Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and Quantification of Platelet‐bound Antibodies with Immunoperoxidase

Summary. The use of immunocytochemical techniques enables one to quantify antibodies bound to cell membranes. We have tested the platelets of subjects with immune thrombocytopenic purpura by this method. The washed platelets were incubated in the presence of antiglobulin conjugated with an equimolar amount of peroxidase. The fixed peroxidase was revealed and quantified by an enzymatic reaction using orthodianizidine‐H2O2. From the results the number of immunoglobulin molecules per platelet was calculated. The test was calibrated so as to eliminate non‐specific fixation of the reagent. Under these conditions the platelets of subjects with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura bound a much larger amount of detectable immunoglobulin (800–21 000 molecules per platelet) than those of normal subjects (235 × 74 sites per platelet) or subjects with non‐immune thrombocytopenia (395 ± 203 molecules per platelet).
Class-Specific Word Embedding through Linear Compositionality

English linguist John Rupert Firth has a famous saying "you shall know a word by the company it keeps. " Most word representation learning models are based on this assumption that a word's semantic meaning can be learned from the context in which it resides. The context is defined as a small unordered number of words surrounding the target word. Research has shown that context alone provides limited information because the context contains only neighboring words. Thus only local information is learned in the word embeddings. Some research tries to improve this by utilizing outside information sources such as a knowledge base. We observe that the meaning of a word in a sentence can be better interpreted when the class information or label of the sentence is presented. We propose three approaches to train class-specific embeddings to encode class information by utilizing the linear compositionality property of word embeddings. We present a general framework consisting of a pair of convolutional neural networks for text classification tasks where the learned class-specific embeddings serve as features. We evaluate our approach and framework on topic classification of a disaster-focused Twitter dataset and a benchmark Twitter sentiment classification dataset from SemEval 2013. Our results show a potential relative accuracy improvement of more than 5% over a recent baseline.
Partially redundant functions of Adamts1 and Adamts4 in the perinatal development of the renal medulla

Adamts4 encodes a widely‐expressed proteinase thought to be involved in processes ranging from cartilage metabolism to ovarian follicle development. To study its physiological roles, Adamts4‐null mice were created by gene targeting. Unexpectedly, these were found to be phenotypically normal, suggesting that other gene(s) may compensate for its loss. Adamts4−/− mice were, therefore, crossed with a strain lacking Adamts1, whose pattern of expression and substrate specificity overlap that of Adamts4. Most (>95%) Adamts1−/−;Adamts4−/− mice died within 72 hr after birth with a marked thinning of the renal medulla. The renal defect was not observed in embryonic Adamts1−/−;Adamts4−/− kidneys, but became apparent around birth. The few (<5%) Adamts1−/−;Adamts4−/− animals to reach adulthood had the same renal phenotype seen in newborns. This study is thus the first to report Adamts4 expression and function in the mammalian kidney, and to demonstrate that Adamts1 and Adamts4 play redundant and essential roles in perinatal kidney development. Developmental Dynamics 240:1806–1814, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
APOE-ε4 is not associated with cognitive impairment in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis

The objective of this article was to assess the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 and cognitive impairment (CI) in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The APOE genotype was assessed in 85 RRMS cases (58 females, mean age 43 ± 8.4 years, mean disease duration 15.8 ± 9.6 years, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 1.7 ± 1.0). Cognitive functioning was evaluated in the whole sample using Rao’s Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB). Performance on each test was assessed by applying the normative values for the Italian population. In a subgroup of 50 patients, a brain magnetic resonance (MR) study was performed including measurement of T2 lesion volumes (T2LV), neocortical volume (NCV) and normalized brain volume (NBV). The relationship between APOE genotype, CI and MR variables was assessed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. CI, most commonly involving complex attention and verbal memory tasks, was found in 28 cases (33%). We identified a total of 19 ε4carriers (22.4%), who did not differ from non-carriers regarding clinical and demographic characteristics. The presence of the ε4 genotype was associated with neither CI (p = 0.28) nor impairment on each neuropsychological test (p > 0.32; corrected for age, gender, disease duration, EDSS, depression and fatigue). The APOE genotype and CI were also not related in the subgroup of younger patients (age < 45 years; p > 0.9). Moreover, CI was related to higher T2LV (p = 0.008) and lower NCV (p = 0.006). In conclusion, in our sample CI was associated with higher subcortical damage and cortical atrophy but not with APOE-ε4 genotype. The role of APOE-ε4 as a possible biomarker in multiple sclerosis is still questionable.
Notes on wave propagation in laterally varying structure.

Recent models of earth structure suggest large horizontal gradients, especially in shear velocities. Some changes in existing methods are required to construct syn thetics for broadband signals in many situations, especially when energy can reach the receiver by up-going as well as down-going paths. This can be accomplished by allowing locally dipping structure and making some modifications to generalized ray theory. Local ray parameters are ex pressed in terms of a global reference which allows a de Hoop contour to be constructed for each generalized ray with the usual application of the Cagniard-de Hoop tech nique. Several useful approximations of ray expansions and WKBJ theory are presented. Comparisons of the synthetics produced by these two basic techniques alone, or in combi nation with known solutions, demonstrates their reliability and limitations.
Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor Isoform 1 Overexpression Modulates Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Expression and Activity in Human Airway 16HBE14o- Cells and Rescues ΔF508 CFTR Functional Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Cells*

There is evidence that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) interacting proteins play critical roles in the proper expression and function of CFTR. The Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor isoform 1 (NHERF1) was the first identified CFTR-binding protein. Here we further clarify the role of NHERF1 in the regulation of CFTR activity in two human bronchial epithelial cell lines: the normal, 16HBE14o-, and the homozygous ΔF508 CFTR, CFBE41o-. Confocal analysis in polarized cell monolayers demonstrated that NHERF1 distribution was associated with the apical membrane in 16HBE14o- cells while being primarily cytoplasmic in CFBE41o- cells. Transfection of 16HBE14o- monolayers with vectors encoding for wild-type (wt) NHERF1 increased both apical CFTR expression and apical protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent CFTR-mediated chloride efflux, whereas transfection with NHERF1 mutated in the binding groove of the PDZ domains or truncated for the ERM domain inhibited both the apical CFTR expression and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux. These data led us to hypothesize an important role for NHERF1 in regulating CFTR localization and stability on the apical membrane of 16HBE14o- cell monolayers. Importantly, wt NHERF1 overexpression in confluent ΔF508 CFBE41o- and ΔF508 CFT1-C2 cell monolayers induced both a significant redistribution of CFTR from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane and a PKA-dependent activation of CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.
Adolescent and adult cleft lip and palate, in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION Congenital cleft lip and palate (CLP) defects usually present in childhood, especially in places with available and affordable care. In Nigeria, their incidence is low but late presentation in Adult life have been reported. This article aims at reviewing adolescent and adult CLP patients in our center, with the advent of free and available care, and to document the patterns and management outcomes of these patients as an addition to existing literature on the subject of adult CLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of adolescent and adult CLP patients managed from May 2006 to April 2010. Demographic data as well as clinical information were retrieved from the hospital records and include the type of cleft deformity, surgical intervention prior to presentation, the type of surgery performed and postoperative outcomes. Some pertinent clinical photos were also reviewed. RESULTS Adolescent and adults constituted 24% of the 137 patients, their age ranged from 13 to 76 years, with a mean, median and modal age of 28, 22 and 20 years respectively. Unilateral cleft of primary palate was commonest with female preponderance. Most never had surgery, others desired revision surgery or secondary procedures. The outcomes were satisfactory in the 37 procedures performed on 33 patients. CONCLUSION A relatively high ratio of adolescent and adult clefts is observed. Most of them have never had surgical intervention. Some had failed surgical intervention prior to presentation. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved despite late intervention but failed initial intervention was associated with poorer outcomes.
Study of the Direct Red 81 Dye/Copper(II)-Phenanthroline System

Recovered papers contain several chromophores, such as wood lignin and dyes. These have to be eliminated during paper recycling in order to produce white paper. Hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions is generally used to decolorize lignin, but its effect on dyes is limited. Copper(II)-phenanthroline (Cu-Phen) complexes can activate the oxidation of lignin by hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide may also be activated during recycled fiber bleaching, thus enhancing its color-stripping efficiency towards unoxidizable azo dyes. The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of Cu-Phen complexes on a model azo dye, Direct Red 81 (DR81), in aqueous solution. Different Cu-Phen solutions (with different initial Cu:Phen molar ratios) were prepared and mixed with the dye at different pHs. The geochemical computer program PHREEQC allowed precise calculation of the theoretical distribution between different possible coordinates (CuPhenOH+, Cu(Phen)22+, CuPhen(OH)2, Cu(Phen)32+, etc.) depending on pH and initial concentrations. UV-vis spectroscopic measurements were correlated with the major species theoretically present in each condition. The UV absorbance of the system was mainly attributed to the Cu-Phen complex and the visible absorbance was only due to the dye. Cu-Phen appeared to reduce the color intensity of the DR81 dye aqueous solution under specific conditions (more effective at pH 10.7 with Cu:Phen = 1:1), probably owing to the occurrence of a coordination phenomenon between DR81 and Cu-Phen. Hence, the ligand competition between phenanthroline and hydroxide ions would be disturbed by a third competitor, which is the dye molecule. Further investigation proved that the DR81 dye is able to form a complex with copper-phenanthroline, leading to partial color-stripping. This new “color-stripping effect” may be a new opportunity in paper and textile industries for wastewater treatment.
Inclusion of Melatonin in Semen Extender Modulates Post Thaw Motility and Velocity Pa-rameters of Mithun Sperm

In India, North-Eastern Hilly (NEH) region has great cultural diversity and vast natural resources among the different states. Mithun is a magnificent beautiful, unique domestic cattle species among the hilly livestock species and is primarily used for meat production. Mithun is an economically important species in states of NEH region. Mithun is affected with severe non-cyclical fluctuations, however, still is not yet endangered according to the livestock censuses of Government of India (Livestock Census, 2012). Based on the available research studies, it is clearly indicated that mithun severely affected from various problems Inclusion of Melatonin in Semen Extender Modulates Post Thaw Motility and Velocity Pa-rameters of Mithun Sperm
Astrocyte processes label for filamentous actin and reorient early within the optic nerve head in a rat glaucoma model.

PURPOSE To determine if astrocyte processes label for actin and to quantify the orientation of astrocytic processes within the optic nerve head (ONH) in a rat glaucoma model. METHODS Chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was produced by episcleral hypertonic saline injection and tissues were collected after 5 weeks. For comparison, eyes with optic nerve transection were collected at 2 weeks. Fellow eyes served as controls. Axonal degeneration in retrobulbar optic nerves was graded on a scale of 1 to 5. Optic nerve head sections (n ≥ 4 eyes per group) were colabeled with phalloidin (actin marker) and antibodies to astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin 4, or axonal tubulin βIII. Confocal microscopy and FIJI software were used to quantify the orientation of actin bundles. RESULTS Control ONHs showed stereotypically arranged actin bundles within astrocyte processes. Optic nerve head actin bundle orientation was nearly perpendicular to axons (82.9° ± 6.3° relative to axonal axis), unlike the retrobulbar optic nerve (45.4° ± 28.7°, P < 0.05). With IOP elevation, ONH actin bundle orientation became less perpendicular to axons, even in eyes with no perceivable axonal injury (i.e., 38.8° ± 15.1° in grade 1, P < 0.05 in comparison to control ONHs). With severe injury, ONH actin bundle orientation became more parallel to the axonal axis (24.1° ± 28.4°, P < 0.05 in comparison to control ONHs). Optic nerve head actin bundle orientation in transected optic nerves was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Actin labeling identifies fine astrocyte processes within the ONH. Optic nerve head astrocyte process reorientation occurs early in response to elevated IOP.
Differential Functions of Splicing Factors in Breast-Cancer Initiation and Metastasis

Misregulation of alternative splicing is a hallmark of human tumors; yet to what extent and how it contributes to malignancy are only beginning to be unraveled. Here, we define which members of the splicing factor SR and SR-like families contribute to breast cancer, and uncover differences and redundancies in their targets and biological functions. We first identify splicing factors frequently altered in human breast tumors, and then assay their oncogenic functions using breast organoid models. Importantly we demonstrate that not all splicing factors affect mammary tumorigenesis. Specifically, upregulation of either SRSF4, SRSF6 or TRA2β promotes cell transformation and invasion. By characterizing the targets of theses oncogenic factors, we identify a shared set of spliced genes associated with well-established cancer hallmarks. Finally, we demonstrate that the splicing factor TRA2β is regulated by the MYC oncogene, plays a role in metastasis maintenance in vivo, and its levels correlate with breast-cancer-patient survival.
Off-Farm Participation, Agricultural Production and Farmers’ Welfare in Tanzania and Uganda

Panel data from the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture for Tanzania and Uganda were analyzed to investigate the impact of off-farm participation on agricultural production and farmersâ€™ welfare. Using strategies ranging from simple least squares to a dynamic panel model, we demonstrated how each of the intermediate models, such as the random effects Tobit model, could tackle censoring bias. Our results reveal that off-farm participation had a negative impact on agricultural production in both countries, though the impact was positive on welfare for Tanzania only. Policy makers should consider the complexities surrounding the formulation of pro-agriculture and pro-welfare policies aimed at producing desirable outcomes from off-farm participation. In that effort, policies that minimize the trade-off between agricultural production and off-farm participation and which enhance positive welfare effects are vital.
Kawasaki disease and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive review of subclinical vascular changes in the longer term

Studies of subclinical vascular changes post‐Kawasaki disease indicate that, in general, individuals with a history of coronary artery aneurysms have increased carotid intima–media thickness, evidence of endothelial dysfunction, and increased arterial stiffness, possibly indicative of heightened cardiovascular risk. The results are less consistent for low‐risk groups.
The Nitrogen Partition in Newborn Infants' Urine

Ther appears to be very little information on the partition of nitrogen in the urine of infants during the first week of life comparable to the figures produced by Folin (1905a), and by subsequent workers for adult urine. Simon (1911), however, showed that the amino and undetermined nitrogen formed a greater proportion of the total urinary nitrogen in newborn infants than in adults. Schloss and Crawford(191 l)measured the total nitrogen, uric acid, and purine excretion in newborn infants, and found that the output of uric acid rose considerably during the first three days of life, and subsequently felL Most of the work on nitrogen metabolism in infancy has been done on infants aged two weeks or more, by which time life has become more stable. Colostrum has given place to milk, and the intake of the latter is no longer rising very fast. The physiological dehydration of the first few days has passed, and meconium is no longer being excreted. Studies in nitrogen metabolism made during the first few days of life have, however, a particular value, for they help to bridge the gap between foetal and postnatal metabolism. Unfortunately, the quantities of metabolites excreted during the first few days of life are not necesarily the same as those actually produced by the organism, for Balint and Stransky (1920) and McCance and Widdowson (1947) have shown that the dehydration during the first three or four days of life is accompanied by a rise in the urea and non-protein-nitrogen in the body fluids. Consequently, the end products of nitrogen metabolism will not be excreted so rapidly as they are produced during the first three or four days, and rather more rapidly during the ensuing days. The present work was undertaken to provide further information on the partition of nitrogen in the urine of very young infants, and on their daily output of certain nitrogenous substances.
Behaviour and Motor Output for an Insect Walking on a Slippery Surface: II. Backward Walking

Coordination of the legs and the motor activity of four muscles in a middle leg were recorded in adult stick insects walking on a slippery glass surface. Backward walking was not achieved by a simple phase shift of levators and depressors. In all muscles examined, there was a considerable disturbance of motor activity during backward walking when compared with that found in forward walking. In backward walking, recovery was performed, in the middle leg, by strong fast unit activity in the retractor muscle and all muscles showed weak activity at inappropriate times. Fast motor output appeared to be superimposed on the forward walking motor pattern to produce the movements required for backward walking in this insect.
Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA sequences in normal and Alzheimer's disease brain using polymerase chain reaction.

The aetiology and pathogenesis of AlLheimer's disease (AD) are unknown, in particuldr, whether or not environmental agents such as viruses play a role. However no convincing evidence has yet been found t o implicate an infectious pathogen in AD; wnether thi5 reflects the absence of such an agent or whether the Lick of sensitive techniques has precluded its detection, is uncertain. Here we are investigating a pssible corrcldtion ktween the presence of herpes siqlex virus type 1 (HbV-1) DNA sequences in human brain and the incidence of AD, using the method of polymerase chain redction (PCR). The predilection of HSV for those reyions of the brain which are the most severely affected in AD has led to spsculdtion that this virus may k implicated in AD [l] . likely agent also because of its propensity to produce latent infections in neuronal cells and because of its ubiquity. PCR meets the criteria of both specificity and sensitivity required for the detpction of latent HSV and it represents a very great improvenetit over traditional methods of nucleic acid detection. We looked for the presence of a 110 base-pair (bp) fragment of the viral thymidine kinase (TK) ycne. As an internal control, to ensure that the DNA sample does not contain an inhibitor of PCR that could lead to artekdctual negative results a 267bp fragment ot a c c , l l u l a r gene hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transterase (HPRT) was amplified simultaneously. Nucleic acids were separated by isopycnic centrifugation in caesium trifluoroacetate and DNA was purified by protedse digestion, phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. to screen DNA from 17 autopsy brain specmns (derived frcm 8 AD patients and 5 normals) and in all cases both TK and HPRT sequences were detectahle. Cross-contamination was excluded since Vero negativcs and also a 'buffer blank' were TK-negative. Fig 1 shows a representative set of 7 specimens. DNA samples frcm HSV-infected and uninfected Vero cells were examined concurrently to provide HSV-postive and HSV-negative controls. results on brain DNA, in preliminary studies of DNA extracted from both AD and normal lymphocytes we have not found HSV sequences; therefore our results on brain cannot be an artefact due to virus in lymphocytes within blood vessels at the time of death. Our results, though unexpected, are not entirely surprising, as serological evidence has revealed that more than 90% of adults over the age of 60 have been infected with HSV [2] . Previous Southern blot, dot blot or in situ hybridisation studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the presence of E b i DNA in AD brain. In contrast, the very sensitive assay used here for detecting HSV DNA will provide an opportunity to HSV-1 has been considered d
Do entrepreneurs from institutionally distinct countries apply different decision logic when internationalizing their companies? A multiple-case analysis

Abstract Literature on entrepreneurs’ decision logic has either focused on effectuation or causation, lacking comparison and analysis of logics when founders come from different institutional environments. This paper presents an exploratory study examining the behaviors, beliefs, and decisions of entrepreneurs (all typical drivers for new market entries), considering those institutional differences. Research was based on the comparison of two case studies of young software companies, one from Brazil and one from Germany, each founded by two entrepreneurs with similar academic and professional backgrounds. Results indicate that apparently, business environment affects founders’ decision logics with much more strength than the institutional environment.