Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Adolescent Drug Use

Abstract There is widespread agreement that estimates of adolescent drug use prevalence from the National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (NHSDA) and Monitoring the Future (MTF) are subject to considerable measurement error. Nevertheless, some have suggested that trends over time in these prevalence estimates probably reflect true trends in drug use, since underreporting may be assumed to be constant over time. A recent National Research Council report criticizes this assumption on logical grounds. The present study examines adolescent drug use responses on the NHSDA and MTF for evidence of “drug omission,” “jargon confusion” and “conceptual confusion,” three types of misreporting expected to vary in magnitude with changes in drug use practices and changes in survey items. Results demonstrate that adolescent drug users are significantly more likely than adults to report use of drugs not listed in the NHSDA. Among adolescents who wrote in the “other” drugs they used, 66% and 86% of hallucinogen and inhalant responses showed confusion over the meaning of the pharmacological terms used in the NHSDA. Almost 20% of MTF respondents who report lifetime use of Rohypnol or ecstasy, when specifically queried about these drugs, deny lifetime use of any substances in the drug classes intended to assess use of Rohypnol and ecstasy. MTF respondents reporting lifetime use of PCP underreport use of hallucinogens at rates that vary substantially over time, from a high of 45% (in 1986), to a low of just 8% (in 1998). The implications of these findings for adolescent drug use prevalence estimation and survey design are discussed.
Randomized, double-blind study with glycerol and paraffin in uremic xerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Uremic xerosis is a bothersome condition that is poorly responsive to moisturizing and emollient therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A randomized, double-blind, intraindividual (left versus right comparison), multicentric clinical study was performed on 100 patients with moderate to severe uremic xerosis for 7 days, during which the patients applied twice daily an emulsion combining glycerol and paraffin (test product) on one allocated lower leg, and the emulsion alone (comparator) on the other lower leg. This was followed by an open-labeled use of the test product on all of the xerotic areas for 49 days. The main efficacy parameter was treatment response on each lower leg, as defined by a reduction from baseline of at least two grades in a five-point clinical score on day 7. RESULTS Among the 99 patients analyzed, the test product was highly effective with a treatment response in 72 patients (73%), whereas 44 patients (44%) responded to the comparator (P<0.0001, intergroup analysis). This was associated with an objective reduction in the density and thickness of the scales on day 7 (P<0.0001 compared with the comparator) and a substantial improvement of the uremic pruritus (75%) and quality of life of the patients at study end (P<0.001, intragroup analysis). The test product was very well tolerated, with product-related local intolerance (exacerbated pruritus, local burning, or erythema) occurring in only five patients (5%). CONCLUSIONS Uremic xerosis can be managed successfully when an appropriate emollient therapy is used.
The Young's Procedure for Severe Epistaxis from Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Background Surgical treatment of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) has historically been managed with the laser procedure or the septodermoplasty procedure. For transfusion-dependent patients with severe epistaxis we have been performing the Young's procedure or surgical closure of the nostrils. The objective of this study was to report treatment of severe epistaxis related to HHT with the Young's procedure and assess patient outcome. Methods Patients with severe iron or blood transfusion–dependent epistaxis who underwent a Young's procedure in three otolaryngology HHT centers were reviewed. Patients were evaluated for postoperative epistaxis and subjective outcome. Results Forty-three patients underwent a Young's procedure for severe epistaxis and were observed for a mean of 34 months. The procedure was well tolerated by all patients and 30 of 36 patients (83%) experienced complete cessation of bleeding after the Young's procedure. Patients had a mean increase in hemoglobin of 4.68 g/dL after the procedure. The average Glasgow Benefit Inventory score after surgery was 43.56. No patients requested a reversal of the procedure. Conclusion The Young's procedure is a safe and efficacious procedure with complete cessation of epistaxis in most patients with severe epistaxis and HHT.
The Clinical Features of Diabetic Impotence: A Preliminary Study

Summary Twenty-seven diabetic men with erectile impotence were given physical and psychosexual assessments. Physical assessment included vascular and neurological evaluation. Psychosexual assessment was by means of a semi-structured interview. Seven potent diabetic men formed a control group. Patients with erectile failure Had a varied clinical picture which differed from the stereotype of diabetic impotence: morning erections were preserved in over a half (55 per cent), eight patients (30 per cent) had intact spontaneous erections, and sexual interest was reduced in 12 patients (44 per cent). In 13 patients (48 per cent) ejaculation was disturbed and a further four patients (15 per cent) described unusual disorders of sexual function. Within the group there were no differences in clinical picture between those with and without autonomic neuropathy, retinopathy or potential psychogenic factors.
The relationship between handedness and valence: A gesture study

People with different hand preferences assign positive and negative emotions to different sides of their bodies and produce co-speech gestures with their dominant hand when the content is positive. In this study, we investigated this side preference by handedness in both gesture comprehension and production. Participants watched faceless gesture videos with negative and positive content on eye tracker and were asked to retell the stories after each video. Results indicated no difference in looking preferences regarding being right- or left-handed. Yet, an effect of emotional valence was observed. Participants spent more time looking to the right (actor’s left) when the information was positive and to the left (actor’s right) when the information was negative. Participants’ retelling of stories revealed a handedness effect only for different types of gestures (representational vs beat). Individuals used their dominant hands for beat gestures. For representational gestures, while the right-handers used their right hands more, the left-handers gestured using both hands equally. Overall, the lack of significant difference between handedness and emotional content in both comprehension and production levels suggests that body-specific mental representations may not extend to the conversational level.
Eye Movements During Saccadic and Fixation Tasks in Patients With Homonymous Hemianopia

Background: The aim of our study was to quantify ocular motor performance in patients with homonymous hemianopia and in healthy controls during saccadic and fixation tasks and to detect potential spontaneous adaptive mechanisms in the hemianopic patients. Methods: Eye movements were recorded in 33 hemianopic patients (15 right, 18 left; disease duration, 0.2–29 years) and 14 healthy subjects by scanning laser ophthalmoscope allowing determination of the absolute fovea position relative to the stimulus without calibration. Landing accuracy of saccades was determined for 5° saccades, indicated by the number of dysmetric saccades (DS), and fixation stability (FS) after landing. In addition, during continuous fixation of a central cross, FS, and distribution of fixational eye movements (FEMs) were measured. Size of macular sparing was determined using custom microperimetry software (stimulus grid, 0.5°). Results: Compared with controls, landing accuracy was decreased in hemianopic patients, indicated by significantly more DS (hypometric and hypermetric) to the blind side compared with the seeing side. The number of DS was greater in patients with macular sparing of <4°. DS were not correlated with age and disease duration. FS after landing was lower after saccades to the blind side. Distribution of FEM during continuous fixation was asymmetrically shifted to the blind side, especially in cases of macular sparing of <4°. Conclusions: Number of DS was not correlated with disease duration indicating insufficient spontaneous long-term adaptation. Increased number of DS and decreased FS after landing in patients with small or absent macular sparing stresses the importance of intact parafoveal vision. Asymmetric FEMs during continuous fixation indicate an advantageous adaptive mechanism to shift the visual field border towards the hemianopic side.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology S 6 Kinase 2 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Survival via Akt

The 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) acts downstream of mTOR, which plays important roles in cell proliferation, protein translation, and cell survival and is a target for cancer therapy. mTOR inhibitors are, however, of limited success. Although Akt is believed to act upstream of mTOR, persistent inhibition of p70 S6 kinase or S6K1 can activate Akt via a negative feedback loop. S6K exists as two homologues, S6K1 and S6K2, but little is known about the function of S6K2. In the present study, we have examined the effects of S6K2 on Akt activation and cell survival. Silencing of S6K1 caused a modest decrease, whereas knockdown of S6K2 caused a substantial increase in TNF-a and TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to S6K1, depletion of S6K2 by siRNA decreased basal and TNF-induced Akt phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt in MCF-7 cells restored cell survival in S6K2-depleted cells. We have previously shown that activation of Akt induces downregulation of Bid via p53. Knockdown of S6K2 caused an increase in p53, and downregulation of p53 by siRNA decreased Bid level. Silencing of Bid blunted the ability of S6K2 deficiency to enhance TNF-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study shows that the two homologues of S6K have distinct effects on Akt activation and cell survival. Thus, targeting S6K2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat cancers. Cancer Res; 71(7); 2590–9. 2011 AACR.
Neutron RBE for Induction of Tumors with High Lethality in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Abstract Wolf, C. , Lafuma, J., Masse, R. , Morin, M. and Kellerer, A. M. Neutron RBE for Induction of Tumors with High Lethality in Sprague-Dawley Rats. The effectiveness of fission neutrons is compared to that of γ rays and X rays with regard to the induction of malignancies in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The analysis is based on autopsy results. It is focused on tumors that tend to be present in animals dying early, which is indicative of a high degree of lethality. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is deduced from a comparison of the cumulative hazard functions. Different nonparametric models—the constant relative risk model, a time shift model, and an acceleration model—are employed in the comparison, and the resulting values of RBE are seen to be substantially independent of the choice of model. The results are in good agreement with earlier studies of nonlethal lung tumors in the same series of experiments. At neutron doses of 20 to 60 mGy, the RBE of fission neutrons is about 50.
An Orientation-Based Unification of Young Jetted AGN: The Case of 3C 286

In recent years, the old paradigm according to which only high-mass black holes can launch powerful relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) has begun to crumble. The discovery of $\gamma$-rays coming from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s), usually considered young and growing AGN harboring a central black hole with mass typically lower than 10$^8$ M$_\odot$, indicated that also these low-mass AGN can produce powerful relativistic jets. The search for parent population of $\gamma$-ray emitting NLS1s revealed their connection with compact steep-spectrum sources (CSS). In this proceeding we present a review of the current knowledge of these sources, we present the new important case of 3C 286, classified here for the fist time as NLS1, and we finally provide a tentative orientation based unification of NLS1s and CSS sources.
Responses of children immunized with the capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae, type b.

One hundred forty-one children of 5 to 59 months of age were immunized with a single intramuscular dose of 0.67, 3.3, 17, or 67µg polyribophosphate (PRP), the capsular antigen of Hemophilus influenzae, type b. The immunizations were well tolerated, particularly at doses of . 67 to 17µg. Antibody activity was measured by radioactive antigen binding, using 3H-labelled PRP. Doses of 3.3 and 17µg produced significant antibody rises in nearly 90% of recipients; 0.67 and 67µg in approximately half. The geometric mean titers were similar at three and six weeks after immunization and were greater with the middle doses. The net antibody increase in responding children was strongly age dependent, but was not related to the preimmunization antibody concentration. Rises in serum bactericidal activity against H. influenzae type b generally accompanied rises in antibody concentration as measured by the antigen-binding assay.
TITLE : Extraction of coffee antioxidants : impact of brewing time and method

The aim of this work was to study the extraction behavior of the main coffee antioxidants (caffeoylquinic acids, melanoidins and caffeine) and the antioxidant capacity, during brewing time in the most widely consumed coffee brew methods (filter and espresso) in coffee. Antioxidant capacity by colorimetric assays (Folin-Ciocalteau, ABTS and DPPH) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy techniques (Fremy’s salt and TEMPO) were analyzed. In espresso coffee, more than 70% of the antioxidants (except dicaffeoylquinic acids, diCQA) of a coffee brew were extracted during the first 8 s. In filter coffee, a U-shape antioxidants extraction profile was observed, starting later (after 75s) in Vietnam coffee than in Guatemala one, probably due to different wettability. Other technological parameters, such as turbulences and a longer contact time between water and ground coffee in filter coffeemaker, increased extraction efficiency, mainly in less polar antioxidant compounds as diCQA. In conclusion, these technological factors should be considered to optimize coffee antioxidants extraction that can be used as ingredients for functional foods.
Primary Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Scapula

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an uncommon, aggressive soft-tissue neoplasm, occurring in less than 1% of sarcomas. It is typically found in the head and neck tissues in children or in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities in young adults. This tumor arises primarily within the skeletal muscles or musculofascial planes. Primary involvement of bone is extremely rare. ASPS has poor prognosis with a propensity for recurrence as well as distant metastasis. In this report, we present a 25-year-old male with primary ASPS in the left scapular bone and discuss the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of this sarcoma.
Preliminary Study on Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Variation of the Stone Marten Martes foina in Bulgaria

In Europe, distribution of many animal species has been severely restricted to small refugia during the last glacial period. The Balkan Peninsula including Bulgaria has been identified as one of the three main glacial refugia (Randi 2007). To know biogeographical history in Europe, molecualr phylogeographical studies about various European mammal species have been performed: for example, the least weasel Mustela nivalis by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and cytochrome b (Lebarbenchon et al. 2010), the ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus by cytochrome b (Krystufek et al. 2009), the yellow-necked fieldmouse Apodemus flavicollis and the woodmouse A. sylvaticus by cytochrome b (Michaux et al. 2005), the brown bear Ursus arctos by mtDNA control region (Taberlet and Bouvet 1994; Taberlet et al. 1998) and the hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus and E. concolor by cytochorome b (Santucci et al. 1998). These studies commonly show that distribution of European species was influenced by climate changes in the Quaternary glaciations, and they survived in different ways (Michaux et al. 2005). Studies on the genetic diversity of mammals in Bulgaria as part of the Balkan Peninsula provides further insights to understanding of biogeographical history from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to present in south Europe. The stone marten Martes foina is a medium-sized carnivore of the family Mustelidae, and is distributed from Spain and Portugal in the west, through central and southern Europe, the Middle East, and central Asia, extending as far east as the Altai and Tien Shan Mountains and northwest China (Abramov et al. 2006). This species prefers more open areas than other martens (Sacchi and Meriggi 1995). Its habitat preferences vary in different parts of its range. Martes foina is typically found in deciduous forests, forest edges and open rocky hillsides. In some areas, however, M. foina also inhabits suburban and urban areas, with rare woods (Tikhonov et al. 2008). Because the Balkan Peninsula is one of the southern limit of distribution of M. foina, the analysis of its Balkan population would contribute to further understanding of refugia and phylogeography in Europe. Whereas there have been some phylogenetic studies about the family Mustelidae including M. foina (Marmi et al. 2003; Li et al. 2011) and a microsatellite variation study of M. foina in southern Portugal (Basto et al. 2010), no population genetic studies about this species in Bulgaria have been reported. In the present study, to know the population structure and phylogeography of the Bulgarian population of M. foina, we studied its microsatellite polymorphisms and mtDNA control region variation, and then discuss the genetic diversity in the population.
Growth performance, carcass yield and organ weight of growing pigs fed different levels of feed.

A total of forty eight Large White weaner male pigs of 8 weeks old with average initial weight of 9.67±0.26 were used in a 150-day trial to determine the effect of feed quantity offered (1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 kg) on performance, carcass yield and organ weights of growing pigs. Final weight, daily feed intake and daily weight gain increased (P <0.05) signifi cantly with increase in feed quantity offered. Feed conversion ratio, daily water intake and frequency of faecal excretion decreased signifi cantly (P <0.05) with increasing feed quantity offered. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were signifi cantly (P <0.05) infl uenced by feed quantity offered. The backfat depth increased signifi cantly (P <0.05) with increase in feed quantity offered. Pigs fed 2.5 kg feed daily had higher (P <0.05) head, ham and shoulder compared to the values recorded for pigs fed 1.5 kg feed daily. Liver weights of pigs fed 2.0 and 2.5 kg feed daily had comparably similar values which differed signifi cantly from those fed 1.5 kg feed daily. These results showed that quantity of feed offered greatly infl uenced feed intake, weight, carcass yield, liver and heart of growing pigs, hence, it could be used as a management tool to improve performance and carcass yield of pigs.
Isolation of a new toxic protease from a strain of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies achromogenes.

A new toxic protease was isolated from Aeromonas salrnonicida subspecies achromogenes extracellular products (ECP). It was detected in 5 of 9 strains of the organism tested. The protease was purified by anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on Mono Q HR 5/5, and FPLC gel filtration on Superose 12 HR 10/30. The LDso of the purified protease for juvenile Atlantic salmon Salrno salar L. was 0.03 pg protein g' fish. The molecular weight of the protease was estimated to be 20 kD by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and it possessed 2 isoelectric points (PIS) of 6.2 and 6.4. The protease was completely inhbited by EDTA Indicating it to be a metallo-protease.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis and comparison of stress distribution in overdentures supported with bar attachments and telescopic crowns.

OBJECTIVE To determine which one of the overdenture (OD) retainers was more beneficial to the abutments--the bar or the telescopic crown--and if a tooth could be used as an OD abutment when the supporting bone decreased to half of the root. MATERIALS AND METHODS The three-dimensional finite element method was used to investigate the stress distribution in a mandible with an overdenture supported by the roots of two canines. The two teeth were either connected with a bar attachment or restored with telescopic crowns, and were then restored with a complete overdenture. For each type of superstructure, the influence of bone height around the roots (no alveolar resorption and resorption to half of the root length) was analyzed under three loading conditions. RESULTS The most extreme stress values were located at the alveolar ridge crest of the bone around the root of the abutment. In the case of anterior loading, the largest compressive stress (LCS) in telescopic crown overdenture (TOD) was lower. When loaded posteriorly there was no obvious difference between bar attachment overdenture (BOD) and TOD. At the alveolar ridge crest around the root of the abutment, the stress value in the model with decreased bone level was higher than in the model with normal bone level, but the range was not significant. CONCLUSION 1. In terms of stress in the alveolar bone, complete overdenture over telescopic crowns is more convenient than over bar attachments. 2. Stress increases as the height of the bone around the roots decreases, but the increment is less than 30%. It is important for an abutment with bone resorption to perform root amputation to obtain an acceptable crown/root ratio.
Weight at first detection of retinopathy of prematurity predicts disease severity

Objective To investigate whether postnatal weight at first detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can predict preterm infants who will develop severe ROP warranting treatment. Design This modern, population-based cohort included 147 infants born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks in the Gothenburg region during 2011–2012 and screened for ROP at Sahlgrenska University hospital. GA, birth weight (BW), and weekly postnatal weight from birth until postmenstrual age (PMA) 40 weeks data were retrospectively retrieved. Birth weight SD scores (BWSDS) were calculated. ROP data, including first detected ROP stage, maximal ROP stage, ROP treatment, and PMA at first detected sign of ROP were also retrieved. Weight SDS (WSDS) at first ROP detection was calculated. Results Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the best fit-model of risk factors for developing severe ROP warranting treatment included; GA (OR=0.28, CI 95% 0.12 to 0.66, p<0.01) and WSDS at first ROP detection (OR=0.22, CI 95% 0.05 to 0.89, p<0.05). Conclusions Low weight and low WSDS at first ROP detection can be useful predictors for ROP warranting treatment.