Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN OPTIMAL KEY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION IN MANET

Cryptographic techniques are commonly used for secure data transmission in wireless networks. Most cryptographic techniques, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. Key management is one of the vital aspects of security in mobile ad hoc networks. In mobile ad hoc networks, the processing load and complexity of key management are strongly subject to restriction by the node’s available resources like energy and the dynamic nature of network topology. The Key Management technique is proposed which uses symmetric key management. The distribution of keys in an authenticated manner is a difficult task in MANET. In this paper, we have proposed a secure and optimal key management system in MANET. Initially the mobile input nodes are selected with the aid of soft computing technique. The nodes are clustered by using Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. The clustered nodes are then optimized in order to select the exact amount of nodes for communication. This optimization can be performed with the aid of Enhanced Bacterial Foraging Optimization (EBFO) technique. We use this for authenticating and key sharing to forward security parameters in a novel and secure way. For authentication, we will use the Elliptic Curve Deffie-Hellman (ECDH). This key exchange scheme shares a symmetric key among parties, which is necessary to have a low cost confidentiality in upcoming communications. This delivers a minimum overhead on the network by using ECDH.
Municipal Sewage Sludge Management in the Slovak Republic — Actual Status and Perspectives

Status of municipal sewage sludge management in the Slovak Republic is reviewed herein. Eighty-six point nine percent of the Slovak population is connected to water supply and sixty-one point six of the Slovak population connected to wastewater collection systems. During 2010 total sludge production in Slovakia was 58,718 ton (TS). More than 75% of sludge produced was anaerobically digested and about 85% was applied to agricultural soils. Total volume capacity of anaerobic digestion tanks in WWTPs is 195,000 m3 with daily biogas production more than 60,000 m3. CHP units were installed in 21 plants with total electric output at 5.4 MWe and total electric production at more than 67,000 kWhe/day.
Introduction : Post-accession compliance in the EU ' s new member states *

In May 2004, ten new member states, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), joined the European Union (EU), to be followed in January 2007 by Bulgaria and Romania. This completed not only the biggest but also the most complex and elaborate enlargement round in the history of the EU. Whereas accession always requires the candidate countries to adopt the entire acquis communautaire (with no more than temporary derogations), this process has never before been accompanied by such extensive programming, conditionality, and monitoring as in Eastern enlargement. To some extent, this resulted from the fact that the EU’s acquis itself had become more complex and demanding than in earlier times. Above all, however, it reflects the situation that the CEE candidates for membership still had to grapple with their double and in some cases triple transformation from
Determinant of Income Smoothing At Manufacturing Firms Listed On Indonesia Stock Exchange

This research conducted to analyze the influence of profitability, financial risk (leverage), value of firm, institutional ownership and public ownership on the Income smoothing at Manufacturing firms listed in Indonesia stock exchange (IDX). The data used in this research was secondary data and there was 68 samples taken through purposive sampling technique. The method used in analyzing the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables was multiple linear regression methods and classical assumption test. These findings simultaneously indicated that profitability, leverage, the value of the firm, institutional ownership and public ownership influence on the income smoothing. The partially results performed that leverage and value of firm influenced positively on income smoothing, while the profitability, institutional ownership, and public ownership influenced negatively on the income smoothing of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
J un 2 01 9 Ultraslow Dynamic Annealing of Neutron-induced Defects in n-type Silicon

Neutron bombardments with equivalent fluence (1×10 cm) and different fluxes have been performed on one kind of bipolar transistor and two kinds of bipolar circuits. The base currents or input bias currents of almost all samples are found to decrease with increasing neutron flux, implying that the strength of the dynamic annealing of divacancy defects (V−2 ) in n-type silicon follows a positive flux dependence. Such flux dependence is the same as that observed in ions implantation using protons, boron, carbon, and other heavy ions, but the transition flux in our experiment (∼ 1×10 cms) is 4 orders of magnitudes lower than that of proton bombardment, despite the similarity in the masses and energies of the two particles. A new model considering dissipation of diffused Si interstitials was proposed for the flux effect, in which the huge discrepancy in transition fluxes is attributed to the presence of vast charge carriers in proton bombardments, which strongly accelerate the dynamic annealing of defects by enhancing the diffusion velocity of Si interstitials. Our work would contribute to the understanding of the defect buildup processes in silicon.
Predictive Capabilities of Cubic Turbulence Model in the Square Duct

The aim of this work is to predict numerically the turbulent flow through a straight square duct. The numerical simulations using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a cubic eddy-viscosity turbulence model. This model has been devised by Craft, Launder and Suga (1996). The paper deals with a priori evaluation and improvement of the Explicit Algebraic Renolds Stress model (EARSM) in order to assess its predictive capabilities in the simulation of a fully turbulent flow through a straight square duct. In order to handle wall proximity effects, damping functions are introduced. The comparison of the numerical results with available DNS shows good agreements.
A ug 2 01 9 The pairwise hydrodynamic interactions of synchronized spermatozoa

The journey of mammalian spermatozoa in nature is well-known to be reliant on their individual motility. Often swimming in crowded microenvironments, the progress of any single swimmer is likely dependent on their interactions with other nearby swimmers. Whilst the complex dynamics of lone spermatozoa have been well-studied, the detailed effects of hydrodynamic interactions between neighbors remain unclear, with inherent nonlinearity in the pairwise dynamics and potential dependence on the details of swimmer morphology. In this study we will attempt to elucidate the pairwise swimming behaviors of virtual spermatozoa, forming a computational representation of an unbound swimming pair and evaluating the details of their interactions via a high-accuracy boundary element method. We have explored extensive regions of parameter space to determine the pairwise interactions of synchronized spermatozoa, with synchronized swimmers often being noted in experimental observations, and have found that two-dimensional reduced autonomous dynamical systems capture the anisotropic nature of the swimming speed and stability arising from near-field hydrodynamic interactions. Focusing on two initial configurations of spermatozoa, namely those with swimmers located side-by-side or above and below one another, we have found that side-by-side cells attract each other, and the trajectories in the phase plane are well captured by a recently-proposed coarsegraining method of microswimmer dynamics via superposed regularized Stokeslets. In contrast, the above-below pair exhibit a remarkable stable pairwise swimming behavior, corresponding to a stable configuration of the plane autonomous system with swimmers lying approximately parallel to one another. At further reduced swimmer separations we additionally observe a marked increase in swimming velocity over individual swimmers in the bulk, potentially suggesting a competitive advantage to cooperative swimming. These latter observations are not captured by the coarse-grained regularized Stokeslet modeling or simple singularity representations, emphasizing the complexity of near-field cell-cell hydrodynamic interactions and their inherent anisotropy.
THE ROLE OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY BETWEEN EXTERNAL KNOWLEDGE SEARCH AND FIRM ' S PRODUCT INNOVATION PERFORMANCE Faudziah

Nowadays, it is commonly accepted that external knowledge search is important for firm's product innovation performance (PIP). However, it is still not clear, what dimensions of firms' external knowledge search strategy are crucial in determining their product innovation success, and how firms are exploiting the external knowledge from their external knowledge search activities. This study intends to open the “black box” between different dimensions of external knowledge search strategies, and PIP by proposing absorptive capacity as the mediating variable. Employing path analysis through partial-least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in a sample of 137 Malaysian manufacturing firms, this study found that absorptive capacity is partially mediated between collaboration depth and PIP. In this way, it provides insight that collaboration depth contributes to developing firms' absorptive capacity, and yet, this strategy could also contribute directly to PIP. This study advances extant literature by explaining the way of a firm in attaining superior PIP from external search strategies and absorptive capacity and this provides insights for managers in developing suitable strategies to gain and sustain competitive advantages. As firms improve in its PIP, it could move up the value chain of a country, and encourage the better economic development of the nation.
THE MARKET REACTION TO INTERIM DIVIDENDS DURING EX-DIVIDEND DATES : GREEK EVIDENCE

The present study analyzes the ex-dividend day stock price and trading volume behaviour of firms listed on the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE) that distributed interim dividends from 1993 to 2006. Interim dividends are rare distributions, which are the result of an excellent financial performance of the firm during the current fiscal year. The Greek capital market is considered to be an ideal laboratory for testing the ex-dividend phenomenon due to the obligatory distribution of a minimum regular dividend amount, the absence of any taxes on dividends and capital gains and the trivial impact of tick size and bid-ask spread on stock prices. To test the ex-dividend day phenomenon, we employed the standard event study methodology. The findings are line with those found in other developed markets. Specifically, stock prices drop less than the amount of the interim dividend on the ex-dividend day, resulting in abnormal returns and abnormal trading volume on this day. The estimated ex-day abnormal return exceeds 5% and the ex-day abnormal trading volume is far above the normal volume. Crosssectional regression analysis reveals that the coefficients of the dividend yield, systematic risk and transaction costs explain the stock price behaviour on ex-days. The overall findings are in line with the short-term trading hypothesis.
Growth Effects of Sports Franchises, Stadiums, and Arenas: 15 Years Later

A 1999 study by Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys found the presence of major sports franchises to have no significant impact on the growth rate of per capita personal income and to be negatively correlated with the level of per capita personal income for a sample of all cities that had been home to at least one franchise in any of three professional sports? baseball, basketball, and football? at some time between 1969 and 1994. This paper returns to the questions Coates and Humphreys asked using an additional 17 years of data and a number of new stadiums, arenas, and franchises. The data cover 1969? 2011 and add hockey and soccer franchises to the mix while also including all standard metropolitan statistical areas rather than just those that housed franchises in the major professional leagues. The analysis also adds two new dependent variables: wage and salary disbursements and wages per job. The results here are generally similar to those of Coates and Humphreys; the array of sports variables, including presence of franchises, arrival and departure of clubs in a metropolitan area, and stadium and arena construction, is statistically significant. However, individual coefficients frequently indicate harmful effects of sports on per capita income, wage and salary disbursements, and wages per job.
The geography of the South African adventure tourism industry

The spatial organisation of the adventure tourism industry in South Africa is presented based on an analysis of a national dataset of adventure tourism suppliers. At a national level, the spatial distribution of adventure tourism in South Africa is geographically uneven. The Western Cape is by far the most important province in terms of adventure, followed by KwaZulu-Natal and then Gauteng. Coastal provinces are at an advantage when it comes to building an adventure tourism industry, but the presence of physical resources such as the sea, mountains, rivers, dunes, open veld and nature reserves alone, does not account for development of the sector. Density and distribution of operators is also linked to both population size and disposable incomes, making adventure tourism a tourismrelated product across all provinces, but also a tourism-characteristic product in both the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, supported by both domestic and international tourists. Indications are that for seven of the nine provinces, the sector is underdeveloped so opportunities for expansion abound, especially in terms of urban adventure products.
Knowledge sharing in the global FabLab community : A literature review

The worldwide FabLab community is based on the idea of networking, cooperation and open source. The availability of high-tech prototyping machines for “everyone" is a cornerstone of FabLab. Since 2003 this vision has created meeting places for specialists and enthusiasts to engage with technology bottom-up. The 250 FabLabs provide access to digital tools and have the ambition to share digital fabrication blueprints as well as operating instructions for using the machines in the worldwide community. However, insights from Open Software Communities suggest that it is notoriously difficult to activate collective action and knowledge sharing in virtual communities because this depends on members’ willingness to voluntarily share experiences and insights (see Spaeth et al., 2008; Rangachari, 2009). This raises the question to what extend this is also true for knowledge sharing within the FabLab Community. To answer this question, we interviewed 16 people active in the worldwide FabLab Community. In these interviews we encountered 17 projects that we could define as knowledge sharing case studies. The case studies investigated how knowledge was shared, and what supportive and restraining conditions were. The paper particularly looks at four aspects: motivation, social interaction, technology and legal framework. Through this analysis we developed a model that explains whether and how knowledge is indeed shared globally in this community, and how the challenges in the above mentioned dimensions are experienced and dealt with. The article will proceed as follows: After a literature review, the methods section will present the sample as well as methods for data gathering and data analysis. The subsequent findings section will provide a descriptive overview on the thematic areas that respondents talked about in the interviews. The next section analyses the findings through discussing them in terms of how the FabLab community deals with challenges in the four aspects and by developing a conceptual framework of open knowledge exchange in the FabLabs. The final section will conclude on the insights from this paper.
Assessing the Interconnectedness between Cross-Border Shadow Banking Systems

This paper investigates the interconnectedness among cross-border shadow banking systems using a broad measure of shadow banking defined by the Financial Stability Board. We find these interconnections are tenuous during tranquil periods, but the systems are significantly linked in times of tightening global liquidity conditions. The interconnectedness can be mostly explained by investors’ search-for-yield behaviour, financial linkages between banks, capital stringency and demand from institutional investors. After controlling for effects of these driving factors, the interconnections are generally insignificant, except the shadow banking system in North America remains influential worldwide. The results reflect that the shadow banking system in North America cannot be explained by conventional risk factors as it is far more complicated than those in other economies. Our finding highlights that the spillover risk of shadow banking is not limited by national boundaries, which requires policymakers and regulators to co-ordinate closely with their foreign counterparts. It also draws a possible policy implication for introducing necessary macro-prudential policies, such as monitoring banks’ exposures to shadow banking risk and ensuring adequate supply of alternative safe assets, to mitigate the risk of shadow banking being materialised.
research efficacy of drawings as a measure of attachment style and emotional disturbance : an australian children investigation

Many studies have explored the link between attachment and emotion in children, but none have explored this through children’s drawings. The current study aimed to investigate this gap in the literature. It was hypothesized that children would differ in scores of emotional disturbance based on their attachment style. Specifically, children with secure attachment would have lower emotional disturbance than children with insecure attachment. Three human figure drawings (person, self, and family) were collected from 43 schoolchildren aged between 5 and 12 years. The drawing procedure and emotional disturbance scores were based on the Draw A Person: Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance developed by Naglieri, McNeish, and Bardos (1991) and the Kinetic Family Drawing developed by Burns and Kaufman (1972). Using the Family Drawing Checklist developed by Fury, Carlson and Sroufe (1997), the children’s family drawings were categorized into the attachment styles of secure and insecure. This is the first study in Australia to look at these variables. Children attending a mainstream school where pathology is not expected were used in the study. Some indicators of emotional disturbance were detected; however, differences in emotional disturbance indicators between securely and insecurely attached children were not significant. Methodological issues that may have contributed to nonsignificant results, practical implications, and future directions are discussed.
Performance of “ Le Conte ” Pear Trees in Response to Biological control of Fire Blight Disease

Two isolated Pseudomonas fluorescens (DQ201414) and Pantoea agglomerans strain KB64, were obtained and used for bioassays and field applications against Erwinia amylovora, these isolates showed high activity against the pathogenic bacteria. Intergeneric mixtures of the two antagonists could reduce variation in control by establishing a robust community on plant surfaces and greater competition to the pathogen during its critical epiphytic growth stage. So, Pseudomonas fluorescens (DQ201414), whose nucleotide sequence data were reported in the NCBI nucleotide sequence database (GenBank) under the accession number GU168575 and Pantoea agglomerans strain KB64, could be used as bacterial antagonists for the management of fire blight of pome fruit trees, and represented examples of field trials bacterial antagonists. DQ201414 suppressed colonization caused by E. amylovora through competitive exclusion. The strain Pantoea agglomerans KB64 suppressed pathogen growth by competition and production of an important small peptide antibiotic. Results of field trial proved that the highest number of fruits per tree, fruit weight, yield, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, TSS%, TSS/acid ratio and Total Sugar % resulted from Pantoea agglomerans strain KB64 treatment at the third concentration in both seasons followed by the third concentration of the mixture (Pantoea agglomerans strain KB64 (B1) + (Pseudomonas fluorescens DQ201414) (B2)) and the second concentration of Pantoea agglomerans strain KB64 (B1) in both 2011 and 2012 seasons of the study. The highest average of leaf area, chlorophyll (A) and chlorophyll (B) was achieved by Pantoea agglomerans strain KB64 at the third concentration in both seasons followed by the third concentration of the mixture (Pantoea agglomerans KB64 (B1) + (Pseudomonas fluorescens DQ201414) (B2) and the second concentration of Pantoea agglomerans KB64 in both seasons of the study compared to the control. There was no constant trend for shoot length in both seasons. The highest significant amount of Fe, Zn, Mn, N, P and K resulted from Pantoea agglomerans KB64 at the third concentration in both seasons followed by the second concentration of Pantoea agglomerans KB64 and the third concentration of the mixture in both seasons of the study. In conclusion, the use of some strains of bacteria as a biological control of fire blight proved to be a useful, cheap and safe method to reduce shoot, blossom and immature fruit infection in addition to improving fruit quality.
DETECTORS SENSING SECOND SOUND EVENTS INDUCED BY THERMAL QUENCHES OF SRF CAVITIES IN HE II

SRF bulk Nb cavities are often limited by quench due to anomalous losses (Joule heating due normal defects or Field Emission). We continued R&D on Quench Detectors (QD) activity for locating quench in SRF cavities via 2 sound in superfluid helium. We investigated 2 kinds of QD: Capacitive OST (COST) and Low Response time resistive Thermometers (LRT). A test stand operating in LHe (Temperature: T0) was used for full characterization of the QD by means of precise experimental simulation of SRF cavity quench: various heaters subjected to a pulsed heat flux qP were used. For improving spatial resolution of QD, smaller COSTs were developed and tested. We investigated the dynamic response of QD as function of different parameters (heater size/geometry, T0, qP) and data are reported. Further, a 2 Sound Resonator (SSR) equipped with a pair of COSTs at its 2 extremities as 2 Sound Generator (SSG) and Detector (SSD) respectively, a low heat capacity heater (SSG) and a LRT (SSD) was developed. The experimental data obtained, with SSR operated in resonating mode or in a pulsed mode are presented. The results concerning location of quenches in QWR and Double-spoke cavities are discussed.
45 28 v 1 [ nu clt h ] 2 3 M ay 2 01 1 Phase diagrams in the Hadron-PNJL model

G.Y. Shao, M. Di Toro, 2, ∗ V. Greco, 2 M. Colonna, S. Plumari, 2 B. Liu, 4 and Y.X. Liu 6 INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, I-95123 Catania, Italy Physics and Astronomy Dept., University of Catania, Italy IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China Theoretical Physics Center for Scientific Facilities, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator, Lanzhou 730000, China