Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF TYPE OF ELECTROLYTE EFFECT ON PLATINUM ELECTRO-CATALYST PERFORMANCE PREPARED BY CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY ELECTRODEPOSITION METHOD FOR GLUCOSE OXIDATION REACTION

There are several methods to prepare electro-catalysts for low temperature fuel cells. Platinum is used as a common electro-catalyst for this purpose. Electrodeposition method is applied for preparing platinum on modified carbon paper as electrode directly. Many parameters effect on performance of prepared electrodes. At this work, the effect of type of electrolyte in electrodeposition solution was investigated for making electro-catalyst that is be used as anode in Glucose Alkaline Air Fuel Cell (GAAFC). Cyclic voltammetry ((1.2-0.6) V vs. Ag/AgCl sat. KCl, 100 mV/S) is used as electrodeposition method. Number of CV cycles is varied 10 to 50. Electrodeposition was performed in two precursor solution (0.5 M) containing phosphate and sulfate anions. Platinum concentration in solution was 3 mM. The prepared electro-catalysts were studied for Glucose Oxidation Reaction (GOR) by CV analysis in 0.3 M glucose solution and 0.5 M KOH. Also, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method was used. According our results, the type of anion in electrodeposition solution affects on properties of prepared platinum electro-catalyst for GOR. Optimized condition for number of CV cycles in phosphate and sulfate solutions is 10 and 40 respectively. Article DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.20319/mijst.2016. s11.91102 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
The Effect of Unemployment on Life and Satisfaction An Analysis for Switzerland in its Cultural Diversity

The effect of individual unemployment on life satisfaction has been of particular interest in the empirical research of happiness economics. This study aims to investigate this effect in Switzerland taking into account different cultures within the country in order to detect possible differences of the impact. A thorough analysis is conducted by analyzing next to life satisfaction, the effect of unemployment on other satisfaction domains, such as financial satisfaction or satisfaction with free time. The data comes from the Swiss Household Panel, where the waves from 2000 to 2007 are used. The empirical analysis uses several models, which differently deal with an ordered dependent variable in a panel data setting. It is found that unemployment has a significant negative effect on life satisfaction, where no clear differences between regions could be detected; men in the non-Germanspeaking part of Switzerland seem to be slightly more affected. The difference between men and women appears to be larger. Satisfaction with the financial situation is also negatively affected by unemployment, whereas the impact on satisfaction with free time is strongly positive. Swiss German men and women are clearly more badly affected when it comes to depression. No effect of unemployment on other health domains is found.
Overview of Serum Interleukin-18 (IL-18) Levels in Liver Cirrhosis Patients and Their Correlation to Hepatic Encephalopathy

Background: The inflammatory process has an important role in the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in liver cirrhosis. IL-18 is a key mediator who plays a role in neuroinflamation processes that can lead to symptoms of HE. This study aimed to determine serum IL-18 levels in liver cirrhosis patients and to assess the association of serum IL-18 levels with HE. Method: A total of 52 subjects (32 patients with liver cirrhosis and 20 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. 32 patients with liver cirrhosis will be assessed for HE based on West-Haven criteria. All subjects were examined for serum IL-18 levels which is measured by ELISA method. We performed a comparative analysis between serum IL-18 levels of liver cirrhosis patients and healthy controls, a correlation analysis between serum IL-18 levels and HE, and a comparative analysis of serum IL-18 levels among degrees of HE. Results: Mean serum IL-18 levels in the liver cirrhosis group were 688.5 ± 674.3 pg/ml, and in the healthy controls group were 163.9 ± 100 pg/mL with p value = 0.01 (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between IL-18 and HE (r = 0.85, p = 0.00). Serum IL-18 levels in covert and overt HE groups were significantly higher than those without HE (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Serum IL-18 levels were significantly higher in liver cirrhosis patients than in healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between IL-18 and HE. Serum IL-18 levels in liver cirrhosis patients with HE were significantly higher than those without HE.
Effect of previous water conditions on vine response to rewatering

A comparative study of stomatal responses to rewatering was conducted on grapevines previously subjected to conditions of water stress and no water stress. Two cultivars were grown in 35 L lysimeters: 'Airen', from the dry zone of La Mancha, and 'Chardonnay', from the humid zone of Burgundy. The day after rewatering no significant differences in soil water content were found between water treatments or cultivars. However, predawn leaf water potential was significantly higher under non-stress than under stressed conditions, differences between cultivars were also found. Water consumption during the 5 d after rewatering was directly related to vine leaf area development. Vines grown under water stress conditions showed more uniform stomatal behaviour after rewatering. One day after rewatering rates of leaf conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis were significantly higher in non-stressed vines, while 3 d after rewatering leaf conductance and transpiration were significantly higher in vines previously subjected to water stress. Net photosynthesis was significantly higher in water-stressed vines 5 d after rewatering. No differences were found between cultivars with regard to leaf conductance. The differences in the relationship between net photosynthesis and leaf conductance between stressed and non-stressed vines before rewatering were not found after rewatering. The only permanent adaptation mechanism to water stress was a lowering of leaf area development, which allowed water-stressed vines to consume less water to maintain a higher water availability and high or constant stomatal conductance.
Physically-based distributed hydrological model calibration based on a short period of streamflow data: case studies in two Chinese basins

Physically-based distributed hydrological models are widely used for hydrological simulations in various environments. However, as with conceptual models, they are limited in data-sparse basin by the lack of streamflow data for calibration. Short periods of observational data (less than 1 year) may be obtained from the fragmentary historical records of past-existed gauging stations or from temporary gauging during field surveys, which might be of values for model 10 calibration. This study explored how the use of limited continuous daily streamflow data might support the application of a physically-based distributed model in data-sparse basins. The influence of the length of observation period on the calibration of the widely applied Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was evaluated in two Chinese basins with differing climatic and geophysical characteristics. The evaluations were conducted by comparing calibrations based on short periods of data with calibrations based on data from a 3-year period, which were treated as benchmark calibrations for the two basins. To 15 ensure the differences in the model simulations solely come from differences in the calibration data, the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Analysis scheme was employed for the automatic calibration and uncertainty analysis. In both basins, contrary to the common understanding of the need for observations over a period of several years, data records with lengths of less than 1 year were shown to calibrate the model effectively, i.e. performances similar to the benchmark calibrations were achieved. The model of wet Jinjiang Basin could be effectively calibrated using a shorter data record (1 month), 20 compared with the arid Heihe Basin (6 months). Even though the two basins are very different, the results demonstrated that data from the wet season and wetter years performed better that data from the dry season and drier year. The results of this study demonstrated that short periods of observations could be a promising solution to the problem of calibration of physically-based distributed hydrological models in data-sparse basins and further researches similar to this study are required to gain more general understandings about the optimum number of observations needed for calibration when such 25 model are applied to real data-sparse basins.
Top Paper Panel

This paper discusses how the complex needs of children on the autism spectrum have informed research and clinical practice in early autism interventions. In addition to the efficacy of a given approach in improving children's social, communicative, or adaptive behaviors, the costs associated with each treatment are also of great importance. Because children with autism present with a variety of different strengths and challenges, this paper will also discuss the developmental domains that each treatment is most capable of supporting. There is a strong focus in this paper on promoting the use of evidence-based practices, even though there is not necessarily a one-size-fits-all approach to providing intervention to children with autism and similar developmental disorders.
Economic and Technological Importance of Innovations in Large Family and Founder Firms: An Analysis of Patent Data

Prior research has analyzed R&D spending in family and founder firms. Yet, little is known about the economic and technological importance of innovations in these types of firms. Using patent citation data, we show that founder-managed firms, which we argue favor an entrepre-neurial orientation, receive more patent citations when compared to other firms, even controlling for R&D spending. By contrast family-managed firms, many of which, we argue, pursue socio-emotional wealth for the family, receive fewer patent citations compared to other firms, again, controlling for R&D spending. Patent citations have been shown in the literature to reflect the economic and technological importance of innovations.
Utilizing pioneer species as a hydrological nurse crop to lower water table for reforestation of poorly drained boreal sites

Dans les stations froides et humides de la foret boreale, le haut niveau du plan d'eau et les conditions d'anaerobie du sol sont defavorables au reboisement en epicea blanc. Une experimentation en milieu controle a permis de determiner les reponses physiologiques et morphologiques d'une espece herbacee Calamagrostis canadensis et de deux arbustes, Salix planifolia et Alnus crispa, au niveau du plan d'eau et a la temperature du sol, et d'evaluer leur capacite a abaisser le niveau du plan d'eau sur stations humides. Les trois especes tendent a mieux se developper avec les traitements ou la temperature du sol est plus elevee avec drainage mediocre ; mais C. canadensis presente un developpement de surface foliaire nettement plus grand dans des conditions de sol proches de la saturation. De meme, pour C. canadensis et A. crispa on enregistre les taux de transpiration les plus eleves pour les traitements sol chaud et drainage mediocre. Par contre, S. planifolia manifeste un maximum de transpiration avec une temperature du sol de 5 °C. Nous suggerons que C. canadensis peut jouer le role d'espece nurse hydrologique sur ces stations humides ; mais compte tenu des problemes de concurrence, on devrait preferer les arbustes, et en particulier S. planifolia.
Two Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms for Posterior Measures with Non-Gaussian Priors in Infinite Dimensions

We introduce two classes of Metropolis-Hastings algorithms for sampling target measures that are absolutely continuous with respect to non-Gaussian prior measures on infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. In particular, we focus on certain classes of prior measures for which prior-reversible proposal kernels of the autoregressive type can be designed. We then use these proposal kernels to design algorithms that satisfy detailed balance with respect to the target measures. Afterwards, we introduce a new class of prior measures, called the Bessel-K priors, as a generalization of the gamma distribution to measures in infinite dimensions. The Bessel-K priors interpolate between well-known priors such as the gamma distribution and Besov priors and can model sparse or compressible parameters. We present concrete instances of our algorithms for the Bessel-K priors in the context of numerical examples in density estimation, finite-dimensional denoising and deconvolution on the circle.
Sequential Bargaining with Incomplete Information and Endogenous Reference Points

We study the role of reference-dependent preferences on the outcome of a negotiation between an uninformed seller and reference-dependent consumers. The results of our model show that loss aversion combined with an endogenous reference point causes more consumers to purchase in the first stage of the negotiation. The surplus for low-valuation consumers increases. As more consumers buy at higher prices, the profit of the seller increases. These results are driven by the ability of the seller to manipulate the consumer’s reference point.
Second duals of measure algebras

Let A be a Banach algebra. Then there are two natural products on the second dual A′′ of A arising from left and right translations by elements of A; they are called the Arens products; we denote these products by and ♦, respectively. For definitions and discussions of these products, see [2], [4], and [5], for example. We briefly recall the definitions. For a ∈ A, λ ∈ A′, and Φ ∈ A′′, define λ · a and a · λ in A′ by
Dynamics of the Energy Relaxation and Decoherence of a Photon-Atom Bound State in an Anisotropic Photonic Crystal

An atom embedded inside photonic crystals can form a photon-atom bound state if the emission frequency of the excited atom is lying inside the photonic-band gap of photonic crystals. We studied the dynamics of the energy relaxation and decoherence of a QPAB, qubit made by a photon-atom bound state in photonic crystals. Dynamics of these measurements are solved analytically through the fractional calculus which has been shown to be appropriate mathematical method for the optical systems with non-Markovian dynamics. From these dynamics, we find that the losses of energy, coherence, and information of a QPAB are inhibited. As compared with those qubits without forming photon-atom bound states, the energy relaxation and decoherence rates of these QPABs are strongly suppressed. Other systems suitable for realizing these properties are discussed.
Symptoms of ADHD are related to education and work experience among incarcerated adults

Several reports document increased prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) and similar symptoms in incarcerated members of the community, but little is known about how the symptoms are related to education and work experience. An ongoing study among Norwegian inmates reveals that 60 % report signs of ADHD. In the present study a sample of 600 inmates incarcerated in Norway filled out a questionnaire including the WURS-k (Wender Utah Rating Scale, short form) and questions to survey completed education level and work experience. A clear relationship was found between the WURS-k score and earlier job-experience, with increased probability of ADHD with work experience from low socio-economic status jobs. The scale was also found to share variance with the inmates’ reported education history, as higher education reduces the probability of ADHD among the incarcerated adults. Thus, the WURS-k could be a useful screening instrument in education assessment among inmates. The link between the present findings and development of anti-social behaviour is discussed.
A Study on the Optimized Test Condition of Lock-in IR Thermography by Image Processing

In this study, it was studies the utilization of LIT(lock-in infrared thermography) which can detect defects in welded parts of ship and offshore structures. Quantitative analysis was used through methods of filtering and texture measurement of image processing techniques to find the optimized experimental condition. We verified reliability in our methods by applying image processing techniques in order to normalize evaluations of comparative images that show phase difference. In addition, low to mid exposure showed good results whereas high exposure did not provide significant results in regards to intensity of light exposure on surface. Lock-in frequency was satisfactory around 0.1 Hz regardless of intensity of light source we had. In addition, having the integration time of thermography camera inversely proportional to intensity of exposed light source during the experiment allowed good outcome of results.
Fifty years of fertilization experiments on Pinus pinaster in southwest France: the importance of phosphorus as a fertilizer.

Data from 50 years of fertilization trials on Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) were compiled to investigate how growth was affected by fertilization or improved nutrient availability. The results demonstrated that only trees fertilized with phosphorus (P) fertilizers showed an overall improvement in productivity. The effects were significant mainly at wetter sites and were less effective at drier sites. The form of P fertilizer does not seem to be important, and a rate of about 17-35 kg of P ha 1 applied as a single dose at stand establishment was found to be sufficient to obtain a significant improvement in growth. Foresters can expect an increase of 20-40% cumulative volume at rotation age or a reduction of 4-5 years in rotation length due to fertilization with P. The duration of the effect of P fertilization on the annual increment varied (up to 20 years after application in the best cases). The high P-fixing capacity of these soils appears to be the most important factor in explaining differential responsiveness to P fertilizers, but stand developmental stage or the appearance of other limitations such as nitrogen may also explain the decline in the effectiveness of P fertilization with age. FOR . S CI. 55(5): 390-402.
Effects Of Topical Heterologous Blood Serum And Bovine Thrombin Activated Platelet Rich Plasma On Experimental Corneal Stromal Ulcers In Rabbit

Nowadays there is an increasing prevalence of the use of autologous blood products to facilitate healing in a variety of applications. Corneal ulcers due to trauma and burns are one of the most common ocular disorders in animals that if not cured might progress to vision impairments, ocular perforation and blindness. In this research we tried to evaluate a better method to replace the current therapies in purpose to decrease the healing period, and to improve the quality of vision retained after healing. We decided to evaluate the effects of platelet derived growth factors in combination with heterologous serum droplets on the rate and quality of healing. We adopted of negative control (5) positive control (10) treatment (10) groups totally comprised of 25 adult male rabbits weighing 2±200 g. Then by means of a probe able to produce uniform corneal ulcers in cornea made an ulcer on central cornea of each animal. Then we placed pre prepared activated PRP on the ulcer and administered daily heterologous serum. In positive control group we used chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and nafazoline ophthalmic drops. In negative control group stilled water drops were administered. The remaining days every 3 groups were evaluated for 35 days for the vision retainement and took daily photos. Finally in all photos ulcer diameter and ulcerated area opacity, vision, conjunctivitis and corneal edema were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed that treatment group in compare with other two groups significantly has repaired and shortened diametrically sooner and gained better vision and least oedema and least scar production. It seems this new method for treating ulcers in the body specially those on the cornea will do better than other traditional methods and help our animals back to sweet life with clearer vision.
Individual differences in prejudice and associative versus rule‐based forms of transitive reasoning

Two experiments examined whether individual differences in prejudice are associated with different reasoning styles when targets and nontargetsofprejudice are processed inthe samecontext. High‐prejudice and low‐prejudiceparticipantsstudied pairwiserelations between four persons (one a prejudice target, three nontargets). Stereotypes were made salient by using specific ethnic names and stereotypic traits to define relations between the targets. Relations between the persons were always stereotype congruent in Experiment 1, whereas they were sometimes stereotype incongruent in Experiment 2. We examined study time, relational memory, and transitive reasoning in both experiments. The results of both experiments indicated that the high‐prejudice participants studied sets of relations presented to them faster than did the low‐prejudice participants. The high‐prejudice participants were also more likely to show impaired relational memory and reasoning about nontarget persons but no such limitations with respect to target persons. This novel evidence that prejudice might substantially impair memory and transitive reasoning processes about nontarget persons is discussed in the light of alternative theoretical frameworks in the social cognition and emotion domains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill

We examined the potential role of food limitation in constraining the recovery of sea otters Enhydra lutris in Prince William Sound, Alaska, following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. The spill resulted in the removal of a large number of sea otters in 1989, and as of 1998, the portion of the pop- ulation in the heavily oiled northern Knight Island region had not fully recovered. Between 1996 and 1998, prey consumption rate was higher and the condition of sea otters was better at northern Knight Island than in an unoiled area of the sound (Montague Island). Estimates of prey energy available per unit mass of sea otter were about 4 times higher at Knight than Montague Island, albeit not signifi- cantly different between the 2 areas. Over this same period, the number of sea otters remained con- stant at northern Knight Island but increased at Montague Island. These data suggest that food was at least as abundant at Knight than at Montague Island, and that recovery of sea otters via intrinsic population growth was limited by factors other than food. However, the availability of food, the prey consumption rate, and the condition of sea otters were all much lower at both Knight and Montague Islands than in areas newly occupied by sea otters where the population growth rate was near the theoretical maximum. It is possible that the relatively short supply of food (compared to areas where sea otter population growth rate was high) may have inhibited immigration or interacted with other factors (e.g. oil-induced mortality or predation) to restrict sea otter population growth. Nonetheless, these data suggest that impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on large, often food-limited vertebrate predators can persist in spite of the availability of food resources that are sufficient for intrinsic population growth.