Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personalities in a crowd: What shapes the behaviour of Eurasian perch and other shoaling fishes?

Lately, there has been an increasing interest in intraspecific variation in behaviour, and numerous studies on persona- lity have been performed in a variety of animals, including several fish species. Individuals have been divided into coping style categories or arranged along a behaviour gradient, such as the bold/shy continuum. However, many fish species live in groups, and the social environment can influence the behaviour of an animal in different ways. There may be conflicts within groups due to competition for resources, and dominance hierarchies are commonly found. On the other hand, there are many benefits of con- sensus decision-making within the group. Conformity of behaviour is probably adaptive, due to the benefit of public information on, for example, food resources and predation risk. Accordingly, studies of fish shoals have found evidence of consensus deci- sion-making. Furthermore, factors in the environment, such as predation risk would also influence the behaviour expressed. To be able to understand behaviour patterns in a group of fish, it is necessary to consider the variation of individual characteristics, and how the group, as well as other environmental factors, affects the behaviour of individuals. Here, I will review studies on different aspects of personality within a social context in fish, with a special emphasis on the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis (Current Zo- ology 58 (1): 35-44, 2012).
Exploitation of kairomones and synomones by Medetera spp. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), predators of spruce bark beetles

The semiochemical relationships in a predator-prey-host plant system were studied by a series of multiple-choice field assays. The studied system included predatory flies of the genus Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), the bark beetles Ips typogra- phus and Pityogenes chalcographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as prey and Norwegian spruce (Picea abies) as the host plant. Of the nine species of predators collected, only M. setiventris and M. melancholica provided sufficient data for statistical analysis. The response of the predators to monoterpenic products of the host (alpha-pinene, limonene, camphor), pheromone com- pounds of I. typographus (S-cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol) and a mixture of the pheromones of I. typographus and P. chal- cographus were investigated. Our field trials revealed that tree volatiles plus pheromones of the prey, and a pheromone mixture of both prey species were considerably more attractive to M. setiventris and M. melancholica than the individual chemicals. Medetera seem to respond to the stage of tree decay and the intensity of bark beetle infestation via the ratios of tree volatiles and/or prey pheromones.
Corporate Governance and Firm‐Specific Stock Price Crashes

We investigate whether ownership structure, accounting opacity, board structure & processes and managerial incentives attributes relate to future stock price crash risk. Principal component analysis on the 21 attributes that comprise these four corporate governance dimensions reveals that they can explain between 13.1% and 23.0% of a one standard deviation in crash risk. Transient institutional ownership, CEO stock option incentives and the proportion of directors that hold equity increase crash risk, whilst insiders' ownership, accounting conservatism, board size and the presence of a corporate governance policy mitigate crash risk. Overall these relationships are more pronounced in environments that accentuate agency risk.
Did the CDC guidelines for suicide reports affec t the New York Times

DID THE CDC GUIDELINES FOR SUICIDE REPORTS AFFECT THE NEW YORK TIMES? by Joni K. Marshburn The CDC informed the American media of the best way to avoid contributing to imitative suicides by releasing guidelines for suicide reports in 2001. In this study, suicide reports in the New York Times were examined to establish if these guidelines affected the reporting. To determine if there was any change, all suicide reports from five years before, the year of guideline release, and five years after were extracted from the Times database. To determine compliance, articles were coded using a coding sheet that operationalized the guidelines into 12 yes-or-no questions. The New York Times observed nearly one and a half guidelines more in 2006 than 10 years before, from about 5 to nearly 6.5 observed. Some guidelines were observed differently in 2001, suggesting greater focus on the topic. However, only some of the changes were in line with the guidelines, and none of them lasted five years. Some guidelines, such as those to include intervention resources, conflicted with journalism norms and were never followed. Others, like the one discouraging front page placement, fell in line with the journalism standards of the New York Times and so were always followed. On the whole, the change in 2001 suggests that the guidelines did have an effect, but it was mixed and did not last five years. The increased observance overall suggests that the evolving standards of the New York Times agreed more with the media guidelines over the ten years. DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Jane and Tom Marshburn, for their support throughout this time in graduate school and for the belief in the possibility of final success, despite the obstacles. It is also dedicated to my fiance Ricardo Jamin, for his never-failing comfort and stability during this grueling process. Thanks are due to the members of my committee, Prof. Ulrich and Dr. Martinelli, for their close reading of my thesis and especially to my primary Dr. Tillinghast, for his encouragement and dedication to this project. Great appreciation is also due to Katie Foley, my coder. Her coding and data entry contributions greatly increased the efficiency of this study.
alpha-Labelings and the Structure of Trees with Nonzero alpha-Deficit

We present theoretical and computational results on alpha-labelings of trees. The theorems proved in this paper were inspired by the results of a computer investigation of alpha-labelings of all trees with up to 26 vertices, all trees with maximum degree 3 and up to 36 vertices, all trees with maximum degree 4 and up to 32 vertices and all trees with maximum degree 5 and up to 31 vertices. We generalise a criterion for trees to have nonzero alpha-deficit, and prove an unexpected result on the alpha-deficit of trees with a vertex of large degree compared to the order of the tree.
GEE Estimation of a Two-Equation Panel Data Model: An Analysis of Wage Dynamics and the Incidence of Profit-Sharing in West Germany

We propose a generalized estimating equations approach to the analysis of the mean and the covariance structure of a bivariate time series process of panel data with mixed continuous and discrete dependent variables. The approach is used to jointly analyze wage dynamics and the incidence of profit-sharing in West Germany. Our findings reveal a significantly positive conditional correlation of wages and the incidence of profit-sharing. Furthermore, they indicate that permanent unobserved individual ability is comparatively more important in the profit-sharing than in the wage equation and show that shocks have a long-lasting effect on transitory wages but not on the incidence of profit-sharing. Hence, the results support theoretical predictions that selection into profit-sharing is mostly due to unobservable ability and that profit-sharing ties wages more closely to productivity.
Gambling and religion: Histories of concord and conflict

Abstract This paper discusses the diverse relationships between gambling and religion in various societies and at various times in history and suggests a theoretical model for how these relationships can be understood. It is argued that gambling and religion have certain elements in common: notions of the unknown, mystery, and fate, as well as imagery of suddenly receiving something of great value that changes life for the better. In many traditional cultures gambling has existed in concord with polytheistic and animistic religion; gambling and religion go well together precisely because of the elements they have in common. Monotheistic religions that claim authority in religious and transcendental matters, however, tend to denounce gambling, and this disapproval has been strengthened by a conception that gambling offers a wicked alternative to certain religious notions and experiences. The elements that gambling and religion share have thus become a source of conflict.
Marketing through Instagram influencers: the impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude

ABSTRACT Findings of two experimental studies show that Instagram influencers with high numbers of followers are found more likeable, partly because they are considered more popular. Important, only in limited cases, perceptions of popularity induced by the influencer's number of followers increase the influencer's perceived opinion leadership. However, if the influencer follows very few accounts him-/herself, this can negatively impact popular influencers’ likeability. Also, cooperating with influencers with high numbers of followers might not be the best marketing choice for promoting divergent products, as this decreases the brand's perceived uniqueness and consequently brand attitudes.
BLPs from riverine non-labile DOC

Biologically labile photoproducts from riverine non-labile dissolved organic carbon in the coastal waters V. Kasurinen, H. Aarnos, and A. Vähätalo University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, Finland Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland University of Jyväskylä, Department of Bio and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
Methemoglobin binding to model phospholipid membranes

The interaction of methemoglobin with model phospholipid membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine and its mixtures with phosphatidylserine or diphosphatidylglycerol has been studied. The binding isotherms have been analyzed in terms of two-dimensional lattice models of surface adsorption and incorporation of the protein into the lipid bilayer. The binding parameters including an association constant, binding stoichiometry, enthalpy and entropy contributions to free energy change have been estimated.
Behavioral Intention for Mobile Learning on 3G Mobile Internet Technology in South-West Part of Nigeria

ENGLISH/ANGLAIS] Affiliations: 1 Department of Computer Science, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, IkejiArakeji, NIGERIA 2 Department of Computer Science, Osun-State University, NIGERIA Address for Correspondence/ Adresse pour la Correspondance: fadareoluwaseun@ya hoo.com Accepted/Accepte: September, 2011 Citation: Fadare OG, Babatunde OG, Akomolafe DT, Lawal OO. Behavioral Intention for Mobile Learning on 3G Mobile Internet Technology in SouthWest Part of Nigeria World Journal of Engineering and Pure and Applied Sciences 2011;1(2):19-28. With the evolution and adaptability of 3G telecommunication features on handheld devices, education tends to go out of conventional campus into a feat where teaching and learning could be ubiquity, convenient, location independent and personalized. The rapid growth of mobile users will push educational institutions to adopt mobile learning solution. We propose and verify a theoretical framework of university students’ m-learning acceptance and intention to use, based mainly on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A sample of 458 university students took part in this research. The structural equation modeling techniques are employed to explain the adoption processes of hypothesized research model. A theoretical general framework TAMM is developed based on TAM. Our result proved that psychometric constructs of TAM can be extended and that TAMM is well suited, and of good theoretical tool in understanding users’ acceptance of mobile learning in south west part of Nigeria. Mobile learning self-efficacy is the most importance construct influencing behavioral intention to use m-learning with path co-efficient of 0.77 and t-value of 1.76* at p < 0.05 which is significant. Self efficacy is able to explain the highest percent of the variance (70) observed in behavioral intention to use m-learning in south-west part of Nigeria.
Creation of Knowledge and Reverse Logistics. Empirical Analysis from Perspective of the Resource Based View Theory

Reverse logistics activities require the ability to generate new knowledge to reduce high uncertainty and to solve problems resulting of these activities. In this sense the purpose of this research is to understand how the modes of knowledge conversion (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995) affect reverse logistics and examine the joint influence of these variables on the flexibility of distribution of information (because information has a key role for these variables) and performance of the organization. Our results provide empirical evidence confirming 1) the more necessary is the knowledge creation processes in the organization the greater are the importance and the ability to anticipation of reverse logistics systems for the organization, 2) also we found the importance of reverse logistics enhances the effects of flexibility of distribution of information and reinforces the belief that it is a fundamental capacity that increases the value of the company's products obtained by reverse logistics processes, 3) the findings have provided empirical evidence of the existence of positive relationship between reverse logistics, flexibility and business performance. In short, the results have shown the importance for the organization of knowledge management systems and reverse logistics systems that give your company a greater ability to anticipate and flexibly to the increasing changes taking place in a competitive environment of high uncertainty. A number of implications and contributions stem from the discussion and conclusions of the study. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 24.5. 2689
Setting a Climate for Creativity In Sourcing Teams: A Measurement Scale for Team Creativity Climate

Creative sourcing strategies, designed to extract more value from the supply base, have become a competitive, strategic differentiator. To fuel creativity, companies install sourcing teams that can capitalize on the specialized knowledge and expertise of their employees across the company. This article introduces the concept of a team creativity climate (TCC) team members’ shared perceptions of their joint policies, procedures, and practices with respect to creatively develop sourcing strategies – as a means to addresses the unique challenges associated with a collective, cross-functional approach to develop value-enhancing sourcing strategies. Using a systematic scale development process that validates the proposed concept, the authors confirm its ability to predict sourcing team performance, and suggest some research avenues extending from this concept.
Does Service-Learning Increase Student Learning?: A Meta-Analysis.

Research studies reflect mixed results on whether or not service-learning increases student learning outcomes. The current study seeks to reconcile these findings by extending a meta-analysis conducted by Novak, Markey, and Allen (2007) in which these authors examined service-learning and student learning outcomes. In the current study, 11 research studies satisfying particular criteria were included. Results suggest that service-learning does in fact increase student learning (d = .332). Results from moderator analyses suggest that service-learning has a positive influence on student learning outcomes irrespective of the way learning was measured. Experiential learning methods, including servicelearning, are increasing among universities across the United States. Many disciplines share in this enthusiasm, with an increase in academic courses across disciplines, including communication, using the service-learning pedagogy (Oster-Aaland, Sellnow, Nelson, & Pearson, 2004; Sellnow & Oster, 1997). By definition, service-learning is a pedagogical strategy in which students engage in community service that will enhance their understanding of course concepts and enable them to make contributions to their communities (Rhodes & Davis, 2001). Furthermore, Eyler and Giles (1999) suggest that the service-learning experience needs to satisfy four criteria to be considered successful: (1) personal and interpersonal development, (2) understanding and applying knowledge learned in class, (3) perspective transformation, and (4) developed sense of citizenship.
Istanbul Stock Market’s Reaction To Terrorist Attacks

Terorist saldirilarin sermaye piyasalarini da kapsayan bircok sektor ve faaliyet uzerinde olumsuz etki yaratabilecek cesitli ekonomik yansimasi olabilmektedir. Bu makale, uc ana terorist saldirinin onemli yukselen uluslararasi borsalardan biri olan Istanbul Borsasi uzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Hem genel endeksin hem de sektorel endekslerin verdigi tepkiler arastirilmaktadir. Burada sunulan sonuclara gore bazi durumlarda anlamli tepkiler verilmis olsa da bu tepkiler kisa sureli olmus ve endeks cabuk toparlanmistir. Sektorel endekslerden en olumsuz etkilenen turizm sektoru olmustur.
Study on the impact of sudden stratosphere warming in the upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere regions using satellite and HF radar measurements

Abstract. The occurrence of a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) excites disturbances in the mesosphere-lower thermospheric (MLT) wind and temperature. Here, we have examined the high frequency (HF) radar wind data from the South African National Antarctic Expedition, SANAE (72° S, 3° W), a radar which is part of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on board the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite temperature data and National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) temperature and wind data are used to investigate the dynamical effects of the unprecedented September 2002 SSW in the Antarctica stratosphere and MLT. The mean zonal wind (from SANAE HF radar) at the MLT shows reversal approximately 7 days before the reversal at 10 hPa (from NCEP). This indicates that there was a downwards propagation of circulation disturbance. Westerly zonal winds dominate the winter MLT, but during the 2002 winter there are many periods of westward winds observed compared to other years. The normalised power spectrums of both meridional and zonal winds show presence of planetary waves (of ~14-day period) before the occurrence of the SSW. The SABER vertical temperature profiles indicated the cooling of the MLT region before the SSW event.
Assessment of Cardiac Geometry and Stroke Volumes by 4D Fetal Echocardiography

Accurate and reliable methods to assess fetal cardiac function would be useful in evaluating fetuses with cardiac disease (structural or otherwise). Traditionally, two-dimensional echocardiography has been used to estimate fetal ventricular volume, and assess cardiac function. However, the unique and complex geometry of the fetal ventricles makes analysis of cardiac function using this modality a challenge, and hence, the interest in using three- and four-dimensional ultrasound. Although theoretically appealing, three-dimensional echocardiography had to overcome several difficulties, including: gating, suboptimal image quality, and lack of real-time observation. Four-dimensional fetal echocardiography is a method to assess ventricular volume and cardiac function, and can overcome many of the pitfalls of conventional methods. Thus, this modality offers an important method for the assessment of fetal cardiac function.
Arginine as a Significant Regulator of Supersaturation in Calcium Oxalate Lithiasis: the Physiological Evidence

Background: At present, the possible effect of arginine as a natural regulator of calcium oxalate (CaOX) supersaturation and crystallization in human urine has been analyzed. Methods: Two types of experiments have been discussed: clinical laboratory analysis on the urine excretion of arginine (Arg) in patients with CaOX lithiasis and detailed measurements of the kinetics of the dissolution of CaOX calculi in artificial urine, containing various concentrations of Arg. Results: A detailed analysis showed that 80% of stone formers (SFs) eliminated pathological values: 30% of patients had lower plasma levels compared to controls and about 50% of SFs showed higher concentration. Urine concentrations in these two groups were not reported. Conclusions: The in vitro analytical measurements demonstrate even a possibility to dissolve CaOX stones in human urine, in which increased concentration of Arg has been established. Discussions have arisen to use increased concentration of Arg in urine both as a solubilizator of CaOX stones in humans and on the purpose of a prolonged metaphylactic treatment. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(1):173-177 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/wjnu199w
On making choices: some thoughts on an ethnographic film screening

See note 1 of the article: "This paper was written by four authors as a multi-vocal collaborative exercise that resulted from our experience as members of the jury of the ethnographic film screening that the Portuguese Anthropological Association (APA) organised in 2016. However, given the conference regulations, which establishes a maximum of three authors per paper, we have collectively decided to provide one name - that of the corresponding author. The de facto authors of this paper are: Humberto Martins (humbmsm@yahoo.com, UTAD/CETRAD), Ricardo Seica Salgado (ricardoseica@gmail.com, CRIA-UMinho), Raquel Schefer (raquelschefer@gmail.com, Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3) and Sofia Sampaio. We hope that, in the near future, the conference organisation may find a way to fully acknowledge this kind of collaborative work. "
Influence of Customer Relationship Marketing and Satisfaction of Customer Loyalty (Case Study: In Bank CIMB Niaga Lembong in Bandung)

The purpose of this study was to examine the theoretical basis in an effort to build the competitiveness of the banking services industry, particularly in terms of customer satisfaction and loyalty. This type of research uses explanatory research. The sampling method used a non-probability sampling, used purposive sampling technique that has become a customer for two years, used questionnaires to 100 respondents in Bandung bank customers. Measurement validity uses confirmatory factor analysis, while test reliability is calculated by Cronbach Alpha method. Analysis to test the hypothesis uses the path analysis. The findings illustrate a clear pattern of the dimensions of customer relationship marketing, satisfaction effect built, and several important findings including empirical verification mediating role overall customer satisfaction in the formation of loyalty attributes.
Doping in elite sport - do the fans care? Public opinion on the consequences of doping scandals

There are indications that commercial stakeholders are reluctant to associate with sports involved in doping scandals. A survey of 925 Norwegian sports consumers supports this reluctance, showing no tolerance for pure doping substances. The majority were in favour of tough responses to athletes and sports involved in doping. Older respondents were more negative towards doping. Those who were strongly interested in sport were more willing than others to accept doping.