Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Not so different after all: properties and spatial structure of column density peaks in the pipe and Orion A clouds

We present a comparative study of the physical properties and the spatial distribution of column density peaks in two giant molecular clouds (GMCs), the Pipe Nebula and Orion A, which exemplify opposite cases of star cluster formation stages. The density peaks were extracted from dust extinction maps constructed from Herschel/SPIRE far-infrared images. We compare the distribution functions for dust temperature, mass, equivalent radius, and mean volume density of peaks in both clouds, and made a more fair comparison by isolating the less active Tail region in Orion A and by convolving the Pipe Nebula map to simulate placing it at a distance similar to that of the Orion Complex. The peak mass distributions for Orion A, the Tail, and the convolved Pipe have similar ranges, sharing a maximum near 5 M⊙ and a similar power-law drop above 10 M⊙. Despite the clearly distinct evolutive stage of the clouds, there are very important similarities in the physical and spatial distribution properties of the column density peaks, pointing to a scenario where they form as a result of uniform fragmentation of filamentary structures across the various scales of the cloud, with density being the parameter leading the fragmentation, and with clustering being a direct result of thermal fragmentation at different spatial scales. Our work strongly supports the idea that the formation of clusters in GMC could be the result of the primordial organization of pre-stellar material.
Auditing radicalization pathways on YouTube

Non-profits, as well as the media, have hypothesized the existence of a radicalization pipeline on YouTube, claiming that users systematically progress towards more extreme content on the platform. Yet, there is to date no substantial quantitative evidence of this alleged pipeline. To close this gap, we conduct a large-scale audit of user radicalization on YouTube. We analyze 330,925 videos posted on 349 channels, which we broadly classified into four types: Media, the Alt-lite, the Intellectual Dark Web (I.D.W.), and the Alt-right. According to the aforementioned radicalization hypothesis, channels in the I.D. W. and the Alt-lite serve as gateways to fringe far-right ideology, here represented by Alt-right channels. Processing 72M+ comments, we show that the three channel types indeed increasingly share the same user base; that users consistently migrate from milder to more extreme content; and that a large percentage of users who consume Alt-right content now consumed Alt-lite and I.D. W. content in the past. We also probe YouTube's recommendation algorithm, looking at more than 2M video and channel recommendations between May/July 2019. We find that Alt-lite content is easily reachable from I.D. W. channels, while Alt-right videos are reachable only through channel recommendations. Overall, we paint a comprehensive picture of user radicalization on YouTube.
Covariates of Currently Married Women's Employment in Nepal: A Regional Analysis

This paper studies regional differences in currently married women’s employment status, its nature and some of the covariates in Nepal, with special focus to their education and economic status by analysing data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. Women’s employment, with substantial regional variation in the three ecological regions, is predominately unpaid, done mainly for family members, mostly in agriculture sector and women work throughout the year. Women are employed mainly in family farm and their job is unpaid. Higher education of women is positively associated with their involvement in paid jobs. Women of better wealth strata are less likely to be employed but if employed, they are more likely to be in paid jobs. Increasing education of women may have mixed effect in future. Policy measures are desirable to minimize these regional differences and to reallocate the total labour force in general and the female labour force in particular in more productive sectors with secured paid jobs for women for prosperity of the country.
Privacy-enabled displays

In this work we have presented a brief insight into the capabilities of multilayer displays as to selectively display information in relation to the observers. We labeled the views of a light-field as blocked and non-blocked, and then a predefined text was assigned accordingly, modifying it to achieve a privacy criterion in the blocked case. Two ways to define the private views were presented. An evaluation of the output for both techniques was carried over in simulation, in both the spatial and frequency domain. Results showed that privacy was achievable and that each technique had an optimal operation point when taking into account the time-multiplexing capabilities of the multilayer display. Also, a trade-off between the quality of the blocked and non-blocked views was found.
Lost in the Process? The impact of devolution on abortion law in the United Kingdom

Using the case study of abortion policy across the United Kingdom, this article takes a feminist institutionalist approach to advance our understanding of state architecture and party competition within decentralised political systems. Despite increasing divergences across the United Kingdom in relation to abortion policy, contemporary debates around abortion access have rarely become politicised. Moreover, as this article demonstrates, when they have, the subject has been framed by politicians as a constitutional matter, relating to legislative competencies, rather than considered in terms of women’s rights. This framing, we argue, is linked to the specific constitutional arrangements of the post-devolution UK and the political strategies of the parties operating within them. Drawing upon parliamentary debates and interviews with political representatives to map the circumstances driving changes to abortion policy in the United Kingdom, this article introduces important comparative lessons for other cases of political decentralisation on the discussions and policies concerning women’s rights.
Midlatitude Temperature Variations in the Oligocene to Early Miocene

Antarctic ice sheet margin extent and the sensitivity of benthic δ18O to orbital forcing have varied on million‐year timescales during the Oligocene to Early Miocene. However, few sea surface temperature (SST) records for this time interval exist to evaluate links between polar processes and mean temperature outside polar regions. Here, we present a new record of SST for the time interval 30 to 17 Ma derived from the long‐chain alkenone unsaturation ratio ( U37k′ ) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 1406A in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Results confirm that warm temperatures from 24°C to over 30°C prevailed in midlatitudes in this time and suggest a transition from colder early‐middle Oligocene to warmer average conditions after 24.5 Ma. The global significance of this transition is highlighted by the coincidence with changes in the dominance from marine‐ to terrestrial‐terminating ice sheets in the Ross Sea around Antarctica. The longest continuous section of the record (20.6 to 26.6 Ma) contains multiple 2 million‐year cycles in SST, potentially paced by long obliquity modulation. Complex and temporally varying relationships are observed between North Atlantic SST and benthic δ18O in paired samples; significant covariation is only observed around the Oligocene‐Miocene transition, coincident with a lower average marine ice extent. These North Atlantic U37k′ temperature records provide a new context in which to examine the stability of climate and the Antarctic ice sheet during the Oligocene and early Miocene.
Back to Normal: Direct Evidence of the Cretan Detachment as a North‐Directed Normal Fault During the Miocene

The Cretan Detachment represents a major tectonic contact between an Alpine high‐pressure Lower Nappe System in the footwall and an Alpine unmetamorphosed Upper Nappe System in the hanging wall. Interestingly, the kinematics and the tectonic nature of this contact is still highly controversial and has been interpreted either as a top‐to‐the S thrust or as a normal fault with top‐to‐the N and/or top‐to‐the S displacement sense. Whereas some models suggest exhumation of the high‐pressure rocks synchronous with out‐of‐sequence thrusting or Himalayan‐type extrusion tectonics, other models propose that Crete represents a metamorphic core complex that exhumed below the extensional Cretan Detachment. In this work, we show that the Cretan Detachment in eastern Crete is an up to 100‐m‐thick cataclastic low‐angle fault zone, which localized below the Tripolitza Unit (Upper Nappe System) within the upper part of the Upper Violet Slates (top of Lower Nappe System) cutting downsection to lower structural levels. The unequivocal kinematic indicators in this fault zone clearly suggest a top‐to‐the N displacement of the hanging wall. New low‐temperature geochronological data and numerical modeling suggest rapid cooling of the rocks in the footwall of the Cretan Detachment at circa 15 Ma. Top‐to‐the S ductile shear sense toward lower structural level in the Lower Nappe System support the idea that the Cretan Detachment facilitated the exhumation of the high‐pressure rocks in an extrusion tectonic setting. Therefore, in the early to middle Miocene, subduction‐related extrusion in Crete was simultaneously active with back‐arc extension‐related metamorphic core formation in the Cyclades.
Encounter rates between bacteria and small sinking particles

The ecological interaction between bacteria and sinking particles, such as bacterial degradation of marine snow particles, is regulated by their encounters. Current encounter models focus on the diffusive regime, valid for particles larger than the bacterial run length, yet the majority of marine snow particles are small, and the encounter process is then ballistic. Here, we analytically and numerically quantify the encounter rate between sinking particles and non-motile or motile micro-organisms in the ballistic regime, explicitly accounting for the hydrodynamic shear created by the particle and its coupling with micro-organism shape. We complement results with selected experiments on non-motile diatoms. The shape-shear coupling has a considerable effect on the encounter rate and encounter location through the mechanisms of hydrodynamic focusing and screening, whereby elongated micro-organisms preferentially orient normally to the particle surface downstream of the particle (focusing) and tangentially to the surface upstream of the particle (screening). Non-motile elongated micro-organisms are screened from sinking particles because shear aligns them tangentially to the particle surface, which reduces the encounter rate by a factor proportional to the square of the micro-organism aspect ratio. For motile elongated micro-organisms, hydrodynamic focusing increases the encounter rate when particle sinking speed is similar to micro-organism swimming speed, whereas for very quickly sinking particles hydrodynamic screening can reduce the encounter rate below that of non-motile micro-organisms. For natural ocean conditions, we connect the ballistic and diffusive limits and compute the encounter rate as a function of shape, motility and particle characteristics. Our results indicate that shear should be taken into account to predict the interactions between bacteria and sinking particles responsible for the large carbon flux in the ocean’s biological pump.
Influence of Salt Marsh Vegetation on Carbon Cycling and Microbial Communities

Coastal marshes are important "blue carbon" reservoirs, but it is unclear how vegetation shifts associated with tidal restoration and sea-level rise alter microbial community composition and soil respiration rates. In 2017, we surveyed 20 Connecticut salt marshes (10 unrestricted, 10 tidally restored) and sampled plants and soils from three vegetation zones (Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, Phragmites australis). We quantified aboveand below-ground biomass, a suite of sediment characteristics (pH, conductivity, soil moisture, organic matter, SO4 , Cl, and NH4 + concentrations), microbial respiration rates (SIR: substrate induced respiration; carbon mineralization), and root-zone bacterial 16S rRNA genes. While only one of our parameters, carbon density, differed between unrestricted and tidally restored marshes, we observed strong differences among vegetation zones. We observed distinct root-zone microbial communities associated with vegetation zones, with sulfate-reducing bacteria being more abundant in Spartina spp. zones. Microbial respiration rates (SIR, carbon mineralization) of both Spartina spp. zones were higher than P. australis, and were positively correlated with both electrical conductivity and belowground biomass. Carbon density was greater in unrestricted marshes than restored sites suggesting that ecosystem services lost during tidal restrictions may take time to rebound. Our findings suggest that salt marsh vegetation can be a useful indicator of hydrologic conditions as well as a predictive tool for estimating microbial respiration rates; however, it is still unclear whether differences in microbial respiration and community composition between vegetation zones is driven by plant or environmental conditions or perhaps an interaction between both.
Modelo de sedimentación fluvial y lacustre en el margen pasivo de un hemigraben: el Triásico de la Precordillera occidental de San Juan, República Argentina

Fil: Spalletti, Luis Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geologicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geologicas; Argentina
Do I Look All Right (or All Left)? The Interactive Effect of Facial Appearance and Political Attitudes on Social Attraction

Research has documented that adults with baby faces are perceived as possessing different personality characteristics than those with mature-looking faces. Recently, studies have also shown that different faces are associated with different political affiliations. Therefore, we assumed that people with babyish faces would be perceived as having left-wing attitudes and mature-faced people would be perceived as having right-wing attitudes. Moreover, based on the status incongruity hypothesis and on research documenting people’s preferences for those who do not violate expectations, we predicted that people whose faces are congruent with their stated political attitudes would be perceived as more socially and physically attractive. An experiment we conducted confirmed these hypotheses and documented that the occurrence of these effects depends on the similarity of attitudes between the participants and the target people.
Contrasting TiO2 compositions in Early Cenozoic mafic sills of the Faroe Islands: an example of basalt formation from distinct melting regimes

The Paleocene lava succession of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group (FIBG), which is a part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP), is intruded by numerous basaltic sills. These can be grouped into three main categories according to their geochemical characteristics: A low-TiO2 sill category (TiO2 = 0.7-0.9), a relatively high-TiO2 sill category (TiO2 = 1.95-2.6) and an intermediate-TiO2 sill that displays major element compositions lying between the other two categories. Mantle normalised plots for the high-TiO2 and low-TiO2 sills display relatively uniform flat LREE trends and slightly steeper HREE slopes for high-TiO2 relative to low-TiO2 sills. The intermediate-TiO2 Morskranes Sill is LREE depleted. Mantle normalised trace elements of low-TiO2 sill samples define positive Eu and Sr anomalies, whereas high-TiO2 sill samples display negative anomalies for these same lements. Different Nb and Ta anomalies (positive versus negative) in many high-TiO2 versus low-TiO2 sill samples suggest various metasomatism of their sources prior to partial melting. The intermediate-TiO2 sill displays noticeably lower 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios relative to both the high-TiO2 and the low-TiO2 sill samples. Pb isotope compositions displayed by local contaminated basaltic lavas imply that some of these assimilated distinct crustal material from E Greenland or basement from NW Britain, while others probably assimilated only distinct E Greenland type of crustal material. A third crustal source of E Greenland or Rockall-type basement could be required in order to explain some of the range in lead isotopes displayed by the intermediate-TiO2 Morskranes Sill. Geochemical modelling suggest that Faroese high-TiO2 sills, could have formed by ~4 to 7.5% batch melting of moderately fertile lherzolites, while 16 to 21% batch melting fertile mantle sources could explain geochemical compositions of Faroese low-TiO2 sills. The intermediate-TiO2 sill samples could have formed by a range of 6 to 7% batch melting of a depleted mantle source, probably with a composition comparable to sources that gave rise to local low-TiO2 and intermediate-TiO2 host-rocks. Most Faroese sill samples probably developed outside the garnet stabilitry field and probably formed by batch melting of mantle materials comparable in composition to those reported for the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) previously at depths of ≤ 85 km. Relative enrichments in LREE (and LILE in general), and their varying Nb and Ta anomalies point to sources affected by metasomatism.
Is it possible to improve early childhood development with a video-feedback intervention directed at the mother-father-child triad?

Relationships with primary caregivers provide the context for early childhood development, and evaluating those relationships during the early years can detect difficulties that may influence future mental health. Video feedback is a valuable intervention tool in early childhood, both for family relationships and child development. An intervention was implemented using this technique, focused on mother-father-child triads that were experiencing difficulties in social-emotional development. Participants were 80 mother-fatherinfant triads (experimental group, EG=40, control group, CG=40), with children between 1 and 3 years old. Socio-emotional difficulties decreased significantly in the children who received the intervention (Wilks λ=0.930, F (1, 78)=5.907; P=. 017). There was also an increase in psychomotor development in communication (Wilks λ=0.948, F (1, 78) =4.284; P=. 042) and fine motor skills (Wilks λ=0.875, F (1, 78)=11.185; P=. 001) in children in the EG compared with children in the CG.
Geomagnetic secular variation changes in Southern Africa during the SWARM period 2013 - 2018

Geomagnetic field observations from 4 magnetic observatories located in Southern Africa located at Hermanus (HER), Hartebeesthoek (HBK), Keetmanshoop (KMH) and Tsumeb (TSU) have been analysed with the main purpose to identify abrupt secular variation changes on time scales of less than 1 year. Removal of an annual variation resulting from large-scale magnetospheric and ionospheric currents by means of 12-month differences of the respective observatory monthly mean of northward component X, eastward component Y and vertical component Z, revealed clear evidence of several geomagnetic secular variation changes that took place in this region during the period between 2013 and 2018. The geomagnetic field model CHAOS6-x7, based exclusively on SWARM satellite and magnetic observatory data during this period, has been used to determine secular acceleration patterns across Southern Africa. The results obtained revealed that the observed secular variation changes took place over a range of strengths in the respective X, Y and Z components at every magnetic observatory. In addition, the respective observatories in the region also exhibited strong individual characteristics. The findings in this investigation show once again that the southern African region is characterised by unpredictable abrupt geomagnetic secular variation changes that have the potential to render linear prediction models less accurate.
Annotated checklist of odonates (Insecta: Odonata) in Sungai Bantang Recreational Forest, Bekok, Johor, Malaysia

A total of 34 species of odonates, including 17 species of dragonflies (Anisoptera) belonging to 2 families, and 15 species of damselflies (Zygoptera) belonging to 8 families were collected and recorded from Hutan Lipur Sungai Bantang in January, May and July 2017. From the suborder Anisoptera, Libellulidae is the most dominant family with 15 species and from the suborder Zygoptera, the richest family were Chlorocyphidae, Euphaeidae and Platycnemididae, each with three species respectively. A detailed list of odonates recorded from Hutan Lipur Sungai Bantang is presented. The result forms a baseline data of odonate fauna in this forest reserve useful in the monitoring of water quality of rivers found in the forest reserves in the future.
Are “Well-Told” Stories of Cancer Worn Out? Insights on Persuasion Characteristics Used in Cancer Narrative PSAs

Abstract There has been limited attention to cancer narrative public service announcements (CNPSAs) despite their potential to educate and engage consumers. Attributes of “well-told” stories are assumed to lead to narrative success, yet seldom do studies describe the nature of characteristics used in real-world advertisements. A major goal of the research was to quantitatively examine the more qualitative aspects of narratives by describing persuasion characteristics present in CNPSAs for two of the most common cancers in women (breast) and men (prostate). This was accomplished with a content analysis of 402 breast and prostate CNPSAs. Descriptive results were linked to behavioral engagement to draw conclusions that hold important implications to explain the role of narrative advertising as a social force. Analyses provide support for the central hypothesis of the study, indicating that effective cancer narratives are at least in part a product of the content, form, and context features of CNPSAs. This research is intended to inform researchers and practitioners in narrative approaches used to influence cancer prevention and control behaviors, as well as indicating which narrative approaches might be better suited for engaging individuals affected by cancer.
Notes on Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness and its Measurement

Bhutan, a Himalayan landlocked country of just about 750,000 inhabitants, has since the 1980s adopted a unique, holistic approach to development governance commonly referred to as 'Gross National Happiness' (GNH), which aims at achieving equitable socio-economic progress in harmony with other fundamental 'pillars' such as environmental preservation, good governance, and protection of the local cultural identity. The strategy inspired, above all, by solid Tantric Buddhist belief significantly differentiates itself from the mainstream GDP-driven, output-maximizing paradigms by maintaining that truly sustainable development can only originate from acknowledging the equal dignity and crucial interdependence of various dimensions of both human and natural life. This paper, drafted in the month of December 2015, briefly analyzes GNH policy’s key tenets and achievements – more conspicuous in regards to democratic governance and environment than in terms of inclusive, multidimensional poverty reduction, as well as its recently devised measuring tool, the GNH Index, and the results of its latest surveys. Factors like the peculiar Buddhist culture that informs it, the relatively simple economic infrastructure at this early stage of development, as well as the limited size of the politically active, urbanized population, all make GNH per se a distinctively Bhutanese phenomenon. Nevertheless, the fundamental paradigm shift that GNH advocates has already resonated beyond the countries’ borders, reinforcing a growing trend across international development actors towards a more comprehensive, qualitative definition and measurement of societal development.