Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isothiocyanates, Nitriles, and Epithionitriles from Glucosinolates Are Affected by Genotype and Developmental Stage in Brassica oleracea Varieties

Vegetables of the Brassica oleracea group, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, play an important role for glucosinolate consumption in the human diet. Upon maceration of the vegetable tissue, glucosinolates are degraded enzymatically to form volatile isothiocyanates, nitriles, and epithionitriles. However, only the uptake of isothiocyanates is linked to the cancer-preventive effects. Thus, it is of great interest to evaluate especially the isothiocyanate formation. Here, we studied the formation of glucosinolates and their respective hydrolysis products in sprouts and fully developed vegetable heads of different genotypes of the five B. oleracea varieties: broccoli, cauliflower as well as white, red, and savoy cabbages. Further, the effect of ontogeny (developmental stages) during the head development on the formation of glucosinolates and their respective hydrolysis products was evaluated at three different developmental stages (mini, fully developed, and over-mature head). Broccoli and red cabbage were mainly rich in 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), whereas cauliflower, savoy cabbage and white cabbage contained mainly 2-propenyl (sinigrin) and 3-(methylsulfinyl)propyl glucosinolate (glucoiberin). Upon hydrolysis, epithionitriles or nitriles were often observed to be the main hydrolysis products, with 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane being most abundant with up to 5.7 μmol/g fresh weight in white cabbage sprouts. Notably, sprouts often contained more than 10 times more glucosinolates or their hydrolysis products compared to fully developed vegetables. Moreover, during head development, both glucosinolate concentrations as well as hydrolysis product concentrations changed and mini heads contained the highest isothiocyanate concentrations. Thus, from a cancer-preventive point of view, consumption of mini heads of the B. oleracea varieties is recommended.
Adaptación transcultural y versión española de la prueba de rendimiento motor infantil (TIMP)

Las mejoras en la supervivencia de los ninos prematuros no han ido acompanadas de reducciones proporcionales en la incidencia de la discapacidad en esta poblacion. Hintz SR y colaboradores, en un estudio multicentrico, realizaron evaluaciones del desarrollo neurologico a los prematuros menores de 1000 gramos, entre los 18 y 22 meses de edad corregida, y encontraron que solo el 21% no presentaron secuelas en ninguno de los dominios del neurodesarrollo y neuroconducta. Por lo tanto, la supervivencia no es una medida adecuada del exito en estos ninos, que permanecen en alto riesgo de morbilidad del desarrollo neurologico y de comportamiento. La paralisis cerebral (PC) encuentra en la prematuridad su mayor causalidad. Existe una variacion de la prevalencia de la PC entre un 4,56% segun la red neonatal SEN 15003 y el 9%, segun el estudio de EPIPAGE, en los prematuros nacidos con edad gestacional menor de 32 semanas y su incidencia aumenta en los extremadamente prematuros hasta un 19% en el estudio del grupo EPICURE. A pesar de los avances en el cuidado de los recien nacidos prematuros, sigue siendo dificil predecir los resultados adversos en el neurodesarrollo y la discapacidad posterior. Las evaluaciones estandarizadas tienen como objetivo la discriminacion de los ninos con una alteracion motora, la prediccion de una futura alteracion del SNC y establecer el efecto de los tratamientos realizados. Los instrumentos longitudinales son mas predictivos y utiles que los transversales ya que ayudan a construir una trayectoria del desarrollo del nino y miden el verdadero efecto de las intervenciones realizadas. Ademas nos proporcionan informacion sobre la maduracion, la recuperacion de la lesion y la reorganizacion cerebral. Para conseguir dicho objetivo la escala debe tener una adecuada validez, sensibilidad y especificidad.
Perinatal outcomes of borderline diabetic pregnant women

Abstract We examined the perinatal outcomes of borderline diabetic pregnant women who had impaired 50 g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) results, but normal 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Our study group included 70 pregnant women who had increased 50 g OGCT results, but normal 100 g OGTT results, and a control group of 122 pregnant women with normal 50 g OGCT results. Polyhydramnios, macrosomia and neonatal birth weight were significantly higher in the study group. After adjusting the results for possibly affecting variables, the risk of polyhydramnios remained significant, while the risk of macrosomia and neonatal birth weight was not significant between the groups. The results from the study group were similar to the control group, when adjusted for other risk factors. Increased 50 g OGCT results in pregnant women can be accepted as a benign state if the 100 g OGTT results are normal.
Perception of cigarette smoking and advertisement among senior secondary school students in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking among youths is increasingly a public health concern. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine the prevalence of smoking among secondary school students and to assess their perception of smoking and cigarette advertisement. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among 1,223 senior secondary school students in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking among this population was 41 (3.4%) with 115 (9.4%) reporting that they had ever smoked. Mean age of smoking initiation was 14.2 years. Smoking was greater among males than females and in higher secondary school classes. Only 700 (57%) of students knew that smoking was harmful to their health and 477 (39%) reported that they had been taught about the harmful effects of smoking in the school teaching programme. Twenty-six percent of students had an item with a cigarette brand name on it and 19% had been offered a free cigarette by a cigarette representative. One hundred and twenty-two (10%) of the students indicated that they will smoke when they leave school. CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of smoking among students was low, exposure to cigarette advertisements may encourage them to smoke.
[Testicular neoplasms. Evaluation of the experience during 25 years in a military hospital].

OBJECTIVES The testicular tumors are frequent in the young adult, coinciding with the incorporation to the Military Service. The objective of our work is to evaluate the tumoral characteristic, its evolution with the time and the result of the treatments used in our center for this type of tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective longitudinal study in a cohort of 98 patients with an average age of 28.6 years, subjected to orchiectomy for testicular tumor in our center between 1979 to 2004. In the study, we collected data referred to the age of the patients, the tumoral characteristic, the outcome of the treatment and the evolution of the tumor. RESULTS In 61% of the cases, the affected testicle was the right (significant differences). The most common histologyc type was the non seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) (65.3%). Followed by the pure seminomas (27.6%), and non germinal cell tumors (NGC) (7.1%). The NSGCT was diagnosed to a average age (23.2 years) significantly smaller that the other two types. The stage I was the most frequent (58%). The seminomas presented a stage I in a significantly bigger frequency (80%) that the others tumors. The data picked up during the 25 years didn't show a significant variation regarding the tumoral characteristic. The survival análisis indicated that the tumoral characteristic with better pronostic regarding the probability of tumoral recurrences were the seminomas and the tumoral stages I and II. CONCLUSIONS The non seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) are the most frequent testicular tumors in young adults. Most of the tumors are diagnosed in initial stages, and their pronostic is better in the case of the seminomas and in the stages I and II.
Synthesis of "group polysaccharide" by membranes from Streptococcus pyogenes and its stabilized L-form

Rhamnose and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) are incorporated from thymidine 5'-diphosphorhamnose and uridine 5-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc) into membrane fragments prepared from Streptococcus pyogenes but not into membrane fragements prepared from a stabilized L-form of this organism. Incorporation from TDPrhamnose is partially dependent upon UDPGlcNAc and vice versa. The oligomeric GlcNAc and rhamonose-containing products are easily extracted from membrane particles by sedimentation through detergent solutions. They are substantially extracted into methanol but not into chloroform-methanol (2:1). When product containing both radioactive rhamnose and GlcNAc is deacetylated and hydrolyzed briefy in acid, glucosaminyl rhamnose is obtained, byt not higher oligomers, suggesting that oligomer synthesis in vitro is terminated because unidentified wnzymatic requirements are not satisfied. The data are consistent with the assembly of group A-specific polysaccharide at the cellular membrane with participation of a lipoid anchor (acceptor) molecule.
Comparison of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Microvascular Grafts to Autogenous Vein Grafts

The use of 1-mm ID by 1-cm-long expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microvascular grafts in various positions in two experimental animals did not compare favorably with the use of autogenous vein interposition grafts in controls. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that early fibrin deposition at the anastomosis lines is followed by fully activated coagulation of the grafts. Use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, changes in techniques, and alterations in the graft material are possible future directions for improved patency with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microvascular grafts.
Taurolithocholate‐induced MRP2 retrieval involves MARCKS phosphorylation by protein kinase Cϵ in HUH‐NTCP Cells

Taurolithocholate (TLC) acutely inhibits the biliary excretion of multidrug‐resistant associated protein 2 (Mrp2) substrates by inducing Mrp2 retrieval from the canalicular membrane, whereas cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increases plasma membrane (PM)–MRP2. The effect of TLC may be mediated via protein kinase Cϵ (PKCϵ). Myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a membrane‐bound F‐actin crosslinking protein and is phosphorylated by PKCs. MARCKS phosphorylation has been implicated in endocytosis, and the underlying mechanism appears to be the detachment of phosphorylated myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate (pMARCKS) from the membrane. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that TLC‐induced MRP2 retrieval involves PKCϵ‐mediated MARCKS phosphorylation. Studies were conducted in HuH7 cells stably transfected with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (HuH‐NTCP cells) and in rat hepatocytes. TLC increased PM–PKCϵ and decreased PM‐MRP2 in both HuH‐NTCP cells and hepatocytes. cAMP did not affect PM‐PKCϵ and increased PM‐MRP2 in these cells. In HuH‐NTCP cells, dominant‐negative (DN) PKCϵ reversed TLC‐induced decreases in PM‐MRP2 without affecting cAMP‐induced increases in PM‐MRP2. TLC, but not cAMP, increased MARCKS phosphorylation in HuH‐NTCP cells and hepatocytes. TLC and phorbol myristate acetate increased cytosolic pMARCKS and decreased PM‐MARCKS in HuH‐NTCP cells. TLC failed to increase MARCKS phosphorylation in HuH‐NTCP cells transfected with DN‐PKCϵ, and this suggested PKCϵ‐mediated phosphorylation of MARCKS by TLC. In HuH‐NTCP cells transfected with phosphorylation‐deficient MARCKS, TLC failed to increase MARCKS phosphorylation or decrease PM‐MRP2. Conclusion: Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that TLC‐induced MRP2 retrieval involves TLC‐mediated activation of PKCϵ followed by MARCKS phosphorylation and consequent detachment of MARCKS from the membrane. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;)
Item-Level Indoor Localization With Passive UHF RFID Based on Tag Interaction Analysis

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) with a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is a low-cost and low-complexity approach for item-level indoor localization. Although RSSI-based algorithms suffer from multipath effect and other environmental factors, reference tags and RSSI changes can be utilized to further improve the localization accuracy. However, the current algorithms lack deep analysis of the influence of tag interaction on localization accuracy and faces the challenge of simultaneously locating multiple close targets. In this paper, we propose an analysis method about how tag interaction affects a tag antenna radiation pattern and an RSSI change. The tag interaction analysis guides us to improve the design of RSSI-based localization algorithms. We take the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm and the Simplex algorithm as two examples. The experimental results show that the revised k-NN and the revised Simplex algorithms are robust to different numbers, spacing, and materials of target objects, and they are superior to other RFID localization schemes, considering cost, capability of simultaneous localization of multiple targets, and location estimation errors.
An Algorithm for Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) Estimations in the Midstream of the Heihe River Basin, China

An accurate estimation of carbon fluxes is very important in carbon cycle studies. A remote sensing based gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) algorithm, RS-CFLUX, was presented in this work. The algorithm was calibrated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method at Daman superstation and Zhangye wetland station in the midstream of the Heihe River Basin. Results indicated that both of the stations present high GPP (1442.04 g C/m2/year at Daman superstation and 928.89 g C/m2/year at Zhangye wetland station) and NEP (409.38 g C/m2/year at Daman superstation and 422.60 g C/m2/year at Zhangye wetland station). The RS-CFLUX model can correctly simulate the seasonal dynamics and quantities of carbon fluxes at both stations, using photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference water index (NDWI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) as input. RS-CFLUX model were sensitive to maximum light use efficiency, respiration at reference temperature, activation energy parameter of respiration.
Expansão canavieira e o uso da terra no estado de São Paulo

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a expansao canavieira no estado de Sao Paulo e a consequente competicao pelo uso do solo em relacao as demais atividades agropecuarias, entre 1995 e 2013. Para tanto, utiliza-se o modelo shift-share em duas etapas; inicialmente, com vistas a decomposicao da taxa de crescimento do valor da producao de cana-de-acucar - nos efeitos area, rendimento e preco -, e, em uma segunda etapa, tencionando avaliar a evolucao da area com cana-de-acucar - nos subefeitos escala e substituicao. Os resultados sugerem que a expansao canavieira em Sao Paulo foi impulsionada, principalmente, pelo aumento da area cultivada e precos, com baixa contribuicao do efeito rendimento. Ademais, o estudo permite concluir que a evolucao da atividade representa um conflito pelo uso terra no estado, fato evidenciado pela elevada contribuicao do efeito substituicao na expansao da area cultivada.
Differential effect of cholera toxin on CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cells: specific inhibition of cytokine production but not proliferation of human naive T cells

We have studied how cholera toxin (CT) and its non‐toxic cell‐binding B‐subunit (CTB) affect the activation of pure human T cells in an anti‐CD3‐driven system. CT, as opposed to CTB, strongly suppressed the proliferative responses as well as cytokine production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CT however, had a differential effect on naive and activated/memory T cell subsets. Costimulation through exogenous IL‐2 or through CD28 cross‐linking rescued the proliferation of CT‐treated naive CD45RA+ T cells, but not of activated/memory CD45RO+ cells. IL‐2 production and IL‐2 receptor expression were markedly reduced by CT in all T cell fractions, i.e. also in CD45RA+ cells which had maintained proliferative responses. However, the proliferative responses of CT‐treated CD45RA+ T cells were IL‐2‐dependent, as shown by blocking experiments using anti‐IL‐2 antibodies. These results indicate (i) that CTB has no cytostatic effect on human T cells, (ii) that CT affects proliferation and cytokine production by two different signal pathways, and (iii) that CT might interact with a signal pathway generated through or influenced by CD45.
Cytopathic effects of parainfluenza virus Type 3 in organ cultures of human respiratory tract tissue.

The medium bathing uninfected control cultur was collected at intervals and aliquots were introduced into tube cultures of diploid human embryonic fibroblast (WI-38) and human embryonic kidney cell cultures. Tubes were observed for cyto- pathic effect, and hemadsorption was carried out at intervals. These studies failed to yield isolates and will not be considered further here. Infected and uninfected cultures were fixed in Bouin's solution at intervals after inoculation or at the termination of an experiment. Tissue blocks were sectioned serially or at levels, and seleted sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or by the periodic acid-Schiff technique.
BIOTIN ATTACHMENT DOMAIN-CONTAINING proteins, inhibitors of ACCase, are regulated by WRINKLED1

WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a transcriptional activator that binds to AW boxes in the promoters of many genes from central metabolism and FA synthesis, resulting in their transcription. BIOTIN ATTACHMENT DOMAIN-CONTAINING (BADC) proteins are homologs of BIOTIN CARBOXYL CARRIER PROTEIN (BCCP) that lack a biotin-attachment domain and are therefore inactive. In the presence of excess FA, BADC1 and BADC3 are primarily responsible for the observed long-term irreversible inhibition of ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE (ACCase), and consequently FA synthesis. Purified WRI1 bound with high affinity (Kds in the low nanomolar range) to canonical AW-boxes from the promoters of all three BADC genes. Consistent with this observation, the expression of BADC1, BADC2 and BADC3 genes and BADC1 protein levels were reduced in wri1-1 relative to wild type (WT), and BADCs gene expression and BADC1 protein levels also were elevated upon WRI1 overexpression. The double mutant badc1badc2 phenocopied wri1-1 with respect to both reduction in root length, and elevation of indole-3-acetic acid-Asp (IAA-Asp) levels relative to WT. Overexpression of BADC1 in wri1-1 decreased its IAA-Asp and partially rescued its short-root phenotype demonstrating a role for BADCs in seedling establishment. That WRI1 positively regulates genes encoding both FA synthesis and BADCs i.e., conditional inhibitors of FA synthesis, represents a coordinated mechanism to achieve lipid homeostasis in which plants couple the transcription their FA synthetic capacity with their capacity to biochemically downregulate it. One sentence summary WRI1 regulates genes encoding both fatty acid synthesis and inhibitors of FA synthesis (BADCs), creating a lipid homeostatic mechanism in which the transcription of FA synthetic capacity is coordinated with the capacity to biochemically downregulate FA synthesis.
VidLoc: A Deep Spatio-Temporal Model for 6-DoF Video-Clip Relocalization

Machine learning techniques, namely convolutional neural networks (CNN) and regression forests, have recently shown great promise in performing 6-DoF localization of monocular images. However, in most cases image-sequences, rather only single images, are readily available. To this extent, none of the proposed learning-based approaches exploit the valuable constraint of temporal smoothness, often leading to situations where the per-frame error is larger than the camera motion. In this paper we propose a recurrent model for performing 6-DoF localization of video-clips. We find that, even by considering only short sequences (20 frames), the pose estimates are smoothed and the localization error can be drastically reduced. Finally, we consider means of obtaining probabilistic pose estimates from our model. We evaluate our method on openly-available real-world autonomous driving and indoor localization datasets.
Age-stage, two-sex life table of Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Tetranychidae) reared on six soybean genotypes

ABSTRACT Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Tetranychidae) is an important pest of soybean in Iran and other soybean growing areas. The effect of six new genotypes of soybean (DI74, DI32, Williams*Davis, Linford, Clean, and M9) on life table parameters of this mite was studied at 25 ± 2°C, 50 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The life table parameters were estimated according to the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. The total development of immature stages ranged from 7.05 days on Clean to 8.65 days on Linford. The fecundity, varied significantly on tested genotypes, was the lowest on Clean (104.92 eggs) and the highest on Linford (193.17 eggs). The mean generation time (T) was shortest on Clean (12.10 days) and longest on Linford (15.09 days). The highest and lowest values of intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were observed on Clean (0.359 day−1) and Linford (0.276 day−1), respectively. Our results revealed that Linford was a less suitable cultivar, possibly suggesting that it is more resistant to T. kanzawai than the other tested cultivars. The findings of this study present new information to design a more comprehensive integrated pest management programme for this pest on soybean.
Effects of Skill Integration and Perceptual Competition on Age-Related Differences in Dual-Task Performance

Age-related differences in dual-task performance may be affected by factors such as skill integration and perceptual competition. Therefore these factors were examined in a dual-task experiment with young and older adults involving two one-dimensional compensatory tracking tasks. Single-task difficulty was individually adjusted for each subject. It was found that differences in pure dual-task performance between young and older subjects increase when the subtasks are coherent such that skills can be integrated. In addition, the degree to which integration reduces the effects of visual competition was larger for the young than for the older subjects. It is concluded that in dual tasks with coherent subtasks, older adults may show an impaired ability to perform the sub tasks in an integrated manner.
Induced nitric oxide synthesis in the gut of Manduca sexta protects against oral infection by the bacterial pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens

Injecting the insect pathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens into the blood system of the model lepidopteran insect Manduca sexta induces nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the fat body and blood cells (haemocytes), whereas following oral ingestion of bacteria NOS expression is limited to the gut. We used RNA interference to knock‐down expression of NOS throughout the insect. Preventing NOS induction in this way adversely affected the survival of orally infected insects and caused a significant increase in the number of bacteria crossing into the haemolymph. By contrast, knock‐down of NOS had no effect on the mortality rate of insects infected with P. luminescens by injection. Pharmacological inhibition of NOS decreased both nitric oxide (NO) levels in the gut wall and survival of orally infected insects, whereas elevation of gut wall NO using an NO donor increased survival of NOS silenced caterpillars. Together, our results imply that induced synthesis of NO is important in mediating insect immune defence against the pathogen by inhibiting transfer of bacteria across the gut wall.