Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FISH DENSITY AND FEEDING RATES ON GROWTH AND FOOD CONVERSION OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA LINNAEUS, 1758)

The effect of fish density and feeding rates on growth and food conversion of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) was studied in floating cages and fiberglass tanks in Sammaliah IslandAbu Dhabi. The results of floating cages experiment showed that there was no significant effects (p>0.) of fish density on growth and food conversion rate but there are significant effects (p<0.05) on fish production (4.11, 7.47 and 10.08) kg/m 3 for densities (50,100 and 150) fish/m 3 respectively. No significant differences between weight ranges [(27-125), (21-142), (30-126)] g of these fish at the end of experiment, and also between final weights (82.3, 77.4, 67.2) g for densities (50,100,150) fish/m 3 respectively. The results of fiberglass tanks experiment showed that there are no significant effects of feeding rate on growth, while there are significant effects on the food conversion rate (1.43, 2.86 and 3.71) for feeding rates (5, 7.5 and 10)% of fish weight respectively. Floating cages give better results from fiberglass tanks (growth rate 0.64 g/day compared with 0.4 g/day, final production 7.31 kg/m 3 compared with 4.58 kg/m 3 and final weight 75.6 g compared with 45.8 g). INTRODUCTION Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is a euryhaline and eurythermal Mediterranean fish, which is commonly found in inshore waters at littoral sandy bottoms (Bauchot and Hureau, 1986), while adults usually enter estuaries and lagoons, but they seasonally migrate out of them (Lasserre, 1974 and 1976). At the turn of next millennium, aquaculture will have to play a more and more definitive role in meeting the dietary needs of an increasing world population while making up for the decline in natural marine resources (Kaushik, 1997). The culture of gilthead seabream began later in order to meet market demand. In Europe the seabream and seabass industry intends to copy the success of salmon growers and their production reach about 75,000 metric tons in 1998 and then the price of seabream decreased from 16 dollars per kg in 1990 to 6 dollars (Lem, 1999). Alexis and Nengas (2003) stated that current production of gilthead seabream and European seabass (Dicentrachus labrax) in the Mediterranean area amount to about 110,000 tons. The production of gilthead seabream in the Mediterranean is affected during the cold season by a pathological condition called "winter syndrome" (Padros et al., 1996 and Tort et al., 1998). Coutteau et al. (2001) stated that the incidence of this pathology varies from year to year and from place to place, but it appears recurrently every cold season, particularly in regions where water temperature decreases below 11-12°C. UAE have strong comparative advantages compared to other parts of the world which includes warm sea
Simultaneous Measurements of Low-Frequency Natural Electric Field at Two Neighbouring Stations

Simultaneous Measurements of Low-Frequency Natural Electric Field at Two Neighbouring Stations The electromagnetic eigenmodes of Earth-ionosphere global resonator known as Schumann Resonances (SR) are excited by global lightning activity. The simultaneous measurements of electric field in the ELF (~5 - 100 Hz) frequency band at two observatories clearly reveal the global character of the resonator response to the excitation both in the permanent Schumann background as well as in isolated events (transients). It is shown that measurement of ELF electric field can be done with relatively simple equipment.
Long-lived halocarbon trends and budgets from atmospheric chemistry modelling constrained with measurements in polar firn

Abstract. The budgets of seven halogenated gases (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, CCl4 and SF6) are studied by comparing measurements in polar firn air from two Arctic and three Antarctic sites, and simulation results of two numerical models: a 2-D atmospheric chemistry model and a 1-D firn diffusion model. The first one is used to calculate atmospheric concentrations from emission trends based on industrial inventories; the calculated concentration trends are used by the second one to produce depth concentration profiles in the firn. The 2-D atmospheric model is validated in the boundary layer by comparison with atmospheric station measurements, and vertically for CFC-12 by comparison with balloon and FTIR measurements. Firn air measurements provide constraints on historical atmospheric concentrations over the last century. Age distributions in the firn are discussed using a Green function approach. Finally, our results are used as input to a radiative model in order to evaluate the radiative forcing of our target gases. Multi-species and multi-site firn air studies allow to better constrain atmospheric trends. The low concentrations of all studied gases at the bottom of the firn, and their consistency with our model results confirm that their natural sources are small. Our results indicate that the emissions, sinks and trends of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-115 and SF6 are well constrained, whereas it is not the case for CFC-114 and CCl4. Significant emission-dependent changes in the lifetimes of halocarbons destroyed in the stratosphere were obtained. Those result from the time needed for their transport from the surface where they are emitted to the stratosphere where they are destroyed. Efforts should be made to update and reduce the large uncertainties on CFC lifetimes.
Awareness of Electronic Databases by Academic Staff in Private Universities in South-West Nigeria

Awareness of the databases among academics in institutions of higher learning is important because the ultimate use of the databases is for academics to be aware and utilise them effectively to contribute to academic achievement in academia. Literature identified lack of awareness as the main factors militating against effective use of electronic databases partly due to level of user education, preference, orientations and training. This study therefore, investigated the awareness- perception, level of user education and information literacy.The descriptive survey research design of the correlational type was adopted. A total of 1656 academic staff in the 21 private universities were sampled. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 60% academic staff across the ranks in 21 private universities. The main research instruments used to collect data for the study was questionnaire. Data generated were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Spearman’s rank was used to test hypothesis at 0.05 level of confidence.The result of the analysis showed that there was average level of awareness of electronic databases among academic staff in private universities in South-west, Nigeria. The study recommended libraries/librarians, database producers/ vendors, publishers and private universities ICT units/departments to raise the level of awareness of electronic databases in the private universities in South-west, Nigeria as higher awareness can influence higher utilisation of the electronic databases. Keywords: Research Productivity, Electronic Databases, Private Universities, Academic Staff, Awareness
The Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis - three anciently separated cryptic species revealed

135‐142). Here we analyse songs and calls from throughout the range of the Arctic Warbler, and conclude that these differ markedly and consistently among the populations representing the three mitochondrial clades. Kurile populations, for which no sequence data are available, are shown to belong to the second clade. To determine the correct application of available scientific names, mitochondrial DNA was sequenced from three name-bearing type specimens collected on migration or in the winter quarters. Based on the congruent variation in mitochondrial DNA, morphology and vocalizations, we propose that three species be recognized: Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis (sensu stricto) (continental Eurasia and Alaska), Kamchatka Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus examinandus (Kamchatka (at least the southern part), Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Kurile Islands), and Japanese Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus xanthodryas (Japan except Hokkaido).
Carcass characteristics, immune response and organ weight influenced by different house zones in sexed broilers

The aim of study was to examine carcass characteristics and organ weight in sexed broilers maintained over three different house zones (Pad, Central and Fan) having 4 feeding regimes from 0-10, 11-20, 21-34 and 35-42 days with CP levels of 21, 20, 18 and 17%, respectively. At the termination of the trial, all the treatment groups received the same weighed average of 19 % crude protein and 2800 Kcal/kg energy. At 6th week of age, 6 birds / treatment group were slaughtered and internal organ weights and carcass characteristics were examined. Statistical analysis of data through CRD under factorial arrangement and comparison of mean using DMR test with the help of SAS 9.1 revealed significant effect (P<0.05) of different house zones on organs weight and slaughter characteristics . The anti-body titer of ELISA for IBD and HI for ND were significantly affected by three house zones. The overall results suggested that the broilers reared near pad zone had better dressing percentage and carcass yield.
Tempo of Diversification of Global Amphibians: One-Constant Rate, One-Continuous Shift or Multiple-Discrete Shifts?

In this brief report, alternative time-varying diversification rate models were fitted onto the phylogeny of global amphibians by considering one-constant-rate (OCR), one-continuous-shift (OCS) and multiplediscrete- shifts (MDS) situations. The OCS diversification model was rejected by γ statistic (γ=-5.556, p? 0.001), implying the existence of shifting diversification rates for global amphibian phylogeny. Through model selection, MDS diversification model outperformed OCS and OCR models using “laser” package under Renvironment. Moreover, MDS models, implemented using another R package “MEDUSA”, indicated that there were sixteen shifts over the internal nodes for amphibian phylogeny. Conclusively, both OCS and MDS models are recommended to compare so as to better quantify rate-shifting trends of species diversification. MDS diversification models should be preferential for large phylogenies using “MEDUSA” package in which any arbitrary numbers of shifts are allowed to model.
Miocene Cyclopid Copepod from a Saline Paleolake in Mojave, California

There are remarkably few direct fossil records of Copepoda, which implies that current estimates of the lineage divergence times and inferences on the historical biogeography remain highly dubious for these small-sized crustaceans. The Cyclopidae, a predominantly freshwater copepod family with 1000+ species and distributed worldwide, has no fossil record at all. Recent collections from the middle Miocene Barstow Formation in Southern California resulted in ample material of finely preserved cyclopid fossils, including both adult and larval stages. To document the antennulary setation pattern in the adult and copepodid instars we used a coding system that is coherent between sexes and developmental stages. The majority of the cyclopid fossils, coming from saline lake environment, represent the modern genus Apocyclops, a euryhaline, thermophilic group occurring both in the New World and Old World. A new species Apocyclops californicus is described, based on the short medial spine and spiny ornamentation of the free segment of leg 5, spinule ornamentation of pediger 5, and well-developed protuberances of the intercoxal sclerite of leg 4. The presence of antennal allobasis and the features of the swimming legs unambiguously place the Miocene Apocyclops in the A. panamensis-clade, a predominantly amphi-Pacific group. The middle Miocene fossils with clear affinities to a subgroup of Apocyclops imply an early Miocene or Paleogene origin of the genus. Based on the geographic patterns of the species richness and morphology in Apocyclops and its presumed closest relative, genus Metacyclops, we hypothesize that: (i) the ancestor of Apocyclops, similar in morphology to some cave-dweller Metacyclops occurring today in the peri-Mediterranean region, might have arrived in North America from Europe via the Thulean North Atlantic bridge in the late Paleocene—early Eocene; (ii) Eocene termination of the Thulean land connection might have resulted in the divergence of Apocyclops from the Metacyclops stock.
Effects of Paternal Reproductive Tactic on Juvenile Behaviour and Kin Recognition in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Salmonids are characterized by alternative reproductive tactics, which can lead to an asymmetry in relatedness among offspring within nests and consequently the benefit of discriminating among nestmates. In this study, we examined the effect of paternal reproductive tactic on juvenile behaviour and kin discrimination in Chinook salmon. We created maternal half-sibling families by collecting eggs from mature females and fertilizing one-half with the milt of a precocious 2-yr-old male and the other half with the milt of a non-precocious 4-yr-old male. These families were reared in full-sibling groups for approximately 9 mo, and social interactions were then observed in groups of six fish of mixed relatedness. We found evidence for kin discrimination, as significantly less aggression was directed towards related fish than unrelated fish, and the same trends were observed regardless of whether social interactions included full-siblings or half-siblings. These results show that familiarity is not required to recognize kin and thereby implicate phenotype matching as the mechanism of kin recognition. We also found that the offspring of 2-yr-old males were larger and more aggressive than the offspring of 4-yr-old males, which is consistent with other studies showing that precocious males are the fastest-growing members of their cohort. However, kin-directed behaviours did not differ between the offspring of 2- and 4-yr-old males.
Direct measurements of OH and other product yields from the HO 2 + CH 3 C(O)O 2 reaction

Abstract. The reaction CH3C(O)O2 + HO2 → CH3C(O)OOH + O2 (Reaction R5a), CH3C(O)OH + O3 (Reaction R5b), CH3 + CO2 + OH + O2 (Reaction R5c) was studied in a series of experiments conducted at 1000 mbar and (293 ± 2) K in the HIRAC simulation chamber. For the first time, products, (CH3C(O)OOH, CH3C(O)OH, O3 and OH) from all three branching pathways of the reaction have been detected directly and simultaneously. Measurements of radical precursors (CH3OH, CH3CHO), HO2 and some secondary products HCHO and HCOOH further constrained the system. Fitting a comprehensive model to the experimental data, obtained over a range of conditions, determined the branching ratios α(R5a) = 0.37 ± 0.10, α(R5b) = 0.12 ± 0.04 and α(R5c) = 0.51 ± 0.12 (errors at 2σ level). Improved measurement/model agreement was achieved using k(R5) = (2.4 ± 0.4) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which is within the large uncertainty of the current IUPAC and JPL recommended rate coefficients for the title reaction. The rate coefficient and branching ratios are in good agreement with a recent study performed by Gros et al. (2014b); taken together, these two studies show that the rate of OH regeneration through Reaction (R5) is more rapid than previously thought. GEOS-Chem has been used to assess the implications of the revised rate coefficients and branching ratios; the modelling shows an enhancement of up to 5 % in OH concentrations in tropical rainforest areas and increases of up to 10 % at altitudes of 6–8 km above the equator, compared to calculations based on the IUPAC recommended rate coefficient and yield. The enhanced rate of acetylperoxy consumption significantly reduces PAN in remote regions (up to 30 %) with commensurate reductions in background NOx.
Social Representations of Trust Among Teachers and Principals in Cameroonian, Indian, and Finnish Schools

Quantitative studies on trust often attempt to measure levels of trust, while neglecting local meanings of trust. These studies are usually based on Eurocentric models in Western cultures, though the models may have limited ecological validity. As a result, this study sought to investigate trust as locally produced structures and practices in Cameroon, Finland and India. In each country, teachers and principals were interviewed individually, while nineteen focus groups among teachers were also conducted (N = 111). The theory of social representations provides the methodological framework for the study. Our analyses suggest that in Cameroon understandings of trust were anchored in complementarity, in Finland in contracts, and in India in social hierarchies. We suggest that the Cameroonian representations were more fluid than in the other two countries, which may be due in part to the working arrangements there. In all of the national contexts, numerous metaphors and imagery helped to solidify trust as phenomena built in everyday practices. Cooperation was an important element in the data from all of the country contexts, although it had particular and varying meanings in each. Finally, we interpret culturally embedded dichotomies, or themata, that participants draw upon to imbue workplace trust with meaning. We discuss the analyses and interpretations in terms of local practices and the concrete conditions in which the participants worked.
Effect of pre-harvest sprays of ascorbic acid and calcium chloride on fruit quality and storage life of Flame Seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L

The present investigations entitled “Effect of pre-harvest sprays of ascorbic acid calcium chloride on fruit quality and storage life of Flame Seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)” were carried out in the New Orchard and Post-harvest Laboratory, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2012. To improve quality and storage life the preharvest prays of ascorbic acid and calcium chloride was given at fruit-set and veraison stage in treatment T1 to T6. The treatment T7 (Bunch thinning + GA3 40ppm) and T8 (75% crop load + Ethephon at verasion @ 400ppm) were also included for comparison. The fruits were harvested at fully ripe stage and brought to laboratory for ascertaining the effect on fruit quality and packaging in CFB boxes (2 kg) lined with LDPE having half sheet of sulphur dioxide generating pad for storage study. The time of ripening was advanced by 5-days in the treatment T8 (crop load 75% + ethephon 400 ppm) as compared to control, while in the treatment T7, in which bunch thinning + gibberellic acid 40 ppm was applied time of ripening was advanced by 3-days.The treatment T7 i.e. bunch thinning + gibberellic acid resulted in significantly higher yield (33.54 kg/vine) followed by treatment T8 (75 % crop load + Ethephon 400 ppm) which was recorded 31.05 kg fruit yield per vine. Likewise, improved fruit quality w.r. t to higher total soluble solids (TSS), lower acidity, higher sugars and anthocyanin content was also recorded in treatment T8 (75 % crop load + Ethephon 400 ppm). In the storage studies, the lowest mean PLW (3.54%) and berry shattering (8.43 %) was recorded in treatment T7 i.e. bunch thinning + gibberellic acid 40 ppm. The treatments in which 75 per cent crop load and 400 ppm ethephon was sprayed recorded maximum (8.00) mean palatability rating, followed by 7.87 palatability score found in treatment (T7) subjected to bunch thinning + GA3 (40 ppm) at the end of storage period. The TSS: acid ratio increased with the advancement in storage period. The highest mean TSS: acid ratio of 42.85 was recorded in treatment T8, i.e. crop load (75 %) + 400 ppm ethephon. The TSS: acid ratio mean was lowest (20.55) in control T9. The present study suggests that the pre-harvest application of 75 per cent crop load + ethephon (@ 400ppm at veraison) should be given for improvement in fruit quality and advancement in ripening in Flame Seedless grapes. While, for extending the storage life vines should be subjected to pre-harvest application of bunch thinning and application of GA3 @ 40 ppm at fruit-set and one week after fruit-set.
Comparison of Model-Simulated and Observed Currents in the Central Adriatic During DART

[1] Numerical simulations of the Adriatic Sea were performed with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) during the Dynamics of the Adriatic in Real Time (DART) Experiments conducted between October 2005 and September 2006. Grid resolution was 1 km. Model forcing included tides, surface fluxes from the Aire Limitee Adaptation Dynamique Developpement International (ALADIN) atmospheric model, relaxation to a daily satellite sea surface temperature analysis, extensive river and runoff discharges, and open boundary conditions south of Otranto specified from a global model. Currents predicted by the model were compared with currents from 12 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) moorings located along a line between the Gargano Peninsula, Italy, and Split, Croatia. The nontidal comparisons were performed with detided currents. Correlations between the model and ADCP currents were highest in the Western Adriatic Current (WAC), which flows southeastward along the Italian coast. Lowest correlations were in the interior of the Adriatic, likely because of instability processes. Correlations between the ALADIN winds and the model and ADCP currents at the mooring locations were also highest in the WAC. For November 2005 through August 2006, the model and ADCP mean WAC transports were 0.321 and 0.304 Sv, respectively, with a temporal correlation of 0.79. Comparison of current variance showed best agreement near the Italian and Croatian coasts. In the interior, the NCOM current variance compared fairly well with that of the ADCPs for November–January but decreased significantly relative to the ADCPs for February–August. Spectral analyses indicate most of the difference in variance to be at periods exceeding 2 days.
Risk-related Disclosures by Non-finance Companies: Portuguese Practices and Discloser Characteristics

Purpose — We assess the risk-related disclosure practices in annual reports for 2005 of Portuguese companies in the non-finance sector. Design/methodology/approach — We conduct a content analysis of a sample of 81 companies (42 listed and 39 unlisted). In considering corporate governance effects, the sample is reduced to the 42 listed companies that are required to disclose a corporate governance report. Findings —Implementation of IAS/IFRS and the European Union’s Modernisation Directive in 2005 did not affect the quantity and quality of risk-related disclosures positively. Disclosures are generic, qualitative, and backward-looking. Public visibility (as assessed by size and environmental sensitivity) is a crucial influence in explaining risk-related disclosures: companies appear to manage their reputation through disclosure of risk-related information. Agency costs associated with leverage are important influences also. In listed companies, the presence of independent directors improves the level of risk-related disclosures. Research limitations —Content analysis does not allow readily for in-depth qualitative inquiry. The coding instrument is subject to coder bias. Information about risk can be provided in sources other than annual reports. The study is confined to one year/one country and pre-dates the global financial crisis (2008) and the implementation of IFRS 7 (2007). Originality/value — The results point to the desirability of enhancing accountability by mandating further disclosure of substantive and relevant risk-related information in company annual reports. The risk-related disclosures observed are shown to be explained by a confluence of agency theory, legitimacy theory and resources-based perspectives.