Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the level of reducing nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate on herbage intake and N balance of dairy cows grazing a pure perennial ryegrass pas- ture. The addition of a protein supplement to cows grazing the low N fertilised sward was also evalu- ated. Three treatments were compared over three periods of 2 weeks using 9 fistulated cows in a 3 × 3 Latin square design: HN (80 kg N·ha -1 ·regrowth -1 ), LN (0-20 kg N·ha -1 ·regrowth -1 ), LN+S (LN + 2 kg of soybean meal (SBM)). Daily herbage organic matter (OM) intake was estimated by chromic oxide dilution in the faeces. Nitrogen and ADF contents in faecal OM were used to estimate the herb- age digestibility. Herbage mass, grazing behaviour and rumen fermentation pattern were measured. Nitrogen intake was estimated by the chemical composition of the defoliated herbage and urinary N was calculated by subtracting milk N and faecal N output from N intake. Digestibility (0.79), daily in- take (16.4 kg OM), grazing time (512 min) and the proportion of volatile fatty acid were not affected by reducing the N fertiliser rate. These results may be explained by the moderate effect of N fertilisa- tion on herbage mass which remained high in the LN swards (3.9 vs. 4.7 t OM·ha -1 for HN) and the rather large herbage allowance which allowed the cows to graze a herbage with a crude protein con- tent that still remained higher than 160 g·kg -1 DM. On the LN sward, N intake was significantly lower (- 80 g·d -1 )( P < 0.01), faecal N and milk N output remained unchanged, whereas urine N output de- creased (- 77 g·d -1 )( P < 0.01). Protein supplementation did not depress HOMI or grazing time, sup- plemented cows consumed 2.4 kg OM more (P < 0.01) and this increased milk yield by 1.3 kg·kg -1 SBM (P < 0.01). SBM supplementation largely increased N intake, and finally N excreted in the urine. It was concluded that N fertilisation, and N supplementation are efficient means to manipulate animal performances and N balance in grazing dairy cows.
Genetic Diversity of Elaeagnus Latifolia L . as Revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) Markers

Elaeagnus latifolia L. , an endemic fruit plant, is found in the upper north of Thailand. Sixty accessions were collected from seven locations: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Nan, Phayao and Mae Hong Son. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to identify genetic diversity of E. latifolia. Seven primers were screened from 50primers and provided a total of 178 DNA fragments of which 168 (94.38 %) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity matrix was calculated using the Jaccard similarity coefficient, and SAHN procedure was used for Dendrogram clustering. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient (GSj) ranged from 0.38-0.71 and the cophenetic correlation of the similarity matrix (r) was 0.73. Fifty eight out of 60 accessions could be distinguished where as only two accessions; N55 and N72 appeared to be close to each other, with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.71. The results indicated that the RAPD method is sufficiently informative and powerful to assess the genetic diversity in E. latifolia.
The impact of corporate social responsibility on business competitiveness

One of the most widespread debates is the issue whether it is advantageous for companies to pay attention to corporate social responsibility initiatives. The answer to the questions has apparently not been found yet. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the potential impacts of corporate social responsibility on business competitiveness on the basis of key research studies comparison.
DOMESTIC MATERIAL CONSUMPTION INDICATOR AND NATURAL RESOURCES: A EUROPEAN ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE

The study investigates the relation between per capita Domestic Material Consumption indicator (DMC) and per capita income. Economic literature focuses mainly on air, water and land pollution while we consider as environmental degradation the consumption on natural resources extracted from the environment. Using a cross- European panel of countries over the period 2000-2011, our results confirm the absence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) between per capita DMC and per capita GDP both for EU-27 vs. 30 European countries and for Western vs. Eastern European countries. The turning points are so high that it is present a monotonic increasing relation between DMC indicator and GDP.
Influence of dietary cation-anionic difference on hematobio chemical profile, mineral metabolism, post-partum reproductive and productive performance of Hariana cows

Eighteen multiparous periparturient Hariana cows (Bos indicus) (3-4 parity) in last month of their pregnancy were blocked into three groups (n=6) and fed for 30 days pre-partum to 30 days post-partum. The objective was to determine the effects of manipulating dietary cations and anions on hemato-biochemical profile, mineral metabolism and performance of cows. Nutrient requirements of cows were met by feeding concentrate and roughage. Varying levels of salt supplementation were used to formulate mineral mixture having DCAD of +11, +21 and +31 meq (Na+K - Cl+S) / 100 g of feed dry matter. Feeding DCAD of +11, +21 and +31 mEq/100 g of DM did not have any effect (P>0.05) on feed intake and body weight change during periparturient period. Blood calcium level was higher for the lowest DCAD (+11 meq/100 g of DM), suggesting that low DACD helps in mobilization of stored calcium in periparturient cows. pH of blood and urine increased curvilinearly with increasing DCAD and found maximum in +31 meq/100 g of DM DCAD fed group. Feeding of three different DCAD diets did not (P>0.05) have any effect on reproductive performance but milk yield was found significantly higher
Studies on the effect of packaging materials on shelf life of mango cv. Amrapali

An investigation was conducted to study the effect of different packaging materials to maintain shelf life of mango cv. Amrapali at ambient storage conditions. Fruits of mango were harvested at firm mature stage, packed in different packaging materials, viz. LDPE + 5% perforation, LDPE +Blotting paper, LDPE + Blotting paper + 5% perforation, Gunny bag, cotton cloth bag, plastic fertilizer bag, mesh bag, control (without packaging). The fruits packed in different packaging materials had lower physiological loss in weight (PLW), more firmness, slower ripening, negligible spoilage, better colour development, as compared to control fruits. After two weeks of storage, fruits packed in perforated LDPE maintained lower PLW, desirable firmness, minimum spoilage and better quality as compared to other treatments. The study revealed that mango fruits of Cv. Amrapali packed in 5% perforated LDPE polythene films can be stored for 16 days, as compared to unpacked control fruits which had storage life of 9 days.
The Expenditure Pattern of Microfinance Clients of Sinapi Aba Trust in Ghana

The much publicised success of some microfinance institutions and their swift expansion in recent years Suggest microfinance could be a potential policy tool in poverty alleviation. Available empirical evidence from existing research shows some positive impacts made in poverty alleviation from some microfinance programmes. This paper intends to add to the existing literature on the industry by evaluating the expenditure pattern of clients who have received loans from the Sinapi Aba Trust, a Ghanaian microfinance institution. We collected data on clients of the scheme. Our data show that expenditure pattern of old clients is greater than that of new clients, even though the latter on average receive larger volumes of credit. In this study, we construct expenditure indicators, finding that years of membership duration with the SAT lending scheme matters in clients’ expenditure. The results show that old clients are more likely to purchase assets and spend on food, expand their businesses, and spend larger amounts on their children’s education than new clients.
Detailed flow physics of the supersonic jet interaction flow field

The jet interaction flow field is the name given to the fluid dynamics phenomenon produced by a jet exhausting in a cross flow. This flow field can be found in several technological applications and, due to the presence of separated flows, vortical motions, turbulence, and, if the flow is supersonic shocks and expansion fans, is a formidable fluid dynamics problem. The AGARD conference proceedings 1 give an ample and detailed review of the range of possible applications. Examples range from the low-speed regimes of a chimney plume in a cross flow to the very high-speed regimes of scramjet combustion and missile control systems, from the low mass flow cases of boundary layer control systems and gas-turbine blade cooling to the high mass flow cases of a landing V/STOL vehicle. The basic problem of a fluid injected into a cross flow has several variables depending on its intended application: injector yaw and pitch angle, jet flow conditions subsonic, sonic, and supersonic, freestream conditions subsonic, supersonic, laminar, and turbulent, not to mention the phase and the chemical composition of the injectant single or multiphase, nonreacting or reacting mixture, etc.
DSMC Simulations Of Low‐Density Choked Flows In Parallel‐Plate Channels

Rarefied choked flows in parallel‐plate channels have been studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo technique. Calculations are performed for various transitional flows, and results are presented for the computed flowfield quantities, wall pressures and discharge coefficients. Comparisons are made with the available experimental data, and the physical and numerical factors which affect the solutions are discussed. Separate calculations are performed for the “nearly‐incompressible” rarefied channel flows in which density variations are small. The calculations of this study indicate that the DSMC simulations are well suited for determining transitional flows from free‐molecule limit to laminar flow regime, but become prohibitive for turbulent channel flow simulations with today’s computers.
Learning analytics and study behaviour: a pilot study

The analysis of student access to learning management systems and web-based lecture capture systems is a growing area of interest for teachers in higher education wishing to improve the student learning experience. The data trails left by students as they engage in these environments can be accessed and analysed for meaning. This paper describes a study conducted as part of a wider multi-university study into student study behaviour. It offers a detailed snapshot of four students whose access to Lectopia recordings were tracked and analysed, and who were subsequently interviewed to confirm or disconfirm assumptions made about their study methods from the analysis. The data revealed that a surface analysis using learning analytics was largely insufficient to determine student study characteristics, but qualitative data provided rich information to supplement the analysis. Suggestions are made for further research into how this emerging methodology can be further developed and strengthened.
ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

RF were found in group 1 than in groups 2, 3 for: age (P < 0.001), F (P < 0.001), L (P < 0.001), proteinuria (P < 0.01), smoking (P < 0.001), HT (P < 0.0001), SC (P < 0.001), C (P < 0.001), LDL-C (P < 0.0001), T (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.01). The stenosis index correlated strongly with the following RF: age, SBP, LDL-C, F, SC, proteinuria in groups 1; with SBP, LDL-C, age in group 2 and group 3, respectively. Of the p with CHD, 39.13% presented ACASs and of the p with PVD, 84.37% presented ACASs (group 1). The prevalence of ACASs is far more significant in p with CGN and is strongly related to cerebrovascular RF. Mild and moderate ACASs overcome severe ACASs and are highly significant in p with nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure. ACASs p associate frequently CHD and PVD. Extracranian ultrasound Doppler should be recommended as routine examination in p with CGN in order to reveal ACASs in early stages.
Theoretical Formulas of Semantic Measure: A Survey

In recent years, several semantic similarity and relatedness measures have been developed and applied in many domains including linguistics, biomedical informatics, GeoInformatics, and Semantic Web. This paper discusses different semantic measures which compute similarity and relatedness scores between concepts based on a knowledge representation model offered by ontologies and semantic networks. The benchmarks and approaches used for the evaluation of semantic similarity methods are also described. The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive view of these measures which helps researchers to choose the best semantic similarity or relatedness metric for their needs.
Disease Control Through Harvesting - Conclusion drawn from a m athematical study of a Predator-Prey model with disease in both the population

Disease control by managers is a crucial response to emerging epidemics and in the context of global change, emerging risks associated with parasites, invasive species and infectious diseases are an important issue especially for developing countries. Our objective is to provide a mathematical framework to study the response of a predator-prey model to a disease in both the populations and harvesting of each species. We have worked out the conditions for local stability of the equilibrium points as well as persistence of the system. We have derived the ecological and the disease basic reproduction numbers. These enable us to determine the community structure of the
A new Beneziphius beaked whale from the ocean floor off Galicia, Spain and biostratigraphic reassessment of the type species

Although the fossil record of beaked whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) is continuously improving, the geological age of new taxa is often poorly constrained. Based on a partial cranium from deep seafloor deposits off Galicia, Spain, we describe a new species of the stem beaked whale genus Beneziphius , B. cetariensis sp. nov. The latter differs from the type species B. brevirostris in the larger size, the rostrum being proportionally longer, the premaxillae being longer than the maxillae at the apex of the rostrum, the left premaxillary sac fossa being transversely concave, and the ascending process of the premaxilla reaching the vertical. Considering that the stratigraphic context of deep-sea deposits off the Iberian Peninsula is not precisely known, we provisionally propose an extended, middle Miocene to early Pliocene interval for the geological age of B. cetariensis . Nonetheless, the palynological analysis of sediment sampled from cavities in the cranium of the holotype of B. brevirostris , discovered during the second part of the nineteenth century in inland deposits of Antwerp (north of Belgium), yield an early to mid-Serravallian age (13.2–12.8 Ma, late middle Miocene). B. brevirostris is thus the oldest described species of the “ Messapicetus clade”, a large clade of stem ziphiids in which most species are dated from the late Miocene. The description of the Galician species B. cetariensis broadens the biogeographic distribution of Beneziphius and confirms the strong ziphiid faunal affinities between the eastern coast of the North Atlantic and the southern margin of the North Sea Basin.
Educational Implications of Early Bilingualism: A Review of Recent Results.

At the University of Miami, the Bilingual Study Group has been evaluating linguistic and academic performance of children from a broad spectrum of socioeconomic status who appear to be well-matched across bilingual and monolingual groups. Because the studies vary in the degree of exposure to English and Spanish among bilingual subjects who are compared with monolinguals, the outcomes are complex. On the whole, research results emphasize advantages of bilingualism because they show that in most cases of appropriate comparison, children learning two languages simultaneously acquire the ability to function effectively in two cultures. Competent function in two languages also commonly occurs with sequential learners, children who learn one language at home (L1) and begin to acquire a second language (L2) early in life. This research and research from other laboratories suggest that when poor linguistic or academic performance does occur in bilinguals, it may be associated with what has been subtractive sequential learning, a circumstance where L2 largely replaces Ll; knowledge of Ll is allowed to wane, and the learner may never acquire native competence in L2. A preferable approach is one in which competence in Ll is maintained while L2 is acquired. (Author/MSE) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************
Negotiated representational mediators: How young children decide what to include in their science representations

In this paper, we synthesize two bodies of work related to students' represen- tational activities: the notions of meta-representational competence and representation as a form of practice. We report on video analyses of kindergarten and first-grade students as they create representations of pollination in a science classroom, as well as summarize results from interviews regarding the design choices that they made. Analysis of the semistructured pre- and postinterviews reveals that students attend to the content domain, local activity, and their personal preferences when evaluating representations. Analysis of video case studies that followed the students as they created their representations further reveals several key me- diators of the students' representational activities, including other students, task constraints, the teacher, and local norms for what constituted a "good representation. " In addition, the data show that these norms shifted over time as new content was covered in the class, and were appropriated in interaction with other students. Finally, both sets of analyses reveal that students often face competing constraints when creating their representations, and resolve these constraints through a complex set of negotiations. C
Year 9 Student Voices Negotiating Digital Tools and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in a Bilingual Managed Learning Environment.

The increase in the use of educational technologies in Australian high schools has sparked this investigation into how Year 9 (13 to 14 years of age) students experience and negotiate a new technology enhanced learning environment in a bilingual classroom setting. The paper is about examining the students' language practices in German and English while using a Managed Learning Environment (MLE). The study aims to unearth how such translanguaging practices (using both German and English to communicate in bilingual education settings) contribute to and shape self-regulated learning in a scientific open inquiry process. This is corroborated by insights into student reflections on using the MLE in two languages, with data gained from a student survey. The study further analyses the relationship between bilingual language practices and adaptive tool use. The effectiveness of online learning environments depends on the students' adaptive tool-use (Barzilai & Zohar, 2006; Lust, Vandewaetere, Elen, & Clarebout, 2014) and the ability to engage in self-regulatory learning practices (Zimmerman, Bembenutty, & Schunk, 2013). Data were collected via voice recordings, a student-designed questionnaire and focus group interviews with 22 Year 9 students covering 18 Biology lessons during 6 weeks, over two consecutive years. The study revealed that students' self-regulatory practices during open inquiry processes developed in specific ways through the exposure to a bilingual classroom setting, e.g. by being exposed to unknown terms in German which led them to search for translations and then on to further self-initiated and self-regulated research to find explanations online However, when biology content knowledge was pre-prepared (in the second language of German) by the teacher in guided customized simulations on a computer software tool, students seem to favor such guided practices over self-initiated and self-regulated research as shown during the open inquiry task. However, independent of the specifics of bilingual language use in open or guided inquiry, the tool-use also appeared to be reliant on students' prior disposition. Consequently, results of this study might have interesting implications for the future customization of online learning spaces for high school students and educators in bilingual settings as well as other fields.
Genetic variation in three species of Epipactis (Orchidaceae) : geographic scale and evolutionary inferences

The breeding system is expected to strongly influence the genetic structure of plant populations. In the present study, isozyme variation is documented in Danish populations of three species of Epipactis, varying in breeding system from allogamy to obligate autogamy. The allogamous and widespread E. helkborine subsp. helkborine shows high levels of polymorphism. Most of the genetic variation is found within local populations. A hierarchical analysis indicates significant among-population differentiation, but no regional differentiation in E. helkborine is apparent. This may be due to higher levels of gene flow in the past, before forest was fragmented. The ecotype from coastal dunes, E. helleborine subsp. neerlandka, does not differ from E. helkborine subsp. helkborine in any of the examined loci, but it has a significant population inbreeding coefficient that can probably be explained by higher levels of geitonogamy and the possibility of spontaneous autogamy. The entomophilous E. purpurata and the obligately autogamous E. phylhmthes are monomorphic at all loci examined. Several factors, including a founder effect at the time of colonization, high levels of geitonogamy, as well as habitat specialization combined with erratic flowering may have contributed to the lack of variation in E. purpurata. The lack of variation in the autogamous E. phyllanthes is probably due to inbreeding. It is proposed diat autogamy in Epipactis may in some cases have evolved through paedomorphosis of allogamous flowers and that the occurrence of local breeding groups may have facilitated the speciation process.
An evaluation of electron-photon cascades developing in matter, photon and magnetic fields

Electromagnetic cascades in matter, photon fields, and magnetic fields are solved by a standard numerical method, integrating the diffusion equations of respective cas- cade processes numerically. Our results and those of Aharo- nian and Plyasheshnikov agree very well for cascades in mat- ter and magnetic fields, though they show some slight dis- crepancies for cascades in photon fields of high incident ener- gies. Transport properties of electron and photon spectra are also investigated by solving differential-difference equations for cascades with simplified cross-sections, and the spec- tra under the electron cooldown process are well explained quantitatively. Rossi and Greisen, when cross-sections are inhomogeneous with primary and secondary energies. So we apply standard numerical methods to integrate the above cascade equations. Our results for transition curves of shower electrons devel- oping in matter, photon fields, and magnetic fields are com- pared with those derived by Aharonian and Plyasheshnikov and by Nishimura (1967). We also indicate changes in the energy spectra of cascade electrons and photons penetrating photon fields, and attempt to explain the transport property of the energy spectra quantitatively by solving differential- difference equations with simplified cross-sections.