Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mass Media and the Women's Movement: 1900-1977

News coverage of women is strongly related to the women's movement. The quantity of coverage was measured from 1900 to 1977 for the New York Times and the periodicals in the Reader's Guide. Television coverage of the women's movement and newspaper reporting of the civil rights movement were also examined. Coverage of women was highest when the women's movement was strong; however, there was little media coverage of the early stages of the current women's movement and civil rights movement. A content analysis showed that the quality of news coverage also varies with the strength of the movement.
Title Neural FoxP 2 and FoxP 1 expression in the budgerigar , an avian species with adult vocal learning

Vocal learning underlies acquisition of both language in humans and vocal signals in some avian taxa. These bird groups and humans exhibit convergent developmental phases and associated brain pathways for vocal communication. The transcription factor FoxP2 plays critical roles in vocal learning in humans and songbirds. Another member of the forkhead box gene family, FoxP1 also shows high expression in brain areas involved in vocal learning and production. Here, we investigate FoxP2 and FoxP1 mRNA and protein in adult male budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a parrot species that exhibits vocal learning as both juveniles and adults. To examine these molecules in adult vocal learners, we compared their expression patterns in the budgerigar striatal nucleus involved in vocal learning, magnocellular nucleus of the medial striatum (MMSt), across birds with different vocal states, such as vocalizing to a female (directed), vocalizing alone (undirected), and non-vocalizing. We found that both FoxP2 mRNA and protein expressions were consistently lower in MMSt than in the adjacent striatum regardless of the vocal states, whereas previous work has shown that songbirds exhibit down-regulation in the homologous region, Area X, only after singing alone. In contrast, FoxP1 levels were high in MMSt compared to the adjacent striatum in all groups. Taken together these results strengthen the general hypothesis that FoxP2 and FoxP1 have specialized expression in vocal nuclei across a range of taxa, and suggest that the adult vocal plasticity seen in budgerigars may be a product of persistent down-regulation of FoxP2 in MMSt. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Financial development and economic growth in Fiji

This paper examines the relationship between financial development and growth in Fiji using time series data from 1970-2000. Firstly, an analysis of a broad set of financial indicators for Fiji based on a cross-country study by Beck, Demirguc-Kunt and Levine (1999), provide support for the evolvement of Fiji’s financial sector over the three decade review period. Secondly, the paper examines empirically the causal link between financial development and economic growth in Fiji using unit root and co-integration techniques within a bi-variate vector auto-regressive (bVAR) framework. Results reveal a positive relationship between financial development and economic growth for Fiji with the direction of causation running predominantly from economic growth to financial development. This outcome is consistent with results found for countries which have less sophisticated financial systems.
A review of prevalence and phylogeny of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in mites (subclass: Acari)

Abstract Many species of mites are of agricultural and veterinary importance to human. The bacterial symbiont Cardinium is assumed to be widespread and involved in manipulating its mite host's reproduction. We investigated Cardinium infections in phylogenetically diverse mite species based on published data. Cardinium was reported in 45 mite species, representing 3 orders and 14 families. Some Cardinium strains can influence their mite hosts' reproduction via two strategies: cytoplasmic incompatibility and feminization. The phylogeny of the examined mites was well resolved based on the 18S rRNA gene, whereas Cardinium phylogeny was not completely concordant with its associated host phylogeny, raising the possibility that horizontal transmission of Cardinium has occurred among species. In addition, Cardinium phylogeny was associated with the ecology of the hosts. Cardinium cooperating with other endosymbionts influences the ecology and evolution of its host.
Prehistory or paradise? Prehistory äs a reference for modern nature development, the Dutch case

'True prehistory' is hidden behmd our blasses and pre conceptions So we generally have a too romantic and idealized Vision offne past It is demonstrated that environmental impact m the Netherlands was severe from the early Metal Ages onward The agncultural System on the uplands was not sustamable, not m 'harmony with nature', but destructive Less than 30 000 people did away with major parts of the 'virgin forests' m two millennia Certamly, prehistory was unpolluted, but it was less vaned and shows a distmct human impact m its Vegetation than realized when 'prehistory' is chosen as a reference for nature management and development The 'desired habitats' of nature conservationists are closer to paradise than to prehistory
Soil Erosion Estimate in Southern Latium (Central Italy) Using RUSLE and Geostatistical Techniques

Il Lazio risulta ancora carente nell'informazione pedologica. Nonostante la frammentarieta dei dati tuttora disponibili, col presente lavoro abbiamo inteso testare l'operabilita del modello RUSLE e di alcune tecniche di interpolazione e simulazione geostatistica nell'area del Lazio meridionale p.p., per un'estensione areale di circa 4000 km2, nella prospettiva di poter estendere la stessa metodologia all'intera regione e contribuire alla messa a punto di strumenti conoscitivi utili per la pianificazione regionale. Il lavoro si e basato su dati pluviometrici, pedologici, plano-altimetrici e di uso e copertura del suolo contenuti in pubblicazioni scientifiche e database disponibili sul web. E stata anche condotta una campagna speditiva di campionamento dei suoli nell'area dei monti Lepini, Ausoni ed Aurunci al fine di colmare la carenza di dati in quell'area. La carta finale della perdita di suolo, intesa come valore medio su scala pluriennale, ottenuta dalla combinazione dei layer cartografici corrispondenti ai singoli fattori della RUSLE, mostra valori contenuti nei limiti di accettabilita (< 10 Mg ha-1 anno-1) nelle aree delle pianure costiere e intermontane mentre evidenzia valori crescenti e maggiormente significativi sui versanti delle aree collinari e montane, dove assumono valori superiori a 200 Mg ha-1 anno-1. Il valore medio dell'erosione riferito all'intera area risulta pari a 44.4 Mg ha-1 anno-1. Pur in mancanza di osservazioni dirette con le quali tentare di effettuare una validazione dei risultati ottenuti, i valori riportati sono comunque indicativi per una valutazione di prima approssimazione alla scala sub-regionale. Ulteriori approfondimenti ed aggiornamenti della carta prodotta saranno possibili una volta disponibili nuove informazioni e dettagli.
THE VELOCITY DEPENDENCE OF TECHNNIQUES COMMONLY LINKED WITH LOWER BACK INJURY IN CRICKET FAST BOWLING

The aim of this study was to examine the velocity dependence of shoulder alignment counter rotation, maximum hip-shoulder separation angle, maximum front knee flexion angle and maximum trunk lateral flexion. High-performance fast bowlers (n=17) were required to bowl multiple deliveries in a fast, normal and slower ball category. No statistical association was found between bowling velocity and maximum shoulder counter rotation or knee flexion. Significant associations were found between ball release velocity and trunk lateral flexion and maximum hip-shoulder separation angle. Significant differences were found between the bowling categories for separation angle and knee flexion. A regression analysis showed that trunk lateral flexion and separation angle only accounted for 11% of the ball velocity variance, for the normal delivery (31.3 ms-1).
Predicting Time Series Data collected from Software Measurements with Machine Learning Approaches

The objective of this paper is to highlight the implementation of machine learning forecasting approaches in software development. The concept of data mining has been used in different areas in the industry. There is an existing gap in the field of applying machine learning in the context of software measurements. This thesis will be conducted in two parts. Part 1, a systematic literature review to pinpoint the most recognised machine learning approaches. While part 2 will test the found approaches in an experimental environment to determine the most suitable machine learning approach for the collected data. The data was collected in a previous study through a collection of automotive software measurements. Keywords— Data mining, time series, machine learning, forecasting, prediction.
Role of Ethical Leadership in Online Sustainability Reporting

Purpose: Corporate scandals are still making headlines in the news. Stakeholders are demanding transparency through more information disclosure in order to curtail this problem and to regain trust. On the other hand, businesses are finding better ways to communicate not only financial but also non-financial information to their stakeholders. With the rise in internet applications, online sustainability reporting could be a solution to this problem. However, information disclosures via the internet particularly on websites are still limited. Prior studies look into antecedents such as firm specific characteristics and corporate governance mechanisms but this study will take a different leap, investigating the role of ethical leadership in online sustainability reporting. Design/Methodology/Approach: Cross-sectional approach will be applied through content analysis and survey. A disclosure index will be used. The explanatory variables will be extracted from questionnaires which will focus on respondents’ opinion of their supervisors. Findings: Since this paper is conceptual in nature, the expected result will indicate that ethical leadership components could play a role in online sustainability reporting practices. Implications/Originality/Value: This study will provide a new insight for corporate leaders, academics and policymakers on how ethical leadership could play a role in online sustainability reporting as well as enhance accountability through online disclosures. The empirical evidence will provide support for ethical leadership as potential antecedents of online disclosures, which has been understudied.
Versatile electrochemical cell for Li/Na‐ion batteries and high‐throughput setup for combined operando X‐ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy

A fundamental understanding of de/intercalation processes (single phase versus multi-phase), structural stability and voltage–composition profiles is pivotal for optimization of electrode materials for rechargeable non-aqueous batteries. A fully operational setup (electrochemical cells, sample changer and interfacing software) that enables combined quasi-simultaneous operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorption (XANES and EXAFS) measurements coupled with electrochemical characterization is presented. Combined XRD, XANES and EXAFS analysis provides a deep insight into the working mechanisms of electrode materials, as shown for the high-voltage Li insertion cathode material LiMn1.5Ni0. 5O4 and the high-capacity sodium conversion anode material Bi2S3. It is also demonstrated that the cell design can be used for in-house XRD characterization. Long-term cycling experiments on both Li and Na electrode materials prove the hermeticity and chemical stability of the design as a versatile operando electrochemical cell.
The Effect of Timely Interference of English Language Teachers on the Improvement of Learners' Oral Performance

Corrective feedback or error correction techniques are two terms interchangeably used to mean the interfering of language teachers to correct errors committed by their students. The issue has been controversially debated over the time. Many teachers support the view of immediate interference to correct learners' error. These are the old disciples of teacher-based theory in education, while others defend the idea of student-centered education. This paper aims to pool the efforts of both schools; but the researchers prefer the timely interference of the instructor to correct his/her student’s error. The researchers believe that, this may be the practical way to modify learners' oral language errors. The word timely should be relatively understood to simply mean that teachers should decide the well-timed moment to get involved in the learning process. The teacher is the master of the place and time of the whole teaching environment, so s/he will have to soundly judge their interference by considering: 1. The vitality of the text 2. The degree of the criticality of the context. 3.The sound calculation of the possibility of loss OR gain if the interference is not well-timed.
Isolation of WithaferinA from Withania Somnifera plant root and its effects on cancer rats

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most universal primary malignant tumor of the liver. It is the third most common cause of cancer related deaths in men and the ninth in women caused by chemical carcinogens. Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment, which works throughout the body to kill cancer cells. Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the oxidative biomarkers and hepatoprotective efficacy of WithaferinA (WFA) against hepatocellular carcinoma in experimental rats. Materials and Method: Group IControl animals treated with 0.5% of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) orally throughout the experimental period. Group IIHepatocellu lar carcinoma was induced by providing 0.01% DEN through drinking water for 15 weeks. Group IIIAnimals were treat ed with WithaferinA at the dosage of 50mg/kg body.wt, oral ly for 21 days before administration of DEN as in Group II. Group IVHepatocellular carcinoma induced animals treat ed with WithaferinA at a dosage similar to group I II for 21 days, i.e. after the administration of DEN for 12 weeks. Group VAnimals treated with WithaferinA (as in Group III) alone for 21 days. Results: In this study, we observed that WFA protects the rats from DEN induced HCC when administered at a lethal dose of 50 mg/kg for 21 days. The levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and liver marker enzymes were markedly increased in cancer bearing animals. In contrast, the activities of the enzymic and Nonenzym ic antioxidants were found to be decreased in liver of cancer bearing animals. The cancer bearing animals when treated with Withaferin� A showed significantly decreased levels of liver marker enzymes with simultaneous reversion in the activities of antioxidants levels when compared to the cancer induced animals. Conclusion: These observations suggest that the treatment with WFA effectively reduced oxidative stress, as assessed by decreased levels of various oxidants and improved the level of diverse antioxidants. The obtained results it is concluded that withaferinA is capable of restoring the liver architecture by increasing the antioxidant status in hepatocarcinogenic rats.
Strength Properties of Shea-Butter Nuts Under Compressive Loading

Compression tests were performed on heat-treated Shea-butter nuts to study the effects of temperature and loading position on rupture force, deformation, toughness and firmness of the nuts. The factors examined had significant effects on the measured parameters (rupture force, deformation, toughness and firmness) at 95% confidence level. Rupture force, deformation and toughness decreased while firmness increased with increases in temperature in both axial and lateral loading positions. Higher values of firmness but lower values of rupture force, deformation and toughness were obtained when Shea-butter nuts were compressed in lateral loading position compared with axial loading position under the same conditions.
Short hot wire technique for measuring thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of various materials

A transient short hot wire technique (SHWT) is developed for simultaneous determination of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of various materials such as liquids, gases or powders. A metal wire with (or without) insulation coating serves both as a heating unit and as an electrical resistance thermometer and the wire is calibrated using water and toluene with known thermophysical properties. This SHWT includes correlation of the experimental data with numerically simulated values based on a two-dimensional heat-conduction model. For the measurements with proportional relation between temperature rise and logarithmic heating time interval, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are obtained from the slope and the intercept of the measured temperature rise and those of calculated non-dimensional temperature rise by including the heat flux and the properties of the wire. For the measurements with nonlinear relation between temperature rise and logarithmic heating time interval, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are extracted from a curve fitting method by using the downhill simplex method to match the experimental data and the numerical values. This technique is applied here using air as a testing sample. The effect of natural convection is investigated and the accuracy of this measurement is estimated to be 2% for thermal conductivity and 7% for thermal diffusivity.
Preparation of Three Types of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids and Comparative Study on the Effect of Nanoparticle Concentrations on Insulating Property of Transformer Oil

Nanofluids have the potential to become the alternatives of conventional transformer oil for their exquisite electrical and thermal properties. Three kinds of nanoparticles with distinct conductivities, namely, nonconductive nanoparticle Al2O3, conductive nanoparticle Fe3O4, and semiconductive nanoparticle TiO2, with different concentrations from 5% to 40% w/v were selected and suspended into transformer oil to develop nanofluids. The lightening impulse breakdown strengths of the oil samples with and without nanoparticles were measured according to IEC standard methods. The positive impulse breakdown strength indicated that breakdown strength is first increased up to the maximum value at certain concentration and then starts decreasing. The results of negative impulse breakdown manifested that the breakdown voltages of nanofluids with different concentrations were less than the breakdown voltage of pure transformer oil. Different effect mechanisms of dielectric and conductive nanoparticles were also used to describe the difference among three prepared nanofluids.
Contextualist Research: Iterating between Methods While Following an Empirically Grounded Approach

An alternative approach to research is described that has been developed through a succession of significant construction management research projects. The approach follows the principles of iterative grounded theory, whereby researchers iterate between alternative theoretical frameworks and emergent empirical data. Of particular importance is an orientation toward mixing methods, thereby overcoming the existing tendency to dichotomize quantitative and qualitative approaches. The approach is positioned against the existing contested literature on grounded theory, and the possibility of engaging with empirical data in a "theory free" manner is discounted. Emphasis instead is given to the way in which researchers must be theoretically sensitive as a result of being steeped in relevant literatures. Knowledge of existing literatures therefore shapes the initial research design; but emergent empirical findings cause fresh theoretical perspectives to be mobilized. The advocated approach is further aligned with notions of knowledge coproduction and the underlying principles of contextualist research. It is this unique combination of ideas which characterizes the paper's contribution to the research methodology literature within the field of construction management. Examples are provided and consideration is given to the extent to which the emergent findings are generalizable beyond the specific context from which they are derived.
Insider Trading, Outside Search, and Resource Allocation: Why Firms and Society May Disagree on Insider Trading Restrictions

We show that entrepreneurs may prefer to allow insider trading even when it is not socially optimal. We examine a model in which an insider/manager allocates resources on the basis of his private information and outside information conveyed through the secondary-market price of the firm's shares. If the manager is allowed to trade, he will compete with informed outsiders, reducing the equilibrium quality of outside information. While the benefits to production of outside information are the same for society and entrepreneurs, we show that the social and private costs are different. Thus, entrepreneurs and society may disagree on the conditions under which insider trading restrictions should be imposed. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Can "Big Bath" and Earnings Smoothing Co-exist as Equilibrium Financial Reporting Strategies?

We study a model of financial reporting where investors infer the precision of reported earnings. Reporting a larger earnings surprise reduces the inferred earnings precision, dampening the impact on firm value of reporting higher earnings, and providing a natural demand for smoother earnings. We show that for sufficiently “bad” news, the manager under‐reports earnings by the maximum, preferring to take a “big bath” in the current period in order to report higher future earnings. If the news is “good,” the manager smoothes earnings, with the amount of smoothing depending on the level of cashflows observed. He either over‐reports or partially under‐reports for slightly good news, and gradually increases his under‐reporting as the news gets better, until he is under‐reporting the maximum amount for sufficiently good news. This result holds both when investors are “naive” and ignore management’s ability to manipulate earnings, or “sophisticated” and correctly infer management’s disclosure strategy.
A New Presbyornithid Bird (Aves, Anseriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern Mongolia

Abstract We describe a new large representative of the important fossil anseriform taxon Presbyornithidae from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Nemegt Formation of southern Mongolia. This new taxon, Teviornis gobiensis, n. gen. et n. sp. , is known from the associated manual portion of a right wing and the distal end of a right humerus, but is clearly diagnosable with respect to all other known representatives of the fossil Presbyornithidae. It is placed within the clades Anseriformes and Presbyornithidae, respectively, on the basis of a number of derived characters of the carpometacarpus and digits. Importantly, description of Teviornis confirms the presence of members of the neornithine clade Anseriformes (“waterfowl”) in the Late Cretaceous, as has been suggested previously on the basis of much less diagnostic fossil material as well as from clade divergence estimates founded on molecular sequence data. The extinct Presbyornithidae thus has a worldwide distribution and ranged in age from at least the Maastrichtian through to the uppermost Eocene.