Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relations Between Dispositional Expressivity and Physiological Changes During Acute Positive and Negative Affect

The aim of the present study is to examine the relations between emotional expressivity measured by Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire and physiological response in situations where positive and negative affects were induced. On 65 participants four physiological parameters, including finger pulse amplitude, heart rate, skin conductance level and amplitude of skin conductance response were measured. In situations in which negative affect was induced, individuals higher in negative expressivity showed higher skin conductance level, higher amplitude of skin conductance response and higher heart rate compared to individuals low on negative expressivity, whereas finger pulse amplitude did not differ between these two groups. The same results were obtained even when controlling for five factor personality traits and recorded participants’ facial expression. In situation where a positive affect was induced, no differences in sympathetic responses between participants high and low in positive expressivity have been found. The results are explained in the context of Coactivation theory and possible consequences of the results on health outcomes are discussed.
Thinking about U: Theorizing and testing U‐ and inverted U‐shaped relationships in strategy research

U- and inverted U-shaped relationships are increasingly explored in strategy research, with 11 percent of all articles published in Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) in 2008–2012 investigating such quadratic relationships. Moreover, a movement towards introducing moderation to quadratic relationships has emerged. By reviewing 110 articles published in SMJ from 1980 to 2012, we identify several critical issues in theorizing and testing of these relationships for which current practice falls short. These include insufficient causal argumentation, incorrect testing, mixing up two different types of moderation, and not realizing that the curve can flip completely. For these and other issues, a guideline is provided which, when followed, may bring clarity to theoretical motivation and rigor to empirical testing.
Diatoms respire nitrate to survive dark and anoxic conditions

Diatoms survive in dark, anoxic sediment layers for months to decades. Our investigation reveals a correlation between the dark survival potential of marine diatoms and their ability to accumulate NO3− intracellularly. Axenic strains of benthic and pelagic diatoms that stored 11–274 mM NO3− in their cells survived for 6–28 wk. After sudden shifts to dark, anoxic conditions, the benthic diatom Amphora coffeaeformis consumed 84–87% of its intracellular NO3− pool within 1 d. A stable-isotope labeling experiment proved that 15NO3− consumption was accompanied by the production and release of 15NH4+, indicating dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). DNRA is an anaerobic respiration process that is known mainly from prokaryotic organisms, and here shown as dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathway used by a eukaryotic phototroph. Similar to large sulfur bacteria and benthic foraminifera, diatoms may respire intracellular NO3− in sediment layers without O2 and NO3−. The rapid depletion of the intracellular NO3− storage, however, implies that diatoms use DNRA to enter a resting stage for long-term survival. Assuming that pelagic diatoms are also capable of DNRA, senescing diatoms that sink through oxygen-deficient water layers may be a significant NH4+ source for anammox, the prevalent nitrogen loss pathway of oceanic oxygen minimum zones.
Effect of pepsin on erosive tissue loss and the efficacy of fluoridation measures in dentine in vitro

Objectives. In dentine, erosive lesion progression and efficacy of fluoridation measures for symptomatic therapy of dental erosion are both dependent on the presence of the organic matrix. In patients with eating disorders in combination with chronic vomiting, the demineralized organic matrix can be degraded by gastric enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pepsin on erosion progression and the efficacy of fluoride in dentine. Material and methods. Human dentine specimens were prepared and randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 specimens each. They were subjected to a cyclic de- and remineralization procedure for 9 days. For demineralization (6×2 min per day), an HCl solution (pH 1.6) was used in all groups. In two groups, pepsin (1.5 mg mL−1) was added to the demineralization solution. Fluoridation was performed in two groups 6×1 min per day with a mouth rinse (Olaflur/SnF2; 250 ppm F−) after demineralization with both the HCl solution and the pepsin containing solution. Degradation of collagen was quantified by analyzing hydroxyproline and tissue loss was determined microradiographically. SEM images were taken in addition. Results. In the pepsin group, 1.72 (0.26) µg mL−1 (mean (SD)) hydroxyproline per day was detected, and in the pepsin-fluoride group 1.95 (0.50) µg mL−1. Tissue loss after 9 days in the control group was similar to that in the pepsin group (122.2 (53.4) µm and 122.2 (38.0) µm, n.s. , respectively). Fluoridation reduced tissue loss after demineralization (98.8 (30.2) µm) but not after pepsin treatment (125.2 (34.2) µm; p≤0.05). Conclusion. Under the conditions used, pepsin had no influence on tissue loss, but altered the efficacy of fluoridation measures.
CD25 Expression on Cutaneous Mast Cells From Adult Patients Presenting With Urticaria Pigmentosa is Predictive of Systemic Mastocytosis

Urticaria pigmentosa (UP) is a clinicopathologic term used to describe reddish-brown cutaneous macules and papules, characterized histologically by mast cell infiltration of the papillary and upper reticular dermis and reactive basal hyperpigmentation of the overlying epidermis. Although typically a benign, self-limited disorder of childhood, a significant proportion (up to 30%) of adolescent and adult-onset UP represents cutaneous involvement by underlying systemic mastocytosis (SM). Predicting the course of cutaneous mast cell disease has been limited by a lack of diagnostic and prognostic markers. In patients with SM, neoplastic bone marrow mast cells show aberrant surface expression of CD25. However, whether CD25 expression on cutaneous mast cells is associated with underlying SM is unknown. In this study, we performed a clinicopathologic analysis of 30 adult patients presenting with UP between 1987 and 2007. Cutaneous mast cell infiltration pattern, cytomorphology, density, and CD25 immunoreactivity were correlated with underlying or subsequent SM. On the basis of clinical and pathologic follow-up, 10 of 30 (33%) patients were diagnosed with SM and 20 of 30 (67%) with limited cutaneous mastocytosis (CM). Although cutaneous mast cell density was slightly higher in patients with SM compared to those with limited CM (P=0.047), neither mast cell cytomorphology nor infiltration pattern correlated with underlying systemic disease. However, cutaneous mast cells from all 10 patients with SM (100%) were immunoreactive for CD25, compared to only 5 of 20 (25%) with limited CM (P<0.001). Our findings suggest that immunoreactivity for CD25 in cutaneous mast cells may be useful for stratifying adult patients presenting with UP for additional clinical evaluation.
Aseptic Peritonitis and Icodextrin

314 The use of icodextrin, an iso-osmolar formulation of maltodextrin glucose polymer derived from cornstarch, has probably been the main breakthrough for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients over the past 10 years (1). Compared to glucose-based dialysate, icodextrin prescription during long dwells in patients on continuous ambulatory PD and automated PD allows a better ultrafiltration (and therefore decreases the risk of fluid overload) (2,3), decreases the glucose load, and better preserves peritoneal membrane integrity (4). In the present issue of Peritoneal Dialysis International, Korzets and colleagues document the occurrence of aseptic peritonitis related to icodextrin prescription in 5 Israeli PD patients (5). This is not a new event; an outbreak of sterile peritonitis attributed to icodextrin prescription occurred between November 2001 and July 2002 [reviewed in Refs. (6–8)]. What do we know now about those aseptic peritonitis episodes? The outbreak of 2001 – 2002 allowed provision of a clinical and histopathological description of this entity. Typically, patients were admitted with mild abdominal discomfort and cloudy dialysate effluents. Many of them had noticed that the dialysate effluents were cloudy under icodextrin and that they cleared rapidly under glucose-based solutions (6,7). Effluent analysis showed increased white blood cells with a predominance of mononuclear cells (macrophages and/or monocytes), and, by definition, dialysate cultures remained sterile, even under enriched media (6,9,10). Usually, icodextrin withdrawal led to disappearance of the symptoms but rechallenge often resulted in reappearance of cloudy dialysates (6,9,10). The majority of reports documenting this entity came from Europe, but there were also some reports from North America (11,12). The consequences of this outbreak of aseptic peritonitis were numerous: a majority of patients were diagnosed as having an infectious peritonitis and were given empirical antibiotics; catheter removal was performed in some patients (7,10). Peritoneal inflammation (different and less severe than that observed in patients with infectious peritonitis) was also documented (13,14). Peritoneal biopsies taken in patients who had suffered aseptic peritonitis indicated various acute inflammatory lesions: mesothelial desquamation, presence of a fibrin ASEPTIC PERITONITIS AND ICODEXTRIN
The struggle to juggle : work-life balance at a private company in Durban, South Africa

While Work-Life Balance (WLB) and job stress are not new problems, they have received more attention over the past few years than ever before. Together, these two problems pose risks to employees' well-being as well as to organisational performance. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the WLB at a private company in Durban, South Africa. More specifically, the study investigated the extent to which employees at the private company (herein referred to as Company X) are able to achieve WLB and tendered recommendations as to how employees could improve their quality of life and well-being. The results of the study could also provide mutual benefit to Company X, especially in terms of creating a conducive work environment and realising the benefits of a satisfied workforce.
Holistic Processing Is Not Correlated With Face-Identification Accuracy

The current study tested the widespread assumption that holistic processing is important for the identification of upright faces. In two experiments, we show that (a) there are large individual differences in the magnitude of the composite face effect and face-identification accuracy and (b) the correlation between the magnitude of the composite face effect and face-identification accuracy is essentially zero. These findings are inconsistent with the claim that holistic processing, as indexed by the composite face effect, significantly influences accuracy in a face-identification task.
Acetate as Sole Carbon and Energy Source for Growth of Methanosarcina Strain 227

Methanosarcina strain 227 grew rapidly and produced methane on a mineral medium containing acetate as the sole added organic substrate. Cell yields but not doubling times were affected by the presence or absence of yeast extract. Greater cell yields occurred in yeast extract medium than in mineral medium. Radioactive labeling studies showed that acetate was decarboxylated in mineral medium, as was shown previously in complex medium. The specific radioactivity of methane produced per specific acitvity of acetate added was not significantly different in yeast extract medium compared with mineral medium. Unequivocal evidence indicates that the cleavage of acetate to methane and carbon dioxide provided the energy for growth in the presence or absence of other organic compounds; these latter compounds do not serve as energy sources, electron donors, or significant sources of methane during this aceticlastic reaction.
An in vitro assay of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) cell migration.

Explants from rabbit anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) and medial collateral ligaments (MCL) were utilized to compare the relative rates that fibroblasts migrate onto glass and plastic culture surfaces in vitro. During the first two weeks in culture, a monolayer of cells appeared on the periphery of all the ACL and MCL explants. From 45 to 134 hrs in culture, the mean total MCL cell count per explant was 6-12 times greater than that for the ACL on the plastic culture dishes, and this difference was even greater for the cells attached to the glass cover slides over the explants. These differences were significant at the p < . 005 level. The rates of cell proliferation were quite similar for primary cultures of ACL and MCL grown in the same medium as that used for the migration assay. The large difference in cell number at early times of culture is thus due to the more rapid MCL cell migration out of the explants, and not to a difference in the rate of cell proliferation. These data support the hypothesis that differences in cell migration rate play a role in the greater healing capacity of the MCL as compared with the ACL. The assay described in this work may then be useful in assessing factors that promote wound healing.
Dynamic range requirements for optical transmitters in fiber-fed microcellular networks

Analog fiber-optic links can be used for antenna remoting in microcellular networks. Using a statistical model of user access in a wireless network, it is shown that by accepting a modest (<0.5%) percentage of blocked calls, a modest optical link dynamic range of 91 dB (1 Hz) is required. By using multiple fiber-fed antennas per cell and proper network protocol, the required dynamic range is dramatically reduced to <80 dB for the same blocking probability. <<ETX>>
A REVIEW OF THE CLINICAL EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTOMIMETIC AGENTS

We are using Gerard’s25 term “psychotomimetics” generically for compounds that have been called schizogens, psychotica, psychotogens, phantastica, hallucinogens, and elixirs. If one believes that the importance of these compounds lies in their capacity to mimic the mental illnesses called psychoses, psychotomimetics would be the term of choice. This capacity alone would make these drugs the focus of psychopharmacological inquiry, but this capacity is not their only, nor even, perhaps, their most important quality. I t is but recently that the relationship between psychotomimetics and schizophrenia has become somewhat clearer. Later in this presentation I shall suggest a more inclusive term. We are the latest of generations of experimenters who, from before the dawn of history, in every part of the world, have sought for means by which man could alter, explore, and control the workings of his own mind, thus enlarging his experience of the universe. Until recently, however, science has shown only sporadic interest in these matters. Since there are few substances that, in large enough doses, will not produce changes in body and mind resembling some mental illness, I shall try to limit our field of inquiry by a definition that will prevent workers in this field from being overwhelmed with an inconveniently large poitionof the pharmacopoeia. This definition will be improved, and I make it in order to provoke such improvement : “Psychotomimetic agents are substances that produce changes in thought, perception, mood and, sometimes, in posture, occurring alone or in concert, without causing either major disturbances of the autonomic nervous system or addictive craving, and although, with overdosage, disorientation, memory disturbance, stupor, and even narcosis may occur, these reactions are not characteristic. ” This rough and ready guide excludes morphine, cocaine, atropine, and their derivatives. It also excludes anesthetics, analgesics, and hypnotics. I expect, however, that there will still be some overlapping of these divisions. Using this guide we have a sizable list, starting with the still-unidentified soma? ‘ imported from central Asia into India several thousand years ago and ending with 3 , 4 , 5 , trimethoxyphenyl-/3-aminopropane (TMA),55 bufotenin,78 adren~chrome,~’ and a d r e n ~ l u t i n ~ ~ . 63 whose qualifications for inclusion in this classification are still being examined. As I list these treasures of 5000
IFRS Adoption, Reporting Incentives, and Financial Reporting Quality in Private Firms

This study examines financial reporting quality (FRQ) effects around voluntary International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoptions by German private firms across two important dimensions, earnings quality and disclosure practices. To capture differences in the motivations for IFRS adoptions, we identify four different types of IFRS adopting firms based on a comprehensive set of firm characteristics. We observe earnings quality improvements around IFRS adoptions primarily for one type of firm, which is young, fast growing and seeking access to public equity markets. Using a matched sample of private German GAAP and IFRS reporting firms, we find some evidence suggesting that IFRS also contribute to higher earnings quality. Recognizing that our earnings quality metrics are only incomplete measures of FRQ, we also compare the disclosure practices of IFRS and German GAAP firms. We find that all IFRS firm types disclose significantly more information in their financial reports and show a higher propensity to publish their financial reports voluntarily on the corporate website. Our findings indicate that failure to identify earnings quality changes around IFRS adoption cannot be automatically interpreted as IFRS adoption having no effect on the FRQ of (private) firms. Collectively, our results suggest that both incentives and accounting standards shape private firms’ FRQ.
Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages

ing away from many details, the phonological structure of an intonation phrase (IP) in West Germanic can be represented as in Figure 1. Using the conventions of the ToBI framework, the T here represents tonal targets which can be either H(igh) or L(ow). These targets can be anchored either to the edge of an IP (hence edge tones) or to a metrically strong syllable (represented by a bolded σ in Figure 1). 3 The latter are widely referred to as (postlexical) pitch accents. The difference between the two edge tone types, i.e. boundary tones and phrase accents, is further explained in §3. [σσσσσσσσσσσσσσ] %T T* T*+T T-T% Metrically-anchored tones T* = pitch accent (monotonal) T*+T = pitch accent (bitonal) Edge tones T= phrase accent T% = IP boundary tone (final) %T = IP boundary tone (initial) Figure 1: Phonological Structure of a West Germanic Intonation Phrase The occurrence of (postlexical) pitch accents presupposes lexical stress, i.e. the phonologically organized highlighting of a syllable relative to adjacent ones by way of modulating phonetic parameters such as pitch, intensity and duration. It is doubtful that all languages have lexical stress in this sense,4 and as further detailed in §3.2, this appears to be the case for most of the Austronesian languages of Indonesia and East Timor. Note also that even if all languages had lexical stress, it could be the case that the intonational system is organized independently of it. Thus, for example, Lindström & Remijsen (2005) claim for the Papuan language Kuot, spoken on New Ireland, that it is “a language where intonation ignores stress” (Lindström & Remijsen 2005: 839). In fact, it may be the case that the occurrence of postlexical pitch accents of the West Germanic type is rather rare cross-linguistically. Most research on intonation, especially in the last three decades, has focussed on (postlexical) pitch accents and their function in marking information-structural cateof this claim. 3 Actually, the division is not as straightforward as it is made out to be here. The placement of edge tones, in particular phrase accents, may also make reference to metrically strong syllables, as discussed in the Grice et al. (2000). 4 The term stress is used throughout this chapter in exactly this sense. Note that stress as widely used in the literature often includes other notions such as regular rhythmic alternations between strong and weak syllables (foot structure). Claiming that Austronesian languages in the area under discussion usually do not make use of lexical stress hence does not necessarily imply that they do not make use of foot structure or other word-level prosodic distinctions.
[Epidemiological survey of asthma in a rural area of Yanqing County in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors of asthma of people aged more than 40 years living in the rural area of Beijing. METHODS The data of 1,638 people aged more than 40 years living in 5 villages of Yanqing County in Beijing were collected. Respiratory symptoms, the living conditions, life styles and cooking habits, personal history and family history were collected. Physical examination and lung function tests (ventilation function and bronchodilation tests) were also performed. Asthma was diagnosed based on symptoms, signs, and lung function tests. Univariate analysis and Logistic analysis were employed to evaluate the risk factors for asthma. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma was 1.89% (31/1 638). For those with asthma, the male to female ratio was 1:4.2, the difference being significant (P<0.05). Common triggering factors for asthma included influenza, cold air, passive smoking and cooking oil smoke. There were statistic differences between asthmatics and non-asthmatics in respiratory disease history in childhood, frequent cough before age 14, and years of exposure to biomass fuel. Cough before age 14 was closely associated with asthma. Only 12.9% of the cases had been diagnosed before this study, indicating that asthma was a underdiagnosed disease in this area. CONCLUSION The prevalence of asthma is high in this rural area of Beijing. Life style changes and management of respiratory infections before age 14 are indicated for reducing risk factors for asthma. More attention should be paid to early diagnosis of asthma in rural areas.
Autoimmune pancreatitis: more than just a pancreatic disease? A contemporary review of its pathology.

CONTEXT Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pancreas constituting one quarter of Whipple resections performed for benign conditions in North America. OBJECTIVE We review the clinical, radiologic, and characteristic histopathologic patterns of this disease and discuss the extrapancreatic manifestations of AIP. DESIGN We searched the literature using MEDLINE and OVID, related conference abstracts, and bibliographies of selected studies. RESULTS Autoimmune pancreatitis predominantly affects elderly individuals, frequently presenting as obstructive jaundice and occasionally in association with other autoimmune diseases. The histology is characterized by a collar of periductal inflammation, obliterative phlebitis, and the absence of stigmata of alcoholic pancreatitis. A prepancreatectomy diagnosis can be rendered using a combination of clinical findings, radiologic features, elevated immunoglobulin G4 levels, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and response to steroids. The disease can involve the bile ducts (sclerosing cholangitis), gallbladder (lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholecystitis), and kidney (interstitial nephritis) and can form inflammatory masses in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant evolution in our understanding of AIP, a prepancreatectomy diagnosis remains a challenge in the North American and European population.