Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Air Pollution Lower Productivity ? Evidence from Manufacturing in India

This paper analyzes how air pollution affects manufacturing productivity in India and the degree to which industries vary in their sensitivity to air pollution. Determining optimal environmental policy is especially challenging when the damages from pollution are varied and difficult to measure. I illustrate the impact of pollution on productivity and output with a model of production where pollution damages inputs and firms may adapt. With an administrative panel of manufacturing firms and comprehensive geospatial data on weather and air quality, I estimate the effect of air pollution on industrial productivity using wind velocity as an instrument for pollution. I find that air pollution substantially lowered productivity among industries with labor intensive technologies, yet it had little average effect across all industries. To understand the sources of heterogeneity in the impact of air pollution on productivity, I extend the model and show that industries’ technologies can modify the damages from pollution on inputs to production. I bring the theory to the data and find that a one standard deviation increase in the labor intensity of production led to a 0.6 percentage point more negative impact of pollution on productivity. The estimates imply that regulation abating excess pollution would have raised profits 1.1% among adversely affected industries but only 0.3% on average. I would like to thank Andrew Foster, Jesse Shapiro, Matt Turner, Ken Chay, Emily Oster, Lint Barrage, Daniel Björkegren, Will Violette, David Glick, Stefano Polloni, and participants of the Brown Development Economics Breakfast and Applied Microeconomics Lunch for helpful feedback. All mistakes are my own. Contact: jamie_ hansen-lewis@brown.edu.
All about baryons: revisiting SIDM predictions at small halo masses

We use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to consistently compare the assembly of dwarf galaxies in both $\Lambda$ dominated, Cold (CDM) and Self--Interacting (SIDM) dark matter models. The SIDM model adopts a constant cross section of 2 $cm^{2}/g$, a relatively large value to maximize its effects. These are the first SIDM simulations that are combined with a description of stellar feedback that naturally drives potential fluctuations able to create dark matter cores. Remarkably, SIDM fails to significantly lower the central dark matter density at halo peak velocities V$_{max}$ $<$ 30 Km/s. This is due to the fact that the central regions of very low--mass field halos have relatively low central velocity dispersion and densities, leading to time scales for SIDM collisions greater than a Hubble time. CDM halos with V$_{max}$ $<$ 30 km/s have inefficient star formation, and hence weak supernova feedback. At a fixed 2 cm2/g SIDM cross section, the DM content of very low mass CDM and SIDM halos differs by no more than a factor of two within 100-200pc. At larger halo masses ($\sim$ 10$^{10}$ solar masses), the introduction of baryonic processes creates field dwarf galaxies with dark matter cores and central DM$+$baryon distributions that are effectively indistinguishable between CDM and SIDM. Both models are in broad agreement with observed Local Group field galaxies across the range of masses explored. To significantly differentiate SIDM from CDM at the scale of faint dwarf galaxies, a velocity dependent cross section that rapidly increases to values larger than 2 $cm^{2}/g$ for halos with V$_{max}$ < 25-30 Km/s needs to be introduced.
Risky Higher Education and Subsidies ¤ y

Tertiary education in the U.S. requires large investments that are risky, lumpy, and well-timed. Tertiary education is also heavily subsidized. By making the risk of human capital investment more acceptable, especially to low wealth households, subsidies may increase investment in human capital, lower long-run inequality, and reduce aggregate precautionary savings. However, subsidies also encourage more poorly prepared students to attend and are usually . nanced via distortionary taxes. In this paper, we . nd that observed collegiate subsidies improve welfare substantially relative to the fully decentralized (zero subsidy) outcome. We show that subsidies help smooth consumption, lower skill premia, increase interest rates as precautionary savings fall, lower the inequality of both consumption and wealth, increase intergenerational income mobility and raise welfare, even when . nanced by distortionary taxes. ¤JEL Classi.cation: E60, I22 y
Children's Recognition of Pride: An Experimental Approach

Children’s Recognition of Pride: An Experimental Approach Darren J. Garcia Department of Psychology, BYU Master of Science Pride is elicited when a child takes credit for an achievement or exceeds a socially valued standard or expectation. Evidence suggests that pride has a distinct nonverbal expression that is recognized by adults across cultures (Tracy & Robins, 2004). Research examining when children recognize pride has yielded age discrepancies between studies that use forced-choice response formats and those that use spontaneous-response formats. Differences in children’s ability to use and comprehend language may account for some of these differences. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the age at which children reliably recognize pride, while minimizing the need for children to rely on their linguistic or verbal abilities. The present experiment used an experimental approach to examine when children reliably recognize pride. One hundred forty-four children between the ages of 2.5and 6.5years participated in one of three experimental conditions: Exceed Standard, Fail Standard or No Standard. Frequency of pride recognition in the Exceed Standard condition was compared to frequencies of pride recognition in the Fail Standard and No Standard conditions. Results revealed a developmental progression of pride recognition in which children first begin showing nonverbal pride behaviors at about 2.5to 3.5-years, acquire the ability to apply a label to the nonverbal pride expression between 3.5and 4.5-years of age, and come to recognize their own emotional experience as pride in an achievement situation between 4.5and 5.5-years of age.
Patterns of river width and surface area revealed by the satellite‐derived North American River Width data set

As hydraulic, hydrologic, and biogeochemical models evolve toward greater spatial resolution and larger extent, robust morphometric data sets are essential to constrain their results. Here we present the Landsat‐derived North American River Width (NARWidth) data set, the first fine‐resolution, continental scale river centerline and width database. NARWidth contains measurements of >2.4 × 105 km of rivers wider than 30 m at mean annual discharge. We find that conventional digital elevation model‐derived width data sets underestimate the abundance of wide rivers. To calculate the total surface area of North American rivers, we extrapolate the strong observed relationship between river width and total surface area at different river widths (r2 > 0.99 for 100–2000 m widths) to narrower rivers and streams. We conservatively estimate the total surface area of North American rivers as 1.24−0.15+0.39 × 105 km2 (1σ confidence intervals), values 20−15+38 % greater than previous estimates used to evaluate greenhouse gas efflux from rivers to the atmosphere.
Partial versus General Equilibrium Calorie and Revenue Effects Associated with a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax

Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages have been widely proposed to combat the U.S. obesity crisis. Most previous work has found the effects of a SSB tax to be small to moderate. We address three limitations. First, we incorporate the supply side via a stochastic equilibrium displacement model. Second, we account for uncertainty elasticities using probability distributions associated with elasticities. Third, we address industry revenue effects. We find that assumptions about the supply side are more important than assumptions about substitution. ignoring supply side severely overestimates quantity and calorie effects and slightly underestimated revenue effects.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): ugrizYJHK Sérsic luminosity functions and the cosmic spectral energy distribution by Hubble type

We report the morphological classification of 3727 galaxies from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey with Mr < -17.4 mag and in the redshift range 0.025 < z <0.06 (2.1 × 105 Mpc3) into E, S0-Sa, SB0-SBa, Sab-Scd, SBab-SBcd, Sd-Irr and little blue spheroid classes. Approximately 70 per cent of galaxies in our sample are disc-dominated systems, with the remaining a30 per cent spheroid dominated. We establish the robustness of our classifications, and use them to derive morphological-type luminosity functions and luminosity densities in the ugrizYJHK passbands, improving on prior studies that split by global colour or light profile shape alone. We find that the total galaxy luminosity function is best described by a double-Schechter function while the constituent morphological-type luminosity functions are well described by a single-Schechter function. These data are also used to derive the star formation rate densities for each Hubble class, and the attenuated and unattenuated (corrected for dust) cosmic spectral energy distributions, i.e. the instantaneous energy production budget. While the observed optical/near-IR energy budget is dominated 58:42 by galaxies with a significant spheroidal component, the actual energy production rate is reversed, i.e. the combined disc-dominated populations generate 1.3 times as much energy as the spheroid-dominated populations. On the grandest scale, this implies that chemical evolution in the local Universe is currently largely confined to mid-type spiral classes like our Milky Way. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-13-1-0210 TITLE: Citrullinated Chemokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis

s accepted to national meetings: 1. Yoshida K, Campbell PL, Amin MA, Koch AE, Fox DA, Ruth JH: Citrullination of ENA78/CXCL5 changes its receptor affinity from CXCR2 to CXCR1 and induces monocyte migration. Arthritis Rheum. 65 S10:327, 2013. 2. Edhayan G, Ha CM , Ohara RA, Isozaki T, Amin MA, Arbab AS, Tsou PS, Campbell PL, Schiopu E, Khanna D, Morgan R, Friday SC, Fox DA, Ruth JH: Inflammatory Properties of Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 as a Unique Fibroblast Derived Nuclear Protein. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66 S10:863, 2014. 3. Ohara RA, Edhayan G, Ha CM, Amin MA, Arbab AS, Campbell PL, Fox DA, Ruth JH: Evidence for citrullination of the nuclear transcription factor Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 (Id1) in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol: 66 S10:189, 2014. 4. Ohara RA, Edhayan G, Stinson WA, Campbell PL, Remmer HA, Amin MA, Fox DA, Ruth JH: Evidence for Citrullinated Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 (Id1) as a Novel Autoantigen Candidate in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol In press. 5. Edhayan G, Ha CM, Ohara RA, Isozaki T, Amin MA, Arbab AS, Campbell PL, Morgan R, Stinson WA, Friday SC, Fox DA, Ruth JH: Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 as a Fibroblast Derived Inflammatory Angiogenic Agonist in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol In press. 6. Ohara RA, Lepore N, W. Stinson WA, Edhayan G, Campbell PL, Arwani S, Morgan RL, Ruth JH, Koch AE, Fox DA, Amin MA: Citrullinated ENA78/CXCL5 Induces Monocyte Migration via JNK and NFκB Signaling Pathways. Arthritis Rheumatol In press. 7. Ohara RA, Remmer HA, Campbell PL, Fox DA, Ruth JH: Citrullination of Inhibitor of DNA Binding-1 at Specific Locations Leads to Autoantigenicity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 68 S10, 2016. 8. Ohara RA, Edhayan G, Saunders TL, Lanigan TM, Morgan R, Stinson WA, Campbell PL, Graham J, Fox DA, Ruth JH: Regulation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast Cytokine Production By Inhibitor of DNA Binding-1 Via Crispr/Cas9 Transfection. Arthritis Rheumatol. 68 S10, 2016. 7. Inventions, Patents and Licenses
Assessment of sugarcane harvesting residue effects on soil spectral behavior

When the harvesting of sugarcane involves a mechanized process, plant residues remain on the soil surface, which makes proximal and remote sensing difficult to monitor. This study aimed to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, differences in the soil spectral behavior of surface layers Quartzipsamment and Hapludox soil classes due to increasing levels of sugarcane’s dry (DL) and green (GL) leaf cover on the soil. Soil cover was quantified by supervised classification of the digital images (photography) taken of the treatments. The spectral reflectance of the samples was obtained using the FieldSpec Pro (350 to 2500 nm). TM-Landsat bands were simulated and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil line were also determined. Soil cover ranged from 0 to 89 % for DL and 0 to 80 % for GL. Dry leaf covering affected the features of the following soil constituents: iron oxides (480, 530 and 900 nm) and kaolinite (2200 nm). Water absorption (1400 and 1900 nm) and chlorophyll (670 nm) were determinant in differentiating between bare soil and GL covering. Bands 3 and 4 and NDVI showed pronounced variations as regards differences in soil cover percentage for both DL and GL. The soil line allowed for discrimination of the bare soil from the covered soil (DL and GL). High resolution sensors from about 50 % of the DL or GL covering are expected to reveal differences in soil spectral behavior. Above this coverage percentage, soil assessment by remote sensing is impaired.
eparation efficiency and energy consumption of oil expression using screw-press : The case of Jatropha curcas L . seeds

The performance of oil expression from Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) seeds using a pilot scale continuous screw press was studied. The influence of seed pre-treatment, i.e. whole, crushed and deshelled seeds, screw-press operational settings (shaft rotational speed and press cake outlet section) was investigated. For each experiment, the material flows (seeds, press cake and crude oil) were measured and analysed for their oil, water and solids contents. The behaviour of oil expression was very sensitive to seeds preparation. It was shown that for whole seeds, a good reproducibility was obtained, whereas for crushed or deshelled seeds, heterogeneity of the feed led to unsteady pressing conditions and important discrepancies in the performance. The presence of seed shells contributes to build a porous solid matrix which favours oil flow through the press cake. For whole seeds, a correlation between oil recovery and seed throughput was proposed. The mass balance consistency was carefully analysed and oil yield was determined using a direct and an indirect method. A good linear correlation between seed and press cake throughputs was observed: the seed throughput is always divided in a stream of crude oil and a stream of press cake in the same proportion. This important result shows that the residual oil in press cake and the amount of solids carried by the oil are directly related and determine the efficacy of the separation. Thus, for a given screw press and feed material, the oil sediment content can be predicted knowing the oil recovery. The energy consumption during pressing was measured and modelled as a function of oil recovery and seeds oil content. The specific mechanical energy for oil expression was less than 5% of the energy content of the oil and a minimum mechanical energy requirement was generally observed at oil recoveries between 70% and 80%.
Terrigenous material supply to the Peruvian central continental shelf (Pisco, 14° S) during the last 1000 years: paleoclimatic implications

Abstract. In the eastern Pacific, lithogenic input to the ocean responds to variations in the atmospheric and oceanic system and their teleconnections over different timescales. Atmospheric (e.g., wind fields), hydrological (e.g., fresh water plumes) and oceanic (e.g., currents) conditions determine the transport mode and the amount of lithogenic material transported from the continent to the continental shelf. Here, we present the grain size distribution of a composite record of two laminated sediment cores retrieved from the Peruvian continental shelf that record the last ∼ 1000 years at a sub-decadal to centennial time-series resolution. We propose novel grain size indicators of wind intensity and fluvial input that allow reconstructing the oceanic–atmospheric variability modulated by sub-decadal to centennial changes in climatic conditions. Four grain size modes were identified. Two are linked to aeolian inputs (M3: ∼ 54; M4: ∼ 91 µm on average), the third is interpreted as a marker of sediment discharge (M2: ∼ 10 µm on average), and the last is without an associated origin (M1: ∼ 3 µm). The coarsest components (M3 and M4) dominated during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Current Warm Period (CWP) periods, suggesting that aeolian transport increased as a consequence of surface wind stress intensification. In contrast, M2 displays an opposite behavior, exhibiting an increase in fluvial terrigenous input during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in response to more humid conditions associated with El Nino-like conditions. Comparison with other South American paleoclimate records indicates that the observed changes are driven by interactions between meridional displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the South Pacific Subtropical High (SPSH) and Walker circulation at decadal and centennial timescales.
Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis and Co-Infections among Antenatal Women: A Retrospective Case Study at National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria

Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and co-infections among antenatal women in National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Background: Sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS are a major public health concern owing to both their prevalence and propensity to affect offspring through vertical transmission. Aim: This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), syphilis, and co-infections among antenatal women in National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A two (2) years retrospective study of antenatal women that attended National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria from 1 March, 2013 to 28 February, 2015. A pretested data extraction form was used to obtain data on socio-demographic variables and screening test results from the antenatal records. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 17 (Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 3748 antenatal records was used for the study. The seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, HBsAg and syphilis among the pregnant women were 7.9 %( 296/3748), 4.7 %( 176/3748), 10.6 %( 397/3748) and 1.1 %( 41/3748), respectively. The HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/Syphilis co-infection prevalence rates were 0.24 %( 9/3748), 0.13 %( 5/3748) and 0.05 %( 2/3748) respectively. There was no HBC and HCV co-infection among both HIV positive and negative antenatal women. There was statistically significant difference in HBV and HCV infection between the HIV positive and negative antenatal women. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis is still a challenge in Abuja. Community health education is urgently require to reduce the prevalence of these infections among the most productive and economically viable age bracket. Our study showed that it is very necessary/important for all pregnant women to be requested to test for HBV, HCV alongside the conventional syphilis and HIV infections, in order to prevent vertical transmission to their unborn babies. Preceptor/location of project: National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria.
A Structural Model of Australia as a Small Open Economy

This paper sets up and estimates a structural model of Australia as a small open economy using Bayesian techniques. Unlike other recent studies, the paper shows that a small micro-founded model can capture the open economy dimensions quite well. Specifically, the model attributes a substantial fraction of the volatility of domestic output and inflation to foreign disturbances, close to what is suggested by unrestricted VAR studies. The paper also investigates the effects of various exogenous shocks on the Australian economy.
On a splitting scheme for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a random medium

In this paper we consider a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with random coefficients, in a regime of separation of scales corresponding to diffusion approximation. The primary goal of this paper is to propose and study an efficient numerical scheme in this framework. We use a pseudo-spectral splitting scheme and we establish the order of the global error. In particular we show that we can take an integration step larger than the smallest scale of the problem, here the correlation length of the random medium. We study the asymptotic behavior of the numerical solution in the diffusion approximation regime.
New Collaborative Filtering Algorithms Based on SVD + + and Differential Privacy

Collaborative filtering technology has been widely used in the recommender system, and its implementation is supported by the large amount of real and reliable user data from the big-data era. However, with the increase of the users’ information-security awareness, these data are reduced or the quality of the data becomes worse. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is one of the common matrix factorization methods used in collaborative filtering, which introduces the bias information of users and items and is realized by using algebraic feature extraction. The derivative model SVD++ of SVD achieves better predictive accuracy due to the addition of implicit feedback information. Differential privacy is defined very strictly and can be proved, which has become an effective measure to solve the problem of attackers indirectly deducing the personal privacy information by using background knowledge. In this paper, differential privacy is applied to the SVD++ model through three approaches: gradient perturbation, objective-function perturbation, and output perturbation. Through theoretical derivation and experimental verification, the new algorithms proposed can better protect the privacy of the original data on the basis of ensuring the predictive accuracy. In addition, an effective scheme is given that can measure the privacy protection strength and predictive accuracy, and a reasonable range for selection of the differential privacy parameter is provided.
Breeding barley (Hordeum vulgarae L.) for abiotic and biotic limiting factors.

This paper presents breeding work on malting and forage barley, specifically focusing on increased tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Breeding for yield is generally aimed at improving certain yield components that directly or indirectly contribute to its realisation. Apart from high yield potential, new genotypes should have adequate drought resistance (tolerance) to be achieved by identifying sources of beneficial genes and ways to maintain or improve grain yield in dry years. The longCterm tra ditional selection process and evidence of climate change demand a breeding strategy targeting adaptation to future production conditions in small grains, primarily barley and wheat. Selecting widely adaptable genotypes that produce stable yields and show resistance to economically important diseases and tolerance to different biotic and abiotic factors indirectly contributes to increasing the yield and quality of malting and forage barley.