Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competition analysis using neighborhood models: implications for plant community assembly rules

Contemporary studies in plant ecology have investigated the processes and patterns underlying plant community of structure and dynamics, mainly in tropical forests. In this context, the effects of competitive interactions between trees and their neighbors on tree growth and survival in plant communities have been addressed using neighborhood models. The purpose of these efforts has been to better understand the processes that drive patterns of species abundance, which has the potential to change our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary factors involved in ecosystem dynamics. Therefore, studies concerning the competitive mechanisms that explain neighborhood interactions of plants are the subject of this short review. Two main ecological theories have received strong support in this regard: 1) environmental filtering and 2) niche complementarity. These theories are mutually compatible and act simultaneously, however, their relative importance may change depending on resource availability, type of plant community and successional stage.
Patterns of genetic variation in bud flushing of Abies alba populations

Abstract: In the spring of 2007, 51 full-sib and six half-sib families of European silver fir were obtained through controlled and open pollinations from the same clones in a seed orchard. Genetic variation and parameters for bud flushing were determined in two progeny tests established in a nursery. The results indicate a high genetic control of bud flushing of European silver fir. Both the additive and the dominance genetic variances were major sources of genetic variation. The additive genetic variance was greater for open-pollinated than for full-sib progeny, representing 50-95% of phenotypic variance. Narrow-sense individual heritability estimates for control-pollinated progenies ranged from 0.14 to 0.64, while the full-sib family heritability ranged from 0.09 to 0.40. In the open-pollinated progenies, the values of individual and family heritability were higher than those in control-pollinated progeny and ranged from 0.50 to 0.95 for both. In both experiments, genetic parameters were higher for bud flushing at the beginning of the growing period than at later stages. The genetic correlations between bud phenology and growth traits were positive and significant in control-pollinated progeny but not significant in open-pollinated progeny. Positive significant correlations between control-pollinated and open-pollinated progeny showed a maternal effect. Bud flushing was negatively correlated with geographic and climatic parameters of the site of parents’ origin, accounting for 83-97% of the total variation of this adaptive trait.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering THE EFFECT OF THE INNER CYLINDER ROTATION ON THE FLUID DYNAMICS OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC ANNULI

Helical flow in an annular space occurs during oil drilling operations. The correct prediction of flow of drilling fluid in an annular space between the wellbore wall and the drill pipe is essential to determine the variation in fluid pressure within the wellbore. This paper presents experimental and CFD simulation results of the pressure drop in the flow of non-Newtonian fluids through a concentric annular section and another section with fixed eccentricity (E = 0.75), using aqueous solutions of two distinct polymers (Xanthan Gum and Carboxymethylcellulose). The hydrodynamic behavior in this annular system was analyzed based on the experimental and CFD results, providing important information such as the formation of zones with preferential flows and stagnation regions.
Understanding individual experiences of cyberbullying encountered through work

Little research has explored individual experiences of cyberbullying in working contexts. To start bridging the gap in our current understanding, we used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore individuals' shared experiences of cyberbullying encountered through work. In-depth interviews, conducted with five cyberbullied workers from the pharmaceutical, charity and university sectors, resulted in five superordinate themes: attributions of causality; crossing of boundaries; influence of communication media richness on relationship development; influence of communication explicitness and openness; and strategies for coping. Overall, some similarities emerged between cyberbullying experiences and traditional bullying research, yet the complexities associated with managing relationships, both virtually and physically, were central to individuals' subjective experiences. Practical implications in developing effective leadership and business policies to support virtual groups and manage behaviours are discussed.
Using volunteered geographical information to map the November 2012 floods in Slovenia

Abstract. Volunteered geographical information represents a promising field in the monitoring and mapping of natural disasters. The contributors of volunteered geographical information have the advantage that they are at the location of the natural disaster at exactly the time when the disaster happened. Therefore, they can provide the most complete account of the extent of the damage. This is not always possible when applying photogrammetric or remote-sensing methods, as prior to the data acquisition an order to carry out the measurements has to be made. On 5 and 6 November 2012 almost half of Slovenia was badly affected by floods. The gathering of volunteered geographical information in the form of images and videos of these floods is presented. Two strategies were used: (1) a public call for volunteered contributions and (2) a web search for useful images and their authors. The authorship of these images was verified with every contributor. In total, 15 contributors provided 102 terrestrial and aerial images and one aerial video, with 45% classified as potentially useful. For actual flood mapping 22 images and 12 sequences from video were used. With the help of the volunteered images 12% of the most severely affected river sections were mapped. Altogether, 1195.3 ha of flooded areas outside of the usual river beds along a total river length of 48 km were mapped. The results are compared with those from satellite mapping of the same floods, which successfully covered 18% of the most affected river sections.
Outcomes of occupational stress in a higher education institution

The objectives of this study were to determine the occupational stressors for support staff at a higher education institution in the North West Province and to investigate the relationship between occupational stress, ill health, organisational commitment and organisational outcomes. An Organisational Screening Tool (ASSET) and a biographical questionnaire were administered. The results showed that, compared with normative data, support staff overall demonstrated average levels of occupational stress. However, Job Control, Resources, Communication and Work Relationships were found to be problematic stressors that mainly influenced organisational commitment. The prediction of losses suffered by the higher education institution due to absenteeism, presenteeism and turnover intention indicate that occupational stress is costly to the institution.
Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health status in polish unemployed persons – differences between men and women

This study investigates the relationship between EI and the state of mental health of unemployed persons. Gender differences were also identified in terms of mental health and its correlation with EI. A sample of 160 Polish unemployed persons aged 35 to 45 years filled in self-descriptive measures of EI and mental health. Significant gender differences were found – unemployed women were characterised by a greater intensity of mental health disorders than unemployed men. EI was negatively correlated with mental health disorders, but the correlations were few and weaker than expected. However, when unemployed persons with a low, average and high EI were compared, it turned out that participants with a low EI were characterised by a significantly worse condition of mental health than participants with a average or high EI.
Schmidt–Kennicutt relations in SPH simulations of disc galaxies with effective thermal feedback from supernovae

We study several versions of the Schmidt-Kennicutt (SK) relation obtained for isolated spiral galaxies in TreeSPH simulations run with the GADGET3 code including the novel MUlti-Phase Particle Integrator (MUPPI) algorithm for star formation and stellar feedback. This is based on a sub-resolution multi-phase treatment of gas particles, where star formation is explicitly related to molecular gas, and the fraction of gas in the molecular phase is computed from hydrodynamical pressure, following a phenomenological correlation. No chemical evolution is included in this version of the code. The standard SK relation between surface densities of cold (neutral+molecular) gas and star formation rate of simulated galaxies shows a steepening at low gas surface densities, starting from a knee whose position depends on disc gas fraction: for more gas-rich discs the steepening takes place at higher surface densities. Because gas fraction and metallicity are typically related, this environmental dependence mimics the predictions of models where the formation of H2 is modulated by metallicity. The cold gas surface density at which HI and molecular gas surface densities equate can range from 10 up to 34 M pc 2 . As expected, the SK relation obtained using molecular gas shows much smaller variations among simulations. We find that disc pressure is not well represented by the classical external pressure of a disc in vertical hydrostatic equilibrium. Instead is well fit by the expression Pt = cold cold= 6, where the three quantities on the right-hand side are cold gas surface density, vertical velocity dispersion and epicyclic frequency. When the “dynamical” SK relation, i.e. the relation that uses gas surface density divided by orbital time, is considered, we find that all of our simulations stay on the same relation. We interpret this as a manifestation of the equilibrium between energy injection and dissipation in stationary galaxy discs, when energetic feedback is effective and pressure is represented by the expression given above. These findings further support the idea that a realistic model of the structure of galaxy discs should take into account energy injection by SNe.
The National Standardized Test Policy for English Subject: Students’ Perception

The present study was part of a larger study concerned with examining whether students perceived the use of the national standardized test policy was taking the teaching and learning English at schools in the right direction. A total of 267 completed questionnaires received from year 1, 2, and 3 students enrolled at a public university English education program, Indonesia and answered a questionnaire addressing test preparation activities, controversial testing practices, and the use and accuracy of the national standardized test. This study shed light on our understanding of how participants perceived the national standardized test policy had changed the process of teaching and learning English in the classroom.
Temperature Effects on Tensile and Compressive Mechanical Behaviors of C-S-H Structure via Atomic Simulation

An atomic scale model of amorphous calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with Ca/Si ratio of 1.67 is constructed. Effects of temperature on mechanical properties of C-S-H structure under tensile and compressive loading in the layered direction are investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. Results from present simulations show that (1) the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of C-S-H structure significantly decrease with the increase of the temperature; (2) the water layer plays an important role in the mechanical properties of C-S-H structure; (3) the compressive strength is stronger than tensile strength, which corresponds with the characteristic of cement paste.
Interactive effects of soil water content and phytin supply on phosphorus nutrition of different crops species

In einem achtwochigen Gefasversuch wurden die wechselseitigen Effekte von organischer P-Zufuhr und Trockenstress auf die P-Versorgung vier verschiedener Fruchtarten untersucht. Dabei wurde Phytin als organische P-Quelle (0.40 g P pro Gefas) genutzt. Zur Kontrolle wurde eine Variante ohne P-Zufuhr angelegt. Zwei Wasserstufen wurden entsprechend 60 % (optimale Versorgung) und 30 % (Trockenstressvariante) der maximalen Wasserhaltekapazitat des Bodens eingestellt. Die P-Aufnahme, der Biomasseertrag sowie der Prolin-Gehalt der Fruchtarten Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense ), Amarant (Amaranthus cruentus), Raps (Brassica napus) and Roggen (Secale cereale) wurden untersucht. Im Boden wurden der pH Wert, ausgewahlte P-Fraktionen, sowie der Grad der P-Sattigung ermittelt. Zudem wurde die Aktivitat der sauren und alkalischen Phosphatase bestimmt. Trockenstress reduzierte die P-Aufnahme von Sorghum und Roggen, wahrend Amarant und Raps keinen Ruck- gang in der P-Aufnahme zeigten. Die Zufuhr von organischem P erhohte die P-Aufnahme sowie die Biomasse aller Fruchtarten in beiden Wasserstufen um etwa 30 %. Die Wirkung des Trockenstress im Vergleich zur optimalen Wasserversorgung wurde allerdings durch eine P-Zufuhr nicht abgeschwacht. Unter Trockenstress wurden stark erhohte Prolin-Gehalte bei Raps und Roggen gemessen. Die Aktivitat der sauren Phosphatasen im Boden stieg ebenfalls unter Trockenstress sowie durch die Zufuhr von organischem P an. Die P-Pools im Boden wurden durch die Bilanz von P-Zufuhr und P-Aufnahme der Pflanzen beeinflusst, offensichtlich jedoch nicht durch die unterschiedliche Wasserversorgung
Leadership Style and Student Satisfaction:Mediation of Teacher Effectiveness

T eacher leadership style, his/her teaching effectiveness, and student satisfaction are considered to be the key to enhancing effective teaching-learning experiences in educational setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teacher leadership styles and student satisfaction, and investigate if teacher effectiveness mediated the relationship. One hundred thirteen graduate management students and 11 management teachers participated in the survey conducted in a business school in Kathmandu, Nepal. Results suggest that teacher’s effectiveness is significantly predicted by teacher’s transformational leadership style and is also a significant predictor of student satisfaction. Also, teacher effectiveness was found to partially mediate the relationship between teacher’s transformational leadership and student satisfaction, with teacher’s transformational style predicting student satisfaction. Limitations of the study are identified, important implications and future research issues are discussed.
The World's Appetite for Light: Empirical Data and Trends Spanning Three Centuries and Six Continents

Abstract We have collected and self-consistently analyzed data for per-capita consumption of artificial light, per-capita gross domestic product, and ownership cost of light. The data span a wide range (three centuries, six continents, five lighting technologies, and five orders of magnitude), and are consistent with a linear variation of per-capita consumption of light with the ratio between per-capita gross domestic product and ownership cost of light. No empirical evidence is found for a saturation in per-capita consumption of light, even in contemporary developed nations. Finally, we extrapolate to the world in 2005, and find that 0.72 percent ($437B/year) of world gross domestic product and 6.5 percent (29.5 Quads/year) of world primary energy was used to produce 130 Plmh/year of artificial light.
Development of Electron Bernstein Wave Research in MAST

Burning plasma spherical tokamaks (STs) rely on off-axis current drive (CD) and nonsolenoid start-up techniques. Electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) may provide efficient off-axis heating and CD in high-density ST plasmas. EBWs may also be used in the plasma start-up phase because EBW absorption and CD efficiency remain high even in relatively cold plasmas. EBW studies on the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) can be subdivided into four separate subjects: thermal electron cyclotron emission observations from overdense plasmas, EBW modeling, proof-of-principle EBW heating experiments with the existing 60-GHz gyrotrons, and EBW assisted plasma start-up at 28 GHz. These studies are also aimed at determining the potential for a high-power EBW system for heating and CD in MAST. The optimum choice of frequency and launch configuration is a key issue for future applications in MAST. This paper describes diagnostics, modeling tools, and high-power radio frequency systems developed specifically for EBW research in MAST. The experimental methodology employed in proof-of-principle EBW heating experiments along with experimental results is discussed in detail. EBW heating via the ordinary-extraordinary-Bernstein (O-X-B) mode conversion has clearly been observed for the first time in an ST.
Efficacy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extracts against the pea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus and their impact on biochemical and microbiological properties of the treated bambara groundnut grains

The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf hexane, acetone and methanol extracts against Callosobruchus maculatus and their impact on biochemical, sensorial and microbiological properties of the treated Vigna subterranea grains in the laboratory. Each plant extract was applied at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20g/kg on the bambara groundnut grains and pea beetles were released in each concentration test and C. maculatus was monitored 1, 3 and 6 days post-exposure. Effects of the plant products on progeny production F1 and damages caused by C. maculatus after three months post-storage were evaluated. Biochemical, sensorial and microbiological characteristics of the preserved seeds were also assessed. Plant extracts tested caused a significant mortality and reduced progeny production F1 of C. maculatus. Hexane extract (5g/kg) was most effective causing 78.75% mortality of insect, completely inhibited progeny production F1 and protected seeds for 3 months from insect attack. Kodek bambara groundnut variety was rich in proteins (21.53%), carbohydrates (61.24%) and minerals (3.54%). Antinutrients in treated grains increased but remained below the threshold values. The preservation of bambara groundnut grains with the plant extracts improved the organoleptic properties but affected the taste, tender and the crisp of the derived products. The plant extracts also protected V. subterranea flour against the micro-organisms.
Jet-edge interaction tones

Motivated by the problem of jet–flap interaction noise, we study the tonal dynamics that occurs when an isothermal turbulent jet grazes a sharp edge. We perform hydrodynamic and acoustic pressure measurements to characterise the tones as a function of Mach number and streamwise edge position. The observed distribution of spectral peaks cannot be explained using the usual edge-tone model, in which resonance is underpinned by coupling between downstream-travelling Kelvin–Helmholtz wavepackets and upstream-travelling sound waves. We show, rather, that the strongest tones are due to coupling between Kelvin–Helmholtz wavepackets and a family of trapped, upstream-travelling acoustic modes in the potential core, recently studied by Towne et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 825, 2017) and Schmidt et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 825, 2017). We also study the band-limited nature of the resonance, showing the high-frequency cutoff to be due to the frequency dependence of the upstream-travelling waves. Specifically, at high Mach number, these modes become evanescent above a certain frequency, whereas at low Mach number they become progressively trapped with increasing frequency, which inhibits their reflection in the nozzle plane.
Examining the Subjective Well-Being of Adolescents in terms of Demographic Variables, Parental Control, and Parental Warmth

In the present research, the relationships among parental control, parental warmth, parental education, parental income, gender and age with adolescents’ subjective well-being was analyzed. The participants were 643 adolescents from 14 to 19 years of age, of whom 58% were females and 42% were males. Results indicated that parental income was associated with high life satisfaction while adolescents’ age was positively related to negative affect. While parental warmth predicted life satisfaction and positive affect, parental control did not. Negative affect was predicted by both paternal and maternal warmth and paternal control. Findings suggest that parental warmth has important implications for adolescents’ well being whereas parental control plays a restricted role.
Manipulating legume/cereal mixtures to optimize the above and below ground interactions in the traditional African cropping systems

The purpose of mixing legume and cereals in the cropping systems is to optimise the use of spatial, temporal, and physical resources both above- and below ground, by maximising positive interactions (facilitation) and minimising negative ones (competition) among the components. The complex interactions in legume/cereal cropping systems such as those used by traditional farmers have received little research attention. Information from such studies is likely to provide an understanding of plant survival strategies when subjected to stress in mixtures. Current knowledge on how plants in mixtures change their biological and chemical environments and the potential benefits associated with such processes are assessed in this review.
FCC study : parameters and optics for hadron and lepton colliders

A new international study has just been launched to design a hadron collider with a centre-of-mass energy of the order of 100 TeV in a new 80-100 km tunnel as a long-term goal. The design study includes a 90-350 GeV lepton collider, seen as a potential intermediate step, and an ep option. This paper reports on the overall parameters and preliminary optics designs with special emphasis on the Interaction Regions and the constraints arising for having to host both the lepton and the hadron colliders. Preliminary hardware specifications, as magnetic field, gradient, lengths and aperture are also presented.