Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sowing Black Hole Seeds: Direct Collapse Black Hole Formation with Realistic Lyman–Werner Radiation in Cosmological Simulations

We study the birth of supermassive black holes from the direct collapse process and characterize the sites where these black hole seeds form. In the pre-reionization epoch, molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient coolant, causing gas to fragment and form Population III stars, but Lyman–Werner radiation can suppress H2 formation and allow gas to collapse directly into a massive black hole. The critical flux required to inhibit H2 formation, Jcrit, is hotly debated, largely due to the uncertainties in the source radiation spectrum, H2 self-shielding, and collisional dissociation rates. Here, we test the power of the direct collapse model in a self-consistent, time-dependant, nonuniform Lyman–Werner radiation field—the first time such has been done in a cosmological volume—using an updated version of the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)+N-body tree code Gasoline with H2 nonequilibrium abundance tracking, H2 cooling, and a modern SPH implementation. We vary Jcrit from 30 to 103 in units of J21 to study how this parameter impacts the number of seed black holes and the type of galaxies that host them. We focus on black hole formation as a function of environment, halo mass, metallicity, and proximity of the Lyman–Werner source. Massive black hole seeds form more abundantly with lower Jcrit thresholds, but regardless of Jcrit, these seeds typically form in halos that have recently begun star formation. Our results do not confirm the proposed atomic cooling halo pair scenario; rather, black hole seeds predominantly form in low-metallicity pockets of halos that already host star formation.
The effects of gender on the success of a cohort of engineering students

The gender imbalance in the Australian engineering profession is significant and many engineering educators seek to redress this imbalance. This paper considers the implications of gender on the academic success of male and female students in engineering and spatial science programs. In 2004 the authors began a longitudinal study to identify the key predictors of academic success for a sample of 131 (18 females) on-campus students enrolled in first-year engineering and spatial science programs at the University of Southern Queensland (USQ). Earlier papers reported on the individual differences factors that influenced academic success, showing that previous education achievement (tertiary entrance score) was the key factor in predicting academic success for engineering students during their first year of study (Burton and Dowling, 2005; Dowling and Burton, 2005; Burton, Taylor, Dowling and Lawrence 2009). This paper explores the nature of the relationships between cognitive abilities (spatial and verbal skills), personality, and academic success, for male and female students while they were enrolled in their program. Analysis of the data showed that academic success in first year proved to be a significant predictor of success for the remaining years of the program, and that the personality traits Agreeableness and Emotional Stability contributed to this success. The data also shows that although the attrition rate for the females was more than that for male students, the females were generally successful in first year. Had they continued, they would have successfully completed their engineering program because they had experienced success and had the cognitive abilities and personality traits that predicted success in the longer term.
SUZAKU OBSERVATION OF THE BLACK HOLE BINARY 4U 1630–47 IN THE VERY HIGH STATE

We report the results from an X-ray and near-infrared observation of the Galactic black hole binary 4U 1630–47 in the very high state (VHS), performed with Suzaku and the Infrared Survey Facility around the peak of the 2012 September–October outburst. The X-ray spectrum is approximated by a steep power law, with photon index of 3.2, identifying the source as being in the VHS. A more detailed fit shows that the X-ray continuum is well described by a multicolor disk, together with thermal and nonthermal Comptonization. The inner disk appears slightly truncated by comparison with a previous high/soft state of this source, even taking into account energetic coupling between the disk and corona, although there are uncertainties due to the dust-scattering correction. The near-infrared fluxes are higher than the extrapolated disk model, showing that there is a contribution from irradiation in the outer disk and/or the companion star at these wavelengths. Our X-ray spectra do not show the Doppler-shifted iron emission lines indicating a baryonic jet that were seen four days previously in an XMM-Newton observation, despite the source being in a similar state. There are also no significant absorption lines from highly ionized iron lines as are seen in the previous high/soft state data. We show that the increased source luminosity is not enough on its own to make the wind so highly ionized as to be undetectable. This shows that the disk wind has changed in terms of its launch radius and/or density compared to the high/soft state.
Process technology and integration of an LED driver using chip-embedding technology

System integration for LED lighting is facing the challenge of providing many additional smart functions in one housing of small form factor. A possible way to integrate more functionality into smaller volume is a system in package (SiP) approach which combines e. g. logic and power chips. Chip-embedding in laminate technology based on copper leadframes is an attractive technology for SiP. In this paper we show how to enable chip-embedding technology to integrate both logic and power functions in one package. As key enablers we identified diffusion soldering die-attach for power dies, laser direct imaging for structuring of low parasitic redistribution layers, warpage and distortion compensation, and complexity reduction in material processing. We present the results of a functional LED light engine built with our flexible 3D-SiP approach based on chip-embedding in laminate. The footprint of the light engine’s power supply subsystem could be reduced by a factor of 3.8 in comparison to using standard packaged components. We verified a process chain for 3D-assembly of surface mount devices on top of the chip-embedding package, and for soldering of this 3D-SiP to the light engine board. The manufacturability of the 3D-SiP we demonstrated in a productive surface mount technology line.
Sensory Evaluation and Acceptability of Soy -yogurt with Different Grouping of Treatments

Yoghurt produced from soy milk are considered to have poor consumer acceptability and sensory attributes. Development in flavor and texture of soy milk yogurt needs a grouping of treatments. The present study employed some treatments including thermal, added flavor essence, sweetener, and animal's milk-based products to develop soy milk yoghurt. Proximate analysis and consumer studies were carried out on the 10 soy milk yogurt formulations. The current study proposed that Gorgan 3 soybean variety created better soy yogurt than Pershing variety. By adding animal's milk-based products on soy yogurt can be improved taste and also make a good texture. Adding fruit (banana and orange) flavor essences and colors with sweetener (sucrose) increases the reception of the soy yogurt. Samples of soy yogurt formulations with the most preferred sensory attributes were the samples containing 1% skimmed milk powder; 2% sucrose with orange flavor essence; and 2% sucrose with banana flavor essence.
A study of gross congenital malformation at birth

Background: A congenital anomaly is a structural anomaly of any type that is present at birth. Congenital anomalies may be induced by genetic or environmental factors. Most congenital anomalies, however, show the familial patterns expected of multi-factorial inheritance. The aims and objective of this study were to study the incidence of visible congenital malformations at birth, to study risk factors, to find associated internal malformations.Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary care hospital affiliated to a medical college. The Inclusion criteria include all new-borns delivered in the hospital with visible congenital malformations examined within 48 hours of birth. Extramural babies were included if they had presented within 48 hours after birth. The Exclusion criteria include still births were excluded from the study.Results: Percentage of congenital malformation was 1.32%. Most common systems involved were musculoskeletal system (46.34%) followed by genitourinary system (21.34%) and gastrointestinal system (14.02%). Conclusions: All Babies with gross congenital malformation should be screened for internal malformation. The incidence of CNS malformation has reduced than observed in previous studies which suggest awareness about antenatal folic acid supplementation. Other than CNS anomalies, other system anomalies were not diagnosed antenatally despite antenatal ultrasound being done in maximum number of mothers, which suggest use of 3D or 4D scan antenatally.
Classroom Ready? Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy for Their First Professional Experience Placement

: This study investigates the level of teacher self-efficacy (TSE) among 90 secondary preservice teachers (PSTs) before their first teaching practice and the factors which influenced their ratings. The Scale for Teacher Self-Efficacy (STSE) (Pfitzner-Eden, Thiel, & Horsley, 2014) was adapted by adding some open-ended questions. Data were analysed via SPSS and NVivo separately. Results show a relatively lower level of TSE compared with previous research and classroom management was of greatest concern. PSTs reported factors such as lacking teaching experience, previous informal teaching and other relevant experience, teacher education program, personal qualities and characteristics, and teacher-student relationship. Implications, limitations, and suggestions from the study are discussed.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM L. BULBS AND ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE RHIZOMES AS IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS

Irrigation of the root canals with antibacterial solutions is a mandatory step to reduce or eliminate micro-organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of garlic and ginger as irrigating solutions. The ethanolic extracts of garlic bulbs, ginger rhizomes and 2% solution of CHX were prepared. Forty single rooted teeth canal were divided into 3 groups according to the irrigant used, in addition to the positive control group where the roots were irrigated with sterile distilled water and a negative control group in which the roots were uninfected with E. faecalis. The teeth were filled with 30 μl of E. faecalis suspension and incubated for 1 week at 37oC. They were prepared mechanically using protaper rotary files both shaper and finisher, each root was irrigated successively with 1 ml of the tested irrigant after each file and then 3 ml as a final flush. After chemo- mechanical preparation, samples were evaluated for antibacterial evaluation using brain heart infusion agar method. The components of the ethanolic extracts of garlic bulbs and ginger rhizomes were identified using LC/ESI-MS analysis. The highest antibacterial activity was observed in ginger extract followed by 2% CHX solution, and garlic extract. Zingerone, gingerol and [6]-shogaol were the major components determined in ginger extract using LC/ESI-MS, while garlic extract was rich in di-2-propenyldisulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiocyclohex4-ene and di-2-propenyltrisulfide. The ethanolic extracts of both garlic bulbs and ginger WO
Effect of Strategic Feed Supplementation during Gestation on Intake, Blood-biochemical Profile and Reproductive Performance of Goats

Effect of strategically supplemented pregnancy allowance was ascertained during different phases of gestation on the reproductive performance of does. Gravid does (18) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments HH, HL and LH in a completely randomized block design. All does were provided wheat straw ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate mixture at the rate of 20 g/kgW 0.75 from 0-60 days post-mating. Subsequently, HH group was given concentrate at the rate of 40 g/kgW 0.75 from 61 d post-mating to term. HL group was offered concentrate from 61-90 d post-mating and 121d post mating to term at the rate of 20 g/kg W 0.75 and from 91-120 d post-mating at the rate of 40 g/kg W 0.75 . LH group was provided with concentrate from 61 to 120 d post-mating and 121 to term at the rate of 20 g and 40 g/kgW 0.75 , respectively. Mean total dry matter and concentrate intake (g/kgW 0.75 ) was significantly higher on HH in comparison to comparable intake of HL and LH treatments, however, wheat straw followed the reverse trend. Haematological and biochemical parameters except serum glucose, total serum protein and A:G ratio did not differ significantly among dietary treatments. The gross gain in weight, products of pregnancy at 21 weeks of gestation, pregnant does average daily gain, birth weight of kids and survivability of kids were significantly lower in treatment HL in comparison to comparable values for HH and LH treatments. The net gain in gravid does was significantly higher in treatment HH than the comparable values obtained in HL and LH treatments. The last month of pregnancy was found to be nutritionally most sensitive period of gestation for native goats. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 12 : 1725-1731)
Quantitative criteria for species delimitation

Species are the fundamental units of biology, ecology and conservation, and progress in these fields is therefore hampered by widespread taxonomic bias and uncertainty. Numerous operational techniques based on molecular or phenotypic data have been designed to overcome this problem, yet existing procedures remain subjective or inconsistent, particularly when applying the biological species concept. We address this issue by developing quantitative methods for a classic technique in systematic zoology, namely the use of divergence between undisputed sympatric species as a yardstick for assessing the taxonomic status of allopatric forms. We calculated mean levels of differentiation in multiple phenotypic characters ‐ including biometrics, plumage and voice ‐ for 58 sympatric or parapatric species-pairs from 29 avian families. We then used estimates of mean divergence to develop criteria for species delimitation based on data-driven thresholds. Preliminary tests show that these criteria result in relatively few changes to avian taxonomy in Europe, yet are capable of extensive reassignment of species limits in poorly known tropical regions. While we recognize that species limits are in many cases inherently arbitrary, we argue that our system can be applied to the global avifauna to deliver taxonomic decisions with a high level of objectivity, consistency and transparency.
A field study of the effects of elevated CO2 on ecosystem processes in a Chesapeake Bay Wetland

Open top chambers are being used in a long-term project to determine the effects of elevated CO2 on ecosystem processes on a Chesapeake Bay wetland. Three communities are studied: mono-specific stands of the C3 sedge, Scirpus olneyi, and the C4 grass, Spartina patens, and a mixed community of these two species and the C4 grass, Distichlis spicata. Treatment began in the spring of 1987 and will continue through the 1994 growing season. During the first 4 years of exposure, elevated CO2 had the following effects on mono-specific stands of the C3 sedge, Scirpus olneyi: increased quantum yield and photosynthetic capacity, reduced dark respiration, increased numbers of shoots, roots and rhizomes, reduced nitrogen concentration of all tissues, increased nitrogen fixation and increased ecosystem carbon accumulation. In a mixed community of the sedge and C4 grass species, Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata, biomass of the C3 component increased over 100% and this was accompanied by decreased biomass in the C4 component of the community. Elevated CO2 reduced water loss, increased water potential and delayed senescence in all three species. Many factors contributed to CO2 stimulated carbon accumulation in the plant community dominated by the C3 sedge, Scirpus olneyi, including: sustained high photosynthetic capacity, decreased respiration, delayed senescence, and allocation of the additional carbon to roots and rhizomes. The complex interaction of these diverse responses suggests that the rising atmospheric CO2 may have a significant impact on ecosystem processes.
Short Term Gain, Long Term Pain. The Effect of Informal Job Search Methods on Post-Displacement Outcomes.

Informal job search methods could alleviate short-term labour market difficulties of displaced workers by providing information on job opportu- nities, allowing them to signal their productivity and may mitigate wage losses through better post-displacement job matching. However if dis- placement results from reductions in demand for specific sectors/skills, the use of informal job search methods may increase the risk of job insta- bility. We examine the effect of jobs search methods on post-displacement outcomes. While informal job search methods are associated with shorter unemployment duration, and lower wage losses, they lead to increased job instability and increased risk of subsequent job displacement.
C 5 glycolipids of heterocystous cyanobacteria track symbiont abundance in the diatom Hemiaulus hauckii across the tropical North Atlantic

Abstract. Diatom–diazotroph associations (DDAs) include marine heterocystous cyanobacteria found as exosymbionts and endosymbionts in multiple diatom species. Heterocysts are the site of N2 fixation and have thickened cell walls containing unique heterocyst glycolipids which maintain a low oxygen environment within the heterocyst. The endosymbiotic cyanobacterium Richelia intracellularis found in species of the diatom genus Hemiaulus and Rhizosolenia makes heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) which are composed of C30 and C32 diols and triols with pentose (C5) moieties that are distinct from limnetic cyanobacterial HGs with predominantly hexose (C6) moieties. Here we applied a method for analysis of intact polar lipids to the study of HGs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediment from across the tropical North Atlantic. The study focused on the Amazon plume region, where DDAs are documented to form extensive surface blooms, in order to examine the utility of C5 HGs as markers for DDAs as well as their transportation to underlying sediments. C30 and C32 triols with C5 pentose moieties were detected in both marine SPM and surface sediments. We found a significant correlation between the water column concentration of these long-chain C5 HGs and DDA symbiont counts. In particular, the concentrations of both the C5 HGs (1-(O-ribose)-3,27,29-triacontanetriol (C5 HG30 triol) and 1-(O-ribose)-3,29,31-dotriacontanetriol (C5 HG32 triol)) in SPM exhibited a significant correlation with the number of Hemiaulus hauckii symbionts. This result strengthens the idea that long-chain C5 HGs can be applied as biomarkers for marine endosymbiotic heterocystous cyanobacteria. The presence of the same C5 HGs in surface sediment provides evidence that they are effectively transported to the sediment and hence have potential as biomarkers for studies of the contribution of DDAs to the paleo-marine N cycle.
Loss of SH 3 Domain – Binding Protein 2 Function Suppresses Bone Destruction in Tumor Necrosis Factor – Driven and Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Objective. SH3 domain–binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) is a signaling adapter protein that regulates the immune and skeletal systems. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of SH3BP2 in arthritis using 2 experimental mouse models, i.e., human tumor necrosis factor –transgenic (hTNF-Tg) mice and mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods. First, Sh3bp2 / and wild-type (Sh3bp2 / ) mice were crossed with hTNF-Tg mice. Inflammation and bone loss were examined by clinical inspection and histologic and micro computed tomography analysis, and osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using primary bone marrow–derived macrophage colony-stimulating factor–dependent macrophages (BMMs). Second, CIA was induced in Sh3bp2 / and Sh3bp2 / mice, and the incidence and severity of arthritis were evaluated. Anti–mouse type II collagen (CII) antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and lymph node cell responses to CII were determined. Results. SH3BP2 deficiency did not alter the severity of joint swelling but did suppress bone erosion in the hTNF-Tg mouse model. Bone loss at the talus and tibia was prevented in Sh3bp2 / /hTNF-Tg mice compared to Sh3bp2 / /hTNF-Tg mice. RANKLand TNF -induced osteoclastogenesis was suppressed in Sh3bp2 / mouse BMM cultures. NF-ATc1 nuclear localization in response to TNF was decreased in Sh3bp2 / mouse BMMs compared to Sh3bp2 / mouse BMMs. In the CIA model, SH3BP2 deficiency suppressed the incidence of arthritis and this was associated with decreased anti-CII antibody production, while antigen-specific T cell responses in lymph nodes were not significantly different between Sh3bp2 / and Sh3bp2 / mice. Conclusion. SH3BP2 deficiency prevents loss of bone via impaired osteoclastogenesis in the hTNF-Tg mouse model and suppresses the induction of arthritis via decreased autoantibody production in the CIA model. Therefore, SH3BP2 could potentially be a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis.
Burnout syndrome impacts on quality of life in nursing professionals: The contribution of perceived social support

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Purpose: To examine the impacts of burnout that has in health-related quality of life (QOL) in nursing staff in Greece. The association of social support with burnout and QOL is also investigated. Materials and methods: Individuals working in Mental and General Hospitals in the broader area of Athens participated in this study (N.139). The measurement tools include a) the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), b) the SF-36 Health Survey and c. the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Burnout and QOL are expected to be related to the evaluation of social environment. Results: The results indicated the impacts that burnout has on quality of life and the positive effect of social support for nursing professionals in the levels of burnout. Conclusions: There is an association between burnout, quality of life and social support. Social support and sociodemographic factors appear to affect the levels of burnout to Psychiatric and General Hospital.
Incentive Schemes, Sorting and Behavioral Biases of Employees: Experimental Evidence

We investigate how the convexity of a firm's incentives interacts with worker overconfidence to affect sorting decisions and performance. We demonstrate, experimentally, that overconfident employees are more likely to sort into a nonlinear incentive scheme over a linear one, even though this reduces pay for many subjects and despite the presence of clear feedback. Additionally, the linear scheme attracts demotivated, underconfident workers who perform below their ability. Our findings suggest that firms may design incentive schemes that adapt to the behavioral biases of employees to "sort in" ("sort away") attractive (unattractive) employees; such schemes may also reduce a firm's wage bill. (JEL D03, D83, J24, J31, M12)