Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precision-guided long-acting analgesia by Gel-immobilized bupivacaine-loaded microsphere

Peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) is a conventional strategy for the management of acute postoperative pain. However, the short duration of the associated analgesia and the potential systemic toxicity due to the low molecular weights of local anesthetics limit their application. Methods: An in situ forming injectable Gel-microsphere (Gel-MS) system consisting of PLGA-PEG-PLGA Gel (Gel) and Gel-immobilized bupivacaine-loaded microsphere (MS/BUP) was prepared for precision-guided long-acting analgesia. A series of in vitro characterizations, such as scanning electron microscopy, rheology analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, drug release, and erosion and degradation, were carried out. After that, the in vivo analgesia effect of the Gel-MS system, the immobilization effect of Gel on the MS, and biocompatibility of the system were evaluated using a sciatic nerve block model. Results: The BUP release from the Gel-MS system was regulated by both the inner MS and the outer Gel matrix, demonstrating sustained BUP release in vitro for several days without an initial burst release. More importantly, incorporation of the Gel immobilized the MS and hindered the diffusion of MS from the injection site because of its in situ property, which contributed to a high local drug concentration and prevented systemic side effects. In vivo, a single injection of Gel-MS/BUP allowed rats to maintain sensory and motor blockade significantly longer than treatment with MS/BUP (P < 0.01) or BUP-loaded Gel (Gel-BUP, P < 0.01). Histopathological results demonstrated the excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility of the Gel-MS system without neurotoxicity. Conclusion: This precision-guided long-acting analgesia, which provides an in situ and sustained release of BUP, is a promising strategy for long-acting analgesia, and could represent a potential alternative for clinical pain management.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among a Representative Sample of US Adolescents, 2015

Objectives To provide prevalence estimates of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) based on large, representative, nonclinical samples of high-school students, and to explore gender differences in health risks associated with NSSI. Methods We used 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System data to estimate the prevalence of self-injury and variables potentially associated with self-injury for high-school-age boys (n = 32 150) and girls (n = 32 521) in 11 US states. We used logistic regression analysis to consider associations between NSSI and other health risks. Results Rates of boys reporting purposefully hurting themselves without wanting to die over the past 12 months ranged from 6.4% (Delaware) to 14.8% (Nevada). Rates for girls varied from 17.7% (Delaware) to 30.8% (Idaho). Rates declined with age and varied by race and ethnicity. Depression; suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts; sexual minority status; being electronically bullied; smoking; and substance use were associated with NSSI. There were minor differences in associations between NSSI and health risk variables by gender. Conclusions Nonclinical populations of adolescents are at high risk for self-injury. Nonsuicidal self-injury was higher among girls than among boys, but patterns of association with other health risks were similar.
Trichoderma spp . as Agent of Biological Control in Local Rice Diseases in Tidal Swamp Lands in South Kalimantan , Indonesia

Trichoderma spp. has potential value to uses as biological control agent against Rhizoctonia solani, a potential diseases agent which are able to decrease rice productivity. The study of the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. against Rhizoctonia solani in South Kalimantan is important to increase rice productivity, especially in tidal swamp field. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp isolates from tidal swamp field against Rhizoctonia solani. Result of the study shows that Trichoderma spp. isolates from tidal swamp field was suspected as Trichoderma harzianum. The isolates are able to decrease plant disease intensity caused by Rhizoctonia solani about 7.4 %. Trichoderma isolates contributes to the plant growing which are represented by number of growing tiller per clump and plant height (about 12.2 cm). After application of Trichoderma isolates, the content of Nitrogen, Phosphor, Potassium in soils and soil pH increases. The uses of Trichoderma can be used as one of the methods in plant management and increase rice productivity in South Kalimantan.
Non-fasting lipid profile determination in presumably healthy children: Impact on the assessment of lipid abnormalities

Objective Despite the common use of non-fasting measurements for lipid profile in children it remains unclear as to the extent non-fasting conditions have on laboratory results of lipids measurements. We aimed to assess the impact of non-fasting lipid profile on the occurrence of dyslipidemia in children. Materials and methods Basic lipid profile including: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), as well as small, dense-LDL-C (sd-LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], were measured in 289 presumably healthy children aged 9–11 in both fasting and non-fasting condition. The clinical impact of non-fasting lipid profile was evaluated individually for each child with estimation of false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) results. Results The highest percentage of FP results in non-fasting condition was observed for TG (42.3%) being significantly higher when compared to FN results (p = 0.003). In contrast, the highest percentage of FN results in a non-fasting state were shown for LDL-C (14.3%), but the difference was statistically insignificant when compared to FP results. When comparing fasting and non-fasting lipid profile a number of significant differences was shown for: TG (p<0.001), HDL-C (p = 0.002) LDL-C (p<0.001) and ApoAI (p<0.001), respectively. The occurrence of dyslipidemia, recognized on the basis of non-fasting lipids was significantly higher (p = 0.010) when compared to fasting lipid profile. Conclusions A higher occurrence of dyslipidemia, based on the measurement of non-fasting lipids in children, is suggestive of possible disorders in lipid metabolism. However, accurate identification of dyslipidemia by assessment of non-fasting lipids requires the establishment of appropriate cut-off values for children.
Early Developmental Exposure to General Anesthetic Agents in Primary Neuron Culture Disrupts Synapse Formation via Actions on the mTOR Pathway

Human epidemiologic studies and laboratory investigations in animal models suggest that exposure to general anesthetic agents (GAs) have harmful effects on brain development. The mechanism underlying this putative iatrogenic condition is not clear and there are currently no accepted strategies for prophylaxis or treatment. Recent evidence suggests that anesthetics might cause persistent deficits in synaptogenesis by disrupting key events in neurodevelopment. Using an in vitro model consisting of dissociated primary cultured mouse neurons, we demonstrate abnormal pre- and post-synaptic marker expression after a clinically-relevant isoflurane anesthesia exposure is conducted during neuron development. We find that pharmacologic inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway can reverse the observed changes. Isoflurane exposure increases expression of phospho-S6, a marker of mTOR pathway activity, in a concentration-dependent fashion and this effect occurs throughout neuronal development. The mTOR 1 complex (mTORC1) and the mTOR 2 complex (mTORC2) branches of the pathway are both activated by isoflurane exposure and this is reversible with branch-specific inhibitors. Upregulation of mTOR is also seen with sevoflurane and propofol exposure, suggesting that this mechanism of developmental anesthetic neurotoxicity may occur with all the commonly used GAs in pediatric practice. We conclude that GAs disrupt the development of neurons during development by activating a well-defined neurodevelopmental disease pathway and that this phenotype can be reversed by pharmacologic inhibition.
Candida-Reactive T Cells for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candida Infection—A Prospective Pilot Study

Background: Blood or tissue culture or histology prove invasive Candida infection, but long time to result, limited feasibility and sensitivity call for new approaches. In this pilot project, we describe the diagnostic potential of quantitating Candida-reactive, CD4/CD69/CD154 positive lymphocytes in blood of patients with invasive Candida infection. Methods: We used flow cytometry quantitating Candida-reactive, CD4/CD69/CD154 positive lymphocytes from peripheral blood of patients with invasive Candida infection, from patients at risk and healthy volunteers as controls. Results: Elevated levels of Candida-reactive lymphocytes were measured in 13 patients with proven invasive Candida infection and in one patient with probable hepatosplenic candidiasis. Results of three candidemia patients were uninterpretable due to autofluorescence of samples. Twelve of 13 patients had Candida identified to species level by conventional methods, and T cell reactivity correctly identified Candida species in 10 of 12 patients. Nine hematological high-risk patients and 14 healthy donors had no elevated Candida-reactive T cell counts. Conclusions: This Candida-reactive lymphocyte assay correctly identified the majority of patients with invasive Candida infection and the respective species. Our assay has the potential to support diagnosis of invasive Candida infection to species level and to facilitate tailored treatment even when biopsies are contraindicated or cultures remain negative.
In Silico Docking and In Vitro Approaches towards BACE1 and Cholinesterases Inhibitory Effect of Citrus Flavanones

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, distinctively characterized by senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic loss, finally resulting in neuronal death. β-Site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and cholinesterases have been identified as therapeutic targets for AD, and the discovery of their inhibitors is of critical importance for developing preventive strategies for AD. To discover natural multi-target compounds possessing BACE1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory properties, major citrus flavanones including hesperetin, naringenin, and hesperidin were evaluated. In vitro anti-AD activities were performed via BACE1 and cholinesterases inhibition assays, as well as enzyme kinetic predictions. For the design of potential inhibitors of AD-related enzymes, molecular docking analysis was performed. Based on the biological evaluation, hesperidin demonstrated the best inhibitory properties toward BACE1, AChE, and BChE, with IC50 values of 10.02 ± 1.12, 22.80 ± 2.78, and 48.09 ± 0.74 µM, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that all tested compounds were found to be noncompetitive inhibitors against BACE1 and cholineseterases. In addition, molecular docking studies of these compounds demonstrated negative binding energies for BACE1, AChE, and BChE, indicating high affinity and tight binding capacity for the target enzymes. The present study suggested that the selected citrus flavanones could act together as multiple inhibitors of BACE1, AChE, and BChE, indicating preventive and therapeutic potential against AD.
Wear Resistance of 3D Printing Resin Material Opposing Zirconia and Metal Antagonists

3D printing offers many advantages in dental prosthesis manufacturing. This study evaluated the wear resistance of 3D printing resin material compared with milling and conventional resin materials. Sixty substrate specimens were prepared with three types of resin materials: 3D printed resin, milled resin, and self-cured resin. The 3D printed specimens were printed at a build angle of 0° and 100 μm layer thickness by digital light processing 3D printing. Two kinds of abraders were made of zirconia and CoCr alloy. The specimens were loaded at 5 kg for 30,000 chewing cycles with vertical and horizontal movements under thermocycling condition. The 3D printed resin did not show significant difference in the maximal depth loss or the volume loss of wear compared to the milled and the self-cured resins. No significant difference was revealed depending on the abraders in the maximal depth loss or the volume loss of wear. In SEM views, the 3D printed resin showed cracks and separation of inter-layer bonds when opposing the metal abrader. The results suggest that the 3D printing using resin materials provides adequate wear resistance for dental use.
Engagement of Husbands in a Maternal Nutrition Program Substantially Contributed to Greater Intake of Micronutrient Supplements and Dietary Diversity during Pregnancy: Results of a Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation in Bangladesh

Abstract Background Although husbands may provide support during pregnancy, limited evidence exists on how to promote husbands’ engagement and what impact it has. Alive & Thrive integrated nutrition-focused interventions, targeting both wives and husbands, through an existing Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) platform in Bangladesh. Objectives We evaluated 1) the impact of a nutrition-focused MNCH program, compared with the standard MNCH program, on husbands’ behavioral determinants (i.e., awareness, knowledge, self-efficacy) and support to wives to adopt optimal nutrition practices and 2) how much of the previously documented impact on women's supplement intake and dietary diversity was explained by husbands’ behavioral determinants and support. Methods We used a cluster-randomized design with cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2016) (n = ∼1000 women and ∼700 husbands/survey). We used mixed linear regression accounting for clustering to estimate difference-in-differences (DIDs) for impact on husbands’ behavioral determinants and path analysis to examine how much these determinants explained the impact on women's nutrition behaviors. Results Of husbands in the nutrition-focused MNCH group, 62% were counseled by health workers, 66% attended a husbands’ forum, and 34% saw video shows. The nutrition-focused MNCH, compared with the standard MNCH group, resulted in greater husbands’ awareness (DID: 2.74 of 10 points), knowledge (DID: 1.31), self-efficacy and social norms with regard to optimal nutrition practices (difference: 1.08), and support to their wives (DID: 1.86). Husbands’ behavioral determinants and support explained nearly half of the program impact for maternal supplement intake and one-quarter for dietary diversity. Conclusions A nutrition-focused MNCH program that promoted and facilitated husbands’ engagement during their wives’ pregnancies significantly improved husbands’ awareness, knowledge, self-efficacy, and support. These improvements substantially explained the program's impact on women's intake of micronutrient supplements and dietary diversity. Targeting wives and husbands and designing activities to engage men in maternal nutrition programs are important to maximize impact. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT02745249.
Winter flock coherence in Willow Tits – who decide what and why

Willow Tits Poecile montana ( Parus montanus ) spend the non-breeding season in mixed-age flocks consisting most often of one social dominant adult mated pair that remain in their territory for the whole of their lives, together with two or four subordinate unrelated first-year birds that have settled after a post-natal dispersal. Since the adults expel the subordinates from the safer parts of the trees in term of predation, juveniles forage in more favourable microhabitats after the flocks temporarily have split into age-specific sub-flocks. However, due to the effect of many eyes, each individual may spend less time scanning for predators and more time foraging when being in a big flock rather than in a small one. To find whether adults or juveniles initiate the splitting into agespecific sub-flocks and set the flock coherence, I followed 6-10 different flocks yearly over nine winters. Independent of ambient temperature, adult Willow Tits were the first to leave the flock when foraging in the same tree more often than juveniles, whereas juveniles left the flock more often in mild weather (≥6 °C) than in cold (<6 °C). When the adult left the flock first, juveniles followed the adult more often in cold than in mild weather, more frequently so within 12 hours than later. After being split into adult and juvenile flocks, the juveniles moved towards and accompanied adults, not the other way round. Juveniles apparently applied for adult company and mostly decided the flock size. When one of the adults left the flock first, its mate followed as the second bird more often than any of the other flock members. In mild weather, when adult and juveniles foraged in separate sub-flocks, dominant adults had no influence on the behaviour of the juveniles that foraged mostly in the upper half of pines, an area supposed to be less exposed to predators. When in company with adults and differing in space use, the juveniles used more time for vigilance and less for foraging than adults, but did not differ in foraging and vigilance time without the company of the alpha pair. Although company of dominant adults may be disadvantageous for the subordinate juvenile flock members, juveniles capitalize on the greater experience of the adults and provide more time to foraging due to a greater anti-predation benefit due to vigilance reduction because of the effect of many eyes. However, most important: because the habitat is probably saturated with dominant territory owners, flock membership of juveniles is the main route to territory ownership and probably their only chance to breed at the site the following spring. Juvenile Willow Tits that do not succeed in achieving a flock membership during summer and autumn, may leave the area and take part in long-distance movements, settle in a suboptimal habitat or live as floaters that switch among several flocks, alternatives apparently being fatal.
Survival rates after lobectomy versus sublobar resection for early‐stage right middle lobe non‐small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer in the right middle lobe has a poorer prognosis than tumors located in other lobes. The optimal surgical procedure for early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the right middle lobe has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare survival rates after lobectomy and sublobar resection for early‐stage right middle lobe NSCLC.
[Effect of Astragalus injection on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and expression of connexin in cardiomyopathy rats induced by adriamycin].

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of Astragalus injection on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and connexin protein in cardiomyopathy rats induced by adriamycin. METHODS Thirty-six male Wister rats were randomly divided into control group (n=12), adriamycin(ADR) group (n=12) and Astragalus group (n=12). The normal saline (10 ml/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally in control group rats, ADR (2 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally in ADR group rats, ADR (10 ml/kg body weight) and Astragalus injection (10 ml/kg body weight) were injected intraperitoneally in rats of astragalus group, one time a week, totle 3 times. By the end of the 7th week, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography. Then the rats in the three groups were sacrificed and the left ventricle section was stained by HE, Masson, uranyl acetate/lead citrate respectively, the cardiomyopathy and ultrastructural changes were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The apoptosis of rat cardiomyocyte were analyzed by TUNEL. The expression of connexin Cx43 and p-Cx43 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78),activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were detected by real time PCR. RESULTS Compared with control group, LVEDD, LVESD increased and LVEF decreased, myocardial fibers were disordered and edematous, infiltrated by lymphocytes, the mitochondria were destroyed and vacuolized, and the number of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was increased(P<0.01) in ADR group. The expression of Grp78, ATF-4, CHOP and p-Cx43 were increased, and the expression of Cx43 was decreased in ADR group. However, compared with ADR group, LVEDD, LVESD decreased and LVEF increased, the cardiomyopathy and ultrastructural changes were significantly improved, the number of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was significantly decreased (P<0. 01); the expression of Grp78, ATF-4, CHOP and p-Cx43 decreased (P<0.01); the expression of Cx43 increased in Astragalus group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Astragalus injection may effectively improve the myocardial damage induced by adriamycin, its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the decrease of phosphorylation of CX43 in cardiomyopathy rats induced by adriamycin.
Oil and Unemployment in Germany

Summary In this paper, we analyze oil price impacts on unemployment for Germany. Firstly, we survey theoretical and empirical literature on the oil-unemployment relationship and relate them to the German case. Secondly, we illustrate this issue within the framework of a vector autoregression (VAR) approach for Germany. For this purpose,we use three different specifications in order to adequately address the uncertainty related to the construction of an adequate oil variable. Using monthly data from 1973 to 2008, we show that oil price increases induce a rise in unemployment in the German labor market.Moreover, for a restricted sample period for post-unification Germany, we oppose claims that the oil to macroeconomy relationship has weakened since the 1980s. However, our results suggest that it has become more important to construct adequate measures of oil price variables.
Resolving the taxonomic enigma of the iconic game fish, the hump-backed mahseer from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India

Growing to lengths and weights exceeding 1.5 m and 45 kg, the hump-backed mahseer fish of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, is an iconic, mega-faunal species that is globally recognized as a premier freshwater game fish. Despite reports of their high extinction risk, conservation approaches are currently constrained by their lack of valid taxonomic identity. Using an integrative approach, incorporating morphology, molecular analysis and historical photographs, this fish can now be revealed to be conspecific with Tor remadevii, a species lacking a common name, that was initially, but poorly, described in 2007 from the River Pambar, a tributary of the River Cauvery in Kerala. Currently known to be endemic and restricted to the River Cauvery basin in the Western Ghats, T. remadevii is distinguished from congeners by its prominent hump originating above the pre-opercle and extending to the origin of the dorsal fin, a well-developed mandible resulting in a terminal or slightly superior mouth position, and the dorsal orientation of the eyes. While body colouration varies (silver, bronze, greenish) and is not considered a reliable diagnostic character, orange coloration of the caudal fin (sometimes extending to all fins) is considered a consistent characteristic. Having been first brought to the attention of the scientific community in 1849, and the recreational angling (game fishing) community in 1873, it has taken over 150 years to finally provide this iconic fish with a valid scientific name. This taxonomic clarity should now assist development and delivery of urgent conservation actions commensurate with their extinction risk.