Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Learning Methods for Clinical Skills in Simulation Laboratories: High-Fidelity Mannequins and Standardized Patients

Background: Many nursing programs are utilizing simulation laboratories to teach clinical skills in a safe environment. Two modes of high-fidelity simulation—high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients (SPs)—allow for an interactive experience that closely resembles the health care setting. Objectives: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to compare the two highfidelity simulation methods—high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients (SPs)—and their benefits when it comes to the development of nursing skills. Furthermore, the paper explored how skills learning laboratories can be optimized. Method: An integrative literature review of 19 research articles was conducted using databases of CINAHL, ERIC, and ProQuest. Search terms included nursing, skills, learning laboratories, undergraduate, baccalaureate, simulation, high-fidelity, mannequins, manikins, and standardized patients. Results: Three benefits were identified in the utilization of high-fidelity mannequins including effective learning and knowledge acquisition, satisfaction with the simulated experience, and improved self-confidence. Four benefits of simulations with standardized patients consisted of improved communication skills, improved clinical judgement, increased confidence, and applicability. Furthermore, common themes of the optimal environments in skill learning laboratories included discussion and engagement, approachable and innovative instructors, and opportunity for practice. Conclusion: Both high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients give students a closely simulated health care experience. Further studies are needed to directly compare multiple attributes of high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients. Finally, optimal learning environments were found to be supportive and engaging and led by approachable and innovative instructors. EFFECTIVE LEARNING METHODS FOR CLINICAL SKILLS 3
Exhaustive Characterization of TCRÃ¢ÂÂpMHC Binding Energy Estimated by the String Model and Miyazawa-Jernigan Matrix

Accurate calculations of protein–protein binding free energies based on rigorous models, which consider the binding complex structure in atomic detail, are computationally expensive and impracticable to apply to T cell repertoire formation that occurs in the thymus because this process involves the interactions among numerous combinations of T cell receptors (TCRs) and presented peptides. By comparison, an evaluation of binding free-energy using a combination of the string model and Miyazawa-Jernigan matrix is very efficient and was therefore applied to estimate interaction energies between T cell receptor–peptide–MHC (TCR–pMHC) complexes, which appeared to successfully explain the effects of binding capacity of MHC on repertoire–formation and the reason for the presence of elite-controllers of some viral infections. However, this evaluation method is overly simplified and requires more detailed considerations when applied to evaluating TCR-pMHC interactions. In this study, we examined this method exhaustively and revealed the limitations of the method. Following features necessitate cautious attitude when interpreting the calculation results: first, the apparent increase in the number of hot spots in accordance with an increase of educational epitope pool size does not mean an increased TCR specificity of surviving clones; second, strong binders to any TCR converge to some limited sequences that are determined by the physical nature of the Miyazawa-Jernigan matrix.
EFFECT OF CASHLESS POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN ANAMBRA STATE

The study investigated the effect of cashless policy on development of small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra state. Automated teller machine (ATM) point of sales (POS, mobile banking (MB) and internet banking were regressed on small and medium scale enterprises. The population of the study was 1300 staff of 15 selected small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra state. Judgmental sampling technique was used to get the desired target sample size of 350. The tools used in analyzing the data collected were simple percentages, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The study also employed multiple regression analysis (MRA) method to determine the effect of cashless policy on small and medium scale enterprises. The result of the study indicate that Automated teller machine has a significant effect on the development of small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra state Point of sale has no influence on the development of Small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra state. Internet banking has a significant effect on the development small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra state, and Mobile banking has significant effect on the development small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra state. The study recommended that: government should provide uninterrupted power supply and adequate communication link while shortfall should be covered by banks through back-up arrangements to power standby generators in case of power shortage; commercial banks should ensure ease of usage, and customer interactive features in ATMs, POSs, mobile and on-line shopping systems. Government and the CBN should create awareness on the benefits derivable from cashless policy for the improvement of business well as economic development
Environmental and ecological aspects of cultivation of selected energy and herbal plants propagated by in vitro culture

There has been a growing interest over the last years in techniques using alternative and pharmaceutical plants due to their wide potential applications. These species are characterised by valuable and multidirectional usable features, due to which their practical application is superior to their physiognomic features. These plants may provide a raw material for production of medicines, cosmetics or may be used for animal feeds. Moreover they may be used as ornamental, melliferous and energy plants. Owing to their generally low soil requirements they are used in the reclamation of degraded land. Among the species characterized by multidirectional use are Silphium perfoliatum, Helichrysum arenarium and Stevia rebaudiana. These plants are characterized by a high content of active compounds and a number of pro-health characteristics. Because raw materials for production of medicines and cosmetics should be standardized, cultures maintained under controlled conditions are a good source of seedlings.
Data for: Workers of the world, unite! Franchise extensions and the threat of revolution in Europe, 1820–1938

This paper tests the hypothesis that the threat of revolution caused the elite to extend the voting franchise, as suggested by Acemoglu and Robinson [Quarterly Journal of Economics 115, 1167-1199, 2000]. We propose new measures of the threat of revolution and estimate the relationship between these and measures of su¤rage reform on a sample of 12 western European countries covering the period from 1820 to 1938. We nd strong support for the "threat of revolution hypothesis". We also nd some evidence that war mattered for the extension of the franchise, whereas modernization theory receives little support. Key words: The extension of the voting franchise, democracy, threat of revolution, su¤rage. JEL classi cation: D7, P16.
Study of Slope Stability and Failure Process of Rock-Fill Barriers

A rock-fill barrier is an economical and effective structure for flood routing as well as stabilizing river bed and banks. Rock-fill barrier is a permeable and flexible structure and could resist against forces due to flow through and over flow from this structure. This study was carried out to investigate the failure process and providing criteria for slope stability of rock-fill barriers. Eighty-eight laboratory tests were performed in a flume with a longitudinal slope of 0.003 m/m, width of 0.6m, height of 0.8m and length of 14 m. A dimensional analysis technique was used to develop equations for calculating values of depth of flow in the upstream side of the barrier, the maximum flow under which a barrier remains stable, and evaluation for downstream stability of side slopes in terms of discharge, gradation of material, standard deviation of material size and upstream and downstream water depths. Data from laboratory tests were used to evaluate the results of the new equations. Using the criteria of mean relative error and root- mean-square error, it is found that there is a good accuracy of the equations introduced in this research.
Effects of hunter access and habitat security on elk habitat selection in landscapes with a public and private land matrix

Traditional elk habitat management on public land has focused on providing security habitat for bull elk during the hunting season to provide for both adequate hunter opportunity and bull survival. This paradigm has given less consideration to adult female elk habitat use, patterns of adjacent land ownership, and hunter access. This paradigm also was developed when elk population sizes were much smaller in many areas. In many Rocky Mountain states, the focus of elk population management has recently shifted to reducing or maintaining elk population sizes, necessitating a better understanding of the implications of security habitat management, as well as patterns of adjacent land ownership and hunter access, on adult female elk. We addressed this need by testing the hypotheses that during the hunting season: 1) adult female elk selection for areas prohibiting or limiting hunter access is stronger than elk selection for publicly owned and managed elk security habitat, 2) these effects occur during the archery hunting period and intensify during the rifle hunting period, and 3) the effects of hunter access on selection are consistent among herds that occupy landscapes characterized by a matrix of public and private lands. We used global position system locations collected from 82 females in 2 different Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) elk herds to evaluate effects of hunter access, security habitat as defined by the Hillis paradigm, and other landscape attributes on adult female elk resource selection during the pre-hunting, archery, rifle, and post-hunting periods. We found that female elk selection for areas restricting public hunting access was stronger than selection for security habitat in both study areas, and that the density of roads open to motorized use was the strongest predictor of elk distribution. Increases in selection for areas that restricted hunting access occurred during the rifle hunting period, and we did not find consistent evidence these movements were triggered by the archery hunting period. Our results provide evidence that in landscapes characterized by a matrix of public and privately owned lands, traditional concepts of elk security habitat need to be expanded to also include areas that restrict hunter access to plan for elk population management that is regulated through adult female harvest. Future efforts should investigate whether elk use of areas that restrict hunter access are flexible behavioral responses to hunting risk, or if these behaviors are passed from generation to generation such that a learned pattern of private land use becomes the normal movement pattern rather than a short-term behavioral response. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using a Hybrid PBL Approach in the Teaching of the Java Programming Language to First Year Third Level

First year students on third level Computing courses find Software Development difficult: learner outcomes are poor, with high failure rates and low learner retention. A number of research studies have shown that novice programmers have low intrinsic motivation and low programming selfefficacy. One of the other possible explanations for the difficulties many learners have with Software Development is that it may be a Threshold Concept in Computing. The literature suggests that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) can improve the teaching of difficult concepts, and it has been promoted by professional and funding bodies as a teaching strategy that can improve learner outcomes and bring about positive changes in learner behaviour. The main aim of this research study was to establish the impact on learner behaviour of a Hybrid PBL approach used in the teaching of an introductory Software Development module at an Irish third level institution. Learners on the Software Development module are characterised by low prior attainment in State college entry examinations, and the majority are from low income socio-economic backgrounds. Learner behaviours were investigated over four cohorts of learners using a large range of data sources. A randomised controlled experimental design was used to measure changes in attainment, programming selfefficacy, motivation, approaches to study and preferences for types of teaching. Questionnaires, data mining of learner activity and attendance logs were used to provide additional information about learner behaviour, and further analysis was undertaken using qualitative techniques such as classroom observations and interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative measures were used to confirm, cross-validate and corroborate findings. The study made significant discoveries about the strengths and limitations of the Problem-Based Learning approach in the teaching of Software Development to low attainment learners. The implications for instructional practice and for educational theory and research are discussed and a number of recommendations are made.
Schooling regimes, and the inequality-mobility mismatch

Contrary to a standard theoretical approach, evidence suggests that low income inequality, and high public school funding are not systematically as- sociated with high level of social mobility. The seminal paper of Checchi and al. (1999) oers an explanation to the puzzling situation some coun- tries experiment in this regard. They emphasize the role of incentives in the human capital accumulation process in private versus public school fund- ing. This paper proposes an extension of this model to account for mixed school regime. Two main …ndings result from numerical computations of the model. (1) More decentralized …nancing of school spending results in higher incentives for households to invest privately in their children's edu- cation. Consequently, the more decentralized schooling system, the higher social mobility and income inequality. (2) For a given school regime, higher level of intergenerational mobility translates into a lower level of income inequality because it strengthens households'demand for public spending in education. These two forces may explain why empirical evidence fails to detect the existence of a simple relation between public education, social mobility, and income inequality.
Changes in ambiguity - Definition, measures and application

This paper investigates the notion of changes in ambiguity over loss probabilities. In particular, we suggest conditions under which an individual always considers one situation to be more ambiguous than another.Changes in ambiguity over loss probabilities are expressed through aspecific case of stochastic dominance of order n as developed by Ekern(1980), and can be interpreted in terms of harms disaggregation over probabilities. We also present two measures to capture changes in ambiguity over probabilities, a non-monetary measure, the ambiguity welfare premiumand a monetary measure, the ambiguity premium. To illustrate our results, we examine a problem of optimal resources allocation in the presence of more ambiguity.
SCHOOL SHOULDN’T END WHEN THE BELL RINGS: AN EXPLORATORY HOMESCHOOLING STUDY

Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, Educational Methods Commons, Elementary Education Commons, Elementary Education and Teaching Commons, Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching Commons, Online and Distance Education Commons, Other Education Commons, Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education Commons, Science and Mathematics Education Commons, Secondary Education Commons, Secondary Education and Teaching Commons, Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons, and the Sociology Commons
Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Forest Economics

The past decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the demand for China’s wood products. However, a fast-growing demand for wood products and limited domestic timber resources has increased China’s dependence on imported wood. As a result, China has grown to be the most important player in the global trade of wood products both as an exporter of value-added wood products and as an importer of wood resources. The objective of this study is to examine managers’ perceptions of the challenges and opportunities facing the Chinese wood products companies by applying the modified Porter’s five force model. In the empirical part, qualitative semi-structured interviews with 28 managers of 7 wood products companies in China were conducted. The results suggest that low labour costs were no longer perceived as a source of competitive advantage for the Chinese companies. To develop and maintain competitive advantage in global markets, the Chinese firms should adjust their business strategies by changing production focus from low-end to high-end products, by changing sales direction from overseas to domestic markets, and focusing on development of independent brands. To compensate for the deficiency in raw materials, the Chinese companies should improve the utilization of raw materials, acquire forest lands or invest in sawmills in lower-cost and forestrich countries. With the encouragement of the Chinese government, the Chinese farmers are showing higher enthusiasm for afforestation. Furthermore, the volatile government policies bring not only challenges but also opportunities for future development of China’s wood products industry.
When Broken Promises Threaten One’s Identity: The Impact of Psychological Contract Breach on Self-Identity Threat

Research on psychological contracts has not been clear on how and why psychological contract breach (PCB) has the effect it does on employee attitudes and behaviors. In this study, we suggest that selfidentity threat provides a lens through which to better understand PCB. Specifically, PCB is expected to convey information that threatens an employee’s sense of value or worth in the organization. In a study of 386 university employees, we found that: 1) PCB results in self-identity threat, which 2) elicits strong negative affect, and 3) results in the use of coping strategies, including seeking social support and organizational retaliation.
Feeding habits of house and feral cats (Felis catus) on small Adriatic islands (Croatia)

The domestic cat (Felis catus), a globally recognised invasive predator, was introduced to the Adriatic islands (Croatia), but its feeding ecology and impacts on biodiversity in this region is unknown. We studied the feeding habits of house cats living in villages and feral cats on the outskirts of villages on two small islands (Olib and Silba) by analysing faecal samples collected in the spring and autumn periods. Our hypothesis was that the feeding strategies of cats as top mammalian predators vary in different environments, due to significant dissimilarities in their food resources. We surveyed the abundance of cats and their primary food types, e.g. small mammals, birds, rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, and lizards. Our results suggest that house cats fed most often on birds and household food, while feral cats ate mostly small mammals and lizards. Feral cats preferred the invasive mesopredator black rat (Rattus rattus) (Ivlev’s index of preference, feral cats Ei = 0.72, house cats Ei = 0.14), suggesting that cats might have an effect on rat populations. Common rabbits had a low density and were preyed on only occasionally. In both cat groups, predation on birds was more frequent during autumn migration when bird abundance was higher, than in the spring breeding period. Both groups were food generalists but in different ways, which is a fact that should be considered in planning predator pest control on the islands.
Gafforova STRATEGIC ORIENTATIONS DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS : STAY FOCUSED OR ADOPT A BROADER STRATEGIC DIRECTION ?

While there is a growing interest in management literature towards exploring multiple strategic orientations, their interactions and influence on firm performance, most research has been conducted in stable economic environments and developed countries. Taking into consideration the contemporary economic instability and its effect on business operations, it is timely to develop an understanding of strategic directions which may help firms create proper behaviors for managing their way through economic crises. In this study, we examine the role of entrepreneurial, market, and learning orientation in mitigating the negative effects of economic crisis and sanctions on firm’s operations. Based on the dataset of 612 Russian small and medium-sized enterprises collected during the crisis period in 2015-2016, the results indicate that firms with a broader strategic direction are more affected by the unfavorable economic conditions compared to firms which are focused on a particular strategic orientation. Galina Shirokova — Professor, Director of the Center for Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University; Far Eastern Federal University, School of Economics and Management e-mail: shirokova@gsom.pu. ru Tatiana Beliaeva — Doctoral student, Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University e-mail: t.beliaeva@gsom.pu. ru Elena Gafforova — Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, School of Economics and Management e-mail: egaffor@yandex.ru © Authors of Working Paper, 2016 © Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, 2016
The Impact of Presentation Modality on Perceptions of Truthful and Deceptive Confessions

This study examined the impact of presentation modality and the effectiveness of direct and indirect measures of deception to distinguish truthful from deceptive confessions. Confession statements were presented in one of three formats: audiovisual, audio-only, or written text. Forty-six observers classified each statement as true or false and provided ratings of confidence, information sufficiency, perceived cognitive load, and suspiciousness. Compared to audio and written confessions, exposure to audiovisual recordings yielded significantly lower accuracy rates for direct veracity judgements, with below chance level performance. There was no evidence that indirect measures assisted observers in discriminating truthful from deceptive confessions. Overall, observers showed a strong bias to believe confessions with poor detection rates for false statements. Reliance on video recordings to assess the veracity of confession evidence is unlikely to reduce wrongful convictions arising from false confessions.