Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolution-optimised nonlinear scheme for secondary derivatives

A 5-point-stencil optimised nonlinear scheme with spectral-like resolution within the whole wave number range for secondary derivatives is devised. The proposed scheme can compensate for the dissipation deficiency of traditional linear schemes and suppress the spurious energy accumulation that occurs at high wave numbers, both of which are frequently encountered in large eddy simulation. The new scheme is composed of a linear fourth-order central scheme term and an artificial viscosity term. These two terms are connected by a nonlinear weight. The proposed nonlinear weight is designed based on Fourier analysis, rather than Taylor analysis, to guarantee a spectral-like resolution. Moreover, the accuracy is not affected by the optimisation, and the new scheme reaches fourth-order accuracy. The new scheme is tested numerically using the one-dimensional diffusion problem, one-dimensional steady viscous Burger’s shock, two-dimensional vortex decaying, three-dimensional isotropic decaying turbulence and fully developed turbulent channel flow. All the tests confirm that the new scheme has spectral-like resolution and can improve the accuracy of the energy spectrum, dissipation rate and high-order statistics of turbulent flows.
Computer assisted sperm analysis of fresh and frozen-thawed HF x Kankrej (F1) bulls semen and their interrelationship

A total of 30 good quality semen ejaculates from 5 mature bulls of HF x Kankrej (F1) breed were studied for sperm motility and velocity parameters of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa using computer assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). The ejaculates immediately after collection in AV were assessed by CASA for fresh sperm motility and velocity parameters. A part of each ejaculate cryopreserved at −196°C in LN2 using standard Tris-citric acid-fructose-yolk-glycerol extender was thawed and assessed for post-thaw analysis of motility and velocity traits on CASA using via-dent stain. The mean values of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa observed in fresh semen (74.73±1.71 and 51.57±2.61%) were highly significantly (P<0.01) reduced (50.80±1.36 and 30.23±1.16%, respectively) in post-thawed semen. The Average Path Velocity (VAP), Straight Line Velocity (VSL) and Curvilinear velocity (VCL) of spermatozoa noted in fresh semen were also reduced significantly (P<0.01) in frozen-thawed semen. Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement (ALH, m) and its Elongation (%) were increased, while Beat-Cross Frequency (BCF, Hz), Straightness (%), Linearity (%) and sperm area (m2) were decreased in post-thawed sperms. The proportion of rapidly motile sperm was significantly reduced and that of slow motile and static sperm increased in post-thawed semen, suggesting cryodamage to the spermatozoa. Most of the CASA traits of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa were significantly and positively interrelated. Thus, CASA appeared to be the fast, accurate and precise means of qualitative evaluation of the fresh and frozen-thawed bull semen.
Sensitivity to glacial forcing in the CCSM4

AbstractResults are presented from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) at the standard 1° resolution, the same resolution as the majority of the CCSM4 CMIP5 long-term simulations for the historical and future projection scenarios. The forcings and boundary conditions for this simulation follow the protocols of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project, version 3 (PMIP3). Two additional CCSM4 CO2 sensitivity simulations, in which the concentrations are abruptly changed at the start of the simulation to the low 185 ppm LGM concentrations (LGMCO2) and to a quadrupling of the preindustrial concentration (4×CO2), are also analyzed. For the full LGM simulation, the estimated equilibrium cooling of the global mean annual surface temperature is 5.5°C with an estimated radiative forcing of −6.2 W m−2. The radiative forcing includes the effects of the reduced LGM greenhouse gases.
Does Insurance Promote Economic Growth? Evidence from the UK

The first conference of UNCTAD in 1964 acknowledged the development of national insurance and reinsurance markets as essential aspects of economic growth. Yet, evidence from cointegration analysis by Ward and Zurbruegg (2000) showed there was no long run relationship between growth in the insurance industry and economic growth for some OECD countries, including the UK and the US, by using the total value of written insurance premia. However, it is surprising that an industry which in the case of the UK is the largest in Europe, and the third largest in the world, had no effect on the economic activity. As Granger (1990) claimed, it is possible to have cointegration at the aggregate level and not at the disaggregate level and vice versa. We use the components of insurance premia to find a long run relationship between development in insurance market size and economic growth for most components by using Johansen’s Trace λ and max λ cointegration tests. This evidence implies there is a possibility that Ward and Zurbruegg ’s results were affected by the aggregation problem. In addition, because cointegration analysis does not provide information about possible patterns (Demand-following and Supplyleading), we used causality tests. Results show for most cases, we have a long run relationship between insurance market size and economic growth rather than a cyclical effect.
Evaluating an Integrated EFL Teaching Methodology in Saudi Universities: A Longitudinal Study

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and suitability of the integrated holistic method for teaching EFL skills embedded in an Oxford® series of courses selected for study at the lower-to-upper intermediate levels of learning EFL, namely Open Forum 3, Well Read 3 – Effective Academic Writing2. Participants of the study were selected from the population of students in a Southwestern Saudi university. The sample included 52 participants in intermediate levels. Researchers employed a pre-test, posttest control group design in a quasi-experimental method to evaluate the instructional effectiveness of the integrated holistic teaching method. Findings indicate that the treatment in this study, the Integrated Skills Treatment, had a significant effect on student performance in all skills presented instructionally according to an integrated, holistic approach. Further findings showed that the experimental group participants achieved improvements in gain scores compared with their peers in the control group on the tested language skills, namely listening and speaking, reading, and writing. Qualitative data from a follow-up questionnaire study asserted the effectiveness and appropriateness of an integrative pedagogy to teaching EFL skills. The paper, in the end, provides a set of relevant implications and recommendations for further pedagogical practice and further research implications.
Twinning induced by the rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase transition in lanthanum

Phase-transformation-induced twins in pressureless-sintered lanthanum gallate (LaGaO3) ceramics have been analysed using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Twins are induced by solid state phase transformation upon cooling from the rhombohedral ðr;R 3cÞ to orthorhombic (o, Pnma) symmetry at 145 C. Three types of transformation twins {101}o, {121}o, and {123}o were found in grains containing multiple domains that represent orientation variants. Three orthorhombic orientation variants were distinguished from the transformation domains converged into a triple junction. These twins are the reflection type as confirmed by tilting experiment in the microscope. Although not related by group–subgroup relation, the transformation twins generated by phase transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic are consistent with those derived from taking cubic Pm 3m aristotype of the lowest common supergroup symmetry as an intermediate metastable structure. The r fi o phase transition of first order in nature may have occurred by a diffusionless, martensitic-type or discontinuous nucleation and growth mechanism.
Considerations about cotton gene escape in Brazil: a review

The cotton crop has become recover its importance as a major crop in Brazil. Many growers use good management practices in their fields. One of the new technologies now available for cotton growers in many countries are the genetically modified varieties. The global area of genetically modified crop varieties has grown to 58,7 million of ha, planted by 16 countries. Although GM cotton could eventually be widely adopted, six countries present larger potential benefit of its use: China, India, US and Australia, which already are using these varieties and; Brazil and Pakistan, that still area evaluating the possibility to adopt this technology. The safety of GM varieties for the environment has been one of the main concerns addressed in the case adoption of GM cotton in Brazil. The main concern is the risk of gene flow between GM cotton and its native relatives in Brazil. Fifty species of cotton belonging to the Gossypium generum are distributed in the following continents: Asia, Africa, Oceania and America. In this paper we address the scientific basis of gene flow in cotton and some of the alternatives to make the GM technology available and safe to Brazilian growers and the environment.
Morphological Studies of Organometal Halide Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells

Thin film solar cells are important for making photovoltaic technologies affordable and easily fabricated. The main objective of research into thin film solar cells is to achieve highenergy convert efficiency with easy manufacturing methods and accessible elements. Thin film solar cells based on organometal halide perovskites have demonstrated outstanding efficiency among photovoltaics. The morphologies of solution-processed perovskite thin films, such as uniformity of thickness and surface coverage, have been shown to be important factors for device performance. Perovskite thin films were prepared with uniform thickness and full coverage by using vapour deposition methods. The morphology features and crystal quality of the perovskite thin films were examined to optimize the preparation conditions. Influence of the annealing temperatures was investigated to shed light on the stability of perovskite films in postpreparation treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to capture high-resolution morphology changes during annealing treatment and film formation.
The Repetition of Chunks in Korean Middle School English Textbooks

The current study aims to examine the use of chunks and the extent of repetition in Korean middle school English textbooks. Also, the number of chunks shared by three publishers is examined. To create the corpora, 9 textbooks from three publishers were filed and processed by Simple Concordance Program. The results showed that chunk expressions were repeated 3.6 times on average. Most collocations occurred only one to two times throughout the same series of textbooks. Fixed-expressions showed similar results to those of lexical expressions, while semi-fixed expressions were shown relatively higher frequency rate than the other chunks. Regarding the repetition of chunks, most chunks were reused over 2 or 3 units. The number of chunks shared by three publishers in common was not many. It can be inferred that there were no agreed criteria for the selection and repetition of chunks among the textbook writers. The national curriculum works as a guideline, but the process of selecting items seems to be highly subjective and conducted without the consideration of repetition rate.
Digital play: a new classification

Abstract This paper draws on an ESRC-funded study of play and creativity in preschool-aged children’s use of apps in the UK. The main objectives of the study were to collect information about access to and use of apps in the home, establish the most popular apps and identify the features of those apps that are successful in promoting play and creativity. A mixed-method approach was used to collect data, including video filming of children using the most popular apps. In identifying play types that emerged in the analysis of data, the team utilised an established taxonomy, which outlines sixteen play types. This taxonomy was reviewed and adapted to analyse data from the project relating to digital play. Through this process, an additional type of play, transgressive play, was identified and added to the taxonomy. The paper outlines the implications of the revised taxonomy for future studies of play.
Bank Capital, Adjustment and Ownership: Evidence from China

We investigate ownership effects on capital and adjustments speed to the target capital ratio in China from 2000 to 2012 and find that state-owned banks hold higher levels of capital than banks of other ownership types. Foreign banks are more highly capitalized than local non-state banks but under-capitalized compared with the bigger non-state banks with nationwide presence. Foreign banks adjust risk-weighted capital towards their optimal targets at a slower speed than domestic banks, while foreign minority ownership results in a faster adjustment process. Capital is positively influenced by profitability, asset diversification and liquidity risk, but negatively influenced by bank market power. Capital ratios typically co-move with the business cycle although this relationship is reversed during the crisis period due to active government intervention. Our results are robust to various modelling specifications and have important policy implications.
Değişime Hazır Olma Ölçeği\'nin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması

Bu calisma okullarda ogretmen, yonetici ve rehber ogretmen olarak calisan is gorenlerin degisime hazir olma duzeylerini olcen Degisime Hazir Olma-Bilissel, Duygusal, Kararlilik (DHO-BDK) olcegini gelistirme calismalarini iceren sureci anlatmaktadir. Calismanin birinci asamasinda, ilk ve ortaogretim okullarindan calisan toplam 700 ogretmenden toplanan veri olcegin yapi gecerliligi ve guvenirligine iliskin destek saglamistir. Buna gore degisime hazir olmanin uc boyutu ortaya cikmistir: kararlilik boyutunda degisime hazir olma, duygu boyutunda degisime hazir olma ve bilissel boyutta degisime hazir olma. Ikinci asamada, yine ilk ve ortaogretim okullarinda calisan 603 ogretmenden olusan bagimsiz bir orneklemden toplanan veri 12 maddeli ve uc boyutlu yapiyi desteklemistir. Kararlilik boyutunda degisime hazir olma, bilissel boyutta degisime hazir olma ve duygu boyutunda degisime hazir olma icin sirasiyla . 90, . 87 ve . 75 duzeyinde Cronbach alfa degerleri bulunmustur. DHO-BDK’nin ek gecerlik calismalariyla politika yapicilar ve okullardaki yoneticiler icin is gorenlerin degisime hazir olmalarini degerlendirecekleri etkin bir arac olacagi ve buna bagli olarak okullardaki degisim uygulamalarina yonelik olarak is gorenlerin olumlu tutumlar gelistirmelerine yardimci olacak stratejileri gelistirmelerine yardimci olacagina inanilmaktadir.
Comparison of Seismic Safety and Functionality of Low Rise Important Buildings Designed by the First Three Editions of Iranian Seismic Code

Buildings with high degree of importance such as hospitals, police stations, fire stations and other vital facilities play a crucial role in crisis and risk management of cities. Therefore, special attention should be paid to design and construction of these buildings in order to maintain their performance during and after the earthquake. Important buildings in Iran is designed according to the Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings (ISC). So far, four editions of the code have been published. In this study, improvement of seismic safety of important buildings in the first three editions of ISC are examined and the results are compared with an acceptable level of safety. In this study, a 3-story steel moment resisting frame is selected and designed based on different editions of ISC for high seismic zones. The seismic fragility functions of frames are estimated in all soil classifications of the code. The probability of failure of frames are estimated for Tehran and Tabriz, two major cities located in high seismic zones. Results shows a good improvement in safety of different frames in recent editions of ISC, especially from the first to the second editions due to mandatory of ductile design and increase of the design forces. However, the functionality and safety of buildings do not satisfy the minimum requirements of the code. In addition, the results indicated that the probability of failure of frames located in softer soil types is higher than others. This show that within any code edition, a constant limit of safety was not provided in different soil types. Therefore, an improvement in the spectral acceleration of different soil type is required.
Chromospheric seismology above sunspot umbrae

The acoustic resonator is an important model for explaining the three-minute oscillations in the chromosphere above sunspot umbrae. The steep temperature gradients at the photosphere and transition region provide the cavity for the acoustic resonator, which allows waves to be both partially transmitted and partially reflected. In this paper, a new method of estimating the size and temperature profile of the chromospheric cavity above a sunspot umbra is developed. The magnetic field above umbrae is modelled numerically in 1.5D with slow magnetoacoustic wave trains travelling along magnetic fieldlines. Resonances are driven by applying the random noise of three different colours---white, pink and brown---as small velocity perturbations to the upper convection zone. Energy escapes the resonating cavity and generates wave trains moving into the corona. Line of sight (LOS) integration is also performed to determine the observable spectra through SDO/AIA. The numerical results show that the gradient of the coronal spectra is directly correlated with the chromosperic temperature configuration. As the chromospheric cavity size increases, the spectral gradient becomes shallower. When LOS integrations is performed, the resulting spectra demonstrate a broadband of excited frequencies that is correlated with the chromospheric cavity size. The broadband of excited frequencies becomes narrower as the chromospheric cavity size increases. These two results provide a potentially useful diagnostic for the chromospheric temperature profile by considering coronal velocity oscillations.
Laser Microdissection-Based Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Novel Regulatory Network of Genes Involved in Heat-Induced Grain Chalk in Rice Endosperm

Abstract Heat stress occurrence during seed filling leads to the formation of a chalky portion in the limited zone of the starchy endosperm of rice grains. In this study, isolation of aleurone, dorsal, central and lateral tissues of developing endosperm by laser-microdissection (LM) coupled with gene expression analysis of a 44 K microarray was performed to identify key regulatory genes involved in the formation of milky-white (MW) and white-back (WB) grains during heat stress. Gene regulatory network analysis classified the genes changed under heat stress into five modules. The most distinct expression pattern was observed in modules where most of the small heat shock proteins and cellular organization genes were changed under heat stress in dorsal aleurone cells and dorsal starchy endosperm zones. The histological observation supported the significant increase in cell number and size of dorsal aleurone cells in WB grains. With regard to the central starchy endosperm zone, preferential down-regulation of high molecular weight heat shock proteins (HMW HSPs), including a prominent member encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, by heat stress was observed, while changes in expression of starch biosynthesis genes were minimal. Characterization of transgenic plants suppressing endosperm lumenal binding protein gene (BiP1), an ER chaperone preferentially down-regulated at the MW zone under heat stress, showed evidence of forming the chalky grains without disturbing the expression of starch biosynthesis genes. The present LM-based comprehensive expression analysis provides novel inferences that HMW HSPs play an important role in controlling redox, nitrogen and amino acid metabolism in endosperm leading to the formation of MW and WB chalky grains under heat stress.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy, virologic failure and workload at the Rustenburg Provincial Hospital

Abstract Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a strong predictor of progression to AIDS and death. It remains the most important potentially alterable factor that determines treatment outcomes. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional survey of self-reported adherence to ART and associated factors. It included a randomly selected sample of 100 adult patients who began ART between June 2006 and December 2007. A modified Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group questionnaire was used. The analysis compared self-reported adherence levels by factor and viral load test results. Results: Only 71 % of patients had an adherence > 95%. Poor adherence was related to changes in daily routines (being away from home [21%] and busy with other things [17%]). All patients with symptoms suggestive of clinical depression had virologic failure. More unemployed patients (50.7%) had virologic failure than did employed patients (40%) (p = < 0.05). The clinic had a tenfold increase in patient enrolment and a ninefold decline in staff-to-patient ratio, and the proportion of patients lost to follow-up doubled in the preceding four years. Conclusion: Adherence to ART was poor. The capacity of the clinic to manage patients adequately has declined significantly. Decentralisation of ART services to primary health care facilities should be considered.
Changes in Female Sex Hormones in Patients with Intentional Drug and Chemical Poisoning

Background: Hormonal changes as a factor influencing the emotional state of women have an important role in the incidence of suicide. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in FSH-LH, Estrogen, and Progesterone hormones in women attempting suicide by drugs and chemicals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, women of reproductive diagnosed with drug and chemical poisoning who were hospitalized in Farshchian Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, were assessed regarding LH, FSH estrogen and progesterone hormones over a period of six months in 2011. Overall, 80 patients were studied with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The highest rate of suicide was in the age range of 14-25 years (47 patients, 60.1%). A significant relationship was observed among the blood levels of hormones FSH, LH, progesterone, and estrogen. The association of hormone levels and LMP and attempted suicide was significant. The LH level was significantly lower in patients with substance abuse. The estrogen level was significantly lower in patients with the history of self-injury. Most patients (67.5%) were in the follicular phase which was statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, there was a significant relationship between the levels of different hormones. The significant relationship was positive in some cases but negative in other.
Review on Face, Ear and Signature for Human Identification

Biometrics is a rising technology, which has been extensively used in robotics areas financial services, forensics, secured access, prison security, medical, telecommunication, ecommerce, government, traffic, health care the security issue are more essential. Biometric-based personal identification is high applicability in an extensive range of security application but Multimodal biometrics is the way to reduce time density and give better recognition rate. The concert rate of unimodal biometric is frequently reduced due to the user mode and physiological defects. We have referred papers related to face, ear and signature. In this paper, we discuss different methods of Face, Ear and signature for recognition and identification.