Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual maturation in the female rhesus monkey and the development of estrogen-induced gonadotropic hormone release.

The subcutaneous administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) consistently induces acute discharges of LH and FSH in adult female rhesus monkeys but not in sexually immature animals. To determine when, during the course of sexual maturation, the hypothalamo-hypophysial unit becomes competent to respond to estrogen, single injections of EB were administered to females at various times before and after the first spontaneous vaginal bleeding. Estrogen induced gonadotropin surges were not demonstrable until 4-8 months after menarche. The pituitaries of 6 premenarchial monkeys responded to the administration of synthetic LRF by a release of gonadotropin and their content of FSH was in the adult range. Spontaneous cyclic gonadotropin discharges, which eventuated in ovulation, first occurred approximately a year after menarche. The functioning of the control system that responds to the positive feedback action of estrogen could not be advanced by chronic treatment with estradiol or progesterone. (Endocrinology 94: .
David Clarke’s Analytical Archaeology at 50

ABSTRACT David Clarke’s Analytical Archaeology (1968) has been seen as a pivotal work that emerged when new ideas and approaches were transforming archaeology as a discipline. However, the authors contend that some of its key ideas have only been picked up on and given closer consideration in more recent years. At the 50th anniversary of its publication, the authors outline the central ideas discussed in Analytical Archaeology and evaluate its role in ongoing discussions. They conclude that in the light of recent work, which can demonstrably be seen as revisiting some of its central themes, there is much to be gained in contemporary archaeological discussion by revisiting Clarke’s book.
Strengthening the prevention of periodontal disease: the WHO approach.

BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the burden of periodontal disease in adult populations worldwide, to emphasize the essential risk factors common to periodontal disease and chronic diseases, to outline important new strategies for effective prevention of periodontal disease, and to inform about the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in developing a national capacity for the prevention of disease. METHODS Information about periodontal health status as measured by the Community Periodontal Index system is stored in the WHO Global Oral Health Data Bank. Updated information concerning WHO standard age groups was used to describe the prevalence rates of signs of periodontal disease, i.e., gingival bleeding, periodontal pocketing, and loss of attachment. RESULTS Gingival bleeding is highly prevalent among adult populations in all regions of the world; advanced disease with deep periodontal pockets (> or =6 mm) affects approximately 10% to 15% of adults worldwide. The available evidence shows that important risk factors for periodontal disease relate to poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, and diabetes mellitus. Integrated preventive strategies based on the common risk factors approach are recommended for public health practice. CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of countries need to establish a surveillance system for measuring progress in the control of periodontal disease and promotion of oral health. WHO has designed approaches for the integration of oral disease prevention within the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases, and global strategies are currently being implemented in all regions of the world.
Cancer risks from CT scans: now we have data, what next?

Ten years after the suggestion that CT scans might produce a small cancer risk, Pearce et al have shown that this is almost certainly the case, and they have confirmed the numerical magnitude of the risks; more complete epidemiologic studies are needed and several are indeed in progress, but in the interim, estimation of medical radiation risks based on atomic bomb survivor data appears to yield reasonable results.
Vacuolar sorting receptor for seed storage proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

The seeds of higher plants accumulate large quantities of storage protein. During seed maturation, storage protein precursors synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum are sorted to protein storage vacuoles, where they are converted into the mature forms and accumulated. Previous attempts to determine the sorting machinery for storage proteins have not been successful. Here we show that a type I membrane protein, AtVSR1/AtELP, of Arabidopsis functions as a sorting receptor for storage proteins. The atvsr1 mutant missorts storage proteins by secreting them from cells, resulting in an enlarged and electron-dense extracellular space in the seeds. The atvsr1 seeds have distorted cells and smaller protein storage vacuoles than do WT seeds, and atvsr1 seeds abnormally accumulate the precursors of two major storage proteins, 12S globulin and 2S albumin, together with the mature forms of these proteins. AtVSR1 was found to bind to the C-terminal peptide of 12S globulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate a receptor-mediated transport of seed storage proteins to protein storage vacuoles in higher plants.
Levetiracetam Intravenous Infusion: A Randomized, Placebo‐controlled Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study

Summary: Purpose: The primary objective of this placebo‐controlled study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) administered intravenously (IV) at higher doses and/or at a faster infusion rate than proposed. The secondary objective was to assess LEV pharmacokinetics.
Characterization of a Chromosomal Gene Encoding Type B β-Lactamase in Phage Group II Isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT In contrast to most Staphylococcus aureus isolates in which the gene for staphylococcal β-lactamase (blaZ) is plasmid borne, isolates typeable by group II bacteriophages frequently carry blaZ on the chromosome. Furthermore, the chromosomal gene encodes the type B variant of staphylococcal β-lactamase for which the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences have not yet been reported. To better understand β-lactamase production among phage group II staphylococci and the nature of the type B β-lactamase, we determined the type and amount of enzyme produced by 24 phage group II isolates. Of these isolates, 1 did not produce β-lactamase, 8 produced the type B enzyme, and 15 produced the type C enzyme. In all eight type B β-lactamase-producing isolates, blaZ was located on the chromosome. This was in contrast to the type C β-lactamase-producing isolates, in which blaZ was located on a 21-kb plasmid. The nucleotide sequence corresponding to the leader peptide and the N-terminal 85% of the mature exoenzyme form of type BS. aureus was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed 3 residues in the leader peptide and 12 residues in the exoenzyme portion of the β-lactamase that differ from the prototypic type A β-lactamase sequence. These include the serine-to-asparagine change at residue 216 found in the kinetically similar type C enzyme, a threonine-to-lysine change at residue 128 close to the SDN loop (residues 130 to 132), and several substitutions not found in any of the other staphylococcal β-lactamases. In summary, modern isolates ofS. aureus typeable by group II phages produce type B or type C staphylococcal β-lactamase. The type B gene resides on the chromosome and has a sequence that, when compared to the sequences of the other staphylococcal β-lactamases, corresponds well with its kinetic properties.
HIV-Positive Mothers’ Communication About Safer Sex and STD Prevention With Their Children

Mothers play an important role in promoting the sexual health of their adolescent children. Fifty-seven HIV-positive mothers with adolescent children participated in an in-depth, qualitative interview regarding whether they have talked to their children about safer sex and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention, including at what age they began such discussions and what messages they gave to their children. The majority of mothers (95%) had talked with their child about safer sex; some began such discussions when the children were as young as 6 years old, but most began when the children were around 12 years old. Mothers’ messages fell into the following areas: (a) protecting oneself from STDs; (b) giving factual information regarding STDs, including HIV; (c) avoiding pregnancy; (d) empowering and respecting oneself; and (e) communicating with sexual partners. The mothers’ own HIV status affected the discussions with their children. Content of mothers’ messages, child reactions, and child outcomes are discussed.
Inheritance of Egg Quality Traits in the Japanese Quail

A tot al of 471 eggs were collected from 205 female Japanese quails at 20 weeks of age in 3 consecutive days. The mixed model least-squares and maximum likelihood computer programme of Harvey (1990) was applied to estimate heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations of egg quality traits. The heritabilities of egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, shell thickness, albumen width, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk width and yolk height were 0.37±0.09, 0.15±0.03, 0.40±0.17, 0.46±0.03, 0.52±0.03, 0.23±0.02, 0.27±0.14, 0.30±0.08, 0.11±0.03 and 0.11±0.02, respectively. The genetic correlations among egg quality traits ranged from -0.13 to 0.97. The phenotypic correlation between egg weight and albumen width, albumen height, yolk width and yolk height were positive and significant (P<0.001). The results indicate a Haugh unit that can support embryo development and successful hatching. It also suggests that selection would be effective in improving some egg quality traits.
Spectrum prediction and channel selection for sensing-based spectrum sharing scheme using online learning techniques

The cognitive radio technology allows secondary user (SU) to share the licensed spectrum by adapting its transmission power in a sensing-based spectrum sharing manner. Reliable spectrum prediction and channel selection could alleviate the processing delays and enhance the spectrum utilization. In this paper, we propose a new strategy for spectrum prediction and channel selection using online machine learning techniques, which consists of three stages: 1) SU utilizes online learning techniques for the regression of received transmit power on different licenced frequency bands; 2) SU predicts the probability of each primary user's status (busy/idle) based on the power regression results; 3) SU optimizes channel selection in terms of expected ergodic capacities from the prediction outcomes. The proposed strategy can not only save time and energy, but also enhance the throughput of SU. The performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated through extensive simulations.
A comprehensive review of bioimpedance spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for the detection and measurement of breast cancer‐related lymphedema

As treatment for breast cancer improves and the threat of life‐long chronic lymphedema becomes more prevalent, the need for effective screening tools emerges as crucial. This review was conducted using literature beginning in 1992 to analyze primary research testing the accuracy of bioimpedance spectroscopy as a diagnostic and early detection tool for breast cancer‐related lymphedema. We concluded bioimpedance is an accurate diagnostic tool for pre‐existent lymphedema, however, it has not been validated for early detection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:537–542. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The bioelectrical basis and validity of gastrointestinal extracellular slow wave recordings

• Extracellular recording techniques are commonly used to measure bioelectrical activity. However, the validity of gastrointestinal extracellular recordings has recently been challenged. • In this joint experimental and modelling study, slow waves were recorded during contractile inhibition, biphasic and monophasic slow wave potentials were recorded simultaneously, and the biophysical basis of extracellular potentials was modelled with comparison to experimental data. • The results showed that in vivo extracellular techniques reliably recorded slow waves in the absence of contractions, and potentials recorded using conventional serosal electrodes (biphasic) were concordant in phase and morphology with those recorded using suction electrodes (monophasic). • Modelling further demonstrated that the morphology of experimental recordings is consistent with the biophysics underlying slow wave depolarisation. • In total, these results demonstrate that gastrointestinal extracellular recordings are valid when performed and analysed correctly, reliably representing bioelectrical slow wave events. Motion suppression is not routinely required for in vivo extracellular studies.
Effect of anticoccidial monensin with oregano essential oil on broilers experimentally challenged with mixed Eimeria spp.

Essential oil of oregano ( OEO: ) has proven to be a potential candidate for controlling chicken coccidiosis. The aim of the current study is to determine whether OEO and an approved anticoccidial, monensin sodium ( MON: ), as in-feed supplements could create a synergism when combined at low dosages. Day-old broiler chickens were separated into six equal groups with six replicate pens of 36 birds. One of the groups was given a basal diet and served as the control ( CNT: ). The remaining groups received the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg MON, 50 mg/kg MON, 24 mg/kg OEO, 12 mg/kg OEO, or 50 mg/kg MON + 12 mg/kg OEO. All of the chickens were challenged with field-type mixed Eimeria species at 12 d of age. Following the infection (i.e., d 13 to 42), the greatest growth gains and lowest feed conversion ratio values were recorded for the group of birds fed 100 mg/kg MON (P < 0.05), whereas results for the CNT treatment were inferior. Dietary OEO supplementations could not support growth to a level comparable with the MON (100 mg/kg). The MON programs were more efficacious in reducing fecal oocyst numbers compared to CNT and OEO treatments (P < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations were decreased (P < 0.01), whereas superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and total antioxidant status (P < 0.01) were increased in response to dietary medication with MON and OEO. All MON and OEO treatments conferred intestinal health benefits to chickens by improving their morphological development and enzymatic activities. The results suggest that OEO supported the intestinal absorptive capacity and antioxidant defense system during Eimeria infection; however, it displayed little direct activity on the reproductive capacity of Eimeria This might be the reason for inferior compensatory growth potential of OEO compared to that MON following the challenge. Combination MON with OEO was not considered to show promise for controlling chicken coccidiosis because of the lack of a synergistic or additive effect.
Carbohydrate feedings and exercise performance: effect of initial muscle glycogen concentration.

To determine whether the ergogenic benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) feedings are affected by preexercise muscle glycogen levels, eight cyclists performed four self-paced time trials on an isokinetic ergometer over a simulated distance of 70 km. Trials were performed under the following preexercise muscle glycogen and beverage conditions: 1) high glycogen (180.2 +/- 9.7 mmol/kg wet wt) with a CHO beverage (HG-CHO), 2) high glycogen (170.2 +/- 10.4 mmol/kg wet wt) with a non-CHO beverage (HG-NCHO), 3) low glycogen (99.8 +/- 6.0 mmol/kg wet wt) with a CHO beverage (LG-CHO), and 4) low glycogen (109.7 +/- 5.3 mmol/kg wet wt) with a non-CHO beverage (LG-NCHO). The CHO drink (ingested at the onset of exercise and every 10 km thereafter) provided 116 +/- 6 g CHO/trial and prevented the decline in serum glucose observed during both NCHO trials. Performance times ranged from 117.93 +/- 1.44 (HG-CHO) to 122.91 +/- 2.46 min (LG-NCHO). No intertrial differences (P > 0.05) were observed for O2 consumption (75% of maximal O2 consumption), power output (237 W), or self-selected pace (8.44 min/5 km) during the initial 71-79% of exercise. Over the final 14% of the time trial, power output and pace (231 W and 8.62 min/5 km) were similar for the HG-CHO, HG-NCHO, and LG-CHO conditions, but both variables were significantly lower during the LG-NCHO trial (198 W and 9.67 min/5 km, P < 0.05 vs. all other trials). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association genetics, geography and ecophysiology link stomatal patterning in Populus trichocarpa with carbon gain and disease resistance trade‐offs

Stomata are essential for diffusive entry of gases to support photosynthesis, but may also expose internal leaf tissues to pathogens. To uncover trade‐offs in range‐wide adaptation relating to stomata, we investigated the underlying genetics of stomatal traits and linked variability in these traits with geoclimate, ecophysiology, condensed foliar tannins and pathogen susceptibility in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). Upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) leaf stomatal traits were measured from 454 accessions collected throughout much of the species range. We calculated broad‐sense heritability (H2) of stomatal traits and, using SNP data from a 34K Populus SNP array, performed a genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover genes underlying stomatal trait variation. H2 values for stomatal traits were moderate (average H2 = 0.33). GWAS identified genes associated primarily with adaxial stomata, including polarity genes (PHABULOSA), stomatal development genes (BRASSINOSTEROID‐INSENSITIVE 2) and disease/wound‐response genes (GLUTAMATE‐CYSTEINE LIGASE). Stomatal traits correlated with latitude, gas exchange, condensed tannins and leaf rust (Melampsora) infection. Latitudinal trends of greater adaxial stomata numbers and guard cell pore size corresponded with higher stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (Amax), faster shoot elongation, lower foliar tannins and greater Melampsora susceptibility. This suggests an evolutionary trade‐off related to differing selection pressures across the species range. In northern environments, more adaxial stomata and larger pore sizes reflect selection for rapid carbon gain and growth. By contrast, southern genotypes have fewer adaxial stomata, smaller pore sizes and higher levels of condensed tannins, possibly linked to greater pressure from natural leaf pathogens, which are less significant in northern ecosystems.
Explanations for the Rise of Soybean in Brazil

In this same period, soybean culture reached the state of “Rio Grande do Sul”, where climat‐ ic conditions are similar to the southern U.S. The original introductory varieties came from the southern U.S. Soybean production first occurred in the city of Santa Rosa in the state of “Rio Grande do Sul”, in 1914 [1]. Research began during the 1930’s with the following breeding objectives: increased productivity; greater plant height and appropriate pod height to facilitate mechanization; development of lodging and pest resistance, and increased seed quality with high oil yield and protein [3].
Simulation of a novel approach of accurate solar Photovoltaic array

There is a need for an accurate method for modeling the Photovoltaic (PV) cell, because the modeling of PV cell is based on manufacturer datasheet. The manufacturer datasheet is recorded under standard test condition (STC) and under laboratory conditions, especially the PV cell temperature, where the temperature used in modeling is ambient temperature, but in the real operation of a PV cell, there are huge differences between ambient temperature and PV cell temperature. Therefore, in this paper a novel approach is used for modeling a PV array by the use of back of panel temperature and real life recorded data (outdoor data). The developed model gives a real life operation condition according to the simulation results, which is compared with validation data (real life data).
Handwritten Text Verification on Mobile Devices

In this work we propose an online verification system for both signature and isolated cursive words. The proposed system is designed to be used in a mobile device with limited computational capability. In the proposed scenario it is assumed that the user will use either his fingertip or a passive pen, therefore no azimuth or inclination information is available. Isolated words have certain desirable traits that can be more useful on a mobile device. Different isolated words can be used to verify the user in different applications, combining a knowledge-based security systems (i.e. passwords) with a behavioral biometric verification system. The proposed technique can achieve 4:39% of equal error rate for signatures and 6:5% for isolated words.
Antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers and root-end filling materials in dentin blocks infected ex vivo with Enterococcus faecalis

Abstract Objective. The aim was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the root-end filling materials MTA and IRM, different endodontic sealers and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] in experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Materials and methods. Ninety-four human root segments were prepared and the root canals were enlarged to ISO size 90. After smear removal, the specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks. The roots were divided into eight groups and filled either with MTA, IRM, Ca(OH)2, gutta-percha and EndoRez (ER)/GuttaFlow (GF)/AH Plus (AH+) or with Resilon and Epiphany (EpRe). One group of specimens was left unfilled for control. Half of the specimens were treated for 1 day and the other half for 7 days in humid conditions at 37°C. Dentin samples from each canal were collected by enlarging the canals to ISO size 150; thus a dentinal depth of 300 µm was sampled. The number of cultivable bacteria was determined for each specimen. Statistical significance was set to 5%. Results. After 1-day or 7-days of treatment, compared to control, all materials (except ER and GF at day 7) significantly reduced the number of bacteria. At day 1 and day 7, no significant difference was found between ER and GF and between Ca(OH)2, AH+, EpRe, IRM and MTA. However, a significant difference was found between these two groups of materials (except between GF and EpRe at day 7). Significantly more bacteria were cultured in the ER, GF, EpRe and IRM groups at day 7 compared to day 1. Conclusions. All materials exerted varying degrees of antibacterial activity which generally tended to decrease with time. The most stable antibacterial effect throughout the 7-day period was for Ca(OH)2, AH+ and MTA.