Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Best to Rank Sites with Promise

The starting point for a program of local safety improvements is the preparation of a list of sites with promise at which to conduct a detailed engineering study, by which cost-effective projects can be identified. Inclusion on the list depends on the criteria used for ranking sites. Five alternative ranking criteria were compared by the cost-effectiveness of the projects to which they lead. It was found that sites at which most accidents or most severity-weighed accidents are expected lead to most cost-effective projects.
Delayed Crosslinking Amphiphilic Polymer Gel System with Adjustable Gelation Time Based on Competitive Inclusion Method

Delayed crosslinking polymer gel systems are widely utilized in deep profile control processes for water production control in oilfields. In this paper, a kind of delayed crosslinking amphiphilic polymer gel system with adjustable gelation time based on competitive inclusion was prepared and its delayed crosslinking gelling properties were studied. The amphiphilic polymer of P(acrylamide (AM)–sodium acrylate (NaA)–N-dodecylacrylamide (DDAM)) was synthesized and it showed much better salt resistance, temperature resistance, and shear resistance performance compared with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). Phenol can be controlled released from the the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) ring in the presence of the hydrophobic group used as the competitive inclusion agent in the amphiphilic polymer backbone. Accordingly, the gelation time of the delayed crosslinking amphiphilic polymer gel system is closely related to release rate of the crosslinker from the the cavity of β-CD ring. This study screened an amphiphilic polymer with good salt resistance and temperature resistance performance, which can be used in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs, and provided a feasible way to control the gelation time of the polymer gel system by the competitive inclusion method.
FOREIGN CAPITAL INFLOWS AND NIGERIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS: A TODA YAMAMOTO APPROACH

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Response of the low ionosphere to X‐ray and Lyman‐α solar flare emissions

Using soft X‐ray measurements from detectors onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and simultaneous high‐cadence Lyman‐α observations from the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) onboard the Project for On‐Board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) ESA spacecraft, we study the response of the lower part of the ionosphere, the D region, to seven moderate to medium‐size solar flares that occurred in February and March of 2010. The ionospheric disturbances are analyzed by monitoring the resulting sub‐ionospheric wave propagation anomalies detected by the South America Very Low Frequency (VLF) Network (SAVNET). We find that the ionospheric disturbances, which are characterized by changes of the VLF wave phase, do not depend on the presence of Lyman‐α radiation excesses during the flares. Indeed, Lyman‐α excesses associated with flares do not produce measurable phase changes. Our results are in agreement with what is expected in terms of forcing of the lower ionosphere by quiescent Lyman‐α emission along the solar activity cycle. Therefore, while phase changes using the VLF technique may be a good indicator of quiescent Lyman‐α variations along the solar cycle, they cannot be used to scale explosive Lyman‐α emission during flares.
Physiological Changes in Patients with Hyperthyroidism

The present study was designed to investigate changes occurring in hematological , and biochemical changes in patients suffering from hyperthyroidism. A total number used was 170, patients and healthy subjects of both sexes, males and females. The total number of patients was 130; 100 females and 30 males, while the number of control subjects was 40. The ages of all subjects ranged between 20 years to 55 years. It was also found that percentage of affected females (76.93%) more than that of affected males (23.07%). Concerning haematological changes, studying red blood corpuscles count (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) ,and packed cell volume (PCV) showed a significant increase (P<0.01) when compared with healthy subjects. In addition, values of hemoglobin electrophoresis which included adult hemoglobin (HbA), adult hemoglobin2 (HbA2),and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) showed non significant difference when compared with control subjects. Results of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cells count (WBCs) were also recorded non significant difference in a comparison with those healthy subjects. Biochemical changes in serum, total serum protein (TSP)and serum albumin levels pointed out significant decrease (P<0.01) in hyperthyroid subjects, while serum globulin values showed non significant decrease when compared with those control subjects. More over, the present study was also involved determination of sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) levels in both serum and urine samples of hyperthyroid patients. Sodium values showed significant increase (P<0.01) in both serum and urine samples. While , results of potassium showed non significant decrease in both serum and urine samples of hyperthyroid subjects when compared with control subjects. Total serum cholesterol levels showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in comparison with control subjects. In addition, results of serum triglycerides showed significant decrease (P<0.01) when compared with those healthy subjects . In view of the changes summarized, the increase or decrease in some hematological and biochemical parameters may be attributed to hyper metabolic state which arise due to higher production of thyroid hormones which, in turn, affect most of body tissues.
Forecasting Cash Use in Legal and Illegal Activities

A general econometric model is developed and used to estimate the share of cash in consumer point-of-sale transactions in Norway over 1980-99. The share of cash fell from 90% during the 1980s to 50% in 1999, primarily due to debit card growth. Additional data from banks, stores, and elsewhere give an estimate of the total use of cash in legal activities. The stock of cash that is unaccounted for is an estimate of cash used in illegal activities. This totals 10% of GDP and has risen by 63% over 5 years. Projections of future cash use are also made.
Why capital maintenance should be a key development tool

We study optimal growth model a la Nelson and Phelps (1966) where labor resources can be allocated either to production, technology adoption or capital maintenance. We first characterize the balanced growth paths of a benchmark model without maintenance. Then we introduce the maintenance activity via the depreciation rate of capital. We characterize the optimal allocation of labor across the three activities. Through maintenance deepens the technological gap by diverting labor ressources from adoption, we find that it generally increases the long run output level. Moreover we find that long term output response to policy shocks is slightly higher in the presence of maintenance.
Retailer involvement in new product development in the food industry

Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration.
Algal-nutrient dynamics in fresh waters: direct and indirect effects of zooplankton grazing and nutrient remineralization

The Environmental Institute at Oklahoma State University has as its mission to serve as a center for stimulation and promotion of interdisciplinary research, graduate education and public education relating to understanding, protecting, utilizing and sustaining the natural environment. The federally supported Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute, created under Section 104 of the Water Resources Research Act, is one of 54 Water Institutes. In Fiscal Year 2003, the $84,234 grant to OWRRI was matched by $174,338 in non-federal money. These funds supported three research projects and water research administration and development activities as well as the information transfer program. The three research projects supported by the OWRRI program are as follows: Project 2003OK28B Facilitating the Tenkiller Utilities Authority Public Water Decision Project develops and assesses the efficacy of a protocol for the facilitation of water distribution-related disputes. Project 2003OK17B Dual sensor for detecting xenobiotics and microorganisms is basic research supporting the development of a sensor to detect contaminants in drinking water. Project 2003OK16B Algal-nutrient dynamics in fresh waters: direct and indirect effects of zooplankton grazing and nutrient remineralization examine the role and magnitude of planktonic consumer-driven nutrient regeneration in mesotrophic Lake Texoma.
X CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORTING OF TOP 250 COMPANIES : RECENT EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMY

The aim of the research is to determine the intensity of corporate governance reporting and disclosure by the top 250 public listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia. Subsequently, this study determines whether corporate governance reporting has any significant relationship with firm’s performance. Using the corporate governance disclosure index, top 250 public listed company’s annual report is examined and the scores are recorded for each disclosure item stated. Finding of the study revealed that there is no specific pattern on corporate governance reporting among the Top 250 PLCs in Malaysia and the disclosure index. Some companies had provided a concise and detailed disclosure on every aspect of governance matters as compared to others. The findings also show that there is a very weak negative relationship between the governance score and firm’s performance. This finding indicates that corporate governance mechanism in Malaysia is not specifically for the purpose of enhancing the firm performance but as an important element for directors to perform their oversight responsibilities and efficiently monitor the management.
Response to comments of referee # 1 Minor Comments

Sea salt aerosol (SSA) is one of the major components of primary aerosols and has significant impact on the formation of secondary inorganic particles mass on a global scale. In this study, the fully online coupled WRF-Chem model 20 was utilized to evaluate the SSA emission scheme and its influence on the nitrate simulation in a case study in Europe during September 10-20, 2013. Meteorological conditions near the surface, wind pattern, and thermal stratification structure were well reproduced by the model. Nonetheless, the coarse mode (PM1-10) particle mass concentration was substantially overestimated due to the overestimation of SSA and nitrate. Compared to filter measurements at 4 EMEP stations (coastal stations: Bilthoven, Kollumerwaard and Vredepeel; inland station: Melpitz), the model overestimated SSA concentrations by 25 a factor of 8-20. We found that this overestimation was mainly caused by overestimated SSA emissions over the North Sea during September 16-20. Over the coastal regions, SSA was injected into the continental free troposphere through an “aloft bridge” (about 500 to 1000 meters above the ground), a result of the different thermodynamic properties and planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure between continental and marine regions. The injected SSA was further transported inland and mixed downward to the surface through downdraft and PBL turbulence. This process extended the influence of SSA to a 30 larger downwind region, for example, leading to an overestimation of SSA at Melpitz, Germany by a factor of ~20. As a result, the nitrate partitioning fraction (ratio between particulate nitrate and the summation of particulate nitrate and gasphase nitric acid) increased by about 20% for the coarse mode nitrate due to the overestimation of SSA at Melpitz. However, no significant difference in the partitioning fraction for the fine mode nitrate was found. About 140% overestimation of the coarse mode nitrate resulted from the influence of SSA at Melpitz. On the other hand, the overestimation of SSA inhibited 35 the nitrate particle formation in the fine mode by about 20%, because of the increased consumption of precursor by coarse mode nitrate formation.
Motives of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: the Application of Q-methodology

OCB(organizational citizenship behavior) is a employee behavior that goes above and beyond the call of duty, that is discretionary and not explicitly recognized by the employing organization`s formal reward system, and that contributes to organizational effectiveness. In a word, OCB has great potential as a organizational slack. As such, researchers have been showing great interest in the antecedents of OCB, and as a result, now we can meet so many antecedents of OCB from individual level variables to group or organizational level variables that are said to be important in explaining OCB. Additionally each of these variables is known to have its own sound logic and statistically significant effect on OCB. However the results of these studies are so fragmented that researchers have a great difficulty in drawing some meaningful or coherent conclusions. In this context, we try to applicate Q-methodology to find more coherent way of explaining the motives of OCB, and briefly speaking, we find four types of the motives of OCB, that is norm-based, instrumentality-based, trait-based, and avoidance-based type. Among these the last avoidance-based type is especially interesting, because we can`t find any remarks on this type in the previous studies. The paper ends with suggestions for future research directions. We expect that these suggestions could be a foundation on which more developed and coherent OCB theories stand. We don`t see this approach supplanting earlier efforts; rather we believe this can offer more detailed explanation in addition to those provided by other approaches.
Interdependent security experiments

This paper analyzes the behavior of subjects in interdependent security experiments which exhibit strategic complementarity. In these experiments, subjects decide whether to pay to mitigate the risk of a loss, but the exact risk depends on the actions of other subjects. Two ranked equilibria exist, and the efficient equilibrium is for all agents to pay for the mitigation. Subjects in the interdependent security experiments rarely coordinate on the efficient equilibrium. Coordination is slightly more common in similar coordination games without the risk mitigation decision. The experiments also compare the effectiveness of two policies at inducing higher levels of mitigation.
Structural equivalence and the Neo-Pi-R: Implications for the applicability of the five-factor model of personality in an African context

The NEO-PI-R is one of the most widely used and researched operationalisations of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality (McCrae & Allik, 2002, McCrae & Terraccianno, 2005). Considerable evidence exists in terms of its replicability across cultures leading researchers to conclude that the NEO-PI-R and by extension the FFM are universally applicable. This paper, by virtue of reviewing appropriate literature, argues that evidence for the structural equivalence of the NEO-PI-R, while appropriate in Western cultures, is lacking in non-Western, and specifically African cultures. This is discussed with particular reference to the existence of other factors which are not tapped by this model and which would merit further research.
Characterization of Amylase, Cellulase and Proteinase Enzyme in Stomach and Intestine of the Mekong Giant Catfish Fed with Various Diets Consisting of Spirulina

The amylase, cellulase and proteinase enzyme from the stomach and intestine of the Mekong Giant Catfish that had been fed with various diets consisting of Spirulina, were studied at pH 2-12 and at temperatures between 25-80oC. T his s tudy f ound t hat; a mylase activities of the s tomach were al kaline am ylase and the optimal temperatures to be 25 and 50oC. Amylase activities of the intestine were neutral amylase as well as alkaline amylase and the opti mal temperature range was at 25-30o C. The cellulase activiti es w ere acidic cellulase and alkaline cellulase in both the stomach and the intestine. In the stomach, the acidic cellulase showed the optimal temperatures to be at 30, 40 and 50oC, however alkaline cellulase were 30 and 50oC. In the intestine, acidic cellulase showed the optimal temperatures to be at 25, 60 and 70oC and the alkaline cellulase to be 80oC. For proteinase activity, the stomach was acidic proteinase and alkaline proteinase, but the intestine was alkaline proteinase. The acidic proteinase activities of the stomach showed the optimal temperatures to be at 40, 50 and 60oC and the alkaline proteinase activity proved to be at 40, 60 and 70oC. The optimal conditions for amylase enzy mes showed the higher specific activity in the intestine than in the stomach including the proteinase enzyme. At room temperature (25-30oC), amylase and proteinase specific acitivity dominated in the intestine, while cellulase specific activity dominated in the stomach.
Reconstruction of monthly NAO and EU indices back to AD 1675

Instrumental station pressure, temperature and precipitation measurements and proxy data were used to statistically reconstruct monthly time series of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Eurasian (EU) circulation indices back to 1675. Systematic testing of the reconstruction procedure indicated generally reliable reconstructions throughout the entire period, except for summertime before about 1750. Predictive skill varied for different sub‐periods depending on data availability. It was highest for autumn and winter and was generally better for the EU than for the NAO index. Wavelet analysis suggested significant low‐frequency variability, especially for the spring, summer and annual averaged indices. The co‐variability between the NAO and EU indices was found to exhibit large decadal to century timescale variations, indicating that climate variability over the continent is temporarily decoupled from the NAO.
Natural forest Planted Forests Primary Naturally regenerated forests Semi-Natural Plantation

• Controversies about the expansion of planted forests develop amidst confusion about terminology, its scope and definition, and the fact that many terms are ideologically loaded. • In this context, it is surprising to find that very few attempts have been made to propose typologies and to strictly define categories for such man-made ecosystems. • There are conceptual and scope differences between definitions, categorizations and typologies. Specifically, typologies require mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive categories, and are the focus of our analysis. • It is important to have purpose-oriented typologies, i.e. defined to serve a given policy objective that provides flexibility in the design and use of such typologies to address specific questions, and avoids the great challenge of dealing with multidimensionality with many variables • Our case study of the opposition between small-scale versus large-scale planted forests, which is a prominent distinction supposed to inform on impacts, actually shows confusion between scale and ownership as discriminative variables. In addition, this classic opposition fails to acknowledge the contrasting contexts as illustrated by case studies in Australia and Indonesia where small and large mean and imply very different things. • There remains a need for both a universally recognized typology produced by consensus to enable the release of statistics and fruitful debates, and purpose-oriented typologies produced by stakeholders in given contexts to inform specific policies. CIFOR infobriefs provide concise, accurate, peer-reviewed information on current topics in forest research
ESG performance and corporate financial performance: an empirical study of the US technology sector

The purpose of this research is to investigate the link between ESG performance and corporate financial performance, both from a management and a market perspective, for the technology industry in the US. Focusing on one industry leads to more conclusive results than previous research conducted across-industry. The approach used also helps to give a broad picture of the relationship between the overall ESG performance and corporate financial performance.
Dissipative Hyperbolic Geometric Flow

In this paper we introduce a new kind of hyperbolic geometric flows — dissipative hyperbolic geometric flow. This kind of flow is defined by a system of quasilinear wave equations with dissipative terms. Some interesting exact solutions are given, in particular, a new concept — hyperbolic Ricci soliton is introduced and some of its geometric properties are described. We also establish the short-time existence and uniqueness theorem for the dissipative hyperbolic geometric flow, and prove the nonlinear stability of the flow defined on the Euclidean space of dimension larger than 2. Wave character of the evolving metrics and curvatures is illustrated and the nonlinear wave equations satisfied by the curvatures are derived.
Soil and atmospheric water deficits and the distribution of New Zealand's indigenous tree species

Summary 1. An extensive data set describing the composition of New Zealand’s remaining indigenous forests was used to estimate the degree of correlation between measures of both soil and atmospheric water deficit and the distribution of common tree species. 2. For most species, regression models incorporating measures of air saturation deficit in early autumn, as well as an annual integral of root zone water deficit, provided the best explanation of spatial distribution. This accords strongly with the mechanistic effects of air saturation deficits on transpiration from trees, and the hydraulic risks experienced by trees under high evaporative demand. 3. Adjustment of root zone water deficits to account for reductions in rainfall in dry years substantially improved model predictions. This suggests that extreme climatic events, such as the El Nino phase of the Southern Oscillation, are likely to have strongly influenced the historic composition of forests in New Zealand’s drier eastern lowlands.