Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the ovenbird‐woodcreeper assemblage (Aves: Furnariidae) ‐ major shifts in nest architecture and adaptive radiation

The Neotropical ovenbirds (Furnariidae) form an extraordinary morphologically and ecologically diverse passerine radiation, which includes many examples of species that are superficially similar to other passerine birds as a resulting from their adaptations to similar lifestyles. The ovenbirds further exhibits a truly remarkable variation in nest types, arguably approaching that found in the entire passerine clade. Herein we present a genus-level phylogeny of ovenbirds based on both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA including a more complete taxon sampling than in previous molecular studies of the group. The phylogenetic results are in good agreement with earlier molecular studies of ovenbirds, and supports the suggestion that Geositta and Sclerurus form the sister clade to both core-ovenbirds and woodcreepers. Within the core-ovenbirds several relationships that are incongruent with traditional classifications are suggested. Among other things, the philydorine ovenbirds are found to be non-monophyletic. The mapping of principal nesting strategies onto the molecular phylogeny suggests cavity nesting to be plesiomorphic within the ovenbird–woodcreeper radiation. It is also suggested that the shift from cavity nesting to building vegetative nests is likely to have happened at least three times during the evolution of the group. We suggest that the shifts in nest architecture within the furnariine and synallaxine ovenbirds have served as an ecological release that has facilitated diversification into new habitats and new morphological specializations.
Trade Reforms, Foreign Competition, and Labor Market Adjustments in the U.S

Using data on trade-induced displacements, this paper documents that locations facing more foreign competition in the U.S. have: higher job destruction rates, lower job creation rates, and thereby lower employment rates. In contrast to standard trade theory, a model with variable markups and heterogeneous segmented labor markets is consistent with these facts. Foreign competition has a correlated effect on job destruction and job creation precisely because the most vulnerable locations also have lower productivity. Following an unexpected trade liberalization with limited mobility, employment sharply falls in the worse hit locations while welfare and employment increase in the aggregate.
Large-scale ice-sheet modelling as a means of dating deep ice cores in Greenland

Abstract The three-dimensional ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS is used to simulate the dynamic/thermody namic behaviour of the entire Greenland ice sheet from 250 000 a BP until today. External forcing consists of a surface-temperature history constructed from δ18O data of the GRIP core, a snowfall history coupled linearly to that of the surface temperature, a piecewise linear sea-level scenario and a constant geothermal heat flux. The simulated Greenland ice sheet is investigated in the vicinity of Summit, the position where the maximum elevation is taken, and where the two drill sites GRIP and GISP2 are situated 28km apart from each other. In this region, the agreement between modelled and observed topography and ice temperature turns out to be very good. Computed age-depth profiles for GRIP and GISP2 are presented, which can he used to complete the dating of these cores in the deeper regions where annual-layer counting is not possible. However, artificial diffusion influences the computed ages in a near-basal boundary layer of approximately 15% of the ice thickness, so that the age at the bottom of the cores cannot be predicted yet.
Parent-Offspring Conflict over Mating: The Case of Beauty

In pre-industrial societies parents exercise a strong influence over the mating decisions of their offspring. As modern pre-industrial societies approximate the way of life in ancestral human societies, human mating behavior should be seen as the outcome of a co-evolutionary process between parental and offspring's mating choice. Both parents and offspring have evolved mating preferences, which enable them to select those mates and in-laws who maximize their inclusive fitness. Following Trivers' (1974) theory of parent-offspring conflict, it is hypothesized that in-law and mating preferences substantially overlap, but also differ with respect to the beauty trait of a mating candidate. This hypothesis is tested on a sample of 292 parents. It is found that the two sets of preferences are strongly correlated, while beauty is preferred significantly more in a mating partner than in an in-law.
The Nature of Inventive Activities: Evidence from a Data-Set of the Okouchi Prizes and a Comparison with the R&D 100 Awards

This paper conducts preliminary analysis on technological innovation by using prize and award data sets: the Okouchi Prizes and the R&D 100 Awards. It aims to outline longitudinal patterns of award-winning industries, organizational type, and inter-organizational collaboration. First, it shows that most awards in the 1960s were given in the area of electric appliances. The iron and steel industry was the second leading prize winner of the Okouchi Prizes. Meanwhile, the segment of transportation equipment, one of the Japan’s leading industries, fared poorly. Looking at the R&D 100 Awards, this segment’s presence has increased in Japan, while it has decreased in the U.S. since the 1970s. Lastly, the inter-organizational collaboration ratio was higher in Japan than in the U.S. until the 1980s. However, the U.S. showed an increase in the collaboration ratio starting in the 1980s, when the ratio dramatically dropped in Japan.
More than outcomes: The role of self-image in other-regarding behavior

We conduct a modified dictator game in order to analyze the role self-image concerns play in other-regarding behavior. While we generally follow Konow (2000), a cognitive dissonance-based model of other-regarding behavior in dictator games, we relax one of its assumptions as we allow for individual heterogeneity among individualsâ€™ standards of behavior. Subjectsâ€™ self-image, their belief regarding the average socially appropriate behavior of others and our proxies for the cognitive dissonance costs are positively correlated with the dictator game choices.We also find that subjects whose choices involve two psychologically inconsistent cognitions indeed report higher levels of experienced conflict and take more time for their decisions (our proxies for cognitive dissonance).
Properties of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus

Summary Purified preparations of grapevine fanleaf virus consist of three serologically indistinguishable centrifugal components, T, M and B, with sedimentation coefficients of 50, 86 and 120S respectively, and containing 0, 30 and 42% RNA. At equilibrium in CsCl gradients, T, M and B components precipitate. Their buoyant densities are 1.31, 1.41 and 1.49 g/ml, respectively. Infectivity is associated mostly with B component. RNA is single-stranded and occurs as two species with mol. wt. of 1.4 × 106 (RNA-2) and 2.4 × 106 (RNA-1). M particles contain only RNA-2 whereas B particles contain both species. RNA-2 is non-infective, some infectivity is associated with preparations of RNA-1, and infectivity can increase tenfold when RNA-1 and RNA-2 are mixed. The capsid contains a single protein species with mol. wt. of about 54000. Comparable data for arabis mosaic and raspberry mosaic viruses are similar. The present cryptogram of grapevine fanleaf virus is R/1:2.4/42 + 1.4/30:S/S:S/Ne.
Small is Beautiful: Motivational Allocation in the Non-Profit Sector

We build an occupational-choice general-equilibrium model with for-pro t rms, non-pro torganizations and endogenous private warm-glow donations. Lack of monitoring on the use offunds implies that an increase of funds of the non-pro t sector (because of a higher incomein the for-pro t sector, a stronger preference for giving, or an inflow of foreign aid) worsensthe motivational composition and performance of the non-pro t sector. We also analyze theconditions under which donors (through linking donations to the motivational composition of thenon-pro t sector), non-pro ts themselves (through peer monitoring), or the government (usinga tax- nanced public funding of non-pro ts) can eliminate the low-e¤ectiveness equilibrium. Wepresent supporting case-study evidence from humanitarian emergencies and developing-countryNGOs.
Parental Modelling in Child’s Nutrition Behaviours and Attitudes

Abstract While there are many factors influencing obesity, it can be said that the risk of obesity in children is increased by the nutrition behaviours and attitudes of parents as well as negative relationships within the family. In this regard, the aim of this study is to identify obesity and eating habits of children, parents’ attitudes for such behaviours, and factors influencing nutrition. A questionnaire with 4 parts was administrated to the parents of 650 children. Non-parametric and parametric statistical tests were applied on the collected data. At the end of the study, it was found that child nutrition is influenced by psychological and environmental factors, and that the child’s attitudes for healthy nutrition are influenced by the age and gender in children as well as the age, gender, the number of children, and education in parents. Furthermore, it was found that the behaviours of parents that influence the child’s nutrition include especially following the nutrition habits of the child, preventing the child to consume hazardous foods and guiding the child in nutrition.
' s personal copy Relationships of aeolian erosion and deposition with LiDAR-derived landscape surface roughness following wild fi re

a Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University-Boise, 322 E. Front St., Suite 240, Boise, ID 83702, USA b Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Ave, Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA c Department of Mathematics, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Ave, Stop 8085, Pocatello, ID 83209-8085, USA d Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Ave, Stop 8072, Pocatello, ID 83209-8072, USA
Temperature and modified atmosphere affect the quality of okra

Little information is available on the influence of temperature on plastic films wrapped okra (Albelmoschus esculentus) for their postharvested conservation. This works investigated the influence of the temperature and PVC film on the development of chilling injury and storability from one of the most popular Brazilian cultivar of okra cv. Amarelinho in fruits stored at 5, 10oC and at 25oC. Fruits were harvest at commercial maturity stage with length ranging from 8 to 12 cm, and immediately wrapped in PVC over a polystyrene tray and than stored until visible deterioration or wilting symptoms. Lowering the temperature of storage room from 25 to 10 or 5oC decreased the weight loss in both PVC wrapped and control fruits, with a lower rate at 5oC. By reducing the temperature to 5 or 10oC and wrapping the fruits in PVC film, the relative water content of the fruit pericarp was maintained throughout the storage, while at 25oC the high weight loss was associated with significant reduction of the water content. The development of chilling symptoms was delayed by the presence of PVC film in fruits stored at 5oC. However, at 10oC symptoms of pitting were not developed in PVC wrapped or control fruits up to tenth day of storage. The rate of chlorophyll degradation was diminished by reducing the temperature and by wrapping the fruits with PVC film. The appearance of severe chilling symptoms at 5oC was associated to less chlorophyll in the fruit pericarp on the control as compared to their content in the PVC wrapped fruits.
Coherent J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Article history: Received 17 September 2012 Received in revised form 16 November 2012 Accepted 26 November 2012 Available online 5 December 2012 Editor: V. Metag The ALICE Collaboration has made the first measurement at the LHC of J/ψ photoproduction in ultraperipheral Pb–Pb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV. The J/ψ is identified via its dimuon decay in the forward rapidity region with the muon spectrometer for events where the hadronic activity is required to be minimal. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 55 μb−1. The cross section for coherent J/ψ production in the rapidity interval −3.6 < y < −2.6 is measured to be dσ coh J/ψ/dy = 1.00±0.18(stat)+0.24 −0.26(syst) mb. The result is compared to theoretical models for coherent J/ψ production and found to be in good agreement with those models which include nuclear gluon shadowing. © 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Similar Physical Appearance Affects Friendship Selection in Preschoolers

Previous studies suggest that one characteristic of friendship should be similarity in terms of attributions, attitudes, and behavioral tendencies. Using an experimental approach, the present study investigated whether preschool children judge that similarity in physical appearance or behavioral tendencies affects friendship selection. Experiment 1, which used human-like figures as stimuli, revealed that both 4- and 5-year-olds (n = 32 and n = 30, respectively) judged that similar physical appearance affects friendship selection. We conducted a second experiment to test whether children were making judgments according to friendship selection, and not merely physical similarity; thus, in Experiment 2, we used nonhuman figures as stimuli, and found that 5-year-old children (n = 31) judged that similar physical appearance would affect friendship selection, whereas 4-year-old children (n = 31) showed no significant responses to any stimuli; this might be related to the development of the ability to make mental attributions to inanimate figures. The present findings suggest that young children regard similar physical appearance as an important factor for friendship selection. At least at the age of five, similarity might be an antecedent to friendship.
Bearing Witness to the 'Pain of Others': Researching Power, Violence and Resistance in a Women's Prison

Addressing the dynamics of interpersonal violence, institutionalised abuses and prisoner isolation, this article consolidates critical analyses as challenges to the essentially liberal constructions and interpretations of prisoner agency and penal reformism. Grounded in long-term research with women in prison in the North of Ireland, it connects embedded, punitive responses that undermine women prisoners’ self-esteem and mental health to the brutalising manifestations of formal and informal punishments, including lockdowns and isolation. It argues that critical social research into penal policy and prison regimes has a moral duty, an ethical obligation and a political responsibility to investigate abuses of power, seek out the ‘view from below’. Challenging the revisionism implicit within the ‘healthy prison’ discourse, it argues for alternatives to prison as the foundation of decarceration and abolition.
A new species of Pareuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the northwestern Amazon basin with characterisation of two potential synapomorphies for the genus

A new species of Pareuptychia Forster, 1964, P. milleri n. sp. , is described based on male specimens from the northwestern Amazon basin. Male specimens can be distinguished from other Pareuptychia species by the reduced white dorsal wing markings and darker ventral wing coloration. Two male genitalia characters are identified as likely synapomorphies for Pareuptychia . Morphological characters including male genitalia are illustrated and a distribution map is provided. The female of P. milleri n. sp. is unknown.
Gambling participation among adult Basketball players in Iceland

Studies in the field of gambling behaviour among Icelandic general public and even Icelandic soccer players are relatively common. Despite that, none studies have been conducted about gambling behaviour among Icelandic basketball players. The purpose of this study was to: i) Examine the prevalence of total participation in gambling activities and problem gambling among Icelandic basketball players, ii) To examine the relationship between problem gambling anxiety, depression and ADHD symptoms in the same population and finally to examine in Icelandic basketball players have been involved in behaviour that could possibly be related to match fixing. Participants in this study were 277, basketball players between 18-42 years old, 61% male and 39% female. Five questionnaires were administered; Gambling behaviour, Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), General Anxiety Disorder – 7 (GAD-7), Patient, Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) and ADHD rating scale. These questionnaires were sent to the participants via Facebook. Results show that male basketball players, gamble significantly more than female players. The most common gambling activity by Icelandic basketball players was Lottery, but basketball gambling on foreign website was the second most common activity. Results also showed that 5,4% were problematic gamblers. For male, there was a correlation between problematic gambling and depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms but not for female. About 28,6% of all participants knew about other players or coaches that had gamble on matches in their own division and 10,9% knew about players that had gambled on results on their own match. Of all participants 12,5% agreed that they had gambled on their own division and 13,3% had gambled on a game that they had played. The results indicate that both match fixing and problematic gambling might possibly be a problem in Icelandic Basketball, and it is important to educate basketball players about possible harmfulness of a regular gambling activity.
Herschel imaging of 61 Vir: implications for the prevalence of debris in low-mass planetary systems

This paper describes Herschel observations of the nearby (8.5pc) G5V multi-exoplanet host star 61Vir at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350 and 500m carried out as part of the DEBRIS survey. These observations reveal emission that is significantly extended out to a distance of >15arcsec with a morphology that can be fitted by a nearly edge-on (77° inclination) radially broad (from 30au out to at least 100au) debris disc of fractional luminosity 2.7 × 10 -5, with two additional (presumably unrelated) sources nearby that become more prominent at longer wavelengths. Chance alignment with a background object seen at 1.4GHz provides potential for confusion, however, the star's 1.4arcsecyr -1 proper motion allows archival Spitzer 70m images to confirm that what we are interpreting as disc emission really is circumstellar. Although the exact shape of the disc's inner edge is not well constrained, the region inside 30au must be significantly depleted in planetesimals. This is readily explained if there are additional planets outside those already known (i.e. in the 0.5-30au region), but is also consistent with collisional erosion. We also find tentative evidence that the presence of detectable debris around nearby stars correlates with the presence of the lowest mass planets that are detectable in current radial velocity surveys. Out of an unbiased sample of the nearest 60G stars, 11 are known to have planets, of which six (including 61Vir) have planets that are all less massive than Saturn, and four of these have evidence for debris. The debris towards one of these planet hosts (HD20794) is reported here for the first time. This fraction (4/6) is higher than that expected for nearby field stars (15per cent), and implies that systems that form low-mass planets are also able to retain bright debris discs. We suggest that this correlation could arise because such planetary systems are dynamically stable and include regions that are populated with planetesimals in the formation process where the planetesimals can remain unperturbed over Gyr time-scales.
PURPLE NUTSEDGE (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L.) MANAGEMENT IN COTTON WITH COMBINED APPLICATION OF SORGAAB AND S-METOLACHLOR

Allelopathy can be employed effectively for weed management in different ways; one such aspect may be its utilization for reducing the use of synthetic herbicides. Considering its importance as a natural weed control approach, a study comprising two doses of sorgaab (Sorghum bicolor L. water extract) 12 and 15 L ha -1 combined with lower doses i.e. ½ and 1/3 rd (1075, 717 g a.i. ha -1 ) of synthetic herbicide (S. metolachlor) as pre-emergence spray against purple nutsedge was undertaken in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under irrigated conditions in central Punjab, Pakistan. Label dose of S. metolachlor (2.15 kg a.i. ha -1 ) and untreated treatment were maintained as control. The results of two years field trials revealed that 62-92% purple nutsedge control was achieved from sorgaab application in combination with reduced doses of herbicide. Similarly purple nutsedge dry weight was reduced by 75-88% than untreated control indicating that sorgaab with lower S. metolachlor doses was quite effective in suppressing purple nutsedge.
Privacy-preserving carpooling

Mobility has always been an important aspect of human activities. Nowadays problems of congestion in urban areas due to the massive usage of cars, last-minutes travel needs and progress in information and communication technologies encourage the rise of new transport modes. Among those are carpooling services, which let car owners share the empty seats of their cars with other travellers having the same travel destination. However, the way carpooling services are implemented today raises several privacy issues. In this paper we use privacy enhancing technologies to improve the quality of carpooling services by specially taking in consideration privacy aspects.
Global Second-Order Pooling Convolutional Networks

Deep Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) are fundamental to, besides large-scale visual recognition, a lot of vision tasks. As the primary goal of the ConvNets is to characterize complex boundaries of thousands of classes in a high-dimensional space, it is critical to learn higher-order representations for enhancing non-linear modeling capability. Recently, Global Second-order Pooling (GSoP), plugged at the end of networks, has attracted increasing attentions, achieving much better performance than classical, first-order networks in a variety of vision tasks. However, how to effectively introduce higher-order representation in earlier layers for improving non-linear capability of ConvNets is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a novel network model introducing GSoP across from lower to higher layers for exploiting holistic image information throughout a network. Given an input 3D tensor outputted by some previous convolutional layer, we perform GSoP to obtain a covariance matrix which, after nonlinear transformation, is used for tensor scaling along channel dimension. Similarly, we can perform GSoP along spatial dimension for tensor scaling as well. In this way, we can make full use of the second-order statistics of the holistic image throughout a network. The proposed networks are thoroughly evaluated on large-scale ImageNet-1K, and experiments have shown that they outperform non-trivially the counterparts while achieving state-of-the-art results.
PROPAGATION OF A LASER BEAM THROUGH A PLANE AND FREE TURBULENT HEATED AIR FLOW: DETERMINATION OF THE STOCHASTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LASER BEAM RANDOM DIRECTION AND SOME EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The propagation of waves in a random medium is a very complex phenomena which presents numerous difficulties in its experimental approach, and in its theoretical analysis. In this work, the case of a laser beam direction during its random propagation through a hot free jet of air, is considered using geometrical optics. Some experiments are done in the jet and from the hypothesis of the Markovian process, the main stochastic characteristics of the laser beam direction are studied. In addition, the sensitivity of the probability density of the beam random direction with respect to the jet turbulent diffusion is determined.