Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic modeling of a high-power three phase bi-directional IPT system

The demand for high power and bi-directional Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems is on the rise due mainly to applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. Three phase bi-directional IPT systems can be considered as a viable option for high power applications as they are more efficient especially at elevated power levels due to lower track currents and lower DC ripple currents in comparison to single-phase bi-directional IPT systems. This paper proposes a new IPT system that adopts a three-phase magnetic circuit for both primary and secondary sides of the system. Analyses related to design of the magnetic circuit for a 10 kW system are presented and validated by 3D simulations using JMAG Studio 10.0™ for four different magnetic circuit configurations. Based on the results, the most effective design is used for further simulations in MATLAB Simulink environment to show that the proposed three-phase IPT system is capable of delivering 10 kW as per design specifications.
Estimation of shape parameter for generalized Gaussian distributions in subband decompositions of video

A subband decomposition scheme for video signals, in which the original or difference frames are each decomposed into 16 equal-size frequency subbands, is considered. Westerink et al. (1991) have shown that the distribution of the sample values in each subband can be modeled with a "generalized Gaussian" probability density function (PDF) where three parameters, mean, variance, and shape are required to uniquely determine the PDF. To estimate the shape parameter, a series of statistical goodness-of-fit tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov or chi-squared tests have been used. A simple alternative method to estimate the shape parameter for the generalized Gaussian PDF is proposed that significantly reduces the number of computations by eliminating the need for any statistical goodness-of-fit test. >
Electromyographic Biofeedback in the Treatment of the Hemiplegic Hand: A Placebo-Controlled Study

Armagan O, Tascioglu F, Oner C: Electromyographic biofeedback in the treatment of the hemiplegic hand: A placebo-controlled study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:856–861. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback treatment in the functional recovery of the hemiplegic hand. Design A total of 27 patients were randomly assigned to EMG biofeedback or placebo EMG biofeedback groups. Both treatments were applied five times a week for a period of 20 days. In addition, the patients in both groups received an exercise program according to the Brunnstrom’s neurophysiologic approach. Goniometric measurements for wrist extension, scale for judging the performance of drinking from a glass, Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery for hand, and surface EMG potentials were used for the clinical assessments. All patients were assessed before treatment and after 20 treatment sessions. Results The results showed that there were statistically significant improvements in all variables in both groups, but the improvements in active range of motion and surface EMG potentials were significantly greater in the EMG biofeedback group at the end of the treatment. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the potential benefits of EMG biofeedback in conjunction with neurophysiologic rehabilitation technique to maximize the hand function in hemiplegic patients.
Cerebellar Calification: A Possible Marker of Lead Poisoning

An unusual form of calcification in the cerebellum has been observed in routine autopsies in Queensland over the past 30 years. In 4 surveys carried out at intervals between 1951 and 1976 the lesion has been found microscopically in 10 to 15% of autopsies. There is a significant correlation between cerebellar calcification and raised lead levels in bone.
Low-dose loxapine in the treatment of schizophrenia: is it more effective and more "atypical" than standard-dose loxapine?

Loxapine is chemically related to clozapine and shares with it and other atypical antipsychotic drugs relatively greater affinity for serotonin (5-HT)2A than for dopamine D2 receptors. However, as is the case for risperidone, the occupancy of 5-HT2A and D2 receptors can range from partial to full, depending upon the dose. It was, therefore, of interest to determine whether loxapine at low doses (< 50 mg/day) might be at least as or more effective and more tolerable than usual clinical doses (> or = 60 mg/day). We retrospectively examined data from 75 patients treated with loxapine and found psychopathology data from 10 and 12 patients treated with low-dose or standard-dose loxapine, respectively. No data were available on the other 53 patients, 28 of whom were initially treated with low-dose and 25 with standard-dose loxapine. For those treated for at least 6 weeks, there was evidence of equivalent efficacy for both low- and standard-dose loxapine with regard to improvement in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Global Assessment Scale scores. There were 6 patients with a history of neuroleptic resistance among the 22 completers. Four of the low-dose group (40%) and 8 of the standard-dose group (67%) had at least a 20% decrease in BPRS total scores. Further study of the dose-response curve for loxapine and its usefulness in treating neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia is indicated.
DISCOVERY OF FOUR HIGH PROPER MOTION L DWARFS, INCLUDING A 10 pc L DWARF AT THE L/T TRANSITION,

We discover four high proper motion L dwarfs by comparing the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to the Two Micron All Sky Survey. WISE J140533.32+835030.5 is an L dwarf at the L/T transition with a proper motion of 0.85 ± 0. ″02 yr−1, previously overlooked due to its proximity to a bright star (V ≈ 12 mag). From optical spectroscopy we find a spectral type of L8, and from moderate-resolution J band spectroscopy we find a near-infrared spectral type of L9. We find WISE J140533.32+835030.5 to have a distance of 9.7 ± 1.7 pc, bringing the number of L dwarfs at the L/T transition within 10 pc from six to seven. WISE J040137.21+284951.7, WISE J040418.01+412735.6, and WISE J062442.37+662625.6 are all early L dwarfs within 25 pc, and were classified using optical and low-resolution near-infrared spectra. WISE J040418.01+412735.6 is an L2 pec (red) dwarf, a member of the class of unusually red L dwarfs. We use follow-up optical and low-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy to classify a previously discovered fifth object WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 as an (L8 Opt/L9 NIR), confirming it as an L dwarf at the L/T transition within 10 pc. WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 shows tentative CH4 in the H band, possibly the result of unresolved binarity with an early T dwarf, a scenario not supported by binary spectral template fitting. If WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 is a single object, it represents the earliest onset of CH4 in the H band of an L/T transition dwarf in the SpeX Library. As very late L dwarfs within 10 pc, WISE J140533.32+835030.5 and WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 will play a vital role in resolving outstanding issues at the L/T transition.
Dry deposition fluxes and mass size distributions of Pb, Cu, and Zn measured in southern Lake Michigan during AEOLOS

As part of the Atmospheric Exchange Over Lakes and Oceans Study (AEOLOS) the dry deposition fluxes and atmospheric size distributions (ASDs) of anthropogenic metals were measured over the southern basin of Lake Michigan. The measurements were made during winter, summer, and fall, concurrently, in Chicago, IL; over Lake Michigan onboard the U.S. EPA RV Lake Guardian; and in South Haven, MI. The flux of Pb, Cu, and Zn was substantially higher in Chicago than in either South Haven or over Lake Michigan. The average measured Pb, Cu, and Zn fluxes were 0.07, 0.06, and 0.20 mg/m 2 . day in Chicago; 0.003, 0.01, and 0.01 mg/m 2 . day over Lake Michigan; and 0.004, 0.007, and 0.004 mg/m 2 . day in South Haven. When the wind was from Chicago over the lake, the fluxes and concentrations measured over the lake were higher than when the wind was from other directions. In general, these anthropogenic metals had higher concentrations in the fine particle mode than in the coarse particle mode. Modeled and measured fluxes were in reasonable agreement. Coarse particles were found to be responsible for the majority of the flux at all locations.
A new animal model for local pancreatitis , ventral pancreatic duct ligation in the adult house musk shrew , Suncus murinus

Various animal models for pancreatitis, using large or small animal models, have been established to study pathophysiology, structure, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic disorders. Obstruction of the pancreatic duct is considered to play an important role in the progression of acute and chronic pancreatitis in humans. For this reason, many studies using pancreatic duct ligation animals have been reported. The right lobe of pancreas in Suncus murinus unlike other animals such as rat and mouse is supplied by independent pancreatic duct, vessels and innervation, and similar to the ventral pancreas in human embryo. The characteristic can be utilized as a model to study the mechanism of local pancreatitis and pancreatic fibrosis. In this study, the pancreatic duct of right lobe was ligated selectively in Suncus. Inflammatory cell infiltration, irregular widening and dilations in the pancreatic duct and/or around the surrounding tissues appeared in the early stage and the fibrosis signs were detected in two-three weeks after ligation operation. The related factors of pancreatic fibrosis, α-SMA and collagen type I were assayed by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, the present experiment was designed to ligate selectively the ventral pancreatic duct to establish a ventral pancreatitis and pancreatic fibrosis model by using Suncus special anatomical structure of pancreas. The procedure of ligation was simple, not to cause any harm to the surrounding tissues, it is an available experimental model that can be used to study this mechanism of pancreatitis and pancreatic fibrosis.
Performance failure of an evidence-based upper respiratory infection clinical guideline.

BACKGROUND We evaluated an upper respiratory infection (URI) clinical guideline to determine if it would favorably affect the quality and cost of care in a health maintenance organization. METHODS Patients with URI symptoms contacting 4 primary care practices before and after guideline implementation were compared to ascertain what proportion of all patients with respiratory symptoms were eligible for treatment in accordance with the URI guideline; what proportion of eligible patients were managed without an office visit; and what proportion of eligible patients were treated with antibiotics, before and after guideline implementation. RESULTS A total of 3163 patients with respiratory symptoms were identified. Of these, 59% (n = 1880) had disqualifying symptoms or comorbid conditions for URI guideline care, and 28% (n = 1290) received disqualifying diagnoses on the day of first contact, leaving 13% (n = 408) who received a diagnosis of URI and were eligible for care in accordance with the guideline. Among this group of patients, the proportion who received guideline-recommended initial telephone care was 45% preguideline and 47% postguideline (chi2 = 0.40; P = .82). Likelihood of a subsequent office visit increased from pre- to postguideline (chi2 = 17.1; P <.01), although the majority of patients had no further diagnoses other than URI. Antibiotic use for the initial URI diagnosis declined from 24% preguideline to 16% postguideline (chi2 = 3.97; P = .046), but antibiotic use during 21-day follow-up did not change (F = 0.46, P = .66). The mean cost of initial care was $37.80 preguideline and $36.20 postguideline (P >.05). CONCLUSIONS Only 13% of primary care patients with respiratory symptoms were eligible for URI guideline care. Among eligible patients, use of the guideline failed to decrease clinic visits, decrease antibiotic use during a 21-day period, or reduce cost of care to the health plan.
Effects of a microbubble contrast agent on breast tumors: computer-assisted quantitative assessment with color Doppler US--early experience.

PURPOSE To evaluate objectively the effects of a microbubble contrast agent on the color Doppler ultrasound (US) examination of breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients aged 23-71 years underwent color Doppler US before and after intravenous injection of a microbubble contrast agent. A 3-minute computer-assisted assessment of the color pixel density (CPD) was used to evaluate objectively the increase in the number of color Doppler US signals, the transit time of the microbubble bolus, and the potential additional differential diagnostic information. RESULTS Peak CPD at contrast agent-enhanced color Doppler US was 14.3% +/- 8.1 (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) for carcinomas and 9.3% +/- 4.9 for benign lesions (P = .04). The time to peak enhancement was shorter in carcinomas (38 seconds +/- 20) than in benign tumors (71 seconds +/- 48, P = .02). Final CPD was close or equal to baseline values. With the median of 13% for peak CPD as a threshold, the sensitivity for this parameter was 55%, the specificity was 79%, and the accuracy was 62% (P = .04). For a median time to peak of 50 seconds, the sensitivity was 84%, the specificity was 57%, and the accuracy was 76%. CONCLUSION After microbubble contrast agent injection, carcinomas and benign lesions behave differently in degree, onset, and duration of Doppler US enhancement. High interindividual variability and temporal variations in the Doppler US signal still limit the value of these criteria for prospective diagnosis.
Fast procedure for the calculation of maximum slot filling factors in electrical machines

This paper presents an algorithm for the calculation of maximum slot filling factor in electrical machines. The determination of whole wire cross section that occupy the area of a stator slot is very important in order to estimate the copper losses: the greater is the filling factor the lower are copper losses. The main goal of this paper is to define a simple algorithm for the determination of slot filling factors suitable for all type of slot profiles. The algorithm can be considered as an additional useful tool for the fast design of electrical machine windings.
Body mass index and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

The aims of our meta‐analysis were to examine the pattern and gender's influence on body mass index (BMI) – pneumonia relationship. Published studies were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases using keywords of pneumonia, BMI and epidemiologic studies. Random‐effects analysis was applied to estimate pooled effect sizes from individual studies. The Cochrane Q‐test and index of heterogeneity (I2) were used to evaluate heterogeneity, and Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Random‐effects meta‐regression was applied to examine the pattern and gender's influence on BMI–pneumonia relationship.
Discursive Approaches to Understanding Teacher Collaboration: Policy into Practice

The papers herein are all about looking at actual talk by collaborating language and subject matter teachers as a way of understanding how language in education policies play out in pedagogical practices. All are about Englishmedium instruction in multilingual classrooms, either primary or secondary located in Asia, Australia, or the United Kingdom. All argue and illuminate that these collaborative pedagogical relationships are interactionally and epistemologically complex, although educational policies more often than not treat them as unproblematic and straightforward. Across national contexts, language education policies addressing the role of teaching English as a second or additional language (ESL or EAL) in relation to content (subject area, mainstream) teaching tend to speak in terms of partnership, collaboration, and support. The papers herein demonstrate however that these collegial relationships are often constituted in unequal and hierarchical ways, in terms of both the teachers’ professional identities and their pedagogical knowledge. These papers, then, take a critical look at policy into practice, using precise and detailed discursive analytical approaches to do so. In scrutinizing actual teacher discourse samples whether from classroom interaction, teachers’ planning sessions, or interviews and questionnaires the authors variously draw from an array of conceptual and methodological resources in order to tease apart the forms, functions, and meanings that teacher-to-teacher talk takes in specific instances. These analytical resources include the sociolinguistics of Hymes, the systemic functional linguistics of Halliday, the discursive positioning theory of Harré, sociocultural learning theories of Vygotsky, Lave, and Wenger, input-interactionist language learning theories of Long and Pica, and critical discourse analysis of Fairclough. In every case, the present authors’ creative and disciplined use of innovatively juxtaposed analytical tools yields rich new heuristic frameworks and conceptual insights in turn.
G-protein Coupled Receptor Dimerization

A growing body of evidence suggests that GPCRs exist and function as dimers or higher oligomers. The evidence for GPCR dimerization comes from biochemical, biophysical and functional studies. In addition, researchers have shown the occurrence of heterodimerization between different members of the GPCR family. Two receptors can interact with each other to make a dimer through their extracellular loops, transmembrane helices and intracellular loops. The nature of bonds between two receptors can vary from covalent (e.g. disulphide bonds) to non-covalent (for instance hydrophobic interactions between trans-membrane helices or coiled coil structures) or a combination of both. Dimerization can occur in and affect different stages of a receptors life, namely trafficking, signaling and internalization, and can be seen as the natural way to regulate receptor activity or increase the functional repertoire of proteins. Different structures for GPCR dimers have been proposed, for example a simple contact dimer or an interlocking domain-swapped structure. Here we introduce some of the information available on GPCR dimerization, which includes early studies that had been dismissed until the relatively recent past and some of the more recent data which has vindicated these early studies.
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Strains Produce a Novel Major Outer Membrane Protein during Predacious Growth in the Periplasm of Prey Bacteria

ABSTRACT Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium that is capable of invading a number of gram-negative bacteria. The life cycle of this predator can be divided into a nonreproductive phase outside the prey bacteria and a multiplication phase in their periplasm. It was suggested that during the reproduction phase, B. bacteriovorus reutilizes unmodified components of the prey's cell wall. We therefore examined the outer membranes of B. bacteriovorus strains HD100 (DSM 50701) and HD114 (DSM 50705) by using Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Pseudomonas putida as prey organisms. The combined sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analyses revealed novel and innate major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of B. bacteriovorus strains. An incorporation of prey-derived proteins into the cell wall of B. bacteriovorus was not observed. The corresponding genes of the B. bacteriovorus strains were elucidated by a reverse-genetics approach, and a leader peptide was deduced from the gene sequence and confirmed by Edman degradation. The host-independent mutant strain B. bacteriovorus HI100 (DSM 12732) growing in the absence of prey organisms possesses an OMP similar to the major OMPs of the host-dependent strains. The similarity of the primary structure of the OMPs produced by the three Bdellovibrio strains is between 67 and 89%. The leader peptides of all OMPs have a length of 20 amino acids and are highly conserved. The molecular sizes of the mature proteins range from 34.9 to 37.6 kDa. Secondary-structure predictions indicate preferential α-helices and little β-barrel structures.
Managing the Complications of Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia in the Cardiac Arrest Patient

Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) is used to lower the core body temperature of cardiac arrest (CA) patients to 32°C from 34°C to provide improved survival and neurologic outcomes after resuscitation from in-hospital or out-of-hospital CA. Despite the improved benefits of MTH, there are potentially unforeseen complications associated during management. Although the adverse effects are transient, the clinician should be aware of the associated complications when managing the patient receiving MTH. We aim to provide the medical community comprehensive information related to the potential complications of survivors of CA receiving MTH, as it is imperative for the clinician to understand the physiologic changes that take place in the patient receiving MTH and how to prepare for them and manage them if they do occur. We hope to provide information of how to manage these potential complications through both a review of the current literature and a reflection of our own experience.
The onset of turbulence in collisionless magnetic reconnection

Two dimensional simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection produce strong gradients in the current and plasma profiles near the magnetic X‐line and along the separatrix during the nonlinear phase. Here we present 3D two‐fluid MHD simulations of reconnection that show these sharp gradients break up due to the onset of secondary instabilities, leading to a strongly turbulent configuration in the full 3D system. Two main secondary modes are observed, an electron shear flow instability and the lower‐hybrid drift instability. The fluctuations driven by the former mode produce an effective anomalous viscosity (but no resistivity) near the X‐line that breaks the frozen‐in condition and broadens the main current profile. The lower‐hybrid drift fluctuations cause a substantial relaxation of the gradients near the separatrix through a new mechanism, based not on direct particle transport (which is negligible) but rather on the turbulent diffusion of the strong electron flows near the separatrix.
Early pregnancy exposure to feto-toxic medications among out-patients in Malawi

Abstract Objectives: To estimate the proportion of women in early pregnancy prescribed potentially feto-toxic medications at an out-patient clinic in Malawi. Methods: Over six-months the number of women of child-bearing age attending out-patient clinics and prescribed medicines at Mitundu Community Hospital was derived from the hospital’s registry and pharmacy records. Women prescribed potentially feto-toxic medicines (using Food and Drug Administration classifications) by medical assessments were subsequently interviewed and pregnancy tested. Exposure to potentially feto-toxic medications was estimated and differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women were described. Results: Of 8970 female outpatients, 1012 (11.3%; 95% CI: 10.6% to 12%) were prescribed potentially feto-toxic medicines. After excluding 740 as unlikely to be pregnant, 209 women had negative pregnancy tests and 63 were confirmed as pregnant, representing one in 16 of women prescribed contraindicated medicines or between 2.8% and 3.5% of all women attending in early pregnancy. Most medicines were FDA rated C or D. Only 152 (55.9%) of these women had been asked about pregnancy and prescribing practices did not discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Conclusions Assessment and prescribing practices for women attending out-patient clinics who might be in early pregnancy were inadequate, increasing the risk of exposure to potentially feto-toxic medicines.