Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE ROSENSWEIG INSTABILITY IN A MAGNETIC FLUID SUBJECT TO DIFFUSION OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES

Abstract The present study is devoted to the classical problem on stability of a magnetic fluid layer under the influence of gravity and a uniform magnetic field. A periodical peak‐shaped stable structure is formed on the fluid surface when the applied magnetic field exceeds a critical value. The mathematical model describes a single peak in the pattern assuming axial symmetry of the peak shape. The field configuration in the whole space, the magnetic particle concentration inside the fluid and the free surface structure are unknown quantities in this model. The unknown free surface is treated explicitly, using a parametric representation with respect to the arc length. The nonlinear problem is discretized by means of a finite element method for the Maxwell's equations and a finite‐difference method for the free surface equations. Numerical modelling allows to get over‐critical equilibrium free surface shapes in a wide range of applied field intensities. Our numerical results show a significant influence .
Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA*

We report the detection of continuous positional and polarization changes of the compact source SgrA* in high states (“flares”) of its variable near-infrared emission with the near-infrared GRAVITY-Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) beam-combining instrument. In three prominent bright flares, the position centroids exhibit clockwise looped motion on the sky, on scales of typically 150 μas over a few tens of minutes, corresponding to about 30% the speed of light. At the same time, the flares exhibit continuous rotation of the polarization angle, with about the same 45(±15) min period as that of the centroid motions. Modelling with relativistic ray tracing shows that these findings are all consistent with a near face-on, circular orbit of a compact polarized “hot spot” of infrared synchrotron emission at approximately six to ten times the gravitational radius of a black hole of 4 million solar masses. This corresponds to the region just outside the innermost, stable, prograde circular orbit (ISCO) of a Schwarzschild–Kerr black hole, or near the retrograde ISCO of a highly spun-up Kerr hole. The polarization signature is consistent with orbital motion in a strong poloidal magnetic field.
Rv Synthesis route and optical characterization of CdS : Mn / polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite

CdS nanoparticles doped with Mn have been synthesized in aqueous solution by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a capping reagent. Influence of the polymer concentration on the size and concentration of the nanoparticles was studied using transmission electron microscopy and optical absorption. Incorporation of Mn ions into CdS nanoparticles was confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) intensity increase and band shift with Mn concentration. The PL studies proved that localization of Mn ions (inside the nanoparticles or on the surface) depends on the sequence of synthesis steps. The bleaching of the low-energy PL band of the low-doped CdS:Mn nanoparticles by surface modification with a Cd(OH)2 layer proves suppression of the emission related to surface states.
Explaining the Transition between Exchange Rate Regimes

This paper studies the transition between exchange rate regimes using a Markov chain model with time-varying transition probabilities. The probabilities are parameterized as nonlinear functions of variables suggested by the currency crisis and optimal currency area literature. Results using annual data indicate that inflation and, to a lesser extent, output growth and trade openness help explain the exchange rate regime transition dynamics.
12 Role of the Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Management of Gastric Lymphomas : Our Experience and Review of Literature

The stomach is the most common extranodal site of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 7.1 to 10% of adult NHL (Danzon et al., 2009). The most frequent histotypes of gastric lymphomas are MALT lymphomas that arise from the stomach-associated lymphatic tissue and the Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) (Koch et al., 2001). Several studies have observed that in recent years both gastric-NHL incidence and survival are increasing (Danzon et al., 2009). Furthermore, the management of gastric lymphomas has changed during the last two decades with a strong reduction of surgery in flavor to conservative treatments (Yoon S.S. et al., 2004). Indeed, the progress in biologic understanding of the pathogenesis, the introduction of Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication therapy and the introduction of conservative treatment have definitely changed the approach to the disease and gastrectomy is no longer the first choice (Fischbach, 2010). The role of HP is a consolidated finding and several studies have confirmed that a simple antibiotic therapy (AT) for HP eradication is an effective treatment for MALT lymphomas with limited extension (Fischback et al., 2004), whereas, for advanced gastric lymphomas, the golden standard of treatment is the antineoplastic chemotherapy with alkylating agents in monochemotherapy such as Clorambucil for MALT lymphomas and polichemotherapy together with immunotherapy such as R-CHOP for DLBCL (Zucca & Dreyling, 2010). The loco-regional staging of gastric lymphomas with limited disease is important in order to better understand how to treat patients and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technique plays in this context a pivotal role by giving information for the prevision of response to HP eradication therapy since this therapy has shown to induce a high percentage of histological remission (up to 88%) when the disease is confined to mucosa and submucosa (Caletti et al., 2002). However, the importance of EUS in assessing the response to treatment and the follow-up is controversial. During the last decade, some reports indicated the importance of EUS in evaluating the response to treatment and also in long-term follow-up of gastric lymphomas with limited disease (Yeh et al., 2003), whereas other recent reports indicated the importance of EUS also in the follow-up of local-advanced MALT lymphoma (Pavlović et al., 2005). That notwithstanding, the latest ESMO clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Application Development of Lignin in Valuable Engineering Polymers Via Mild Thermochemical and Mechanochemical Process

Zhang, J., Wolcott, M. , Xin, J., Guo, X. , Teng, X. , Qin, J. & Li, M. (2016). Application development of lignin in valuable engineering polymers via mild thermochemical and mechanochemical process. NARA Final Reports. Pullman, WA. Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA).
Structural Priming as Implicit Learning in Language Acquisition: The Persistence of Lexical and Structural Priming in 4-Year-Olds

Savage et al. (2003) found that 4-year-old children are subject to sentence-level structural priming in conditions of high lexical overlap between prime and target. The present study investigated whether the process of priming also leads to significant implicit learning. Forty-four English-speaking 4-year-old children were asked to describe a prime picture by repeating a passive sentence, and then they were left to their own devices to describe a target picture. Some children were exposed to a prime set consisting of identical passive sentences across items, whereas others received varied passive sentences (using different verbs) across items. There were 2 main findings. First, varied primes were significantly more effective than identical primes in eliciting passive sentences from the children, showing both a greater immediate effect and a longer lasting effect (varied primes, but not identical primes, were still effective after a week). Second, the effect of the varied primes persisted for up to a month, but only for those children who received the opportunity to name pictures at the 1-week interval (reinforcement). These results provide the first evidence that priming in young children is sensitive to variation across the prime set and that it can be quite long lasting, suggesting that during the priming session children are also learning and so modifying their linguistic representations.
Impact of hazardous components on CO2 biofixation from synthetic flue gas using Chlorella sp. JPR-1 in a raceway pond photobioreactor

This work aimed to investigate the effects of hazardous compounds (NO and SO 2 ) in flue gas on Chlorella JPR-1 growth in a raceway pond photobioreactor at ambient temperature (30 °C) without pH control. Chlorella JPR-1 exhibited its tolerant to CO 2 content in the flue gas as high as 50%. The maximum carbon fixation rate (1.84 g CO 2 /L.day) observed when the flue gas contained 10% CO 2 . Although the specific growth rate was 25.88% lower than the control culture when cultivated with 50 ppm SO 2 , Chlorella JPR-1 still could grow when cultured with 100 ppm SO 2 with slightly longer lag phase period. A growth rate reduction of 3.53% of the control culture was observed when Chlorella JPR-1 was cultured with flue gas containing 50 ppm NO. This study has shown that Chlorella JPR-1 has a high potential to be used for CO 2 fixation from flue gas.
Performance-Based Seismic Retrofit Strategy for Existing Reinforced Concrete Frame Systems Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

The feasibility and efficiency of a seismic retrofit intervention using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer composites on existing reinforced concrete frame systems, designed prior to the introduction of modern standard seismic design code provisions in the mid-1970s, are herein presented, based on analytical and experimental investigations on beam-column joint subassemblies and frame systems. A multilevel retrofit strategy, following hierarchy of strength considerations, is adopted to achieve the desired performance. The expected sequence of events is visualized through capacity-demand curves within M-N performance domains. An analytical procedure able to predict the enhanced nonlinear behavior of the panel zone region, due to the application of CFRP laminates, in terms of shear strength principal stresses versus shear deformation, has been developed and is herein proposed as a fundamental step for the definition of a proper retrofit solution. The experimental results from quasistatic tests on beam-column subassemblies, either interior and exterior, and on three-storey three-bay frame systems in their as-built and CFRP retrofitted configurations, provided very satisfactory confirmation of the viability and reliability of the adopted retrofit solution as well as of the proposed analytical procedure to predict the actual sequence of events.
Design and Performance Characterization of an Additively Manufactured Primary Heat Exchanger for sCO 2 Waste Heat Recovery Cycles

Design, fabrication and characterization of an additively manufactured (AM) Inconel 718 Primary Heat Exchanger (PHX) for waste heat recovery is discussed. Design details including considerations of pressure drop on the hot side, high internal pressure on the sCO2 side and the near-counter flow design for high effectiveness are discussed. The fabricated AM PHX is pressure tested at temperature for verification of structural integrity. Preliminary results of pressure drop and heat transfer rate are also presented.
Gas Turbine Cogeneration Groups Flexibility to Classical and Alternative Gaseous Fuels Combustion

The gas turbine installations represent one of the most dynamic fields related to the applica‐ bility area and total installed power. The gas turbines have been developed particularly as aviation engines but they find their applicability in many areas, one of which being simulta‐ neously obtaining electric and thermal energy in gas turbine cogeneration plants. The gas turbine cogeneration plants may be classified based on the constructive technology of the gas turbine in [1]: aeroderivative gas turbines plants (up to 10 MW); industrial gas turbines plants, specifically designed for obtaining energy (from 10 up to hundreds MW). An avia‐ tion gas turbine with expired flying resource is still functional due to the fact that the flight time is limited as a consequence of the specific safety normatives requirements. Therefore the aeroderivative gas turbine is defined as a gas turbine, derived from an aviation gas tur‐ bine, dedicated to ground applications. According to the initial destination, these gas tur‐ bines have been designed for maximum efficiency considering the limited fuel quantity available for an aircraft flying large distances. The basic idea in developing the aeroderiva‐ tive gas turbine has been to transfer all the scientific and technologic knowledge ensuring a high degree of energy utilization (design concepts, materials, technologies, etc.) from avia‐ tion to ground [2]. Therefore the obtained gas turbines are lighter, with smaller size, in‐ creased reliability, reduced maintenance costs and high efficiency. The remaining resource for ground applications is proportional with the flight resource, being able to reach up to 30,000 hours considering the lower operating regimes. From the point of view of the actual application, the free power turbine groups are the most recommended [3]. Unlike the aero‐ derivative turbine power units, the industrial power units are built by the original producer
Relation between static and dynamic optimization in computer network routing

Computer network routing is a very important and interesting optimization problem. Many different routing algorithms have been used over the years on the Internet, often with unexpected problems. Dynamic systems, i.e. systems that change over time, can be optimized statically with a fixed solution that corresponds to some average system state, or dynamically where the solution tries to follow the system change over time. It is a normal expectation that dynamic optimization has to give better results than a static one. Dynamic optimization is more complex, requires more computation, more advanced methods, but is superior to static optimization because it can always be transformed to the static case simply by neglecting change of the system in time and selecting a single state as a representative. However, that expectation that dynamic optimization gives better results than static one applies only to the perfect dynamic optimization, which is impossible in practice. It takes some time to collect information about the system current state, and optimization is always done with that obsolete information. This situation is examined on computer network routing. By complete mathematical analysis of a simple network, we show that dynamic routing gives better results than static, as expected, but that the margin is much smaller then intuitively expected. Further analysis shows that that minor advantage can easily be lost if there is even a small error in the dynamic routing tables, and actually dynamic routing can easily become worse than static. It takes time to collect information about network traffic. By the time routing tables are calculated, they are already obsolete; they are about some previous condition on the network, not the current one. Quantitative analysis shows that delays in building routing tables can affect dynamic routing performance unexpectedly strongly. This leads to the qualitative recommendation: "Trying to optimize too hard will make things worse. Dynamic routing should not try to adapt to traffic changes very fast. " This hypothesis is accepted today and implemented in routing algorithms.
Initial Predictors of Life Satisfaction in Early Adulthood

In this article, we examine the patterns of association among a number of different factors that may contribute to differences in the initial baseline level of subjective well-being among young people in transition to adulthood. Although we know that life satisfaction is relatively stable throughout adulthood with few factors leading to long term increases or decreases in the baseline of life satisfaction over time, we do not know very much about the determinants of baseline life satisfaction. Our own study addresses this question by using data from the adult and youth questionnaires of the German Socio-economic Panel to examine how these factors are related to the initial assessment of life satisfaction by the individual in late adolescence.
Mapping quantitative trait Loci for ordinal traits using the generalized linear model in half-sib designs

Most QTL mapping methods share a common assumption: that the phenotype follows a normal distribution. Many phenotypes of interest, however, do not satisfy this assumption. In this paper, a methodology of QTL mapping for ordinal traits based on the framework of the generalized linear model (GLM) is presented. The location and effect of the putative QTL were estimated us- ing the maximum likelihood method. The efficiency and the power of the proposed method were compared with that of the method based on the linear model (LM) in various conditions (QTL ef- fect, heritability, phenotypic incidence, and number of categories of phenotypes) via simulation. A daughter design with multiple families and a total of 500 individuals was applied. The results showed that the GLM approach had certain advantages over the LM approach in power of QTL detection and QTL position estimation for ordinal traits. The estimates of the QTL position were 0.11∼1.59 cM (0.78 on average) less biased with smaller standard errors. The power of QTL detec- tion was 1.6 ∼ 10.9% (5.1% on average) higher. In addition, the power and the accuracy of QTL mapping depended on the effect of the putative quantitative trait loci and the value of heritability. With the increase of the QTL effect from 0.05 to 0.3, the biases of the QTL position estimates reduced 0.4 to 3.6 cM and the power increased 27 to 56% under different heritabilities. With the increase of heritability from 0.1 to 0.4, the biases reduced 0.24 to 3.1 cM and the power increased 5% to 35% under a different QTL effect. ordinal traits / threshold models / generalized linear model / QTL mapping / maximum likelihood
Chinese Returnees and High-Tech Sector Outward FDI: The Case of Changzhou*

The rapid growth and high levels of internationalization by Chinese firms raise a natural interest in the study of the factors that have led to the notable international presence of Chinese firms. To contribute to this effort, we use data from the 2008–10 survey of China's high-tech firms, conducted by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, to estimate the determinants of Chinese firm outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). In our analysis, the primary independent variables include high-tech intensity, human capital acquisition, and institutional factors. We also controlled for various firm characteristics such as firm age, total value of fixed assest, and firm ownership. Estimation from our fixed-effects model uncovers a number interesting patterns in OFDI outcomes. Most notable among the significant determinants of OFDI, the number of Chinese returnees employed by a firm seems to be more important than tax reduction policies. Further, the influence of the Chinese returnees have a stronger effect on non–state-controlled firms than they do for state-controlled firms. This finding is intuitive, because the Chinese returnees who were trained in the West have an understanding of product markets, labor markets, financial markets, language and business culture, and trade laws in both China and the West. Their unique skill sets and knowledge appear to serve as an important catalyst in the growth of OFDI and internationalization by Chinese firms.
The First Study on Locomotive Syndrome in Lower Amputees in Japan

Background: In 2007, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) proposed the term "Locomotive syndrome" (LS) to describe a condition in high-risk patients with musculoskeletal disease. So far, there are many studies that are designed for non-handicapped people. However, the study using a cohort of handicapped people are limited. In this study, we therefore conducted a study on LS in lower amputees. Methods and Participants: We surveyed 47 lower amputees. A questionnaire that included the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) and the Loco-check was distributed to the participants. Results: According to GLFS-25, the classifications of the amputee patients were as follows: no locomotive dysfunction, n=21 (44.7%); grade I locomotive syndrome, n=17 (36.2%); and grade II locomotive syndrome, n=9 (19.1%). The mean GLFS-25 was 10.4. According to the Loco-check, 43 (91.5%) patients were at risk of LS. Conclusion: We have surveyed the GLFS-25 and Loco-check to investigate the risk of LS in lower limb amputees. We found that lower limb amputees had unique risk factors for LS, including amputation level, phantom pain, stump wound and frequency of wheelchair use. Both non-handicapped people and lower limb amputees need to be considered in studies on LS and more specific countermeasures are required for LS in lower limb amputees.
Trace elements slowly accumulating, depleting in soils

Certain trace elements are essential for humans, plants and animals, but become toxic at higher concentrations. For many trace elements, the margin of safety between beneficial and harmful is narrow. Deficiencies of trace elements are common plant nutritional problems in crop production. While most trace elements in soils are beneficial to plant growth, a buildup of trace elements may have a negative effect on whoever eats the plant. Trace elements may also degrade water quality downstream. Some are added to soils from the atmosphere, irrigation water and agricultural inputs including chemicals, biosolids, manures and compost. On cropland, important trace elements may also be depleted from the soil profile through leaching, crop harvest, surface runoff and volatilization. We calculated the levels of trace-element accumulation and depletion on the West Side of the San Joaquin Valley. Although the accumulation of chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, copper and zinc on cropland will increase significantly over time, the rate of accumulation is slow and the added trace elements are not likely to interfere with farming in the foreseeable future. At the same time, arsenic, boron, molybdenum and selenium are being depleted from West Side soils. Elements removed in drainage water are now accumulating in evaporation ponds. To ensure desirable levels, water and soil sources of these elements must be monitored, and research into methods for limiting their accumulation and depletion should continue.