Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
mpact of age , sex and exercise on brachial and popliteal rtery remodelling in humans

Objective: To examine the impact of age, sex and exercise on wall thickness and remodelling in the popliteal and brachial arteries. Methods: We compared wall thickness, lumen diameter and wall:lumen ratios in the brachial and popliteal arteries of 15 young (Y, 25.4 ± 0.8 yr; 7 M 8W) and 16 older sedentary (OS, 58.8 ± 1.1 yr; 8 M 8W) subjects, with 12 of the OS group also studied following 12 and 24 weeks exercise training. Results: Wall thickness and lumen diameter were higher in the popliteal than the brachial artery for both groups (P < 0.05); wall:lumen ratio was similar between arteries. Comparison of the Y and OS groups revealed no impact on wall thickness, whereas diameter values were higher in OS subjects (P < 0.05). Whilst there were no significant differences in wall thickness between men and women in the Y or OS groups, diameter was larger in men than in women for both arteries (P < 0.05). After 24 weeks of training the wall thickness of both arteries decreased (P < 0.01) and the wall:lumen ratio of the brachial (P < 0.01) and the popliteal (P < 0.05) decreased. Conclusion: The cross-sectional results suggest that ageing was associated with increased lumen diameter, although wall:lumen ratio remained unchanged. Wall:lumen ratio was higher in women than men, irrespective of subject age or the artery studied. This related primarily to differences in lumen diameter between the sexes, as wall thickness did not significantly differ between men and women. Our longitust tha umen dinal data strongly sugge wall thickness and wall:l
Interpolation and Approximation of Sparse Multivariate Polynomials over GF(2)

A function $f:\{ 0,1\} ^n \to \{ 0,1\} $ is called t-sparse if the n-variable polynomial representation of f over $GF(2)$ contains at most t monomials. Such functions are uniquely determined by their values at the so-called critical set of all binary n-tuples of Hamming weight $ \geqq n - \lfloor \log _2 t \rfloor - 1$. An algorithm is presented for interpolating any t-sparse function f, given the values of f at the critical set. The time complexity of the proposed algorithm is proportional to n, t, and the size of the critical set. Then, the more general problem of approximating 1-sparse functions is considered, in which case the approximating function may differ from f at a fraction $\varepsilon $ of the space $\{ 0,1\} ^n $. It is shown that $O(({t / \varepsilon }) \cdot n)$ evaluation points are sufficient for the (deterministic) $\varepsilon $-approximation of any t-sparse function, and that an order $(t / \varepsilon )^{\alpha (t,\varepsilon )} \cdot \log n$ points are necessary for this purpose, wh.
Familiarity with Big Data, Privacy Concerns, and Self-disclosure Accuracy in Social Networking Websites: An APCO Model

: Social networking websites have not only become the most prevalent communication tools in today’s digital age but also one of the top big data sources. Big data advocates promote the promising benefits of big data applications to both users and practitioners. However, public polls show evidence of heightened privacy concerns among Internet and social media users. We review the privacy literature based on protection motivation theory and the theory of planned behavior to develop an APCO model that incorporates novel factors that reflect users’ familiarity with big data. Our results, which we obtained from using a cross-sectional survey design and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, support most of our proposed hypotheses. Specifically, we found that that awareness of big data had a negative impact on and awareness of big data implications had a positive impact on privacy concerns. In turn, privacy concerns impacted self-disclosure concerns positively and self-disclosure accuracy negatively. We also considered other antecedents of privacy concerns and tested other alternative models to examine the mediating role of privacy concerns, to control for demographic variables, and to investigate different roles of the trust construct. Finally, we discuss the results of our findings and the theoretical and practical implications.
ClipR-59 Interacts with Elmo2 and Modulates Myoblast Fusion*

Background: ClipR-59 is implicated in the regulation of muscle function. Results: ClipR-59 knockdown in C2C12 cells blocks muscle differentiation. ClipR-59 interacts with Elmo2 to regulate Rac1 activation. Conclusion: ClipR-59 is required for myoblast fusion. Significance: Identification of ClipR-59 as a novel promoter of muscle differentiation through its ability to orchestrate Rac signaling. Recent studies using ClipR-59 knock-out mice implicated this protein in the regulation of muscle function. In this report, we have examined the role of ClipR-59 in muscle differentiation and found that ClipR-59 knockdown in C2C12 cells suppressed myoblast fusion. To elucidate the molecular mechanism whereby ClipR-59 regulates myoblast fusion, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen using ClipR-59 as the bait and identified Elmo2, a member of the Engulfment and cell motility protein family, as a novel ClipR-59-associated protein. We showed that the interaction between ClipR-59 and Elmo2 was mediated by the atypical PH domain of Elmo2 and the Glu-Pro-rich domain of ClipR-59 and regulated by Rho-GTPase. We have examined the impact of ClipR-59 on Elmo2 downstream signaling and found that interaction of ClipR-59 with Elmo2 enhanced Rac1 activation. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that formation of an Elmo2·ClipR-59 complex plays an important role in myoblast fusion.
LIBERATION OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE: LOCATION OF ASCENDING PATHWAYS.

Water diuresis was established and maintained in dogs anesthetized with chloralose. Both ureters were cannulated and a continuous recording of urine flow obtained. Antidiuretic responses (equivalent to 5–10 mU total dose of arginine vasopressin iv) were obtained from stimulation of the central end of a vagus or ulnar nerve and from certain reactive areas in the medulla, pons, and midbrain. In the medulla, responses were frequently obtained from the area of the tractus solitarius and from many points in the lateral reticular formation. In the pons, responses were elicited from the medial portion of the central gray and from the lateral reticular formation. The area of the medial lemniscus was not responsive. At levels rostral to the inferior colliculus, the reactive area was limited to the area of the central tegmental tract and the periaqueductal gray. The evidence suggests that impulses from the visceral and somatic afferent systems mediating ADH release ascend through the brain stem over an extralemniscal pathway. The mammillary peduncle does not appear to be part of the ascending pathway mediating ADH release; rather, impulses may reach the hypothalamus through a relay in the thalamus as well as by relay over the periventricular system of Schutz.
Filippov solutions on a Lipschitz continuous surface

In this paper, the further discussion on Filippov solutions is presented. New criterions are proposed to determine the relation between system trajectories and an arbitrary Lipschitz continuous surface. We show that the set-valued vector field of Filippovpsilas differential inclusion and the cone property of the hypersurface play an important role in the criterions. Though the hypersurface is only Lipschitz continuous, we prove that there exists the trajectory sliding along the surface. This result allows us to construct the sliding mode control for more general sense, because the sliding surface can be designed Lipschitz continuous. Finally, we provide some numerical examples to illustrate our designs.
How game changers catalyzed, disrupted, and incentivized social innovation: three historical cases of nature conservation, assimilation, and women’s rights

We explore the impact of “game changers” on the dynamics of innovation over time in three problem domains, that of wilderness protection, women’s rights, and assimilation of indigenous children in Canada. Taking a specifically historical and crossscale approach, we look at one social innovation in each problem domain. We explore the origins and history of the development of the National Parks in the USA, the legalization of contraception in the USA and Canada, and the residential school system in Canada. Based on a comparison of these cases, we identify three kinds of game changers, those that catalyze social innovation, which we define as “seminal,” those that disrupt the continuity of social innovation, which we label exogenous shocks, and those that provide opportunities for novel combinations and recombinations, which we label as endogamous game changers.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype 84 infection of the male genitalia: further evidence for HPV tissue tropism?

related primers that amplify HPV-84 efﬁciently. Few other studies have analyzed the rate of HPV infection due to genotype 84 because PCR primers (e.g., GP5 (cid:1) /6 (cid:1) ) that rarely detect HPV-84 in men or women were used, suggesting perhaps that these primers do not efﬁciently amplify HPV-84. b This study measured the genotype-speciﬁc incidence of HPV infection.
Ethnicity and renal disease.

A 63-year-old woman of South Asian origin, a Gujerati-speaking Hindu, was admitted 5 years ago to the renal unit at Leicester General Hospital for further evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). She was born in India, moved to East Africa as a child, and migrated from Malawi to the United Kingdom in 1972. Her medical history included four uneventful pregnancies. She has no history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Three of her cousins had developed type 2 diabetes in the fourth decade of life, and her deceased aunt developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the seventh decade of life and required renal replacement therapy (RRT). Three months before admission, the patient had reported increasing tiredness and was found to have a normochromic normocytic anemia, which was unresponsive to oral iron supplementation. On admission she reported continuing tiredness and breathlessness on moderate exertion, with no angina, cough, sputum, or wheeze. She reported nocturia for the previous 5 years but no other urinary symptoms. A review of systems was otherwise
Child behaviour problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism.

BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that the mothers and fathers of children with disabilities experience stress differently. Although there has been a great deal of research exploring how children affect parents, there have been many fewer studies of the interrelationships between mothers' and fathers' psychological well-being. METHODS Eighteen married couples who were the parents of children with autism reported on their stress and their general mental health (i.e. anxiety and depression). Teachers rated the behaviour problems of the children with autism. RESULTS Mothers and fathers did not differ in their levels of stress and depression, but mothers reported more anxiety than fathers. Partial correlation analyses revealed that child behaviour problems and fathers' mental health were associated with mothers' stress. However, neither child behaviour problems or mothers' mental health was associated with fathers' stress. CONCLUSIONS Although requiring replication, the results suggest that stress in mothers of children with disabilities may be affected by the psychological health of other family members, whereas fathers' stress is affected more by other factors. Methodological and conceptual issues, and the practical implications of these results are discussed.
Headache in systemic lupus erythematosus and its relation to other disease manifestations.

OBJECTIVE To investigate headache in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relation to other disease manifestations. METHODS Clinical and laboratory variables of 148 SLE patients were prospectively recorded in a computed data base. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of patients who reported moderate to severe headache on at least two consecutive encounters, and Group B consisted of the remainder of the patients, with mild or no headache. The two groups did not significantly differ in age or in sex distribution. Patients in Group A suffered from more severe joint pain and inflammation, muscle pain, photosensitivity, mouth ulcers, fever and fatigue. They also had higher disease activity scores, and a higher number showed central nervous involvement. There were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the laboratory variables examined, nor in the proportion of patients with renal involvement. The prevalence of non-thromboembolic central nervous system (CNS) manifestations was 7.2%. The sensitivity of headache for the diagnosis of non-thromboembolic CNS manifestations was 90.9%, and the specificity was 29.2%. On logistic regression analysis, the total arthritis score, muscle pain, fatigue and photosensitivity were each found to be significantly independently related to headache. CONCLUSIONS Headache is common in SLE, and in the majority of patients is related to musculoskeletal and constitutional disease manifestations.
Cardiac troponin T mutations: correlation between the type of mutation and the nature of myofilament dysfunction in transgenic mice

1 The heterogenic nature of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) in humans suggests a link between the type of mutation and the nature of patho‐physiological alterations in cardiac myocytes. Exactly how FHC‐associated mutations in cardiac troponin T (cTnT) lead to impaired cardiac function is unclear. 2 We measured steady‐state isometric force and ATPase activity in detergent‐skinned cardiac fibre bundles from three transgenic (TG) mouse hearts in which 50, 92 and 6 % of the native cTnT was replaced by the wild type (WT) cTnT, R92Q mutant cTnT (R92Q) and the C‐terminal deletion mutant of cTnT (cTnTDEL), respectively. 3 Normalized pCa‐tension relationships of R92Q and cTnTDEL fibres demonstrated a significant increase in sensitivity to Ca2+ at short (2.0 μm) and long (2.3 μm) sarcomere lengths (SL). At short SL, the pCa50 values, representing the midpoint of the pCa‐tension relationship, were 5.69 ± 0.01, 5.96 ± 0.01 and 5.81 ± 0.01 for WT, R92Q and cTnTDEL fibres, respectively. At long SL, the pCa50 values were 5.81 ± 0.01, 6.08 ± 0.01 and 5.95 ± 0.01 for WT, R92Q and cTnTDEL fibres, respectively. 4 The difference in pCa required for half‐maximal activation (ΔpCa50) at short and long SL was 0.12 ± 0.01 for the R92Q (92 %) TG fibres, which is significantly less than the previously reported ΔpCa50 value of 0.29 ± 0.02 for R92Q (67 %) TG fibres. 5 At short SL, Ca2+‐activated maximal tension in both R92Q and cTnTDEL fibres decreased significantly (24 and 21 %, respectively; P < 0.005), with no corresponding decrease in Ca2+‐activated maximal ATPase activity. Therefore, at short SL, the tension cost in R92Q and cTnTDEL fibres increased by 35 and 29 %, respectively (P < 0.001). 6 The fibre bundles reconstituted with the recombinant mutant cTnTDEL protein developed only 37 % of the Ca2+‐activated maximal force developed by recombinant WT cTnT reconstituted fibre bundles, with no apparent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity. 7 Our data indicate that an important mutation‐linked effect on cardiac function is the result of an inefficient use of ATP at the myofilament level. Furthermore, the extent of the mutation‐induced dysfunction depends not only on the nature of the mutation, but also on the concentration of the mutant protein in the sarcomere.
Patterns of Oculomotor Nerve Distribution to the Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle, and Correlation to Temporary Ptosis After Blepharoplasty

Transient diplopia, blepharoptosis, or both conditions are rare postoperative complications of blepharoplasty performed with the patient under local anesthesia. It has been hypothesized that some cases of postoperative diplopia and blepharoptosis could be attributed to the myotoxic effects of local anesthetics to the extraocular muscles and the levator muscle or to the neurotoxic effects of lidocaine. In 30 cadavers, the superior division of the oculomotor nerve was severed en bloc 1.5 cm anterior to the annulus of Zinn with the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) and the superior rectus muscles. These muscles were detached from their origins, and their attachments to the scleral and tarsal plates were divided respectively. The specimens were treated in guanidine–hydrochloride and Alizarin Red solution, and were dissected under an operating microscope. The nerve branches of the superior division of the oculomotor nerve innervated the proximal third (type I) in 2 of 30 LPS muscles (6.7%), in 8 of 30 muscles (26.7%) extended to the middle third (type II), and reached the distal third (type III) in 20 of 30 muscles (66.7%). The terminal branches ran through the medial third (type IIIa) in 6 of 20 type III LPS muscles (30%), the central third (type IIIb) in 8 muscles(40%), and the lateral third (type IIIc) in 6 muscles (30%). The oculomotor nerve ends that extend forward to the distal third of the LPS muscle (type III) are exposed and vulnerable to local anesthetics and may be numbed during blepharoplasty. If this is so, postoperative blepharoptosis may be caused by transient paralysis of the LPS muscle, and great care should be taken during the injection of local anesthetics near the LPS.Hwang K, Lee DK, Chung IH, Lee SI. Patterns of oculomotor nerve distribution to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, and correlation to temporary ptosis after blepharoplasty. Ann Plast Surg 2001;47:381–384
Association of Beta-lactoglobulin Polymorphism with Milk Production Traits in Cattle

The study was carried out in Sahiwal, Holstein Friesian, Jersey and crossbred cattle to find out the effect of genotype of beta-lactoglobulin gene on milk production traits. The polymorphism at beta-lactoglobulin gene was identified by conducting PCR- RFLP studies. A 398 bp fragment of the gene was amplified and digested with Hae III restriction enzyme. The two alleles A and B and three genotypes AA, AB and BB were identified in all cattle breeds. The frequency of B allele was comparatively higher than that of A allele. The AA genotype produced significantly higher milk yield in Sahiwal cattle whereas BB genotype yielded higher milk in Holstein friesian cattle. In other cattle breeds the genotypic effect was non-significant. In conclusion it may be stated that the genotype with significantly higher milk yield may be favoured in the farm along with other conventional selection criteria to enhance the milk production of animals. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 11 : 1560-1564)
Optimal Learning High-Order MRF Priors of Color Image

In this paper, we present an optimised learning algorithm for high-order Markov random fields (MRF) color image priors that capture the statistics of natural scenes and can be used for a variety of computer vision tasks. The proposed optimal learning algorithm is achieved by simplifying the estimation of partition function in the learning model. The parameters in MRF color image priors are learned alteratively and iteratively by maximising their likelihood. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed learning algorithm of high-order MRF color image priors with the application of color image denoising. Experimental results show the superior performance of our algorithm compared to the state–of–the– art of color image priors in [1], although we use a much smaller training image set.
Update on oral immunotherapy for egg allergy

ABSTRACT Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an emerging treatment of IgE-mediated egg allergy. In the past decade, a multitude of studies have assessed the potential for egg OIT to induce clinical desensitization. The following review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of this therapy as determined by randomized controlled, non-randomized controlled and uncontrolled trials. Recent studies using reduced allergenic egg products and anti-IgE assisted therapy to improve egg OIT safety will also be discussed. Recent advances in the mechanisms underlying food OIT suggest that certain immune parameters may be helpful in monitoring response to therapy, including egg OIT. Although, egg OIT is consistently shown to be effective with regards to clinical desensitization, fewer studies have looked at persistent tolerance or sustained unresponsiveness. Limited results of long-term follow-up trials suggest that this therapy may have disease-modifying effects. In general, the comparison of studies is complicated by major differences in study designs, OIT protocols and endpoints.
Supplementation with cysteamine during maturation and embryo culture on embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes selected by the brilliant cresyl blue test

Our previous studies have shown that the addition of 100 μM cysteamine to the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium increased the embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of cysteamine to the IVM medium and to the in vitro embryo culture medium (IVC) on the embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes selected by the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test. Oocytes were exposed to BCB and classified as: oocytes with a blue cytoplasm or grown oocytes (BCB+) or oocytes without blue cytoplasm or growing oocytes (BCB−). In Experiment 1, oocytes were matured in a conventional IVM medium supplemented with 100 μM, 200 μM or 400 μM cysteamine. In Experiment 2, oocytes were matured with 400 μM cysteamine and following in vitro fertilization (IVF) were cultured in SOF medium supplemented with 50 μM and 100 μM cysteamine. In Experiment 1, BCB+ oocytes matured with 100 μM and 200 μM cysteamine showed higher normal fertilization and embryo development rates than BCB− oocytes. Oocytes matured with 400 μM cysteamine did not present these differences between BCB+ and BCB− oocytes. In Experiment 2, the addition of 50 μM and 100 μM cysteamine to culture medium did not affect the proportion of total embryos obtained from BCB+ oocytes (35.89% and 38.29%, respectively) but was significantly different in BCB− oocytes (34.23% and 29.04%, respectively, P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 400 μM cysteamine to the IVM improved normal fertilization and embryo development of BCB− oocytes at the same rates as those obtained from BCB+ oocytes. The proportions of morulae plus blastocyst development were not affected by the treatments.
Influence of wetting-layer wave functions on phonon-mediated carrier capture into self-assembled quantum dots

Models of carrier dynamics in quantum dots rely strongly on adequate descriptions of the carrier wave functions. In this work we numerically solve the one-band effective mass Schr\"odinger equation to calculate the capture times of phonon-mediated carrier capture into self-assembled quantum dots. Comparing with results obtained using approximate carrier wave functions, we demonstrate that the capture times are strongly influenced by properties of the wetting layer wave functions not accounted for by earlier theoretical analyses.