Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Vibrio parahaemolyticus Small RNA RyhB Promotes Production of the Siderophore Vibrioferrin by Stabilizing the Polycistronic mRNA

ABSTRACT High-affinity iron acquisition in Vibrio parahaemolyticus is mediated by the cognate siderophore vibrioferrin. We have previously reported that the vibrioferrin biosynthesis operon (pvsOp) is regulated at the transcriptional level by the iron-responsive repressor Fur (T. Tanabe, T. Funahashi, H. Nakao, S. Miyoshi, S. Shinoda, and S. Yamamoto, J. Bacteriol. 185:6938–6949, 2003). In this study, we identified the Fur-regulated small RNA RyhB and the RNA chaperone Hfq protein as additional regulatory proteins of vibrioferrin biosynthesis. We found that vibrioferrin production was greatly impaired in both the ryhB and hfq deletion mutants, and a TargetRNA search (http://snowwhite.wellesley.edu/targetRNA/index2.html) revealed that the 5′-untranslated region of pvsOp mRNA (pvsOp 5′-UTR) contains a potential base-pairing region required for the formation of the RyhB-pvsOp 5′-UTR duplex. An electrophoresis mobility shift assay indicated that RyhB can directly bind to the pvsOp 5′-UTR with the aid of Hfq. Rifampin chase experiments indicated that the half-life of pvsOp mRNA in the ryhB and hfq mutants was approximately 3-fold shorter than that in the parental strain, suggesting that both RyhB and Hfq are engaged in the stabilization of pvsOp mRNA. Chrome azurol S assays followed by electrophoresis mobility shift assays and rifampin chase experiments carried out for mutant strains indicated that base pairing between RyhB and the pvsOp 5′-UTR results in an increase in the stability of pvsOp mRNA, thereby leading to the promotion of vibrioferrin production. It is unprecedented that RyhB confers increased stability on a polycistronic mRNA involved in siderophore biosynthesis as a direct target.
What Does Research Tell Us About Depression, Job Performance, and Work Productivity?

Objective: To assess the work impact of depression. Methods: A review of research articles published since 2002, reporting on the magnitude and/or nature of depression's impact on work. Results: This research is characterized by the use of three outcome indicators (employment status, absenteeism, and presenteeism metrics) and three research designs (population-based, workplace, and clinical). The literature documents that, compared to non-depressed individuals, those with depression have more unemployment, absences, and at-work performance deficits. Methodological variation makes it difficult to determine the magnitude of these differences. Additionally, the research suggests that the work impact of depression is related to symptom severity and that symptom relief only partly reduces the adverse work outcomes of depression. Conclusions: Research has contributed to knowledge of the multidimensional work impact of depression. Further developing intervention research is an important next step.
Peer relationships and mentoring between LIS doctoral students: A qualitative approach

Despite the critical role of peers in the socialization of doctoral students, relatively few researchers have studied types of peer relationships and information exchanged between doctoral students. This study aims to explore doctoral students’ perceptions of their peer relationships and informal peer mentoring within a library and information science program. The authors applied Kram and Isabella’s peer relationship framework developed in organizational settings to examine peer relationship types of library and information science doctoral students. Interviews with 12 doctoral students reveal the existence of cohort, social/academic peer, and other peer groups, which can be mapped onto Kram and Isabella’s continuum of peer relationships, categorized as special, collegial, and information peers; however, this framework suffers from a limitation in explaining dysfunctional peer relationships identified in the study. In regard to differences between peer relationships and peer mentoring, respondents tend to perceive mentoring as a developmental function that takes place in peer relationships. Moreover, the authors propose five types of information exchanged between doctoral students, which are (a) basic, (b) administrative, (c) professional, (d) social, and (e) personal information, and they suggest that peer relationships influence the topical diversity and degree of disclosure in information exchange.
The Psychological Impact of Cardiovascular Screening in Young Athletes: Perspectives Across Age, Race, and Gender

Objective:To determine the psychological impact of electrocardiogram (ECG) screening in young competitive athletes based on age, race, and gender. Design:Prospective multisite cross-sectional investigation. Setting:Young competitive athletes. Patients:One thousand five hundred six high school athletes (59.3% male with a mean age of 15.5 years, 56.2% white, 24.5% African American). Independent Variables:Athletes underwent screening with a standardized American Heart Association-based history, physical examination, and ECG. Main Outcome Measures:Prescreen and postscreen validated assessments for health attitudes, anxiety, and impact of screening on sport. Results:Of the athletes participated, 76.3% had normal screens, 22.7% false-positive (FP) results (12.9% history, 4.2% examination, 3.1% ECG), and 0.9% were diagnosed with serious cardiac disorders. There were no differences in anxiety levels among athletes screening normal versus FP (P = 0.69). There was no difference in anxiety based on the reason for a FP result (history, physical examination, or ECG) both during (P = 0.95) and after (P = 0.40) screening. Analysis by age, race, and gender demonstrated that before screening, females were more likely to prefer knowing about underlying cardiac conditions compared with males (P < 0.001), and males were less concerned about having cardiac disease (P < 0.001) compared with females. African Americans were less concerned about underlying disease (P < 0.001) and less interested (P < 0.001) in cardiac screening compared with whites. Athletes diagnosed with a cardiac disease described anxiety after screening, but still believe that all athletes should receive an ECG before competition. Conclusions:Electrocardiogram screening does not cause excessive anxiety in US high school athletes across spectrums of age, race, and gender. Recognition of age, race, and gender-specific perspectives could improve physician–patient dialogue and support mechanisms for those diagnosed with potentially lethal cardiac disorders. Clinical Relevance:This article provides evidence that undue anxiety should not be used as an argument against the implementation of ECG screening during the preparticipation examinaton for young athletes. Although males and African Americans seem to be at highest risk for sudden cardiac death during exercise, they actually report being the least concerned and least worried about potentially harboring an underlying condition that might predispose them to such an event. Emotional support should readily be available for athletes who are diagnosed with cardiovascular conditions as these individuals report emotional distress after their diagnosis.
Diagnostic Efficiency of the Cochlear Hydrops Analysis Masking Procedure in Ménière’s Disease

Objective To determine whether cochlear hydrops analysis masking procedure (CHAMP) has diagnostic value in patients with definite Ménière’s disease (MD) comparing the diagnostic validity index of CHAMP with those of electrocochleography (ECoG). Study Design A prospective study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients One hundred eight patients were classified into 3 groups: the “definite MD” group (MD group, n = 47); the “non-MD” group (n = 41) of other vestibular diseases including vestibular neuritis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; and the control group (n = 20), which included patients without dizziness. Interventions CHAMP and extratympanic ECoG were performed in all patients. Main Outcome Measure Sensitivity, specificity, and definitions of abnormal values were less than 0.3 ms in latency delay (0.5 kHz high pass noise [HPN]–click alone) and less than 0.95 in compound amplitude ratio (click alone–0.5 kHz HPN/click alone) in CHAMP and 0.4 for the summating potential/action potential ratio in ECoG. Results The mean latency delay and amplitude ratio of CHAMP in the MD group significantly differed from these values for other groups, whereas the mean summating potential/action potential ratio of ECoG did not. In ECoG, sensitivity was as low as 21%, specificity was 97%, and diagnostic accuracy was 62%. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of CHAMP were 64%, 98%, and 80%, respectively, in latency delay and 91%, 83%, and 88%, respectively, in amplitude ratio. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of CHAMP were significantly higher than the corresponding values for ECoG. Conclusion CHAMP is more valuable in detection of definite MD than extratympanic ECoG.
Upfront bevacizumab may extend survival for glioblastoma patients who do not receive second-line therapy: an exploratory analysis of AVAglio.

BACKGROUND In this post-hoc, exploratory analysis, we examined outcomes for patients enrolled in the AVAglio trial of front-line bevacizumab or placebo plus radiotherapy/temozolomide who received only a single line of therapy. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma received protocol-defined treatment until progressive disease (PD). Co-primary endpoints were investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). After confirmed PD, patients were treated at the investigators' discretion. PFS/OS were assessed in patients with a PFS event who did not receive post-PD therapy (Group 1) and patients with a PFS event who received post-PD therapy plus patients who did not have a PFS event at the final data cutoff (Group 2). Kaplan-Meier methodology was used. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for known prognostic variables was generated. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were balanced. In patients with a PFS event who did not receive post-PD therapy (Group 1; n = 225 [24.4% of the intent-to-treat population]), the addition of bevacizumab to radiotherapy/temozolomide resulted in a 3.6-month extension in both median PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62, P = .0016) and median OS (HR: 0.67, P = .0102). Multivariate analyses supported this OS benefit (HR: 0.66). In the remaining patients (Group 2; n = 696), a 5.2-month PFS extension was observed in bevacizumab-treated patients (HR: 0.61, P < .0001); OS was comparable between the treatment arms (HR: 0.88, P = .1502). No significant differences in safety were observed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis suggests that the addition of bevacizumab to standard glioblastoma treatment prolongs PFS and OS for patients with PD who receive only one line of therapy.
Chiral-racemic phase diagrams of blue-phase liquid crystals.

We have measured the phase diagrams of mixtures of chiral and racemic CE4, CE5, and CE2 in order to study the effect of varying chirality on the existence of blue phases in chiral liquid crystals. We observe three blue phases\char22{}BPI, BPII, and BPIII\char22{}which progressively appear at the isotropic phase boundary as the chirality is increased. The temperature widths of both BPI and BPIII become wider with increasing chirality, while BPII becomes narrower and vanishes at high chirality. We argue that this may be a universal feature of blue-phase temperature-chirality phase diagrams and discuss our results in light of previous theory and experiment.
Diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma

These guidelines have been compiled by the Guidelines Working Group of the UK Myeloma Forum on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH). Their production involved the following steps: X Review of key literature including Cochrane Database, Medline and Internet searches X Recommendations made based on literature review and consensus of expert opinion X Consultation with representatives of other specialties X Involvement of patient advocate groups X Presented at the British Society of Haematology (BSH) Annual meeting, Bournemouth, March 2000, and UKMF Annual Clinical Meeting, 8th June 2000; revised as necessary following feedback from these presentations X Reviewed by the UKMF Executive and BCSH Committees X Liturature review updated to 30 June 2001 X Completion date 24 July 2001 X For annual review by UK Myeloma Forum; updates will be published on the UKMF and BSH/BCSH web-sites X Planned full revision date July 2004 X A synopsis of these guidelines is being developed for patients with myeloma and will be available on the web-sites of the IMF(UK) and the UK Myeloma Forum (anticipated early 2002) X Further guidelines will include the management of solitary plasmacytoma, AL amyloidosis, and standards for the use of imaging techniques in myeloma. These guidelines are intended to set out the key areas of strategy in the effective clinical management of myeloma. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation are set out in Table I. Detailed chemotherapy protocols and dosages are not included; they are beyond the scope of this document. It is a function of each cancer centre/network to provide the detailed information and local protocols needed for the safe organization, delivery and management of chemotherapy and related clinical care. Statements appearing on drug dosage in the text mainly concern dosages used in specific trials or in the context of adjustment for renal impairment. The authors of these guidelines have made extensive efforts to ensure that treatments, drugs and dosage regimens are accurate. However, changes in information resulting from continuing research and clinical experience, reasonable differences in opinions among authorities, and the possibility of human error in preparation of the text require the clinician to exercise individual judgement when making a clinical decision. He/she must check product information and drug dosages before prescribing or administration.
Chemiluminescence dot blot hybridization assay for detection of B19 parvovirus DNA in human sera

A chemiluminescence dot blot hybridization assay was used for the detection of B19 parvovirus DNA in human sera by using digoxigenin-labeled probes. The probes were revealed immunoenzymatically by use of anti-digoxigenin Fab fragments conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The chemiluminescence signal was obtained by reacting the labeled probe-target complex with an enzyme-triggerable dioxetane substrate. The emitted photons were detected with instant photographic films. In the search for B19 parvovirus DNA, 2,808 serum samples were analyzed.
Analysis of non-linear behavior - a sensitivity-based approach

One of the important issues in behavioral analysis is that the law of iterated expectation is lost due to the distortion in performance probability. The standard dynamic programming fails to work in this area. In this paper, we propose to use an alternative approach, the sensitivity-based approach, to solve the portfolio management problem in an environment with probability distortion. We show that after changing the underlying probability measure the distorted performance maintains some linearity, and the derivative of the distorted performance is simply the expectation of the sample path based derivative of the performance under this new measure, which can be obtained by perturbation analysis. We also provide simulation algorithms for the derivative of distorted performance. We apply this approach to the initial allocation problem with the distorted performance probability and obtained an optimal policy. We expect that this approach is applicable to other problems in the area of optimization in behavioral analysis.
Effect of flow on transpulmonary circulatory transport functions.

Lung transport functions (distributions of circulatory transit times across the lung) were characterized in four anesthetized dogs at various levels of mean pulmonary blood flow. The central circulation was found to approximate a mathematically linear, time-invariant system when respiratory frequencies were maintained at 40/min or more. Lung transport functions were obtained from 144 pairs of lung-input and lung-output dilution curves using a lumped-parameter model and an iterative convolution technique. Average relative dispersion (standard deviation of the transport function divided by mean transit time) was 0.46, about twice that found previously for segments of arteries. The relative dispersion tended to increase as the mean transit time increased, suggesting that the dispersing mechanism of the lung is dependent on the mean transit time (volume/blood flow). Differences between these results and those of single-vessel transport function studies can be resolved by considering the lung as a parallel-pathway system. It is hypothesized that, as total pulmonary blood flow increases, the pathways become more equally perfused and the relative dispersion of the lung decreases.
Antimony in blood and urine of infants.

AIM: To establish a reference range for antimony in the serum and urine of infants in the first year of life. METHODS: 100 infants were selected randomly from the population. Each infant had a single blood and urine sample taken. Antimony was assayed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The reference range for antimony in the serum of infants in the first year of life was established as 0.09-0.25 microgram/l. The upper 95% centile for urinary antimony, corrected for creatinine, in the same population was 2.6 ng/mg creatinine. There was a very weak correlation between the serum and urine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the presence of low concentrations of antimony in the serum and urine of healthy infants.
Tests for Order Restrictions in Binary Data

Summary. In this article, a general procedure is presented for testing for equality of k independent binary response probabilities against any given ordered alternative. The proposed methodology is based on an estimation procedure developed in Hwang and Peddada (1994, Annals of Statistics22, 67–93) and can be used for a very broad class of order restrictions. The procedure is illustrated through application to two data sets that correspond to three commonly encountered order restrictions: simple tree order, simple order, and down turn order.
MARITAL COITUS ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE

It remains unclear whether the frequency of marital coitus does in fact decline universally across the life course, what shape that decay normally takes, and what best accounts for it: increasing marriage duration, women’s age or age of their partners. Using cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 91,744 non-abstaining women in their first marriage, a generalized linear model is used to determine if there is a consistent pattern in the life course pattern of degradation in the frequency of marital coitus. Datasets were drawn from nineteen countries in Asia, Africa and the Americas. Use of very large samples allows proper disentangling of the effects of women’s age, husband’s age and marital duration, and use of samples from multiple countries allows consideration of the influence of varied prevailing fertility regimes and fertility-related practices on life course trajectories. It is found that declining coital frequency over time seems a shared demographic feature of human populations, but whether marriage duration, wife’s age or husband’s age is most responsible for that decline varies by country. In many cases, coital frequency actually increases with women’s age into their thirties, once husband’s age and marriage duration are taken into account, but in most cases coital frequency declines with husband’s age and marital duration.
Geometric and Numerical Foundations of Movements 123

Humans out-perform contemporary robots despite vastly slower ‘wetware’ (e.g. neurons) and ‘hardware’ (e.g. muscles). The basis of human sensorymotor performance appears to be quite different from that of robots. Human haptic perception is not compatible with Riemannian geometry, the foundation of classical mechanics and robot control. Instead, evidence suggests that human control is based on dynamic primitives, which enable highly dynamic behavior with minimal highlevel supervision and intervention. Motion primitives include submovements (discrete actions) and oscillations (rhythmic behavior). Adding mechanical impedance as a class of dynamic primitives facilitates controlling physical interaction. Both motion and interaction primitives may be combined by re-purposing the classical equivalent electric circuit and extending it to a nonlinear equivalent network. It highlights the contrast between the dynamics of physical systems and the dynamics of computation and information processing. Choosing appropriate task-specific impedance may be cast as a stochastic optimization problem, though its solution remains challenging. The composability of dynamic primitives, including mechanical impedances, enables complex tasks, including multi-limb coordination, to be treated as a composite of simpler tasks, each represented by an equivalent network. The most useful form of nonlinear equivalent network requires the interactive dynamics to respond to deviations from the motion that would occur without interaction. That suggests some form of underlying geometric structure but which geometry is induced by a composition of motion and interactive dynamic primitives? Answering that question might pave the way to achieve superior robot control and seamless human-robot collaboration.
A Model of Women's Sexual Arousal

A model of female sexual arousal shows the composite emotion of subjective sexual arousal, which results from conscious appraisal of sexual stimuli and their context in the presence of positive affective and cognitive feedback. Genital feedback augments the subjective arousal to a variable degree. Genital congestion can be triggered by sexual stimuli in the absence of subjective arousal. Then the congestion either is ignored or not interpreted as sexual. An anhedonic or even a dysphoric response to the sensations of genital congestion are further possibilities. This model allows for various subtypes of arousal disorder and thus facilitates a choice of therapeutic intervention.
Development and validation of a technology acceptance model for safety-enhancing, wearable locating systems

ABSTRACT Events of disasters on passenger ships can never be completely excluded while numbers of passengers on cruises are continuously increasing. Innovations in ubiquitous and networked computing such as wearable locating systems for passengers could enable faster muster and more efficient search for missing people. As the safety enhancement depends on the effective usage of these technologies, passengers’ acceptance is crucial, though largely unknown, and infrastructure implies high costs for shipping companies. In order to investigate passengers’ acceptance, a context-specific technology acceptance model was developed based on a literature review and qualitative interviews with passengers. The model was validated by an online survey with 2086 passengers aged between 16 and 81 years. The context-specific factors social influence, expected usefulness, trust, privacy concern, and perceived security risk explain 95% of the variance in the target variable intention to use locating systems with social influence as the strongest predictor. The context-specific factors are most determined by the passenger characteristics age and need for safety. In conclusion, the model presents insights into the relationships between passenger characteristics and context-specific factors enabling systematic interventions to increase acceptance for locating systems and, thereby, contributes to enhance safety for the occurrence of an evacuation.