Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the Acute Kidney Injury Network creatinine-based criteria in patients submitted to mechanical ventilation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to assess the new diagnostic criteria of acute kidney injury (AKI) proposed by the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) in a large cohort of mechanically ventilated patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This is a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 2783 adult intensive care unit patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) with data on serum creatinine concentration (SCr) in the first 48 hours. The absolute and the relative AKIN diagnostic criteria (changes in SCr ≥ 0.3 mg/dl or ≥ 50% over the first 48 hours of MV, respectively) were analyzed separately. In addition, patients were classified into three groups according to their change in SCr (ΔSCr) over the first day on MV (ΔSCr): group 1, ΔSCr ≤ -0.3 mg/dl; group 2, ΔSCr between -0.3 and +0.29 mg/dl; and group 3, ΔSCr ≥ +0.3 mg/dl). The primary end point was in-hospital mortality, and secondary end points were intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and duration of MV. RESULTS Of 2783 patients, 803 (28.8%) had AKI according to both criteria: 431 only absolute (AKI(A)), 362 both relative and absolute (AKI(R+A)), and 10 only relative. The relative criterion identified more patients when baseline SCr (SCr₀) was <0.9 mg/dl and the absolute when SCr₀ was >1.5 mg/dl. The diagnosis of AKI was associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the validity of the AKIN criteria in a population of mechanically patients and the criteria's relationship with the baseline SCr.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate Hybrid Chains from the Notochord of Hagfish

Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chains were purified from the notochord of hagfish. The chains (previously named CS-H for hagfish) have an average molecular mass of 18 kDa. Composition analysis using various chondroitinases demonstrated a variety of d-glucuronic acid (GlcUA)- and l-iduronic acid (IdoUA)-containing disaccharides variably sulfated with a higher proportion of GlcUA/IdoUA-GalNAc 4,6-O-disulfate, revealing complex CS/DS hybrid features. The hybrid chains showed neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of an axonic nature, which resembled the activity of squid cartilage CS-E and which was abolished fully by chondroitinase ABC digestion and partially by chondroitinase AC-I or B digestion, suggesting the involvement of both GlcUA and IdoUA in neuritogenic activity. Purified CS-H exhibited interactions in a BIAcore system with various heparin-binding proteins and neurotrophic factors (viz. fibroblast growth factor-2, -10, -16, and -18; midkine; pleiotrophin; heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor; vascular endothelial growth factor; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), most of which are expressed in the brain, although fibroblast growth factor-1 and ciliary neurotrophic factor showed no binding. Kinetic analysis revealed high affinity binding of these growth factors and, for the first time, of the neurotrophic factors. Competitive inhibition revealed the involvement of both IdoUA and GlcUA in the binding of these growth factors, suggesting the importance of the hybrid nature of CS-H for the efficient binding of these growth factors. These findings, together with those from the recent analysis of brain CS/DS chains from neonatal mouse and embryonic pig (Bao, X., Nishimura, S., Mikami, T., Yamada, S., Itoh, N., and Sugahara, K. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 9765–9776), suggest physiological roles of the hybrid chains in the development of the brain.
PYLOS REGIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, PART VIII: Lithics and Landscapes: A Messenian Perspective

Abstract:The authors document and discuss the chipped stone assemblage collected by the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project in Messenia, Greece, during three seasons of surface investigations conducted between 1992 and 1994.The article begins with a brief description of the basic characteristics of the PRAP chipped stone assemblage. This section is followed by a discussion of the diachronic social processes that can be inferred from the patterns in the assemblage, from the Middle Palaeolithic through historical periods. The article concludes with a comparative analysis of how the distribution of chipped stone in the Messenian landscape relates to comparable evidence from survey projects elsewhere in the Aegean.
Mental Health and Labour Market Participation: Evidence from IV Panel Data Models

A large body of empirical research links mental health and labour market outcomes; however, there are few studies that effectively control for the two-way causality between work and health and the existence of unobserved individual characteristics that might jointly determine health and labour market outcomes. In this study, we estimate the effect of mental health on labour market participation using various models, including instrumental variable models that exploit individual variation observed in panel data. We find robust evidence that a reduction in mental health has a substantial negative impact on the probability of actively participating in the labour market. We calculate that a one standard deviation decrease in mental health decreases the probability of participation by around 17 percentage points. This effect is larger for females and for older individuals. We therefore provide robust evidence that there are substantial costs due to the lost productivity resulting from poor mental health.
Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients with Hospital Readmissions

ABSTRACT It is unclear whether patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continue to harbor the same genotype during hospital readmissions. We characterized 140 MRSA strains isolated from 33 persistent MRSA carriers with hospital readmissions. Nearly half of the patients continued to harbor the same genotype, and the rest acquired different genotypes. Among 25 patients who received eradication therapy, 16 (64%) were colonized with MRSA strains exhibiting different genotypes from the preexisting one.
Heterogeneity of rat corticospinal neurons

In order to examine the degree of diversity within a population of cortical projection neurons, rat corticospinal cells were retrogradely labeled in vivo by injocting rhodamine‐tagged microspheres into the cervical spinal cord, and subsequently studied electrophysiologically and anatomically in neocortical slices maintained in vitro, by use of Standard current clamp techniques and a double‐labeling protocol (Tseng et al, J. Neurosci. Meth. 37′. 121–131, 1991). Three different subgcroups were distinguished on the basis of their spiking behavior: (l) Adapting cells had a marked fast (50 ms) and slow phase (200 ms) of spike frequency adaptation; (2) regulr spiking (RS) cells had only a period offast adaptation; (3) some regulr spiking neurons had prominent depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs) and could generate bursts of Spikes, often in repetitive fashion (RSoAp cells). Subgroups of RSc.Ap cells had different patterns of burst responses to depolarizing current pulses, suggesting differences in the types and/or sites ofunderlying ionic conduetances.
The Sentinel-1 mission and its application capabilities

The ESA Sentinels constitute the first series of operational satellites responding to the Earth Observation needs of the EU-ESA Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. The GMES space component relies on existing and planned space assets as well as on new complementary developments by ESA. This paper describes the Sentinel-1 mission, an imaging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite constellation at C-band. It provides an overview of the mission requirements, its applications and the technical concept for the system.
Autoantibodies against Oxidized LDL in the First Phase of Life

Abstract The study presents a comparison of data concerning lipid metabolism and lipid oxidation (oxidative stress) in children at the time of their birth and 3 months later, as well as of their mothers at the time of delivery, compared to a control group of non-pregnant women of the same age. The data confirm that labour represents an oxidative stress for both mother and child; it is expressed as a significant increase of malondialdehyde concentration in mothers immediately after delivery in comparison with non-pregnant women (p < 0.001). Its concentration in newborns was even higher than in their mothers (p < 0.005). Concentration of antibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDLAb) was comparable in mothers and newborns due to their transplacental transport. During the first three months of life these autoantibodies increased almost two-fold. The importance of this unique observation is discussed with respect to possible early atherogenesis.
Maternidad sin matrimonio en América Latina: análisis comparativo a partir de datos censales

Numerosos estudios previos han mostrado que las uniones consensuales constituyen un contexto socialmente aceptado para tener y criar hijos en America Latina. En este sentido, los objetivos de este trabajo son: i) documentar la prevalencia actual de la fecundidad no matrimonial en los distintos paises latinoamericanos –distinguiendo entre fecundidad dentro de una union consensual y fuera de union– y examinar los patrones observados por edad y por estrato educativo; ii) describir la evolucion temporal de la fecundidad no matrimonial desde 1970, por estrato educativo, y iii) para un pais, (Colombia) analizar, por medio de un modelo logistico multinomial, la probabilidad de que un nacimiento se produzca en un contexto matrimonial, consensual o fuera de union, segun las caracteristicas demograficas y socioeconomicas de la madre.
Next-to-next-to-leading-order collinear and soft gluon corrections for t-channel single top quark production

I present the resummation of collinear and soft-gluon corrections to single top quark production in the t channel at next-to-next-to-leading logarithm accuracy using two-loop soft anomalous dimensions. The expansion of the resummed cross section yields approximate next-to-next-to-leading-order cross sections. Numerical results for t-channel single top quark (or single antitop) production at the Tevatron and the LHC are presented, including the dependence of the cross sections on the top quark mass and the uncertainties from scale variation and parton distributions. Combined results for all single top quark production channels are also given.
Retrieval from long-term memory in senile dementia; cued recall revisited.

Experimental studies suggest that patients with presenile dementia have difficulty in retrieving information from long-term memory and are aided differentially by cueing. The present study demonstrates, through a comparison of cued and recognition recall, that this suggestion also applies to patients with mild to moderate senile dementia. The implications of this finding are discussed.
FgTep1p is linked to the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signalling pathway and plays a role in the virulence of Fusarium graminearum on wheat.

Both mammalian tensin-like phosphatase 1 [TEP1; also known as phosphatase deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) or mutated in multiple advanced cancer 1 (MMAC1)] and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScTep1p are involved in the phosphatidylinositol pathway. In this study, we identified the Fusarium graminearum locus FGSG_04982. 3 (named FgTEP1) as the functional homologue of ScTEP1 in the sensitivity of S. cerevisiae cells to wortmannin, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor. Deletion of FgTEP1 causes F. graminearum mycelial growth to become sensitive to lithium and reduces the production of conidia. Although conidia lacking FgTEP1 germinate normally, they show reduced germination efficiency in the presence of wortmannin. In addition, we showed that deletion of FgTEP1 reduces the virulence of F. graminearum on wheat. These results indicate that FgTep1p is linked to the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signalling pathway in this plant fungal pathogen.
Coveting Thy Neighbor&Apos;S Manuafacturing: the Dilemma of State Income Apportionment

This paper investigates the economic impact of the apportionment formulae used to divide corporate income taxes among the states. Most apportionment formulae, by including payroll, turn the state corporate income tax at least partially into a payroll tax. Using panel data from 1978 - 1994, the results show that this distortion has an important effect on state-level employment. For the average state, reducing the payroll weight from one-third to one-quarter increases manufacturing employment around 3% and the result is highly robust. The results also indicate that apportionment changes have important negative externalities on other states in that the effects of the apportionment formula on aggregate employment is zero. Every job gained within a state from an apportionment change is taken from another state. This externality suggests that the U.S. would be better off if the apportionment formula were set at a federal level. The paper also shows that because the payroll component of the tax is administered on top of the existing payroll tax, the deadweight loss from this component of state corporate income taxation may be significant, despite the low tax rates.
Application of a General Computer Algorithm Based on the Group-Additivity Method for the Calculation of Two Molecular Descriptors at Both Ends of Dilution: Liquid Viscosity and Activity Coefficient in Water at Infinite Dilution

The application of a commonly used computer algorithm based on the group-additivity method for the calculation of the liquid viscosity coefficient at 293.15 K and the activity coefficient at infinite dilution in water at 298.15 K of organic molecules is presented. The method is based on the complete breakdown of the molecules into their constituting atoms, further subdividing them by their immediate neighborhood. A fast Gauss–Seidel fitting method using experimental data from literature is applied for the calculation of the atom groups’ contributions. Plausibility tests have been carried out on each of the calculations using a ten-fold cross-validation procedure which confirms the excellent predictive quality of the method. The goodness of fit (Q2) and the standard deviation (σ) of the cross-validation calculations for the viscosity coefficient, expressed as log(η), was 0.9728 and 0.11, respectively, for 413 test molecules, and for the activity coefficient log(γ)∞ the corresponding values were 0.9736 and 0.31, respectively, for 621 test compounds. The present approach has proven its versatility in that it enabled the simultaneous evaluation of the liquid viscosity of normal organic compounds as well as of ionic liquids.
Real-time object recognition and orientation estimation using an event-based camera and CNN

Real-time visual identification and tracking of objects is a computationally intensive task, particularly in cluttered environments which contain many visual distracters. In this paper we describe a real-time bio-inspired system for object tracking and identification which combines an event-based vision sensor with a convolutional neural network running on FPGA for recognition. The event-based vision sensor detects only changes in the scene, naturally responding to moving objects and ignoring static distracters in the background. We present operation of the system for two tasks. The first is proof of concept for a remote monitoring application in which the system tracks and distinguishes between cars, bikes, and pedestrians on a road. The second task targets application to grasp planning for an upper limb prosthesis and involves detecting and identifying household objects, as well as determining their orientation relative to the camera. The second task is used to quantify performance of the system, which can discriminate between 8 different objects in 2.25 ms with accuracy of 99.10% and is able to determine object orientation with -4.5° accuracy in an additional 2.28 ms with accuracy of 97.76%.
Performance Benchmarking and Effective Channel Length for Nanoscale InAs,  ${\rm In}_{0.53}{\rm Ga}_{0.47}{\rm As}$ , and sSi n-MOSFETs

Thanks to the high electron velocities, III-V semiconductors have the potential to meet the challenging ITRS requirements for high performance for sub-22-nm technology nodes and at a supply voltage approaching 0.5 V. This paper presents a comparative simulation study of ultrathin-body InAs, In0.53Ga0. 47As, and strained Si MOSFETs, by using a comprehensive semiclassical multisubband Monte Carlo (MSMC) transport model. Our results show that: 1) due to the finite screening length in the source-drain regions, III-V and Si nanoscale MOSFETs with a given gate length (LG) may have a quite different effective channel length (Leff); 2) the difference in Leff provides a useful insight to interpret the performance comparison of III-V and Si MOSFETs; and 3) the engineering of the source-drain regions has a remarkable influence on the overall performance of nanoscale III-V MOSFETs.
Prevalence and Recent Trends in Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity among New Zealand Adolescents.

BACKGROUND Around the world, there have been numerous reports of a leveling of the prevalence of obesity. Given that New Zealand has among the highest rates of child and adult obesity in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the aim of the current study was to document the prevalence of, and recent trends in, overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among adolescents in New Zealand. METHODS Data were collected as part of two nationally representative surveys in 2007 and 2012. In both surveys, a nationally representative group of students was selected to participate in the health and well-being surveys from a nationally representative sample of secondary schools. Across the two surveys, more than 17,000 students participated in the survey, which also included measured heights and weights. RESULTS In 2012, nearly 40% of adolescents in New Zealand were overweight, obese, or severely obese. Between 2007 and 2012, there were no decreases in the prevalence of obesity for the general population or any demographic subgroup. However, the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity for Pacific young people increased significantly. Of note, the prevalence of severe obesity for Pacific young people increased from 9% in 2007 to 14% in 2012. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current study indicate the need for an urgent investment in obesity prevention, particularly to address the growing inequalities in obesity for Pacific young people.
The toxic effects of nickel chloride on liver, erythropoiesis, and development in Wistar albino preimplanted rats can be reversed with selenium pretreatment

The exposure to nickel chloride (NiCl2) can cause hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity and canaffect development. The present study pertains to the protective effect of selenium (Se) against NiCl2‐induced toxicity in preimplanted Wistar albino rats. The subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 25 or 50 mg/kg of NiCl2 to Wistar albino rats on day 3 of gestation induced an immediate and significant decrease in maternal body weight and anemia 2 days after treatment. In addition, an increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed. These effects were maintained on day 20 of gestation. Moreover, a significant increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed with the administration of 25 mg/kg of NiCl2. Conversely, administration of 50 mg/kg of NiCl2 by s.c. injection increased erythropoiesis at day 20 of gestation and decreased platelets counts. In addition, administration of 100 mg/kg of NiCl2 markedly reduced the maternal body weight and number of live fetuses and increased fetal loss, predominantly at the end of the experimental period. All dose levels of NiCl2 caused an alteration in the hepatic histoarchitecture. When 0.3‐mg/kg Se was injected s.c. with 100‐mg/kg NiCl2, the levels of plasma AST and ALT and the structure of the liver were restored. Administration of 20 mg/L/day of NiCl2 in the drinking water significantly reduced the maternal body weight at day five of gestation as well as erythropoiesis during the exposure period. The present study suggests that Se can counteract the nocuous effect of nickel on the liver; however this antioxidant did not prevent alterations in development and erythropoiesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.
Psychological predictors of hypertension in the Framingham Study. Is there tension in hypertension?

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that heightened anxiety, heightened anger intensity, and suppressed expression of anger increase the risk of hypertension, using the Framingham Heart Study. DESIGN A cohort of men and women without evidence of hypertension at baseline were followed up for 18 to 20 years. Baseline measures of anxiety (tension), anger symptoms, and expression of anger (anger-in and anger-out) were taken, along with biological and behavioral predictors of hypertension (initial systolic blood pressure, heart rate, relative weight, age, hematocrit, alcohol intake, smoking, education, and glucose intolerance). PARTICIPANTS A total of 1123 initially normotensive persons (497 men, 626 women) were included. Analyses were stratified by age (45 to 59 or > or = 60 years) and gender. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hypertension was defined as either taking medication for hypertension or blood pressures higher than 160/95 mm Hg at a biennial examination. RESULTS In univariate analyses, middle-aged men who went on to develop hypertension had greater baseline anxiety levels than men who remained normotensive (P = .04). Older hypertensive men had fewer anger symptoms at baseline (P = .04) and were less likely to hold their anger in (P = .01) than normotensives. In multivariate Cox regression analysis including biological predictors, anxiety remained an independent predictor of hypertension in middle-aged men (P = .02). Among older men, anger symptoms and anger-in did not remain significant predictors in the multivariate analysis. Further analysis showed that only middle-aged men with very high levels of anxiety were at increased risk (relative risk, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.94). No psychological variable predicted hypertension in middle-aged or older women in either univariate or multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that among middle-aged men, but not women, anxiety levels are predictive of later incidence of hypertension.