Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in multiple unit activity of the brain during the estrous cycle.

Electrical activity of the brain during the critical period in the rat was examined throughout the estrous cycle, using chronically implanted macro-micro electrodes. Slight circadian rhythms were observed in the basal level of the integrated multiple unit activity (MUA) in the basal hypothalamus and forebrain limbic area. In addition to these changes, a gradual increase of MUA in the basal hypothalamus was observed during the evening of diestrus day 2, while there was no change in the forebrain limbic preoptic area. However, a characteristic elevated pattern of MUA appeared for 12 to 25 min during the critical period (2 p.m. to 4 p.m.), both in the basal hypothalamus and forebrain limbic preoptic area, i.e., in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), medial preoptic area (MPO), septum (SEPT), amygdala (AMYG) and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST). The episodes of the characteristic pattern were also observed in the basal hypothalamus on the afternoons of diestrus day 2 and estrus, as well as in the forebrain limbic preoptic area on the day of estrus. To determine the possible relationship between the characteristic pattern and gonadotrophin release, electrochemical stimulation was applied to the areas of the brain where the characteristic pattern was observed during the critical period. Ovulation could be induced by stimulation of the ARC, MPO, SEPT, AMYG, and BST, but not by stimulation of the reticular formation (RF) and hippocampus (HPC). Furthermore, the results shed light on the facilitatory and inhibitory effects of progesterone on ovulation and the onset of the critical period.
Blood Pressure in Female and Male Rats Following Ventromedial Hypothalamic Lesions Placed at Four Different Ages.∗

Summary 1. Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions placed in female and male rats at the age of 21 and 26 days respectively, prevented the rise of blood pressure normally observed in intact rats of this age; lesions placed at the age of 59, 75 and 140 days did not show this effect. 2. Rats that had been lesioned at 59, 75 and 140 days of age ingested more sodium than their respective intact controls; this was more pronounced in the female rats than in the male animals. 3. The increased sodium intake due to hypothalamic hyperphagia may be responsible for the alleviation of the hypotensive effect of the lesions resulting from neuroendocrine deficiencies. 4. The fact that ventromedial lesions prevented blood pressure and adrenal weight from attaining magnitudes appropriate for intact controls in weanling rats only, i.e., during a phase of most active growth, suggests that the lesions interfered with the finer neuroendocrine regulation of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and perhaps growth hormone.
Working Paper No. 52, 'Addressing labour market segmentation: The role of labour law'

Labour market segmentation is problematic because of its links to poor job quality, inequality and discrimination, on the one hand, and inefficiency in resource allocations, on the other. Segmentation is the result of contractual ordering which is often privately efficient but socially sub-optimal. The law largely reflects the economics forces and social norms which give rise to segmentation, but can amplify and perpetuate its effects. The rise of atypical employment in some contexts and of informal employment in others is at least in part a response to the emergence of the standard employment relationship or SER as a legal model and normative benchmark for certain aspect of labour law, in particular employment protection legislation. Attempts to counter segmentation and informality by extending the scope of the SER, on the one hand, and by accepting atypical forms but aligning them more closely with the SER, on the other, have met with limited success. The most successful strategies for labour law reform are those based on an integrated policy approach in which some flexibilisation of employment protection rules is combined with complementary mechanisms for mutualising labour market risks, including collective bargaining, workplace social dialogue, work-life balance laws, work sharing arrangements, targeted fiscal reforms, and active labour market policy.
Theory and physiology of meditation

In Spain, meditation is generally considered to be one more relaxation method amongst many used in psychotherapy. Nevertheless, an extensive body of experimental findings affirms that meditation has cognitive, physiological and psychotherapeutic characteristics that clearly differentiate it from other relaxation methods insofar as its origin, generic and specific effects, forms and methods of application. Meditation can produce distinctive effects on the nervous system, especially in the long run, thus providing opportunities for therapeutic use in clinical psychology. This �clinical meditation� is the object of experimental investigation in biological psychology and is not to be confused with meditation as an exercise in mystic and religious disciplines.
Alendronate stimulation of nocturnal parathyroid hormone secretion: a mechanism to explain the continued improvement in bone mineral density accompanying alendronate therapy.

The major effect of currently available antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis is to slow or arrest bone loss. Although antiresorptive therapies demonstrate increases in bone mineral density, the effect is usually transient, and a plateau in bone mineral density usually emerges at 1 year. A unique and unexplained feature of treatment with the antiresorptive agent alendronate is continued, and steady improvement in bone mineral density occurs in years 2 and 3. We postulated that a potential mechanism for this unanticipated effect might be an exaggerated nocturnal increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH), which can act as an anabolic agent. We examined day-night levels and diurnal variation of PTH, serum calcium, ionized calcium, and markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) and resorption (N-telopeptide cross-links) over 24 hours in a randomly selected subset of 38 women (placebo: N = 13; mean age +/- SD, 69 +/- 3 years; alendronate: N = 25; mean age +/- SD, 69 +/- 3 years) who had completed 12 to 15 months of a larger (N = 120), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with alendronate, 5 mg/day. By month 12, increases in the bone density of the spine (4.6%) and femoral neck (2.7%) were observed in the group treated with alendronate compared with placebo, (spine, 2.2%, p = .05; femoral neck, -0.2%, p < or = .05). Mean nocturnal PTH (10 PM-8 AM) was 21% higher (39 versus 32 pg/ml), and nocturnal serum calcium averaged 3% lower (8.7 versus 9.0 mg/dL) in the alendronate-versus-placebo group (both p < or = .05). Daytime levels (8 AM-10 PM) of PTH did not differ significantly between groups. We observed accompanying decreases in coupled markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, 38% lower, p < or = .01) and resorption (N-telopeptide cross-links, 50% lower, p < or = .01) in the alendronate group. Significant diurnal variations of PTH, serum calcium, and osteocalcin were present in both groups. We conclude that following 1 year of alendronate therapy, women have significant increases in bone mineral density and in nocturnal PTH levels, associated with decreases in nocturnal serum calcium and markers of bone turnover with maintenance of the diurnal variation. The nocturnal increase in PTH may mimic the anabolic effect of low-dose intermittent PTH administration to stimulate bone formation. Therefore, the increase might be a potential mechanism to explain the continued improvement in bone density following more than 1 year of alendronate therapy.
Characterization of metabolic differences between benign and malignant tumors: high-spectral-resolution diffuse optical spectroscopy.

PURPOSE To develop a near-infrared spectroscopic method to identify breast cancer biomarkers and to retrospectively determine if benign and malignant breast lesions could be distinguished by using this method. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was HIPAA compliant and was approved by the university institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained. By using self-referencing differential spectroscopy (SRDS) analysis, the existence of specific spectroscopic signatures of breast lesions on images acquired by using diffuse optical spectroscopy imaging in the wavelength range (650-1000 nm) was established. The SRDS method was tested in 60 subjects (mean age, 38 years; age range, 22-74 years). There were 17 patients with benign breast tumors and 22 patients with malignant breast tumors. There were 21 control subjects. RESULTS Discrimination analysis helped separate malignant from benign tumors. A total of 40 lesions (22 malignant and 18 benign) were analyzed. Twenty were true-positive lesions, 17 were true-negative lesions, one was a false-positive lesion, and two were false-negative lesions (sensitivity, 91% [20 of 22]; specificity, 94% [17 of 18]; positive predictive value, 95% [20 of 21]; and negative predictive value, 89% [17 of 19]). CONCLUSION The SRDS method revealed localized tumor biomarkers specific to pathologic state.
Drivers ’ hand positions on the steering wheel while using Adaptive Cruise Control ( ACC ) and driving without the system

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an Advanced Driver Assistance System that maintains a predefined speed and headway to the vehicle in front. Despite the expected benefits, the effects of ACC usage on drivers’ behaviour are not completely identified yet. In this context, the present study was performed to investigate drivers’ perceived risk and mental workload associated with the usage of ACC, through the measurement of drivers’ hand positions (high, medium, and low) on the steering wheel. In addition, the study also aimed to understand the effect of sensation seeking on the drivers’ hand position. A study was conducted in a driving simulator, with 26 participants who drove twice, once with ACC and once manually, along the same route. Using Wilcoxon exact test, the results showed that the percentage of high and low hand position on the steering wheel did not change while driving with ACC or manually. Besides, no differences were found between the ACC driving condition and the manual driving condition on self-reported experienced mental workload and perceived risk. However, the score on the sensation seeking questionnaire was related to the hand positions selected by the participants.
Signatures of selection in the Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) revealed by a genome scan analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms

Understanding the genetic mechanisms of adaptive population divergence is one of the most fundamental endeavours in evolutionary biology and is becoming increasingly important as it will allow predictions about how organisms will respond to global environmental crisis. This is particularly important for the honey bee, a species of unquestionable ecological and economical importance that has been exposed to increasing human‐mediated selection pressures. Here, we conducted a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based genome scan in honey bees collected across an environmental gradient in Iberia and used four FST‐based outlier tests to identify genomic regions exhibiting signatures of selection. Additionally, we analysed associations between genetic and environmental data for the identification of factors that might be correlated or act as selective pressures. With these approaches, 4.4% (17 of 383) of outlier loci were cross‐validated by four FST‐based methods, and 8.9% (34 of 383) were cross‐validated by at least three methods. Of the 34 outliers, 15 were found to be strongly associated with one or more environmental variables. Further support for selection, provided by functional genomic information, was particularly compelling for SNP outliers mapped to different genes putatively involved in the same function such as vision, xenobiotic detoxification and innate immune response. This study enabled a more rigorous consideration of selection as the underlying cause of diversity patterns in Iberian honey bees, representing an important first step towards the identification of polymorphisms implicated in local adaptation and possibly in response to recent human‐mediated environmental changes.
Demonologies in Contemporary Legends and Panics Satanism and Babyparts Stories

Le satanisme est la craintes americaine qui succede a celle des sectes, du sadisme de l'Halloween, de la disparition des enfants et des tueurs en serie. Les croisades morales, les groupes qui interpretent les anomalies, les fictions filmees expliquent en partie comment les legendes se developpent, deviennent « vraies » et engendrent la panique. Les viols et les meurtres d'enfants refletent la haine de l'autre dont les anciennes fables parlaient. Aujourd'hui est mis en avant la demiologie.
Genetic Analysis for Virulence Factors inEscherichia coli O104:H21 That Was Implicated in an Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Colitis

ABSTRACT Isolates of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of serotype O104:H21 implicated in a 1994 outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis in Montana were analyzed for the presence of trait EHEC virulence markers. By using a multiplex PCR that specifically amplifies several genes, the O104:H21 strains were found to carry only the Shiga toxin 2 gene (stx2) and to express Stx2. They did not have the eaeA gene for γ-intimin, which is typically found in O157:H7, or the α- or β-intimin derivatives, which are common in other EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes. Results of the multiplex PCR also indicated that the ehxA gene for enterohemolysin was absent from O104:H21. This, however, was not consistent with the results of a phenotypic assay that showed them to be hemolytic or a PCR analysis with another set ofehxA-specific primers, which indicated the presence ofehxA. To resolve this discrepancy, the ehxAregion in O104:H21 and O157:H7 strains, to which the multiplex PCR primers anneal, was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the sequences showed that the upstream primer binding site in the ehxAgene of O104:H21 was not identical to that of O157:H7. Specifically, there were several base mutations, including an A-to-G substitution at the 3′ end of the primer binding site. These base mutations are presumably not unique to O104:H21, since other enterohemolytic serotypes were also not detected with the ehxA primers used in the multiplex PCR. Comparison of the ehxA sequences of O104:H21 strains with those of other Stx-producing E. colistrains showed that they more closely resembled those of O8:H19 strains, which have cluster II ehxA genes, than those of O157:H7 strains, which have cluster I ehxA sequences. By modifying the upstream ehxA primer, the multiplex PCR was able to detect ehxA genes in both O157:H7 and O104:H21 strains.
Generation of viable human embryos in a protein-freeembryo culture (ART-7b) medium enhances clinicalpregnancy rate and prevents disease transmission inassisted reproduction

Objective: To perform a clinical trial to evaluate human embryos generated in the protein-free medium (PFM). Materials and methods: The quality of embryos generated in medium with (control; Medi-Cult) and without protein (test; ART-7b) and their viability were compared. Sperm was prepared in control or test media as appropriate. Effect of different antibiotic supplements in the PFM was investigated. The efficacy of the PFM following frozenstorage for 2 years was also determined. Investigations and clinical trial in the human were performed with approval of the hospital management. Results: The fertilization rate and the quality of embryos (IVF and ICSI) in the test PFM were either statistically higher or similar in comparison to control medium containing protein. The clinical pregnancy rate from embryos generated in the PFM (with +ve fetal heart beat) was 54.7% (52/95) in women 39 years and below. The clinical pregnancy rate from embryos generated in frozen-thawed PFM or that supplemented with different antibiotics was similar to fresh test medium. Conclusion: An efficacious PFM has been formulated which could be useful in the elimination of transmission of protein-bound pathogens and prions to IVF patients.
Lateralized speech perception in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners and its relationship to temporal processing

This study investigated the role of temporal fine structure (TFS) coding in spatially complex, lateralized listening tasks. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured in young normal-hearing (NH) and two groups of elderly hearing-impaired (HI) listeners in the presence of speech-shaped noise and different interfering talker conditions. The HI subjects had either a mild or moderate hearing loss above 1.5 kHz and reduced audibility was compensated for individually in the speech tests. The target and masker streams were presented as coming from the same or from the opposite side of the head by introducing 0.7-ms interaural time differences (ITD) between the ears. To assess the robustness of TFS coding, frequency discrimination thresholds (FDTs) and interaural phase difference thresholds (IPDTs) were measured at 250 Hz. While SRTs of the NH subjects were clearly better than those of the HI listeners, group differences in binaural benefit due to spatial separation of the maskers from the target remained small. Neither the FDT nor the IPDT tasks showed a clear correlation pattern with the SRTs or with the amount of binaural benefit, respectively. The results suggest that, although HI listeners with normal hearing in the low-frequency range might have elevated SRTs, the binaural benefit they experience due to spatial separation of competing sources can remain similar to that of NH listeners.
Atrial septostomy.

asthmatic patient's restlessness and irrational behaviour is due to his anoxaemia and hypercarbia and can be safely relieved only by adequate ventilation. So far as the actual management of status asthmaticus is concerned, I am again highly surprised to see so many experts putting such great accent on the use of corticosteroids without mention of the fundamental approach of hydration of the patient in status asthmaticus. This is imperative if we are to encourage the thinning out and eventual expectoration of the driedup secretions and mucous plugs. Undetected respiratory infections have been reported as one of the causes of death in bronchial asthma, and a high index of suspicion with prompt and adequate institution of an appropriate antibiotic therapy could save many lives. Finally, close follow-up of the clinical picture as well as frequent evaluation of the level of blood gases and the availability of a team of trained personnel for possible assisted respiration is invaluable if we are to do all in our power to save these patients. -I am, etc.,
Binding of visual and spatial short‐term memory in Williams syndrome and moderate learning disability

A main aim of this study was to test the claim that individuals with Williams syndrome have selectively impaired memory for spatial as opposed to visual information. The performance of 16 individuals with Williams syndrome (six males, 10 females; mean age 18y 7mo [SD 7y 6mo], range 9y 1mo‐30y 7mo) on tests of short‐term memory for item and location information was compared with that shown by individuals with moderate learning difficulties (12 males, four females; mean age 10y 3mo [SD 1y], range 8y 6mo‐11y 7mo) and typically developing children (six males, 10 females; mean age 6y 8mo [SD 7mo], range 5y 10mo‐7y 9mo) of an equivalent level of visuospatial ability. A second aim was to determine whether individuals had impaired ability to ‘bind’ visual spatial information when required to recall ‘item in location’ information. In contrast to previous findings, there was no evidence that individuals with Williams syndrome were more impaired in the spatial than the visual memory condition. However, individuals with both Williams syndrome and moderate learning difficulties showed impaired memory for item in location information, suggesting that problems of binding may be generally associated with learning disability. *
The dystrophin-associated protein complex.

The lethal muscle-wasting disorder, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is caused by mutations or deletions in the dystrophin gene. In skeletal and cardiac muscle, dystrophin associates with various proteins to form the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). The DAPC is thought to play a structural
A Delphi study of medical professionalism in Arabian countries: The Four-Gates model

Abstract Background: Medical professionalism has been described as a set of attributes and behaviors, yet the Western frameworks of medical professionalism may not resonate with the cultural values of non-Western countries. Aim: This study aims to formulate a professionalism framework for healthcare providers as interpreted by local medical professionals in Arabian countries. Methods: A purposive sample of 17 experts from diverse disciplines participated in a Delphi study in three rounds. Consensus was identified by content analysis and by numerical analysis of responses on the basic attributes of medical professionalism in Arabian context. Results: Eight professional traits were shortlisted and coupled in four themes (Gates): dealing with self, dealing with tasks, dealing with others and dealing with God. Self-accountability and self-motivation were interpreted from a faithful viewpoint as “taqwa” and “ehtesab”, respectively, in Arabic. Discussion: The Four-Gates Model helps in better understanding of medical professionalism as grounded in the minds and culture of Arabs. The model may act as a genuine framework for teaching and learning of medical professionalism in Arab medical schools. Conclusion: The study highlights the divergent interpretation of medical professionalism between Western and Arabian contexts. The Four-Gates Model may work for faith-driven societies, but not for non-Muslims Arabs students or teachers or in institutions with humanistic values.
Bioactive Tricalcium Silicate-based Dentin Substitute as an Indirect Pulp Capping Material for Primary Teeth: A 12-month Follow-up.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a bioactive tricalcium silicate [Ca3SiO5]-based dentin substitute and a light-activated calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]-based liner as indirect pulp treatment (IPT) interventions for vital primary molars with carious lesions approaching the pulp. METHODS Eighty children, aged four to eight years old, with 160 bilateral primary teeth without signs or symptoms of irreversibly inflamed or degenerative pulp tissue were treated in a split-mouth design trial comparing IPT using Ca3SiO5 or Ca(OH)2. The teeth were treated and restored with a preformed crown in a single session and assessed clinically and radiographically for one, three, six, and 12 months. RESULTS Sixty patients with 120 treated molars completed the 12-month evaluations. The combined clinical and radiographic success rates were 98.3 percent (59 out of 60) for Ca3SiO5 and 95 percent for Ca(OH)2 (57 out of 60). No significant differences were found for success rates between the two study groups (P>0.05). The combined success rates for both groups was 96.7 percent. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the indirect pulp treatment procedure with either a bioactive Ca3SiO5-based dentin substitute or a Ca(OH)2-based material may be considered a suitable treatment to achieve acceptable therapeutic results when applied on deeply carious primary teeth without degenerative symptoms.