Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of targeted human papillomavirus vaccination education among undergraduate college students

Abstract Objective: To design and evaluate pharmacy student-led educational sessions to improve health beliefs about the HPV vaccine in college-aged students. Participants: Students aged 18–26 attending a large, urban university, including 545 respondents to a December 2014 needs assessment survey about HPV-related health beliefs, 131 students participating in educational sessions during 2015–2016 (intervention group), and 369 undergraduate respondents completing the needs assessment survey (control group). Methods: A needs assessment survey was conducted to inform design and implementation of pharmacy student-led educational sessions. A similar survey was administered to students after attending educational sessions. Health beliefs were compared for the intervention versus control group. Results: The intervention group was less likely to report high perceived barriers to HPV vaccination and more likely to report high perceived benefits and intention to vaccinate (if previously unvaccinated). Conclusions: Pharmacy student-led, health belief-based educational sessions were associated with improved health beliefs about HPV vaccination.
Contrast‐enhanced MRI for breast cancer screening

Multiple studies in the first decade of the 21st century have established contrast‐enhanced breast MRI as a screening modality for women with a hereditary or familial increased risk for the development of breast cancer. In recent studies, in women with various risk profiles, the sensitivity ranges between 81% and 100%, which is approximately twice as high as the sensitivity of mammography. The specificity increases in follow‐up rounds to around 97%, with positive predictive values for biopsy in the same range as for mammography. MRI preferentially detects the more aggressive/invasive types of breast cancer, but has a higher sensitivity than mammography for any type of cancer. This performance implies that in women screened with breast MRI, all other examinations must be regarded as supplemental. Mammography may yield ~5% additional cancers, mostly ductal carcinoma in situ, while slightly decreasing specificity and increasing the costs. Ultrasound has no supplemental value when MRI is used. Evidence is mounting that in other groups of women the performance of MRI is likewise superior to more conventional screening techniques. Particularly in women with a personal history of breast cancer, the gain seems to be high, but also in women with a biopsy history of lobular carcinoma in situ and even women at average risk, similar results are reported. Initial outcome studies show that breast MRI detects cancer earlier, which induces a stage‐shift increasing the survival benefit of screening. Cost‐effectiveness is still an issue, particularly for women at lower risk. Since costs of the MRI scan itself are a driving factor, efforts to reduce these costs are essential. The use of abbreviated MRI protocols may enable more widespread use of breast MRI for screening.
Integrated assessment of environmental pollution using diverse sentinel organisms within Basque marine environments

La contaminaci? n de sistemas acu? ticos, debido a su amenaza constante a la salud del medio marino, es uno de los dilemas medioambientales de mayor relevancia. Por ello, diferentes directivas nacionales e internacionales se han desarrollado (ej. Directiva Marco del Agua y Estrategia Marina Europea) con el fin de regular, mitigar y restaurar los efectos de los contaminantes en los sistemas acu? ticos. El principal objetivo de estas medidas legislativas es proveer metodolog? as v? lidas y efectivas basadas en t? cnicas ecosist? micas con el objetivo de gestionar un buen estado de los sistemas acu? ticos. Con este prop? sito, tanto el desarrollo de t? cnicas qu? micas como el progreso de m? todos de efectos biol? gicos son cruciales. Por ello, el objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es la evaluaci? n de la contaminaci? n ambiental a trav? s de la integraci? n de m? todos de efectos biol? gicos (imposex e histopatolog? a) junto con t? cnicas qu? micas en sedimentos y biota. Gracias a este sistema integrador, tanto la evaluaci? n de la exposici? n del tributilesta? o como la salud general de una serie de organismos centinelas podr? an llevarse a cabo en los ambientes marinos del Pa? s Vasco. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que esta metodolog? a integradora es apropiada para la evaluaci? n de la salud del medio marino. Adem? s, esta tesis se? ala la idoneidad de diversas especies como los gaster? podos (Nassarius reticulatus y Nassarius nitidus) para la evaluaci? n de la exposici? n del TBT y el mejill? n (Mytilus galloprovincialis), gobio (Pomatoschistus spp.), merluza (Merluccius merluccius) y lenguado (Solea solea) para la evaluaci? n general de la salud del medio marino. Por otro lado, este trabajo remarca la importancia de determinar los valores de referencia, las interferencias ocasionadas por factores de confusi? n (ej. estaci? n, g? nero, edad, etc.), e incluso los criterios de evaluaci? n ambiental. En definitiva, los descubrimientos de esta tesis doctoral pueden contribuir a una mejor evaluaci? n del medio marino dando respuesta a la legislaci? n ambiental, como por ejemplo, el Descriptor 8 de la Estrategia Marina Europea.
NCOA4 maintains murine erythropoiesis via cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms

Ncoa4 mediates autophagic degradation of ferritin, the cytosolic iron storage complex, to maintain intracellular iron homeostasis. Recent evidence also supports a role for Ncoa4 in systemic iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis. However, the specific contribution and temporal importance of Ncoa4-mediated ferritinophagy in regulating systemic iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis is unclear. Here, we show that Ncoa4 has a critical role in basal systemic iron homeostasis and both cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in murine erythropoiesis. Using an inducible murine model of Ncoa4 knockout, acute systemic disruption of Ncoa4 impaired systemic iron homeostasis leading to tissue ferritin and iron accumulation, a decrease in serum iron, and anemia. Mice acutely depleted of Ncoa4 engaged the Hif2a-erythropoietin system to compensate for anemia. Mice with targeted deletion of Ncoa4 specifically in the erythroid compartment developed a pronounced anemia in the immediate postnatal stage, a mild hypochromic microcytic anemia at adult stages, and were more sensitive to hemolysis with higher requirements for the Hif2a-erythropoietin axis and extramedullary erythropoiesis during recovery. These studies demonstrate the importance of Ncoa4-mediated ferritinophagy as a regulator of systemic iron homeostasis and define the relative cell autonomous and non-autonomous contributions of Ncoa4 in supporting erythropoiesis in vivo.
Temporal trends of decabromodiphenyl ether and emerging brominated flame retardants in dust, air and window surfaces of newly built low‐energy preschools

The envelope of low-energy buildings is generally constructed with significant amounts of plastics, sealants and insulation materials that are known to contain various chemical additives to improve specific functionalities. A commonly used group of additives are flame retardants to prevent the spread of fire. In this study, decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and fourteen emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were analyzed in indoor dust, air and on the window surface of newly built low-energy preschools to study their occurrence and distribution. BDE-209 and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were frequently detected in the indoor dust (BDE-209: <4.1-1200 ng/g, DBDPE: <2.2-420 ng/g) and on window surfaces (BDE-209: <1000-20 000 pg/m2 , DBDPE: <34-5900 pg/m2 ) while the other thirteen BFRs were found in low levels (dust: <0.0020-5.2 ng/g, window surface: 0.0078-35 pg/m2 ). In addition, the detection frequencies of BFRs in the indoor air were low in all preschools. Interestingly, the dust levels of BDE-209 and DBDPE were found to be lower in the environmentally certified low-energy preschools, which could be attributed to stricter requirements on the chemical content in building materials and products. However, an increase of some BFR levels in dust was observed which could imply continuous emissions or introduction of new sources.
Titanium isotopes as a tracer for the plume or island arc affinity of felsic rocks

Significance The debate on the onset of plate tectonics in the Earth’s history has partially originated from the controversial criteria of using felsic crust to trace plate tectonics in the past. Here, we demonstrate how Ti isotope ratios can be used as a proxy for the affinity of felsic rocks to plume or island arc settings. Our study shows that, contrary to what was previously assumed, Ti isotopes cannot serve as a direct evidence for plate tectonics from 3.5 billion years ago, and must be combined with other information on SiO2 contents of crustal rocks to be reliable. Indirect evidence for the presence of a felsic continental crust, such as the elevated 49Ti/47Ti ratios in Archean shales, has been used to argue for ongoing subduction at that time and therefore plate tectonics. However, rocks of intermediate to felsic compositions can be produced in both plume and island arc settings. The fact that Ti behaves differently during magma differentiation in these two geological settings might result in contrasting isotopic signatures. Here, we demonstrate that, at a given SiO2 content, evolved plume rocks (tholeiitic) are more isotopically fractionated in Ti than differentiated island arc rocks (mainly calc-alkaline). We also show that the erosion of crustal rocks from whether plumes (mafic in average) or island arcs (intermediate in average) can all produce sediments having quite constant 49Ti/47Ti ratios being 0.1–0.3 per mille heavier than that of the mantle. This suggests that Ti isotopes are not a direct tracer for the SiO2 contents of crustal rocks. Ti isotopes in crustal sediments are still a potential proxy to identify the geodynamical settings for the formation of the crust but only if combined with additional SiO2 information.
Trypanosoma brucei RRP44 is involved in an early stage of large ribosomal subunit RNA maturation

ABSTRACT Ribosomal RNA precursors undergo a series of structural and chemical modifications to generate matured RNA molecules that will comprise ribosomes. This maturation process involves a large set of accessory proteins as well as ribonucleases, responsible for removal of the external and internal transcribed spacers from the pre-rRNA. Early-diverging eukaryotes belonging to the Kinetoplastida class display several unique characteristics, in particular in terms of RNA synthesis and maturation. These peculiarities include the rRNA biogenesis and the extensive fragmentation of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) rRNA. The role of specific endo- and exonucleases in the maturation of the unusual rRNA precursor of trypanosomatids remains largely unknown. One of the nucleases involved in rRNA processing is Rrp44, an exosome associated ribonuclease in yeast, which is involved in several metabolic RNA pathways. Here, we investigated the function of Trypanosoma brucei RRP44 orthologue (TbRRP44) in rRNA processing. Our results revealed that TbRRP44 depletion causes unusual polysome profile and accumulation of the complete LSU rRNA precursor, in addition to 5.8S maturation impairment. We also determined the crystal structure of TbRRP44 endonucleolytic domain. Structural comparison with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rrp44 revealed differences in the catalytic site and substitutions of surface residues, which could provide molecular bases for the lack of interaction of RRP44 with the exosome complex in T. brucei.
Limited preoperative physical capacity continues to be associated with poor postoperative outcomes within a colorectal ERAS programme

Aim Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes aim to standardise perioperative care leading to optimal patient outcomes. Despite these programmes, variation in outcomes still persists. This study aimed to assess the influence of lifestyle factors on short‐term outcomes after colorectal surgery within this optimal recovery programme. Methods Consecutive patients enrolled on an ERAS pathway who underwent elective colorectal surgery (June 2013 to July 2014) at one site were included. We used data routinely collected by ERAS nurse specialists and during preassessment to analyse association between patient and lifestyle factors and likelihood of developing postoperative complications or having an increased length of stay. Results A total of 199 patients were included: mean age 61.8 years (range 17‐90 years) and 53.8% male. Age, sex, deprivation, smoking status, alcohol intake, body mass index or level of comorbidity were not associated with postoperative complications. Patients reporting limited preoperative physical capacity (unable to climb two flights of stairs) were more than four times as likely to have a postoperative complication on univariate analysis and were found to still have increased risk of postoperative complications on multivariate analysis. Patients reporting limited preoperative physical capacity were shown to have significantly longer hospital stay on univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, limited physical capacity was not associated with prolonged length of stay due to confounding factors of age and deprivation. Conclusions Limited physical capacity was the only patient and lifestyle factor associated with poorer postoperative complications and prolonged hospital stay after elective colorectal surgery within an ERAS programme. Consideration should be given to individualised prehabilitation that aims to increase physical capacity pre‐operatively to improve patient outcomes.
RESPOSTAS DE PLANTAS DE PEPINO À SALINIDADE DA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO

As culturas olericolas mostram-se, no geral, sensiveis aos danos causados pelo excesso de sal depositado no solo, oriundo da agua de irrigacao, principalmente quando cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Para a cultura do pepino existem poucos trabalhos que relacionam a queda no desenvolvimento em funcao da salinidade da agua. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da agua de irrigacao no desenvolvimento e producao do pepino Caipira, cultivado em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em uma casa de vegetacao modelo arco, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (condutividade eletrica da agua de irrigacao de 0,1; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1) e oito repeticoes. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: producao total e comercial; numero de frutos total e comercial; diâmetro do colo da planta; comprimento da haste principal e condutividade eletrica do extrato de saturacao medida tres vezes durante o ciclo de conducao. Apos a colheita foi constatado que houve aumento gradativo da salinidade do solo e consequente reducao linear das producoes total e comercial em funcao da salinidade da agua de irrigacao.
24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol and cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) overexpression promote midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis in vivo

The liver X receptors Lxrα/NR1H3 and Lxrβ/NR1H2 are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors critical for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development. We found previously that 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol (24,25-EC), the most potent and abundant Lxr ligand in the developing mouse midbrain, promotes mDA neurogenesis in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that 24,25-EC promotes mDA neurogenesis in an Lxr-dependent manner in the developing mouse midbrain in vivo and also prevents toxicity induced by the Lxr inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Furthermore, using MS, we show that overexpression of human cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) increases the levels of both 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24-HC) and 24,25-EC in the developing midbrain, resulting in a specific increase in mDA neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo, but has no effect on oculomotor or red nucleus neurogenesis. 24-HC, unlike 24,25-EC, did not affect in vitro neurogenesis, indicating that the neurogenic effect of 24,25-EC on mDA neurons is specific. Combined, our results indicate that increased levels of 24,25-EC in vivo, by intracerebroventricular delivery in WT mice or by overexpression of its biosynthetic enzyme CYP46A1, specifically promote mDA neurogenesis. We propose that increasing the levels of 24,25-EC in vivo may be a useful strategy to combat the loss of mDA neurons in Parkinson's disease.
Defining the relationship between arm and leg blood pressure readings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES To define the relationship between arm and leg blood pressure (BP) to inform the interpretation of leg BP readings in routine clinical practice where arm readings are not available. METHODS Systematic review of all existing studies comparing arm and leg BP measurements. A search strategy was designed in MEDLINE and adapted to be run across six further databases. Articles were deemed eligible for inclusion if they measured and reported arm and leg BP taken in the supine position and/or the difference between the two. Mean values for arm-leg BP difference and measures of precision [95% confidence intervals (CIs) or SD] were extracted and entered into a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 887 articles were screened and 44 were included in the descriptive analyses, including 9771 patients. In the general population, ankle SBP was 17.0 mmHg (95% CI 15.4-21.3 mmHg) higher than arm BP in the supine position. For DBP, there was no difference between arm and ankle BP (-0.3 mmHg, 95% CI -1.5-1.0 mmHg). In patients with vascular disease, SBP was -33.3 mmHg (95% CI -59.1 to -7.6 mmHg) lower in the ankle compared with the arm. CONCLUSION This is the first review to provide empirical data defining the difference between BP in the arm and leg in the general population. Findings suggest a diagnostic threshold of 155/90 mmHg could be used for diagnosing hypertension when only ankle measurements are available in routine practice.
The Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (PPRQ): psychometric evaluation and revision for use in neurological rehabilitation

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (PPRQ) in neurological rehabilitation using statistical methods taking the ordinal nature of data into account. Methods: A cross-sectional postal questionnaire study was conducted. In total, 522 patients from a neurological rehabilitation unit completed the 32-item version of the PPRQ. The PPRQ comprises five scales and assesses patients’ experiences of participation in their rehabilitation. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the factor structure according to the hypothetical five-scale model. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by ordinal α, and test–retest reliability was evaluated by weighted kappa statistics and intraclass correlations (ICC). Results: After omitting 12 items, a 20-item version with the five hypothetical scales showed acceptable fit for the PPRQ (RMSEA = 0.067, CFI = 0.983, TLI = 0.979). For each scale, both internal consistency and test–retest reliability were good to excellent (ordinal α = 0.88–0.93, ICC = 0.83–0.90). Conclusions: The revised version of the PPRQ shows sound psychometric properties and is a potential questionnaire for the evaluation of patients’ experiences of participation in neurological rehabilitation. The PPRQ can provide insight into central aspects that are crucial for the patients’ participation, namely Respect and integrity, Planning and decision-making, Information and knowledge, Motivation and encouragement, and Involvement of family. Implications for Rehabilitation Patient participation in rehabilitation is a multidimensional concept that can be assessed by the revised Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (PPRQ). The revised PPRQ shows sound psychometric properties for persons undergone neurological rehabilitation. The revised PPRQ still covers five central aspects of patient participation: Respect and integrity, Planning and decision-making, Information and knowledge, Motivation and encouragement, and Involvement of family. Assessments with the revised PPRQ can provide insight into the patients’ experiences of central aspects that are crucial for participation in their own rehabilitation.
The elemental mechanism of transcriptional pausing

Transcriptional pausing underpins regulation of cellular RNA biogenesis. A consensus pause sequence that acts on RNA polymerases (RNAPs) from bacteria to mammals halts RNAP in an elemental paused state from which longer-lived pauses can arise. Although the structural foundations of pauses prolonged by backtracking or nascent RNA hairpins are recognized, the fundamental mechanism of the elemental pause is less well-defined. Here we report a mechanistic dissection that establishes the elemental pause signal (i) is multipartite; (ii) causes a modest conformational shift that puts RNAP in an off-pathway state in which template base loading but not RNA translocation is inhibited; and (iii) can easily enter pretranslocated and one-base-pair backtracked states despite principally occupying the half-translocated state observed in cryo-EM structures of paused RNAPs. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the elemental pause and a framework to understand how pausing is modulated by sequence, cellular conditions, and regulators.
Verifying Data-Oriented Gadgets in Binary Programs to Build Data-Only Exploits

Sisco, Zachary David. M.S. Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University, 2018. Verifying Data-Oriented Gadgets in Binary Programs to Build Data-Only Exploits. Data-Oriented Programming (DOP) is a data-only code-reuse exploit technique that “stitches” together sequences of instructions to alter a program’s data flow to cause harm. DOP attacks are difficult to mitigate because they respect the legitimate control flow of a program and by-pass memory protection schemes such as Address Space Layout Randomization, Data Execution Prevention, and Control Flow Integrity. Techniques that describe how to build DOP payloads rely on a program’s source code. This research explores the feasibility of constructing DOP exploits without source code—that is, using only binary representations of programs. The lack of semantic and type information introduces difficulties in identifying data-oriented gadgets and their properties. This research uses binary program analysis techniques and formal methods to identify and verify data-oriented gadgets, and determine if they are reachable and executable from a given memory corruption vulnerability. This information guides the construction of DOP attacks without the need for source code, showing that common-off-the-shelf programs are also vulnerable to this class of exploit.