Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of nutrition label on food purchasing decision among university students in Kuantan, Malaysia

Nutrition label provides nutrition status of the pre-packaged foods and is very useful for people when making decision for healthy foods. However, there is a lack of awareness among Malaysians regarding the use of nutrition label when purchasing foods. Hence, a cross sectional study among tertiary students (IIUM) was conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gender, attitude and knowledge of the tertiary students with the use of nutrition labeling. Assessment s were done by distributing 25-item questionnaires composed of pair-wise, open-ended and 5-item Likert scale questions to the subjects. The prevalence of level of nutrition knowledge and attitudes were determined. Our analysis showed that 95 students(57.6%) were moderately making use of the nutrition label. There was no significant difference between gender and the use of nutrition label on food purchasing decision among these students. There was also no association between knowledge and the use of nutrition label on food purchasing decision among them. However, there was significant association between attitude and the use of nutrition label on food purchasing decision among the students(p= 0.001, r= 17.842). Our results show that attitude is the key factor in regards with the use of nutrition label while gender and knowledge has no effect on the use of nutrition label on food purchasing
Reduced cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder

Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) may represent prodromal synucleinopathies. We report markedly reduced cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake, consistent with the loss of sympathetic terminals, in idiopathic RBD. We also demonstrate that this reduction is of the same magnitude as that found in patients with Parkinson disease. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that idiopathic RBD in older patients is a forme fruste of Lewy body disease.
Long-term results by using cochlear Implants on children: Systematic review

Summary Introduction: Cochlear Implant (CI) benefits given to children in the first years of usage have been thoroughly described in literature. Nonetheless, studies reporting the results after the device has been long used are scarce. Objective: Review the available evidence in literature to answer the query: “Did Cochlear Implant effectively contribute to develop the communication abilities in children and young adults who grew up with this device? Method: To answer the suggested query, a systematic literature review was performed. Several electronic databases and congress records have been selected to find the evidence regarding the long-term CI results. The likely significant titles to answer the objective of the systematic review were retrieved and reviewed by using a data analysis protocol. For every article encompassed in the present systematic review, short notes were made on a filing card as well as the classification, according to evidence level and degree of recommendation. Data synthesis: Fifteen studies fulfilled the requirements and were included in the systematic review. The achieved results showed that the first generation of implanted children reached levels of linguistic and academic proficiency similar to normal hearing individuals at the same age. Final Comments: CI effectively contributed to develop the functional communication abilities in children and young adults who grew up with this electronic device.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BOVINE POROUS BONE MINERAL FOR THE TREATMENT OF HUMAN PERIODONTAL DEGREE II FURCATION DEFECTS

The management of furcation-involved teeth is quite demanding. Degree II furcation defects, with their unique anatomy, pose a special regenerative challenge. Numerous surgical modalities have been tested in an attempt to achieve regeneration of these defects. The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) for the treatment of human mandibular molar degree II furcation defects and to compare it with open flap debridement (OFD) alone. Using a split-mouth design, a total of 20 degree II mandibular molar buccal furcation defects in 10 systemically healthy patients were treated either with bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) as test group or with open flap debridement (OFD) as control group. The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months. At 6 months reentry, the test group showed significantly greater pocket reduction, gain in clinical attachment, horizontal open furcation depth reduction and vertical open furcation depth reduction than the control group. Also, significant improvement was seen in bone fill and percentage gain with test group. Within limitations of the study, it was concluded that bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) has an efficacious regenerative potential for treating degree II furcation defects.
Assessment of mutagenicity and toxicity of different‐size fractions of air particulates from La Plata, Argentina, and Leipzig, Germany

Airborne particulates, especially fine particles and bound chemical compounds, are a potential mediator of adverse health effects. In this study an analysis was done of the concentration and size distribution of air particulate matter, the content of bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the biological effects of organic extracts from different fractions of dust that had been influenced by urban and industrial emissions from the regions of La Plata, Argentina, and Leipzig, Germany, along with samples from control areas. Air particulate matter was sampled in summer and winter in each region using a high‐volume sampler with a six‐stage cascade impactor, classifying dust in six size fractions from 10‐μm particles to those less than 0.49 μm in size. Organic extracts of dust were tested for mutagenicity (Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain, S9+) and cytotoxicity (Tetrahymena pyriformis test system, growth rate, cell respiration). The content of PAHs was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array and fluorescence detection. Mutagenic and cytotoxic effects were found to be associated with very fine (<0.49 μm) and fine (<1.5 μm) particle‐bound compounds, corresponding to a higher content of PAHs. The mutagenic potency (revertants/m3) associated with particles less than 0.49 μm from urban areas of La Plata was about 1 order of magnitude higher than in particles in the range of 3.0 to 0.49 μm. Fine fractions from sites with an industrial burden were also found to exhibit high mutagenic potency. A similar tendency was observed in cytotoxicity tests with T. pyriformis. This cell system proved to be very sensitive to toxicants in tested dust fractions. The observed biological effects were found to be correlated significantly with concentrations of total PAH, carcinogenic PAHs, and benzo[a]pyrene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 219–231, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10054
Predicting adherence to immunosuppressant therapy: a prospective analysis of the theory of planned behaviour.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to increase the ability to predict renal transplant patients (RTPs) who are most likely to be non-adherent to their immunosuppressant therapy (IST). METHODS One hundred and fifty-eight RTPs completed questionnaires assessing Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) variables (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control) relevant to intentions to adhere to their IST, with the addition of a general measure of past adherence to medical advice. In the full sample, intentions to adhere to IST was the outcome variable. In a subsample of 70 RTPs, the primary outcome was IST adherence. RESULTS TPB variables (attitudes, beta = 0.32, P < 0.01; perceived behavioural control, beta = 0.37, P < 0.01; but not subjective norms, beta = -0.001, ns) explained 41% of the variance in intentions to adhere to IST (P < 0.001). Past behaviour predicted perceived behavioural control (beta = 0.67, P < 0.001). Subsample analyses explained 33% (P < 0.001) of the variance in adherence, with intentions and past behaviour being the primary factors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RTPs particularly at risk may be those who have a history of non-adherence to medical advice, especially when they have negative attitudes about IST adherence and feel they have little control over their medication-taking behaviour. Interventions to improve attitudes about IST adherence and control of adherence behaviour are needed.
The relationship between hearing status and the participation in different categories of work: demographics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between hearing status, socioeconomic status and work status. PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional data of 18-64 year old participants (N=1888) from the National Longitudinal Study on Hearing (NL-SH) were used. Both normal hearing and hearing impaired subjects participated. METHODS Hearing ability in noise was measured with the National Hearing test, an online speech-in-noise test. Educational level, monthly income, being primary income earner and working status (i.e. paid employment, unemployed and looking for work, unfit for work, voluntary work, household work, being a student, or taking early retirement, and the type of work contract) were assessed with a questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were applied. RESULTS Participants with poorer hearing ability were less likely to be found in the upper categories of educational level and income, having paid work > 12 hours per week, being a student, or taking early retirement. On the other hand they were more likely to look for work or to be unfit for work. No associations were found with voluntary work and household work. DISCUSSION Hearing ability seems to be related to both socioeconomic status and being employed. Our findings underline the importance of rehabilitation programs in audiology, aimed at supporting people with hearing impairment to help them to successfully enter or re-enter the workforce.
EFFECTS OF CORRELATION BETWEEN VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS IN THE TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.).

Introduction That a certain antagonism exists between vegetative growth and reproduction seems still to be the rather prevailing opinion among students of plant development. Luxurious vegetation is thought to be detrimental either to the initiation of gametes or to their union, resulting in a conspicuous absence of seeds and fruit, while a limited vegetative growth is considered to be the precursor of marked reproductive activities. In many instances this apparently is true. The facts, however, do not permit one to accept such a view as an axiomatic generalization, for careful analysis of the development of many plants leads to a diametrically opposite conception. Both empirical and experimental evidence leave one hardly room for doubt that only too frequently a clearly recognizable association does exist between excessive vegetation and lack of fruitfulness on one hand, and diminished growth and abundant seed formation on the other. The question is, however, which in this relationship is cause and which is effect; for our present knowledge of correlation, both quantitative and qualitative, between the various parts or organs of higher plants compels one to accept the existence of a causal relationship. Data may be marshalled showing the effects of growth on reproduction, but there is also ample proof of exactly the reverse situation. Plants belonging to all three groups-annuals, biennials and perennials-supply a large number of examples where it is clearly evident (1) that vegetative growth is almost quantitatively determined by the developing seeds and fruit; (2) that it often decreases at the exact time and in the exact proportion to the amount of flowers formed and seeds set; and (3) that the rate of vegetative growth is controlled by the developing fruit. These conceptions, though quite contrary to a current point of view, do not appear to be overdrawn. Because of the sequence in time, vegetation usually preceding reproduction, and because of the greater economic importance of seeds and fruit as compared with the strictly vegetative parts of plants, there has been a consistent gathering of proof on the effects of vegetation * At present with the College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.
Effect of External Pressure and Catheter Gauge on Flow Rate, Kinetic Energy, and Endothelial Injury During Intravenous Fluid Administration in a Rabbit Model

ABSTRACT The effects of intravenous (IV) catheter gauge and pressurization of IV fluid (IVF) bags on fluid flow rate have been studied. However, the pressure needed to achieve a flow rate equivalent to that of a 16 gauge (G) catheter through smaller G catheters and the potential for endothelial damage from the increased kinetic energy produced by higher pressurization are unclear. Constant pressure on an IVF bag was maintained by an automatic adjustable pneumatic pressure regulator of our own design. Fluids running through 16 G, 18 G, 20 G, and 22 G catheters were assessed while using IV bag pressurization to achieve the flow rate equivalent to that of a 16 G catheter. We assessed flow rates, kinetic energy, and flow injury to rabbit inferior vena cava endothelium. By applying sufficient external constant pressure to an IVF bag, all fluids could be run through smaller (G) catheters at the flow rate in a 16 G catheter. However, the kinetic energy increased significantly as the catheter G increased. Damage to the venous endothelium was negligible or minimal/patchy cell loss. We designed a new rapid infusion system, which provides a constant pressure that compresses the fluid volume until it is free from visible residual fluid. When large-bore venous access cannot be obtained, multiple smaller catheters, external pressure, or both should be considered. However, caution should be exercised when fluid pressurized to reach a flow rate equivalent to that in a 16 G catheter is run through a smaller G catheter because of the profound increase in kinetic energy that can lead to venous endothelium injury.
Diffuse Leptomeningeal Neuroepithelial Tumor: 9 Pediatric Cases With Chromosome 1p/19q Deletion Status and IDH1 (R132H) Immunohistochemistry

Leptomeningeal dissemination in children is typical of high-grade, and occasionally low-grade, neoplasms. Rare cases of widely disseminated oligodendroglia-like leptomeningeal tumors, sometimes with associated spinal cord lesions, have been described that respond to treatment and follow an indolent course. Whether these lesions represent an established tumor category or are a unique entity remains to be established. We present 9 pediatric cases of such diffuse leptomeningeal neuroepithelial tumors (DLNT), 8 with assessment of 2 common genetic alterations seen in oligodendrogliomas, 1p and 19q chromosomal deletions and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) R132H mutations. Four patients were male and 5 female, with a mean age at presentation of 4 years (range, 2 to 7 y). All presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure and diffuse contrast enhancement of the leptomeninges by magnetic resonance imaging. Three had a cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord tumor, and another had a small cerebellar lesion. Leptomeningeal biopsies showed a thickened and fibrotic arachnoid infiltrated by monotonous cells with round nuclei and prominent perinuclear clearing. All cases were strongly immunoreactive for S100 protein, and most showed faint granular synaptophysin reactivity. Six of 8 cases showed deletions of chromosome arm 1p by fluorescence in situ hybridization, 2 of which also had loss of 19q. None of the lesions reacted with IDH1-R132H antibodies. Although the clinicopathologic features show overlap of these DLNT lesions with oligodendroglioma and extraventricular neurocytoma, they do not exactly match either one, suggesting that DLNTs are a distinct tumor entity.
A comparison of military circumference equations to skinfold-based equations to estimate body composition.

UNLABELLED Circumference-based military equations (CBEs) were compared with a skinfold-based equation (SBE) to estimate body fat. OBJECTIVE We determined the correlation between CBEs and SBE, evaluated the efficacy of CBE methods, and examined the difference in methods to identify noncompliant personnel. Circumference and skinfold measurements were taken in sequential order for 1,191 male civil service employees (37.9 +/- 7.9 years). RESULTS Percent body fat was estimated for SBE (18.4 +/- 6.1) and three different CBEs: Marine Corps (19.6 +/- 5.8), Navy/Air Force (20.4 +/- 5.8), and Army (20.6 +/- 5.2). A moderate correlation coefficient existed between SBE and CBEs (r = 0.76-0.79). A greater body fat percentage was estimated in noncompliant personnel with circumference methods. CONCLUSIONS Data moderately correlate CBEs and SBE. However, CBEs predict higher estimates, resulting in a greater number of personnel classified as noncompliant.
PPAR / Agonists Modulate Platelet Function via a Mechanism Involving PPAR Receptors and Specific Association / Repression of PKC

Objectives—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor / (PPAR / ) is a nuclear receptor found in platelets. PPAR / agonists acutely inhibit platelet function within a few minutes of addition. As platelets are anucleated, the effects of PPAR / agonists on platelets must be nongenomic. Currently, the particular role of PPAR / receptors and their intracellular signaling pathways in platelets are not known. Methods and Results—We have used mice lacking PPAR / (PPAR / / ) to show the effects of the PPAR / agonist GW501516 on platelet adhesion and cAMP levels are mediated specifically by PPAR / , however GW501516 had no PPAR / -specific effect on platelet aggregation. Studies in human platelets showed that PKC , which can mediate platelet activation, was bound and repressed by PPAR / after platelets were treated with GW501516. Conclusions—These data provide evidence of a novel mechanism by which PPAR receptors influence platelet activity and thereby thrombotic risk. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:00-00.)
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is unaffected by multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder believed to affect as many as 57% of hospitalized patients (1) and 9–50% of outpatients, depending on the characteristics of the study population (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Vitamin D deficiency can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism and, if severe, osteomalacia. Both of these conditions are associated with loss of bone density, and both are reversible by repletion of vitamin D (7)(8)(9)(10). Recently, the association of vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk for a broader range of diseases, such as prostate cancer (11)(12) and colon cancer(13), has come to attention. Dietary vitamin D supplementation has even been implicated in decreasing the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (14), and ultraviolet irradiation has been shown to decrease systolic blood pressure in patients with mild untreated hypertension (15). Determining whether vitamin D deficiency is present usually involves assessing the stores of vitamin D by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, in combination with an assessment of parathyroid hormone concentrations. Currently, the preferred clinical 25OHD assay is a two-step procedure that involves a rapid extraction step of 25OHD from serum or plasma, followed by an equilibrium RIA procedure. The …
Lung cancer in patients < 50 years of age: the experience of an academic multidisciplinary program.

OBJECTIVE To determine if the clinicopathologic features and survival of lung cancer patients < 50 years of age differ from those of older patients. DESIGN Retrospective review of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma diagnosed at a single, multidisciplinary cancer center. SETTING A National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center in urban Detroit, MI. PATIENTS All patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma evaluated in the Multidisciplinary Lung Cancer Clinic at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute between 1990 and 1993. RESULTS Of 1,012 patients with lung cancer, 126 (12.5%) were < 50 years old at diagnosis, with a median age of 44 years. The median age of the 886 patients > or = 50 years of age was 65 years. The gender (p = 0.08) and racial (p = 0.12) characteristics of the younger and older patient groups were not significantly different. More than 90% of patients in both groups were smokers. The incidence of adenocarcinoma was significantly higher in younger patients (48.4% vs 36.0%, p < 0.001), and early-stage disease was less frequently diagnosed in younger patients (4.8% vs 19.7%, p < 0.001). Younger patients were more likely than older patients to undergo treatment, including surgery and combined-modality therapy (p < 0.001). Median survival was 13 months in younger and 9 months in older patients, while overall survival was similar in younger and older patients (p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS Although younger patients with lung cancer present with more advanced-stage disease, their overall survival is similar to that of older patients, suggesting that lung cancer is not an inherently more aggressive disease in patients < 50 years of age.
Studies on the anti-tumor efficacy of systemically administered recombinant tumor necrosis factor against several murine tumors in vivo.

The anti-tumor activity of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHTNF) was examined against four newly induced murine sarcomas (MCA-101, -102, -105, and -106) and a murine adenocarcinoma (MCA-38) transplanted s.c. into C57BL/6 mice. The serum half-life after a single i.v. injection of rHTNF was determined to be 30 +/- 2 min. Tumor-bearing mice were more susceptible to the toxic side effects of rHTNF than were normal mice. Forty-eight percent (41/86) of tumor bearing animals that received 10 micrograms rHTNF died within 48 hr after treatment compared with no deaths in 28 normal animals receiving this dose. Treatment of mice bearing either the MCA-101, -102, -105, or -106 sarcoma or the MCA-38 adenocarcinoma with rHTNF resulted in a marked necrosis of the central portion of each tumor within 24 hr. Animals bearing the weakly immunogenic tumors MCA-105, -106, and -38 experienced a reduction in average tumor area of 47% +/- 5, 46% +/- 6, and 37% +/- 11, respectively, by 3 to 4 days after treatment with rHTNF compared with pre-treatment values (p less than 0.001); increases of 79% +/- 11, 74% +/- 10, and 41% +/- 6 were seen in excipient-treated control animals over the same period. In contrast, animals bearing the non-immunogenic tumors MCA-101 and -102 experienced little if any decrease in tumor area at the doses of rHTNF used. rHTNF failed to mediate cures in animals bearing MCA-38, -101, or -102. In contrast, 67 and 28% of animals bearing MCA-105 and -106, respectively, which received 6 to 10 micrograms rHTNF were cured. Likewise, animals bearing MCA-105 and -106 sarcomas treated with 6 to 10 micrograms rHTNF had significantly increased survival compared with excipient-treated control animals. In contrast, no significant difference in mean survival was observed between excipient and rHTNF treated animals bearing MCA-38, -101, or -102. Histologically, the necrotic response of immunogenic MCA-106 and non-immunogenic MCA-102 tumors to systemically administered rHTNF was very similar. These two tumors differed morphologically, however, by the greater degree of chronic inflammation that was present at the periphery of the MCA-106 tumor in comparison with the MCA-102. By 72 hr after rHTNF administration, the sites of regressed MCA-106 tumors were replaced by a heterogeneous population of inflammatory cells and tumor cell "ghosts". (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)