Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical sensor performance in the SOCCOM profiling float array

The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) program has begun deploying a large array of biogeochemical sensors on profiling floats in the Southern Ocean. As of February 2016, 86 floats have been deployed. Here the focus is on 56 floats with quality controlled and adjusted data that have been in the water at least 6 months. The floats carry oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence, and optical backscatter sensors. The raw data generated by these sensors can suffer from inaccurate initial calibrations and from sensor drift over time. Procedures to correct the data are defined. The initial accuracy of the adjusted concentrations is assessed by comparing the corrected data to laboratory measurements made on samples collected by a hydrographic cast with a rosette sampler at the float deployment station. The long-term accuracy of the corrected data is compared to the GLODAPv2 data set whenever a float made a profile within 20 km of a GLODAPv2 station. Based on these assessments, the fleet average oxygen data are accurate to 1±1%, nitrate to within 0.5±0.5 µmol kg−1, and pH to 0.005±0.01, where the error limit is 1 standard deviation of the fleet data. The bio-optical measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and optical backscatter are used to estimate chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon concentration. The particulate organic carbon concentrations inferred from optical backscatter appear accurate to with 35 mg C m−3 or 20%, whichever is larger. Factors affecting the accuracy of the estimated chlorophyll a concentrations are evaluated.
IMPROVEMENT OF LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION CLINICAL VALUE OF PROTOCOL BIOPSY

1. Bense S, Vangel R, Szederkényi E, Marofka F, Szenohradszky P Noninvazív perctérfogat monitorizálás (ODM-II) veseátültetések során. Non-invasive monitoring of the cardiac output (ODM-II) during kidney transplantation. A Magyar Sebész Társaság 53. Kongresszusa, Szeged, 1996. Magy Seb. 1996; 49: 130 2. Marofka F, Szenohradszky P, Csajbók E, Szederkényi E, Morvay Z, Iványi B, Ormos J. Ultrahang vizsgálat és biopszia szerepe és helye vesetranszplantáció után The role of sonography and biopsy after kidney transplantation A Magyar Sebész Társaság 53. Kongresszusa, Szeged, 1996. Magy Seb. 1996; 49: 128 3. Szenohradszky P, Marofka F, Szederkényi E, Túri S, Németh I, Sághy L. A vörösvértest glutathion és a hemoglobin ocidáció vizsgálata vesetranszplantált betegek krónikus rejekciójában. Study of the blood-corpuscule glutathion and haemoglobin oxidation in chronic rejection of the transplanted kidney A Magyar Sebész Társaság 53. Kongresszusa, Szeged, 1996. Magy Seb.1996; 49: 126 4. Szenohradszky P, Marofka F, Szederkényi E, Túri S, Sághy L. A thrombocyta funkció vizsgálata vesetranszplantáltak krónikus rejekciójában Study of the thrombocyte function in chronic rejection of the transplanted kidney A Magyar Sebész Társaság 53. Kongresszusa, Szeged, 1996. Magy Seb. 1996; 49: 129 5. Szederkényi E, Farkas G, Szenohradszky P. A transzplantáció hatása a cukoranyagcserére. The effect of transplantation on the sugar metabolism Fiatal Diabetológusok III. Országos Találkozója, Szeged, 1997. Diabet Hung. 1997; 5: (Suppl. 1.) 25
Fractional Calculus of the Generalized Wright Function

The paper is devoted to the study of the fractional calculus of the generalized Wright function pΨq(z) defined for z ∈ C, complex ai, bj ∈ C and real αi, βj ∈ R (i = 1, 2, · · · p; j = 1, 2, · · · , q) by the series
Effect of regional tectonic setting on local fault response to episodes of volcanic activity

In this study we examine the interaction of tectonic and volcanically‐generated stress fields, and their combined effect on patterns of volcanotectonic (VT) seismicity, by calculating Coulomb stress changes on local faults induced by a constant dike inflation event in a background stress field of systematically varying magnitude and orientation. We find that patterns of VT seismicity (earthquake locations and fault‐plane solutions) resulting from dike inflation depend strongly on the relative strength and orientation of background tectonic stresses. Patterns of VT seismicity similar to those predicted by our Coulomb stress models have been observed at several recently active volcanoes, and appear to correspond to the relative strength of the regional stress field. Thus, it is critical to consider the regional tectonic setting when interpreting patterns of VT seismicity in terms of magmatic processes.
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Synchronous and asynchronous theta and gamma activity during episodic memory formation JN-RM-2057-12R1

Although it has been hypothesized that neural oscillations synchronize to mediate memory formation, direct evidence linking oscillatory phase-synchrony to successful memory encoding is limited. Using electrocorticography (ECoG) recorded from 68 neurosurgical patients participating in a free recall task, we compared phase-synchrony and spectral power during successful versus unsuccessful encoding using a region of interest approach and a graph theoretic metric. During successful memory encoding, theta synchrony increased in the left prefrontal cortex immediately after word presentation. Following this encoding related increase in theta synchrony we observed decreases in theta synchrony, and theta power, in both the prefrontal cortex as well as more widespread brain regions. Whereas gamma power increased during successful memory encoding, increases in gamma synchrony were limited to a small network in the right peri-sylvian region. In the left hemisphere, where gamma power displayed maximal increases during encoding, gamma activity was more asynchronous than expected by chance, contrary to theoretical predictions concerning the role of gamma power during memory formation. Our results demonstrate the dissociation between spectral power and phase-synchronous oscillations, and highlight the need to directly assess network interactions when interpreting the electrophysiologic correlates of cognitive functions.
What are the determinants of health care expenditure? Empirical results from Asian countries

This paper uses panel data to identify the determinants of health care expenditure in twelve Asian countries (i.e. Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) for the period of 1995-2008. The empirical results indicated that only two independent variables (GDPit and POP65it) have significant relationship with health care expenditure in these countries. These two variables are positively correlated with the amount of health care expenditure. In other words, when the countries’ income is larger, the amount of health care expenditure is larger. When the share of ageing population in the total population is higher, again the amount of health care expenditure is larger.
Assessment of Haemato-biochemical Parameters and Therapeutics on Brucella Infected Cattle

Brucellosis is a contagious systemic bacterial disease of livestock. Antibiotics commonly being used have limited efficacy against the disease. In the present study, therapy with antibiotics on Brucella infected cattle was performed and subsequently haemato-biochemical parameters, detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in both serum and milk by different diagnostics and shedding of Brucella in milk were assessed. Treatment with antibiotics; streptomycin and long acting tetracycline alone and in combination were given for four weeks. Hb, TEC, TLC, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes count, AST, ALT and SD values were lower whereas, PCV, serum glucose, total protein, albumin and creatinine were higher in Brucella infected cattle. Treatment with combination therapy showed promising results in these animals. Haemato-biochemical parameters were become near to normal in most of animals that received combination therapy. However, not all animals were returned to normal after treatment but a significant numbers in combination therapy were reduced anti- Brucella antibody titre, both in serum and milk. The level of shedding of Brucella in milk had also gone undetectable.
Sexual and contraceptives attitudes the locus of health control and self-esteem among higher education students.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between sexual and contraceptive attitudes the locus of health control and self-esteem among students of a private institution of higher education. Methods: Descriptive and correlational study with a quantitative approach performed in a higher education school in Lisbon with 152 students from the 1st to the 4th year of undergraduate courses in Nursing Physiotherapy Cardiopneumology and Radiology. As research instrument it was used a questionnaire with rating scales on ‘sexual attitudes’ ‘contraception attitudes’ ‘locus of health control’ and ‘self-esteem’. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The majority of students (90.7%) have already had sexual intercourse. Sexual attitudes were influenced by gender (p=0.0035) but not by the start of sexual activity or by the course’s year (p>0.05). Contraceptive attitudes were related to the year that students attended (p=0.031) and to gender (p=0.029). The external locus of control on average was higher among girls (29.2) than boys (30.1). The self-esteem increased with the student’s age (p=0.003). Conclusion: Investment in the area of sexual education is needed in the undergraduate programs since the young people live their days in the school setting spending little time with their families. The university should assume a special position in the development of the concept of sexuality based on the holistic perspective of the human being promoting sexual education as essential in the construction of human identity and fundamental for health promotion.
Asthma as a cause of death

Mortes causadas por asma sao incomuns, mas, mesmo assim, respondem por cerca de 287.000 obitos anuais mundialmente. Embora as taxas de mortalidade por asma venham diminuindo em diversos paises, ha grande disparidade na mortalidade por asma no mundo. A maior parte das mortes esta relacionada ao manejo clinico subotimo. Fatores frequentemente envolvidos com asma quase fatal e fatal incluem historia previa de crises quase fatais, intubacao/ventilacao mecânica previa, hospitalizacao ou admissao em UTI, falta de adesao ao tratamento, percepcao falha de dispneia, disturbios psicologicos e nivel socioeconomico baixo. Na autopsia, os pulmoes de pacientes que morreram de asma estao geralmente hiperinflados e os bronquios maiores e menores ocluidos por muco. Os achados histologicos incluem descolamento epitelial, espessamento da lâmina reticularis da membrana basal, glândulas submucosas e musculo liso aumentados e composicao alterada da matriz extracelular nas vias aereas grandes e pequenas. A inflamacao bronquica e generalizada, sendo proeminente na camada adventicia das pequenas vias. Os mecanismos que levam a morte na asma nao estao claros. O espasmo potente da musculatura lisa e a producao excessivade muco parecem ser os eventos chave que culminam em morte. Uma exacerbacao aguda pode ser mortal em pacientes com asma mal controlada e subtratada e que tenham alteracoes estruturais nas vias aereas pre-existentes (AU)
FUNCTIONAL TOPOLOGY

Introduction. The present paper gives the fundamental existence proof for a homotopic critical point under hypotheses which are less stringent than those employed in the author's recent fascicule on functional topology and abstract variational theory [2], This relaxation of hypotheses seems to be necessary if one is to extend the variational theory in the large to non-regular problems. Non-regular integrals include some of the most important and interesting integrals such as the Jacobi least action integral in the three body problem of celestial mechanics. The author believes that a topological basis for the planetary orbits will be disclosed by studying the contour manifolds of this Jacobi integral. The results of this paper will be used to extend the theory in the large to non-regular problems in two papers by Morse and Ewing.
The Effect of Perspective on Unethical Behavior

In two experiments, we explored how the perspective through which individuals view their decisions influences their moral behavior. To do this we employed a computerized “Is that the answer you had in mind? ” trivial-pursuit style game. The game challenges individuals’ integrity because cheating during play cannot be detected. Perspective, whether local or global, was manipulated: In Experiment 1 the choice procedure was used to evoke a local or an integrative perspective of one’s choices, whereas in Experiment 2, perspective was manipulated through priming. Across all the experiments, we observed that when given an incentive to cheat, the adoption of a local perspective increased cheating, as evidenced by overall higher reported success rates. These findings have clear implications for explaining and controlling behavior in other situations (e.g., exercising, dieting) in which the perspective one takes is a matter of choice.
Public Goods, Social Pressure, and the Choice between Privacy and Publicity

We model privacy as an agent's choice of action being unobservable to others. An agent derives utility from his action, the aggregate of agents' actions, and other agents' perceptions of his type. If his action is unobservable, he takes his full-information optimal action and is pooled with other types, while if observable, then he distorts it to enhance others' perceptions of him. This increases the public good, but the disutility from distortion is a social cost. When the disutility of distortion is high (low) relative to the marginal utility of the public good, a policy of privacy (publicity) is optimal. (JEL D82, H41)
Gorenstein Hilbert Coefficients

We prove upper and lower bounds for all the coefficients in the Hilbert Polynomial of a graded Gorenstein algebra $S=R/I$ with a quasi-pure resolution over $R$. The bounds are in terms of the minimal and the maximal shifts in the resolution of $R$ . These bounds are analogous to the bounds for the multiplicity found in \cite{S} and are stronger than the bounds for the Cohen Macaulay algebras found in \cite{HZ}.
THE NAT FISCA

Fiscal decentralisation has played a significant role in the development of China’s economy over the past three decades. Yet there has been only limited analysis of the way in which decentralisation might affect variables such as welfare, output and income at the aggregate level and none at the regional level. This paper makes a contribution to redressing this lack by analysing the aggregate and regional effects of various policies which aim to change the balance between fiscal activities of the national and regional governments. We do this within a small theoretical model designed to capture some of the features of the Chinese economy. The model is solved numerically based on a parameterisation using Chinese data. We analyse four different simulations, all of which involve a cut in central government expenditure and a transfer of resources to the regional governments. The policies which we simulate differ according to the assumed reaction of the regional governments: (1)they adjust expenditure on the consumption good, (2) they adjust infrastructure expenditure, (3) they maximise the welfare of the representative citizen, and (4) they maximise the size of their own budget. We find that the aggregate economic effects of decentralisation depend on the precise nature of the policy and that aggregate benefits may often mask a deterioration in the inter-regional distribution of those benefits. (220 words)
Operant Behavior

WE are interested in the behavior of an organism because of its effects on the environment. (One effect on the social environment is, of course, the arousal of our interest.) Some effects seem to throw light on the behavior which produces them, but their explanatory role has been clouded by the fact that they follow the behavior and, therefore, raise the specter of teleology. An attempt has been made to solve the problem by creating a cpntemporary_^uxmgate of a given effect. A quality or property of purpose is assigned to behavior to bring "what the organism is behaving for" into the effective present, or the organism is said to behave in a given way because it intends to achieve, or expects to have, a given effect, or its behavior is characterized as possessing utility to the extent that it maximizes or minimizes certain effects. The teleological problem is, of course, not solved until we have answered certain questions: What gives an action its purpose, what leads an organism to expect to have an effect, how is utility represented in behavior? The answers to such questions are eventually to be found in past instances in which similar behavior has been effective. The original problem can be solved directly in the same way. Thorndike's Law of Effect was a step in that direction: The approximately simultaneous occurrence of a response and certain environmental events (usually generated by it) changes the responding organism, increasing the probability that responses of the same sort will occur again. The response itself has passed into history and is not altered. By emphasizing a-daange-in-th&jjrganism, Thorndike's principle made it possible to include the effects of action among the causes of future action without using concepts like purpose, intention, expectancy, or utility. Up to that time, the only demonstrable causes of behavior had been antecedent stimuli. The range of the eliciting stimulus
Effects of foliage clumping on the estimation of global terrestrial gross primary productivity

Sunlit and shaded leaf separation proposed by Norman (1982) is an effective way to upscale from leaf to canopy in modeling vegetation photosynthesis. The Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) makes use of this methodology, and has been shown to be reliable in modeling the gross primary productivity (GPP) derived from CO2flux and tree ring measurements. In this study, we use BEPS to investigate the effect of canopy architecture on the global distribution of GPP. For this purpose, we use not only leaf area index (LAI) but also the first ever global map of the foliage clumping index derived from the multiangle satellite sensor POLDER at 6 km resolution. The clumping index, which characterizes the degree of the deviation of 3‐dimensional leaf spatial distributions from the random case, is used to separate sunlit and shaded LAI values for a given LAI. Our model results show that global GPP in 2003 was 132 ± 22 Pg C. Relative to this baseline case, our results also show: (1) global GPP is overestimated by 12% when accurate LAI is available but clumping is ignored, and (2) global GPP is underestimated by 9% when the effective LAI is available and clumping is ignored. The clumping effects in both cases are statistically significant (p < 0.001). The effective LAI is often derived from remote sensing by inverting the measured canopy gap fraction to LAI without considering the clumping. Global GPP would therefore be generally underestimated when remotely sensed LAI (actually effective LAI by our definition) is used. This is due to the underestimation of the shaded LAI and therefore the contribution of shaded leaves to GPP. We found that shaded leaves contribute 50%, 38%, 37%, 39%, 26%, 29% and 21% to the total GPP for broadleaf evergreen forest, broadleaf deciduous forest, evergreen conifer forest, deciduous conifer forest, shrub, C4 vegetation, and other vegetation, respectively. The global average of this ratio is 35%.
Mean-Variance Portfolia Optimization When Means and Covariances are Unknown

Markowitz's celebrated mean--variance portfolio optimization theory assumes that the means and covariances of the underlying asset returns are known. In practice, they are unknown and have to be estimated from historical data. Plugging the estimates into the efficient frontier that assumes known parameters has led to portfolios that may perform poorly and have counter-intuitive asset allocation weights; this has been referred to as the "Markowitz optimization enigma. " After reviewing different approaches in the literature to address these difficulties, we explain the root cause of the enigma and propose a new approach to resolve it. Not only is the new approach shown to provide substantial improvements over previous methods, but it also allows flexible modeling to incorporate dynamic features and fundamental analysis of the training sample of historical data, as illustrated in simulation and empirical studies.
Evolution of female mate choice based on male age: are older males better mates?

Many empirical studies suggest that females often prefer to mate with older males. It is generally assumed that females prefer older males because older males are of higher genetic quality. We used a viability-based simulation model to determine whether female preference for older mates is more likely to evolve than female preference for younger mates when males provide only sperm to females. The results of our simulations suggest that female preference for young and intermediate age mates is more likely to evolve than a strong preference for older mates, and that female preference based on male age will not evolve if there is a cost associated with the preference. Therefore, based on the results of our model, female preferences for older mates cannot be explained by ‘good genes’ models of sexual selection. A comparison of our results with those of a previously published model suggest that whether female preference for older males can be explained by ‘good genes’ models of sexual selection depends on age-specific survival probabilities. When juvenile survival is high and adult survival is low, older males have higher mean viability than younger males. As a result, female preference for older males will evolve. In contrast, when juvenile survival is low and adult survival is high, mean viability does not differ among males of different ages. Therefore, female preference for older males is unlikely to evolve. The importance of age-specific survival rates in determining the importance of a ‘good genes’ process suggests that future studies of sexual selection should consider potential effects of life-history variation.
Optical Transitions in Direct-Bandgap Ge1–xSnx Alloys

A comprehensive study of optical transitions in direct-bandgap Ge0.875Sn0. 125 group IV alloys via photoluminescence measurements as a function of temperature, compressive strain and excitation power is performed. The analysis of the integrated emission intensities reveals a strain-dependent indirect-to-direct bandgap transition, in good agreement with band structure calculations based on the 8-band k·p and deformation potential methods. We have observed and quantified Γ valley–heavy hole and Γ valley–light hole transitions at low pumping power and low temperatures in order to verify the splitting of the valence band due to strain. We will demonstrate that the intensity evolution of these transitions supports the conclusion about the fundamental direct bandgap in compressively strained GeSn alloys. The presented investigation, thus, demonstrates that direct-bandgap group IV alloys can be directly grown on Ge-buffered Si(001) substrates despite their residual compressive strain.