Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibody localization in human renal cell carcinoma: a phase I study of monoclonal antibody G250.

PURPOSE To define the imaging and biodistribution characteristics of iodine 131-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) G250 (131I-mAbG250), which recognizes a cell-surface antigen expressed by human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS G250 is a cell-surface antigen recognized by mAbG250 expressed by RCC but not detected in normal kidney. Clear-cell RCC, the most frequent form of RCC, shows homogeneous expression of G250, whereas non-clear-cell RCC and cancers derived from other organs generally do not express G250. Expression in normal tissues is highly restricted and limited to large bile ducts and gastric epithelium. 131I-mAbG250 was administered intravenously (IV) to 16 patients with RCC 7 to 8 days before surgery at five dose levels, with at least three patients entered at each dose level. RESULTS Clear tumor images were observed in 12 patients with G250-positive tumors and in one of three patients with G250-negative tumors. Imaged lesions in the peritoneal cavity were confirmed at surgery. The smallest lesion visualized was 8 mm in diameter. The specificity of 131I-mAbG250 localization to tumor tissue was established by radioactivity measurements, autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry of biopsied tissues, and technetium 99-human serum albumin blood-flow studies. The fraction of the injected 131I-mAbG250 dose per gram tumor (%ID/g tumor) localized in G250-positive tumors showed a broad range, but reached levels as high as 0.02% to 0.12%. CONCLUSION 131I-mAbG250 localized specifically to G250 antigen-positive RCC and seems to have considerable potential as an imaging agent in RCC patients. 131I-mAbG250 uptake in the tumors, relative as well as absolute, are among the highest reported for tumor biopsies obtained 8 days after IV mAb administration. Based on the specific localization and high accumulation, mAb G250 may have therapeutic potential.
Trophoblast deportation in human pregnancy--its relevance for pre-eclampsia.

The maternal syndrome of pre-eclampsia is thought to result from endothelial cell damage caused by a circulating factor derived from the placenta. This study investigates the hypothesis that trophoblast deportation may be part of the process by which this factor enters the maternal circulation. The nature and incidence of trophoblast deportation was studied in uterine vein and peripheral blood taken from normal and pre-eclamptic women at caesarean section. Trophoblasts were enriched using immunomagnetic beads to deplete leucocytes and labelled with trophoblast-specific monoclonal antibodies. Syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast clumps and anucleate trophoblast cells were found in uterine vein blood. Cytotrophoblast cells were found to be shed less frequently than syncytiotrophoblast and the majority were probably villous in origin. Trophoblasts were found in the uterine vein blood of normal pregnant women with higher levels in pre-eclampsia. However, trophoblasts were rarely found in the peripheral circulation. There was no correlation between trophoblast numbers and either the severity of the disease, the extent of placental pathology or the inhibitory effect of uterine and peripheral vein plasma on endothelial growth in vitro. Thus, it is speculated that increased trophoblast deportation in pre-eclampsia is secondary to the structural and functional changes occurring in the placenta, rather than directly linked with the circulating endothelial cell damaging factor in pre-eclampsia.
Phytoene synthase genes in tomato (Solanumlycopersicum L.) – new data on the structures, the deduced amino acid sequences and the expression patterns

The fruit of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a berry: red, fleshy and rich in seeds. Its colour is due to the high content of lycopene whose synthesis is activated by the phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) enzyme, encoded by Psy1 which is distinct from Psy2. In the present study, we report on the genomic structures of the Psy1 and Psy2 genes and on their transcription patterns in different tomato tissues. Our results have completely clarified the structure of the Psy1 and Psy2 genes in the coding sequence region. The two genes were shown to have an highly conserved structure, with seven exons being almost identical and six introns being much more variable. For Psy1 and Psy2, respectively, the sequenced regions were 4527 and 3542 bp long, the coding sequences were 1239 bp and 1317 bp long, whereas the predicted protein sequences were 412 and 438 amino acids. The two proteins are almost identical in the central region, whereas most differences are present in the N‐terminus and C‐terminus. Quantitative real time PCR analysis showed that Psy2 transcript was present in all tested plant tissues, whereas Psy1 transcript could be detected in chromoplast‐containing tissues, particularly in fruit where it activates and boosts lycopene accumulation. Interestingly, the organ with the highest relative content of Psy2 transcript is the petal and not the leaf. Psy1 is a Psy2 paralog derived through a gene duplication event that have involved other genes encoding rate controlling enzymes of the carotenoid pathway. Duplicate genes have been recruited to allow carotenoid synthesis in petals and fruits. However, recruitment of carotenoid metabolism for fruit pigmentation could have occurred later in the evolution, either because phytoene synthase gene duplication occurred later or because the fruit pigmentation process required a more sophisticated mechanism involving tight control of the transcription of other genes.
Establishing a democracy classroom: cooperative learning and good teaching

1 CHAPTER ONE: ESTABLISHING A DEMOCRACY CLASSROOM: COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND GOOD TEACHING . 2 CHAPTER TWO: COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND GOOD TEACHING AND DEMOCRACY CLASSROOMS: THE RESEARCH LITERATURE . 9 Introduction . 9 Section 1: Cooperative Learning . 11 An Introduction to CL . 11 Collaboration and Cooperation . 12 Historical background to Cooperative Learning Research . 13 Approaches to Cooperative Learning . 17 a. Distributed cognition. 21 b. Size and composition of group. 22 c. Task and reward structures. 23 The Key Cooperative Learning Elements . 23 Benefits of CL Use . 25 Improvement of academic outcomes. 25 Social and emotional learning. 27 Student relationships. 28 The Teacher’s Role in CL . 29 Structuring role. 29 Roles during implementation. 30 Planning for Cooperative Learning in the classroom. 31 Section 2: Education and Pedagogies for Democracy. 33 A. Defining Democratic Education . 33 Democracy schools and classrooms. 35 Communities of learning . 36 Communicative capacity . 37 B. Education for Democracy . 39 The impact of standardised testing on pedagogical practices. 40 Democracy classrooms: Democracy stance; Culture of communication . 43 Democracy stance. 43 Democracy classrooms: Community of practice and Rich learning community . 47 Democracy classrooms: Inclusive practice. 48 Democracy classrooms: Social learning. 50 Democracy classrooms: Global citizenship. 51 C. Approaches to Education for Democracy, Civics and Citizenship in Australia . 53 Civics and citizenship curriculum in Australia. 53 Models of pedagogy that can assist a democracy classroom culture. 55 What is Pedagogy? 56 Why pedagogy is important. 57 Good Pedagogy and a National Curriculum in Australia . 59 iv The Quality Teaching Model as an Indicator of Good Pedagogy . 61 Section 3: CL, Pedagogy and QT . 63 Alignment of CL and Quality Teaching . 63 CL – Advanced Democracy Pedagogy. 65 Section 4: Early Career Teachers . 66 Early Career Teachers: Challenges . 67 Early Career Teachers’ Induction and Mentoring . 68 Early Career Teachers and Pedagogical Support . 72 Early Career Teachers and Professional Development Models . 73 Communities of practice. 74 Practitioner research. 74 Action research / reflection. 75 Section 6: Conclusion . 78 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN . 81 Brief Introduction – Focus of the Study . 81 Action Research Approach . 83 Multiple Case Study Design Research . 86 A Triangulated Mixed Methods Research Approach . 88 Linking Cooperative Learning and good teaching: underlying principles . 91 Linking CL, QT and Democracy Classrooms: the principles emerging . 98 Study Design: Participants . 102 Study Design: Procedures for Data Collection . 104 Phase 1 . 105 Phase 2 . 107 Phase 3 . 108 Study Design: Mixed Data Sources and Methods of Analysis. 112 Use of Multiple Data Sources . 113 Interviews . 113 Classroom Observations . 115 Cooperative Learning. 115 Quality teaching. 117 Reflective Diaries . 118 Reflective diaries – Teacher participants. 118 Reflective diary – Researcher. 118 Professional Learning Session Proceedings . 119 Professional learning session 1
Studies on the inhibition of human cytochromes P450 by selenocysteine Se -conjugates

1. To investigate whether cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibition can contribute to the chemopreventive activity of selenocysteine Se -conjugates (SeCys conjugates), 21 SeCys conjugates were screened for their inhibitory potency towards seven of the most important human P450s. 2. The majority of the SeCys conjugates produced near complete inhibition of CYP1A1 at a concentration of 250 µm. The most potent inhibitor, Se -benzyl- l -selenocysteine, displayed an IC 50 of 12.8 ± 1. 2µm. CYP2C9, -2C19 and -2D6 were moderately (50-60%) inhibited by the SeCys conjugates. CYP1A2, -2E1 and -3A4 were least inhibited. 3. Studies on the susceptibility of CYP1A1 to SeCys conjugates implicated a thiol-reactive intermediate, as evidenced by reduced inhibition levels in the presence of glutathione and N -acetyl cysteine. Uncoupling of the P450-catalytic cycle was of no importance as ROS scavengers did not influence inhibition levels. 4. P450 inhibition by two physiologically relevant metabolite classes of SeCys conjugates was also studied. N -acetylation of SeCys conjugates consistently increased the inhibitory potency towards CYP1A2, -2C19, -2E1 and -3A4. Beta-lyase catalysed bioactivation of alkyl-substituted SeCys conjugates or Se -benzyl- l -selenocysteine produced little or no additional inhibition of P450 activity. For Se -phenyl- l -selenocysteine, however, significant increases in P450 inhibition were obtained by beta-lyase pre-incubation. 5. It is concluded that the potent and relatively selective CYP1A1 inhibition exerted by SeCys conjugates may contribute to their chemopreventive activity.
Comparison of Effects of Atracurium and Vecuronium in Cardiac SurgicalPatients

To compare the cardiovascular effects of intubating doses of atracurium besylate and vecuronium bromide in cardiac surgical patients while utilizing fentanyl anesthesia, 20 patients scheduled for elective coronaryartery bypass surgery were randomly assigned to two equal groups in a double-blind fashion. Two minutes after induction of anesthesia, baseline hemodynamic measurements were obtained and either atracurium 0.5 mg/kg (group 1) or vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg (group 2) was administered as an intravenous bolus. Hemodynamic measurements were then repeated 2, 5, and 10 minutes after injection. Atracurium produced a statistically significant decrease in blood pressure at 2 minutes and a statistically significant increase in cardiac output and decrease in systemic vascular resistance at 2, 5, and 10 minutes. Vecuronium produced no statistically significant changes in any hemodynamic variable measured other than a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 10 minutes after the drug was administered. The hemodynamic changes seen with atracurium were closely related to changes in serum histamine levels, whereas histamine level did not change after vecuronium. There were no statistically significant differences between thetwo groups, even though after atracurium statistically significant changes were observed while there were no statistically significant changes associated with vecuronium. It is concluded that when utilizing the above clinical dose range, use of vecuronium may be advantageous over use of atracurium when hemodynamic stability is crucial in the anesthetic managementof cardiac surgical patients.
De jure and de facto institutions – disentangling the interrelationships

In this paper we contribute to the debate on the nature of institutions and their economic effects by extending the focus to the de jure – de facto institutional distinction. Firstly, we define and conceptualize de facto institutions, as well as elaborate on their place in the broad institutional system and identification. Then we investigate the possible interrelationships between de facto and de jure institutions. Finally, we make a link between these interrelationships and economic outcomes. In this way the paper fills an underexploited niche in institutional research, which is a major background for law and economics.
Acute Opioid Tolerance: Intraoperative Remifentanil Increases Postoperative Pain and Morphine Requirement

Background Rapid development of acute opioid tolerance is well established in animals and is more likely to occur with large doses of short-acting drugs. The authors therefore tested the hypothesis that intraoperative remifentanil administration results in acute opioid tolerance that is manifested by increased postoperative pain and opioid requirement. Methods Fifty adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to two anesthetic regimens: (1) desflurane was kept constant at 0.5 minimum alveolar concentrations and a remifentanil infusion was titrated to autonomic responses (remifentanil group); or (2) remifentanil at 0.1 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 and desflurane titrated to autonomic responses (desflurane group). All patients were given a bolus of 0.15 mg/kg morphine 40 min before the end of surgery. Morphine was initially titrated to need by postanesthesia care nurses blinded to group assignment. Subsequently, patients—who were also blinded to group assignment—controlled their own morphine administration. Pain scores and morphine consumption were recorded for 24 postoperative h. Results The mean remifentanil infusion rate was 0.3 ± 0.2 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 in the remifentanil group, which was significantly greater than in the desflurane group. Intraoperative hemodynamic responses were similar in each group. Postoperative pain scores were significantly greater in the remifentanil group. These patients required morphine significantly earlier than those in the desflurane group and needed nearly twice as much morphine in the first 24 postoperative h: 59 mg (25–75% interquartile range, 43–71) versus 32 mg (25–75% interquartile range, 19–59;P < 0.01). Conclusions Relatively large-dose intraoperative remifentanil increased postoperative pain and morphine consumption. These data suggest that remifentanil causes acute opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia.
Effect of Combined Treatment With an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist and an HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor on Atherosclerosis in Genetically Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

The purpose of this study was to examine whether coadministration of olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), an AT1 subtype specific angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), and pravastatin (PRV), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, could enhance the antiatherogenic effect compared with monotherapy. Vehicle, PRV (25 mg/kg), OLM (0.5 mg/kg), and PRV (25 mg/kg) and OLM (0.5 mg/kg) in combination were administered to Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits for 8 months. OLM alone and in combination lowered blood pressure to a similar degree, whereas PRV alone had no effect. PRV alone and in combination lowered blood cholesterol to a similar degree, whereas OLM alone had no effect. The combination of PRV and OLM decreased effectively both surface lesion area and lesional thickness in aortic tissue, producing a greater reduction in aortic cholesterol content than either drug alone. Immunohistological examination of the aorta revealed that PRV reduced macrophage infiltration and lipid deposition and that OLM reduced macrophage infiltration accompanied by reduction in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and Nϵ-(carboxymethyl)lysine protein adduct, an oxidative stress marker. It is concluded that OLM, an ARB, and PRV, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in combination produce a greater antiatherogenic effect than monotherapy via the combination of the different antiatherosclerotic mechanisms of each drug.
Cold Temperature Induces the Reprogramming of Proteolytic Pathways in Yeast*

Despite much evidence of the involvement of the proteasome-ubiquitin signaling system in temperature stress response, the dynamics of the ubiquitylome during cold response has not yet been studied. Here, we have compared quantitative ubiquitylomes from a strain deficient in proteasome substrate recruitment and a reference strain during cold response. We have observed that a large group of proteins showing increased ubiquitylation in the proteasome mutant at low temperature is comprised by reverses suppressor of Ty-phenotype 5 (Rsp5)-regulated plasma membrane proteins. Analysis of internalization and degradation of plasma membrane proteins at low temperature showed that the proteasome becomes determinant for this process, whereas, at 30 °C, the proteasome is dispensable. Moreover, our observations indicate that proteasomes have increased capacity to interact with lysine 63-polyubiquitylated proteins during low temperature in vivo. These unanticipated observations indicate that, during cold response, there is a proteolytic cellular reprogramming in which the proteasome acquires a role in the endocytic-vacuolar pathway.
Effect of safety education on knowledge of and compliance with road safety signs among commercial motorcyclists in Uyo, Southern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE Compliance with road safety signs is important in the reduction of motorcycle accidents. The aim of this study was to implement health education intervention and assess its impact on the knowledge of and compliance with road safety signs among commercial motorcyclists in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. METHOD This was an intervention study among motorcyclists in Uyo, Southern Nigeria, with a control group from a similar town. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Subjects were selected through multistage sampling method. Baseline data on compliance to road safety signs was collected from both groups. Motorcyclists in the intervention group were given education on the importance of compliance to road safety signs. Data was subsequently collected from both groups 3 months post intervention and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11. RESULT A total of 200 respondents participated in the study, 100 from each group. Following intervention, respondents with good knowledge score increased from 21% at baseline to 82% at 3 months post intervention in the intervention group (p<0.05) and from 19% to 21% in the control group. Compliance score in the intervention group increased from 15% to 70% (p<0.05) and from 12% to 18% in the control group. CONCLUSION A significant increase in compliance to road safety signs was recorded among motorcyclists in the intervention group after safety education. All motorcyclists should therefore be given education on road safety signs as this will improve compliance and lead to safer road use among them.
Right ventricle function assessment by MDCT.

OBJECTIVE The right ventricle is often overlooked on chest and even cardiac MDCT studies. This article will review the normal anatomy of the right ventricle on MDCT and the signs of its functional alterations. CONCLUSION MDCT signs of right ventricular dysfunction should be known and checked in relevant cases, such as pulmonary embolism in particular, and in any disease that affects both the structure and function of the lungs in general.
Low recurrence rate of diabetic foot ulcer after nerve decompression.

BACKGROUND This study reevaluates the previously reported subjective benefits of surgical nerve decompression in diabetes with an easily observable, fully objective outcome measure to eliminate the placebo effect and observer bias. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of a series of 75 feet in 65 patients with diabetes and previous neuropathic ulcer who had surgical decompressions of the peroneal and posterior tibial nerve branches at anatomical fibro-osseous tunnels. After a minimum of 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of ipsilateral ulcer was assessed. RESULTS Postoperatively, four ulcer recurrences and four new-site ulcers developed in 187 patient-years. Mean follow-up was 2.49 years (range, 1-13 years). The combined linear annual risk of ipsilateral recurrence and new ulcer is 4.28%, the lowest reported in the scientific literature. CONCLUSIONS Surgical decompression of lower-extremity nerves of high-risk feet at fibro-osseous anatomical tunnels was followed by a low annual incidence of ulcer recurrence. This objective outcome measure suggests benefits of nerve decompression in diabetic neuropathy, as have previous reports using pain and sensory change as subjective measures. Unrecognized nerve entrapment may frequently coexist with diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetic foot ulcer.
Differential contribution of GABAergic and glycinergic components to inhibitory synaptic transmission in lamina II and laminae III–IV of the young rat spinal cord

Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from spinal cord slices of young (10–15 days old) rats, we have characterized and compared the properties of inhibitory synaptic transmission in lamina II and laminae III–IV of the dorsal horn, which are involved in the processing of nociceptive and non‐nociceptive sensory information, respectively. All (100%) of laminae III–IV neurons, but only 55% of lamina II neurons, received both γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glycinergic inputs. The remaining 45% of lamina II neurons received only GABAergic synapses. Neurons receiving only glycinergic synapses were never observed. Among the 55% of lamina II neurons receiving both GABAergic and glycinergic inputs, all displayed a small proportion (∼10%) of mixed miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), indicating the presence of a functional GABA/glycine co‐transmission at a subset of synapses. Such a co‐transmission was never observed in laminae III–IV neurons. The presence of mixed mIPSCs and the differences in decay kinetics of GABAA‐type receptor mIPSCs between lamina II and laminae III–IV were due to the endogenous tonic production of 3α5α‐reduced steroids (3α5α‐RS) in lamina II. Stimulation of the local production of 3α5α‐RS was possible in laminae III–IV after incubation of slices with progesterone, subcutaneous injection of progesterone or induction of a peripheral inflammation. This led to the prolongation of GABAergic mIPSCs, but failed to induce the appearance of mixed mIPSCs in laminae III–IV. Our results indicate that, compared with lamina II, inhibitory synaptic transmission in laminae III–IV is characterized by a dominant role of glycinergic inhibition and the absence of a functional GABA/glycine co‐transmission.
Stock market crashes shocks and real economy in Tunisia

Our paper analyses the effect of stock market crashes shocks on the real economy in Tunisia using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model. On the one hand, the impulse response analysis shows that the real investment growth rate negatively reacts to stock market crashes shocks. On the other hand, the variance decomposition results suggest that the stock market crashes shocks explain a larger proportion of the variability in real investment growth rate. In contrast, the real industrial production growth rate, the real GDP growth rate and the real private consumption growth rate are only a little sensitive to Tunisian stock market crashes shocks.