Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme N2O accumulation in the coastal oxygen minimum zone off Peru

Abstract. Depth profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured during six cruises to the upwelling area and oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Peru in 2009 and 2012/2013, covering both the coastal shelf region and the adjacent open ocean. N2O profiles displayed a strong sensitivity towards oxygen concentrations. Open ocean profiles with distances to the shelf break larger than the first baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation showed a transition from a broad maximum close to the Equator to a double-peak structure south of 5° S where the oxygen minimum was more pronounced. Maximum N2O concentrations in the open ocean were about 80 nM. A linear relationship between ΔN2O and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) could be found for measurements within the upper oxycline, with a slope similar to studies in other oceanic regions. In contrast, N2O profiles close to the shelf revealed a much higher variability, and N2O concentrations higher than 100 nM were often observed. The highest N2O concentration measured at the shelf was ∼ 850 nM. Due to the extremely sharp oxygen gradients at the shelf, N2O maxima occurred in very shallow water depths of less than 50 m. In the coastal area, a linear relationship between ΔN2O and AOU could not be observed as extremely high ΔN2O values were scattered over the full range of oxygen concentrations. The data points that showed the strongest deviation from a linear ΔN2O ∕ AOU relationship also showed signals of intense nitrogen loss. These results indicate that the coastal upwelling at the Peruvian coast and the subsequent strong remineralization in the water column causes conditions that lead to extreme N2O accumulation, most likely due to the interplay of intense mixing and high rates of remineralization which lead to a rapid switching of the OMZ waters between anoxic and oxic conditions. This, in turn, could trigger incomplete denitrification or pulses of increased nitrification with extreme N2O production.
Bone and cortical bone thickness of mandibular buccal shelf for mini-screw insertion in adults.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the buccal bone thickness, bone depth, and cortical bone depth of the mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) to determine the most suitable sites of the MBS for mini-screw insertion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) records of 30 adult subjects (mean age 30.9 ± 7.0 years) evaluated retrospectively. All CBCT examinations were performed with the i-CAT CBCT scanner. Each exam was converted into DICOM format and processed with OsiriX Medical Imaging software. Proper view sections of the MBS were obtained for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of bone characteristics. RESULTS Mesial and distal second molar root scan sections showed enough buccal bone for mini-screw insertion. The evaluation of bone depth was performed at 4 and 6 mm buccally to the cementoenamel junction. The mesial root of the mandibular second molar at 4 and 6 mm showed average bone depths of 18.51 mm and 14.14 mm, respectively. The distal root of the mandibular second molar showed average bone depths of 19.91 mm and 16.5 mm, respectively. All sites showed cortical bone depth thickness greater than 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS Specific sites of the MBS offer enough bone quantity and adequate bone quality for mini-screw insertion. The insertion site with the optimal anatomic characteristics is the buccal bone corresponding to the distal root of second molar, with screw insertion 4 mm buccal to the cementoenamel junction. Considering the cortical bone thickness of optimal insertion sites, pre-drilling is always recommended in order to avoid high insertion torque.
Bribery in k-Approval and k-Veto Under Partial Information: (Extended Abstract)

In bribery an external agent tries to alter the outcome of an election by changing some voters' votes. Usually, when investigating bribery problems, full information is assumed, i.e., that the manipulative agent knows the set of candidates, each voter's votes and the voting rule used. In this paper, we formally introduce different structures of partial information, we show the connections between them and existing notions, define bribery under partial profiles, and examine the complexity of bribery under partial information for the k-Approval and k-Veto rules.
Cell proliferation in the respiratory tract of the rat after acute inhalation of formaldehyde or acrolein

Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed by inhalation for 6 h per day on one or three successive days to 0, 2, 6 or 20 ppm formaldehyde or 0, 0.2 or 0.6 ppm acrolein. Nasal and tracheal epithelial and free lung cells were then analyzed for proliferative responses. The proliferative response was expressed as the proportion of DNA synthesizing cells determined by the 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelíng technique.
Pulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation: Case presentation and review of the literature

Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are the most common pulmonary vascular complications in patients with cirrhosis. Usually but not universally mutually exclusive, they each may present prior to liver transplantation and, if severe enough, may be a contraindication to transplant. However, there have been a number of case reports describing patients developing pulmonary hypertension de novo after liver transplantation. This report describes one such patient from our institution and reviews the medical literature describing this unusual clinical entity. Liver Transpl 15:407–412, 2009. © 2009 AASLD.
Selection of patch test materials for gold allergy

Allergic contact dermatitis to gold is very rarely reported. The occurrence of 2 recent cases in our department prompted a review of the literature, especially regarding the optimal reagents for patch testing. Gold chloride is most commonly used but may cause persistent dermatitis at the test site. Gold sodium thiosulfate is commercially available in petrolatum and is a reliable. non‐irritant preparation for patch testing.
The expression of cancerous inhibitor protein phosphatase 2A in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Abstract Conclusion: The study suggests that cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) expression and eosinophilia associate with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (CRSwNP + AERD). Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to evaluate further the role of CIP2A and related pathways in CRSwNP + AERD. Objectives: Low prostaglandin E2 levels putatively associate with CRSwNP + AERD and decreased c-Myc levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and revision-predictive role of oncoprotein CIP2A, another c-Myc modulator, in CRSwNP with/without AERD, and in antrochoanal polyps. Method: Ninety retrospective archival objective glasses of nasal polyp tissue from CRSwNP or ACP patients were used for assessing mucosal eosinophilia. Of this population, 90 archival nasal polyp specimens were available for immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal anti-CIP2A antibody, together with 19 control nasal mucosa specimens. CIP2A staining intensity and tissue eosinophilia were assessed by two blinded observers with a light microscope. Subject characteristics from 90 patients and 19 controls were obtained from patient records and additionally by a questionnaire from controls. The follow-up data was available from patient records of 84 patients and 16 controls. Results: The expression of epithelial CIP2A was detected both in control inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyps. The expression was significantly lower in the CRSwNP + AERD group compared to controls and CRSwNP without AERD (p < 0.01). High mucosal eosinophilia associated with CRSwNP (p < 0.01). Neither CIP2A nor eosinophilia predicted the need for revision surgery (p > 0.05), whereas previous surgery, allergic rhinitis, and use of corticosteroids did predict the need for revision surgery (p < 0.05).
Preimmune Repertoire of T15i Knockin Mice Phosphocholine Binding Cells in the T15-Idiotype-Negative B Cells Dominate the

Dennis D. Taub, Dan L. Longo and James J. KennyLina Hu, Louis J. Rezanka, Qing-Sheng Mi, Ana Lustig,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/3/1273J Immunol€2002; 168:1273-1280; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/3/1273.full#ref-list-1This article cites 54 articles, 33 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Biological, psychological and environmental predictors of the alcoholism risk: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE This article reviews results from an ongoing prospective study of 453 sons of alcoholics and controls, and presents new data from the 15-year follow-up. METHOD Drinking, but not alcohol dependent, 20-year-old sons of alcoholics and controls were evaluated for their level of response (LR) to alcohol and were subsequently followed, through personal interviews, 10 years and 15 years later. RESULTS The 10-year follow-up of 450 (99.3%) men and provisional analyses from the first 127 subjects at 15 years revealed that a low LR at about age 20 predicted subsequent alcoholism, even after considering the original quantity and frequency of drinking and six additional domains of influence. Regarding the latter, behavioral undercontrol and work stress appear to interact with LR, with alcohol expectancies, coping mechanisms and aspects of the drinking in the environment also appearing to add to the model, while other aspects of life stress and the social support network do not. CONCLUSIONS The prospective evaluation of subjects at higher risk for alcoholism is a potentially powerful tool in identifying the relationships among a broad range of moderators and mediators of the alcoholism risk. The present tentative results based on the first 127 subjects are primarily heuristic as findings might change in the full sample. These data set the stage for completion of the 15-year follow-up and for a subsequent 20-year evaluation which will focus on the same domains in the projected almost 560 sons and daughters of the original sample.
Determination of the urinary aglycone metabolites of vitamin K by HPLC with redox-mode electrochemical detection Published, JLR Papers in Press, February 1, 2005. DOI 10.1194/jlr.D400033-JLR200

We describe a method for the determination of the two major urinary metabolites of vitamin K as the methyl esters of their aglycone structures, 2-methyl-3-(3′-3′-carboxymethylpropyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (5C-aglycone) and 2-methyl-3-(5′-carboxy-3′-methyl-2′-pentenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (7C-aglycone), by HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD) in the redox mode. Urinary salts were removed by reversed-phase (C18) solid-phase extraction (SPE), and the predominantly conjugated vitamin K metabolites were hydrolyzed with methanolic HCl. The resulting carboxylic acid aglycones were quantitatively methylated with diazomethane and fractionated by normal-phase (silica) SPE. Final analysis was by reversed-phase (C18) HPLC with a methanol-aqueous mobile phase. Metabolites were detected by amperometric, oxidative ECD of their quinol forms, which were generated by postcolumn coulometric reduction at an upstream electrode. The assay gave excellent linearity (typically, r2 ⩾ 0.999) and high sensitivity with an on-column detection limit of <3.5 fmol (<1 pg). The interassay precision was typically 10%. Metabolite recovery was compared with that of an internal standard [2-methyl-3-(7′-carboxy-heptyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone] added to urine samples just before analysis. Using this methodology, we confirmed that the 5C- and 7C-aglycones were major catabolites of both phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (vitamin K2) in humans. We propose that the measurement of urinary vitamin K metabolite excretion is a candidate noninvasive marker of total vitamin K status.
Effect of a 17 day spaceflight on contractile properties of human soleus muscle fibres

1 Soleus biopsies were obtained from four male astronauts 45 days before and within 2 h after a 17 day spaceflight. 2 For all astronauts, single chemically skinned post‐flight fibres expressing only type I myosin heavy chain (MHC) developed less average peak Ca2+ activated force (Po) during fixed‐end contractions (0.78 ± 0.02 vs. 0.99 ± 0.03 mN) and shortened at a greater mean velocity during unloaded contractions (Vo) (0.83 ± 0.02 vs. 0.64 ± 0.02 fibre lengths s−1) than pre‐flight type I fibres. 3 The flight‐induced decline in absolute Po was attributed to reductions in fibre diameter and/or Po per fibre cross‐sectional area. Fibres from the astronaut who experienced the greatest relative loss of peak force also displayed a reduction in Ca2+ sensitivity. 4 The elevated Vo of the post‐flight slow type I fibres could not be explained by alterations in myosin heavy or light chain composition. One alternative possibility is that the elevated Vo resulted from an increased myofilament lattice spacing. This hypothesis was supported by electron micrographic analysis demonstrating a reduction in thin filament density post‐flight. 5 Post‐flight fibres shortened at 30 % higher velocities than pre‐flight fibres at external loads associated with peak power output. This increase in shortening velocity either reduced (2 astronauts) or prevented (2 astronauts) a post‐flight loss in fibre absolute peak power (μN (fibre length) s−1). 6 The changes in soleus fibre diameter and function following spaceflight were similar to those observed after 17 days of bed rest. Although in‐flight exercise countermeasures probably reduced the effects of microgravity, the results support the idea that ground‐based bed rest can serve as a model of human spaceflight. 7 In conclusion, 17 days of spaceflight decreased force and increased shortening velocity of single Ca2+‐activated muscle cells expressing type I MHC. The increase in shortening velocity greatly reduced the impact that impaired force production had on absolute peak power.
Beliefs Associated With Fecal Occult Blood Test and Colonoscopy Use at a Worksite Colon Cancer Screening Program

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Although regular screening can decrease morbidity and mortality from CRC, screening rates nationwide are very low. This descriptive study assessed beliefs associated with fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy use among participants of a worksite colon cancer screening program. Randomly selected employees, aged 40 and older, were mailed a survey on CRC screening-related beliefs. Instruments were tested for reliability and validity. Results indicated that fecal occult blood test use was significantly associated with being female, Caucasian, having low perceived barriers, and provider recommendation. Colonoscopy use was significantly associated with higher knowledge, lower barriers, higher benefits, higher self-efficacy, and provider recommendation. Findings may be used to develop interventions designed to improve CRC screening rates.
The specificity of enzyme immunoassays for plasma 11-deoxycortisol.

In order to develop an 11-deoxycortisol enzyme immunoassay applicable to metyrapone tests, the specificity obtainable with various assay systems has been investigated. Four 11-deoxycortisol derivatives possessing different bridges at C-4 were covalently linked to β-galactosidase to give enzyme-labeled antigens. The anti-11-deoxycortisol antisera used were those elicited in rabbits by immunization with the conjugates of these haptenic derivatives with bovine serum albumin. Enzyme immunoassays were carried out with the homologous and bridge heterologous combinations between antiserum and enzyme-labeled steroid. The specificity of these assay systems was assessed by measuring the amount of 11-deoxycortisol in human plasma specimens, and by comparison of the results with those of radioimmunoassay. The assay employing the antiserum and enzyme-labeled antigen which were prepared by the use of 4-(carboxymethylthio)-11-deoxycortisol was found to be relatively specific. The cross-reactivities in this assay were tested with six kinds of closely related steroids. The selective blocking of less specific antibodies present in the antiserum was also examined. It was found that the addition of cortisol to the antiserum resulted in improvement of the specificity. The enzyme immunoassay thus developed was reasonably specific and sensitive.
Cilia in cell-cultured fibroblasts. I. On their occurrence and relative frequencies in primary cultures and established cell lines.

The purpose of this report is to present electron microscopic evidence of cilia in fibroblasts grown in conventional monolayer cultures. The ciliary type in question has been described on many occasions in a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate tissues (see Barnes, 1961; Sorokin, 1962; Zeigel, 1962; Dahl, 1963; and Wheatley, 1967 a for further references). It has been referred to as the '9+0' ciliary type but more recently as the 'primary' ciliary type (Sorokin, 1968). Sorokin (1968) has established that its existence is not related to that of a '9 + 2' cilium nor is it involved in the formation of a ciliated epithelium. While the presence of '9 +0' or primary cilia has been repeatedly documented in many tissues, and their persistence has been demonstrated in pieces of chick tissue placed in explant culture (Sorokin, 1962), the only report of their presence in dissociated cells in culture has come from Stubblefield & Brinkley (1966), who noted cilium formation in Chinese hamster fibroblasts which had been previously exposed to Colcemid. The possibility that fibroblasts grown in cell culture may develop cilia was investigated, since an in vitro system would almost certainly facilitate further investigations into their development and functional significance.
Prevalence of Haemoparasites in Village Weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) in Ibadan, Nigeria

Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria *Corresponding author`s Email: ao.omonona@gmail.com Received: 18 Nov. 2014 Accepted: 11 Dec. 2014 ABSTRACT Village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus) are ubiquitous passerine birds found in Nigeria. Researches on avian haemoparasites in domestic and wild birds in Nigeria have been receiving considerable attention over the years. In recent studies, the commonly reported haemoparasites include Haemoproteus sp, Plasmodium sp. , Leucocytozoon, Hepatozoon and nematode microfilariae. These haemoparasites have been associated with several pathologic changes and diseases in affected birds. However, there is dearth of information on the prevalence of haemoparasites associated with village weaver in Nigeria. This present study evaluated the prevalence of haemoparasites in village weavers birds found in Ibadan, Nigeria and the associated haematological changes. 30 weaver birds were captured from the suburb of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The buffy coat smears of the birds were made to ascertain the prevalence of haemoparasites using light microscopy to determine the morphological characteristics of the haemoparasites observed. The morphological characteristics of the haemoparasites observed were consistent with Haemoproteus spp. , Leucocytozoon spp. , Plasmodium spp. , and microfilariae. Out of the total number of the village weavers sampled, 22 (73.33%) had one or more haemoparasites. Haemoproteus spp was observed in 19 (63.33%) birds, microfilariae was seen in 10 (33.33%) while 7 (23.33%) had Leucocytozoon spp with Plasmodium spp. in 5 (16.67%), being the least prevalent in this study. The co-infection with different haemoparasites was significant (p<0.05) which indicated an increased relative risk of a superimposed haemoparasite infection in already infected birds. The erythrocyte parameters and indices (PCV, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were slightly higher in the uninfected weaver birds than in the haemoparasite infected population.
Tumors Induced in Primates by Chicken Sarcoma Virus

A suspension of a variant of Rous sarcoma was injected into four adult and eight newborn rhesus monkeys. Seven newborns developed tumors, three of which were diagnosed as fibrosarcomas, in 2 to 6 weeks; none of the adults have tumors after 11 weeks. Virus was demonstrated in two of the tumors by injecting a tumor-suspension preparation into the chick wing-web where tumors subsequently appeared. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that sarcomas have developed in primates after a virus has been injected.
PrCYP 707 A 1 , an ABA catabolic gene , is a key component of P elipa che ramosa seed germination in response to the strigolactone analogue GR 24

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short(6 h) and long(2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
Recommended Guidelines for Use of Intravitreal Aflibercept With a Treat‐and‐Extend Regimen for the Management of Neovascular Age‐Related Macular Degeneration in the Asia‐Pacific Region: Report From a Consensus Panel

Purpose: To summarize recommendations for the use of intravitreal aflibercept with a treat‐and‐extend regimen to manage neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the Asia‐Pacific region. Although anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapies have improved the quality of life of patients with nAMD, a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment, the high treatment frequency recommended by current guidelines places a significant burden on patients and healthcare providers. Design: Recommended guidelines from a consensus panel. Methods: An expert panel formed a consensus on recommendations for use of intravitreal aflibercept as treatment of nAMD in the Asia‐Pacific region. Results: After 3 initial monthly doses, treatment interval could be extended by 4‐week increments, to a maximum of 12 weeks, in patients with inactive disease. Conversely, in active disease, treatment intervals should be shortened, by 4 weeks, or to 4 weeks in cases of severe recurrence. Treatment could be ceased in patients with stable disease activity after 12 months of treatment at 12‐week intervals, as a means to prevent over treatment and lifelong injections. Conclusions: These recommendations could potentially minimize the number of treatments while maintaining efficacy and improve compliance by reducing the number of clinic visits compared with existing recommendations.