Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BTF Compound Texture Model with Non- Parametric Control Field

This paper introduces a novel multidimensional statistical model for realistic modeling, enlargement, editing, and compression of the recent state-of-the-art bidirectional texture function (BTF) textural representation. The presented multispectral compound Markov random field model (CMRF) efficiently fuses a non-parametric random field model with several parametric random fields models. The primary purpose of our modeling texture approach is to reproduce, compress, and enlarge a given measured natural or artificial texture image so that ideally both natural and synthetic texture will be visually indiscernible for any observation or illumination directions. However, the model can be easily applied for BFT material texture editing as well. The CMRF model consists of several parametric sub-models each having different characteristics along with an underlying switching structure model which controls transitions between these sub models. The proposed model uses the non-parametric random field for distributing local texture models in the form of analytically solvable wide-sense BTF Markov representation for single regions among the fields of a mosaic approximated by the random field structure model. The non-parametric control field of BTF -CMRF is reiteratively generated to guarantee identical region-size histograms for all material sub-classes present in the target example texture. The local texture regions (not necessarily continuous) are represented by analytical BTF models modeled by the adaptive 3D causal auto-regressive (3DCAR) random field model which can be analytically estimated as well as synthesized. The visual quality of the resulting complex synthetic textures generally surpasses the outputs of the previously published simpler non-compound BTF -MRF models. The model allows reaching huge compression ratio incomparable with any standard image compression method.
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: final data release and the metallicity of UV-luminous galaxies

The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey measured the redshifts of over 200 000 ultraviolet (UV)- selected (NUV < 22.8 mag) galaxies on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The survey detected the baryon acoustic oscillation signal in the large-scale distribution of galaxies over the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1.0, confirming the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe and measuring the rate of structure growth within it. Here, we present the final data release of the survey: a catalogue of 225 415 galaxies and individual files of the galaxy spectra. We analyse the emission-line properties of these UV-luminous Lyman-break galaxies by stacking the spectra in bins of luminosity, redshift, and stellar mass. The most luminous (-25 mag < M < -22 mag) galaxies have very broad Hβ emission from active nuclei, as well as a broad second component to the [OIII] (495.9 nm, 500.7 nm) doublet lines that is blueshifted by 100 km s, indicating the presence of gas outflows in these galaxies. The composite spectra allow us to detect and measure the temperature-sensitive [O III] (436.3 nm) line and obtain metallicities using the direct method. The metallicities of intermediate stellar mass (8.8 < log (M*/M⊙) < 10)WiggleZ galaxies are consistent with normal emission-line galaxies at the samemasses. In contrast, the metallicities of high stellarmass (10 < log (M*/M⊙) < 12) WiggleZ galaxies are significantly lower than for normal emission-line galaxies at the same masses. This is not an effect of evolution as the metallicities do not vary with redshift; it is most likely a property specific to the extremely UV-luminous WiggleZ galaxies.
A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini

Remains of a new titanosaur, Aeolosaurus maximus sp. nov., from the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Bauru Group, Sao Paulo State of Brazil are described. The new species is represented by a single partially articulated skeleton and is characterized by having a well-developed posterior protuberance below the articular area on the anterior and middle haemal arches and a lateral bulge on the distal portion of the articular process of the mid-posterior haemal arches. It shares with other Aeolosaurus species the presence of prezygapophyses curved downward on anterior caudal vertebrae and haemal arches with double articular facets set in a concave posterodorsal surface. These two characteristics are interpreted here as synapomorphies for the genus Aeolosaurus. The new diagnosis for the genus Aeolosaurus does not support the inclusion of Gondwanatitan within Aeolosaurus as previously proposed by some authors. The phylogenetic analysis recovered the two Aeolosaurus from Argentina as sister groups with A. maximus and Gondwanatitan as progressively more basal taxa (Gondwanatitan (A. maximus (A. rionegrinus, A. colhuehuapensis))). Additionally, according to the results of the phylogenetic analysis performed in this work, the taxa Panamericansaurus, Rinconsaurus, and Maxakalisaurus are also nested within Aeolosaurini, being more basal than Aeolosaurus and Gondwanatitan. On the basis of the stratigraph-ical range of the Aeolosaurus occurrences in Argentina and the age proposals based on microfossils for the Bauru Group, it is assumed a Campanian–Maastrichtian age for the top of the Adamantina Formation for the Monte Alto region in Sao Paulo State and the bottom of the Marilia Formation in Peiropolis, Minas Gerais State—the places where Aeolosaurus remains have been reported in Brazil.
Brexit and foreign investment in the UK

We explore the likely effect of Brexit on inward foreign direct investment (FDI) through its possible effect on the benchmark variables that characterize the macroeconomy. For this we propose the use of a Markov regime switching structural vector auto‐regression to distinguish between the volatile and stable states of the economy and account, among other effects, for the contemporaneous effects that the frequency of FDI innately generates. Our findings suggest that, if Brexit triggers a sterling depreciation in the current economic climate, this will fuel a prolonged negative effect on FDI. FDI flows may be positively affected (at most) by a sterling depreciation after Brexit only if this event drives the UK economy to a period of highly volatile growth, inflation, interest and exchange rates: a scenario that is rather unlikely. And, even then, the sterling depreciation benefits would last for only a short period of time.
Investigation of the 2nd Generation of Intact Stability Criteria for Ships Vulnerable to Parametric Rolling in Following Seas

The existing IMO intact stability criteria (IS-Code 2008) do not generally provide sufficient safety against dynamic stability failures such as parametric rolling for modern ships. Therefore, new stability criteria have been developed by IMO / SLF. These so-called Second Generation Stability Criteria shall ensure sufficient dynamic stability. The criteria are structured in a three level approach, where the first level consists of quite simple formulae. If a ship does not pass the first level, it is assumed that the ship is vulnerable to the phenomenon addressed, and the second level of criteria shall then be applied. This level consists of computations which are a little more complex, but they still treat the problems addressed in a strongly simplified manner. If now the ship does not pass the second level, a third level shall be applied to ensure that the ship can be designed and operated safely. This third level consists of direct calculation methods which shall be applied, however no criteria or procedures have yet been developed for this third level. We have applied the level 1 and level 2 criteria to a reference ship where a direct stability assessment has been performed during the design. The results showed extremely large scatter in the required GM-values of the criteria, and none of the criteria showed GM values roughly comparable to the direct assessment. The paper shows why the application of the criteria is challenging for the design of RoRo-ships and why a third level (direct assessment) is urgently required before the first two levels are put into force. Some conclusions are also drawn for the possible treatment of the new criteria in a stability booklet.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Two new Rhodocybe species (sect. Rufobrunnea , Entolomataceae)from the East Black Sea coast of Turkey

Two new species of Rhodocybe, R. asanii and R. asyae (Entolomataceae), are described and illustrated from the East Black Sea coast of Turkey. The new species are known from two different localities in Trabzon Province. Diagnostic morphological and molecular (nrITS and nrLSU sequences) characters between the new species and their allies are compared and discussed. Rhodocybe asanii is easily distinguished from related species by its small, reddish beige, convex to plate, or irregular, fragile pileus; adnexed to sinuate lamellae; a pruinose stipe; small basidiospores; and unique sequences. Rhodocybe asyae is recognized well by a rather small, thin, salmon pink, smooth, dish or slightly cup-shaped pileus; decurrent lamellae; a small, pruinose stipe; and different sequences from R. asanii and allied taxa. Some notes on the ecology of the newly described species, a key to the thus far known Turkish Rhodocybe taxa, and phylogenetic trees are provided.
3D FinFET for Next Generation Nano Devices

Miniaturization has been a constant challenge to meet the demands of high performance, high density, low power and low voltage complex devices. Miniaturization is the main driving force for the migration from micro electronic device structures to Nano electronic device structures. Planar CMOS scaling has been delivering better performance & low power devices at each cutting edge of the technology node for more than three decades. Now, CMOS scaling is facing crucial limitations and some show stoppers are affecting bulk CMOS scaling. So, semiconductor industry is witnessing the phase-out of Planar CMOS with the introduction of new device architecture like 3D FinFET technology for extending the Moore's Law for Nanoscale technologies. This paper discusses the evolution of Planar CMOS technology, CMOS scaling challenges, Planar CMOS optimization technologies & the next generation Nano architectures in order to extend the scaling beyond planar CMOS. FinFET is emerging technology beyond 22nm. This paper studies FinFET architecture, advantages and manufacturing challenges associated with it. It also throws light on future technologies like Carbon nanotube, Silicon Nanowire FET and Tunneling FET etc.
CodEX: Source Code Plagiarism Detection Based on Abstract Syntax Tree

CodEX is a source code search engine that allows users to search a repository of source code snippets using source code snippets as the query also. A potential use for such a search engine is to help educators identify cases of plagiarism in students’ programming assignments. This paper evaluates CodEX in this context. Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) are used to represent source code ﬁles on an abstract level. This, combined with node hashing and similarity calculations, allows users to search for source code snippets that match suspected plagiarism cases. A number of commonly-employed techniques to avoid plagiarism detection are identiﬁed, and the CodEX system is evaluated for its ability to detect plagiarism cases even when these techniques are employed. Evaluation results are promising, with 95% of test cases being identiﬁed successfully.
Fine-scale biophysical interactions drive prey availability at a migratory stopover site for Phalaropus spp. in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

We examined the role of biophysical interactions in structuring the foraging habitat of phalaropes Phalaropus spp. at an important migratory stopover site in the Bay of Fundy. We sampled both biological and physical aspects of the environment and integrated these observa- tions into generalized additive models (GAMs). Strong tidal currents interact with steep bathy- metric gradients at the Brier Island ledges to enhance vertical mixing, creating dense surface aggregations of Calanus finmarchicus copepods at fine temporal and spatial scales. The resulting spatial variation in copepod density in near-surface waters creates a highly heterogeneous foraging environment for phalaropes, which are obligate surface feeders. Models of phalarope abundance over the ledges suggested that phalaropes forage on upwelled zooplankton aggrega- tions as they drifted downstream. Our results highlight the importance of considering underlying physical processes when assessing hotspots of prey aggregations for marine species, particularly within highly dynamic systems such as the Bay of Fundy. This is particularly relevant to consider- ations of the conservation status of red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus, which have aban- doned a long-time migratory stopover area previously used by more than one million birds during the mid-1980s.
Isolation and some properties of an iridovirus-like agent from white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus

An iridovirus-like agent (WSIV) associated with fatal infections of the integument of juvenile white sturgeon Acipenser transrnontanus was isolated from fish that exhibited gross and microscopic signs of the disease. The virus induced cell enlargement and slowly progressive degeneration of a recently established cell line from white sturgeon spleen (WSS-2). Virus replication occurred at 10, 15 and 20 OC but not at 5 or 25 OC. The most rapid growth occurred initially at 20 OC but the greatest concentrations (106 TCIDSO ml-') of cell-free virus were detected at 10 and 15 "C. Numerous virions were observed in the cytoplasn~ of infected WSS-2 cells and ca 70 % of the infectious virus remains cellassociated. Virions possessed an external capsid with an envelope of 260 to 280 nm in diameter that surrounded an inner capsid with a dense nucleoid. Residual viral infectivity (ca 1 %) was found following incubation of the virus at a temperature of 56 "C for 30 min. The WSIV genome is presumably DNA since 50 pg ml-' 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine completely inhibited viral replication in the WSS-2 line. Virulence for juvenile sturgeon of virus grown in WSS-2 cells was demonstrated by induction of fatal infections (80 % cumulative mortality) following bath exposures to the virus at concentrations of ca 103 TCIDSO g-' fish for 30 min. There were no mortalities among lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, striped bass Morone saxatilis or channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus following bath exposures to the same concentrations of vir.us (TCID50 g-'1 but the agent was recovered from lake sturgeon examined at 1 and 2 wk post-exposure. Microscopic signs of experimentally-induced infections included: presence of large amphophilic to deeply basophilic cells; epithelia1 hyperplasia and degeneration; necrosis in the integument and gill epithelium of white surgeon. Lake sturgeon examined at 1 and 2 wk postinfection demonstrated a similar response, although the cellular hypertrophy was not prom~nent compared to that observed in white sturgeon.
Dynamic Markets – Dynamic Relationships: The Example of Grain Marketing in Germany

Grain markets in Germany, as in the rest of the world, are becoming more and more volatile. At the same time, the consolidation process on the level of the first hand, buying the grain from farmers, is moving forward in a strong pace, leaving farmers with less local alternatives to sell their grain. This paper addresses the question of what these developments mean for farmers’ grain marketing decisions and for their relationships with local marketing partners.
Geographic diversification in the call repertoire of the genus Pyrrhocorax (Aves, Corvidae)

We analysed the call repertoires of the Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and the Alpine Chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus) across three continents (Europe, Asia, and Africa) for intraspecific and interspecific differences in call-repertoire size and discuss the factors that could have promoted its evolution. The overall call reper - toire of the Red-billed Chough was twice as large as that of the Alpine Chough, but the number of calls recorded in each population did not differ significantly between the two species. The greater fragmentation of the range of the Red- billed Chough possibly induced its remarkable call-repertoire diversification. Some populations (i.e., those from Ethio - pia, Central Asia, Canaries) had a peculiar call repertoire that overlapped very little with those from other regions; con - sequently, the overall numbers of call types within the species were heavily influenced by these unusual populations and were very large. The call-repertoire size and call-repertoire similarity of populations of both species were affected and constrained by geographic distance. More closely situated or continental populations tended to have a more similar pool of calls (this is probably due to mingling among close populations). Resume : Nous avons analyse le repertoire des cris chez le Crave a bec rouge (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax )e t le Cho- card a bec jaune (Pyrrhocorax graculus) sur trois continents (Europe, Asie et Afrique) par estimation des differences intraspecifiques et interspecifiques dans l'importance du repertoire des cris et par examen des facteurs qui peuvent avoir favorise son evolution. Dans l'ensemble, le repertoire des cris du Crave a bec rouge est deux fois plus important que celui du Chocard a bec jaune, mais le nombre de cris enregistres chez chacune des populations ne differe pas significa- tivement chez les deux especes. La fragmentation plus importante de l'aire de repartition du Crave a bec rouge est sans doute responsable de la diversification remarquable de son repertoire. Certaines populations (i.e., celles de l'Ethiopie, de l'Asie centrale et des iles Canaries) ont des repertoires bizarres avec tres peu de chevauchement avec des oiseaux d'autres regions; en consequence, le nombre global de types de cris au sein de l'espece est fortement influence par ces populations particulieres et est donc tres eleve. L'importance du repertoire et la similarite du repertoire chez les popula- tions des deux especes sont affectees et restreintes par la distance geographique. Les populations proches les unes des autres ou les populations continentales ont tendance a avoir un repertoire plus semblable (probablement a cause des melanges entre populations rapprochees). (Traduit par la Redaction) 1576
Individual Investors Repurchasing Behavior: Preference for Stocks Previously Owned

In this paper we study the repurchasing behavior of individual investors and identify several characteristics (stock- and investor-specific) that affect the preference for repurchasing stocks previously owned. Using a unique database of 5,128 individual investors trading from August 1st, 2003 to July 31st, 2007, we find that investors prefer to repurchase stocks that are prior winners and those that dropped in price after being sold, in line with Strahilevitz, Odean and Barber (2011). We also find that the larger the prior gain, or the drop in stock price after the sell, the more likely is the investor to repurchase the same stock. Additionally, we find that (1) local stocks with negative market adjusted performance are more likely to be repurchased, and (2) less active, under-diversified, and poor performance investors are more likely to engage in such behavior. Overall, our results indicate that reference prices, prior stock returns, stock visibility, and investor performance and sophistication are determinants of the repurchasing behavior.
Hoar crystal development and disappearance at Dome C, Antarctica: observation by near-infrared photography and passive microwave satellite

Abstract. Hoar crystals episodically cover the snow surface in Antarctica and affect the roughness and reflective properties of the air–snow interface. However, little is known about their evolution and the processes responsible for their development and disappearance despite a probable influence on the surface mass balance and energy budget. To investigate hoar evolution, we use continuous observations of the surface by in situ near-infrared photography and by passive microwave remote sensing at Dome C in Antarctica. From the photography data, we retrieved a daily indicator of the presence/absence of hoar crystals using a texture analysis algorithm. The analysis of this 2 yr long time series shows that Dome C surface is covered almost half of the time by hoar. The development of hoar crystals takes a few days and seems to occur whatever the meteorological conditions. In contrast, the disappearance of hoar is rapid (a few hours) and coincident with either strong winds or with moderate winds associated with a change in wind direction from southwest (the prevailing direction) to southeast. From the microwave satellite data, we computed the polarisation ratio (i.e. horizontal over vertical polarised brightness temperatures), an indicator known to be sensitive to hoar in Greenland. Photography data and microwave polarisation ratio are correlated, i.e. high values of polarisation ratio which theoretically correspond to low snow density values near the surface are associated with the presence of hoar crystals in the photography data. Satellite data over nearly ten years (2002–2011) confirm that a strong decrease of the polarisation ratio (i.e. signature of hoar disappearance) is associated with an increase of wind speed or a change in wind direction from the prevailing direction. The photography data provides, in addition, evidence of interactions between hoar and snowfall. Further adding the combined influence of wind speed and wind direction results in a complex picture of the snow–atmosphere interactions in Antarctica which deserves further quantification and modelling.
Is IPOs Trading Enhanced with the Advent of Automated Trading System? A Look at the Efficient Market Hypothesis

We examine and model the performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) with the advent of the Automated Trading System (ATS) on the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) of Fama (1970) and observe that the system of price determination and encoding such information to existing and potential investors for IPOs has significantly improved with related efficiency as most of the IPOs issued during the period after the introduction of the ATS have significantly attracted more investor demand and commendable pricing mechanism as a result of easy and quick access to information sharing. This could mean that information asymmetry has drastically reduced since they are electronically generated to produce the stock prices within a very limited period of time. But until now, prices of IPOs in most cases do not fully reflect available information as the EMH suggests and does not fulfil the Random Walk Hypothesis (Kendall, 1953, RWH) as a requirement for weak form of market efficiency. However, despite the ATS’s immense contributions, the rate of price swings and inability to fully reflect available information still remains an apparition to the market participants so that prices are either overpriced or underpriced. We use the stability, stationary, and normality diagnostic tests together with the EGARCH and TGARCH to define the trend of the prices. The result is not consistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis of Fama (1970). Data on each IPO daily prices were obtained from the trading statistics of Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) consisting of 231 IPO stocks traded between the years 2000 to 2012 consisting of 35,979 monthly observations; these prices are those of IPOs trading after the introduction of the ATS in 1997. The outcome clearly shows that the prices are not normally distributed and are significantly auto-correlated. This result does not support the RWH to satisfy for the weak market efficiency.