Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival Rate and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Mortality in Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Anti-Retrovial Therapy (ART) in Myanmar: a Registry Based Retrospective Cohort Study 2005-2015

Background: With increasing coverage of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS, their survival has been improved in recent years. However, the country is still facing a substantial number of AIDS related deaths. In response to this problem, this study assesses the survival rate of adult HIV-infected patients receiving ART and identifies the determinants of their mortality including socio-demographic factors to identify areas for improvements. Methods: A registry-based retrospective cohort study was applied by reviewing records of patients receiving ART between June 1, 2005 and May 31, 2015 at the HIV-specialist hospital in Yangon, Myanmar. Time to death was the main outcome measure in the study and the outcome date was December 31, 2015. Life Table Analysis, the Kaplan- Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate survival and to identify determinants of mortality. A total of 7995 patients were included in the analysis. Results: The mean follow-up time of the sample was 34.57 (SD ± 30.14) months and the median survival time of the sample was longer than 127 months. Mortality rate was 3.95 deaths per 100-person-year of follow up period. The cumulative probabilities of survival at 6 months, 1 year, 5 years and 10 years of receiving ART were 0.91, 0.90, 0.86 and 0.83 respectively. Among the six socio-demographic characteristics, age and sex of the HIV-infected patients on ART are associated with their mortality, i.e. age at the start of ART of ≥35 years (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =1.28) and male (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =1.24). No OI prophylaxis (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =4.63), <95% ART adherence (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =14.78), not changing ART regimen during the course (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =2.31), WHO clinical staging 3 and 4 (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =1.39), bedridden functional status (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =2.18) and baseline CD 4 count of <200/mm 3 (Adjusted Hazard Ratio =1.66) were treatment and clinical factors associated with HIV mortality after adjusting other covariates. Conclusion: The findings indicate that priority should be given to patients who have a high risk of mortality within six months after initiation of ART. The study provides information to policy makers and HIV/AIDS program implementers to plan and implement appropriate interventions for the improvement of survival of HIV/AIDS patients in Myanmar.
Why the Simple View of Reading Is Not Simplistic: Unpacking Component Skills of Reading Using a Direct and Indirect Effect Model of Reading (DIER)

ABSTRACT Pathways of relations of language, cognitive, and literacy skills (i.e., working memory, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, inference, comprehension monitoring, word reading, and listening comprehension) to reading comprehension were examined by comparing four variations of direct and indirect effects model of reading. Results from 350 English-speaking second graders revealed that language and cognitive component skills had direct and indirect relations to listening comprehension, explaining 86% of variance. Word reading and listening comprehension completely mediated the relations of language and cognitive component skills to reading comprehension and explained virtually all the variance in reading comprehension. Total effects of component skills varied from small to substantial. The findings support the direct and indirect effects model of reading model and indicate that word reading and listening comprehension are upper-level skills that are built on multiple language and cognitive component skills, which have direct and indirect relations among themselves. The results underscore the importance of understanding nature of relations.
Prescription for Profit: How Doctors Defraud Medicaid

Today it seems almost trite to say that the American health care system is in chaos. If the well-known crises of soaring costs and limited access were not bad enough, this book examines yet another problem plaguing the system: Medicaid fraud. The authors present horrifying stories. A psychiatrist billed Medicaid for 4800 hours in one year, or for almost 24 hours each workday. Other physicians billed for seeing patients who were dead. Some charged for abortions on women who were not pregnant or who even had previously undergone hysterectomy. One physician billed Medicaid for treating a 22-year-old college football player for diaper rash. The infamous inner-city "Medicaid mills" provide a venue for physicians to charge for seeing literally hundreds of patients a day while dispensing little or no care in exchange for their Medicaid fees. The authors report that fraud is thought to account for 10% to 25% of total
INCREASING GENERAL MENTAL HEALTH OF REHABILITATION CENTER EMPLOYEES BY LIFE SKILLS TRAINING

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Life Skills Training (LST) program on general mental health of Parastoo rehabilitation center employees. The sample was comprised of 24 employees who were selected based on the higher scores that they gained in pre-test that indicating of pathological symptoms and assigned randomly in two (12 experimental and 12 control) groups. The design of pretest-posttest with control group was employed. Participants answered to General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 28 items) before and after they received the LST program that held on 12 sessions of two and half hours. The results showed that there was a significant effectiveness of LST program on increasing general mental health of employees. Implications of LST program and guidelines for further researches proposed.
Bone marrow failure synd romes and refractory cytopenia of childhood

markdownabstract__Abstract__ Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is sustained through hematopoietic stem cells, which are self-renewing cells that reside in the bone marrow, and that are capable of producing daughter cells that proliferate and mature to provide all adult blood effector cells, including erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and thrombocytes or platelets. Erythrocytes are the most numerous cell types in the blood, and have as main task to transport oxygen through the lungs to peripheral tissues; leukocytes are responsible for elimination of bacteria and viruses, and thrombocytes for blood clotting. Hematopoiesis can be subdivided into myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Myelopoiesis comprises the generation of granulocytes, monocytes, mast cells, mega- karyocytes (the precursors of thrombocytes), and erythrocytes. Lymphopoiesis encompasses the generation of B cells, T cells, and NK cells; collectively referred to as lymphocytes. Although recent insights suggest that cell fate determination during hematopoiesis is more plastic than previously thought, the classic, hierarchical model of determination of hematopoietic cell lineages is depicted in Figure 1 (adapted from Orkin and Zon.
Port site complications following laparoscopic surgeries: a prospective study

Background: Port site complications are bothersome complications which undermine the benefits of minimal invasive surgery, not only does it add to the morbidity of the patient but also spoil the reputation of the surgeon. Aims and objective of the study was to determine the morbidity associated with the port site complications in laparoscopic surgery and to identify risk factors for complications. Methods: Three hundred patients having age between 15-50 years admitted for elective laparoscopic procedure were studied. All the patients had preoperative workup and general anaesthesia was given with endotracheal intubation. The patients were observed for any port-site complication during operation and in the immediate and postoperative till three months. Results: Female preponderance (77.34%) was observed with maximum patients belonging to age group of 41-50 years (31.7%). Majority of the patients were in the BMI range of 18.5-25kg/m (53.33%). In 54.66% and45.33% patients Verres needle and Hasson’s (Open) method was used to create pneumoperitoneum. Cholecystectomy was the indication in 80% patients. Port site morbidity was observed in 8.67% patients. As an early port site complication, bleeding, surgical site infection, emphysema and visceral injury was observed in 6, 8, 4 and 1 patient respectively. As a late port site complication, 4 and 3 patients developed hernia and hypertrophic scar respectively. Conclusions: Port site complications are least in elective laparoscopic surgery.
Machine Learning Approaches to Rhetorical Parsing and Open-Domain Text Summarization

The present thesis primarily concerns the use of machine learning for rhetorical parsing and open-domain text summarization. Chapter 1 sets a general backdrop on text summarization and its subfield, rhetorical parsing, and defines the area of investigation. Chapters 2 through 9 form the core of the thesis, developing each theme in great depth, for which we will give a brief overview below. (Throughout the thesis, we talk about extractive summarization, meaning that we create a summary by putting together bits and pieces, usually, sentences extracted from text.) In chapters 2 through 5, we motivate and develop a novel approach to rhetorical parsing based on the decision tree (DT) learning, which one could adapt for any genre and language given a training corpus. (Unless stated otherwise, DT here and below means Quinlan’s C4.5 with default settings.) An important goal of rhetorical parsing is to recover rhetorical structure of text for potential use with text summarization. Performance of our approach is evaluated using an hand-annotated corpus of Japanese newspaper articles. Also some problems with annotating with rhetorical information such as the variability of human judgments on labeling are noted and discussed. In addition some refinements are made on the DT learning itself by appeal to the minimum description length principle (MDL) and active learning. Evaluation is done using the same data as above. We also look into how a DT harnessed with MDL (DT/MDL), compares in performance with AdaBoosted DT. Due to poor results with the linguistically motivated paradigm that previous chapters represent, we turn an eye on non-linguistic approaches to summarization. Chapter 6 explores an unsupervised paradigm for text summarization. We develop there what we call the diversity based summarization or DBS, which consists in the K-means clustering (again extended with MDL) and a simple sentence ranking scheme. A new evaluative scheme for summarization (which we call the information-centric approach to evaluation of summaries, or ICE) is also proposed with an eye to providing an objective assessment
Review of measurement instruments in research ethics in the biomedical sciences, 2008−2012

There is an urgent need in biomedical science to understand whether regulations are being met, prerequisite to goals of subject protection and integrity in research practice. This article presents an update of a 2006 summary of measurement instruments in research ethics with psychometric information in the years 2008−2012. A review of 25 instruments identified seven used in the time period 2008−2012 and which had accumulated at least one study of its psychometric qualities beyond its developmental phase. Many of these instruments had been accumulating psychometric information over more than a decade. Two additional but still underdeveloped instruments addressing important bioethical issues − coercion and therapeutic misconception − are included because they address important issues in research ethics. Bioethicists use a wide range of methods for knowledge development and verification; each method should meet stringent standards of quality. Measurement instruments that meet these standards have the potential to greatly ease the work of institutional review boards and other regulatory bodies as well as to enhance empirical work on human research ethics.
The Effects of Smoking Cessation Clinics in the Korean Armed Forces: Application of the Transtheoretical Model and Life Skill Approaches

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation clinics for soldiers in the Korean armed forces. In so doing it attempted to identify the predictors of smoking cessation and positive transition of stages of change. Methods: In a single-group pre-post test study design, 5,362 smokers from Korean armed forces participated in the smoking cessation clinic programs based on both the Transtheoretical model and life skills approaches. Changes in stages of change and related variables were measured before the intervention and at 3-month follow-up after the intervention. Results: The cessation rates was 66.0% at 3-month follow-up. With the positive transition to action/maintain stage, proportion of participants in action/maintain stage increased more than 5 times after the intervention. Cons of smoking, self-efficacy, processes of change, and life skills increased, and pros of smoking decreased after the intervention. Predictors of smoking cessation included nicotine dependency, pros of smoking, high levels of self-efficacy, processes of change and life skills. Positive stage transition was predicted by pros of smoking and high self-efficacy. Conclusions: Application of the Transtheoretical model and life skills approaches provided useful strategies for a smoking cessation program in armed forces.
A variable rate communicate method for self-differential coherent DPSK

This paper proposes a new method for variable rate DPSK in the satellite-to-ground laser communication. Compared to the general method, this method doesn’t need to change the original communication rate, reduces the complexity of the system. In theory, SNR can improve above 3 dB when rate into half. We construct a simplified experimental apparatus to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental devices and results are presented. Offline processing results are very similar to theory, is superior to the traditional means. The further study about doppler effect and clock synchronization is being conducted.
Evaluation of Serum Magnesium Level in Preeclampsia

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2017; 10(1): 10-15 Introduction Preeclampsia is an idiopathic multisystem disorder specific to human pregnancy1. It is defined as the onset of hypertension and the presence of proteinuria during pregnancy, usually occurring after the 20th week of gestation in a previously normotensive woman and resolving completely by the sixth week after delivery of fetus2. Preeclampsia is a transient but potentially dangerous complication of pregnancy. Generally, the incidence of preeclampsia is in the range of 4-8% of all pregnancies3. The incidence of preeclampsia has fallen in developed countries due to improved antenatal care, but it's incidence is still high in the developing countries4, and preeclampsia accounts for about 20-80% of the maternal mortality in developing countries5. Preeclampsia and eclampsia cause about 16 % of maternal death in Bangladesh4. Despite of preeclampsia's prevalence and severity, the pathophysiology of this multisystem disorder is still poorly understood and it's etiology has not yet been fully elucidated. Environmental and nutritional factors may play a role in the development of preeclampsia6. The epidemiology of preeclampsia, being more common in poor women, long ago suggested that nutrients might be involved in the disorder7. It is Preeclampsia is the most common medical complication of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Reduced serum magnesium level is found to be associated with elevated blood pressure in preeclampsia. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the serum magnesium level in preeclamptic women. For this study 50 preeclamptic patients, with age range 20 to 40 years having gestational age range from 20 to 40 weeks and 50 age and gestational age matched normotensive pregnant women having no proteinuria were enrolled. Serum magnesium was measured by colorimetric method. The mean(±SD) age and mean(±SD) gestational age of preeclampsia was not significantly different from those of normotensive pregnant women (p=0.203 and p=0.251 respectively). The mean(±SD) body mass index of the preeclamptic patients was significantly higher compared to that of normotensive pregnant women (p<0.001). The mean(±SD) serum magnesium level was 3.37±2.05 mg/dl in preeclamptic group and 2.87±1.38 mg/dl in normal pregnant women; the level did not differ significantly between the subject of preeclampsia and normal pregnant women (p=0.153). Findings of this study suggest that serum magnesium has no association with preeclampsia.
Environmental impact of some chemical pollutants on Lake Manzala

Environmental pollution problems in Lake Manzala and its main drains evaluated by measuring the levels of some chemical pollutants in terms of organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum hydrocarbons and some trace metals in fish and sediment samples. Lindane, HCB, DDT and its metabolites were detected in all fish samples. The highest concentration of DDTs was 101.45 ng/g wet weight. PCBs as Aroclor 1254 were found in the range between 3.58 and 43.38 ng/g wet weight. Results of this study demonstrated that fish samples collected from Lake Manzala are contaminated with low levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons, the percentage of FAO/WHO acceptable daily intake (ADI) is below 1% and that public is not at risk from fish consumption, even if totally dependent upon fish as a protein source. Petroleum hydrocarbons and some trace metals (TMs) were detected in Clarius angullaris (catfish), Tilapia (bolta) and A. angilla (eelfish) species. The total hydrocarbons concentration ranged between 15.6.
Efficacy of cabozantinib (C) vs everolimus (E) in patients (pts) with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and bone metastases (mets) from the phase III METEOR study.

4558Background: In pts with metastatic RCC, bone mets are prognostic for poor outcomes and represent an unmet medical need. The Phase 3 METEOR trial (NCT01865747) assessed the efficacy and safety of C vs E in pts with RCC and ≥1 prior VEGFR TKI. The trial met its primary endpoint of improving progression-free survival (PFS; HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45–0.75; P<0.001) (Choueiri NEJM 2015). As C has shown clinical activity in bone mets in prostate cancer pts (Smith JCO 33 2015 abs 139), we evaluated clinical outcomes in RCC pts with bone mets in METEOR. Methods: 658 pts were randomized (stratified by MSKCC risk group and number of prior VEGFR TKIs) 1:1 to receive C (60 mg qd) or E (10 mg qd). Clinical outcome measures included PFS, ORR, overall survival (OS), and safety. Exploratory endpoints included bone scan response (BSR) in pts with bone scan lesions at baseline (Brown Nucl Med Commun 2012 33:384), incidence of skeletal-related events (SRE), and changes in bone turnover markers. Results: 142 pts had bone mets .
Interação medicamentosa no serviço de emergência

OBJECTIVE: To identify the occurrence of potential drug interactions in prescriptions for adult patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Hospital Sao Paulo. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study. Its sample consisted of 200 medical prescriptions. The analysis of drug interactions was performed using the Drugs.com database, where they are classified according to severity of interaction as severe, moderate, mild and without interaction. RESULTS: The number of drugs in prescriptions ranged from 2 to 19, and the average per prescription was 4.97 drugs. A total of 526 potential drug interactions were identified in 159 prescriptions (79.5%); in that, 109 were severe, 354 moderate, 63 mild interactions, and 41 showed no interaction. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated potential drug interactions in 79.5% of prescriptions examined in the Emergency Department. Drug interactions can occur at any time when using medications and, during this working process, the nursing staff is involved in several steps. Therefore, training the nursing staff for the rational use of drugs can increase safety of care delivered to patients.
Role of technetium scan in diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism

Background: With advent of screening new born population the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism dropped to 1:3000 to 1:4000. We have aimed to show the importance of doing technetium scan to find out exact etiology of congenital hypothyroidism. It helps in proper treatment and explaining the long-term prognosis. However, many centres in India do not have facilities for nuclear study. Methods: Study comprised of 30 children, the results of thyroid function test (TFT) were analysed, ultrasound neck was done to detect the presence or absence of thyroid gland in the neck and technetium scan was done in the department of nuclear medicine. Based on the images its classified as agenesis, ectopic or decreased uptake. The results of TFT, Ultrasound neck, technetium scan was analysed using statistical software. Results: Correlation of thyroid profile with technetium scans, T3 was decreased in 61.5% cases of ectopic thyroid, 100% cases of thyroid agenesis and 83.3% cases of decreased uptake. T4 was decreased in 92.3% cases of ectopic thyroid, 80% cases of thyroid agenesis and 75% of decreased uptake. Whereas TSH increased in all the cases with abnormal Technetium scan results. Correlation of ultrasound neck with technetium scans revealed, of the nonvisualised thyroid gland by ultrasound, 13 were ectopic, 5 agenesis and 5decreased uptake. of the visualized thyroid gland, all the 07 showed decreased uptake. Conclusions: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most serious condition needs to be diagnosed as early as in the newborn period.
Person Centred Counselling In A Nutshell

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Real and perceived problems in timely initiation of breastfeeding in a baby friendly hospital.

Research Question: What are the real and perceived problems in early initiation of breastfeeding in this region? Setting: Postnatal ward of a Medical College Hospital in South India. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional. Participants: 200 mother infant pairs healthy singleton term neonates and their mothers. Methodology: Pre-tested questionnaire results analyzed using Chi--square and Fisher’s Exact test. Results: There was a gap between knowledge and practice in timely initiation of breastfeeding. Upper socio-economic class mothers and those with more years of schooling has significantly better knowledge regarding early initiation. Cesarean section (LSCS) delivery was a barrier both in maternal perception and in practice for timely initiation. However all mothers were exclusively breastfeeding their babies at the time of hospital discharge. Rates of prelacteal feeding were low in this study.