Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Searching of Chaotic Elements in Hydrology

Chaos theory offers new means of understanding and prediction of phenomena otherwise considered random and unpredictable. The signatures of chaos can be isolated by performing nonlinear analysis of the time series available. The paper presents the results obtained by conducting a nonlinear analysis of the time series of daily Siret river flow (located in the Nort-Eastern part of Romania). The time series analysis is recorded starting with January 1999 to July 2009. The attractor is embedded in the reconstructed phase space then the chaotic dynamics is revealed computing the chaotic invariants correlation dimension and the maximum Lyapunov Exponent.
The Farthest Known Supernova: Support for an Accelerating Universe and a Glimpse of the Epoch of Deceleration

We present photometric observations of an apparent Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) at a redshift of ~1.7, the farthest SN observed to date. The supernova, SN 1997ff, was discovered in a repeat observation by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N) and serendipitously monitored with NICMOS on HST throughout the Thompson et al. Guaranteed-Time Observer (GTO) campaign. The SN type can be determined from the host galaxy type: an evolved, red elliptical lacking enough recent star formation to provide a significant population of core-collapse supernovae. The classification is further supported by diagnostics available from the observed colors and temporal behavior of the SN, both of which match a typical SN Ia. The photometric record of the SN includes a dozen flux measurements in the I, J, and H bands spanning 35 days in the observed frame. The redshift derived from the SN photometry, z = 1.7 ± 0.1, is in excellent agreement with the redshift estimate of z = 1.65 ± 0.15 derived from the U300B450V606I814J110J125H160H165Ks photometry of the galaxy. Optical and near-infrared spectra of the host provide a very tentative spectroscopic redshift of 1.755. Fits to observations of the SN provide constraints for the redshift-distance relation of SNe Ia and a powerful test of the current accelerating universe hypothesis. The apparent SN brightness is consistent with that expected in the decelerating phase of the preferred cosmological model, ΩM ≈ 1/3,ΩΛ ≈ . It is inconsistent with gray dust or simple luminosity evolution, candidate astrophysical effects that could mimic previous evidence for an accelerating universe from SNe Ia at z ≈ 0.5. We consider several sources of potential systematic error, including gravitational lensing, supernova misclassification, sample selection bias, and luminosity calibration errors. Currently, none of these effects alone appears likely to challenge our conclusions. Additional SNe Ia at z > 1 will be required to test more exotic alternatives to the accelerating universe hypothesis and to probe the nature of dark energy.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Developing positive attitudes towards algebra

This paper reports on one teacher's attempts to teach critical algebra understandings to a Year 9 class in ways that engage the students and help them to develop positive perceptions of their ability to learn algebra in a "rigorous and symbolic way". This paper describes a 6-week algebra intervention based upon connecting concrete representations with symbolic expressions and equations through the careful use of formal algebra language. The teacher had expressed her aspirations that interventions such as this would encourage more students to undertake intermediate and advanced mathematics courses in senior secondary years. The study collected data on student perceptions about their learning experiences including perceptions about mathematics as a subject domain, engagement with the activities, development of algebraic understanding, and the quality of discourse within the classroom. This study found that the students valued the classroom discourse much more than they did the normal mathematics learning experiences. These findings have implications for inservice and pre-service teacher education.
Firm Fragmentation and Urban Patterns

We document several empirical regularities regarding the evolution of urban structure in the largest U.S. metropolitan areas over the period 1980-1990. These regularities relate to changes in resident population, employment, occupations, as well as the number and size of establishments in different sections of the metropolitan area. We then propose a theory of urban structure that emphasizes the location and internal structure decisions of firms. In particular, firms can decide to locate their headquarters and operation plants in different regions of the city. Given that cities experienced positive population growth throughout the 1980s, we show that firm fragmentation produces the diverse set of facts documented in the paper.
Communities of practice: A brief introduction

Communities of practice are formed by people who engage in a process of collective learning in a shared domain of human endeavor: a tribe learning to survive, a band of artists seeking new forms of expression, a group of engineers working on similar problems, a clique of pupils defining their identity in the school, a network of surgeons exploring novel techniques, a gathering of first-time managers helping each other cope. A community of practice is not merely a community of interest--people who like certain kinds of movies, for instance. Members of a community of practice are practitioners. They develop a shared repertoire of resources: experiences, stories, tools, ways of addressing recurring problems in short a shared practice. This takes time and sustained interaction. A good conversation with a stranger on an airplane may give you all sorts of interesting insights, but it does not in itself make for a community of practice. The development of a shared practice may be more or less self-conscious. The "windshield wipers" engineers at an auto manufacturer make a concerted effort to collect and document the tricks and lessons they have learned into a knowledge base. By contrast, nurses who meet regularly for lunch in a hospital cafeteria may not realize that their lunch discussions are one of their main sources of knowledge about how to care for patients. Still, in the course of all these conversations, they have developed a set of stories and cases that have become a shared repertoire for their practice.
The Corporate Governance of Banks

The study argues that commercial banks pose unique corporate governance problems for managers and regulators as well as for claimants on the banks' cash flows, such as investors and depositors. The authors support the general principle that fiduciary duties should be owed exclusively to shareholders. However, in the special case of banks, they contend that the scope of the fiduciary duties and obligations of officers and directors should be broadened to include creditors. In particular, the authors call on bank directors to take solvency risk explicitly and systematically into account when making decisions or else face personal liability for failure to do so.
Convective Momentum Transport Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation

AbstractA better understanding of multiscale interactions within the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), including momentum exchanges, is critical for improved MJO prediction skill. In this study, convective momentum transport (CMT) associated with the MJO is analyzed based on the NOAA Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). A three-layer vertical structure associated with the MJO, as previously suggested in the mesoscale momentum tendency profile based on global cloud-resolving model simulations, is evident in the subgrid-scale momentum tendency from the CFSR. Positive (negative) subgrid-scale momentum tendency anomalies are found near the surface, negative (positive) anomalies are found in the low to midtroposphere, and positive (negative) anomalies in the upper troposphere are found within and to the west (east) of the MJO convection. This tends to damp the MJO circulation in the free atmosphere, while enhancing MJO winds near the surface. In addition, it could also reduce the MJO eastward propagation .
Superoptimal approximation by meromorphic functions

Abstract Let G be a matrix function of type m × n and suppose that G is expressible as the sum of an H∞ function and a continuous function on the unit circle. Suppose also that the (k – 1)th singular value of the Hankel operator with symbol G is greater than the kth singular value. Then there is a unique superoptimal approximant to G in : that is, there is a unique matrix function Q having at most k poles in the open unit disc which minimizes s∞(G – Q) or, in other words, which minimizes the sequence with respect to the lexicographic ordering, where and Sj(·) denotes the jth singular value of a matrix. This result is due to the present authors [PY1] in the case k = 0 (when the hypothesis on the Hankel singular values is vacuous) and to S. Treil[T2] in general. In this paper we give a proof of uniqueness by a diagonalization argument, a high level algorithm for the computation of the superoptimal approximant and a recursive parametrization of the set of all optimal solutions of a matrix Nehari—Takagi problem.
Achievement in Charter Schools and Regular Public Schools in the United States: Understanding the Differences

This study compares the reading and mathematics proficiency of charter school students to that of their fellow students in neighboring public schools. Ninety-nine percent of all elementary students in charter schools are included in the study. The charter schools are compared to the schools that their students would most likely otherwise attend: the nearest regular public school with a similar racial composition (the "matched" school). Compared to students in the matched regular public school, charter students are 5.2 percent more likely to be proficient in reading and 3.2 percent more likely to be proficient in math on their state's exams. Students in charter schools that have been in operation longer are more likely to have a proficiency advantage over their peers in the matched regular public school. In reading, the advantage is 2.5 percent for a charter school that has been operating 1 to 4 years, 5.2 percent for a school operating 5 to 8 years, and 10.1 percent for a school operating 9 to 11 years. Also, charter school students are more likely to have a proficiency advantage if their school has funding that is at least forty percent of that enjoyed by regular public schools. The results suggest that charter schools are especially likely to raise the achievement of students who are poor or Hispanic. * The author is a Professor of Economics at Harvard University, director of the Economics of Education Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a member of the Koret Task Force on Education, and a Distinguished Visiting Fellow of the Hoover Institution. The author is grateful to Jason Kohout for excellent research assistance and to the departments of education of all fifty states and the District of Columbia for data and information on proficiency levels. This research has been supported by a generous grant (R29HD35983) from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development. All errors are the author's own.
Multisensors Signal Processing Using Microcontroller and Neural Networks Identification

An approach of multisensor signals processing at microprocessor or 8 bit microcontrollers is showed in this paper. This approach is based on multisensor individual conversion function or individual characteristic curve identification method with using of neural networks. It allow to reduce an amount of calibration points and increase the precision of identification with comparatively to well known methods. The realization of this approach was made on developed system for ultraviolet level measurement based on 8-bit microcontrollers. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.
Some remarks concerning Voevodsky’s nilpotence conjecture

In this article we extend Voevodsky’s nilpotence conjecture from smooth projective schemes to the broader setting of smooth proper dg categories. Making use of this noncommutative generalization, we then address Voevodsky’s original conjecture in the following cases: quadric ﬁbrations, intersection of quadrics, linear sections of Grassmannians, linear sections of determinantal varieties, homological projective duals, and Moishezon manifolds.
[Cryptogenic cirrhosis?].

In the early stages of cryptogenic cirrhosis, people often have no symptoms because the liver has enough normal tissue to function. Signs and symptoms become apparent as more of the liver is replaced by scar tissue. Affected individuals can experience fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, swelling (edema), enlarged blood vessels, and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).
Keynesian Economics

Keynesian economics (pronounced /ˈkeɪnziən/ KAYN-zee-ən, also called Keynesianism and Keynesian theory) is a macroeconomic theory based on the ideas of 20th century British economist John Maynard Keynes. Keynesian economics argues that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes and therefore advocates active policy responses by the public sector, including monetary policy actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government to stabilize output over the business cycle. [1] The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were first presented in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936; the interpretations of Keynes are contentious, and several schools of thought claim his legacy. Keynesian economics advocates a mixed economy—predominantly private sector, but with a large role of government and public sector—and served as the economic model during the latter part of the Great Depression, World War II, and the post-war economic expansion (1945–1973), though it lost some influence following the stagflation of the 1970s. The advent of the global financial crisis in 2007 has caused a resurgence in Keynesian thought. The former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, former President of the United States George W. Bush[2] ( also alleged heavily being anti-Keynesian by some (The Shock Doctrine)), President of the United States Barack Obama, and other world leaders have used Keynesian economics through government stimulus programs to attempt to assist the economic state of their countries. [3]
Effective Social Factors on the Organizational Commitment: A sociological of study of faculty members of Osmania, Hyderabad and Jawaharlal Nehru universities of Hyderabad in India

The study aimed at examining effect of social factors on organizational commitment. Method of research is survey, the sample consisted of 297 teachers, including professors, associate professors, and assistant professors of Osmania University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, and University of Hyderabad in Hyderabad (India) and sampling has done by multi-stage way. This study has done in 2011 to 2014. Conclusion: 1- Peer cohesiveness is effective on organizational commitment, in other words, the impact of peer cohesiveness on organizational commitment is direct. 2- Job prestige is not effective on organizational commitment. 3-One of effective factors on organizational commitment is job opportunities, more job opportunities will caused more organizational commitment. The more opportunity exists for finding a better job to a person, the lower level of commitment may be created due to the desirability of such substitutions. 4- More availability of welfare facilities will cause more organizational commitment.
Connectivism and dimensions of individual experience

Connectivism has been offered as a new learning theory for a digital age, with four key principles for learning: autonomy, connectedness, diversity, and openness. The testing ground for this theory has been massive open online courses (MOOCs). As the number of MOOC offerings increases, interest in how people interact and develop as individual learners in these complex, diverse, and distributed environments is growing. In their work in these environments the authors have observed a growing tension between the elements of connectivity believed to be necessary for effective learning and the variety of individual perspectives both revealed and concealed during interactions with these elements. In this paper we draw on personality and self-determination theories to gain insight into the dimensions of individual experience in connective environments and to further explore the meaning of autonomy, connectedness, diversity, and openness. The authors suggest that definitions of all four principles can be expanded to recognize individual and psychological diversity within connective environments. They also suggest that such expanded definitions have implications for learners’ experiences of MOOCs, recognizing that learners may vary greatly in their desire for and interpretation of connectivity, autonomy, openness, and diversity.
MSCS with Distinction in Research Final Report Scene Text Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networks

Full end-to-end text recognition in natural images is a challenging problem that has received much attention recently. Traditional systems in this area have relied on elaborate models incorporating carefully handengineered features or large amounts of prior knowledge. In this work, we take a different route and combine the representational power of large, multilayer neural networks together with recent developments in unsupervised feature learning, which allows us to use a common framework to train highly-accurate text detector and character recognizer modules. Then, using only off-the-shelf methods with simple engineering, we integrate these two modules into a full endto-end, lexicon-driven, scene text recognition system that achieves state-of-the-art performance on standard benchmarks, namely Street View Text and ICDAR 2003.
Asymptotic correlations for Gaussian and Wishart matrices with external source

We consider ensembles of Gaussian (Hermite) and Wishart (Laguerre) $N\times N$ hermitian matrices. We study the effect of finite rank perturbations of these ensembles by a source term. The rank $r$ of the perturbation corresponds to the number of non-null eigenvalues of the source matrix. In the perturbed ensembles, the correlation functions can be written in terms of kernels. We show that for all $N$, the difference between the perturbed and the unperturbed kernels is a degenerate kernel of size $r$ which depends on multiple Hermite or Laguerre functions. We also compute asymptotic formulas for the multiple Laguerre functions kernels in terms multiple Bessel (resp. Airy) functions. This leads to the large $N$ limiting kernels at the hard (resp. soft) edge of the spectrum of the perturbed Laguerre ensemble. Similar results are obtained in the Hermite case.
Almost transitive and maximal norms in Banach spaces

We prove that the spaces $\ell_p$, $1<p<\infty, p\ne 2$, and all infinite-dimensional subspaces of their quotient spaces do not admit equivalent almost transitive renormings. This answers a problem posed by Deville, Godefroy and Zizler in 1993. We obtain this as a consequence of a new property of almost transitive spaces with a Schauder basis, namely we prove that in such spaces the unit vector basis of $\ell_2^2$ belongs to the two-dimensional asymptotic structure and we obtain some information about the asymptotic structure in higher dimensions. We also obtain several other results about properties of classical, Tsirelson type and non-commutative Banach spaces with almost transitive norms. Further, we prove that the spaces $\ell_p$, $1<p<\infty$, $p\ne 2$, have continuum different renormings with 1-unconditional bases each with a different maximal isometry group, and that every symmetric space other than $\ell_2$ has at least a countable number of such renormings. On the other hand we show that the spaces $\ell_p$, $1<p<\infty$, $p\ne 2$, have continuum different renormings each with an isometry group which is not contained in any maximal bounded subgroup of the group of isomorphisms of $\ell_p$. This answers a question of Wood.
Lexical Categories: Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives

Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. The problem of the lexical categories 2. Verbs as licensers of subjects 3. Nouns as bearers of a referential index 4. Adjectives as neither nouns nor verbs 5. Lexical categories and the nature of the grammar Appendix: Adpositions as functional categories References Index.
Neuman-Sandor mean, asymptotic expansions and related inequalities

The subject of this paper is a systematic study of inequalities of the form $$ (1-\mu) M_1+\mu M_3 \leq M_2 \leq (1-\nu) M_1+\nu M_3 $$ which cover Neuman-S\'andor mean and some classical means. Furthermore, following inequalities with optimal parameters were proved: $$ \mu\frac1{; ; ; ; H(s, t)}; ; ; ; +(1-\mu)\frac1{; ; ; ; N\! S(s, t)}; ; ; ; \leq \frac1{; ; ; ; A(s, t)}; ; ; ; \leq \nu\frac1{; ; ; ; H(s, t)}; ; ; ; +(1-\nu)\frac1{; ; ; ; N\! S(s, t)}; ; ; ; $$ and $$ \mu\frac1{; ; ; ; H(s, t)}; ; ; ; +(1-\mu)\frac1{; ; ; ; N(s, t)}; ; ; ; \leq \frac1{; ; ; ; N\! S(s, t)}; ; ; ; \leq \nu\frac1{; ; ; ; H(s, t)}; ; ; ; +(1-\nu)\frac1{; ; ; ; N(s, t)}; ; ; ; . $$
Finite Element Exterior Calculus for Parabolic Evolution Problems on Riemannian Hypersurfaces

Over the last ten years, the Finite Element Exterior Calculus (FEEC) has been developed as a general framework for linear mixed variational problems, their numerical approximation by mixed methods, and their error analysis. The basic approach in FEEC, pioneered by Arnold, Falk, and Winther in two seminal articles in 2006 and 2010, interprets these problems in the setting of Hilbert complexes, leading to a more general and complete understanding. Over the last five years, the FEEC framework has been extended to a broader set of problems. One such extension, due to Holst and Stern in 2012, was to problems with variational crimes, allowing for the analysis and numerical approximation of linear and geometric elliptic partial differential equations on Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary spatial dimension. Their results substantially generalize the existing surface finite element approximation theory in several respects. In 2014, Gillette, Holst, and Zhu extended the FEEC in another direction, namely to parabolic and hyperbolic evolution systems by combining the FEEC framework for elliptic operators with classical approaches for parabolic and hyperbolic operators, by viewing solutions to the evolution problem as lying in Bochner spaces (spaces of Banach-space valued parametrized curves). Related work on developing an FEEC theory for parabolic evolution problems has also been done independently by Arnold and Chen. In this article, we extend the work of Gillette-Holst-Zhu and Arnold-Chen to evolution problems on Riemannian manifolds, through the use of framework developed by Holst and Stern for analyzing variational crimes. We establish a priori error estimates that reduce to the results from earlier work in the flat (non-criminal) setting. Some numerical examples are also presented.