Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENCES IN MACRO- AND MICROELEMENT CONTENTS IN MILK AND YOGHURT

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of macroelements (Ca, Na, K, Mg) and essential elements (Zn, Fe, Se, Cu) in milk and yoghurt collected from the Croatian market. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used as an analytical technique. Mean concentrations measured in milk and yoghurt were (mg/kg): Ca 1406.9 and 1153.8, K 1995.5 and 1526.5, Na 608.3 and 519.2, Mg 136.4 and 108.0, Zn 3.92 and 3.48, Fe 0.332 and 0.231, Cu 0.005 and 0.124. Significantly higher concentrations of Ca, K, Na and Cu (p<0.01-p<0.001) were found in milk than in yoghurt. The element concentrations measured in milk, with the exception of higher K and Na levels, were in agreement with the literature data. Variations in the content of all elements in yoghurt were found in comparison to data from other countries. These results represent the first data on macro- and microelements from the Croatian market. The variations found in comparison to other countries suggest that unique processes are utilized in the production of yoghurt products.
Education and Health: Insights from International Comparisons

In this review we synthesize what is known about the relationship between education and health. A large number of studies from both rich and poor countries show that education is associated with better health. While previous work has thought of the effect of education separately for rich and poor countries, we argue that there are insights to be gained by integrating the two. For example, education is associated with lower malnutrition in most countries, but in richer countries the educated have lower BMIs whereas in poor countries the educated have higher BMIs. This suggests that the behaviors associated with better health differ depending on the level of development. We illustrate this approach by comparing the effects of education on various health and health behaviors around the world, to generate hypotheses about why education is so often (but not always) predictive of health. Finally, we review the empirical evidence on the relationship between education and health, paying particular attention to causal evidence and evidence on mechanisms linking education to better health.
Multi-site simulation of precipitation by conditional resampling

A single-site, regression-based downscaling method is extended to multi-site synthesis of daily precipitation at stations in Eastern England and the Scottish Borders. Area-averaged precip- itation series for each region are downscaled using gridded predictor variables selected from a can- didate suite representing atmospheric circulation, thickness and moisture content at length scales of 300 km. Three simulation methods are compared: (1) a deterministic model in which daily precipita- tion occurrence and amounts are conditioned by atmospheric predictor variables (DET); (2) a hybrid model in which the unexplained variance of the deterministic model is represented stochastically (VAR); and (3) an unconditional resampling procedure (RND). Downscaled daily area averages are, in turn, used to resample daily precipitation amounts at multiple sites contributing to the unweighted areal mean. The temporal dependence of precipitation amounts at individual sites was explored using the standard deviation and autocorrelation of daily amounts, and N-day winter maxima. Spa- tial dependency was examined using inter-site correlations, correlation decay lengths, and Kendall's τb statistic for joint exceedance of N-day precipitation totals. The DET procedure underestimated the variance of daily amounts and N-day totals and over-estimated observed autocorrelation, leading to generally poor representations of spatial dependency. The RND procedure reproduced the distribu- tion of daily amounts and inter-site correlations, but yielded poor representations of N-day exceedances for large N. Overall, the VAR procedure was the most successful downscaling approach. Even so, suggestions are made for refinements to VAR in order to better capture seasonal variations in decay distances and pairwise correlations of multi-site precipitation amounts.
Innovation activity and enterprises´ size

The article investigates relationship between size of an enterprise and innovation activity. Existing literature and results of empirical studies are unambiguous in findings if large or rather small and medium enterprises shall be deemed as the key bearers of innovation activity. Our analysis was performed in conditions of eight industry sectors in Slovakia for the period of 2008 – 2012 using average data on sectoral level. Our results show existence of positive statistically significant relationship between size and innovation activity that seems to be rather nonlinear. The article forms partial output of scientific project VEGA No. 1/0328/13 „Modelling of causal relations of innovations in small and medium enterprises“.
Tuber yield and processing traits of potato advanced selections

World potato production continuously requires new cultivars to satisfy farmers’ and consumers’ demand. Tuber yield and quality are some of the main potato breeding targets. In this study, 27 advanced potato clones from 7 hybrid families were evaluated for yield, tuber specific gravity and chipping ability. Variability in tuber yield was found between families as well as between clones. Forty-eight percent of clones showed higher productivity compared to the best control (Agria, 1.1 Kg). Families displayed significant differences also in terms of tubers specific gravity, with about 70% of clones with a score higher than 1.080, which was considered the minimum acceptable value for processing. Chipping ability was evaluated at harvesting time and after cold storage with and without reconditioning. The majority of studied clones showed a good chipping ability score (<4.5) at harvest; five samples chipped well after cold storage with reconditioning, while good chippers were not identified after cold storage without reconditioning. The use of an arbitrary index calculated for each clone is proposed to assist the selection of materials with a good trait combination.
An Examination of an Integrated Tourist Satisfaction Model: Expectations and Desires Congruency

This study proposed an extended integrated tourist satisfaction model based on two theories, expectancy-disconfirmation and desire-congruency, and empirically tested the model by using 643 surveys collected through three consecutive surveys (travel intentions and preand post-travel surveys). As a result, goodness-of-fit measures from the measurement and structural equation modeling indicated that the model was highly acceptable and applicable for interpretation. The results suggest that tourists encode satisfaction as important synopses of the product consumed. Further, the study helps clarify the role of expectations, motivations/desires, perceived quality of performance (evaluation of the destination’s attributes), and perceived quality of experience (achievement of travel desires and motivations) on overall satisfaction, and the effect of overall satisfaction on complaining behaviors and future behavioral intentions.
ANT TENDING OF MIAMI BLUE BUTTERFLY LARVAE ( LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE ) : PARTNER DIVERSITY AND EFFECTS ON LARVAL PERFORMANCE

The larvae of many lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) are tended by ants that protect them from natural enemies in return for sugar-rich secretions that the larvae produce to attract and retain their ant guards. We investigated the relationship between larvae of the endangered Miami blue butterfly ( Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri Comstock & Huntington) and potentially mutualistic ants. We observed 10 ant species interacting with Miami blue larvae in the field, and raised larvae successfully in captivity with 3 of these and 6 other ant species that are not known to tend larvae in the wild. In an experimental assessment of ant effects on larval performance, we found no differences in age at pupation, pupal mass, length of pupation, total time as an immature or ratio of time as a larva to time as a pupa among larvae raised with Camponotus floridanus Buckley, Linepithema humile Mayr, or in a no-ant control. Larvae raised with C. floridanus were significantly more likely to pupate in the ant harborage than larvae in the other treatments. We did not observe ants behaving antagonistically toward Miami blue larvae in field, laboratory, or experimental conditions; even ant species previously identified as potential predators tended larvae. Our results demonstrate that Miami blue larvae can elicit typical tending behaviors across diverse ant taxa and that ant tending does not substantially alter larval development, findings that may have implications for conservation and population restoration of the Miami blue butterfly.
Nutrient and Phytochemical Determination of Two Under-Utilized Green Leafy Vegetables Cassia tora and Sesamum indicum with Medicinal Potentials in Mubi Adamawa State of Nigeria

Objective: The study investigated the nutrient and phytochemical compositions of two under-utilized green leafy vegetables (Cassia tora and Sesamum indicum ) in Mubi town, Adamawa state Nigeria and their medicinal potentials. Materials and methods: One kilogramme each of fresh Cassia tora and Sesamum indicum leaves was separately plucked cleaned and pulverized using gallenkamp mixer kenwood. Standard methods (AOAC, 2000) were used to determine the proximate, some minerals, vitamins and phytochemical compositions of the leaves in triplicates. Means and standard error of the means of the triplicate determinations were calculated with Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The proximate principles revealed that Cassia tora and Sesamum indicum leaves contained high moisture (82.38% and 95.09%), low protein (1.64% and 1.62%), an appreciable amount of fibre (2.16% and 1.90%), carbohydrates (13.71% and1.04%) and ash (0.36% and0.33%). The two vegetables had low levels of fat (0.05% and 0.06%) respectively. Mineral values were calcium (4.97mg and 0.63mg), phosphorus (197.63mg and 172.50mg), iron(0.59mg and 0.26mg), potassium (2.67mg and 0.87mg), zinc (0.59mg and 0.51mg) respectively. Vitamins were β-carotene (19.65 μg and 11.57 μg), ascorbate (18.96mg and 15.60mg), vitamin B1 (1.53mg and11.57mg), B2 (2.13mg and1.87mg), niacin (1.45mg and 0.74mg) and vitamin E (28.79mg and 25.89mg) respectively. Phytochemicals present in the leaves include alkaloids (0.15% and 0.03%), glycosides (0.01% and 0.01%) tannins (0.41% and 0.40%), saponins (0.12% and 0.06%), flavonoids (0.02% and 0.01%) respectively. Conclusion: Cassia tora had higher levels of β-carotene (19.65 μg), ascorbate (18.96mg), vitamin E (28.96mg), calcium (4.94mg), potassium (2.61mg), phosphorus (197.63mg) and most of the phytochemicals than Sesamum indicum. The vegetables contained significant quantities of fibre, β-carotene, vitamin C and E, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, alkaloids, glycosides and saponins which have medicinal benefits. The medicinal potentials of the vegetables could be attributed to their rich nutrient and phytochemical constituents. More studies are needed to standardize the portion sizes of the vegetables for dietary management of diet related diseases based on their nutrients and health promoting constituents.
What underlies public attitudes towards the constitutionalization of the EU? Evidence from Britain

This article analyses the factors underlying public attitudes in Britain towards recent attempts to provide the EU with a constitution. In the context of the incremental constitutionalization of the EU, this article represents a detailed assessment of attitudes in a traditionally Eurosceptic country. It builds upon insights from existing strands of work analysing public opinion on EU-related issues. The impact of economic interests, national identity, party cues and political sophistication are assessed using data from a single-country and a crossnational survey. The data are analysed using binary logistic regression estimation. The main findings are that both party ‘cues’ and national identity play an important role in underpinning public opinion. These findings hold up when general support for the EU is accounted for. There are mixed findings in relation to the sociodemographic factors. The findings provide important clues as to what structures public opposition towards further political integration.
Localizing Peace: An Agenda for Sustainable Peacebuilding

The sophistication of peace operations and complex humanitarian missions has increased in recent decades, resulting in increased international capacity to mitigate organized violence and provide relief to suffering populations. With respect to other indicators of success, however, international peace strategies still leave much to be desired. By their very nature, externally driven efforts tend to leave local actors feeling marginalized and disempowered, and unable to fulfill aspirations for cumulative and sustainable transformations in the quality of life. The peace that local populations genuinely hope for may fail to take root, and dynamics associated with interventionism may replace one set of problems with another. To address such problems within existing peace processes and to provide a framework for broader preventive action, this paper identifies “localizing peace” as a central challenge for twenty-first century peacebuilding efforts. International and cross-cultural cooperation remain vital for tackling border-spanning problems and structural inequalities, yet the advancement of global peace depends in no small part on the enhancement of local peace capacities. Ultimately, peace must be defined and constructed locally, and peacebuilding efforts become energetic and sustainable only to the extent that they tap local resources, empower local constituencies, and achieve legitimacy within particular cultural and religious contexts. By appreciating these
Effect of different organic fertilizers on yield and fruit quality of ındeterminate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different organic fertilizers on yield and fruit qualities of indeterminate tomato. Influences of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on yields and fruit qualitiy of tomato were compared during 2006 and 2007 growing periods under field conditions. In 2006 growing period, organic fertilizes used were Ormin K (250 kg/ha before planting; 30 kg/ha after first flowering; 80 kg/ha after first harvest), Coplex (50 kg/ha every week from planting to last harvest), Nof (40 kg/ha every week, from planting to last harvest), composted poultry manure (CPM) (1 t/ha before planting; 0.5 ton/ha after first flowering and 0.5 ton/ha after first harvest (liquid form)) and composted cattle manure (CCM) (60 t/ha before planting; 5 ton/ha after first flowering and 5 ton/ha after first harvest (liquid form)). Based on the first year results, organic fertilizers used during 2007 growing periods were F1 (20 ton/ha CCM before planting; 1 t/ha CPM before planting; 40 kg/ha Coplex and 20 kg/ha Nof every week) and F2 (20 t/ha CCM before planting; 500 kg/ha Ormin K before planting; 30 kg/ha Coplex and 30 kg/ha Nof every week). Inorganic fertilizers used as a control were N: 450, P2O5: 350, K2O: 600, CaO:50, S: 200, and Mg:50 kg/ha. Tomato cultivars used in this study were Alida Fi in 2006 growing period and Alida Fi, Yanki Fi and Maya Fi in 2007 growing period. In 2006, the highest yields obtained from CPM, CCM, and control treatments were 128.12, 122.92 and 115.24 t/ha respectively. In 2007, marketable yield obtained from F1 fertilizer treatment was similar to the control application. Unmarketable yield was not effected from the different fertilizer treatments. There was no significant difference among the treatments. However fruit cracking rates were higher in organic fertilizer treatments than the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Finally, application of 20 to 40 t/ha composted cattle manure befor planting and addition of commercial organic fertilizers such as coplex, nof and ormin K can be used as an alternative to the chemical fertilizers in indeterminate tomato cultivation. Key words: Tomato, organic fertilizer, cattle manure, poltry manure, yield.
Site-selection model for optimal transplantation of eelgrass Zostera marina in the northeastern US

A site-selection model for eelgrass Zostera marina L. ecosystem restoration was devel- oped in the northeastern US to select optimal areas for transplanting eelgrass. The site-selection model synthesizes available historic and literature-based information, reference data, and simple field measurements to identify and prioritize locations for large-scale eelgrass transplantation. Model development was based on the physical and biological characteristics associated with the most suc- cessful transplant sites in a mitigation project for the New Hampshire Port Authority. The site-selec- tion process is divided into 3 phases: (1) the first phase uses available environmental information to formulate a preliminary transplant suitability index (PTSI) for pre-screening and eliminating unsuit- able sites; (2) the second phase involves field measurements of light availability and bioturbation as well as survival and growth of test transplants at priority sites identified by the PTSI; (3) a transplant suitability index (TSI) score is calculated for each site based on the PTSI and the results of field assessments. The TSI is a multiplicative index that eliminates sites which receive ratings of zero and gives high scores to those sites with the greatest potential for successful transplantation. We applied the TSI post hoc to the New Hampshire Port Project's eelgrass transplant sites, and subsequently the site-selection model was used in an eelgrass restoration project in New Bedford Harbor, Massachu- setts. After 2 yr of transplanting, the New Bedford Harbor effort has resulted in success at 62% of the sites planted using the site-selection model.
Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain Relief after Maximum Static Flexibility Program

Background: Pregnancy-related low back pain (LBP) impacts pregnancy. Flexibilizing facilitates movements providing posture correction and pain relief. Objective: To analyze effects of a maximum static flexibility program on pregnancy’s LBP. Methods: Clinical prospective randomized controlled trial. Setting: Brazilian Governmental Health Program’s prenatal care. Participants: 40 volunteer of pregnant women, gestational age between 20 and 31 weeks, with/without LBP randomly assigned to experimental group (EG) or control group (CG): EG n = 20 (E1 with LBP and E2 without LBP) and CG n = 20 (C1 with LBP and C2 without LBP). Interventions: EG intervention was sessions of static flexion. CG received conventional medical treatment. Pain intensity was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) of pain. Chi-square, Wilcoxon and the Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were adopted. Results: Concerning percent variation (Δ%) E1 presented 56.4% reduction of LBP while E2, C1, C2 increased LBP by 2.9%, 0.1%, 0.5% respectively. Wilcoxon test outcome comparing pre- and post-test of experimental and control groups on pain intensity levels presented significant E1 p < 0.05. Kruskal-Wallis test comparing post-test C1 with E1 with E2 and C2 presented p < 0.05 (C1 post vs. E1 post: p = 0.006; C1 post vs. E2 post: p < 0.0001; C1 post vs. C2 post: p = 0.002), showing significant effect of the experimental treatment. Conclusion: Gains on LBP for EG show that the static flexibilizing exercises reduce and prevent pregnancy-related LBP.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTABLISHING INNOVATIVE RURAL INSTITUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE FOOD SECURITY OF RICE GROWERS IN MAZANDARAN, IRAN

The issue of food security is considered an inseparable part of international development policies, so creating a nationally effective system to ensure food security, in addition to supporting the nutrition and health of the community, improves food industry status and increases production and income levels. To this end, the present study was carried out to identify the essential requirements for establishing innovative rural institutions to improve the food security of rice growers in Mazandaran, Iran. Economic, socio-cultural, infrastructure, policy-making, educational, and technical requirements were investigated, with each considered an observed variable with some items for each and to survey the impact of them on dimensions of food security and finally food security itself. The dependent variable was food security, measured by the five dimensions of availability, access, use, sustainability and safety. From a total of 113,141 rice growers in Mazandaran Province, Iran 216 were selected as the sample according to the Cochran method. Structural equation modelling and Amos 22 software were used in this study. The results showed that all six requirements mentioned above have an effect on food security, with technical requirements exhibiting the greatest effect, with a coefficient of 0.914. Suggestions are proposed for implementing these requirements.
FOUR GALL-INDUCING ERIOCOCCIDS, WITH NOTES ON DIPTEROCARP-ASSOCIATED GALL-INHABITING COCCOIDS (HOMOPTERA: COCCOIDEA: ERIOCOCCIDAE AND BEESONIIDAE)

TAKAGI, S. , 2001. Four gall-inducing eriococcids, with notes on dipterocarp-associated gall-inhabiting coccoids (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae and Beesoniidae). Ins. matsum. n. s. 58: 51-113, 34 figs. Four gall-inducing eriococcids are described: Gallacoccus secundus Beardsley, 1971, occurring on Shorea curtisii in Singapore, G. spinigaUa and G. heckrothi, spp. nov., occurring on an unidentified plant (assumed to be a Shorea species) in Malaya, and Echinogalla pustulata, gen. et sp. nov., occurring on Shorea falcifera and S. glauca in Malaya. They induce globular galls each inhabited by a single female. G. spinigalla and E. pustulata induce galls of the same echinate type in spite of their remote relationship. The males complete their metamorphosis in the maternal galls. The female crawlers and the adult males appear synchronically from the maternal galls as in Mangalorea hopeae (Beesoniidae). This phenomenon, when combined with the absence of long caudal setae in the crawlers and the presence of papillae on the bodies of the adult males, suggests that the female crawlers are phoretic on the adult males. In the 4 eriococcid species and especially in the Gallacoccus species sexual dimorphism is remarkable in the 1 st instar. Some features and characters of the female crawlers may be useful in the supposed intersexual phoresy. The 1st instar males have unusually robust legs or unusually elongate claws, and seem to be produced continuously in the maternal galls. The possibility is posed that they are thus armed and constantly present against invading natural enemies. Facts are assembled in support ofthe view that there should be a great number of unknown coccoid species inducing galls on dipterocarps in tropical Asia. The significance of atavism in the evolution of organisms is mentioned. Author s address. c/o Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan.