Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What makes a feline fatal in Toxoplasma gondii's fatal feline attraction? Infected rats choose wild cats.

Toxoplasma gondii is an indirectly transmitted protozoan parasite, of which members of the cat family (Felidae) are the only definitive hosts and small mammals such as rats serve as intermediate hosts. The innate aversion of rodents to cat odor provides an obstacle for the parasite against successful predation by the feline definitive host. Previous research has demonstrated that T. gondii appears to alter a rat's perception of the risk of being preyed upon by cats. Although uninfected rats display normal aversion to cat odor, infected rats show no avoidance and in some cases even show attraction to cat odor, which we originally termed the "Fatal Feline Attraction. " In this study, we tested for the first time whether the "Fatal Feline Attraction" of T. gondii-infected rats differed according to the type of feline odor used, specifically whether it came from domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) or wild cats-cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) or pumas (Felis concolor). In two-choice odor trials, where wild and domestic cat odors were competed against one another, consistent with previous findings we demonstrated that infected rats spent more time in feline odor zones compared with uninfected rats. However, we further demonstrated that all cat odors are not equal: infected rats had a stronger preference for wild cat odor over that of domestic cats, an effect that did not differ significantly according to the type of wild cat odor used (cheetah or puma). We discuss these results in terms of the potential mechanism of action and their implications for the current and evolutionary role of wild, in addition to domestic, cats in transmission of T. gondii.
Advanced dose calculations and imaging in prostate brachytherapy treatment planning

Brachytherapy using low dose rate (LDR) permanent seed implant or high dose rate (HDR) temporary implant is a well established treatment for prostate cancer. This study investigates the use of advanced dose calculation and imaging techniques to improve clinical prostate brachytherapy treatments. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used to assess the impact of source interactions and tissue composition effects that are ignored by the TG-43U1 dose calculation algorithm used in clinical practice. MC simulation results are validated using experimental phantom measurements. The development of prostate cancer may be driven by a dominant intra-prostatic lesion (DIL) but standard brachytherapy treatments prescribe the same dose level to the whole prostate. This study assesses the feasibility of multi-parametric (mp-MRI) guided focal boost treatments that escalate dose to the DIL to improve tumour control and of focal treatments that target the DIL to reduce treatment related side effects. Source interactions and tissue effects are shown to reduce the dose that is delivered to patients in LDR treatments, particularly for patients with calcifications, however the dosimetric impact is small compared to other uncertainties in LDR seed implant brachytherapy. For HDR treatments attenuation by steel catheters has only a small impact on dose distributions. Feasibility of mp-MRI guided focal boost HDR prostate brachytherapy is demonstrated in terms of tumour delineation and the ability to dose escalate the DIL without increased dose to normal tissues. The dosimetric feasibility of LDR and HDR focal therapy treatments is demonstrated. Focal therapy treatments are shown to be more sensitive to source position errors than whole gland treatments. MC simulations of focal therapy treatments show that there are no additional concerns in terms of dosimetric accuracy compared to standard whole gland treatments. Advanced dose calculation and imaging techniques can improve clinical prostate brachytherapy treatments.
End-of-Life Care Obstacles and Facilitators in the Critical Care Units of a Community Hospital

Critical care units are places where aggressive treatment modalities, combined with advanced technological support, are used to care for patients with a goal for cure or restoration. However, the intensive care unit is a common location where patient deaths occur because of the high complexity of these patients' medical conditions. Nurses must often change the focus of their care from a curative to an end-of-life care mode. Improvement of end-of-life care requires the establishment of evidence-based practices. The purpose of this project was to investigate critical care nurses' perceptions of obstacles to and facilitators of end-of-life care. Results of this study demonstrate that nurses perceive physicians' overly optimistic behavior regarding their patients' prognosis, families not understanding the meaning of life support measures, and continuing aggressive treatments on patients who have advance directives, as obstacles. The nurses identified physician agreement on the direction of care and families' acceptance of poor prognosis as facilitators.
Nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of nosocomial infection, distrubition and antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogen organisms in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). Study Design: This prospective study included all neonates hospitalized in NICU for one year period. The nosocomial infection was defined as hemoculture positivity after 72 hours of hospitalization or NOSEP (Nosocomial Sepsis Prediction for Newborns) score ≥11. The antibiotic resistance of identified microorganisms were recorded. Results: In 1 year period, 1094 neonates were hospitalized. Of the 793 neonates, 675 blood cultures and 138 cultures from the other sites were collected. In 50 patients 62 hemoculture positivity were found among total hemocultures collected. Hundred and twenty four patients clinically thought to have nosocomial infection was evaluated for NOSEP criteria. In 26 neonates NOSEP score was found to be ≥11. In 138 cultures collected from the sites other than blood, 46 cultures were positive and 30 of them were accepted as nosocomial infection. According to the study criteria, 56 patients were found to have nosocomial infection. Nosocomial infection, ventilator and catheter associated nosocomial infection incidence were found to be 5.1 infection/1000 days, 1.8/1000 days and 1.6/1000 days respectively. Gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungus were identified in 61.9%, 30.9% and 7.2% of cases respectively. The most common resistance pattern was meticilline resistance (55%) in coagulase negative staphylococci. Conclusions: The most common pathogenic agents and the most common focus of infection were gram positive bacteria and conjunctivitis respectively. The low antibiotic resistance pattern of identified microorganisms was thought to be due to the restricted use of wide spectrum antibiotics in our unit.
Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nosocomial infections in Gaza Strip

A semiconductor die having raised conductive bumps on its surface for connecting to other devices or systems is disposed on a face of a preformed planar structure (interposer) having through holes. Solder joints with conductive bumps on an underlying substrate are formed in the through holes. In one embodiment, the interposer is dissolvable. In another embodiment, the through holes are at least partially filled with a conductive material for electrically connecting to the die. In another embodiment, the through holes are angled so that the interposer acts as a pitch spreader or adapter. In another embodiment, ball bumps are disposed on a side of the interposer away from the die. Various other embodiments are directed to multi-tier flip-chip arrays employing preformed planar structures between tiers.
Scorpion envenomation.

From the School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia (G.K.I.); and the Bawaskar Hospital and Research Centre, Mahad, Dist-Raigad, Maharashtra, India (H.S.B.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Isbister at the Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Edith St., Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia, or at geoff.isbister@gmail.com.
Potential of Missing Life-Threatening Arrhythmias After Limiting the Use of Cardiac Telemetry.

Author Affiliations: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (Smith-Bindman, Moghadassi); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (Smith-Bindman); Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (Griffey); Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Camargo); Department of Emergency Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Cook County Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (Bailitz); Department of Radiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Beland); Department of Radiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Beland); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis (Miglioretti); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington (Miglioretti).
Utilizing temporal variations in chemotherapeutic response to improve breast cancer treatment efficacy

Though survival rates for women with stage I breast cancer have radically improved, treatment options remain poor for the 40% of women diagnosed with later-stage disease. For these patients, improved chemotherapeutic treatment strategies are critical to eradicate any disseminated tumor cells. Despite many promising new drugs in vitro , most ultimately fail in the clinic. One aspect often lost during testing is in vivo circulation half-lives rarely exceed 24 hours, whereas in vitro studies involve drug exposure for 2-3 days. Here, we show how mimicking these exposure times alters efficacy. Next, using this model we show how drug response is highly time-dependent by extending analysis of cell viability out to two weeks. Variations in response both with feeding and time were dependent on drug mechanism of action. Finally, we show that by implementing this temporal knowledge of drug effects to optimize scheduling of drug administration we are able to regain chemosensitivity in a Carboplatin-resistant cell line.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy genetics: Molecular diagnostics and prevention

Epidemiologic studies clearly document the public health burden of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Clinical and experimental studies have uncovered dynamic cardiorespiratory dysfunction, both interictally and at the time of sudden death due to epilepsy. Genetic analyses in humans and in model systems have facilitated our current molecular understanding of SUDEP. Many discoveries have been informed by progress in the field of sudden cardiac death and sudden infant death syndrome. It is becoming apparent that SUDEP genomic complexity parallels that of sudden cardiac death, and that there is a pauci1ty of analytically useful postmortem material. Because many challenges remain, future progress in SUDEP research, molecular diagnostics, and prevention rests in international, collaborative, and transdisciplinary dialogue in human and experimental translational research of sudden death.
Does the Learning Value of Individual Failure Experience Depend on Group Level Success? Insights from a University Technology Transfer Office

This study proposes that individual failure experience in organizations induces useful learning at the individual and group levels because it reveals valuable information and spurs actions. However, the value of individual failure experience depends on the level of group success experience. Specifically, group contemporary success experience and group congenital success experience will enhance the learning value of individual failure experience. Each type of higher level of group success experience provides useful experience pools (library effect), offers contrasts that are crucial for causal inferences (contrast effect), and motivates the focal individuals and the group to learn (motivation effect), albeit through distinct microprocesses. We test our theory with an event history analysis of the first licensing agreements for 778 lead patents granted to a major university technology transfer organization between 1971 and 1999, and find support for our theory. Our study presents an integrated model for organizational learning that involves internal failure and success across levels, and offers a framework for multilevel internal learning from experience. Copyright 2013 The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Patterns of Needlestick and Sharps Injuries Among Training Residents.

Patterns of Needlestick and Sharps Injuries Among Training Residents Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs), a common occupational hazard for health care workers, are serious due to seroconversion risk. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 385 000 needlestick injuries occur annually among US hospital employees.1 Current research on residents is sparse and confl ic t ing. Needlestick and sharps injuries have been reported highest during the first postgraduate year (PGY),2-5 but studies have relied on self-reported data or a small sample of residents in single institutions. Other investigations have not found a pattern of NSIs by PGY level.6-8 This study systematically examined whether NSIs varied by PGY level and described patterns of NSIs among house staff.
Reflexoes em relação à epidemiologia do melanoma cutâneo no Brasil

Background - The epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma in Brazil has not been well studied. Objective - To investigate the epidemiological patterns in view of the fact that Brazil is a country with continental dimensions anda complex ethnic formation. Method - Patients from the public health network and private clinics were compared and then discussed in relation to the Brazilian and international literature. Results - The cases treated by the public health network showed, in general: a significant frequency of non-white patients, together with a high frequency of elderly and acral lentiginous melanoma patients. Conclusions - There was no significant correlation between these results and those from private clinics or the world literature, but they were in accordance with the majority of Brazilian authors. Consequently, it is possible to affirm that the high frequency of acral lentiginous melanoma found in the public health networks (majority of Brazilian population), could characterize the epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma and is probably due to the racial and ethnic differences in Brazil in relation to countries with a predominantly white population. These differences, however, were not found when comparing samples of patients aged under 50. The diversity of the results (according to age group) possibly indicates an epidemiological variation of cutaneous melanoma, considering different social groups in a single geographical location.
De novo GABRA1 mutations in Ohtahara and West syndromes

GABRA1 mutations have been identified in patients with familial juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, sporadic childhood absence epilepsy, and idiopathic familial generalized epilepsy. In addition, de novo GABRA1 mutations were recently reported in a patient with infantile spasms and four patients with Dravet syndrome. Those reports suggest that GABRA1 mutations are associated with infantile epilepsy including early onset epileptic encephalopathies. In this study, we searched for GABRA1 mutations in patients with infantile epilepsy to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of GABRA1 mutations.
Variation in Quality of Urgent Health Care Provided During Commercial Virtual Visits.

IMPORTANCE Commercial virtual visits are an increasingly popular model of health care for the management of common acute illnesses. In commercial virtual visits, patients access a website to be connected synchronously-via videoconference, telephone, or webchat-to a physician with whom they have no prior relationship. To date, whether the care delivered through those websites is similar or quality varies among the sites has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE To assess the variation in the quality of urgent health care among virtual visit companies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This audit study used 67 trained standardized patients who presented to commercial virtual visit companies with the following 6 common acute illnesses: ankle pain, streptococcal pharyngitis, viral pharyngitis, acute rhinosinusitis, low back pain, and recurrent female urinary tract infection. The 8 commercial virtual visit websites with the highest web traffic were selected for audit, for a total of 599 visits. Data were collected from May 1, 2013, to July 30, 2014, and analyzed from July 1, 2014, to September 1, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Completeness of histories and physical examinations, the correct diagnosis (vs an incorrect or no diagnosis), and adherence to guidelines of key management decisions. RESULTS Sixty-seven standardized patients completed 599 commercial virtual visits during the study period. Histories and physical examinations were complete in 417 visits (69.6%; 95% CI, 67.7%-71.6%); diagnoses were correctly named in 458 visits (76.5%; 95% CI, 72.9%-79.9%), and key management decisions were adherent to guidelines in 325 visits (54.3%; 95% CI, 50.2%-58.3%). Rates of guideline-adherent care ranged from 206 visits (34.4%) to 396 visits (66.1%) across the 8 websites. Variation across websites was significantly greater for viral pharyngitis and acute rhinosinusitis (adjusted rates, 12.8% to 82.1%) than for streptococcal pharyngitis and low back pain (adjusted rates, 74.6% to 96.5%) or ankle pain and recurrent urinary tract infection (adjusted rates, 3.4% to 40.4%). No statistically significant variation in guideline adherence by mode of communication (videoconference vs telephone vs webchat) was found. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Significant variation in quality was found among companies providing virtual visits for management of common acute illnesses. More variation was found in performance for some conditions than for others, but no variation by mode of communication.
Agenda setting in the clinical encounter: what is it, and is it measureable?

The term agenda setting has been used variably across the healthcare literature, in particular in writings on doctor-patient communication, medical education, and behaviour change. No attempt has yet been made to integrate these different conceptualisations. This impacts both investigation and teaching of this communication skill. The studies in this thesis aim to clarify a conceptual foundation, and to develop a measure of agenda setting, for use in teaching clinicians. A context of long-term condition management was selected. In these clinical encounters clinician and patient agendas naturally intersect and may disagree, and patient participation is essential to effective management. Phase 1 of this thesis involved a structured literature review, and focus group study with clinicians in primary and secondary care to map components of agenda setting. These were refined through a consensus group study involving patients, clinicians, researchers and educators. An integrated model of agenda setting is proposed that adopts new terminology: agenda mapping involves establishing shared focus, and agenda navigation involves tracking natural shifts in focus throughout an interaction. Agenda mapping includes six core domains: (1) identifying patient talk topics, (2) identifying clinician talk topics, (3) agreeing shared priorities, (4) agreeing focus, (5) collaboration, and (6) engagement. Clarifying these domains established a foundation for measurement. Phase 2 of this thesis addresses measurement of agenda mapping. A review of measures confirmed that no existing measure includes all agenda mapping domains. The Evaluation of AGenda mapping skiL Instrument (EAGL-I) was developed, and tested in a study with third year medical students. EAGL-I scores were shown to represent reliable and valid assessment of agenda mapping. Conditions, under which reliable assessment may occur, are also discussed. Educators and researchers now have a tool for use in teaching agenda mapping to clinicians. Further investigation of agenda mapping in long-term condition management may also now progress. Key words: agenda setting, agenda mapping, healthcare communication, motivational interviewing, focusing, measurement, psychometric, teaching, training, education, long term conditions, behaviour change
Organoids — Preclinical Models of Human Disease

From the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M.L.); and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (J.C.I.B.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Li at 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Bldg. 2, Rm. 4222, Thuwal, 239-55-6900, Saudi Arabia , or at mo . li@ kaust . edu . sa, or to Dr. Izpisua Belmonte at 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, or at belmonte@ salk . edu.
Association of Insufficient Sleep With Respiratory Infection Among Adults in the United States.

Sleep is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of health and well-being. Approximately 50 million to 70 million Americans have either a sleep disorder or habitually insufficient sleep.1 How insufficient sleep ultimately affects disease risk remains unclear. Experimental evidence demonstrates that sleep loss can adversely affect components of the immune system critical to host resistance to infectious illness. Furthermore, short sleep duration and sleep disturbances prospectively predict increased susceptibility to upper respiratory infection after an experimental viral challenge.2,3 Despite this evidence and the common belief that risk of infectious illness increases during periods of insufficient sleep, to our knowledge this has not been investigated at the population level. We examined associations between self-reported measures of sleep and the probability of occurrence of colds and infections, including influenza, pneumonia, and ear infections, in a nationally representative sample of adults.
WONOEP appraisal: Molecular and cellular biomarkers for epilepsy

Peripheral biomarkers have myriad potential uses for treatment, prediction, prognostication, and pharmacovigilance in epilepsy. To date, no single peripheral biomarker has demonstrated proven effectiveness, although multiple candidates are in development. In this review, we discuss the major areas of focus including inflammation, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, redox alterations, metabolism, hormones and growth factors.