correlated with a 30% reduction in the risk of breast and colon cancers and ladies who use bisphosphonates had about one half the risk of getting endometrial cancer compared with those who did not use them. Recently, it was reported that addition of bisphosphonates to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) could enhance the antitumor effect of EGFR-TKIs in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer and bone metastasis.
Body Mass Index: from Quételet to evidence-based medicine

The ratio of body weight to squared stature, nowadays known as the body mass index (BMI), was proposed as an index of body shape in the late 19 century. BMI was rediscovered in the late 20 century as an index of body fat and started to be employed in population studies to investigate the association between body adiposity and disease. From these studies, BMI emerged as an important predictor of morbidity and mortality. However, BMI is not a pure index of adiposity because its numerator (body weight) is the sum of fatand fat-free-tissues. Moreover, its association with disease is influenced by other factors such as age, gender, ethnic background, dietary habits and physical activity. Despite these limits, in our era of Evidence-based Medicine, the assessment of BMI is a central step in the evaluation and treatment of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia and other complications of overweight. ∗ Send correspondence to: Dr Giorgio Bedogni, Centro Studi Fegato, Bldg Q, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 / km 163.5, 34012 Basovizza (Trieste), ITALY. Phone: +39-040-3757840; Fax: +39040-3757832; E-mail: giorgiobedogni@libero.it. Giorgio Bedogni, Claudio Tiribelli and Stefano Bellentani 2
Color image watermarking via Quaternion Radial Tchebichef Moments

This paper introduces a new set of 2D transforms, called Quaternion Radial Tchebichef Moments (QRTMs), in color image watermarking. The proposed scheme constitutes the first attempt in moment-based color image watermarking. The watermark logo information is iteratively embedded enhancing its integrity with the application of the majority-vote decision rule in the detector side. Scheme's robustness and imperceptibility, two of the most crucial issues in image watermarking, are investigated under desynchronization and common signal processing attacks including rotation, scaling, JPEG compression, additive noise and median filtering. QRTMs have no numerical instabilities and stay robust under the majority of the attacking conditions overcoming the performance of a recently proposed color image watermarking's scheme. Moreover the image assessment of the produced watermarked images proves the high level of imperceptibility.
A 3mW continuous-time /spl Sigma//spl Delta/-modulator for EDGE/GSM with high adjacent channel tolerance

A continuous-time 4th-order multi-bit /spl Sigma//spl Delta/-modulator for GSM/EDGE is presented. By introduction of a direct feed-forward path from the input to the quantiser, high immunity to adjacent channel interferers is achieved. The dynamic range is 90 dB (>14-bit) over a 240 kHz signal bandwidth. Accurate modelling allows optimisation of excess loop delay, thus yielding a very low power consumption of 3 mW at 1.25 V supply voltage. The modulator is clocked at 26 MHz (oversampling ratio=54). It occupies 0.5 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Origin of Saturn's aurora: Simultaneous observations by Cassini and the Hubble Space Telescope

Outer planet auroras have been imaged for more than a decade, yet understanding their physical origin requires simultaneous remote and in situ observations. The first such measurements at Saturn were obtained in January 2007, when the Hubble Space Telescope imaged the ultraviolet aurora, while the Cassini spacecraft crossed field lines connected to the auroral oval in the high-latitude magnetosphere near noon. The Cassini data indicate that the noon aurora lies in the boundary between open- and closed-field lines, where a layer of upward-directed field-aligned current flows whose density requires downward acceleration of magnetospheric electrons sufficient to produce the aurora. These observations indicate that the quasi-continuous main oval is produced by the magnetosphere-solar wind interaction through the shear in rotational flow across the open-closed-field line boundary.
Adrenocortical Tumors With Myxoid Features: A Distinct Morphologic and Phenotypical Variant Exhibiting Malignant Behavior

Myxoid changes have been rarely reported both in adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas. The recent observation by our group of an adrenal myxoid tumor with morphologically borderline features, but aggressive clinical behavior prompted us to review a series of 196 adrenocortical lesions, comprising 122 carcinomas and 74 adenomas, to define the morphologic, phenotypical and clinical characteristics of adrenocortical tumors with myxoid features. Fourteen cases, including 12 carcinomas and 2 borderline tumors, formed the basis of this report, and were characterized by a variably abundant myxoid component (from 5% to 90% of tumor) and 2 distinct cellular growth patterns: the first (10 cases), mostly associated with a predominant myxoid stromal component, was made of small cells with mild atypia arranged in cords and microcysts; the second (4 cases) was characterized by focal myxoid changes in tumors otherwise similar to conventional adrenocortical carcinoma, with large atypical cells having an eosinophilic cytoplasm and a diffuse or nodular architecture. The above mentioned patterns were absent in all adenomas reviewed. A peculiar reactivity to neurofilaments was seen, mostly associated to the presence of predominant rather that focal myxoid stromal changes, and in 40% of conventional adrenocortical carcinomas, thus representing an undescribed potential pitfall in the differential diagnosis of adrenal lesions. Myxoid adrenocortical tumors probably represent a rare but histologically and phenotipically distinct entity and, although rare cases of benign lesions are on record, they seem to be generally associated to morphologic and clinical features of malignancy.
GASP: software for geometric simulations of flexibility in polyhedral and molecular framework structures

Template-based geometric simulation is a specialised method for modelling flexible framework structures made up of rigid units using a simplified, localised physical model. The strengths of the method are its ability to handle large all-atom structural models rapidly and at minimal computational expense, and to provide insights into the links between local bonding and steric geometry and global flexibility. We review the implementation of geometric simulation in the ‘GASP’ software, and its application to the study of materials including zeolites, perovskites and metal–organic frameworks. The latest version (5) of GASP has significant improvements and extensions, in particular an improved algorithm for relaxation of atomic positions, and the capacity to handle both polyhedral and molecular structural units. GASP is freely available to researchers.
Impurities in silicon solar cells

The effects of various metallic impurities, both singly and in combinations, on the performance of silicon solar cells have been studied. Czochralski crystals were grown with controlled additions of secondary impurities. The primary dopants were boron and phosphorus while the secondaires were: A1, B, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, P, Pd, Ta, Ti, V, W, Zn, and Zr. Impurity concentrations ranged from 1010to 1017/cm3. Solar cells were made using a conventional diffusion process and were characterized by computer reduction ofI-Vdata. The collected data indicated that impurity-induced performance loss was primarily due to reduction of the base diffusion length. Based on this observation, an analytic model was developed which predicts cell performance as a function of the secondary impurity concentrations. The calculated performance parameters are in good agreement with measured values except for Cu, Ni, and Fe, which at higher concentrations, degrade the cell substantially by means of junction mechanisms. This behavior can be distinguished from base diffusion length effects by careful analysis of theI-Vdata. The effects of impurities in n-base and p-base devices differ in degree but submit to the same modeling analysis. A comparison of calculated and measured performance for multiple impurities indicates a limited interaction between impurities, e.g., copper appears to improve titanium-doped cells.
THE APPLICATION OF A CAR CONFIDENCE FEATURE FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CROSS-ROADS USING CONDITIONAL RANDOM FIELDS

The precise classification and reconstruction of crossroads from multiple aerial images is a challenging problem in remote sensing. We apply the Conditional Random Fields (CRF) approach to this problem, a probabilistic model that can be used to consider context in classification. A simple appearance-based model is combined with a probabilistic model of the co-occurrence of class label at neighbouring image sites to distinguish classes that are relevant for scenes containing crossroads. The parameters of these models are learnt from training data. We use multiple overlap aerial images to derive a digital surface model (DSM) and a true orthophoto without moving cars. From the DSM and the orthophoto we derive feature vectors that are used in the classification. Within our framework we make use of a car detector based on support vector machines (SVM), which delivers car probability values. These values are used as additional feature to support the classification when the road surface is occluded by static cars. Our approach is evaluated on a dataset of airborne photos of an urban area by a comparison of the results to reference data. The evaluation is performed for images of different resolution. The method is shown to produce promising results when using the car probability values and higher image resolution.
Blind estimation of nonlinear instantaneous channels in multiuser CDMA systems with PSK inputs

A new method for estimating nonlinear instantaneous channels in a multiuser Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) environment is presented in this paper. This kind of nonlinear models has important applications in the field of telecommunications, e.g. to model uplink channels in Radio Over Fiber multiuser communication systems. The proposed technique is based on the decomposition of a tensor composed of covariances of the chip-rate sampled received signals, the transmitted signals being assumed to be Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulated. The considered tensor-based approach allows a great flexibility on the number of antennas and the spreading factor, which is particularly desirable when identifying nonlinear systems. Two blind channel estimation algorithms are considered: the Alternating Least Squares (ALS) algorithm and a non-iterative algorithm based on Eigenvalue Decompositions (EVD). The performance of the proposed estimation algorithms is illustrated by means of computer simulations.
IFRS Convergence And The Impact To Earning Quality, And Firm Value (Empirical Study In Manufacturing Companies That Have Been Listed In The Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aimed to examine and obtain empirical evidence about the impact of the application of IFRS accounting standards based on the quality of earnings and corporate value for companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used in this research was secondary data, financial reports and other data from manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007 2010 obtained from web site Bursa Efek Indonesia (Indonesian Stock Exchange/IDX). T-test and used for the data analysis result. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that. Firstly results of empirical testing the difference in average earnings quality as measured by the absolute value of the total current accrual (TCA) before and after the convergence of IFRS in Indonesia, shows that there is no significant difference between earnings quality companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as measured with the absolute value of the total current accrual (TCA) before and after the convergence of IFRS in Indonesia. It can be concluded that the results of this test showed that the convergence of IFRS in Indonesia does not have a significant effect on earnings quality companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as measured by the quality of (the absolute value of the total current accrual/TCA). Second, the empirical test results in the difference in average value of the company before and after the convergence of IFRS in Indonesia, shows that there are significant differences between the value of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange before and after the convergence of IFRS in Indonesia. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that there are significant differences between the value of the company before and after the convergence of IFRS in Indonesia. It can be concluded that the results of this test showed that the convergence of IFRS in Indonesia had a significant effect on the value of manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Keyword:IFRS convergence, earnings quality, firm value.
Digestibility and Absorption of Protein in Infants

Proteins in breast milk and infant formulas are often assumed to be well utilized by infants and to cover their amino acid requirements. While this is likely to be largely correct and while insufficient amino acid availability is unlikely, some aspects require further scrutiny. Several proteins in human milk are not well digested and can escape digestion, making a discussion of protein requirements of breast-fed infants necessary. In addition, processing and protein composition of formulas will affect protein digestibility, necessitating a reevaluation of the optimum protein intake of formula-fed infants. The increased use of metabolic indices in infants to evaluate the adequacy of different diets will also demand a better understanding of the physiological events in the gut that precede the amino acid levels in plasma.
A new method for extraction of mandibular first molars in rats

The aim of the present study is to describe a new technique for the mandibular first molar extraction based on tooth section in rats. One hundred and forty Wistar rats, from three different researches underwent general anaesthesia. Each animal was then positioned on a specific board and hollemback 3ss was used to make the syndesmotomy. The mandibular first molars were extracted after tooth section with carbide ¼ drills in a high-speed hand piece under constant irrigation with sterile saline solution. The mesial portion of the first molar was removed with a modified curved mosquito forceps. The distal portion was removed and the socket was closed with 5-0 nylon thread sutures using non-traumatic needles. During the first week after tooth extraction, animals were fed with regular pressed food to avoid post-operatory trauma. This technique is careful and avoid unnecessary trauma, with minimal numbers of fractures (9.3%) and accidents such as haemorrhage (2%). All the reminiscent roots could be removed by the described method. Our technique proved to be an efficient model for future researches on alveolar wound healing with minimal fractures and accidents and provided better post-extraction outcomes for the rats.
Accurate and Efficient Analysis of Printed Reflectarrays With Arbitrary Elements Using Higher-Order Hierarchical Legendre Basis Functions

It is demonstrated that nonsingular higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions are capable of accounting for the singularities of the electric currents at the edges of the reflectarray elements, thus yielding good convergence properties and very accurate results. In addition, the number of Floquet harmonics needed in the spectral domain method of moments is reduced by using higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions as compared to singular basis functions. At the same time, higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions can be applied to any arbitrarily shaped array elements, thus providing the flexibility required in the analysis of printed reflectarrays. A comparison to DTU-ESA Facility measurements of a reference offset reflectarray shows that higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions produce results of the same accuracy as those obtained using singular basis functions.
A Carrier-Storage-Enhanced Superjunction IGBT With Ultralow Loss and On-State Voltage

A carrier-storage-enhanced superjunction (SJ) insulated gate bipolar transistor (CSE-SJ-IGBT) is proposed and investigated. In the CSE-SJ-IGBT, the p-pillar is connected to the Emitter via one diode or two series diodes, which helps to raise the hole quasi-Fermi potential of the p-pillar at the on-state so as to enhance the carrier-storage effect in the drift region (n-pillar and p-pillar) and reduce the on-state voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textbf {CE(sat)}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Moreover, the CSE-SJ-IGBT also can turn off rapidly as the conventional SJ-IGBT. Simulation results show that, under turn-off loss (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{off}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 5 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textbf {CE(sat)}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the 1.45-kV rated CSE-SJ-IGBT is as low as 1.07 V, which is 35% and 40% lower than that of the conventional SJ-IGBT and the field stop IGBT, respectively. Besides, the CSE-SJ-IGBT also offers large design freedom for obtaining excellent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{off}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textbf {CE(sat)}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tradeoff.