Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farmer’s observation on climate change impacts on maize (Zea mays) production in a selected agro-ecological zone in Ghana

Although maize farmers may not have a clear understanding of climate change, they live close to natural resources and are among the first in perceiving and reacting to environmental changes. They have observed and felt the effects of decreasing rainfall, emphasizing changes in the regularity, length, intensity and timing of rainfall; increasing air temperature, increasing sunshine intensity and seasonal changes in rainfall pattern which is affecting their farming practices. Moreover, farmers are also aware of the interacting effect between bad management practices and changes in climate. For instance, deforestation and clearing of riparian vegetation is considered a major factor increasing soil erosion; the use of agricultural chemicals close to the rivers and streams create hazards for the environment. The study indicates that changes in the onset and cessation of rain have negative impact on maize production and this pose a serious threat to household food security since maize is the staple food of most Ghanaians. Consequently, effective and efficient adaptation and mitigation measures should be promoted to prepare stakeholders in maize production systems to enhance their resilience and flexibility. Key words:
Rediscovering Europe in the Netherlands

issues such as ‘the’ European integration or ‘the’ functioning of ‘the’ institutions. For most politicians, media and citizens, the eu only becomes interesting when the discourse is focused on the ‘grand issues’ in a manner that is familiar to them. In the opinion of the wrr, the proposals set out below at the level of the political system offer a means of mobilising these issues and debates in the short term. 7.3. 2 centr alised str ategy on eu polic y Substantive choices on common European challenges and public representation and accountability for those choices have become essential in a political union which impinges more directly on the vital interests of its citizens. What does the Dutch government consider to be the key issues for the Netherlands in areas such as asylum and immigration, the environment and the social impact of the internal market policy? What ambitions does the government propose to pursue? What is at stake and which strategies are the most appropriate? To prevent government efforts at the European level being dictated by the specific ‘logic’ of individual issues and lagging behind the rapid pace of European developments, it will be necessary to strengthen the prioritisation of European issues, and to come up with a more robust political steering. Substantive prioritisation means that the government will be able to identify the European issues that are crucial for Dutch politics, to assess those issues and to adopt a position on them. This will push the technical and expertise-based approach into the background and bring the democratic legitimisation of political choices to the fore. This will also make the European political process of representation and accountability much more accessible to Parliament, the news media and the public. Within the constraints of an eu in which the Netherlands is just one of 27 member states, substantive prioritisation is obviously also intended to influence the development and outcome of eu policy and thus to reinforce the output
Health Self-Awareness in Senior Citizens: Focus on Physical, Emotional and Cognitive Health

Senior people usually express high levels of satisfaction and quality of life, even though they may be facing comorbidities and disabilities. This is an evidence of how unreliable quantitative measures, taken alone, can be when trying to understand the health levels of this population. Health self-awareness has been widely used in order to assess the health of old people. The present study describes how a sample of Brazilian senior citizens assesses their general health and verifies the relationship between negative health self-awareness and social-demographic factors as well as physical, emotional and cognitive impairment in this population. There were 427 senior subjects in the sample aged 65 or more from both genders. The primary outcome was assessed by the question: “on the whole, how do you assess your health? ”. This variable was divided into 2 groups: positive perception (options very good and good) and negative perceptions (options fair, bad and very bad). The independent variables were: social demographic; physical aspects of health; emotional and humour aspects; and cognitive aspects. In our studies, 42.4% of seniors had negative health self-awareness. The logistic regression analyses showed that the social demographic factor could explain negative health self-awareness in 62.4% of the subjects. However, only the association with education was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Diabetes, self-referred depression and instrumental activities were statistically related to the worse health self-awareness (p = 0.01; 0.05; 0.02 and 0.05, respectively). The emotional aspect was responsible for 64.9% of the negative health self-awareness (p < 0.001), while the cognitive aspect (p = 0.052) had a predictive value of 57.6%. From the findings in the present study, it is possible to conclude functional loss and the presence of chronic diseases is not enough to explain negative health self-awareness in old people. It is important to take into account education and the presence of depressive symptoms.
Autism : early diagnosis and intervention

Autism: Early Diagnosis and Intervention Megan Ruhe Major Advisor: Karen Graham, MPAS, PA-C Objective. Diagnosing autism in young children often does not occur until age four or five, leading researchers to explore whether an accurate diagnosis through widespread screening can be made at an earlier age. There are still many questions about what interventions are actually beneficial. Methods. A literature review using MEDLINE, OhioLINK, and public internet websites was done using the terms: autism, autism spectrum disorders, early intervention, CHAT, M-CHAT, neurology, movement disorders. Results. Research shows that accurately identifying autism in children as young as 18 months is possible and that early interventional therapies can help increase social and behavioral skills in autistics. Conclusion. The American Academy of Pediatrics has now recommended screening for autism in all children at ages 18 and 24 months. When a positive diagnosis is made, a well-established framework of a multidisciplinary team is in place to begin intense early interventional therapy based on the Lovaas model.
Estimation of human height from surveillance camera footage - a reliability study

Abstract Aim: The aim was to evaluate height measurements made with the single view metrology method and to investigate the influence of standing position and different phases of gait and running on vertical height. Method: Ten healthy men were recorded simultaneously by a 2D web camera and a 3D motion analysis system. They performed six trials, three standing and three during gait and running. The vertical height was measured with the single view metrology method and in Qualisys Track Manager. The results were compared for evaluation. The vertical height in the different postures was compared to the actual height. Results: The measurements made with the single view metrology method were significantly higher than the measurements made with Qualisys Track Manager (p 0.05). Conclusion: The single view metrology method measured vertical heights with a mean error of +2.30 cm. Posture influence vertical body height. Midstance in walking is the position where vertical height corresponds best with actual height, in running it is the non-support phase.
Colonization of New York Vineyards by Anagrus spp. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): Overwintering Biology, Within-Vineyard Distribution of Wasps, and Parasitism of Grape Leafhopper, Erythroneura spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), Eggs

Received February 16, 1999; accepted January 17, 2000 A study was conducted in New York to identify the Anagrus species present in vineyards, to determine the plants in which Anagrus species overwinter, and to characterize the dispersal of wasps and level of parasitism of grape leafhopper eggs in vineyards. Anagrus daanei S. Triapitsyn and Anagrus erythroneurae S. Trjapitzin and Chiappini were the most abundant species reared from Vitis labrusca Bailey and Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, respectively. V. labrusca cultivars are infested predominantly by Erythroneura comes (Say), whereas V. vinifera cultivars are infested primarily by the Erythroneura vitifex Fitch‐Erythroneura bistrata McAtee complex. Anagrus tretiakovae S. Triapitsyn was reared from seven grape cultivars in approximately equal proportions. Thus, A. daanei and A. erythroneurae appear to possess greater degrees of host specificity than A. tretiakovae. These results support the belief that, although Anagrus species have relatively broad host associations, host preferences do exist. These preferences may be mediated by the plant associations of particular leafhopper species. Anagrus species use alternate hosts that infest several plant species. In particular, diapausing insect eggs in Acer saccharum Marshall, Robinia pseudo-acacia L. , Rosa multiflora Thunberg, Salix nigra L. , Vitis riparia Michaux, and Zanthoxylum americanum Miller may play important roles in the overwintering biology of the Anagrus species that are most abundant in vineyards. Following emergence from overwintering hosts, Anagrus adults are aggregated at the vineyard edge early in the season (May and June). By midseason or later (August and September), the pattern of wasp colonization and parasitism indicates that parasitoids are more widely dispersed in the vineyards. This pattern is consistent with colonization from vineyard edges, followed by relatively slow dispersal into the vineyard interior. Further investigations are necessary to identify the alternate host(s) that Anagrus exploits during the winter and spring and to delineate the phenology of such alternate hosts, as well as that of the grape leafhoppers and Anagrus species in the spring. Habitat management studies could then be conducted to identify strategies that would accelerate population growth of Anagrus in the spring and increase the rate of dispersal into vineyards. © 2000 Academic Press
The Kinetics of the reactivity of a coke analogue with carbon dioxide

In this study the suitability of a laboratory analogue for coke for studying the reactivity of coke was evaluated. Coke reactivity and strength are closely related, as such, an improved understanding of the kinetics of blast furnace coke reactions can be used to enhance blast furnace performance. However, coke is a complex composite material, with an inherent heterogeneity with respect to oxide phase composition and phase dispersion. The complexity and heterogeneity of coke makes it difficult to isolate the effects of a specific component on coke reactivity. The coke analogue has been developed to address these issues and was used for controlled testing of specific mineral, and to some degree maceral, effects on reactivity. The reaction of coke analogue with CO2 was studied using thermogravimetric analysis to measure the kinetics at temperatures from 850 to 1350°C. The reaction rate behaviour of the analogue is similar to that reported for industrial coke. The gasification rate increased with increasing temperature and three reaction zones corresponding to different kinetic control regimes, as found in industrial coke, have been identified. These findings show that the coke analogue demonstrates similar reaction kinetics to industrial coke indicating its suitability for use in coke kinetic studies.
Hermite Methods for the Scalar Wave Equation

Arbitrary order dissipative and conservative Hermite methods for the scalar wave equation achieving $\mathcal{O}(2m)$ orders of accuracy using $\mathcal{O}(m^d)$ degrees of freedom per node in $d$ dimensions are presented. Stability and error analyses as well as implementation strategies for accelerators are also given.
BISMUTITE OF THE GRANITE PEGMATITES OF ZAMBEZIA, MOZAMBIQUE

This paper deals with the general mineralogy of bismutite from Zambezia, Mozambique. Three new chemical analyses are given. It is suggested that the deficiency in C0 3 is balanced by a certain water content. DTA and thermobalance data are given. Electron diffraction data indicate the mineral to be pseudo-tetragonal and orthorhombic with = 5.47 3 A. The orthorhombic symmetry could be attributed to the ordering of the C03 groups.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THREE METHODS OF LANGUAGE SAMPLING: FREEPLAY, NARRATIVE SPEECH, AND CONVERSATION

Objectives: The spontaneous language sample analysis is an important part of the language assessment protocol. Language samples give us useful information about how children use language in the natural situations of daily life. The purpose of this study was to compare Conversation, Freeplay, and narrative speech in aspects of Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), Type-token ratio (TTR), and the number of utterances.
Phosphorus loading from the Redwood River Basin: fractionation of labile and refractory components

Abstract : The purpose of this demonstration effort was to quantify loading of labile and refractory phosphorus fractions from the agriculturally dominated Redwood River Basin, which drains into the Minnesota River. This information will be important for future calibration and verification of watershed models that forecast the impacts of best management practices (BMP's) on water quality and runoff.
Enhancing University Student Engagement Using Online Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

For many education providers, student engagement can be a major issue. Given the positive correlation between engagement and good performance, providers are continually looking for ways to engage students in the learning process. The growth of student digital literacy, the wide proliferation of online tools and the understanding of why online gaming can be addictive have combined to create a set of tools that providers can leverage to enhance engagement. One such tool is Peerwise, https://peerwise.cs. auckland.ac. nz/, an online, multiple choice question (MCQ) and answer tool in which students create questions that are answered by other students. Why use MCQs? Using MCQs tests knowledge, provides reassurance of learning, identifies gaps and makes this data available to student and provider. Students use this information to focus their time on areas requiring additional work [1], benefiting from the early feedback provided. Formative assess- ments using MCQs are beneficial in preparing students for summative testing and are appreciated and liked by students [2]. Providers can use this information to determine how the material is being received and react accordingly. Students use Peerwise to create MCQs that are answered, rated and commented on by their peers. Students’ engagement in Peerwise earns trophies for contributing regular use and for providing feedback, all of which act to stimulate further engagement, using the principles of gamification. Bournemouth University, a public university in the UK with over 18,000 students, has been embedding Peerwise in under-graduate and post-graduate units since 2014. The results experienced by Bournemouth University have been beneficial and correlate with other studies of using Peerwise [3] [4]. A statistically significant improvement was seen by one cohort of students compared to the previous year where Peerwise was not used. However, no correlation was found between Peerwise participation and a student’s unit mark. The processes followed by Bournemouth University and the advantages and disadvantages, backed by qualitative and quantitative data, will be presented so that other institutions can gain an informed view of the merits of Peerwise for their own teaching and learning environments.
Evaluation of Type I Tympanoplasty in Children in Upper Egypt

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcome of type1 tympanoplasty in selected cases of children with tympanic membrane perforation and asses factors influencing their outcome. Subjects and Method: The study includes a total of 82 children of age group 7 to 14 years who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty in Aswan university hospital between January 2014 to August 2016 after approval from Aswan faculty of medicine ethics committee. The patients were divided into two groups, group I of 30 cases aged from 7 to 10 years and group II of 52 cases aged from 11 to 14. Patients with cholestatoma, ossicular chain pathology, previous tympanic surgery or Eustachian tube pathology were excluded from the study. Results: In our study the overall success rate was 66 cases out of total of 82 cases (80%). The success rate was higher in group I (83.3%) than in group II (78.8%) but the difference was not statistically significant. In terms of prognostic factors, we observed a statistically significant association between the presence of a discharging ear and a poor outcome (P<0.001), also there was significant association between duration of discharge and poor results (P<0.01). Conclusion: The age of the patients, size and site of perforation, prior adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy, do not significantly influence the post-operative outcome. Although tympanoplasty is less successful in bilateral perforation, but this is not of significant value.
Evaluation of the Consumers' Trust Effect on Viral Marketing Acceptance Based on the Technology Acceptance Model

Integrating marketing principles with IT suggests new developed models for the marketing world such as viral marketing (VM). On the other hand, lots of prior studies have theoretically articulated and empirically examined the fact that trust is the essence of any human interaction especially for the online activities. Grounded on the viral marketing and trust literature, this descriptive and applied study, was targeted to integrate trust and viral marketing through the technology acceptance model (TAM). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the consumers’ trust effect on viral marketing acceptance. Respondents to the questionnaire are 69 experts responsible for the selection and purchase of the medical equipment in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This study is originated from the perspective of the graduated consumers whose behaviors look different from the average. Applying a census-based methodology and statistical analysis, especially path analysis, the study showed that trust plays an important role in the attitude toward engaging in VM and in the intention of the consumers to engage and finally to actual use of VM by the experts. This study verified TAM too. It was followed by some managerial implications for the companies in order to design their viral marketing campaigns to be more successful. Finally, considering the findings and the limitations of this study, some academic suggestions for further researches have been made.
Urinary Extraction of Oxidative Damage in Carpet Weavers

Nearly 8.5 million people in Iran directly or indirectly make a living from hand-made carpet weaving industry. Ongoing work, poor postures, breathing problems and skin irritations are among factors affecting the health, safety and wellbeing of those involved in this industry. Hence, considering such factors seem to improve the quality of carpet as a valuable cultural commodity and expand its export. Accordingly, this study investigates the oxidative stress biomarkers among involved and non-involved people in the hand-made carpet industry. 25 carpet maker and 25 ordinary people (not involved in carpet industry) who had been matched for age and sex were selected as study groups. The level of oxidative stress biomarkers such as antioxidant capacity, total thiols and catalase were measured among subjects, and finally the biomarkers were compared between the two groups. To compare the oxidative stress biomarkers in two groups, Independent Sample T Test was used. The mean levels of total antioxidant capacity showed no significant difference between the two groups (0.05 p-value). In conclusion, carpet weaving industry induces oxidative stress and natural antioxidant may be considered beneficial for the protection of oxidative damage in such subjects.
Nonrecursive Separation of Risk and Time Preferences

Abstract Recursive utility disentangles preferences with respect to time and risk by recursively building up a value function of local increments. This involves certainty equivalents of indirect utility. Instead we disentangle preferences with respect to time and risk by building up a value function as a non-linear aggregation of certainty equivalents of direct utility of consumption. This entails time-consistency issues which are dealt with by looking for an equilibrium control and an equilibrium value function rather than a classical optimal control and a classical optimal value function. We characterize the solution in a general diffusive incomplete market model and find that, in certain special cases of utmost interest, the characterization coincides with what would arise from a recursive utility approach. But also importantly, in other cases, it does not: The two approaches are fundamentally different but match, exclusively but importantly, in the mathematically special case of homogeneity of the value function.
Factors Affecting the Contribution of 1st Year Female Students Tutorial Class on their Academic Achievement in First Semester of 2016, the Case of Afan Oromo and Literature Department

Female students are usually outnumbered by their male counterpart in both academic participation and achievement in all disciplines particularly in tertiary education [1-5]. This study was carried out on first year female students of Afan Oromo department in BuleHora University which is located at 467km south of Addis Ababa. The study was aimed to find out factors that influenced the contribution of first year female students’ in Afan Oromo Department on their academic achievement at the first semester of 2016. All first year female students and instructors of Afan Oromo department in the University who participated in tutorial classes in the first semester of 2016 were the focus of this study. The first year Afan Oromo female students and instructors who thought them were administered the questionnaire papers without random sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the result showed that 100% of the female students and instructors were highly interested in tutorial class. 54.29% of the students responded that teachers did not make proper use of their time. 68.57% of the students took part in tutorial class for general knowledge and 28.57% of them to part in order to obtain maximum result. From the allocated 16 hours, 57.14% used between 10 to 16 hours while 25.71% used 2-4 hours. Insufficient time was the major factor that hindered female students due to teachers’ unavailability as 71.43% of the students responded. While lack of class room had less influence on their performance as 5.71% of the students responded. The female students’ low academic achievement that semester was a result of insufficient tutorial. Therefore, it is important to take sufficient time to teach and improve female students’ academic achievement at future.