Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with non-participation in and dropout from cardiac rehabilitation programmes: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Background: Although evidence exists for the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation programmes to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease, cardiac rehabilitation programmes are underused. We aimed systematically to review the evidence from prospective cohort studies on factors associated with non-participation in and/or dropping out from cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Methods: MedLine, Embase, Scopus, Open Grey and Cochrane Database were searched for relevant publications from inception to February 2018. Search terms included (a) coronary heart disease and other cardiac conditions; (b) cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention; and (c) non-participation in and/or dropout. Databases were searched following the PRISMA statement. Study selection, data extraction and the assessment of study quality were performed in duplicate. Results: We selected 43 studies with a total of 63,425 patients from 10 different countries that met the inclusion criteria. Factors associated with non-participation in and dropout from cardiac rehabilitation were grouped into six broad categories: intrapersonal factors, clinical factors, interpersonal factors, logistical factors, cardiac rehabilitation programme factors and health system factors. We found that clinical factors, logistical factors and health system factors were the main factors assessed for non-participation in cardiac rehabilitation. We also found differences between the factors associated with non-participation and dropout. Conclusions: Several factors were determinant for non-participation in and dropout from cardiac rehabilitation. These findings could be useful to clinicians and policymakers for developing interventions aimed at improving participation and completion of cardiac rehabilitation, such as E-health or home-based delivery programmes. Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) identifier: CRD42016032973.
Visual outcomes, binocular vision and subjective accommodation after Crystalens HD accommodating intraocular lens implantation.

Objective To evaluate visual acuity, binocular vision and subjective accommodation in patients after Crystalens HD accommodating intraocular lenses (IOLs) or monofocal IOLs implantation. Material and methods 75 consecutive patients (aged 48 to 75 years) after bilateral cataract surgery with acrylic monofocal IOL (n = 36) or single-optic accommodating IOL (Crystalens HD) (n = 19) implantation and healthy presbyopic population (n = 20) were enrolled. Presence of asthenopic symptoms, diplopia and spectacle dependence was assessed. Orthoptic status, prism bar and amblyoscopic motor fusion, Frisby Near Stereotest, TNO and Titmus tests were performed. Convergence and subjective accommodation were evaluated using Krimsky-Prince rule. Results Asthenopic symptoms were present respectively in 36.1%, 15.8% and 35.0% of patients and spectacle dependency was reported by 86.1%, 21.1% and 85.0% of patients in subsequent groups. Negative fusional distance vergence means were 9.53 ± 5.53, 8.05 ± 3.66, 6.65 ± 5.33 respectively (p = .039). Negative fusional near vergence means were 26.53 ± 11.39, 28.68 ± 11.70, 20.75 ± 12.60 in subsequent groups (p = .001). Mean subjective right eye/ left eye accommodation was 5.01 ± 1.47/ 4.86 ± 1.72, 6.29 ± 2.33/ 6.02 ± 1.90, 4.13 ± 0.89/ 4.22 ± 1.3 respectively (p = .009). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in positive fusional vergence, stereoacuity and near point of convergence. Conclusions Bilateral accommodating IOL implantation provided full binocular vision in the majority of patients. Spectacle dependence and asthenopic symptoms were less frequent in patients with accommodating IOLs. Accommodating IOLs provided significantly better useful accommodation than monofocal IOLs.
When to eat and how often? 1,2

The effect of the timing of food intake on metabolism has been the subject of active investigation for (cid:1) 40 y. Indeed, whether it is “better” to eat many small meals a day is one of the questions most frequently posed by the lay public. Comparing the potential benefits of nibbling and of gorging has been the focus of much animal and human research, but no clear consensus has emerged (1–7). Simply put, the question of whether there is a health benefit from the consumption of multiple small meals will ulti-mately depend on how much energy is consumed, as opposed to how often or how regularly one eats. This possibility raises 2 questions. First, is it easier to overeat under a regimen of fre-quent, irregular meals? Second, how does the pattern of meal consumption affect metabolic health? These critical issues begin to be addressed in an article by Farshchi et al (8) in this issue of the Journal. Those authors investigated whether an irregular meal pattern (ie, irregular eating frequency) led to changes in daily energy intake and negative metabolic effects that could contribute to obesity and insulin resistance.
Nebulized Versus IV Amikacin: Systemic Antibiotics Treatment Modalities May Hamper Results.

dysregulated host response to infection” is roughly equivalent to the previously used “Severe Sepsis” (4). Retiring the term “severe sepsis” is an important step that attempts to parse apart physiologic versus dysregulated host response. Furthermore, within the new definitions proposed by the Sepsis-3 committee clinicians will likely be more precise in the critical task of identifying patients who face a high likelihood of mortality (2, 3). The Sepsis-3 committee demonstrates that the mortality of a SOFA score greater than 2 had a mortality rate of 10%, which increased to 25% when incorporating lactic acidosis (serum > 2 lactate mmol/L), whereas a SOFA score greater than 2 paired with hypotension requiring vasopressor infusion had a mortality rate of 30% that was increased to 42% if lactic acidosis was present. Within the Sepsis-3 article, they corroborate their data with two nonhomogenous datasets (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center [12 hospitals; 2010–2010; n = 5,984] and Kaiser Permanente Northern California [20 hospitals; 2019–201; n = 5,4135]) with consistent results showing a trend of increasing mortality (2, 3). The aforementioned mortality risk stratification is echoed by Sterling et al (1) who further validates the utility of the SOFA score by showing the mortality risk of a SOFA score greater than 2 cohort as 28% compared with 14% in a SOFA score less than 2 (3). One fact not well highlighted is that a SOFA score is not diagnostic for Sepsis, but that it is helpful with risk stratifying patients once the diagnosis is made. As a result, the principle concern regarding missing or underappreciating illness severity of Singer et al (2) is less substantive as sepsis should be already considered prior to SOFA scores being used. We feel that their data might best be considered a subgroup analysis as they are reusing a dataset from prior SIRS diagnostic studies in a prognostic analysis, thereby subjecting the conclusions to selection and confounding biases. As a result, we feel the most important conclusion seems consistent with, and has further expanded, the evidence base around SOFA scores. These data suggest that SOFA scores can be used as a tool to improve our capacity to deliver aggressive and appropriate care with increasing precision once a diagnosis of sepsis has been established. This work was performed at Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, WA The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Quantitative Assessment of Habitat Preferences for the Puerto Rican Terrestrial Frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui

Abstract We conducted a quantitative analysis of adult and juvenile Eleutherodactylus coqui (coquí) habitat preferences in Puerto Rico. The analysis consisted of two surveys: one to quantify potential habitat and another to quantify habitat use. Coquís were found to use most habitats available to them; however, adults and juveniles preferred different plant species, habitat structural components, and heights from the forest floor. Adult and juvenile coquís had opposite associations with many important plant species in the forest (e.g., Prestoea montana and Heliconia carabea) and habitat structural components. Adults had a negative association with leaves and a positive association with leaf litter. Juveniles showed the opposite trend. Adults were more evenly distributed with respect to height than were juveniles, with adults preferring heights around 1.1 m and juveniles preferring heights closer to the forest floor. The quantitative survey technique for determining habitat preferences used in this study generally confirmed coquí habitat preferences known from qualitative assessments.
Estimation of Object Elasticity by Capturing Fingernail Images During Haptic Palpation

In this study, we present a system that performs natural-touch-based elasticity estimation for an object by using a depth camera. To estimate elasticity, which is defined as an object's Young's modulus, a strain-stress curve is obtained from fingernail images during haptic palpation. From a color image, the proposed system detects a fingernail and extracts 10 feature values related to the contact force; then, it estimates the force using a multiple regression model. Deformation of the object was estimated from the finger's three-dimensional position obtained from both color and depth images. Then, a strain-stress curve was determined using the force and deformation data. Evaluation experiments were designed to obtain the strain-stress curves of five objects from 10 participants; then, the estimation performance was investigated. The results show that the reliable range of sensing was within Young's modulus values of 0.12-5.6 MPa and the precision of the measurement was 55 percent of the estimated elasticity.
DNA methylomes of bovine gametes and in vivo produced preimplantation embryos

Abstract DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that undergoes dynamic changes in mammalian embryogenesis, during which both parental genomes are reprogrammed. Despite the many immunostaining studies that have assessed global methylation, the gene-specific DNA methylation patterns in bovine preimplantation embryos are unknown. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we determined genome-scale DNA methylation of bovine sperm and individual in vivo developed oocytes and preimplantation embryos. We show that (1) the major wave of genome-wide demethylation was completed by the 8-cell stage; (2) promoter methylation was significantly and inversely correlated with gene expression at the 8-cell and blastocyst stages; (3) sperm and oocytes have numerous differentially methylated regions (DMRs)—DMRs specific for sperm were strongly enriched in long terminal repeats and rapidly lost methylation in embryos; while the oocyte-specific DMRs were more frequently localized in exons and CpG islands (CGIs) and demethylated gradually across cleavage stages; (4) DMRs were also found between in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes; and (5) differential methylation between bovine gametes was confirmed in some but not all known imprinted genes. Our data provide insights into the complex epigenetic reprogramming of bovine early embryos, which serve as an important model for human preimplantation development. Summary Sentence Genome-wide gene-specific DNA methylation in bovine sperm, oocytes and preimplantation embryos.
Optimal Transmission Estimation via Fog Density Perception for Efficient Single Image Defogging

Single image defogging algorithms based on prior assumptions or constraints have captured much attention because of their simplicity and practicality. However, they still have some challenges to deal with foggy images captured under weather conditions where these assumptions or constraints may not be effective or efficient enough. In this paper, we aim to develop a novel image defogging algorithm by directly predicting the fog density of recovered images rather than adopting prior assumptions or constraints. In order to achieve this goal, two specific steps are introduced. First, we adopt three fog-relevant statistical features derived from foggy images, and further develop a simple fog density evaluator (SFDE) by creating a linear combination of these fog-relevant features. This proposed evaluator can efficiently perceive the fog density of a single image without reference to a corresponding fog-free image and has a low computational load compared with an existing method. Second, a physics-based mathematical relationship between the transmission and the fog density score of the recovered image is developed via SFDE, thus image defogging can be posed as a minimization problem on the fog density score of the recovered image. As a result, two optimal transmission models, called an optimal transmission model via SFDE (OTSFDE) and a simpler optimal transmission models via SFDE (SOTSFDE), are present to determine the key transmission map for efficient fog removal. Compared to OTSFDE, SOTSFDE has low computational complexity with slight performance degradation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can effectively remove fog and are not confined by any assumptions or constraints, both quantitatively and qualitatively, compared with some existing algorithms.
Query K-means Clustering and the Double Dixie Cup Problem

We consider the problem of approximate $K$-means clustering with outliers and side information provided by same-cluster queries and possibly noisy answers. Our solution shows that, under some mild assumptions on the smallest cluster size, one can obtain an $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation for the optimal potential with probability at least $1-\delta$, where $\epsilon>0$ and $\delta\in(0,1)$, using an expected number of $O(\frac{K^3}{\epsilon \delta})$ noiseless same-cluster queries and comparison-based clustering of complexity $O(ndK + \frac{K^3}{\epsilon \delta})$, here, $n$ denotes the number of points and $d$ the dimension of space. Compared to a handful of other known approaches that perform importance sampling to account for small cluster sizes, the proposed query technique reduces the number of queries by a factor of roughly $O(\frac{K^6}{\epsilon^3})$, at the cost of possibly missing very small clusters. We extend this settings to the case where some queries to the oracle produce erroneous information, and where certain points, termed outliers, do not belong to any clusters. Our proof techniques differ from previous methods used for $K$-means clustering analysis, as they rely on estimating the sizes of the clusters and the number of points needed for accurate centroid estimation and subsequent nontrivial generalizations of the double Dixie cup problem. We illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm both on synthetic and real datasets, including MNIST and CIFAR $10$.
Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Stroke Prevention and Other Disorders

Stroke is the fifth‐most common cause of death and the leading cause of preventable adult disability in the United States. [1][1] In 2013, there were 6.5 million stroke‐related deaths worldwide accounting for 11.8% of total deaths. [2][2] Strokes cost $34 billion each year in the United States. [
Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks

We introduce Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks (BayesCNNs), a variant of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which is built upon Bayes by Backprop. We demonstrate how this novel reliable variational inference method can serve as a fundamental construct for various network architectures. On multiple datasets in supervised learning settings (MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and STL-10), our proposed variational inference method achieves performances equivalent to frequentist inference in identical architectures, while a measurement for uncertainties and a regularisation are incorporated naturally. In the past, Bayes by Backprop has been successfully implemented in feedforward and recurrent neural networks, but not in convolutional ones. This work symbolises the extension of Bayesian neural networks which encompasses all three aforementioned types of network architectures now.
Isolation, Diversity, and Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Endophytic Actinobacteria From Tea Cultivars Zijuan and Yunkang-10 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica)

Endophytic actinobacteria exist widely in plant tissues and are considered as a potential bioresource library of natural products. Tea plants play important roles in human health and in the lifestyles of Asians, especially the Chinese. However, little is known about the endophytic actinobacteria of tea plants. In this study, 16 actinobacteria of 7 different genera and 28 actinobacteria of 8 genera were isolated and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing from tea cultivars of Zijuan and Yunkang-10 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), respectively. The diversity of actinobacteria species from Zijuan were higher in July than December (6 vs. 3 genera), but the diversity of species from Yunkang-10 were higher in December than July (7 vs. 3 genera). No actinobacteria isolates were obtained from any tea cultivar in September. Ten isolates from Yunkang-10 exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one human pathogenic microorganism (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli), but none of the isolates from Zijuan exhibited antimicrobial activities. Fourteen strains were further exammined the genes of polyketide synthetase (PKS)-I and PKS-II and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). Brevibacterium sp. YXT131 from Yunkang-10 showed strong inhibitory activity against S. epidermidis, Sh. flexneri, and E. coli, and PKS-I and PKS-II and NRPS genes were obtained from the strain. In in vitro assays, extracts from 14 actinobacteria that were tested for antibiotic biosynthetic genes showed no inhibition of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced murine splenocyte proliferation. In in vivo assays, the crude extract of YXT131 modulated the immune response by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 p40 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the serum of mice. These results confirm that endophytic actinobacteria from tea plants might be an undeveloped bioresource library for active compounds.
Shaping program repair space with existing patches and similar code

Automated program repair (APR) has great potential to reduce bug-fixing effort and many approaches have been proposed in recent years. APRs are often treated as a search problem where the search space consists of all the possible patches and the goal is to identify the correct patch in the space. Many techniques take a data-driven approach and analyze data sources such as existing patches and similar source code to help identify the correct patch. However, while existing patches and similar code provide complementary information, existing techniques analyze only a single source and cannot be easily extended to analyze both. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic program repair approach that utilizes both existing patches and similar code. Our approach mines an abstract search space from existing patches and obtains a concrete search space by differencing with similar code snippets. Then we search within the intersection of the two search spaces. We have implemented our approach as a tool called SimFix, and evaluated it on the Defects4J benchmark. Our tool successfully fixed 34 bugs. To our best knowledge, this is the largest number of bugs fixed by a single technology on the Defects4J benchmark. Furthermore, as far as we know, 13 bugs fixed by our approach have never been fixed by the current approaches.
SCORS-G and Card Pull Effect of TAT Stories: A Study With a Nonclinical Sample of Children

Previous research has shown that stimulus pull is one of the contributory factors influencing Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) responses. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of studies examining this. In particular, the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale–Global Rating Method (SCORS-G) has been employed to examine stimulus pull in adult clinical and nonclinical samples. The present study is the first attempt to examine this issue in a nonclinical sample of children. Ninety-eight children from Italian elementary (1st to 5th grade) and middle (6th to 8th grade) schools provided narratives to six TAT cards (1, 2, 3BM, 4, 8BM, and 16). Some important findings with regard to variance within scales replicate prior findings from other studies. Furthermore, some findings regarding the specific nature of pull for particular TAT cards (1, 2, 3BM, and 4) replicate prior work. Given that Cards 8BM and 16’s SCORS-G stimulus properties have not been previously studied, the pull of these cards is explored. Last, SCORS-G differences/similarities across these two age groups are highlighted. Suggestions for further research in this field are also provided, particularly concerning the use of SCORS-G and TAT for clinical assessment.
Chinese Weibo sentiment analysis based on character embedding with dual-channel convolutional neural network

As one of the most compelling NLP(Natural Language Processing) tasks, sentiment analysis becomes more and more popular. In this paper, we have proposed a new method of sentiment analysis by using pre-trained character embedding with a dual-channel convolutional neural network (char-DCCNN) to comprehend the sentiment of Sina Weibo's Chinese short comments. First of all, we divide Chinese corpus into single Chinese characters which are then trained as character vectors. Characters that appear less frequently are randomly initialized. Then, the vector matrix representing the text is input into a two-channel convolutional neural network. The vector of one channel remains static (as a kind of global feature) and another is fine-tuned (as a kind of local feature) according to the input data. Finally we record the train performance, validation performance and the final average validation performance respectively to reflect the sentiment classification results. The dataset used in this paper is NLPCC2012 micro-blog sentiment analysis datasets and the reviews of sports, film, social and other fields crawled from Sina Weibo. The 10-fold cross-validation will be employed. Three experiments are done to show the good performance of our method through three aspects — embedding, activation function, channel. In all, the char-DCCNN that we have put forward improves the sentiment classification results of Weibo Chinese short comments and possesses practical significance.
Scalable Input-to-State Stability for Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Networks

This letter investigates networks of interconnected systems and introduces the notion of “scalable input-to-state stability” (sISS). This concept is based on input-to-state stability (ISS) and can be interpreted as an extension of the well-known concept of string stability from simple line graphs to general graphs. It guarantees that the trajectories of all states are bounded at all times independently of the network’s size and structure and can hence be regarded as an important performance notion. Further, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee sISS of homogeneous networks with well-defined interconnection structures. In fact, the conditions depend on local ISS Lyapunov functions but guarantee the global condition of sISS. Hence, a first step is made towards developing suitable extensions of string stability to general networks. Two examples are discussed to illustrate the theoretical result.