Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Enterococcus faecium on the Digestive Tract of Poultry as a Probiotic

This project investigates the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of chicken and turkey caeca. Microbiological characteristics were represented by CFU of Escherichia coli, faecal Enterococci and Lactobacilli determined in 1 g of chyme and biological ones by enzymatic activity of the cellulases expressed in CMC units. In all experiments, a probiotic preparation based on Enterococcus faecium was added to the feeding mixture and drinking water at various concentrations or in the form of aerosol on the body or egg surface. Counts of Escherichia coli in CFU in 1 g of faecal chyme were determined on Endo agar, counts of CFU of faecal Enterococci on selective agar for faecal Enterococci and counts of Lactobacilli on Rogosa agar. Enzymatic activity of cellulases was determined according to the Miller method. Counts of CFU of Escherichia coli, faecal Enterococci, Lactobacilli and enzymatic activity of cellulases were compared in experimental and control treatments. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the counts of Escherichia coli CFU would be higher in control treatments and CFU counts of both faecal Enterococci and Lactobacilli as well as enzymatic cellulases activity (in CMC units) lower in control treatments compared to the experimental ones. Similar results were also obtained in our experiments with chickens and turkeys. Polymerase chain reaction using specific primers was performed to identify Enterococcus faecium.
Citizenship pressure and job performance: roles of citizenship fatigue and continuance commitment

This study investigates the relationship between employees’ experience of citizenship pressure and job performance, as well as the mediating role of citizenship fatigue and moderating role of continuance commitment. Multisource, time-lagged data from employees and their supervisors in Pakistan reveal that employees’ beliefs that they have no other choice than to take on allegedly voluntary activities undermine their job performance, due to energy depletion evoked as citizenship fatigue. Their continuance commitment buffers this process; the indirect relationship between citizenship pressure and job performance, through citizenship fatigue, is weaker when employees believe they have limited employment alternatives, because they may perceive expectations of their citizenship as opportunities instead of threats in this case. Human resource managers thus should recognize that excessive organizational pressures for citizenship behaviors can undermine job performance, but less so among employees for whom leaving the organization appears costly.
Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Job Satisfaction in the Hospitality Industry

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of leadership style on employee job satisfaction in the hospitality industry.The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from Gadot (2007), Manning, and Curtis (2009). The questionnaire was distributed to 300 non-managerial employees working in the food and beverage divisions of five-star hotels. The results of this study reveal that self-development and promotion, pay and reward systems, empowerment and recognition, and appraisal systems are important factors for employee job satisfaction. Furthermore, the study finds a significant positive relationship between the transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire leadership styles and employee job satisfaction. However, the autocratic leadership style has a negative effect on job satisfaction. The current study demonstrates a significant relationship between employee job satisfaction and leadership style; thus, implementing an appropriate leadership strategy can enhance employee job satisfaction and prevent employee turnover in the hospitality industry. The findings can be used as a tool in human resource management to focus on leaders’ behaviours with their employees and the level of employees’ satisfaction.
Paranoia, Worry, Cognitive Avoidance and Intolerance of Uncertainty in a student population

Non-clinical populations experience paranoid ideations on a regular basis. Psychological models of paranoia hypothesize paranoid ideations are maintained by processes like worry. Previous links between anxiety, worry and paranoia are also evident in non-clinical populations. To overcome worry individuals may avoid mental images that cause distressing arousal by using an internal strategy of cognitive avoidance (CA). It has been further hypothesized the use of CA may develop because of a predisposition of having an intolerance of uncertainty (IOU). Based on this rationale the current study investigated through self-report questionnaires the relationship between; worry, paranoia, CA and IOU in a student population (N=102) and specifically, if CA and IOU are maintaining factors of paranoia. The findings revealed significant relationships between all of the variables. A hierarchical regression affirmed that CA, IOU and Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS) accounted for 43% of the variance in paranoia when combined with worry, gender and age. This study provides a foundation of evidence for the presence of CA and IOU in paranoia. If replicated in a clinical population the findings could help the formulation and assessment for the treatment of paranoia.
Entrepreneurs as Trust’s Builders: An Integrated Model

Given trust is essential in the context of developing effective new venture, we investigate how entrepreneurs can develop a proactive role as trust builders in early stages. We review the evidences of prior studies examining the association between entrepreneur’s behaviors, attitudes and characteristics and trust. By 471 empirical findings identified, we provide a wide inventory of behaviors, attitudes and characteristics that entrepreneurs could use to display their trustworthiness across stakeholders. Our conceptual model reconsiders and extends these factors and their antecedents from the model of Mayer et al., 1995, emphasizing differences across stakeholder groups and opening research venues.
From Hashtag to Hate Crime: Twitter and Anti-Minority Sentiment

We study whether social media can amplify antiminority sentiment with a focus on Donald Trump’s political rise. Using an instrumental variable strategy based on Twitter’s early adopters at the South by Southwest festival in 2007, we find that higher Twitter use in a county is associated with a sizeable increase in anti-Muslim hate crimes after the 2016 presidential primaries. Trump’s tweets about Muslims predict increases in xenophobic tweets by his followers, cable news mentions of Muslims, and hate crimes on the following days. These results suggest that social media content can affect real-life out-comes. (JEL D72, J15, K42, L82, Z12)
Parental Involvement in the Transmission and Development of Youth Athletes’ Role Responsibilities

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to examine parental involvement in youth athletes’ task role development through the perspectives of important youth sport stakeholders (e.g., athletes, parents, and coaches). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants (4 athletes, 7 parents, and 5 coaches) from four different types of competitive interdependent team sports (e.g., basketball). Analysis of the interview data occurred inductively through a conventional content analysis. Results generally demonstrated that all sets of participants perceived parents to influence athlete role development. Specific themes are organized into three overarching categories that explore parent characteristics (e.g., parental sport knowledge, investment), parent behaviors (e.g., support, intervention), and the resulting consequences of parental involvement (e.g., athlete role acceptance, team specific consequences). Discussion is focused on several theoretical implications surrounding the study of formal role development and emphasizes future research directions including the consideration of other social agents (e.g., teammates) in the role transmission process.
Personality traits and music in adolescence

For centuries, and across cultures, people have wondered what kind of relationship there is between music and human nature. A personality psychology perspective may address this fundamental question on music by considering that personality traits are dispositions that constitute part of human nature. Hence, the classic question about how music is associated with human nature may at least in part be answered by examining if and how personality traits and music are interrelated. The objective of this chapter is to review the recent literature on personality traits and music in adolescence, with an eye on wellbeing. The first part discusses possible interrelations between personality traits and music listening. The second part considers putative relationships between personality traits and music making. Research directions are briefly outlined.
Capturing the Impact of Career and Technical Education Participation on Graduation Likelihood

v List of Tables . xi Chapter 1 . 1 Problem Statement . 3 Earning a High School Diploma . 4 Possible Solution . 4 Purpose . 5 Research Questions . 6 Document Organization . 7 Definition of Terms . 7 Dissertation Overview . 10 Chapter 2 . 13 Career and Technical Education . 13 Federal Funding . 15 State Funding . 16 Implications and Benefits . 17
The mediating effect of reflective-analytic cognitive style on rational thought

Abstract We investigate whether non-miserly cognitive styles mediate the effects of cognitive ability and thinking dispositions on rational thought. Specifically, we review relevant literature on two dimensions that define non-miserly cognitive style: reflection-impulsivity and analytic-intuitive. We use these two dimensions to identify a continuum of cognitive styles that vary from miserly (impulsive-intuitive) to non-miserly (reflective-analytic) and are congruent with tendencies to commit specific rational thinking errors. Further, we argue that this continuum, which we label reflective-analytic cognitive style, mediates the effect of cognitive ability and thinking dispositions on rational thought. We conduct an experiment testing our predictions and find evidence, via structural equation modelling, that reflective-analytic cognitive style does mediate the effect of cognitive ability (as measured by working memory capacity) and thinking dispositions (as measured by need for cognition and actively open-minded thinking) on responses to traditional rational thinking tasks.
Visual Input in the Spanish Classroom: Incorporating Comprehensible Visual Input to Teach Spanish Grammar and Vocabulary in High School

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the effects of comprehensible visual input in the form of drawing on students’ self-efficacy toward learning Spanish as a second language in a classroom setting. The study also compared student test scores in classes receiving comprehensible visual input instruction with test scores of students in classes utilizing traditional second language instruction techniques. Participants for this research included 198 students in Grade 9 and Grade 10 enrolled in second year Spanish in a Catholic college preparatory high school. A 46 items Spanish Self-Efficacy Survey (SSES) was administered which included four scales: Progress, Observation Comparison, Social Feedback, and Physiological States. Participants also completed a machine scored 46 question commercially prepared standardized test. The majority of students (69%) were in Grade 10, and 56% across both grades were male. Three female Spanish classroom teachers were involved in the study. Two of the teachers are native Spanish speakers from Spain and Argentina. The third teachers studied Spanish in Spain where she acquired native like capability. There are between 45 and 60 years old and they all have over 10 years of experience teaching various levels of the language. Two teachers taught the control group, while the teacher-researcher taught the treatment group; each group consisted of 99 students. Literature on bilingualism revealed the benefits of speaking more than one language. However, in the United States, second language instruction is not federally mandated making learning a foreign language a low priority for students. Difficulty finding qualified and engaging foreign language teachers is a challenge for American
The Role of Gender in the Accuracy and Fluency of Iranian Upper-intermediate EFL Learners’ L2 Oral Productions

This study tied to check the role of gender on Iranian upper-intermediate learners’ speaking accuracy and fluency. Initially, out of 90 upper-intermediate learners, a total number of 25 male and 25 female learners were selected. A validated test (PET) was administered to the participants to assure homogeneity in terms of overall language proficiency and accordingly, 25 male and 25 female learners were identified as the legitimate participants who had been interviewed drawing on the some speaking tasks. The speech of the participants was recorded and subsequently analyzed by two raters based on the fluency and accuracy measurement criteria. Inter-rater reliability was established for both the fluency and accuracy (.986 and .898, respectively). Having finished the analysis of the participants’ performance, the researcher analyzed the data to investigate the role of gender on speaking accuracy and fluency. The results indicated that female participants outperformed the males in terms of fluency while males were superior in terms of accuracy.
Neural correlates of intonation and lexical tone in tonal and non‐tonal language speakers

Intonation, the modulation of pitch in speech, is a crucial aspect of language that is processed in right‐hemispheric regions, beyond the classical left‐hemispheric language system. Whether or not this notion generalises across languages remains, however, unclear. Particularly, tonal languages are an interesting test case because of the dual linguistic function of pitch that conveys lexical meaning in form of tone, in addition to intonation. To date, only few studies have explored how intonation is processed in tonal languages, how this compares to tone and between tonal and non‐tonal language speakers. The present fMRI study addressed these questions by testing Mandarin and German speakers with Mandarin material. Both groups categorised mono‐syllabic Mandarin words in terms of intonation, tone, and voice gender. Systematic comparisons of brain activity of the two groups between the three tasks showed large cross‐linguistic commonalities in the neural processing of intonation in left fronto‐parietal, right frontal, and bilateral cingulo‐opercular regions. These areas are associated with general phonological, specific prosodic, and controlled categorical decision‐making processes, respectively. Tone processing overlapped with intonation processing in left fronto‐parietal areas, in both groups, but evoked additional activity in bilateral temporo‐parietal semantic regions and subcortical areas in Mandarin speakers only. Together, these findings confirm cross‐linguistic commonalities in the neural implementation of intonation processing but dissociations for semantic processing of tone only in tonal language speakers.
Latent profiles of American and ethnic–racial identity in Latinx mothers and adolescents: Links to behavioral practices and cultural values.

Few studies have examined national identity processes in Latinx immigrant mothers and their children. This study uses a person-centered approach to examine how profiles of American and ethnic–racial identity are related to American and Latinx cultural values, group orientation, and socialization practices in a sample of 172 Latinx mother–youth dyads in an emerging immigrant community. Latent profile analyses produced a 4-profile solution for mothers (high-bicultural-, moderate-bicultural-, enculturated-, and assimilated-identity mothers) and a two-profile solution for youth (high- and low-bicultural identity) with respect to ethnic–racial and American identity. Mothers low in White cultural orientation and mainstream American values were more likely to be in the enculturated-identity profile, whereas mothers low in Latinx group orientation were more likely to be in the assimilated-identity profile. Likelihood of youth profile membership did not differ based on our covariates. Testing mean-level profile differences, high-bicultural mothers delivered the most frequent familism socialization messages and delivered more cultural socialization messages than assimilated and enculturated mothers. High-bicultural-identity youth reported receiving more familism socialization messages, but fewer promotion-of-mistrust messages than low-bicultural youth. Our results support past work finding relations between identifications, values, and behavioral practices for both host (Latinx) and receiving (American) cultures. Our study also highlights the fact that 3 of our 4 profiles of Latinx immigrant mothers (high-bicultural, moderate-bicultural, and assimilated mothers), an understudied population when it comes to national identity, are heavily incorporating a sense of being American into their identities.
The role of peer networks in adolescent pornography use and sexting in Croatia

ABSTRACT Although communication about sexuality is a significant pathway through which peers influence adolescent sexual development, little research has examined the role of peer networks in the use of sexualized media. We applied a social network approach to assess the role of close peers in adolescent pornography use and sexting in a sample of Croatian high school students. Sexual conversation networks’ characteristics did not correlate with pornography use. In contrast, sexting was associated with the proportion of same gender peers, the proportion of older peers and the proportion of sexually experienced peers in the network – pointing to the role of peer influence. Participants’ gender did not moderate these associations. Specific mechanisms underlying the observed associations and the role of peer selection remain important tasks for future research.
Sex × Gender and Sexual Orientation in Relation to Stress Hormones and Allostatic Load

In this selective review, emerging literature linking biological sex, sociocultural gender, and sexual orientation to stress hormone functioning and multisystemic physiological dysregulations are summarized. Beyond sex as a binary biological variable, continuums of sex hormones, gender roles, gender identity, and sexual orientation each uniquely help delineate pathways and mechanisms linked to stress-related disease trajectories. This implicates glucocorticoid functioning and allostatic load, the “wear and tear” of chronic stress in synergy with unhealthy behaviors. Clinical considerations are also discussed for the field of gender medicine.
On Multiantenna Spectrum Sensing and Energy-Aware Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks

This dissertation covers two main parts: 1) low complexity cyclostationarity based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, and 2) energy efficient resource allocation in cognitive radio networks. Cognitive radio allows unlicensed users (secondary users) to access the frequency spectrum allocated to licensed users (primary users). Secondary users are allowed to access the spectrum licensed to primary users in two ways: underlay and overlay. Under the overlay mode, secondary users need to sense the channel first and then decide whether to transmit based on the presence or absence of a primary signal. The underlay mode allows primary and secondary users access to the same channel simultaneously while constraining the transmitted power of secondary users so that it can be treated as background noise at primary users without exceeding the primary users noise floor. The most common sensing method is based on the energy distribution of the primary signal, however its performance is degraded when noise variance is not accurately known. For cyclostationary primary signals such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Gaussian filtered Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) signals, we exploit their statistical characteristics under both certain and uncertain Gaussian noise and propose a low complexity cyclostationaritybased spectrum sensing method for cognitive radio networks. Multiple receiving antennas are utilized to improve sensing performance. In addition to sensing complexity, energy efficiency has become a “hot” research topic due to the trend of sustainable energy and green wireless communication and networks. For mobile terminals with battery for power supply, the energy consumption issues are more serious because development of battery technology lags behind the development of wireless communication technologies. This dissertation also
Pornography addiction: The fabrication of a transient sexual disease

While pornography addiction currently circulates as a comprehensible, diagnosable, and describable way to make sense of some people’s ostensibly problematic relationship with pornography, such a comprehensive description of this relationship has only recently been made possible. The current analysis makes visible pornography addiction as situated within a varied history of concerns about pornography, masturbation, fantasy, and technology in an effort to bring to bear a conceptual critique of the modern concept of pornography addiction. Such a critique in turn works to offer an alternative to treating the study of pornography addiction as the discovery of a new disease, instead conceiving it as the propagation of old forms of knowledge under a new moniker.
Brain Inhibitory Mechanisms Are Involved in the Processing of Sentential Negation, Regardless of Its Content. Evidence From EEG Theta and Beta Rhythms

The two-step process account of negation understanding posits an initial representation of the negated events, followed by a representation of the actual state of events. On the other hand, behavioral and neurophysiological studies provided evidence that linguistic negation suppresses or reduces the activation of the negated events, contributing to shift attention to the actual state of events. However, the specific mechanism of this suppression is poorly known. Recently, based on the brain organization principle of neural reuse (Anderson, 2010), it has been proposed that understanding linguistic negation partially relies upon the neurophysiological mechanisms of response inhibition. Specifically, it was reported that negated action-related sentences modulate EEG signatures of response inhibition (de Vega et al., 2016; Beltrán et al., 2018). In the current EEG study, we ponder whether the reusing of response inhibition processes by negation is constrained to action-related contents or consists of a more general-purpose mechanism. To this end, we employed the same dual-task paradigm as in our prior study—a Go/NoGo task embedded into a sentence comprehension task—but this time including both action and non-action sentences. The results confirmed that the increase of theta power elicited by NoGo trials was modulated by negative sentences, compared to their affirmative counterparts, and this polarity effect was statistically similar for both action- and non-action-related sentences. Thus, a general-purpose inhibitory control mechanism, rather than one specific for action language, is likely operating in the comprehension of sentential negation to produce the transition between alternative representations.