Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomized control trial of the effect of yoga on Gunas (personality) and Self esteem in normal healthy volunteers

Background/Aims: To study the efficacy of yoga on Gunas (personality) and self esteem in normal adults through a randomized comparative study. Materials and Methods: Of the 1228 persons who attended motivational lectures, 226 subjects aged 18–71 years, of both sexes, who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and who consented to participate in the study were randomly allocated into two groups. The Yoga (Y) group practised an integrated yoga module that included asanas, pranayama, meditation, notional correction, and devotional sessions. The comparison group practised mild to moderate physical exercises (PE). Both groups had supervised practices for one hour daily, six days a week, for eight weeks. Guna (personality) was assessed before and after eight weeks using the self-administered “The ’Gita” Inventory of Personality” (GIN) to assess Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. Self esteem in terms of competency (COM), global self esteem (GSE), moral and self esteem (MSE), social esteem (SET), family self esteem (FSE), body and physical appearance (BPA), and the lie scale (LIS) were assessed using the self esteem questionnaire (SEQ). Results: The baseline scores for all domains for both the groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05 independent samples t-test). There were significant pre-post improvements in all domains in both groups (P < 0.001 paired t-test). The number of persons who showed improvement in Sattva and decrease in Tamas was significant in the Y but not in the PE group (McNemar test). The effect size for self esteem in the Y group is greater than for the PE group in three out of seven domains. Conclusions: This randomized controlled study has shown the influence of Yoga on Gunas and self esteem in comparison to physical exercise.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children of Texas

Background Acquisition of the Helicobacter pylori infection usually occurs in childhood. The prevalence of infection differs among ethnic groups and in adults is inversely related to the socioeconomic status of the individual's family during childhood. This study investigates the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in children of different ethnic groups in relation to socioeconomic class and investigates the prevalence of acute H. pylori infection among children who have had recent onset of abdominal pain. Methods Serum samples were collected from 797 children, aged 6 months to 18 years, of various socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds, at a large urban children's hospital. H. pylori status was determined by an anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin (Ig)G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validated for pediatric use. To determine the prevalence of acute H. pylori infection, children brought to the emergency center with abdominal symptoms without diarrhea and overt signs of acute abdomen were evaluated with both serology and the 13C-urea breath test. Acute H. pylori was defined as a positive 13C-urea breath test result and negative IgG serology for H. pylori. Results The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 12.2% and increased with age (e.g., 8.3% at 6–11.9 months and 17.9% at 13 years). The prevalence was inversely related to socioeconomic status (6.6%, moderate to high vs. 15%, low socioeconomic status). The difference in seroprevalence among blacks (16.8%), Hispanics (13.3%), and whites (8.3%;P < 0.01) could be accounted for by differences in socioeconomic status. Eighteen percent of children who were evaluated at the emergency center for recent-onset abdominal pain had acute H. pylori infections. Conclusions Socioeconomic status, not ethnic group, is the more important risk factor for acquisition of H. pylori infection during childhood. Acute H. pylori infection was a relatively common cause of recent-onset, nonsurgical abdominal pain.
Reply to Mafessoni and Prüfer: Inferences with and without singleton site patterns

Mafessoni and Prufer (1) (MP) make three points: ( i ) Low variation among Neanderthal genomes implies a small population, ( ii ) Neanderthal–Denisovan divergence is small relative to archaic-modern, and ( iii ) an analysis including singleton site patterns (in which the derived allele appears only once) supports a small Neanderthal population and a more recent Neanderthal–Denisovan separation. Point i assumes that sequenced Neanderthals are representative of all Neanderthals, yet samples come primarily from the north, where DNA preserves well. The global population may have been larger if some unsampled populations were distantly related to those sampled. Point ii is subsidiary to point iii , because divergences can be calculated from site pattern frequencies. We therefore focus on point iii . Our previous estimates (2) were biased, because our modern human data excluded invariant nucleotide sites (3). Mutations in an archaic lineage appear only if that lineage introgressed into moderns, leading … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: rogers{at}anthro.utah. edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Influential analyst recommendations : are they the hidden gem?

Informational signals play an important role in Finance. From an ex post exercise, there are 20% influential analyst recommendations in terms of impact on the price. We perform a predicting exercise to forecast influential recommendations changes. We find that ex ante these depend on the magnitude of the recommendation change, concurrent earnings forecasts issued around the recommendation change, and firm institutional ownership. From this knowledge, we construct an out of sample long-short portfolio that buys positive and sells negative influential recommendation changes’ stocks. This strategy yields a net annualized abnormal return of 26%, an annualized Sharpe ratio of 1.23, and an annualized certainty-equivalent of 27% between 1999 and 2012, which compares well to an annualized Sharpe Ratio of 0.40 and an annualized certainty-equivalent of 6% of the CRSP equally-weighted index.
Fraudulent Financial Statement Detection Using Statistical Techniques: The Case of Small Medium Automotive Enterprise

Fraudulent financial statements (FFS) are now placed under greater public scrutiny following an increase in the number of collapses among companies due to management fraud with losses on average at 5% of revenue (ACFE, 2014). There is consensus that management fraud is an ongoing reality and no single organization is immune from the damage caused by the fraudsters (KPMG Malaysia, 2009). Small and medium sized businesses are also threatened by fraudulent activities and statistics showed organizations with fewer than 100 employees experienced more fraud cases than larger corporations (ACFE, 2008). Most of the companies in the automotive industry in Malaysia are small and medium scaled; hence these companies bear a greater burden and face higher risks of fraud. Precautionary measures in preventing fraud are crucial; however, with limited resources, effective detection may be severely curtailed. This paper assesses the possibility of FFS in a small medium automotive company in Malaysia using three statistical analyses namely the Beneish model, Altman Z-Score and Financial Ratio. The findings show that there are riskier zones that need to be further investigated by the management. It is suggested for the company to establish an internal audit unit to provide assurance on the company’s operations, financial reporting accuracy and adherence to the regulations.
Oral, direct Factor Xa inhibition with BAY 59‐7939 for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement

Summary. Background: Joint replacement surgery is an appropriate model for dose‐ranging studies investigating new anticoagulants. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of a novel, oral, direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor – BAY 59‐7939 – relative to enoxaparin in patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. Methods: In this double‐blind, double‐dummy, dose‐ranging study, patients were randomized to oral BAY 59‐7939 (2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 30 mg b.i.d.), starting 6–8 h after surgery, or s.c. enoxaparin 40 mg once daily, starting on the evening before surgery. Treatment was continued until mandatory bilateral venography was performed 5–9 days after surgery. Results: Of 706 patients treated, 548 were eligible for the primary efficacy analysis. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of any deep vein thrombosis, non‐fatal pulmonary embolism, and all‐cause mortality; rates were 15%, 14%, 12%, 18%, and 7% for BAY 59‐7939 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg b.i. d. , respectively, compared with 17% for enoxaparin. The primary efficacy analysis did not demonstrate any significant trend in dose–response relationship for BAY 59‐7939. The primary safety endpoint was major, postoperative bleeding; there was a significant increase in the frequency of events with increasing doses of BAY 59‐7939 (P = 0.045), but no significant differences between individual BAY 59‐7939 doses and enoxaparin. Conclusions: When efficacy and safety were considered together, the oral, direct FXa inhibitor BAY 59‐7939, at 2.5–10 mg b.i. d. , compared favorably with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing elective total hip replacement.
Costly External Finance: Implications for Capital Markets Anomalies

In a frictionless world, investment is perfectly elastic to changes in the discount rate. With financial frictions, investment is less elastic, meaning that a given magnitude of change in investment is associated with a higher magnitude of change in the discount rate. Equivalently, investment is a more powerful predictor of future stock returns. Consistent with this prediction, we document that the asset growth, external finance, and accrual anomalies in the cross-section of stock returns are much stronger in financially more constrained firms than in financially less constrained firms. Further tests show that this effect of financial constraints is distinct from the effect of financial distress and the effect of limits of arbitrage on the magnitude of the anomalies.
The genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Aloe vera leaf extract in vivo and in vitro

The genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Aloe vera leaf extract (AV) were investigated using the chromosome aberrations (CAs) test for the bone marrow cells of rats, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronucleus (MN) and CAs tests for human lymphocytes, and the Ames Salmonella/microsome test system. In the bone marrow cells of rats, AV extract significantly induced structural and total CAs at all concentrations and in all treatment periods. In human peripheral lymphocytes, AV did not increase the mean SCE; however, it significantly induced the MN frequency and structural CAs. In addition, AV showed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the replication index (RI), mitotic index (MI), and nuclear division index (NDI) in human lymphocytes and by decreasing the MI in the bone marrow cells of rats. AV did not decrease the genotoxicity or cytotoxicity of urethane (ethyl carbamate, EC) in the bone marrow cells of rats or in the mitomycin-C (MMC) in human lymphocytes. AV was a weak mutagen in the TA98 strain of Salmonella typhimurium in the absence of S9mix; however, AV+NPD (4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine) and AV+SA (sodium azide) exhibited a synergism in increasing the number of revertants for the TA98 and TA100 strains in the absence of S9mix, respectively.
Structure-based System Dynamics analysis of engineering design processes

Within this work a case study is presented in which the concept of structure-based System Dynamics analysis is applied to an engineering design process. The structure-based System Dynamics analysis approach uses structural Multiple-Domain Matrix models as a basis to derive System Dynamics models which are able depict the behavior of the engineering design processes. The implications from the behavioral models can be used to analyze and optimize the structure of the underlying process. The development of an e-bike sharing system within a student project was used as basis for the case study to answer the question if the structure-based System Dynamics analysis approach can be successfully applied to model the behavior of the observed engineering design process. Based on the definition of this initial research question, the instruments to conduct the case are developed, the data is gathered and consequently analyzed. The simulation results of the engineering design process are presented, compared to the real process and finally discussed. Thereby benefits, challenges and further areas of research are identified.
A crosslinguistic study of voiceless fricative sibilants in Galician and European Portuguese

This study examines the sibilant fricatives produced by seventeen Galician and twenty-two Portuguese speakers. Galician and Portuguese are closely related languages that present important continuities, although it is in their phonological and phonetic systems that they diverge most obviously. By means of the analysis of spectra and spectral moments, chiefly the spectral mean, postalveolar sibilants and front (alveolar or alveolo-dental) sibilants are differentiated in both Galician and Portuguese. Much variation has been found in front sibilant realizations among speakers and even between different realizations by the same speaker. This variation is especially striking among male Galician speakers, where it was possible to distinguish three different articulations, identified here as an apico-aveolar [s̺], a lamino-alveolar [s], and a lamino-dental [s̪] sibilant. The research results point to a loss of phonetic diversity on the Portuguese side of the political border, while in Galicia it is better preserved, although it is losing ground.
Changing the lifestyles of young adults

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the costs and benefits that young adults perceive to be associated with adopting healthier food, alcohol and physical activity behaviours. Social marketing is used to identify and change behaviours within a segmented audience. The approach uses theoretical insights, and an appreciation of an individual’s environment, and a suite of methods to understand and suggest approaches to change behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – Focus groups were conducted between April and August 2007 with a sample of 54 young adults aged 19-24 years, from the North East of England. Qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken using Nvivo software. Findings – Young adults recognise future health benefits that they could gain from following healthier lifestyle behaviours; however, at their present age, their focus is on benefits such as weight regulation and improving one’s appearance. External competitive forces act against these benefits and result in time and effort costs.
Sampling from social network to maintain community structure

The research of network community structure based on a large number of complex network datasets is becoming popular in recent years. For the limit of existing computing capabilities and other conditions, such a large network data processing is becoming one of the hardest issues, so sampling algorithm research has become a new hot spot in network data analysis. Based on the needs of network structure research, in this paper, we propose an improved forest fires algorithm, which can not only decrease the scale of network data but also maintain the previous network community structure well. We define two concepts, namely ‘community degree’ and ‘center of community’ in the algorithm. Then the algorithm was applied on five datasets. In order to make it convenient for the comparison between our sampling algorithm and the other six sampling algorithms under different parameters, we use network community profile and Kolmogorov–Smirno D statistics to judge the consistency between the sample and the previous graph. Experiment results show that the improved algorithm is better than the other six sampling algorithms under most of the parameters. The efficiency and feasibility of the modified algorithm is also validated. Finally, we give the recommended values of different parameters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From autonomous strategic behavior to emergent strategy

This study develops a model of emergent strategy formation at a large telecommunications firm. It integrates prominent traditions in strategy process research�strategy as patterned action, as iterated resource allocation and as practice�to show how emergent strategy originates as a project through autonomous strategic behavior, then subsequently becomes realized as a consequence of mobilizing wider support to provide impetus, manipulating strategic context to legitimate the project by constructing it as consonant with the prevailing concept of strategy, and altering structural context to embed it within organizational units, routines, and objectives. The study theorizes the role of �practices of strategy articulation� in emergent strategy formation, and explains why some autonomous strategic behavior becomes �ephemeral� and disappears rather than enduring to become emergent strategy
Development of Indoor Navigation System using Asynchronous Pseudolites

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is now attracting worldwide attention as a navigation sensor. One of the advantages of GPS is that you can find your position using GPS receiver wherever you go; however, it is not always true. If you are in an obstructed environment, for example, in urban canyons or inside a building, you cannot navigate with GPS receivers. This paper shows the possibility of navigation using GPS receivers even in blocked environments or indoors. The paper describes the navigation system that was developed and implemented at Seoul National University (SNU) GPS Lab. This system uses pseudolites and GPS receivers. The paper then shows the results of experiments and the accuracy of the system. The results of the experiments are satisfactory. The RMS error of the static test is 1 mm horizontally and 2 mm vertically. And the RMS error of the dynamic experiment is 5.6 mm horizontally and 15 mm vertically. This Indoor Navigation System can be used independently or with GPS satellites where they are visible. INTRODUCTION It is clear that Global Positioning System (GPS) is good for navigation. GPS has many merits: It is accurate, cheap, easy to handle, and insensitive to weather. Many people think that they can know their positions with GPS ION GPS 2000, 19-22 September 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 103 receivers even though they are anywhere in the world. But, this is not strictly true. The line of sight (LOS) between user and satellites should be unobstructed for working with GPS. Its impossible to use GPS receivers between skyscrapers or indoors, even if many applications are desirable there. The first research on using pseudolites for an indoor navigation system was accomplished at Stanford a few years ago. They achieved successful results in Vehicle Rendezvous [5], formation flight [1] and GPS-Pseudolite augmentation system [6]. Especially, they succeeded in automatic control of balloons with Carrier phase Differential GPS (CDGPS) using pseudolite signals in a large indoor test bed [1]. A pseudolite is an electrical apparatus that transmits GPS-like signals. So, we can make a GPS-like radio navigation system by replacing satellites with pseudolites. In this paper, we introduce the indoor navigation system using pseudolites at Seoul National University (SNU) and show the significant results of static and dynamic experiments. The test bed at SNU is much smaller than that of Stanford; the condition is much worse in the sense of radio navigation because of multipath and the closeness of the pseudolites. But we still achieve the accuracy of 1-2 mm (1σ) on static and 5-15 mm (1σ) on dynamic test. This paper also introduces the methods for solving some practical problems with using pseudolites such as the near/far problem, time-tag error, multipath, and the calibration of pseudolite positions.
Stock Market Liberalization and Innovation

We investigate the impact of financial liberalization on technological innovation. Using a fixed effects identification strategy and a sample of 51 developed and emerging economies between 1980 and 2008, we find that external equity finance dependent industries exhibit a disproportionately higher level of innovation output after financial liberalization. The relaxation of financial constraints, the utilization of human capital, and the transmission of foreign technology are three plausible underlying economic channels through which financial liberalization promotes innovation. Our paper provides new insights into the real effects of financial liberalization on the economy and growth.
Does a Firm's Takeover Vulnerability Cause its Stock Price to Deviate from Random Walks?

This paper examines whether a firm's takeover vulnerability increases the scope of speculative noise trading for its stock. Specifically, the paper tests whether takeover vulnerability overly motivates investors to acquire and trade on private information and thus causes them to react even to non-information as if it were information; if so, then the stock price changes will be serially correlated. Using variance ratio, we find that the hypothesized pattern is indeed borne out by data but it is conditional on the quality of information environment. That is, a stock's deviation from random walks is larger when its takeover vulnerability is greater and its information environment is poorer. In a sufficiently good information environment, on the other hand, there is no evidence that takeover vulnerability causes speculative noise trading. All those patterns are observed only in individual stock returns and not at the portfolio level. The no-result with portfolios implies that the deviation from random walks observed in individual stock returns is driven by a firm-specific component and thus not explained by time-varying expected returns.
Quantitative measurement of regional cerebrovascular reactivity to acetazolamide using 123I-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine autoradiography with SPECT: validation study using H2 15O with PET.

UNLABELLED A simplified technique using (123)I-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine ((123)I-IMP) autoradiography (ARG) with SPECT has been proposed recently for quantifying regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). To validate the accuracy of (123)I-IMP-ARG for quantifying regional cerebrovascular reactivity (rCVR) to acetazolamide, we compared rCVR determined using (123)I-IMP-ARG with that determined using H(2)(15)O PET. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with chronic stenoocclusive disease in a unilateral major cerebral artery underwent SPECT and PET studies before and after intravenous administration of acetazolamide. The rCBF images in the 4 conditions in each patient were calculated according to the ARG method. The same standard input function and the same distribution volume of 35 mL/mL were used in the calculation of rCBF images using the (123)I-IMP-ARG method at resting state and with acetazolamide challenge. One large cortical region of interest (ROI) for a unilateral middle cerebral artery territory was bilaterally determined on each standardized summed rCBF image. On the basis of the rCBF values in each ROI, rCVR to acetazolamide was calculated as follows: rCVR (%) = ([acetazolamide challenge rCBF - resting rCBF]/resting rCBF) x 100. RESULTS Significant correlation was observed between rCVR values obtained using (123)I-IMP-ARG and H(2)(15)O PET methods in the 78 ROIs examined in the 39 patients (r = 0.820; P < 0.0001). When a rCVR lower than the mean - 2 SD of values obtained in healthy volunteers (18.4% for (123)I-IMP-ARG and 18.2% for H(2)(15)O PET) was defined as reduced, and when the H(2)(15)O PET method was assumed to represent the true determinant of rCVR, (123)I-IMP-ARG was 90% sensitive and 92% specific and displayed an 87% positive predictive value for detecting patients with reduced rCVR. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that (123)I-IMP-ARG methods accurately quantify rCVR and can adequately define subgroups of patients with reduced rCVR.