Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Out-of-time-order correlations in the quasiperiodic Aubry-André model

We study out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) in a free fermionic model with a quasiperiodic potential. This model is equivalent to the Aubry-Andr\'e model and features a phase transition from an extended phase to a localized phase at a nonzero value of the strength of the quasiperiodic potential. We investigate five different time regimes of interest for out-of-time-ordered correlators: early, wave front, $x={v}_{B}t$, late time equilibration, and infinite time. For the early time regime we observe a power law for all potential strengths. For the precursor time regime preceding the wave front we confirm a recently proposed universal form and use it to extract the characteristic velocity of the wave front for the present model. A Gaussian waveform is observed to work well in the time regime surrounding $x={v}_{B}t$, the wave front arrival time. Our main result is for the late time equilibration regime where we derive a finite time equilibration bound for the OTOC, bounding the correlator's distance from its late time value. The bound impose strict limits on equilibration of the OTOC in the extended regime and is valid not only for the Aubry-Andr\'e model but for any quadratic model. Finally, momentum out-of-time-ordered correlators for the Aubry-Andr\'e model are studied where large values of the OTOC are observed at late times at the critical point.
Trade-offs in Distributed Interactive Proofs

The study of interactive proofs in the context of distributed network computing is a novel topic, recently introduced by Kol, Oshman, and Saxena [PODC 2018]. In the spirit of sequential interactive proofs theory, we study the power of distributed interactive proofs. This is achieved via a series of results establishing trade-offs between various parameters impacting the power of interactive proofs, including the number of interactions, the certificate size, the communication complexity, and the form of randomness used. Our results also connect distributed interactive proofs with the established field of distributed verification. In general, our results contribute to providing structure to the landscape of distributed interactive proofs.
On Function Spaces with Mixed Norms — A Survey

The targets of this article are threefold. The first one is to give a survey on the recent developments of function spaces with mixed norms, including mixed Lebesgue spaces, iterated weak Lebesgue spaces, weak mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces and mixed Morrey spaces as well as anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces. The second one is to provide a detailed proof for a useful inequality about mixed Lebesgue norms and the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator and also to improve some known results on the maximal function characterizations of anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces and the boundedness of Calder\'on--Zygmund operators from these anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces to themselves or to mixed Lebesgue spaces. The last one is to correct some errors and seal some gaps existing in the known articles.
Molecular interpretation of the 
Pc(4440)
 and 
Pc(4457)
 states

A molecular model of the $P_c(4457)$ and $P_c(4440)$ LHCb states is proposed. The model relies on channels coupled by long range pion-exchange dynamics with features that depend crucially on the novel addition of the $\Lambda_c(2595)\bar D$ channel. A striking prediction of the model is the unusual combination of quantum numbers $J^P(4457) = 1/2^+$ and $J^P(4440) = 3/2^-$. Unlike in other models, a simultaneous description of both states is achieved without introducing additional short-range interactions. The model also gives a natural explanation for the relative widths of the states. We show that the usual molecular scenarios cannot explain the production rate of $P_c$ states in $\Lambda_b$ decays, and that this can be resolved by including $\Lambda_c(2595)\bar D$ and related channels. Experimental tests and other states are discussed in the conclusions.
Combined tail estimation using censored data and expert information

We study tail estimation in Pareto-like settings for datasets with a high percentage of randomly right-censored data, and where some expert information on the tail index is available for the censored observations. This setting arises for instance naturally for liability insurance claims, where actuarial experts build reserves based on the specificity of each open claim, which can be used to improve the estimation based on the already available data points from closed claims. Through an entropy-perturbed likelihood, we derive an explicit estimator and establish a close analogy with Bayesian methods. Embedded in an extreme value approach, asymptotic normality of the estimator is shown, and when the expert is clair-voyant, a simple combination formula can be deduced, bridging the classical statistical approach with the expert information. Following the aforementioned combination formula, a combination of quantile estimators can be naturally defined. In a simulation study, the estimator is shown to often outperform the Hill estimator for censored observations and recent Bayesian solutions, some of which require more information than usually available. Finally we perform a case study on a motor third-party liability insurance claim dataset, where Hill-type and quantile plots incorporate ultimate values into the estimation procedure in an intuitive manner.
Hyperfine constants and line separations for the 
S01−P13
 intercombination line in neutral ytterbium with sub-Doppler resolution

Optical frequency measurements of the intercombination line $(6s^{2})\,^{1}S_{0} -(6s6p)\,^{3}P_{1}$ in the isotopes of ytterbium are carried out with the use of sub-Doppler fluorescence spectroscopy on an atomic beam. A dispersive signal is generated to which a master laser is locked, while frequency counting of an auxiliary beat signal is performed via a frequency comb referenced to a hydrogen maser. The relative separations between the lines are used to evaluate the $^{3}P_{1}$-level magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole constants for the fermionic isotopes. The center of gravity for the $^3P_1$ levels in $^{171}$Yb and $^{173}$Yb are also evaluated, where we find significant disagreement with previously reported values. These hyperfine constants provide a valuable litmus test for atomic many-body computations in ytterbium.
Synthetic observations of dust emission and polarisation of Galactic cold clumps

Context. The Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC) contains over 13 000 sources that are detected based on their cold dust signature. They are believed to consist of a mixture of quiescent, pre-stellar, and already star-forming objects within molecular clouds. Aims. We extracted PGCC-type objects from cloud simulations and examined their physical and polarisation properties. The comparison with the PGCC catalogue helps to characterise the properties of this large sample of Galactic objects and, conversely, provides valuable tests for numerical simulations of large volumes of the interstellar medium and the evolution towards pre-stellar cores. Methods. We used several magnetohydrodynamical simulation snapshots to define the density field of our model clouds. Sub-millimetre images of the surface brightness and polarised signal were obtained with radiative transfer calculations. We examined the statistics of synthetic cold clump catalogues extracted with methods similar to the PGCC. We also examined the variations of the polarisation fraction p in the clumps. Results. The clump sizes, aspect ratios, and temperatures in the synthetic catalogue are similar to the PGCC. The fluxes and column densities of synthetic clumps are smaller by a factor of a few. Rather than with an increased dust opacity, this could be explained by increasing the average column density of the model by a factor of two to three, close to N(H2) = 1022 cm−2. When the line of sight is parallel to the mean magnetic field, the polarisation fraction tends to increase towards the clump centres, which is contrary to observations. When the field is perpendicular, the polarisation fraction tends to decrease towards the clumps, but the drop in p is small (e.g. from p ~8% to p ~7%). Conclusions. Magnetic field geometry reduces the polarisation fraction in the simulated clumps by only Δp ~1% on average. The larger drop seen towards the actual PGCC clumps therefore suggests some loss of grain alignment in the dense medium, such as predicted by the radiative torque mechanism. The statistical study is not able to quantify dust opacity changes at the scale of the PGCC clumps.
A practical guide to methodological considerations in the controllability of structural brain networks

Objective. Predicting how the brain can be driven to specific states by means of internal or external control requires a fundamental understanding of the relationship between neural connectivity and activity. Network control theory is a powerful tool from the physical and engineering sciences that can provide insights regarding that relationship; it formalizes the study of how the dynamics of a complex system can arise from its underlying structure of interconnected units. Approach. Given the recent use of network control theory in neuroscience, it is now timely to offer a practical guide to methodological considerations in the controllability of structural brain networks. Here we provide a systematic overview of the framework, examine the impact of modeling choices on frequently studied control metrics, and suggest potentially useful theoretical extensions. We ground our discussions, numerical demonstrations, and theoretical advances in a dataset of high-resolution diffusion imaging with 730 diffusion directions acquired over approximately 1 h of scanning from ten healthy young adults. Main results. Following a didactic introduction of the theory, we probe how a selection of modeling choices affects four common statistics: average controllability, modal controllability, minimum control energy, and optimal control energy. Next, we extend the current state-of-the-art in two ways: first, by developing an alternative measure of structural connectivity that accounts for radial propagation of activity through abutting tissue, and second, by defining a complementary metric quantifying the complexity of the energy landscape of a system. We close with specific modeling recommendations and a discussion of methodological constraints. Significance. Our hope is that this accessible account will inspire the neuroimaging community to more fully exploit the potential of network control theory in tackling pressing questions in cognitive, developmental, and clinical neuroscience.
Parameterized Algorithms for Maximum Cut with Connectivity Constraints

We study two variants of \textsc{Maximum Cut}, which we call \textsc{Connected Maximum Cut} and \textsc{Maximum Minimal Cut}, in this paper. In these problems, given an unweighted graph, the goal is to compute a maximum cut satisfying some connectivity requirements. Both problems are known to be NP-complete even on planar graphs whereas \textsc{Maximum Cut} on planar graphs is solvable in polynomial time. We first show that these problems are NP-complete even on planar bipartite graphs and split graphs. Then we give parameterized algorithms using graph parameters such as clique-width, tree-width, and twin-cover number. Finally, we obtain FPT algorithms with respect to the solution size.
Environmental Control of Triplet Emission in Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Organometallics

Carbene‐metal‐amides (CMAs) are a promising family of donor–bridge–acceptor molecular charge‐transfer (CT) emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes. A universal approach is demonstrated to tune the energy of their CT emission. A blueshift of up to 210 meV is achievable in solid state via dilution in a polar host matrix. The origin of this shift has two components: constraint of thermally‐activated triplet diffusion, and electrostatic interactions between guest and polar host. This allows the emission of mid‐green CMA archetypes to be tuned to sky blue without chemical modifications. Monte‐Carlo simulations based on a Marcus‐type transfer integral successfully reproduce the concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent triplet diffusion process, revealing a substantial shift in the ensemble density of states in polar hosts. In gold‐bridged CMAs, this shift does not lead to a significant change in luminescence lifetime, thermal activation energy, reorganization energy, or intersystem crossing rate. These discoveries offer new insight into coupling between the singlet and triplet manifolds in CMA materials, revealing a dominant interaction between states of CT character. The same approach is employed using materials which have been chemically modified to alter the energy of their CT state directly, shifting the emission of sky‐blue chromophores into the practical blue range.
Some homogeneous q-difference operators and the associated generalized Hahn polynomials

In this paper, we first construct the homogeneous $q$-shift operator $\widetilde{E}(a,b;D_{q})$ and the homogeneous $q$-difference operator $\widetilde{L}(a,b; \theta_{xy})$. We then apply these operators in order to represent and investigate generalized Cauchy and a general form of Hahn polynomials. We derive some $q$-identities such as: generating functions, extended generating functions, Mehler's formula and Roger's formula for these $q$-polynomials.
Effective response theory for Floquet topological systems

We present an effective field theory approach to the topological response of Floquet systems with symmetry group $G$. This is achieved by introducing a background $G$ gauge field in the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, which is suitable for far from equilibrium systems. We carry out this program for chiral topological Floquet systems (anomalous Floquet-Anderson insulators) in two spatial dimensions, and the group cohomology models of topological Floquet unitaries. These response actions serve as many-body topological invariants for topological Floquet unitaries. The effective action approach also leads us to propose novel topological response functions.
From the far-ultraviolet to the far-infrared – galaxy emission at 0 ≤ z ≤ 10 in the shark semi-analytic model

We combine the shark semi-analytic model of galaxy formation with the prospect software tool for spectral energy distribution (SED) generation to study the multiwavelength emission of galaxies from the far-ultraviolet (FUV) to the far-infrared (FIR) at 0 ≤ z ≤ 10. We produce a physical model for the attenuation of galaxies across cosmic time by combining a local Universe empirical relation to compute the dust mass of galaxies from their gas metallicity and mass, attenuation curves derived from radiative transfer calculations of galaxies in the eagle hydrodynamic simulation suite, and the properties of shark galaxies. We are able to produce a wide range of galaxies, from the z = 8 star-forming galaxies with almost no extinction, z = 2 submillimetre galaxies, down to the normal star-forming and red-sequence galaxies at z = 0. Quantitatively, we find that shark reproduces the observed (i) z = 0 FUV-to-FIR, (ii) 0 ≤ z ≤ 3 rest-frame K-band, and (iii) 0 ≤ z ≤ 10 rest-frame FUV luminosity functions, (iv) z ≤ 8 UV slopes, (v) the FUV-to-FIR number counts (including the widely disputed 850 μm), (vi) redshift distribution of bright $850\, \mu$m galaxies, and (vii) the integrated cosmic SED from z = 0 to 1 to an unprecedented level. This is achieved without the need to invoke changes in the stellar initial mass function, dust-to-metal mass ratio, or metal enrichment time-scales. Our model predicts star formation in galaxy discs to dominate in the FUV-to-optical, while bulges dominate at the NIR at all redshifts. The FIR sees a strong evolution in which discs dominate at z ≤ 1 and starbursts (triggered by both galaxy mergers and disc instabilities, in an even mix) dominate at higher redshifts, even out to z = 10.
Evolution of atmospheric escape in close-in giant planets and their associated Ly α and H α transit predictions

Strong atmospheric escape has been detected in several close-in exoplanets. As these planets consist mostly of hydrogen, observations in hydrogen lines, such as Ly α and H α, are powerful diagnostics of escape. Here, we simulate the evolution of atmospheric escape of close-in giant planets and calculate their associated Ly α and H α transits. We use a 1D hydrodynamic escape model to compute physical properties of the atmosphere and a ray tracing technique to simulate spectroscopic transits. We consider giant (0.3 and 1 Mjup) planets orbiting a solar-like star at 0.045 au, evolving from 10 to 5000 Myr. We find that younger giants show higher rates of escape, owing to a favourable combination of higher irradiation fluxes and weaker gravities. Less massive planets show higher escape rates (1010–1013 g s−1) than those more massive (109–1012 g s−1) over their evolution. We estimate that the 1-Mjup planet would lose at most 1 per cent of its initial mass due to escape, while the 0.3-Mjup planet, could lose up to 20 per cent. This supports the idea that the Neptunian desert has been formed due to significant mass-loss in low-gravity planets. At younger ages, we find that the mid-transit Ly α line is saturated at line centre, while H α exhibits transit depths of at most 3–4 per cent in excess of their geometric transit. While at older ages, Ly α absorption is still significant (and possibly saturated for the lower mass planet), the H α absorption nearly disappears. This is because the extended atmosphere of neutral hydrogen becomes predominantly in the ground state after ∼1.2 Gyr.
Effects of sublethal doses of CdCl 2 on histopathological and biochemical parametersof Persian sturgeon ( Acipenserpersicus Borodin , 1987 )

Juveniles of Acipenserpersicus were exposed to sub lethal doses of CdCl2(0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 LC50)during 14 days. Gill histopatological studyshowed that the intensity of lesion was increased gradually in all concentrations during the time exposure up to day 7. A negligible slight reduction in the index of lesions was observed on day 14. The intensity of changes follows a dosedependent manner and 0.5 LC50-treated fish samples showed the sign of lesions more severely than 0.2 ˃ 0.1 ˃ 0.05 LC50.The level of AST increasedsignificantly (p<0.05)from 225.5 to 262.7 IU/Lduring the first 4 days. This trend was also observed in ALT (1330.67 IU/L) and LDH (1271-1496 U/L). A nonsignificant decrease was observed in the three aforesaid parameters from day 4 up to day 7. At last phase of treatment (day 14), a moderate negligible decrease was evident. Comparatively, the increasedlevel of AST, ALT and LDH were found to be more at higher dose (0.2 LC50) than that of other sub-lethal doses. A positive correlation was also found between the intensity of changes and the amount of biochemical parameters increasing with elevated concentration. Results suggested significant effects of sub lethal doses of CdCl2 on histopathological and biochemical parameters of Persian sturgeon.
Optimal Radio Access Technology Selection in an SDN based LTE-WiFi Network

Today's wireless networks consist of a multitude of Radio Access Technologies (RATs), each being controlled individually, leading to suboptimal utilization of network resources. However, the unprecedented growth of data traffic is creating the need for an efficient inter-working of various RATs to circumvent the problem of suboptimal utilization of resources. Application of Software Defined Networking (SDN) principles enables the control and management of various RATs in a unified way. In this paper, we specifically focus on the inter-working between Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi). We propose an SDN based architecture for a network comprising LTE Base Stations (BSs) and WiFi Access Points (APs). Users can be offloaded from one RAT to another based on different criteria, viz., user priority and channel state of users. We consider the problem of optimal RAT selection to maximize the total system throughput subject to constraints on the blocking probability of high priority users and the offloading probability of high priority users and formulate it as a Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP). We propose a low-complexity RAT selection algorithm which does not require the knowledge of the statistics of system dynamics. To conduct experiments, we develop a Network Simulator-3 (ns-3) based evaluation platform in accordance with the SDN principles. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a near-optimal performance.
The Assessment of the Soil Erosion Intensity and Runoff in the River basin of ArbaaAyacha , Western Rif . Morocco .

This study reflects the use of the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) embedded in the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow model (IntErO) in the River basin of ArbaaAyacha, as a first application in the Moroccan territory to show its reliability for the estimation of the soil losses in the grounds and the streaming. This model required for first a mapping of the factors of hydric erosion, such as the land use, the type of ground, the lithology, the topography and the climatic and meteorological distribution of the data. The integration of the restart of this steep in the IntErOmodel allows the evaluation and the calculation of the streaming and the contribution of sediment in the studied area. The obtained result shows that the value of the Coefficient of the river basin erosion Z is 0.694, this value indicates that the river basin belongs to an III destruction category. The strength of the erosion process is medium, and according to the erosion type, it is mixed erosion. The maximal outflow from the river basin Qmax was predicted in 113.72 m3s -1 , (incidence of 100 years). Finally the Real soil losses per km 2 are estimated to 228.94 m3 km 2 year and this value indicates, according to Gavrilovic, that the river basin belongs to the V category. This study has shown that IntErO model can be a useful tool for researchers in the calculation of runoff and sediment yield at the river basins level in the Western Rif of Morocco.