Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability and convergent validity of three physical activity assessments.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the stability and convergent validity of heart rate (HR) monitoring, Caltrac accelerometer, and physical activity recall (PAR) in sixth-grade girls during normal weekday activities. METHODS 46 sixth-grade girls (age 12 +/- 0.6) wore HR monitors and Caltrac accelerometers for 3 d during school, after school, and evenings. We also obtained a PAR for each day. Data were compared on the basis of kcal x h(-1). RESULTS Two days' worth of data were analyzed for each participant. Intraclass correlation coefficients obtained by use of repeated measures ANOVA revealed that HR monitoring (r = 0.99) and PAR (r = 0.98) were extremely stable across 2 d, whereas Caltrac was moderately stable (r = 0.76). Pearson correlations between techniques were HR versus PAR, r = 0.50 (P < 0.01), HR versus Caltrac, r = 0.28, and Caltrac versus PAR, r = 0.76 (P < 0.01). Methods comparison plots showed poor individual subject agreement between all three types of assessment. CONCLUSION HR and PAR were stable across 2 d. PAR underestimated caloric expenditure by approximately 14%. Caltrac showed the least utility in both reliability and validity.
Adaptation to Water Stress in Wheat.

Three experiments were designed to investigate to what extent adaptation to water stress take place. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kolibri) was grown in water culture at constant temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. When the plants were 16 days old, the potential of the root medium (ψr ) was lowered by 1 bar every second day by means of polyethyleneglycol 1500 down to -4 or -7 bar and then remained at these levels. As a control one experiment was grown at -0.7 bar. By regression it was found that when ψr was lowered by I bar, osmotic potential in leaf (ψπ ) decreased 1.46 bar, and leaf water potential (ψt ) 0.68 bar, which mean an increase of turgor of 0.78 bar. At the same time the leaf water content did fall 0.30 g per g dry matter. Specific transpiration rate increased significantly after ψr was kept constant, but the increase in area of fresh leaves was strongly reduced due to wilting of old leaves. After an "adaptation" period during which ψr remained at -0.7, -4, and -7 bar, respectively, for at least 1 week. ψr was altered so as to cover the range from 0 to -14 bar and ψπ , ψr , transpiration and diffusion resistance in stomata (rs ) were measured. The levels of ψπ and ψ1 were lower (more negative) and turgor potential higher in plants grown at low ψr . The transpiration in pre-stressed plants showed less sensitivity to the alteration of ψr than in the non-stressed plants. The values of ψr at which rs increased greatly, were found to be about -13, -15, and -18 bar for plants grown at -0.7, -4, and -7 bar, respectively.
Single-Event Transient Pulse Propagation in Digital CMOS

Dynamic circuit equations are used to analyze the response of CMOS inverter chains to stimuli of various forms. Using a normalized description of the CMOS inverter, the conditions under which a single-event transient pulse will propagate are derived in terms of basic technology and circuit parameters. The inverter characteristic waveform, derived in a technology-independent way, is shown to be key to unattenuated pulse propagation. The pulse broadening mechanism is shown to be predictable from CMOS device hysteretic effects, and technology-normalized values of pulse broadening are quantified.
Dynamics of HiPIMS Discharge Operated in Oxygen

We report on time- and species-resolved plasma imaging analysis of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge operated above a Cr target in pure oxygen. It was found that the discharge emission is dominated by oxygen species. No metal-dominated sputtering has been detected, in contrast to the discharges in Ar, N2, and N2/Ar mixtures investigated previously.
Identification of Viral MicroRNAs Expressed in Human Sacral Ganglia Latently Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus 2

ABSTRACT Deep sequencing of small RNAs isolated from human sacral ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) was used to identify HSV-2 microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed during latent infection. This effort resulted in the identification of five distinct HSV-2 miRNA species, two of which, miR-H3/miR-I and miR-H4/miR-II, have been previously reported. Three novel HSV-2 miRNAs were also identified, and two of these, miR-H7 and miR-H9, are derived from the latency-associated transcript (LAT) and are located antisense to the viral transcript encoding transactivator ICP0. A third novel HSV-2 miRNA, miR-H10, is encoded within the unique long (UL) region of the genome, 3′ to the UL15 open reading frame, and is presumably excised from a novel, latent HSV-2 transcript distinct from LAT.
Review of displacement damage effects in silicon devices

This paper provides a historical review of the literature on the effects of radiation-induced displacement damage in semiconductor materials and devices. Emphasis is placed on effects in technologically important bulk silicon and silicon devices. The primary goals are to provide a guide to displacement damage literature, to offer critical comments regarding that literature in an attempt to identify key findings, to describe how the understanding of displacement damage mechanisms and effects has evolved, and to note current trends. Selected tutorial elements are included as an aid to presenting the review information more clearly and to provide a frame of reference for the terminology used. The primary approach employed is to present information qualitatively while leaving quantitative details to the cited references. A bibliography of key displacement-damage information sources is also provided.
The Influenza B Virus Nonstructural NS1 Protein Is Essential for Efficient Viral Growth and Antagonizes Beta Interferon Induction

ABSTRACT We analyzed the functions of the influenza B virus nonstructural NS1-B protein, both by utilizing a constructed mutant virus (ΔNS1-B) lacking the NS1 gene and by testing the activities of the protein when expressed in cells. The mutant virus replicated to intermediate levels in 6-day-old embryonated chicken eggs that contain an immature interferon (IFN) system, whereas older eggs did not support viral propagation to a significant extent. The ΔNS1-B virus was a substantially stronger inducer of beta IFN (IFN-β) transcripts in human lung epithelial cells than the wild type, and furthermore, transiently expressed NS1-B protein efficiently inhibited virus-dependent activation of the IFN-β promoter. Interestingly, replication of the ΔNS1-B knockout virus was attenuated by more than 4 orders of magnitude in tissue culture cells containing or lacking functional IFN-α/β genes. These findings show that the NS1-B protein functions as a viral IFN antagonist and indicate a further requirement of this protein for efficient viral replication that is unrelated to blocking IFN effects.
Arabidopsis ABI 5 Subfamily Members Have Distinct DNA-Binding and Transcriptional Activities 1

A small family of novel basic leucine zipper proteins that includes abscisic acid (ABA)-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) binds to the promoter region of the lea class gene Dc3. The factors, referred to as AtDPBFs (Arabidopsis Dc3 promoter-binding factors), were isolated from an immature seed cDNA library. AtDPBFs bind to the embryo specification and ABA-responsive elements in the Dc3 promoter and are unique in that they can interact with cis-elements that do not contain the ACGT core sequence required for the binding of most other plant basic leucine zipper proteins. Analysis of full-length cDNAs showed that at least five different Dc3 promoter-binding factors are present in Arabidopsis seeds; one of these, AtDPBF-1, is identical to ABI5. As expected, AtDPBF-1/ABI5 mRNA is inducible by exogenous ABA in seedlings. Despite the near identity in their basic domains, AtDPBFs are distinct in their DNA-binding, dimerization, and transcriptional activity.
Genetic and molecular characterization of uveal melanoma cell lines

The recent identification of frequent activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 in uveal melanoma provides an opportunity to better understand the pathogenesis of this melanoma subtype and to develop rational therapeutics to target the cellular effects mediated by these mutations. Cell lines from uveal melanoma tumors are an essential tool for these types of analyses. We report the mutation status of relevant melanoma genes, expression levels of proteins of interest, and DNA fingerprinting of a panel of uveal melanoma cell lines used in the research community.
Transcription factor NF‐κB activation after in vivo perforant path LTP in mouse hippocampus

There is increasing evidence that transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role in maintaining later phases of hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP). We have been led to study the role in synaptic plasticity of the powerful, yet generally unheralded, NF‐κB TF because it may serve as both a signaling molecule after its activation at the synapse and then a transcription initiator upon reaching the nucleus. In the present study, we show that LTP activates NF‐κB in the intact mouse hippocampus. Mice were sacrificed 15 min after one of three treatments: tetanization (high‐frequency stimulation [HFS]), low‐frequency stimulation (LFS), or no stimulated control animals (CT). In a first study, nuclear NF‐κB activity from hippocampus was estimated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). A higher level of hippocampal TF binding to the NF‐κB recognition element was found in the HFS group compared with LFS or CT. In a second study, NF‐κB activity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with a specific antibody that recognizes the activated form of NF‐κB. This antibody binds to the exposed nuclear location sequence on the p65 subunit of NF‐κB consequent to its dissociation from the inhibitory IκB molecule. In the four subfields of hippocampus examined—granule cell layer, hilus of the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 pyramidal fields of the hippocampal gyrus—the highest levels of activated NF‐κB, statistically significant in all cases were found after HFS. In certain comparisons, LFS animals also showed significant elevation with respect to CT. These results support the role of NF‐κB as part of the synaptic signaling and transcriptional regulation mechanism required in long‐term plasticity, emphasizing the combinatorial nature of TF function. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of proteins highly expressed in the hyphae of Candida albicans by two‐dimensional electrophoresis

The increase in Candida albicans infections is caused by the increase in therapies resulting in immunocompromised patients. One factor required for C. albicans pathogenicity is the morphological transition from yeast to hypha. The protein profiles of whole extracts from yeasts and hyphae were examined using two‐dimensional electrophoresis to identify the proteins related to the morphological transition. Over 900 protein spots were visualized by silver staining and 11 spots were increased more than three‐fold reproducibly during hyphal differentiation. Six of the 11 spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprints, of which three represented PRA1, two PHR1 and the last TSA1. Vertical streak patterns of Pra1p and Phr1p indicated that post‐translational modifications seem to be caused by variable glycosylation. Comparative proteome analysis between the wild‐type and the deletion mutants, CAMB43 (Δpra1) and CAS10 (Δphr1), further confirmed the identity of PRA1 and PHR1. Interestingly, Pra1p was downregulated in phr1‐deleted mutants. Only PHR1 transcription was increased, indicating that PRA1 and TSA1 are controlled at the post‐translational level. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple applicator approaches for radiofrequency and microwave ablation

Treatment of tumours greater than 2 cm by radiofrequency (RF) or microwave ablation typically use multiple sequential applications, since most currently available ablation devices are limited to use of a single applicator at a time. A major focus of current ablation research is on methodologies that allow increasing the coagulation zone to more rapidly treat large tumours. The ability to use multiple applicators simultaneously would satisfy this need. It would significantly reduce treatment time and may lead to a reduction in local tumour progression, especially in perivascular locations. Several methods have been suggested that potentially allow simultaneous use of multiple applicators, both with radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) ablation. This review compares the different methods of multiple applicator use, investigating advantages and disadvantages of each modality.
Effect of care-delivery delay on the survival of Mexican women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of care-delivery delays on survival among women with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 854 women attending 11 hospitals from 2007-2009 was carried out. Kaplan-Meier estimators and a Cox proportional-risk model were employed. RESULTS A total of 10.5% of cases were diagnosed in stage I. 82% of sampled women delayed care for more than 67 days between noticing a symptom and initiating treatment. The median time from receipt of results of the mammography to biopsy was 31 days (IQR 14-56). Compared with those who were in quartile I (Q1), survival was lower among those in Q3 and Q4 (HR=1.68, 95%CI 0.94-3.00; HR=1.76, 95% CI 1.04-2.98, respectively). CONCLUSIONS To increase survival, it is suggested that the time between receipt of the mammography results and diagnostic biopsy be reduced.
6C-4 Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Electrical Shorting of the Surface on PFA of SH0 Wave in Thin Piezoelectric Plates

This paper is concerned with the theoretical and experimental investigation of power flow angle (PFA) of SH0 waves propagating in thin plates. It is found that the PFA is a sensitive function of electrical boundary conditions. Variations in PFA of as much as 14deg can be obtained for SH0 waves propagating in Y cut lithium niobate plates. This effect can be gainfully employed for development of various devices for signal processing, for example, electrically controlled acoustic switches
Parental and offspring associations of the metabolic syndrome in the Fels Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND Evidence shows that some causes of the metabolic syndrome (MS) begin in childhood, which could indicate a familial association, through either genetic inheritance or cohabitation. OBJECTIVE This study examined associations between parents and adult offspring diagnoses of the MS and its risk factors. DESIGN Measurements were obtained from adult participants and their adult offspring enrolled in the Fels Longitudinal Study, with simultaneous waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides, HDL, and glucose observations used for diagnosis. On the basis of repeated measurements (in some cases), adult participants were classified as having the MS at least once or as never having the MS. Chi-square tests, ORs, and mixed-effects models were used to study familial associations. RESULTS Maternal (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.5) and paternal (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.4, 12.1) MS classifications were significantly associated with MS classification in sons. MS classification in mothers and daughters (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 0.9, 8.7; P = 0.08) was similar to that in sons but was not significant, whereas fathers and daughters were not associated (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.4, 3.5). Maternal MS diagnoses were significantly and positively associated with triglycerides in male offspring and were significantly associated with SBP, DBP, and triglycerides in females. Paternal diagnoses were significantly associated only with DBP and HDL in male offspring. CONCLUSIONS Parental MS diagnosis is significantly associated with MS diagnosis in adult male offspring, and adverse levels of certain risk factors are associated between offspring and parents, although these associations vary across risk factors and child sex.
Intercomparison of Precipitation Estimates From WSR-88D Radar and TRMM Measurement Over Continental United States

This paper examines the spatial error structures of precipitation estimates derived from both WSR-88D ground radar measurements and National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite-based radar and passive microwave measurements. The surface and spaceborne precipitation products are systematically evaluated via comparison with the Climate Prediction Center Unified Gauge Analysis over the Continental United States (CONUS) from December 2008 through November 2010. The WSR-88D quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products analyzed include the national mosaic daily QPE products (Q2) and Stage II and Stage IV daily products. The TRMM QPE products analyzed include the version-7 real-time product 3B42RT and the research product 3B42 (3B42V7). The results of the comparison based on two-year mean daily precipitation over CONUS demonstrate the following: 1)3B42V7 and Stage IV perform fairly similarly with correlation coefficients (CCs) of 0.92 and 0.91, relatively low (magnitude) relative biases (RBs) of -3.32% and -7.16%, and low root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) of 0.49 and 0.54 mm/day, respectively; 2) the gauge-corrected daily Q2 product (Q2RadGC) is slightly inferior to the 3B42V7 and Stage IV products but outperforms both the real-time satellite-only product 3B42RT and the two radar-only products (Q2Rad and Stage II) in terms of both CC and RMSE; 3) Q2Rad shows similar performance to 3B42RT regarding RB and CC; and 4) Stage II has particularly poor performance and suffers from systematic precipitation overestimation, particularly in northeastern Oregon, northern Utah, northeastern Carolina, and northern Georgia.
First Generation Gene Expression Signature for Early Prediction of Late Occurring Hematological Acute Radiation Syndrome in Baboons

We implemented a two-stage study to predict late occurring hematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) in a baboon model based on gene expression changes measured in peripheral blood within the first two days after irradiation. Eighteen baboons were irradiated to simulate different patterns of partial-body and total-body exposure, which corresponded to an equivalent dose of 2.5 or 5 Gy. According to changes in blood cell counts the surviving baboons (n = 17) exhibited mild (H1–2, n = 4) or more severe (H2–3, n = 13) HARS. Blood samples taken before irradiation served as unexposed control (H0, n = 17). For stage I of this study, a whole genome screen (mRNA microarrays) was performed using a portion of the samples (H0, n = 5; H1–2, n = 4; H2–3, n = 5). For stage II, using the remaining samples and the more sensitive methodology, qRT-PCR, validation was performed on candidate genes that were differentially up- or down-regulated during the first two days after irradiation. Differential gene expression was defined as significant (P < 0.05) and greater than or equal to a twofold difference above a H0 classification. From approximately 20,000 genes, on average 46% appeared to be expressed. On day 1 postirradiation for H2–3, approximately 2–3 times more genes appeared up-regulated (1,418 vs. 550) or down-regulated (1,603 vs. 735) compared to H1–2. This pattern became more pronounced at day 2 while the number of differentially expressed genes decreased. The specific genes showed an enrichment of biological processes coding for immune system processes, natural killer cell activation and immune response (P = 1 × E-06 up to 9 × E-14). Based on the P values, magnitude and sustained differential gene expression over time, we selected 89 candidate genes for validation using qRT-PCR. Ultimately, 22 genes were confirmed for identification of H1–3 classifications and seven genes for identification of H2–3 classifications using qRT-PCR. For H1–3 classifications, most genes were constantly three to fivefold down-regulated relative to H0 over both days, but some genes appeared 10.3-fold (VSIG4) or even 30.7-fold up-regulated (CD177) over H0. For H2–3, some genes appeared four to sevenfold up-regulated relative to H0 (RNASE3, DAGLA, ARG2), but other genes showed a strong 14- to 33-fold down-regulation relative to H0 (WNT3, POU2AF1, CCR7). All of these genes allowed an almost completely identifiable separation among each of the HARS categories. In summary, clinically relevant HARS can be independently predicted with all 29 irradiated genes examined in the peripheral blood of baboons within the first two days postirradiation. While further studies are needed to confirm these findings, this model shows potential relevance in the prediction of clinical outcomes in exposed humans and as an aid in the prioritizing of medical treatment.
A new committee dedicated to understanding and helping hand trauma management in Europe: The FESSH Hand Trauma Committee

Dupuytren’s nodules are generally hypo-echoic and oriented longitudinally to the digit. These findings are not pathognomonic of Dupuytren’s disease and have also been described in nerve tumours of the hand (Bianchi et al., 2005). On MR imaging Dupuytren’s nodules have variable signal characteristics (low to intermediate intensity). In this instance, the typical high signal intensity on T2-weighted images that one normally sees in nerve tumours was absent. However, the proximity of lesion to the neurovascular bundle both onMR andUS imaging prompted the preoperative diagnosis of a nerve tumour. As few patients with Dupuytren’s disease require imaging to reach a diagnosis before planning surgery, it is understandable that radiologists will be less familiar with its appearance. This may have contributed to the initial misinterpretation of this patient’s disease.
Formation of Caries-Like Lesions in vitro on the Root Surfaces of Human Teeth in Solutions Simulating Plaque Fluid

Lesion formation on root surfaces of human posterior teeth was studied in acetate/lactate buffers with a background electrolyte composition based on plaque fluid analyses. Lesion depth after 28 days at 37°C was measured in relation to: the presence or absence of cementum; the concentration of undissociated buffer; the presence or absence of magnesium ions at plaque fluid concentration. Each factor was evaluated at several values of –log(ion activity product for hydroxyapatite): pIHA. Solutions were formulated to minimize variation in pH, which varied by ≤0.03 for a given comparison (individual pIHA) and by 0.42–0.82 over the range of pIHA within experiments. Lesions on surfaces from which cementum had been ground were significantly deeper than on intact surfaces, but this is considered to be due to subsurface mechanical damage and not to a solubility difference. Neither the concentration of undissociated buffer nor the presence of magnesium ions significantly affected lesion depth. Lesion depth was strongly influenced by the correlated variations in pIHA and pH. At pIHA 54 and 55, only extremely shallow lesions formed. From pIHA 56, lesion depth increased with increasing pIHA. The results confirm that the solubility of the mineral of root tissues is higher than that of hydroxyapatite, but indicate that it is probably lower than suggested by Hoppenbrouwers et al. [Arch Oral Biol 1987;32:319–322]. For calcium concentrations of 3–12 mM, the critical pH for root tissue mineral was calculated as 5.22–5.66 assuming solubility equivalent to pIHA 54 and 5.08–5.51 assuming pIHA 55.