Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of dried extract of boldo (Peumus Boldus Mol.) on growth and oxidative tissue status of broiler chickens

The addition of antioxidants to broiler diets has been shown to enhance their antioxidant status. Since boldo (Peumus boldus Mol.) leaves contain highly antioxidant molecules, a dried extract of boldo (DEB) was added to broiler diets to improve "in vivo" antioxidant tissue status and to favor animal growth. A DEB standardized for antioxidant content was prepared and added to poultry diets at three different levels (low-DELB, medium-DEMB, and high-DEHB) for a period of 6 weeks. A single negative control (no added antioxidant) and one positive control (supplementation with 200 mg/kg vitamin E) were used. Plasma antioxidant capacity (PAC), thiol content (GHS), and basal and induced lipoperoxidation of liver, leg and breast tissues were determined in birds at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age. PAC increased with chicken age until week 6, but was unaffected by DEB addition at any level. However, DEB increased hepatic GSH content. No data indicated that DEB improved the resistance against induced lipoperoxidation in the assayed tissues. DEB contains compounds exhibiting high antioxidant activity "in vivo", as evidenced by the increase in liver thiol content. Regarding broiler performance, no differences in poultry body weight and feed consumption were detected during the assay.
Understanding FX Liquidity

We provide a comprehensive study of the liquidity of spot foreign exchange (FX) rates over more than two decades and a large cross-section of currencies. First, we show that FX liquidity can be accurately measured with daily and readily-available data. Second, we demonstrate that FX liquidity declines with funding constraints and global risk, supporting theoretical models relating funding and market liquidity. In these distressed circumstances, liquidity tends to evaporate more for developed and riskier currencies. Finally, we show stronger comovements of FX liquidities in distressed markets, especially when funding is constrained, volatility is high, and FXspeculators incur losses.The appendices for this paper are available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2614853
Los policías: una averiguación antropológica

La institucion policial ha perdido credibilidad ante los ciudadanos. El deterioro de su imagen se debe a que se le identifica con la represion. Muchos temen a los policias y piensan que son ineficaces porque su accion produce conductas violentas y algunos de ellos son corruptos o complices de la delincuencia. Esto trae consigo una mezcla de atraccion y rechazo, situacion que se ha ido polarizando debido a las cada vez mas comunes evidencias de que existe otro orden, uno que se edifica sobre la ilegalidad y la impunidad y que ataca directamente el sentido de la policia: ser garante de la ley y el orden, contribuir a la resolucion de conflictos que aquejan a los ciudadanos y proteger el interes general de la colectividad. En este estudio antropologico, se busca ir mas alla de las ideas preconcebidas para preguntar por que las identidades policiales se han conformado de esa manera y cuales son los factores que dan cuerpo al discurso y a la experiencia de los policias. En la voz de sus protagonistas –los policias preventivos de Guadalajara-, esta obra trasciende la geografia y conforma un testimonio que ayuda a entender las luces y las oscuridades de unos personajes omnipresentes, esenciales en las sociedades contemporaneas.
CORRECTION OF DENTOFACIAL DEFORMITIES WITH ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY

Considerable amounts of research have been done on various aspects of orthognathic surgery during its short history. Nevertheless, there are no comprehensive publications on the cost-risk-benefit analysis of the entire process of orthognathic surgery. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychosocial and biophysiological outcomes of orthognathic surgery with special reference to complications and financial costs. The study series consisted of patients referred for consultations and treatment of dentofacial deformities and involved a total of 953 patients and 20 controls. Both prospective clinical follow-up examinations with measurements of various clinical parameters and retrospective assessments of radiographs and patient records were included. Functional and pain-related reasons were found to motivate patients to seek orthognathic surgery, and this impression was confirmed by the clinical findings. The great majority of the subjects examined had signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The significance of facial appearance for the motivation to seek treatments seemed to play a lesser role compared to most earlier studies. Most of the patients felt that their expectations had been fulfilled by the treatment, and despite the potential risks involved, the overall complication rate in orthognathic surgery was very low. The most usual problem was neurosensory deficit of the inferior alveolar nerve. TMD patients with skeletal Class II non-open bite dentofacial deformity seem to have the greatest probability to benefit from orthognathic surgery, especially if their TMD is mostly of muscular origin. Pain in the face and headache improved significantly. The outcomes were more variable when the TMD mainly originated from internal derangements. In these cases, the individual outcome of treatment is more difficult to predict, and conservative treatment methods should probably be tried first. The orthognathic surgery of patients with non-open bite skeletal Class II dentofacial deformity is also cost-effective due to the low complication rate and the low cost, since sagittal ramus osteotomy is often sufficient treatment. However, there must be weighty grounds for orthognathic surgery of skeletal open-bite deformities due to their greater risk for relapse and condylar resorption. The high expenses of their treatment also result in a poor cost-effectiveness ratio.
Site and Size of Vascular Calcifications Are Different in Dialysis Patients with Various Underlying Diseases

Computed tomography (CT) constitutes the gold standard for quantification of vascular calcification (VC) and, being the most effective and widely available with reproducible measurements, is also useful for monitoring progression as well as assessing the effect of therapeutic strategies to modify progression [1] [2]. VC has a significant effect in cardio‐ vascular diseases on dialysis patients. Tanne et al. [3] focused on calcification of the thoracic aorta and found that it associated with coronary and valvular calcification in hy‐ pertensive patients. In the Calcification Outcome in Renal Disease (CORD) study, ab‐ dominal aortic calcification was found to have the predictive value for the occurrence of cardiovascular events and mortality in dialysis patients [4]. Coll et al. [5] reported that VC in large, conduit arteries was prevalent in patients on dialysis patients, and that age, dialysis vintage, past medical history of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and in‐ flammation were variable significantly influencing VC. From these studies, it is suggest‐ ed that VC occurs in vessels of various diameters. However, no definitive studies have determined the significance of VC in different vessels in patients receiving dialysis thera‐ py until the present time. Moreover, there have been few studies examining a relation between semi-quantitative measures of VC and their contributing factors. The aim of this work presented here is to examine a relation between semi quantitatively measured calci‐ fication of three major vessels, the thoracic aorta, the abdominal aorta and the iliac arter‐ ies and several known contributing factors to VC such as underlying diseases, age, gender, vintage of dialysis, values of serum calcium and phosphate, use of calciumbased phosphate binders and so on.
Diagnostic limitations of skewness coefficients in assessing departures from univariate and multivariate normality

While many tests of univariate and multivariate normality have been proposed, those based on skewness and kurtosis coefficients are widely presumed to offer the advantage of diagnosing how distributions depart from normality. However, results summarized from many Monte Carlo studies show that tests based on skewness coefficients do not reliably discriminate between skewed and non-skewed distributions. Indeed, the use of skewness tests to discriminate between these distributions lackstheoretical foundation. The performance of skewness tests is shown to be very sensitive to the kurtosis of the underlying distribution
The Influence of Bait and Stereo Video on the Performance of a Video Lander as a Survey Tool for Marine Demersal Reef Fishes in Oregon Waters

Abstract We evaluated how the use of bait as a fish attractant influenced the species and size composition of demersal fishes viewed with a stereo video lander at 160 sampling sites at Stonewall Bank, a deepwater rocky reef complex off the Oregon coast. We also studied the effectiveness of stereo video for generating estimates of fish length and distance from the cameras. Bait altered the species composition of fish encountered, increasing the mean counts of demersal fishes by 47%, with increases of 135–250% for Rosethorn Rockfish Sebastes helvomaculatus, Northern Ronquil Ronquilis jordani, and Spotted Ratfish Hydrolagus colliei. Increases in the mean counts of 35–150% for unidentified sculpins (Cottidae), Yelloweye Rockfish S. ruberrimus, and Quillback Rockfish S. maliger were nonsignificant. The calibrated stereo video lander provided acceptably precise estimates of fish length and camera-to-fish distance (range of three replicate measurements less than 3 cm for length and 20 cm for distance) for 34.3 % of the demersal fishes that were counted. The precision of length and distance estimates declined with increased distance; acceptable estimates of distance were typical when fish were within 200 cm and were infrequent when fish were beyond 500 cm. Bait reduced the mean distance at which acceptable estimates of length and distance were obtained from 264 cm to 200 cm, but had no effect on mean fish length for the three most frequently encountered demersal species. The combined effect of bait on demersal fish counts and mean distance more than doubled the efficiency of the stereo video lander for generating fish length and fish-camera distance estimates.
Experiences of Teaching the Heat Energy Topic in English as a Second Language.

In view of the current debate in Malaysia about the teaching of science and mathematics in English, a qualitative study was undertaken involving a purposeful sampling of three non-physics teachers to ascertain how well equipped they were with the necessary pedagogical content knowledge relating to the teaching of the topic of ‘heat energy’ in the second language (i.e., English) to cater to the needs of Year 10 students of diverse interests and abilities in the subject. Data were obtained using video recordings from 10 classroom observations of the teaching and learning of the following topics/concepts: (1) thermal equilibrium, (2) heat capacity, (3) specific heat capacity, (4) latent heat, (5) specific latent heat, and (6) Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law and the Pressure Law. This video analysis was triangulated using data from interviews with the three teachers. The findings revealed that the teachers possessed a variety of instructional strategies to teach the concepts in English and displayed commendable ingenuity to further facilitate student understanding by explaining in the Malay language when students experienced difficulty, while at the same time insisting that students used the appropriate English terms. In addition, when not familiar with certain physics apparatus, the teachers opted for simulations of the relevant experiments. As a result, the study has introduced a new component to PCK, i.e., the role of a second language in teaching science.
Optomechanical cooling of levitated spheres with doubly-resonant fields

Optomechanical cooling of levitated dielectric particles represents a promising new approach in the quest to cool small mechanical resonators toward their quantum ground state. We investigate two-mode cooling of levitated nanospheres in a self-trapping regime. We identify a structure of overlapping, multiple cooling resonances and strong cooling even when one mode is blue-detuned. We show that the best regimes occur when both optical fields cooperatively cool and trap the nanosphere, where cooling rates are over an order of magnitude faster compared to corresponding single-resonance cooling rates.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: likelihood for small-scale CMB data

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope has measured the angular power spectra of microwave fluctuations to arcminute scales at frequencies of 148 and 218 GHz, from three seasons of data. At small scales the fluctuations in the primordial Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) become increasingly obscured by extragalactic foregounds and secondary CMB signals. We present results from a nine-parameter model describing these secondary effects, including the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ and kSZ) power; the clustered and Poisson-like power from Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) sources, and their frequency scaling; the tSZ-CIB correlation coefficient; the extragalactic radio source power; and thermal dust emission from Galactic cirrus in two different regions of the sky. In order to extract cosmological parameters, we describe a likelihood function for the ACT data, fitting this model to the multi-frequency spectra in the multipole range 500 < ℓ < 10000. We extend the likelihood to include spectra from the South Pole Telescope at frequencies of 95, 150, and 220 GHz. Accounting for different radio source levels and Galactic cirrus emission, the same model provides an excellent fit to both datasets simultaneously, with χ2/dof= 675/697 for ACT, and 96/107 for SPT. We then use the multi-frequency likelihood to estimate the CMB power spectrum from ACT in bandpowers, marginalizing over the secondary parameters. This provides a simplified `CMB-only' likelihood in the range 500 < ℓ < 3500 for use in cosmological parameter estimation.
The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansion on Disability Program Participation

In addition to providing cash payments, the disability benefit programs Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) offer health insurance to recipients, increasing the value of participating in those programs. However, individuals with disabilities typically must leave their jobs to apply for disability benefits, and may therefore be without health insurance during the disability application process. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded the availability of Medicaid for individuals with family incomes somewhat higher than the means-tested income limits for SSI, changing the relative benefit of participating in disability programs as well as the cost of exiting the labor market to apply for disability program benefits. In this paper, we explore the impact of expanded access to Medicaid through the ACA on participation in disability benefit programs. Using the fact that the Supreme Court decision of June 2012 made the Medicaid expansion optional for the states, we compare changes in countylevel SSI and SSDI caseloads in contiguous county pairs that cross state lines. This approach allows us to focus narrowly on differences arising from the ACA Medicaid expansion choice by comparing changes over time in outcomes from U.S. counties on either side of a state border in cases where one state expanded Medicaid and the other did not. We find robust evidence of increases in insurance coverage due to the Medicaid expansion using our county border discontinuity identification strategy, of magnitudes similar to those found in previous work. However, our results for disability program participation indicate any effects are small and are limited to effects on SSI. We find that Medicaid expansion increased SSI participation by between 1.5 and 3 percent, with the larger effect occurring in counties with high rates of SSI participation among children prior to the expansion. We find no statistically significant impacts on SSDI caseloads. ⊗ We are grateful to the Russell Sage Foundation for financial support. Louisa Abel and Mary Beth Dato provided excellent research assistance.
KATP channel mediates the zinc switch-off signal for glucagon response during glucose deprivation

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes in print and online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online October 6, 2009
Total knee replacement: Understanding patient-related factors

Total arthroplasty of the knee to address symptomatic osteoarthritis has become increasingly common as the population ages. Many nonoperative treatment approaches exist and should be attempted before surgical intervention is considered. Surgical alternatives to total knee arthroplasty also exist and may be appropriate. These include osteotomy, unicompartmental arthroplasty, and patellofemoral joint arthroplasty. Though suitable for some patients, these less invasive procedures have reduced survivorship at 10 years when compared with total knee arthroplasty. The primary indication for knee replacement is pain that significantly reduces walking tolerance, impairs ability to perform activities of daily living, and interferes with sleep. Patient-related factors that can affect the success of knee replacement include obesity, comorbidities, and unrealistic expectations for total pain relief and joint function. Absolute contraindications to knee arthroplasty include active knee sepsis and severe untreated or untreatable peripheral arterial disease. Total knee replacement may be considered for patients of any age once a diagnosis of osteoarthritis is confirmed clinically and radiographically, the patient continues to experience moderate to severe pain and poor quality of life despite an extended course of nonoperative treatment, and no contraindications exist. Referral before the patient’s disease reaches an extremely advanced stage leads to better outcomes. While usually beneficial, knee arthroplasty is a major surgical procedure with possible complications and risk of failure to provide the desired result. An understanding of the many patient-related factors that can greatly affect outcome and patient satisfaction is essential. Total arthroplasty of the knee continues to be among the most common and successful major elective surgical procedures. The aging of the population has resulted in a significant increase in the demand for this procedure. This is due, in part, to an increase in patient expectation for high functional capacity into the later decades of life despite the presence of a painful degenerative joint condition. Additionally, the success of knee arthroplasty in alleviating arthritis-related joint pain in most patients, both young and old, has increased patient demand. History Knee replacement has evolved considerably over the past 100 years. In Dr Dooley is an orthopaedic surgeon at Vernon Jubilee Hospital and a clinical instructor at the University of British Columbia. Dr Secretan is an orthopaedic surgeon at Vernon Jubilee Hospital and a clinical instructor at the University of British Columbia. This article has been peer reviewed.
Treatment Outcomes for At-Risk Young Children With Behavior Problems: Toward a New Definition of Success

ABSTRACT. This study examined the outcomes of Early Pathways (EP), an in-home parent–child therapy program with 447 at-risk children younger than 5 years of age who were referred for severe behavior and emotional problems, such as aggression, oppositional behavior, and separation anxiety. EP emphasized parent-directed training of child behavior strategies including psychoeducation regarding child development, child-led play, and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Outcomes were assessed using a unique 2-dimensional definition of treatment completion, which consisted of treatment duration and an assessment of reliable change for the primary outcome measure of child behavior problems. Results showed that the majority of children (63.4%) met or exceeded treatment completion. In addition, repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance at pretest, posttest, and follow-up revealed increased child prosocial behaviors, reduced child behavior problems, improved caregiver nurturing, an increase in parents’ developmentally appropriate expectations of children, improved parent–child relationships, and a decrease in clinical diagnoses following treatment. This study offers guidance for developing effective early-intervention services for families in poverty to enhance outcomes for their young children. Along with its existing large-scale, community-based effectiveness studies, future research should establish additional statistical support including a randomized, waitlist control design of EP.
Motivation Types among EFL College Students: Insights from the Palestinian Context

The issue of motivation continues to play a major role in the area of EFL/ESL learning due to the fact that the types of motivation language learners develop may actually be a function of their context. The current study aims at exploring the motivation patterns of EFL college learners in the city of Hebron/ Southern Palestine. Sample of the study consisted of (127) students majoring in English and Engineering at Hebron University and Palestine Polytechnic University respectively. The study has aimed at investigating the influence of various variables such as the students' major field, level of education, desired level of proficiency, and gender on their motivation patterns. The researchers have utilized a questionnaire followed by an interview of selected learners. Results show that Palestinian students demonstrate types of motivation that are not cited in the classical motivation studies conducted on immigrants in the core English speaking countries. The motivation patterns dominant among Palestinian students are extrinsic in nature, e.g., learning the language because it is a compulsory requirement or learning the language to protect one's culture from the influence of the target culture. None of the participants has displayed an integrative or intrinsic motivation to learn the language. Thus, the researchers recommend investing serious effort in enhancing integrative motivation among Palestinian EFL students since previous research has clearly shown that learners who attain the highest levels of proficiency in the target language are those who possess this type of intrinsic motivation.
Shifts in species and phylogenetic diversity between sapling and tree communities indicate negative density dependence in a lowland rain forest

1. As trees in a given cohort progress through ontogeny, many individuals die. This risk of mortality is unevenly distributed across species because of many processes such as habitat filtering, interspecific competition and negative density dependence. Here, we predict and test the patterns that such ecological processes should inscribe on both species and phylogenetic diversity as plants recruit from saplings to the canopy.