Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title The photospheric boundary of Sun-to-Earth coupled models Permalink

The least understood component of the Sun-to-Earth coupled system is the solar atmosphere—the visible layers of the Sun that encompass the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region and low corona. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), principal drivers of space weather, are magnetically driven phenomena that are thought to originate in the low solar corona. Their initiation mechanism, however, is still a topic of great debate. If we are to develop physics-based models with true predictive capability, we must progress beyond simulations of highly idealized magnetic configurations, and develop the techniques necessary to incorporate observations of the vector magnetic field at the solar photosphere into numerical models of the solar corona. As a first step toward this goal, we drive the SAIC coronal model with the complex magnetic fields and flows that result from a sub-photospheric MHD simulation of an emerging active region. In particular, we successfully emerge a twisted O-loop into a pre-existing coronal arcade. To date, it is not possible to directly measure the magnetic field in the solar corona. Instead, we must rely on nonpotential extrapolations to generate the twisted, pre-eruptive coronal topologies necessary to initiate data-driven MHD simulations of CMEs. We therefore investigate whether a non-constant-a force-free extrapolation can successfully reproduce the magnetic features of a self-consistent MHD simulation of flux emergence through a stratified model atmosphere. We generate force-free equilibria from simulated photospheric and chromospheric vector magnetograms, and compare these results to the MHD calculation. We then apply these techniques to an IVM (Mees Solar Observatory) vector magnetogram of NOAA active-region 8210, a source of a number of eruptive events on the Sun. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Corruption and Stock Market Development: New Evidence from GCC Countries

The theoretical relationship between corruption and stock market development has been debated quite extensively in the literature, yet the evidence on the impact of corruption on stock market development remains contradictory and ambiguous. This paper investigates the impact of corruption, as measured by Corruption Perception Index (CPI) published by Transparency International, on stock market development focusing exclusively on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries with its special characteristics of combining richness with relatively high level of corruption. Results from an estimation of alternative regression models on a panel of six GCC countries over the period 2003–2011, through which CPI is legitimately comparable, confirms a positive impact of corruption on stock market development, where the latter is measured by market capitalization. This is consistent with the view that corruption greases the wheels of economy by expediting transactions and allowing private firms to overcome governmentally imposed inefficiencies.
Porous media equivalents for networks of discontinuous fractures

The theory of flow through fractured rock and homogeneous anisotropic porous media is used to determine when a fractured rock behaves as a continuum. A fractured rock can be said to behave like an equivalent porous medium when (1) there is an insignificant change in the value of the equivalent permeability with a small addition or subtraction to the test volume and (2) an equivalent permeability tensor exists which predicts the correct flux when the direction of a constant gradient is changed. Field studies of fracture geometry are reviewed and a realistic, two-dimensional fracture system model is developed. The shape, size, orientation, and location of fractures in an impermeable matrix are random variables in the model. These variables are randomly distributed according to field data currently available in the literature. The fracture system models are subjected to simulated flow tests. The results of the flow tests are plotted as permeability ‘ellipses. ’ The size and shape of these permeability ellipses show that fractured rock does not always behave as a homogeneous, anisotropic porous medium with a symmetric permeability tensor. Fracture systems behave more like porous media when (1) fracture density is increased, (2) apertures are constant rather than distributed, (3) orientations are distributed rather than constant, and (4) larger sample sizes are tested. Preliminary results indicate the use of this new tool, when perfected, will greatly enhance our ability to analyze field data on fractured rock systems. The tool can be used to distinguish between fractured systems which can be treated as porous media and fractured systems which must be treated as a collection of discrete fracture flow paths.
The effect of salinity stress on cell count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae can live in a variety of stressful environments, including varying salinities, making it an ideal model organism to test effects of NaCl concentrations on growth rate. Our experiment was carried out over a nine-hour period and was started by diluting the prepared sample of 400μL of 4M NaCl in YPD into three group concentrations, with four test tubes in each group: 0M NaCl, 1M NaCl and 2M NaCl, with a total of 12 test tubes incubated at 35°C water bath. After increments of 90 minutes, 100μL from each test tube was pipetted into a micro centrifuge tube, in addition to 10μL fixative for further analysis under the microscope. The initial cell count was 3.34 x 10 5 cells, 3.12 x 10 5 cells, and 2.81 x 10 5 for 0M, 1M and 2M NaCl, respectively. The control group experienced a rapid cell proliferation with the final cell count as 9.80 x 10 6 cells. In contrast, 1M and 2M did not experience similar cell division with the final count as 9.46 x 10 5 cells and 3.10 x 10 5 cells respectively. The results suggest that exposure to 1M and 2M NaCl concentrations impair cellular functions and higher salinity has a negative impact on cell count.
The Three-Dimensional Dynamics of Dipping Faults

Recent two-dimensional dynamic simulations of dip-slip faulting (Niel- sen, 1998; Oglesby et al., 1998, 2000; Shi et al., 1998) have shown that the asym- metric geometry of dip-slip faults that intersect the free surface can have large effects on the dynamics of earthquake rupture. The nonvertical dip angle of such faults leads to larger motion on the footwall than the hanging wall, as well as much larger motion from thrust/reverse faults than from normal faults with the same geometry and stress magnitudes. In the present work we perform full three-dimensional simulations of thrust/reverse, normal, and strike-slip faults, and show that the same effects exist in three dimensions. Strike-slip fault motion is either in between or lower than the motion of both dip-slip faults. Additional three-dimensional effects include strong rake rotation at the free surface. The results confirm the findings of the previous studies and further elucidate the dynamic effects of the free surface on fault rupture, slip, and ground motion. They are also borne out by early analyses of the 1999 Chi- Chi (Taiwan) thrust earthquake, which displayed higher motion on the hanging wall than on the footwall, and a strong oblique component of motion at the surface.
Conservation biology and management of the endangered Oxleyan pygmy perch Nannoperca oxleyana in Australia

The global biodiversity crisis particularly affects freshwater fishes. Currently, 20% of Australia's highly endemic freshwater fishes are formally recognised as being of conservation concern under national, state and territory listings. Four of the 5 described species of Nannoperca (Percichthyidae) are threatened with extinction, with N. oxleyana Whitley listed as endangered under Australian legislation and internationally by the IUCN. National recovery planning has commenced with the objective of returning this species to a position of 'viability in nature' in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland. This paper describes the conservation biology of N. oxleyana, providing a case history for a small species of no commercial importance threatened by the classical triumvirate of habitat degradation and loss; small, declining and fluctuating popula- tions driven more by environmental conditions than demographic forces; and the effects of intro- duced species. A process for declaring critical habitat for N. oxleyana has commenced in NSW. Habitat protection involves managing threats, including run-off originating from unsealed roads, herbicide use, fire management activities and disturbance by recreational users such as 4-wheel drivers and campers. Information on the distribution and breeding patterns of N. oxleyana has been provided to local and state government authorities to assist in managing drainage and devel- opment schemes that might impact N. oxleyana habitat. Monitoring has confirmed the persistence of many N. oxleyana populations in both jurisdictions.
Evidence for a mass-dependent AGN Eddington ratio distribution via the flat relationship between SFR and AGN luminosity

The lack of a strong correlation between AGN X-ray luminosity (L-X; a proxy for AGN power) and the star formation rate (SFR) of their host galaxies has recently been attributed to stochastic AGN variability. Studies using population synthesis models have incorporated this by assuming a broad, universal (i.e. does not depend on the host galaxy properties) probability distribution for AGN specific X-ray luminosities (i.e. the ratio of L-X to host stellar mass; a common proxy for Eddington ratio). However, recent studies have demonstrated that this universal Eddington ratio distribution fails to reproduce the observed X-ray luminosity functions beyond z similar to 1.2. Furthermore, empirical studies have recently shown that the Eddington ratio distribution may instead depend upon host galaxy properties, such as SFR and/or stellar mass. To investigate this further, we develop a population synthesis model in which the Eddington ratio distribution is different for star-forming and quiescent host galaxies. We show that, although this model is able to reproduce the observed X-ray luminosity functions out to z similar to 2, it fails to simultaneously reproduce the observed flat relationship between SFR and X-ray luminosity. We can solve this, however, by incorporating a mass dependency in the AGN Eddington ratio distribution for star-forming host galaxies. Overall, our models indicate that a relative suppression of low Eddington ratios (lambda(Edd) less than or similar to 0.1) in lower mass galaxies (M-* less than or similar to 10(10-11)M(circle dot)) is required to reproduce both the observed X-ray luminosity functions and the observed flat SFR/X-ray relationship.
Creating a Climate for Change : Critical Reflection and Organisations

An organization can be thought of as both an entity in itself with its own culture and as a collection of individual workers teams and clients constantly creating the culture through their interactions. Cultural change can come from many directions: the environment or context, from individual workers, teams or clients. This paper/workshop explores the use of critical reflection in generating change in organizations. Critical reflection is a theoretical approach and a process for analysing and changing practice. Using critical incidents, workers can identify their own assumptions and values and those of their organization. The process can then enable workers to develop new ways of perceiving and acting in their practice and/or their organization. This can in turn lead to changes in organisational culture. I will demonstrate the process though asking participants to work through a critical incident of mine. I will also provide data about the kinds of changes resulting from workshops for participants and some case studies of how participants see themselves as generating change in organizational culture.
Traditional and Molecular Studies of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora capsici: A Review

Phytophthora capsici is responsible for large worldwide economic losses and is considered one of the limiting factors in the production of many crops [1]. More than 50 vegetable species have been identified as hosts of this plant pathogen [1,2]. Recently, two leguminous species, Phaseolus vulgaris [3], and Phaseolus lunatus [4], have been identified as hosts of this oomycete. Losses of up to 100% of the crop con occur in fields due to the incidence of this pathogen [5].
Estimating Equilibrium Search Models from Finnish Data

Empirical equilibrium search models have attracted a growing interest in recent years. Estimation of such models has not been completely successful, however. This has led researchers to develop more sophisticated versions of the models, in an attempt to get a better fit to the data. This study investigates whether various proposed specifications are able to explain the labour market histories observed in Finnish panel data. We begin with a pure search model in which all wage dispersion results from search frictions. Then we proceed to more complex specifications by introducing measurement error in wages and unobserved employer heterogeneity.
Quartz Cementation History of Sandstones Revealed By High-Resolution Sims Oxygen Isotope Analysis

Abstract Evaluating the timing and origin of quartz cement is central to understanding how porosity is lost in sandstones during burial. Kinetic models of quartz cementation have been calibrated using large–scale datasets but have never been tested at the microscopic level at which cement forms. Here, we use high-precision, in situ oxygen isotope analyses on sandstone from the Jurassic Ness Formation from the North Sea to reveal the growth history of single quartz overgrowths to a resolution of 2 µm. Measured δ18O(cement) range from +28 to +20‰ V-SMOW in early to late cement and are consistent with quartz cementation models that propose the bulk of quartz precipitates as a continuous process beginning at 60–70 °C. Quantitative X-ray Diffraction analyses and clay mineralogical analysis of interbedded shales are inconsistent with a silica source from shale, implying that silica for the cement is sourced internally to the sand. These isotope data are broadly consistent with predictive, conceptual quartz cementation models and provide a critical link from micron-scale measurements to basin-scale predictions and observations.
Relation of Calcium Activity in Milk and Milk Production of Holstein Cows in Hot Season

The content of Ca in milk exceeds the typical saturation level of Ca salts, which is necessary for neonate growth. This calcium is distributed between the casein micelles in the colloidal and aqueous phases. Information on the properties of calcium activity in the aqueous phase is limited compared with that on the properties of bound or sequestrated calcium. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in calcium activity in fresh milk using an ion-selective electrode and to assess the relationship between calcium activity and milk production in hot season. Milk samples collected from 10 cows at the National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region in June to October (Min-Max: 7.2-35.2°C, 24.3-100% RH) were analyzed on total calcium concentrations and calcium activity. We observed that the rectal temperature of the cows increased according to elevation of ambient temperature but that the pH of the collected milk (6.61±0.01 (Mean±SEM)) was not significantly influenced by rectal and ambient temperature. Total calcium concentrations and calcium activity in fresh milk decreased in July (Min-Max: 21.1-33.5°C, 48.9-100.0% RH) compared with the values after August (Min-Max: 18.1-35.0°C, 26.5-96.2% RH) (p<0.05); however, there was no significant correlation between the two parameters. The ratio of calcium activity to total calcium concentration decreased after August compared with the values in June and July (p<0.05). The calcium activity in fresh milk was positively correlated with milk yield (r = 0.45, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with milk lactose content (r = -0.53, p<0.01). These results suggest that the calcium activity in milk could be affected by ambient
A Theory of Soft Capture

In this paper, wee propose a model for regulatory capture that is based on information transmission and asymmetric information. In a three- tier model, a regulator is charged by a political principal to provide a signal for the type of a regulated firm. Only the firm can observe his type and the production of a correlated signal with a given accuracy is costly for the regulator. The firm can costlessly provide an alternative signal of lower accuracy that is presented to the regulator. In a self-enforcing equilibrium, the regulator transmits the firm-produced signal, internalizes its own savings in information cost and the firm enjoys higher information rents. The main feature of soft capture is that it is not based on a reciprocity of favors but on a congruence of interests between the firm and the regulator.
Information Technology Resources and Business Performance: An Australian Context

Information Technology (IT) resources have been suggested to contribute to business performance in the literature, yet the contribution of different resources is not well-explained. This study investigates the relationship between information technology resources and companies' business performance with the presence of the information technology use intensity in industries. The relationship is studied not only at aggregate level but also at detail level which gives an answer to the question of which resource has the most effect on performance. The results of Australian company survey are used in this paper. It is found that IT human resource and IT infrastructure affect business performance while the effect of IT partnership is not significant. This study is expected to help companies' managements to have a clearer view of how to enhance the benefits of IT resources on companies' performance by understanding and focusing on the more important resources.
Energy Use and Export Behavior in Indian Economy: An Input-Output Based Analysis

Developing countries, like India, face the twin challenges of sustainable growth and high import dependency due to direct energy imports. The presence of less energy intensive commodities in the export basket not only improves cost competitiveness along with environmental compliance, but can also be effective in lowering the net energy liability of a country. This paper analyses the changes in sector-wise energy intensity vis-a-vis the evolving export structure to assess the energy intensity of India’s exports by using a constant price hybrid Input-Output model. The analysis clearly highlights the importance of services as a less energy intensive sector with significant export presence. Within the manufactured products category, particularly important are other manufacturing (including textiles and wearing apparel), agriculture, processed food and mining, due to the export potential alongside improved energy intensity over time. At the same time, increasing intensity and export share of basic metals and non-ferrous metal products draw attention for efforts to improve energy efficiency. The findings reject the proposition that India’s export basket is dominated by energy intensive sectors.
Excess Finance and Growth: Don't Lose Sight of Expansions !

Accompanying the great recession, a recent empirical literature casts doubt on the existence of a positive relationship between economic and financial growth pointing out the economic costs of excessive financial growth. We show however that if one considers the complete growth cycle, that is by including expansions into a growth cycle accounting procedure, the elasticity between financial and economic growth rates is positive for most financial series, even if high financial growth makes recessions more severe. This elasticity should be however adjusted downward, and may even turn negative, if one considers the persistent effects of financial growth on the expansion of the subsequent cycle. This effect can explain the pattern of economic growth observed during and after financial bubbles.
Histopathological studies of selected organs of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Igun gold mining reservoir and Opa freshwater reservoir, south western, Nigeria

Histological changes in the gills, fillet and liver of Sarotherodon galileaus in Opa and Igun reservoirs were used to evaluate the impact of heavy metals in the fish organs. Fresh fish samples of S. galileaus were collected from Opa and Igun reservoirs and identified in the laboratory. Techniques based on histological analyses were done on the tissues and photomicrographs taken using digital binocular compound LED microscope. In Opa and Igun reservoirs, the gills of S. galilaeus showed rupture and lifting of epithelium. The gills also showed shortening and hyperplasia of lamellae in Igun reservoir compared to Opa reservoir. The fillet of S. galilaeus in both reservoirs revealed muscular atrophy and splitting while necrosis was observed in Igun reservoir compared to Opa reservoir. The liver of S. galilaeus in the two reservoirs showed hepatopancreas degeneration while splitting at the wall of central vein, hypertrophy, degeneration and vascular congestion were observed only in the liver of S. galilaeus of Igun reservoir. The alterations were comparatively severe in the organs of S. galilaeus in Igun reservoir to Opa reservoir.
Thinking with “Postsocialism” in an Ethnographic Study of Old Age in Poland

Twenty-five years aft er the end of state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, how useful is the category of postsocialism? In this article, I suggest one possible answer to this question through a discussion of how this category emerged during ethnographic fieldwork on aging, personhood, and memory in Wroclaw and Poznan, Poland. A binary Cold War framework that opposes socialism to postsocialism and East to West does not suffi ciently explain the complexities of processes by which persons and social relations are created and transformed. However, “postsocialism” is defensible as an ethnographic, rather than analytic, category because these binary categories shape people’s expectations, hopes and imaginations. Ethnographic fieldwork in a range of institutional and non-institutional contexts found that older people were often understood as relics of the socialist past, that some older people look to the “West” for moral exemplars, and that national narratives of suffering provide moral frameworks for older Poles’ life histories. By interpreting these findings through a theoretical framework that centers on the processual formation of personhood and relatedness, this article thus helps anthropologists of Central and Eastern Europe create research imaginaries that escape dominant binary frameworks.