Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en mujeres de una zona urbana

OBJECTIVES: The main aim was to calculate the prevalence of mental pathology in women between 18 and 70 in a Health District of Pamplona; second, to describe comorbidity and to analyse how mental pathology was recorded in the clinical histories. DESIGN: An observational crossover study with randomised selection. SETTING: A community study in the Txantrea quarter of Pamplona, covering 21,590 inhabitants, with 7605 women between 18 and 70. PATIENTS: Randomised sample, stratified by age, of 237 women between 18 and 70 taken from the 1991 Census. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In a face-to-face interview at the Health Centre, the DIS Questionnaire, which diagnoses mental illness, was administered to all participants. A check was made to see if mental pathology was recorded in their clinical history. The prevalence of mental illnesses, mainly Phobias and Depression, in the "last year of life" was 33.3% (27.5-39.5), which fell to 24.9% (19.7-30.7) when tobacco abuse was excluded. The most common pathologies were: Depression (17.3%), Tobacco dependency (17.3%), simple Phobia (14.8%), Agoraphobia (13.5%), social Phobia (8.9%) and post-traumatic stress (8.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the high psychological morbidity in these urban women can contribute to the development of Mental Health Promotion and Prevention Programmes and foment fuller mental health training for Primary Care professionals.
Energy Potential Study of Some Tropical Wood Species from Nigeria

Aims: To carry out experimental study of the energy potential of some tropical wood species. Study Design: It involved sample collection, experimental analysis and numerical validation of the obtained calorific values. Place and Duration of Study: National Centre for Energy Research and Development (NCERD), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria between November 2016 and September 2018. Methodology: Wood waste (saw dust) from ten (10) selected tropical wood species sourced from sawmills in Benin City, Nigeria were subjected to proximate analysis, ultimate analysis as well as energy content study. Results: Thermal conversion characteristics of low ash content (0.2 – 2.76%), very high volatile matter (87.51 – 90.94%), low moisture content (8.62 – 10.53%.), relatively high carbon, hydogen and oxygen contents as well as low nitrogen and sulphur contents were observed. Obtained calorific values were validated using three already existing correlations. Conclusion: Among the 10 species studied, Afzelia africana (Apa) was found to be best suited for energy generation while Triplocyton scleroxylon (Obeche) was found to be least suited.
Heterogeneity of the Tutleim formation (West Siberia)

Nowadays due to depletion of the west Siberian resource base, the research of unconventional reservoirs has become relevant. One of such objects is the Bazhenov formation and its analogues. In this paper, according to the results of the complex petrographic and geochemical studies, the nature of heterogeneity of the Tutleim formation was clarified. It was specified that investigated fragment of the section has two main lithotypes with clear mineralogical features. The alternation of the lithotypes in the section indicates cyclical deposition of sediments. This information and the results of XRF analysis have made it possible to divide section in details and distinguish four stages of development of the Tutleim formation. Each of these stages has certain physical and chemical parameters.
Red blood cells and plasma harvested from cord blood of preterm and term infants: Sterility and indicators of quality for early retransfusion

Objective: Even though red blood cells from cord blood (CB) have been investigated for many years for the purpose of autologous retransfusion to newborns this technique is still far from clinical routine. In severely ill neonates fresh frozen plasma from donors is frequently transfused for volume expansion or as a source of coagulation factors, but autologous plasma transfusion has not been described. Methods: We investigated 35 CB preparations of preterm and term newborns for sterility and fast provision of either red blood cell concentrate (RBC) or plasma with respect to quality of both components and time needed for bacterial testing. CBs and 34 control RBCs from regular blood donors were collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution (CPD). RBCs and plasma were prepared in sodium-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM). Swabs were taken from the placenta for cultivation of bacteria. Quality of stored blood was assessed in RBCs on day 0, 3, 8, 14 and 42, respectively, and tests for activated coagulation were done in
Fibrinogen Concentration and Thrombin Levels in Pregnant Women in Nnewi, Anambra State, South, Eastern Nigeria.

This study was aimed at looking at the influence of pregnancy on fibrinogen concentration and thrombin time (TT) levels. A total of 195 pregnant women between 18 and 35 years were recruited, 59 were in their first trimester (group A), 61 second trimester (group B) and 75 the third trimester (group C). A total of 150 apparently healthy non pregnant women were used as normal control (group D). Blood samples which was collected from each of the participants after obtaining informed consent was tested for the fibrinogen concentration using Clauss method and thrombin time using two stage method. The study was approved by Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Ethical Committee Nnewi. ANOVA and students t-test were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that fibrinogen concentration (mg/dL) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in group A, B and C as compared with the control group. TT (s) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in group A, B and C compared with the control group. This study therefore suggests that the increase in these coagulation factors observed are due to increased thrombin generation, inflammatory state of pregnancy and fibrinogen being an acute-phase protein. It is important to obtain a baseline of these parameters for all pregnant women during antenatal visits, in order to detect any abnormality early. Key words: Fibrinogen concentration, thrombin time and pregnancy.
Evaluating and improving sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer and melanoma patients

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Maternal outcomes following introduction of antiretroviral therapy in the public sector: a prospective study at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape.

Background. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been available in the public sector since 2004, but limited published data exist on maternal outcomes in South Africa following its introduction. Objectives. A prospective study of maternal outcomes after the introduction of ART at Frere Hospital, East London, E Cape. Methods. Pregnant women with indications for lifelong ART were commenced on treatment, and followed up until 6 weeks after delivery. Baseline demographic details were collected, including details on the gestation and mode of delivery. The mothers and their infants were then referred to local ART centres for continued care. Maternal outcomes measured were maternal death, and predefined maternal morbidity. Results were analysed using Epi-info software version 3.3. 2 (2005). Results. Data on 385 women are presented. The women initiated ART at a median age of 28 years. Median gestation at commencement of ART was 30 weeks. The median CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) were 173 cells/μl and 4.56 log10 copies/ml, respectively. Fifty-five (14.3%) and 19 women (4.9%) had World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3 and stage 4 disease, respectively. Twenty-five (6.5%) were concurrently on treatment for tuberculosis (TB) while 10% had other co-infections – meningitis, hepatitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurred in 7.0% of cases, and pre-eclampsia developed in 7.5%. Median gestation at delivery was 39 weeks. Seven maternal deaths (1.8%) occurred in this cohort. All 7 women died in the postpartum period. Five women died within 5 weeks of commencing ART. Two women died of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) and another 2 died from liver failure – 1 death was presumed to be from lactic acidosis related to stavudine (d4T) toxicity. The 3 remaining deaths were due to PCP IRIS, meningitis and TB, respectively. The strongest predictor of maternal death was WHO stage 4 disease (p=0.0006). Maternal plasma VL >5.00 log10 copies/ml, pre-eclampsia, IRIS, concurrent ART and tuberculosis treatment, and CD4 count Conclusion. Despite the availability of ART in the public sector, maternal mortality remains a concern. Reasons include late entry of pregnant women into care, as well as suboptimal management of women initiated on ART who develop opportunistic infections. There is an urgent need to develop national ART guidelines specifically for pregnant women.
The effect of nurse initiated paracetamol on emergency department patients with pain from low acuity injury

Early identification and management of pain was identified at the commencement of this study as a key area requiring research in emergency departments. Prolonged waiting times for analgesia especially, was highlighted in the National Institute of Clinical Studies emergency department collaborative in 2003. Many barriers exist for a patient to receive analgesia. In Western Australia this is compounded by the legislation which restricts prescribing rights for nurses. Three considerations guided the development of the research project. Firstly, the patient has initial contact with the emergency department from the nurse at triage. Secondly, paracetamol was recognised as a potentially effective analgesic that a nurse could administer in the study hospital without having to first seek a medical prescription. Finally, the group of patients who waited the longest for any pain relief were those with low acuity presentations placed in the waiting room until medical review. Within this group, patients with musculoskeletal injury to limbs were identified as the most likely to gain benefit from determining the effectiveness of paracetamol as a means of pain relief for their injury. No literature was identified at the commencement of the study which examined the effectiveness of paracetamol administered at triage by nurses for patients with recent musculoskeletal injury. A prospective quasiexperimental design was used with a comparison group. The setting was an emergency department in a metropolitan tertiary teaching hospital of 955 beds located across two campuses. A convenience sample of patients was selected to receive either of two treatments. The first group received standard care (SC) consisting of rest, ice, compression and elevation of affected limb. The second group received standard care (SCP) plus the administration of one gram of oral paracetamol. The two main outcomes for the study were pain and satisfaction with treatment in the waiting room. Pain outcomes were measured at three time points, presentation, pretreatment and 45 minutes post treatment. Satisfaction was measured upon the patient leaving the waiting room or at two hours depending on which occurred first. The two groups were similar in terms of background characteristics except for the Australasian triage score (ATS) in which case the SCP group had 33 patients with an ATS of four and seven patients with an ATS of five, compared to the SC group having all patients with an ATS of four. Chi square analysis was performed and revealed a significant difference (Fishers exact test, p = .012). Differences existed iii
Adverse events following immunization: Knowledge and experience of mothers in immunization centres in Enugu State, Nigeria

Background : The rapid improvement in immunization services has resulted in significant decline in infant and childhood mortality and morbidity associated with vaccine preventable disease. However, because these diseases have become less visible, the public tends to be more concerned with adverse events following immunization (AEFI) than with the threat of the disease itself. Aim : To asses the knowledge of AEFI among mothers and also to determining the prevalence, the most common antigen associated with AEFI and mother’s responses to the adverse reactions. Method : This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of the mothers who brought their children for immunization in three randomly selected immunization centers in Enugu Urban. A systematic sampling method was used to select 331 mothers. An informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire with open and closed ended questions. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi-info version 3.3 software package. Results : Two hundred and seventy-three (82.5%) studied knew that fever is a possible adverse event. Pain and swelling at the site of injection was identified by 77 (23.3%), rash 10.3%, convulsion 3.9% boils 3.0% paralysis / weakness of limbs 2.7% and ulcers 0.6%. Among the 331 mothers, 220 (66.5%) had experienced adverse reactions following immunization of their children. The most commonly reported adverse reaction by these mothers were fever 199 (90.4%), pain / swelling 61 (27.7%), rashes and convulsion 6 (2.7%) each. Ulcer was reported by 2(0.9%) while collapse and paralysis were reported by 1(0.5%) each. Two hundred and five (93.2%) of these reactions out of the reported 220(66.5%) occurred within 24 hours. The antigens responsible as identified by the mothers were DPT 176(80.0%), HBV 37(16.8%), BCG 36(16.4%), OPV 21(9.5%), measles 12(5.5%), yellow fever 10(4.5%) and CSM 7(3.2%). About 190(57.4%) of the mothers responded to these reactions by giving the child paracetamol, 31(21.1%) stopped further immunization temporarily, while 43(19.5%) took the child to hospital. Two (0.9%) of the mother each either took their children to native doctors or gave native mixtures. Sixty-two (88.6%) of those temporarily stopped immunization re-started after a while. Conclusion : The mothers had a fair knowledge of the possible adverse reactions following immunization and actions to take when such occurs. The most reported reactions were associated with DPT and occurred within 24hours of vaccination. Some of the women subsequently did not complete immunization of the affected children. Therefore, health education should be regularly organized for these women on the appropriate actions to be taken when adverse reactions uccur to dispel false rumours, emphasizing the fact that immunization programmes are still one of the safest and most effective health intervention.
“Whirlpools” and “Safe Harbors” in the Dynamics of Industrial Specialization in Russian Regions

This article analyzes sectors of specialization and sectoral dynamics in the regions of the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2015. The study is based on the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory in the 2016 edition as revised by the authors. It proposes a typology of regions depending on the number of specialization industries and the depth of sectoral development: agglomeration, diversification, specialization, and differentiation. Four types of specializations are identified based on the depth of their development and distribution among Russian regions: national leadership, distribution, concentration, and niche development. The authors implemented an approach to study regions through alternative scenarios of sectoral development over a ten-year period: occurrence, strengthening, extinction, and disappearance. The study identifies various structural models that combine the implementation of the described scenarios in relation to various specializations within a particular region. It is shown that the scale and intensity of structural changes largely depends on the region’s proximity to millionaire cities but does not always directly affect economic growth rates. The authors introduce the concepts of “sinkholes”, “streams”, and “safe harbors”, which describe the types of regions with a different type of structural changes that occur depending on the presence or proximity of the millionaire city.
HER2 status and efficacy of adjuvant anthracyclines in early breast cancer: A pooled analysis of randomized trials

Study selection Published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy with non-anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy and reported efficacy data in the treatment of early breast cancer were eligible for inclusion. Eligible trials had to have randomly assigned patients and report hazard ratios for disease-free and overall survival according to HER2 (studies were also included if these could be calculated from study data).
Injuries are the Predominant Cause of Deviation in the Health of Working Equines in and Around Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia External

A total of 404 working equines 205 horses, 148 donkeys and 51 mules were the study subjects to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for the occurrence of external injuries (wound) in equines in Gondar town, Maksegnet and Chilga districts of North Gondar Zone. The study revealed an overall prevalence of 50.7% external injuries. Species difference was highly significant (χ2 = 9.3, P < 0.05%). Higher prevalence was recorded in horses (58%) than that of mules (47.1%) and donkeys (41.9%). Age was statistically significant (χ2= 29.7, p<0.05) and higher prevalence was noticed in animals over 15 years of age (85.5%) than that of the others age groups [11-15] (57.7%), [6-10] (49.8%) and in ≤5 (3.8%). Type of service was found statistically significant (χ2= 6.5, p<0.05) in equines used for transportation of load (55.1%) than those used for transportation of people (41.5%). Harnessing material affect significantly for the occurrence of injuries (χ2=17.08, p<0.05). Plastic harnessing materials were found causing more injury (60%) than those used leather (39.1%). Injuries were found more severe in mules (79.2%) than in horse (65.5%) and donkeys (59.7%). Injuries caused by improper harnessing were more prevalent in horses (58.8%) than mules (50%) and donkeys (35.5%). The proportion on the distribution of injuries on body parts was higher on the back (33.2%) than in other body parts. This study showed that external injuries were the major health problem of working equines in and around Gondar town. Hence comprehensive equine health and welfare promotion program is crucial to lessen the problem.
Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently regarded as a general disease with pulmonary starting point. Extra-thoracic manifestations are associated with the disease such as cachexia, skeletal muscle dysfonctionnment, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and anemia. Very few studies have focused on evaluating the frequency of peripheral neuropathy in patients with COPD. Methods Eighty subjects were included in the study. The COPD group comprised 40 male smokers with stable disease and 40 age-matched healthy, non smokers, male volunteers served as the control group. All subjects underwent pulmonary function testing and electroneuromyography. Individual patients in the COPD group having abnormal amplitude and/or conduction velocity in any one or more nerves beyond the range of mean ± 2 standard deviations were selected as having the significant peripheral neuropathy. Results: Seven out of 40 COPD patients had peripheral nerve impairment on electrophysiological evaluation. In these patients, only one patient reported sensory symptoms of tingling kind to members. Peripheral neuropathy was often sensitive and predominated in the lower members. Its occurrence is correlated with the degree of smoking intoxication, the length of COPD and the depth of hypoxemia. Conclusion Peripheral neuropathy is frequent in COPD patients and it is often subclinical.
Compliance of diabetic patients with the prescribed clinical regimen

Objectives This study aimed at studying the prevalence of noncompliance among diabetic patients in Gharbia governorate in Egypt as well its causes, its effect on glycemic control, and factors affecting it. Background There is growing evidence suggesting that because of the alarmingly low rates of compliance, increasing the effectiveness of compliance interventions may have a great impact on the health of the population. Promotion of therapeutic compliance is considered an integral component of patient care. It has been shown that despite effective methods of treatment, many diabetic patients fail to achieve satisfactory glycemic control, which leads to accelerated development of complications and increased mortality. Patients and methods A total of 339 diabetic patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in the present study. Compliance to treatment was evaluated during patients’ visits to health units in Gharbia governorate. Medication compliance was assessed during a personal interview with each patient using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results In the study population, the compliance rates were observed to be suboptimal. The most important social factors that significantly affected compliance rates included age, income, and educational level. Among the factors that significantly affected compliance rates were duration of treatment, presence of diseases other than diabetes, and the number of prescribed drugs. Another factor that played an important role was diabetes care costs. The most common reasons for low rates of compliance were forgetfulness and high cost of treatment. Conclusion An improvement in the compliance level may be achieved through improvement of patients’ economic levels as well as reduction in the cost of medication. The number of drugs and doses should be reduced as much as possible through continuous research involving doctors and pharmaceutical companies.