Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PATTERNS OF ACCIDENTAL POISONING IN KERBALA TEACHING HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN

٣٥٠ Abstract Accidental poisoning in children is a potential source of morbidity and mortality all over the world. The patterns of poisoning are usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country. The shortage of publications on this subject in Iraq necessitated this study, to determine the pattern of accidental poisoning in children in Kerbala Teaching Hospital for Children, Kerbala. The medical records of children 12 years and below who were admitted to the hospital for the period from the 1st of January to the 31st of December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed for relevant data. 175 cases of accidental poisoning was admitted to the hospital during the study period, representing (1.1 %) of total hospital admissions. 137 (78.3 %) of the children were from Kerbala city, and only 38 (21.7 %) children were from the surrounding regions. The age group mostly affected was 1 to 3 years (70.9%). poisoning with Kerosene was the commonest type (76%) followed by drugs (11.4%). There were clear seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during the summer and autumn months (61.1%). No deaths were reported. The results were presented and compared with previous studies in other parts of the country and the world. Continuous education of parents and caregivers of young children is recommended, as this would help to reduce the chances and complications of accidental poisoning. لافطلأل يمیلعتلا ءلابرك ىفشتسم يف يضرعلا ممستلا طامنأ ةصلاخلا لافطلأا يف يضرعلا ممّستلا ربتعی ملا علا ءا حنأ عیمج يف ءانفلاو ةیضرملا رداصم نم لمتحم ردصم . ف لتخت ممّ ستلا طَا منأ نّإ سفن نمض ىرخأ ىلإ ةظفاحم نمو دلب ىلإ دلب نم ةداع دلبلا . اذھ نع تاروشنملا صقن نّإ بجوتسإ قارعلا يف عوضوملا هذھ ةساردلا ءلابر ك ة ظفاحم ي ف لا فطلأل ي میلعتلا ءلابر ك ىف شتسم ي ف لا فطلأا د نع ي ضرعلا ممّ ستلا طمن دیدحتل . ة سارد ت مت ةیبطلا تلاجسلا لِافطلأل ١٢ م نِو ثلاثلاو يدا حلا ى لإ ينا ثّلا نونا ك لوّأ ن م ةر تفلل ىف شتسملا ى لإ او لخدأُ نیذلا نودامف ةنس ن ةن سل لِولأا نونا ك ٢٠٠٥ ة قلاعلا تاذ تا نایبلل ي عجر ر ثأ وذ لك شب ، . ١٧٥ ى لإ ت لَخدأُ ي ضرعلا ممّ ستلا تلاا ح ن م ة لاح لثمت ،ةَساردلا ةرتف ءانثأ ىفشتسملا ) ١،١ (% ِّيلكلا ىفشتسملا لِوخد نم . كانھ ناك ١٣٧ ) ٣،٧٨ (% ،ءلابر ك ة نیدم نم لفط ط قفو ٣٨ ) ٧،٢١ (% نملا ن م اونا ك ل فط ة نیدملاب ة طیحملا قطا . ن م ت ناك ب لاغلا ي ف ةرثّأ تملا ة یرمعُلا ة عومجملا ١ ى لإ ٣ تاونس ) ٩ ، ٧٠ (% دئاسلا عَونلا وھ ضِیبلأا طفنلاب ممّستلا ناك و ) ٧٦ % تلااحلا نم ( ة یودلأاب ممستلا ھیلی ) ٤ ، ١١ . (% نا ك ةیفی صلا روھ شلا ءا نثأ ت لخدأ تلاا حلا ر ثكأو ةَح ضاو ةیمسوم تاریغت كانھ ة یفیرخلاو ) ١،٦١ . (% بب سب تا یفو لج ست م ل ةساردلا ةرتف ءانثأ ممستلا . ملا علاو ر طقلا ن م ىر خأ قطا نم ي ف ةقبا س تا سارد ع م ا ھتنراقم و جئا تنلا ضر ع مت . ة یعوتلا نإ صِرف لیلقتَ ىلع دعاسی ثیح ،ھب ىصّوم رمأ لِافطلأل ةیاعرلا يمدقمو ءابلآل ةرمتسملا ثودح ا ممّستلا تادیقعتو يضرعل .
The Abundance and Activation of mTORC1 Regulators in Skeletal Muscle of Neonatal Pigs are Modulated by Insulin, Amino Acids, and Age

Previously we demonstrated that the insulin (INS) and amino acid (AA) ‐induced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is developmentally regulated in neonatal pigs. This study aimed to determine the effects of the post‐prandial rise in INS and AA on the activation and abundance of mTORC1 regulators and how this is modified by development. Overnight fasted 6‐ and 26‐day‐old pigs were infused for 2 h with saline (Control) or with INS or AA to achieve fed levels. Phosphorylation of Proline‐rich Akt Substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) by protein kinase B alleviates the inhibitory effect of PRAS40 on mTORC1 activation. INS, but not AA, enhanced PRAS40 phosphorylation and this effect was higher in younger pigs. AMP‐activated protein kinase inactivates mTORC1 by phosphorylating raptor. Neither INS, AA, or age altered the phosphorylation of raptor. Rheb, vacuolar protein sorting mutant 34 (Vps34), and ras‐related GTP‐binding protein B (Rag B) are activators while FK506‐binding protein 38 (FKBP38) is an inhibitor of mTORC1. Neither INS, AA, or age altered the abundance of rheb, Vps34, or FKBP38. Although INS and AA had no effect, the abundance of Rag B was greater in young than in older pigs. Our results suggest that the higher mTORC1 activation in young than in older pigs is in part due to regulation by PRAS40 and the Rag GTPases. (Supported by NIH grants AR‐44474 and USDA/ARS 6250510000‐33).
Glial activation in the periaqueductal gray promotes descending facilitation of neuropathic pain through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway

The midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL‐PAG) is a key component that mediates pain modulation. Although spinal cord glial cells appear to play an important role in chronic pain development, the precise mechanisms involving descending facilitation pathways from the PAG following nerve injury are poorly understood. This study shows that cellular events that occur during glial activation in the VL‐PAG may promote descending facilitation from the PAG during neuropathic pain. Chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI) was induced by ligature construction of the sciatic nerve in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Behavioral responses to noxious mechanical (paw withdrawal threshold; PWT) and thermal (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) stimuli were evaluated. After CCI, immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of microglia and astrocytes in the VL‐PAG showed morphological and quantitative changes indicative of activation in microglia and astrocytes. Intra‐VL‐PAG injection of microglial or astrocytic inhibitors attenuated PWT and PWL at days 7 and 14, respectively, following CCI. We also evaluated the effects of intra‐VL‐PAG administration of the phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p‐p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB 203580 at day 7 after CCI. This treatment abolished microglial activation and produced a significant time‐dependent attenuation of PWT and PWL. Western blot analysis showed localized expression of p‐p38 in the VL‐PAG after CCI. P‐p38 was expressed in labeled microglia of the VL‐PAG but was not present in astrocytes and neurons on day 7 after CCI. These results demonstrate that CCI‐induced neuropathic pain is associated with glial activation in the VL‐PAG, which likely participates in descending pain facilitation through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bovine cysticercosis in Ethiopia: A review

Bovine cysticercosis is an infection of cattle caused by Cysticercus bovis, the larval stage of Taenia saginata. It is an infection of public health significance as eating of raw or undercooked beef results taeniasis in human population and an important cause of economic loss mainly due to condemnation, refrigeration and downgrading of infected carcasses. Bovine cysticercosis is prevalent in cattle population of various regions of Ethiopia in a range of 2.2% to 26.25%. The reported rates of prevalence may be an underestimate because employment of the latest diagnostic methods is uncommon and the routine meat inspection is the only method in use. Habit of eating raw beef dishes, low level of toilet use by human population, backyard slaughter, low availability of taenicides, free access of cattle to surface water, and proximity of wastewater are important causes for transmission of bovine cysticercosis to a herd of cattle and taeniasis in human population and such practices are not uncommon in Ethiopia. Competent meat inspection procedure supported by immunodiagnostics, chemotherapy and vaccination are the recommended approaches to prevent bovine cysticercosis and therefore such approaches along with the current status of bovine cysticercosis in Ethiopia are highlighted in the present review.
Gene-environment interaction in vulnerability to schizophrenia: findings from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the interaction of genetic risk and rearing-family risk as a subsyndromal test measure of schizophrenic thought disorder in adoptees. METHOD A group of 58 adoptees with schizophrenic biological mothers was compared with 96 comparison adoptees at ordinary genetic risk; putative adoptee vulnerability was assessed blindly and reliably by using the Rorschach Index of Primitive Thought. Environmental risk was measured by using frequency of communication deviance as a continuous variable, scored independently from Rorschach assessments of the adoptive parents. RESULTS High genetic risk in itself was not associated with greater vulnerability to schizophrenic thought disorder in the adoptees, as indicated by the Index of Primitive Thought. Also, greater communication deviance in the adoptive parents was not associated with greater thought disorder in the comparison adoptees. However, there was a highly significant gene-environment interaction. Among the offspring of the adoptive parents with high levels of communication deviance, a higher proportion of high-risk than comparison adoptees showed evidence of thought disorder. In contrast, among the offspring of adoptive parents with low communication deviance, a lower proportion of high-risk than comparison adoptees showed evidence of thought disorder. The distribution of communication deviance scores did not differ significantly between the adoptive parents of high-risk offspring and the adoptive parents of comparison offspring. CONCLUSIONS The findings are consistent with genetic control of sensitivity to the environment. There is no evidence that high genetic risk of schizophrenia among offspring is associated with high levels of communication problems in rearing parents.
Comparison of Cross-Polarization Characteristics of Frequency-Selective Surfaces Composed of Square Split-Ring and Spiral Resonators

This paper reports on the design, measurement and modeling of frequency-selective surfaces in the microwave regime using arrays of spiral resonators. A distinct and unusual variation in the transmission properties of the frequency-selective surface composed of spiral resonators was observed. This variation may be a function of the geometry of the spiral resonator used and/or the use of slant/cross-polarization characterization. The cross-polarization results obtained for both orientations imply that the spiral resonators behave differently than the circular split-ring resonators. These results may be explained by an approximately 50deg shift in electromagnetic axis, reflecting the differences in the geometries of the two structures
EFFECT OF THE BED LOAD GRADATION ON THE MORPHODYNAMICS OF DISCORDANT CONFLUENCES

Within the fluvial network, river confluences are particular areas characterized by complex hydrodynamic, morphodynamic and sedimentary processes. These processes have been observed to be governed by parameters such as the discharge ratio, the junction angle, the sediment rates and the bed material. This study analyzes the influence of the sediment gradation on the hydro-morphodynamics of open channel confluences, characterized by a bed discordance between the tributary and main channel. For that purpose, experiments are conducted at two different laboratory confluences in which only the gradation of the supplied sediment mixtures is different. This paper presents the results of two of these experiments with a discharge ratio between the tributary and main channel of Qr = Qt/Qm = 0.15. In one experiment, non-uniform sediment mixtures with a mean diameter of d50 = 0.82 mm are supplied to the main channel and tributary. These mixtures are representative of the sediments found in mountain river confluences such as those of the Upper-Rhone River. In the other experiment, a uniform sediment mixture with the same mean diameter (d50 = 0.82 mm) is supplied both to the tributary and main channel. The latter mixture is rather representative of the bed material found in low-land confluences. At equilibrium conditions, i.e. when the outgoing sediment rate is nearly equal to the incoming, bed and water surface topographies are recorded. These measurements show that with non-uniform sediments, the bed morphology at equilibrium presents a high topographic gradient, with a developed bar and scour hole in the main channel, a marked bed discordance and a steep bed-slope in the tributary. In contrast, with uniform sediments, the bed morphology presents attenuated features compared to those observed with non-uniform sediments. Also, with uniform sediments bedforms are observed throughout the flumes, whereas the non-uniform mixtures favor the bed armor.
Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions b-Carotene – Producing Bacteria Residing in the Intestine Provide Vitamin A to Mouse Tissues In Vivo 1 – 3

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an overwhelming public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. A definitive solution to VAD has yet to be identified. Because it is an essential nutrient, vitamin A or its carotenoid precursor b-carotene can only be obtained from food or supplements. In this study, wewanted to establish whether b-carotene produced in themouse intestine by bacteria synthesizing the provitaminA carotenoid could be delivered to various tissueswithin the body. To achieve this, we took advantage of the Escherichia coli MG1655*, an intestine-adapted spontaneous mutant of E. coli MG1655, and the plasmid pAC-BETA, containing the genes coding for the 4 key enzymes of the b-carotene biosynthetic pathway (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene cyclase) from Erwinia herbicola.We engineered the E. coliMG1655* to produce b-carotene during transformationwith pAC-BETA (MG1655*bC) and gavaged wild-type and knockout mice for the enzyme b-carotene 15,15#-oxygenase with this recombinant strain. Various regimens of bacteria administration were tested (single vs. multiple and low vs. high doses). b-Carotene concentration was measured by HPLC in mouse serum, liver, intestine, and feces. Enumeration of MG1655*-bC cells in the feces was performed to assess efficiency of intestinal colonization.We demonstrated in vivo that probiotic bacteria could be used to deliver vitamin A to the tissues of amammalian host. These results have the potential to pave the road for future investigations aimed at identifying alternative, novel approaches to treat VAD. J. Nutr. 144: 608–613, 2014.
Mating system variability in a mouthbrooding cichlid fish from a tropical lake

Intraspecific variability in mating behaviour and disparities between social and reproductive behaviour add complexity to the description of animal mating systems. A previously published field study on a population of the maternally mouthbrooding cichlid fish Ctenochromis horei in the north of Lake Tanganyika suggested mate monopolization by the most dominant male. In the present study, genetic reconstructions of paternity in a population in the south of the lake provided no evidence for male mate monopolization, as none of the inferred sires had offspring in more than one brood. The ability to reconstruct sire genotypes from offspring alleles was confirmed by computer simulations. Multiple paternity occurred in several broods and was significantly more frequent in the sample taken in the rainy season than in the dry season sample (100% of broods vs. 14%, respectively; P = 0.005). The data suggest geographical and temporal variation in the mating behaviour of C. horei despite its continuous year‐round reproduction, invariable brood care behaviour and habitat‐specific distribution in the relatively constant and confined environment of a tropical lake. Moreover, our data show that inferences on the distribution of male reproductive success, if based on each geographical or temporal data set alone, would fail to describe the potential for sexual selection in this species.
Biochemical markers associated with executive function in adolescents with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria

Debate continues as to why executive function (EF) continues to show impairments in children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria (ECT‐PKU). Using a mixed model, we measured EF in 10 adolescent children with ECT‐PKU and 6 sibling controls, and examined associations between EF and (1) phenylalanine (phe) and (2) the phenylalanine : tyrosine ratio (phe : tyr). Measurements were taken on two occasions anticipated to yield variation in concurrent biochemistry resulting from changes in dietary compliance (i.e. holiday vs non‐holiday period). A repeated measures anova using the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function yielded the following results: no significant interactions; two significant group effects of substantially impaired working memory and initiation skills in children with ECT‐PKU compared with controls, irrespective of occasion and two significant time effects, suggestive of slightly poorer non‐holiday planning and organization scores in both groups. Further analyses revealed that phe levels were not significantly different on these occasions, suggesting that holiday dietary compliance may be better than expected. Correlations between EF and biochemistry in children with PKU showed that participant’s lifetime phe : tyr ratio was positively and significantly associated with EF impairment, more so than phe‐only measures.
Contraction of left leaf of diaphragm coincident with cardiac systole.

The subject of this report is a patient who showed the phenomenon of contraction of the left leaf of the diaphragm synchronous with systolic movement of the heart. This is the fourth such case to be recorded in the medical literature. The presence of vigorous abdominal pulsations in each of these four patients initially suggested a diagnosis of aneurysm of the aorta. Tetany due to alkalosis or hypocalcemia was found in each instance, and cessation of the abnormal diaphragmatic movements occurred after corrective therapy. REPORT OF CASE A 40-year-old white American seaman entered the hospital on the evening of Oct. 6, 1952, with complaints of epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting of one week's duration. These symptoms had not been relieved by the ingestion of an unknown amount of "baking soda" and had been persistent for two days. He had been aware of a jerking motion of the left upper quadrant
Preoperative indexed left ventricular dimensions to predict early recovery of left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation.

BACKGROUND Aortic valve replacement (AVR) improves left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). The objective of this study is to determine predictors for normalization of impaired LV systolic function after valve replacement for chronic AR. METHODS AND RESULTS Between 1997 and 2007, 171 patients underwent AVR for severe chronic AR. Of these patients, 79 patients with LV systolic dysfunction or severe LV dilatation preoperatively, who were evaluated by echocardiography at predischarge and early follow up (mean, 6 months) were examined. The mean preoperative ejection fraction was 49%. The mean LV end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions were 52.32 ± 8.35 mm and 69.59 ± 7.80 mm, respectively. In the early follow up, 62 of 79 patients exhibited restored normal LV function. LV end-systolic dimension and LV end-diastolic dimension were significantly decreased early after AVR (52.32 ± 8.35 mm vs 37.82 ± 6.88 mm, and 69.59 ± 7.80 mm vs 51.55 ± 6.40 mm, respectively). Operative mortality was 3.7%. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that preoperative indexed LV end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions were independent predictors of restored LV systolic function. The sensitivity and specificity in predicting normalization of LV function were 88% and 92% for indexed LVESD <35.32 mm/m(2) and 71% and 86% for indexed LVEDD <44.42 mm/m(2). CONCLUSIONS In patients who received a valve replacement for chronic AR, smaller indexed LV systolic and diastolic dimensions were associated with early restoration of LV systolic function.
An Investigation of Emotion Dynamics and Kalman Filtering for Speech-Based Emotion Prediction

Despite recent interest in continuous prediction of dimensional emotions, the dynamical aspect of emotions has received less attention in automated systems. This paper investigates how emotion change can be effectively incorporated to improve continuous prediction of arousal and valence from speech. Significant correlations were found between emotion ratings and their dynamics during investigations on the RECOLA database, and here we examine how to best exploit them using a Kalman filter. In particular, we investigate the correlation between predicted arousal and valence dynamics with arousal and valence ground truth; the Kalman filter internal delay for estimating the state transition matrix; the use of emotion dynamics as a measurement input to a Kalman filter; and how multiple probabilistic Kalman filter outputs can be effectively fused. Evaluation results show that correct dynamics estimation and internal delay settings allow up to 5% and 58% relative improvement in arousal and valence prediction respectively over existing Kalman filter implementations. Fusion based on probabilistic Kalman filter outputs yields further gains.
Notch 2 protein distribution in human teeth under normal and pathological conditions

Notch signaling is essential for the appropriate differentiation of many cell types during development and, furthermore, is implicated in a variety of human diseases. Previous studies have shown that although the Notch1, -2, and -3 receptors are expressed in developing and injured rodent teeth, Notch2 expression was predominant after a lesion. To pursue the role of the Notch pathway in tooth development and disease, we have analyzed the expression of the Notch2 protein in embryonic and adult wounded human teeth. During the earlier stages of tooth development, the Notch2 protein was expressed in the epithelium, but was absent from proliferating cells of the inner enamel epithelium. At more advanced stages, Notch2 was expressed in the enamel-producing ameloblasts, while it was absent in mesenchymederived odontoblasts that synthesize the dentin matrix. Although Notch2 was not expressed in the pulp of adult intact teeth, it was reexpressed during dentin repair processes in odontoblasts and subodontoblastic cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1, which stimulates odontoblast differentiation and hard tissue formation after dental injury, downregulated Notch2 expression in cultured human dental slices, in vitro. These observations are consistent with the notion that Notch signaling is an important element in dental physiological and pathogenic conditions. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Fibrin‐enhanced endothelial cell organization

The formation of cloned bovine endothelial cells into capillary‐like tubes is accelerated from 3–7 days to 2–18 h in the presence of fibrin. Indirect immu‐nofluorescence showed the presence of both fibrin and fibronectin in the strands along which the cells organized. Electronmicroscopy revealed the same type of cell structures as form in the absence of fibrin; it also revealed a gradual decrease with time of the fibrin within the putative lumen. Fibrin and fibronectin are commonly present during angiogenesis in vivo, thus these in vitro observations may well have relevance to the in vivo process.