Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the Clostridium difficile toxin A gene

The gene encoding the toxin A protein of Clostridium difficile (strain VPI 10463) was cloned and sequenced. The coding region of 8,133 base pairs had a mol% G + C of 26.9 and encodes 2,710 amino acids. The deduced polypeptide has a molecular mass of ca. 308 kilodaltons. Nearly a third of the gene, at the 3' end, consists of 38 repeating sequences. The repeating units were grouped into two classes, I and II, on the basis of length and the low levels of DNA sequence similarities between them. There were seven class I repeating units, each containing 90 nucleotides, and 31 class II units, which, with two exceptions, were either 60 or 63 nucleotides in length. On the basis of DNA sequence similarities, the class II repeating units were further segregated into subclasses: 7 class IIA, 13 class IIB, 5 class IIC, and 6 class IID. The dipeptide tyrosine-phenylalanine was found in all 38 repeating units, and other amino acid sequences were unique to a specific class or subclass. This region of the protein has epitopes for the monoclonal antibody PCG-4 and includes the binding region for the Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc carbohydrate receptor. Located 1,350 base pairs upstream from the toxin A translation start site is the 3' end of the toxin B gene. Between the two toxin genes is a small open reading frame, which encodes a deduced polypeptide of ca. 16 or 19 kilodaltons. The role of this open reading frame is unknown.
"What does sexual harassment education have to do with sport management courses?": An analysis of sexual harassment and sexual assault education in sport management curriculum

Sexual harassment and sexual assault have gained a great deal of media attention throughout the past several years. More than 200 colleges and universities across the US have been under federal investigation for Title IX violations. Between 20% and 25% of women attending higher education institutions will be the victim of completed or attempted sexual assault during their college careers (Fisher et al., 2000). Sport has been described as a space possessing a permissive rape culture due to its overtly masculine culture (Kidd, 1990). Further demonstrating this belief, research has shown that male athletes were overrepresented in reports of perpetrators of sexual assault, abuse, and intimidation (Fritner & Rubinson, 1993). Both sport organizations and sport management programs in higher education have been found to be maledominated students (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014; Jones et al., 2008; Lapchick, 2014a; Lapchick 2015). Industries that are male-dominated in nature have higher levels of sexual harassment, incivility, and passive aggressive behaviors compared to gender even or female-dominated organizations (Willness et al., 2007). The current research project examined the extent to which undergraduate and graduate sport management students were exposed to education and training on sexual harassment and sexual assault in the classroom and internship setting. Results indicated that less than 50% of students are exposed to education on sexual harassment (46.1%) or sexual assault (35.9%) in the classroom, and less than 40% are exposed to training on sexual harassment (39.6%) or sexual assault (28.4%) in the internship setting. Students indicated discussing these topics in most classes offered in sport management departments including: gender in sport, introduction to sport management, sport marketing, sport ethics, sport law, HR management, organizational behavior, and intercollegiate athletics. However, percentages were relatively low for most courses. Students also indicated discussing and being trained on these issues in the following ways: definitions of sexual harassment, legal consequences, prevalence in the work place and on college campuses, ways to decrease sexual harassment, Title IX, the Civil Rights Act, risk management, and human resource management. However, many student only learned about definitions, legal consequences, and statistics on prevalence.
Serotonergic function in major depression and effect of sertraline and paroxetine treatment

We investigated platelet [14C]serotonin (5-HT) uptake and lysergic acid diethylamide [N-methyl-3H] ([3H]LSD)- and phenyl-6′-paroxetine ([3H]paroxetine) binding in 30 patients with major depression at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with either paroxetine or sertraline. The study was of a double-blind design. Baseline data was compared with an age- and gender-matched group of healthy volunteers. Baseline Vmax was significantly lower in patients than in controls. Bmax for [3H]paroxetine binding were similar in patients and controls, but patients who suffered their first depression had significantly lower Bmax for [3H]paroxetine binding than patients who had suffered multiple depressions. Twenty-three patients (76%) (13 in the paroxetine group and 10 in the sertraline group) responded to treatment as judged by a 50% or more reduction in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores after 6 months of treatment. There were no significant differences between the paroxetine and sertraline treated groups. Both paroxetine and sertraline caused a significant reduction in Vmax and a significant increase in Km. There was a strong correlation between Km and plasma drug concentration in patients who experienced their first depression but not in patients who had suffered multiple episodes. Bmax for [3H]paroxetine binding increased after paroxetine treatment while the opposite occurred after sertraline treatment. There was a significant interaction between the impact of drug and earlier depressions. All patients included in the study had been drug free for at least 2 months. Earlier antidepressant treatment may have long withstanding effects on the serotonin uptake machinery but it cannot be excluded that the sensitivity of the uptake mechanism may become more resistant to change in patients with recurrent depressive episodes.
Examining the Evolution of a Teacher Induction Program In A Diverse, Urban, Southeastern School District

key words, and full text for all result types (articles, studies, books, etc.) for each search. Steps were taken to ensure articles were timely and published in a peer-reviewed journal or other publication. Subsequent searches were conducted using the terms beginning teacher support, mentoring and induction, teacher induction program structure, and teacher induction program implementation. In addition, references and
Polymeric nanoparticles for the drug delivery to the central nervous system

Background: Nanoparticulate polymeric systems (nanoparticles [Np]) have been widely studied for the delivery of drugs to a specific target site. This approach has been recently considered for the therapy of brain diseases. The major problem in accessing the CNS is linked to the presence of the blood–brain barrier. Objective: The present review deals with the different strategies that have been developed in order to allow Np drug carriers entry into the CNS parenchyma. Among these, the use of magnetic Np, Np conjugation with ligands for blood–brain barrier receptors, with antibodies, and the use of surfactants have been considered. Methods: All the literature available is reviewed in order to highlight the potential of this drug delivery system to be used as a drug carrier for the treatment of CNS pathologies. Conclusions: Polymeric Np have been shown to be promising carriers for CNS drug delivery due to their potential both in encapsulating drugs, hence protecting them from excretion and metabolism, and in delivering active agents across the blood–brain barrier without inflicting any damage to the barrier. Different polymers have been used and different strategies have been applied; among these, the use of specific ligands to enhance the specificity of drugs delivered to the CNS has recently been considered. At present, clinical trials are being conducted appeared for the use of these drug carriers but none related to the treatment of CNS diseases.
Business Cycles in a Two-Sector Growth Model with Heterogeneous Households and Endogenous Human Capital

This paper generalizes the dynamic growth model of heterogeneous households with wealth accumulation and human capital accumulation proposed by Zhang (2015). The original model deals with economic mechanisms of how the richest one per cent of the population own 50% of national wealth. It shows the dynamic interdependence between wealth accumulation, human capital accumulation, division of labor, and time distribution under perfect competition. The study simulated a case with three groups of the population, the rich 1%, the middle, 69%, and the poor 20%. It demonstrated the existence of an equilibrium point at which the rich 1% own more than half of the national wealth and the poor 20% less than 10% of the national wealth. This study generalizes Zhang's model by making all the time-independent parameters as time-dependent parameters. We demonstrate how the system reacts to exogenous periodic perturbations.
Brief coping skills treatment for cocaine abuse: substance use outcomes at three months.

AIMS Coping skills training, a promising treatment approach for alcoholics, was adapted for use with cocaine abusers and effects on outcome were investigated. DESIGN A cocaine-specific coping skills training (CST) package was compared to an attention placebo control when both were added to a comprehensive treatment program. SETTING The sites were two private substance abuse treatment facilities, one residential and rural, and one an urban partial hospital. PARTICIPANTS Substance abusers in treatment with cocaine abuse or dependence were selected. INTERVENTION The CST intervention was conducted in individual sessions. It involved functional analysis of high risk situations and coping skills training based on the functional analysis. FINDINGS Clients who received CST had significantly fewer cocaine use days and the length of their longest binge was significantly shorter during the 3-month follow-up period compared to clients in the control condition. CST did not affect relapse rates or use of other substances. CONCLUSIONS Results support the notion that cocaine-specific CST is a promising adjunct to treatment for cocaine abusers.
Patent pools, vertical integration, and downstream competition

Patent pools are commonly used to license technologies to manufacturers. Whereas previous studies focused on manufacturers active in independent markets, we analyze pools licensing to competing manufacturers, allowing for multiple licensors and nonlinear tariffs. We find that the impact of pools on welfare depends on the industry structure: whereas they are procompetitive when no manufacturer is integrated with a licensor, the presence of vertically integrated manufacturers triggers a novel trade‐off between horizontal and vertical price coordination. Specifically, pools are anticompetitive if the share of integrated firms is large, procompetitive otherwise. We then formulate information‐free policies to screen anticompetitive pools.
HRM and innovation: the mediating role of market-sensing capability and the moderating role of national power distance

Abstract This paper examines the mechanism through which HRM practices promote firms’ innovation and how this relationship differs across cultures. Based on a data-set of 3755 firms from 13 countries, this study finds that in most countries employee-oriented HRM practices that dedicate attention to employee needs and interests are positively related to firms’ market-sensing capability, which is the capability to continuously learn about their markets. Market-sensing capability is in turn significantly related to firms’ product and process innovation. Cross-country examination further reveals that in high power distance countries employee-oriented HRM practices have a stronger positive effect than in low power distance countries. This study highlights the importance of HRM in supporting the use organizations make of external knowledge, which is critical for organizational innovation. Bringing an external perspective, we complement existing literature that emphasizes the role of HRM in integrating internal knowledge. Our cross-cultural findings contribute to the understanding of cultural contingency in HRM theories.
Contribution of pancreatic edema and short-term ischemia to experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat. II. Behaviour of serum parameters.

The biochemical characterization of experimental acute pancreatitis was performed by determination of the secretory enzymes lipase and alpha-amylase, of the cytoplasmic ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), of total protein and calcium concentration in serum of rats. The moderate and protracted course of the pathological process in the small animal model presented allowed to study the initial phase from 1-24 h. In the first 4-8 h most massive enzyme release into the intravasal space was observed. The level of enzyme activities was correlating with the severity of assault. One noxa alone (ischemia or juice edema) resulted in a moderate enzyme release (lipase : 2-2.5 fold of control). The action of both noxae caused a drastical increase in enzyme activities in the initial phase lipase : 8-20 fold, ALAT: 7 fold, alpha-Amylase: 2.5 fold). 24 h postoperatively the serum enzyme activities were at distinct pathological level. At this time acute pancreatitis provoked already a decreased serum protein content. A hypocalcemia was not observed.
Temporal progressive antigen expression in radial glia after contusive spinal cord injury in adult rats

In the development of the CNS, radial glial cells are among the first cells derived from neuroepithelial cells. Recent studies have reported that radial glia possess properties of neural stem cells. We analyzed the antigen expression and distribution of radial glia after spinal cord injury (SCI). Sprague‐Dawley rats had a laminectomy at Th11‐12, and spinal cord contusion was created by compression with 30g of force for 10 min. In the injury group, rats were examined at 24 h and 1, 4, and 12 weeks after injury. Frozen sections of 20‐μm thickness were prepared from regions 5 and 10 mm rostral and caudal to the injury epicenter. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibodies to 3CB2 (a specific marker for radial glia), nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). At 1 week after injury, radial glia that bound anti‐3CB2 MAb had spread throughout the white matter from below the pial surface. From 4 weeks after injury, 3CB2 expression was also observed in the gray matter around the central canal, and was especially strong around the ependymal cells and around blood vessels. In double‐immunohistochemical assays for 3CB2 and GFAP or 3CB2 and nestin, coexpression was observed in subpial structures that extended into the white matter as arborizing processes and around blood vessels in the gray matter. The present study demonstrated the emergence of radial glia after SCI in adult mammals. Radial glia derived from subpial astrocytes most likely play an important role in neural repair and regeneration after SCI. GLIA 42:172–183, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti-religious Movements in Contemporary Korea

This study aims to classify broadscale anti-religious movements in Korea based on critical public sentiment and analyze the meanings of these movements. To carry out the research, global religious changes that have occurred in modern times were closely looked into first. The world religions have had an influence on the world’s religious awareness. As a result, they intend to acquire universality on their own individual grounds while keeping consistency with the past. This phenomenon used to appear to retain the identity, recreate tradition, transform itself to fit in the present times, pursue innovation, or even become overshadowed by other forms of thought such as when religions have collided with nationalism. How does Korean society perceive the changes that emerged in world religions? In general, the circumstances that Korea faces in this era tend to manifest themselves via the Internet, multimedia, and Youtube wherein they sound off on religion and this includes criticism of Christianity, demand for reformation, attack on minor religions, pro-reform academic circles and media, and the propagation of anti-theism. Criticism of religion * 이 논문은 2017년 한국학중앙연구원 연구사업 단독논문게재형 과제로 수행된 연구임 (AKSR2017-R01). ** 한국학중앙연구원 교수, E-mail: kang@aks.ac. kr 242 대순사상논총 제29집 / 연구논문 is interpreted as an anti-religious movement. The secularism and antitheism brought up by some Western scholars and critical theories of religion from scientific or historical perspectives are being spread through bookstores. Christianity is prone to reflecting on itself and trying to emphasizing a metareligious spirituality. This in short, characterizes anti-religious movements in Korea. Indeed, criticism against particular religions has also emerged in the past. However, anti-religious movements that have recently come into existence in Korea are in some regards unprecedented when compared to that of the past in terms of their patterns and context. Especially, the active anti-Christianity movement in general is definitely a new phenomenon. This research mainly focused on Christianity, but on-going anti-religious movements will be a major topic for further research that aims to understand the religious changes unfolding in Korea.
Central bank independence and stock market returns in developed countries

ABSTRACT Central bank independence (CBI) is seen in the literature and by policy-makers as being important for achieving stability of inflation and long-term welfare. However, relatively few studies directly consider the relationship between CBI and stock market returns. Using a set of 21 developed countries, over a period of 20 years, and the Morgan Stanley Capital International indices, we test the impact caused by the levels of independence of countries’ central banks. The results lead us to conclude that the ‘free lunch’ hypothesis behind CBI cannot be rejected when its impact on stock market returns is considered.
Does transfusion of residual cardiopulmonary bypass circuit blood increase postoperative bleeding? A prospective randomized study in patients undergoing on pump cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective: Homologous blood transfusion after open heart surgery puts a tremendous load on the blood banks. This prospective randomized study evaluates the efficacy of infusing back residual cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit i.e., pump blood as a means to reduce homologous transfusion after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and whether its use increases postoperative drainage. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven consecutive patients who underwent elective CABGs under CPB were randomized into 2 groups: (1) cases where residual pump blood was used and (2) controls where residual pump blood was not used. Patients were monitored for hourly drainage on the day of surgery and the 1st postoperative day and the requirements of homologous blood and its products. Data were matched regarding change in Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and coagulation parameters till 1st postoperative day. All cases were followed up for three years. Results: There was a marginal reduction in bleeding pattern in the early postoperative period in the cases compared to controls. The requirement of homologous blood and its products were also reduced in the cases. Conclusions: The use of CPB circuit blood is safe in the immediate postoperative period. The requirement of homologous blood transfusion can come down if strict transfusion criteria are maintained.
Facial characteristics are not distinctive features for the acrofacial dysostosis syndrome type Kennedy–Teebi

With great interest we read the article by Shelly J. Kennedy and Ahmed S. Teebi entitled ‘‘Newly Recognized Autosomal Recessive Acrofacial Dysostosis Syndrome Resembling Nager Syndrome (NS) ’’ [2004]. They propose that the two siblings in this report have a new type of acrofacial dysostosis because of the following features that are not part of the NS phenotype: microcephaly, blepharophimosis, microtia, a peculiar beaked nose, cleft lip, symmetrical involvement of the thumbs, and of the great toes and developmental delay. Recently, we saw the non-consanguineous parents of a boy who died from respiratory failure 2 days after birth. His birth length was 50 cm (40th centile), head circumference 31.5 cm (2nd centile). He had blepharophimosis, a peculiar beaked nose, low set and dysplastic ears, malar hypoplasia, a long smooth philtrum, micrognatia, and a cleft palate (Fig. 1). His hands showed wrist contractures, and the left thumb was absent while the right thumb was hypoplastic (Fig. 1). There was an abnormal position of the toes, all laterally deviated with anteflexion (Fig. 1). The blepharophimosis and the peculiar beaked nose are reminiscent of the two patients described by Kennedy and Teebi. Our patient however was not microcephalic, had a cleft palate without a cleft lip and his extremities were asymmetrically involved. Most features of our case are thus consistent with the diagnosis of NS although the facial features are suggestive of the Kennedy–Teebi type of acrofacial dysostosis [Opitz et al., 1993]. Since the Kennedy–Teebi type has thus far only been described in two siblings, it is not yet a well-delineated entity. Our case suggests that the facial features described can also be part of the NS phenotype and therefore do not distinguish between the two acrofacial dysostoses.
Comparative Study of TPep-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Central Nervous System of Nudibranch Molluscs

In the sea slug Tritonia diomedea, mucociliary crawling is controlled partly by two pairs of bilaterally symmetrical neurons located in the pedal ganglia. These neurons, known as the Pedal 5 and Pedal 6 cells, produce a class of neuropeptides called TPeps. Using immunohistochemistry we identified TPep-like immunoreactive (TPep-LIR) neurons in diverse nudibranch species. All species examined had 2–7 large, TPep-LIR cells located in each pedal ganglion. The absolute size of the largest TPep-LIR neuron was correlated with foot size. Species with a bigger foot size tended to have larger TPep-LIR cells. However, the number of cells in a given species was not correlated with the size of the adult foot. The presence of large, TPep-LIR cells across the nudibranchs suggests that part of the neural circuitry controlling mucociliary locomotion has been conserved, although the size and number of cells is variable across species. We conclude that the motor circuit underlying crawling might adapt to changes in foot size by changing the size of motor neurons in the circuit, but that changes in cell number are not directly related to foot size.