Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Thrombin Inhibition Reduces Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty in Porcine Coronary Arteries

Background—Arterial injury after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) triggers acute thrombus formation and thrombin generation. Hirudin, a potent and direct thrombin inhibitor, prevents thrombus formation after arterial injury. Two large clinical trials showed marked reduction in acute clinical events but no long-term benefits in reducing restenosis during short-term administration of thrombin inhibitors. Our hypothesis is that adequate, maintained thrombin inhibition, by inhibiting all the thrombin-dependent mechanisms, will reduce neointima formation after PTCA. Methods and Results—Thirty-six pigs received three different regimens of hirudin: bolus (1 mg/kg), short-term (bolus+0.7 mg/kg per day for 2 days), and long-term (bolus+0.7 mg/kg per day for 14 days). The results on neointima formation at 4 weeks after coronary angioplasty were compared with the control group (100 IU heparin/kg bolus). Hirudin was continuously administered for 2 weeks through an infusion pump. In vivo thrombin .
Are the Currently Existing Anti-Human Papillomavirus Vaccines Appropriate for the Developing World?

Cervical cancer prevention is expected to be achieved by vaccination of girls 2-3 years before sexual debut, and cervical smear cytology follow-up. The existing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines target the low-risk 6 and 11, and the high-risk 16 and 18 subtypes, the most common agents of ano-genital pre-invasive and invasive lesions. We conducted the review by searching PubMed using the terms “HPV,” “HPV subtypes,” “developing world,” and “HPV-vaccine” to retrieve articles published between 2000 and 2011. We focused on studies that were relevant to the developing world. The proposed vaccination policy is currently unachievable in the developing world because of the cost of the vaccine, the lack of adequate cytology and follow-up infrastructures. Moreover, the subtypes of HPV involved in cervical pathology, their associations, and natural history (clearance and persistence rates) differ from the industrialized world. Therefore, the current bivalent and quadrivalent anti-HPV vaccines are unlikely to achieve their target in the developing world. It follows from published data that there is an obligation of the pharmaceutical industry and of the public-health policy makers not to embark on mass vaccination campaigns without thorough information and investigation of the local relevance.
Legal information needs of lawyers in Kenya: a case study

Reports the results of a case study undertaken as part of a doctoral research programme carried out to investigate the information needs of, and provision to, the legal community in Kenya. The case study, is based on data collected from a one‐man law firm in Kisumu, Kenya. Data were collected by interviews and observation. Although essentially a case study, the results reflect the kind of experiences and problems that lawyers in Kenya, working in single law firms, experience in accessing legal information. Concludes that the only practicable way lawyers can maximise the availability of legal information in the country is by setting up their own law library on a co‐operative basis. Reliance on court libraries is futile as the libraries are already over‐stretched by the needs of the Bench.
Bayesian Methods: An Analysis for Statisticians and Interdisciplinary Researchers

1. Introductory statistical concepts 2. The discrete version of Bayes' theorem 3. Models with a single unknown parameter 4. The expected utility hypothesis and its alternatives 5. Models with several unknown parameters 6. Prior structures, posterior smoothing, and Bayes-Stein estimation Guide to worked examples Guide to self-study exercises.
Cognitive verbs in context: a contrastive analysis of English and French argumentative discourse

This paper examines the frequency, distribution and function of 1st person self-references with the cognitive verbs think and believe, and penser and croire in British English and French argumentative discourse comprising 29 British political interviews (178,712 words) and 26 French political interviews (118,825 words). It employs quantity-based methodology supplemented by insights from a context-dependent qualitative analysis, considering explicitly the co-occurrence of these cognitive verbs with discourse connectives. It argues for these 1st person self-references to be assigned not only a subjectivising function, but also one of expressing intersubjectivity. In the two sets of data, the parenthetical constructions signify that the status of a particular piece of information encoded in a proposition is open for negotiation. Depending on their co-occurrences with discourse connectives they may boost or attenuate the pragmatic force of the contribution which they qualify.
Predicting Change Propagation in Complex Design Workflows

A simulation model to help manage change propagation through design workflows is introduced. The model predicts resource requirements and schedule risk of a change process, accounting for concurrency, multiple sources of change, and iterations during redesign. Visualizations provide insight to answer common management questions. The approach is illustrated using an aircraft design workflow from Airbus and a more complex turbine disk design workflow from Rolls–Royce.
Small adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histologic characteristics and prognosis

Background. Although there are many reported prognostic indicators for pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of early stage adenocarcinoma have not been evaluated fully, except for several studies of nonmucinous and sclerosing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
Loss correlation for queues with bursty input streams

The authors evaluate and characterize the correlation between packet losses for two queuing systems in discrete time that are motivated by broadband ISDN (BISDN) applications. The first, a two-class discrete-time queuing system, approximates the output queue of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch. The queue serves periodic foreground traffic and random background traffic. The background traffic is modeled as independently identically distributed batches of arbitrary distribution. It is shown that the conditional loss probability (CLP) is independent if the buffer size is at least as large as the period of the foreground traffic. Example calculations indicate that losses occur essentially randomly as long as the foreground traffic uses less than 10% of the channel capacity. The second analysis derives the CLP seen by a selected stream in a slotted finite-buffer system with a superposition of interrupted Poisson sources. Here, the total number of arrivals may be correlated from slot to slot. Traffic correlation is seen to have a strong influence on loss correlation, while buffer size is seen to have virtually none. <<ETX>>
PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES IN THE USE OF GRAPHIC AND TABULAR DISPLAYS OF MULTIVARIATE DATA

It has been suggested that graphically displayed multivariate data help decision makers better understand information they are called on to analyze. This study compares judgments made from one recently suggested multivariate display technique with judgments made from traditional tabular displas of financial figures. Significant differences in task performance are found to be related both to differences in the stimulus sets and to individual differences among the subjects. Our results suggest that the relative contribution of graphic displays to decision making may vary considerably from situation to situation.
HeiTP-a transport protocol for ST-II

The Heidelberg transport protocol (HeiTP) is a transport layer protocol for multimedia communication in the Internet. HeiTP is designed to run on top of the ST-II protocol and assumes that multimedia data travel along a privileged path in which services can be guaranteed via reservation or preallocation of the resources involved in the communication. How HeiTP supports the negotiation of quality of service (QOS) parameters and multidestination connections, and how error handling is dealt with in a flexible way are addressed. A mapping of the HeiTP interface to an extended version of the X/Open Transport Interface (XTI) that supports multimedia is also presented. <<ETX>>
An Evaluation of Reference Desk Service.

Le service de reference de la bibliotheque principale Lee de l'Universite Brigham Young emploie cinq etudiants. L'article rend compte des reponses a un questionnaire adresse a ces etudiants, sur leur formation, leur travail et l'aide qu'ils recoivent, a un questionnaire adresse au responsable du service et a un questionnaire adresse aux bibliothecaires de reference et aux bibliothecaires specialises, sur ce qu'ils pensent du service de reference et sur leur contribution. L'article rend compte aussi d'un test «a simple insu» fonde sur des questions fictives
Critical Evaluation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter on History Matching of Geologic Facies

The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to the performance of a gradient-based minimization method for the problem of estimation of facies boundaries in history matching. EnKF is a Monte Carlo method for data assimilation that uses an ensemble of reservoir models to represent and update the covariance of variables. In several published studies, it outperforms traditional history matching algorithms in adaptability and eciency. Because of the approximate nature of the EnKF, the realizations from one ensemble tend to underestimate the uncertainty especially for problems that are highly nonlinear. In this paper, the distributions of reservoir model realizations from 20 independent ensembles are compared with the distributions from 20 randomized maximum likelihood (RML) realizations for a 2D water-flood model with one injector and four producers. RML is a gradient based sampling method that generates one reservoir realization in each minimization of the objective function. It is an approximate sampling method, but its sampling properties are similar to Markov chain Monte Carlo method (McMC) on highly nonlinear problems and relatively more ecient than the McMC. Despite the nonlinear relationship between data such as production rates and facies observations, and the model variables, the EnKF was eective at history matching the production data. We find that the computational eort to generate 20 independent realizations was similar for the two methods, although the complexity of the code is substantially less for the EnKF.
Assisting Teachers' Thinking and Participation Online

This study examines online messages in a discussion forum that a group of K-12 history teachers used to discuss curriculum implementations as part of their professional development. It has 3 main research foci. First, it focuses on identifying the types of assistances provided to the teachers in an online forum. Second, it examines teachers' cognitive thinking levels exemplified in their online messages. Third, it investigates the relationship between the assistance provided to teachers and the thinking levels they exemplified online. In addition, the study presents data from interviews with forum users to help validate findings attained through examining the online messages. Findings show that various assistance types and forum users' perceptions of online communication may have influenced teachers' levels of thinking during online discussions.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidities in Acute Coronary Heart Disease

Introduction. Psychiatric problems and stresses may deteriorate the prognosis of patients with IHD. So evaluating their frequency possibly will promote our perspective regarding their vital importance in the field of consultation-liaison psychiatry. Method and Materials. One hundred and one (101) patients with IHD were interviewed in CCU of a general hospital by a psychiatrist to find whether there was any relationship between cardiac events and psychiatric problems or stresses. Results. Cardiac events were significantly more prevalent among patients with both psychiatric problems and biological risk factors (). Also, the number of patients suffering from psychiatric problems was significantly more than cases without that (). There was a significant difference between male and female patients regarding the type of stress (). 79% of total stresses were experienced by patients who had as well psychiatric problems (). In addition, there was significantly more dysthymic disorder in the acute group of patients in comparison with major or minor depressive disorder in the chronic group (). Conclusion. The high prevalence of psychiatric problems and psychosocial stresses among patients with IHD deserves sufficient attention by clinicians for detection, monitoring, and management of them.
Adapting the Community of Inquiry Survey for an Online Graduate Program: Implications for Online Programs

A cohort-based online professional doctorate program that consisted of both online coursework and research activities was designed using Garrison et al's community of inquiry (CoI) framework. The evaluation of the program proved a challenge because all existing CoI assessment methods in the past have dealt with online courses, not with online programs. In the absence of a validated instrument for measuring the success of the community of inquiry design at a program level, the CoI survey for online courses was adapted and used with the second cohort of online students (n = 18). This article presents (a) an extension of the construct's cognitive, teaching, and social presence for online programs, and (b) an instrument to measure student perceptions of a CoI that encompasses asynchronous and synchronous interactions, as well as course-specific and non-course-specific interactions in different learning spaces.
Implementation of a Distributed Interactive Graphics System

The design, implementation, and performance of a distributed interactive graphics software system are described. The software is distributed between two machines with very different ca pabilities, a supercomputer (CRAY-2) and a graphics workstation (Silicon Graphics Iris). Both machines run the same operating system (UNIX) and are programmed by the user. Three-dimen sional graphical transformations, display updates, the user interface, and related operations are handled by the graphics workstation, while computationally intensive operations and some graphics are performed by the supercomputer. Three versions of this distributed graphics system are described; one builds display lists on the supercomputer, one builds them on the workstation, and one does not build them at all. Communication between the two machines con sists of a remote graphics protocol built on TCP/ IP. The performance of two distributed graphics programs—a test case and an application from computational fluid dynamics—is reported, and the timing results are analyzed.
Antimicrobial or Subantimicrobial Antibiotic Therapy as an Adjunct to the Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Meta-Analysis

The use of antibiotics in nonsurgical periodontal treatment is indicated in cases in which scaling and root planing present important limitations. However, their use is controversial due to the secondary effects associated with them and the disagreements regarding their prescription. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of systemic antibiotics in the management of aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The study was based on a search of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Common data were concentrated and evaluated by means of an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a meta-analysis of the results was performed. The meta-analysis (, 95% confidence interval, post hoc Bonferroni) determined that the supplementation of nonsurgical periodontal therapy with a systemic antibiotic treatment—amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and metronidazole or subantimicrobial dose doxycycline—provides statistically significant results in patients with aggressive or chronic periodontitis under periodontal treatment, whilst increasing the clinical attachment level of the gingiva and reducing periodontal probing depth.
Decision Sciences: An Integrative Perspective

Preface Part I: Introduction 1. The scope of decision sciences 2. Problem finding and alternative generation Part II: Individual Decision Making 3. Prediction and inference 4. Valuation and choice 5. Evaluating prescriptive approaches Part III: Multi-person Decision Making 6. Group decision making 7. Formal models of group decision making 8. Organisational decision making 9. Societal decision making Part IV: Epilogue References Appendices.
Statistical and Machine Learning Methods for Software Fault Prediction Using CK Metric Suite: A Comparative Analysis

Experimental validation of software metrics in fault prediction for object-oriented methods using statistical and machine learning methods is necessary. By the process of validation the quality of software product in a software organization is ensured. Object-oriented metrics play a crucial role in predicting faults. This paper examines the application of linear regression, logistic regression, and artificial neural network methods for software fault prediction using Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) metrics. Here, fault is considered as dependent variable and CK metric suite as independent variables. Statistical methods such as linear regression, logistic regression, and machine learning methods such as neural network (and its different forms) are being applied for detecting faults associated with the classes. The comparison approach was applied for a case study, that is, Apache integration framework (AIF) version 1.6. The analysis highlights the significance of weighted method per class (WMC) metric for fault classification, and also the analysis shows that the hybrid approach of radial basis function network obtained better fault prediction rate when compared with other three neural network models.
Bug Taxonomies: Use Them to Generate Better Tests 1

"Improving the Education of Software Testers. " Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF). 1. Introduction to the concept of taxonomies 2. Other bug taxonomies and what were their objectives? 3. Discussion: What constitutes a good taxonomy for testing purposes? 4. Brainstorming Test Ideas a. Challenges 5. Using Taxonomies to help brainstorm test ideas a. Example (without a taxonomy) b. Example (with a taxonomy) 6. Using mind-maps to present your taxonomy and collection of test ideas. 7. Ideas on facilitating a Brainstorming session using a taxonomy. 8. Ideas on how to make use of an existing taxonomy structure and its constituent collection of failure modes to improve your testing. 9. Creating bug taxonomies for testers a. How the e-commerce bug taxonomy was developed b. Ideas on how you can create a simple usable taxonomy specific to your application 10. Example categories and failure modes from the e-commerce bug taxonomy.
Color appearance comparison between LCD projector and LCD monitor colors

Two sets of color appearance data were accumulated for investigating the difference between LCD projector and LCD self-luminous colors. Psychophysical experiments were conducted using magnitude estimation methods. These colors were viewed against different neutral backgrounds. These data sets were used to test the performance of five color appearance models (CIECAM97s, Hunt94, LLAB, RLAB and CIELAB together with two most recently proposed revisions of CIECAM97s: Fairchild and FC).
Situated abstraction: From the particular to the general in second-order diagnostic work

The present study examines the work of a group of medical scientists as they identify interpretative ‘pitfalls’ – recurrent sources of error – in the use of a new radiographic technique, formulate suggestions on how these pitfalls can be avoided and communicate their findings in the form of a scientific publication. The analysis focuses on a session in which previously diagnosed cases are discussed, and demonstrates the ways in which a certain source of diagnostic error gradually emerges as a taken-for-granted in the interaction. An increased sense of recognition, recurrence and typicality is discernible in the treatment of the cases. Talk characterized by expansions and elaborations, displays of understanding in the form of reformulations, understanding checks, and so on, leave room for brief typifications and reifications of interpretative difficulties in characteristics of the imaging technique. Topical treatment of perception and interpretation, as well as embodied engagement, become decreasingly salient. It is argued that the abstracted formulations in the published text rely on the case-by-case working up of generality from particularity; from individualized accounts of why ‘I’ interpreted the image in a certain way to proffered generalizations achieved through articulated perceptions of a generalized ‘one’. If these proffers are ratified, a potential ground is established for the consensual formulation of a pitfall. The formulation of novel instructions is consequently made relevant, projecting a re-instructed diagnostic practice.
Concordance of Whole-Slide Digital Imaging and Conventional Microscopy for Routine Assessment of Gastrointestinal Surgical Pathology Specimens

Histopathology is a rapidly advancing science and requires a great deal of sophistication in terms of equipment and special stains with the need for subspecialisation. The current workload in the NHS does not allow speciality reporting throughout the entire country. There are, however experts in the field in all specialities who can report the difficult cases. Digital pathology has seen, in recent years, a revolution in its use ranging from routine reporting to remote consultation and in quality assurance programmes.
Noise-induced error rate as limiting factory for energy per operation in digital ICs

Due to the steady progress in computer technologies over the past years, the physical limits of the energy required per logical operation are assuming increased practical significance. Whereas earlier studies have considered only the elementary energies (e.g., kT, hv) or the power consumption during gate switching, the present work takes account of the random errors induced in an idealized gate by noise. The dependence of the minimum energy W/SUB I/ on the permissible error rate A is calculated for thermal noise. The result obtained, W/SUB I//spl ap/3.9 kT in (5A)/SUP -1/ for 10/SUP -7/>A>10/SUP -23/, is discussed regarding other limits in semiconductor circuits.