Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letter. Partial high-grade alteration of monazite using alkali-bearing fluids: Experiment and nature

Abstract Recent advances in the dating of monazite using the electron microprobe indicate that ThSiO4- and/ or CaTh(PO4)2-enriched intergrowths in monazite can give ages younger than the original monazite. The morphology of the intergrowths suggests that the original monazite grain has been partly altered by a fluid in which Th, Si, and Ca are mobile. This hypothesis has been tested in the piston-cylinder apparatus at 1000 MPa and 900 °C utilizing a natural, unzoned, Th- and Pb-bearing monazite-(Ce) and Na2Si2O5+H2O. During the experiment, a subset of the monazite grains acquired ThSiO4-enriched areas with sharp compositional boundaries devoid of Pb and show evidence of being a pseudomorphic partial replacement of the monazite rather than an overgrowth of the monazite. These experiments support the hypothesis that similar Th-enriched or Th-depleted patches with sharp compositional boundaries observed in natural monazite could be the result of fluid-induced alteration via coupled dissolutionreprecipitation. If so, such altered regions would yield information concerning the nature of the fluid responsible for their formation as well as allow for the dating of single or multiple metasomatic events assuming that all pre-existing radiogenic Pb is removed during alteration
A Dynamical and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Modelling of Malaria Incidence in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Recent studies have considered the connections between malaria incidence and climate variables using mathematical and statistical models. Some of the statistical models focused on time series approach based on Box–Jenkins methodology or on dynamic model. The latter approach allows for covariates different from its original lagged values, while the Box–Jenkins does not. In real situations, malaria incidence counts may turn up with many zero terms in the time series. Fitting time series model based on the Box–Jenkins approach and ARIMA may be spurious. In this study, a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was formulated for fitting malaria incidence in Mopani and Vhembe―two of the epidemic district municipalities in Limpopo, South Africa. In particular, a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was formulated for daily malaria counts as a function of some climate variables, with the aim of identifying the model that best predicts reported malaria cases. Results from this study show that daily rainfall amount and the average temperature at various lags have a significant influence on malaria incidence in the study areas. The significance of zero inflation on the malaria count was examined using the Vuong test and the result shows that zero-inflated negative binomial regression model fits the data better. A dynamical climate-based model was further used to investigate the population dynamics of mosquitoes over the two regions. Findings highlight the significant roles of Anopheles arabiensis on malaria transmission over the regions and suggest that vector control activities should be intense to eradicate malaria in Mopani and Vhembe districts. Although An. arabiensis has been identified as the major vector over these regions, our findings further suggest the presence of additional vectors transmitting malaria in the study regions. The findings from this study offer insight into climate-malaria incidence linkages over Limpopo province of South Africa.
Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticles Produced by Healthy and Microwave-Injured Cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Escherichia coli

Numerous studies have focused on the bacterial synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (bio-Pd NPs), via uptake of Pd (II) ions and their enzymatically-mediated reduction to Pd (0). Cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (obligate anaerobe) and Escherichia coli (facultative anaerobe, grown anaerobically) were exposed to low-dose radiofrequency (RF) radiation(microwave (MW) energy) and the biosynthesized Pd NPs were compared. Resting cells were exposed to microwave energy before Pd (II)-challenge. MW-injured Pd (II)-treated cells (and non MW-treated controls) were contacted with H2 to promote Pd(II) reduction. By using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) associated with a high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, the respective Pd NPs were compared with respect to their mean sizes, size distribution, location, composition, and structure. Differences were observed following MWinjury prior to Pd(II) exposure versus uninjured controls. With D. desulfuricans the bio-Pd NPs formed post-injury showed two NP populations with different sizes and morphologies. The first, mainly periplasmically-located, showed polycrystalline Pd nano-branches with different crystal orientations and sizes ranging between 20 and 30 nm. The second NPpopulation, mainly located intracellularly, comprised single crystals with sizes between 1 and 5 nm. Bio-Pd NPs were produced mainly intracellularly by injured cells of E. coli and comprised single crystals with a size distribution between 1 and 3 nm. The polydispersity index was reduced in the bio-Pd made by injured cells of E. coli and D. desulfuricans to 32% and 39%, respectively, of the values of uninjured controls, indicating an increase in NP homogeneity of 30–40% as a result of the prior MWinjury. The observations are discussed with respect to the different locations of Pd(II)-reducing hydrogenases in the two organisms and with respect to potential implications for the catalytic activity of the produced NPs following injury-associated altered NP patterning.
A systematic scoping review of the genetic ancestry of the Brazilian population

Abstract The genetic background of the Brazilian population is mainly characterized by three parental populations: European, African, and Native American. The aim of this study was to overview the genetic ancestry estimates for different Brazilian geographic regions and analyze factors involved in these estimates. In this systematic scoping review were included 51 studies, comprehending 81 populations of 19 states from five regions of Brazil. To reduce the potential of bias from studies with different sampling methods, we calculated the mean genetic ancestry weighted by the number of individuals. The weighted mean proportions of European, African, and Native American ancestries were 68.1%, 19.6%, and 11.6%, respectively. At the regional level, the highest European contribution occurred in the South, while the highest African and Native American contributions occurred in the Northeastern and Northern regions, respectively. Among states in the Northeast region, Bahia and Ceará showed significant differences, suggesting distinct demographic histories. This review contributes for a broader understanding of the Brazilian ancestry and indicates that the ancestry estimates are influenced by the type of molecular marker and the sampling method.
A structural study of the Separation Point Batholith : emplacement mechanisms and the tectonic regime

The Separation Point Batholith is a late Cretaceous granitic intrusion outcropping in the north-west Nelson region of New Zealand. The batholith is elongate, oriented north I south, and stitches the Paleozoic Takaka Terrane to the arc-derived Median Tectonic Zone. It has been found to be related geochemically to high-Al trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite suites, and hence to be related to the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss. This study investigates the structural features of the northern segment of the Separation Point Batholith where they are exposed along the coastline of the Abel Tasman National Park. Extensive measurements of the pervasive foliation and lineation indicate a consistent planar structure dipping moderately to steeply to the east, and a linear structure plunging gently to the north-east. Jointing systems are approximately consistent with this structure. The western margin is marked by a zone of intense strain, also producing structures dipping steeply to the east, and by the mixing of granitic and dioritic magmas. A model for the emplacement of the Separation Point Batholith has been developed based upon tectonic reconstructions for magma genesis and later post-compressional events. The batholith was emplaced in an active tectonic environment under a transpressional regime, along a major north-south striking oblique shear zone with dextral strike-slip and east-over-west thrusting. Dilational jogs along the shear zone provided the room for intrusion, and the batholith was finally emplaced into releasing bends of high-level fault systems.
Accuracy Study of a Single Frequency Receiver Using a Combined GPS/GALILEO Constellation

As the date of availability of GALILEO approaches, more and more interest appears to pre-evaluate the accuracy of GALILEO and combined GPS+ GALILEO receivers. The majority of simulations made are based on the general use of UERE (often presented as a function of the elevation angle of the satellite) multiplied by the GDOP (Geometric Dilution Of Precision) matrix. This is a too approximate approach to state for the real position error distributions. Therefore, the concept of an Instantaneous Pseudo Range Error (IPRE) is defined and is implemented into NAVSIM the DLR’s end to end GNSS simulator. This new module coupled with the other modules of the simulator permit to lead complete End-to-End simulations. This new functionality has the advantage to augment the field of applications and to couple the generation of errors already implemented in NAVSIM with error distributions coming from real measurements. This study is a good first approach to compare constellations between each other regarding the accuracy issue. The IPRE concept multiplies the functionalities thanks to its ability to generate real distributions of errors. The application to a combined existing constellation (GPS) for which real measurements can be used with a not yet existing constellation (GALILEO) for which only simulated data can be used is an interesting approach. These results can directly be used to test the impact of correction models, of filtering techniques, of antenna types to a combined GPS/GALILEO system thanks to the time series of IPRE and the instantaneous individual errors output from NAVSIM. The best strategy of error mitigation technique can be tested and the result can be used for receiver design before the launch of GALILEO system.
Exploring the Consequences of Work Engagement: Relations Among OCB-I, LMX and Team Work Performance

Engaged employees are key human resources that help organizations sustain their competitive positions. The related literature has predominantly treated work engagement as an outcome variable. Going beyond this context, this research explores the consequences of work engagement. By investigating the outcomes, two important relational mechanisms namely LMX, OCB-I and one performance outcome, team work performance are introduced. Using full-time assessors from an HR consultancy company located in Istanbul, this research tests a moderated mediation mechanisms where LMX and OCB-I are relational resources that link work engagement to team work performance. Results revealed that engaged employees who enjoy high quality LMX with their supervisors are more likely to contribute to co-workers (OCB-I) which in turn predicts enhanced team work performance.
Laminar Instability of Parallel and Nonparallel Flows of Adiabatic Flat Plate

In the present paper, spatial linear stability of adiabatic laminar flat plate boundary layer is computed numerically. This work is interested on the non-parallel compressible flow for a two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) disturbances. Stability diagrams, in the form of curves of constant spatial amplification rates are presented and constitute the original contribution of this paper. However, to assess the validity of the present computations, some important results of parallel flow stability are presented in the convenient and familiar form of contours of constant spatial amplification rates for both 2D and 3D waves in the Mach number range Me= 0.9 to 2.2. Comparisons results for the parallel flow agree with those obtained by Mack and Wazzan, Taghavi and Keltner, but differ from the nonparallel flow giving some important spatial stability results and showing the importance of the wave angle ψ and the Mach number, even the stability diagrams presented in this paper concerned the Reynolds number gives different results for the parallel and nonparallel flows.
Perception of Students and Teachers towards Semester System: A Study in Some Selected Degree Colleges of Nagaon town of Nagaon District of Assam

The present study was conducted on 133 undergraduate students and 44 teachers selected at random from four selected degree colleges affiliated to Gauhati University from Nagaon town of Nagaon district of Assam to find out their perception towards semester system. Self structured questionnaire revealing perception towards five dimensions of semester system- curriculum, syllabus coverage and regularity of classes, teachers and methods of teaching, evaluation and feedback, and availability of resources was administered. The collected data were analyzed through using frequency, percentage, mean and sd. The research result revealed that the perception of students towards internal assessment and overall evaluation is not quite satisfactory. Most of the respondents even don’t understand the evaluation in CGPA. The study further revealed lack of required resources particularly information resources in degree colleges to make semester system effective and successful. In this way, the findings of the present study yielded the necessity of developing strategies by all the stakeholders to arrange for minimum resources and facilities which have a direct bearing on students’ achievement. Keywords: Perception, Semester system, Curriculum, Teaching methods, Evaluation and feedback.
Criteria indicators of formation of economic competence of system of the general education

This article analyses the technology of determination of level of formation of economic competence of school students taking into account the developed criteria. The research is fulfilled on the basis of the formulated determination of economic competence and its structure (informative; motivational; activity). Each criterion corresponds with certain indicators reflecting degree of formation of separately taken component.
Planets in turbulent Disks

Planets form in protoplanetary accretion disks around young protostars. These disks are driven by internal turbulence and the gas flow is in general not laminar but has stochastic components. For weakly ionized disks the turbulence can be generated purely hydrodynamically through the vertical shear instability (VSI). Planets, that are forming in such turbulent disks, experience random components in the torques acting on them, that will modify their migration behaviour. In this contribution we present results of our study of the impact that a turbulent disk has on an embedded planet. For that purpose we performed three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a locally isothermal disk with embedded planets of various masses. For the lower mass planets (5 and 10 M⊕) we find that the inward migration rate can be faster than in the laminar case, while for the more massive planets (30 and 100 M⊕) the results agree well with the laminar results.
Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing for Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis.

BACKGROUND Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has the potential to identify a broad range of pathogens in a single test. METHODS In a 1-year, multicenter, prospective study, we investigated the usefulness of metagenomic NGS of CSF for the diagnosis of infectious meningitis and encephalitis in hospitalized patients. All positive tests for pathogens on metagenomic NGS were confirmed by orthogonal laboratory testing. Physician feedback was elicited by teleconferences with a clinical microbial sequencing board and by surveys. Clinical effect was evaluated by retrospective chart review. RESULTS We enrolled 204 pediatric and adult patients at eight hospitals. Patients were severely ill: 48.5% had been admitted to the intensive care unit, and the 30-day mortality among all study patients was 11.3%. A total of 58 infections of the nervous system were diagnosed in 57 patients (27.9%). Among these 58 infections, metagenomic NGS identified 13 (22%) that were not identified by clinical testing at the source hospital. Among the remaining 45 infections (78%), metagenomic NGS made concurrent diagnoses in 19. Of the 26 infections not identified by metagenomic NGS, 11 were diagnosed by serologic testing only, 7 were diagnosed from tissue samples other than CSF, and 8 were negative on metagenomic NGS owing to low titers of pathogens in CSF. A total of 8 of 13 diagnoses made solely by metagenomic NGS had a likely clinical effect, with 7 of 13 guiding treatment. CONCLUSIONS Routine microbiologic testing is often insufficient to detect all neuroinvasive pathogens. In this study, metagenomic NGS of CSF obtained from patients with meningitis or encephalitis improved diagnosis of neurologic infections and provided actionable information in some cases. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; PDAID ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02910037.).
The exocyst controls lysosome secretion and antigen extraction at the immune synapse of B cells

BCR engagement enhances microtubule stability, which triggers the mobilization of Exo70 from the centrosome to the immune synapse. BCR engagement activates GEF-H1, which promotes exocyst assembly required for the docking and secretion of lysosomes, facilitating the extraction of surface-tethered antigens.
Developmental Differences in Children’s Learning and Use of Forensic Ground Rules During an Interview About an Experienced Event

Children often answer questions when they do not have the requisite knowledge or when they do not understand them. We examined whether ground rules instruction—to say “I don’t know,” to tell the truth, and to correct the interviewer when necessary—assisted children in applying those rules during an interview about a past event and whether doing so was associated with more accurate accounts. We compared children with intellectual disabilities (mild or moderate severity, n = 44, 7–12 years) with 3 groups of typically developing children (2 matched for mental age, and 1 for chronological age, n = 55, 4–12 years) on their understanding of 3 ground rules, their use of these rules in an interview, and their accuracy in recalling a personally experienced event. Many children were able to demonstrate proficiency with the rules following simple instruction but others required additional teaching. Children applied the rules sparingly in the interview. Their scores on the practice trials of each rule were unrelated to each other, and to the use of the rules in context. Their developmental level was significantly related to both of these skills. Regression models showed that developmental level was the best predictor of children’s accuracy when they recounted their experience during the interview but that use of responses consistent with the rules, in conjunction with developmental level, predicted accurate resistance to suggestive questions. Future research should identify how best to prepare children of different ages and cognitive abilities to answer adults’ questions appropriately.
User preferences for a simple energy design tool: Capturing information through focus groups with architects

In view of the stricter energy regulations, there is a growing need for early design support for lowenergy dwellings. Currently, many tools exist to evaluate the energy performance of buildings. However, the uptake of these tools by architects is limited, largely due to the fact that they are too complex and not adapted to their working method. To maximize the usability of energy tools for architects in early design, information is needed about the designers’ preferences and the way designers incorporate tools into their design process. The current paper reports on the results of three focus groups with architects and students in architecture addressing issues of data-input, output and the integration of energy tools in the architectural design process. The results provide information for researchers and tool developers to develop energy design support tools accordingly.
Exploring various polygenic risk scores for skin cancer in the phenomes of the Michigan genomics initiative and the UK Biobank with a visual catalog: PRSWeb

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are designed to serve as a single summary measure, condensing information from a large number of genetic variants associated with a disease. They have been used for stratification and prediction of disease risk. The construction of a PRS often depends on the purpose of the study, the available data/summary estimates, and the underlying genetic architecture of a disease. In this paper, we consider several choices for constructing a PRS using summary data obtained from various publicly-available sources including the UK Biobank and evaluate their abilities to predict outcomes derived from electronic health records (EHR). Weexamine the three most common skin cancer subtypes in the USA: basal cellcarcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. The genetic risk profiles of subtypes may consist of both shared and unique elements and we construct PRS to understand the common versus distinct etiology. This study is conducted using data from 30,702 unrelated, genotyped patients of recent European descent from the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI), a longitudinal biorepository effort within Michigan Medicine. Using these PRS for various skin cancer subtypes, we conduct a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) within the MGI data to evaluate their association with secondary traits. PheWAS results are then replicated using population-based UK Biobank data. We develop an accompanying visual catalog called PRSweb that provides detailed PheWAS results and allows users to directly compare different PRS construction methods. The results of this study can provide guidance regarding PRS construction in future PRS-PheWAS studies using EHR data involving disease subtypes. Author summary In the study of genetically complex diseases, polygenic risk scores synthesize information from multiple genetic risk factors to provide insight into a patient’s risk of developing a disease based on his/her genetic profile. These risk scores can be explored in conjunction with health and disease information available in the electronic medical records. They may be associated with diseases that may be related to or precursors of the underlying disease of interest. Limited work is available guiding risk score construction when the goal is to identify associations across the medical phenome. In this paper, we compare different polygenic risk score construction methods in terms of their relationships with the medical phenome. We further propose methods for using these risk scores to decouple the shared and unique genetic profiles of related diseases and to explore related diseases’ shared and unique secondary associations. Leveraging and harnessing the rich data resources of the Michigan Genomics Initiative, a biorepository effort at Michigan Medicine, and the larger population-based UK Biobank study, we investigated the performance of genetic risk profiling methods for the three most common types of skin cancer: melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.