Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trap-nesting bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in areas of dry semideciduous forest and caatinga, Bahia, Brazil

In this study were examined the species richness and seasonal abundance of cavity-nesting bees in areas of dry semi-deciduous forest and caatinga in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Sampling was done employing two types of trap-nests: bamboo canes and tubes made of black cardboard with dimensions of either 58 x 6 mm or 105 x 8 mm. The traps were inspected once a month. One hundred and forty-six nests of 11 bee species were collected in the forest, and 121 nests of seven species were collected in the caatinga. Five species of cleptoparasitic bees were also reared from these nests. The highest nesting frequencies occurred in the wet season in both areas. Nests parasitism was important only for Centris tarsata Smith, 1874, and was higher at the caatinga site than in the forest. The mortality of pre-emergent adults was high, especially in C. tarsata,Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 and Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758). Information on the number of cells per nest, the size, shape, and arrangement of brood cells in the nests, as well as the number of adults produced and the number of generations per year are also presented. Species richness, temporal patterns of nesting, and percentage of parasitism were compared with other habitats.
The parsec-scale distributions of intensity, linear polarization and Faraday rotation in the core and jet of Mrk 501 at 8.4–1.6 GHz

Previous very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the nearby (z = 0.0337) active galactic nucleus (AGN) Mrk 501 have revealed a complex total-intensity structure with an approximately 90 ◦ misalignment between the jet orientations on parsec and kiloparsec scales. The jet displays a ‘spine’ of magnetic field orthogonal to the jet surrounded by a ‘sheath’ of magnetic field aligned with the jet. Mrk 501 is also one of a handful of AGN that are regularly detected at TeV energies, indicating the presence of high-energy phenomena in the core. However, multi-epoch analyses of the VLBI total-intensity structure have yielded only very modest apparent speeds for features in the VLBI jet. We investigate the total-intensity and linear-polarization structures of the parsec- to decaparsec-scale jet of Mrk 501 using VLBA observations at 8.4, 5, 2.2 and 1.6 GHz. The rotation-measure distribution displays the presence of a Faraday rotation gradient across an extended stretch of the jet, providing new evidence for a helical magnetic field associated with the jet of this AGN. The position of the radio core from the base of the jet follows the law r core(ν) ∝ ν −1.1±0.2 , consistent with the compact inner jet region being in equipartition. Hence, we estimate a magnetic field strength of ∼40 mG at a distance of 1 pc.
Beyond Regular Employment Contexts: The Transferability of Pay, Satisfaction and Performance Linkages to Internships.

Internship participation has undergone rapid expansion over the last three decades, to the point where today many interns and host organizations regard internships as the preferred pathway into entry-level professional positions. However, organizational research has largely neglected the investigation of internships as an employment context, thus a majority of established predictive relationships in the workplace remain untested within the context of internships, including, fundamental workplace causal relationships between pay, performance and satisfaction. This study collected data at three time intervals from 303 intern-supervisor matched pairs (n=606), to establish the transferability of these relationships to the unique employment setting of internships. Findings indicated that although payment level influenced intern satisfaction it did not play a significant role in influencing interns’ in-role performance, whereas internship satisfaction did positively impact intern performance. (Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 2015, 16(4), 267-278)
A Light-weight Multilevel Recoverable Container for Event-driven System: A Self-healing CPS Approach

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is regarded as a new technological revolution, which tightly integrates computing, communication, and control technologies, to build a kind of smart networked distributed embedded control system. CPS is designed to interact autonomously with the volatile external environment, which implies that the requirements is constantly changing during run-time. So guaranteeing the reliability of system becomes extremely difficult. Flexible self-healing mechanisms are needed urgently to improve the reliability and availability of CPS. This paper presents a light-weight container-based virtualization for event-driven CPS. By providing a unique run-time stack for each application, the container isolates faults and limits the effect of failures. Furthermore, a multilevel fault detection and recovery method is integrated to protect applications and to limit the fault propagation. And the analysis shows the container has very low memory footprint (939 bytes) and constant performance overhead. Also the testing manifests that the multilevel recovery is high reliable on WCET violation failure recovery even if the application is not well designed or malicious. Keywords-CPS; Container-based virtualization; SelfHealing reliability; Availability; Fault Detection
A microstrip‐fed cavity‐backed circularly polarized horn antenna

A 20 GHz 2 × 2 subarray radiator of microstrip‐fed cavity‐backed circularly polarized horn is presented. Since horn antennas incorporating waveguide types of circular polarizers have big size of radiator height, microstrip feeding and polarization is proposed and cavity‐backed introduced to improve radiation performance. Two approaches of single and 2 × 2 subarray of horn are compared to be a basic radiation element of an array antenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2454–2456, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21952
Episodic nonstationarity in exchange rates

We examine a method recently proposed by Hinich and Patterson (mimeo, University of Texas at Austin, 1995) for testing the validity of specifying a GARCH error structure for financial time series data in the context of a set of ten daily Sterling exchange rates. The results demonstrate that there are statistical structures present in the data that cannot be captured by a GARCH model, or any of its variants. This result has important implications for the interpretation of the recent voluminous literature which attempts to model financial asset returns using this family of models.
Relational Practices and the Marginalization of Law: Informal Financial Practices of Small Businesses in Taiwan

There is a significant relationship between Taiwan’s rapid economic development and indigenous Taiwanese social practices and ideas about law. This relationship has generally been misconstrued or overlooked by much of the academic literature discussing Taiwan’s economic “miracle. ” Networks of interpersonal relationships have played a significant role in promoting economic development, while the ROC legal system has often been reduced to a role of enabling those relationships rather than establishing the kind of universal normative order often associated with the idea of a modern legal system. A substantial component of Taiwan’s economic development has taken place in the informal sector, outside the purview of the ROC legal system. This study is the first attempt to develop a systematic account of the marginalization of Taiwan’s modern legal system and the concomitant heightened significance of alternatives, such as networks of personal connections or informal surrogates for legal regulation, in contributing to Taiwan’s rapid economic development. The role played by the ROC legal system in indirectly supporting relational practices is not one that can readily be expressed in terms of legal theories constructed to account for the relationship between law and development in Western nations. The conflict between contemporary Taiwanese social reality and liberal-democratic theory, when recognized, is usually followed by exhortations for the Taiwanese system to further modernize, thus resolving any conflict in favor of the Western model. If, however, Taiwan’s system is not so much moving toward convergence with Western models as developing along alternative lines, then analyzing how formal legal institutions in Taiwan are marginalized may better explain processes of economic development and democratization in many nations outside the Western legal and political tradition.
Combination of three laboratory data as predictor of severe dengue in adults : a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Skin hydration decreases with aging. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a major protein that plays a role in skin hydration, therefore it is a novel target for skin moisturizing treatment. Retinoic acid (RA) as a well-known active agent in antiaging treatment increases AQP3 expression, but frequently causes harmful side effects. Asiaticoside, a saponin compound isolated from Centella asiatica (CA) is also known as an antiaging cosmetic and plays a role in wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of asiaticoside isolated from CA and the effect of RA on the AQP3 expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Methods An experimental laboratory study was performed using primary NHEKs that were derived from the foreskin of a boy. AQP3 expression in NHEKs was examined in vitro after the cells were incubated for 24 hours with asiaticoside or with RA at several concentrations. The AQP3 expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and quantitatively analyzed by Image-J software. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data, followed by post-hoc Tukey test. Results There was an increasing trend of AQP3 expression upon exposure to asiaticoside at all concentrations compared to the control group. However, RA exposure seemed to induce a higher level of AQP3 expression. Asiaticoside effected a lower increase in AQP3 expression in NHEKs than did RA (p=0.042). Optimal results were achieved at 1 mg/ml concentration of asiaticoside. Conclusions Asiaticoside isolated from CA can enhance the AQP3 expression in NHEKs. Therefore it can be used as an active ingredient in cosmetic moisturizer formulation for dry skin treatment.
Haus Piksa: The informal economy of film distribution in Papua New Guinea

An informal system of media distribution and screening has been established in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea via the haus piksa (village cinema). This article investigates how media distribution and screening are connected to the growing informal economy, the economic and social motivations of local entrepreneurs who have created spaces for viewing media, and the conoicting opinions about the social change they have brought to village communities. We draw conclusions about how this informal media infrastructure might be leveraged for development initiatives.
Does the Tax System Encourage Too Much Education?

This paper provides an efficiency argument in favor of progressive labor income taxation. When the consumer faces a trade-off between investments in financial and human capital, a proportional comprehensive income tax tends to discriminate in favor of human capital investments. This effect is strengthened when education no longer is a pure investment, but also holds a direct consumption value.
Market Size, Local Sourcing and Policy Competition for Foreign Direct Investment

This paper analyzes policy competition for a foreign-owned monopolist firm between two asymmetric countries. In particular, one country has a larger economy than the other country does. At the same time, the small country produces an intermediate good for the final good production, while the large country does not. We show that whether a country will win FDI competition is determined by the interaction between relative transport costs of intermediate and final goods and the market size of the large country relative to that of the small country; and policy competition for FDI may Pareto improve the welfare of the competing countries.
Importance of biological parameters in assessing the status of Delphinus delphis

Short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis in the eastern North Atlantic (ENA) are subject to mortality due to entanglement in various types of fishing gear. However, for this region, there is no population-level information available on trends in abundance, (incidental) mortality rates or even the actual distributional range. Working under the assumption that only 1 population exists in ENA waters, the current study presents basic life history data and investigates whether biological information obtained from postmortem data is, in itself, useful for managing this population. Life his- tory parameters were estimated by analysing postmortem data obtained over a 16 yr period by UK, Irish, French, Galician (northwest Spain) and Portuguese stranding and bycatch observer pro- grammes. An annual pregnancy rate of 26%, a calving interval of 3.79 yr, an average age attained at sexual maturity of 8.22 yr and an average length at sexual maturity of 188 cm were determined. With respect to the findings based solely on mortality data, significance testing failed to detect differences that could be construed as evidence of the population exhibiting what might be density-dependent compensatory responses. The low annual pregnancy rate reported throughout the sampling period may suggest either that the level of anthropogenic mortality did not cause a substantial population level decline, or a prey base declining at approximately the same rate as the dolphin population. However, this approach alone does not facilitate an assessment of the current state of the D. delphis population in the ENA. Population abundance estimates, trends in abundance and knowledge of fac- tors that affect the dynamics of the population, such as annual mortality rates in fisheries, temporal variations in prey abundance and effects of contaminants on reproductive activity, are required not only to set management objectives, but also to give context to cross-sectional life history information.
The Threat of Trematodes to the California Newt (Taricha torosa)

In North America, high incidences of malformed amphibians have led to studies into the causes and ecological implications of this phenomenon on already threatened amphibian populations. Current research suggests that the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae is responsible for inducing malformations in many amphibian hosts. My research investigates whether Ribeiroia induces malformations in the California newt, Taricha torosa, and whether these malformations contribute to newt population declines. This study utilizes field data and preserved biological specimens of California newts collected from 2007 to 2009 at Hog Lake in Hopland, CA. Partitioning of the lake into two sides and experimental elevation of trematode density in one side of the pool allowed for investigation of these hypotheses. Linear regression of the average number of newt malformations to the average parasite load per year yielded an R 2 of 0.73, supporting a positive correlation between parasite levels and malformation prevalence. Though a significant difference was found in parasite load between the experiment and control sides of the lake (p < 0.0001), a significant difference was not found in malformation proportions (p = 0.4495). The linear regression slope of average newt density over time was higher for the control side (b = -0.01970, ± 0.01497) than the experiment (b = -0.22853, ± 0.05099) indicating that newt mortality was higher in the experiment side. The difference in mortality cannot be attributed to a difference in malformation proportions, but it could be explained by the difference in parasite load, suggesting that the increased mortality could be due to direct exposure to infection. Overall, it is impossible to say with certainty whether or not Ribeiroia trematodes pose a significant threat to Taricha torosa newts.
Genetic Diversity in Different Populations of Mahseer (Tor putitora) in Pakistan: A RAPD Based Study

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based PCR amplification of nuclear DNA was carried out from collected samples of Golden mahseer (Tor putitora: Hamilton, 1822) from Rivers Poonch, Jhelum and Mangla Reservoir of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Rivers Swat, Indus (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) and Hingol (Baluchistan) of Pakistan. A total of 197 bands were generated by 16 RAPD primers with 87.73% polymorphic and 43.75% unique bands. Swat River’s population exhibited the highest level of polymorphism and held the highest genetic diversity (73%) followed by population of Mangla reservoir (57%), River Indus (54.31%), River Jhelum (44.67%), River Poonch (37.06%) and River Hingol (2.03%). Heterogeneity (Ht, 0.19), genetic diversity within population (Hs, 0.13), between populations (Dst, 0.05) and genetic differentiation constant (Gst, 0.022) were low. Gene flow between populations (3.22) was high. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) ascribed higher variability (79%) within population factors. UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic similarities and distances separated two main clusters of populations; cluster one subdivided into two; 1) were identified the populations of Poonch River, Jhelum River and Mangla Reservoir, and 2) swat River and Indus River. Population of Hingol River was appeared as the second cluster. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers
The Effects of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Returns in the Jordanian Stock Market

This study investigated the effects of six macroeconomic variables on the stock returns in the Jordanian financial market between 1976 and 2016 using annual data. The study used the stock return data for 218 companies listed on the market and the quarterly data of the six macroeconomic variables (Industrial production, interest rates, money supply, inflation, GDP, import prices). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed for the estimations. The reason to test these models in the Jordanian stock market was motivated by the fact that the returns of shares in the Arab markets in general do not follow the normal distribution. The results of the estimated ARDL model revealed that the industrial production has a statistically significant effect on the returns of shares at a significant level of 1 percent, and in line with the hypothesis of the study because the relationship was positive. The effect of the money supply on the stock returns is statistically significant, (positive impact of money supply on stock returns), while the impact of import prices was negative and statistically significant on the stock returns. This work has found that it is imperative to search for new markets for the disposal of Jordanian products, and not rely on traditional markets only such as Gulf markets, the Iraqi market, this requires policies to strengthen and support the role of local industries, to develop global quality requirements, and to develop preferential features for products to be compared with those in other foreign markets.
Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: Model evaluations and sensitivity analyses

The temperature dependence of monoterpene emission varies among monoterpenes, plant species, and other factors, but a simple exponential relationship between emission rate (E) and leaf temperature (T), E = Es [exp (β(T - Ts))], provides a good approximation. A review of reported measurements suggests a best estimate of β = 0.09 K-1 for all plants and monoterpenes. Isoprene emissions increase with photosynthetically active radiation up to a saturation point at 700-900 μmol m-2 s-1. An exponential increase in isoprene emission is observed at leaf temperatures of less than 30°C. Emissions continue to increase with higher temperatures until a maximum emission rate is reached at about 40°C, after which emissions rapidly decline. This temperature dependence can be described by an enzyme activation equation that includes denaturation at high temperature. -from Authors
Teenagers' Thoughts about their Cultural Identity through English Writing

Teenagers’ Thoughts about their Cultural Identity through English Writing es un proyecto para comprender y utilizar el ingles como lengua extranjera como un medio para comunicar ideas y pensamientos sobre la identidad cultural de los estudiantes. Este articulo presenta los resultados de este proyecto que surgio de nuestro interes por construir la identidad cultural de los estudiantes y todo lo que implica, utilizando la escritura y Blogs mas especificos, como una herramienta para interactuar y compartir estas ideas. Llevamos a cabo nuestra intervencion pedagogica como practicas de ensenanza necesarias para completar el curso de estudio en EFL. Durante estas practicas de ensenanza, pudimos observar el proceso de aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en nuestros estudiantes. Tambien nos dimos cuenta de sus dificultades de aprendizaje cuando comenzaron a escribir y, lo que es mas importante, nos damos cuenta de la falta de conocimiento cultural en nuestros estudiantes. La caracteristica mas comun fue su falta de motivacion para comenzar a escribir ya que los estudiantes escribian sobre temas aleatorios que no estan en el contexto e interes de los estudiantes.
murah, dan berbagai strategi lainnya, yang tujuannya untuk menarik minat konsumen membeli produknya atau melakukan transaksi di tokonya. Salah satu strategi pengusaha ritel yang sekarang marak dilakukan

In the world of retailing, retailers compete by performing a variety of strategies, which are now commonplace, Private Label Brands / PLBs, this brand of products designed and developed using the name of the retailer in question and only sold by the company , is replaced with a brand in other stores so that helps retailers in controlling the flow of consumer loyalty and establish a store and a project "at a lower price image" of retailers and manufacturers improve bergaining power of national brands.
Spatial-temporal distribution and recruitment of Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca) on a sandstone bank in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

We examined aspects of the population ecology of the gastropod Stramonita haemastoma at Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. We collected monthly from October 2007 through September 2008 on a sandstone bank 1.5 km long, on which two points and two sampling levels were defined. We took five previously randomised replicates at each level, using a square enclosing an area of 0.0625 m2. The snails were photographed, counted, and measured at the site. Both recruits and other individuals in the population preferentially inhabit the regions closer to the lower shore, where they are submerged for longer periods and are less subject to physiological stresses caused by temperature variation and desiccation. The cracks and holes in the bank serve as refuges and places for S. haemastoma to lay their egg capsules. Recruits were observed throughout the study period, and the population showed continuous reproduction.