Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Light-Hearted and Serious Entertainment on Enjoyment of the First and Third Person

Abstract. This was a study on the perceived enjoyment of different movie genres. In an online experiment, 176 students were randomly divided into two groups (n = 88) and asked to estimate how much they, their closest friends, and young people in general enjoyed either serious or light-hearted movies. These self–other differences in perceived enjoyment of serious or light-hearted movies were also assessed as a function of differing individual motivations underlying entertainment media consumption. The results showed a clear third-person effect for light-hearted movies and a first-person effect for serious movies. The third-person effect for light-hearted movies was moderated by level of hedonic motivation, as participants with high hedonic motivations did not perceive their own and others’ enjoyment of light-hearted films differently. However, eudaimonic motivations did not moderate first-person perceptions in the case of serious films.
Regulation of tissue oxygen levels in the mammalian lens

Opacification of the lens nucleus is a major cause of blindness and is thought to result from oxidation of key cellular components. Thus, long‐term preservation of lens clarity may depend on the maintenance of hypoxia in the lens nucleus. We mapped the distribution of dissolved oxygen within isolated bovine lenses and also measured the rate of oxygen consumption (Q̇O2) by lenses, or parts thereof. To assess the contribution of mitochondrial metabolism to the lens oxygen budget, we tested the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on Q̇O2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). The distribution of mitochondria was mapped in living lenses by 2‐photon microscopy. We found that a steep gradient of PO2 was maintained within the tissue, leading to PO2 < 2 mmHg in the core. Mitochondrial respiration accounted for approximately 90% of the oxygen consumed by the lens; however, PO2 gradients extended beyond the boundaries of the mitochondria‐containing cell layer, indicating the presence of non‐mitochondrial oxygen consumers. Time constants for oxygen consumption in various regions of the lens and an effective oxygen diffusion coefficient were calculated from a diffusion–consumption model. Typical values were 3 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 for the effective diffusion coefficient and a 5 min time constant for oxygen consumption. Surprisingly, the calculated time constants did not differ between differentiating fibres (DF) that contained mitochondria and mature fibres (MF) that did not. Based on these parameters, DF cells were responsible for approximately 88% of lens oxygen consumption. A modest reduction in tissue temperature resulted in a marked decrease in Q̇O2 and the subsequent flooding of the lens core with oxygen. This phenomenon may be of clinical relevance because cold, oxygen‐rich solutions are often infused into the eye during intraocular surgery. Such procedures are associated with a strikingly high incidence of postsurgical nuclear cataract.
Molecular cloning of the human DNA excision repair gene ERCC-6

The UV-sensitive, nucleotide excision repair-deficient Chinese hamster mutant cell line UV61 was used to identify and clone a correcting human gene, ERCC-6. UV61, belonging to rodent complementation group 6, is only moderately UV sensitive in comparison with mutant lines in groups 1 to 5. It harbors a deficiency in the repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers but permits apparently normal repair of (6-4) photoproducts. Genomic (HeLa) DNA transfections of UV61 resulted, with a very low efficiency, in six primary and four secondary UV-resistant transformants having regained wild-type UV survival. Southern blot analysis revealed that five primary and only one secondary transformant retained human sequences. The latter line was used to clone the entire 115-kb human insert. Coinheritance analysis demonstrated that five of the other transformants harbored a 100-kb segment of the cloned human insert. Since it is extremely unlikely that six transformants all retain the same stretch of human DNA by coincidence, we conclude that the ERCC-6 gene resides within this region and probably covers most of it. The large size of the gene explains the extremely low transfection frequency and makes the gene one of the largest cloned by genomic DNA transfection. Four transformants did not retain the correcting ERCC-6 gene and presumably have reverted to the UV-resistant phenotype. One of these appeared to have amplified an endogenous, mutated CHO ERCC-6 allele, indicating that the UV61 mutation is leaky and can be overcome by gene amplification.
Who Would Do That? A Theory-Based Analysis of Narratives of Sources of Family Ostracism

ABSTRACT There are many benefits derived from families, but not all family members are loving and accepting. Family members may act as sources of ostracism (people or groups who ostracize another person/group). We suggest sources engage in family ostracism for extended periods, their motives fit with prior theoretical models, and trait-level forgiveness may help understand source behavior. We analyzed data from 63 narratives and questionnaires to investigate the motives, power dynamics, and psychological correlates of sources of family ostracism. We found sources of ostracism are often of equal status to the targets of ostracism, and termination often occurs informally or is prompted by major changes in the family (e.g., birth, move). Also, sources of ostracism are often targets themselves suggesting family ostracism may be reciprocal in nature. Our findings support existing theory, but suggest ostracism in families has unique dynamics not captured in laboratory designs.
Prevention of anti-tumor necrosis factor-associated tuberculosis: a 10-year longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND The extent to which anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-associated tuberculosis can be prevented is unclear, and there is no established guidance on the optimal screening strategy for latent tuberculosis (LTBI) in patients about to start anti-TNF therapy. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive program for the prevention of anti-TNF-associated tuberculosis, and to evaluate 3 LTBI screening strategies and the need for retesting patients with negative results at baseline. METHODS In total, 726 patients were screened prior to anti-TNF therapy using 1 of 3 diagnostic strategies over 3 consecutive periods: first, a 2-step tuberculin skin test (TST); second, a 2-step TST plus QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) (2-step TST/QFT); and third, a single-step TST plus QFT-GIT (TST/QFT). Infected patients were offered preventive therapy. We assessed differences in the incidence of tuberculosis between anti-TNF exposed and nonexposed patients, and between the 3 study periods. RESULTS Tuberculosis developed during the first year in 2.85 per 1000 exposed patient-years (3/1052 patient-years) and 1.77 per 1000 nonexposed patient-years (1/566 patient-years). No cases occurred beyond the first year of treatment. LTBI diagnoses decreased with the single-step TST/QFT (26.5%) compared with the 2-step TST (42.5%; P < .001) and 2-step TST/QFT (38.5%; P = .02); the incidence of tuberculosis among exposed patients did not change significantly across the 3 periods (2.63/1000, 3.91/1000, and 2.4/1000 patient-years, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although anti-TNF-associated tuberculosis can be reduced, some risk remains during the first year of therapy. Neither the 2-step TST nor systematic retesting after negative baseline testing is justified.
A Reconsideration of Gender Differences in Risk Attitudes

This paper reconsiders the wide agreement that females are more risk averse than males. We survey the existing experimental literature, finding that significance and magnitude of gender differences are task specific. We gather data from 54 replications of the Holt and Laury risk elicitation method, involving about 7,000 subjects. Gender differences appear in less than 10% of the studies and are significant but negligible in magnitude once all the data are pooled. Results are confirmed by structural estimations, which also support a constant relative risk aversion representation of preferences. Gender differences correlate with the presence of a safe option and fixed probabilities in the elicitation method. This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Financial Constraints and Corporate Disclosure

This paper exploits two quasi-experiments to examine the causal impact of financial constraints on corporate disclosure. First, we use the 2004 American Jobs Creation Act as an exogenous relaxation of financial constraints. Following the Act, firms with unrepatriated foreign earnings reduce the quantity and quality of disclosure, particularly ex-ante constrained firms. Second, we examine the 1989 junk bond market collapse as a tightening of financial constraints and find that below-investment grade firms increase disclosure. Overall, our results suggest a positive causal impact of financial constraints on disclosure, lending support to theoretical models predicting a managerial response to information-related financing costs. JEL Classification: D82; G14; G31; M41; M42
Mengapa kawasan hutan penting bagi penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia

Indonesia adalah salah satu dari 70 negara yang sepakat menjadikan pengentasan kemiskinan sebagai prioritas kebijakan utama melalui Strategi Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. Strategi tersebut memang berguna sebagai arahan, tetapi masih ada berbagai kekurangannya. Di banyak negara, termasuk Indonesia, ciri khusus kemiskinan di kawasan hutan dan peran potensial hutan bagi pengentasan kemiskinan masih kurang diperhatikan.
Hospitality Graduate Students’ Program Choice Decisions: Implications for Faculty and Administrators

Despite rapid growth in the quality and volume of hospitality graduate research and education in recent years, little information is available in the extant body of literature about the program choices of hospitality management graduate students, information that is crucial for program administrators and faculty in their attempts to attract the most promising students to their programs. This paper reports on a study among graduate students in U.S, hospitality management programs designed to understand why they chose to pursue their degrees at their programs of choice. Given the large numbers of international students presently enrolled, the study additionally looked into why international hospitality management students chose to leave their home countries and why they decided to pursue a graduate degree in the U.S. Based on the findings, implications for hospitality administrators and faculty in the U.S. and abroad are discussed and directions for future research are presented.
An exploratory study of the relationship between healthy-living and travel behavior

In the field of travel and tourism, scholars with interest in consumer behavior studies have explored different variables and linked them with the individual’s behavior. Variables such as destination image, environmental awareness, service perception, preferences, and motivations for travel are commonly used to understand and predict destination selections and travel behavior. There is also enough evidence to suggest that healthy-living is positively associated with travel behavior. If any, little empirical research has been done to explore and examine the nature of the relationship between healthy-living and travel behavior. The guidelines to healthyliving have not been introduced in the literature of travel and tourism. This study is intended to shed some light on this issue and contribute to knowledge in this area. The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to develop a healthy-living attitudinal construct, and (2) examine the relationship between healthy-living behavioral and attitudinal constructs and selected travel
The impact of tariff liberalisation on the competitiveness of the South African manufacturing sector during the 1990s

During the 1990s, South Africa's trade policy was drastically reformed. This mainly entailed rapid tariff liberalisation agreed to under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1994, and implemented from 1995 onwards under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). South Africa's trade policy reform was premised on the assumption that tariff liberalization would increase the competitiveness of domestic manufacturing industries. The thesis attempts to ascertain if this did in fact materialise by critically appraises the impact of trade policy reform on the production of the South African manufacturing sector. The results indicate that tariff liberalisation has not been successful in securing improved competitiveness. The thesis argues that improved competitiveness goes beyond trade policy reform — government polices should also be directed at issues relating to efficiency in production, distortions in factor markets and institutional development. The desired or appropriate level of openness does not necessarily entail completely free markets for trade and investment. In the light of market and institutional failures the role of government in securing the appropriate industrial outcomes should not be underestimated.
Lexar: Generating String Inputs for Loop-Exploiting Attacks via Evolutionary Techniques

Application-level security attacks refer to the category of attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in an application’s code. Among various kinds of these attacks, two important types of attacks, CPU exhaustion and buﬀer-overﬂow attacks, exploit loops in the application and are referred to as loop-exploiting attacks . It is quite challenging to generate inputs that can launch loop-exploiting attacks, since these inputs belong to only a small portion of the entire input space . To address this challenge, we propose a general framework, called Lexar , that includes both static and dynamic analyses. More speciﬁcally, Lexar uses static analysis to identify source-code portions that are vulnerable for loop-exploiting attacks. Lexar next uses dynamic analysis to generate inputs that can cause loop-exploiting attacks. To eﬀectively deal with loops during dynamic analysis, Lexar uses evolutionary techniques guided by a ﬁtness function computed based on the executed number of loop iterations. In our evaluations, we show that Lexar conﬁrms known CPU exhaustion vulnerabilities in four popular applications. We also show that Lexar performs better than an existing re-lated approach for buﬀer-overﬂow vulnerabilities and detects two new unknown buﬀer-overﬂow vulnerabilities.
INVESTOR RESPONSE TO ANALYST RECOMMENDATION IN STOCK TRADING IN MANADO

Analyst show how important their role in stock trading and some previous researches show their recommendations give high return to the investor who follow it. But not all investors follow their recommendation; it is all depend on investor behavior and their trust to the analyst. This is interesting to learn how investor in Manado gives response to their recommendation. We investigate investor through interview to find out how the investor response to the recommendation given by the analyst. The population of this research is all investor in Manado with 10 Informants using purposive sampling method. Based on analysis preference, investor using technical analysis shows no response to the recommendation. Investor also show less attracted to the recommendation because of trust issue. The result shows that Manado investor has low response to the analyst recommendation. We recommend the analyst to have clear standard recommendation and for the investor to take all recommendation into consideration, give some weight to the recommendation into investment decision. Keywords: investor, analyst recommendation, stock trading
The Labor Supply and Retirement Behavior of China's Older Workers and Elderly in Comparative Perspective

This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the context of work and retirement patterns in Indonesia, Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom. As is common in many developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees receive generous pensions and face mandatory retirement by age 60, and an informal system, under which rural residents and individuals in the informal sector rely on family support in old age and have much longer working lives. Gender differences in age of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in Korea and Indonesia. Descriptive evidence is presented suggesting that pension eligible workers are far more likely to cease productive activity at a relatively young age. A strong relationship between health status and labor supply in rural areas is observed, indicating the potential role that improvements in access to health care may play in extending working lives and also providing some basis for a common perception that older rural residents tend to work as long as they are physically capable. The paper concludes with a discussion of measures that may facilitate longer working lives as China's population ages.
Magnetocaloric Properties of ${\hbox{La}}({\hbox{Fe}},{\hbox{Co}},{\hbox{Si}})_{13}$  Bulk Material Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Bulk samples of La(Fe,Co,Si)<sub>13</sub> have been prepared by powder metallurgy starting from elemental powders and cast master alloys. After sintering at about 1400 K for a few hours, the samples achieve densities of about 7.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. For ternary La(Fe<sub>0.893</sub>Si<sub>0.107</sub>)<sub>13</sub> the magnetic entropy change for a field variation of 16 kOe and the adiabatic temperature change for a field variation of 17 kOe amounts to 21.9 J/kgK and 4.2 K at a temperature of 193 K, respectively. For this composition, the thermal and the field hysteresis were determined to be 2.5 K and 2.2 kOe, respectively. With increasing Si content the hysteresis as well as the entropy change decreases. By increasing the Co content from La(Fe<sub>0.865</sub>Co<sub>0.05</sub>Si<sub>0.085</sub>)<sub>13</sub> to La(Fe<sub>0.803</sub>Co<sub>0.112</sub>Si<sub>0.085</sub>)<sub>13</sub> the peak temperature of the magnetic entropy change was tailored to the commercial relevant range of 254 K-336 K. The Co-containing samples hardly showed any hysteresis at all. Such powders were pressed in a die and sintered to fully dense blocks of about 23times19times12 mm . The blocks can be machined by conventional techniques to the shapes required in magnetic refrigeration prototypes.
Pharmacokinetics of tissue penetration of antibiotics.

Past efforts to characterize the ability of antibiotics to penetrate into tissues is reviewed, particularly the results of models that reflect the concentration of antibiotics in interstitial fluid (i.e., skin blisters, tissue chambers, skin chambers, wound exudates, implanted fibrin clots, and peripheral lymph). The preferable sources of such fluid appear to be skin chambers, suction-induced skin blisters, and peripheral lymph. Extent of penetration of antibiotics into tissue fluid is related to the amount of antibiotic not bound to protein. Protein binding is particularly inhibitory to penetration when greater than 80% of the antibiotic is bound. It is preferable to follow the extravascular concentrations of antibiotic for longer periods than is usually done. The ability of antibiotics to penetrate is best evaluated by use of the ratio of the area under the concentration curve (AUC) for antibiotic in the peripheral locus to the AUC for serum. Pharmacokinetic analysis should be done with data from each individual, not with data derived from curves using mean values. Penetration into fibrin, lymph, and chambers implanted in tissues follows Fick's law of diffusion. Lag times indicate the interval before penetration of antibiotic in serum to the peripheral locus may be observed. First-order, one-compartment, open models are applicable to the characterization of extravascular concentrations of antibiotics. The AUC for antibiotic in serum during a time interval is the factor determining the amount of agent that passes into an extravascular focus. Concentrations of drug in tissues are lower than those in serum; the peaks occur simultaneously or shortly after the maximal levels are reached in serum, and for most antibiotics the elimination of antibiotics from extravascular parts of the body is slower than from serum, particularly for agents with a half-life in serum of less than 4-5 hr.
Activated protein C improves the visceral microcirculation by attenuating the leukocyte-endothelial interaction in a rat lipopolysaccharide model

Objective:Abnormalities in the vascular endothelial function play an important role in the development of septic organ dysfunction. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of recombinant human activated protein C on leukocyte-endothelial interaction in endotoxemia. Design:Experimental animal model of sepsis. Setting:University research laboratory. Subjects:Normal Wistar rats. Each animal was infused with 4.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide to simulate severe sepsis. Interventions:Rats were injected with endotoxin simultaneously with either a low or a high dose of recombinant human activated protein C (n = 7). One, 2, and 3 hrs after injection, mesenteric microcirculation was observed under intravital microscopy. In another series, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, alanine transaminase, and blood urea nitrogen levels were evaluated (n = 5). Measurements and Main Results:The adhesive leukocyte count on the endothelium was significantly suppressed in both high-dose and low-dose groups (p < .01 and .05, respectively). The bleeding events decreased in the low-dose treatment group compared with both the control (p < .05) and high-dose group (p < .05). Microcirculatory flow as expressed by red blood cell velocity was maintained better in the low-dose group. Comparison of cytokine levels showed a significant decrease in the treatment groups. Organ damage markers were also suppressed in the treatment groups (p < .05) Conclusions:Recombinant human activated protein C demonstrated a protective effect on microcirculation through the inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial interaction and suppression of inflammatory cytokine production.