Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Victim and peer group responses to different forms of aggression among primary school children

Both behaviourist and social learning theory emphasise the importance of the consequences of a behaviour on its subsequent frequency of occurrence [e.g., Bandura, 1973, 1977; Skinner, 1953]. Despite this, very little is known about the types of consequences children receive when they aggress towards other children. The present study employed a wireless microphone and hidden camera to record victim and peer responses to primary school children's physical, verbal, indirect, and relational forms of aggression. The results showed that the most frequent consequences of aggression were victim retaliation or withdrawal, and peer support. In addition, the results showed limited support for the suggestion that sex differences in the use of different types of aggression arise due to differential reinforcement from victims and/or peers. The implications of the results for the development of interventions aimed at reducing aggression are considered along with alternative explanations for sex differences in aggression.
TRANSACTION COSTS IN INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENTS COOPERATION

The aim of this paper is to examine and provide new evidence on changes in the costs and other determinants of economic rationality of international sharing of armaments projects. Based on current transaction costs theory, it defines individual and collective transaction costs of a weapon systems club. Using results of questionnaire survey, gathering expectations of international expert armaments community, there are analysed relations anticipated among those determinants, which are decisive for the amount of project costs. Results of these analyses indicate general anticipation of decreased total project costs in case of international sharing of armaments projects, along with increased project transparency, which can be viewed as one of the generators of decreased total costs. Transaction costs have indicated an unchanged level or a moderate decrease. Their individual component is to decrease. On the other hand, collective transaction costs are to grow, however, up to the extent of the decrease of individual transaction costs.
Tightness, integral equicontinuity and compactness for evolution problems in Banach spaces

Compactness in the space {L^{p}(0,T;B)}, B being a separable Banach space, has been deeply investigated by J.P. Aubin (1963), J.L. Lions (1961, 1969), J. Simon (1987), and, more recently, by J.M. Rakotoson and R. Temam (2001), who have provided various criteria for relative compactness, which turn out to be crucial tools in the existence proof of solutions to several abstract time dependent problems related to evolutionary PDEs. In the present paper, the problem is examined in view of Young measure theory: exploiting the underlying principles of “tightness” and “integral equicontinuity”, new necessary and sufficient conditions for compactness are given, unifying some of the previous contributions and showing that the Aubin - Lions condition is not only sufficient but also necessary for compactness. Furthermore, the related issue of compactness with respect to convergence in measure is studied and a general criterion is proved.
Acquisition of English Grammatical Features by Adult Japanese EFL Learners: The Application of Item Response Theory in SLA Research

Although the last couple of decades have seen great theoretical developments in Second Language Acquisition (SLA), many studies have focused on single grammatical features, and have assumed interrelationships among features are granted by a given linguistic theory. One of the weaknesses of the grammaticality judgment task, the most common measurement tool in SLA, is its reliability. Since the data obtained from different studies are sampleand test-dependent, it is difficult to compare the findings. In order to compensate for this weakness, we employ IRT (Item Response Theory) to equate the data from different grammaticality judgment tests. Since the parameters of IRT models provide a theoretical justification for equating scores, comparison of acquisition among different grammatical items on the same scale is possible with a high degree of reliability. Approximately 1,200 adult native speakers of Japanese learning EFL in Japan participated in our study. These participants were given grammaticality judgment tests in order to examine acquisitions of various English grammatical features such as unergative verbs, unaccusative verbs, psych verbs, relative clause constructions, wh-question constructions, to infinitives, and dative alternation. On the basis of our findings, we discuss the appropriateness and benefits of using IRT in SLA research, and explore interrelationships among these grammatical features in participants’ acquisition process. Kenichi Yamakawa, Naoki Sugino, Hiromasa Ohba, Michiko Nagano and Yuko Shimizu 14
2-Aryldihydrobenzofuran Neolignans: Synthesis of Ficusal and Tomentosanan B

The synthesis of 2-aryldihydrobenzofurans, ficusal and tomentosanan B was achieved via two different cross-coupling methods between aryl or iodoaryl with coniferyl alcohol. Both Pd(OAc)2 catalysed coupling reactions were performed in the presence of base with or without ligand; an oxidant or phase transfer agent. Tomentosanan B was also obtained directly from the reduction of ficusal using NaBH4. The structures of these 2-aryldihydrobenzofuran neolignans were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS.
Mineralization and Crop Uptake of Nitrogen from Textile Manufacturing Wastewater Sludge Cake

Wastewater sewage sludge cake from textile manufacturing was evaluated by soil incubation experiments and a greenhouse experiment for use as a soil amendment to provide crop N. Although the sludge had 96% of N in organic combination, 20% of total sludge N was released to soil as mineral N over 28 days. N mineralization from the sludge was indistinguishable from that seen for alfalfa shoot in parallel incubations. However, nitrification inhibition was seen for the alfalfa amendment. Soil respiration was low for the sludge treatments compared to the alfalfa treatments, suggesting that carbon substrates in the sludge were less easily broken down. A second incubation experiment indicated that fine fragmentation of the sludge is not necessary to ensure mineralization proceeds. In a greenhouse experiment, sludge N was approximately 25% as available to Zea mays L. as NH4NO3. The textile manufacturing sludge offered potential to offset N fertilizer requirement.
Smallholder Pig Marketing Systems in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

A study using two cross-sectional and a longitudinal research designs was undertaken to assess smallholder pig marketing system to explore basic information for improving smallholder pig production and marketing systems. The first design involved a cross-sectional survey of 300 pig farmers randomly selected in 30 villages in Mbozi and Mbeya rural districts. The second design used a cross-sectional survey of 124 pig traders randomly selected in 65 villages in Mbozi and Mbeya rural districts, and Mbeya Municipality. The third one used a longitudinal design and collected data from 40 pig farmers in 10 villages who had also participated in the first design. Results showed that, pig-marketing systems had various channels and segments moving mainly pigs and pork to farmers, traders and consumers. Major market participants in the pig market chain were the pig farmers who played a dual role as pig producers and buyers, traders of live pigs and pork, and finally pork consumers. Most farmers (85%) bought pigs for breeding, while few (18%), bought for fattening. The mean (±SD) weight and age of pigs purchased was 18.2±12.6 kg and 6.2 ±4.7 months, respectively. Farmers sold about 70 and 30% of their pigs to pig traders and other farmers, respectively. Pigs sold to farmers had significantly (P< 0.001) lower mean age (6.1±1.5 months) and live weight (LW) (14.3± 3.6 kg) than pigs sold to traders with a mean age of 12.8± 1.5 months and LW of 40.0± 3.6kg. The study concludes that marketing systems were dominated by informal marketing channels, hence, limit the effectiveness of pig production and marketing. Marketed pigs had smaller weights compared to their ages, therefore contributing to poor returns to pig farmers and sub-optimal pork market supply. The study recommends strategic development of pig value chain for sustainable improvement of smallholder pig production and marketing systems and quality pork to consumers. Keywords : Smallholders farmers, pigs, marketing channels, price determinants
ANALYSIS OF COCOA-BASED AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN REGION OF GHANA

This study analyzed cocoa-based Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) in Atiwa and East Akim districts of the Eastern Region of Ghana by using descriptive statistics and Total Information Score (TIS). Total Information Score (TIS) was used to rank the information sources according to the farmers" extent of contact with and usefulness of the information sources. On the whole, the total information score of mass media ranked the most frequently used and useful information sources, with personal information sources the second and public information sources third followed by private information sources ranking the least thus fourth. The study recommends for the use of mass media especially radio and television sets in availing cocoa-based information to farmers.
Comparison of percent hatch and fungal infestation in channel catfish eggs after copper sulfate, diquat bromide, formalin, and hydrogen peroxide treatment.

Abstract Reduced survival of fish eggs is often a result of infestation with fungi Saprolegnia spp. However, timely chemical treatments often limit these infestations and increase survival. The effect of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP; 10 mg of CSP/L of water), diquat bromide (25 mg of diquat cation/L), formalin (433 mg/L), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 250 mg/L) on percent hatch and fungal infestation in eggs of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was compared in two identical trials (five replicates for each chemical treatment per trial). The percent hatch in all chemical treatments was significantly better than percent hatch of the controls. The amount of fungal coverage on egg masses treated with CSP, formalin, and H2O2 was significantly less than that observed on the controls. Although not statistically different from the other treatments, H2O2 at 250 mg/L exhibited the highest average percent hatch (64%; control hatch = 34%), the lowest fungal coverage (1.5 cm; control coverage = 7.2 cm), and the l.
Entering Preschool: Family and Professional Experiences in This Transition Process

Important changes in services occur for children with disabilities at age 3. A qualitative cross-site approach was used to investigate the experiences of families of these children and their service providers as they made the transition from Part C to Part B programs. Issues investigated were families' and professionals' experiences and expectations for the transition process, and the process of decision-making related to service selection. A sample of 22 families was followed as they entered, participated in, and exited the transition process. Results indicated that families and professionals experienced this transition as an event, not as a process. The shift in service delivery models from infant-toddler services to preschool services was often problematic, and information exchange and communication was crucial to family involvement and decision making. In general, families were given limited choices with respect to preschool programs; Only few programs offered inclusive service models. Families' and professionals' strategies facilitating the transition are reported.
BINAHONG LEAVES (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA TENORE STEEN) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT FOR PERINEAL WOUND HEALING OF POSTPARTUM MOTHERS

Background: Perineal wounds are at risk for infection, without a good treatment, perineal wound can harbor sepsis and become a chronic, long-term problem. Binahong leaves is considered as an alternative to accelerate perineal wound healing process. Objective: To determine the effect of binahong leaf extract (anredera cordifolia (tenore) steen) on perineal wound healing process in postpartum mothers. Methods: This study employed a quasy experimental study with control group posttest-only design. The study was conducted in the working area of Telogosari Wetan Health Center and Health Center of Kulon Kota Semarang in January-February 2017. There were 36 respondents selected using purposive sampling assigned in the intervention group (Binahong leaves extract) and the control group (Povidon Iodine 10%). REEDA scale was used for assessing perineal healing. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney, Chi Square and Kruskall Wallis test. Results: Findings showed that the average day of perineal wound healing process in the binahong leaves group was 6.11 days and in the povidon iodine group was 7.66 days. There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of wound healing between the experiment and control group with p-value 0,001 (p value <0.05). Conclusion: Binahong leaves extract is effective in healing perineal wound in postpartum mothers. Therefore, binahong leaves are recommended to use as an alternative treatment for the mothers.
Instructional leadership: the impact on the culture of teaching and learning in two effective secondary schools

Currently there is a drive to improve the culture of teaching and learning in South Africa, particularly in secondary schools. Recent studies have indicated a direct relationship between the instructional leadership role of the principal and the effectiveness of a school. Initiatives introduced by the government to reform education include the introduction of new curricula and the increase of site based management responsibilities. With these and other increasing responsibilities principals are still accountable for the success of the schools' academic outcomes. The practice of instructional leadership and its impact on the culture of teaching and learning at two effective secondary schools are investigated.
Optical and near-IR spectroscopy of candidate red galaxies in two z ~ 2.5 proto-clusters

We present a spectroscopic campaign to follow-up red colour-selected candidate massive galaxies in two high redshift proto-clusters surrounding radio galaxies. We observed a total of 57 galaxies in the field of MRC 0943−242 (z = 2.93) and 33 in the field of MRC 1138−262 (z = 2.16) with a mix of optical and near-infrared multi-object spectroscopy. We confirm two red galaxies in the field of MRC 1138−262 at the redshift of the radio galaxy. Based on an analysis of their spectral energy distributions, and their derived star formation rates from the Hα and observed frame 24 μm flux, one object belongs to the class of dust-obscured star-forming red galaxies, while the other is evolved with little ongoing star formation. This result represents the first red and mainly passively evolving galaxy to be confirmed as companion galaxies in a z > 2 proto-cluster. Both red galaxies in MRC 1138−262 are massive, of the order of 4−6 × 10 11 M� . They lie along a colour−magnitude relation which implies that they formed the bulk of their stellar population around z = 4. In the MRC 0943−242 field we find no red galaxies at the redshift of the radio galaxy but we do confirm the effectiveness of our JHKs selection of galaxies at 2.3 < z < 3.1, finding that 10 out of 18 (56%) of JHKs-selected galaxies whose redshifts could be measured fall within this redshift range. We also serendipitously identify an interesting foreground structure of 6 galaxies at z = 2.6 in the field of MRC 0943−242. This may be a proto-cluster itself, but complicates any interpretation of the red sequence build-up in MRC 0943−242 until more redshifts can be measured.
Wage Rigidity: A Solution to Several Asset Pricing Puzzles

In standard models wages are too volatile and returns too smooth. We make wages sticky through infrequent resetting, resulting in both (i) smoother wages and (ii) volatile returns. Furthermore, the model produces other puzzling features of financial data: (iii) high Sharpe Ratios, (iv) low and smooth interest rates, (v) time-varying equity volatility and premium, and (vi) a value premium. In standard models, highly pro-cyclical and volatile wages are a hedge. The residual profit becomes unrealistically smooth, as do returns. Smoother wages act like operating leverage, making profits more risky. Bad times and unproductive firms are especially risky because committed wage payments are high relative to output.
Religious coping and social support as mediators and/or moderators and acculturative stress in a Latino community sample

RELIGIOUS COPING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AS MEDIATORS AND/OR MODERATORS AND ACCULTURATIVE STRESS IN A LATINO COMMUNITY SAMPLE Priscilla Vasquez, B.A. Marquette University, 2010 This study examined whether religious coping and social support are moderators and/or mediators between acculturative stress and psychological distress in a Latino community sample. Particularly, the buffering model, the deterioration model, and the counteractive model were tested. Two hundred and twenty-eight Spanish-speaking and English-speaking participants filled out surveys, and it was found that both religious coping and social support mediated the relationship between acculturative stress and psychological stress. However, the results did not support any of the coping models. This study shows that religious coping and social support are associated with an increase in psychological distress.
Macroalgal grazing selectivity among herbivorous coral reef fishes

Despite growing interest in examining functional groups among coral reef species, few studies have examined the relative functional impacts of individual herbivorous fish species in coral reef ecosystem processes. We investigated potential functional roles within an herbivorous reef fish assemblage by assessing the feeding selectivity of fishes on macroalgae. Transplanted multiple-choice algal assays and remote stationary underwater digital video cameras were used to quantify the feeding selectivity of 6 herbivorous reef fish species: Siganus doliatus and S. canaliculatus (Siganidae); Chlorurus microrhinos, Hipposcarus longiceps, and Scarus rivulatus (Labridae); and Pomacanthus sexstriatus (Pomacanthidae). The siganids strongly selected Sargassum sp. (Phaeophyta) and, to a lesser extent, Hypnea sp. (Rhodophyta), but strongly avoided calcified macroalgae. However, S. doliatus displayed strong selection for Hypnea sp. , whereas S. canaliculatus exhibited stronger selection for Sargassum sp. In contrast, the parrotfishes exhibited similar selectivities, with all 3 species selecting heavily calcified Halimeda spp. (Chlorophyta), but strongly avoiding Galaxaura sp. (Rhodophyta) and other red and brown macroalgal species. The pomacanthid was the least selective of the 6 fish species, exhibiting no clear selection or avoidance. These results emphasize the potential variation among species within presumed functional groups, and the need for care when defining functional groups at the family or the genus level. The extent of specialization, with strong selection and avoidance, suggests that functional redundancy among herbivores may be less than previously assumed.
Leadership Style and its Influence on Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment A Study Encompassing the Construction Industry of Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Dubai is one of the United Arab Emirates leading emirate in terms of infrastructure development and other industries such as tourism, and real estate. The novelty of the industry and it’s rapid progression persuades one to assess the factors influencing the construction industry. Due to the competitive market, project management area has gained undisputable importance in the construction projects. Construction firms are now seeking professionals with better management and leadership skills rather than technical skills (Dulaimi, 2005). Employees are an important part of any industry and their job satisfaction and organisational commitment affects the turnover rate and productivity of a company (Benkhoff, 1997; Randeree and Chaudhry, pending). Leadership has a strong influence on employees’ job satisfaction and organisational commitment (Lok and Crawford, 1999). Thus, it is vital to examine leadership styles in a rapidly growing industry in a cosmopolitan city. Hence, the research undertaken aims to study leadership styles and its influence on the employees’ job satisfaction and organisational commitment in the construction industry of Dubai. Earlier research has contented that leadership behaviour is determined culturally and hence varies markedly from culture to culture (e.g. Aram and Piriano, 1978; Burger and Bass, 1979; Wright, 1981; Adler, 1991; Muna, 1980; Al-Jafary and Hollingsworth, 1983; Ali, 1993; Ali et al., 1997). Yousef (2000) has examined the relationship between organisational commitment, job satisfaction and performance in the UAE and found significant results. To attain the research aim, different theories on Leadership styles, job satisfaction and organisational commitment have been explored. The limitations of the study are that it focuses on office employees because of time constraints and the level of education of the workforce on site. A qualitative survey investigates existing leadership styles, preferred leadership styles by the employees, and the influence of leadership styles on employees’ job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The study also evaluates the extent of various other factors influencing the job satisfaction and organisational commitment of employees. The findings show that employees feel that Consensus and Team Management leadership styles are predominantly prevalent in the industry and employees have shown preference of working under these leadership styles. Furthermore, a strong influence is found between leadership style, employees’ job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Some of factors strongly affecting job satisfaction and organisational commitment of employees in the industry are nature of work, salary received, job flexibility, job security, direct manager’s behaviour, company leadership, and company culture. Major conclusions are job satisfaction and organisational commitment are influenced with respect to culture, age, and work groups.
Studies on the Stabilization of Rayon Fabrics for Preparing Carbon Fabrics: 2. Fast Isothermal Stabilization Processes at High Temperature

In the present study, fast isothermal stabilization processes for rayon precursor fabrics were performed at 350oC and 400oC within 3 minutes and the chemical and physical characteristics of the stabilized fabrics were investigated. In addition, rayon precursor fabrics were pre-treated with three different phosphorous-based flame retardants and then stabilized. The effect of flame retardants on the chemical composition, thermal shrinkage, weight change, thermal stability and XRD results was examined, comparing with those of the precursor fabrics. The result showed that the stabilization of rayon fabrics was most effective as the stabilization temperature was 350oC, the stabilization time was 3 min, and the pre-treatment with Phosphoric acid of 1 vol%. The carbon contents of stabilized rayon fabrics were increased with increasing stabilization temperature and time, whereas the oxygen contents were decreased. Also, it is likely that the pre-treatment with phosphoric acid plays a role in retarding the change of chemical structure of rayon fabric. The XRD result was quite consistent with the result showing the effect of phosphoric acid on the chemical composition, thermal shrinkage and weight reduction of rayon fabric. Keywords : Rayon Fabric, Isothermal stabilization process, Flame retardant, Pre-treatment, Characterization