Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Rhinitis, Asthma, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome as Acute or Chronic Pulmonary Conditions During Pregnancy

Pulmonary complications from both obstetrical and nonobstetrical causes contribute to a mortality rate as high as 80% in the pregnant population. The effect of numerous mechanical and biochemical physiologic alterations during pregnancy can influence the maternal and fetal outcomes in a woman with a pulmonary complication. Progesterone, the primary hormone of pregnancy, is a respiratory stimulant that enhances carbon dioxide release and alters the maternal pH in favor of releasing oxygen to the fetus. During systemic compromise, which may be experienced as an acute asthmatic attack or respiratory distress syndrome, desaturation and carbon dioxide retention ensue. Under these conditions, the fetus is at risk for perinatal hypoxemia. Although prompt recognition and treatment are important to minimize maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality, evidence-based literature regarding critical care techniques that promote optimal obstetrical outcomes is limited. Therefore, a collaborative approach to the care of these women is warranted. In addition to critical care, emergency medicine, and obstetrical nurses, the medical team may include an obstetrician, a perinatologist, a neonatologist, a pulmonologist, an intensivist, and an immunologist.
An Agenda for Comparing Local Governance and Institutional Collective Action in Canada and the United States

As neighboring federal systems, Canada and the United States provide an opportunity to compare institutional collective action (ICA) by proximate local governments. After explaining the importance of understanding local governance in Canada and the United States in comparative context, the ICA framework is used to highlight propositions along two paths of inquiry. First, the ICA framework can be used to compare responses to ICA dilemmas in two distinct systems of local governance, focusing on the comparative instance of use and performance of ICA mechanisms. Second, the ICA framework can be used to analyze collaboration and paradiplomacy across the international border. Deploying the ICA framework for comparative research can improve our understanding of local governance and local government reform in both countries.
Analisis Pengaruh PDRB, Tingkat Pengangguran, dan IPM Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

AbstrakTingginya tingkat kemiskinan di Jawa Tengah menunjukkan proses pembangunan ekonomi yang belum bisa meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara merata. Dengan demikian, diperlukan adanya analisis untuk mengetahui factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan dalam rangka mengatasi kemiskinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Tingkat Kemiskinan, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan pada 35 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dari tahun 2011 hingga 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan data cross-section terdiri dari 35 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan data time-series yaitu tahun 2011-2015. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam dalam mengestimasi model regresi data panel yaitu Fixed Effect Model (FEM) atau disebut juga Least Square Dummy Variable. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel laju pertumbuhan PDRB berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan. IPM berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan. Sedangkan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan. Kata kunci: Kemiskinan, Laju Pertumbuhan PDRB, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), Fixed Effect Model. AbstractThe high level of poverty in Central Java shows unreliable development that still cannot increase prosperity equally. Hence, analysis is required to identify several factor that affect. This research’s purpose is to identify Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP), Unemployment Level, Human Development Index (HDI) that affect the poverty level of the poverty level of 35 Districts/Cities of Central Java Province from 2011 until 2016. This research uses secondary data containing 35 Districts/Cities of Central Java on cross section data and 2011 until 2016 on time series data. The analytical method of this research is Fixed Effect Model (FEM) or Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV). The results of this research show that Growth of GDRP gives positive and significant effect for poverty level. HDI give negative and significant effect for poverty level. On the other side, Unemployment Level give positive and significant effect for poverty level. Keyword: Poverty, Growth of GDRP, Human Development Index (HDI), Unemployment, Fixed Effect Model.
Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in 100 patients

The objective of the current study was to report a single‐surgeon, single‐center experience with 100 consecutive laparoscopic radical nephrectomies with intact specimen extraction, with the aim of evaluating the oncologic adequacy of the laparoscopic dissection from a technical standpoint and various parameters including the learning curve.
A Re-Evaluation of the Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle in the Eurozone

In this paper we re-evaluate the capital immobility hypothesis of Feldstein and Horioka (1980) for the case of the European Union and the Eurozone, based on long-run regressions. We employ the Long Run Derivative proposed by Fischer and Seater (1993) in order to examine capital mobility as a long-run phenomenon. In order to enhance the robustness of our results we also perform panel causality tests on our data as it is a common approach in this setting. Our empirical findings provide no evidence in favor of the capital immobility hypothesis. In fact, we reject capital immobility even before the creation of the European Union, the introduction of the Eurozone or the 2008 global financial crisis.
Process control and quality performance: the role of shop-floor leadership practices

Human Resource Management issues are a crucial factor in the effective implementation of tools and practices in the field of Quality Management. Our study addresses this issue by considering the existence of complementarities between Process Control (PC) and two shop-floor leadership practices (i.e. Shop-Floor Contact (SFC) and Supervisory Interaction Facilitation (SIF)), directed to promote contact and interaction between middle managers and supervisors with blue collar workers to explain quality performance, which is measured by Quality of Conformance (QC) and Customer Satisfaction (CS). The data used in this study were gathered from 317 manufacturing plants, with more than 100 workers, operating in 10 countries all over the world. Our results confirm the positive effects that PC practices have on both QC and CS. In addition, we observed that leadership practices moderate the relationship between PC and quality performance measures. Specifically, it seems that the SFC interacts with PC to improve CS; whereas, SIF can be an aid for PC to increase QC.
Functional tumor imaging with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) is the acquisition of serial MRI images before, during, and after the administration of an MR contrast agent. Unlike conventional enhanced MRI, which simply provides a snapshot of enhancement at one point in time, DCE‐MRI permits a fuller depiction of the wash‐in and wash‐out contrast kinetics within tumors, and thus provides insight into the nature of the bulk tissue properties. Such data is readily amenable to two‐compartment pharmacokinetic modeling from which parameters based on the rates of exchange between the compartments can be generated. These parameters can be used to generate color‐encoded images that aid in the visual assessment of tumors. DCE‐MRI is used currently to characterize masses, stage tumors, and noninvasively monitor therapy. While DCE‐MRI is in clinical use, there are also a number of limitations, including overlap between malignant and benign inflammatory tissue, failure to resolve microscopic disease, and the inconsistent predictive value of enhancement pattern with regard to clinical outcome. Current research focuses on improving understanding of the meaning of DCE‐MRI at a molecular level, evaluating macromolecular and targeted contrast agents, and combining DCE‐MRI with other physiologic imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography. Efforts to standardize DCE‐MRI acquisition, analysis, and reporting methods will allow wider dissemination of this useful functional imaging technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:509–520. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Disruption of the Epithelial Mesenchymal Trophic Unit in COPD

ABSTRACT Progression of COPD is associated with a measurable increase in small airway wall thickness resulting from a repair and remodeling process that involves fibroblasts of the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU). The present study was designed to examine the organization of fibroblasts within the lamina propria of small airways with respect to their contacts with the epithelium and with each other in persons with COPD. Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of serial TEM sections were used to estimate the frequency and determine the nature of the contacts between the epithelium and fibroblasts within the EMTU in small airways from 5 controls (smokers with normal lung function), from 6 persons with mild (GOLD-1) and 5 with moderate (GOLD-2) COPD. In airways from control lungs fibroblasts make frequent contact with cytoplasmic extensions of epithelial cells through apertures in the epithelial basal lamina, but the frequency of these fibroblast-epithelial contacts is reduced in both mild and moderate COPD compared to controls (p < 0.01). The 3D reconstructions showed that the cytoplasmic extensions of lamina propria fibroblasts form a reticulum with fibroblast-fibroblast contacts in an airway from a control subject but this reticulum may be reorganized in airways of COPD patients. Development of COPD is associated with significant disruption of the EMTU due to a reduction of contacts between fibroblasts and the epithelium.
Subjective sleep quality and postconcussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury

Abstract Primary objective: The goal of this investigation is to examine the prevalence of poor subjective sleep in patients with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and examine the relationship between subjective sleep quality and postconcussive symptoms (PCS), above and beyond the typical demographic and psychological distress variables. Research design: Individuals with a history of mTBI completed online questionnaires. Regression analysis was utilized to determine if subjective sleep quality would predict PCS severity, above and beyond demographic variables and psychological distress. Methods and procedures: Individuals with a history of mTBI (n = 158) completed surveys online. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and PCS with the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). Demographic information was collected and psychological distress was measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). Main outcomes and results: In this sample, 92% of patients with mTBI reported poor sleep. Sleep quality significantly accounted for the variance in PCS, above and beyond demographics, time since injury and psychological distress (p < 0.001), although only a small amount of the variance in PCS was explained. Conclusions: Results indicate that poor subjective sleep quality is a significant problem in those with mTBI. While sleep is associated with PCS severity, psychological distress is a more potent predictor.
Prognostic Value of Estrogen Receptor and Ki-67 Index after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Expressing High Levels of Proliferation at Diagnosis

Purpose: Breast cancers expressing high levels of Ki-67, a nuclear marker of cell proliferation, are associated with worse outcome. Recent data from neoadjuvant studies indicate that a single measurement of the nuclear proliferation marker Ki-67 in breast carcinoma during neoadjuvant therapy is strongly predictive of long-term outcome. Secondly, recent literature data indicate that prognostic evaluation with Ki-67 may be better after pre-surgical therapy. A retrospective study from a prospectively maintained clinical database to compare the predictive and prognostic significance of biological markers, assessed before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in locally advanced breast cancer, was performed. Patients and Methods: The following parameters were considered before and after chemotherapy for their relationship with treatment response and disease-free survival in 64 patients with locally advanced breast cancer: clinical stage, clinical and pathological lymph node involvement, Ki-67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (Pgr), Her2, tumor grade, clinical response, type of surgery performed, and number of chemotherapy cycles administered. The expression of Ki-67 was assessed using immunohistochemistry in pre-therapy tru-cut and post-therapy surgical excision specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; only patients with breast tumors expressing high baseline Ki-67 (≧15%) were included in the analysis. In addition, the correlation between pre-chemotherapy biological markers and clinical and pathological response was reported. Results: Post-chemotherapy Ki-67 proliferation index decrease, pre-chemotherapy ER expression and post-chemotherapy ER expression were the only significant prognostic factors adversely influencing disease-free survival in univariate analysis. Her2 overexpression was the only factor to impact on the clinical response. Conclusions: Post-treatment Ki-67 and ER status were predictors of outcome for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and a high pre-chemotherapy proliferation index.
Cardiac myocyte force development during differentiation and maturation

The maturation of cardiac myocytes during the immediate prenatal period coincides with changes in the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. We investigated the effects of extracellular stiffness on cardiomyocyte maturation in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes grown on collagen‐coated gels. Cells on 10‐kPa substrates developed aligned sarcomeres, while cells on stiffer substrates had unaligned sarcomeres and stress fibers. Cells generated greater mechanical force on gels with stiffness similar to that of the native myocardium than on stiffer or softer substrates. To investigate the differentiation of myocyte progenitors, we used clonal expansion of engineered human embryonic stem cells. Puromycin‐selected cardiomyocytes exhibited a gene expression profile similar to that of adult human cardiomyocytes and generated force and action potentials consistent with normal fetal cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that extracellular stiffness significantly affects maturation and differentiation of immature ventricular myocytes.
Epitope Determinants of a Chimpanzee Dengue Virus Type 4 (DENV-4)-Neutralizing Antibody and Protection against DENV-4 Challenge in Mice and Rhesus Monkeys by Passively Transferred Humanized Antibody

ABSTRACT The chimpanzee monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5H2 is specific for dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) and neutralizes the virus at a high titer in vitro. The epitope detected by the antibody was mapped by sequencing neutralization escape variants of the virus. One variant contained a Lys174-Glu substitution and another contained a Pro176-Leu substitution in domain I of the DENV-4 envelope protein (E). These mutations reduced binding affinity for the antibody 18- to >100-fold. Humanized immunoglobulin G (IgG) 5H2, originally produced from an expression vector, has been shown to be a variant containing a nine-amino-acid deletion in the Fc region which completely ablates antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV replication in vitro. The variant MAb, termed IgG 5H2 ΔD, is particularly attractive for exploring its protective capacity in vivo. Passive transfer of IgG 5H2 ΔD at 20 μg/mouse afforded 50% protection of suckling mice against challenge with 25 50% lethal doses of mouse neurovirulent DENV-4 strain H241. Passive transfer of antibody to monkeys was conducted to demonstrate proof of concept for protection against DENV challenge. Monkeys that received 2 mg/kg of body weight of IgG 5H2 ΔD were completely protected against 100 50% monkey infectious doses (MID50) of DENV-4, as indicated by the absence of viremia and seroconversion. A DENV-4 escape mutant that contained a Lys174-Glu substitution identical to that found in vitro was isolated from monkeys challenged with 106 MID50 of DENV-4. This substitution was also present in all naturally occurring isolates belonging to DENV-4 genotype III. These studies have important implications for possible antibody-mediated prevention of DENV infection.
Informal childcare and childcare choice in Wales

The importance of childcare as a field of study and for public policy has grown in recent times in response to an increase in women in the labour force and increasing evidence of the developmental importance of the early years. Following devolution in the UK childcare is now the responsibility of the devolved Governments. In Wales, some distinctive early childhood policies have been developed, but it is unclear whether or not there is a coherent approach which incorporates childcare. Anecdotally, one of the distinctive features of childcare often highlighted in Wales, is the importance of informal care, yet despite a body of UK research examining informal childcare from a number of perspectives, little is known about the practice in Wales. Whether the use of informal childcare in Wales is distinctive and, if so, why is it important, are key questions that are unanswered. The aim of this research has been to examine the field of childcare in Wales and, within it, the choices that families make between formal and informal care. It utilises the theories of Pierre Bourdieu in the study of childcare as a social practice, using his key ‘thinking tools’ of habitus, capitals and field. The study also follows his methodological approach to researching the topic. Three inter-related strands of research activity are presented in this thesis using mixed methods. First, is a structured analysis of policy and related texts. Secondly, data from the 2015 National Survey for Wales is subjected to quantitative examination to present a picture of informal childcare use in Wales, and thirdly, interviews with 45 parents from three areas of Wales are interpreted using thematic analysis. The research finds that there are indeed distinctive aspects of childcare in Wales, including greater use of informal care and less use of formal childcare than in England. Informal childcare use is found to be less associated with economic capital than accumulations of cultural and social capital. Building on Bourdieu’s theories, it finds that alongside unequal possession of capital, parental habitus including work and care dispositions are important in understanding the decisions that parents make about childcare. Also found are differences in the choices that parents make, and are able to make, according to where they live - as well as some distinctive practices related to Welsh language. In conclusion, this research finds that the distinctiveness of the childcare field in Wales and the policy context are inter-related. The political and ideological framing of childcare in Wales along with the delivery model of formal childcare are found to be incoherent. This can be observed to result in many parents relying on informal childcare to accommodate work and caring responsibilities and preferences. Those parents without access to informal care are therefore considerably disadvantaged
Gendered health resources and coping - A study from general practice

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore gender and coping in primary health care patients, by comparing self-assessed health resources in men and women. Methods: Female and male patients' self-assessed health resources were identified by mean of key questions, developed separately for men and women. Patients' answers were audiotaped and analyzed qualitatively. An explorative gender comparative analysis was done. The setting comprised two women GPs and their consultations. The subjects were 37 consecutive female patients and 39 consecutive male patients aged 19-85 years. Results: The analysis indicated notable differences in spite of apparent similarities in self-assessed personal health resources in men and women. In men, personal strength was part of a proud identity, while women reported that they were able to manage because they just had to. Work was often mentioned as a health resource, but while men emphasized their well-being at work and a capacity to relax at home, women handled stressful tensions by diving into household activities. While men spoke of gaining health from being with others, women talked about social relations as contexts for gaining as well as giving health. Conclusion : None of the phenomena described by the respondents can be reasonably categorized as respectively problem-focused, emotion-focused or avoidance coping strategies. Asking people about their own ideas regarding health resources may provide more complex understandings of coping and gender. In a clinical setting skilful listening can prevent gender essentialism, where all men are regarded as different from all women.
Posterior cruciate ligament architecture: evaluation under microsurgical dissection.

PURPOSE Our objective was to verify the fiber anatomy of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and to measure the main dimensions and the femoral and tibial attachment site distances of the ligament after microsurgical dissection. We hypothesized that PCL anatomy is more complex than the 2 traditionally characterized bands. TYPE OF STUDY This is a purely anatomic description of microdissections of the PCL, focused on the fine anatomy of the ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were dissected using magnifying loupes and an operative microscope, being careful to avoid creating artificially separated bundles. The main dimensions of the PCL were measured using a micrometer. RESULTS The anterior, central, posterior-longitudinal, and posterior-oblique were the 4 fiber regions identified based on their orientation and the osseous sites of their insertions. These were partially separable anatomically but were functionally distinct. The anterior and central fiber regions made up the bulk of the ligament, while the remaining 15% consisted of the posterior fiber regions. During manual joint motion, the behavior of these fiber regions was observed. The anterior fiber region appeared to be the most nonisometric and remained in tension mainly between 30 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion. The posterior fiber regions appeared to be the most isometric (especially the posterior-oblique) and remained in tension mainly in extension and partially in deep flexion. The central fiber region appeared to have an intermediate behavior and remained in tension mainly between 30 degrees and 120 degrees of flexion. Additionally, it appeared to be the widest of all fiber regions. CONCLUSIONS These findings should be of interest and help in interpreting some of the anatomy encountered during arthroscopic examination of the PCL, both from the anterior and posterior lateral portals. Furthermore, this information should prove useful in selecting treatment for the PCL.