Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A high-density, SNP-based consensus map of tetraploid wheat as a bridge to integrate durum and bread wheat genomics and breeding.

Consensus linkage maps are important tools in crop genomics. We have assembled a high-density tetraploid wheat consensus map by integrating 13 data sets from independent biparental populations involving durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum), cultivated emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and their ancestor (wild emmer, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). The consensus map harboured 30 144 markers (including 26 626 SNPs and 791 SSRs) half of which were present in at least two component maps. The final map spanned 2631 cM of all 14 durum wheat chromosomes and, differently from the individual component maps, all markers fell within the 14 linkage groups. Marker density per genetic distance unit peaked at centromeric regions, likely due to a combination of low recombination rate in the centromeric regions and even gene distribution along the chromosomes. Comparisons with bread wheat indicated fewer regions with recombination suppression, making this consensus map valuable for mapping in the A and B genomes of both durum and bread wheat. Sequence similarity analysis allowed us to relate mapped gene-derived SNPs to chromosome-specific transcripts. Dense patterns of homeologous relationships have been established between the A- and B-genome maps and between nonsyntenic homeologous chromosome regions as well, the latter tracing to ancient translocation events. The gene-based homeologous relationships are valuable to infer the map location of homeologs of target loci/QTLs. Because most SNP and SSR markers were previously mapped in bread wheat, this consensus map will facilitate a more effective integration and exploitation of genes and QTL for wheat breeding purposes.
The Relationship of Social Responsibility with the Socially Responsible Behaviours and the Values of Entrepreneur in the Laja—Bajio Zone, México

Social responsibility has had, through the history of mankind manifestations through different theories that have given the configuration of what is currently understood as social responsibility. Although it is a subject that has always cohabited with the human being, it is also true that from the last decade of the last century and the first of this century has recovered momentum. This paper aims to understand how social values base behaviours and how these in turn can be measured through indicators of social responsibility and finally how they can be translated into business performance.
Subdivisions of graphs with large minimum degree

We prove a theorem on path systems implying the conjecture of Bollobas that there exists a function f(k, m) (where k and m are natural numbers) satisfying the following: For each graph G of minimum degree at least f(k, m) there exists a graph H of minimum degree at least k such that G contains the graph obtained from H by subdividing each edge m times.
Investigating Mobile Assisted English Foreign Language Learning and Teaching in China: Issues, Attitudes and Perceptions

This study aims to investigate how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and students in China spontaneously use apps for smartphone and tablets to support their informal language learning. It also seeks to determine EFL teachers’ perspectives on informal and formal Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL). A total of 240 smartphone and/or tablet users (186 students and 54 EFL teachers) from four colleges in Guangdong China participated in the survey. Twenty-eight teachers selected from the survey participants were interviewed afterwards. Analysis of the survey data showed that all participants were using apps to learn foreign languages informally. Survey data analysis also revealed that the most frequently used apps were based on form-focused behaviorist activities rather than learnercentered constructivist activities. A comparison of usage between EFL teachers and students revealed no significant difference in their choice of apps, yet students expected guidance from EFL teachers in using apps and resources to facilitate language learning. Finally, while the survey data indicated EFL teachers had positive attitudes towards informal MALL, the interviews revealed that many of them held negative sentiments toward MALL in the classroom. We interpret this difference in attitudes as a reflection of the teachers’ concerns about learners’ self-control and autonomous learning skills, as well as concerns about required teachers’ knowledge and perceived changes to teachers’ roles. We conclude by discussing the implications of MALL for language teacher education and professional development. Investigating Mobile Assisted English Foreign Language Learning and Teaching in China: Issues, Attitudes and Perceptions
Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection and Virologic Treatment Response: A Meta-Analysis

Background:Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-1 infection is essential for plasma HIV-1 RNA suppression. Self-report is the most frequently used measure of adherence to HAART, but its validity is controversial. Studies on the relation between self-reported adherence and virologic treatment response have shown inconsistent results. We investigated whether this variability between studies about the effect of self-reported adherence on virologic treatment response could be attributed to study design features. Methods:We searched for studies reporting on adult nonpregnant patients prescribed antiretroviral therapy for chronic HIV-1 infection using a self-reported adherence measure and providing information about the relation between adherence and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations. Meta-analysis with random effects modeling was used to pool data and to investigate sources of heterogeneity. Results:Sixty-five studies fulfilled inclusion criteria, containing data from 15,351 patients. The pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of detectable plasma viral load in nonadherent patients was 2.31 (1.99-2.68). There was significant heterogeneity among studies (P < 0.001). Not ascertaining confidentiality of responses, use of actual viral load measurements, an adherence threshold lower than 95%, higher percentages of patients on their initial antiretroviral regimen, and higher percentages of patients with a history of intravenous drug use within a study were associated with higher point estimates. Conclusions:Overall, we observed that self-reported adherence measures can distinguish between clinically meaningful patterns of medication-taking behavior. Distinct study characteristics were significantly associated with the relation between adherence and virologic response. These characteristics should be taken into consideration when interpreting results from studies on self-reported adherence.
Income Dynamics in Norwegian Families on Social Assistance: A Panel Data Study of a Social Assistance Cohort

This paper provides new evidence about the income dynamics among families with children in Norway receiving social assistance benefits. The data includes all Norwegian families receiving social assistance benefits for the first time in 1995. The income development of these families is followed until the end of 1999. In order to take advantage of the longitudinal character of the data, multivariate panel data models are applied. The analytical framework is elaborated from two theoretical approaches, where hypotheses drawn from a dependency framework are tested alongside hypotheses developed from a life-course perspective. The latter is of particular relevance for the families under scrutiny. The results show that, far from being permanently marginalised from the labour market, most families respond positively to upturning business cycles, and work activity seems to be an important factor in increasing family income. Certain groups are worse-off economically than others: in particular, families going through life-phase changes, both expected and unexpected, are likely to experience longer periods of low income. Hence, the parents' transition from adolescence to adulthood and entry into the labour market seems to be a critical phase for families. Further, single parenting seems to influence family income negatively. Families with backgrounds from developing countries have a substantially lower income than native Norwegians and western immigrants; however, the former do not seem to have a stronger inclination towards benefit dependency than native Norwegians.
Ischemia modified albumin: is this marker of ischemia ready for prime time use?

present a continuum of disease ranging from unstable angina, associated with reversible myocardial cell injury, to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, associated with irreversible myocardial necrosis. The common pathophysiological feature of the ACS spectrum is the rupture or erosion of atheromatous plaque. A number of cardiac biomarkers have been described that detect different stages in the development of ACS. The use of these biomarkers can be divided into two categories: diagnosis and risk stratification. From a diagnostic standpoint, the aim is to try and develop biomarkers that identify patients with ACS, even when there is no evidence of myocyte necrosis. Patients with cardiac ischemia are at increased risk for subsequent coronary events but they may often be discharged because there is insufficient evidence to justify hospital admission. In cases with cardiac ischemia, rather than necrosis, it may be more difficult to confirm the diagnosis when the patient has acute chest pain, non-diagnostic electrocardiograms (ECG), and normal biomarkers for necrosis. This diagnostic target is still in its infancy and there is no “gold standard” for accurately assessing myocardial ischemia. Although a number of new cardiac marker strategies (e.g. free fatty acids, choline)
Investigation of the relationship between PD measured with RF techniques and apparent charge quantity of metal protrusion in air

Radical frequency (RF) measurement has become hot point in field of partial discharge detection. However, a big problem that hampers the application of this method is difficult to establish a relationship between data from RF measurement and apparent discharge quantity, that is, use RF signal to estimate the apparent discharge. In this paper, on the basis of the experiment model of metal protrusion, the relationship between RF measurement and pulse current method (IEC60270) was investigated. The relationship curves of energy, double integration, peak voltage, peak-peak voltage, area of the RF signal relative to apparent discharge quantity or the square of apparent discharge quantity were plotted and the optimal regression curve was found out. At the same time, the impacts of voltage and the distance between protrusion and plate were investigated as well. The results indicate that the optimal regression curve is energy of RF signal relative to square of apparent discharge quantity. The variation of voltage has no impact on the regression curve, that is, data from different voltage regress to one line. However, while the distance between protrusion and plate is changed, the slope of regression curve changes according to it and the same energy is corresponding to bigger discharge quantity. The results are valuable to be applied in the field of estimation of the discharge quantity of RF partial discharge signal.
Comparison Between the Behavior of HTS Thin Film Grown on Sapphire and Coated Conductors for Fault Current Limiter Applications

The major drawback for the commercialization of fault current limiter (FCL) made of YBCO on sapphire is their expensive price. In the recent years, coated conductors (CC) have been extensively developed and, due to their lower prices, have been recently tested for current limitation application. One weakness of these CC is the very low electric fields they can sustain, typically below 1 V/cm as compared to 20-40 V/cm observed in YBCO films grown on sapphire. The limitation of this electric field in CC comes certainly from the very low propagation velocities of the dissipative state, a property which might be correlated with the poor thermal behavior of the architecture of these materials. Both the thermal conductivities of the Hastelloy substrate and of the conducting bilayer (superconducting DyBCO and Ag conducting layer) influence the thermal behavior of the CC and therefore have to be optimized to get the best performance. We have then investigated the thermal and electrical behavior and the propagation velocities in CC during constant current pulses above Jc . The comparison with the results obtained on YBCO films grown on sapphire shows several differences. In CC, the flux flow resistivities are 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than in film grown on sapphire and quench propagation velocities are 2-3 orders of magnitude lower (of the order of cm/s). The propagation velocities in CC and in films on sapphire are analysed with a simple adiabatic model.
Continuous Glucose Sensors: Continuing Questions about Clinical Accuracy

Continuous glucose sensors (CGS) offer the potential to greatly change the lives of people with diabetes. Even though two of these systems (Guardian RT, Medtronic, Northridge, CA, and DexCom STS, DexCom, San Diego, CA) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as adjuncts to self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM), questions remain concerning the accuracy of these devices. When considering accuracy, two distinct approaches should be emphasized: (1) numerical and (2) clinical. Because CGS data are a process in time, each of these two approaches includes two subtypes of accuracy: point and rate. Conventional statistics such as correlation coefficients, mean and median relative absolute differences, and International Standards Organization criteria are measures of numerical point accuracy. A new measure, the R deviation, is introduced to quantify numerical rate accuracy. Error-grid analysis (Clarke EGA) measures clinical point accuracy. The only measure of both clinical point accuracy and rate accuracy is continuous glucose error-grid analysis. This analysis is a combination of two components, P-EGA measuring point accuracy and R-EGA measuring rate accuracy, which are designed to assess the information that distinguishes continuous glucose measurements from intermittent SBGM determinations. Further, a better understanding of the source of the error associated with time lag and its effect on CGS readings may improve sensor output. Finally, the reliability of the CGS sensors, in terms of initial calibration and long-term application, needs to be assessed carefully if current CGS systems are to be used as hypoglycemia monitors or incorporated in the future design of closed loop (artificial pancreas) systems.
Security of supply during the energy transition: The role of capacity mechanisms

The push for clean energy has caused a rapid growth of renewables in the electricity supply mix of the EU. Although one would assume that the impact of these technologies is entirely positive, recent research and experience indicate that there is reason for concern namely regarding the security of supply. In this context, the concern is how renewable energy sources (RES) affect the business case of conventional power generation. In response to this concern, capacity mechanisms are being considered or have already been implemented by various member states of the EU. However, in a highly interconnected electricity system, such as the one in Europe, there appears to be a risk that the uncoordinated implementation of capacity mechanisms may cause unintended cross-border effects. This research explored the performance of various capacity mechanisms in an electricity system with a strong growth in the portfolio share of variable renewable energy sources (RES). The cross-border effects of implementing various capacity mechanisms in an interconnected power system were also analyzed. In this research, two capacity mechanisms, namely a strategic reserve and a capacity market, were modeled as extensions to the EMLab-Generation agent-based model. Furthermore, two variations of a capacity market were analyzed. The first was a yearly capacity market design and the second was a forward capacity market with long term contracts. A survey of experts on the US capacity markets supplemented the modeling work with practical insights.
Risks and benefits of lifelong antiretroviral treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women: a review of the evidence for the Option B+ approach.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Considerable debate has emerged on whether Option B+ (B+), initiation of lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all pregnant and breastfeeding women, is the best approach to achieving elimination of mother-to-child-transmission. However, direct evidence and experience with B+ is limited. We review the current evidence informing the proposed benefits and potential risks of the B+ approach, distinguishing individual health concerns for mother and child from program delivery and public health issues. RECENT FINDINGS For mothers and infants, B+ may offer significant benefits for transmission prevention and maternal health. However, several studies raise concerns about the safety of ART exposure to fetuses and infants, as well as adherence challenges for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. For program delivery and public health, B+ presents distinct advantages in terms of transmission prevention to uninfected partners and increased simplicity potentially improving program feasibility, access, uptake, and retention in care. Despite being more costly in the short-term, B+ will likely be cost effective over time. SUMMARY This review provides a detailed analysis of risks and benefits of B+. As national programs adopt this approach, it will be critical to carefully assess both short-term and long-term maternal and infant outcomes.
Mechanized agriculture: machine adoption, farm size, and labor displacement

Mechanization in such countries as the United States and Canada has dramatically reshaped the agricultural landscape since the time of early settlement. However, in some parts of the world, agriculture is still highly labor intensive. Mechanization has had a major impact on the demand and supply for farm labor; the profitability of farming; and the change in the rural landscape, including rural communities. The introduction of new technology usually results in losers and gainers. For example, the introduction of the mechanical tomato harvester in California created considerable controversy, primarily due to farm workers not being compensated for lost wages (Schmitz & Seckler, 1970). In this article, we highlight several mechanical innovations that include the tomato harvester, cotton stripper and picker, sugarcane harvester, grain combine, lettuce harvester, orange harvester, zero-tillage air seeder, highclearance sprayer, small farm equipment (e.g., Leon dozer blade, balers and handlers, and rock pickers), concentrated livestock operation equipment, and greenhouse nursery operations. There are others not included, such as tobacco harvesting.
Biases and discrimination : an economic analysis using lab and field experiments

This thesis uses laboratory and field experiments to examine the underlying motivations that drive biased and discriminatory behaviour. Its focus is on the differential treatment of others that stems from individuals’ preferences for particular social and ethnic groups. The unifying theme of this thesis is the exploration of how such discriminatory tastes can manifest themselves within individuals’ social and other–regarding preferences, determining the extent to which they care about the welfare of others. The prevalence and implications of these types of preferences are considered in both market and non–market settings. This thesis is dedicated to my daughter, Isabella.
The Effect of Contextual Learning in Civic Education on Students’ Civic Skills

ABSTRACT: The development of Civic Education cannot be isolated from globalization tendency that influences the students’ life. However, the recent fact in Indonesia is that learning is still dominated by conventional system. Thus, the implementation of learning oriented to “contextualized multiple intelligence s ” concept is still far away from its wish. This study aimed to describe the effect of contextual learning in Civic Education on students’ civic skills. The process of study used quantitative approach with survey method. The population of study was Junior High School students in West Java, Indonesia, taught by Civic Education teachers who had followed Competence-Based Integrated Training. The total sample was 1,004 students based on cluster, proportional, and systematic random sampling . The result of study showed that contextual learning in West Java Junior High Schools belonged to average category. The civic skills of Junior High School students in West Java were belonged to high category. There was significant effect of contextual learning on students’ civic skills, which was shown with correlation by 0.48 and contribution by 23%. Therefore, teachers should apply contextual learning, the government should develop effective training system to improve the teachers ’ competence in contextual learning and teacher education institution should develop innovation of learning model involving school. KEY WORDS: Contextual learning, civic education, students’ civic skills, thinking skill and participative skill, and good and democratic citizens . About the Author: Dr. Hj. Kokom Komalasari is a Lecturer at the Department of Civic Education, Faculty of Social Studies Education UPI (Indonesia University of Education), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.229 Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia. She can be reached at: komsari36@yahoo.co.id How to cite this article? Komalasari, Kokom. (2012). “The Effect of Contextual Learning in Civic Education on Students’ Civic Skills” in EDUCARE: International Journal for Educational Studies , Vol.4(2) February, pp.179-190. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java; and FKIP UMP in Purwokerto, Central Java, ISSN 1979-7877. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (December 15, 2011); Revised (January 20, 2012); and Published (February 17, 2012).
Vascular Risk Factors Linked to Multiple Lacunar Infarcts

Background: The pathogenesis of lacunar infarcts is still incompletely established. Data from the literature suggest that vascular risk factors differ among patients with multiple (MLI) and single lacunar infarcts (SLI). We reexamined this hypothesis using stricter inclusion criteria and a less selected study population. Methods: We evaluated 136 patients consecutively admitted for first-ever minor stroke to a general hospital with the characteristics of a community hospital. Vascular risk factors were studied by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses among the following subgroups of patients, classified according to CT findings: (a) with lacunar infarct; (b) with nonlacunar infarct (NLI); (c) with SLI; (d) with MLI; (e) with single, either lacunar or nonlacunar, infarct. Results: No significant difference was observed between patients with lacunar infarcts and patients with NLI. Compared to patients with SLI or NLI, patients with MLI had significantly more often a family history of hypertension, cardiomegaly on the chest radiograph and CT leukoaraiosis as well as a higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure on admission. Logistic regression analysis selected CT leukoaraiosis, Rx cardiomegaly and admission diastolic blood pressure as independent, significant predictors of MLI. Conclusion: In patients with first-ever minor stroke, the risk factor profile differs according to the evidence of SLI or MLI on the CT scan. In terms of risk factors, patients with SLI seem more similar to those with NLI than those with MLI. Based on the predicting effect of variables linked with type and severity of arterial hypertension, the CT appearance of MLI might express a more univocal and specific cerebrovascular pathology (hypertensive arteriolosclerosis).