Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Capital: Navigating in the New Business Landscape

From the Publisher: Providing an organizational system that helps managers maximize the flow of intellectual capital in their companies, Intellectual Capital presents the insights gained by leading experts from the practice, research, and consulting side of business management. Starting with a definition of intellectual capital and its main components, the book offers a step-by-step "process model" to rooting out corporate inefficiency at all levels. Illustrated with vivid case studies, the book also covers the latest thinking and practices of the "second generation" of intellectual capital practices, from consolidating intellectual capital measures into a single "IC Index" to linking them with shareholder value creation systems.
Perception towards breast feeding amongst working women teachers of a public school in Delhi.

A declining trend of breast feeding (BF) was noticed in the early 1970s, but a decade of intensive campaigning by national and international agencies for BF has reversed this. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude amongst teachers before launching an orientation course in maternal and child health care for them. A structured questionnaire was administered to 62 married women teachers of middle socioeconomic background and education. 98% of mothers knew that breast milk was the nutrition of choice up to 4-5 months of age, and 94% mentioned that BF should be started immediately after birth. 94% of subjects knew that colostrum should be given, 95% were aware that protective substances were present in breast milk. 61% were cognizant of the need to continue BF as long as possible. 92% of the subject knew about improved mother-infant bonding owing to BF. Only 60% knew that lactation provided complete protection against pregnancy during the first 4 months. 615 of the mothers deemed BF in public embarrassing. All subjects were aware that unhygienic bottle feeding caused diarrhea, whereas BF offered protection. Many of them felt that BF should be stopped when the mother had tuberculosis (16%), malaria (55%), and diarrhea (60%). 65% of mothers had misconceptions that diluted top milk should be given even after 4 months of age, while 35% were mistaken that commercial preparations of milk were more nutritious than breast milk. 76% had the erroneous knowledge that high consumption of almonds, cashew nuts and other dried fruits increased the volume of breast milk. 94% of the teachers knew that the child should get colostrum, and almost 37% felt that bottle feeding should be entirely avoided. These results point to the urgent need of starting nutrition education programs for working mothers.
PENGUNGKAPAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SIGNALLING THEORY

Annual report is an information that communicates company and users. Users use it for making economic decision. Regulation about information disclosure in Indonesia is stated by BAPEPAM. Information that is disclosed in annual report groups two types. Two types of information disclosure are mandatory disclosure and voluntary disclosure. Disclosure is about aim of disclosure, for whom, how much, how and when information should be disclosed. Information disclosure consider of cost and benefit. It is difficult to measure cost and benefit especially benefit measurement. This article purposes to explain about disclosure concept, disclosure extent, regulation disclosure and type of information disclosure. It also explains about reducing information asymmetry by giving signal to users through disclosure information. Publishing information can describe company quality. Key words: mandatory disclosure, voluntary disclosure, asymmetry information, signalling theory.
The Coevolution of Cultural Groups and Ingroup Favoritism

Cultural boundaries have often been the basis for discrimination, nationalism, religious wars, and genocide. Little is known, however, about how cultural groups form or the evolutionary forces behind group affiliation and ingroup favoritism. Hence, we examine these forces experimentally and show that arbitrary symbolic markers, though initially meaningless, evolve to play a key role in cultural group formation and ingroup favoritism because they enable a population of heterogeneous individuals to solve important coordination problems. This process requires that individuals differ in some critical but unobservable way and that their markers be freely and flexibly chosen. If these conditions are met, markers become accurate predictors of behavior. The resulting social environment includes strong incentives to bias interactions toward others with the same marker, and subjects accordingly show strong ingroup favoritism. When markers do not acquire meaning as accurate predictors of behavior, players show a markedly reduced taste for ingroup favoritism. Our results support the prominent evolutionary hypothesis that cultural processes can reshape the selective pressures facing individuals and so favor the evolution of behavioral traits not previously advantaged.
Hashtag Recommendation for Multimodal Microblog Using Co-Attention Network

In microblogging services, users usually use hash-tags to mark keywords or topics. Along with the fast growing of social network, the task of automatically recommending hashtags has received considerable attention in recent years. Previous works focused only on the use of textual information. However, many microblog posts contain not only texts but also the corresponding images. These images can provide additional information that is not included in the text, which could be helpful to improve the accuracy of hashtag recommendation. Motivated by the successful use of the attention mechanism, we propose a co-attention network incorporating textual and visual information to recommend hashtags for multimodal tweets. Experimental results on the data collected from Twitter demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve better performance than state-of-the-art methods using textual information only.
Defective co-creation: Developing a typology of consumer dysfunction in professional services

Purpose This study aims to explore the scope of consumers’ defective co-creation behaviour in professional service encounters. One of the founding premises of service-dominant logic (Vargo and Lusch, 2004, 2008) is that consumers co-create the value they derive from service encounters. In practice, however, dysfunctional consumer behaviour can obstruct value co-creation. Extant research has not yet investigated consumers’ defective co-creation behaviour in highly relational services, such as professional services, that are heavily reliant on co-creation. Design/methodology/approach To investigate defective co-creation in professional services, 164 critical incidents were collected from 38 health-care and financial service providers using the critical incident technique within semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Thematic coding was used to identify emergent themes and patterns of consumer behaviour. Findings Thematic coding resulted in a comprehensive typology of consumers’ defective co-creation behaviour that both confirms the prevalence of previously identified dysfunctional behaviours (e.g. verbal abuse and physical aggression) and identifies two new forms of consumer misbehaviour: underparticipation and overparticipation. Further, these behaviours can vary, escalate and co-occur during service encounters. Originality/value Both underparticipation and overparticipation are newly identified forms of defective co-creation that need to be examined within the broader framework of service-dominant logic (SDL).
The Agency Costs of Managerial Indiscretions * Sex , Lies , and Firm Value

We examine a sample of executives accused of indiscretions in their personal lives for actions explicitly unrelated to the operations of their firm. These include accusations of violence, substance abuse, dishonesty, and sexual misadventure. While these actions are personal in nature, we find that they signal substantial agency costs for the firm. Companies of accused executives experience significant short-term and long-term wealth losses, and reduced operating performance in the period surrounding the alleged indiscretion. These firms are also more likely to be involved in shareholder-initiated lawsuits, DOJ/SEC investigations, and are significantly more likely to manage their earnings. While a large proportion of our executives keep their jobs after an alleged indiscretion, we do find that CEOs are significantly more likely to be fired for their missteps. JEL classification: G34, G39
The Emergence of Model Systems to Investigate the Link Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease

Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) have an elevated risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s-related dementias (AD/ADRD). Despite these connections, the underlying mechanisms by which TBI induces AD-related pathology, neuronal dysfunction, and cognitive decline have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss the various in vivo and in vitro models that are being employed to provide more definite mechanistic relationships between TBI-induced mechanical injury and AD-related phenotypes. In particular, we will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each of these model systems as it relates to advancing the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to TBI-induced AD onset and progression as well as providing platforms to evaluate potential therapies. Finally, we will discuss how emerging methods including the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cultures and genome engineering technologies can be employed to generate better models of TBI-induced AD.
Firm Financing Choices in a Thin, Capital Constrained Market

This paper examines the financing choices made by New Zealand firms and the factors that influence those choices over the period 1984 to 2009. New Zealand firms are faced with relatively thin capital markets that lack scale and participation. The paper therefore provides an alternative perspective on how firms raise finance and refinance their activities. The paper finds that there are consistent trends in the financing policies of New Zealand firms, and in the factors that influence those policies, over the period examined. Key factors determining firms’ financing policies are profitability, growth, levels of indebtedness, financing deficits or surpluses, and firm size. In contrast with the United States, New Zealand firms on average issue significantly more debt than equity. However, a significant proportion of firms maintain a consistent policy over time of not issuing debt, while many firms consistently issue and repay debt but do not engage in equity financing.
Autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells induce persistent bone-like tissue in osteonecrotic femoral heads: a molecular mechanism.

disorder that commonly affects 30to 50-year-old individuals. Currently, definitive treatment is limited to total hip replacement. However, recent studies have demonstrated bone regeneration in the femoral head after the infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, local injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells has been shown to regenerate medullary bonelike tissue 3 months after treatment. However, there have been no long-term follow-up studies on humans treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells for osteonecrosis.
Tactical decision making under stress (TADMUS) decision support system

A prototype decision support system (DSS) was developed to enhance Navy tactical decision making based on naturalistic decision processes. Displays were developed to support critical decision making tasks through recognition-primed and explanation-based reasoning processes and cognitive analysis of the decision making problems faced by Navy tactical officers in a shipboard Combat Information Center. Baseline testing in high intensity, peace keeping, littoral scenarios indicated that experienced decision makers were not well served by current systems, and their performance revealed periodic loss of situation awareness. A study is described with eight, expert Navy tactical decision making teams that used either their current system alone or in conjunction with the prototype DSS. When the teams had the prototype DSS available, we observed significantly fewer communications to clarify the tactical situation, significantly more critical contacts identified early in the scenario, and a significantly greater number of defensive actions taken against imminent threats. These findings suggest that the prototype DSS enhanced the commanders’ awareness of the tactical situation, which in turn contributed to greater confidence, lower workload, and more effective performance.
Closed or open intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures? A comparison with conservatively treated cases.

1. A series of 154 patients with 156 femoral shaft fractures treated during a three and a half year period is reviewed. Fifty-four fractures were treated by closed intramedullary nailing, sixty-four by open intramedullary nailing and thirty-eight by conservative methods. 2. All the patients had fresh fractures of a similar degree of severity. Seventy-eight per cent of the fractures were sustained in traffic accidents, and 21 per cent were compound. 3. The technique of closed intramedullary nailing is described in detail. The importance of a complete and faultless armamentarium and a high-quality image intensifier is emphasised. 4. All fractures united within twelve months after the accident. 5. The functional results were assessed upon the basis of walking ability and return to work. Nailed fractures did better than conservatively treated ones, and closed nailing was slightly superior to open nailing. At twelve months after the injury all patients treated by closed nailing walked without a stick, compared with 96 per cent of the cases treated by open nailing and 81 per cent of the conservatively treated patients. The same trend was noted regarding return to work. 6. The benefit of intramedullary nailing was partly dependent on the severity of the fracture and the age of the patient. The most gratifying results of nailing were obtained in patients over thirty-five years of age with severe fractures. 7. Osteitis occurred in one case treated by closed nailing, and low grade wound infections in five cases, representing an overall infection rate of 3·8 per cent. 8. Seventy-four per cent of the patients were examined one to four years after the fracture. There was less angular deformity and more rotational deformity in the nailed than in the conservatively treated fractures. The tip of the nail gave slight discomfort in the trochanteric area in one patient in three. Residual joint stiffness was infrequent in the nailed cases as compared to the conservatively treated ones. 9. The indications for closed intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures are outlined.
The Impact of Telemedicine on Pediatric Critical Care Triage*

Objective: To examine the relationship between pediatric critical care telemedicine consultation to rural emergency departments and triage decisions. We compare the triage location and provider rating of the accuracy of remote assessment for a cohort of patients who receive critical care telemedicine consultations and a similar group of patients receiving telephone consultations. Design: Retrospective evaluation of consultations occurring between April 2012 and March 2016. Setting: Pediatric critical care telemedicine and telephone consultations in 52 rural healthcare settings in South Carolina. Patients: Pediatric patients receiving critical care telemedicine or telephone consultations. Intervention: Telemedicine consultations. Measurements and Main Results: Data were collected from the consulting provider for 484 total consultations by telephone or telemedicine. We examined the providers’ self-reported assessments about the consultation, decision-making, and triage outcomes. We estimate a logit model to predict triage location as a function of telemedicine consult age and sex. For telemedicine patients, the odds of triage to a non-ICU level of care are 2.55 times larger than the odds for patients receiving telephone consultations (p = 0.0005). Providers rated the accuracy of their assessments higher when consultations were provided via telemedicine. When patients were transferred to a non-ICU location following a telemedicine consultation, providers indicated that the use of telemedicine influenced the triage decision in 95.7% of cases (p < 0.001). For patients transferred to a non-ICU location, an increase in transfers to a higher level of care within 24 hours was not observed. Conclusion: Pediatric critical care telemedicine consultation to community hospitals is feasible and results in a reduction in PICU admissions. This study demonstrates an improvement in provider-reported accuracy of patient assessment via telemedicine compared with telephone, which may produce a higher comfort level with transporting patients to a lower level of care. Pediatric critical care telemedicine consultations represent a promising means of improving care and reducing costs for critically ill children in rural areas.
Comparison of regularized inversion methods in synthetic aperture imaging radiometry

This paper is concerned with the reconstruction of radiometric brightness temperature maps from interferometric measurements. The corresponding inverse problem is often ill-posed unless a regularizing constraint is introduced in order to provide a unique and stable solution. Standard regularizing approaches are compared and illustrated with numerical simulations carried out in reference to the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity space mission led by the European Space Agency.
Wine, Food, and Tourism Marketing

* Preface * Non-Resident Wine Tourist Markets: Implications for British Columbia's Emerging Wine Tourism Industry * The Organization of Wine Tourism in France: The Involvement of the French Public Sector * Cider and the Marketing of the Tourism Experience in Somerset, England: Three Case Studies * Positioning an Emerging Wine Route in the Niagara Region: Understanding the Wine Tourism Market and Its Implications for Marketing * An Analysis of Regional Positioning and Its Associated Food Images in French Tourism Regional Brochures * The Role of Local and Regional Food in Destination Marketing: A South African Situation Analysis * Wine and Tourism at the "Fairest Cape": Post-Apartheid Trends in Western Cape Province and Stellenbosch * Policy, Support and Promotion for Food-Related Tourism Initiatives: A Marketing Approach to Regional Development * Seasonality in New Zealand Winery Visitation: An Issue of Demand and Supply * Index * Reference Notes Included
Affective News: The Automated Coding of Sentiment in Political Texts

An increasing number of studies in political communication focus on the “sentiment” or “tone” of news content, political speeches, or advertisements. This growing interest in measuring sentiment coincides with a dramatic increase in the volume of digitized information. Computer automation has a great deal of potential in this new media environment. The objective here is to outline and validate a new automated measurement instrument for sentiment analysis in political texts. Our instrument uses a dictionary-based approach consisting of a simple word count of the frequency of keywords in a text from a predefined dictionary. The design of the freely available Lexicoder Sentiment Dictionary (LSD) is discussed in detail here. The dictionary is tested against a body of human-coded news content, and the resulting codes are also compared to results from nine existing content-analytic dictionaries. Analyses suggest that the LSD produces results that are more systematically related to human coding than are results based on the other available dictionaries. The LSD is thus a useful starting point for a revived discussion about dictionary construction and validation in sentiment analysis for political communication.
Flavonoids in Helichrysum pamphylicum Inhibit Mammalian Type I DNA Topoisomerase

DNA topoisomerases are important targets for cancer chemotherapy. We investigated the effects of a methanolic extract of Helichrysum pamphylicum on mammalian DNA topoisomerase I via in vitro plasmid supercoil relaxation assays. The extracts manifested a considerable inhibition of the enzyme’s activity in a dose-dependent manner. We also performed a HPLC analysis to identify the flavonoid content of the H. pamphylicum extract and tested the identified flavonoids; luteolin, luteolin-4-glucoside, naringenin, helichrysinA and isoquercitrin, on DNA topoisomerase I activity. The measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of the flavonoid standards suggested that the topoisomerase inhibition might be correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the plant.
Essays on the determinants and costs of corporate security offerings

This thesis presents three essays on the determinants and costs of corporate security offerings. The essays contribute to an ongoing debate in the literature on what determines firms? security choice by examining the following issues: ? Does corporate governance influence convertible debt issuance? ; ? The signaling content of security offerings proceeds? ; and ? The costs of raising capital: New evidence. In the first essay, we explore the influence of corporate governance on firms? choice between equity, convertible debt and straight debt. For a sample of Western European corporate security offerings between 1999 and 2010, we find that firms with weaker firm- and country-specific corporate governance are more likely to issue convertible debt. They thus use convertible debt as a substitute for corporate governance, which is confirmed by a more favorable stock price reaction to convertible debt announcements by firms with weaker corporate governance. Moreover, these results suggest that corporate governance is a significant determinant of firms? security choice.The second essay examines the determinants and signaling content of security offering proceeds, controlling for the endogeneity of issue size. For a sample of US equity, convertible debt and straight debt offerings between 1999 and 2011, the findings show that stockholders can partly predict issue size by analyzing firms? funding needs and financing costs. We find that stockholders use predicted issue sizes of equity and convertible offerings as signals of growth opportunities, whilst larger than predicted issue sizes signal issuer overvaluation. For straight debt issues, we find that unpredicted issue sizes have a positive impact on announcement returns, which is consistent with them serving as a signal of growth opportunities. Further analysis of firms? actual uses of predicted and unpredicted offering proceeds confirms these interpretations. The results shed light on previous inconsistent findings on the impact of issue size on security offering announcement returns.The final essay examines the magnitude and determinants of direct issuance costs, controlling for firms self-selecting into different security classes, namely equity, convertible bonds, and straight bonds, and flotation methods, namely non-shelf, shelf and 144a. For a recent sample of US corporate security offerings between 1999 and 2011, findings show that the magnitude of direct issuance costs has decreased over the last decade. These costs are higher for equity than straight bond offerings and of intermediate magnitude for convertible bond offerings. Within each security class, costs are larger for non-shelf than 144a offerings, which again have larger direct issuance costs than shelf offerings. Finally, underwriter spreads are directly related to underwriter effort on due diligence, pricing and selling, and direct issuance costs are truncated by firms? self-selection into particular security types.