Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methodological reporting in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods health services research articles.

OBJECTIVES Methodologically sound mixed methods research can improve our understanding of health services by providing a more comprehensive picture of health services than either method can alone. This study describes the frequency of mixed methods in published health services research and compares the presence of methodological components indicative of rigorous approaches across mixed methods, qualitative, and quantitative articles. DATA SOURCES All empirical articles (n = 1,651) published between 2003 and 2007 from four top-ranked health services journals. STUDY DESIGN All mixed methods articles (n = 47) and random samples of qualitative and quantitative articles were evaluated to identify reporting of key components indicating rigor for each method, based on accepted standards for evaluating the quality of research reports (e.g., use of p-values in quantitative reports, description of context in qualitative reports, and integration in mixed method reports). We used chi-square tests to evaluate differences between article types for each component. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mixed methods articles comprised 2.85 percent (n = 47) of empirical articles, quantitative articles 90.98 percent (n = 1,502), and qualitative articles 6.18 percent (n = 102). There was a statistically significant difference (χ(2) (1) = 12.20, p = . 0005, Cramer's V = 0.09, odds ratio = 1.49 [95% confidence interval = 1,27, 1.74]) in the proportion of quantitative methodological components present in mixed methods compared to quantitative papers (21.94 versus 47.07 percent, respectively) but no statistically significant difference (χ(2) (1) = 0.02, p = . 89, Cramer's V = 0.01) in the proportion of qualitative methodological components in mixed methods compared to qualitative papers (21.34 versus 25.47 percent, respectively). CONCLUSION Few published health services research articles use mixed methods. The frequency of key methodological components is variable. Suggestions are provided to increase the transparency of mixed methods studies and the presence of key methodological components in published reports.
A randomized comparison of two instruments for measuring self-reported antiretroviral adherence

Abstract A randomised trial compared two instruments for assessing self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications: (1) a day-by-day recall instrument that elicited the number of missed doses in each of the prior three days (3-day instrument; n=64) and (2) a general recall instrument that elicited an estimate of proportion of pills taken during the prior seven days (7-day instrument; n=70). Adherence was measured at study visits over 12 months among participants in a clinical trial assessing treatment strategies for individuals with virologic failure and multidrug-resistant HIV. Participants had a median (interquartile range) of 133 (41–264) CD4 cells/ml3 and a median of 10 major HIV resistance mutations at baseline. Mean adherence levels were 90–98% throughout the study. There was a greater trend in the likelihood of 100% adherence when measured by the 3-day versus the 7-day instrument (odds ratio (OR)=1.45; p=0.06). The likelihood of consistent 100% adherence measured by either instrument decreased over time (p<0.001). Participants reporting 100% adherence at more than half of study visits had better virologic and immunologic outcomes at month-12 compared to those reporting 100% adherence at half or fewer visits (HIV RNA decline of 0.96 versus 0.51 log, respectively, p=0.02; and CD4 cell increase of 51.0 versus 17.8 cells, p=0.04). This study demonstrated the utility of the general 7-day recall adherence self-report instrument as well as the 3-day day-by-day recall adherence self-report instrument for measuring antiretroviral adherence. Self-reported adherence was significantly associated with virologic and immunologic outcomes in this population with advanced drug-resistant HIV disease.
DISSOLUTION RATE AND BIOKINETIC MODEL OF ZIRCONIUM TRITIDE PARTICLES IN RAT LUNGS

Metal tritide has been used for different areas such as research, purification, compression, and storage of tritium. Current radiation protection guidelines for tritium compounds describe the behavior of the metal tritide as the same as that of organically bound tritium. However, the biokinetic behavior of metal tritide varies according to materials. This study evaluated the behavior of zirconium tritide (ZrT) particles in rat lungs. The dissolution rate of the ZrT particles in simulated lung fluid was obtained from a specific setup. The ZrT was classified as type-S material according to its low dissolution rate. The ZrT particles were then instilled into rat lungs. The tritium retention time in different rat organs and tritium clearance from rats was obtained by sacrificing a total of 44 rats in a 6 mo period. A biokinetic model for ZrT particles in rat lungs was developed. The predicted retention curves with various phases of tritium in each organ agreed very well with the experimental data. The result can be used to estimate the human annual limit of intake and derived air concentration of ZrT particles.
Institutional Experience with Daptomycin Treatment in Patients with Gram-Positive Infections

Purpose Daptomycin was originally approved for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, and recently, its indications were expanded to include bacteremia and right-sided infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This retrospective chart review examines outcomes and costs for individuals treated with daptomycin at a tertiary care medical center. Methods During an 11-month period, records of patients treated with daptomycin at the institution were reviewed. Cases for which complete cost data were available were included in the analysis. Outcomes were assigned to 4 categories: cured, improved, failed, or unevaluable. Hospital stay details were recorded, and antibiotic and total hospital treatment costs were calculated. Results Thirty-five patients representing 37 cases were included in the review. Of those cases, 89% (33 of 37) involved documented infections with gram-positive bacteria, 22% involved confirmed methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections, and 32% involved confirmed vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections. Most cases (27 of 37; 73%) involved infections with multiple bacterial isolates for which previous therapy had failed. Of all clinically evaluable cases, 54% were classified as cured and 42% as improved after daptomycin therapy. Median and mean ± standard deviation (SD) total cost of hospitalization were $46,730 and $111,604 ± $137,138, respectively. Overall median duration of therapy for all 37 cases was 14 days (range, 1 to 143; mean ± SD duration, 25.5 ± 32 days). Conclusion Daptomycin cured or improved most evaluable gram-positive infections. The results of this study suggest that daptomycin may be considered a therapeutic option for treatment of drug-resistant gram-positive infections.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Is there an Association?

It is well known that there is an increased risk of malignancyin individuals who are Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive . This is particularly true with regard to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) defining malignancies such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, high grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and invasive carcinoma of the cervix, and non-AIDS defining/AIDS-associated malignancies such as Hodgkin lymphoma, anal carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctivae.
Psychological distress and engagement in HIV-related services among individuals seeking mental health care

Abstract In the US, HIV-related mental health care has been funded for its ability to help engage and retain individuals living with HIV into other components of HIV-related care and treatment. However, little is known empirically about the types of HIV prevention and care with which they are, or need to be, connected. To explore this, data were collected from 617 individuals upon their self-enrollment in HIV-related mental health care in a large US city with high rates of HIV infection. Nearly a third of the participants (n=195) were “minimally engaged” in care services, 53% were “moderately engaged” and 15.6% were “highly engaged”. There were significant differences between level of care engagement according to one's ethnicity, X 2(4, n=617)=38.05; p<. 001; Cramer's V=. 18, with African-Americans and Latinos more likely to be highly engaged in care services compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Furthermore, individuals who were highly engaged in services had significantly lower levels of depression than their less engaged peers, F(2, 614)=8.18; p<. 001; η2=. 03. Results suggest that while ethnic minorities were engaged in a higher number of care services, they were enrolling in mental health care following enrollment in other care services. Given the numerous benefits of engaging in HIV-related mental health early in the course of infection, it is important that case managers and primary care physicians educate African-Americans and Latinos on the benefits of mental health care in order to facilitate earlier engagement in HIV-related mental health services.
URINARY EXCRETION OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM MARSHALLESE EXPOSED TO FALLOUT FROM THE 1954 BRAVO NUCLEAR TEST

Soon after the Bravo nuclear test at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands on 1 March 1954, urine samples were collected for analysis of excreted radioactivity from native residents exposed to radioactive fallout on two atolls as well as from U.S. military personnel on a third atoll. The earliest acquired samples, obtained by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), were assayed for various radionuclides and provided the first known measurements of 131I in urine following exposure to fallout from a nuclear test. Over the course of 1954, many additional samples were collected by the LASL, as well as by the Atomic Energy Commission New York Operations Office's Health and Safety Laboratory and the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. Collectively, the groups sampled included Marshallese exposed on Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls, American military weather observers temporarily resident on Rongerik Atoll, and sailors from the Japanese fishing vessel, the Lucky Dragon. While the bioassay measurement data and individual urine volumes have been crucial to various attempts to assess intakes of radioactivity and the related internal radiation doses among the Marshallese, those data have never been published in any peer-reviewed journal, but have been restricted to agency memoranda, laboratory reports, and summaries in some publications and book chapters. Reconstructions of internal doses to Marshallese in 1954 and in later years have depended on these data and, hence, they have considerable historical importance as well as importance to ongoing health risk projections for Marshallese. This paper presents much of the original data on urine volumes and radioactivity from the various assays of urine for radionuclides, and compares estimates of 131I intakes made in 1954, 1985, 1987, and 2008.
Arousal from propofol

S. BARASH PG. The rate-pressure product in clinical anesthesia: boon or bane? Amrthesia and Analgesia 1980; 5 9 229-3 I . LIEBERMAN RW, ORKIN FK, Joem DR, SCHWARTZ AJ. Hemodynamic predictors of myocardial ischemia during halothane anesthesia for coronary-artery revascularization. Anesrhesiology 1983; 59: 3-1. Roy WL, EDEL~ST G, CII.FIERT B. Myocardial ischemia during non-cardiac surgical procedurcs in patients with coronary-artery disease. Anesthesiology 1979; 51: 393-7. CUKIAT P, HARAIU A, DAI.OZ M, VIARS P. Clinical predictors of intraoperative myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Aclu Anaesthesiologicu Srundinavira 1982; 26: 287-90. G R I F F ~ RM, KAPLAN JA. Myocardial ischaemia during non-cardiac surgery. A comparison of different lead systems using computcrised ST segment analysis. Anaesthesia 1987; 42: 155-9. A rep1,v
Comparison of C‐reactive Protein and Albumin Excretion as Prognostic Markers for 10‐Year Mortality After Myocardial Infarction

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is an established prognostic marker in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Recently, albumin excretion rate also has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes in this clinical setting. Our aim was to compare the prognostic power of CRP and albumin excretion rate for long‐term mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
The nutrition transition: a gender perspective with reference to Brazil

The concept of the ‘nutrition transition’ is widely used to explain the recent, rapid rise in overweight and obesity, and the co-existence of under- and over-nutrition, in low-income populations in ‘middle-income’ developing countries. This article provides an overview of the changes occurring in diets, physical activity, and nutritional status among children and adults in nutrition transition settings, explores the impact of these changes by gender, and discusses the long-term individual and social repercussions of such changes. It concludes by framing important questions for development practice and policy in nutrition transition settings through a gendered lens.
Smoking prevalence in 15-16-year-old pupils in Solihull, 1987-93: impact on health education practice

Since 1987, a survey of the prevalence of cigarette smoking among 15-16-year-olds in Solihull has been carried out every two years (1987, 1989, 1991 and 1993). The information was gathered by an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, distributed to a one-in-five random sample of Year 11 pupils from all Solihull Local Authority secondary schools. The percentage of pupils who smoked (defined as smoking at least one cigarette in the previous week) has increased from 23 per cent in 1987 to 28 per cent in 1993. In each survey, at least two-thirds of the pupils who smoked wished to give up. The information from the surveys has made it a priority to increase our effective no-smoking activity with young people to halt, then reverse, the current trend of increasing smoking rates among young people.
Results of Shoulder Arthroplasty in Nontraumatic Conditions: Third‐generation Prosthesis Experience

&NA; Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are very common conditions in our aging population. Patients with this condition usually complain of pain and decreased range of motion that affect their activities of daily living. This study is a retrospective review of a third‐generation shoulder arthroplasty performed for nontraumatic conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon, between 1997 and 2000, with an average postoperative follow‐up of 28 months. Thirty‐six patients, with 28 total shoulder arthroplasties and nine hemiarthroplasties were included in this study. The distribution of shoulder pathology was as follows: 25 patients with osteoarthritis and 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A preoperative and postoperative evaluation was available for every patient, including a visual analog scale, a questionnaire of activities of daily living, active range of motion, and strength. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder index and the University of California, Los Angeles rating scale were calculated for all patients. There was an average increase of 46 degrees in forward flexion, 23 degrees in external rotation, 40 points in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder index, and 17 points in the University of California, Los Angeles scale. The results of this study demonstrate that excellent pain relief, increase in range of motion, as well as improvement in the activities of daily living performance can be obtained with this thirdgeneration shoulder prosthesis.
Risky behaviors for HIV infection among male incarcerated injection drug users in Taiwan: a case-control study

Abstract Taiwan has experiencing an outbreak of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) since 2003. A case-control study was conducted to determine the behavioral characteristics associated with HIV infection among IDUs. The study identified 120 inmates with HIV infection and 121 matched HIV-negative controls from prisons. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. The study found 48.1% of IDUs shared needles, less than a half of IDUs reported sexual intercourse before incarceration and only 19.7% used condoms. The multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for years of heroin injection, found that HIV infection was independently associated with the use of a used needle or syringe at the latest injection (odds ratio [OR], 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–20.2, p<0.001), having HIV-infected relatives or friends (OR, 5.7; 95%CI, 2.5–13.2, p<0.001) and sharing containers with others (OR, 3.3; 95%CI, 1.2–8.8, p=0.02). Our findings highlight the importance of needle exchange programs along with HIV-prevention education.
Prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV-1 post-test counseling in the era of antiretroviral therapy in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: challenges and opportunities

Abstract In this era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) a limited number of population-based studies have investigated the extent of voluntary counseling and testing acceptance and completion in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV post-test counseling (PTC) among adults in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Following a cross-sectional survey, people aged 15–44 years living in Oria village were interviewed and offered individual HIV-1 pre-test counseling. They were asked to return for PTC two weeks after blood sample collection. HIV-1 testing was accepted by 1491 (97.6%) of participants with 98.9% expressing desire to know their results. The proportion of individuals who did not return for PTC was 50.9%. These proportions did not differ by sex. Seropositive HIV result (AOR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3–4.3 for women and AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.2–5.7 for men), low HIV/AIDS-transmission and ART availability knowledge, perceived low risk of HIV infection, not accepting to share results (men only) and inability to self-prevent HIV infection (women only) predicted failure to return for PTC. Additionally, participants were more likely not to return for PTC if they had no-formal education or reported recent sexual-risk behaviors, for both sexes. Age, prior HIV testing or AIDS-related clinical symptoms were not associated with return for PTC in this population. These findings suggest that low returns for PTC, especially for HIV-seropositive individuals, result in a substantial missed opportunity for prevention and care. Knowledge of ART accessibility is necessary but not sufficient to promote adequate return for PTC. The high attendance for pre-test counseling should be utilized to identify potential individuals who may not return for PTC and to promote risk reduction and care.
Calcium and total bilirubin levels in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C viruses in Lautech teaching hospital, Osogbo, South West Nigeria.

Aim : One third of HIV patients are co - infected with HCV. As HIV patients live longer this co - infection and its complications such as liver cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma, metabolic syndrome are emerging as major manifestations of the disease that need to be dealt with promptly in order to avoid a reduction of the positive effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on HIV/AIDS i ntroduced in 1996. Another system that could be affected by co - infection is the skeletal system. It has been shown that HIV itself and in combination with HCV could lead to a reduction in Original Research Article
Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectation, Self-Care Behavior, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes

The impact of type 2 diabetes continues to escalate in the United States. The estimated number of those diagnosed with the disease has more than doubled, from 5.8 million to 14.6 million in the past several years. Living well with diabetes and having maximum self-management requires multiple skill development, a positive expectation about outcomes, and self-confidence in one’s own ability. The influence of select factors on diabetes control including self-efficacy and outcome expectation and their relationship to self-care is not well known. The purpose of this predictive study was to examine the relationships of selfefficacy, outcome expectation, and self-care behavior on glycosylated hemoglobin level in persons with type 2 diabetes. Identifying the predictive relationships of the study variables should enhance the patient’s and the nurse’s understanding about factors associated with diabetes control as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin level. Bandura’s SelfEfficacy Model provides a structure for understanding the interrelated relevant variables of self-efficacy, outcome expectation, self-care behavior, and their impact on the outcome, glycosylated hemoglobin level. A convenience sample of 100 participants who met the inclusion criteria of (a) 25 to 75 years of age; (b) established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes greater than 6 months; (c) English speaking, literate adult; and (d) free of serious diabetes complications, was recruited for the study. All participants completed the self-report measures: the Demographic Western Journal of Nursing Research Volume 30 Number 8 December 2008 1028-1029 © 2008 Sage Publications 10.1177/0193945908323637 http://wjn.sagepub. com hosted at http://online.sagepub. com
Evidence of Myocardial Edema in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance allows for the noninvasive assessment of function, morphology, and myocardial edema. Activation of inflammatory pathways may play an important role in the etiology of chronic DCM and may also be involved in the disease progression.
Electromagnetic Interference and Implanted Cardiac Devices: The Nonmedical Environment (Part I)

The number of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators, is dramatically rising due to an aging population and recent clinical trials showing benefits in mortality and morbidity. Coupled with this increase in the number of patients with CIEDs is the proliferation of technology that emits electromagnetic signals, which can potentially interfere with CIED function through electromagnetic interference (EMI). Despite continuous efforts of manufacturers to create “EMI‐proof” CIEDs, adverse events from EMI still occur. Physicians caring for patients with CIEDs should be aware of potential sources of EMI and appropriate management options. This 2‐part review aims to provide a contemporary overview of the current knowledge regarding risks attributable to EMI interactions from the most common nonmedical (Part I) and medical (Part II) sources. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.21998