Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations Between Popularity and Aggression in Chinese Middle and High School Adolescents

The longitudinal associations between popularity, overt aggression, and relational aggression were assessed in middle school and high school cohorts drawn from a large urban Northwest Chinese city. The middle school (n = 880; 13.33 years.) and high school samples (n = 841; 16.66 years.) were each followed for 2 years. In the concurrent regression analyses, overt aggression was more strongly and consistently associated with popularity than relational aggression after controlling for likability. Cross-lagged analyses revealed that popularity predicted subsequent increases in overt and relational aggression throughout middle and high school whereas overt aggression at 7th and 10th grade predicted increases in popularity 1 year later. These findings provide further evidence that popularity is associated with aggression and suggest that overt and relational aggression may be a consequence rather than a contributor to popularity in Chinese adolescents.
Self-efficacy and Achievement Motivation among Football Player

Among other psychological skills, self-efficacy is considered a significant element of mental training (Barling & Abel, 1983; Birrer & Morgan, 2010; Feltz, Short, & Sullivan, 2008; Zagórska& Guszkowska, 2014). Self-efficacy is posited as the basis for such conduct in the sense that it influences the strength of decisions, the quantity of energy invested in the effort, the level of perseverance in the face obstacles and failures or the resilience to adversity. In this sense, this psychological dimension is an individual resource to adapt to situations and contexts of activity grueling interesting sports psychology as the Health psychology and Occupational Psychology (Decamps, 2012).
Double radio peak and non-thermal collimated ejecta in RS Ophiuchi following the 2006 outburst

We report Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network, Very Large Array, One-Centimetre Radio Array, Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Effelsberg and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations beginning 4.5 days after the discovery of RS Ophiuchi undergoing its 2006 recurrent nova outburst. Observations over the first 9 weeks are included, enabling us to follow spectral development throughout the three phases of the remnant development. We see dramatic brightening on days 4 to 7 at 6 GHz and an accompanying increase in other bands, particularly 1.46 GHz, consistent with transition from the initial 'free expansion' phase to the adiabatic expansion phase. This is complete by day 13 when the flux density at 5 GHz is apparently declining from an unexpectedly early maximum (compared with expectations from observations of the 1985 outburst). The flux density recovered to a second peak by approximately day 40, consistent with behaviour observed in 1985. At all times the spectral index is consistent with mixed non-thermal and thermal emission. The spectral indices are consistent with a non-thermal component at lower frequencies on all dates, and the spectral index changes show that the two components are clearly variable. The estimated extent of the emission at 22 GHz on day 59 is consistent with the extended east and west features seen at 1.7 GHz with the VLBA on day 63 being entirely non-thermal. We suggest a two-component model, consisting of a decelerating shell seen in mixed thermal and non-thermal emission plus faster bipolar ejecta generating the non-thermal emission, as seen in contemporaneous VLBA observations. Our estimated ejecta mass of 4 ± 2 × 10 -7 M ⊙ is consistent with a white dwarf (WD) mass of 1.4 M ⊙ . It may be that this ejecta mass estimate is a lower limit, in which case a lower WD mass would be consistent with the data.
Physicochemical characteristics of "gari" semolina enriched with different types of soy-melon supplements.

The effects of enrichment ofgarisemolina with three different types of soy -melon protein supplements during toasting ofgariwere studied. Three protein supplements (Full fat, Defatted and Milk residue) were toasted together separately with the grat ed, dewatered and sifted cassava mash after fermentation (soak -mix method). After toasting and cooling, the samples were subjected to physico -chemical analyses. Results showed that enrichment increased the protein, fat and ash contents, and the pH values, while the hydrocyanic acid content, titratable acidity reduced generally. Enrichment increased the protein content from 2.81% in the control gari to a range of 15.3% -23.5% in the enriched samples. The fat increased from 3.24% to a range of 4.13% -13.50%; while the ash content increased from 1.18% to a range ofto 3.47%. Hydrocyanic acid was significantly (P
Seasonal and inter-annual photosynthetic response of representative C4 species to soil water content and leaf nitrogen concentration across a tropical seasonal floodplain

Abstract We examined the seasonal and inter-annual variation of leaf-level photosynthetic characteristics of three C4 perennial species, Cyperus articulatus, Panicum repens and Imperata cylindrica, and their response to environmental variables, to determine comparative physiological responses of plants representing particular microhabitats within a seasonal tropical floodplain in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana. Five measurement campaigns were carried out over a period of 2 y which covered two early rainy seasons, two late rainy seasons and one dry season. For all three species, light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gsat) decreased with decreasing soil water content with a seasonal range for Asat of approximately 5–45 μmol m−2 s−1, and for gsat of 0.03–0.35 mol m−2 s−1. The species representing the wettest microhabitat (Cyperus) had the highest gsat at low leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficits (Dl), the highest ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), as well as the highest degree of variation in Ci/Ca from season to season. We interpret this as being indicative of its adaptation to a moist growth environment allowing for non-conservative water use strategies as soil moisture is usually abundant. For all three species there was significant variation in photosynthetic fluxes from one year to another that was related to variation in leaf nitrogen and phosphorus. This study shows that when assessing the role of savanna stands in large-scale carbon balance models, the remarkable inter-annual variation in leaf photosynthesis reported in this study should be taken into account.
Rare meson decays into very light neutralinos

We investigate the bounds on the mass of the lightest neutralino from rare meson decays within the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with and without minimal flavor violation. We present explicit formulas for the two-body decays of mesons into light neutralinos and perform the first complete calculation of the loop-induced decays of kaons to pions and light neutralinos and B mesons to kaons and light neutralinos. We find that the supersymmetric branching ratios are strongly suppressed within the MSSM with minimal flavor violation, and that no bounds on the neutralino mass can be inferred from experimental data, i.e., a massless neutralino is allowed. The branching ratios for kaon and B meson decays into light neutralinos may, however, be enhanced when one allows for nonminimal flavor violation. We find new constraints on the MSSM parameter space for such scenarios and discuss prospects for future kaon and B meson experiments. Finally, we comment on the search for light neutralinos in monojet signatures at the Tevatron and at the LHC.
The Technical Efficiency of Manufacturing Companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange

The objective of the study is to establish whether quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria are operating on the production possibility frontier, that is, if they are technically and scale efficient. In pursuance of this, the study adopted the output orientated DEA with input variables as total asset, shareholderâ€™s equity, cost of goods sold and operating expenses, while the output variables are sales/turnover, net profit, return on asset, and return on equity. Output orientated DEAP Version 2.1 package with variable return to scale assumption using multi-stage DEA is employed. The analysis revealed that quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria are efficient with an average variable return to scale mean score of 85% and scale efficiency mean score of 76%. A breakdown of the results shows that thirty-one companies out of the fifty-eight companies selected for the study are operating on production possibility frontier while the remaining twenty-seven companies are not. It is recommended that the companies that are operating in the region of decreasing return to scale should scale down their inputs while those that are in the region of increasing return to scale should scale up their inputs.
Integrated effect of seeding rate, herbicide dosage and application timing on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) yield, yield components and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control in South Eastern Ethiopia.

Knowledge of optimal combinations of crop densities, herbicide dose and time of application could improve the effectiveness and net benefit of commonly used herbicides. A study was conducted at two locations in SARC on-station and farmer’s field, South Eastern Ethiopia for two years from 2007 to 2008. The experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB) design with split-plot arrangement. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) seeding rates (recommended, 25% and 50% plus recommended rate) were arranged in the main plot. Four wild oat (Avena fatua) herbicide, Topik, doses (0, 25, 50 and 100 % of the recommended dose) and three timing of applications (14 DA, 32 DAE and 50 DAE) were used as sub-plot treatments. The treatments were compared to determine their effect on durum wheat yield, yield components wild oat densities and control efficacies. Durum wheat seeding rates significantly influenced grain and biomass yield, spike per unit area and kernel weight. Seeding rate of 225 kg ha-1 produced highest grain yield (3810.4 kg ha-1) while 150 kg ha-1 recorded the lowest. Mean wild oat density count before herbicide application timings varied over the two locations averaging 37 and 87 seedlings m-2. Increasing seed rate by 25 and 50% increased wild oat control efficacy by 16.9 and 21.5% respectively. Spraying the herbicide at later growth stages caused greater wild oat seedling density and reduced wheat yield at both locations. The highest efficacy (94.04%) was obtained in the second time of application (30 DAE) of 1 l lit ha-1. The highest reduction in population density was occurred in 100% herbicide rate. There was a general decline in wild oat density in the early application and as the herbicide dose increased, but the effect of seeding rate varied very slightly. In contrast to the wild oat control efficacy the highest grain yield ha-1 was obtained in the first application date (14 DAE). Durum wheat yield losses in the absence of herbicide application were increased by about 16%. Maximum yield (3870.73 kg ha-1) was obtained at 100% of the herbicide dose very closely followed by 50 and 25% of the recommended rate reducing durum wheat yield only by about 1.6 and 2% respectively. Durum wheat seeding rate, herbicide dosage and application timing had statistically no significant interaction effect. Key words: Durum wheat, Wild oat, Herbicide dose, Seeding rate, Application timing.
Antimicrobial peptides: Resistant‐proof antibiotics of the new millennium

This review encompasses an update on the worldwide research activities made towards developing antimicrobials against the persistent threats from multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative infection. The lethality of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide and its conserved bioactive moiety, lipid A, is discussed. We include documentation of our own research efforts towards the development of novel endotoxin antagonists and antimicrobials such as Sushi peptides, derived from the horseshoe crab Factor C, which show great promise for future prophylactic/therapeutic applications. The mechanism of microbicidal action of the Sushi peptides is postulated. In addition to Sushi peptides, we also present other approaches we have undertaken, such as screening for anti‐endotoxic peptides from a phage‐display library; a computational approach towards rational design of anti‐endotoxic and antimicrobial peptides; and finally, a novel alternative that is best analogized by the ancient Chinese medical practice of using “poison to kill poison,” which, in modern parlance, entails the innovative application of nonendotoxic Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide/lipid A as a competitor to antagonize the endotoxicity of LPS, and hence, the display of antimicrobial properties. Drug Dev. Res. 62:317–335, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distributionally Robust Optimization with Decision-Dependent Ambiguity Set

Abstract: We introduce a new class of distributionally robust optimization problems under decision-dependent ambiguity sets. In particular, as our ambiguity sets we consider balls centered on a decision-dependent probability distribution. The balls are based on a class of earth mover’s distances that includes both the total variation distance and the Wasserstein metrics. We discuss the main computational challenges in solving the problems of interest, and provide an overview of various settings leading to tractable formulations. Some of the arising side results are also of independent interest, including mathematical programming expressions for robustified risk measures in a discrete space. Finally, we rely on state-of-the-art modeling techniques from machine scheduling and humanitarian logistics to arrive at potentially practical applications.
Observations of Markarian 421 with the MAGIC Telescope

The MAGIC telescope took data of very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) between 2004 November and 2005 April. We present a combined analysis of data samples recorded under different observational conditions, down to γ-ray energies of 100 GeV. The flux was found to vary between 0.5 and 2 crab (integrated above 200 GeV), considered a low state when compared to known data. Although the flux varied day by day, no short-term variability was observed, although there is some indication that not all nights show an equally quiescent state. The results at higher energies were found to be consistent with previous observations. A clear correlation is observed between γ-ray and X-ray fluxes, whereas no significant correlation between γ-ray and optical data is seen. The spectral energy distribution between 100 GeV and 3 TeV shows a clear deviation from a power law, more clearly and at lower flux than previous observations at higher energies. The deviation persists after correcting for the effect of attenuation by the extragalactic background light, and most likely is source-inherent. There is a rather clear indication of an inverse Compton peak around 100 GeV. The spectral energy distribution of Mrk 421 can be fitted by a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model, suggesting once again a leptonic origin of the very high energy γ-ray emission from this blazar.
MINERALOGY OF SULFOSALT-RICH VEIN-TYPE ORES, BOLIDEN MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT, SKELLEFTE DISTRICT, NORTHERN SWEDEN

Sulfosalt-rich vein-ores, which form an important mineralization type of the Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic-hosted Boliden Au–Cu–As massive sulfide deposit, in the Skellefte district, in northern Sweden, have been investigated by a combination of ore microscopy, electron-microprobe analysis and balanced reactions. The sample material contains a variety of ore minerals, including Au–Ag alloy, gudmundite, selenian galena, kobellite, tetrahedrite, bournonite and laitakarite. The vein ores display structures indicative of extensive deformation. Three distinct decomposition-induced assemblages, which postdate the deformation, have formed at the expense of kobellite: (i) selenian galena + laitakarite, (ii) tetrahedrite + laitakarite, and (iii) bournonite + laitakarite. Both kobellite and bournonite are unusually Se-rich, with concentrations in the range of 3.16–4.55 wt. % and 3.37–4.73 wt. %, respectively. Laitakarite, Bi 4 (Se,S) 3 , is characterized by substantial incorporation of Te, in the range of 0.94–9.64 wt. %. Comparable compositions have not been reported before and are indicative of extensive solid-solution within the system Bi 4 S 3 –Bi 4 Se 3 –Bi 4 Te 3 . Pb, with concentrations in the range of 3.01–4.56 wt. %, constitutes an essential component of laitakarite. The amount of Pb incorporation is approximately constant over the entire compositional range. Construction of balanced reactions for the principal types of decomposition textures demonstrates that these fluid-assisted replacement processes are controlled by individual pairs of immobile elements.
The role of spiral stabilization exercise on the level of postural stabilty

Struhar, I. ,Kapounkova, K. , & Vencurik, T. (2015). The role of spiral stabilization exercise on the level of postural stabilty. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. , 9(Proc1), pp.S279-S285. The main aim of our study was to find out if exercise of spiral stabilization can improve level of postural stability (PS). PS is often described as the ability to maintain center of gravity within the base of support and it is also a fundamental part in assessing the efficacy of intervention for improving balance. Both, static and dynamic PS is the result of relationship between proprioception, vision and vestibular system. These three main sources are responsible for position of the body during static or dynamic activity. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (11 girls; mean age=13.3±1.3 years; mean height=1.52±0.07 m; mean body weight=44.56±4.13 kg) and control group (11 girls; mean age=13.5±0.80 years; mean height=1.50±0.08 m; mean body weight=46.45±6.27 kg). At the beginning of the experiment, parents of participants signed the informed consent about participation on the programme. An electronic balance board was used for measuring PS. The exercise regimen was set up 4 times weekly for 3 months. The result of the study showed significant improvement in a level of postural stability in the experimental group (paired samples ttest; p=0.00989; the significance level 95%) and there is no significant improvement in the control group (p=0.25564; the significance level 95%). Key words: BALANCE, PROPRIOCEPTION, SPINE
Losing the last feather: feather loss as an antipredator adaptation in birds

Birds often lose feathers during predation attempts, and this ability has evolved as a means of escape. Because predators are more likely to grab feathers on the rump and the back than on the ventral side of an escaping bird, we predicted that the former feathers would have evolved to be relatively loosely attached as an antipredator strategy in species that frequently die from predation. We estimated the force required to remove feathers from the rump, back, and breast by pulling feathers with a spring balance from a range of European bird species in an attempt to investigate ecological factors associated with ease of feather loss during predation attempts. The force required to loosen a feather from the rump was less than that required to loosen a feather from back, which in turn was less than that required to loosen a feather from the breast. The relative force needed to loosen rump feathers compared with feathers from the back and the breast was smaller for prey species preferred by the most common predator of small passerine birds, the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus. Likewise, the relative force was also smaller in species with a high frequency of complete tail loss among free-living birds, which we used as an index of the frequency of failed predation attempts. The relative force required to remove feathers from the rump was smaller in species with a high frequency of fear screams, another measure of the relative importance of predation as a cause of death. Feather loss required particularly little force among solitarily breeding bird species that suffer the highest degree of predation. Antipredator defense in terms of force required to remove feathers from the rump was larger in species with a strong antiparasite defense in terms of T-cell--mediated immune response. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that different defenses are antagonistic and that they are traded off against each other. Copyright 2006.
A New Analysis of the Determinants of the Real Dollar-Sterling Exchange Rate: 1871-1994

The high persistence of both PPP deviations and the proxy variables for the equilibrium real rate might create a problem of spurious coefficient significance within recently applied nonlinear models. To illustrate we consider the real Dollar-Sterling exchange rate over the period 1871â1994. A nonlinear ESTAR process with a time-varying equilibrium seems to parsimoniously fit the data. Appropriate significance levels are obtained using the wild bootstrap method to adequately capture the conditional heteroskedasticity in the data. Our results provide further evidence for the nonlinear model and the implied speed of adjustment is found to be substantially faster than previously reported in the literature.
1 THE SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF NIGERIA ’ S BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY : FRESH INSIGHTS FROM THE SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY

Although the on-going terrorism of the ‘Nigerian Taliban’ from northeastern Nigeria, commonly known as ‘Boko Haram’ (‘Western education is sin’), has elicited numerous works, there is yet to be a more constructive analysis that adequately accounts for the social dynamics of the group’s identity and belonging in the Nigerian polity. This paper is the first systematic attempt to draw on the social identity theory (SIT) to develop a conceptual discourse that explains the causal relationship between religion in Nigeria as a force of mobilisation as well as an identity marker, and shows how its politics, practice and perception are implicated in the escalating terrorism of Boko Haram. Along the way, the paper considers the social dynamics of poverty and relative economic deprivation in northern and especially northeastern Nigeria, and their contributions to the spiralling violence of Boko Haram.