Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of size distribution of starch granules in selected wheat varieties by the Low Angle Laser Light Scattering method

The distribution of the size of wheat starch granules using the method LALLS (Low Angle Laser Light Scattering), followed by the evaluation of the effect of variety, experimental site and intensity of cultivation on the vol. % of the starch A (starch granules > 10 µm) was determined. The total starch content and crude protein content in dry matter of flour T530 in selected collection of five winter wheat varieties were determined. Vol. % of the starch A in evaluated collection of wheat varieties varied between 65.31 and 72.34%. The effect of a variety on the vol. % of starch A seemed to be more marked than the effect of site and intensity of cultivation. The highest vol. % of starch A reached evaluated varieties from the quality group C, i.e. varieties unsuitable for baking utilisation (except variety Contra with high total content of starch in dry matter of flour T530, but relatively low vol. % of starch A). A low vol. % of starch A was also found in the variety Hana (very good variety for baking utilisation). Certain variety differences followed from the evaluation of distribution of starch fractions of starch granules, forming starch A. In the case of varieties Hana, Contra and Siria higher representation of fractions up to 30 µm was recorded, while starch A in the varieties Estica and Versailles was formed in higher degree by size fractions of starch granules over 30 µm and particularly size fraction > 50 µm was greatest in these varieties of all evaluated samples. With increasing total starch content in dry matter of flour T530 the crude protein content decreased; the vol. % of starch A not always increased proportionally with increasing total starch content.
Early Jurassic North Atlantic sea‐surface temperatures from TEX86 palaeothermometry

Early Jurassic marine palaeotemperatures have been typically quantified by oxygen‐isotope palaeothermometry of benthic and nektonic carbonate and phosphatic macrofossils. However, records of Early Jurassic sea‐surface temperatures that can be directly compared with general circulation model simulations of past climates are currently unavailable. The TEX86 sea‐surface temperature proxy is based upon the relative abundance of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers preserved in organic‐carbon‐bearing sediments. This proxy has been used extensively on Cretaceous and Cenozoic materials and, in one study, on Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments. Here, TEX86 is applied, for the first time, to Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian–Pliensbachian) sediments cored at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 547 in the North Atlantic. The abundance of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in these sediments is very low, despite biomarker and Rock‐Eval data suggesting that thermal maturity is, generally, low. Sea floor oxygenation and a high input of reworked terrestrially sourced organic matter may explain the low concentrations. For samples from which it was possible to quantify the relative abundance of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, TEX86 values range from 0·78 to 0·88, equating to sea‐surface temperatures in excess of >28°C. These temperatures are broadly comparable with new general circulation model simulations of the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian stages and support the general view of a predominantly warm climate. The new proxy data suggest that, under favourable geological conditions, it is possible to extend the record of TEX86‐based sea‐surface temperatures back into the Early Jurassic.
Multiple Cue Extinction Effects on Recovery of Responding in Causal Judgments

Many experiments have demonstrated recovery of extinguished responding following a context change and some experiments have shown that extinction in multiple contexts can reduce this response recovery. We report two additional experiments which both showed reduced response recovery following extinction in the presence of multiple partner cues. These experiments also showed reduced response recovery following acquisition in the presence of multiple partner cues. The effect of the multiple extinction treatment was present in tests carried out in presence of the original training cue (ABA design) as well as in the presence of a novel test cue (ABC design), suggesting the effect was mediated by the associative strength of the target cue, rather than by the strength of the partner cue. However, the effect of the multiple acquisition treatment was only present in the ABA design, suggesting this effect was mediated by the associative strength of the partner cues, not by the strength of the target cue.
Methods for studying the localization of mitochondrial complexes III and IV by immunofluorescent and immunogold microscopy

The localization of proteins within a cell is very important for studying protein colocalization and subsequently understanding protein-protein interactions at the subcellular level. Using mitochondrial protein localization as a model, we established methods to study the localization of electron transport chain complexes (ETCCs), specifically complexes III and IV, in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and mitochondria. Immunofluorescent and immunogold techniques were applied to BAT paraffin sections and thin Araldite sections of mitochondria-enriched fractions, respectively. Microscopic analysis clearly showed mitochondrial localization of complexes III and IV, as well their colocalization. In addition, 10 and 20 nm gold particles were capable of identifying the localization of complexes within mitochondrial cristae. The methods described in this study may be a beneficial addition to currently utilized methods for accurately identifying the localization of ETCCs, their colocalization with other proteins and their distribution inside the cell and cellular compartments. Lastly, this method can also be used to study the molecular architecture of BAT mitochondria by analyzing fixed and postfixed thin plastic sections with electron microscopy (EM). DOI: 10.2298/ABS150618061G Key words: mitochondria; immunofluorescence; immunogold; localization; brown adipose tissue Received: June 18, 2015; Revised: March 2, 2016; Accepted: March 3, 2016; Published online: July 27, 2016 How to cite this article: Golic I, Aleksic M, Lazarevic A, Bogdanovic M, Jonic S, Korac A. Methods for studying the localization of mitochondrial complexes III and IV by immunofluorescent and immunogold microscopy. Arch Biol Sci. 2016;68(4):767-72.
Pectoral girdle bones in eurypterygian fishes

Bones of the pectoral girdle skeleton in representatives of 48 genera in 41 families of eurypterygian fishes were studied. The structure and position of the pectoral girdle is relatively stable in eurypterygians. It consists of the extrascapula, posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum, postcleithrum, scapula, coracoid, actinosts, and fin rays. An ectocoracoid is present in some Gasterosteiformes. Most eurypterygians have a posttemporal with distinct dorsal and ventromedial processes. The dorsal process ligamentously articulates with the epioccipital and the ventromedial process with the intercalary when present, and when absent, with the posteroventral margins of the pterotic and exoccipital. In most taxa, the supracleithrum bears a sensory canal and articulates with the posttemporal anteriorly and with the cleithrum posteriorly. The cleithrum is Y-shaped consisting of the anterodorsal, posterodorsal, and ventral rami. Dorsal and ventral postcleithra are present in some Eurypterygii. The scapula articulates with the cleithrum and bears a foramen which is complete or open anteriorly and bordered by the cleithral ventral ramus. Most taxa have four autogenous actinosts that increase in size gradually from the first to the fourth, but in some, the first actinost is fused. The dorsalmost ray is rudimentary in some taxa.
Effects of Gibberellic acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Spray on Vegetative Growth, Fruit Anatomy and Seed Setting of Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. )

The experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia with the objective to evaluate the effects of different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and gibberellic acid (GA3) spray on vegetative and reproductive growth components of tomato. The experiment consists of two tomato varieties, one processing (Roma VF) and one fresh market (Fetan), three levels of 2,4-D (0, 5 and 10 ppm) and four levels of GA3 (0, 10, 15 and 20 ppm) arranged in 2x3x4 factorial combinations, in Randomized Completed Block design with three replications. Data were collected on qualitative parameters (vegetative, reproductive growth and external fruit color) through visual observation, and quantitative parameters (seed number per fruit, seed weight per fruit, fruit shape index and average fruit weight). Qualitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SAS (2002) software and mean separation was carried out by DMRT at 5% probability level. The result indicated that tomato plant treated with 2,4-D intended to have increased stem thickness, decreased leaf size induced epinastic and flower bud abscission in both cultivars while GA3 treatment has no retarded growth and flower bud abscission. Application of 2,4-D has responsible in the development of seedless parthenocarpic fruit with increased size but with unfilled cavities especially at higher concentration. On the other hand, GA3 at lower concentration results in normal fruit and seed development but as its concentration increases it results in the development of more proportion of smaller fruits per plant and formation of blotchy ripening on the fruit. Combined application of the two PGRs at lowers concentrations seems to result in the intermediate effects of both PGRs in single application. In general, concentration of the PGRs used and genetic background of the variety determine the response of tomato growth, fruit setting, seed formation and final marketable fruit size.
Imperfect Credit Markets: Implications for Monetary Policy

I develop a model for monetary policy analysis that features significant feedback from asset prices to macroeconomic quantities. The feedback is caused by credit market imperfections, which dynamically affect how efficiently labour and capital are being used in aggregate. I then analyse what implications this mechanism has for monetary policy. The paper offers three insights. First, the monetary transmission mechanism works not only via nominal rigidities but also via a reallocation of productive resources away from the most productive agents. Second, following an adverse productivity shock there is a dynamic trade-off between the immediate fall in output, which is an efficient response to the productivity fall, and the fall in output thereafter, which is caused by a reallocation of resources away from the most productive agents. The more the initial output fall is dampened with a temporary rise in inflation, the more the adverse future effects of the reallocation of resources are mitigated. Third, in a full welfare-based analysis of optimal monetary policy I show that it is optimal to have some inflation variability, even if the only shocks in the economy are productivity shocks. The optimal variability of inflation is small, but the costs of stabilising inflation too aggressively can be large.
The Effects of Terminalia catappa L. Leaves Extract on the Water Quality Properties, Survival and Blood Profile of Ornamental fish (Betta sp) Cultured

This research aimed to determine the phytochemicals content of Terminalia catappa leaves extract (TCL) and its effects on the survival and blood profiles of ornamental fish ( Betta sp) Ninety fish were randomly assigned into six triplicates groups and reared in various concentration of TCL: 0 (control), 125, 250, 375, 500, 625 ppm for 30 days. Temperature, Dissolve oxygen (DO), and pH were monitored during the trial. After 30 days, survival, Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), lymphocyte, and total protein serum (TPS) were analyzed. Based on the phytochemicals test, saponin, triterpenoid, quinon, phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid were detected on the TCL. Temperature and DO were not affected by any concentration of TCL. The lowest pH (5.05) was found in fish medium immersed with 625 ppm of TCL. Adding TCL above 375 ppm resulted in significantly higher survival, RBC, and Hb. The highest WBC was found in fish immersed with 625 ppm whereas the lowest lymphocyte was found in fish immersed with 375 of TCL. However, immersing any various concentration of TCL did not affect on the TPS. In summary, immersing TCL above 375 ppm is beneficial to enhance survival, RBC, WBC, and Hb of Betta sp. How to Cite Nugroho, R. A. , Manurung, H. , Saraswati, D. , Ladyescha, D. & Nur, F. M. (2016). The Effects of Terminalia catappa L. Leaves Extract on the Water Quality Properties, Survival and Blood Profile of Ornamental fish ( Betta sp) Cultured. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education , 8(2), 240-247.
Predicted genetic gains and testing efficiency from two loblolly pine clonal trials

Clonal field trials were established at two sites using rooted cuttings from 450 clones of eight full-sib fami- lies of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Height, survival, fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme), bole straightness, and diameter were measured after four growing seasons. There were significant differences among full-sib families and among clones within families for all traits studied. Moderately high within-family repeatabilities of clone means (0.50 to 0.75) for growth traits and a very high within-family repeat- ability of clone means (0.94) for fusiform rust infection were estimated. When the best eight clones were selected re- gardless of family structure, the volume yield was 52% greater than that of the unimproved seedlings at two sites. Selection of the best two clones from each of four families produced only slightly lower estimated genetic gains than the above scenario. The probability of fusiform rust infection ranged from 0.08 to 0.93 among clones at the South Carolina site. Predicted genetic gain for rust resistance was relatively insensitive to selection intensity, as there were numerous clones with high apparent resistance. The number of ramets per clone necessary to reliably characterize per- formance on one site was estimated to be between four and six. These results contribute to estimates of the gains available from clonal forestry and will help guide clonal testing and selection programs. Implementation of clonal for- estry and cost issues are discussed.
Molecular-Biological Characteristics of Type I, Ovarian Low-Grade Serous and Mucinous Carcinomas and Prospects of Molecular-Targeted Therapy

Two models of carcinogenesis have recently been proposed for ovarian cancer based on the differences in the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Low-grade serous carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma are classified as type I, and high-grade serous carcinoma and high-grade endometrioid carcinoma are classified as type II ovarian cancers. Low-and high-grade serous carcinomas were reported to have independent pathologies based on their morphological characteristics, molecular mechanism of histogenesis, and clinical features. Serial activation of the components of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was observed in low-grade serous carcinomas resistant to existing anticancer drugs, and the efficacy of MEK inhibitors targeting these signals has been demonstrated. The morphology- and molecular biology-based elucidation of the pathology of ovarian cancers might lead to the implementation of personalized treatment through molecular-targeted therapy.
Straining of colloids at textural interfaces

Although natural soil and aquifer systems often contain layers and lenses of contrasting soil texture, relatively little research has focused on the mechanisms of colloid deposition at textural interfaces. Saturated column studies were undertaken to characterize the straining behavior of negatively charged latex colloids (1.1 and 3.0 μm) at textural interfaces. Mechanisms of colloid transport and retention were deduced from measured effluent concentration curves, final spatial distributions in the columns, mass balance information, microscopic examination of deposition behavior in micromodel experiments, and numerical modeling. Transport and deposition of colloids were found to be highly dependent upon the textural interface. Deposition of colloids in a given sand was always most pronounced at the sand (inlet) surface. Here colloids enter a new pore network and are more likely to encounter smaller pores or dead‐end regions of the pore space that contribute to straining. Less deposition occurred at textural interfaces within the column than at the sand surface. We believe that this is due to the fact that advection, dispersion, and size exclusion tend to confine colloid transport to the larger pore networks, thus limiting accessibility to straining sites. Increasing the textural contrast at an interface produced greater colloid deposition when water flowed from coarser‐ to finer‐textured sands. Conversely, when water flowed from finer‐ to coarser‐textured sands, little deposition occurred. Numerical modeling indicates the need to account for blocking (filling) and accessibility of straining sites in layered systems. A previously developed straining model was modified to account for this behavior.
Routine Activities and Proactive Police Activity: A Macro-scale Analysis of Police Searches in London and New York City

This paper explored how city-level changes in routine activities were associated with changes in frequencies of police searches using six years of police records from the London Metropolitan Police Service and the New York City Police Department. Routine activities were operationalised through selecting events that potentially impacted on (a) the street population, (b) the frequency of crime or (c) the level of police activity. OLS regression results indicated that routine activity variables (e.g. day of the week, periods of high demand for police service) can explain a large proportion of the variance in search frequency throughout the year. A complex set of results emerged, revealing cross-national dissimilarities and the differential impact of certain activities (e.g. public holidays). Importantly, temporal frequencies in searches are not reducible to associations between searches and recorded street crime, nor changes in on-street population. Based on the routine activity approach, a theoretical police-action model is proposed.
CYST-THECA RELATIONSHIPS OF GONYAULACALES AND PERIDINIALES (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM BAHÍA CONCEPCIÓN, GULF

Based on samples obtained in 2000-2002 from a 1-cm layer of surface sediment at two sites in Bahia Concepcion in the Gulf of California, cyst-theca relationships were defined from cyst germination assays for Gonyaulax spinifera (= Spiniferites mirabilis), Protoceratium globosum, Preperidinium meunieri (= Dubridinium caperatum), Protoperidinium denticulatum (= Brigantedinium irregulare), and Protoperidinium cf. thorianum. All the taxa are illustrated with photomicrographs and descriptions of the resting and vegetative stages are given, including synonymy, size variation, distribution in Mexico, and global distribution, when known. As a result of cyst germination assays, the previously unknown cyst-theca relationship of P. globosum was described. We also confirmed the presence of the vegetative stage of P. denticulatum in the Gulf of California and heterospory in G. spinifera from Bahia Concepcion. Cultures of G. spinifera and P. globosum were successfully established.
Isotherm, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Selective CO2 Adsorption on Chemically Modified Carbon Surfaces

ABSTRACTDetailed assessments of adsorption properties (isotherm, thermodynamics and kinetics) were carried out on chemically modified activated carbon (AC). Some pretreatment methods prior amination have been used to improve the CO2 selective capture of AC in our previous works. Here, the inter-relationships among the adsorption properties were further investigated and reported. It was found that CO2 molecules bind onto the heterogeneous surfaces of AC in a monolayer pattern as experimental data fit Freundlich isotherm rather than Langmuir. However, Redlich-Peterson, a 3-parameter model provided the best fit. The highest degree of precision of Chi-square analysis professed it as the most efficient error function for the isotherm study. Values of standard entropy showed to be the most significant thermodynamic limiting parameter in the adsorption process, as physisorption was found predominant for CO2 collection at the interface. This observation was corroborated with temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analysis where ca. 86% of adsorbed CO2 were desorbed below 500°C. The kinetic study indicated that CO2-AC interaction follows pseudo-second order while the higher R2 of intraparticle diffusion over Elovich equation confirmed the deduction made from the thermodynamic study. Conclusively, the study of adsorption properties in this work provides useful information for designing proper adsorption reactor and subsequent regeneration of CO2-laden adsorbents at environmental levels.
Selection for predator resistance varies with resource supply in a model adaptive radiation

Background: The bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens diversifies in static laboratory microcosms, giving rise to distinct broth-colonizing ‘smooth’ and biofilm-forming ‘wrinkly spreader’ morphotypes. Growth in the biofilm confers predator resistance, but is energetically costly and therefore constrained by both the nutrient concentration of the growth medium and competition for those nutrients with the smooth population. Question: Does the role of predation during adaptive diversification depend upon resource availability? Organisms: Laboratory populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its protozoan predator Tetrahymena thermophila. Methods: Experimental evolution of bacteria across a gradient of resource supply in the presence and absence of predators. We recorded the effects of predation and resource supply on the frequencies of resistant and susceptible morphotypes at the end of adaptive diversification. Given that there are distinct subclasses within the principal morphological categories, we also recorded changes in total phenotypic diversity. Results: In resource-poor conditions, the broth-colonizing morphotype is preponderant, but as resource supply increases, the frequency of the biofilm-forming morphotype rises. Predation increased the frequency of wrinkly spreaders, with the largest effect at intermediate resource concentrations. Conclusions: Predation extends the range of concentrations that support high phenotypic diversity. Co-existence between different prey phenotypes is more likely at intermediate concentrations than at extremes where one type or the other is in the majority.