Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring a regional approach in drinking water management in the Strait of Belle Isle, Newfoundland and Labrador

Multiple community collaboration to manage water supply systems among rural communities is fast gaining prominence in rural development literature. It is increasingly difficult for individual communities to provide safe and clean drinking water to their residents due to challenges such as the lack of human and financial capacity, degrading water infrastructure, and high capital investment cost for water infrastructure. This situation could be worsened by challenges typical of rural areas such as declining, aging populations, and the lack of economies of scale. Using a case study approach, my research looks at the prospects in adopting a regional approach to manage water supply systems, particularly with the Newfoundland and Labrador context. A regional approach is defined in this research as any form of collaboration or partnership motivated by common interests, needs or challenges, and permissible by geography to share water supply systems among neighboring communities to ensure clean and safe water supply. This study was situated in the Strait of Belle Isle region in the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland. The study reveals some potentials in the case study region such as sufficient headwaters, the existence of clusters of communities, existing service-sharing initiatives, and the strong social capital that can support a regional water management approach. When these potentials are explored, a regional water system could help address the many water challenges in the region. However, there are noteworthy factors that could impede its implementation: the impacts of place-based dynamics, human and financial capacities, administrative disparities between various scales of communities, and the need for upper-level government’s support. Moreover, the findings illustrate that water researchers, governments, and communities need to consider and make provisions to incorporate these conditions when developing water policies that fully realize the benefits of a regional water management approach.
Negotiations in the public sector: Applying negotiation theory to multiparty conflicts

Les processus de collaboration dans le secteur public impliquent plusieurs parties, a des echelles allant du tres local, a l’echelle de la ville et a la region. Alors que la facilitation / mediation de ces processus repose fortement sur la theorie de la negociation, une grande partie de la litterature est focalisee sur les interactions a deux parties (dyadiques). Nous proposons que les processus multipartites meritent une attention theorique/pratique particuliere. A cette fin, nous analysons trois cas dans des endroits et a des echelles differentes: un conflit d’amenagement territorial dans une petite localite d’Israel; un conflit de transport / amenagement territorial dans une ville de l’etat d’Oregon ; et une initiative de planification regionale dans le nord-est de l’etat d’Ohio. Nous concluons que certains elements de la theorie des negociations s’appliquent dans des situations multipartites. Cependant, d’importantes differences qualitatives exigent une attention accrue de la part des chercheurs. Les cas eclairent sept domaines typiques du multipartisme qui meritent une etude plus approfondie: les « BATNA » interdependantes, les processus se deroulant pendant des periodes prolongees dans des contextes politiques changeants, les multiples processus sequentiels et paralleles, les defis de la representation, les alliances et les coalitions, les flux d’information et de communication, les types d’accords et les regles de decision.
The biological basis of benzodiazepine dependence

Benzodiazepines are the most widely prescribed psychotropic drugs and while the specific neural pathways mediating their several therapeutic effects remain largely unknown, at least their initial site of action has been identified. For the last decade we have known that the central nervous system contains high affinity, stereospecific binding-sites for the benzodiazepines. These sites are found on a supramolecular complex with y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and with a chloride ionophore (channel across the cell membrane), which also has binding-sites for drugs such as the barbiturates (Olsen, 1982). Recently there has been a growing appreciation that benzodiazepines induce dependence and that tolerance can occur to their behavioural effects. Although initially these phenomena were linked with long-term use, more recent evidence suggests that similar changes can be observed after short-term or even a single administration. This review covers both the clinical evidence and relevant experimental studies and attempts to explore the possible underlying mechanism(s). Although the precise mechanism is still unknown, we conclude that both rebound and withdrawal symptoms are reflections of a common dependence mechanism and also that tolerance is simply another manifestation of this same mechanism. We further conclude that the same underlying mechanism mediates the rebound phenomena and tolerance seen after short-term or acute benzodiazepine administration.
Antiviral glycosidic bisindole alkaloids from the roots of Isatis indigotica

Seven new glycosidic bisindole alkaloids, isatindigobisindolosides A–G (1–7), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods, together with calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. In the NMR spectra of 1–3, it is found that integration of H-2 and intensity of C-2 are affected not only by a substitution group at C-2 but also by solvents. Influences of the glucopyranosyloxy on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic bisindole alkaloids are discussed. Compounds 2, 5, and 6 showed antiviral activity against both the influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2) and Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 values of 8.4–100.0 μM.
Five PSA methods compared by assaying samples with defined PSA ratios.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been established as a marker to aid in detection and monitoring of prostate cancer (1)(2). PSA in serum exists predominantly in three forms: free, uncomplexed PSA; PSA covalently complexed to α1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT); and PSA covalently complexed to α2-macroglobulin (PSA-MG) (3). Immunoassays available today recognize free PSA and PSA-ACT but not PSA-MG, and their result for “total PSA” refers to the sum of the free and ACT-bound forms of PSA as measured by the immunoassay. In general, the proportion of free PSA relative to PSA-ACT is lower in prostate cancer patients than in normal subjects or in patients with noncancerous prostatic disease (4). The percentage of free PSA ranges from 5% to 50% when total serum PSA is 4–10 μg/L (5)(6). However, increased serum concentrations of PSA do not necessarily indicate prostate cancer because such values can also occur in cases of benign prostate hyperplasia or prostatitis (7)(8)(9). Assays of total serum PSA differ from one another in an important respect: They do not recognize the free and ACT-bound species of PSA equivalently (10)(11). “Equimolar-response assays” measure equal molar concentrations of free PSA and PSA-ACT equivalently; “skewed-response assays” measure these PSA forms differently (12)(13)(14). The total PSA concentration measured by an equimolar assay depends on only the total concentration of free PSA plus PSA-ACT and is independent of their relative proportions. The interpretation of results reported by skewed-response assays, however, may be misleading because (a) the proportion of free PSA is generally higher in noncancer patients, and (b) the molar response of skewed-response assays …
New Look

This paper wants to assess the extent of financial integration in the European Union using the FeldsteinHorioka criterion applied to regional data over the 1995-2000 period. Our article highlights several important outcomes. First, we find evidence that there is no correlation between savings and investment inside most of the considered countries, and we are able to solve the few puzzles facing us. Second, we find that overall financial integration between EU regions is almost complete. Additional investigations on consistent sub-groups of regions confirm that the withdrawal of institutional barriers to capital mobility is a powerful tool to achieve financial integration. However, we show that financial integration as measured by the Feldstein-Horioka relationship is impeded by distance and linguistic diversity, interpreted as proxies for transaction and information costs. JEL CLASSIFICATION: E22, F21, G15.
Dynamin-related Protein 1 (Drp1) Promotes Structural Intermediates of Membrane Division*

Background: Drp1 mediates mitochondrial division via a poorly understood mechanism. Results: Drp1 promotes giant vesicle tethering and concentrates at contact sites in structures similar to those found in dividing mitochondria. Conclusion: Besides membrane constriction, Drp1 stabilizes structural intermediates of membrane division. Significance: This new role of Drp1 helps us understand mitochondrial biology. Drp1 is a dynamin-like GTPase that mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal division in a process dependent on self-assembly and coupled to GTP hydrolysis. Despite the link between Drp1 malfunction and human disease, the molecular details of its membrane activity remain poorly understood. Here we reconstituted and directly visualized Drp1 activity in giant unilamellar vesicles. We quantified the effect of lipid composition and GTP on membrane binding and remodeling activity by fluorescence confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. In contrast to other dynamin relatives, Drp1 bound to both curved and flat membranes even in the absence of nucleotides. We also found that Drp1 induced membrane tubulation that was stimulated by cardiolipin. Moreover, Drp1 promoted membrane tethering dependent on the intrinsic curvature of the membrane lipids and on GTP. Interestingly, Drp1 concentrated at membrane contact surfaces and, in the presence of GTP, formed discrete clusters on the vesicles. Our findings support a role of Drp1 not only in the formation of lipid tubes but also on the stabilization of tightly apposed membranes, which are intermediate states in the process of mitochondrial fission.
The Aetiology of Acute Rupture of Flexor Tendon Repairs in Zones 1 and 2 of the Fingers During Early Mobilization

Five hundred and eight patients with 840 acute complete flexor tendon injuries in 605 fingers in zones 1 and 2 underwent surgery and postoperative mobilization in a controlled or early active motion (active flexion-active extension) regimen over a period of 7.5 years. Sixty-eight patients with 79 finger flexor divisions who did not complete the rehabilitation programme were excluded. Of the 440 patients with 728 complete tendon divisions in 526 fingers included in the study, 23 patients ruptured 28 tendon repair(s) in 23 fingers, an overall rupture rate of 4%. One hundred and twenty-nine fingers with zone 1 injuries had a rupture rate of 5%. Three hundred and ninety-seven fingers with zone 2 injuries had a rupture rate of 4%. This study analyses the 23 patients with flexor tendon rupture(s) to identify causative factors. In approximately half of these patients, tendon rupture followed acts of stupidity. The implications of this are discussed. There was no significant relationship between tendon rupture and the age or sex of the patients, smoking or delay between injury and tendon repair and there was no particular prevalence of zone 2C level injuries among the fingers in which tendon rupture occurred.
Attachment Style as a Predictor of Adult Romantic Relationships

Questionnaire measures of attachment style, attachment history, beliefs about relationships, self-esteem, limerence, loving, love addiction, and love styles were administered to 374 undergraduates. Attachment style was related in theoretically expected ways to attachment history and to beliefs about relationships. Securely attached Ss reported relatively positive perceptions of their early family relationships. Avoidant Ss were most likely to report childhood separation from their mother and to express mistrust of others. Anxious-ambivalent subjects were less likely than avoidant Ss to see their father as supportive, and they reported a lack of independence and a desire for deep commitment in relationships. The self-esteem measure and each of the scales measuring forms of love were factor analyzed separately. Analyses based on scale scores derived from the resulting factors indicated that attachment style was also strongly related to self-esteem and to the various forms of love discussed in other theoretical frameworks. The results suggest that attachment theory offers a useful perspective on adult love relationships.
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF

Further studies it -ere done on theantiviral activities of 10 species ofTogolese medicinal plants, previously shown to possess activity against herpes simpler virus (HSV). The dominant activity in all cases was virucidal (direct inactivation of virus particles), although Adansonia digitata extracts also appeared to have intracellular antiviral activities as well, which could indicate the presence of multiple antiviral compounds, or a single compound with multiple actions. In the seven most active extracts, the anti-HSV activity was considerably enhanced by light, especially UVA (long wavelength UV), although they all showed "dark" antiviral activity as well. Thus, all the extracts contained antiviral photosensitizers. In all tests, the rootbark and leaf extracts of A. digitatawere the most potent.
The radio: a tool for violence prevention in Jos, Nigeria

Following spates of violent ethno-religious and political clashes that besieged the city of Jos, Nigeria in 2001, 2004, 2008 and 2010 (Saka 2010) and their widespread effects on the health of the local people, medical student members of the Society of Nigerian Doctors for the Welfare of Mankind (SNDWM), the Nigerian affiliate of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), launched a radio series ‘Bringing Peace to the People’. It aired on the independent Silverbird Rhythm 93.7 radio station in Jos. The radio project was developed to educate the public on the health consequences of violence, to inspire them to work for violence prevention and peace in Nigeria and to support IPPNW’s global ‘Aiming-for-Prevention’ campaign, a public health approach to violence prevention. The violence and killings in Jos in 2010 were so intense that even pregnant women were not spared; their babies were taken from the womb and mutilated. This crisis affected all the age groups and sexes, with children under 5, the elderly and women being the most affected. More than 300 people were killed (BBC News 2010a,b, Nossiter 2010). Silent killings and segregation followed after the crisis, thereby creating a strong divide in Jos. Each warring group could not venture into their opposition’s terrain for fear of being killed. Jos lies in the middle belt of Nigeria and is the capital of the state of Plateau. Jos is cosmopolitan and home to all ethnic and religious groups within Nigeria and among expatriates. Its temperate weather and picturesque topography makes it an attractive destination of global repute. The diverse composition had endured for decades until the turn of this century when previously unbiased neighbours became sensitive to each other’s ethnicity and creed occasioned by political complexities related to the transfer to civilian rule in 1999. Violent conflicts resulting in injuries and
Trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) occurred in 35 patients (1.9%) from a large multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic population (N = 1, 882). TN began on average 11.8 years after the first MS symptom but in five patients was the first symptom of MS, preceding the next MS symptom by 1 to 11 years. The onset of MS was later in the patients who had TN, and bilateral TN occurred more frequently than expected (in 14% of TN patients). The age at onset of TN was no younger than in idiopathic TN except when TN was the first MS symptom. Most patients had a good result from medical or surgical therapy.
Studies on the complement fixing antigens of poliomyelitis. I. Demonstration of type and group specific antigens in native and heated viral preparations.

Summary The antibody responses of animals and man following infection and immunization with poliomyelitis viruses were investigated by absorption techniques. 1.Sera from animals, immunized with a single type of virus, contained two distinct complement fixing antibodies, both of which were found to be type specific. 2.The presence of antigenic components common to two or all three types of virus was demonstrated by absorption of a chimpanzee and a human serum with heated antigen preparations. 3.Absorption of a human serum with native type II antigen gave direct evidence that this type of virus in its native state contains antigenic components present in the two heterologous types of virus whereas types I and III absorbed only their homologous antibodies.
Addressing Poor Performance in the Advanced Level Agriculture Syllabus (9159) in the Midlands Province, Zimbabwe

The purpose of the study was to investigate factors contributing to poor performance in the Zimbabwe Advanced LevelAgriculture syllabus (9159) in two selected high schools in the Midlands province; Zimbabwe.This case study adopted the descriptive research design. A census sampling technique was used to select all the twenty five Advanced Level Agriculture students and their three teachers from the two selected schools. The study used questionnaires for students and interviews for Agriculture teachers to collect the required data. Quantitative data was analysed using statistical tables and graphs while qualitative data was analysed using common themes and patterns permeating the study. The research found out poor science background, poor subject combination at Advanced level, lack of science equipment, unavailability of textbooks for the syllabus and lack of funding for field trips and seminars as the major challenges schools faced when teaching the syllabus. The study recommends provision of adequate teaching/learning equipment, relevant textbooks, qualified teachers and ICTs to improve the performance in the subject. Key terms: Student, Advanced level, Agriculture syllabus, High school, Teacher, Poor performance
Wealth Index, Education, Access to Electronic Media and Awareness about Tuberculosis: Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13

Objective: To investigate association of education, wealth index and access to electronic media with awareness about TB and its spread among women. Material and Methods: Countrywide Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-13 data was selected for secondary analysis. From 12,943 occupied households, 13,558 ever-married women and 3,134 ever married men age 15-49 were interviewed. For this study, women interviews record was selected and analysed for TB awareness and its relationship with education attainment, wealth index and electronic media exposure. SPSS logistic regression analyses were performed for statistical significance and to discover association between TB awareness and education attainment, wealth index and electronic media. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The poorest uneducated women had the lowest awareness about TB and its spread by air. Awareness about TB and its spread by coughing and sneezing increased with increase in education level and households’ wealth and living standard. Women from households having radio, in rural areas, had overall more awareness about TB and its spread by coughing and sneezing than women from households having no radio. Women of households having TV, in all regions of the country, had distinctly higher awareness about TB spread by air than women of households who had no TV. Interestingly, there was more awareness among women of households having no radio and TV about TB spread by sharing utensils, touching person and sexual contact than women of households having radio and TV. Education attainment and TV in households were more statistical significant than radio in households and wealth index. Education, wealth index and TV in households have relationship with TB spread by coughing and sneezing. Conclusion: Awareness about tuberculosis and its spread by air among women was associated with increase in wealth, education level and exposure to electronic media. Use of electronic media would be helpful in creating awareness, in minimal time, about all aspects of tuberculosis.
Review: typically-developing students’ views and experiences of inclusive education

Abstract Purpose: The present review aimed to summarize and critique existing qualitative studies that have examined typically-developing students’ views of inclusive education (i.e. the policy of teaching students with special educational needs in mainstream settings). Methods: Guidelines from the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination were followed, outlining the criteria by which journal articles were identified and critically appraised. Narrative Synthesis was used to summarize findings across studies. Results: Fourteen studies met the review’s inclusion criteria and were subjected to quality assessment. Analysis revealed that studies were of variable quality: three were of “good” methodological quality, seven of “medium” quality, and four of “poor” quality. With respect to findings, three overarching themes emerged: students expressed mostly negative attitudes towards peers with disabilities; were confused by the principles and practices of inclusive education; and made a number of recommendations for improving its future provision. Conclusions: A vital determinant of the success of inclusive education is the extent to which it is embraced by typically-developing students. Of concern, this review highlights that students tend not to understand inclusive education, and that this can breed hostility towards it. More qualitative research of high methodological quality is needed in this area. Implications for Rehabilitation Typically-developing students are key to the successful implementation of inclusive education. This review shows that most tend not to understand it, and can react by engaging in avoidance and/or targeted bullying of peers who receive additional support. Schools urgently need to provide teaching about inclusive education, and increase opportunities for contact between students who do and do not receive support (e.g. cooperative learning).