Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Baculovirus‐Host Cell Interactions on Complex N‐Linked Glycosylation of a Recombinant Human Protein

The conditions required for mammalian‐type complex N‐linked glycosylation of human proteins produced in insect cells with the baculovirus expression vector system were investigated. Marked alterations to N‐linked glycosylation of human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) were observed with different baculovirus species, insect cell lines, and cell culture media. When a recombinant Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) was used to produce SEAP in Trichoplusia ni (Tn‐4h) cells cultured in serum‐free medium, structural analyses indicated <1% hybrid and no complex oligosaccharides attached to SEAP, a typical result with the baculovirus expression vector system. However, when fetal bovine serum was added to the culture medium, 48 ± 4% of the oligosaccharides were hybrid or complex (but asialylated) glycans. When a recombinant T. ni nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnSNPV) was similarly used to express SEAP in Tn‐4h cells cultured in serum‐containing medium, only 24 ± 3% of the glycans contained terminal N‐acetylglucosamine and/or galactose residues. In contrast, SEAP produced in Sf9 cells grown in serum‐containing medium with AcMNPV contained <1% hybrid oligosaccharides and no complex oligosaccharides. The results illustrate that baculovirus type, host cell type, and the growth medium all have a strong influence on the glycosylation pathway in insect cells, resulting in significant alterations in structures and relative abundance of N‐linked glycoforms. Although the addition of sialic acid residues to the SEAP glycans was not detected, possible approaches to obtain sialylated glycans are discussed.
Parasites, Pathogens, and Polyandry in Social Insects

1. Universiteit Utrecht, Vakgroep Vergelijkende Fysiologie An extension of this hypothesis was applied to explain Projectgroep Ethologie en Socio-oecologie, The Netherlands; the occurrence of polyandry in honey bees and other so2. Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, cial Hymenoptera. Sherman et al. (1988; see also HamilCalifornia 95616 ton 1987) argue that polyandry should evolve as long as genetic variation for disease resistance is maintained in Submitted November 15, 1996; Accepted July 7, 1997 populations and a concave relationship exists between colony fitness (queen survival) and worker survival. They further suggest that species that have colonies containing larger numbers of individuals are expected to have
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND SOCIAL STIGMA

Stigma creates a barrier between the sick and the rest of society that prevents them from acting on their instinctive desire to seek curative treatment that will enable them to reenter into their every day social activity. For these ailing persons, the cost of being stigmatized far outweighs the desire to rehabilitate their lifestyle. Further, social stigma associated with infectious disease undermines the overall health of society, and the effectiveness of community efforts to offer unabridged healthcare services to treat and prevent the spread of communicable disease. In the wake of the latest pandemic influenza outbreak, the global community witnessed how under the stress H1N1, communities, regions, and countries can suffer socially and economically. Our research finds a statistically significant relationship between infectious disease and social stigma. We also identify the role the media plays in exacerbating this issue, and address preliminary policy implications to mitigate these issues in the future.
Therapeutic effects of cytokine blockade in glomerulonephritis.

striction, while initially ETB was considered coupled to vasodilation via the release of NO. Emerging evidence of an amplification loop by which ET-I stimulates its own synthesis via ETB receptor activation would possibly imply that unselective antagonists have better prospects as potential treatment of acute and chronic renal diseases characterized by enhanced intrarenal levels of ET-l. The human kidney, unlike the rat kidney, has an excess of ETB over ETA receptors and the former is even upregulated in disease. This finding would provide an additional reason to orient future clinical trials toward inhibitors capable of unselectively blocking both ETA and ETB. Indeed the time for human studies in the renal area is approaching fast, but for the above reasons results in animals will be of limited help to design clinical protocols. One can indeed anticipate that all the exciting developments in cell biology and pharmacology of endothelins will have soon a decisive impact on those diseases of the kidney-from cyclosporine nephrotoxicity to proteinuric progressive nephropathies-for which evidence of excessive local formation of the hormone is already overwhelming.
Mining Chinese comparative sentences by semantic role labeling

This paper studies the problem of mining Chinese comparative sentences in text documents by using semantic role labeling (SRL). The comparative opinion can be divided into six semantic roles: holder, entity 1, comparative predicates, entity 2, attributes and sentiments. These six opinion elements were recognized and labeled by using SRL. A corpus of Chinese comparative sentences was manually labeled at first. Then a conditional random fields (CRFs) model was trained by learn from the corpus. Finally new comparative sentences were labeled by using this CRFs model, and comparative relations were extracted afterward.
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: Cross-national and Ethnic Issues

ABSTRACT Epidemiological and clinical data from a variety of cultural and geographic settings on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and many of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, suggest that this is a group of disorders with a good degree of transcultural homogeneity. However, the content and themes that predominate in patients with these disorders, and the course of illness, can be shaped by cultural, ethnic, and religious experiences. Across cultures, OCD is commonly comorbid with mood, anxiety, and impulse-control disorders. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which culture and ethnicity may affect the expression of OCD and related disorders. Cross-national comparative studies exploring culturally influenced differences in clinical course, treatment outcome, including ethnogenetic differences in drug response, and prognosis are needed.
Satellites as Probes of the Masses of Spiral Galaxies

We present H I observations and analyses of the kinematics of 24 satellite-primary galaxy pairs with projected separations between 4.9 and 240 kpc. The satellites have masses of less than 3% of their primary spirals. Two estimates for the masses of the primaries are available, one from their rotation curves and one from the orbital properties of the satellites. Defining χ as the ratio of these two mass estimates, it is a measure of the presence, or absence, of a significant halo. The χ-distribution for these 24 pairs is presented and the selection effects are discussed. Moreover, we show that the χ-distribution of more numerous pairs, with projected separations of less than 200 kpc, identified by Zaritsky et al., after adopting selection criteria quite different from ours, is similar to our χ-distribution. We show that the observational biases have a negligible effect; the biased and unbiased distributions are essentially identical. In order to understand this distribution, N-body calculations were executed to simulate the dynamical behavior of relatively low mass satellites orbiting primary disk galaxies with and without extended halos. The models and the real galaxies were "observed" in the same fashion. In addition, we made a partially analytical analysis of the behavior of orbits in a logarithmic potential. We find that a "generic" model, characterized by a single disk/halo combination, cannot reproduce the observed P(χ) distribution. However, a simple two-component population of galaxies, composed of not more than 60% with halos and 40% without halos, is successful, if galaxies have dimensions of order 200 kpc. If galaxies are considerably larger with sizes extending to 400 kpc or more, the constraints become more onerous. No generic model can describe the full range of the observed P(χ), particularly if the distribution for rp<200 kpc is compared with that for rp>200 kpc. Regardless of the mix of orbital eccentricities, neither pure halo, nor canonical (disk and halo masses are comparable within the disk radius) models will work. A multicomponent approximation to reality can be constructed for which the canonical model must be mixed with a small fraction of systems essentially devoid of a massive dark halo. Only by including these complexities can the full range of P(χ) be modeled with any degree of success over all radial extents. We show that dynamical friction cannot be ignored in these explorations and that the average mass of a galaxy is in the range of (1-5)×1012 M☉, with a mass-to-luminosity ratio of at most a few hundred. This is insufficient to close the universe.
The bootstrap and cross‐validation in neuroimaging applications: Estimation of the distribution of extrema of random fields for single volume tests, with an application to ADC maps

We discuss the assessment of signal change in single magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on quantifying significant departure from a reference distribution estimated from a large sample of normal subjects. The parametric approach is to build a test based on the expected distribution of extrema in random fields. However, in conditions where the variance is not uniform across the volume and the smoothness of the images is moderate to low, this test may be rather conservative. Furthermore, parametric tests are limited to datasets for which distributional assumptions hold. This paper investigates resampling methods that improve statistical tests for signal changes in single images in such adverse conditions, and that can be used for the assessment of images taken for clinical purposes. Two methods, the bootstrap and cross‐validation, are compared. It is shown that the bootstrap may fail to provide a good estimate of the distribution of extrema of parametric maps. In contrast, calibration of the significance threshold by means of cross‐validation (or related sampling without replacement techniques) address three issues at once: improved power, better voxel‐by‐voxel estimate of variance by local pooling, and adaptation to departures from ideal distributional assumptions on the signal. We apply the cross‐validated tests to apparent diffusion coefficient maps, a type of MRI capable of detecting changes in the microstructural organization of brain parenchyma. We show that deviations from parametric assumptions are strong enough to cast doubt on the correctness of parametric tests for these images. As case studies, we present parametric maps of lesions in patients suffering from stroke and glioblastoma at different stages of evolution. Hum Brain Mapp 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the improved stability offered by motorcycle antilock brakes (ABS) make sliding crashes less common? In-depth analysis of fatal crashes involving motorcycles fitted with ABS

ABSTRACT Objective: This research investigated the following issue. Though several tests indicate that motorcycle ABS may increase motorcycle stability, thus reducing the risk of a sliding crash involving braking (i.e., the rider is separated from the motorcycle and slides along the road surface prior to collision), there is limited research showing to what extent sliding crashes are reduced by ABS in real-life conditions. Methods: The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) carry out in-depth studies for all road fatalities. A total of 38 in-depth studies with ABS motorcycles were included: 22 in Sweden and 16 in Norway (2005–2014). These were compared with 98 cases in Sweden and 32 in Norway involving motorcycles of the same types but without ABS. The data sets were analyzed separately and also merged together. The difference between the proportions of sliding crashes regardless braking was analyzed; selective recruitment was handled with a sensitivity analysis. Induced exposure was used to calculate the reduction of all crashes and those involving braking. Results: Four ABS cases (11%) involved falling off the motorcycle prior to collision, and 35% of the non-ABS crashes were sliding (P =.004). The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable, with a relative difference of sliding crashes ranging between 65 and 78%. None of the 4 sliding crashes with ABS occurred during braking; that is, all ABS riders who braked prior to collision crashed in an upright position. In the 4 sliding cases with ABS, the riders lost control of their motorcycles: 2 while accelerating on asphalt with very poor friction, 1 while negotiating a curve with an excessive lean angle, and 1 by abruptly releasing the throttle in the middle of a curve. Although based on a limited number of cases, the distributions of sliding and upright collisions among crashes without braking were similar, thus suggesting that the crash posture would not be affected by ABS if no braking occurred. The calculations with induced exposure showed that upright crashes with braking were also reduced by ABS; all fatal crashes, regardless of braking, were reduced by 52%. Conclusions: Though this research was based on a limited material, it confirmed that sliding fatal crashes are significantly decreased by ABS. Considering that ABS will soon be mandatory in the European Union on all new motorcycles with engine displacement over 125cc, these findings should be taken into account in the future design and testing of motorcycle-friendly road barriers and integrated protection systems.
Road traffic accidents: Early psychological consequences in children and adolescents

Background Although road traffic accidents are a major cause of injury and death in children and adolescents, research into their psychological consequences consists mainly of case reports. Method A prospective study was made of young road traffic accident victims; 57 subjects, aged 5–18 years, who had been injured in road traffic accidents, and their parents, were interviewed 2–16 days post-accident and re-examined after 12–15 weeks. Results Post-accident stress symptoms occurred at both times. There was a decrease of symptom severity between the two interviews, but at the later time, 14% still suffered from moderate or severe post-traumatic stress disorder, 17% from serious traffic-related fears, and parents reported increased mood disturbance in their children compared with the pre-accident period. High levels of distress during and immediately after the accident were associated with severe post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions There is an urgent need for healthcare staff working with children and adolescents involved in road traffic accidents to be aware of the potential psychological consequences and the importance of the immediate accident experience on subsequent coping.
Testing for Cointegration in Nonlinear Star Error Correction Models

In this paper we propose a new testing procedure to detect the presence of a cointegrating relationship that follows a globally stationary smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) process. We start from a general VAR model, embed the STAR error correction mechanism (ECM) and then derive the generalised nonlinear STAR error correction model. We provide two operational versions of the tests. Firstly, we obtain the associated nonlinear ECM-based test. Secondly, we generalise the well-known residual-based test for cointegration in linear models by Engle and Granger (1987) and obtain its nonlinear analogue. We derive the relevant asymptotic distributions of the proposed tests. We find via Monte Carlo simulation exercises that our proposed tests have much better power than the Engle and Granger test against the alternative of a globally stationary STAR cointegrating process. In an application to the price-dividend relationship, we also find that our test is able to find cointegration, whereas the linear-based tests fail to do so. Further analysis of impulse response functions of error correction terms (under the alternative) shows that the time taken to recover one half of a one standard deviation shock varies between five and twenty years, whereas the time taken to recover one half of a large shock varies between just 4 to 18 months. This clearly implies that data periods dominated by extreme volatility may display substantial mean reversion of the price-dividend relationship. By contrast this relationship may well look like a unit root when the underlying shocks take on smaller values.
β‐Amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease in cultured bovine oligodendrocytes

The production of β‐amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) in cultured oligodendrocytes isolated from adult bovine brains was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Immunostaining of oligodendrocytes with antibodies specific for the carboxy terminus of βAPP demonstrated positive immunoreactivity of oligodendroglial cytoplasm. Immunoblot analysis of cellular extracts detected two distinct bands with estimated molecular weight of 118 and 105 kDa. The amount of these βAPP subspecies increased considerably in response to their attachment to the poly‐L‐Iysine substratum. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropsychologic Effects of Frontal Lobe Epilepsy in Children

Most published neuropsychologic studies on frontal lobe epilepsy have been performed on mixed groups of adults and adolescents with epilepsies of varying etiology. The cognitive profile of frontal lobe epilepsy in children has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to assess neuropsychologic performance in children with frontal lobe epilepsy. Intelligence and executive functions were examined in eight children (age 67/12 years to 1311/12 years) with frontal lobe epilepsy. Performance was related to the focus side, seizure frequency, and age of epilepsy onset. Frontal lobe epilepsy was associated with a range of frontal dysfunctions, but IQ was generally spared. Left focus was associated with deficits in categorization, verbal long-term memory, and detailed visuospatial analysis. Frequent seizures correlated with attention difficulties and inability to inhibit impulsive responses. Children whose epilepsy appeared before age 6 years had reduced ability to change behavioral strategies. Frontal epileptic activity alone can cause selective frontal deficits, the severity and nature of which are related to side, seizure frequency, and age of epilepsy onset. These findings require confirmation on larger series of selected children. (J Child Neurol 2002;17:661-667).
Assessment of the responsiveness of a public health service from the perspective of older adults

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of health care of older adults using as a parameter the assessment of the responsiveness of the service. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a reference unit of the Brazilian Unified Health System at the outpatient level. The sample was probabilistic and had 385 older adults; data collection occurred in 2014. The domains assessed were: choice, autonomy, confidentiality, dignity, communication, physical facilities, and fast service. To this end, we used Pearson correlation test and Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS The domains of dignity, confidentiality, and communication reached the highest level of adequate responsiveness. On the other hand, freedom of choice and fast service received the worst assessments. Participation in decision-making regarding treatment was significantly lower among the older adults who had no education. In addition, the older adults that self-reported as black receive a lower quality of care regarding clear explanation and respected privacy in the appointment, when compared to users of any other race. CONCLUSIONS Although most domains studied have receive a positive assessment, we have found a need for an equal care by the health professionals, regardless of race, education level, or any other adjective characteristic of older adults, users of public health services.
Subchondral fractures in osteonecrosis of the femoral head: comparison of radiography, CT, and MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the sensitivity of unenhanced radiography, CT, and MR imaging in revealing subchondral fractures. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-five subjects with stage I and stage II osteonecrosis of the femoral head were included in the study as part of a multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein as an adjuvant treatment to core decompression. Patients were evaluated with radiography, CT, and MR imaging 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS At 6 months, 18 fractures were shown on CT scans, but only 12 were detected on radiographs and six, on MR images. At 12 months, 20 subchondral fractures were detected on CT scans, but only 17 were seen on radiographs and 11, on MR images. Compared with CT, MR imaging has a sensitivity and specificity of 38% and 100%, and unenhanced radiography has a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 97%, respectively. On T2-weighted MR images, the subchondral fractures were visualized as crescentic high-signal-intensity lines, and in all patients, on the corresponding CT scans, the fracture clearly breached the femoral cortex. CONCLUSION CT reveals more subchondral fractures in osteonecrosis of the femoral head than unenhanced radiography or MR imaging. The high-signal-intensity line seen on T2-weighted MR images appears to represent fluid accumulating in the subchondral fracture, which may indicate a breach in the overlying articular cartilage.
Influence of a 7-day treatment with Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 on bleeding time and coagulation: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in healthy volunteers

During recent years, several case reports have been published in which the authors have voiced their suspicion of a causal relationship between hemorrhagic complications and the intake of Ginkgo biloba preparations. Therefore, a trial was conducted to investigate the influence of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 on hemostasiological parameters. Fifty healthy, male volunteers underwent 7 days of crossover treatment with 2 × 120 mg/day EGb 761 and placebo in randomized sequence. Between the two treatment phases, a washout-period of at least 3 weeks was inserted. The study's main outcome measures were bleeding time, coagulation parameters, platelet activity in response to various agonists and platelet morphology. The equivalence of the two treatments was analyzed by computing the 90% Fieller confidence intervals for the ratio between the means of the pre–post treatment differences for EGb 761 and placebo, respectively. Treatment safety was investigated by clinical laboratory and vital signs assessment and by adverse events monitoring. Among the 29 coagulation and bleeding parameters assessed, none showed any evidence of an inhibition of blood coagulation and platelet aggregation through EGb 761. Furthermore, the study did not reveal any evidence to substantiate a causal relationship between the administration of EGb 761 and hemorrhagic complications. As regards treatment tolerability, there were no interpretable differences between EGb 761 and placebo except for a slight increase of gastrointestinal complaints during administration of the herbal extract.