Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of eastern tropical Atlantic central waters to Atlantic meridional overturning circulation changes during the Last Glacial Maximum and Heinrich Stadial 1

shows a Mg/Ca-temperature sensitivity of 0.19 mmol/mol perC. Estimates of the LGM and HS1 thermocline temperatures are comparable to the present-day values between 200 and 400 m water depth, but were 1.2-1.5 � C warmer at 550-570 m depth. The HS1 thermocline waters (200-570 m depth) did not show any warming relative to the LGM. This is in contrast to previous climate model studies, which concluded that tropical Atlantic thermocline waters warmed significantly when Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was reduced. However, our results suggest that thermocline temperatures of the northeastern tropical Atlantic show no pronounced sensitivity to changes in the thermohaline circulation during glacial periods. In contrast, we find a significant increase in thermocline-water salinity during the LGM (200-550 m depth) and HS1 (200-400 m depth) with respect to the present-day, which we relate to changes in the wind-driven circulation. We infer that the LGM thermocline (200-550 m depth) and the HS1 upper thermocline (200-400 m depth) in the northeastern tropical Atlantic was ventilated by surface waters from the North Atlantic rather than the southern-sourced waters. This suggests that the frontal zone between the modern South Atlantic and North Atlantic Central Waters was probably shifted southward during the LGM and HS1.
Momentum

Recent research has looked to supplement or even replace the batteries in embedded computing systems with energy harvesting, where energy is derived from the device’s environment. However, such supplies are generally unpredictable and highly variable, and hence systems typically incorporate large external energy buffers (e.g., supercapacitors) to sustain computation; however, these pose environmental issues and increase system size and cost. This article proposes Momentum, a general power-neutral methodology, with intrinsic system-wide maximum power point tracking, that can be applied to a wide range of different computing systems, where the system dynamically scales its performance (and hence power consumption) to optimize computational progress depending on the power availability. Momentum enables the system to operate around an efficient operating voltage, maximizing forward application execution, without adding any external tracking or control units. This methodology combines at runtime (1) a hierarchical control strategy that utilizes available power management controls (such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, and core hot-plugging) to achieve efficient power-neutral operation; (2) a software-based maximum power point tracking scheme (unlike existing approaches, this does not require any additional hardware), which adapts the system power consumption so that it can work at the optimal operating voltage, considering the efficiency of the entire system rather than just the energy harvester; and (3) experimental validation on two different scales of computing system: a low power microcontroller (operating from the already-present 4.7μF decoupling capacitance) and a multi-processor system-on-chip (operating from 15.4mF added capacitance). Experimental results from both a controlled supply and energy harvesting source show that Momentum operates correctly on both platforms and exhibits improvements in forward application execution of up to 11% when compared to existing power-neutral approaches and 46% compared to existing static approaches.
1 ( Solar Thermal ) Heat Transfer Fluids

The choice of heat transfer fluids has significant effects on the performance, cost and reliability of solar thermal systems. In this chapter, we evaluate existing heat transfer fluids such as oils and molten salts based on a new figure of merit capturing the combined effects of thermal storage capacity, convective heat transfer characteristics and hydraulic performance of the fluids. Thermal stability, freezing point and safety issues are also discussed. Through a comparative analysis, we examine alternative options for solar thermal heat transfer fluids including watersteam mixtures (direct steam), ionic liquids/melts and suspensions of nanoparticles (nanofluids), focusing on the benefits and technical challenges. DOI: 10.1615/AnnualRevHeatTransfer.2012004122 SOURCE: Lenert, Andrej, Youngsuk Nam, and Evelyn N. Wang. “Heat Transfer Fluids. ” Annual Review of Heat Transfer 15, 2012.
Altered Blood Glucose Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorder affecting 5-7% women of reproductive age. The etiology of PCOS is multifactorial. It is associated with menstrual dysfunction and subfertility. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are commonly associated with PCOS. Insulin resistance is now recognized as a major risk factor for development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Aims of present study is to know the blood glucose levels in women of younger age group with PCOS. A case control study was conducted in 50 non diabetic PCOS patients (15 to 25 years age) and 50 non diabetic normal menstruating women, matched for age and anthropometric data. 2 ml of fasting blood sample was collected for fasting blood sugar (FBS). 75 gram of glucose was given with 300ml of water to drink. After 2 hours, blood sample was collected for post prandial blood sugar (PPBS). Statistical analysis was done by using student ̳t‘ test. FBS and PPBS after 2 hour OGTT were significantly raised in PCOS patients compared to normal menstruating women. Periodic screening of PCOS patients should be carried out as they are more prone to develop glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus and failing to do so the patient may end up in cardiovascular and other complication.
EFFECTS OF A MOTIVATIONAL CLIMATE INTERVENTION IN GROUP 1 EXERCISE ON PARTCIPANTS ’ MOTIVATIONAL AND OTHER 2 PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES 3 By 4

55 The purpose of this research was to examine the experiences of physically 56 inactive female college students (N = 20) randomly placed in an intentionally created 57 C/TI (caring/task-involving) or EI (ego-involving) climate for small group weight 58 training sessions. Participants’ perceptions of the motivational climate were considered 59 with regard to their interest/enjoyment, effort, feelings of stress, shame, and self60 consciousness, as well as planned continuation of weight training and excitement to do 61 so. Results indicated that the intervention to create the intended climates was successful. 62 Further, participants in the C/TI group reported significantly greater enjoyment during the 63 weight-training session and experienced less feeling of stress, shame, and self64 consciousness than those in the EI climate. Additionally, those in the C/TI group reported 65 greater excitement to participate in future weight training than participants in the EI 66 group. There were no significant differences in self-reported effort levels or plans to 67 continue weight-training between the climate groups, though the trend was for those in 68 the C/TI climate to report greater effort levels and plans to continue weight training more 69 than the EI group. The results of this research suggest participants in exercise settings are 70 capable of perceiving differing motivational climates, which can affect their experiences 71 and commitment to future physical activity. 72
Bad News Turned Good: Reversal Under Censorship

Sellers often have the power to censor the reviews of their products. We explore the effect of these censorship policies in markets where some consumers are unaware of possible censorship. We find that if the share of such “naïve” consumers is not too large, then rational consumers treat any bad review that is revealed in equilibrium as good news about product quality. This makes bad reviews worth revealing and allows the seller to use them to signal his product’s quality to rational consumers. (JEL D82, D83, L15)
Object individuation and object identity in infancy : The role of spatiotemporal information , object property information , and language

Recent work on object individuation and object identity in infancy indicates that at least three sources of information may be used for object individuation and object identity: spatiotemporal information, object property information, and object kind information. Several experiments have shown that a major developmental change occurs between 10 and 12 months of age (Xu & Carey, 1996; Xu, Carey & Welch, in press; Van de Walle, Prevor & Carey, under review; Xu, Carey & Quint, in preparation): Infants at 10 months and younger readily use spatiotemporal information in object individuation and object identity tasks, but not until about 12 months of age are infants able to use object property or object kind information to do so. This paper proposes a two-part conjecture about the mechanism underlying this change. The ®rst part borrows ideas from object-based attention and the distinction between ``what'' and ``where'' information in visual processing. The hypothesis is that (1) young infants encode object motion and location information separately from object property information; and (2) toward the end of the ®rst year, infants integrate these two sources of information. The second part of the conjecture posits an important role for language. Infants may take distinct labels as referring to distinct kinds of objects from the onset of word learning, and infants use this information in solving the problem of object individuation and object identity. Evidence from human adults, infants, and non-human primates is reviewed to provide support for the conjecture. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Acta Psychologica 102 (1999) 113±136 * Corresponding author. Tel. : +1-617-3733060; fax: +1-617-3738714; e-mail: fxu@neu.edu 0001-6918/99/$ ± see front matter Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 0 0 1 6 9 1 8 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 2 9 3 PsycINFO classi®cation: 7820
Distributional analysis of the role of breadth and persistence of multiple deprivation in the health gradient measured by biomarkers

This paper analyses the relationship between health and socioeconomic status ac- counting for the role of breadth and persistence of multiple deprivation. Adopting a holistic approach to multidimensional deprivation, we construct measures of absolute and relative deprivation and use these measures along with a range of nurse measured and blood-based biomarkers for a distributional analysis of the relationship between so- cioeconomic status and health. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society, our analysis finds the presence of systematic multidimensional deprivation gradient across the distribution of most of our biomarkers (BMI, waist cir- cumference, heart rate, C-reactive protein and HbA1c) beyond income, with the size of this gradient to be substantially larger at higher tails of the biomarker distribution. De- composition analysis of the contribution of components of deprivation to health suggests breadth of deprivation to dominate the contribution over persistence. Health policy pri- oritising health of people enduring deprivation across multiple domains, i.e., people who experience dual burden of deprivation across several domains and poor health, may be particularly effective at reducing the risk of falling into a health-deprivation trap.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE NUMBER SENSE PERFORMANCES OF PRESERVICE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS

The aim of this study is to examine the number sense skills of preservice elementary school mathematics teachers. This study was conducted by using the survey model among descriptive research methods. A total of 111 preservice teachers studying at second and third grades in the elementary school mathematics teaching program at a state university participated in the study. The data of the study were collected by using the number sense test consisting of 17 questions and developed by Kayhan-Altay (2010). The findings of the study indicated that the number sense performances of preservice elementary mathematics teachers were lower than expected and there was a significant difference in favour of third-grade students. It is considered that the “Special Training Methods I and II” courses and the “Mathematics Curriculum” course, which are taught in third grades and in which subjects such as estimation and making mental calculations, etc. superficially related to number sense are mentioned, may cause this difference. Thus, it was suggested that it was necessary to include courses consisting of number sense and how it can be developed in the curriculum. Article visualizations:
The Minimized Power Geometric model: An analytical mixing model for calculating polyphase rock viscosities consistent with experimental data

Here we introduce the Minimized Power Geometric (MPG) model which predicts the viscosity of any polyphase rocks deformed during ductile flow. The volumetric fractions and power law parameters of the constituting phases are the only model inputs required. The model is based on a minimization of the mechanical power dissipated in the rock during deformation. In contrast to existing mixing models based on minimization, we use the Lagrange multipliers method and constraints of strain rate and stress geometric averaging. This allows us to determine analytical expressions for the polyphase rock viscosity, its power law parameters, and the partitioning of strain rate and stress between the phases. The power law bulk behavior is a consequence of our model and not an assumption. Comparison of model results with 15 published experimental data sets on two‐phase aggregates shows that the MPG model reproduces accurately both experimental viscosities and creep parameters, even where large viscosity contrasts are present. In detail, the ratio between experimental and MPG‐predicted viscosities averages 1.6. Deviations from the experimental values are likely to be due to microstructural processes (strain localization and coeval other deformation mechanisms) that are neglected by the model. Existing models that are not based on geometric averaging show a poorer fit with the experimental data. As long as the limitations of the mixing models are kept in mind, the MPG model offers great potential for applications in structural geology and numerical modeling.
Vacuum energy density kicked by the electroweak crossover

Using $q$-theory, we show that the electroweak crossover can generate a remnant vacuum energy density $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\sim}{E}_{\mathrm{ew}}^{8}/{E}_{\mathrm{Planck}}^{4}$, with effective electroweak energy scale ${E}_{\mathrm{ew}}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and reduced Planck-energy scale ${E}_{\mathrm{Planck}}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{18}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. The obtained expression for the effective cosmological constant $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ may be a crucial input for the suggested solution by Arkani-Hamed et al. of the triple cosmic coincidence puzzle (why the orders of magnitude of the energy densities of vacuum, matter, and radiation are approximately the same in the present Universe).
Optical studies of biaxial Al-related color centers in smoky qu rtz Dnnoru

Three optical absorption bands, Ar, Ar, and Ar, are associated with trapped hole centers that develop when quartz containing Al3+ in a substitutional Sia+ site is subjected to ionizing radiation. Studies of the directional anisotropy of the AratdA, optical bands in the quartz basal plane show that they may interchange orientations from crystal to crystal in major rhombohedral growth; this contradicts an earlier theory that the anisotropy results from site selectivity olAl,* occurring only in minor rhombohedral growth. Four crystallographic directions have been found foi the maximum intensity of Arandlor Ar: l0T'101, [1340], [1120], and ti450l. The removal ofbasal-plane anisotropy at -500'C reported by others was confirmed and is attributed to the homogenization of interstitial atoms providing charge compensation for substitutional Al3*. thermal Uleaching studies were conducted to investigate relationships among the r4 bands and to observe their association with the B band, which is related to a trapped-electron center. A plot of the N/(product of number of absorbing centers times oscillator strength) for the Arband vs. the B band with bleaching temperature forms a straight line with a slope 1.0, which is identical to a comparable plot of the growth of the analogous 11;ts and E; bands studied earlier in soda silica glass. This strengthens the model that the center responsible for B is the trapped-electron analogue of trapped-hole center responsible for Ar. Plots of N/for,4, vs. Ar, Arvs. Ar, and A.rvs. A, with bleaching temperature all form straight linei, suggesting a close relationship among the centers related to these optical bands. Since the center related to,43 is known to involve a single trapped hole, it is concluded that all ofthese centers involve only one trapped hole.
In situ measurements of hydraulic properties of a shear zone in northwestern South Carolina

Subsequent to the initial impoundment of the Bad Creek Reservoir in northwest South Carolina in January 1991, lake level fluctuations (up to 33 m d−1) caused delayed (98 hours) correlative water level changes in an observation well (OW3) 250 m away. The bottom of the well is connected to the bottom of the reservoir by a shallowly dipping, 1 m wide shear zone. The amplitude of water level changes in OW3 was 0.19 of that in the reservoir. The amplitude ratio, R, of the water level changes in OW3 to those in the reservoir is a measure of the pore pressure transmitted through the shear zone. Assuming one-dimensional diffusion of pore pressure in the shear zone between the reservoir and OW3, these values of time lag and amplitude ratio of the water level fluctuations changes yield estimates of 0.05 m2 s−1 for hydraulic diffusivity and 1.1 × 10−15 m2 for permeability of the shear zone. In subsequent years the time lag decreased to 72 hours and R increased to 0.23, suggesting a nearly 60% increase in the two hydraulic parameters. We interpret the increase to be owing to flushing of fines in the shear zone due to the pumping action of lake level fluctuations or due to dissolution. After 1994, there were no further changes in these parameters suggesting steady state conditions. Our analysis demonstrated that the fluid pressure flow is restricted to the shear zone and the pore pressure transmitted through the shear zone showed a lognormal relationship with the frequency of lake level fluctuations, R = 0.5 exp (−14.93/T), where T (days) is the period of lake level changes. Spectral analyses of the data were used to obtain a frequency independent hydraulic diffusivity (∼0.076 m2 s−1) of the shear zone after it had reached steady state conditions. Using the undrained response of the reservoir, an in situ estimate value 0.66 was obtained for the Skempton's coefficient. The hydraulic diffusivity ∼0.1 m2 s−1 was found to be lower than that encountered at other locations of induced seismicity in the region.
GALAXY CLUSTERING IN THE COMPLETED SDSS REDSHIFT SURVEY: THE DEPENDENCE ON COLOR AND LUMINOSITY

We measure the luminosity and color dependence of galaxy clustering in the largest-ever galaxy redshift survey, the main galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Seventh Data Release. We focus on the projected correlation function wp(rp) of volume-limited samples, extracted from the parent sample of ∼700,000 galaxies over 8000 deg2, extending up to redshift of 0.25. We interpret our measurements using halo occupation distribution (HOD) modeling assuming a ΛCDM cosmology (inflationary cold dark matter with a cosmological constant). The amplitude of wp(rp) grows slowly with luminosity for L < L* and increases sharply at higher luminosities, with a large-scale bias factor b(> L) × (σ8/0.8) = 1.06 + 0.21(L/L*)1.12, where L is the sample luminosity threshold. At fixed luminosity, redder galaxies exhibit a higher amplitude and steeper correlation function, a steady trend that runs through the “blue cloud” and “green valley” and continues across the “red sequence. ” The cross-correlation of red and blue galaxies is close to the geometric mean of their autocorrelations, dropping slightly below at rp < 1 h−1 Mpc. The luminosity trends for the red and blue galaxy populations separately are strikingly different. Blue galaxies show a slow but steady increase of clustering strength with luminosity, with nearly constant shape of wp(rp). The large-scale clustering of red galaxies shows little luminosity dependence until a sharp increase at L > 4 L*, but the lowest luminosity red galaxies (0.04–0.25 L*) show very strong clustering on small scales (rp < 2 h−1 Mpc). Most of the observed trends can be naturally understood within the ΛCDM+HOD framework. The growth of wp(rp) for higher luminosity galaxies reflects an overall shift in the mass scale of their host dark matter halos, in particular an increase in the minimum host halo mass Mmin. The mass at which a halo has, on average, one satellite galaxy brighter than L is M1 ≈ 17 Mmin(L) over most of the luminosity range, with a smaller ratio above L*. The growth and steepening of wp(rp) for redder galaxies reflects the increasing fraction of galaxies that are satellite systems in high-mass halos instead of central systems in low-mass halos, a trend that is especially marked at low luminosities. Our extensive measurements, provided in tabular form, will allow detailed tests of theoretical models of galaxy formation, a firm grounding of semiempirical models of the galaxy population, and new constraints on cosmological parameters from combining real-space galaxy clustering with mass-sensitive statistics such as redshift-space distortions, cluster mass-to-light ratios, and galaxy–galaxy lensing.
THERMAL MODELING OF 304 L STAINLESS STEEL SELECTIVE LASER MELTING

This paper describes the continuum thermal modeling of the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process for 304L stainless steel using Abaqus. Temperature dependent thermal properties are obtained from literature and incorporated into the model capturing the change from powder to fully dense stainless steel. The thermal model predicts the temperature history for multi-track scans under different process parameters (laser power, effective scanning speed, hatch spacing) which is used to extract the melt-pool size, solidification rate, and temperature gradients. These are compared to experimental results obtained from a Renishaw AM250 in terms of the melt pool size, grain structure, and cell spacing. These experimental results are used to tune unknown simulation parameters required by the continuum model including the optical penetration depth and thermal conductivity multiplier for the molten region. This allows the model to yield predictive simulations of melt pool size and solidification structure of SLM 304L stainless steel.