Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Methods of RNA Extraction From Breast and Gastric Cancer Tissues

Introduction The first step in gene expression and molecular research study is having a good purity and quality of extracted RNA (1,2). Relatively, RNA has an unstable and sensitive structure in comparison with DNA. RNase enzyme can degrade RNA easily. In this account, compatible RNA extraction techniques with high quality in many applications have been considered with much attention recently (3,4). The RNA extraction from various tissues and cells is different and is associated with their certain situations. Therefore, optimization of the extraction of RNA from animal and human tissues (especially cancerous tissues) is specifically challenging and important in some cases (5,6). As it was mentioned, the expression level of RNA is a good indicator of physiological status of cells and tissues and the accuracy of gene expression measurement is greatly affected by the quantity and quality of extracted RNA (7,8). Relatively, success in each analysis (e.g. realtime PCR, microarray etc) is based on the purity and integrity of extracted RNA and appropriate quantity (9,10). In recent years, the quality and quantity of RNA analysis are important parts of studies which are assigned to different methods of extraction. For example, using homogenizer or liquid nitrogen in order to grind the samples can create different quality and quantity of RNA (11,12). The source of RNA (human, plants, tissues, cells etc) for extraction affects the quantity and quality of final product. Correspondingly, using Trizol commercial solution for extracting RNA obtain lower quality of RNA compared with column-based techniques (13,14). Since the extraction of RNA from human tissue specimens, which are extremely valuable, is the starting point in studies such as the study of gene expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimization of RNA extraction methods in gastric and breast cancer tissues and also the evaluation of extracted RNA, employing HER2 gene by TaqMan assay.
Interrelationships among yield and yield components in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L . ) under irrigated and rainfed conditions

Twenty chickpea genotypes were tested as independent experiments under rainfed and irrigated conditions during 2013-14 at The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Data was recorded on 16 metric traits viz. number of primary and secondary branches plant, pods plant, seeds pod, seed weight pod, 100-grain weight, above ground biomass, seed yield and harvest index. The results of correlation analysis showed that seed yield plant had strong positive genotypic association with pods plant, seed weight pod, 100 seed weight and biological yield under both production environments and high positive genotypic association with secondary branches plant , seeds pod, biological yield and harvest index under irrigated condition only. Path coefficient analysis confirmed the true relationship of pods plant, seed weight pod, under irrigated condition and seed weight pod, harvest index and above ground biomass under rainfed condition. Hence, these characters could be used as selection criterion for further improvement in seed yield of chickpea.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS IN FAMILY CONTROLLED FIRMS : EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA E i-Yet Chu

The hypothesis of financial constraints suggests that firms will be denied profitable investment due to inaccessible to external capital markets as debt and equity financing are no longer perfect substitutions after firms utilize internal capital. In view of reduced investments during global financial crisis in 2008-2009, the study investigates 157 firms, whether they face the issues of financial constraints in Malaysia. In general, non-family firms rely heavily on the external debt market while family controlled firms utilizing internal cash and reducing their dependence on debt market for their investments, confirming financial constraints in family firms. However, the presence of CEO duality does not exaggerate the problem of financial constraints, but rather leads family firms to become stagnant in their investments. Independent directors appear to be ineffective in governing family firms in issuing finances for investment. Apparently, their presence in family firms reduces firms’ investment opportunities either through internal cash and external debt financing, which could reduce shareholders’ value in the long-term.
Scalable performance analysis of wireless sensor networks

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Origin of organic carbon as a driver of variability of carbon decomposition and storage in lakes

Lakes are becoming recognized as important carbon sinks, as they store large amounts of carbon relative to their surface area. However, the processes regulating carbon sequestration in lakes are much less well understood than those of other ecosystems. This study explores the influence of the origin of organic matter on decomposition in lakes – specifically that recalcitrant terrestrial carbon may lead to increased carbon storage in lakes. In this study, the rate of DIC increase was measured in 10 lakes across a gradient of terrestrial carbon input. As hypolimnion water color (g440) increased, the rate of DIC build-up in the hypolimnion was also found to increase. However, the rate of DIC build-up did not increase with increasing chlorophyll a, suggesting that decomposition in lakes is primarily driven by terrestrial, rather than aquatic carbon inputs. Introduction Lakes store a disproportionately large amount of carbon relative to their surface area, and they tend to store more carbon than other kinds of aquatic ecosystems (Dean and Gorham 1998). Globally, lakes cover only 3% of the surface area, but they accumulate about 42 Tg of organic carbon per year, although this is likely an underestimate of modern organic carbon burial (Kalff 2001, Dean and Gorham 1998, Heathcote et al. 2015). In comparison, oceans, which cover over 70% of Earth’s surface, only accumulate about 100 Tg of organic carbon per year (Dean and Gorham 1998). Lakes in the Northern Highland Lake District cover only 35% of the surface area, but they store 80% of the carbon (Buffam et al. 2011). Even though lakes store so much carbon, much less is known about carbon sequestration in lakes than in terrestrial ecosystems and oceans, and there are still many unknowns regarding the processes governing carbon sequestration in lakes (Dean and Gorham 1998, Ferland et al. 2014).
An Evaluation of the Significance of High SAAG Value ( 1 . 1 gm / dl ) as a Predictor of Portal Hypertension and low SAAG Value as a Predictor of Absence of Portal Hypertension

Original Research Article This cross sectional analytic study was conducted in the department of Pediatrics, Bangabandu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Dhaka Shishu Hospital of Bangladesh for a period from January 2017 to June 2018. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the significance of high SAAG value as a predictor of portal hypertension, manifested by oesophageal varices and low SAAG value as a predictor of absence of portal hypertension. A total of 55 patients were studied. Among them, 31 were chronic liver disease patients with ascites and rest 24 patients were nephrotic syndrome patients with ascites. The mean age of the patients was 8.3±3.6 years. In the study 81% of the patients with chronic liver disease were found to have high SAAG (1.1gm/dl) and 100% of the nephrotic syndrome patients were found to have low SAAG (<1.1gm/dl). Mean SAAG value of patients with chronic liver disease was significantly higher than that of nephrotic syndrome patients. This finding indicates that portal hypertension is the cause of this difference among the two transudative causes of ascites. By upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, oesophageal varices were found in 81% of the high SAAG patients with chronic liver disease whereas oesophageal varices was found only in 17% of low SAAG patients with chronic liver disease. This finding indicates that oesophageal varices are associated with high SAAG value. The mean SAAG value of chronic liver disease patients with oesophageal varices were significantly higher than that of patients with nephrotic syndrome. But the mean SAAG value of both chronic liver disease patients and nephrotic syndrome patients without oesophageal varices were low and no significant difference of SAAG value was found among them. The SAAG value of 1.1 gm/dl will differentiate chronic liver disease with oesophageal varices from those without oesophageal varices. In this study predicting oesophageal variceal sensitivity (76%) was found reasonable, specificity (83%) good and high positive predictive value (95%) was found. Key word: Hypertension, Transudative, Oesophageal, Serum Ascitic Albumin Gradient (SAAG). Copyright @ 2019: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use (NonCommercial, or CC-BY-NC) provided the original author and source are credited.
Leveraging Structure for Generalization and Prediction in Visual System

Our surrounding world is highly structured. Humans have a great capacity of understanding and leveraging those structures to generalize to novel scenarios and to predict the future. The thesis studies how computer vision systems benefit from a similar process – leveraging inherent structures in data to improve generalization and prediction capacity. It focuses on two specific aspects: zero-shot recognition using categorical structures which is explicitly specified by knowledge graphs; video predictions by leveraging the implicit physical structures among entities. Both methods are based on the scalable machine learning framework, graph neural network, to directly learn structures from large-scale data. In zero-shot recognition, we have shown that accuracy improves significantly and is more robust due to external knowledge in the knowledge graph. In video prediction, we have found the long-term prediction is significantly sharper when factoring the structure among entities.
Perception of Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian sibilants: Heritage U.S. vs. homeland speakers. A pilot study

Many dialectal varieties of Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) show some level of merger of standard BCS alveolo-palatal and hard post-alveolar affricate series.This paper reports the results of a pilot study of the perception of BCS sibilants by heritage speakers in the United States. Twenty speakers were given a forced identification task. Results indicate that second generation heritage speakers are worse in performance than first generation heritage speakers. Additionally, heritage Croatian and Bosnian speakers across generations perform worse than heritage Serbian speakers.
Direct Modeling of Flight Time Uncertainty as a Function of Flight Condition and Weather Forecast

This study presents a direct prediction model of flight time uncertainty as a function of flight condition and weather forecast information at an arbitrary flight distance. Due to fluctuations in meteorological conditions, flight time uncertainty increase is unavoidable despite constant monitoring and control of the aircraft’s Mach number, flight altitude, and direction. Using secondary surveillance radar Mode S and numerical weather forecast, actual flight data are collected and processed in order to obtain a large dataset regarding flight time error and flight and meteorological conditions. The law of propagation of uncertainty is utilized to derive a mathematical model of flight time uncertainty as a function of ground speed, Mach number, flight distance, wind, temperature, and pressure altitude. Through cluster and linear regression analyses, the coefficients of the derived function are determined, taking into consideration the correlation between temperature and pressure altitude. Upon evaluation, the proposed model function is found to directly predict flight time uncertainty, without underestimation or overestimation even under moderate or severe weather conditions, at an arbitrary distance. The results show that the direct prediction model simultaneously improves the safety and efficiency of 4D trajectory management. Keywords-air traffic management; 4D trajectory management; flight time uncertainty; modeling and validation
“ NUTRI-CHIKA : Usapan Tungkol at para sa Nutrisyon ” an interprofessional community nutrition program – a health outcome evaluation

Introduction This study measured the impact and outcome of an inter-professional community nutrition program labeled as “NUTRI-CHIKA: Usapan Tungkol at para sa Nutrisyon. ” The program was a multidisciplinary approach towards the attainment of proper nutrition for identified malnourished preschool age children in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal. Methods This was a mixed quantitative-qualitative program evaluation. The quantitative part consisted of a longitudinal observational study design, which reviewed the data of the children who received the nutritional intervention. The qualitative study was done with a phenomenological approach, using a thematic analysis for the process and impact evaluation by means of a focus group discussion and key informant interview processes. Results There was a statistically significant increase in weight (2.32 kg) and height (3.04 cm) in terms of Z-scores. A total of 29 out of 30 malnourished children graduated with 1 to 3 degrees of improvement in their Z-scores. The program impact showed 1) overall improvement of the state of health of the children; 2) inculcation of family values, which emphasized the giving of more quality time of parents to their children, and teaching them to socialize and be courteous; and 3) better orientation of the children towards more nutritious food choices. The process evaluation focused on the positive disposition of the inter-professional collaboration and brought out transference of this attitude to the children and parents. Conclusion “NUTRI-CHIKA: Usapan Tungkol at Para sa Nutrisyon” achieved its program objectives and impacted on the family and community, improving the overall state of health of the children and providing positive disposition and family values to the participants.
IZA DP No . 11406 Intergenerational Earnings Persistence and Economic Inequality in the Long-Run : Evidence from French Cohorts , 1931-1975 MARCH 2018

IZA DP No. 11406 MARCH 2018 Intergenerational Earnings Persistence and Economic Inequality in the Long-Run: Evidence from French Cohorts, 1931-1975* This paper analyzes long-term trends in intergenerational earnings persistence in France for male cohorts born between 1931 and 1975. This time period has witnessed important changes in the French labor market and educational system, in particular an important compression of earnings differentials as well as a large expansion in access to secondary and higher education. Using a two-sample instrumental variables approach, I estimate two measures of intergenerational economic persistence: the intergenerational earnings elasticity (IGE) and the intergenerational correlation (IGC). Over the period, the IGE exhibits a V-shaped pattern. It falls from a high of value of . 6 for cohorts born in the 1930s to around . 4 for those born in the 1950s, but subsequently rises to a level close to the beginning of the period. In contrast, the IGC remains relatively stable over the period. This suggests that changes in the IGE are partly driven by transitory responses to changes in cross-sectional inequality rather than long-term changes in the degree of intergenerational persistence. JEL Classification: D1, D3, J3
GENETIC VARIATION FOR SEED FIBRE CONTENT IN A COLLECTION OF EUROPEAN WINTER OILSEED RAPE MATERIAL ( BRASSICA NAPUS L . )

The oil extracted meal from oilseed rape provides an important protein-rich animal feed. However, compared to soybean meal, crude fibre content of oilseed rape meal is high. Breeding of yellow seeded oilseed rape is one approach to reduce the content of lignin, which is mainly located in the seed coat. Taking advantage of natural genetic variation for neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) among black seeded germplasm may complement this approach. The objective of the present study was to analyse the genetic variation for and the environmental influence on the NDF, ADF and ADL content of 28 current winter oilseed rape cultivars tested in 2008/09 in field experiments at six different locations in Germany. Results showed a large genetic variation for NDF, ADF and ADL contents among current winter oilseed rape cultivars which can be used to develop new improved cultivars with reduced crude fibre content.
Effects of co-administered dexamethasone and diclofenac sodium on pain, swelling and trismus following third molar surgery

Background:The synergism between the action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and steroids suggest that co-therapy may provide beneficial inflammatory and pain relief in the absence of side effects. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of co-administered dexamethasone and diclofenac sodium (diclofenac Na) with diclofenac Na alone on the postoperative pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of third molars.Methods:A prospective randomized study was conducted at the clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry College/ Mustansirya University. A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups, the first were given dexamethasone (30 minutes preoperative 8 mg and postoperative 4 mg IV 6 hours postoperatively in two doses) and oral dose of diclofenac Na 50 mg 30 minutes before and after surgery, while the second group were given 50 mg diclofenac Na orally alone 30 minutes before and after surgery (as with first group). The overall analgesic effect of the drug was assessed postoperatively by determination of pain severity using a category rating scale. Facial swelling was measured using a tape measure placed from tragus to gonion to tragus, while interincisal mouth-opening of patients was measured using a calibrated vernier pre-operatively and post-operatively.Results:Co-administration of dexamethasone and diclofenac Na was significantly superior to diclofenac alone for the relief of pain (P < 0.05), and facial swelling up to 48 hour postoperativly (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference for trismus relief between the two medication protocols (P > 0.05). Conclusion:This study shows enhanced effects of co-administered dexamethasone and diclofenac Na on short-term post-operative pain and swelling, compared to diclofenac sodium alone in third molar surgery
Polyurethane / Hydroxyapatite Induces MSCs towards Osteo-like Cells in a Similar Fashion to Demineralized Bone Matrix

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the single most prevalent disorder in older adults having a predicted value of 130 million patients in 2050. Several clinical chemotherapeutic approaches are being applied to treat early or late osteoarthritis. It has been recommended that autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from OA patients could be the gold standard to treat OA as these cells have high proliferation and chondrocyte lineage differentiation potential. In this work, human MSCs, derived from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs), loaded on Polyurethane/Hydroxyapatite (PUHA) and Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) and their proliferation, differentiation capabilities were determined by MTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining and the expression of mRNA into osteoblast lineage were determined using Real Time PCR . The result showed that MSCs were more viable on PUHA when compared with DBM and the expression of lineage specific markers showed that differentiation potential of PUHA and DBM was not much different. The osteoblast lineage cells were stained positively with Alizarin Red S in completely similar in both groups. Electron microscopy analysis indicated attachment of Ad-MSCs when cultured on the PUHA and DBM. It was concluded that PUHA can be used in clinics as Osteo-inductive scaffold to treat OA easily, however further investigations are required before moving to clinical studies.
PROFILE OF NURSING DIAGNOSES OF PATIENTS HOSPITALIZ ED AT A MEDICAL CLINIC UNIT

This research aimed to identify the frequency of main nursing diagnoses (ND) among patients hospitalized at a medical unit. This was a quantitative research of descriptive-exploratory typewith a sample of 25 participants. Of the 13 fields described by NANDA II, all were represented by at least one diagnosis. A total of 530 diagnoses were surveyed, with an average of 21.2 per patient. Predominant diagnoses were: Risk of infection (100%), Impaired skin integrity (88%), Ineffective health maintenance (76%), Impaired walking (76%), Impaired comfort (76%), Ineffective sexuality patterns(72%), Impaired physical mobility (68%), Impaired tissue integrity (68%), Deficient self-care for showering (64%), for personal hygiene (64%), for dressing (64%), and Impaired mobility in bed (60%). These results contributed to the identification of the most affected needs of the hospitalized patients, facilitating the development of more efficient nursing care plans.
Pre-activation negativity (PrAN): A neural index of predictive strength of phonological cues

We propose that a recently discovered event-related potential (ERP) component—the pre-activation negativity (PrAN)—indexes the predictive strength of phonological cues, including segments, word tones, and sentence-level tones. Specifically, we argue that PrAN is a reflection of the brain’s anticipation of upcoming speech (segments, morphemes, words, and syntactic structures). Findings from a long series of neurolinguistic studies indicate that the effect can be divided into two time windows with different possible brain sources. Between 136–200 ms from stimulus onset, it indexes activity mainly in the primary and secondary auditory cortices, reflecting disinhibition of neurons sensitive to the expected acoustic signal, as indicated by the brain regions’ response to predictive certainty rather than sound salience. After ~200 ms, PrAN is related to activity in Broca’s area, possibly reflecting inhibition of irrelevant segments, morphemes, words, and syntactic structures.