Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive picture of baryons in groups and clusters of galaxies

(Abridged) Based on XMM-Newton, Chandra and SDSS data, we investigate the baryon distribution in groups and clusters and its use as a cosmological constraint. For this, we considered a sample of 123 systems, with total masses in the mass range M500 = ~ 10^13 - 4 x 10^15 h_70^-1 Msun. The gas masses and total masses are derived from X-ray data under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry. The stellar masses are based on SDSS-DR8 data. For the 37 systems out of 123 that had both optical and X-ray data available, we investigated the gas, stellar and total baryon mass fractions inside r2500 and r500, and the differential gas mass fraction within the spherical annulus between r2500 and r500, as a function of total mass. For the other objects, we investigated the gas mass fraction only. We find that the gas mass fraction inside r2500 and r500 depends on the total mass. However, the differential gas mass fraction does not show any dependence on total mass for systems with M500 > 10^14 Msun. We find that the total baryonic content increases with cluster mass. This led us to investigate the contribution of the ICL to the total baryon budget for lower mass systems, but we find that it cannot account for the difference observed. The gas mass fraction dependence on total mass observed for groups and clusters could be due to the difficulty of low-mass systems to retain gas inside the inner region. Due to their shallower potential well, non-thermal processes are more effective in expelling the gas from their central regions outwards. Since the differential gas mass fraction is nearly constant it provides better constraints for cosmology. Using our total f_b estimates, our results imply 0.17 < Omega_m < 0.55.
Adapting instruments and modifying statements: the confirmation method for the inventory and model for information sharing behavior using social media

This study aims to confirm the information sharing behavior using social media scale and to vali-date every item and make it reliable as an inventory by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The researcher adapted the measuring instruments for every latent construct from the literature and customized the items to suit this particular study. The study sent the revised questionnaire to 262 respondents in order to gather the pilot study data and able to get 163 filled ones as final data. The set of questionnaires consists of 66 items that assess the 6 constructs. Data is analyzed using SPSS AMOS Version 21.0. The results show that every construct achieved its Bartletts’ Test of Spherici-ty 6.0 with the re-sult of Information Sharing Behavior . 000 and . 871; Intention . 000 and . 782; Belief Expectancy . 000 and . 911; Attitude Influence . 000 and . 925; Readiness For Change . 000 and . 959; and Self-Efficacy . 000 and . 902. The entire item of the construct has exceeded the minimum limit of 0.7 reli-ability of Alpha Cronbach value to achieve the Internal Reliability. The new integrate model has been proposed due to this finding.
ASSOCIATION OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS WITH PRODUCTION TRAITS IN SANTA INÊS AND CROSSBRED SHEEP

The objective of this work was to associate alleles of 13 microsatelite loci located on sheep chromosome 20 (Major Histocompatibility Complex) with performance and carcass traits as well as resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in 138 pure Santa Ines sheep and their crosses with Bergamasca, Texel and Ile de France. The following loci were selected: BM1818, OarCP73, OarHH56, DYA, OLADRB, CP101, OMHC1, DQA2, DQA1, TFAP2A, DQBA27, Bf94_1, and INRA132. Data were analysed in Cervus and SAS ® to determine heterozygosity levels and associations of markers with weight and carcass traits as well as faecal egg count. The markers used demonstrated high genetic variability between the individuals. For carcass traitss, eight significant associations (p<0.05) were observed, as well as a positive association between fecal egg count and two markers on the ovine MHC.
Effect of Workload on Musculoskeletal Degeneration

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of workload on musculoskeletal degeneration. Background: It is important that workers maintain a health body for a long time as a measure of aging workers. In order do so, it is necessary to find out if workload can effect on musculoskeletal degeneration. Method: Epidemiological studies on workload or occupation and disc degeneration, osteoarthritis of knee were identified through database and bibliography searches. Results: Epidemiological studies showed that workload certainly effect on musculoskeletal degeneration. But we couldn"t know which of individual factors and occupational factors further contribute to the musculoskeletal degeneration. And we could find that studies on workload and genetic factors were very few. In addition, there was also very few studies that it was possible interaction between individual factors as obesity and occupational factors as heavy manual lifting. Conclusion: Our reviews suggest that it need to conduct study between workload and genetic factors for musculoskeletal degeneration. This further study can identify attributable risk of workload for musculoskeletal degeneration, and contribute to the measure of aging workers. Application: This paper can help to establish research plan for the measure of aging workers.
Optionality in Merger Agreements

The credit crisis of 2008 and the subsequent collapse of a number of high-profile acquisition transactions put a spotlight on contracting practices that embedded optionality into merger agreements by way of the reverse termination fee and its attendant triggers. This article examines whether reverse termination fees are a symmetrical response to the seller’s judicially-mandated fiduciary termination right and whether such fees represent an efficient transactional term. A series of Delaware cases over the last decade limited the degree to which buyers could rely on deal protection measures in merger agreements to prevent a seller from accepting a superior second bid resulting in a judicially-created fiduciary put. Where courts require seller termination rights, it is possible that buyers might attempt to negotiate symmetrical "optionality" for buyers elsewhere in the merger agreement. This article investigates whether the termination triggers that accompany reverse termination fees are that symmetrical response. Using a sample of 644 acquisitions from 2003 through 2008, which includes 105 transactions where strategic buyers negotiated a reverse termination fee, this article provides an empirical account of the use of reverse termination fees by strategic buyers, including the first taxonomy of reverse termination fee triggers. This article concludes first that reverse termination fee triggers are not a symmetrical response to the judicially mandated seller's fiduciary termination rights. Second, to the extent reverse termination rights mimic termination rights in size, they may be inefficient terms. The results of this study provide some guidance to courts as they are asked to assess the viability of reverse termination fees and the degree of optionality embedded in the modern merger agreement.
Risk-Based Investing in the German Stock Market

The article shows properties of risk-based portfolios in the German stock market. Those systematic strategies use different approaches to weight stocks in portfolios. We present theoretical and empirical characteristics of five risk-based equity investments: the equal-weighted, minimum variance, maximum diversification and risk parity (equal risk budgeting and equal risk contribution) portfolios. Risk-based portfolios outperformed the market-cap weighted CDAX index with a lower level of risk in the period 2002-2015. Their excess returns relative to the CDAX index can be explained with Scherer’s five-factor model; with Fama-French and low-risk anomaly factors. R2s of different strategies range from 77% to 92%.
The Evolution of the Star Formation Activity in Galaxies and Its Dependence on Environment

We study how the proportion of star-forming galaxies evolves between z = 0.8 and 0 as a function of galaxy environment, using the O II line in emission as a signature of ongoing star formation. Our high-z data set comprises 16 clusters, 10 groups, and another 250 galaxies in poorer groups and the field at z = 0.4-0.8 from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey, plus another 9 massive clusters at similar redshifts. As a local comparison, we use galaxy systems selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) at 0.04 < z < 0.08. At high z most systems follow a broad anticorrelation between the fraction of star-forming galaxies and the system velocity dispersion. At face value, this suggests that at z = 0.4-0.8 the mass of the system largely determines the proportion of galaxies with ongoing star formation. At these redshifts the strength of star formation (as measured by the O II equivalent width) in star-forming galaxies is also found to vary systematically with environment. SDSS clusters have much lower fractions of star-forming galaxies than clusters at z = 0.4-0.8 and, in contrast with the distant clusters, show a plateau for velocity dispersions ≥550 km s-1, where the fraction of galaxies with O II emission does not vary systematically with velocity dispersion. We quantify the evolution of the proportion of star-forming galaxies as a function of the system velocity dispersion and find that it is strongest in intermediate-mass systems (σ ~ 500-600 km s-1 at z = 0). To understand the origin of the observed trends, we use the Press-Schechter formalism and the Millennium Simulation and show that galaxy star formation histories may be closely related to the growth history of clusters and groups. If the scenario we propose is roughly correct, the link between galaxy properties and environment is extremely simple to predict purely from a knowledge of the growth of dark matter structures.
Opportunities to sequester carbon in soil: Management of perennial pastures

Carbon sequestration in soil presents an opportunity for agricultural systems to be a net sink, rather than source of atmospheric carbon. It has been suggested that grazing and nutrient management of perennial pastures are the main drivers of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. This paper outlines results from investigations into carbon concentration and carbon stock under perennial pastures in southeastern NSW. Forty eight sites were sampled at regular depth intervals to 0.70 m. Comparisons included: i) soil type (basaltvs granite-derived), ii) climate (summer dominant vs equiseasonal rainfall), iii) pasture type (native vs introduced perennial pasture), iv) grazing management (continuously vs rotationally grazed) and v) soil fertility. There was a significant difference in the mass of C in soil due to soil type (P <0.001) and climate (P = 0.008). Basalt derived soils had an average of 159 Mg C ha to 0.70 m, deep granite-derived soils had 76 Mg C ha and shallow granite-derived soils had 43 Mg C ha. Pasture type did not significantly influence the mass of C in soil and soil fertility and grazing management explained some of the variation in C mass. URLs: www.regional. org.au/au/asa/2012 www.regional. org.au/au/asa/2012/climatechange/8138_orgillse. htm http://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/R/-? func=dbin-jumpfull&object_id=40600&local_base=GEN01-CSU01 Author Address: jcondon@csu.edu.au CRO Identification Number: 40600
The Impact of Customer-to-Customer Interaction on Cruise Experience and Vacation Satisfaction

While the role of customer-to-customer (C2C) interaction in shaping service experience has been recognized in the services marketing literature, empirical examination of this issue is limited. Similarly, investigation of tourists’ social contacts has mainly focused on the tourist—local community and tourist—service personnel dyads, while much less is known about tourist-to-tourist interactions. To fill this knowledge gap, this study has examined interaction between tourists on cruise vacations and its impact on the cruise experience and vacation satisfaction. An online survey is conducted with an American online panel (n = 613). The findings reveal that the quality of C2C interaction has positive direct impacts on the cruise experience as well as indirect effects on vacation satisfaction, mediated by cruise experience. Moreover, the quality of C2C interaction has suppressor effects on the quantity of C2C interaction. The results call for the incorporation of C2C interaction as one component of the relationship marketing theory.
What are the Relationships Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior?—An Empirical Study

Background: In the turbulent environment of hospitals, how the transformational leadership (TL) affects the citizenship behavior of nurses would be a crucial issue. Leader behaviors appear to play a key role in influencing organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). Besides, job characteristics (JC) are important determinants of OCB and deserve more attention in future research. However, there is a paucity of research focusing on TL, JC, OCB, and empowerment, respectively among nurses. Aims: The purpose of this study particularly determined the mediating effects of empowerment on the relationship between TL, JC and OCB. Additionally, the hypotheses were tested. Methods: The self-administered questionnaire was conducted for data collecting. Three hundred and seventy-nine nurses participated in this study. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were applied via the AMOS computer software. Results: The results showed that TL had significant positive relationships with JC and OCB. JC also significantly related to OCB. Besides, the results supported the hypothesis that empowerment had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between JC and OCB. However, empowerment did not mediate the relationship between TL and OCB. Conclusion: The finding suggests that nursing managers should improve TL and place greater emphasis on enhancing subordinates' empowerment in order to move up their OCB. The results of this study would help them to do the leadership more successfully and efficiently.
Income smoothing: a study of the health sector’s credit unions

Purpose – The aim of this study was to verify whether the credit unions affiliated to Brazilian Confederation of Central Cooperatives (UNICRED) manage their accounting results, in order to reduce the variability of the institution’s returns and transmit a sense of solidity to its members. Design/methodology/approach – The method adopted was the Classic Linear Regression Model with Panel Data, estimated by Feasible Generalized Least Squares for fixed effects and corrections for heteroscedasticity. The sample was made up of 113 credit unions affiliated to UNICRED systems, over the 2001-2011 period, and data was made available by Central Bank of Brazil. Findings – The analysis, carried out through non-discretionary results on credit operations in order to explain the changes in net expenses of provision on credit operations, indicated there was smoothing of results. Thus, we can infer that the credit unions affiliated to UNICRED make use of earnings management in the income smoothing modality. Originality/value – This study contributes to the issue of Accounting Results Management, and corroborates that there are indications that, in the occurrence of higher non-discretionary results, credit unions tend to maximize provisions. Similarly, in the occurrence of lower non-discretionary results, they tend to minimize provisions, making evident the search for smaller variability in results, thus signaling mitigation of risks.
High Baseline CD 4 Count and Exclusive Breastfeeding Are Associated with Lower Rates of Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Northwestern Uganda : A Two-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Background. Under Option B plus, the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) along the Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV cascade remains unknown.We describedHIV transmission along the EID cascade and determined associated factors at Arua Regional Referral Hospital, Northwestern Uganda. Methods. Data on 295 mother-baby pairs in EID care (January 2014 and April 2015) was extracted, cleaned, and analysed in STATA. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Independently associated factors were stated in adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values. Results. 233 (89.0%) mothers were above 30 years, 251 (85.1%) were in World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages I/II at enrolment, 170 (57.6%) attended antenatal care (ANC) visits during recent pregnancy, and 204 (69.1%) delivered in a health facility. Meanwhile, 257 (87.1%) HIV Exposed Infants (HEIs) received Nevirapine prophylaxis from birth up to 6 weeks and 245 (83.0%) were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months. Of 295mother-baby pairs, 25 (8.5%) HEIs turned HIV-positive along the EID cascade. Baseline maternal CD4 count ofmore than 500 cells/ul compared to less than 500 cells/ul (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.29; 95%Confidence Interval (CI): 0.10–0.85; p = 0.024) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 months of delivery in contrast to not EBF in the first 6months (AOR= 0.17; 95%CI: 0.52–0.55; p = 0.003) reducedHIV transmission.Meanwhile, ANC visits, place of delivery, time of Nevirapine initiation, and maternal antiretroviral therapy use were not significantly associated with infant HIV transmission. Conclusion. HIV transmission was high. High baseline CD4 count and exclusive breastfeeding reduced HIV transmission.
Bone Substitute Materials in Modern Dentistry

People lose their teeth because of various causes. After the tooth loss, alveolar ridge resorption occurs, and then implantation becomes a challenge for the oral surgeon. On purpose to create sufficient properties for implantation, various procedures are being performed with teeth extraction in order to protect the bone, if the tooth was lost earlier – bone augmentation procedures may be performed to recreate the bone volume. Materials that are used for bone augmentation according to the origin may be classified as follows: autogenous, xenogenous, allogenous and alloplastic or synthetic. This article purpose is to review the bone substitute materials that are the most used nowadays.
The Impact of Nominal GDP and Inflation on the Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Malaysia

The aim of this paper is to analyse the financial performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia measured using ratio analysis of profitability, liquidity, credit risk and impaired financing performance. The study also includes determining the impact of nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation rates on the variables of profitability, liquidity, credit risk and impaired financing performance during the period spanning from year 2007 to year 2011. The result of regression shows that nominal GDP has significant impact on macroeconomic variables such as return on average asset, liquidity ratio and equity to net loans. Therefore, there are only certain macroeconomic variables that have significant impact towards nominal GDP. As for the log-linear regression between nominal GDP and inflation rate as the dependent variables, the results shown that nominal GDP has significant and positive impact on ROAA (return on average asset) and liquidity ratio and EQL (equity to total liquidity). However, as for inflation rate, the results shown that the inflation rate has negative correlation with profitability ratio (ROAE and ROAA). Furthermore, surprisingly the inflation rates have no significant impact on the profitability ratio. The constraint of this paper is the limitation of time series period data on some of the economic variable as well as relying in the use of basic linear regression analysis.
The trophic biology of the holothurian Molpadia musculus : implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

Abstract. Megafaunal organisms play a key role in ecosystem functioning in the deep-sea through bioturbation, bioirrigation and organic matter cycling. At 3500 m water depth in the Nazare Canyon, NE Atlantic, very high abundances of the infaunal holothurian Molpadia musculus were observed. To quantify the role of M. musculus in sediment cycling, sediment samples and holothurians were collected using an ROV and in situ experiments were conducted with incubation chambers. The biochemical composition of the sediment (in terms of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), the holothurians' gut contents and holothurians' faecal material were analysed. In the sediments, proteins were the dominant organic compound, followed by carbohydrates and lipids. In the holothurian's gut contents, protein concentrations were higher than the other compounds, decreasing significantly as the material passed through the digestive tract. Approximately 33±1% of the proteins were digested by the time sediment reached the mid gut, with a total digestion rate equal to 67±1%. Carbohydrates and lipids were ingested in smaller amounts and digested with lower efficiencies (23±11% and 50±11%, respectively). As a result, the biopolymeric C digestion rate was on average 62±3%. We estimated that the population of M. musculus could remove approximately 0.49±0.13 g biopolymeric C and 0.13±0.03 g N m−2 d−1 from the sediments. These results suggest that M. musculus plays a key role in the benthic tropho-dynamics and biogeochemical processes in the Nazare Canyon.
A Facile and Mild Method for Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles in the Presence of Various Surfactants

NiO nanoparticles have been prepared by a simple and efficient chemical precipitation method with the aid of a surfactant. In this method, NiO2 (nickel peroxide) was first prepared by oxidation of nickel (II) nitrate with hypochlorite solution. The as-prepared NiO2 was then easily converted to nanosized NiO merely by treating it with ethanol at room temperature. The fabricated NiO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM, and EDX techniques. The effect of three different surfactants viz., SLES, CTAB and Triton X-100 on the formation of NiO nanoparticles was also studied
Credit Risk, Credit Rationing, and the Role of Banks: The Case of Risk Averse Lenders

The standard situation of ex post information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders is extended by risk aversion and heterogenous levels of reservation utility of lenders. In a situation of direct contracting optimal incentive compatible contracts are valuable for both, borrowers and lenders. However, there may appear credit rationing as a consequence of borrowers optimal decision making. Introducing a bank into the market increases total wealth due to the appearance of a portfolio effect in the sense of first order stochastic dominance. It can be shown that this effect may even reduce the problem of credit rationing provided it is sufficiently strong.
An eye-tracking study of inanimate objects

Unlike the animate objects, where participants were consistent in their looking patterns, for inanimates it was difficult to identify both consistent areas of fixations and a consistent order of fixations. Furthermore, in comparison to animate objects, inanimates received significantly shorter total looking time, shorter longest looks and a smaller number of overall fixations. However, as with animates, looking patterns did not systematically differ between the naming and non-naming conditions. These results suggested that animacy, but not labelling, impacts on looking behaviour in this paradigm. In the light of feature-based accounts of semantic memory organization, one could interpret these findings as suggesting that processing of the animate objects is based on the saliency/diagnosticity of their visual features (which is then reflected through participants eye-movements towards those features), whereas processing of the inanimate objects is based more on functional features (which cannot be easily captured by looking behaviour in such a paradigm).