Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Preparation and Properties of Novel Conducting Polymers Derived from 5-Amino-2naphtalensulfonic Acid, Luminol and from Mixtures of Them

Polyanilines contain anioniogenic functional groups are denominated self-doped polyanilines. These polymers possess properties different from those of polyaniline (PANI) as suppressed or no need on anion doping during oxidation or reduction processes, solubility in aqueous base, extended redox activity for neutral and basic solution, making them promising applications such as biosensors as a result of physiological pH values, and rechargeable batteries due to the fact that self doping polyanilines are capable of storing more specific energy than PANI as a function of self-doping (Malinauskas, 2004). Therefore it is important the development of these types of polymers, the electrochemical oxidation of 5-amino-2-naphtalensulfonic (ANS) and the luminol can be done a self-doped homopolymer, however the electropolymerizaton of these compounds has not been studied. The chemical structures of these monomers are similar in three aspects (Figure 1): (a) both ANS and luminol contain into their chemical structure the aniline; (b) It is difficult obtain a film of homopolymers to these monomers, because the electroxidation in milium acid of luminol produce a dimmer (De Robertis et al., 2008; Ferreira et al., 2008) in fact the solubility of luminol is bass in this milieu, in these conditions is favored the formation of dimmers; on the other hand no deposition of a polymer onto the electrode has been observed when others amino naphtalensulfonic acid has been electrochemically oxidate, probably for the reason that oligomers are very soluble (Mažeikienė & Malinauskas, 2004). (c) A self-doped polymer can be obtained by copolymerization with aniline and whoever of these monomers (De Robertis et al., 2008; Ferreira et al., 2008, Mažeikienė & Malinauskas, 2004). So large of our knowledge there are no reports of the homopolymerization of ANS and luminol, the importance of the synthesis of each films consist in the case of ANS in obtain information of the effect of the separation of group sulfonic to aniline in the ion exchange of film, because the charge compensation has been evaluated principally for ring substituted
Development of a system for statistical quality control of the production process

By coupling computer with measurement devices, information measurement systems are being made, whose basic tasks are automation measuring and quality control of manufacturing processes, mathematical processing of measured results in real time, storing of measured results, documenting of measured results, process management, etc. Statistical methods for quality evaluation provide analyses of production processes which can serve as the basis for undertaking adequate preventive and correction measures in order to increase the total production quality. In this paper importance is emphasized for applying statistical quality control methods to evaluation of process stability and capability. There is a preview of structure and functioning of the developed applicative software for statistical process control. At the end, corresponding conclusions are given.
Taxon Sample Size in Hominin Baraminology : A Response to O ’ Micks

In a recent paper, O’Micks analyzed the cranial and postcranial characters for six hominin taxa and concluded that the recently discovered Homo naledi was “probably not part of the human holobaramin. ” Consideration of postcranial characters is desirable in baraminology; however, previous studies of hominins have shown that reducing the taxon sample size can result in spurious baraminic distance correlations not seen in larger taxon samples. Re-analysis of O’Micks’ character sets show that the lack of baraminic distance correlations is likely the result of a small taxon sample. Therefore, excluding Homo naledi from the human holobaramin is an unwarranted conclusion from O’Micks’ results.
SPARC: MASS MODELS FOR 175 DISK GALAXIES WITH SPITZER PHOTOMETRY AND ACCURATE ROTATION CURVES

We introduce SPARC (Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves): a sample of 175 nearby galaxies with new surface photometry at 3.6 μm and high-quality rotation curves from previous H i/Hα studies. SPARC spans a broad range of morphologies (S0 to Irr), luminosities (∼5 dex), and surface brightnesses (∼4 dex). We derive [3.6] surface photometry and study structural relations of stellar and gas disks. We find that both the stellar mass–H i mass relation and the stellar radius–H i radius relation have significant intrinsic scatter, while the H i mass–radius relation is extremely tight. We build detailed mass models and quantify the ratio of baryonic to observed velocity (Vbar/Vobs) for different characteristic radii and values of the stellar mass-to-light ratio (ϒ⋆) at [3.6]. Assuming ϒ⋆ ≃ 0.5 M⊙/L⊙ (as suggested by stellar population models), we find that (i) the gas fraction linearly correlates with total luminosity; (ii) the transition from star-dominated to gas-dominated galaxies roughly corresponds to the transition from spiral galaxies to dwarf irregulars, in line with density wave theory; and (iii) Vbar/Vobs varies with luminosity and surface brightness: high-mass, high-surface-brightness galaxies are nearly maximal, while low-mass, low-surface-brightness galaxies are submaximal. These basic properties are lost for low values of ϒ⋆ ≃ 0.2 M⊙/L⊙ as suggested by the DiskMass survey. The mean maximum-disk limit in bright galaxies is ϒ⋆ ≃ 0.7 M⊙/L⊙ at [3.6]. The SPARC data are publicly available and represent an ideal test bed for models of galaxy formation.
Back to nature: Changing 'worlds of production' in the food sector

Analysis of the contemporary food system has shown a progressive displacement of ‘natural’ processes in favour of those characterized as ‘industrial. ’ Thus, an instrumentalized form of nature has come to prevail within the food sector. And yet, the contemporary literature on the processes of globalization and standardization in the food system has underestimated the reassertion of more ‘natural’ products in alternative food circuits. In this paper we seek to combine understandings of the conventional food sector with analysis of alternative circuits so that we can show how different ‘worlds of production’ come together in the sphere of food production. Utilizing two case studies from Italy, we indicate that the main trajectory of development in the food sector is not towards globalized and standardized production but is towards a fragmentation of production processes in which different trends can be seen to co-exist. The status of ‘nature’ differs according to the particular productive world that dominates. However, we indicate that a growing concern for the natural component of food is driving some of the most significant changes currently running through the food sector.
NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION AND SETTLEMENT OF PILES

A relative movement between a pile and a soil produces shear stress along the interface of the pile and the soil. Such movement can be induced by a push-load on the pile pressing it down into the soil, or by a pull-load moving it upward. ` A relative movement can also be induced when the soil settles in relation to the pile, or, in swelling soils, when the soil moves upward in relation to the pile. By definition, if the movement of the pile is downward, i.e., the shear stress induced in the pile is upward, the direction of the shear is positive. If the movement of the pile is upward, the shear stress direction is negative; accordingly, the induced shear stress is called positive or negative.
Extracorporeal Shock Waves (ESW) enhance the osteogenic medium-induced differentiation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells into osteoblast-like cells Short title: Osteogenic differentiation of stem cells by ESW

Extracorporeal shockwaves (ESWs) enhance the osteogenic medium-induced differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblast-like cells / MG. Catalano; F. Marano; L. Rinella; L. de Girolamo; O. Bosco; N. Fortunati; L. Berta; R. Frairia. In: JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE. ISSN 1932-6254. STAMPA. (2014), pp. 1-10. Original Citation: Extracorporeal shockwaves (ESWs) enhance the osteogenic medium-induced differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblast-like cells
Relating Dental Caries Experience with Body Mass Index among Primary School Children from Ohrid City - A Pilot Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and mean DMFT score of 12 year old school children in Ohrid city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed school children aged 12 years with measurement of the DMFT (Decayed, Missed, and Filled Teeth) dental indexes and BMI (Body-Mass Indexes) analyzed during four months period in 2014 year. Anthropometric measurements: the height and weight of the participants were determined according to standard criteria. Depending on their nutritional status, the subjects were categorized, as being ‘normal weight,’ "at risk of overweight" and "overweight". Results: In the group of 102 12-year-old children, 55 children were with normal weight, 25 children were at risk of overweight and 22 overweight children. The majority of the children were having normal weight (BMI < 20.50) with 21.57% classified as overweight (BMI 24.35−34.53)
Culture of Pig Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells without Direct Feeder Contact in Serum Free Media

Background: Reprogramming pig somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have promising applications in basic biology, disease model development and xenotransplantation. In the mouse, embryonic stem cell (ESC) technology has revolutionized the field enabling gene targeting, complex screening strategies and the creation of animals that show unique characteristics of interest. Recent breakthroughs utilizing induced pluripotent stem cell technology in the pig have made it possible to produce pig pluripotent stem cells that resemble germline chimeric competent mouse ESCs. However, an optimal culture system for piPSC expansion has yet to be developed. Most reports have maintained piPSCs in undefined systems that use xenoproducts and feeder layers, which are potential sources of contamination. Methods: In this study, new lines of pig iPSCs (piPSC) were generated from pig fibroblast cells by overexpressing six reprogramming genes: POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, KLF4 and C-MYC. These new lines were tested for their ability to be maintained on a Matrigel substrate in the established mouse 2i+LIF system, the human mTeSR1 system and variations of a feeder conditioned media system. Analysis and identification of piPSCs were performed using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and by examining embryoid body formation and differentiation. Results: The newly generated piPSCs showed morphological features, immunoreactivity and reactivation of endogenous pluripotency networks consistent with iPSCs. Similar to cells cultured on feeders, piPSCs maintained under all 7 feeder-free conditions expressed POU5F1 and NANOG, SSEA-1, SSEA-4 and TRA1-81. However, flow cytometry demonstrated that piPSCs cultured in feeder conditioned media with KnockOut Serum Replacement and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) showed significantly higher levels of SSEA1 and SSEA4 expression than cells cultured in a 2i+LIF or mTeSR1 system. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that piPSCs can be maintained in defined systems without serum and direct feeder contact, increasing their potential use in both agricultural and biomedical fields.
Liver and Kidney Functions and Blood Minerals of Shami Goats Fed Salt Tolerant Plants under the Arid Conditions of Southern Sinai, Egypt Donia,

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding salt tolerant fodder crops to Shami goats during pregnancy and lactation on some blood minerals as well as kidney and liver functions under the arid conditions of Southern Sinai, Egypt. Twentyfour of Shami goats were divided into two groups. The first group was fed wheat straw whereas the second one was fed salt tolerant plants (Sorghum vulgare and Pearl millet). Both groups were offered concentrate feed mixture. The levels of some macro and trace elements; sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were measured in blood serum throughout the different physiological status. Moreover, urea and creatinine (Crea) concentrations in addition to the activity of liver enzymes: alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase were determined. The results demonstrated that feeding salt tolerant plants resulted in increasing levels of serum K (P<0.01) and decreasing Ca (P<0.05) compared to the control group while Na and Mg concentrations increased insignificantly. Moreover, animals of G2 achieved higher values of Mo, Pb and Zn while they had lower values of Cd and Cr than their counterparts of the control group. There was obvious effect of physiological status on blood electrolytes assessment. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Cd, Cr, Mo, Pb and Zn tended to decrease in advanced of pregnancy and lactation which might be attributed to the accumulative need of these elements to foetus growth and milk production. Na levels showed an adverse trend. Feeding salt tolerant plants elevated (P<0.01) the activity liver enzymes but decreased both creatinine (P<0.05) and urea levels. Pregnancy and lactation stages increased the ALT, AST, urea and creatinine concentrations. It could be concluded that introducing salt tolerant plants to Shami goats could be an avenue to minimize the feedstuff shortage under arid conditions of Southern Sinai. However, feeding such salt tolerant plants during pregnancy and lactation periods may have adverse effects on blood minerals in addition to liver enzymes activities but not kidney function. These effects might be amplified due to the stress of pregnancy and lactation. [Donia, G.R. ; Ibrahim, N.H. ; Shaker, Y.M. ; Younis, F.M. and Hanan, Z. Amer Liver and Kidney Functions and Blood Minerals of Shami Goats Fed Salt Tolerant Plants under the Arid Conditions of Southern Sinai, Egypt J. Am. Sci. 2014;10(3): 4959]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org. 7
Interior maximum-norm estimates for finite element methods, part II

We consider bilinear forms A(.,.) connected with second-order elliptic problems and assume that for u h in a finite element space S h , we have A(u - u h , x) = F(X) for X in S h with local compact support. We give local estimates for u - U h in L∞ and W∞ 1 of the type local best approximation plus weak outside influences plus the local size of F .
High-resolution soft x-ray photoelectron study of density of states and thermoelectric properties of the Heusler-type alloys (Fe2 3V1 3)100-yAly

The high-resolution soft x-ray photoelectron study of HeuslerL21-type Fe2/3V1/3100�yAly y = 23.8� 25.8 alloys directly confirms the correlation between their thermoelectric properties and the electronic structures near the Fermi level. It shows the rigid-band-like shift of the main 3d bands and the increase of the photoelectron intensity at the Fermi edge with the small deviation of the Al content from stoichiometry, i.e., y = 25.0. This implies the existence of the pseudogap across the Fermi level in Fe2VAl. The Seebeck coefficients evaluated from the present spectroscopic data agree well with the experimental ones as well as the values estimated from a theoretical density of states in a rigid-band model, while the shift is much smaller than what is expected in the rigid-band model. The small modification of the electronic structure in the offstoichiometric Fe2/3V1/3100�yAly alloys may be attributed to the lower contribution of Al to the electronic states near EF.
What Cross-morphemic Letter Transposition in Derived Nonwords Tells us about Lexical Processing

According to an obligatory decomposition account of polymorphemic word recognition, a nonword that is composed of a real word plus derivational affix (e.g., teachen) should prime its stem (TEACH) to the same extent that a truly suffixed word does (e.g., teacher). The stem will be activated in both cases after the suffix is removed prior to the lexical status of the letter-string being of relevance. Importantly, disruption to the stem and suffix through letter transposition should have the same impact on the nonwords and words, with teacehn and teacehr equally priming TEACH. However, an experiment by Diependaele, Morris, Serota, Bertrand, and Grainger (2013) found that the equivalent priming for nonwords and words only occurred when they were intact. When letters were transposed, only the truly derived words showed priming. Since such a result cannot be handled by an obligatory decomposition account, it is important to replicate it. Therefore, the present study repeated the conditions of Diependaele et al. (2013), along with a nonword condition where the stem was followed by a non-suffix (e.g., teachin or teacihn). It was found that priming was maintained across all conditions regardless of letter transposition, hence maintaining obligatory decomposition as a viable account. However, the findings with the non-suffixed nonwords led to the conclusion that morphological structure does not control decomposition, but rather, has its impact after form-based components of the letter-string have been activated.
The Star-forming Main Sequence of Dwarf Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

We explore the star-forming properties of late-type, low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. The star-forming main sequence ( – ) of LSB dwarfs has a steep slope, indistinguishable from unity (1.04 ± 0.06). They form a distinct sequence from more massive spirals, which exhibit a shallower slope. The break occurs around , and can also be seen in the gas mass—stellar mass plane. The global Kennicutt–Schmidt law ( – ) has a slope of 1.47 ± 0.11 without the break seen in the main sequence. There is an ample supply of gas in LSB galaxies, which have gas depletion times well in excess of a Hubble time, and often tens of Hubble times. Only of this cold gas needs be in the form of molecular gas to sustain the observed star formation. In analogy with the faint, long-lived stars of the lower stellar main sequence, it may be appropriate to consider the main sequence of star-forming galaxies to be defined by thriving dwarfs (with ), while massive spirals (with ) are weary giants that constitute more of a turn-off population.
The effects of a soccer match on muscle damage indicators

During a soccer match players perform a substantial number of explosive activities such as jumps, duels, shots and dribblings, accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction and sprints. Precisely such repetitive eccentric contractions are related to muscle damage (exercise-induced muscle damage) that is, two or three days after the match, clinically presented as muscle soreness. The aim of this research was to identify the changes in muscle damage indicators in young players after playing a soccer game. The sample of examinees was composed of 43 soccer players (16.8±1.06 years) who were divided into two groups according to their age (22 cadets aged 15.86±0.35 years and 21 U19 players aged 17.76±0.54 years). Each group played one soccer game lasting 90 minutes each. Right before and immediately after the soccer match, examinees venous blood samples were taken in order to determine the markers of muscle damage. All statistical analyses were conducted by the SPSS software. The examinees demonstrated significantly higher values of myoglobin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase after the game, as well as total number of leukocytes and concentration of C-reactive protein as indicators of inflammation. The results of this research showed that, as the muscle protein concentration was increased and an inflammatory reaction also occurred, soccer matches caused muscle damage in young players.
The Fate of Foreign Antigens in the Intestinal Tract in Infancy and Childhood *

The gastrointestinal tract encounters a greater amount of foreign antigen than any other mucosal surface of the body. It therefore must be well equipped with the means to deal appropriately with offending agents on the one hand and food protein on the other. Not only the quality of the reaction but also its magnitude must be adjusted by intrinsic controls. Immediately after birth, the gastrointestinal tract is guarded against foreign antigens through specific antibodies, nonspecific antiinfective agents, and the cellular components found in mother's milk. In addition, foreign antigens that enter the gastrointestinal tract may penetrate far enough into the intestinal lymphoid tissue to be recognized as such. Such contacts may start a chain reaction ultimately leading to the secretion of specific antibodies at all mucosal surfaces. Some macromolecules penetrate even into the bloodstream. In the case of immune globulins, this is obviously an advantage. Whether the absorption of other macromolecules subserves a useful function is not known. Although IgA is the main immune globulin of the mucosal surfaces, in the form of the specially adapted dimeric secretory IgA, immunoglobulins G, M, E, and D are also produced in the lamina propria. Whereas the translocation of secretory IgA from the lamina propria to the intestinal lumen has been largely elucidated, the factors leading to the release of the other immune globulins into the intestinal lumen are less well understood. Recent evidence suggests that this release is under the control of gastrointestinal hormones as well as the parasympathetic system. In addition to what might be termed the short-term control of the secretion of antibodies, the body also possesses a subtle mechanism for controlling the nature of the immune response. This can extend on the one hand from an active total suppression of the immune response by the Peyer's patch T cell suppressor population, a state called tolerance, to a state of hypersensitivity in which foreign antigen calls forth an exaggerated response, possibly because of an absence of appropriate suppression. In between these two extremes, we have the "normal immune response" associated with the production of
Historical and recent aspects of boron in human and animal health

Evidence that boron is a beneficial bioactive trace element is substantial. The evidence has come from numerous laboratories that have use a variety of experimental models, including humans. In nutritional amounts, boron promotes bone health and brain function, modulates the immune or inflammatory response, and influences the response to oxidative stress. Boron apparently has diverse effects through influencing a cell signaling system or the formation and/or activity of an entity involved in many biochemical processes. Based on findings from both animal and human experiments, and intake of boron near 1.0 mg/day would be a reasonable suggestion for an adequate intake that would assure the benefits provided by boron. Increased intakes of boron through consuming fruits, vegetables, nuts, and pulses should be recognized as a reasonable dietary recommendation.