Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market orientation: an antecedent to the industrial manufacturer's power

This study looks at the relationships between the market orientation of the manufacturer and the sources of his or her power over the distributor. The effect these power bases have on the distributor's satisfaction with the relationship is also analysed. The aricle offers the results of a study, conducted in the ceramic tile sector in Spain, aimed at measuring the market orientation of manufacturers, their power bases as perceived by their distributors, and the latter's satisfaction with the relationship. The results show that manufacturers' market orientation has a positive effect on their reward power but not on their referent power, nor on their power of coercion. However, the reward, expert and referent powers of the manufacturer have a positive effect on the distributor's satisfaction
Increased incidence of early de novo cancer in liver graft recipients treated with cyclosporine: An association with C2 monitoring and recipient age

The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for de novo cancer after liver transplantation (LTx). Retrospective analyses were performed in 385 LTx patients who underwent transplantation between 1986 and 2007. In total, 50 (13.0%) recipients developed de novo malignancy. The cumulative incidence of de novo cancer at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years after LTx was 2.9% ± 0.9%, 10.5% ± 1.8%, 19.4% ± 3.0%, and 33.6% ± 6.8%, respectively. The standardized incidence ratio of malignancy in LTx patients compared to the general population was 2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.6‐2.8). After excluding posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and skin cancer, patients with de novo cancer had a significantly lower survival rate compared to recipients who remained cancer‐free. The identified univariate risk factors for de novo cancer were cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment, time period of LTx, and recipient age. In multivariate analysis, only CsA treatment emerged as an independent risk factor for de novo cancer, which was attributed to more aggressive cancer types. A surprising finding was that CsA treatment specifically enhanced cancer risk in patients who underwent transplantation after 2004, when C2 monitoring (blood concentration at 2 hours postdose) was introduced. In addition, these patients showed a significantly lower acute rejection rate, which might reflect a more robust immunosuppressive status caused by the CsA‐C2 regimen. When age was considered, only patients ≤50 years had a higher cancer rate when treated with CsA compared to treatment with tacrolimus. Our data suggest that, compared to tacrolimus treatment, CsA treatment with C2 monitoring or in younger patients of ≤50 years is associated with a higher early de novo cancer risk after LTx. Liver Transpl 16:837–846, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Risk Classification in Animal Disease Prevention: Who Benefits from Differentiated Policy?

Risk classification of livestock farms can help stakeholders design and implement risk management measures according to the possessed risk. Our goal is to examine how differently pig farms may contribute to the societal costs of an animal disease outbreak, how valuable this information is to different stakeholders, and how it can be used to target risk management measures. We show that the costs of an outbreak starting from a certain farm can be quantified for the entire sector using bio-economic models. In further studies, this quantified risk can be differentiated so that farms and slaughterhouses internalise the full cost of risk in production decisions and inhibit animal densities, animal contact structures or other characteristics which pose a threat to the sector. Potential benefits due to risk classification could be received by society and producers, and in the long run also by consumers.
Managing Interdependence: The Effects of Outsourcing Structure on the Performance of Complex Projects

The outsourcing of complex activities has become a common organizational practice. Yet very little research has focused on the implications of how these activities are divided up among outsourcing partners. Drawing on structural contingency theory, we argue that: (1) because activities within stages of complex projects are highly interdependent, outsourcing structures where owner firms do not maintain high levels of dominance over the activities that are performed will pose control and coordination challenges, leading to poor project performance; (2) the adverse effects of poorly structured outsourcing arrangements will spill over to subsequent project stages when activities are interdependent across project stages; and (3) dividing activities among large numbers of contractors or distributing work evenly among contractors exacerbates coordination and control problems further contributing to poor project performance. Our empirical analysis of 323 capital facility construction projects supports our predictions. Overall, these results provide strong evidence that some outsourcing structures are more costly than others and that because of the nature of complex projects the detrimental effects of poorly structured outsourcing are often not completely observable at the time activities are completed. We discuss the implications of our findings for capital construction and for outsourcing more generally.
Dynamic site-specific recruitment of RBP2 by pocket protein p130 modulates H3K4 methylation on E2F-responsive promoters

Abstract The Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me3) mark closely correlates with active transcription. E2F-responsive promoters display dynamic changes in H3K4 methylation during the course of cell cycle progression. However, how and when these marks are reset, is not known. Here we show that the retinoblastoma binding protein RBP2/KDM5A, capable of removing tri-methylation marks on H3K4, associates with the E2F4 transcription factor via the pocket protein—p130—in a cell-cycle-stage specific manner. The association of RBP2 with p130 is LxCxE motif dependent. RNAi experiments reveal that p130 recruits RBP2 to E2F-responsive promoters in early G1 phase to bring about H3K4 demethylation and gene repression. A point mutation in LxCxE motif of RBP2 renders it incapable of p130-interaction and hence, repression of E2F-regulated gene promoters. We also examine how RBP2 may be recruited to non-E2F responsive promoters. Our studies provide insight into how the chromatin landscape needs to be adjusted rapidly and periodically during cell-cycle progression, concomitantly with temporal transcription, to bring about expression/repression of specific gene sets.
Channel Bargaining with Retailer Asymmetry

Manufacturers of consumer products often complain of lower profits in light of the growing channel dominance of retailers such as Wal-Mart, Home Depot, and other “power retailers. ” The authors argue that this complaint might not be valid. In an analytical model of competing manufacturers and competing multiproduct retailers, the authors show that manufacturers may actually experience increased profits when a retailer gains an exogenous cost advantage over its rival retailer. Potential channel efficiencies exist when retailing costs are reduced. The authors illustrate that channel transactions based on bilateral bargaining capture these efficiencies by transferring market share to the more efficient retailer, thus increasing channel profits. In a bargaining relationship between a manufacturer and a retailer, the manufacturer realizes some of these enhanced efficiencies. The authors discuss the managerial implications for pricing in channels.
Neural Correlates of Mindfulness and Concentration in Buddhist Monks: A fMRI study

Recent neuroimaging studies have shown consistent neural correlates of meditation states and traits. These studies present important implications for understanding core brain systems, also for clinical applications. In our fMRI study, we investigate neural correlates of both concentrative and mindfulness-based meditation forms, in long-term meditators (Buddhist monks). We found selective activation and deactivation patterns associated to these meditation forms, including the involvement of left frontoparietal areas in mindfulness-based meditation. Our findings present important implications for current models of awareness.
What Do We Know About the Labor Share and the Profit Share? Part I: Theories

This series of working papers explores a theme enjoying a tremendous resurgence: the functional distribution of income--the division of aggregate income by factor share. This first installment surveys some landmark theories of income distribution. Some provide a technology-based account of the relative shares while others provide a demand-driven explanation (Keynes, Kalecki, Kaldor, Goodwin). Two questions lead to a better understanding of the literature: is income distribution assumed constant? , and is income distribution endogenous or exogenous? However, and despite their insights, these theories alone fail to fully explain the current deterioration of income distribution. Subsequent installments are dedicated to analyzing the empirical literature (part II), to the measurement and composition of the relative shares (part III), and to a study of the role of economic policy (part IV).
Effect of body mass index on treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized adults: comparison of ertapenem with piperacillin-tazobactam.

BACKGROUND Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) are a common problem in surgical practice. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on the outcome is poorly understood. We compared the association of BMI and type of antibiotic therapy for cIAI described in a previously published trial of ertapenem vs. piperacillin-tazobactam (Namias N, Solomkin JS, Jensen EH, et al. Randomized, multicenter, double-blind study of efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravenous ertapenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam in treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized adults. Surg Infect 2007;8:15-28). METHODS A post-hoc analysis was performed using data obtained from the published study. The effect of BMI and type of antibiotic used for therapy were calculated for clinically favorable outcomes at early follow-up assessment (EFA). RESULTS The 231 patients who were microbiologically evaluable at EFA were stratified by BMI (<30 or ≥30 kg/m(2)). Twelve patients were excluded because of missing BMI data, leaving 219 patients for analysis. There were some differences in baseline characteristics between patients with a BMI <30 kg/m(2), including the source of intra-abdominal infection (more appendicitis in BMI <30 group; p=0.01) and gender (more men in the BMI <30 group; p=0.03). There was no difference in cure rates between the groups (82.9% for BMI <30 kg/m(2) vs. 74.5% for those with BMI ≥30 kg/m(2); 8% difference in proportions, 95% confidence interval [CI] -5%, 25%). There was an 80% favorable clinical response to ertapenem in the BMI <30 group compared with an 81% favorable rate in the BMI ≥30 group (-1% difference in proportions; 95% CI -22%, 19%). This compared with an 86% favorable response rate to piperacillin-tazobactam in the BMI <30 group vs. a 65% favorable clinical response rate in the BMI ≥30 group (21% difference in proportions; 95% CI -1%, 47%). CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the cure rate of patients with cIAI in the BMI <30 and BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the likelihood of response to an antibiotic regimen. However, there was a nominally 21% lower cure rate in the high BMI group receiving piperacillin-tazobactam (86% vs. 65%; 21% difference in proportions; 95% CI -1%, 47%), whereas there was only a 1% difference in the cure rate between BMI groups in the patients receiving ertapenem. This difference may be related to gender and etiology of infection. Although limited by the small number of high BMI patients and post-hoc methodology, these results merit consideration of the design of future prospective antibiotic trials to include stratification for BMI and consideration of the effect of BMI on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Do Investors Reinvest Dividends and Tender Offer Proceeds?

This study documents how much investors reinvest dividends and tender offer proceeds. I find that households reinvest only a small proportion of funds within two weeks, less than 1% of cash-dividends and around 10% of tender offer proceeds. Tender offer proceeds are more likely to be reinvested even when holding investor and size of the cash flow constant. This finding is consistent with the idea of investors having separate mental accounts for dividends and capital assets.
Effects of caponization on growth, carcass, and meat characteristics and the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in roosters of a Chinese indigenous breed.

The effects of caponization on growth, body measurements, carcass traits, meat quality, and the mRNA expression of three genes related to lipid metabolism in Guang-xi Yellow roosters were evaluated. Thirty roosters (25 days) of similar weight were randomly divided equally into the experimental (capons, n = 15) and control (intact males, n = 15) groups. Caponization was conducted at 28 days of age, and birds were slaughtered at 140 days of age. Capons were significantly heavier ( P < 0.05) than intact males and also had longer keel length and chest depth (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the percentage of eviscerated weight with giblet and eviscerated weight between the two groups. However, caponization increased breast muscle yield and decreased leg muscle yield (P < 0.05). The capons exhibited higher lightness values for thigh meat and lower redness values for both breast and thigh meat. Moreover, caponization up-regulated the fatty acid synthase ( FAS) mRNA level in the liver, indicating enhanced hepatic lipogenesis, and also up-regulated the lipoprotein lipase ( LPL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ () mRNA levels in abdominal adipose tissue, which indicates increased lipid deposition and adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, caponization is associated with heavier body weight, higher breast meat yield, and higher abdominal fat percentage in Guang-xi Yellow roosters; the higher abdominal fat per - centage may be associated with the increase in the mRNA expression of FAS, LPL, and PPARγ.
Mechanisms of Moving the Mind's Eye: Planning and Execution of Spatial Shifts of Attention

The usefulness of attentional orienting, both in the real world and in the laboratory, depends not only on the ability to attend to objects or other inputs but also on the ability to shift attention between them. Although understanding the basic characteristics of these shifts is a critical step toward understanding the brain mechanisms that produce them, the literature remains unresolved on a very basic and potentially revealing characteristic of these shiftsnamely, whether attention takes longer to shift a farther distance across the visual field. We addressed this question using a series of behavioral tasks involving the voluntary orienting of attention to locations in the visual field. The findings support a model in which attentional shifts include separate planning and execution stages and in which only the planning stage requires more time for shifts of a greater distance. These results offer resolution to the longstanding debate concerning the effect of attentional shift distance on shift time and provide insight into the fundamental mechanisms of attentional shifting.
Intense interval training enhances human skeletal muscle oxygen uptake in the initial phase of dynamic exercise at high but not at low intensities

The present study tested the hypothesis that intense interval training enhances human skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen uptake (V̇ O 2 ) at the onset of dynamic exercise. We also investigated whether possible training effects were dependent on exercise intensity. Six habitually active males carried out 7 weeks of intermittent‐exercise one‐legged knee‐extensor training at an intensity corresponding to ∼150% of peak thigh V̇ O 2 on three to five occasions per week. After the training period, cardiovascular and metabolic measurements were performed during knee‐extensor exercise with the trained leg (TL) and the control leg (CL) for 10 min at intensities of 10 and 30 W, and also for 4 min at 50 W. Femoral venous blood flow was higher (P < 0.05) in TL than CL from 75 to 180 s at 30 W (∼75 s: 3.43 ± 0.20 versus 2.99 ± 0.18 l min−1) and from 40 to 210 s at 50 W (∼75 s: 5.03 ± 0.41 versus 4.13 ± 0.33 l min−1). Mean arterial pressure was not different between legs. Thus, thigh vascular conductance was higher (P < 0.05) in TL than CL from 35 to 270 s at 30 W and from 150 to 240 s at 50 W. Femoral arterial–venous (a‐v) O2 difference was higher (P < 0.05) in TL than CL from 20 to 70 s at 30 W, but not different between TL and CL at 50 W. Thigh V̇ O 2 was higher (P < 0.05) in TL than CL from 20 to 110 s at 30 W (∼45 s: 0.38 ± 0.04 versus 0.30 ± 0.03 l min−1), and from 45 to 240 s at 50 W (∼45 s: 0.64 ± 0.06 versus 0.44 ± 0.08 l min−1). No differences were observed between TL and CL during exercise at 10 W. The present data demonstrate that intense interval training elevates muscle oxygen uptake, blood flow and vascular conductance in the initial phase of exercise at high, but not at low, intensities.
Gaming and Strategic Choices to American Football

We propose American football (AF) modeling by means of a context-free grammar (CFG) that cores correct combination of players’ actions to algorithmic simulation. For strategic choices, the Nash equilibrium (NE) and the Pareto efficiency (PE) are used to select AF strategy profiles having better percentage to success games: results from game simulations show that the AF team with a coach who uses NE or PE wins more games than teams that not use strategic reasoning. The team using strategic reasoning has an advantage that ranges from 30% to 65%. Using a single NE, the corresponding advantage is approximately 60% on average. Using a single PE, the corresponding advantage is approximately 35% on average. Feeding simulations with National Football League (NFL) statistics for particular teams and specific players, results close-fit to the real games played by them. Moreover, statistics confidence intervals and credible intervals support conclusions. On the base of CFG modeling and use of statistics (history of teams and players), forecasting results on future games is settled
Corporate Goverance Determinants of Earnings Management: Evidence from Nigerian Quoted Companies

The aim of this study was to classify Nigerian quoted companies into high and low earnings management levels and also to investigate how corporate governance mechanisms relate to these categories of earnings management levels. A sample of 130 companies were drawn from quoted companies on the Nigerian stock exchange over the period of 2005 to 2010 and to identify the unique firm’s corporate governance characteristics and control variables that influence firms’ decision to engage in earnings management, we conducted descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, diagnostic test and binary regressions analyses of the data. The study revealed that, quoted companies in Nigeria prefer to use high earnings management practices; Board independence had a positive and significant influence on the probability of Nigerian companies adopting absolute high earnings management, Audit committee independence had a negative and significant influence on the probability of Nigerian companies adopting absolute high earnings management, Board gender representation had a negative and significant influence on the probability of Nigerian firms adopting absolute high earnings management and Also Board size and CEO shareholding were found to be statistically not significant in influencing the likelihood of Nigerian quoted companies adopting high earnings management levels. The control variables; firm size, auditors type and industry class were found to be positive and statistically significant in determining absolute high earnings management levels of Nigeria quoted companies. This study recommended that stakeholders in quoted companies in Nigeria should promote sound audit independence, intensify the independence of board composition and encourage more female representation on the board. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n23p553
The Performance of Shareholder Influence Measures: An Empirical Assessment of Share in Votes, Banzhaf Index, and Shapley-Shubik Index

The ownership structure is one of the central fields in corporate governance research. Ownership structure metrics provides several measures of shareholder influence. However, there is little empirical evidence to assess the absolute and relative performance of these measures. This gap in the literature is mainly caused by the difficulty to establish an adequate test procedure. This research contributes to filling the gap in the literature by suggesting a new test approach. The power of a shareholder should be reflected in his representation in the board. The ability of the influence measures to explain board representation can be applied to evaluate absolute and relative performance of the influence measures. The measures of shareholder influence comprise the share in voting rights, the Shapley-Shubik index, and the Banzhaf index, from all of these measures several variants enter the analyses. For a sample of German corporations, the basic finding is that the simple share in votes is able to fend off all competitors in the capability to explain principal shareholder supervisory board representation. In addition it can be noted that, in a general perspective, the many variants of both power indices with consideration of unknown votes make up a rather homogenous group. Consequently, it does not matter much which of the variants is chosen. Both power variants with adjusted majority requirement make up a distinct group of measures, which usually perform worst.
Individual Differences in Activation of the Parental Care Motivational System: An Empirical Distinction Between Protection and Nurturance

Previous research reveals that individual differences in parental caregiving motives have implications (among both parents and nonparents) for a wide range of psychological outcomes. Here we report reanalyses of existing data sets to examine the extent to which these outcomes are uniquely predicted by two conceptually distinct factors underlying the parental caregiving motive: protection and nurturance. In doing so, we also psychometrically validate a brief self-report measure designed to efficiently assess individual differences in protection and nurturance. Results reveal that individual differences in parental protection uniquely predict a specific subset of attitudes and judgments (e.g., endorsement of restrictive parenting practices, harsher moral judgments of adults who violate social norms), whereas individual differences in parental nurturance uniquely predict a different subset of attitudes and judgments (e.g., nonparents desire to have children, preferences for committed romantic partners, more lenient moral judgments of children who violate social norms).