Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of techniques for measurement of ambient levels of hydrogen peroxide.

A study was conducted to measure hydrogen peroxide from three sources: (1) zero air in the presence and absence of common interferences, (2) steady-state irradiations of hydrocarbon/NO/sub x/ mixtures, and (3) ambient air. The techniques employed for measuring H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ included infrared absorption from a diode laser, fluorescence from an enzymatically produced complex, and chemiluminescence from reaction with luminol. The measurements were conducted simultaneously from a common manifold. Four systems, each of which utilized one of the above techniques, were compared with respect to sensitivity, selectivity, and dynamic range in measuring H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentrations ranging from 0.062 to 128 ppbv. For pure samples measured in zero air, agreement of 14-23% was achieved when compared to standard values. In these examples, there was no indication of interferences for an H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ level of 6 ppbv except in the luminol technique where a negative interference was caused by SO/sub 2/. Agreement among techniques was much worse for measurement of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ produced in the photochemical mixtures. In these mixtures, significant concentrations of organic peroxide were also measured by the enzymatic techniques.
Body Composition and Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients

The volume state of dialysis patients is important in guiding the dialysis process. Volume overload in these patients is associated with inflammation. The objectives of the present study were to assess the body composition of patients on hemodialysis; to determine the concentrations of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in plasma and evaluate the association of BNP concentrations with volume overload; to determine the concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), albumin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as indicators of inflammatory or antioxidant processes. The study included 79 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Assessment of body compartments was carried out using a body composition monitor (BCM). After BCM measurements, blood samples were taken from the patients for laboratory tests. There were 40 (50.6%) volume‐overloaded patients (relative overhydration >15%). These patients had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (P < 0.05), significantly higher concentrations of BNP (P = 0.01), lower body mass index (P < 0.05) and lower fat tissue index (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between plasma BNP and CRP concentrations (ρ = 0.231; P < 0.05), and a negative correlation between (log) BNP and albumin (r = −0.021; P < 0.05), as well as (log) CRP and albumin concentrations (r = −3; P < 0.01). SOD activity was positively correlated with albumin concentrations (r = 0.254; P < 0.05). The concentrations of BNP in this study were associated with volume overload and inflammatory markers. Patients with a higher albumin concentration had higher SOD activity.
Relationships Between Symptoms and Venous Disease: The San Diego Population Study

Background The associations between symptoms and venous disease of the lower extremities are poorly characterized. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate relationships between symptoms associated with venous disease and prevalent disease in 2408 men and women aged 29 to 91 years who were employees, retirees, or spouses at a large state university. Index participants were randomly selected within strata by age, sex, and ethnicity. A structured interview assessed the prevalence of aching, itching, heaviness, tired legs, cramping, swelling, and nighttime restless legs. A comprehensive standardized examination determined the prevalence of visible disease (normal, telangiectasias, varicose veins, and trophic changes) and functional disease (normal, superficial, and deep disease). We related symptoms to disease with attention to modification by sex, ethnicity, and age. Results Aching, itching, heaviness, tired legs, cramping, and swelling were related to both superficial and deep functional disease. The same symptoms were related to varicose veins and trophic changes. Swelling and heaviness were related to telangiectatic disease. Except for restless legs and trophic changes, the prevalence of symptoms across each category was greater in women than men. Aching was the most common symptom but was relatively nonspecific. Swelling was the most specific marker for prevalent visible and functional disease. Heaviness and itching also helped to distinguish prevalent disease. Conclusions Venous symptoms were more prevalent in study participants with both visible and functional disease and in women. Swelling was the most specific predictor; heaviness, itching, and aching also helped to distinguish cases.
Azithromycin associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality among older pneumonia patients, although a true clinical benefit is uncertain

Commentary on : Mortensen EM, Halm EA, Pugh MJ, et al. Association of azithromycin with mortality and cardiovascular events among older patients hospitalized with pneumonia. JAMA 2014;311:2199–208. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Current US guidelines for regular hospital unit treatment of community-acquired pneumonia recommend a 5–7 day course of therapy with either a macrolide plus a second or third generation cephalosporin, or a respiratory fluoroquinolone.1 The primary guidance offered for choosing between these alternatives is to avoid antibiotics with patient exposure in the past 3 months. In this context, azithromycin has come under increased scrutiny. Studies have reported that active users of azithromycin have a greater risk of death (particularly cardiovascular death) than comparable users of amoxicillin. However, these studies primarily included patients receiving short courses of therapy for minor infections, such as sinusitus or bronchitis. In contrast, observational studies of patients with community-acquired pneumonia report that macrolide-based therapy is associated with lower 90-day mortality than fluoroquinolone therapy, hypothetically … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D311%26rft.spage%253D2199%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2014. 4304%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24893087%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1001/jama.2014. 4304&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=24893087&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F6%2F226.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000336668400021&link_type=ISI
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Outcomes in Cairo University Hospitals: 6 Years Experience

Therapeutic plasma exchange is used in treating different immunological and non‐immunological diseases. We analyzed the outcome of 308 patients treated by 1783 membrane plasma exchange sessions from January 2011 until January 2017 at Cairo University Hospital. Thrombotic microangiopathies were the commonest indication [73 (23.7%) patients] with response in 63/73 patients (86.3%), followed by systemic vasculitis with pulmonary‐renal involvement [40(13%) patients] with recovery in 32/40 patients (80.0%), Guillain‐Barré syndrome [39(12.7%) patients] with recovery in 30/39 patients (76.9%), myasthenia gravis [31(10.1%) patients] with response in 26/31 patients (83.9%), and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome [28(9.1%) patients] with recovery in only 6/28 patients (21.4%). Complications included hypotension [276/1783 (15.5%) sessions], hypocalcemia [26/308 (8.5%) patients], and 37/308 (12%) patients died. Sepsis caused mortality in 29/37 (78.4%) of patients. In conclusion, our therapeutic plasma exchange experience shows a favorable outcome for thrombotic microangiopathies, systemic vasculitis, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain‐Barré syndrome. Sepsis was the leading mortality cause.
On winnicott’s clinical innovations in the analysis of adults

The development of Winnicott’s thinking over the course of his career, reflected in his extensive oeuvre, demonstrates an extraordinary internal coherence. In this paper I will focus my remarks on only on what I have defined as ‘‘the clinical Winnicott’’. By this I mean those aspects or areas of Winnicott’s thinking that permit us to consider his specifically clinical contribution usually neglected and not sufficiently valued with respect to the Winnicott who produced enormous contributions to the psychoanalytic theory of development (Abram, 1996) or to the Winnicott who is considered only in the light of his monumental and highly influential theory of transitional space. My conviction, in contrast to the emphasis in the literature, is that Winnicott’s clinical thinking and practice form the basis upon which the author constructed his theory of infant development in relation to the environment, as well as his important contributions on the birth and development of the self and on the transitional area. The concept of transitional space is revolutionary not only because it broadens the scope of clinical psychoanalysis, but also because Winnicott ‘‘invented’’ it with the aim of locating those objects that, in the theory of his time, did not exist because there was no space into which to position them or to see them. These objects are what Winnicott sees and interprets, but other analysts, not equipped with his theory, cannot gain access to them (Bollas, 2007). In focusing on the clinical Winnicott I will be referring here to what I consider a sort of generative core in Winnicott’s ideas, a crucial ‘‘object’’ in his clinical thinking that may even have been unknown to the author himself, which has been disentangled and has become understandable only later. We can consider his 1945 paper, ‘‘Primitive emotional development’’ as a sort of implicit ‘‘master plan’’ from which clinical thought departs and is developed (an issue first addressed by Ogden, 2001). Toward the end of his work – as shown in the epigraph – Winnicott became aware of his own participation in the origin of the so-called British Independent Group (Kohon 1992; Giannakuolas, 2010), which formed a strong current in the flow of British psychoanalysis. This school of thought had taken the best of the extraordinary Kleinian revolution of the 1940s, Int J Psychoanal (2012) 93:1475–1485 doi: 10.1111/1745-8315.12019
GraphPad: Optimized Graph Primitives for Parallel and Distributed Platforms

The duality between graphs and matrices means that many common graph analyses can be expressed with primitives such as generalized sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMSpV) and sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM). Achieving high performance on these primitives is challenging due to limited arithmetic intensity, irregular memory accesses, and significant network communication requirements in the distributed setting. In this paper we implement four graph applications using GraphPad, our optimized multinode implementations of generalized linear algebra primitives such as SpMSpV and SpGEMM. GraphPad is highly flexible to accommodate multiple data layouts, partitioning strategies, and incorporates communication optimizations. Our performance at scale can exceed that of CombBLAS by up to 40×. In addition to GraphPad's performance in a distributed setting, it is also within 2× the performance of GraphMat, a high performance graph framework on a single node for four out of five benchmarks. We also show our communication optimizations and flexibility are critical for good performance on both HPC clusters and commodity cloud platforms.
Do environmental disturbances of an individual's growth and development influence the later bone involution processes? A study of two mediaeval populations

Age-dependent cortical bone loss was studied in two mediaeval Polish populations differing with regard to socio-economic status, as well as the intensity of the occurrence of skeletal indicators of living conditions in the early stages of ontogenesis (compression of the skull base and the narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal). Cortical bone loss was analysed on the basis of the radiographs of the second metacarpal. Cedynia population (better living conditions) is characterized by higher arithmetic means for the height of the skull base in comparison with Slaboszewo group (low socio-economic status). In the case of the vertebral canal index, significant interpopulation differences apply only to men. Similar patterns of difference between groups under study regarding bone loss was also found. It turned out that males from Cedynia had more bone mass in adultus and maturus age categories; in females, these differences concern only adultus category. The study involved an analysis of a relationship between the characteristics measuring reactions to environmental stress in early stages of growth and the intensity of bone loss in adult life. We believe that the results presented justify a conclusion that both phenomena may be interrelated to a considerable degree. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative toxicology for risk assessment of marine fishes and crustaceans.

The goal of this study was to collect data on the effects of chemicals on marine fishes and crustaceans and to evaluate the predictive power of the data for assessing risks to marine resources. The data sets consisted of acute median lethal concentrations (LC{sub 50s}) and chronic maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (MATCs). They were analyzed with regression models and simple comparisons. The conclusions include the following: (1) the variability found in the marine data was comparable to that found in freshwater data; (2) the standard marine test fish Cyprinodon variegatus appears to be representative of marine fishes; (3) the responses of marine crustaceans are so highly diverse that the concept of a representative crustacean is questionable; (4) mysid and penaeid shrimp appear to be particularly sensitive to toxic chemicals. These conclusions are subject to the constraints of the existing limited data base and should be confirmed by a systematic study of the relative sensitivity of marine organisms to chemicals with diverse modes of action.
Rupture of the Uterus during Pregnancy.

A. Cases in which there is no gross anatomical defect; in which a predisposing cause is a diseased, degenerated or previously injured uterus. Indirect violence is frequently the exciting cause. B. Cases in which there are gross lesions, such as interstitial pregnancy, pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a bicornute uterus, new growth, hydatidiform mole, or rupture of the scar of a previous Czsarean section. C. Traumatic ruptures due to wounds by such instruments as sounds, curettes, bullets, or due to crushing or other forms of direct violence.
Myeloma cell sensitivity to bortezomib is associated with Dicer1 expression.

To the editor: Despite considerable progress of chemotherapeutic strategies and the introduction of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease. [1][1] Mutations or loss of p53 occur in roughly 10% of untreated MM cells and are closely associated with
Controle interno da qualidade em citopatologia ginecológica: um estudo de 48.355 casos

Any system which mesures the performance of Cytopathology Laboratories demands an established Internal Quality Control Program. The objective of this research is to identify the data of the Program and the performance of the cytotechnologists. We have reviewed 48,355 gynecologic cytopathology reports from cytotechnologists and cytopathologists for 21 months. We have identified 2,299 abnormal cases submitted the cytopathologist of which 1,132 were confirmed; 2,973 cases classified as high-risk were informed and 998 abnormal cases were identified. The revision of 10% of the negative cytologies represented 3,180 cases, of which 77 abnormal reports were identified. These encompassed 1,176 Ascus, 60 Agus, 819 Nic I/HPV, 85 Nic II, 33 Nic III, 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 17 adenocarcinomas, 5 Vain I and 1 Vain III. The Ascus/Agus were 56% of the cases and 44% corresponded to the other lesions. The 4.56% of abnormal cases were in accordance to the values proposed by Cardin (3-5%), the Bethesda System (4-6%) and Kurman et al. (5%) (4, 6, 7). The cytopathologists reviewed 17.48% of the cases (n = 8,452). Of the 77 abnormal cases (0.16% of the total) which were identified in the re-screening, 59 (0.12%) were Ascus, 6 (0.01%) were Agus and 12 (0.02%) were Nic I. This research shows the results of the Internal Quality Assurance developed in a private laboratory and give relevant information for planning a uterocervical cancer prevention program.
Caution Should Be Observed Against the Last Observation Carried Forward Analysis in Opioid Trials

©2013 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved. Randomized placebo-controlled trials are considered to be essential because they are expected to provide unbiased results. However, numerous problems have been reported to be associated with systematic biases. [1] Among these biases, the attrition bias is somewhat different in that it cannot be controlled solely by the effort of researchers. This type of bias was emphasized by a previous study finding in which many participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA) dropped out of the trials due to complaints of ineffectiveness and adverse events. [2] Because attrition bias is inherently related to the participants themselves, researchers have developed indirect methods whereby it can be prevented.
Semaglutide is non-inferior to placebo for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes

Commentary on: Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. NEJM 2016;375:1834–44. [OpenUrl][1] Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is molecularly related to liraglutide but has a longer half-life, requiring once weekly dosing. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory guidance requires evidence that new therapies for type 2 diabetes are not associated with an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk.1 ,2 This is defined as evidence that compared with placebo the risk ratio estimate has an upper 95% CI of 1.3; the initial preapproval phase may target the 1.8 margin; however, if 1.3 is not achieved then a postmarketing randomised safety trial is required.1 ,2 This was an industry-sponsored, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial in 3297 patients from 230 sites randomised (1:1:1:1), stratified (cardiovascular disease status, insulin treatment, and glomerular filtration rate at screening), to receive semaglutide (either 0.5 or 1.0 mg subcutaneously, weekly) or placebo. In … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DNEJM%26rft.volume%253D375%26rft.spage%253D1834%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
Moderate-dose cyclophosphamide for severe aplastic anemia has significant toxicity and does not prevent relapse and clonal evolution.

First-line therapy of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) with high-dose cyclophosphamide causes toxicity and increased short-term mortality. We investigated cyclophosphamide at a lower, more moderate dose in combination with aggressive supportive care to determine whether severe infections might be avoided and hematologic outcomes defined for this regimen. From 2010 to 2012, 22 patients received cyclophosphamide at 120 mg/kg plus cyclosporine and antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal prophylaxis. Toxicity was considerable, mainly due to prolonged absolute neutropenia, which occurred regardless of pretherapy blood counts, and persisted an average of 2 months. Granulocyte transfusions for uncontrolled infection were required in 5 patients, confirmed fungal infections were documented in 6, and 9 patients died. Nine patients (41%) responded at 6 months. After a median follow-up of 2.2 years, relapse occurred in 2 patients, and cytogenetic abnormalities (including monosomy 7) were observed in 4 patients. Although cyclophosphamide has activity in SAA, its toxicity is not justified when far less dangerous alternatives are available. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01193283.
Henry's law constants of some environmentally important aldehydes.

The Henry’s law constants of seven aldehydes have been determined as a function of temperature by bubble-column and by head-space techniques. The compounds were chosen for their potential importance in the polluted troposphere and to allow structure-reactivity patterns to be investigated. The results (at 25 oC) are as follows (in units of M atm^(-1)): chloral, 3.44 X 10^5; glyoxal, ≥ 13 X 10^5; methylglyoxal, 3.71 X 10^3; formaldehyde, 2.97 X 10^3; benzaldehyde, 3.74 X 10^1; hydroxyacetaldehyde, 4.14 X 10^4; acetaldehyde, 1.14 X 10^1. A plot of Taft’s parameter, ∑σ^*, vs log H^* (the apparent Henry’s law constant) gives a straight line with a slope of 1.72. H^* for formaldehyde is anomalously high, as expected, but the extremely high value for hydroxyacetaldehyde was unexpected and may indicate that α-hydroxy-substituted aldehydes could have an unusually high affinity for the aqueous phase. The intrinsic Henry’s law constants, H, corrected for hydration, do not show a clear structure-reactivity pattern for this series of aldehydes.
Platelet bioreactor-on-a-chip.

Platelet transfusions total >2.17 million apheresis-equivalent units/year in the United States and are derived entirely from human donors despite clinically significant immunogenicity, associated risk of sepsis, and inventory shortages due to high demand and 5-day shelf life. To take advantage of known physiological drivers of thrombopoiesis we have developed a microfluidic human platelet bioreactor that recapitulates bone marrow stiffness, extracellular matrix composition, micro-channel size, hemodynamic vascular shear stress, and endothelial cell contacts, and supports high-resolution live-cell microscopy and quantification of platelet production. Physiological shear stresses triggered proplatelet initiation, reproduced ex vivo bone marrow proplatelet production, and generated functional platelets. Modeling human bone marrow composition and hemodynamics in vitro obviates risks associated with platelet procurement and storage to help meet growing transfusion needs.
An even hover‐reading of Freud: The work of metaphor

Translations of summary It is posited that the ‘elasticity’ of Freud's texts evokes an ‘evenly hovering’ stance in the reader in order to draw out from his writings the multilayered and latent meanings, which often subvert his manifest discourse. This elasticity is exemplified in the metaphor – a central feature of psychoanalytic epistemology. This hypothesis is tested through a close reading of a text that precisely announces itself on the manifest level as a series of straightforward prescriptions, ‘Recommendations to Physicians Practicing Psychoanalysis’ (1912). And we find that his use of metaphors (culminating in the telephone metaphor) glides into unexpected and surprising (unconscious) spaces, thus mirroring the analytic process that is the subject of Freud's paper. The text proves itself to be as slippery as the psyche it studies, and for which an ‘evenly hovering’ stance is best suited for both the reader and for the clinician to be receptive to the workings of the metaphor that reveals unique psychoanalytic truths.