Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rectal, ocular, and submaxillary pain; a familial autonomic disorder related to proctalgia fugaz: report of a family.

Introduction This paper is concerned with an unusual hereditary idiopathic, presumably autonomic, syndrome characterized by very brief episodes of excruciating rectal pain associated with flushing of the buttocks and legs, ocular pain and flushing of the eyelid and periorbital skin, and submaxillary pain. The rectal pain appears to be similar, though not identical, to that described in the condition known as proctalgia fugax (first described by Thaysen, in 1935). 1 To our knowledge, this syndrome has not been previously reported. Report of Family Infant. —This 9-month-old white boy was first seen in the Pediatric Clinic at the University of California Medical Center on Dec. 13, 1956, with the chief complaint of episodes of rectal pain and flushing of the lower extremities identical to that which his father and a number of his father's blood relatives had suffered during childhood. His past history revealed that he had been well and healthy
Screening of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3 and Jagged2 Genes in the Malay Population with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate

Objective To determine the prevalence of mutations in transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) and Jagged2 genes and their association with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) patients. Design Cross-sectional study on nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. Setting Reconstructive clinic and outpatient dental clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Patients Blood samples of 96 nonsyndromic CL±P and 96 noncleft subjects. Main Outcome Measure Prevalence and association of mutations in TGFβ3 and Jagged2 genes with nonsyndromic CL±P. Results Most of the nonsyndromic CL±P patients (53.1%) had left unilateral CLP. There were slightly more females (56.6%) compared with males. The prevalence of the mutations in the TGFβ3 gene was 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.5, 24.5) and in the Jagged2 gene was 12.5% (95% CI: 5.5, 18.5), which was higher compared with the noncleft group. For the TGFβ3 gene, there was no mutation in the coding region in either of the groups. All variants were single nucleotide polymorphisms located within the intronic flanking region. Two variants were identified (g.15812T>G and g.15966A>G) in both nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. However, the association was not significant (P > .05). Three variants (g.19779C>T, g.19547G>A, and g.19712C>T) were identified in the Jagged2 gene among nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. Only g.19712C>T showed a significant association with nonsyndromic CL±P patients (P = .039). Conclusion g.19712C>T might play a crucial role in the development of cleft lip and palate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the mutation found within intron 13 of the Jagged2 gene among nonsyndromic CL±P Malay patients.
Reduced Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Lymphocryptovirus Infection in Sera from a New World Primate

ABSTRACT The recent discovery of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphocryptovirus (LCV) naturally infecting common marmosets demonstrated that gamma-1 herpesviruses are not limited to human and Old World nonhuman primate hosts. We developed serologic assays to detect serum antibodies against lytic- and latent-infection marmoset LCV antigens in order to perform the first seroepidemiologic study of LCV infection in New World primates. In three different domestic colonies and in animals recently captured from the wild, we found that the seroprevalence of marmoset LCV infection was not as ubiquitous as with EBV or Old World LCV. These biologic differences in LCV infection of New World versus human and Old World primate hosts correlate with the evolution of the LCV viral gene repertoire.
The Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance

A thin, board-to-board zero force insertion and withdrawal connector having a housing containing a plurality of contacts with a first end portion of the contacts secured therein. A pair of parallel rows of rib-like elements extend along the length of the housing and define a U-shaped slot into which the edge of a circuit board can be inserted. The ribs form grooves therebetween which are perpendicular to the rows of ribs. The other end portion of each of said contacts extends downwardly into a groove towards the inner sides of said rib-like elements defining a side of said U-shaped slot, and then further extends upwardly towards the outer side of said rib-like elements. A plate is positioned along the length of said housing and secured thereto by a flexible hinge which divides the plate longitudinally along its length into two sections. A first of these sections extends over the said other end portions of said contacts. The other section of said plate has inclined planes formed on the inner surfaces thereof. A flat strip of material, which also has inclined planes on one surface thereof, fits in-between said second section of said plate and said housing, with the inclined plane surfaces mated to each other. By moving the flat strip in a first direction the said plate is pivoted about its flexible hinge so that said first section thereof forces the said other end portions of said contacts down into said U-shaped slot and against the edge of a circuit board inserted therein.
Cell Separation Analysis of B and T Lymphocyte Differentiation

Despite the fact that morphologists have been studying lymphocytes for almost a century, the division between B and T lymphocytes was first discovered only 15 years ago and through the use of functional, not morphological, criteria. Since the human eye, a remarkably sensitive device for detecting small differences, did not recognize this difference, we might expect that physical differences between B and T lymphocytes are going to be small. Nevertheless, several investigators have developed physical separation procedures which can distinguish between them (see Shortman 1974, MiUer 1975 for reviews). Most of our studies physically characterizing lymphoid populations have used velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. The method is fully described elsewhere (Miller & Phillips 1969, Miller 1973). Sedimentation rate is a function of both cell size and density but is determined primarily by differences in cell size such that, for typical nucleated spleen cells, s ^ rV4 where s is the sedimentation rate in mm/hour and r is the cell radius in microns. Nevertheless, density does influence the sedimentation velocity. For this reason, cells with different sedimentation velocities may have the same volumes and cells with the same sedimentation velocity can differ in size (Miller & Phillips 1969, Moon et al. 1972). Other studies have employed equilibrium buoyant density separation on Ficoll gradients. The advantages of this particular system have been de-
Charged massive particle at rest in the field of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole

The interaction of a Reissner-Nordstroem black hole and a charged massive particle is studied in the framework of perturbation theory. The particle backreaction is taken into account, studying the effect of general static perturbations of the hole following the approach of Zerilli. The solutions of the combined Einstein-Maxwell equations for both perturbed gravitational and electromagnetic fields to first order of the perturbation are exactly reconstructed by summing all multipoles, and are given explicit closed form expressions. The existence of a singularity-free solution of the Einstein-Maxwell system requires that the charge-to-mass ratios of the black hole and of the particle satisfy an equilibrium condition which is in general dependent on the separation between the two bodies. If the black hole is undercritically charged (i.e. its charge-to-mass ratio is less than one), the particle must be overcritically charged, in the sense that the particle must have a charge-to-mass ratio greater than one. If the charge-to-mass ratios of the black hole and of the particle are both equal to one (so that they are both critically charged, or 'extreme'), the equilibrium can exist for any separation distance, and the solution we find coincides with the linearization in the present context of the well-knownmore » Majumdar-Papapetrou solution for two extreme Reissner-Nordstroem black holes. In addition to these singularity-free solutions, we also analyze the corresponding solution for the problem of a massive particle at rest near a Schwarzschild black hole, exhibiting a strut singularity on the axis between the two bodies. The relations between our perturbative solutions and the corresponding exact two-body solutions belonging to the Weyl class are also discussed. « less
In vivo repression of an erythroid‐specific gene by distinct corepressor complexes

To assess the mechanisms of repression of the erythroid‐specific carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) locus we used chromatin immunoprecipitation and show that an NCoR–histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 complex is recruited by the nuclear receptor v‐ErbA to the intronic HS2 enhancer turning it into a potent silencer. Furthermore we demonstrate that efficient CAII silencing requires binding of a MeCP2‐targeted HDAC‐containing corepressor complex to the hypermethylated CpG‐island at the promoter. Activation of transcription by either AZAdC or thyroid hormone results in loss of one of the two corepressor complexes. Thyroid hormone further replaces the enhancer‐bound NCoR–corepressor complex by the TRAP220 coactivator. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) causes activation of CAII transcription and histone H3 and H4 hyperacetylation at the enhancer, apparently without affecting binding of the two corepressor complexes. Unexpectedly, histone H3 and H4 at the fully repressed promoter are already hyperacetylated despite the close apposition of the MeCP2‐targeted HDAC complex. Acetylation of histone H4, but not H3, at the promoter is moderately increased following TSA treatment. Our data suggest that the hyperacetylated but repressed CAII promoter is (partially) remodeled and primed for activation in v‐ErbA‐transformed cells.
Test of Multi-moment Capital Asset Pricing Model: Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange

This study examines the Capital Asset Pricing Model of Sharpe (1964) Lintner (1965) and Black (1972) as the benchmark model in the asset pricing theory. The empirical findings indicate that the Sharpe-Lintner-Black CAPM inadequately, particularly the explains Pakistan’s equity market economically and statistically significant role of market risk for the determination of expected returns. Instead of identifying more risk factors, a detailed analysis of a single risk factor is undertaken. We have concentrated on two main extensions of the standard CAPM model. First, the standard model is extended by taking higher moments into account. Second, the risk factors are allowed to vary over time in the autoregressive process. The result of unconditional non-linear generalisation of the standard model reveals that in the higher-moment CAPM model the investors are rewarded for co-skewness risk. However, the test provides marginal support for rewards of the co-kurtosis risk. Finally, the empirical usefulness of conditional higher moments in explaining the cross-section of asset return is investigated. The results indicate that the conditional co-skewness is an important determinant of asset pricing, and the asset pricing relationship varies through time. The conditional covariance and the conditional co-kurtosis explain the asset price relationship in a limited way. It is concluded that Kraus and Litzenberger (1976) attempts to develop a modified form of the Sharpe- Lintner-Black CAPM and is more successful with KSE data.
Understanding Motivations for Entrepreneurship

The main aims of the study were to explore the different factors motivating entrepreneurs to start a business; explore whether motivations for entrepreneurship change and the impact of the recession; identify any correlates of motivations for entrepreneurship; and to examine the consequences of the different motivations for the entrepreneurial process and performance. The study is based on a re-survey of 1,000 entrepreneurs first identified in GEM and supplemented by in-depth interviews carried out with 40 entrepreneurs.
European Spin-Offs: Origin, Value Creation, and Long Term Performance

This paper tests the empirical validity of theoretical predictions on corporate spin-offs motivations and ex-post performance. Using a unique data set of completed spinoffs in twelve European countries we show that spin-off decisions are frequently triggered by firmâ€™s governance changes, such as the appointment of a new CEO or a takeover threat. Post-transaction long-run stock returns and operating performance are observed for spin-off firms only, and mostly for internally-grown business units and parent-related (non-focusing) subsidiaries. We find no evidence that post-spin-off mergers of either parents or subsidiaries enhance long-term performance, or that focus-increasing spin-offs lead to efficiency improvements.
A Study Of Consumers’ Purchase Intention Toward Green Food

This research is going to study on consumers’ purchase intention toward green food and identify independent variables which involved self-identity, long term orientation, deontology, collectivism, and income level that influence consumers’ purchase intention toward green food. Background of research will be conducted in order to give readers a better understanding of green food. Problem statement will be carried out to provide readers a clear description of issues. Subsequently, research objectives and research question will be formulated. Lastly, hypothesis statement of relationship between variables will be testable and significance of study will be clearly defined of how these variables influence green food purchase intention as well as their contribution to the government, society, academic researcher and marketers.
CHILDREN INVOLVEMENT ON FAMILY PURCHASE DECISION MAKING

Children take big involvement in family decision making process today. There are several factors that make this phenomenon happen, such as media influence. Currently, the development of information and communication technology is so fast, indirectly encourages all parties, including the children to be able to follow the changes. There are two main objectives that will be examined, related with all the stated problems at the previous section, which are to analyze which product category does children involvement of purchase decision making is significant and the key strength of each product category based on the criteria developed in AHP. Theories supporting research are consumer behaviour and decision making. The population is all housewives in Manado with sample of 50 respondents using convenience sampling. The conclusions are (1) the influence of children on family purchase decision making is more likely to suggesting buying product categories followed by deciding brand, and deciding on model; and (2) based on three product categories that are, electronics, personal care and food, respondents more prefer to food than the other product category. Keywords : d ecision m aking
Direct evidence for an adhesive function in the noncholinergic role of acetylcholinesterase in neurite outgrowth

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can promote neurite outgrowth through a mechanism that is independent of its role in hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It has been proposed that this neuritogenic capacity of AChE may result from its intrinsic capacity to function in adhesion. In this study we directly tested this hypothesis using neuroblastoma cell lines that have been engineered for altered cell‐surface expression of AChE. Using a microtiter‐plate adhesion assay and the electrical cell‐substrate impedance‐sensing (ECIS) method, we demonstrate that the level of cell‐substratum adhesion of these cells directly correlates with their level of AChE expression. Furthermore, this adhesion is blocked by either an anti‐AChE antibody or a highly specific AChE inhibitor (BW284c51), both of which have also been shown to block neurite outgrowth. In addition, cells that overexpress AChE showed enhanced neurite initiation. By employing cell lines with different levels of AChE expression in two types of cell‐substratum adhesion assays, our current studies provide evidence for an adhesive function for AChE. These results, together with the fact that AChE shares sequence homology and structural similarities with several known cell adhesion molecules, support the hypothesis that AChE promotes neurite outgrowth, at least in part, through an adhesive function. J. Neurosci. Res. 63:165–175, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Group versus individual performance: are n + 1 heads better than one?" psychological bulletin

Experimental comparisons of groups and individuals were analyzed on four dimensions: task, process, individual differences, and methodology. A standardized terminology based on Lorge, Fox, Davitz, and Brenner was developed to preserve operational definitions in the comparisons of (a) group versus individual, (b) group versus the most competent individual in an aggregate, (c) group versus pooled responses of an aggregate, and (d) group versus math models of performance. Research supported Steiner's theory of process loss but also suggested evidence for process gain. To avoid confounding of group conditions and subject variables, this review-focused on the results of random assignment of subjects to conditions. Belief in the adage that two heads are
Expected Earnings Growth, Stock Valuation and Investor Sentiment

The sensitivity of stock valuations to expected earnings growth, termed as the growth premium, fluctuates substantially over time. This study empirically investigates whether these fluctuations can be explained by investor sentiment. The testable prediction is that investor sentiment affects the growth premium, causing expected earnings growth to be valued differently. The results show that expected earnings growth is valued high (low) in periods in which measures of investor sentiment are high (low). The effect of sentiment on the growth premium is documented both in the cross section of individual stocks and at the aggregate market level. Moreover, future return patterns based on growth-related characteristics are consistent with the hypothesis that sentiment causes the mispricing of stocks whose earnings are expected to grow quickly, and of stocks whose growth is valued at extreme levels. The impact of sentiment on the growth premium is robust after controlling for recognized proxies for risk premia.
The Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Malaysian Public Sector

Internal audit in Malaysian public and private sector organizations underwent a steady organic growth since gaining a foothold in the management process in the 1970s. The management of the Malaysian public sector is continuously maturing in facilitating foreign input in national development, echoing similar advances expounded by the internal audit units of private sector organizations. The main difference being the public sector addresses the interest of a much wider group of stakeholders. Rapid development in infrastructures and industries positioned Malaysia on the fringes of globalization and the world market. This enlarges the crucial role of internal auditing to ensure transparency, integrity, quality and improved service delivery; among myriad positive aims, remain the end point of any process area. This study explored the significance of internal auditing in the Malaysian public sector, and its subsequent extent and influence in public sector hierarchy and decision making. Data was collected from responses to a questionnaire distributed to head of internal auditors, internal auditors and other staff of internal audit departments from various categories of public sector departments and agencies in Malaysia. The study concluded that the internal audit function in the public sector in Malaysia is curtailed by understaffing and hampered by inadequate support from top management while, the auditors seldom extend their full cooperation. The auditors themselves lack appropriate knowledge and training on effective auditing approaches. The negative perception accorded to internal audit led to inaction by management on recommended remedies which only serve to nullify the positive contribution internal audit potentially holds to elevate the service delivery quality of the public sector.
The announcement effects and the long-run performances of convertible bond issuances

We discuss several measurements of equity components in CBs and then examine the short-run announcement effects and the long-run performances surrounding CB issuances by dividing the whole sample of CBs into a debt-like portfolio, a mixed portfolio and an equity-like portfolio. At the time of the CB issuance announcements, the market reactions to different portfolios strictly follow a hierarchy predicted by the pecking order hypothesis. In the long-run subsequent to the CB issuances, the buy and hold stock returns of the equity-like portfolio significantly underperform the industry and market benchmarks and the debt-like portfolio; the operating performances of the issuers that issuance equity-like CBs significantly deteriorated from the pre issuance period, inducing them to underperform both the issuers that issuance debt-like CBs and their non-issuing counterparts; and also, the equity-like portfolio went through the most significant increase in the idiosyncratic risk and the total equity risk, which however still do not differ significantly from their industry levels. Furthermore, we notice that the CB issuers’ post issuance long-run performances are to a large extent consistent with the short-run market reactions they received. By controlling the equity risks, we contend that the market is able to form an unbiased foresight of the future operating performances of the CB issuers at the time of the CB issuances, and the short-run announcement effects are mostly determined by this market perception.
Prevalence of Bowlegs Among Child and Adolescent Soccer Players

Objective:Little is known about the interactions of sports-related demands and human body, in particular on musculoskeletal features, during growth. Focusing on the relationship between soccer and lower limb alignment, we examined the hypothesis that varus knee deviation is more prevalent among high-performance pediatric and adolescent soccer players. Design:Cross-sectional study with focused sampling. Setting:First league sports clubs. Participants:106 male child/adolescent soccer players aged 10 to 21 years and 68 age-matched tennis players. Interventions:All athletes completed a demographic questionnaire and underwent physical examinations, which included height, weight, generalized laxity, knee, ankle, foot and spine axis, hip range of motion, tibial torsion, Q angle, foot navicular height, and progression angle. Main Outcome Measurement:Varus/valgus axis was determined by the intercondylar intermalleolar distance while standing. Soccer and tennis players were compared on knee axis and other outcome variables by analysis of covariance, adjusting for age and by t-tests within age groups. Results:A significantly higher prevalence of knee varus was found among the soccer players compared to that among the tennis players. The difference in intracondylar distance was statistically significant after the age of 13 years (P < 0.001). In addition, compared to tennis players, soccer players had higher foot arches, decreased hip external rotation and increased external tibial torsion. Conclusions:Varus knee axis deviation was more common among children and adolescent soccer players than among tennis players. The prevalence was more pronounced among players aged 13 years or older. Further research is needed to explore the rationale of this phenomenon.