Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering

The third edition of this highly acclaimed undergraduate textbook is suitable for teaching all the mathematics ever likely to be needed for an undergraduate course in any of the physical sciences. As well as lucid descriptions of all the topics covered and many worked examples, it contains more than 800 exercises. A number of additional topics have been included and the text has undergone significant reorganisation in some areas. New stand-alone chapters: • give a systematic account of the 'special functions' of physical science • cover an extended range of practical applications of complex variables including WKB methods and saddle-point integration techniques • provide an introduction to quantum operators. Further tabulations, of relevance in statistics and numerical integration, have been added. In this edition, all 400 odd-numbered exercises are provided with complete worked solutions in a separate manual, available to both students and their teachers; these are in addition to the hints and outline answers given in the main text. The even-numbered exercises have no hints, answers or worked solutions and can be used for unaided homework; full solutions to them are available to instructors on a password-protected website. Ken Riley read mathematics at the University of Cambridge and proceeded to a Ph.D. there in theoretical and experimental nuclear physics. He became a research associate in elementary particle physics at Brookhaven, and then, having taken up a lectureship at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, continued this research at the Rutherford Laboratory and Stanford; in particular he was involved in the experimental discovery of a number of the early baryonic resonances. As well as having been Senior Tutor at Clare College, where he has taught physics and mathematics for over 40 years, he has served on many committees concerned with the teaching and examining of these subjects at all levels of tertiary and undergraduate education. He is also one of the authors of 200 Puzzling Physics Problems. Michael Hobson read natural sciences at the University of Cambridge, spe-cialising in theoretical physics, and remained at the Cavendish Laboratory to complete a Ph.D. in the physics of star-formation. As a research fellow at Trinity Hall, Cambridge and subsequently an advanced fellow of the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, he developed an interest in cosmology, and in particular in the study of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background. He was involved in the first detection of these fluctuations using a ground-based interferometer. He is …
Distributed synchronization and spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

As an emerging and promising technology, cognitive radio has been recently proposed to alleviate spectrum scarcity by allowing unlicensed (secondary) users to coexist with licensed (primary) users while not causing harmful interference. In this work, we study two important components in constructing cognitive radio networks: distributed time synchronization and cooperative spectrum sensing. First, we focus on the task of synchronizing distributed cognitive radios to the same timing reference, so that they may effectively communicate over a common control channel and conduct network tasks, e.g., cooperative spectrum sensing, distributed spectrum allocation, etc. Although presented here in the context of cognitive radio network formation, distributed timing synchronization is critical in all distributed network scenarios. In this dissertation, we propose a novel discrete time secondand high-order distributed consensus time synchronization (DCTS) algorithm for ad hoc networks and examine their convergence properties. We claim that the optimal convergence rate of the secondand high-order DCTS algorithm is superior to that of the first-order DCTS algorithm under an appropriate algorithm design. Furthermore, we extend our study on the convergence of the DCTS algorithm when both deterministic and uncertain time delays impact local pair-wise time information exchange. Specifically, we model random delay between secondary users using a Gaussian approximation and determine the resulting asymptotic behavior of global synchronization error. In the second topic, we study cooperative spectrum sensing in cost constrained cognitive radio networks with a centralized fusion center. Specifically, we examine the case when cognitive radios forward local spectrum statistic to the fusion cen1 ter over two channel scenarios: parallel access channel (PAC) and multiple access channel (MAC). For both channel scenarios, we aim to maximize the global detection probability of available spectrum subject to a system level cost constraint. (1) In PAC scenario, our objective is to choose appropriate number of energy samples that must be collected at each secondary user and appropriate amplifier gain that each secondary user must use to forward its statistics to the fusion center. When jointly designing these two parameters, we demonstrate that only one secondary user needs to be active, i.e., collecting local energy samples and transmitting energy statistic to fusion center. (2) In MAC scenario, our objective is to choose appropriate beamforming weights subject to a global transmit power constraint. Under correlated lognormal shadowing, we derive closed-form expressions of optimal beamforming weights and claim that global detection probability increases as the number of secondary users increases for a simplified linear array network.
La duración vocálica en español

In this paper we describe an experimental analysis of vowel duration in Spanish. Some factors that seem relevant in other studies for characterizing vowel duration were analized here using speech data from two speakers. These factors are: vowel identity, phrase boundaries, lexical stress, open versus closed syllables and effect of the postvocalic consonant. Our results show that Spanish vowels have intrinsic duration and there are some contextual factors, like phrase final boundary, stressed syllables and open syllables, that influence vowel lengthening. For voicing and manner of articulation of postvocalic consonant, significant differences were not found.
Becoming a "Communal Architect" in the Online Classroom--Integrating Cognitive & Affective Learning for Maximum Effect in Web-Based Learning

Successful online instructors realize that building a sense of "community" in the online classroom is necessary for successful learning outcomes (Gunawardena, 1994; Wiesenberg & Hutton, 1996; Campbell, 1997; Gunawardena & Zittle, 1997; McLellan, 1999; Kazmer, 2000; Wegerif, 1998). The development of community "becomes a parallel stream to the content being explored" in online courses: [It is not] "something that 'mucks up' or interferes with the learning process (Palloff & Pratt, 1999, p. 30).
Phonemic coding might be a result of sensory-motorcoupling dynamics

Human sound systems are invariably phonemically coded. Furthermore,phoneme inventories follow very particular tendancies. To explain these phenomena, there existed so far three kinds of approaches : "Chomskyan"/cognitive innatism, morpho-perceptual innatism and the more recent approach of "language as a complex cultural systemwhich adapts under the pressure of efficient communication". The two first approaches are clearly not satisfying, whilethe third, even if much more convincing, makes a lot of speculative assumptions and did notreally bring answers to the question of phonemic coding. We proposehere a new hypothesis based on a low-level model ofsensory-motor interactions. We show that certain very simple and non language-specific neural devices allow a population of agents to build signalling systemswithout any functional pressure. Moreover, these systemsare phonemically coded. Using a realistic vowel articulatorysynthesizer, we show that the inventories of vowels have striking similarities with human vowel systems.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI VIRUS DI KELAS X ALIYAH AL–FAJRI TANJUNGBALAI TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan belajar siswa pada materi virus di kelas X dari aspek kognitif, berdasarkan hasil peta konsep, dan faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa kelas X Aliyah Al– Fajri Tanjungbalai Tahun pembelajaran 2016/2017. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah siswa Kelas X IPA. Sampel diambil secara sampel total yaitu kelas X1, X2 dan X3 dengan jumlah siswa 95 orang di Aliyah Al–Fajri Tanjungbalai. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar siswa pada materi virus, peta konsep acuan dan wawancara terbatas dengan siswa mengenai faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kesulitan belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif tingkat pengetahuan (C1) 69,13% dengan kategori kesulitan sangat tinggi, tingkat pemahaman (C2) 31,58% dengan kategori kesulitan sedang, tingkat penerapan (C3) 15,06% dengan kategori kesulitan rendah, tingkat analisis (C4) 42,64% dengan kategori kesulitan tinggi, tingkat evaluasi (C5) 37,55% dengan kategori kesulitan tinggi, tingkat kreasi (C6) 45,79% dengan tingkat kategori kesulitan tinggi. Persentase perkembangan peta konsep siswa pada materi virus: persentase perkembangan peta konsep siswa berdasarkan hasil peta konsep dengan persentase 18,94% dengan kriteria sederhana, letak kesulitan siswa terletak pada indikator mengidentifikasikan ciri-ciri virus. Persentase 57,89% dengan kriteria berkembang, letak kesulitan siswa terletak pada indikator menjelaskan cara replikasi virus dan persentase 23,15% dengan kriteria kompleks, kesulitan siswa terletak pada indikator membedakan struktur tubuh virus dengan makluk lain. Faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa yaitu faktor minat, materi dan media sedangkan faktor yang paling dominan dalam kesulitan belajar siswa adalah faktor minat. Kata kunci : kesulitan belajar, aspek kognitif, peta konsep dan faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar
Mining Functionally Novel Association Rules: A Domain-Driven Data Mining Approach using Biomedical Literature and Ontology

Introduction. Good medical hypotheses are the key to most medical breakthroughs. Association rules produced by medical data mining systems may lead to the formulation of valid medical hypotheses. An important requirement is that these rules must be novel. However, evaluating rule novelty based on the traditional pairwise approach has always been challenging. This study introduces a new non-pairwise novelty criterion termed the functional novelty. Objective. To develop a new knowledge discovery framework and techniques for discovering functionally novel association rules from cardiovascular data sets. Methods. Association rules were mined from two cardiovascular data sets using the FP-Growth algorithm with sufficiently low minimum support and confidence thresholds. The rules were semantically filtered against semantic relations defined in Unified Medical Language System ontology. By applying a modified χ2-based correlation measure called χlit, the filtered rules were then validated against Pubmed literature to determine their compliance with the existing medical domain knowledge. Only the domain knowledge-compliant rules were selected for the final rule post-processing. In the conducted experiments, a cardiologist prescribed four pairs of medical hypotheses. The functional novelty of each association rule was determined based on its likelihood in mediating these hypotheses using the Minχ2 score. Results. KELAM, a novel domain-driven knowledge discovery framework was constructed. Two experiments were conducted with the cardiologist’s evaluation results as the gold standard. In the Experiment I, χlit exhibited a high recall rate for domain knowledge-compliant rules even though it suffered from a low precision. In the Experiment II, Minχ2 proved to be useful for ranking the rule functional novelty because all candidate functionally novel rules were found among the top-10 rules. One interesting result showed that KELAM suggested a potential relationship between von willebrand factor and intracardiac thrombus via the association rule diabetes mellitus⇔coronary arteriosclerosis.
Mothertongue: Incorporating Theatre of the Oppressed into Language Restoration Movements.

As we dangle precariously on the edge of loss, First Nations people claw our fingers deep into earth to pull ourselves up, to dis-cover what has been destroyed and hidden during 510 years of European occupation of our homelands. Miraculously, we have survived mass genocide of our peoples and attempts to burn our lives and languages off the face of the planet. But it is not a survival that we carry without wounds, without scars of loss criss-crossing our skin. Sometimes we bare open wounds we find too terrifying and bloody to look at, and neglect them until they fester. In order to dis-cover and (re)learn the languages of our peoples, we must grapple with the history of genocide and compulsory assimilation that paved the road to language loss. We must use all the tools available in order to heal from and/or understand historical and personal trauma, to loosen the stones tied to our hands and blocking our mouths. Theatre of the Oppressed (TO), a movement of radical theatre and popular education founded by Brazilian actor and educator Augusto Boal, is one of many tools that holds promise for First Nations people to dislodge these stones and to return to and stabilize our Mothertongues. 1
A connectionist model of the effect of pro-drop on svo languages

We present four computational experiments that investigate the impact of null subjects (pro-drop) on the learnability of languages with a basic Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) word order and varying amounts of morphological marking on their nouns and verbs. The simulations show that the effect of pro-drop on language learnability is limited as long as some morphological marking is present. Contrary to expectation, rich agreement markers are no more useful in the simulations than nominal case markers or verbal Tense/Aspect/Modality markers. In the absence of morphological marking, however, pro-drop leads to severe learnability problems in the simulations: overall performance on this language type is significantly worse (Experiment 1); additional exposure to language data is not as useful as with other types (Experiment 2); novel words are more problematic in this type (Experiment 3); and noun/verb homonyms also decrease performance for this type (Experiment 4). An analysis of the simulations shows that the main problem is accurately distinguishing nouns from verbs. These results suggests that the combination of pro-drop and no morphological marking should be unattested among natural languages. To test this hypothesis we first survey various creole languages as they are SVO and typically lack morphological markers. However, cross-linguistic data shows that creole languages do not allow pro-drop unless they have also developed agreement markers. We then discuss Mandarin Chinese because it allows widespread pro-drop and features only minimal morphological marking. A closer look at the language reveals that Mandarin provides quite reliable cues for identifying nouns and verbs in the language. Crucially, these cues are acquired very early by children learning Mandarin. Similarly, children only very rarely use nouns as verbs (or vice versa)---unlike in English where pro-drop is not possible. Two other unusual properties of Mandarin Chinese that are also compatible with our experimental results are the relatively early acquisition of verbs and the presence of relatively frequent noun/verb homonymy. Mandarin is thus not a counter-example to the results of the simulations. We end by situating our work in relation to various other approaches, such as the Competition Model, Optimality Theory, and probabilistic linguistics.
Special feature: component-based software using resolve

Producing quality designs for software components, like component design in more mature areas of engineering, demands simultaneous attention to a wide range of substantive technical problems. The RESOLVE effort is a comprehensive venture with precisely this objective. Its goal is to develop and explore a conceptually robust framework, language, and discipline for component engineering. This special feature on component-based software using RESOLVE provides a digest of published results to date and adds significant new background material.
Science fiction and philosophy : from time travel to superintelligence

Sources and Acknowledgments Introduction Thought Experiments: Science Fiction as a Window into Philosophical Puzzles (Susan Schneider). Part I: Could I be in a "Matrix" or Computer Simulation? Related Works: The Matrix Permutation City The 13th Floor Vanilla Sky Total Recall Animatrix 1. Brain in a Vat (John Pollock). 2. Are You In a Computer Simulation (Nick Bostrom). 3. Excerpt from The Republic Plato 4. Excerpt from The Meditations on First Philosophy (Rene Descartes). 5. The Matrix as Metaphysics (David J. Chalmers). Part II: What Am I? Free Will and the Nature of Persons Related Works: Software Star Trek, The Next Generation: Second Chances Mindscan The Matrix Minority Report 6. Where Am I (Daniel C. Dennett). 7. Personal Identity (Eric Olson). 8. Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons (Derek Parfit). 9. Who Am I? What Am I (Ray Kurzweil). 10. Free Will and Determinism in the World of Minority Report (Michael Huemer). 11. Excerpt from "The Book of Life: A Thought Experiment" (Alvin I. Goldman). Part III: Mind: Natural, Artificial, Hybrid, and "Super" Related Works: 2001 Blade Runner AI Frankenstein Terminator I, Robot 12. Robot Dreams (Isaac Asimov). 13. A Brain Speaks (Andy Clark). 14. The Mind as the Software of the Brain (Ned Block). 15. Cyborgs Unplugged (Andy Clark). 16. Consciousness in Human and Robot Minds (Daniel C. Dennett). 17. Superintelligence and Singularity (Ray Kurzweil). Part IV: Ethical and Political Issues Related Works: Brave New World Gattaca Terminator White Plague 18. The Man on the Moon (George J. Annas). 19. Mindscan: Transcending and Enhancing the Human (Brain Susan Schneider). 20. The Doomsday Argument (John Leslie). 21. Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics" and Machine Metaethics (Susan Leigh Anderson). 22. Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence (Nick Bostrom). Part V: Space and Time Related Works: Twelve Monkeys Slaughterhouse Five The Time Machine Back to the Future Flatland: A Romance in Many Dimensions 23. A Sound of Thunder (Ray Bradbury). 24. Time (Theodore Sider). 25. The Paradoxes of Time Travel (David Lewis). 26. The Quantum Physics of Time Travel (David Deutsch and Michael Lockwood). 27. Miracles and Wonders: Science Fiction as Epistemology (Richard Hanley). Index
A BAYESIAN APPROACH FOR DEALING WITH UNCERTAIN CONTEXTS

Building of context-aware applications in pervasive computing environments faces the difficult problem of dealing with uncertain context information. In this paper, we propose a probability extension to our ontology-based model for representing uncertain contexts; and use Bayesian networks to reason about uncertainty. In addition, the supports of probabilistic markups and Bayesian networks have been incorporated into our contextaware middleware system to enable the building of context-aware services by using various uncertain contexts. We also present our experiences and discussions.
Soldier-in-the-Loop Target Acquisition Performance Prediction Through 2001: Integration of Perceptual and Cognitive Models

Abstract : Modeling Soldier-in-the-loop target acquisition performance is necessary for the development of improved sensors, more effective training methods, and better war game simulations. Accurately modeling requires a detailed understanding of how the observer employs sensor information to acquire a target. This report takes a two-pronged approach to how future models can be improved by the sensible integration of human visual processing. One prong concerns basic research from the perceptual psychology community. Over the last few decades, this research has generated a detailed theoretical understanding of visual processing and decision making, based on visual information. The other prong concerns important models, modeling frameworks, and scene metrics from the military target acquisition community. Particular attention is paid to issues of clutter, the extendibility of the Johnson criteria, classical and neoclassical search frameworks, the selection of methods and performance metrics, and existing Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate models. Phenomena from perceptual psychology known to affect target acquisition are reviewed in terms of how target acquisition models do and do not account for them. Basic models of visual search are included as guides for how target acquisition models may incorporate some of these factors. Visual selective attention is recommended as a means for the theoretically meaningful inclusion of psychologically important factors into target acquisition modeling.
Improving the Bees Algorithm for Complex Optimisation Problems

An improved swarm-based optimisation algorithm from the Bees Algorithm family for solving complex optimisation problems is proposed. Like other Bees Algorithms, the algorithm performs a form of exploitative local search combined with random exploratory global search. This thesis details the development and optimisation of this algorithm and demonstrates its robustness. The development includes a new method of tuning the Bees Algorithm called Meta Bees Algorithm and the functionality of the proposed method is compared to the standard Bees Algorithm and to a range of state-of-the-art optimisation algorithms. A new fitness evaluation method has been developed to enable the Bees Algorithm to solve a stochastic optimisation problem. The new modified Bees Algorithm was tested on the optimisation of parameter values for the Ant Colony Optimisation algorithm when solving Travelling Salesman Problems. Finally, the Bees Algorithm has been adapted and employed to solve complex combinatorial problems. The algorithm has been combined with two neighbourhood operators to solve such problems. The performance of the proposed Bees Algorithm has been tested on a number of travelling salesman problems, including two problems on printed circuit board assembly machine sequencing.
Nachweis deutschsprachiger bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlicher Aufsätze in Google Scholar [References to German LIS articles in Google Scholar]

In this study, we ask if Google Scholar is suitable for finding articles in library and information science. Therefore, we check if articles published from 2004-2006 from the eight major German language LIS periodicals can be found in Google Scholar. We find that Google Scholar does not give bibliographic data for all articles and is therefore no substitute for bibliographic databases. But, Google Scholar makes available a certain amount of the articles in full text. Therefore, in some cases it can be a fast and unproblematic way for obtaining full texts, omitting the traditional way of visiting the library or interlibrary loan. For library and information science, Google Scholar could be a good way to make its articles available to a wider audience.