Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driving Ability According to German Guidelines in Stabilized Bipolar I and II Outpatients Receiving Lithium or Lamotrigine

Mobility is pivotal in modern societies to maintain independence and take part in activities of daily life. Health issues may have a functional impact on mobility behavior. A meta‐analysis pointed out an almost doubled risk for psychiatric patients being involved in road‐traffic accidents. Moreover, it has been estimated that about 10% of killed or injured victims in road‐traffic accidents were under the influence of psychotropic medication. The disorder itself may impair driving behavior. Several studies reported cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder not only during manic or depressive episodes but also during periods of euthymia with distinct impairments of executive function, verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and sustained attention. The causes of these impairments seem to be multifactorial. Amongst others, neuroimaging studies hint at the enlargement of the lateral ventricles and changes in hippocampal and temporal lobe volume. Treatment with mood stabilizers also may affect cognitive functions. Lithium for example impairs short‐ and long‐term memory and psychomotor functions not only in healthy controls but also in bipolar patients. However, a recent meta‐analysis delineated only few negative effects of lithium on cognition and no increased risk of traffic accidents was found in subjects after being exposed to lithium, except for young female drivers. The newer anticonvulsant lamotrigine seems to have a better neurocognitive profile especially when compared with other anticonvulsants. So far, there is only little research available on bipolar patients’ fitness to drive under mood stabilizers. Hence it would be important to examine the driving ability of stable bipolar patients receiving lithium or lamotrigine.
Unprotected left main stenting in the real world: five-year outcomes of the French Left Main Taxus registry.

AIMS Limited long-term data are available to support drug-eluting stent (DES) unprotected left main (LM) intervention. We sought to evaluate long-term outcomes of LM intervention with paclitaxel-eluting stents. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective multicentre registry, 291 patients with unprotected LM stenosis underwent percutaneous revascularisation with the TAXUS® Express® stent, using a consistent technical approach for both ostial/shaft and bifurcation lesions (provisional side branch stenting). At five years (n=263), the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and cardiac death were 23.6% and 12.5%, respectively. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 16 patients (6.1%), definite stent thrombosis in 0.4%, and target lesion revascularisation (TLR) was required in 10.3%. Patients with distal LM lesions requiring two-stent procedures had increased MACE compared with those with single-stent interventions (34.1% vs. 17.8%, p=0.009). This was primarily driven by an increased incidence of cardiac death (18.2% vs. 8.5%, p=0.05). Diabetes was associated with increased TLR and was an independent predictor of MACE at five years (odds ratio [OR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-3.99, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the long-term safety and efficacy of the TAXUS® DES in unprotected LM stenting. Diabetes and the need for a second stent in distal LM interventions were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes.
Effect of vasopressin on hemodynamic variables, organ blood flow, and acid-base status in a pig model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Based upon the hypothesis that vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) may increase vascular resistance during ventricular fibrillation, the effects of this potent vasoconstrictor were studied in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. Vasopressin therapy was compared to epinephrine by randomly allocating 14 pigs to receive either 0.045 mg/kg of epinephrine (n = 7) or 0.8 U/kg of vasopressin (n = 7) after 4 min of ventricular fibrillation and 3 min of open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, myocardial blood flow before and 90 s and 5 min after drug administration was 57 +/- 11, 84 +/- 11, and 59 +/- 9 mL.min-1 x 100 g-1 (mean +/- SEM) in the epinephrine group, and 61 +/- 5, 148 +/- 26, and 122 +/- 22 mL.min-1 x 100 g-1 in the vasopressin group (P < 0.05 at 90 s and 5 min). At the same times, mean cardiac index was not significantly different between the groups. After drug administration, coronary venous PCO2 was significantly higher and coronary venous pH was significantly lower in the epinephrine as compared to the vasopressin group. All pigs in both groups were resuscitated and survived the 2-h observation period. We conclude that vasopressin improves vital organ perfusion during ventricular fibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Vasopressin seems to be at least as effective as epinephrine in this pig model of ventricular fibrillation.
Allowable received OTDR light power for in-service measurement in lightwave SCM systems

To measure in-service optical transmission lines in optical video distribution systems using subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) techniques, we clarify how measurement light from an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) affects the signal transmission performance when the light enters an optical network unit (ONU). We describe the additional noises induced when OTDR light is injected into the ONU and analyze the relationship between received OTDR light power and carrier-to-noise ratio. Moreover, we use the analysis to provide a technique for estimating the allowable received light power in lightwave SCM systems and show the dominant factors determining this allowable power. Finally, by using the estimation technique, we clarify the required rejection ratio for a filter designed to prevent OTDR light from entering ONU's in wavelength division multiplexing systems.
Breast cancer treatment outcome with adjuvant tamoxifen relative to patient CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes.

PURPOSE The clinical outcome of tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients may be influenced by the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes that catalyze the formation of antiestrogenic metabolites endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We investigated the predictive value of genetic variants of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and three other cytochrome P450 enzymes for tamoxifen treatment outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA from 206 patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy and from 280 patients not receiving tamoxifen therapy (71 months median follow-up) was isolated from archival material and was genotyped for 16 polymorphisms of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5 by matrix-assisted, laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and by copy number quantification. Risk and survival estimates were calculated using logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Tamoxifen-treated patients carrying the CYP2D6 alleles *4, *5, *10, *41-all associated with impaired formation of antiestrogenic metabolites-had significantly more recurrences of breast cancer, shorter relapse-free periods (hazard ratio [HR], 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.33; P = .02), and worse event-free survival rates (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.25; P = .02) compared with carriers of functional alleles. Patients with the CYP2C19 high enzyme activity promoter variant *17 had a more favorable clinical outcome (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.92; P = .03) than carriers of *1, *2, and *3 alleles. CONCLUSION Because genetically determined, impaired tamoxifen metabolism results in worse treatment outcomes, genotyping for CYP2D6 alleles *4, *5, *10, and *41 can identify patients who will have little benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. In addition to functional CYP2D6 alleles, the CYP2C19 *17 variant identifies patients likely to benefit from tamoxifen.
Pathophysiology of drowning *

The submerged victim Although death comes quickly and in a very unsubtle way, there are several ways in which subjects diewhile in the water. " Brain death is the end-result, but the first link in the chain may be cerebral hypoxia, carbon dioxide narcosis, laryngeal spasm, reflex lung changes, or vagal cardiac inhibition. In a pedantic sense, some define true drowning as death caused by the aspiration of fluid into the air passages. Death caused by laryngeal spasm, reflex pulmonary changes, or vagal cardiac effects might be more correctly termed "death from submersion"; rather than from drowning. In freshwater drowning, it hasbeenknown for 30years":" that large volumes of water can pass across the alveolar-capillary interface.13 The volumes of water inhaled by a submerged victim may be relatively small. Depth is no guide; children, intoxicated and epileptic subjects, and those with cervical and headinjuries can drownin veryshallow water. In some cases, the submerged victim inhales large volumes of water; however, there is no evidence that the increase in blood volume is beyond the capacity of the heart and kidney to compensate for this potential fluid overload. ' The heart compensates for this with the basic reflexes of Starling's law, and the Bainbridge reflex. All forensic pathologists subscribe to the theory of "dry drowning" in humans. Thisis a condition of fatalcerebral hypoxia brought about by inadequate ventilation which isnot caused by mechanical blockage of the bronchi by the drowning fluid, usually water,but rather by laryngeal spasm, or deleterious lung reflexes.i" or mechanical blockage by mucus and froth. The frequency of dry drowning is variously estimated to be from 10% to 20%. "'4 There isgoodexperimental evidence to supportthe phenomenon of "dry drowning". " In the experimental drowning
Survival following bilateral staple lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Despite numerous reports of short-term response to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for treatment of emphysema, to our knowledge, longer-term survival has not been reported. We describe survival following LVRS in a large cohort of 256 patients treated with bilateral staple LVRS (n = 236 video-assisted thoracic surgery [VATS] approaches, n = 20 median sternotomy) by a single group of physicians over a 3 1/2-year period from April 1994 to November 1997. DESIGN Prospective survival study. Overall survival, survival stratified by preoperative presentation, and acute postoperative response were investigated using Kaplan-Meier methods. The simultaneous effects of preoperative predictors and postoperative response variables on survival were examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. SETTING Community hospital and university medical center. PATIENTS We studied 256 consecutive patients with severe emphysema treated with LVRS. INTERVENTIONS Bilateral staple LVRS by VATS. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Overall survival information was known with certainty for 246 of 256 patients as of February 1, 1998. Median follow-up time was 623 days (range, 0 to 1,545 days). Mean FEV1 was 0.635L+/-0.015 L preoperatively and rose to 1.068L+/-0.029 L postoperatively. By standard analysis methods (missing patients censored at the time of last contact), 1-year survival was 85+/-2.3% compared with 83+/-2.4% 1-year survival with "worst case" analytic methods (assuming all missing patients died). Two-year survival averaged 81+/-2.7% by standard analysis vs 76+/-2.9% by worst case evaluation. Survival was significantly better for patients who were younger (< or = 70 years old, p = 0.02) and with higher baseline FEV1 (> 0.5, p < 0.03) and PO2 (> 54, p < 0.001). Patients who had greatest short-term improvement in FEV1 following surgery (> 0.56 L increase) also had significantly better longer-term survival following LVRS. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first longer-term survival analysis of a large series of patients who underwent bilateral staple LVRS for emphysema. Substantial long-term mortality is seen, particularly within identifiable high-risk subgroups. Careful comparison to comparably matched control patients will be needed to definitively assess the benefits and risks of LVRS. This study suggests that prospective, controlled trials may need to stratify patient randomization based on preoperative risk factors to obtain meaningful results.
The role of voltage-gated chloride channels in type II pyrethroid insecticide poisoning.

Pyrethroids act on mammalian sodium channels, but we have previously shown that low concentrations of the type II pyrethroid deltamethrin also decrease the open channel probability (P(o)) of voltage-gated chloride channels. This effect would be expected to amplify the sodium channel-mediated signs of poisoning produced by pyrethroids. In the present study we evaluated potential chloride channel agonists in vitro, and then tested the most effective of these on pyrethroid-poisoned rats to determine the practical significance of chloride channel effects in vivo. Patch clamp experiments showed that, for voltage-gated maxi chloride channels in excised, inside-out patches from mouse N1E 115 neuroblastoma cells, ivermectin (10(-7) M) and pentobarbitone (10(-6) M) significantly increased open channel probability (p </= 0.01 and p </= 0.02, respectively), whereas phenobarbitone, hexobarbitone, mephobarbitone, thiopentone, and barbituric acid did not. This suggested that, if chloride channels were important in vivo, ivermectin and pentobarbitone should antagonize type II pyrethroid poisoning and phenobarbitone should not. Male F344 rats were then pretreated with ivermectin (4 mg/kg iv), equisedative doses of either pentobarbitone (15 mg/kg ip) or phenobarbitone (45 mg/kg ip), or solvent controls. This was followed by deltamethrin (1.5 or 2 mg/kg iv) or the type I pyrethroid cismethrin (4 mg/kg iv). Ivermectin produced a marked fall in deltamethrin-induced salivation (p </= 0.05) and also (in anesthetized rats) in repetitive electromyogram discharge and muscle twitch (p </= 0.01 and p </= 0.05, respectively). Pentobarbitone significantly reduced the motor signs score due to deltamethrin (p </= 0.01). Ivermectin therefore protected against the peripheral signs of deltamethrin poisoning and pentobarbitone protected against the central signs. As expected phenobarbitone had no protective effects. The motor signs produced by the type I pyrethroid cismethrin (which does not act on chloride channels) were not diminished by either barbiturate. The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor blocker PK11195 did not diminish the protective action of ivermectin on the muscle twitch (p </= 0.05), although it partially reversed the block of salivation (p </= 0.05). These results support the hypothesis that the voltage-dependent chloride channel is a toxicologically significant additional site of action for deltamethrin and that the use of chloride channel agonists can provide a rationale for a novel and effective therapy against type II pyrethroid poisoning.
A possible theory for the interaction between convective activities and vortical flows

Abstract. Theoretical studies usually attribute convections to the developments of instabilities such as the static or symmetric instabilities of the basic flows. However, the following three facts make the validities of these basic theories unconvincing. First, it seems that in most cases the basic flow with balance property cannot exist as the exact solution, so one cannot formulate appropriate problems of stability. Second, neither linear nor nonlinear theories of dynamical instability are able to describe a two-way interaction between convection and its background, because the basic state which must be an exact solution of the nonlinear equations of motion is prescribed in these issues. And third, the dynamical instability needs some extra initial disturbance to trigger it, which is usually another point of uncertainty. The present study suggests that convective activities can be recognized in the perspective of the interaction of convection with vortical flow. It is demonstrated that convective activities can be regarded as the superposition of free modes of convection and the response to the forcing induced by the imbalance of the unstably stratified vortical flow. An imbalanced vortical flow provides not only an initial condition from which unstable free modes of convection can develop but also a forcing on the convection. So, convection is more appropriately to be regarded as a spontaneous phenomenon rather than a disturbance-triggered phenomenon which is indicated by any theory of dynamical instability. Meanwhile, convection, particularly the forced part, has also a reaction on the basic flow by preventing the imbalance of the vortical flow from further increase and maintaining an approximately balanced flow.
Molecular and morphological consilience in the characterisation and delimitation of five nematode species from Florida belonging to the Xiphinema americanum-group

Taxonomic keys and original descriptions were used to identify 26 Xiphinema americanum-group populations from Florida comprising X. georgianum (eight populations), X. citricolum (six), X. floridae (six), X. laevistriatum (five) and X. tarjanense (one). Principal component analysis of a subset of 19 morphometric characters accorded with the species designations; discriminant analysis of six characters assigned 93% (111 of 119) of the specimens to the correct putative species. A phylogeny of these populations estimated from analyses of rDNA sequences (ITS and D2D3) was also congruent with species designations from taxonomic keys and PCA. The D2D3 sequences revealed very little intraspecific variation whereas each population sampled produced a unique ITS sequence. Intraspecific variation in the suites of character code values from polytomous keys resulted mainly from minor discrepancies between population character means and reported character ranges for the species. We show that, for these taxa, species delimitation based on the requirement that sister taxa evolve autapomorphies distinguishes intraspecific variation from phylogeny and, as applied to molecular characters, delimits the same taxa as those predicted by morphological keys and PCA.
Fetal Growth Retardation And Its Relationship To Maternal Blood Lead Levels, Antioxidants And Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Lead intoxication in human being has been documented since the second century BC and its deleterious effects continue to be a major health hazard for the population, it is demonstrated that lead exposure might decrease the defense mechanism of the cell to the oxidative stress, and therefore, elevate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which enhance vascular reactivity. Since vitamin E (Vit. E) and vitamin C (Vit. C) are natural antioxidants, changes in their status may reflect alterations in free radical production rate and their concentrations are biological markers of oxidative stress. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal blood lead levels and the antioxidants Vit.E and Vit.C in a step to understand the mechanism of action of lead and its possible influence on maternal blood pressure and fetal growth at the lower community exposure levels. The study included, 42 patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) with or without proteinuria, 31 patients with fetal growth retardation (FGR) and 23 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. We demonstrated that, the maternal blood lead levels were significantly high in the PIH (30.5 ±0.978 μg/dl) and FGR groups (28.87 ±1.21 μg/dl) as compared with the uncomplicated pregnancy group (17.82 ±110μg/dl) at P≤0.00l Vit.E concentrations were significantly lower in both PIH and FGR (0.941 ±0.033 mg/dl and 0.866 ± 0.055 mg/dl respectively) when compared with normal group (2.00±0.085 mg/dl). Regarding Vit.C in the 2 studied groups there was significantly low levels in PIH group (0.772 ±0.030 mg/dl and FGR (0.847 ±0.039 mg/dl) in comparison with control group (l.23 ±0.06 mg/dl). We observed significant negative correlation between maternal blood lead levels and Vit.E in PIH and FGR group. A significant negative correlation was also observed between maternal lead levels and Vit.C in both studied groups. We concluded that high blood lead levels in pregnancy are associated with low Vit.E , Vit.C, FGR and PIH. Such association or relationship could not be causal and more longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the link between lead, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and pregnancy complications. This study may help in raising our consciousness of our environment and the need to protect us. The lack of effective and safe treatments for low-level intoxication has to promote environmental intervention to control different sources of lead to reduce lead burden among women and their newborns and to protect the fetus from other intrauterine toxic exposure that might be injurious.
Posttranscriptional modulation of gene expression in cultured rat hepatocytes

The maintenance of high levels of two liver-specific mRNAs in cultured hepatocytes was achieved in a serum-free hormonally defined cell culture medium. However, this maintenance of liver-specific mRNA levels did not correlate with the level of transcription of the genes but was apparently due to increased stabilization of the tissue-specific mRNAs. The mRNA stabilization did not occur in serum-supplemented medium. In both defined and serum-supplemented medium, actin and tubulin mRNAs were also greatly increased, in both cases predominantly if not entirely due to increased mRNA stability.
Eighth nerve alcoholic neuropathy: A case report with light and electron microscopic findings

Abstract A 55-year-old man with symptoms of hearing loss, balance disturbance, and facial weakness was treated by translabyrinthine eighth cranial nerve trans-section. The patient also had a history and physical signs of chronic alcoholism and peripheral polyneuropathy. Results of laboratory tests revealed concomitant nutritional deficiency. Histopathological examination of the eighth nerve showed extensive degeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in both cochlear and vestibular divisions. Light and electron microscopic features of the degenerative process were compatible with previously described pathology of experimentally induced Wallerian-like degeneration. Alcoholic neuropathy as the cause of hearing loss and balance disturbance—and probably facial paresis—is suggested.
Glycogen levels in the rat myometrium at the end of pregnancy and immediately postpartum.

The glycogen content of the myometrium of the pregnant rat was found to increase dramatically just prior to parturition. At this time glycogen concentrations were similar to those in skeletal muscle and much greater than those in uteri from rats on Days 18 and 20 of pregnancy and in uteri from nonpregnant, cycling rats or ovariectomized, estrogen treated rats. Parturition, when allowed to occur naturally or when induced by oxytocin infusion, significantly reduced myometrial glyco- gen. These results suggest that glycogen may serve as an important source of energy in the mainte- nance of uterine contractions during labor. A large store of glycogen may be of particular impor- tance when blood flow in the uterus is reduced by strong myometrial contractions. 1957;