Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clay mineral diversity and abundance in sedimentary rocks of Gale crater, Mars

Clay minerals found in Gale crater, Mars, record surficial chemical weathering and changing conditions in an ancient lake. Clay minerals provide indicators of the evolution of aqueous conditions and possible habitats for life on ancient Mars. Analyses by the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity show that ~3.5–billion year (Ga) fluvio-lacustrine mudstones in Gale crater contain up to ~28 weight % (wt %) clay minerals. We demonstrate that the species of clay minerals deduced from x-ray diffraction and evolved gas analysis show a strong paleoenvironmental dependency. While perennial lake mudstones are characterized by Fe-saponite, we find that stratigraphic intervals associated with episodic lake drying contain Al-rich, Fe3+-bearing dioctahedral smectite, with minor (3 wt %) quantities of ferripyrophyllite, interpreted as wind-blown detritus, found in candidate aeolian deposits. Our results suggest that dioctahedral smectite formed via near-surface chemical weathering driven by fluctuations in lake level and atmospheric infiltration, a process leading to the redistribution of nutrients and potentially influencing the cycling of gases that help regulate climate.
CLINICAL COURSE OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE DEPENDENT ON THE CONCENTRATION OF SULPHUR CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS IN BLOOD PLASMA *

S u m m a r y. A relation between blood plasma concentration of homocysteine, methionine, cysteine, and the parameters of well-established criteria for cardiovascular risk (clinical, laboratory, instrumental) was studied in Ukrainian patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) of different course. The data evidenced on significant relation between a profile of sulphur containing amino acids (mainly cysteine) with the indices of informative criteria for myocardial infarction risk. Correlation analysis of the dynamics of concentration of homocysteine, cysteine, and methionine in the group of patients with IHC of high cardiovascular risk revealed a prevailing redirection of homocysteine into transsulfonation along with its restricted remethylation into methionine. K e y w o r d s: ischemic heart disease, homocysteine, methionine, cysteine, homocystinuria.
Power Allocation for Downlink NOMA Heterogeneous Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and heterogeneous network (HetNet) are two significant and promising enabling techniques to further improve overall system performance for next-generation mobile communication systems. In this paper, we develop a novel NOMA HetNet through applying NOMA technique to both macrocell and small-cell of conventional HetNet, which improves the spectral efficiency whereas results in a more complex interference environment. To tackle this complicated interference problem and maximize the overall throughput of this NOMA HetNet, meanwhile ensure the desired quality of service (QoS) of each user, we mathematically formulate a power allocation problem which proves to be an NP-hard problem. Then, to deal with this optimization problem, we propose a users scheduling scheme and an iterative distributed power control algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) HetNet systems and single-tier NOMA networks, the combination of OMA technique and HetNet with the proposed algorithm can greatly improve the system performance in terms of spectral efficiency and outage performance.
Performance Evaluation of a Document Image Watermarking Approach With Enhanced Tamper Localization and Recovery

Digital transmission of sensitive images and documents over unsecure networks, such as the Internet, has become a general practice. As a result, the digital content has become vulnerable to intentional and unintentional modifications during transmission. Prior to considering the reliability of such digital content, it is important that the authentication and the integrity of the content can be confirmed. Such issues were largely considered in the literature for natural and texture-based images, with only minimal work found to address the challenge of sensitive document images with known constraints. In this paper, we present an evaluation of a non-blind robust-watermarking approach with linear interpolation for tamper-detection, localization and recovery. Performance of the proposed approach and its resistance to random paint-based and Stirmark-based attacks for sensitive documents are investigated. Throughout this paper, a sensitive Arabic scripture was used as a case study of a sensitive document image, in which such operations were performed. The proposed model presents a superior tamper detection and recovery capability in comparison to other models in the related literature. Simulation results had demonstrated that the proposed method was robust to malicious attacks and was capable of localizing and correcting tampered regions with a high degree of accuracy. Significantly, it was noted that an average of 43 dB was obtained for the peak signal-to-noise ratio results, while generally low-BER results were achieved, with a rate of 0% in some cases. Finally, the proposed approach possessed a further advantage in its broad applicability to other sensitive digital image content.
Multi-Cell Hybrid Millimeter Wave Systems: Pilot Contamination and Interference Mitigation

In this paper, we investigate the system performance of a multi-cell multi-user (MU) hybrid millimeter wave communications in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network. Due to the reuse of pilot symbols among different cells, the performance of channel estimation is expected to be degraded by pilot contamination, which is considered as a fundamental performance bottleneck of conventional multi-cell MU massive MIMO networks. To analyze the impact of pilot contamination to the system performance, we first derive the closed-form approximation of the normalized mean-squared error of the channel estimation algorithm proposed by Zhao et al. over Rician fading channels. Our analytical and simulation results show that the channel estimation error incurred by the impact of pilot contamination and noise vanishes asymptotically with an increasing number of antennas equipped at each radio frequency chain at the desired BS. Furthermore, by adopting zero-forcing precoding in each cell for downlink transmission, we derive a tight closed-form approximation of the average achievable rate per user. Our results unveil that the intra-cell interference and inter-cell interference caused by pilot contamination over Rician fading channels can be mitigated effectively by simply increasing the number of antennas equipped at the desired BS.
Human Behaviour-Based Automatic Depression Analysis Using Hand-Crafted Statistics and Deep Learned Spectral Features

Depression is a serious mental disorder that affects millions of people all over the world. Traditional clinical diagnosis methods are subjective, complicated and need extensive participation of experts. Audio-visual automatic depression analysis systems predominantly base their predictions on very brief sequential segments, sometimes as little as one frame. Such data contains much redundant information, causes a high computational load, and negatively affects the detection accuracy. Final decision making at the sequence level is then based on the fusion of frame or segment level predictions. However, this approach loses longer term behavioural correlations, as the behaviours themselves are abstracted away by the frame-level predictions. We propose to on the one hand use automatically detected human behaviour primitives such as Gaze directions, Facial action units (AU), etc. as low-dimensional multi-channel time series data, which can then be used to create two sequence descriptors. The first calculates the sequence-level statistics of the behaviour primitives and the second casts the problem as a Convolutional Neural Network problem operating on a spectral representation of the multichannel behaviour signals. The results of depression detection (binary classification) and severity estimation (regression) experiments conducted on the AVEC 2016 DAIC-WOZ database show that both methods achieved significant improvement compared to the previous state of the art in terms of the depression severity estimation.
Gaze and head pointing for hands-free text entry: applicability to ultra-small virtual keyboards

With the proliferation of small-screen computing devices, there has been a continuous trend in reducing the size of interface elements. In virtual keyboards, this allows for more characters in a layout and additional function widgets. However, vision-based interfaces (VBIs) have only been investigated with large (e.g., full-screen) keyboards. To understand how key size reduction affects the accuracy and speed performance of text entry VBIs, we evaluated gaze-controlled VBI (g-VBI) and head-controlled VBI (h-VBI) with unconventionally small (0.4°, 0.6°, 0.8° and 1°) keys. Novices (N = 26) yielded significantly more accurate and fast text production with h-VBI than with g-VBI, while the performance of experts (N = 12) for both VBIs was nearly equal when a 0.8--1° key size was used. We discuss advantages and limitations of the VBIs for typing with ultra-small keyboards and emphasize relevant factors for designing such systems.
Glaucoma Mapping the Central 10 8 Visual Field to the Optic Nerve Head Using the Structure – Function Relationship

Yuri Fujino, Hiroshi Murata, Masato Matsuura, Mieko Yanagisawa, Nobuyuki Shoji, Kenji Inoue, Junkichi Yamagami, and Ryo Asaoka Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan Inouye Eye Hospital, Tokyo, Japan JR Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Photophysics of the π , π * and n , π * States of Thymine : MS-CASPT 2 Minimum-Energy Paths and CASSCF onthe-Fly Dynamics

David Asturiol,† Benjamin Lasorne,‡,§ Michael A. Robb,§ and Lluı́s Blancafort*,⊥ Institut de Quı́mica Computacional, Parc Cientı́fic i Tecnològic de la UniVersitat de Girona, Edifici Jaume Casademont, Pic de Peguera 15 (la Creueta), 17003 Girona, Spain, CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, CC 1501, UniVersité Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., and Institut de Quı́mica Computacional, Departament de Quı́mica, UniVersitat de Girona, Campus MontiliVi, 17071 Girona, Spain
SCH 39166, a novel dopamine D1 receptor antagonist: In vitro investigation of its glucuronidation and potential species differences

SCH 39166 is a novel benzonaphthazepine that is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist. It is currently undergoing clinical trials in humans for possible use as an antipsychotic medication. To date, no studies have been presented describing the metabolism of SCH 39166. Therefore, the present studies investigated the possible in vitro glucuronidation of SCH 39166 from both rodent and squirrel monkey liver microsomes. Comparisons were made with the classic D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, a benzazepine which undergoes extensive glucuron dation in the rat. Additionally, dose response and duration of action of SCH 39166 on the conditioned avoidance paradigm (CAR) in both rats and squirrel monkeys were compared to the dose response and duration of action of SCH 23390 in these species. Results demonstrated that 3H‐SCH 39166 was glucuronidated by both rat and monkey liver microsomes. In studies with rat liver microsomes, the rate of glucuronidation of SCH 39166 and the affinity for the glucuronosyltransferase enzyme were equivalent to those of SCH 23390. In vivo behavioral studies also indicated no differences in either the dose‐response curves or the time course of behavioral effects for either D1 antagonist after oral administration in the rat. In contrast, the rate of glucuronidation in squirrel monkey liver microsomes of SCH 23390 was 3–4 times faster than that of SCH 39166. Moreover, these findings consistent with in vivo behavioral studies in squirrel monkeys, in which the duration of action of SCH 23390 was much shorter than SCH 39166. © 1992 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consumer perceptions of egg-laying hen housing systems

The egg industry has transitioned, or is in the process of transitioning, from conventional cages to alternative hen housing systems in response to legal changes in many states across the United States (US). However, consumers find it is increasingly difficult to understand the details behind those labels and specific attributes conveyed. There are multiple hen housing options with a wide range of costs and impacts on hens, workers, and the environment. This research furthers the understanding of US public perceptions and attitudes related to hen housing systems and corresponding animal welfare, worker, economic, and environmental effects. Results reveal that the US public perceives cage-free aviaries as achieving essentially the same positive impact on hen health and stress, hen behavior, and environmental impact as free-range systems when compared to conventional cage systems. The information provided can assist industry, marketing, and policy decisions with respect to hen housing.
Motivational characteristics and resistance training in older adults: A randomized controlled trial and 1‐year follow‐up

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 9‐month supervised resistance training intervention on motivational and volitional characteristics related to exercise, and whether the absolute level and/or intervention‐induced change in these characteristics predict self‐directed continuation of resistance training 1 year after the intervention. Community dwelling older adults aged 65‐75, who did not fulfill physical activity recommendations, were randomized into resistance training intervention groups: training once‐ (n = 26), twice‐ (n = 27), three‐times‐a‐week (n = 28) or non‐training control group (n = 25). Training groups participated in supervised resistance training for 9 months: during months 1‐3 all groups trained twice‐a‐week and then with allocated frequencies during months 4‐9. Exercise‐related motivation, self‐efficacy, and planning were measured with questionnaires at baseline, month‐3 and month‐9. The continuance of resistance training was determined by interviews 6 and 12 months after the end of the intervention. The intervention improved action and coping planning as well as intrinsic motivation (group × time P < .05). During 1‐year follow‐up, 54% of participants did not continue self‐directed regular resistance training, 22% continued regular resistance training once‐a‐week, and 24% twice‐a‐week. Increases in exercise self‐efficacy and intrinsic motivation related to training during the intervention predicted continuation of resistance training twice‐a‐week. Resistance training improved exercise‐related motivational and volitional characteristics in older adults. These improvements were linked to continuing resistance training 1 year after the supervised intervention. The role of these characteristics should be taken into account when promoting long‐term resistance training participation among older adults.
Hybrid Neural Networks Based Approach for Holoscopic Micro-Gesture Recognition in Images and Videos

This paper presents an approach for hand based micro-gesture recognition in images and videos as part of the Holoscopic Micro-Gesture Recognition (HoMGR) challenge. The database consists of Holoscopic 3D Micro-Gesture images and videos. The proposed framework is an ensemble of convolutional neural network and deep neural network. The framework performs feature fusion technique on both handcrafted (local phase quantization) and deep features extracted from the neural network, to leverage on complimentary information. The powerful discriminative nature of the fused features has proved beneficial on the given HoMGR challenge data. The experiments show that the proposed approach is effective and outperforms the baseline on the Test set by an absolute margin of 26.67% for images and 2.47% for videos, respectively.
Direct endoscopic necrosectomy at the time of transmural stent placement results in earlier resolution of complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis: Results from a large multicenter United States trial

Background and Objectives: EUS-guided drainage, and direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) of walled-off necrosis (WON) using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is safe and effective. Early debridement of WON may improve overall clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to perform a multicenter retrospective study to compare the clinical outcomes and predictors of success for endoscopic drainage of WON with LAMS followed by immediate or delayed DEN performed at standard intervals. Methods: Patients with WON managed by EUS-guided drainage with LAMS were divided into 2 groups: (1) those that underwent immediate DEN at the time of stent placement and (2) those that underwent delayed DEN 1 week after stent placement. DEN was subsequently performed every 1–2 week (s). Technical success (successful placement of LAMS), adverse events (AEs), and clinical success (complete resolution of the WON) were evaluated. Results: Totally, 271 patients underwent WON drainage with LAMS: 69 who underwent immediate DEN and 202 who underwent delayed DEN. The technical success for LAMS placement was 100% in both groups. There was no significant difference in the overall procedural AEs between the immediate and delayed DEN groups (P = 7.2% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.81). Stent dislodgement during index endoscopy occurred in three patients in the immediate DEN group compared to zero in the delayed DEN group (P = 0.016); all three dislodgements occurred during necrosectomy. Clinical success for WON resolution in the immediate DEN group was 91.3% compared to 86.1% in the delayed DEN group (P = 0.3). The mean number of necrosectomy sessions for WON resolution was significantly lower in the immediate DEN group compared to the delayed DEN group (3.1 vs. 3.9, P < 0.001). Performing DEN at the time of stent placement was an independent predictor for resolution of WON with lesser number of DEN sessions (odds ratio 2.3; P = 0.004). Conclusions: DEN at the time of initial stent placement reduces the number of necrosectomy sessions required for successful clinical resolution of WON.
Evaluating the effect of metronidazole plus amoxicillin‐clavulanate versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate alone in canine haemorrhagic diarrhoea: a randomised controlled trial in primary care practice

OBJECTIVES To investigate the benefit of supplementing amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy with metronidazole in dogs presenting to a primary care veterinary practice with severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective randomised blinded trial on dogs presenting with haemorrhagic diarrhoea of less than 3 days duration to a primary care veterinary hospital and also requiring intravenous fluid therapy. Cases were randomised to receive either metronidazole or saline, in addition to standard supportive therapy consisting of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, intravenous fluid therapy, buprenorphine and omeprazole. Treatment efficacy was measured by duration of hospitalisation and daily scoring of disease severity. RESULTS Thirty-four cases successfully completed the trial. There was no significant difference in hospitalisation time between treatment groups (mean for dogs receiving metronidazole was 29.6 hours and for controls was 26.3 hours) nor in daily clinical scores. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study strongly suggests that addition of metronidazole is not an essential addition to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy for treatment of severe cases of haemorrhagic diarrhoea in dogs.
Appointment reminders by text message in a safety net health care system: a pragmatic investigation

Introduction: Short Message Service (SMS) appointment reminders may provide a wide-reaching, low cost approach to reducing operational inefficiencies and improving access to care. Previous studies indicate this modality may improve attendance rates, yet there is a need for large-scale, pragmatic studies that include unintended consequences and operational costs. Methods: This pragmatic investigation was a before-after analysis that compared visit attendance outcomes among patients who opted into SMS appointment reminders with outcomes among those who declined over an 18-month evaluation period from March 25, 2013, to September 30, 2014. Eligibility in our integrated safety net health care system included age greater than 17, English or Spanish as a primary language, and a cell phone number in our scheduling system. Results: 47,390 patients were invited by SMS to participate, of which 20,724 (43.7 percent) responded with 18,138 opting in (81.5 percent of respondents). Participants received SMS reminders for 77,783 scheduled visits; comparison group patients (N=72,757) were scheduled for 573,079 visits during the evaluation period. Intervention and comparison groups had, respectively, attendance rates of 72.8 percent versus 66.1 percent (p<0.001), cancellation rates of 13.2 percent versus 18.6 percent (p<0.001), and no show rates of 14.0 percent versus 15.3 percent. Patient satisfaction with text messaging ranged from 77 percent to 96 percent. Implementation challenges included a low rate of inaccurate reminders due to non-standard use of the scheduling system across clinical departments. Discussion: SMS appointment reminders improve patient satisfaction and provide a low operating cost approach to reducing operational inefficiencies through improved attendance rates in an integrated safety net health care system.
Taxonomic placement of sterile morphotypes of endophytic fungi from Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinaceae) in northeast China based on rDNA sequences

In a survey of the endophytic fungi from Pinus tabulaeformis in northeast China, approximately 11% of isolates did not produce spores, although various techniques were employed to promote sporulation. These sterile mycelia were grouped into 74 morphotypes based on similar cultural characters. Arrangement of isolates into morphotypes does not reflect species phylogeny, and therefore they were further identified based on phylogenetic analysis of the 5.8S gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions, as well as sequence similarity comparison. Sequence analyses indicated that five morphotypes were Basidiomycota, while the other 69 morphotypes were Ascomycota. Further analyses resulted in two morphotypes being identified as Fusarium sporotrichioides and Schizophyllum commune. Twenty-two morphotypes were identified to generic level, seven to family (Lophiostomataceae and Valsaceae) level, and four to order (Helotiales and Pezizales) level. The 74 morphotypes were classified into 64 taxa, which indicates a high diversity of fungi on Pinus.