Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic and geomorphic processes in an overbank flood along a meandering, gravel‐bed river: implications for chute formation

Hydraulic interactions between rivers and floodplains produce off‐channel chutes, the presence of which influences the routing of water and sediment and thus the planform evolution of meandering rivers. Detailed studies of the hydrologic exchanges between channels and floodplains are usually conducted in laboratory facilities, and studies documenting chute development are generally limited to qualitative observations. In this study, we use a reconstructed, gravel‐bedded, meandering river as a field laboratory for studying these mechanisms at a realistic scale. Using an integrated field and modeling approach, we quantified the flow exchanges between the river channel and its floodplain during an overbank flood, and identified locations where flow had the capacity to erode floodplain chutes. Hydraulic measurements and modeling indicated high rates of flow exchange between the channel and floodplain, with flow rapidly decelerating as water was decanted from the channel onto the floodplain due to the frictional drag provided by substrate and vegetation. Peak shear stresses were greatest downstream of the maxima in bend curvature, along the concave bank, where terrestrial LiDAR scans indicate initial floodplain chute formation. A second chute has developed across the convex bank of a meander bend, in a location where sediment accretion, point bar development and plant colonization have created divergent flow paths between the main channel and floodplain. In both cases, the off‐channel chutes are evolving slowly during infrequent floods due to the coarse nature of the floodplain, though rapid chute formation would be more likely in finer‐grained floodplains. The controls on chute formation at these locations include the flood magnitude, river curvature, floodplain gradient, erodibility of the floodplain sediment, and the flow resistance provided by riparian vegetation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Unintended Effects of Bottom-Up Accountability: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Peru

Past research suggests that increasing citizen political knowledge and coordination can improve government performance via “bottom-up accountability,” where mobilized local communities exert pressure on elected officials through democratic processes. A randomized field experiment in Peru demonstrates that interventions to promote bottom-up accountability can sometimes have unintended effects on government performance, among other outcomes. I find that accountability workshops reduce participation in the district’s “participatory budgeting” process and increase support for civil unrest as a tool for sanctioning politicians. Although the intervention increases the initiation of recalls for poor-performing mayors, these mayors respond to the recall threat by further reducing their effort. Taken together the evidence suggests that improved information and coordination of local elites is not sufficient to improve government performance where it has previously lagged and can in fact be counterproductive. ∗Postdoctoral Fellow, Niehaus Center, Princeton University; email: rsexton@princeton.edu. The intervention was designed and implemented in collaboration with Innovations for Poverty Action (Lima) and the Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado (CIPCA), a member of the Propuesta Ciudadana network. I thank Maria Luisa Zeta, Gonzalo Manrique and Juan Manuel Hernandez-Agramonte of IPA for their research assistance, as well as Epifanio Baca and Gustavo Avila of Propuesta Ciudadana, and gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research from the Governance Initiative of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at MIT. Thanks for helpful comments from Matthew Bird, Graeme Blair, Darin Christensen, Mike Findley, Mike Gilligan, Kosuke Imai, Livio di Lonardo, Mai Nguyen, Tom Pepinsky, Cyrus Samii, Jake Shapiro, and seminar participants at APSA, PELA and Polmeth. This research comes under IPA IRB Protocol no. 13696.
Investigating Potential Wetland Development in Aging Kansas Reservoirs

iii Acknowledgments . v Dedication . vi List of Figures . ix List of Tables . xi List of Appendices . xiii Chapter 1: General Introduction . 14 Chapter 2: Identifying potential wetland development areas around managed reservoirs using LiDAR . 20 Introduction . 20 Methods and Materials . 23 Study area . 23 Hydrological analysis . 25 LiDAR and bathymetry analysis . 27 Potential wetland development areas . 28 Results and Discussion . 30 Water level fluctuations . 30 National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) . 34 Potential wetland development areas based on LiDAR . 39 Summary and Conclusion . 41 Chapter 3: Characterizing potential developing palustrine wetlands within Reservoirs Using Water, Sediment, and Vegetation Data . 43
The channel intersection problem in the building block style layout

A new routing region definition and ordering algorithm are presented for building block layout consisting of rectangular blocks. In contrast to other works, this algorithm enables a router to deal with the channel intersections efficiently, while permitting the expansion of any region when being routed. Before this algorithm is run, it is assumed that proper routing space has been assigned between the circuit blocks, so that the expansion of a region does not greatly affect the general structure. The algorithm starts from the classic set of channels. Each channel is then decomposed into several rectangular regions. If N is the number of channels, there will be around 2N regions at the end of the process. A constraint graph defines the order in which the regions should be routed. Routing results are given to illustrate the efficiency of this new scheme. <<ETX>>
The fast climate fluctuations during the stadial and interstadial climate states

Abstract Rapid climate changes during the last glacial period were first observed in ice-core records (Dansgaard and others, 1982). These shifts between interstadials, called Dansgaard–Oeschger (D-O) events, and stadials or deep glaciation were later seen in Atlantic sediment records (Bond and others, 1993), pointing to the ocean circulation as a strong component in the dynamics of these shifts (Wright and Stocker, 1991). the interstadial states are observed to have a characteristic ``sawtooth’’ shape, indicating a gradual drift of the stable interstadial state toward the stable stadial state. In order to contrast the two climate states, we have separated the δ18O signal from the Greenland Icecore Project ice core into periods corresponding to the two states. the climate variability in the two different climatic states is different (Johnsen and others, 1997). We find that the standard deviation is significantly larger in the stadial than in the interstadial state. Both states are found to have a larger standard deviation than the Holocene part of the record. the correlation times in the different states are difficult to obtain because of limited data resolution and diffusion of the isotopic signal. However, using a statistical technique, we have estimated the correlation times. We do not find significant differences in the correlation times, which are of the order of months, in the different climatic states. These findings are interpreted in the context of a simple linear stochastic model which provides information about the relative roles of the climatic forcing and the stability of the climate state governing the climate variability.
Effect of diets containing different levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids on physiological and immune responses in Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) exposed to handling stress

Juveniles fed a diet containing a low or a high level of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) for 38 days were exposed to handling stress. In a first experiment, stress was applied daily for 30 days, after which the physiological and immunological variables were measured, whereas in a second experiment, stress was applied once and samples were obtained 1 and 24 h after the stressor event. Shrimp that were stressed for 30 days showed significantly lower survival, final weight and feed consumption compared with unstressed shrimp. The concentration of the high-density lipoprotein beta-glucan-binding protein was significantly higher in shrimp fed the high-HUFA diet. The glucose concentration in the haemolymph was significantly higher in long-term stressed shrimp compared to controls. The lactate level in the haemolymph was significantly lower in shrimp fed the high-HUFA diet. Lactate and glucose in the haemolymph increased in the 1-h stressed shrimp, but returned to normal levels in 24-h stressed shrimp. A negative effect of repeated-handling stress applied for 30 days was mainly observed on biological performance, whereas the single-stressor event had a more pronounced effect on shrimp physiological and immune responses measured 1 and 24 h after the stressor. A beneficial role of enrichment with HUFA on tolerance to handling stress was observed on immune response capacity.
Examining of issues on flood disaster management in Malaysia

Flooding in Malaysia has made various impacts to the victims in terms of damage to property and loss of life. Besides that, the victims also suffer after flood disaster occur. Because of that, the purpose of this paper is to describe the issues and problem of disaster relief management provided by government to the victims in Malaysia for phases during and post-disaster caused by flooding. Presently, the disaster management in Malaysia including flood almost based on top-down approach that was predominantly an official strategy from Directive No. 20 by National Security Council (MKN) of Malaysia. These instructions outline has set the role and responsibilities of the agencies involved and also covers the action of monitoring the activities in disaster management. Therefore, this paper presents findings from the literature review by previous research in this topic. The result show that, in Malaysia, a study concerning the evaluation of the effectiveness policy implementation at levels during and post-disaster that affect the flood victims were poorly implemented. Further to that, this paper will attempt to describe the issues of disaster relief management for phases during and post-disaster that has been criticized by previous researchers. Keywords: Disaster Management, Flood Relief, Flood Victim JEL Classifications: H530, I38, I380
Potential Growth, Misallocation, and Institutional Obstacles: Firm-Level Evidence

One of the key determinants of potential growth are productivity gains. Total factor productivity (TFP)differences are the main determinant of per capita income differences between countries. A key factor to understand TFP is misallocation: the aggregate productivity loss from microeconomic distortions that prevent factors of production from being allocated to their optimal use. If misallocation is a key determinant of TFP differences, then reallocation of factors of production is a key driver of productivity gains. Since distortions preventing misallocation can be driven by institutional obstacles, then policies focused on the removal of these obstacles will affect potential growth. In this paper, we use a firm-level database for 62 developing countries to analyze which are the most important institutional obstacles driving misallocation. Our results highlight the importance of trade regulations, the functioning of courts, and access to finance as key determinants of misallocation within countries. Political instability, labor regulations, and access to infrastructure, appear as relevant obstacles explaining misallocation between countries.
Multiwavelength Carbon Recombination Line Observations with the Very Large Array toward an Ultracompact H II Region in W48: Physical Properties and Kinematics of Neutral Material

Using the Very Large Array (VLA) the C76α and C53α recombination lines (RLs) have been detected toward the ultracompact H II region (UC H II region) G35.20-1.74. We also obtained upper limits to the carbon RLs at 6 cm (C110α and C111α) and 3.6 cm (C92α) wavelengths with the VLA. In addition, continuum images of the W48A complex (which includes G35.20-1.74) are made with angular resolutions in the range 14''-2''. Modeling the multiwavelength line and continuum data has provided the physical properties of the UC H II region and the photodissociation region (PDR) responsible for the carbon RL emission. The gas pressure in the PDR, estimated using the derived physical properties, is at least 4 times larger than that in the UC H II region. The dominance of stimulated emission of carbon RLs near 2 cm, as implied by our models, is used to study the relative motion of the PDR with respect to the molecular cloud and ionized gas. Our results from the kinematical study are consistent with a pressure-confined UC H II region with the ionizing star moving with respect to the molecular cloud. However, based on the existing data, other models to explain the extended lifetime and morphology of UC H II regions cannot be ruled out.
Materials from renewable resources based on furan monomers and furan chemistry: work in progress

The polymerisation of furan monomers and the exploitation of some of the chemical peculiarities of the furan heterocycle have generated a wide diversity of macromolecular materials based on renewable resources. We present here recent contributions to this field, including ongoing studies on the synthesis and characterisation of novel furan polyesters and on the application of the Diels–Alder reaction to the preparation of linear and branched thermally reversible polyadducts.
Hybrid quantization of an inflationary model: The flat case

We present a complete quantization of an approximately homogeneous and isotropic universe with small scalar perturbations. We consider the case in which the matter content is a minimally coupled scalar field and the spatial sections are flat and compact, with the topology of a three-torus. The quantization is carried out along the lines that were put forward by the authors in a previous work for spherical topology. The action of the system is truncated at second order in perturbations. The local gauge freedom is fixed at the classical level, although different gauges are discussed and shown to lead to equivalent conclusions. Moreover, descriptions in terms of gauge-invariant quantities are considered. The reduced system is proven to admit a symplectic structure, and its dynamical evolution is dictated by a Hamiltonian constraint. Then, the background geometry is polymerically quantized, while a Fock representation is adopted for the inhomogeneities. The latter is selected by uniqueness criteria adapted from quantum field theory in curved spacetimes, which determine a specific scaling of the perturbations. In our hybrid quantization, we promote the Hamiltonian constraint to an operator on the kinematical Hilbert space. If the zero mode of the scalar field is interpreted as a relational time, a suitable ansatz for the dependence of the physical states on the polymeric degrees of freedom leads to a quantum wave equation for the evolution of the perturbations. Alternatively, the solutions to the quantum constraint can be characterized by their initial data on the minimum-volume section of each superselection sector. The physical implications of this model will be addressed in a future work, in order to check whether they are compatible with observations.
To Do or Not To Do Business with a Country: A Robust Classification Approach

In the face of global uncertainty and a growing reliance on third party indices to gain a snapshot of a country's operations, accurate decision making makes or breaks relationships in global trade. Under this aegis, we question the validity of traditional logistic regression using the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in classifying countries for doing business. This paper proposes that a weighted version of the Bianco and Yohai (BY) es- timator is a superlative and robust (outlier resistant) tool in the hands of practitioners to gauge the correct antecedents of a country's internal envi- ronment and decide whether to do or not do business with that country. In addition, this robust process is eective in dierentiating between \problem" countries and \safe" countries for doing business. An existing \R" program for the BY estimation technique by Croux and Haesbroeck has been modied to t our cause.
A Hypergeometric Integral with Applications to the Fundamental Solution of Laplace's Equation on Hyperspheres

We consider Poisson's equation on the n-dimensional sphere in the situation where the inhomogeneous term has zero integral. Using a number of classical and modern hypergeometric identities, we integrate this equation to produce the form of the fundamental solutions for any number of dimensions in terms of generalised hypergeometric functions, with different closed forms for even and odd-dimensional cases.
Microanalytic coding versus global rating of maternal parenting behaviour

This study examined the relationship between microanalytic coding and global rating systems when coding maternal parenting behaviour in two contexts. Observational data from 55 mother–child interactions with two- to four-year-old children, in either a mealtime (clinic; N = 20 or control; N = 20) or a playtime context (community; N = 15), were coded via both microanalytic and global systems. Results from the microanalytic coding and global rating demonstrated similar results, with both scales showing adequate psychometric properties. No difference was found in the sensitivity of the two systems in the control sample; however, the global method demonstrated more sensitivity in measuring behaviour in the playtime context. This finding may indicate that global ratings are more sensitive in a population with high base rates of positivity or in a playtime context. This study highlights the incongruence of different measurement methods and emphasises the importance of considering coding methodology for different types of populations.
Effects of nitrogen split-application on productivity, nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefits of maize production in Ethiopia

*Corresponding author Email: tilahuntade@yahoo.com Tel: +251913346060 The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum nitrogen fertilizer split application time and proportion for the intermediate and late maturing maize varieties. One intermediate (BH-540) and late (BH-660) maturing varieties and 10 N application times were evaluated in split-plot design with three replications at Adet Research station, in northwestern Ethiopia. Varieties were randomized in the main plots and time of fertilizer application in the sub-plots. The N application times were 1/2 at planting+ 1/2 at knee height, all at planting, 1/2 at planting + 1/2 at near tasseling, 1/3 at planting + 1/3 at k + 1/3 tasseling, 1/3 at planting + 2/3 at knee height, 1/3 at planting + 2/3 at tasseling, 1/4 at planting + 2/4 at knee height + 1/4 at tasseling, 1/4 at planting + 1/4 at knee height + 2/4 at tasseling, 1/4 at planting + 3/4 at knee height, and 1/4 at planting +3/4 at tasseling. A total of 128 kg N/ha was applied in all cases. In the intermediate maturing variety (BH-540), application of 1/3 N at planting and 2/3 at knee height significantly (p<0.05) out-yielded the other split-applications. The application method gave a yield advantage of 1005 kg/ha over the commonly practiced 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at knee height application. Concerning the late maturing variety (BH-660), application of 1/4 N at planting and 3/4 at knee height gave a yield advantage of 296 kg/ha over 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at knee height application. The best yielding splitapplications and timings exhibited the highest agronomic Nutrient Use Efficiencies (NUE) for the respective varieties.
Multidisciplinary program for obesity treatment: Summary of results with adolescents

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention program on the factors: stage of behavior change (SBC), physical self-description (PSD), blood pressure (BP) and physical fitness in obese adolescents. The study was characterized as quasi-experimental type, with 33 adolescents who were evaluated before and after 16 weeks of intervention. The anthropometric and fitness variables, BP were assessed, and we also applied the Stage of Change instrument and PSDQ (Physical Self- Description Questionnaire), in order to measure the SBC and the PSD, respectively. The statistical analysis involved measures of central tendency and dispersion, and the comparison between the initial and final periods was performed by Student's t-test. The comparison between the periods before and after- intervention presented significant differences (p < 0.05) for almost all variables, except for the hip circumference, waist to hip ratio and pull-ups in the adapted bar. The program promoted effective changes in the fat consumption, and habitual physical activity and PSD of habitual physical activity, body fat and appearance. The results are quite promising and evidence the needto expand programs like this, in order to lead to the behavioral change. In this way, the physical education professional has a decisive role on this process.
Origin of skyrmion lattice phase splitting in Zn-substitutedCu2OSeO3

We present an investigation into the structural and magnetic properties of Zn-substituted Cu2OSeO3, a system in which the skyrmion lattice (SkL) phase in the magnetic field temperature phase diagram was previously seen to split as a function of increasing Zn concentration. We find that splitting of the SkL is only observed in polycrystalline samples and reflects the occurrence of several coexisting phases with different Zn content, each distinguished by different magnetic behavior. No such multiphase behavior is observed in single-crystal samples.
Effect of Combining Ultrasound and Mild Heat Treatment on Physicochemical, Nutritional Quality and Microbiological Properties of Pineapple Juice

Increasing consumer awareness regarding the health benefits of different nutrients in food has led to the requirement of assessing the effect of food processing approaches on the quality attributes. The present work focuses on understanding the effects of ultrasound (US) processing, mild heat pasteurization (65°C for 15 min), thermal pasteurization (80°C for 15 min) and their combination on physicochemical, microbiological properties and nutritional quality of pineapple juice through 60 days of storage at room temperature. Ultrasound treatment showed significantly lower browning degree. Ultrasound followed by ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization (UMP) treatments was effective in retaining the total phenolic content of pineapple juice as compared to the thermal treatment or the untreated juice sample at room temperature during 60 days of storage. Thermal pasteurization (TP) followed by ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization (UMP) and ultrasound (US) treatment, in increasing order, was found to be effective in delaying microbial growth in pineapple juice. This study demonstrates that ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization treatments could be able to effectively inactivate the microorganisms and pectin methylesterase in pineapple juice whilst preserving relatively high amount of phenols.