Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bone Status among Postmenopausal Women with Different Habitual Caffeine Intakes: A Longitudinal Investigation

Objective: Caffeine consumption has been proposed as a risk factor for bone loss in postmenopausal women. Past epidemiologic studies on caffeine and bone have been confounded by covariates including cigarette and alcohol use, differing levels of physical activity and hormone replacement therapy. The purpose of the study was to use a longitudinal design to determine the relationship between habitual dietary caffeine intake and postmenopausal bone status. Methods: Data were collected at two time points separated by two years; 138 women with little or no exposure to tobacco or to drugs known to affect bone status were seen at Visit 1, and 112 returned for Visit 2. Ninety-two of these subjects had received no drugs known to affect bone status over the two-year interval and were kept in the sample. Nutrient and caffeine intake were assessed from three-day diet records. Bone measurements were made by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Correlation analyses indicated no association between dietary caffeine intake and total body or femoral neck bone density or bone mass. Similarly, no associations were found between caffeine consumption and longitudinal changes in total body or femoral neck bone measurements. These results held true both with and without statistical adjustment for calcium intake. Conclusions: This study does not support the idea that caffeine is a risk factor for bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
Substantive Implementation with Symbolic Silence: The Strategic Publication of Certification Status

In this article, we examine why organizations may at times substantively implement a practice, but choose not to symbolically signal such implementation. Central to our theory is the notion that concerns about being perceived as a hypocrite may cause organizations to remain symbolically silent about their organizational activities. Using a longitudinal panel of corporations that obtained a prominent environmental certification, we show that organizations are less likely to publicize their certification status when recent organizational activities directly contradict the claims implied by the certification and when such contradictions are readily apparent and understood. These findings contribute to the organizational literature by introducing a more nuanced form of decoupling and exploring an overlooked distinction between obtaining and publicizing certifications. They also help to delineate new boundary conditions under which firms will make prosocial claims and provide insights into how corporations strategically communicate with external constituents about their sustainability initiatives.
Culturally responsive teaching within professional development schools: A mixed-methods investigation of the three-student project

The year 2014 marked the deadline for school districts across the country to comply with the No Child Left Behind legislation. Yet, achievement gaps between Whites and Blacks, present during the year of implementation of the legislation, are still present today. While many interventions and school reforms have been launched since 2001, theoretical frameworks for closing racial achievement gaps have been lacking. This mixed-methods investigation of the Three-Student Project within professional development school settings was conducted to learn about culturally responsive practices perceived to have been used by participants, the impact of the Three-Student Project on student achievement and school culture, and the impact of the Three-Student Project on preparedness of student teachers to be culturally responsive practitioners. Findings suggest the Three-Student Project together with the many different culturally responsive practices present made a positive impact on school culture, student achievement, and student teachers' preparedness to become culturally responsive teachers. The achievement gap between African-Americans in the initial site and Whites statewide was closed in Mathematics and narrowed substantially in Reading. Implications of the context of implementation are discussed.
Clinical features and outcome of primary effusion lymphoma in HIV-infected patients: a single-institution study.

PURPOSE To describe the clinical features and outcome of HIV-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and to compare them with those of the other HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). PATIENTS AND METHODS From April 1987 to June 2002, 277 patients with HIV infection and systemic NHL were diagnosed and treated in our institution. Clinical features and outcome of PEL patients were compared with the features and outcomes of 162 patients belonging to the following histologic subtypes: plasmoblastic lymphoma of oral cavity (PBLOC, n = 11), immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL, n = 76), and centroblastic B-cell lymphoma (CBCL, n = 75). RESULTS Among the 277 NHL patients, PEL was diagnosed in 11 patients (4%). Eight of 11 patients were treated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)-like regimen. Complete remission was reached in 42% of patients, with a median survival time of 6 months. When the clinical features and outcome of 11 PEL patients were compared with the other three groups of patients affected by NHL, at the onset of the disease, no statistically significant differences were observed in demographic data, CD4 absolute number, HIV viremia plasma levels, and clinical characteristics. When we compared the outcome of PEL patients with the CBCL group, a statistically significant worse outcome was observed; however, the clinical outcome of PEL patients was not significantly different from the outcome observed in the other two groups (PBLOC and IBL groups). CONCLUSION PEL is a rare HIV-associated NHL type occurring as a late manifestation of HIV infection with a poor clinical outcome and a shorter overall survival compared with CBCL patients.
Inheritance of broodiness in the domestic fowl.

Broodiness is a behavioural trait observed in most common breeds of domestic fowl with the exception of the White Leghorn. The genetics of broodiness has been investigated and has produced conflicting observations: some authors have produced evidence suggesting that the trait is polygenic with a major sex-linked effect (review Hutt, 1949; Saeki, 1957; Saeki and Inoue, 1979), while others found no evidence of sex-linked genes for broodiness in the Rhode Island Red (Hays, 1940). The aim of this study was to reassess the possibility that there is a major gene located on the Z chromosome implicated in the control of broodiness. The identification of the location of such a gene or its markers would facilitate marker-assisted selection against broodiness.
INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE 0.7-MG IMPLANT FOR RADIATION MACULAR EDEMA AFTER PROTON BEAM THERAPY FOR CHOROIDAL MELANOMA

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone 0.7-mg intravitreal implant in patients with radiation macular edema after proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma. Methods: Five patients' charts were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures were visual acuity and mean central retinal thickness. Results: All patients received a radiation dose of 60 cobalt gray equivalent. Radiation macular edema occurred within a mean time of 26 months after irradiation. Mean preinjection visual acuity was 41 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. Mean central retinal thickness was 487.1 &mgr;m. Two months after injection, mean visual acuity was 47 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. It improved for 3 patients (+4, +9 and, +15 letters) and remained unchanged for 2. Mean central retinal thickness was 331 &mgr;m. It decreased for 4 patients (−111, −134, −336, and −187 &mgr;m). Two patients underwent a second injection of dexamethasone performed 5 months after the first injection. The gain of visual acuity was +8 and +23 letters with a decrease in central retinal thickness of 158 and 262 &mgr;m, respectively. Intraocular pressure increased for 1 patient over a mean follow-up period of 6.4 months. Conclusion: Intravitreal dexamethasone implant can improve visual acuity in radiation macular edema. The observed beneficial effect lasted up to 5 months.
Relationship of gambling with tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use among adolescents in the USA: Review of the literature 2000-2014.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adolescence is a time during which not only gambling, but also tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use, usually begin. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of the literature on gambling and its associations with tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use among US youth. METHODS An electronic literature search of PubMed and PsycInfo was conducted for studies since 2000 using the keywords "smoking," "tobacco," "nicotine," "cigarette," "gambling," "adolescence," "adolescent," "alcohol," and "substance use. " Ten articles with unique adolescent samples were located. Because the articles varied in regard to definitions of gambling, tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, we provide a qualitative review of included studies. RESULTS Gambling prevalence rates ranged from 44.3% to 68% in national telephone-based surveys, from 24.4% to 86% among students in school-based surveys, and from 22.5% to 47.4% in surveys of convenience samples. Significant associations were reported between gambling and tobacco use (4/7 articles), gambling and alcohol use (7/8 articles), and gambling and illicit drug use (7/8 articles). CONCLUSIONS The wide range in rates of gambling and problem gambling may be due in part to differences among the studies in participant samples, sampling techniques, assessment time frames, and definitions of gambling. Despite methodological differences, most studies showed significant associations of gambling with tobacco, alcohol, and other illicit drug use. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE As accessibility to gambling increases, more research is needed to inform prevention efforts and identify youth at-risk for gambling and other high-risk behaviors.
Phase II study of sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) in combination with gemcitabine in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: A PMH phase II consortium trial.

5084 Background: Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006; SOR) is a novel multi-targeted kinase inhibitor that targets the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and flt-3. VEGFR is over-expressed in human ovarian tumors and this is associated with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine (GEM) is known to have single-agent activity in recurrent ovarian cancer (OC). A recent phase I study of GEM/SOR has demonstrated manageable toxicity and some objective responses in recurrent OC patients. We have designed a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy of this novel combination in patients with recurrent OC. METHODS A two-stage, phase II clinical trial is underway for women with recurrent or refractory OC. Eligible patients may have received up to 2 prior lines of chemotherapy following recurrence, but must be GEM-naive. The treatment consists of SOR, 400mg PO bid continuously, in combination with GEM, IV weekly, 1000 mg/m2. Cycle 1 is an extended cycle of 7 weeks of GEM followed by a 1-week break. GEM is administered weekly for the first 3 weeks of each subsequent 4-week cycle. The primary endpoint is objective response rate, with response evaluated every 8 weeks. RESULTS 26 patients have been enrolled at 3 centers. 84 cycles have been administered (median 3; range 1-10). Median age was 57 (range: 37-77). 42% were ECOG PS 0 and 58% were PS 1. Of 18 patients evaluable for objective response, 1 patient had a confirmed PR by RECIST criteria and 5 patients had a confirmed PR by CA-125 criteria, yielding a combined RR of 33% in evaluable patients (RR by ITT = 23%). An additional 10 patients had SD. The median time to progression is 7.6 months (95% CI: 5.6-NA). 7 patients are inevaluable for objective response due to the following in cycle 1: withdrawal of consent (3), toxicity (2), and clinical PD (2). 1 patient on-study is yet to have a response evaluation. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities seen in more than 2 patients include: lymphopenia (8), thrombocytopenia (6), hypertension (3), hand-foot syndrome (3), pain (3), neutropenia (3) and hypokalemia (3). CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results show encouraging activity with tolerable toxicity. This trial continues to accrue into a second stage. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Orthopnea and tidal expiratory flow limitation in chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND Tidal expiratory flow limitation (FL) is common in patients with acute left heart failure and contributes significantly to orthopnea. Whether tidal FL exists in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remains to be determined. PURPOSES To measure tidal FL and respiratory function in CHF patients and their relationships to orthopnea. METHODS In 20 CHF patients (mean [+/- SD] ejection fraction, 23 +/- 8%; mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure [sPAP], 46 +/- 18 mm Hg; mean age, 59 +/- 11 years) and 20 control subjects who were matched for age and gender, we assessed FL, Borg score, spirometry, maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), mouth occlusion pressure 100 ms after the onset of inspiratory effort (P(0.1)), and breathing pattern in both the sitting and supine positions. The Medical Research Council score and orthopnea score were also determined. RESULTS In the sitting position, tidal FL was absent in all patients and healthy subjects. In CHF patients, Pimax was reduced, and ventilation and P(0.1)/Pimax ratio was increased relative to those of control subjects. In the supine position, 12 CHF patients had FL and 18 CHF patients claimed orthopnea with a mean Borg score increasing from 0.5 +/- 0.7 in the sitting position to 2.7 +/- 1.5 in the supine position in CHF patients. In contrast, orthopnea was absent in all control subjects. The FL patients were older than the non-FL patients (mean age, 63 +/- 8 vs 53 +/- 12 years, respectively; p < 0.03). In shifting from the seated to the supine position, the P(0.1)/Pimax ratio and the effective inspiratory impedance increased more in CHF patients than in control subjects. The best predictors of orthopnea in CHF patients were sPAP, supine Pimax, and the percentage change in inspiratory capacity (IC) from the seated to the supine position (r(2) = 0.64; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In sitting CHF patients, tidal FL is absent but is common supine. Supine FL, together with increased respiratory impedance and decreased inspiratory muscle force, can elicit orthopnea, whom independent indicators are sPAP, supine Pimax and change in IC percentage.
Endogenous growth and environmental policy: are the processes of growth and tertiarisation in developed economies reversible? An evolutionary perspective

The starting point for this article is the idea put forward by Gadrey (2008, 2010) that environmental problems and a policy of addressing them by introducing an environmental tax could trigger economic contraction and downscaling and a shrinking of the service sector in developed economies. The purpose of this article is to test these hypotheses using an evolutionary simulation model. To this end, we use a model of endogenous growth and structural change into which an environmental dimension is incorporated. The results of our simulations certainly reveal structural change within service industries but no change in the distribution of employment between services and manufacturing. Furthermore, we show that the environmentally desirable stagnation of labour productivity in the capital goods sector is compatible with a largely positive growth trend in the economy as a whole, with the development of knowledge-intensive business services apparently able partially to offset the stagnation of productivity in the capital goods sector. We conclude by emphasising the need for environmental innovation in service activities and casting doubt on the long-term effectiveness of an environmental tax in the fight against pollution.
A new predictor is comparable to the updated nomogram in predicting the intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer but outperforms nomogram in reducing the overtreatment for the low-risk Pca

Purposes: To develop a new predictor and update nomogram based on prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS V2) in predicting intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (IH-Pca) and reducing the overtreatment for low-risk Pca (L-Pca). Methods: All men that underwent trans-rectal ultrasound-guided 12+X-core prostate biopsy between January 2015 and June 2018 were collected and analyzed. The significant risks (SRs) of Pca were selected by univariate and multivariate analysis. All SRs were divided into four groups (0 to 3 points) based on the probability of PI-RADS. Each patient can obtain a total score (TS). The updated nomogram was established by R package version 3.0. The area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification index (NRI), calibration curves and decision curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results: There were 1,078 patients, including 640 (59%) men with normal or L-Pca (N-LPca) and 438 (41%) men with IH-Pca. The scores of TS for IH-Pca and N-LPca were 16.13±3.11 and 10.52±3.32, respectively (P<0.01). The discriminative power of TS and nomogram was comparable in predicting IH-Pca (AUCs: 0.88 vs 0.87, P=0.89), and both were greater than PSA and PI-RADS (AUCs: 0.76 vs 0.80). For NRI, NRITS vs nomogram was 1.31% (P=0.55), NRITS vs PSA was 24.13% (P<0.001) and NRITS vs PI-RADS was 13.19% (P<0.001). Compared with PSA, PI-RADS and nomogram, TS can reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, up to 71%, 60% and 38%, respectively. Conclusion: The new predictor is comparable to the updated nomogram in predicting IH-Pca, and both are better than PSA and PI-RADS. In addition, the new predictor slightly outperforms nomogram in reducing the unnecessary biopsies for L-Pca and being convenient to use.
Price Indexes for Clinical Trial Research: A Feasibility Study

We estimate hedonic price indexes for clinical trial research, an important component of biomedical R&D, using a large sample of agreements between trial sponsors and clinical investigators obtained from Medidata Solutions Worldwide Inc. Nominal prices measured as total grant cost per patient rose by a factor of 4.5 between 1989 and 2011, while the NIH Biomedical R&D Price Index (BRDPI) focused on input costs rose only 2.2-fold. Most of the disparity appears to be attributable to changes in the nature and organization of clinical trials: during this period the average number of patients per site fell substantially while "site work effort" more than doubled. After controlling for these changes in the characteristics of investigator agreements using a variety of methods based on hedonic regressions, we find that the estimated rate of inflation in clinical trials costs tracks the BDRPI very closely. Results from this study suggest that it should be feasible for statistical agencies to develop a producer price index for this type of R&D activity, contributing to broader efforts to develop a deflator for contracted R&D services.
Identification of local and circulating cancer stem cells in human liver cancer

Increasing evidence has revealed the importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in carcinogenesis. Although liver CSCs have been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, no data have shown the presence of these cells in human settings. The present study was designed to delineate CSCs serially from HCC cell lines, human liver cancer specimens to blood samples, using CD90 as a potential marker. The number of CD90+ cells increased with the tumorigenicity of HCC cell lines. CD45−CD90+ cells were detected in all the tumor specimens, but not in the normal, cirrhotic, and parallel nontumorous livers. In addition, CD45−CD90+ cells were detectable in 90% of blood samples from liver cancer patients, but none in normal subjects or patients with cirrhosis. A significant positive correlation between the number of CD45−CD90+ cells in the tumor tissues and the number of CD45−CD90+ cells in the blood samples was identified. CD90+ cells sorted from cell lines and CD45−CD90+ cells from the tumor tissues and blood samples of liver cancer patients generated tumor nodules in immunodeficient mice. Serial transplantation of CD90+ cells from tumor xenografts generated tumor nodules in a second and subsequently third batch of immunodeficient mice. Treatment of CD90+ CSCs with anti‐human CD44 antibody induced cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion: Identification of CD45−CD90+ CSCs in both tumor tissues and circulation suggests that CD45−CD90+ could be used as a marker for human liver cancer and as a target for the diagnosis and therapy of this malignancy. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
FLOCK provides reliable solutions to the "number of populations" problem.

Identifying groups of individuals forming coherent genetic clusters is relevant to many fields of biology. This paper addresses the K-partition problem: given a collection of genotypes, partition those genotypes into K groups, each group being a sample of the K source populations that are represented in the collection of genotypes. This problem involves allocating genotypes to genetic groups while building those groups at the same time without the use of any other a priori information. FLOCK is a non-Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm that uses an iterative method to partition a collection of genotypes into k groups. Rules to estimate K are formulated and their validity firmly established by running simulations under several migration rates, migration regimes, number of loci, and values of K. FLOCK tended to build clusters largely consistent with the source samples. The performance of FLOCK was also compared with that of STRUCTURE and BAPS. FLOCK provided more accurate allocations to clusters and more reliable estimates of K; it also ran much faster than STRUCTURE. FLOCK is based on an entirely novel approach and provides a true alternative to the existing, MCMC based, algorithms. FLOCK v.2. 0 for microsatellites or for AFLP markers can be downloaded from http://www.bio. ulaval.ca/no_cache/departement/professeurs/fiche_des_professeurs/professeur/11/13/.
FOMC Communication and Interest Rate Sensitivity to News

This paper examines whether communications by the Federal Open Markets Committee play a role in determining the types of macroeconomic news that financial markets pay attention to. To do so, I construct a novel measure of labor-related word use in FOMC statements and meeting minutes. I find that these word use measures are related to the amount by which interest rates' response to labor-related news exceeds their response to all other news. This relationship is especially strong for interest rates of longer maturities.