Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Don't Tell Me What to Do, Tell Me Who to Follow! Field Experiment Evidence on Voluntary Donations

We conducted a field experiment in a protected area to explore the effects of conformity to a social reference versus a comparable, but imposed, suggested donation. As observed before, we see visitors conforming to the changing social reference. On the other hand, the treatment in which we suggested a donation resulted in lower shares of visitors donating, compared to the social reference treatment, and lower conditional donations even compared to the control. We concluded that visitors look at their peers as a reference to conform to, but partially reject being confronted with an imposed suggestion on how to behave.
Multiple-locus heterozygosity, physiology and growth at two different stages in the life cycle of the Chilean oyster Ostrea chilensis

A random sample of 150 individuals of a laboratory-produced cohort of Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845 was taken at 10 and 36 mo of age to estimate physiological variables and individual heterozygosity using 4 loci (Lap, Pgi, Pgm and Ca). Juveniles of 10 mo of age showed a mean D value of 0.134 (p > 0.05) and a positive correlation between oyster size and multiple-locus heterozygosity (MLH) (p 0.05), oxygen consumption rate (p < 0.05) and MLH was found. The K2 value (standardized net growth efficiency) was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with MLH. At 36 mo a heterozygote deficiency was present with a mean value D = -0.431 (p < 0.05). No relationship between standard dry weight and MLH and also a negative correlation between the scope for growth and MLH were found. The oxygen consumption and excretion rates also showed an increase in large size individuals. The slopes for filtration and excretion rates against MLH were negative and not statistically significant. However, ingestion and absorption rates showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease with an increase in heterozygosity. The results seem to indicate that within sexually immature individuals of O. chilensis, a positive correlation between growth rate and MLH can be found, while in adults the higher energy allocation for reproduction precludes the detection of this relationship.
Direct ocean surface velocity measurements from space: Improved quantitative interpretation of Envisat ASAR observations

Previous analysis of Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) signals collected by ESA's Envisat has demonstrated a very valuable source of high‐resolution information, namely, the line‐of‐sight velocity of the moving ocean surface. This velocity is estimated from a Doppler frequency shift, consistently extracted within the ASAR scenes. The Doppler shift results from the combined action of near surface wind on shorter waves, longer wave motion, wave breaking and surface current. Both kinematic and dynamic properties of the moving ocean surface roughness can therefore be derived from the ASAR observations. The observations are compared to simulations using a radar imaging model extended to include a Doppler shift module. The results are promising. Comparisons to coincident altimetry data suggest that regular account of this combined information would advance the use of SAR in quantitative studies of ocean currents.
SENSTIZING ANEOPLASTC CELLTO RADATION

(51) Int. Cl. A6IN 5/00 (2006.01) C7H 2L/04 (2006.01) CI2O I/68 (2006.01) A 6LX 3/5.377 (2006.01) A6IN 5/10 (2006.01) GOIN 33/50 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC . A61K3I/5377 (2013.01); A61N 5/10 (2013.01); C12O 1/6886 (2013.01); G0IN 33/5011 (2013.01); A61N 2005/1098 (2013.01); C12O 2600/106 (2013.01); C12O 2600/156 (2013.01) (58) Field of Classification Search None See application file for complete search history.
A Focus on Motor Competence as Alternative Strategy for Weight Management

The high prevalence of overweight and obesity has been identified as major threat to future public health. Excess body weight not only impairs individual quality of life but is also associated with considerable costs. The fact that obesity rates have been rising throughout the world despite considerable efforts suggests that alternative strategies for addressing this problem are warranted. One such strategy may be a stronger emphasis on the development of motor competence. This narrative review provides an overview of the major theoretical models describing the longitudinal associations of motor competence, physical activity and body weight along with empirical evidence supporting the potential contribution of motor competence in obesity prevention. It also gives some practical guidance for the implementation of interventions emphasizing the development of motor competence. Despite the fact that childhood and adolescence appear to be of particular importance for ensuring a high motor competence, it should be considered that even adults could benefit from increased motor competence. Well-developed motor competence is associated with higher motivation for participation in various forms of physical activity, and, therefore, facilitates an active lifestyle throughout adulthood. Taken together, it appears that emphasizing the development of motor competence at young ages provides a viable option for the sustainable promotion of physical activity, which is a crucial component in long-term weight management.
Screening of some chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties against Helicoverpa armigera under semi arid climatic conditions

Nine desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties viz., Balkasar-2000, Bhakhar-2011, Bittal-98, Brc-61, Brc-390, Punjab-2000, Punjab-2008, Thall-2006 and 03009 were sown at experimental area of Islamia University of Bahawalpur in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each during 2014-2015. 03009 had highest mean larval population of Helicoverpa armigera followed by Bittal-98, Thall-2006 and Bhakhar-2011. Punjab-2000, BRC-390 and BRC 61 exhibited moderate larval population. The least larval population was observed in Punjab-2008 and Balkasar-2000. Maximum per cent pod damage was observed in Bittal-98 (28.29) followed by 03009 (26.57), Bhakhar-2011 (25.47), Thall-2006 (24.27), Punjab-2000 (22.81), BRC-390 (21.70), BRC-61 (20.53), Balkasar-2000 (18.30) and Punjab-2008 (16.73). Highest yield of crop was observed in Punjab-2008 (516.35gplot-1) followed by Balkasar-2000 (483.38), BRC-61 (415.15), BRC-390 (380.03), Punjab-2000 (345.34), Bittal-98 (303.50), Bhakhar-2011 (298.43), Thall-2006 (293.55) and 03009 (209.99) g/plot. It was also observed that larval population of H. armigera increased or decreased with weather factors. Thus varieties showing more pest population yielded less and those with less pest population generated more yield of chickpea. These results can be employed for integrated pest management of H. armigera on chickpea in different semi arid climatic conditions.
Psychopathy, Empathic Concern, and Emotional-Sentence Processing: An N400 ERP Study

Using an undergraduate sample, the present study examined how psychopathic traits (assessed by the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised) and empathic concern (assessed by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index) affect emotional-information processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and a sentential priming paradigm. Participants had their electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded while they silently read sentences with three types of endings: congruent, incongruent, and emotionally negative. We hypothesized that participants with high levels of psychopathic traits and participants with low levels of empathic concern would find the emotionally negative sentence endings less unexpected and disturbing (yielding a smaller N400), compared to participants with low levels of psychopathic traits and participants with high levels of empathic concern. Although results indicated no significant difference in N400 amplitude between the high and low PPI-R groups across sentence types, there were significant differences between the high and low Empathic Concern (EC) groups. Both EC groups showed the typical semantic priming effect (smaller N400s for congruent compared to incongruent sentence endings); however, for the high EC group, the emotionally negative sentence endings elicited large N400s, similar in amplitude to the N400s elicited by the incongruent endings. In contrast, for the low EC group, the emotionally negative sentence endings elicited small N400s, similar in amplitude to the N400s elicited by the congruent endings. Given that the N400 is believed to index the difficulty with which a word is retrieved from semantic memory, our data suggests that individuals low in empathic concern for others did not find the emotionally negative sentences particularly disturbing.
Fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 and -4 co-infection in a juvenile Asian elephant in Europe

Introduction Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 (EEHV-1) is one of the major causes of fatality in juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). On occasions, other EEHV genotypes, i.e. EEHV-3, -4 and -5, have also been reported as the cause of Asian elephant deaths. In this case report we describe the investigation into a juvenile Asian elephant fatality in a European zoo. Case Presentation: A fatal case of haemorrhagic disease in a juvenile Asian elephant from a European zoo was diagnosed with co-infection of EEHV-1 and -4. EEHV-4 had a wider organ distribution and a higher viral load; both viruses presented the highest load in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Conclusion: Detection of EEHV-4 in this fatal case in Europe underlines the importance of inclusion of all known Asian EEHVs in routine blood monitoring to facilitate early therapeutic intervention.
On an asymptotic formula for the maximum voltage drop in a on-chip power distribution network

We present a new asymptotic formula for the maximum static voltage in a simplified model for on-chip power distribution networks of array bonded integrated circuits. In this model the voltage is the solution of the Poisson's equation in an infinite planar domain whose boundary is an array of circular pads of radius ϵ, and we deal with the singular limit ϵ → 0 case. In comparison with approximations that appear in the electronics engineering literature, our formula is more complete, since we have obtained terms up to order ϵ15. A procedure will be presented to compute all the successive terms, which can be interpreted by using multipole solutions of equations involving spatial derivatives of δ-functions. To deduce the formula, we use the method of matched asymptotic expansions. Our results are completely analytical and we make an extensive use of special functions and the Gauss constant G.
A Widening Gap ? A Gender-Based Analysis of Performance on the Colombian High School Exit Examination

In this article, we provide evidence that girls underperform boys with similar characteristics on the Colombian high school exit examination. Using the quantile regression technique, we find a significant gender gap favoring boys, which widens along the distribution. The Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition shows that personal, family, and school characteristics explain a small part of the gap whereas differences in returns play an important role. In addition, we show that the observed gap differs significantly by administrative regions, suggesting that specific characteristics of each region could be influencing girls’ performance.
Profile of childhood accidents in a public hospital

Objective: to identify the profile of child accident victims. Method: prospective and cross-sectional descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, whose target population was children from 0 to 12 years of age, accident victims, seen from September to October of 2010, at public hospital in the city of Aracaju/SE, Brazil. Data were collected on a form from the medical records. The Committee for Ethics in Research with Human Beings from the Federal University of Sergipe approved the research project under protocol No. CAAE0112.0. 107.000-10. Results: there was a predominance of male victims (63.0 %), ranging from 7 to 12 years of age; as to their origin, Greater Aracaju (Aracaju, Nossa Senhora do Socorro e São Cristóvão) accounted for 69.1% of the cases. Conclusion: the most important aspect for the reduction of accident rates in childhood is prevention, which includes the education of parents, guardians and children, and the involvement of health professionals in developing these actions. Descriptors: Proneness to Accidents, Child, Wounds and Injuries; Accident Prevention.
Specific Adaptation and Genetic Progress for Grain Yield in Great Plains Hard Winter Wheats from 1987 to 2010

A previous investigation, using region-wide data from Great Plains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding trials, indicated a possible plateau in the rate of genetically determined yield potential. Data from the same USDA- Agricultural Research Service (ARS) coordinated long-term regional performance nurseries was used to further examine the rate of genetic improvement of Great Plains winter wheats in specifi c agroecological or production zones over the time period 1987 to 2010. The absolute grain yield of all entries and of the top fi ve most productive entries increased in the majority of production zones over this time period. The relative rate of genetic improvement, obtained by comparing grain yields to those of the long-term control cultivar Kharkof, ranged from not signifi cantly different from zero to 1.98% yr –1 . This rate of change, however, was statistically signifi cant (α = 0.05) in only two of the 12 zones evaluated. Variance components identifi ed production zone and locations within production zone as being the largest sources of variation in grain yields. Variance due to either genotype or genotype × environmental factors remained both constant over the 24-yr time period and small, relative to the environmental variances. Genetic progress for enhanced wheat yield in the region might be limited by the magnitude of these environmental variances and by constraints arising from continuous evolution of pest and pathogen populations.
Research article ASSESSMENT OF IN-VITRO ANTI-FUNGAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CALLIGONUM COMOSUM AGAINST TWO FUNGAL POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN SAUDI ARABIA

ABSTACT: The present investigation aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Calligonum comosum extracts, frequently used in traditional medicine against two phytopathogenic fungi using agar well diffusion technique. Calligonum comosum was selected as a model plant species for this investigation on the basis of its reported ethno-botanical uses. Ethanolic extracts of Calligonum comosum plant was screened in vitro for its antifungal activity against two fungal species (Alternaria spp and Rhizopus spp). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts were determined. Three extracts were assayed from different parts of the plant (leaves, stem and roots). Generally, the results showed that all extracts inhibited the fungal growth. Regardless of the plant part assayed, the MIC and MFC values of the extracts were in the range between 3.13 and 12.50 mg ml-1 for both fungal species. Interestingly, the highest significant level of mycelia growth inhibition zone was observed in the stem tissues and the lowest level was detected in root tissues. In the current study, the fungal growth inhibition zone was slightly different among the two fungal genera with respect to the plant parts used. In the light of these findings it could be concluded that, the ethanolic extracts of Calligonum comosum exhibit powerful fungicidal properties indicating the presence of potential antifungal compounds effective in the treatment of plant diseases. Further work in no doubt required to identify the compounds in such extracts responsible for the antifungal activity in Calligonum comosum. Provision of detailed information on the chemical constituents of this species will likely open new avenues which help in the development of drugs that could be obtained from this promising medicinal plant species.
Optimization of sample design sizes and shapes for regionalized variables using simulated annealing

AbstractL.P.C. Guedes, M.A. Uribe-Opazo, and P.J. Ribeiro Junior. 2014. Optimization of sample design sizes and shapes for regionalized variables using simulated annealing. Cien. Inv. Agr. 41(1): 33-48. The spatial variability of structures in regionalized variables are defined with the aid of geostatistical techniques, which facilitate the estimation of values for these variables in unsampled localizations and generate thematic maps to be used in decision making for localized treatments in the area under study. The quality of these maps depends on the trustworthiness of these estimates that can be modified with the choice for the sample design. The objective of this work was to establish an optimal size and shape of the sample designs in order to enhance the efficiency of sampling plans for the prediction of space dependent variables. These designs were obtained with the use of a stochastic search method called Simulated Annealing. This method is based on a sampling grid with a large number of points. Here, it is initially used to consider simulated data sets with distinct spatial dependence structures and is then used to consider real data on soy productivity. The simulated results are used as reference for the achievement of the best sample design with the lowest number of sample points that can efficiently represent the spatial dependence structure of soy productivity in a commercial area harvested by the harvester monitor. The results reported for the simulations and soy productivity data show that the optimization process was efficient in determining sample designs with reduced size, especially when using the Global Accuracy as the measurement to be maximized.
Survey on Access Control Mechanisms in Cloud Computing

The beneﬁts that Internet-based applications and services have given to the end user with today’s cloud computing technology are very remarkable. The distributed services instantly scaled over the Internet provided by cloud computing can be achieved by using some mechanisms in the background. It is a critical task for end users to control access to resources because lack of control often leads to security risks. In addition, this may cause systems to fail. This paper describes seven different access control mechanisms used in cloud computing platforms for different purposes. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of various models developed from previous service-based architectures and used for cloud computing are detailed and classiﬁed. During the assessments, NIST’s metrics were taken as a reference, and in the study, 109 articles from the past decade were examined. We also compared our research with the existing survey papers.
Low energy Kombucha fermented milk-based beverages

This paper investigates manufacturing of fermented beverages from two types of milk (1 % w/w and 2.2 % w/w fat) by applying of Kombucha, which contains several yeasts and bacterial strains. The starter was the inoculum produced from previous Kombucha fermentation. The applied starter concentrations were: 10 % v/v, 15 % v/v and 20 % v/v. Also, the traditional yoghurt starter was used to produce the control samples. All fermentations were performed at 42oC and the changes in the pH were monitored. The fermentation process was about three times faster in the control yoghurt than in the Kombucha samples. Influence of Kombucha inoculum concentration on the rate of fermentation appeared not to be significant. All fermentations were stopped when the pH reached 4.4. After the production, the quality of the fermented milk beverages with Kombucha was determined and compared with the quality of the control yoghurt samples. It was concluded that the difference in fat contents in milks affects the difference in quantities of other components in the fermented milk beverages with Kombucha. Sensory characteristics of the beverages manufactured from the partially skimmed milk are much better than those of the fermented beverages produced from the low fat milk.
The Diagnosis of Type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta in A Patient with Acute Spinal Burst Fracture after Low-Energy Trauma and Its Operative Treatment: A Case Report

Objective: To report a unique case of operatively and nonoperatively treated burst fractures of thoracolumbar spine in a single patient with type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), who previously had not been diagnosed as OI. Summary of background data: OI is a genetic disorder that causes bone fragility. Although spinal fractures may commonly occur in these subgroup of patients, there have been only a few case report of thoracolumbar burst fractures. And to our knowledge, there has not been reported case of operative treatment for acute burst fracture of thoracolumbar spine in a patient with OI, especially in type I. Methods: We report a case of 25-year-old woman who suffered unstable burst fracture of L1 after minor fall from a chair. The patient was treated operatively (anterior corpectomy, instrumentation and interbody fusion). She suffered stable burst fracture on T11 after a slip down in 10 months after the surgery, and was treated nonoperatively. Results: The patient was diagnosed as type I OI, based on the relatively minor nature of the trauma and blue sclerae and histories of multiple fractures of her and her father. Successful bony union and good spinal alignment were achieved. Conclusion: Anterior corpectomy, instrumentation and interbody fusion may be a feasible option for treatment of unstable burst fractures, even though the patients have any pathologic cause on their fractures. And any patient manifesting severe injuries that are caused by relatively minor trauma may have an underlying pathologic cause, including OI. They should be evaluated thoroughly to determine other cause and to be treated appropriately.
Widespread Consumption-dependent Systematic Error in Fish Bioenergetics Models and its Implications

Data from laboratory evaluations of seven fish bioenergetics models (BEMs) were used to investigate possible associations between BEM prediction error in relative growth rate (RGRerror) and levels of model input variables: mean daily food-consumption rate and fish body weight. Correlation between RGRerror and fish body weight was found in three BEMs applied under submaintenance feeding conditions. A strong correlation between RGRerror and mean daily consumption level was observed in all models over full consumption ranges; consumption level explained 70%96% of variation in RGRerror. All BEMs underestimated (by 2- to 5-fold) growth at lower consumption levels and overestimated (by 2- to 3-fold) growth at higher consumption levels. RGRerror values associated with higher consumption levels were greater (up to 22 cal·g1·day1) than those at lower consumption levels (up to 10 cal·g1·day1). Correlation between consumption rate and RGRerror in all seven models indicates widespread systematic error among BEMs.