Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
External Load Variables Affect Recovery Markers up to 72 h After Semiprofessional Football Matches

Background: Player tracking devices are commonly used to monitor external load from training and matches in team sports. Yet, how the derived external load variables relate to fatigue and recovery post-training or post-match is scarcely researched. The objective was, therefore, to investigate how external load variables affect recovery markers up to 72 h post-match. Methods: Semiprofessional players from six teams wore tracking devices during three experimental football matches. External load variables including individual playing duration, total distance, PlayerLoad™, high-intensity running, and high-intensity events were derived from the tracking devices, and blood samples and performance tests from 24–59 players were undertaken post-match. The effect of the external load variables on creatine kinase, myoglobin, and countermovement jump at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h, and 30-m sprint and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests level 1 at 72 h post-match, were modeled. Effects were gauged as two standard deviations of the external load and interpreted as the difference between a typical high-load and a typical low-load match. The effects were evaluated with 90% confidence intervals and magnitude-based inferences. Results: High-intensity running had very likely substantial effects on creatine kinase and myoglobin (moderate factor increases of 1.5–2.0 and 1.3–1.6 respectively), while duration, total distance, and HIE showed small, likely substantial effects. PlayerLoad™ and total distance had likely substantial effects on 30-m sprint time (small increases of 2.1–2.6%). Effects on countermovement jump performance were generally non-substantial. Despite these relationships, the uncertainty was too large to predict the recovery of individual players from the external load variables. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that external load variables have an effect on recovery markers up to 72 h post-match. Hence, tracking external load in matches may be helpful for practitioners when managing training load and recovery strategies post-match. However, it is recommended that several different external load variables are monitored. Future research should continue to address the problem of predicting recovery from external load variables.
Fuzzy Estimation of Link Travel Time from a Digital Elevation Model and Road Hierarchy Level

Link travel time is crucial for finding the fastest path in a road network which is an issue in many fields of research. Readily available data sources like OpenStreetMap (OSM) often lack information about the maximum speed of a road which is needed to calculate link travel time. In rural regions, the average speed of a road depends mainly on two parameters: slope and road quality. In this paper, we develop a fuzzy control system (FCS) which estimates link travel time based on these two input parameters. The OSM road network and a digital elevation model (DEM) serve as free-to-use and worldwide available input data. Google Directions API data provides a reference for the link travel time. The setup of the FCS as well as its tuning and validation is described in detail. Furthermore, two approaches to derive slope from a DEM are presented and compared. The FCS is applied exemplary for the BioBio region in central Chile. The results of the case study reveal the potential of this approach. Link travel times are estimated by the FCS with an R2 of at least 87.8 %. In future work, the FCS can be designed with more input parameters to achieve an even better performance.
Knowledge Basis for Integration of Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business

The problem of integration of finance, economics, management and IT business is the problem of activities’ integration, digitalized with application of IT. Digitization leaves unsolved questions of cognitive activities objects’ integration. This disintegration is partially compensated on the humanitarian level by optimization of subjects’ behaviour. But integration on level of physical and informational objects of activity stays insufficient. The experience convinces that its strengthening is impossible without vertical integration of knowledge about conscious phenomena, and horizontal integration of conscious and natural sciences knowledge. Products of conscious activity are programs and databases. The understanding of their essence led to building of bilateral development models of cognition and economy. On this basis, the vertical of knowledge for spheres of sign phenomena, is built. It contains in its core the paradigm of sign constructions ontology. It is received with method of immersion from concrete to abstract. The result is used for ascending from abstract to concrete. On the way to data infrastructures as flexible “junctions” between fragments of activity, paradigms of data and computer programs are received. Their essence which is called quasi-physical is defined by analogy with computer programs, where signifier and signified have no physical connection but have correspondence. a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-2486 b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2314 c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-6290 d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3993-3938
Online Peer Groups - a Design-Oriented Approach to Addressing the unemployment of People with Complex Barriers

Following a design-oriented methodology, we aim to support unemployed people facing complex barriers like drug addiction or poverty by designing and evaluating an online intervention that complements traditional face-to-face offline counselling with online peer groups. Our peer-group-based job counselling approach provides peer support in an intimate environment, independent of time and place. We implemented our approach at the German Federal Employment Agency with a messaging application and evaluated it in a randomised field experiment and expert interviews. Results indicate that the approach adds substantial value compared to face-to-face offline counselling, particularly with respect to job search self-efficacy, self-exploration, and environmental exploration – proven success indicators for the employment of unemployed people with complex barriers. It further demonstrates the benefits of online characteristics and how online peer groups and offline interventions can cross-fertilize in this context. Our study contributes to the literature on the societal impact of information and communication technologies and to design science research, and answers stakeholders’ call for modernisation of employment counselling in practice.
Juggling the Paradoxes - Governance Mechanisms in Bimodal IT Organizations

The fundamental changes associated with digitalization demand businesses and public enterprises to balance exploitative and explorative capabilities in their internal IT function. One approach to balance these paradoxical demands is the adoption of twofold organizational structures often referred to as bimodal IT. While the IS literature has made recent advances in the description and analysis of bimodal organization structures, we still lack a deeper understanding of the inner workings within bimodal IT organizations and the potential tensions between traditional and agile IT. To address this research gap, we adopt IT governance mechanisms as an analytical framework to study two bimodal IT organization cases, one at a law enforcement agency and the other at an automotive company. We analyze data collected through fourteen semi-structured interviews using grounded theory techniques. We first identify challenges associated with the implementation of and the coordination within organization’s bimodal IT organizations. We then identify the structural, procedural, and relational governance mechanisms used within these organizations and elucidate how they relate to the categories of challenges. Finally, we identify and describe five novel governance paradoxes of bimodal IT organizations that emerged as core concepts from this research. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Mutations in NaV1.5 Reveal Calcium-Calmodulin Regulation of Sodium Channel

Mutations in the SCN5A gene, encoding the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, are associated with inherited cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disease. Ca2+-dependent mechanisms and the involvement of β-subunit (NaVβ) in NaV1.5 regulation are not fully understood. A patient with severe sinus-bradycardia and cardiac conduction-disease was genetically evaluated and compound heterozygosity in the SCN5A gene was found. Mutations were identified in the cytoplasmic DIII-IV linker (K1493del) and the C-terminus (A1924T) of NaV1.5, both are putative CaM-binding domains. These mutants were functionally studied in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and HL-1 cells using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Calmodulin (CaM) interaction and cell-surface expression of heterologously expressed NaV1.5 mutants were studied by pull-down and biotinylation assays. The mutation K1493del rendered NaV1.5 non-conductive. NaV1.5K1493del altered the gating properties of co-expressed functional NaV1.5, in a Ca2+ and NaVβ1-dependent manner. NaV1.5A1924T impaired NaVβ1-dependent gating regulation. Ca2+-dependent CaM-interaction with NaV1.5 was blunted in NaV1.5K1493del. Electrical charge substitution at position 1493 did not affect CaM-interaction and channel functionality. Arrhythmia and conduction-disease -associated mutations revealed Ca2+-dependent gating regulation of NaV1.5 channels. Our results highlight the role of NaV1.5 DIII-IV linker in the CaM-binding complex and channel function, and suggest that the Ca2+-sensing machinery of NaV1.5 involves NaVβ1.
Holistic Air Protection Scheme of ADS-B Communication

The avionics world is making the transition in the coming years to the automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) communication in order to determine parameters like for instance position and velocity of the aircraft in the air. The standard does not currently include any kind of authentication or encryption in the transmitted messages and is therefore vulnerable against different types of attacks.In this paper, a system, called holistic air protection (HAP), is proposed, which is able to provide different levels of security by offering authentication of the payload with potential encryption of identifier and/or payload of the message. As a consequence, a holistic solution is obtained, which can be applied by both commercial and military aircraft or in case of a security attack. HAP relies on implicit certificates and a generalized elliptic curve-based signcryption scheme. The resulting overhead due to the cryptographic operations is in the same range as the timed efficient stream loss-tolerant authentication (TESLA)-based proposed security schemes, considering the same security strength. Moreover, HAP is also able to obtain faster authentication and a thus faster guarantee of a verified update.
The First Case of Bovine Astrovirus-Associated Encephalitis in the Southern Hemisphere (Uruguay), Uncovers Evidence of Viral Introduction to the Americas From Europe

Astrovirus species members of the Mamastrovirus genus (family Astroviridae) have been increasingly recognized as neuroinvasive pathogens in various mammals, including humans, mink, cattle, sheep, and pigs. While cases of astrovirus-associated encephalitis have been reported in North America, Europe, and Asia, their presence has never been documented in the Southern hemisphere. This paper describes a case of astrovirus-associated encephalitis in cattle in Uruguay that broadens the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of neuroinvasive astroviruses and provides phylogeographic evidence of viral introduction to the Americas from Europe. A 22-month-old Holstein steer from a farm in Colonia Department, Uruguay developed progressive neurological signs over a 3-days period before dying. Histopathological examination of the brain and proximal cervical spinal cord revealed disseminated, moderate to severe lymphocytic, histiocytic, and plasmacytic poliomeningoencephalomyelitis with neuronal necrosis. A Mamastrovirus strain in the CH13/NeuroS1 clade, that we called bovine astrovirus (BoAstV)-Neuro-Uy, was identified by reverse transcriptase PCR followed by nearly complete genome sequencing. Additionally, BoAstV was detected intralesionally in the brain by chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization within neuronal perikarya, axons and dendrites. Phylogenetic analysis of BoAstV-Neuro-Uy revealed a close relationship to neurotropic BoAstVs within the Virginia/Human-Mink-Ovine clade, which contains a growing cadre of neuroinvasive astroviruses. Analyzing the complete coding region of neuroinvasive BoAstVs sequences available in GenBank, we estimated an evolutionary rate of 4.27 × 10-4 (95% HPD 2.19–6.46 × 10-4) nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that the common viral ancestor circulated in Europe between 1794–1940, and was introduced in Uruguay between 1849–1967, to later spread to North America and Japan.
Study of the nasopharynx in man by scanning electron microscopy

Abstract To date only few and often disagreeing studies about human nasopharynx are available. The present research has the purpose to give a contribution to the knowledge of nasopharyngeal epithelium using S.E. M The study was carried out on biopsies taken from 20 healthy volunteers. The surface of nasopharynx is covered by ciliated cells, microvilli provided cells and goblet cells. Areas covered with squamous epithelium and presumably transitional epithelium were observed. The possibility that ciliated become microvilli provided cells is discussed.
Astrocyte, a Promising Target for Mood Disorder Interventions

Mood disorders have multiple phenotypes and complex underlying biological mechanisms and, as such, there are no effective therapeutic strategies. A review of recent work on the role of astrocytes in mood disorders is thus warranted, which we embark on here. We argue that there is tremendous potential for novel strategies for therapeutic interventions based on the role of astrocytes. Astrocytes are traditionally considered to have supporting roles within the brain, yet emerging evidence has shown that astrocytes have more direct roles in influencing brain function. Notably, evidence from postmortem human brain tissues has highlighted changes in glial cell morphology, density and astrocyte-related biomarkers and genes following mood disorders, indicating astrocyte involvement in mood disorders. Findings from animal models strongly imply that astrocytes not only change astrocyte morphology and physiological characteristics but also influence neural circuits via synapse structure and formation. This review pays particular attention to interactions between astrocytes and neurons and argues that astrocyte dysfunction affects the monoaminergic system, excitatory–inhibitory balance and neurotrophic states of local networks. Together, these studies provide a foundation of knowledge about the exact role of astrocytes in mood disorders. Importantly, we then change the focus from neurons to glial cells and the interactions between the two, so that we can understand newly proposed mechanisms underlying mood disorders, and to identify more diagnostic indicators or effective targets for treatment of these diseases.
Biological Effects of Thermal Water-Associated Hydrogen Sulfide on Human Airways and Associated Immune Cells: Implications for Respiratory Diseases

Natural mineral (thermal) waters have been used for centuries as treatment for various diseases. However, the scientific background of such therapeutic action is mostly empiric and based on knowledge acquired over time. Among the various types of natural mineral waters, sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are the most common type in the center of Portugal. STWs are characterized by high pH, poor mineralization, and the presence of several ions and salts, such as bicarbonate, sodium, fluoride, silica, and carbonate. Furthermore, these waters are indicated as a good option for the treatment of various illnesses, namely respiratory diseases (e.g., allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). From the sulfide species present in these waters, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) stands out due to its abundance. In healthy conditions, H2S-related enzymes (e.g., cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase) are expressed in human lungs, where they have mucolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial roles, thus contributing to airway epithelium homeostasis. These roles occur mainly through S-sulfhydration, a post-translational modification through which H2S is able to change the activity of several targets, such as ion channels, second messengers, proteins, among others. However, in respiratory diseases the metabolism of H2S is altered, which seems to contribute somehow to the respiratory deterioration. Moreover, H2S has been regarded as a good biomarker of airway dysfunction and severity, and can be measured in serum, sputum, and exhaled air. Hence, in this review we will recapitulate the effects of STWs on lung epithelial-immune crosstalk through the action of its main component, H2S.
The Role of BDNF in the Neuroimmune Axis Regulation of Mood Disorders

The neuroimmune system plays a crucial role in the regulation of mood disorders. Moreover, recent studies show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is a key regulator in the neuroimmune axis. However, the potential mechanism of BDNF action in the neuroimmune axis' regulation of mood disorders remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent progress of BDNF in influencing mood disorders, by participating in alterations of the neuroimmune axis. This may provide evidence for future studies in this field.
Differential Enzymatic Activity of Common Haplotypic Versions of the Human Acidic Mammalian Chitinase Protein*

Mouse models have shown the importance of acidic mammalian chitinase activity in settings of chitin exposure and allergic inflammation. However, little is known regarding genetic regulation of AMCase enzymatic activity in human allergic diseases. Resequencing the AMCase gene exons we identified 8 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms including three novel variants (A290G, G296A, G339T) near the gene area coding for the enzyme active site, all in linkage disequilibrium. AMCase protein isoforms, encoded by two gene-wide haplotypes, and differentiated by these three single nucleotide polymorphisms, were recombinantly expressed and purified. Biochemical analysis revealed the isoform encoded by the variant haplotype displayed a distinct pH profile exhibiting greater retention of chitinase activity at acidic and basic pH values. Determination of absolute kinetic activity found the variant isoform encoded by the variant haplotype was 4-, 2.5-, and 10-fold more active than the wild type AMCase isoform at pH 2.2, 4.6, and 7.0, respectively. Modeling of the AMCase isoforms revealed positional changes in amino acids critical for both pH specificity and substrate binding. Genetic association analyses of AMCase haplotypes for asthma revealed significant protective associations between the variant haplotype in several asthma cohorts. The structural, kinetic, and genetic data regarding the AMCase isoforms are consistent with the Th2-priming effects of environmental chitin and a role for AMCase in negatively regulating this stimulus.
Spectrum Sensing in SIMO Cognitive Radios Under Primary User Transmitter IQ Imbalance

In this paper, we model the received signal of a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) cognitive radio with in-phase and quadrature imbalance (IQI) in the transmitter. Then, the spectrum sensing problem is formulated as a composite hypothesis testing problem. We propose two new eigenvalue-based detectors based on the likelihood ratio test (LRT), Rao and Wald frameworks, i.e., the resultant LRT leads us to the Wald test. For the proposed Rao test, we find closed-form expressions for false alarm and detection probabilities under noise variance uncertainty in order to get the level of desired false alarm probability <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p_{\text{fa}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, i.e., it is called a level <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p_{\text{fa}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> test. This is required for nonconstant false alarm rate (non-CFAR) such as the Rao test to guarantee that the obtained false alarm rate is always below a required level <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p_{\text{fa}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Additionally, an analytical formula for the probability of false alarm of Wald test is presented to confirm our simulation results. In this case, the proposed Wald detector is a size <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p_{\text{fa}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> test, called a CFAR detector. Detection performances of the proposed detectors are compared in different scenarios by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the Wald detector outperforms the proposed Rao one. Also, we show that the effects of transmitting IQI can be considered as a signal-to-noise ratio factor, just affecting the detection performance. Also, our performance results show that the proposed Wald detector is fairly robust to the receiver IQI when direct down-conversion receivers are exploited.
Associations Among Depressive Symptoms, Childhood Abuse, Neuroticism, Social Support, and Coping Style in the Population Covering General Adults, Depressed Patients, Bipolar Disorder Patients, and High Risk Population for Depression

Background Exposure to childhood abuse has been identified as a salient risk factor for the development of depression. However, the mediating factors between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aims to investigate the mediating effects of neuroticism, social support, and coping style between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in population covering general adults, depressed patients, bipolar disorder patients, and high risk population for depression. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Five validated questionnaires were used to measure the psychological outcomes (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire CTQ-SF, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire EPQR-S, Social Support Rating Scale SSRS, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire SCSQ, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9) of 312 participants. Multiple regressions and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to conduct data analysis. Results Multiple regression analysis and SEM showed a significant association between childhood emotional abuse and depression symptoms. Neuroticism, use of social support, and active coping style were important mediating variables of this association. The R2 for our model was 0.456, indicating that 45.6% of the variability in depressive symptoms can be explained by the model. Conclusion: This study suggested that neuroticism, active coping, and use of social support play important role in mediating the effects of childhood abuse on adult depressive symptoms.