Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The measurement instrument of ecologically-conscious consumer behaviour

The continuous da­ mage to the natural environment has led to the present envi­ ronmental crisis. Therefore, multi-dis­ ciplinary co-opera­ tion is needed to pro­ tect the environ­ ment. Ecological Marketing has to rely upon updated con­ cepts to acquire grea­ ter significance and contribute to the en­ vironment improve­ ment. Marketing re­ search proves to be necessary to unders­ tand better and exa­ mine thoroughly The aim of this paper is to outline a theoretical fr amework for Eco logical Conscious­ ness (EC) in which Ecologicall y Conscious Consumer Behaviour (ECCB) may be set and examined. ECCB is the behavioural dimension of EC framework and it is consid­ ered to be the re sult of the sequence of two other dimensions of this framework, name­ ly the cognitive and the affective dimension s. Moreover, a detail ed descripti on of measures' development procedure is provided. This procedure allowed to develop a measurement in strument inc luding re liable and valid measures, necessary to examine the main variables of th e theoretic al framework, i.e. Pro-environmental Purchase Be­ haviour, Pro-environmental Activities, Pro-environmental Attitudes and Recycling At­ titudes.
What is earning management in sharia bank lower than conventional bank?

Purpose - This study is to examine the effect of sharia status on the level of earning management in Banking Companies in Indonesia.Method - This study use pooled data regression analysis and independent sample t-test to test the level of earning management between Islamic banks and non-Islamic banks. We use sample of Islamic banks and non-Islamic banks in Indonesia in the year 2009-2013.Result - We find the Islamic banks employ less earning management than non-Islamic banks. The results show that, as hypothesised, Islamic banks status has a significant negative association with earning management in regression model. This Suggest that Islamic banks have lower discressionary accrual than non-Islamic banks ans Islamic ethics palys monitoring role in reducing managerial opportunistic behaviors to manage earnings by discretionary accruals.Implication - At least the sample in this study was due to the limited number of Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia. The discretionary accrual model used in this study may not be able to detect earnings management properly, so that there is a need to readjust other models related to earnings management.Originality - Earnings management has become a global issue, but for Islamic banking based on religious principles, the practice of earnings management can be minimized or eliminated. Then provide information about the high and low earnings management in banks, especially Islamic and conventional banking in Indonesia.
Mitigation of harm during a novel behavioural response study involving active sonar and wild cetaceans

Some studies of how human activities can affect wild free-ranging animals may be considered to have potential negative outcomes too severe to be ethically studied. This creates a societal dilemma involving choices between continuing risky activities with high uncertainty about their potential effects on wildlife, often with considerable associated precaution or undertaking focused research to reduce uncertainty, but with some risk of harm from either strong response leading to potential stranding or direct physical injury from sound exposure. Recent and ongoing field experiments have measured the conditions in which wild cetaceans respond to military sonar, and provided insight into the nature of responses. Here mitigation measures are reported for one of the first such experiments designed to measure fine-scale behavioural responses to controlled exposures of midfrequency (3–4 kHz) active sonar. The objective was to do so without causing the kinds of physical harm that have been previously observed (e.g. stranding events) and that motivated the study. A critical goal of this experimental study was to identify a response that was safe but that could be used as an indicator of the probability of risk from more extreme or sustained exposure from real military operations. A monitoring and mitigation protocol was developed using a feedback control procedure for real-time mitigation of potential harm. Experimental protocols were modulated relative to indicators of potential risk with the explicit objective of detecting potentially harmful consequences of sound exposure and taking appropriate corrective action. Three categories of mitigation methods were developed and integrated within the experimental protocol incorporating designed, engineered, and operational mitigation measures. Controlled exposure experiments involving free-ranging animals were conducted without any evident harm to the experimental subjects, while successfully eliciting behavioural responses that provided meaningful results to inform management decisions. This approach demonstrates the importance of careful design of protocols in exposure-response experiments, particularly in pioneering studies assessing response where both the potential for harm and level of uncertainty may be high.
Hydrodynamics of three phase flow in upstream pipes

Abstract In this article, work done by several researchers with respect to predictive models, three phase flow regimes and methods of identifying flow regimes were reviewed. Additionally, effects of water cut and fluid velocities on pressure drop, liquid holdup and flow regimes were also discussed. The three phases under investigation by the researchers were gas, oil and water flowing through horizontal, vertical or inclined pipes. The models reviewed were developed to anticipate liquid phase heights and pressure drop. The multi-fluid and drift-flux methods that can be applied to model the flow, were reviewed. The two main categories for the flow regimes identified were the oil-based and water-based flow patterns, where the water-based flow patterns would occur upon phase inversion. Conductance, algorithm and network mapping methods of identifying flow patterns were also reviewed. Additionally, it was seen that pressure gradients increased with superificial gas and liquid velocities and water cut had varying impacts on flow pattern transitions. Work done on the effects of temperature and pipe diameter were briefly explored. Furthermore, measurement of fluid flows, ways to measure flows and methods to detect the type of flow and simulate them were briefly investigated.
The roleof E . coli infection in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis

Among various infectious agents possibly involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), Escherichia Coli (E. coli) has received special attention because of epidemiological and experimental evidence linking this bacterium with the disease’s development. This review discusses early and more recent epidemiological studies associating recurrent urinary tract infections withE. coli and the development of PBC. We also critically review data provided over the years demonstrating disease-specific humoral and cellular immune responses against E. coli antigens in patients with PBC. Finally, we assess the relevance of experimental findings reporting cross-reactive immunity between mimicking sequences of E. coliand the major PBC mitochondrial antigens in the pathogenesis of the PBC. We also address the extent to which molecular mimicry and immunological cross-reactivity can be considered as a critical pathogenic process linking infection with self destruction.
Colletotrichum clavatum sp. nov. identified as the causal agent of olive anthracnose in Italy

Molecular analyses of a large population of isolates, previously identified as group B or genetic group A4 of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, mainly of Italian origin from olive, but also from other hosts collected since 1992, confirmed a well-resolved phylogenetic lineage with distinctive phenotypic characters which can be recognized as a separate species. Based on RAPD genomic fingerprinting, ITS and β-tubulin DNA sequences, this species was clearly distinct from C. acutatum sensu stricto , C. fioriniae and C. simmondsii as well as from the genetic groups A1, A6, A7 and A8, all previously referred to as C. acutatum sensu lato . Group A4 is widespread in Europe, being responsible for olive anthracnose epidemics in some Mediterranean countries, including Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal and Spain; moreover, it causes anthracnose diseases on a wide range of other hosts including about 20 different genera of woody and herbaceous plants, ornamentals and fruit trees. This new anamorphic taxon is described as Colletotrichum clavatum sp. nov.
Urbanism and happiness: A test of Wirth’s theory of urban life

Social scientists have long studied the effects of cities on human wellbeing and happiness. This article demonstrates that people in cities are less happy, confirming a long-standing argument in the literature. But it had not yet been tested whether it is urbanism that negatively affects happiness, or if urban problems such as crime and poverty are to blame. Wirth posited that urbanism itself led to negative effects, but Fischer noted the necessity of empirical tests of Wirth’s ideas. This study uses a happiness measure to provide a new look at the old question of urban unhappiness. Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we aim to untangle the effects of the city itself and urban problems on happiness in the USA. We find that the core characteristics of urban life (in particular size and density) contribute to urban unhappiness, controlling for urban problems. Urban unhappiness persists regardless of urban characteristics.
The X-ray catalog of spectroscopically identified Galactic O stars

The X-ray emission of O-type stars was first discovered in the early days of the Einstein satellite. Since then many different surveys have confirmed that the ratio of X-ray to bolometric luminosity in O-type stars is roughly constant, but there is a paucity of studies that account for detailed information on spectral and wind properties of O-stars. Recently a significant sample of O stars within our Galaxy was spectroscopically identified and presented in the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSS). At the same time, a large high-fidelity catalog of X-ray sources detected by the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope was released. Here we present the X-ray catalog of O stars with known spectral types and investigate the dependence of their X-ray properties on spectral type as well as stellar and wind parameters. We find that, among the GOSS sample, 127 O-stars have a unique XMM-Newton source counterpart and a Gaia data release 2 (DR2) association. Terminal velocities are known for a subsample of 35 of these stars. We confirm that the X-ray luminosities of dwarf and giant O stars correlate with their bolometric luminosity. For the subsample of O stars with measure terminal velocities we find that the X-ray luminosities of dwarf and giant O stars also correlate with wind parameters. However, we find that these correlations break down for supergiant stars. Moreover, we show that supergiant stars are systematically harder in X-rays compared to giant and dwarf O-type stars. We find that the X-ray luminosity depends on spectral type, but seems to be independent of whether the stars are single or in a binary system. Finally, we show that the distribution of log(LX/Lbol) in our sample stars is non-Gaussian, with the peak of the distribution at log(LX/Lbol) ≈ −6.6.
Physical Activity and Nutritional Status in Females With Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section in Razi Hospital, Qazvin

Background The effect of physical activity and nutrition on the method of childbirth has been studied; however, it cannot be assured. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between the type of delivery and nutrition and physical activity. Methods In a case-control study, women were entered either in cesarean section or normal vaginal delivery (each group: 52 subjects) groups. Data regarding physical activity and nutrition information during pregnancy were collected using Nutrition Questionnaire: Focused Pregnancy Nutrition Class. The scale’s reliability and validity were confirmed by the experts. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression. The signifcance level was set as p<0.05. Findings Age, height, pre-pregnancy weight, gestational age, the number of previous pregnancies, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), were not different in the two groups; however, the groups differed in terms of BMI at the end of pregnancy, rate of changes in BMI, the employment status, sweets consumption before bedtime, taking medicines, the participants’ energy status compared with natural position, and reading nutrition facts label. Conclusion If the observed differences between the two groups are causative, the interventions can reduce the risk of cesarean section, such as preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Otherwise, they can be used as markers or pose a possibility of childbirth type.
YIELD AND WEED FLORA OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) AS INFLUENCED BY TILLAGE OPTIONS AND FERTILITY LEVELS UNDER RAINFED TEMPERATE CONDITION

A field experiment was carried out during winter seasons of 2006-07 and 2007-08 at the research farmof Faculty of Agriculture and Regional Research Station, Wadura, Sopore (J&K) to evaluate the relative performance of various tillage options and fertility levels in wheat after rice harvest. Among various tillage practices reduced tillage recorded markedly higher dry matter production and yield attributes (spike/m2, grains/spike, spike length and 1 000 grain weight). Reduced tillage resulted in the highest yield of 3.5 t/ha. The reduced tillage was the best option and recorded highest net return (Rs 28 325/ha), followed by rotary (Rs 24 695/ha) and zero tillage (Rs 21 975/ha) and least with conventional tillage (Rs 18 910/ha). Markedly higher uptake of N, P and K was also recorded with reduced tillage followed by rotary tillage. Lowest weed count and dry weight was recorded under conventional tillage and greatest under zero tillage. Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (60 kg N, 40 kg P2O5and 20 kg K2O) recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation, spike/m2 grains/spike, spike length, 1,000 grain weight and grain (3.4 t/ha) and straw yield over lower fertility levels but remained on par with 125% recommended dose of fertilizer. Similarly, net return/rupee investment increased significantly up to 100% recommended dose of fertilizer. Application of 125% of the recommended dose of fertilizer recorderd significantly higher weed count, weed dry bio mass and N, P and K uptake by crop than recommended 75% and 50% of the recommended dose of fertilizer.
ORGANIC ACIDS PRODUCTION AND ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF SOME STRAINS OF PROBIOTICS

Organic acids production and antimicrobial activities of Lactobacillus acidophilus KF724889, Lactobacillus casei KF724890 and Streptococcus thermophilus KF724886, KF724887 and KF724888 strains, which isolated from dairy products as probiotics were screened. Eleven organic acids were detected in the different LAB filtrates, acetic, ascorbic, citric, formic, oxalic, malic, maleic, lactic, propionic, butyric and succinic acids. lactic and acetic acids were the major acids produced by the five strains. Lactobacillus in general and L. acidophilus in especial were the most active in acids production. Both L. acidophilus and L. casei produced the highest quantity of lactic acid, being 3257.4 and 2447.75 mg/100 ml, respectively, while Str. thermophilus strains KF724886, KF724887 and KF724888 produced 1613.36, 1964.52 and 2031.131 mg/100ml, respectively. Formic acid did not produce by Str. thermophilus KF724886. Supernatants obtained from the tested bacteria exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory effect against indicators pathogenic bacteria and yeast. All the tested bacteria have antagonistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Protus vulgaris. Among the isolates, L. acidophilus was the most effective strain for inhibiting pathogens growth with strong inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes and Candida albicans. Only L. acidophilus and Str. thermophilus KF724888 caused inhibitory effect against Bacillus cereus, L. monocytogenes and C. albicans. L. casei, Str. thermophilus KF724886 and Str. thermophilus KF724887 failed in inhibiting growth of E. coli, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes and C. albicans. L. acidophilus inhibited growth of E. coli, while Str. thermophilus KF724888 failed. The results showed that all cell free supernatants (CFSs) of LAB cultures have ability to inhibit all the tested foodcontaminating fungi. Based on dry weight measurements of fungal biomass, CFSs of L. acidophilus showed high antifungal activity against the tested fungi. CFSs of Str. thermophilus KF724887 strain showed strong inhibition percentages against growth of A. niger, T. harzianum, P. chrysogenum and A. pullulans (56.63, 54.84, 52.92 and 38.88%, respectively). The study revealed that lactic acid bacteria isolated from Egyptian fermented milk, are capable of producing organic acids and antimicrobial substances which have antagonistic effect on pathogenic organisms, thus, may be promising sources of preservative that may in future be applied to food.
DO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF INTERFUNCTIONAL COORDINATION LEAD TO SMALLER BUSINESS PERFORMANCE?

The paper deals with interfunctional coordination (IFC) from ethical and environmental point of view. It will be interesting to know if the parts of IFC connected with ethical and environmental aspects have positive or negative influence on business performance. Data was gained from 60 SMEs producing electrical equipment and electronic components in the Czech Republic. Survey questionnaire and critical discussion with the literature were used. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartett’s sphericity test were applied. For analysing the influence of ethical and environmental aspect on business performance Spearman’s rank correlation was used. The results show: (1) a positive relation between ethical aspects and business performance, (2) no positive relation between implementation of environmental aspects and business performance, and (3) no difference in results in marketing business performance and financial business performance. The results can suggest that a preference towards ethical decisions and behaviour leads to a higher business performance and by contraries, environmental aspects leads to smaller business performance. The collected data shows that environmental and ethical decisions of managers in the Czech Republic can differ from environmental and ethical decisions of managers in different countries.
The Effect Of Psycho-Education Program On Increase The Tendency To Forgive and Five Factor Personality Properties Of Forgiveness Tendency

The basic aim of this study is to examine the effect of psycho-education program for gaining the tendency to forgive on Big five personality traits. The study was carried out via experimental design to determine the cause and effect relationship between the independent variable (big five personality traits) and the dependent variable (tendency to forgive). The study was conducted with Pretest- Posttest Control Group Design. 24 university students who attended to the study were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control group each of which consisted of 12 university students. The data was collected through Big Five Personality Traits Scale and Heartland Forgiveness Scale. Within the scope of the study, experimental group was given10-week psycho-education program to gain positive personality traits and to gaining forgiveness tendency while control group was not given any intervention. The effectiveness of the group counseling process was tested by the same scale in pre-experimental, post-experimental and follow up processes. According to the findings of the study, it was found that all of the personality traits were effective in order to help to increase the tendency of forgiveness of individuals with high scores for neuroticism, one of the big five personality traits, and low scores for forgiveness, that is people with less forgiveness competency. The findings were discussed in the light of the literature and recommendations were made accordingly.
Compensation factors and coping styles: Cross country study on faculty members

Researches of the past have given several findings on whether “money or compensation” is a factor which influence one’s decision to continue or leave any organisation. Many research reports support the argument with a “yes”, while others support with a “no”. In order to apply those findings and accept such reports as authentic, a study was conducted on postgraduate faculty members in academic institutions. Institutions across countries were approached to collect data. The data collected was subjected to concrete statistical tools. The findings indicate that the compensation factors significantly influence faculty member’s decision to stick within the organisation or switch over to other institutions. Here, the study observed that the coping styles of faculty members may vary from ‘resignation’ to ‘forced adjustment’. The data from various countries were collected and analysed. It was observed that compensation factor is a major factor which influences faculty member’s decision to ‘leave the organisation’. The compensation policies of the academic institutions directly influence the retention of academic staff. The implication part of the research further indicates the consequences of weak compensation policies at the institutional level. The study envisaged a ‘strategic compensation policy’ which will be mutually beneficial to institution and faculty development. Key words: Compensation factors, coping, faculty members, post graduate institution.
a – b Inversion in quartz from low frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy

The a–b phase transformation in quartz has been studied in the pressure range from 0.5 to 2.5 GPa by the use of the low frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity data obtained at low frequencies exhibit a different slope on an Arrhenius plot lnðsLFDTÞ vs. 1=T above and below Tc; where T is the absolute and Tc is the inversion temperature. The point where the slope changes, coincide with the Tc; i.e. the temperature point of a–b inversion in quartz. The obtained inversion temperature Tc from this method compares well with the previous measurements of Tc using DTA and laser interferometry. The low frequency dispersion data in insulating materials with the ionic conductivity due to impurities may be a useful method for characterization of structural displacive phase transitions in quartz-like structures. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.