Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative technologies in knowledge telework: an exploratory study

Abstract. Knowledge workers in distributed work environments require substantial communication with colleagues and supervisors to perform their work activities, and collaborative technologies, like groupware, continue to improve the potential for such communication. This study investigates how an improvement in collaborative technology among a group of knowledge teleworkers impacts their communication patterns. The study focuses on one communication‐based work process: knowledge sharing. The research involves a 6‐month exploratory longitudinal case study of a group of teleworkers where a new groupware technology was implemented. The results indicate that while there are fewer instances of communication among group members after the technology is implemented, communication becomes more centralized around the district manager. These results suggest that increased collaborative technologies result in an adjustment between explicit and tacit knowledge sharing, as the availability of a centralized and updateable database reduces workgroup communications. However, consistent with structuration theory, telework group members do use communication technologies to address their most apparent needs and concerns. Other potential explanations and implications of these findings are discussed.
Adaptation to life in aeolian sand: how the sandfish lizard, Scincus scincus, prevents sand particles from entering its lungs

ABSTRACT The sandfish lizard, Scincus scincus (Squamata: Scincidae), spends nearly its whole life in aeolian sand and only comes to the surface for foraging, defecating and mating. It is not yet understood how the animal can respire without sand particles entering its respiratory organs when buried under thick layers of sand. In this work, we integrated biological studies, computational calculations and physical experiments to understand this phenomenon. We present a 3D model of the upper respiratory system based on a detailed histological analysis. A 3D-printed version of this model was used in combination with characteristic ventilation patterns for computational calculations and fluid mechanics experiments. By calculating the velocity field, we identified a sharp decrease in velocity in the anterior part of the nasal cavity where mucus and cilia are present. The experiments with the 3D-printed model validate the calculations: particles, if present, were found only in the same area as suggested by the calculations. We postulate that the sandfish has an aerodynamic filtering system; more specifically, that the characteristic morphology of the respiratory channel coupled with specific ventilation patterns prevent particles from entering the lungs. Highlighted Article: The sandfish S. scincus spends nearly its whole life in fine desert sand. We discovered that it has an aerodynamic filtering system to prevent sand particles from entering the lungs.
Environmental Fit Versus Internal Fit

Many contingency researchers have argued that organizations must tailor their structures and decision making processes to fit the demands of their external environments-the exigencies of their markets. They claim, for example, that uncertain environments-those with high degrees of change and unpredictability in technology and in customer and competitor behavior-require more delegation of authority to highly trained specialists and quicker, more responsive decision making. However, such experts usually favor a slower, more analytical approach. Here, internal and external requirements appear to be inconsistent. These and similar inconsistencies indicate that the alignment among structural and process variables needed for good environmental fit seems sometimes to violate the dictates of internal consistency. It is reasonable, therefore, to expect that where such inconsistencies occur, organizations will choose between achieving internal match and external match: firms that closely match the demands of their environment will lack internal complementarity, and vice versa. The empirical research reported here demonstrates exactly this: organizations that achieve the best fit with environmental uncertainty have the weakest linkages among structural and process variables. An exploratory taxonomy supports these results. However, internal and external fit are not always incompatible. We found, for example, that fit with environmental diversity did not have any implications for internal fit. One of the implications of this research is that managers may have to perform their adaptive tasks sequentially striving for a harmonious alignment among their internal variables in order to achieve smooth functioning, but periodically disrupting this harmony to adjust to a changing environment.
Creating and managing a high‐performance knowledge‐sharing network: the Toyota case

Previous research suggests that knowledge diffusion occurs more quickly within Toyota’s production network than in competing automaker networks. In this paper we examine the ‘black box’ of knowledge sharing within Toyota’s network and demonstrate that Toyota’s ability to effectively create and manage network-level knowledge-sharing processes at least partially explains the relative productivity advantages enjoyed by Toyota and its suppliers. We provide evidence that suppliers do learn more quickly after participating in Toyota’s knowledge-sharing network. Toyota’s network has solved three fundamental dilemmas with regard to knowledge sharing by devising methods to (1) motivate members to participate and openly share valuable knowledge (while preventing undesirable spillovers to competitors), (2) prevent free riders, and (3) reduce the costs associated with finding and accessing different types of valuable knowledge. Toyota has done this by creating a strong network identity with rules for participation and entry into the network. Most importantly, production knowledge is viewed as the property of the network. Toyota’s highly interconnected, strong tie network has established a variety of institutionalized routines that facilitate multidirectional knowledge flows among suppliers. Our study suggests that the notion of a dynamic learning capability that creates competitive advantage needs to be extended beyond firm boundaries. Indeed, if the network can create a strong identity and coordinating rules, then it will be superior to a firm as an organizational form at creating and recombining knowledge due to the diversity of knowledge that resides within a network. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different choice of strategic innovation among companies in China market

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the difference among foreign and domestic cosmetics firms in terms of types of strategic innovations they chose in the Chinese market, and the difference between domestic large-sized cosmetics firms and cosmetics small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) about types of strategic innovation they choose in the Chinese market. Design/methodology/approach – The independent-sample t-test was used to compare foreign and domestic cosmetics firms and domestic SMEs and large-sized cosmetics firms. Findings – Foreign and domestic cosmetics firms should not choose the same type of strategic innovations, and it also showed that Chinese domestic large-sized firms and SMEs should not choose the same types of strategic innovations. Research limitations/implications – China is the exclusive place of focus. Only 19 types of strategic innovations were analyzed. There may be other variables that have not been addressed in the study. Practical implications – Though other large-s.
Sertraline and desmethylsertraline in human breast milk and nursing infants.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of sertraline and desmethylsertraline in both human breast milk and infant serum. METHOD Breast milk samples from 12 women were collected at specific time intervals after oral doses of sertraline (25-200 mg once daily). For 11 mother-infant pairs, maternal serum levels 24 hours after a dose and their infants' serum levels 2-4 hours after nursing were ascertained by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Sertraline and desmethylsertraline were present in all breast milk samples, with a gradient from "fore" milk to "hind" milk. The highest concentrations of sertraline were observed in hind milk 7-10 hours after maternal dose. Increasing the maternal dose of sertraline resulted in increased breast milk concentrations of both sertraline and desmethylsertraline. Detectable concentrations of sertraline were found in three nursing infants and desmethylsertraline in six. No adverse effects of exposure were observed in any infant. CONCLUSIONS Sertraline and desmethylsertraline were present in the breast milk of nursing women treated with sertraline. Concentrations were affected by aliquot of milk sampled, time after maternal dose, and maternal daily dose. The infants' serum concentrations detected were below the detection limit of most commercial laboratories. The presence of desmethylsertraline in six infants' samples underscores the importance of metabolite monitoring in determining infant exposure. Estimates of daily infant exposure can be determined after analysis of sertraline and desmethylsertraline concentrations from one full breast at maternal serum steady state. Future studies of breast milk and infant serum samples should address these issues.
Pre-medication practices and incidence of infusion-related reactions in patients receiving AMPHOTEC: data from the Patient Registry of Amphotericin B Cholesteryl Sulfate Complex for Injection Clinical Tolerability (PRoACT) registry.

BACKGROUND Clinical studies have suggested that rates of infusion-related reactions (IRRs) may be higher with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) versus other forms of amphotericin B. However, these studies did not permit the use of pre-medications upfront, which are now commonly used. Objectives To describe the use of pre-medications and determine the rate of IRRs in the real-world setting. METHODS PRoACT, a multicentre, worldwide observational registry, captured real-world data about pre-medication practices and IRRs in patients receiving ABCD. Eligible patients were those beginning treatment with ABCD; treatment was according to the site's standard treatment practice. Incidence of IRRs was collected during the first 10 days of ABCD therapy. Clinical response data were collected 12 weeks after treatment start. RESULTS One hundred and seventy patients from 21 worldwide sites were included (median age 37 years; 52% male). There were a total of 1230 ABCD infusions (mean dose 2.8 mg/kg/day); 90% of the infusions (1105/1230) had pre-medication. Common pre-medications included corticosteroids, antihistamines, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and metamizole. The overall IRR rate was 12% (147/1230) and was lower in infusions with pre-medication (11%) versus no pre-medication (22%), P < 0.001. Corticosteroids were associated with a decreased incidence of IRRs (P < 0.05), while paracetamol and antihistamines were not. The most common IRRs were chills (7%), fever (7%) and rigors (5%). Clearance of the fungal infection occurred in 52% of the participants. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a lower rate of IRRs with ABCD than previously reported. Pre-medication is associated with decreased IRR incidence. Corticosteroids in particular appear to decrease IRRs while paracetamol and antihistamines, though commonly used, do not.
The Roles of Religion , Spirituality , and Genetics in Paranormal Beliefs

Recent articles by Erich Goode (2000) and Glenn Sparks (2001) discussed the relationship between religious and paranormal beliefs. Goode proposes that they share a common foundation of belief in phenomena that are outside conventional science. Sparks is less certain of a relationship between traditional religion and paranormal beliefs. However, both writers agree that there are multiple dimensions of both religious and paranormal belief and that these dimensions need further investigation. Recent research may provide insight into the dimensions of, and the relationships among, these beliefs. These findings bring into focus the fundamentally different views of paranormal phenomena found among followers of traditional
Retinoblastoma in Turkey: results from a tertiary care center in Ankara.

PURPOSE To evaluate the presentation patterns and results of management of retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center in Ankara, Turkey, with special emphasis on globe conservation rate in unilateral and bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma. METHODS Patients were grouped according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma. For intraocular retinoblastoma, group E and some group D eyes underwent primary enucleation. Secondary enucleation was performed after failure of chemoreduction, focal treatments, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and intra-arterial chemotherapy used in various combinations. For extraocular retinoblastoma cases, treatment consisted of enucleation/exenteration or orbital biopsy, high-dose chemotherapy, and EBRT to the orbit and metastatic sites. RESULTS During the study period from October 1998 to May 2010, 165 of 192 (85.9%) patients had intraocular disease and 27 (14.1%) patients had extraocular disease. In total, primary or secondary enucleation was performed in 70 of 94 eyes with unilateral retinoblastoma (74.5%) and in 34 of 142 eyes with bilateral retinoblastoma (23.9%). The overall globe conservation rate was 69.6%. Only one patient in the intraocular retinoblastoma group died of metastatic retinoblastoma to the central nervous system. Twenty of 27 patients (74.1%) with extraocular retinoblastoma were found to have metastasis to the central nervous system, bone, bone marrow, and/or lymph nodes. At a mean follow-up of 28.0 months (median: 12 months; range: 1 to 120 months), survival was 33.3% despite intensive treatment. CONCLUSIONS The overall risk of enucleation was 75% in eyes with unilateral retinoblastoma and 24% in eyes with bilateral retinoblastoma. Extraocular retinoblastoma carries a 75% risk of systemic metastasis and 67% risk of death.
The intentions of Lebanese consumers to adopt mobile banking

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that differentiate customers with high intentions to adopt mobile banking from others. This study examined the effect of perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived credibility, trust, normative pressure, self-efficacy, compatibility, and trialability. It also included demographics as control variables. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected using the snowball approach. The respondents filled in a structured questionnaire in February 2014 in Beirut, Lebanon. In total, 800 responses were received, 776 of which were completed and analysed. Findings – This study showed that perceived compatibility, trialability, perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived credibility, and trust positively and significantly discriminate high-mobile banking adopters from low adopters. This study also found that perceived self-efficacy separates customers through their willingness to adopt mobile banking. Originality/value – Although a handful of st.
Power Source Mismatch and the Effectiveness of Interorganizational Relations: The Case of Venture Capital Syndication

This study explores the impact of the mismatch between two sources of power, ownership and status, on the effectiveness of interorganizational relations. We characterize three types of dyadic ownership-status relationships and examine their relative mixes at the group level: (1) power source match (A’s ownership and status are both higher than those of B); (2) ownership-dominated power source mismatch (A’s ownership advantage over B is greater than B’s status advantage over A); and (3) status-dominated power source mismatch (A’s ownership advantage over B is less than B’s status advantage over A). We found that power source match enhanced the effectiveness of venture capital (VC) syndication, and that ownership-dominated power source mismatch strengthened the positive effect of power source match because the syndicate could maintain legitimate ownership order and benefit from diverse inputs. By contrast, status-dominated power source mismatch weakened the positive effect of power source match, because it may have created disorderly interaction. Moreover, familiarity between participating VC firms diminished the negative moderating effect of status-dominated mismatch, because mutual trust helped organize group interaction, and entrepreneurial performance fulfilled a similar function, as the autonomy of entrepreneurs from the VC syndicate buffered turbulences caused by interaction problems among VC investors.
SREB 2 / GPR 85 , a schizophrenia risk factor , negatively regulates hippocampal adult neurogenesis and neurogenesis-dependent learning and memory

SREB2 ⁄ GPR85, a member of the super-conserved receptor expressed in brain (SREB) family, is the most conserved G-proteincoupled receptor in vertebrate evolution. Previous human and mouse genetic studies have indicated a possible link between SREB2 and schizophrenia. SREB2 is robustly expressed in the hippocampal formation, especially in the dentate gyrus, a structure with an established involvement in psychiatric disorders and cognition. However, the function of SREB2 in the hippocampus remains elusive. Here we show that SREB2 regulates hippocampal adult neurogenesis, which impacts on cognitive function. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and immunohistochemistry were conducted in SREB2 transgenic (Tg, over-expression) and knockout (KO, null-mutant) mice to quantitatively assay adult neurogenesis and newborn neuron dendritic morphology. Cognitive responses associated with adult neurogenesis alteration were evaluated in SREB2 mutant mice. In SREB2 Tg mice, both new cell proliferation and new neuron survival were decreased in the dentate gyrus, whereas an enhancement of new neuron survival occurred in SREB2 KO mouse dentate gyrus. Doublecortin staining revealed dendritic morphology deficits of newly generated neurons in SREB2 Tg mice. In a spatial pattern separation task, SREB2 Tg mice displayed a decreased ability to discriminate spatial relationships, whereas SREB2 KO mice had enhanced abilities in this task. Additionally, SREB2 Tg and KO mice had reciprocal phenotypes in a Y-maze working memory task. Our results indicate that SREB2 is a negative regulator of adult neurogenesis and consequential cognitive functions. Inhibition of SREB2 function may be a novel approach to enhance hippocampal adult neurogenesis and cognitive abilities to ameliorate core symptoms of psychiatric patients.
Effects of topical elk velvet antler on cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE Wound repair is a finely orchestrated process involving cellular, molecular, physiologic, and biochemical interactions that restore the integrity of damaged tissue. Cyclic replacement of deer antlers requires rapid regenerative growth, in many ways analogous to that encountered during tissue repair. Molecular mechanisms regulating these processes are not fully understood, but it is increasingly apparent that growth factors are important mediators. Previous studies have shown that elk velvet antler (EVA) contains various growth factors and that a water-soluble extract stimulates dermal fibroblast growth in vitro. DESIGN The efficacy of EVA water-soluble extract on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was EVAluated using a full-thickness cutaneous wound model. Animals were randomly selected to receive topical application of either control or EVA gel. Daily photographs of the wounds served to measure the rate of wound closure. Wound-edge biopsies obtained on postoperative days 2 and 10 allowed histologic evaluation and measurement of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta (1)) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. RESULTS Wounds treated with the EVA topical gel were significantly smaller by postoperative day 6. TGF- beta (1) protein expression was not different in EVA-treated wounds compared to control wounds. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that topical treatment with an EVA water-soluble extract accelerates repair of cutaneous wounds in diabetic rats. Further studies are warranted to reveal the mechanisms involved in EVA enhancement of wound closure and to determine if this compound is an economical pharmacologic agent in the treatment of normal and compromised wounds.
Involvement of rainbow trout leucocytes in the pathogenesis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus myluss leucocytes were tested for their ability to support replication of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Viral replication occurred in vitro uslng leucocytes cultured from peripheral blood, kidney, and thymus where viral titers peaked at 2 to 4 d post-inoculation. Leucocytes collected from trout following waterborne challenge with IHNV were cocultured on EPC cell monolayers. These assays detected IHNV in leucocytes infected in vivo as early as 6 h post-exposure before the challenge virus had undergone replication. These data showed that leucocyte populations could serve as target cells in the initial phase of IHNV infection.
Modelling Consumer Evaluation of Brand Extensions: Empirical Evidence from India

Increasing costs involved in building new brands motivate marketers to adopt an alternate route for new product introductions in the form of brand extensions. While extensive research exists for understanding the intricacies of brand extensions in the Western context, there is limited understanding about its utility in the context of developing countries such as India. This study aims to identify factors contributing to the success of brand extension of Consumer Packaged Goods (CPGs) in India. Primary data collection was performed with 837 participants constituting management students of a renowned university in India. Hierarchical regression is applied to model the variables considered as major determinants for brand extension evaluation. This study is first of its kind in India explaining the inter-relationships among these variables with the help of residual centring technique for creating interaction terms leading to a better understanding of consumers’ evaluation of brand extensions. Interesting results emerging from the study, having managerial implications, are discussed in detail. Attitude towards brand extension advertisement is found to be the most significant variable affecting consumers’ attitude towards brand extension. While a majority of the prior studies has overstated the impact of perceptual fit, it only emerged as a significant variable along with brand trust and perceived quality. Negative interaction effect of perceived fit and trust is observed, implying that only strongly trusted brands may extend into low fitting product categories and vice versa, that is, lowly trusted brands should only extend into high fitting extensions. We believe that these implications will be useful for many of the multinational companies entering Indian markets while leveraging their equity by introducing extensions that are suited for the Indian consumers.