Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of TEM & SHV gene in extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Klebsiella sp. isolated from a tertiary care hospital.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are rapidly evolving group of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by the Gram negative bacteria. These enzymes have been derived from TEM and SHV genes by mutations and have been well described in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Information on molecular types of ESBL positive Klebsiella sp. is lacking from India. We therefore undertook this study to look for the TEM and SHV genes in ESBL positive Klebsiella sp. isolated from the patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India. METHODS A total of 204 multidrug-resistant isolates of Klebsiellae obtained from clinical samples; blood (n=108), urine (n=15), pus (n=2) and sputum (n=79) were obtained and screened for resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins (3GC). The ESBL status was determined by double disk diffusion test (DDDT) and further by ESBL E-test. Multiplex PCR specific for TEM and SHV genes was performed to distinguish four different genotypes: TEM-positive, SHV-positive, TEM- and SHV-positive and non-TEM non-SHV ESBL types. RESULTS Eighty six per cent (175 of 204) of the isolates were found to be resistant to at least one of the 3GCs, of which 97.1 per cent (170) of Klebsiella sp. isolates were confirmed to be positive for ESBL. Of these 170 isolates, 95 were randomly selected for PCR of TEM and SHV genes. Isolates having both TEM and SHV genes were common (67.3%) whereas only 20 per cent isolates possessed TEM gene and 8.4 per cent SHV gene alone. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the majority of the ESBL positive clinical isolates of Klebsiella sp. carried both TEM and SHV genes followed by TEM alone. Such studies need to be done in various geographical regions of the country to know about the prevalent genotypes for better management of infection.
Sulfation and glucuronidation of acetaminophen by human hepatocytes cultured on Matrigel and type 1 collagen reproduces conjugation in vivo.

UNLABELLED Our previous studies demonstrated marked sex differences in the metabolism of acetaminophen in rats both in vivo and in hepatocyte culture. This study examined the sex differences in human acetaminophen metabolism, and the ability to reproduce in vivo metabolism in human hepatocyte cultured on Matrigel vs. type 1 collagen. Human hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion of 10-15 g biopsies of patients without liver disease undergoing elective abdominal operations (8 females, age 41.3 +/- 19.3 years; 6 males, age 47.7 +/- 21.3 years). Postoperatively, patients were given 1 g of acetaminophen orally and a 24-hr urine collected to determine the metabolic fate. There were no sex differences in acetaminophen conjugation in vivo, nor in the hepatic acetaminophen sulfotransferase activities as observed in the rodents. Hepatocytes were cultured with acetaminophen (0, 150, 250, 500, and 1000 microM) on Matrigel and type I collagen. Acetaminophen glucuronidation predominated over acetaminophen sulfation just as in vivo without sex differences on days 1 and 2 in culture. By days 3 and 4, however, glucuronidation by female hepatocytes became enhanced compared with males. With increasing acetaminophen concentration (dose), there was a linear increase in sulfate and glucuronide conjugation without saturation of either pathway as observed in the rat. CONCLUSIONS 1) there are no sex differences in acetaminophen metabolism or acetaminophen sulfotransferase activity as observed in the rat; 2) acetaminophen sulfation and glucuronidation by cultured human hepatocytes in vitro replicated in vivo metabolism on matrigel and type 1 collagen for the first 2 days in culture; and 3) glucuronidation became enhanced with time in the culture of female, but not male hepatocytes.
Memory for object location and route direction in virtual large-scale space

In everyday life people have to deal with tasks such as finding a novel path to a certain goal location, finding one's way back, finding a short cut, or making a detour. In all of these tasks people acquire route knowledge. For finding the same way back they have to remember locations of objects like buildings and additionally direction changes. In three experiments using recognition tasks as well as conscious and unconscious spatial priming paradigms memory processes underlying wayfinding behaviour were investigated. Participants learned a route through a virtual environment with objects either placed at intersections (i.e., decision points) where another route could be chosen or placed along the route (non-decision points). Analyses indicate first that objects placed at decision points are recognized faster than other objects. Second, they indicate that the direction in which a route is travelled is represented only at locations that are relevant for wayfinding (e.g., decision points). The results point out the efficient way in which memory for object location and memory for route direction interact.
Factors that Encourage Impulse Purchase & Impact of Visual Merchandising on the Purchase Decision of Women for Beauty Products in Gujarat

Bearing a long shiny heritage of cosmetic and beauty, range of makeup products are being used by women since ancient days and Indian women are no exception. Today it appears to be a booming industry in India and moving towards becoming the largest cosmetic consuming market in a next few decades. The cosmetics market in India is growing at 15-20% annually, twice as fast as that of the U. S. and European markets. Many Internationals and National companies are expanding their product range in response to the growing demand of Beauty Products by different strata of consumers. Teenagers have become more conscious about their appearance than ever before and skin whitening products are driving the trend in Indian market. Through this Research the researchers have made a humble attempt to predict the shopping related behavior of women for beauty products and the Impact Visual Merchandising can have on store selection and purchase decision. Quantitative techniques of Research are used in this research and women of major four cities of Gujarat are surveyed through a structured questionnaire. The Research findings reveal that impulse purchase is an excitement creating factor for women while shopping of beauty products. The stores with attractive lighting, eye-catching display and clean- soothing environ surely can hold attention of customers and have more people visiting it compared to their counter parts.
Alterations in renal medullary hemodynamics and the pressure-natriuretic response in genetic hypertension.

The concept that the kidney plays a major role in the long-term control of arterial pressure is based on the pressure-natriuretic response. According to this hypothesis, hypertension can only develop when the relationship between sodium excretion and arterial pressure is altered. Transplantation studies have indicated that some form of renal dysfunction underlies the development of genetic forms of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and in the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat. Nonetheless, the factors responsible for "resetting the kidney in hypertension" remain unknown. We have reported that the pressure-natriuretic relationships of SHR and Dahl S rats of the Brookhaven and Rapp strains are shifted toward higher pressures prior to the development of the disease. Papillary blood flow is also reduced in very young "prehypertensive" SHR. Recent studies on the mechanism of pressure-diuresis indicate that it is mediated by inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and/or thin descending limb of Henle of deep nephrons. It is also associated with changes in renal interstitial pressure and the pressure and flow in the vasa recta circulation. These observations suggest that an elevation in renal medullary vascular resistance may be responsible for shifting the pressure-natriuresis relationship toward higher pressures in hypertension. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Voluntary Financial Disclosure on Social Media: Does Corporate Governance Matter?

In this study, we investigate whether corporate governance is a key determinant of a firm’s decision to disclose and disseminate financial information on a social media platform. We observe earnings-related disclosures on Twitter for a sample of UK FTSE 350 firms. We find that earnings disclosure is significantly associated with larger board size, greater gender diversity, and higher board effectiveness. Among the 127 disclosing firms, we find that board effectiveness is also significantly and positively associated with the extent of information dissemination. Overall, our findings suggest that firms with better governance mechanisms are more proactive in adopting social media as a complementary corporate disclosure channel. In particular, board effectiveness plays an important role in mitigating the information gap between management and investors through information dissemination on social media.
Dynamic factor portfolios in the Norwegian stock market

We test how dynamic factor portfolios utilizing acknowledged market anomalies perform on Oslo Stock Exchange in the period 1998 to 2015. The individual factor portfolios have varying performance over the market through time, but carry a significantly lower level of risk and higher risk-adjusted return. Together with low correlation and cross-exposure in factors, they clearly give a diversification e↵ect. Our equally weighed factor portfolio produces a higher risk-adjusted return over the market (M2). Even though the use of leverage is controversial, an investor could achieve the same performance as the market with half the risk of an index fund by adding leverage. This study is especially interesting for long term institutional investors.
Contraceptive Discontinuation, Method Switching and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Women in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2013

Background: Although there has been an increase in preference for modern methods in Ethiopia in recent years, high method discontinuation and switching are also common. Apparently, there is a lot of study on the prevalence rate of contraceptive among couples, but not sufficient knowledge about the reasons switches the method used and why they give up the contraceptives after using for some time. This implies that the study of discontinuation of contraceptive use, along with the associated factors for such discontinuation, becomes important that would have further implications for continuing the success of family planning programs in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 423 randomly selected reproductive age women. Pretested structured questionnaire which contain calendar data format were used. Both SPSS version 20 and MS-excel were used to compute the descriptive and life table analysis. Descriptive and life table analysis technique were employed to estimate discontinuation. Cox-regression was used to evaluate statistical significance of covariate with a p-value less or equal to 0.05. Results: The life table analysis depicted to be 11.5% and 27.4% women discontinued within 12 months and 24 months respectively. Contraceptive discontinuation was found to be highest for the contraceptive pills (30.0%) of twelve months rate. The rate of switching to other contraceptive method by the end of first year was much higher (9.6%) than rate of abandoning (1.5%). Divorced women [AHR: 2.52, 95% CI: (1.17, 5.41)], poor quality of services [(AHR: 1.87, 95% CI: (1.34, 2.61)], and education level [(AHR 1.59, 95% CI: (1.01, 2.49)] were predictors of contraceptive discontinuation. Conclusion: Contraceptive discontinuation was relatively high. Being divorced, poor service quality and low level of education were predictors of contraceptive discontinuation. Further emphasis on quality of care, and expanding access to a range of contraceptive methods should be addressed.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DAN SIZE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN(Studi Pada Perusahaan Properti Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

Company has a normative goal to maximize the value of the companies, which aims to maximize shareholder wealth. This study aims to analyze the factors that value effect of the company. The variables used in this study are the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Dividend Yield (DYD) and Size. The research was conducted on property companies listed on the Stock Exchange, period from 2009 to 2011. The dependent variable in this study is measured by the value of the company’s, Price to Book Value (PBV). The independent variable in this study is capital structure is measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), dividend policy as measured by Dividend Yield (DYD) and Size. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling method which produces 17 companies as the study of a population sample of 52 companies. The method used in this research is the analysis of linier regression. This result showed by together DER, DYD and Size has effect on PBV. The partially DER indicated positive and significant effect of PBV. Size had no significant positive effect on PBV. DYD has significant effects and negatively to PBV. Keyword : Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Divident Yield (DYD), Size and Proce to Book Value (PBV)
Cultivating change. Success stories from the WALA and IMPACT programs in southern Malawi.

These success stories describe how two programs helped families to strengthen their health agricultural livelihoods and food security in Malawi. The programs helped households to grow more food guided farmers toward profitable business practices helped people to form savings groups taught families and young mothers about health and nutrition and increased access to HIV services and social welfare systems.
The effect on chick growth of inactivated penicillin, mineral sulphates or furazolidone supplements

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The opinions of the key health care stakeholders towards patient payments in Lithuania

Patient payments are considered to be a significant issue in health policy in Lithuania. Despite the unclear legislative framework, health care institutions are asking patients to co-pay (contribute) for services provided to them. Thus, patients and providers are facing challenging situation in legal, ethical and financial terms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the opinions and attitudes towards patient payments in Lithuania. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied in the study – focus group discussions and in-depth interviews combined with a self-administrated questionnaire filled in by each participant. The results suggest that there is no consistent policy on patient payments in Lithuania. Health care consumers are rather resistant towards the introduction of payments (they support fees only in case of services with better quality). Health care providers sustain patient payments considering the needs of health professionals and health care institutions. Health policy makers and health insurance representatives remain dispersal in their opinions. More conceptual and strategic thinking in defining the aims of patient payment policies in Lithuania and its governance is needed.
Bioinformatics for Human Genetics: Promises and Challenges

Recent developments, including next‐generation sequencing (NGS), bio‐ontologies and the Semantic Web, and the growing role of hospital information technology (IT) systems and electronic health records, amass ever‐increasing amounts of data before human genetics scientists and clinicians. However, they have ever‐improving tools to analyze those data for research and clinical care. Correspondingly, the field of bioinformatics is turning to research questions in the field of human genetics, and the field of human genetics is making greater use of bioinformatic algorithms and tools. The choice of “Bioinformatics and Human Genetics” as the topic of this special issue of Human Mutation reflects this new importance of bioinformatics and medical informatics in human genetics. Experts from among the attendees of the Paris 2010 Human Variome Project symposium provide a survey of some of the “hot” computational topics over the next decade. These experts identify the promise—what human geneticists who are not themselves bioinformaticians stand to gain—as well as the challenges and unmet needs that are likely to represent fruitful areas of research. Hum Mutat 32:495–500, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using POS Data for Price Promotions Evaluation: An Empirical Example from a Slovenian Grocery Chain

Price promotions have been largely dealt with in the literature. Yet there are just a few generalizations made so far about this powerful marketing communication tool. The obvious effect, that all authors who have studied price promotions emphasize, is quantity increase during price promotions. Inference studies about the decomposition of the sales promotion bump do not converge to a generalization or a law, but end in radically different results. Most of these studies use consumer panel data, rich of demographical characteristics and consumers’ purchasing history. Companies that use such data, available from marketing research industry, usually complain that data is old and expensive. The authors start with literature review on price promotions in which they present existing models based on consumer panel data (Bell, et al., 1999; Mela, et al., 1998; Moriarty, 1985; Walters, 1991; Yeshin, 2006). Next they present existing POS analysis models and compare their findings to show the high level of heterogeneity among results. All existing models are based on powerful databases provided by professional research institutions (i.e. Nielsen or IRI) that usually cover the whole market for the analysed brand category geographically. The authors next apply existing models to find which best suits data available for Slovenian FMCG market. They show two models analysis – quantity (SCAN*PRO) and market share (MCI) and their power for explanatory and forecasting research using POS data. Having dealt with more than 30 brand categories within a wider research, they conclude that the models developed are usable for a fast decision making process within a company, but their exploratory power is still poor compared to panel data. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61692-865-0.ch014
Therapeutic performance of carminomycin-cyclophosphamide against L1210 leukemia.

Carminomycin, an analog of daunomycin, was tested for its therapeutic potential in combination with the proalkylating agent, cyclophosphamide. Various combinations of the two drugs, comprising a substantial range of dosage, were administered to female C57BL/6J × DBA/2J F1 mice that had been inoculated i.p. with 1,000,000 L1210 ascites tumor cells. As judged from extensions of postinoculation life span and percentages of cured mice, carminomycin and cyclophosphamide were strongly synergistic; at maximally effective dosages, the combination cured 73% of the animals treated. Extensions of mean life span among mice that died after combined drug treatment ranged from 4.47 (63%) to 23.62 (331%) days beyond control values. By contrast, neither drug administered singly produced cures or extended life span beyond 8.27 days (116%). The best results obtained with carminomycin-cyclophosphamide were essentially the same as those obtained with Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide in an earlier study (Cancer Res., 37: 678–683, 1977), while the optimal dosage of carminomycin used alone was about 90% as effective as that of Adriamycin. In this study the optimal dosage of carminomycin was only about one-fourth that of Adriamycin; thus, unless its cardiotoxic property is proved eventually to be substantially greater than that of Adriamycin, this analog of daunomycin may offer a risk- versus -benefit advantage over Adriamycin when used for extended treatment, particularly in combination with cyclophosphamide or for combined modality therapy including radiation. On the basis of these data, however, Adriamycin would appear to afford greater latitude in dosage selection, with less risk of incurring drastic reductions in therapeutic response due to suboptimal dosing.
A Comparative Study: L1-Norm Vs. L2-Norm; Point-to-Point Vs. Point-to-Line Metric; Evolutionary Computation Vs. Gradient Search

The study presented in this article compares the two most frequently used regularizations in the robotics area: L1-norm and L2-norm, for navigation purposes of an autonomous mobile platform in an inner environment with use of the 2D laser scanner. Sensorial data in a real environment are very often burdened by a noise, which unfavorably affects the classification process. Presented results show behavior of all tested algorithms under conditions in which the sensorial data are loaded by common types of the noise: moving objects, quantizing noise, artificially added noise with different types of characteristics that correspond to potentially real conditions. Basic navigation mechanisms presented here use methods of robust statistics and modern evolutionary optimizers. The methods selected in this study represent the two different types of metrics, commonly called point-to-point and point-to-line. The navigation algorithm that uses L1-norm regularization integrates several different evolutionary algorithms that occupy a position of very efficient optimizers, which, at the same time, do not cut down limits of usability of the tested methods. Correct working parameters settings of all used pose estimators play a key role in the robot pose and heading estimation, therefore, this article is extended by a description of several important working parameters and the way to use them.
A Survey of the Role of Earnings Quality in Accurately Forecasting of Cash Flows from Operational Activities of Companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange

Earnings quality of business unit is one of the most important information as the foundation of most of decisions and judgment of financial information users. The accuracy of financial forecast of a business unit is one of the interesting issues of financial information users. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship and role of earnings quality in accuracy of prediction of cash flows from operations of companies listed on TSE. To achieve the study purpose, we selected 25 active industries during 5 years (2009-2013). A study sample of 50 companies is selected by Cochran’s formula. Based on the results of study, we can say by increase of earnings quality, accuracy of prediction of financial statement items namely cash flows from operations can be increased. Thus, earnings quality is a reliable criterion for accuracy of financial predictions as accuracy of annual financial performance of business units.