Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working-Memory Performance 1 Running head: WORKING-MEMORY PERFORMANCE The Evidence for A Guessing State in Working-Memory Judgments

We present the results of four experiments designed to assess whether there is a guessing component to visual working memory, where guessing refers to responses that do not reflect the presented stimuli. The presence of guessing is important because such components are intimately consistent with discrete-slot view of WM and inconsistent with many competing views. We use the production paradigm from Zhang and Luck (2008, Nature, 453, 233-235), except our stimuli, which differ in angular displacement, are free to vary only within a restricted range rather than across all angles. As a result, guesses take on a distinctive pattern: when people guess they tend to select either a stereotypical clockwise or counter-clockwise position, and indeed this pattern is observed across all experiments. We formally fit a large number of discrete-slot and distributed-resource models and find that modified discrete-slot models outperform distributed-resource models in all experiments. One novel phenomenon we find is coarse encoding. Either items are encoded with fine-grain metric information, or they are encoded coarsely up to a categorical value (e.g., a stereotypical clockwise or counter-clockwise orientation). Implications for future theoretical developments are discussed.
Mind-Body Practice by Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of mind-body practice by persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and analyze the relationship of age, sex, clinical course of MS, level of incapacity, and time elapsed from MS diagnosis. The study included 120 patients with MS who underwent inpatient rehabilitation at the Lipik Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation in the period from May 1, 2015 to October 10, 2015. For the purposes of the study, a semi-structured questionnaire on the current usage of mind-body procedures was applied. Closed ended questions referred to the use of the following procedures: meditation, deep-breathing exercises, hypnotherapy, yoga, biofeedback, chiropractic, massage, refl exology, bioenergy, and magnetic therapy. The studied patients were divided into two groups according to whether they practiced or did not practice mind-body procedures. Comparison of the variables was performed using Student’s t-test and a Pearson correlation test. At the time of the study, 37 (30.8%) MS patients reported currently practicing one or more mind-body procedures. Respondents most commonly were practicing meditation (n=13; 10.8%), followed by massage (n=10; 8.3%), acupuncture (n=7; 5.8%), bioenergy healing (n=7; 5.8%), magnetic therapy (5; 4.2%), chiropractic (n=5; 4.2%), yoga (n=3; 2.5%), tai chi (n=2; 1.7%), and refl exology (n=1; 0.8%). There was no statistically signifi cant difference according to age (p=0.520), sex (p=0.448), EDDS score (p=0.489), disease duration (p=0.963) and disease course (p=0.932) between the groups of respondents practicing and those not practicing mind-body procedures. Regarding the widespread use of various mind-body procedures, there is a need to actively monitor MS patients in order to provide them with guidance when using these procedures.
Pantocsekiella, a new centric diatom genus based on morphological and genetic studies

The paper is dedicated for 100th death anniversary of the famous Hungarian diatomologist Jozsef Pantocsek (1846-1916). Previous morphological studies showed that the description of the Cyclotella genus was too general and according to new morphological criteria new genera were established based on both recent and fossil taxa (e.g. Discostella, Handmannia, Puncticulata, Tertiarius). Furthermore, previous molecular biological investigations proved that the Cyclotella genus was not monophyletic. Integrating the above mentioned knowledge the former Cyclotella genus has been split into 4 genera (Cyclotella s.s., Discostella, Tertiarius and Lindavia). Based on the position of rimoportula Lindavia genus was formed for involving the species of both the Cyclotella ocellata and C. bodanica lineages. Our morphological and molecular (genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses of rbcL and 18S rDNA sequences) investigations suggested that "Lindavia/Cyclotella ocellata group" could be raised from the Lindavia as a separate genus. Its distinctive morphological features are the followings: striae unequal in length, central area without areolae. We describe the new genus Pantocsekiella gen. nov. and we transferred several Lindavia taxa into it. We also provide an amended diagnosis for the genus Lindavia.
Computed tomography bone density in Hounsfield units at dental implant receiving sites in different regions of the jaw bone

Background: Determination of local bone mineral density (BMD) with cortical thickness and bone height may offer a comprehensive description of the bone the surgeon will encounter when he or she actually sets the implant. Quantitative computed tomography (CT) (i.e., quantitative interpretation of values derived from Hounsfield units with a suitable calibration procedure) is the modality of choice to determine BMD. The aim of the present clinical study is to determine the local bone density in dental implant recipient sites using computerized tomography. Material and method: The sample consisted of (72) Iraqi patients whom referred to Al-Kharkh General hospital, Spiral CT scan Department for bone quality and quantity assessment after one week of dental implants insertion, the average of bone density was measured for 120 areas indifferent sectors of maxilla and mandible in Hounsfield unite. Results: As a mean, males show higher bone density than females, decreased with increased age significantly, mandible show significantly higher bone density than maxilla. Maxilla revealed no significant difference between the three sectors, while in the mandible there was significant difference between posterior sector (613.1HU)and both anterior (821.3 HU) and premolar sectors (779.6 HU) with no significant difference between anterior and premolar sectors. Conclusion: CT-Scan may provide a valuable aid to predict bone quality at potential implant sites and could be used to assess the change of bone density around dental implants.
TRAJECTORIES AND CORRELATES OF COMMUNITY CHANGE IN NO-TAKE MARINE RESERVES

Marine reserves are a spatial approach to marine management and conservation aimed at protecting and restoring multispecies assemblages and the structure and function of marine ecosystems. We used meta-analyses of published data to address the questions of how and over what time frames marine assemblages change within no-take marine reserves as they recover from fishing and other human uses. We used 20 studies of coastal fish assemblages from 31 temperate and tropical locations, reporting abundances, and in some cases biomass, of 10–134 species from reserve and reference conditions (i.e., conditions in nearby fished sites or before reserve establishment) spanning 1–25 years of protection. Synthesis of data from these diverse sets of assemblages showed that: (1) a species' level of exploitation, trophic level, and the duration of protection through the no-take reserve explain small but significant amounts of variation in individual species responses to protection, with only species that are targeted by fishing or by aquarium trade showing overall enhanced abundances in protected areas, and increasing positive effects of protection on abundances at top trophic levels through time; (2) up to a third of species in different studies (19% on average) appeared to be negatively affected by protection, indicating that indirect effects of protection through competitive or predatory interactions may be common; and (3) variation and lags in species responses to protection resulted in protected assemblages diverging from reference conditions, with greater proportions of total fish biomass at top trophic levels in protected compared to fished assemblages. These results indicate that marine reserves are effective in enhancing local abundances of exploited species and restoring the structure of whole communities, though these changes occur through a series of transient states and, for some communities, over long time frames (decades). In contrast with the more predictable increases of aggregate community variables such as total abundance and biomass, individual species and community structure exhibited broad variation in their responses to protection. Marine protected areas represent multiple human-exclusion “experiments,” replicated in a variety of ecosystem types and geographic locations, providing key insights on community-wide impacts of the removal of human extraction. Long-term monitoring of community trajectories in marine protected areas and modeling studies scaling up local effects to relevant spatial and temporal scales are needed to increase our ability to protect and restore whole marine systems and to set realistic targets for the conservation and restoration of specific assemblages.
PERFORMANCE AND SURVIVAL OF PERENNIAL RICE DERIVATIVES (ORYZA SATIVA L./ORYZA LONGISTAMINATA) IN LAO PDR

SUMMARY Genotype by environment (G x E) interactions for grain yield were investigated in 13 perennial rice (Oryza sativa L./Oryza longistaminata) derivatives over three sites and 2 years in Lao PDR. Genotype accounted for 29.0% of the total sum of squares, with environment and the G x E interaction responsible for 60.2 and 10.8%, respectively. Cluster analysis identified three environment and six genotype groups, which accounted for 49.7, 98.0 and 42.8% of the E, G and G x E sums of squares, respectively. Principal component axes 1, 2 and 3 accounted for 54.0, 30.6 and 11.7% of the G x E sum of squares, respectively, with PCA1 indicating yield potential, PCA2 timing of cessation of rainfall in the 2011 wet season, and PCA3 environmental stresses affecting regrowth in the 2012 wet season. Genotype groups differed in adaptation to these contrasting conditions. G6 (Line 213, 240 and RD23) was widely adapted to all environments, with G5 (Line 248) being especially adapted to the 2012 environments. G3 and G4 were neutral, though G3 (Line 53) showed some preference for the Na Pok environments. G1 and G2 were poorly adapted everywhere, with the tall and late G1 (Line 11) being especially poor at Na Pok 2011 in a dry finish. While yields were lower in 2012, all derivatives survived the dry season with access to life-saving irrigation. This is promising, as the annual rice RD23 was unable to ratoon under these conditions, and had to be re-sown. Importantly, Line 213, 240 and 248 yielded comparably to RD23 from regrowth in 2012. Development of perennial rice should target rainfed and especially upland environments.
CRNOGORSKA AKADEMIJA NAUKA I UMJETNOSTI GLASNIK ODJELJENJA PRIRODNIH NAUKA, 18, 2009. QERNOGORSKAYA AKADEMIYA NAUK I ISSKUSTV

An elastoplastic analysis of spherical and cylidrical void growth under uniform tension is presented. The stress dependence on the void size is derived for an ideally plastic and an incompressible elastic– linearly hardening material, accurate to first order in the ratio of the plastic hardening rate and the elastic modulus. The critical stress is calculated at which an unstable cavitation takes place for selected material properties. The implications to spalling strength of strong ductile materials are discussed, with a particular referral to nanocrystalline materials processed by severe plastic deformation and characterized by exceedingly high values of the hardening rate. Relationship to earlier work on the subject is also given. ∗Prof. dr V.A. Lubarda, The Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, 81000 Podgorica, SCG, and University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0411, USA. †Prof. dr M.A. Meyers, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0411, USA. 2 Lubarda and Meyers O PLASTIČNOM PORASTU PRAZNINA U ČVRSTIM MATERIJALIMA
Moving to Opportunity and Tranquility: Neighborhood Effects on Adult Economic Self-Sufficiency and Health from a Randomized Housing Voucher Experiment

We study adult economic and health outcomes in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) demonstration, a randomized housing mobility experiment in which families living in high poverty U.S. public housing projects in five cities were given vouchers to help them move to private housing units in lower-poverty neighborhoods. An "experimental" group was offered vouchers valid only in a low-poverty neighborhood; a "Section 8" group was offered traditional housing vouchers without geographic restriction; a control group was not offered vouchers. Our sample consists largely of black and Hispanic female household heads with children. Five years after random assignment, the families offered housing vouchers through MTO lived in safer neighborhoods that had significantly lower poverty rates than those of the control group not offered vouchers. However, we find no significant overall effects on adult employment, earnings, or public assistance receipt -- though our sample sizes are not sufficiently large to rule out moderate effects in either direction. In contrast, we do find significant mental health benefits of the MTO intervention for the experimental group. We also demonstrate a more general pattern for the mental health results using both treatment groups of systematically larger effect sizes for groups experiencing larger changes in neighborhood poverty rates. In our analysis of physical health outcomes, we find a significant reduction in obesity, but no significant effects on four other aspects of physical health (general health, asthma, physical limitations, and hypertension), and our summary measure of physical health was not significantly affected by the MTO treatment for the overall sample.
A Bayesian analysis of mixture structural equation models with non-ignorable missing Data

In behavioral, biomedical, and social-psychological sciences, it is common to encounter latent variables and heterogeneous data. Mixture structural equation models (SEMs) are very useful methods to analyze these kinds of data. Moreover, the presence of missing data, including both missing responses and missing covariates, is an important issue in practical research. However, limited work has been done on the analysis of mixture SEMs with non-ignorable missing responses and covariates. The main objective of this research is to develop a Bayesian approach for analyzing mixture SEMs with an unknown number of components, in which a multinomial logit model is introduced to assess the influence of some covariates on the component probability. Results of our simulation study show that the Bayesian estimates obtained using the proposed method are accurate, and the model selection procedure via a modified DIC is useful in identifying the correct number of components and in selecting an appropriate missing mechanism in the proposed mixture SEMs. A real data set related to a longitudinal study of polydrug use is employed to illustrate the methodology.
Ferroelectricity at the nanoscale

The properties of ferroelectrics at the nanoscale are reviewed. The term nanoscale is here related to the ferroelectric film thickness (which is by an order of magnitude the size of the critical domain nucleus). The three aspects considered are ferroelectric switching, the scaling of the coercive field, and the bulk photovoltaic effect. While ferroelectricity at the nanoscale has a twenty-year history of study, it is only in the last few years that perovskite ferroelectric films have become a focus of interest.
The Habitable Zone Gallery

The Habitable Zone Gallery is a new service to the exoplanet community that provides habitable-zone (HZ) information for each of the exoplanetary systems with known planetary orbital parameters. The service includes a sortable table with information on the percentage of orbital phase spent within the HZ, planetary effective temperatures, and other basic planetary properties. In addition to the table, we also plot the period and eccentricity of the planets with respect to their time spent in the HZ. The service includes a gallery of known systems that plot the orbits and the location of the HZ with respect to those orbits. Also provided are animations that aid in orbit visualization and provide the changing effective temperature for those planets in eccentric orbits. Here, we describe the science motivation, the underlying calculations, and the structure of the World Wide Web site.
Coronary Heart Disease Circulating Visfatin Level at Admission is Associated with Occlusion of the Infarct-Related Artery in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objective: Visfatin is a cytokine that is expressed in many tissues, including the heart, as a myokine, and is proposed to play a role in plaque destabilization in acute myocardial injury. We investigated whether visfatin is associated with occlusion of the infarct-related artery (IRA) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The plasma visfatin levels of fifty-nine consecutive patients with acute STEMI were measured by a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Results: The plasma visfatin levels at admission were found to be elevated in patients with acute STEMI compared to healthy patients with normal coronary arteries. Patients in the occluded IRA group had higher visfatin levels compared with patients in the patent IRA group. Increasing concentrations of visfatin were independently and significantly associated with a high risk of IRA occlusion. The plasma visfatin levels correlated with the peak CK-MB and peak troponin I levels. The receiver operator characteristics curve of visfatin showed that a visfatin level of > 22.3 ng/mL was associated with IRA occlusion. Conclusion: In addition to the association between visfatin and IRA occlusion, the visfatin levels were positively associated with cardiac enzymes; thus, visfatin level may be closely related to myocardial damage.
Human exploitation of seabirds in coastal southern Chile during the mid-Holocene

We analyzed a collection of 738 bird bones, representing a minimum of 71 individuals, found in a settlement of hunter-gatherers from the mid-Holocene, 5,000 years BP, in the coastal locality of Chan Chan, southern Chile. The camp was inhabited for over ca. 500 years, during which time a steady hunting pressure on the local marine resources was exerted, particularly on seabirds. The most abundant taxon (bones/number of individuals) was the red-legged cormorant Phalacrocorax gaimardi (551/44) which was also the prey which provided the highest edible proportion of body mass. Albatrosses Thalassarche cf. melanophris (103/12) and shearwaters Puffinus cf. griseus (20/5) were secondary prey. Cormorants were presumably hunted at their breeding colonies (which are still present in the area) so it is probable that egging also occurred. Because they are pelagic, albatrosses could have been hunted at sea, but the adequate technology for this (boats, hooks) is not apparent in the archaeological record. The bird assemblage obtained in the sample does not qualitatively differ from that of the present, indicating a reasonable stability in species richness from the considered period until the present. The high diversity of coastal resources in Chan Chan was likely important in leading to the, at least seasonal, occupation of these areas by hunter-gatherers and also may have encouraged the development of the adequate technology for the exploitation of these resources.
Filtering Turbulent Sparsely Observed Geophysical Flows

Abstract Filtering sparsely turbulent signals from nature is a central problem of contemporary data assimilation. Here, sparsely observed turbulent signals from nature are generated by solutions of two-layer quasigeostrophic models with turbulent cascades from baroclinic instability in two separate regimes with varying Rossby radius mimicking the atmosphere and the ocean. In the “atmospheric” case, large-scale turbulent fluctuations are dominated by barotropic zonal jets with non-Gaussian statistics while the “oceanic” case has large-scale blocking regime transitions with barotropic zonal jets and large-scale Rossby waves. Recently introduced, cheap radical linear stochastic filtering algorithms utilizing mean stochastic models (MSM1, MSM2) that have judicious model errors are developed here as well as a very recent cheap stochastic parameterization extended Kalman filter (SPEKF), which includes stochastic parameterization of additive and multiplicative bias corrections “on the fly. ” These cheap stochasti.
The formation of spiral galaxies: adiabatic compression with Young's algorithm and the relation of dark matter haloes to their primordial antecedents

We utilize Young's algorithm to model the adiabatic compression of the dark matter haloes of galaxies in the THINGS survey to determine the relationship between the halo fit to the rotation curve and the corresponding primordial halo prior to compression. Young's algorithm conserves radial action and angular momentum, resulting in less halo compression than more widely utilized approximations. We find that estimates of the parameters of NFW haloes fit to the current dark matter distribution systematically overestimate the concentration and underestimate the virial velocity of the corresponding primordial halo. It is the latter that is predicted by dark matter simulations; so accounting for compression is a necessary step for evaluating whether massive galaxies are consistent with dark matter-only simulations. The inferred primordial haloes broadly follow the c-V200 relation expected in a Λcold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmogony, but often scatter to lower concentrations. We are unable to obtain fits at all for those galaxies whose current dark matter haloes are poorly described by the NFW form. We thus find a mixed bag: some galaxies are reasonably well described by adiabatic compression within a primordial NFW halo, while others require an additional mechanism that reduces the density of dark matter below the primordial initial condition.
ON REGULARIZATION METHODS FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF PARABOLIC CONTROL PROBLEMS WITH POINTWISE STATE CONSTRAINTS

In this paper we study Lavrentiev-type regularization concepts for linear-quadratic parabolic control problems with pointwise state constraints. In the first part, we apply classical Lavrentiev regularization to a problem with distributed control, whereas in the second part, a Lavrentiev-type regularization method based on the adjoint operator is applied to boundary control problems with state constraints in the whole domain. The analysis for both classes of control problems is investigated and numerical tests are conducted. Moreover the method is compared with other numerical techniques.