Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scenarios to explain extreme Be depletion in solar-like stars: accretion or rotation effects?

Studies of beryllium abundance in large samples of solar-type stars show a small fraction of extremely beryllium-deficient stars, which challenges our current understanding of light element depletion in these stars. We suggest two possible scenarios that may explain this high level of Be depletion: early accretion and rotational mixing. We show that in both cases, the conditions required to reach the observed level of Be depletion are quite extreme, which explains the very small fraction of detected Be outliers. We suggest that substantial Be depletion can be obtained in stars if they were fast rotators in the past, with high initial rotational velocities and short disc lifetimes. Our analysis suggests that rotational mixing may not be efficient enough to deplete Be in less than 10 Myr. Consequently, the detection of strongly Be-deficient stars in clusters younger than ∼10 Myr may provide a genuine signature of accretion process and the proof that some protostars may undergo many extreme bursts of accretion during their embedded phases of evolution.
Compatibility of Trichoderma strains and their mutants with common agrochemicals

A study was conducted to evaluate compatibility of two Trichoderma strains, T. asperellum (Th 14) and T. harzianum (Th 3) and their mutants (6 nos.) with seven common agrochemicals (captan, carbendazim, tebuconazole, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, glyphosate and quizalofop ethyl) in vitro at two concentrations, i.e. 100 and 250 µg ml-1. Results revealed that the parent strains were fully compatible (100%) with captan, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and glyphosate, partially compatible with quizalofop ethyl and incompatible (0%) with carbendazim and tebuconazole, at both concentrations. All the mutants were found incompatible with carbendazim at both the concentrations. But compatibility was induced in mutants Th 3 M1 and Th 3 M6 with tebuconazole at 100 and 250 µg ml-1(76.1 and 57.8%; 45.9 and 36.2%, respectively) as compared to their incompatible parent strain (Th 3). However, mutants Th 14 M2, Th 3 M2 and Th 3M6 exhibited lower compatibility (89.6, 83.3 and 94.4%, respectively) with captan at 250 µg ml-1 as compared to their parent strains (Th 14 and Th 3). On the contrary, mutants Th 3 M1 and Th 3 M2 showed enhanced compatibility with quizalofop ethyl at 100 and 250 µg ml-1 (58.4 and 47.0 %; 58.1 and 37.0%, respectively) as compared to their parent strain (Th 3). These findings indicated that the mutants varied in their interaction with the agrochemicals, yielding higher, similar or lower compatibility as compared to their parent strains. Mutants Th 3 M1 and Th 3 M6 were found most promising exhibiting compatibility with all the test chemicals except carbendazim.
Integrated Management of Bacterial Spot on Tomato in Florida

Bacterial spot is one of the most detrimental diseases of tomato and is especially severe in the southeast United States when weather conditions (high temperature, high humidity, and rain) become conducive for disease development. This new 8-page publication of the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department presents updated information about the causal pathogen and management of bacterial spot on tomato in Florida. Written by Amanda Strayer-Scherer, Ying-Yu Liao, Peter Abrahamian, Sujan Timilsina, Mathews Paret, Tim Momol, Jeff Jones, and Gary Vallad.https://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/pp353
Development of student knowledge in competence-based pre-vocational education

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the development of student knowledge in pre-vocational secondary education schools which differ in the manner and extent to which they have implemented characteristics of competence-based education. The implementation of these characteristics was examined using a teacher questionnaire and the development of knowledge was investigated using concept mapping. The results showed that students developed slightly more knowledge in learning situations with fewer characteristics of competence-based education. The organisational characteristics of the learning situations were further found to be distinctive for the development of knowledge.
Smallholder farmers' willingness to incorporate biofuel crops into cropping systems in Malawi.

Using cross-sectional data, this study analysed the critical and significant socioeconomic factors with high likelihood to determine smallholder farmers’ decision and willingness to adopt jatropha into cropping systems in Malawi. Employing desk study and multi-stage random sampling technique a sample of 592 households was drawn from across the country for analysis. A probit model was used for the analysis of determinants of jatropha adoption by smallholder farmers. Empirical findings show that education, access to loan, bicycle ownership and farmers’ expectation of raising socioeconomic status are major significant factors that would positively determine probability of smallholder farmers’ willingness to adopt jatropha as a biofuel crop on the farm. Furthermore, keeping of ruminant herds of livestock, long distance to market and fears of market unavailability have been revealed to have significant negative influence on farmers’ decision and willingness to adopt jatropha. Policy implications for sustainable crop diversification drive are drawn and discussed.
BIDISPERSE FERROFLUIDS WITH CHAIN AGGREGATES: MICROSTRUCTURE AND MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES

Ferrofiuids can be viewed as particular interesting class of dipolar fluids, which have a wide range of potential application in biomedicine and technology and in this report the research of a bidisperse ferrofluids with chain aggregates are presented. A novel theoretical approach was developed to describe the microstructure and macroscopic properties of such systems. It was shown the presence of chains leads to an increase of the initial susceptibility in comparison with that of a homogeneous ferrocolloid. The behaviour of the structure factor in the region of the first peak and in the region of large wave vectors is studied in detail, and related to the observed microstructure. Obtained results demonstrate that the combined method developed is suitable for revealing the connection between microstructure and scattering images, and thus can help to interpret experimental results such as small angle neutron scattering images. This research was started in 2005 and connected with magnetic fluids (MF). They are colloidal systems consisting of particles (magnetic particles, ferroparticles) suspended in magneto-passive liquids. The external magnetic field can orient the ferroparticle magnetic moments, which leads to the change of MF properties, such as viscosity, phase behavior, or their optical birefringence. Their unique combination of strong response to the external magnetic field with their liquid state gives rise to numerous applications of magnetic fluids in engineering and arts, and the magnetic fluids appear to be very useful in biomédical applications as an effective tool in cancer treatment.
Exploring User Acceptance of a Text-message Base Health Intervention among Young African Americans

Information technology has been used in diverse ways. It has been used in both the public and private sectors to reduce costs and increase satisfaction. Technology may also be instrumental in improving individuals' healthy behaviors. For instance, statistics suggest that technology-based interventions may promote healthy sexual behaviors; however, few studies have explored willingness to participate in technology-mediated interventions. In this study, we use the diffusion of innovation theory to identify factors that influence one's intention to use a text-message service to receive sexual health information. The results indicate that technology diffusion factors rather than risk beliefs and privacy concerns impacted participant's intention to use a text-message intervention. The findings of this study have significant implications for innovative uses of technology to promote health. Mobile-health interventions that are easy to use and that provide more benefits than other interventions are most likely to be adopted. However, these interventions should seek to maximize privacy protections and communicate clearly about these protections.
On blocking : The rhetorical aspects of content-level discourse relations and their semantics

Discourse relations play a central role in many discourse theories, e.g., RST, DLTAG, and SDRT, but the nature of these relations remains too often obscure. Often, discourse relations between discourse segments are considered as a shortcut for a relation between the eventualities described in those discourse segments. For instance, Narration is defined as the relation of temporal precedence between events, Result as the relation of causation, and Elaboration as the part-of relation. This paper aims to show why such definitions cannot do, a fact which is underlying SDRT’s approach but has not been emphasized enough. Evidence is based on the phenomenon of ‘blocking’, in which the semantics of some linguistic markers blocks the inference to some discourse relations. Blocking has been particularly well studied by Isabel Gómez Txurruka, who also wrote perhaps the clearest piece of argumentation on the necessity to distinguish relations at the rhetorical or information packaging level, i.e., discourse relations, from relations at the propositional content level, i.e., relations among elements in the world described by the discourse.
THE MONETARY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM FOR A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY IN A MONETARY UNION * 1

This paper develops a stylized model of a small open economy integrated in a monetary union. As the small country trades with countries inside and outside of the monetary union, there are three blocks in the model. The small open country, the block represented by all the remaining countries that belong to the monetary union, and the one that includes all countries that do not belong to the monetary union.
Learning to draw with the HIPP application

In this paper, we describe an audio-haptic drawing application prototype that has recently been tested by five pupils who are 8-13 years. The application has been used by pupils, assistants and teachers to access graphics and create graphics that are accessible for pupils with severe visual impairment or blindness. We have observed a spread in the actual use of the system that seems to depend, for example, on the special pedagogical knowledge of teachers and assistants, their learning focus, and the age of the pupil when they start using the system.
The Expert Approach to Verification at Cognitive Mapping of Ill-Structured Situations

Abstract Increasingly popular cognitive mapping of complex and ill-structured situations carries risks for the validity of end results both because of cognitive complexity of investigated problem situations and because of features of modern cognitive map languages. Verification of cognitive maps is proposed as the means to cope with human-induced risks, with the main objective defined as the early detection and blocking of risks to validity of end results of modelling and direct errors. In view of inevitable making decisions by experts-verifiers, the expert approach to verification of formal cognitive maps is developing including more traditional verification with the predefined criteria along with the original idea of using the intrinsic cognitive resources of the expert: detectors of errors and anomalies triggered by the cognitive dissonance. Expert verification capabilities in detecting risks to validity of end results and direct errors in cognitive maps are shown in the example of real-world map.
STUDENTS' ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS MAINSTAY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING. THE CASE OF THE WA NURSING TRAINING COLLEGE

Scholars have different views on the use of social media and its effects on teaching and learning. This study looked at students’ engagement in social media and its significance for their academic performance. The study was a cross sectional survey. Questionnaire (based on 4-Likert scale) and observation were used for data collection. Hundred and ten (110) student-nurses were conveniently sampled for the study. A section of the participants were observed in the Information and Communication Technology Laboratory during their computer lessons. The results which were processed with SPSS version 20 indicate that the student-nurses engaged mostly in Facebook, WhatsApp, and Google+, YouTube and Twitter. Participants used social media largely for learning, socialization, and entertainment. Majority specified that social media influence their academic performance positively. It is recommended that Interactive Social Networks should be developed by Health Training Institutions (HTIs) for teaching and learning purposes in the country.
Adoption of Rational Farming Technology for Development of aModel for Exploring Sustainable Farming Practice in Farmer’s Field

The effectivity of Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology was critically evaluated as a model of Sustainable Farming Practice in farmers’ field using okra (variety : Shakti - F1 hybrid) as test crop. The stusy was conducted at Binuria village in Birbhum District of West Bengal during February to October (2013). The village is in close vicinity of Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan. The study area lies in 23.660 N and 87.630E at about 179 ft. above MSL, with level to nearly level landscape. The experiment was laid down as per randomized block design (RBD) with 7 treatments replicated 3 times. The treatments included local farming practice with chemical inputs, organic farming practice (Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology’ developed by Dr. P. Das Biswas, Founder, Inhana Biosciences, Kolkata) as well as integrated farming practice (combination of chemical and organic inputs for both soil and plant management). The most significant finding was that 100% reduction of chemical pesticide can be economically viable in the very first year with adoption of IRF Organic Package of Practice, under which 13.6% yield increase was recorded as compared to conventional farmer’s practice. Also when IRF was adopted for integrated cultivation model, higher yield as well as higher net income was obtained in comparison to conventional Farmer’s practice. Upto 144.5% higher Nitrogen Utilization efficiency and 32.8 % higher partial factor productivity was recorded under treatments with IRF Package. This higher response might be due to increased uptake and utilization of indigenous nutrients under the influence of high quality Novcom compost containing huge population (in order of 1016 c.f.u per gm moist compost) of self- generated microbes, which led to better nutrient (both macro and micro) mineralization in soil for plant uptake. This was also complimented by IRF Plant Management Package, which perhaps enhanced plant physiological functioning in terms of better N uptake and its utilization within plants.
Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution using alkaline-modified pumice stone powder (PSP): equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies.

Adsorption processes of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions onto pumice stone powder (PSP) were investigated in batch mode. The influences of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal (M) concentration, and temperature on adsorption process were investigated. The kinetic and isotherm data were analysed using different model equations. The adsorption process was consistent with the Langmuir model for both metal ions with high R$^{2}$ and low $\chi^{2}$ values for both Pb(II) and Cd(II). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were 28.09 and 27.17 mg g$^{-1}$ for Pb(II) and for Cd(II), respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic model explained the kinetic data as evidenced by the calculated q$_{e}$ (cal) values (10.42 mg g$^{-1}$ for Pb(II) and 2.62 mg g$^{-1}$ for Cd(II)) agreeing with the experimental values (9.24 mg g$^{-1}$ for Pb(II) and 2.49 mg g$^{-1}$ for Cd(II)). Consequently, the present study demonstrated that PSP could be utilised in adsorptive removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.
NMR profiling clarifies the characterization of Finnish honeys of different botanical 1 origins 2 3

3 Maaria Kortesniemi*, Carolyn M. Slupsky, Tarja Ollikka, Lassi Kauko, Ann R. Spevacek, Olli 4 Sjövall, Baoru Yang, Heikki Kallio 5 6 a Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 University of 7 Turku, Finland 8 b Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA 9 c Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA 10 d The Finnish Beekeepers’ Association, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland 11 e Environmental Office of Pyhäjärvi Region, FI-27800 Säkylä, Finland 12 f Environmental Health Services, City of Lohja, FI-08101 Lohja, Finland 13 14 * Corresponding author. Tel. : +358 23336813. E-mail address: mkkort@utu.fi (M. Kortesniemi). 15 16 Abstract 17 The Finnish varietal honeys are valued specialty foods with unique characteristics, owing to their 18 botanical origin. H NMR metabolomics was applied to examine the compositional differences and 19 origin-related markers of naturally complex boreal honeys (buckwheat, clover, dandelion, heather, 20 Himalayan balsam, honeydew, linden, lingonberry, multifloral). Special focus was on the 21 metabolites in aqueous samples. Chloroform extracts of selected samples were also analyzed for 22 additional metabolic evidence. 23
Repository Africa in the Evolving “Chinese Century”: The Uneven Sino-Nigerian Water Conservation Partnership

Although extant reconstruction of the limits of international development practice has been implicated in the budding involvement of China in Africa, debates on China's actual intents and prospects have continued to rage. Engaging an exploratory design and a political-ecology approach, which affirms the significance of human factors in contextualising, structuring, and contesting the natural world, this study assesses specific short-term and long-term outcomes of China's Gansu-modelled water conservation project in Kano, Nigeria. The shared ecological interface between China and Nigeria has facilitated transfer of relevant technology to the Guinea and Sahel regions in Northern Nigeria. Chinese involvement in the Nigerian water/agricultural sector has resulted in improved indigenous farmers’ skills, yields, and incomes. Sustaining the trend of ongoing intervention would imply a significant boost to Nigeria's drive towards self-reliance, though a long-term cleavage towards such Chinese interventions might eventually imply neo-dependency.
Courts Early Termination of Supervision : No Compromise to Community Safety

UNDER 18 U.S.C. §§ 3564(c) and 3583(e) (1), the court may terminate terms of probation in misdemeanor cases at any time and terms of supervised release or probation in felony cases after the expiration of one year of supervision, if satisfied that such action is warranted by the conduct of an offender and is in the interest of justice. As such, early termination is a practice that holds promise as a positive incentive for persons under supervision and as a measure to contain costs in the judiciary without compromising the mission of public safety.
Sample-based Estimation of Regional Forest Tree Species Richness

Sample-based estimates of species richness for large heterogeneous regions may be affected by interactions between the sampling design and sub-regional heterogeneity in species richness and diversity. To investigate this issue a Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted with actual forest inventory tree species incidence data from two large regions, four estimators of species richness, three sampling designs, two sampling units (fixed area plots and tree nearest to plot center), and five sample sizes. The regions represent forested areas in central and eastern Canada and three states in the USA. Design effects in estimates of regional species richness were generally weak, of little practical import, and limited to settings with the smallest sample sizes. The study shows that accurate regional estimates of richness can be obtained by pooling sub-regional species incidence data. Sampling with fixed area plots was, with few estimator-dependent exceptions, considerably more efficient than sampling with one tree per sample location. A proposed ratio-based procedure for combining sub-regional estimates of richness broadens the options for regional estimation.
A survey on the feeding of competition horses and perceptions of forage in the UK and Sweden

Classical feeding practices of the performance horse have included the necessity for energydense concentrates that are rich in starch in order to meet its’ high energy requirements. Such diets have been associated to numerous health problems. Moreover, access to forage is traditionally limited due to time constraints and perceptions of it hindering athletic performance. The aim of the present study was to assess the current feeding practices and perception of forage within the competition industry. This was done through an online survey for harness racing trainers and elite level 3-day event riders in the UK and Sweden. Results indicated that feeding practices varied between the disciplines and countries. Hay (45%) and haylage (42%) were the main forages fed. Respondents fed on average 3.6 kg of concentrates daily and most reported turning out their horses on pasture. Less concentrate and more forage was fed in Sweden compared to the UK (p<0.001). Health was selected as the most important factor determining their horses’ feed, more so than performance. Most respondents reported a nutritionist was their main source of nutritional advice. Perceptions of forage in the UK reflected the traditional view that forage cannot meet the high energy requirements of the athletic horse. On the other hand, perceptions of forage in Sweden reflected the findings of research. Overall, respondents were open-minded to a forage-only diet for their athletic horses.
Two Deciduous Human Molars from the Early Pleistocene Deposits of Barranco León (Orce, Spain)

Recently Toro-Moyano et al. (2013) reported a deciduous tooth from Barranco León (Spain; BL02-J54-100) and claimed it to be the oldest human fossil in Europe. In that paper, the authors suggest that a previously reported human molar fragment from the same site (BL5-0) was not human but a deciduous molar of Hippopotamus found out of stratigraphic context. Here, we show the stratigraphic and spatial position of BL5-0, and we separate it from deciduous teeth of Hippopotamus. We conclude that two human deciduous molars have been discovered at the Barranco León site. Both teeth were found 9 meters apart, have a similar size, are heavily worn on the occlusal surface, have a nearly identical interstitial contact facet, and in both cases the roots are practically missing due to resorption. These similarities and the proximity of the finds suggest that both molars probably belonged to the same individual.