Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrient composition of stone fruit (Prunus spp.) cultivars: apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach and plum.

A total of 23 cultivars of apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach and plum available on the retail market in Sydney, Australia during the summer of 1981–82 were analysed and data are presented for water, protein, fat, sugars (fructose, glucose and sucrose), starch, dietary fibre, organic acids (malic, citric, quinic, shikimic and oxalic acids), ash, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, vitamin C, α-carotene, β-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin niacin, soluble solids, respiration rate and titratable acidity. Edible weight and energy were calculated. Data were compared with various national food composition tables.
MULTI-TRANSITION STUDY OF M51'S MOLECULAR GAS SPIRAL ARMS

Two selected regions in the molecular gas spiral arms in M51 were mapped with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) mm-interferometer in the 12CO(2–1), 13CO(1–0), C18O(1–0), HCN(1–0), and HCO+(1–0) emission lines. The CO data have been combined with the 12CO(1–0) data from Aalto et al. covering the central 3.5 kpc to study the physical properties of the molecular gas. All CO data cubes were short spacing corrected using IRAM 30 m (12CO(1–0): NRO 45 m) single-dish data. A large velocity gradient analysis finds that the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are similar to Galactic GMCs when studied at 180 pc (120 pc) resolution with an average kinetic temperature of Tkin = 20(16) K and H2 density of n(H2) = 120(240) cm−3 when assuming virialized clouds (a constant velocity gradient ). The associated conversion factor between H2 mass and CO luminosity is close to the Galactic value for most regions analyzed. Our findings suggest that the GMC population in the spiral arms of M51 is similar to those of the Milky Way and therefore the strong star formation occurring in the spiral arms has no strong impact on the molecular gas in the spiral arms. Extinction inferred from the derived H2 column density is very high (AV about 15–30 mag), about a factor of 5–10 higher than the average value derived toward H ii regions. Thus, a significant fraction of the ongoing star formation could be hidden inside the dust lanes of the spiral arms. A comparison of MIPS 24 μm and Hα data, however, suggests that this is not the case and most of the GMCs studied here are not (yet) forming stars. We also present low (4.″5) resolution OVRO maps of the HCN(1–0) and HCO+(1–0) emission at the location of the brightest 12CO(1–0) peak.
Impact of Ethanol on the Developing GABAergic System

Alcohol intake during pregnancy has a tremendous impact on the developing brain. Embryonic and early postnatal alcohol exposures have been investigated experimentally to elucidate the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders' (FASD) milieu, and new data have emerged to support a devastating effect on the GABAergic system in the adult and developing nervous system. GABA is a predominantly inhibitory neurotransmitter that during development excites neurons and orchestrates several developmental processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synaptogenesis. This review summarizes and brings new data on neurodevelopmental aspects of the GABAergic system with FASD in experimental telencephalic models. Anat Rec, 292:1922–1939, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical Relevance of Antibodies to Cardiolipin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

The significance of antibodies to cardiolipin (anti‐CL) remains uncertain in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C). The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients with CH‐C seropositive for anti‐CL. The prevalence of anti‐CL and clinical parameters associated with anti‐CL in those patients were examined. Six of the 45 (13%) patients with CH‐C had anti‐CL. However, none of these six CH‐C patients fulfilled the criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome. Serum triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels in CH‐C patients with anti‐CL were significantly higher than those in CH‐C patients without anti‐CL. Serum triglyceride levels positively correlated with serum ApoB levels. CH‐C patients with anti‐CL had significantly more progressive hepatic fibrosis than those without anti‐CL. The degree of 8‐hydroxy 2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) expression in the liver tissue was more severe in CH‐C patients with anti‐CL than in those without it. However, the emergence of anti‐CL in CH‐C patients was independent of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and iron overload. These findings suggest that the emergence of anti‐CL is associated with oxidative stress and that CH‐C patients seropositive for anti‐CL have clinical characteristics of hypertriglyceridemia, which derives from the facilitation of ApoB synthesis, and progressive hepatic fibrosis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 26:342‐348, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Alcohol Extract of Terminalia chebula Retz Combretaceae

Purpose: To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the alcohol extract of Terminalia chebula Retz (Combretaceae) dried ripe fruits at the cellular level. Methods: For antioxidant study, the liver mitochondria were separated and used for the estimation of enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) - as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH); Melatonin secretion was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) while spleen lymphocyte proliferation assay was performed by measuring optical density at 570 nm using ELISA reader. The cytokines, namely, IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α expression in spleen cells, were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) Results: Terminalia chebula extract (100 mg/kg/p.o.) increased the level of liver mitochondrial enzymes CAT and SO) as well as GSH but decreased the level of LPO in the liver when compared to the vehicle, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and cyclophosphamide-treated groups. Secretion of melatonin by pineal gland was enhanced by T. chebula treatment. The extract also increased spleen lymphocyte proliferation. Based on RT-PCR analysis, the expression of cytokines, viz, IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α, was more in T. chebula -treated than in vehicle- and cyclophosphamide- treated groups. Conclusion: This study confirms the immunomodulatory activity of ripe T. chebula fruits as evidenced by increase in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes, GSH, T and B cells, the proliferation of which play important roles in immunity. This phenomenon also enhances the concentration of melatonin in pineal gland as well as the levels of cytokines, such as IL-2,IL-10 and TNF-α, which play important roles in immunity. Keywords: Terminalia chebula , Antioxidants, SDS-PAGE, Lymphocytes proliferation, Real-time PCR, Immunity
Residual learning deficit after heavy exposure to cannabis or alcohol in rats

Acute oral administration of cannabis extract to rats (tetrahydrocannabinol dose, 10 milligrams per kilogram) impaired maze learning. The impairment was more marked after ten daily doses of the same size. After 1, 2, or 3 months' pretreatment with the same daily dose, followed by a 25-day drug-free period, no residual learning impairment was found. However, 6 months of daily administration of cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol, 20 milligrams per kilogram) or alcohol (6 grams per kilogram) produced significant residual impairment of learning of maze and motor coordination tasks, 2 months or more after the last drug administration.
Real-Time Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Is More Convenient than Real-Time PCR for Quantification of Plasmodium falciparum

ABSTRACT Determination of the number of malaria parasites by routine or even expert microscopy is not always sufficiently sensitive for detailed quantitative studies on the population dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum, such as intervention or vaccine trials. To circumvent this problem, two more sensitive assays, real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (QT-NASBA) and real-time quantitative PCR (QT-PCR) were compared for quantification of P. falciparum parasites. QT-NASBA was adapted to molecular beacon real-time detection technology, which enables a reduction of the time of analysis and of contamination risk while retaining the specificity and sensitivity of the original assay. Both QT-NASBA and QT-PCR have a sensitivity of 20 parasites/ml of blood, but QT-PCR requires a complicated DNA extraction procedure and the use of 500 μl of venous blood to achieve this sensitivity, compared to 50 μl of finger prick blood for real-time QT-NASBA. Both techniques show a significant correlation to microscopic parasite counts, and the quantification results of the two real-time assays are significantly correlated for in vitro as well as in vivo samples. However, in comparison to real-time QT-PCR, the results of real-time QT-NASBA can be obtained 12 h earlier, with relatively easy RNA extraction and use of finger prick blood samples. The prospective development of multiplex QT-NASBA for detection of various P. falciparum developmental stages increases the value of QT-NASBA for malaria studies. Therefore, for studies requiring sensitive and accurate detection of P. falciparum parasites in large numbers of samples, the use of real-time QT-NASBA is preferred over that of real-time QT-PCR.
Authorship issues at a New Zealand academic institution.

BACKGROUND Authorship of peer-reviewed publications can create conflict among academics. OBJECTIVE To document authorship conflicts of academics at a tertiary faculty. METHODS An anonymous questionnaire eliciting authorship conflicts and knowledge of authorship criteria was administered online to 154 academic staff members at a New Zealand university. RESULTS 43 academics responded, a response rate of 27.9%. About half of the academics reported authorship conflicts, mainly regarding ownership of data, gift authorship and academic competition. Of the 43 academics, 31 were aware of formal authorship criteria but only 21 could identify the appropriate source. 23 academics correctly identified all the appropriate criteria for authorship according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors guidelines. CONCLUSION Authorship conflicts are prevalent in a New Zealand university that may be related to lack of knowledge of authorship criteria.
Matroids and graphs

the circuits of any finite graph G define a matroid. We call this the circuitmatroid and its dual the bond-matroid of G. In the present paper we determine a necessary and sufficient condition, in terms of matroid structure, for a given matroid M to be graphic (cographic), that is the bond-matroid (circuitmatroid) of some finite graph. The condition is that M shall be regular and shall not contain, in a sense to be explained, the circuit-matroid (bondmatroid) of a Kuratowski graph, that is a graph with one of the structures shown in Figure I. Some of the intermediate results seem to be of interest in themselves. These include the theory of dual matroids in ? 2, Theorem (7.3) on regular matroids, and Theorem (8.4) on the bond-matroids of graphs. Our main theorem is evidently closely related to the theorem of Kuratowski on planar graphs [1]. This states that a graph is planar (i.e., can be imbedded in the plane) if and only if it contains no graph with the point set structure of a Kuratowski graph. Indeed it is not difficult to prove Kuratowski's Theorem from ours, using the principle that a graph is planar if and only if it has a dual graph, that is if and only if its circuit-matroid is graphic. However this paper is long enough already and we refrain from adding matter not essential to the proof and understanding of the main theorem. 2. Dual matroids. We define a matroid M on a set M, its flats and their dimensions as in HI, ? 1. We call the dimension of the largest flat (M) also the dimension dM of the matroid. (See HI, ? 2, for the notation (S)). We write ae(S) for the number of elements of any finite set S. We proceed to give a definition of the dual of M analogous to the definition of a dual vector space in terms of orthogonality. First, in analogy with A, ? 4, we define a dendroid of M as a minimal sub
Dynamic Information Asymmetry, Financing, and Investment Decisions

We study the optimal timing of security issuance to finance a new project when the firm's assets in place have unobservable quality. Stochastic cash flows generated by assets in place reveal information about their quality and simultaneously reduce the required outside funding. A high-quality firm optimally delays issuance unless its accumulated cash or the market belief about its quality is sufficiently high. A low-quality firm does the same and, additionally, issues if market belief and accumulated cash are sufficiently low. Under stated restrictions, the renegotiation-proof optimal security pays outside investors in full before paying anything to original shareholders.
Realization of highly efficient hexagonal boron nitride neutron detectors

We report the achievement of highly efficient 10B enriched hexagonal boron nitride (h-10BN) direct conversion neutron detectors. These detectors were realized from freestanding 4-in. diameter h-10BN wafers 43 μm in thickness obtained from epitaxy growth and subsequent mechanical separation from sapphire substrates. Both sides of the film were subjected to ohmic contact deposition to form a simple vertical “photoconductor-type” detector. Transport measurements revealed excellent vertical transport properties including high electrical resistivity (>1013 Ω cm) and mobility-lifetime (μτ) products. A much larger μτ product for holes compared to that of electrons along the c-axis of h-BN was observed, implying that holes (electrons) behave like majority (minority) carriers in undoped h-BN. Exposure to thermal neutrons from a californium-252 (252Cf) source moderated by a high density polyethylene moderator reveals that 43 μm h-10BN detectors possess 51.4% detection efficiency at a bias voltage of 400 V, which is.
Science Parks and university-industry links: a comparative analysis between a British and a Portuguese experience

Science Parks and related mechanisms have been implemented all over the world as a way of, among several objectives, facilitating and strengthening the interaction between universities and industries (U-I interaction). However, the implementation, operation and performance of Parks present a huge diversity and heterogeneity concerning their patterns. Additionally, the establishment of links between academe and companies depends on several factors that may influence their relationship. This paper concerns the links established between university and industry considering two different models of Science Parks one located in the UK - the Surrey Research Park - and other set up in Portugal - the Taguspark - Lisboa Science and Technology Park. A comparative analysis is carried out aiming at analysing whether different models of Parks may influence the interaction between these two different social agents.
The FANCA gene in Japanese Fanconi anemia: Reports of eight novel mutations and analysis of sequence variability

Fanconi anemia (FA), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a progressive pancytopenia associated with congenital anomalies and high predisposition to malignancies, is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease. At least eight complementation groups (FA‐A to FA‐H) have been identified with their relative prevalence varying among the ethnical backgrounds. Recently, responsible genes, FANCA and FANCC, have been cloned. This report describes mutations of the FANCA gene, which we studied by direct sequencing of cDNA with confirmation on genomic DNA in 15 unclassified Japanese FA patients. A total of 19 sequence alterations were identified, of which 10 (six missense and four silent alterations) were likely to be nonpathogenic polymorphism. The remaining nine alterations, of which eight were novel mutations, were assumed to be pathogenic and consisted of two missense mutations and seven mutations resulting in truncation of gene product, demonstrating a wide allelic heterogeniety. The pathogenic mutations were found in 12 patients (80%); they were either homozygous or compound heterozygous in 10 patients, apparently heterozygous in two patients and none in three patients. We conclude that the sequence variability is intrinsic to the FANCA gene and that the relative prevalence of the FA‐A subtype is unusually high in Japanese FA patients. Hum Mutat 13:237–244, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internal Working Models, Self-Reported Problems, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among College Students

A person's internal working models of close relationships (J. Bowlby, 1988) incorporate 2 discrete yet interrelated cognitive schemas: a self model containing perceptions of one's own worth and lovability and an other model embodying core expectations about the trustworthiness and dependability of intimate others in one's social world. This study tested hypothesized interrelationships, in a college-student sample, (a) between self-model differences and self-reported problems and (b) among other-model differences, problem levels, and helpseeking attitudes. As expected, students with positive self models reported significantly fewer problems than did students with negative self models. In addition, students' other-model grouping significantly interacted with their problem levels to predict their expressed willingess to seek counseling. Implications of the findings for counseling practice are discussed. The acknowledgement of personal problems does not, in and of itself, propel affected persons to seek therapeutic help. Presumably, those persons who voluntarily pursue counseling must not only be experiencing distress but must also be inclined, under these circumstances, to perceive others as potential sources of help and support. Because those individual differences that dispose persons to experience problems may be distinct from those that orient them favorably toward seeking help from others, it is important to consider how these person factors may be conceptually interrelated. In this study, we used contemporary attachment theory (Bowlby, 1988) to generate and test hypotheses regarding these individual differences. In particular, we focused on Bowlby's concept of internal working models of attachment as a means of operationaliz ing (a) subgroups assumed to differ in their dispositions to report personal problems and (b) other subgroups assumed to differ in their inclinations to seek therapeutic help when experiencing high levels of problems.
Bioavailability of Heavy Metals Using Simultaneously Extracted Metal/Acid Volatile Sulfide in the Sediments of Lake Burragorang, NSW, Australia

Lake Burragorang in the south west of Sydney is one of the largest domestic water supply storages in the world, holding 2,057,000 million liters of water. The reservoir provides approximately 80% of water for a population of about 4 million people. To ensure that the best quality water is delivered to Sydney residents the sediment of Lake Burragorang was analyzed for heavy metals as the cause of contamination could be the resuspension of settled material during major inflow events. This study was aimed to evaluate the distribution of heavy metals and their speciation in sediments of Lake Burragorang to predict their bioavailability to the aquatic system. Sediment core samples from Lake Burragorang were subjected to speciation using simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) ratio to determine the potential toxicity of sediments due to metals. The results showed that these SEMs at all stations were higher than AVS and their ratio was found greater than 1, which indicates that available AVS is not sufficient to bind with the extracted metals for Lake Burragorang sediments and possibly contained metals potentially bioavailable to benthic organisms, however, SEM/AVS ratio was high owing to relatively low AVS values compared to values reported in the literature for fresh water sediments and not due to high concentrations of metals. In the current study even though these investigated metals were bioavailable in the sediment their individual metal concentrations are not expected to be toxic to benthic organisms as all locations had SEM concentrations lower than their threshold effect level (TEL). However, the slight increase in SEM above TEL will be detrimental for aquatic system as available AVS in sediment of Lake Burragorang is not sufficient to bind with the extracted metals.
Psychologically Distinct Classes of Motor Behavior Inferred from Individual Differences: Evidence from a Sequential Stacking Task

ABSTRACT A number of studies have demonstrated regularities in how individuals select and perform single object manipulations, but little work has been concerned with the manipulation of multiple objects. To this end, the authors asked participants to stack a set of linearly spaced containers onto various goal locations. Our aim was to determine whether participants adopted specific strategies to complete this task. We focused on whether the distance between the objects, the goal location of the objects, or both, determined the classes of movement sequences that individuals used to perform the task. The results showed that some individuals tended to use one hand for lifting and releasing the containers whereas other individuals tended to use both hands for lifting and releasing the containers. Those participants who tended to use one hand varied which hand was used according to the goal location of the containers but not the distance between containers. The emergence of these individual differences provides a new basis for inferring psychologically distinct classes of motor behavior.
Characterization of a Novel Protein Kinase D

Protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms are protein kinase C (PKC) effectors in diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated signaling pathways. Key physiological processes are placed under DAG control by the distinctive substrate specificity and intracellular distribution of PKDs. Comprehension of the roles of PKDs in homeostasis and signal transduction requires further knowledge of regulatory interplay among PKD and PKC isoforms, analysis of PKC-independent PKD activation, and characterization of functions controlled by PKDs in vivo. Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals share conserved signaling mechanisms, molecules, and pathways Thus, characterization of the C. elegans PKDs could yield insights into regulation and functions that apply to all eukaryotic PKDs. C. elegans DKF-1 (D kinase family-1) contains tandem DAG binding (C1) modules, a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain, and a Ser/Thr protein kinase segment, which are homologous with domains in classical PKDs. DKF-1 and PKDs have similar substrate specificities. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) switches on DKF-1 catalytic activity in situ by promoting phosphorylation of a single amino acid Thr588 in the activation loop. DKF-1 phosphorylation and activation are unaffected when PKC activity is eliminated by inhibitors. Both phosphorylation and kinase activity of DKF-1 are extinguished by substituting Ala for Thr588 or Gln for Lys455 (“kinase dead”) or incubating with protein phosphatase 2C. Thus, DKF-1 is a PMA-activated, PKC-independent D kinase. In vivo, dkf-1 gene promoter activity is evident in neurons. Both dkf-1 gene disruption (null phenotype) and RNA interference-mediated depletion of DKF-1 protein cause lower body paralysis. Targeted DKF-1 expression corrected this locomotory defect in dkf-1 null animals. Supraphysiological expression of DKF-1 limited C. elegans growth to ∼60% of normal length.