Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of microseparation on contact mechanics in ceramic-on-ceramic hip joint replacements

Abstract The contact mechanics in ceramic-on-ceramic hip implants are investigated in this study under the microseparation condition where the edge contact occurs between the superolateral rim of the acetabular cup and the femoral head. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to examine the effect of the microseparation distance between the femoral head and the acetabular cup on the contact area and contact stresses between the bearing surfaces. It is shown that microseparation leads to edge contact and elevated contact stresses, and these are mainly dependent on the magnitude of separation, the radial clearance between the femoral head and the acetabular cup, and the cup inclination angle. For a small microseparation distance (less than the diametrical clearance), the contact occurs within the acetabular cup, and consequently an excellent agreement of the predicted contact pressure distribution is obtained between the present three-dimensional anatomical model and a simple two-dimensional axisymmetric model adopted in a previous study [5]. However, as microsegregation is increased further, edge contact between the superolateral rim and the femoral head occurs. Consequently, the predicted contact pressure is significantly increased. The corresponding contact area resembles closely the stripe wear pattern observed on both clinically retrieved and simulator-tested ceramic femoral heads [8, 9, 11]. Furthermore, introducing a fillet radius of 2.5 mm at the mouth of the acetabular cup is shown to reduce the contact stress due to edge contact, but only under relatively large microseparation distances.
Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in attentional modulation of nociceptive behaviour in rats

Distraction is used clinically to relieve and manage pain. It is hypothesized that pain demands attention and that exposure to another attention‐demanding stimulus causes withdrawal of attention away from painful stimuli, thereby reducing perceived pain. We have recently developed a rat model that provides an opportunity to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms mediating distraction‐induced analgesia, as these mechanisms are, at present, poorly understood. Given the well‐described role of the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid; EC) system in the modulation of pain and attentional processing, the present study investigated its role in distraction‐induced antinociception in rats.
Commentary: the economic business cycle and mortality.

1 of 2 Correspondence: Eric Neumayer, Department of Geography and Environment. London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. E-mail: e.neumayer@lse.ac. uk liked to see in Tapia Granados a more detailed discussion of issues such as the way in which the percentage deviation from trend was computed, the potential use of different and more advanced time-series estimation techniques or of the problem of autocorrelation. Concerning the latter, the result from regression theory that in the presence of autocorrelation the estimated coefficients remain unbiased, invoked by the author, is only true as long as the variables are strictly exogenous. However, the assumption of strict exogeneity is problematic in the face of mounting evidence on the effect that health has on economic outcomes.9 In terms of future research, we need more efforts in two directions. First, we need more evidence from individual rather than aggregate data. Second, we need more research on the channels through which economic expansions negatively affect health. On both accounts, Ruhm10,11 provides seminal contributions, but much more is needed despite the fact that such efforts are data-intensive and work-intensive. We need to understand better why recessions lower overall mortality rates to an extent that the well-documented negative health effects of recessions for certain sub-groups of the population, particularly the unemployed, are more than compensated. This relates to the proper policy conclusions drawn from Tapia Granados’ and similar findings. Surely, just because mortality is lower in economic recessions does not mean that recessions are desirable from a health perspective. Instead, we need to focus on how the negative effect of economic upturns on mortality rates can be mitigated, if not avoided. Much attention has been paid to the negative health effects of recessions for the unemployed and other sub-groups of the population and to the mitigation of these effects. Rightly so. But maybe it is time to focus much more on how to mitigate the negative health effects of economic upturns.
Seroepidemiology of group B streptococcus type III colonization at delivery.

Immunity to group B streptococcal (GBS) disease is thought to be conferred by the presence of antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides, and protection of the fetus and newborn probably depends on antibodies of the IgG class, which are readily transferred across the placenta before birth. It has been clearly established that the risk for infection is correlated with the degree of exposure to GBS during the perinatal period [1]. Although it has been suggested that a deficiency of antibody is also a major risk factor in the development of GBS type III disease [2], the prevalence of antibodies to this type has not been studied in a large normal population in which the colonization status of mothers and infants was defined by culture at the time of delivery. We measured IgG antibody to both the complete (sialylated) and incomplete (nonsialylated) capsular antigens of GBS type III in 401 pairs of maternal and cord sera, from healthy patients of defined colonization status. From this we estimated the prevalence of antibody ^ pg/mL for all 8,928 deliveries that occurred during the 4-y study period. The low overall antibody prevalence suggests that antibody deficiency was widespread, even among type III carriers. As we have recently observed in seroepidemiologic studies of GBS type II in the same population [3], the presence or absence of type-specific antibody may not by itself be a useful determinant of risk for GBS disease.
Protoporphyrin IX Interacts with Wild-type p53 Protein in Vitro and Induces Cell Death of Human Colon Cancer Cells in a p53-dependent and -independent Manner*

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is an alternative treatment for tumors resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. It induces cancer cell death mainly through generation of reactive oxygen species by a laser light-activated photosensitizer. It has been suggested that the p53 tumor suppressor protein sensitizes some human cancer cells to PDT. However, there is still no direct evidence for this. We have demonstrated here for the first time that the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) binds to p53 and disrupts the interaction between p53 tumor suppressor protein and its negative regulator HDM2 in vitro and in cells. Moreover, HCT116 colon cancer cells exhibited a p53-dependent sensitivity to PpIX in a dose-dependent manner, as was demonstrated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of cell cycle profiles. We have also observed induction of p53 target pro-apoptotic genes, e.g. puma (p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis), and bak in PpIX-treated cells. In addition, p53-independent growth suppression by PpIX was detected in p53-negative cells. PDT treatment (2 J/cm2) of HCT116 cells induced p53-dependent activation of pro-apoptotic gene expression followed by growth suppression and induction of apoptosis.
Some quantitative aspects of protein and carbohydrate absorption in the pig

A great number of studies have been made the last few years in the fields of gastrointestinal physiology, biochemistry and pathology in the pig. Scientists consider the pig as a valuable animal not only in terms of production, but also as a model resembling the human species more than the rodent does, its feeding behaviour being quite similar (mainly diurnal feeding pattern: Auffray et al. 1974) as well as the anatomy of its gastrointestinal system. Owing to several methods developed in the last zo years, large samplings can be made in vivo in the pig from the whole intestine or segments of the latter allowing a quantification of a certain number of measures. It is thus possible to examine the variation in the digestive contents according to time and space, to distinguish between digesta of exogenous or endogenous origin, to measure their disappearance in the various segments of the digestive tract and their appearance in the body fluids. Several recent reviews dealing with the pig concern either the digestion in general (Kidder & Manners, 1978), or specific problems such as in vivo methodology (Laplace, 1972; Low, 1977, 1980; Rerat et al. 1980) or in vitro methodology (Smith, 1980), proteins (Rerat, 1972; Rerat et al. 1976; Zebrowska, 1980), carbohydrates and lipids (Sambrook, 1980), minerals (Partridge, 1980), secretions (Corring, 1979, 1980), motncity and transit (Laplace, 1979, 1980). The present paper presents some new results on the appearance of protein and carbohydrate nutrients in the body fluids. First, however, a description will be made of the technology used for measuring those nutrients.
Gender and Attitudes Towards People With Schizophrenia. Results of a Representative Survey in the Federal Republic of Germany

Based on the observation that the course of schizophrenia appears to be more unfavourable in men than in women, we examined whether male sufferers are exposed to more negative and less positive emotional reactions and are met with a greater amount of rejection by their environment than their female counterparts. Data from a representative survey conducted in the 'old' Federal Republic of Germany during 1990 did not yield the expected gender difference with regard to emotional reactions. There were, however, some gender differences on the side of the respondents: Women expressed more feelings of anxiety and tended to show more prosocial reactions. Social distance tended to be slightly more pronounced towards men than towards women. This applied to both schizophrenia and alcoholism. The gender of the respondents, on the other hand, was of no importance for social distance.
Cloning and characterization of rad21 an essential gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe involved in DNA double-strand-break repair.

Analysis of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes by pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed that the fission yeast has a very efficient DNA double-strand-break (dsb) repair system, which properly restores the three chromosomes after they are degraded by gamma-irradiation. The radiation-sensitive mutant rad21-45 is deficient in this repair pathway but is capable of cell-cycle arrest in G2 following DNA damage. We cloned the rad21 gene by complementing the radiation sensitivity of the rad21-45 mutant. The plasmid-borne gene completely reestablished the DNA dsb repair pathway. The rad21 gene was localized to chromosome III by hybridization. The transcript is 2.5 kb long and expressed at a moderate level. The 1884-bp open reading frame encodes a 628 amino acid, very acidic peptide with a calculated molecular mass of 67,854 D. The rad21 gene shows no significant homology to other known nucleotide or peptide sequences. The inability of the mutant to perform efficient DNA repair is caused by a single base substitution, which changes wild-type isoleucine67 into threonine in the mutant. Deletion of the genomic rad21 gene showed that it is essential for mitotic growth of S.pombe.
Thresholds Effect of Money Growth on Inflation in Iran

This paper surveys the effects of money growth and economic growth on inflation in Iran. We use Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM) for two sets of bivariate series inflationmoney growth and inflation-economic growth separately and estimate the parameters of TVECMs by quantitative econometric software R 3.1. 0. The estimation results based on the sample of data 1990:Q1 to 2013:Q4 show the long-run equation with threshold value 0.028 for bivariate series inflation-money growth. In the short-run, money growth has no effect on the inflation rate if economy switches to the low-inflation regime (the quarterly inflation rate being less than 2.8 percent) but it has significant positive impact on inflation at high-inflation regime Estimated threshold value for bivariate series inflationeconomic growth is 0.073 and the high inflation rate above this threshold value, in contrast to low inflation rate, has positive effects on economic growth in the short-run. The obtained results support the view that inflation rate dynamics may be different when economy switch to the different inflation regime.
A Structural Approach to Renal Bone Disease

WHILE NO ONE WOULD DENY that there has been great progress made in our understanding of metabolic bone disease and our ability to evaluate these disorders in affected subjects, the accompanying editorial by Dr. Michael Parfitt provides undeniable evidence that we must recognize that progress has mixed benefits. Indeed, he points out what we have lost by reducing the use of bone biopsy and standard radiographies while relying on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the central skeleton. His insights are extraordinarily relevant to the clinical decision making in patients with the bone abnormalities typically encountered in chronic renal failure. Clearly this article is essential reading for nephrologists, endocrinologists, rheumatologists, orthopedists, and bone basic scientists. Moreover, insights provided are a tribute to the gifted perspective that Dr. Parfitt brings to the bone and mineral community.
Infection at titanium implants with or without a clinical diagnosis of inflammation.

OBJECTIVES To assess the microbiota at implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis, implant mucositis, or being clinically healthy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical and microbiological data were collected from 213 subjects (mean age: 65.7+/-14) with 976 implants in function (mean: 10.8 years, SD+/-1.5). Forty species were identified by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. RESULTS Implant mean % plaque score was 41.8+/-32.4%. Periodontitis defined by bone loss was found in 44.9% of subjects. Implant mucositis was diagnosed in 59% and peri-implantitis in 14.9% of all cases. Neisseria mucosa, Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum, F. nucleatum sp. polymorphum, and Capnocytophaga sputigena dominated the implant sub-mucosal microbiota and the sub-gingival microbiota at tooth sites. Implant probing pocket depth at the implant site with the deepest probing depth was correlated with levels of Eikenella corrodens (r=0.16, P<0.05), the levels of F. nucleatum sp. vincentii (r=0.15, P<0.05), Porphyromonas gingivalis (r=0.14, P<0.05), and Micromonas micros (r=0.17, P=0.01). E. corrodens was found in higher levels at implants with mucositis compared with implant health (P<0.05). Subjects who lost teeth due to periodontitis had higher yields of F. nucleatum sp. vincentii (P<0.02) and N. mucosa (P<0.05). Independent of implant status subjects with teeth had higher levels of P. gingivalis (P<0.05), and Leptotrichia buccalis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS At implant sites studied, few bacteria differed by whether subjects were dentate or not or by implant status.
Cytomorphological Patterns and Histopathological Correlation of Breast Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre- A Two Year Retrospective Study

Background: Breast lesions including breast cancer represent a major public health issue worldwide. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is established as most sensitive, specific, accurate, safe and cost effective for diagnosing lesions of breast preoperatively and avoiding unnecessary surgical interventions like diagnostic excision or incisional biopsy. The aim of this study is to determine the most common breast lesions diagnosed by FNAC and its histopathological correlation over a two year period. Material and Methods: A total of 1084 cases with palpable breast lesions were subjected to FNAC over a period of two year. A provisional clinical diagnosis was made in each case at the outset. Routine investigations like DLC, TLC, ESR and special investigations like Mammography were done. Air dried and wet fixed (95% alcohol) smears were prepared for Leishman and Papanicolaou or Hematoxylin and Eosin stain respectively. Special stains were used like Ziehl- Neelsen stain and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain wherever necessary. Diagnosis was made on the basis of cytomorphological features of the lesion. Out of 1084 patients, only 100 patients who were diagnosed with malignancy on FNAC were reviewed with biopsies or postoperatively in our department and were confirmed histopathologically. Results: The study shows that out of 1084 cases, total number of benign lesions were 73.8%, malignant lesions were 22.1%, equivocal cases were 7.5%, cases for suspicious of malignancy were 2.9% and 1.75% cases were inadequate. Maximum number of cases reported as breast carcinoma were seen in age group of 41-50 years (31.3%) and second highest number were seen in 51-60 years (26.3%) with male (88 cases) to female (977 cases) ratio of 0.09:1. Among 800 benign lesions, fibroadenoma was the most significant lesion observed constituting 44.9%, second most common lesion encountered was benign mammary lesion constituting 18.9% followed by inflamed/ acute cystic lesion, (47.5%). Gynaecomastia constituting (35.4%),
Adolescents" Intuitive Appraisal, Attributions and Emotions for their Relationships with their Parents

This study study aimed to examine (a) adolescents’ attributions and emotions for their subjectively perceived good and bad relationships with their parents, (b) the association of the intuitive and attributional appraisals of the adolescent-parent relationship with the subsequent emotions, and (c) the role of the perceived importance of the good adolescent-parent relationship in the generation of attributions and emotions, and in the impact of attributions on emotions. The sample comprised 670 adolescents, both genders, aged 14-17 years old, representing various parental socioeconomic levels. The results showed that: (a) It was extremely important for the adolescents to have good relationships with their parents, (b) the perceived good adolescent-parent relationships were attributed to internal, stable and personal controllable factors, along with parent- and self-parent interactive- related factors, while the estimated as bad relationships were attributed to external, stable, personal uncontrollable and external controllable factors (parents’ negative properties), (c) the adolescents experienced intense positive and negative emotions (mainly, general / outcome- dependent) for the perceived good and bad relationships with their parents, respectively, (d) both intuitive and attributional appraisals of the relationship were associated with the emotions, particularly in the perceived bad adolescent-parent relationship, and (e) the relative strength of the association of the attributional dimensions with the emotions varied between the perceived good and bad adolescent-parent relationship and across the various emotions. Keywords: Adolescent-Parent Relationship, Attributions, Emotions, Intuitive Appraisal.
Optical plasma emission spectroscopy of etching plasmas used in Si-based semiconductor processing

Previously published applications of optical emission spectroscopy as a quantitative plasma diagnostic technique are reviewed. By adding traces of rare gases to the plasma, electron temperatures (Te) and relative electron and ion densities can be determined from electron impact-induced optical emission. Excitation from both the ground state and metastable states of the rare gases must be considered. At higher rare gas partial pressures, UV radiation trapping and optical cascading must also be taken into account. Absolute species concentrations (e.g. Cl2, Cl, O, and F) can be derived from their optical emissions, combined with Te measurements determined from rare gas optical emission. Examples are given of neutral and ion species density measurements in chlorine, oxygen, and fluorocarbon-containing low-pressure, high charge-density plasmas. Typical results of Te measurements are also presented and compared with Langmuir probe
A Physiological Model for Autonomic Heart Rate Regulation in Human Endotoxemia

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome often accompanies critical illnesses and can be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Marked abnormalities in cardiovascular function accompany acute illnesses manifested as sustained tachyarrhythmias, which are but one component of systemic dysregulation. The realization that cardiac pacemaker activity is under control of the autonomic nervous system has promoted the analysis of heart rate (HR) variation for assessing autonomic activities. In acute illnesses, autonomic imbalance manifesting in part as parasympathetic attenuation is associated with increased morbidity in patients who manifest systemic inflammatory response syndrome phenotype. Driven by the premise that biological phenotypes emerge as the outcome of the coordinated action of network elements across the host, a multiscale model of human endotoxemia, as a prototype model of systemic inflammation in humans, is developed that quantifies critical aspects of the complex relationship between inflammation and autonomic HR regulation. In the present study, changes in HR response to acute injury, phenotypically expressed as tachycardia, are simulated as a result of autonomic imbalance that reflects sympathetic activity excess and parasympathetic attenuation. The proposed model assesses both the anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects of antecedent stresses upon the systemic inflammatory manifestations of human endotoxemia as well as a series of nonlinear inflammatory relevant scenarios. Such a modeling approach provides a comprehensive conceptual framework linking inflammation and physiological complexity via a multiscale model that may advance the translational potential of systems modeling in clinical research.ABBREVIATIONS-LPS-lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin; R-endotoxin signaling receptor (TLR4); LPSR-endotoxin-TLR4 complex; mRNA,R-gene transcript of endotoxin receptor (TLR4); IKK-kinase activity; NF&kgr;Bn-nuclear concentration of NF-&kgr;B; mRNAI&kgr;Ba-gene transcript of NF-&kgr;B inhibitor (I&kgr;Ba); I&kgr;Ba-protein inhibitor I&kgr;Ba; P-transcriptional proinflammatory response; A-transcriptional anti-inflammatory response; E-transcriptional energetic response; F-cortisol; Rm-gene transcript of glucocorticoid receptor; RF-free cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor; FR -cytosolic steroid-receptor complex; FR(N)-nuclear steroid-receptor complex; EPI-epinephrine; REPI-&bgr;-adrenergic receptor; EPIR-epinephrine-adrenergic receptor complex; fP-efferent (cardiac) nerve activity; Sf-cardiac active signal; HRV-heart rate variability; A1-catecholamines at the SNS nerve ending; A2-catecholamines at the sinus node (SA); B-chemical substance at the SA of the heart; Tsym-efferent sympathetic activity; Tpar-efferent parasympathetic activity; HR-heart rate