Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary results on exogenous ghrelin administration via stomach tube influence on the crypt cell proliferation in the small intestine mucosa of neonatal piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the exogenous ghrelin effect on proliferation in the small intestinal mucosa, body and organs weight of neonatal piglets. Four groups (n=6) of pig neonates were examined: sow reared (C7SR), fed with milk formula (C7), fed with milk formula + ghrelin administrated via stomach tube in the dose of: 7.5 μg/kg body weight (BW) (G7.5) and 15 μg/kg BW (G15). Milk formula feeding (C7) strongly decreased mitotic rate in all parts of jejunum as compared to C7SR. Ghrelin treatment (G7.5) had a pro mitotic effect on the middle part of the small intestine (P<0.0001) as compared to C7. G15 treatment strongly increased the mitotic activity as compared to C7 (P<0.0001) and C7SR (P<0.0001). Unlike other forms of treatment in G15 mitotic activity was constant along all parts of small intestine. Moreover, ghrelin treatment decreased BW and increased stomach weight. In conclusion, exogenous ghrelin administrated in the dose of 15 μg/kg BW for 6 days resulted in the increase of the crypt cell proliferation in the small intestine mucosa of neonatal piglets.
The Gulf of Mexico and Canada Basin: Genetic Siblings on Either Side of North America

The Gulf of Mexico and Canada Basin are small oceans located in back-arc settings of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean, at the northern and southern tip of the North American craton. Both are pronounced rotational, pie-shaped basins, with their distal ends bounded by major transforms, and both opened by ~70° counter-clockwise rotation of micro-continents away from the craton. While they formed synchronously with elements of the Central and North Atlantic, their oceanic crust never connected with that of the Atlantic. Both oceans were periodically confined, with important implications for the paleoenvironment and petroleum system. Their North American affinity resulted in a number of intriguing similarities, such as timing and magnitude of main sediment influx. We argue for a genetic relationship between the geometry and kinematics of these pie-shaped oceans, their proneness to confinement, and their backarc setting. In contrast to common backarc basins, the Gulf of Mexico and Canada Basin had spreading ridges oriented nearly orthogonally to the PaleoPacific subduction direction. This distinctive high-angle back-arc development may be due to “Wilson Cycle” reactivation of orogenic belts intersecting the Paleo-Pacific margin, and/or to interaction between descending slabs beneath adjacent cratonic masses, and may apply to other examples worldwide, such as the South China Sea.
Long-term efficacy of low level laser therapy in women with fibromyalgia: A placebo-controlled study

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in fibromyalgia patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four fibromyalgia patients were randomly assigned to LLLT (n =1 6) and placebo laser groups (n =1 6). Outcome measures included number of tender points (NTP), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), morning stiffness, global improvement as reported on a verbal scale (VSGI), and total myalgia score. Clinical evaluations were performed before, immediately after, and six months after the treatment. Results: In the LLLT group, significant improvement was observed in clinical parameters at the end of the treatment ( p< 0.01). On the other hand, significant improvements were observed only in the number of tender points and morning stiffness in the placebo group ( p< 0.05). In comparing the groups, significant improvements were detected in scores of FIQ, VSGI, and total myalgia in the active laser group ( p< 0.05). The clinical evaluations performed after six months demonstrated improvements in the clinical parameters only in the LLLT group ( p< 0.05). When the groups were compared with each other, significant improvements were found in the LLLT group ( p< 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that LLLT has both short- and long-term effectiveness in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
Corporate governance and firm performance: Evidence from Ghanaian listed companies

Well governed firms have been noted to have higher firm performance. The main characteristic of corporate governance identified include board size, board composition, and whether the CEO is also the board chairman. This study examines the role corporate governance structures play in firm performance amongst listed firms on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Results reveal a likely optimal board size range where mean ROA levels associated with board size 8 to 11 are higher than overall mean ROA for the sample. Significantly, firm performance is found to be better in firms with the twotier board structure. Results show further that having more outside board members is positively related to firm performance. It is clear that corporate governance structures influence firm performance in Ghana, indeed within the governance structures the two-tier board structure in Ghana is seen to be more effective in view of the higher firm level mean values obtained compared to the one-tier system.
A Meta-Analysis of Government-Sponsored Training Programs

This study uses meta-analysis to synthesize findings from 31 evaluations of 15 voluntary government-funded training programs for the disadvantaged that operated between 1964 and 1998. On average, the earnings effects of the evaluated programs seem to have been largest for women, quite modest for men, and negligible for youths. For men and women, the earnings effects of training appear to have persisted for at least several years after the training was complete. Classroom skills training was apparently effective in increasing earnings, but basic education was not. There is no evidence that more expensive training programs performed better than less expensive ones. Although the United States has more than three decades of experience in running training programs, the programs do not appear to have become more effective over time.
title : The pernicious problem of streambed colmation : a multi-disciplinary reflection on the mechanisms , causes , impacts , and management challenges

The accumulation of fine sediments in rivers is a pernicious problem with wide-ranging consequences for the healthy functioning of rivers throughout the world. It is linked to a range of landuse changes and human activities that have increased sediment inputs leading to elevated fine sediment loads that exceed the sediment transport capacities of rivers. Surficial deposits of fine material can also create the conditions for fine sediment to move into and accumulate within the coarser bed substrate, a process known as colmation and the focus of this review. Colmation, also referred to as clogging, fine sediment infiltration, fine sediment deposition, ingress, infilling, intrusion of fines, siltation, and the surface-subsurface exchange of particles, is particularly damaging to river habitats and ecosystems. It causes degradation through the physical effects of reduced porosity and flow connectivity and the biogeochemical changes arising from the hydraulic and hydrological impacts and the effects of sediment-bound contaminants, all of which can impact on river ecology. Different aspects of the phenomenon of colmation have been studied across a number of disciplines and over several decades and this paper synthesizes this wide literature to provide a multidisciplinary perspective on the mechanisms, causes and impacts of colmation and discusses some key management challenges.
Effect of Saturated Near Surface on Nitrate and Ammonia Nitrogen Losses in Surface Runoff at the Loess Soil Hillslope

Water pollution from agricultural fields is a global problem and cause of eutrophication of surface waters. A laboratory study was designed to evaluate the effects of near-surface hydraulic gradients on NO3–N and NH4–N losses in surface runoff from soil boxes at 27% slope undersimulated rainfall of a loess soil hillslope. Experimental treatments included two near-surface hydraulic gradients (free drainage, FD; saturation, SA), three fertilizer application rates (control, no fertilizer input; low, 120 kg N ha-1; high, 240 kg N ha-1), and simulated rainfall of 100 mm h-1 was applied for 70 min. The results showed that saturated near-surface soil moisture had dramatic effects on NO3–N and NH4–N losses and water quality. Under the low fertilizer treatment, average NO3–N concentrations in runoff water of SA averaged 2.2 times greater than that of FD, 1.6 times greater for NH4–N. Under the high fertilizer treatment, NO3–N concentrations in runoff water from SA averaged 5.7 times greater than that of FD, 4.3 times greater for NH4–N. Nitrogen loss formed with NO3–N is dominant during the event, but not NH4–N. Under the SA condition, the total loss of NO3–N from low fertilizer treatment was 34.2 to 42.3% of applied nitrogen, while under the FD treatment that was 3.9 to 6.9%. However, the total loss of NH4–N was less than 1% of applied nitrogen. These results showed that saturated condition could make significant contribution to water quality problems.
Appraisal of Non-Cardiovascular Safety for Sodium–Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trials

Background: Whereas the cardiovascular safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has been well reported, there is limited data from controlled clinical trials regarding the non-cardiovascular safety. This was the focus of our study. Methods and Findings: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (5th Sep 2018) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported safety data for SGLT2 inhibitors and placebo. Relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Seventy RCTs (83 studies enrolling 36,958 patients in 78 publications) were identified. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of serious adverse events (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.94, P < 0.001), death (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.94, P < 0.05), gastroenteritis (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.72, P < 0.05), arthralgia (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.96, P < 0.05), hypertension (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.75, P < 0.001), and edema/peripheral edema (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.72, P < 0.001) compared to placebo. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with higher risk of infections compared to placebo (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.37, P < 0.001), especially for genital mycotic infection (GMI) (RR 3.71, 95% CI 3.19 to 4.32, P < 0.001). Other significant effects were observed for osmotic diuresis–related AEs (RR 2.73, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.40, P < 0.001), volume-related AEs (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.46, P < 0.05), renal-related AEs (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.80, P < 0.05), hypoglycemia (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.26, P < 0.001), and increased blood ketone bodies (RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.97, P < 0.05). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses strengthened the robustness of primary results. Conclusion: Results from RCTs confirmed lower risk of death, serious adverse events, hypertension, and edema associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors when compared with placebo. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with higher risk of infection, osmotic diuresis, volume depletion effects, renal related AEs, and higher blood ketone bodies when compared with placebo.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP AMONGST DECISION-MAKING STRATEGIES AND EGO IDENTITY STATUSES teria of these processes , Marcia formulated four different identity statuses : Identity Achievement , Moratorium , Foreclosure , and Identity Diffusion

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the relations amongst four general decision making styles and ego identity statuses. Measures of DecisionMaking Strategies (Kuzgun, 2005) and Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity StatusEOMEIS (Oskay, 1997) were administrated to 298 Turkish freshmen university students (168 female and 130 male). A canonical analysis was performed to examine the relationships between the two sets of the variables. The results indicated that identityachievement status was positively related to rational decisionmaking style, but it was negatively related to dependent and indecisiveness styles. Diffusion, foreclosure and moratorium statuses were positively related to the intuitive and indecisiveness styles. The results were discussed in relation to the relevant literature and the suggestions were presented for future research.
The Role of the IGF-1 Signaling Cascade in Muscle Protein Synthesis and Anabolic Resistance in Aging Skeletal Muscle

Sarcopenia is defined as the combined loss of skeletal muscle strength, function, and/or mass with aging. This degenerative loss of muscle mass is associated with poor quality of life and early mortality humans. The loss of muscle mass occurs due to acute changes in daily muscle net protein balance (NPB). It is generally believed a poor NPB occurs due to reduced muscle protein synthetic responses to exercise, dietary amino acid availability, or an insensitivity of insulin to suppress breakdown. Hence, aging muscles appear to be resistant to the anabolic action of exercise and protein (amino acids or hormonal) when compared to their younger counterparts. The mechanisms that underpin anabolic resistance to anabolic stimuli (protein and resistance exercise) are multifactorial and may be partly driven by poor lifestyle choices (increased sedentary time and reduced dietary protein intake) as well as an inherent dysregulated mechanism in old muscles irrespective of the environmental stimuli. The insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Akt /Protein Kinase B and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is the primary driver between mechanical contraction and protein synthesis and may be a site of dysregulation between old and younger people. Therefore, our review aims to describe and summarize the differences seen in older muscle in this pathway in response to resistance exercise (RE) and describe approaches that researchers have sought out to maximize the response in muscle. Furthermore, this review will present the hypothesis that inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) may be implicated in IGF-1 signaling and thus sarcopenia, based on recent evidence that IGF-1 and insulin share some intracellular bound signaling events and that IP6K1 has been implicated in skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
Inertial collisions in random flows

In nature, suspensions of small particles in fluids are common. An important example are rain droplets suspended in turbulent clouds. Such clouds can start to rain very quickly and the reason for this is still not fully explained, but it is believed that the turbulent motion in the cloud plays an important role. This thesis gives an introduction to the model we use to describe inertial particles suspended in such systems and some results coming from this model. We identify a general behavior of the particle motion which is asymptotically correct independent of how the fluid velocity is generated and on the equation of motion of the suspended particles. This asymptotic behavior can be matched to other limiting cases where the details of the system are important. This allows us to calculate an asymptotically correct distribution of particle separations and relative velocities in a form which is universally valid. The form of the distribution depends on the phase-space fractal dimension, which describes the degree upon which particles cluster in phase-space, and on d scales at which the asymptotes are matched, where d is the spatial dimension. If the fluid velocity gradients consist of white-noise, the phase-space fractal dimension and the single matching scale can be calculated analytically in one spatial dimension. We introduce a new series expansion around deterministic particle trajectories. The expansion is done in terms of the magnitude of typical fluctuations of the fluid velocity at a fixed position. If typical fluctuations are small, we can calculate statistical quantities averaged along particle trajectories. In particular, we can calculate the degree of clustering for particles of general inertia in this limit.
Extended ionized gas in elliptical galaxies ? II. Velocity and monochromatic maps of 11 elliptical and lenticular galaxies

For the last ten years faint ionized gas detec- tion has been carried out for elliptical galaxies with suc- cess. The kinematics is essential to understand galaxy gas origin and fate. Here we present a sample of 11 elliptical and lenticular galaxies observed with the \Cigale" scan- ning Perot-Fabry instrument. For each galaxy monochro- matic and velocity map of ionized gas is presented. Geometrical properties such as viewing angles and axis ratios are also derived from observations. Double gaseous components are found in 3 galaxies of our sample, imply- ing an external origin for at least part of the observed gas.
Toxic Effect of Babesiosis in Cattle and Chemotherapiotic Treatment in Egypt

Babesia bigemina plays an important role in causing liver and kidney dysfunction in affected animals. The aim of this study evaluating the toxic effect of babesiosis on liver and kidney by measuring biochemical parameters and pathological tissue changes in infected animals with B. Bigemina and chose the best method of treatment. A total of 40 cattle age 1-3 years 30 were suffered from increase in temperatures, off food, Hemoglobin urea, red water from endemic area with babesia. Take sample from infected animals & examine it with microscopic examination found babesia bigemina and confirm by inoculation of heparinized blood from this animals in rats and found rats death at fifth day from infection and histopathological exam found babesia in piroplasma form in pathological tissue of rat's liver & kidney. The infected animals were divided into three groups each group 10 animals untreated group use as control positive and treated groups divided into two groups first group treated with imidocarb only and the second group use imidocarb and lincomcyn as antibiotic drug and compare between two groups by measuring liver& kidney function improvement and compare two groups with negative and positive group which method of treatment more effective in treatment of babesia & decrease toxic effect of babesia.
Learning by Doing – Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives Development in China

In many of the developing (transition) countries, government is promoting the use of cooperatives as organizations that can help enhance the development of farmers and other communities. Agricultural cooperatives are believed to function as a tool for the government in promoting the economic and social development, in particular by creating employment, generating income, eradicating poverty and strengthen farmers’ (market) power within the modern value chain. As for most transitional countries, Chinese government played a primary important role in agricultural cooperatives development. The government attempted to restructure the agro-food system to a modernized and industrialized one by supporting farmer cooperatives and producer organizations. Since the first “Law of Farmer Professional Cooperatives” (FPCs) was enacted in 2007, FPCs could enter into complex contracts and the development of cooperatives entered a new era. In 2003, there were more than 100 thousand producer associations and cooperatives in China (World Bank, 2003). Shen et al (2005) estimated that 2.91 percent of the farmers and about 10 percent of villages in China were members of FPCs in 2003. In June 2010, the number of FPCs was more than 310 thousands, which provided services to about 26 million farm households (covering almost 10 percent of farm households)1 . According to the insiders, at least one third of those FPCs only exist on the “paper”, another one third does not strongly meet the “cooperatives principles”, and only last one third of FPCs are functioning properly
A new all-sky map of Galactic high-velocity clouds from the 21-cm HI4PI survey

High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are neutral or ionised gas clouds in the vicinity of the Milky Way that are characterised by high radial velocities inconsistent with participation in the regular rotation of the Galactic disc. Previous attempts to create a homogeneous all-sky HI map of HVCs have been hampered by a combination of poor angular resolution, limited surface brightness sensitivity and suboptimal sampling. Here, a new and improved HI map of Galactic HVCs based on the all-sky HI4PI survey is presented. The new map is fully sampled and provides significantly better angular resolution (16.2 versus 36 arcmin) and column density sensitivity (2.3 versus 3.7 * 10^18 cm^-2 at the native resolution) than the previously available LAB survey. The new HVC map resolves many of the major HVC complexes in the sky into an intricate network of narrow HI filaments and clumps that were not previously resolved by the LAB survey. The resulting sky coverage fraction of high-velocity HI emission above a column density level of 2 * 10^18 cm^-2 is approximately 15 per cent, which reduces to about 13 per cent when the Magellanic Clouds and other non-HVC emission are removed. The differential sky coverage fraction as a function of column density obeys a truncated power law with an exponent of -0.93 and a turnover point at about 5 * 10^19 cm^-2. HI column density and velocity maps of the HVC sky are made publicly available as FITS images for scientific use by the community.
Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of HSP70 gene from sweet potato

The 70-kDa heat shock protein is a key factor for stress resistance and cellular network of plant. It plays an important role in protein assembly, folding, localization, degradation, tumor immunity etc. In this study, the complete HSP70-coding sequences were cloned from sweet potato by RT-PCR. They contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 1959 bp coding for a peptide of 652 amino acids with a molecular mass of 71.39 kD. Sequence analysis showed that sweet potato HSP70 gene has high homology with other plantHSP70 genes. The results from quantitative real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that the transcription level of the HSP70 gene in initial tuberous roots was much higher than that in young leaves, stems, mature leaves and fibrous roots. HSP70 gene was inserted into the vector pET-32a(+) by SLIC (sequence and ligation independent cloning) and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Key words: Sweet potato, HSP70 gene, gene cloning, gene expression, quantitative RT-PCR analysis.