Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Echinoderm fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean

Pawson, David L. The Echinoderm Fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 2, 31 pages, 11 figures, 1978. —Two recent intertidal collecting expeditions and existing museum collections have added much to knowledge of the Ascension Island echinoderm fauna. Twenty-five species are now known from Ascension; eight are new records. One new species, Holothuria (Halodeima) manningi, and one new subspecies, Echinometra lucunter polypora, are described. Diadema ascensionis Mortensen is regarded as a subspecies of D. antillarum Philippi, and Pseudoboletia atlantica H. L. Clark is regarded as a subspecies of P. maculata Troschel. The echinoderm fauna of Ascension Island includes 8 amphi-Atlantic species, 3 western Atlantic species, 4 eastern Atlantic species, 5 circumtropical species, 4 species shared only with St. Helena, and 1 endemic species. There are in addition three endemic subspecies. Twelve species are shared with St. Helena, and both islands are closely similar in terms of numbers and relationships of their faunal components. Colonization of both islands by planktonic larval stages is suggested. Dendrochirotid holothurians, which lack such larval stages, are not represented at either St. Helena or Ascension. The structure of the Ascension fauna seems to have been determined by vagaries of ocean surface and subsurface currents. In contrast, Bermuda, which sits astride the Gulf Stream, has a fauna that is entirely typical of the West Indian region to the south. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESICN: Seascape along the Atlantic coast. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Pawson, David Leo, 1938The Echinoderm fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; 2) Bibliography: p. 1. Echinodermata—Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) I. Title. II. Series. QL383.35. A8P38 593'. 9 77-20941
Utilisation of CF/Sawdust Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites on Mechanical Properties

This paper presents the performance of short carbon fibre (CF) reinforced and filled with sawdust (SD) hybrid epoxy composites were evaluated. The results showed that hybridisation of carbon fibre and sawdust was in similarity to EP/CF hybrid composites. Effect of fibre orientation in matrix and the analysis and fracture surface was undertaken. The mechanical properties of injection moulded, chopped carbon fibre/sawdust/epoxy hybrid composites were investigated by considering the effect of hybridisation by these two fillers. It was observed that the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the filled epoxy were higher than those of unfilled epoxy. The effect of filler on epoxy matrix subjected to the tensile strength and modulus was studied and compared with the rule of hybrid mixtures. The effect of filler on epoxy matrix subjected to the tensile strength and modulus was studied and compared with the rule of mixture. The actual results are marginally low as compared with the values obtained by the rule of hybrid mixtures (RoHM).
The Krycklan Catchment Study—A flagship infrastructure for hydrology, biogeochemistry, and climate research in the boreal landscape

The Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS) provides a unique field infrastructure for hillslope to landscape‐scale research on short‐ and long‐term ecosystem dynamics in boreal landscapes. The site is designed for process‐based research assessing the role of external drivers including forest management, climate change, and long‐range pollutant transport on forests, mires, soils, streams, lakes, and groundwater. The overarching objectives of KCS are to (1) provide a state‐of‐the‐art infrastructure for experimental and hypothesis‐driven research, (2) maintain a collection of high‐quality, long‐term climatic, biogeochemical, hydrological, and environmental data, and (3) support the development of models and guidelines for research, policy, and management.
Impact of positive and negative corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance and idiosyncratic risk

Despite growing interest for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the literature, the relationship between CSR activities and idiosyncratic risk of firms, one of the critical components in evaluating shareholder value, has been a topic of scarce examination. Further, the moderating role of firm size on the link between CSR and idiosyncratic risk has not been studied. Existing research on the financial implications of CSR for firms has predominantly focused on positive aspects of CSR, over-looking that companies also undertake actions and initiatives that qualify as corporate social irresponsibility or negative CSR. This study dichotomizes CSR activities into two dimensions, socially responsible activities (positive CSR) and socially irresponsible activities (negative CSR), to scrutinize the distinct effects of the two extents. The authors demonstrate how positive and negative CSR can influences corporate financial performance (CFP) and idiosyncratic risk of firms and discuss the role of firm size as a moderator in the relationship. The proposed hypothesis for the framework and its theoretical justification are discussed in this paper.
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH DAN KONTRIBUSI INDUSTRI KERAJINAN BAMBU PADA DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui besarnya nilai tambah bambu pada berbagai jenis produk kerajinan bambu serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, (2) mengetahui kontribusi industri kerajinan bambu (IKB) pada distribusi pendapatan masyarakat, dan (3) memformulasikan strategi pengembangan IKB di Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel dipilih secara simple random sampling sebanyak 40. Analisis nilai tambah menggunakan metode Hayami menunjukkan pengolahan bambu menjadi produk besek, gedek aten, serta meja dan kursi bambu masing-masing nilai tambahnya sebesar Rp 12.935,47/batang, Rp 9.945,07/batang, dan Rp 35.326,29/batang. Jumlah output tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai tambah sedangkan harga bahan baku berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap nilai tambah. Analisis indeks Gini menunjukkan adanya pemerataan pada distribusi pendapatan masyarakat di semua kecamatan. Hasil analisis SWOT dan matriks IFAS-EFAS menunjukkan IKB di Kabupaten Sleman berada di kuadran I dengan faktor peluang lebih besar dari kekuatan internal, artinya kekuatan internal yang dimiliki masih kurang untuk memanfaatkan peluang yang ada. Dengan demikian, nilai tambah paling tinggi ada pada meja dan kursi bambu. Harga bahan baku berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai tambah bambu. Pendapatan dari usaha IKB mampu memperbaiki distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga pengrajin yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan indeks Gini di semua kecamatan. Strategi pengembangan usaha IKB di Kabupaten Sleman yang dapat dilakukan: peningkatan kualitas dan diversifikasi produk, perluasan jaringan distribusi pemasaran, memanfaatkan fasilitas pinjaman modal untuk pengembangan usaha, meningkatkan promosi di dalam dan luar negeri, pengembangan sistem kelembagaan dan kemitraan usaha, serta meningkatkan ketersediaan bambu lokal.
Cosmological model of the interaction between dark matter and dark energy

In this paper, we test the dark matter-dark energy interacting cosmological model with a dynamic equation of state $w_{DE}(z)=w_{0}+w_{1}z/(1+z)$, using type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), Hubble parameter data, baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observation. This interacting cosmological model has not been studied before. The best-fitted parameters with $1 \sigma$ uncertainties are $\delta=-0.022 \pm 0.006$, $\Omega_{DM}^{0}=0.213 \pm 0.008$, $w_0 =-1.210 \pm 0.033$ and $w_1=0.872 \pm 0.072$ with $\chi^2_{min}/dof = 0.990$. At the $1 \sigma$ confidence level, we find $\delta<0$, which means that the energy transfer prefers from dark matter to dark energy. We also find that the SNe Ia are in tension with the combination of CMB, BAO and Hubble parameter data. The evolution of $\rho_{DM}/\rho_{DE}$ indicates that this interacting model is a good approach to solve the coincidence problem, because the $\rho_{DE}$ decrease with scale factor $a$. The transition redshift is $z_{tr}=0.63 \pm 0.07$ in this model.
INTRAMUSCULAR GLYCOGEN AND LIPID CONTENTS OF ACTIVE AND INACTIVE YOUNG HORSES OF THE BRASILEIRO DE HIPISMO BREED

Objetivou-se determinar o conteudo bioquimico de lipideos e glicogenio nas fibras do musculo gluteus medius de cavalos da raca Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH), observando-se as variaveis idade, genero, profundidade da biopsia e atividade fisica de baixa intensidade. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 89 equinos, sendo 78 inativos e 11 com atividade fisica moderada. A analise de glicogenio intramuscular foi realizada por meio da coloracao de "PAS" e, a determinacao de lipidios utilizando-se a coloracao de "oil red O". Para a tipificacao das fibras I, IIA e IIX empregaram-se a tecnica de NADH-TR. Nao houve diferenca no conteudo de glicogenio na comparacao entre as idades. Observou-se diferencas entre os sexos, sendo que as femeas apresentaram maior conteudo de glicogenio em relacao aos machos, principalmente nas fibras do tipo IIA e IIX. Independente da idade, sexo e profundidade da biopsia muscular o conteudo de lipidios nas miofibras tipo I foi maior. O mesmo resultado foi verificado em relacao a atividade fisica, nao havendo diferencas em relacao ao conteudo de glicogenio e lipideos quando se comparou as intensidades de coloracao nos animais inativos e treinados por 10 meses. Concluiu-se que a atividade fisica leve nao foi capaz de alterar as reservas de glicogenio em repouso. Por outro lado, as femeas apresentaram maiores conteudo de glicogenio podendo sugerir um melhor desempenho desses animais em situacoes de demandas energeticas de curta e media duracao e intensidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brasileiro de Hipismo. Cavalo. Exercicio. Glicogenio. Lipideos.
The acquisition of pronouns by French children: A parallel study of production and comprehension

ABSTRACT This study examines syntactic and morphological aspects of the production and comprehension of pronouns by 99 typically developing French-speaking children aged 3 years, 5 months to 6 years, 5 months. A fine structural analysis of subject, object, and reflexive clitics suggests that whereas the object clitic chain crosses the subject chain, the reflexive clitic chain is nested within it. We argue that this structural difference introduces differences in processing complexity, chain crossing being more complex than nesting. In support of this analysis, both production and comprehension experiments show that children have more difficulty with object than with reflexive clitics (with more omissions in production and more erroneous judgments in sentences involving Principle B in comprehension). Concerning the morphological aspect, French subject and object pronouns agree in gender with their referent. We report serious difficulties with pronoun gender both in production and comprehension in children around the age of 4 (with nearly 30% errors in production and chance level judgments in comprehension), which tend to disappear by age 6. The distribution of errors further suggests that the masculine gender is processed as the default value. These findings provide further insights into the relationship between comprehension and production in the acquisition process.
Library of Mesh and NURBS female phantoms for pulmonary in vivo counting studies

To optimize the monitoring of female workers, numerical calibration of in vivo counting systems was carried out using a library of 24 female thoracic phantoms with various chest girths (85-120) and cup sizes (A-F) combined with Monte Carlo simulations. The morphology-induced variations of counting efficiency were thus quantified and put into equation. This paper focused on establishing a simple method to correct the efficiency calibration curve obtained with the Livermore male phantom, taking into account the breast size. As a result, lung efficiency corrections were tabulated for the 24 designed female torso models and the AREVA NC in vivo counting system. Using the developed morphological equation the corrections were also given for breast sizes not included in the library. In this work, alternative detector positioning was also investigated to further increase the counting efficiency that is significantly reduced by female breasts. It was found that positioning the detectors in the back of the subjects significantly improve detection limits in the case of large breasts and such positioning is worth being further investigated. Finally, a case-base reasoning platform was developed to go much further towards personalized numerical calibrations.
ISOLATION OF BACTERIA FROM THE ACIDIC PEAT SWAMP FOREST SOIL AND THEIR LIGNIN DEGRADATION POTENTIAL

The tropical peat swamp forest in Malaysia has reduced significantly due to increasing pressure for development and demand for agricultural land. Pekan peat swamp forest is part of the 200,000 hectares of peat swamp forest located in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. While more extensive studies were done on flora and fauna, the study on microbial diversity in this habitat is very limited. The highly acidic environment, low concentrations of nutrients and anoxic condition of the peat are among challenges that hampered the cultivation of microorganism from this environment. In this study two types of agar-based medium, M1 minimal medium (M1) and peat water medium (PW) supplemented with glucose, methanol and lignin were used to isolate bacteria from the peat sediment. In comparison to M1, the use of PW has resulted with higher number of isolates with different morphologies. The PW mainly contains the acidic peat water that was collected from the sampling location. Based on the growth on medium supplemented with lignin, selected isolates were identified using 16s rDNA sequencing. At least three of the isolates showed sequence similarity to Burkholderia sp. , which is one of the common species, studied on their ligninase-producing abilities. The results from this study serve as the preliminary data for further work on growth characteristics and enzymatic potential of isolates from acidic peat swamp soil.
Seed health of common bean stored at constant moisture and temperature

A incidencia de fungos em sementes de feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e a preocupacao principal de cientistas e tecnologistas de sementes visando preservar a sua sanidade e viabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar esses parâmetros de qualidade em sementes hermeticamente armazenadas com graus de umidade de 10,2, 13,1, 16,2 e 18,5% a 25, 30, 35, 40°C, atraves de testes de germinacao e de sanidade. Os valores de atividade de agua obtidos para graus de umidade de 10,2 e 18,5% foram de 0,448 e 0,700. Baixos graus de umidade reduziram a incidencia de Alternaria spp. a 25-30°C. A maior incidencia de Fusarium spp. (7,5%) ocorreu com grau de umidade de 16,2% a 35-40°C. As maiores incidencias de Rhizoctonia spp. (8-10%) foram registradas para graus de umidade de 16,2 e 18,5% a 30-40°C. Os fungos Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp. foram predominantes durante todo o experimento, sendo que as maiores incidencias (80-100%; 20-30%) foram registradas para 18,5% de umidade a 30-35°C e 13,1-18,5% de umidade a 35°C, respectivamente. Quanto maior o grau de umidade da semente maior foi a incidencia de fungos, enquanto que os valores mais baixos de umidade reduziram essas incidencias a 25%. Temperaturas de armazenamento abaixo de 30°C e graus de umidades inferiores a 13,0% parecem ser as condicoes adequadas para preservar a viabilidade e a sanidade de sementes de feijao por ate 8 meses.
A Pluralist Approach to International Law

This Essay is a contribution to a recent symposium at Yale Law School asking whether there is a new New Haven School of International Law. The original New Haven School of International Law offered a significant, process-based, rejoinder to the realism and positivism that had dominated international relations theory in the United States since the close of World War II. Whereas international relations realists viewed international law as merely a product of state power relations, and positivists dismissed international law entirely because it lacked both sovereign commands and a rule of recognition, scholars of the New Haven School studied law as a social process of authoritative decision-making. Such a study necessarily expanded the state-focused perspective of both the realists and positivists by drawing attention to ongoing interactions among variously situated bureaucratic and institutional actors. Now, in the first decade of the 21st century, the gaze has widened still further, as international law scholars (and those studying law and globalization more generally) increasingly recognize that we inhabit a world of multiple normative communities, some of which impose their norms through officially sanctioned coercive force and formal legal processes, but many of which do not. These norms have varying degrees of impact, of course, but it has become clear that ignoring such normative assertions altogether as somehow not law is not a useful strategy. Accordingly, what we see emerging is an approach to international law drawn from legal pluralism. As such, this new international law scholarship owes a debt not only to Myers McDougal, Harold Lasswell, Michael Reisman and the other practitioners of the New Haven School, but to another Yale Law School professor whose name is rarely associated with international law: Robert Cover. This Essay discusses Cover's work and its relationship to the New Haven School of International Law, while arguing that Cover's emphasis on norm-generating communities - rather than nation-states - along with his celebration of jurisdictional redundancy provide a useful analytical framework for understanding the plural normative centers that are the focus of much current international law scholarship. Moreover, a pluralist perspective on international law provides a powerful critique to the latest incarnation of realism, now newly dressed up in the trappings of rational choice theory.
Failure of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policy Design or Policy Implementation?

World Bank/International Monetary Fund adjustment programmes prescribed for ailing Third World economies have been described as a failure. The aim of the article is to assess if the failure is due to the policies as designed by the World Bank/IMF. or as results of implementation by adjusting nations. Twenty peer review journal articles on SAP programmes from 1990 to 2005 covering varied SSA countries and regions, socio-economic needs, and many approaches form the data for the study. The publications are summarised and presented. The results are then discussed (1) to confirm or otherwise the failure; and (2) to ascertain if the failure results from policy design or policy implementation. It is found that SSA is integrated into the global economy as a result of SAPs; needs assessment are rarely conducted before programme prescriptions; there is lack of commitment from governments of adjusting nations; and adjustment programmes are unable to â€žadjustâ€Ÿ the ailing economies. it is concluded that SAPs have produced abysmal results signifying a failure, which is mostly attributed to policy design than policy implementation.
Organizational Forms and Investment Decisions

This paper analyzes investment rules for various organizational forms that are distinguished by the characteristics of their residual claims. Different restrictions on residual claims lead to different decision rules. The analysis indicates that the investment decisions of open corporations, financial mutuals and nonprofits can be modeled by the value maximization rule. However, the decisions of proprietorships, partnerships, and closed corporations cannot in general be modeled by the market value rule.
Accelerated lake expansion on the Tibetan Plateau in the 2000s: Induced by glacial melting or other processes?

Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are minimally disturbed by human activities and are sensitive indicators of climate variability. Accelerated lake expansion in the 2000s has been confirmed by both dramatic lake‐area increases (for 312 lakes larger than 10 km2) derived from optical images, and rapid water‐level rises (for 117 lakes with water‐level data) measured by satellite altimetry. However, the underlying climate causes remain unclear. This paper analyzes the relationship between the water‐level changes of lakes on the plateau and the potential driving factors, such as the glacier meltwater supply and a dependency on precipitation and runoff over the whole plateau and in each zone. The results show that the rates of change of non‐glacier‐fed lakes in the 2000s were as high as those of glacier‐fed lakes across the whole plateau and the lake‐level changes were closely associated with the lake supply coefficients (the basin/lake area ratio). The lake variations agreed well with the spatial pattern of precipitation changes. However, in different zones, especially at around 33°N north of the plateau, glacier‐fed lakes did exhibit faster lake level increases than no‐glacier‐fed lakes, indicating that the presence of a glacier meltwater supply augmented the precipitation‐driven lake expansions in these areas. Despite the absence of quantitative modeling due to limited data availability, this study provides qualitative support that the lake expansions on the Tibetan Plateau in the 2000s have been driven primarily by changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration and not solely by the effect of glacier wastage.
Invited Article: Time-bin entangled photon pairs from Bragg-reflection waveguides

Semiconductor Bragg-reflection waveguides are well-established sources of correlated photon pairs as well as promising candidates for building up integrated quantum optics devices. Here, we use such a source with optimized non-linearity for preparing time-bin entangled photons in the telecommunication wavelength range. By taking advantage of pulsed state preparation and efficient free-running single-photon detection, we drive our source at low pump powers, which results in a strong photon-pair correlation. The tomographic reconstruction of the state’s density matrix reveals that our source exhibits a high degree of entanglement. We extract a concurrence of 88.9(1.8)% and a fidelity of 94.2(9)% with respect to a Bell state.Semiconductor Bragg-reflection waveguides are well-established sources of correlated photon pairs as well as promising candidates for building up integrated quantum optics devices. Here, we use such a source with optimized non-linearity for preparing time-bin entangled photons in the telecommunication wavelength range. By taking advantage of pulsed state preparation and efficient free-running single-photon detection, we drive our source at low pump powers, which results in a strong photon-pair correlation. The tomographic reconstruction of the state’s density matrix reveals that our source exhibits a high degree of entanglement. We extract a concurrence of 88.9(1.8)% and a fidelity of 94.2(9)% with respect to a Bell state.