Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of specific resistance training on overarm throwing performance.

PURPOSE The main purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a specific resistance training program (throwing movement with a pulley device) with the effect of regular training (throwing with regular balls) on overarm throwing velocity under various conditions. METHODS The training forms were matched for total training load, ie, impulse generated on the ball or pulley device. Both training groups (resistance training n = 7 and regular training n = 6) consisted of women team handball players, and trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks, according to an assigned training program alongside their normal handball training. RESULTS An increase in throwing velocity with normal balls after the training period was observed for both groups (P = .014), as well as throwing with heavier balls and throwing like actions in the pulley device. Although the regular training group seemed to improve more (6.1%) in throwing velocity with normal balls than the resistance training group (1.4%), this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that resistance training does not surpass standard throwing training in improvement of overarm throwing velocity.
Executive Options Plans and Firm Performance - Bigger Isn't Better

Executive options represent a phenomenon of particular economic significance. Just as their use has ballooned over the past decade, so too has the literature concerning their nature, cost and impact. However, despite the growth in the volume of literature devoted to the topic of executive options, there appears to be little agreement as to the performance impact brought about in consequence of the decision by firms to introduce executive options into their remuneration mixes. This paper contributes to the literature by providing evidence relating to the impact of options plans on firm financial performance. In particular, evidence is presented which suggests that option plan size (as measured by the portion of outstanding equity capital covered by options grants) and options holding concentration (the degree to which options granted under a plan are concentrated into the hands of the firm's most senior managers) have a significant impact on the manner in which executive options plans impact on firm financial performance.
System Size, Lock-in and Network Effects for Patient Records

We examine empirically whether the size of a firm using a network affects the scope of its network usage, and consequently network effects and lock-in within the network. We use the example of hospital information exchange. We find that hospitals in larger hospital systems are more likely to exchange electronic patient information only within their system and less likely to exchange patient information externally. We show that hospitals are also more likely to exchange information externally if others hospitals also do so. This implies that the disinclination of large hospital systems to exchange data externally harms overall levels of network use. Our results highlight that makers of technology policy designed to encourage the optimal use of networks should consider regulating the behavior of network users as well as technology vendors.
Facial Action Units Detection with Multi-Features and -AUs Fusion

In this paper, we present our methods for the facial AU occurrence subtask in the FG 2017 Facial Expression Recognition and Analysis challenge (FERA 2017). The task is to detect 10 AUs that occur frequently in the BP4D database. In our approach, we utilized the hand-crafted features (LBPTOP) and learned features (CNN features) which encode the temporal dynamics and static facial appearance respectively. Multiple classifiers including SVM and Random Forest are used to recognize the AU occurrence. Among all different features, the learned CNN features are the most discriminative feature for the task. And the combinations of the multiple features are beneficial. To capture the relationships among AUs, we also apply multi-AUs late fusion, which further boost the performance. Our system achieves an average macro F1 of 49.8% and an average accuracy of 69.4% in the testing set which outperforms the baseline (macro F1 45.2% and average accuracy 56.1%).
OH Radicals from the Indirect Actions of X-Rays Induce Cell Lethality and Mediate the Majority of the Oxygen Enhancement Effect

We examined OH radical-mediated indirect actions from X irradiation on cell killing in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cell lines (CHO and AA8) under oxic and hypoxic conditions, and compared the contribution of direct and indirect actions under both conditions. The contribution of indirect action on cell killing can be estimated from the maximum degree of protection by dimethylsulfoxide, which suppresses indirect action by quenching OH radicals without affecting the direct action of X rays on cell killing. The contributions of indirect action on cell killing of CHO cells were 76% and 50% under oxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively, and those for AA8 cells were 85% and 47%, respectively. Therefore, the indirect action on cell killing was enhanced by oxygen during X irradiation in both cell lines tested. Oxygen enhancement ratios (OERs) at the 10% survival level (D10 or LD90) for CHO and AA8 cells were 2.68 ± 0.15 and 2.76 ± 0.08, respectively. OERs were evaluated separately for indirect and direct actions, which gave the values of 3.75 and 2.01 for CHO, and 4.11 and 1.32 for AA8 cells, respectively. Thus the generally accepted OER value of ∼3 is best understood as the average of the OER values for both indirect and direct actions. These results imply that both indirect and direct actions on cell killing require oxygen for the majority of lethal DNA damage, however, oxygen plays a larger role in indirect than for direct effects. Conversely, the lethal damage induced by the direct action of X rays are less affected by oxygen concentration.
An analysis on gene architecture in human and mouse genomes

A comparative genome analysis on exon-intron distribution profiles is performed for human and mouse genomes to deduce similarities and differences between them. Interestingly, both in human and mouse genomes, the total length in introns and intergenic DNA on each chromosome is significantly correlated to the chromosome size. The results presented provide a framework for understanding the nature and patterns of exon-intron length distributions, the constraints on them and their role in genome design and evolution.
Role of HRD Practices in Building Organizational Commitment

Organizations are striving hard to retain the employees in this highly competitive scenario. Human resource professionals are developing new interventions in order to lock in their individuals. One of the retention strategies would be to build up the commitment in the minds of the individuals towards the organization. The human resource development (HRD) practices have the ability to influence individual’s attitudes and behaviors for increased individual and organizational efficiency. To examine whether the HRD practices makes an impact on the individual’s commitment towards the organization, the present study was carried out. About sixty middle level managers from 3 auto component manufacturing units in Coimbatore were selected for the study. Questionnaires were used to elicit the responses relating to the effectiveness of human resource development practices in the organization and the individual’s organizational commitment. The statistical analysis revealed that, there exists a good positive association between HRD practices and organizational commitment. Further it is notable that all the HRD practices considered in the present study found associating with the commitment level. More specifically, based on the regression analysis results, role analysis and potential appraisal were found to the more significant influence of organizational commitment. The necessary implications were discussed and thus, the present work supports the fact that the HRD practices mould the individual for increased organizational membership.
Altered factor VII activating protease expression in murine hepatic fibrosis and its influence on hepatic stellate cells

Background: Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) is a profibrotic factor in liver fibrosis through its ability to stimulate hepatic stellate cells (HSC). The liver‐derived serine protease factor VII activating protease (FSAP) regulates the activities of PDGF‐BB in a cell‐specific manner.
Presence of the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) in pig attaching and effacing Escherichia coli and characterization of eae, espA, espB and espD genes of PEPEC (pig EPEC) strain 1390.

In the present study, attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) O45 isolates from post-weaning pigs with diarrhoea were examined for the presence of the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) using various DNA probes derived from the LEE of human enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strain E2348/69. The LEE fragment was conserved among the eae -positive pig isolates. The attaching and effacing activity of PEPEC (pig EPEC) O45 isolates is highly correlated with the presence of the LEE. Nevertheless, for some PEPEC isolates, the insertion site of the LEE is different or has diverged during evolution. The presence of the LEE fragment in PEPEC isolates provides further evidence that the LEE region is conserved among AEEC of different animal origins. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of the region containing the eae gene and esp genes of a pig AEEC isolate, strain 1390, was determined. Among examined Eae proteins, Eae of strain 1390 showed the highest similarity with Eae belonging to the beta intimin group such as the Eae of rabbit AEEC. Moreover, all pig strains that produced attaching and effacing lesions in piglets and pig ileal explants belonged to the beta intimin group. The deduced amino acid sequences of the EspA, EspB and EspD proteins of strain 1390 showed particularly strong homology to those of AEEC strains presenting a beta intimin allele. Thus, pig AEEC possess the LEE sequences, and for the strain 1390, sequences of the eae and esp regions are related to those of other AEEC, in particular, strains presenting a beta intimin allele, such as the rabbit AEEC.
Strategic Financial Planning over the Lifecycle: A Conceptual Approach to Personal Risk Management

1. Introduction and motivation 2. Mathematical preliminaries - working with interest rates 3. Personal balance sheet and human capital 4. Consumption smoothing and optimal savings 5. Debts, loans, and mortgages [Canadian content] 6. Personal income taxes [Canadian content] 7. Risk, utility, and insurance 8. Mortality risk and life insurance 9. Investment and diversification 10. The mathematics of portfolio diversification 11. Housing decisions 12. Pensions and retirement [Canadian content] 13. Advanced material*: Part I. Continuous time and the calculus of variations 14. Advanced material*: Part II. Stochastic optimal control and the HJB equation 15. Concluding thoughts and next steps.
Do Banks Value Audit Reports or Auditor Reputation? Evidence from Private Spanish Firms

This paper studies the relevance of audit qualifications and auditor selection for the external stakeholders of private companies in code-law countries. Employing a sample of private Spanish firms, we find that the cost of debt is not influenced by auditor opinion, but it is strongly influenced by the selection of a high-quality auditor. These findings suggest that Spanish banks' and lenders' decisions are more influenced by the reputation of the auditor than by the content of the audit report. These results are robust to both the unobserved heterogeneity problem and the potential endogenous nature of the explanatory variables.
Modeling the Probability of Informed Trading in the European Carbon Market

We provide evidence of informed trading in the European carbon market. We adapt Easley et al.’s (1996) PIN methodology to the particularities of this market by isolating the trading activity on the two carbon offsets: European Union Allowances (EUAs) and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). We find that the PIN regularly increases before the publication of the yearly verified-emission reports. CERs exhibit lower average PIN than EUAs. While the PIN of CERs has increased over time, together with its share in total trading activity, EUAs’ PIN has remained pretty stable. Our findings suggest that CERs must not be avoided in any decision or analysis made by researchers, regulators or traders interested in the European carbon market.
Mobility and Earnings: An Analysis of Finnish Manufacturing and Services

Suomen talouden kohtaamat shokit ovat vaikuttaneet voimakkaasti tyollisyyden kehitykseen ja sita kautta myos yksiloiden liikkumiseen eri tyopaikkojen seka tyollisyyden ja ei-tyollisyyden valilla. Teollisuuden seka suhteellinen etta absoluuttinen osuus tyovoimasta on pienentynyt samanaikaisesti kun palvelualojen tyollistava rooli on voimistunut. Taman teollisuusmaille tyypillisen rakennemuutoksen lisaksi tyopaikkojen maara Suomessa on kasvanut suuresti seka teollisuudessa etta palveluissa 1990-luvun jalkipuoliskolla. Tama kehityskulku nostaa esiin tarkeita kysymyksia, silla luodut tyopaikat, ja siten myos niihin palkattu tyovoima, ovat olleet vaihtelevia ominaisuuksiltaan ja tulevat mita todennakoisimmin vastaisuudessakin eroamaan merkittavasti toisistaan eri sektoreiden ja toimialojen valilla. Tassa tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan liikkuvuutta Suomen tyomarkkinoilla tehdasteollisuuteen ja palvelusektorille, ja edelleen erikseen vahittaiskaupan seka hotelli- ja ravintola-alalle, suuntautuvien tyontekijavirtojen (rekrytointi) nakokulmasta. Tarkastelu tehdaan erikseen kuudelle tyovoimakategorialle, joiden erottelu perustuu yksiloiden tyomarkkina-asemaan edellisena vuonna. Tarkoituksena on selvittaa missa maarin yksilon lahityohistoria vaikuttaa tyomarkkinoilla menestymiseen tai epaonnistumiseen eri suhdannevaiheissa ja erityisesti nopean teknologisen kehityksen aikana. Lisaksi vertaillaan kuuden tyovoimaryhman keskimaaraisia ansiotuloja, niiden kasvuvauhtia ja hajontaa. Edelleen selvitetaan ja vertaillaan rekrytoitujen “lahtotulotasoja” palkkajakaumassa, jolloin ensisijainen tavoite on tutkia, vaihteleeko tyon laatu (palkassa mitattuna) systemaattisesti kuuden tyovoimaryhman valilla. Erityista huomiota kiinnitetaan yksiloiden rekrytointiin matalapalkkatoihin ja naiden tyosuhteiden pysyvyyteen. – liikkuvuus ; tyosuhteen pysyvyys ; palkka ; matalapalkkaisuus ; palvelualat ; tehdasteollisuus ; hotelli- ja ravintola-ala ; vahittaiskauppa
Cytokines and cardiac contractile function.

A working understanding of the molecular and cell biology of inflammatory cytokines is of growing importance to both cardiovascular scientists and practicing clinicians. Accumulating evidence indicates that these locally acting polypeptide mediators, or “autacoids,” play a role not only in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and in the cardiac dysfunction that accompanies systemic sepsis, viral myocarditis, and cardiac allograft rejection but also in advanced heart failure syndromes resulting from diverse pathogenic insults. (“Autacoid” is derived from the Greek words autos [“self”] and akos [“remedy”]; autacoids are locally acting, biologically active agents [both peptides and nonpeptides] that are distinct from neurotransmitters and hormones in the circulation.1 ) More than 25 years ago, Lefer and Rovetto2 reported that the sera of septic patients and experimental animals contained a “myocardial depressant factor,” the molecular nature of which has eluded definitive identification in the intervening years. During the past decade, Parrillo and colleagues3 4 used intact animals and in vitro isolated heart cell preparations to systematically investigate the factors that contribute to myocardial depression in systemic sepsis (ie, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome) and concluded that TNF-α and IL-1β were shown to be present in the sera of septic patients and are responsible for most, if not all, of the reversible cardiac depression often seen with this syndrome. These data are consistent with earlier reports (reviewed in Levine et al5 ) that soluble inflammatory mediators in medium conditioned by activated immunocytes altered the contractile responsiveness of beating cardiac muscle cells to β-adrenergic agonists, an effect that could be mimicked in this in vitro preparation by recombinant TNF-α or IL-1β. Interest in these findings has been amplified by reports of elevated circulating as well as intracardiac TNF-α levels in patients with heart failure.6 7 8 9 10 Systemic infusions of one …
Von willebrand factor in head and neck cancer

Laboratory abnormalities in blood coagulation factors are common in patients with cancer but the significance is unknown. Twenty‐eight patients with head and neck cancer were studied at the time of diagnosis. Twenty‐five were advanced‐stage (III or IV) patients. Levels of clotting factors, antithrombin III, and plasminogen were normal. Levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), both antigenic and functional (ristocetin cofactor), were elevated. This group of patients were followed for a minimum of 41 months (median, 48 months). Fifteen patients died within the follow‐up period. von Willebrand factor levels were significantly higher in these 15 than the 13 survivors. Extreme elevation of ristocetin cofactor (> 300 U/dl) was seen in six of the 15 patients who died and in none of the survivors. Plasma vWF is elevated in head and neck cancer and the level measured at the time of diagnosis may have prognostic and potentially therapeutic implications.
Successful Marketing Strategy for High-Tech Firms

What Marketing Means for High-Tech Firms - What is Marketing? What is a High-Tech Product? What is High-Tech Marketing? Chapter Summary. Corporate and Marketing Strategies in the High-Tech Industry - The Company 's Mission and Vision in the High-Tech Industry. The Strategic Dimensions of Technology. Technology as a Strategic Resource Competence. Developing Technology Competence Through External Growth. What Are the Marketing Strategy and the Marketing Plan for High-Tech Products? Chapter Summary. Knowing Customers and Markets - Determining the Customer 's Buying Behavior. Estimating Demand. Managing the Relationships with Customers. Chapter Summary. Understanding Competitors - Identifying Competitors. Analyzing a Competitor 's Strategy. Finding Information about Competitors. Organizing Competitive Analysis. Chapter Summary. Selecting Markets - Two Market Segmentation Methods for High-Tech Products and Services. Evaluating and Targeting Segments. The Positioning of the Solution. Segmentation and Time. Chapter Summary. Product Strategy - Managing the Three Product Dimensions. Managing a Product Range. Managing a High-Tech Product According to Its Product Life Cycle. Chapter Summary. Distributing and Selling High-Tech Products - Selecting Distribution Channels for High-Tech Products. Managing Distributors of High-Tech Products. Selling High-Tech Products. Chapter Summary. Communication Strategy for High-Tech Products - Communication for High-Tech Products. Setting A communication Budget. Allocating the Advertising Budget. Managing Promotional Tools. The Specific Role of Preannouncements in the Communications Plan for High-Tech Products. Corporate Advertising, Viral Marketing and Public Relations. Chapter Summary. Pricing High-Tech Products - Determining Price Limits. Setting the Price of High-Tech Products. Adapting a Price Policy to Different Types of High-Tech Products. Integrating the Other Determinants of Price. Managing Price. Chapter Summary. The Position of Marketing within High-Tech Companies - The Position of the Marketing Structure in a High-Tech Firm. The Internal Organization of the Marketing Structure. The Necessary Cooperation of the Marketing Department with Other Departments. Chapter Summary. Appendices - Key Success Factors of a Marketing Department in a High-Tech Company. The Marketing Plan.
Foreign Investors' Reaction to Reduced Profitability - Does Governance Matter?

The home bias in international portfolios has been explained by foreign investors' exposure to more severe moral hazard problems than domestic investors. A drop in expected returns will increase the likelihood of these hazards, causing foreign investors to react more strongly to profit warnings than domestic investors. In data on profit warnings, intraday trades, and shareholder deposits from the Helsinki Stock Exchange foreign investors are more likely to sell and domestic investors more likely to buy following profit warnings. The extent of foreign investor reaction depends on the level of surprise at the profit warning, perceived information asymmetry, and corporate governance-related indicators. We also consider alternative explanations, foreign investors' sophistication, familiarity of company, information uncertainty and the treatment of the foreign investments as small growth companies.
The effect of hypovolemia due to hemorrhage on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in the dog.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of hypovolemia on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in the dog. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, cross-over trial. ANIMAL POPULATION Six healthy intact mixed breed female dogs weighing 18.2-29.0 kg. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to determine the MAC of isoflurane in a normovolemic or hypovolemic state with a minimum of 18 days between trials. On both occasions, anesthesia was initially induced and maintained for 40 minutes with isoflurane delivered in oxygen while vascular catheters were placed in the cephalic vein and dorsal metatarsal artery. In dogs assigned to the hypovolemic group, 30 mL kg(-1) of blood was removed at 1 mL kg(-1) minute(-1) from the arterial catheter. All dogs were allowed to recover from anesthesia. Thirty minutes after the discontinuation of isoflurane, anesthesia was re-induced with isoflurane in oxygen delivered by face mask. The tracheas were intubated, and connected to an anesthetic machine with a Bain anesthetic circuit. Mechanical ventilation was instituted at a rate of 10 breaths minute(-1) with the tidal volume set to deliver 10-15 mL kg(-1). Airway gases were monitored continuously and tidal volume was adjusted to maintain an end-tidal carbon dioxide level of 35-40 mmHg (4.67-5.33 kPa). Body temperature was maintained at 37-38 degrees C (98.6-100.4 degrees F). The MAC determination was performed using an electrical stimulus applied to the toe web and MAC was defined as the mean value of end-tidal isoflurane between the concentrations at which a purposeful movement did and did not occur in response to the electrical stimulus. The MAC values were compared between groups using a Student's t-test. RESULTS The MAC of isoflurane was significantly less in hypovolemic dogs (0.97 +/- 0.03%) compared with normovolemic dogs (1.15 +/- 0.02%) (p < 0.0079). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The MAC of isoflurane is reduced in dogs with hypovolemia resulting from hemorrhage. Veterinarians should be prepared to deliver a lower percentage of isoflurane to maintain anesthesia in hypovolemic dogs during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Design of a self-timed asynchronous parallel FIR filter using CSCD

This paper presents a self-timed, asynchronous, parallel finite impulse response (FIR) filter architecture capable of high-speed operation. Using self-timed, parallel structures even slow calculation blocks, such as simple multiplier-accumulators (MACs), can be used to implement high-speed filters. The building blocks are implemented using specific current-sensing completion detection (CSCD) standard cells also presented in this paper. The simulation results are very promising and especially the design of the control revealed several pitfalls and possibilities that require specific solutions when designing asynchronous circuits.