Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonsurgical Options for the Post-Meniscectomy Knee

The high incidence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) after meniscectomy, combined with the serious burden caused by the disease, warrants the need for treatments that focus on attempts to prevent or delay the progression of OA after this common procedure. The purpose of this paper is to review nonsurgical management strategies after meniscectomy. When reviewing such strategies, we emphasize outlining the normal role of the meniscus and finding potential methods of reproducing those functions through alternate techniques. We consider knee braces and shoe wedges, as they may reduce the external moments about the knee, decrease compartment loads, and improve the symptoms associated with OA. We also describe low-impact training programs with foci on proprioception, postural control, and muscular strength.
Transbronchoscopic Lung Biopsy for Diffuse Pulmonary Diseases

I n 1965, 13 cases of diffuse pulmonary diseases in which lung biopsy specimens were obtained via the open-tube or rigid bronchoscope were reported. ’ Feasibility of the procedure was demonstrated first in animals before attempting it in patients. In 1972, experience with 450 cases was reviewed and technique was explained in detail.2 In 1969, Shigeto Ikeda brought his flexible bronchoscope to the Mayo Clinic and immediately we were enthusiastic about its use for general diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures. We continued, however, to use the open-tube bronchoscope for most lung biopsies because it allowed larger forceps which obtamed more satisfactory tissue for interpretation by the pathologist. Reports began to appear in 1974 of lung biopsies for diffuse pulmonary diseases using the standard flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. Subsequently, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes with larger working channels allowing larger forceps became available and we anticipated that these would answer objections of the pathologists concerning size of the biopsy specimen. In our experience, however, the larger forceps have not been any more satisfactory than the smaller forceps in obtaining sizeable specimens. Consequently, use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope in patients with a diffuse pulmonary process is limited largely to upper lobe disease. This report documents the results of transbronchoscopic lung biopsy in 939 patients with diffuse iiIterstitial or alveolar diseases.
Clinical leadership characteristics confirmed

Aims This paper compares the results of two studies conducted by the same researcher into the attributes and characteristics of clinical leaders. Background The two studies used an almost identical questionnaire; however, they were conducted 6 years apart, in different counties, with different health care staff (nurses and paramedics), made up of very different gender ratios. The initial study was larger and focused on more than describing clinical leader attributes; however, this was the principle focus of the second study. Findings The findings from both studies offer very similar results and describe clear insights into the attributes health professionals seek in clinical leaders. The research findings are remarkably similar given the differences in professional group, gender variations, country differences and time span. Conclusions Leaders are followed because there is a match between the leaders values and beliefs and their actions. People identify with the leaders values and follow them if they are reflected in the leaders’ actions. Clinical leader characteristics are approachability, clinical competence, being supportive, acting as mentors or role models, being visible in practice, directing and helping people, inspiring confidence, having effective communication skills and behaving with integrity. Vision and creativity were less evidently sought or identified as a clinical leader characteristic.
Genocide in the minds of Cambodian youth: transmitting (hi)stories of genocide to second and third generations in Cambodia

Several studies have been done on the survivors of the genocidal Khmer Rouge regime on issues of memory, accountability and reconciliation, but little attention has so far been paid to the children of survivors. This paper looks at how the history of Cambodian genocide has been transmitted to Cambodian second and third generations in the homes of the victims and perpetrators, at schools and through memorialization practices in Cambodia. The paper is informed by five months of field research in Cambodia conducted with around 200 Cambodian youth in the summer of 2005. The findings illustrate that, in the absence of adequate education on the history of the Khmer Rouge period, the prevalent exposure to the horrors of the genocide at homes, schools, museums and memorials has worked to produce fear, anger, disbelief or denial in many Cambodian youth, sustained their myths, and has left them with several compelling questions, such as “why did Khmer kill Khmer? ” The paper asserts that Cambodia needs to better confront how it transmits the history of genocide to its young generations. It provides recommendations as to how to improve this process and to empower and include youth in Cambodia's quest for truth, justice and reconciliation.
Clinical Manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Children in Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background: Pediatric HIV infection is a major world health problem, which is progressing at an alarming rate. Children with AIDS compared to immune competent ones present with disease patterns that are different in nature, severity and/or frequency. Objective: To study the clinical profile of HIV/AIDS in children. Methods: A retrospective study of 89 children with symptomatic HIV infection, aimed at evaluating the clinical manifestations of HIV infection in patients admitted to Gondar University Hospital over a period of five years. Results: Eighty nine children having symptomatic HIV infection were studied. Their ages ranged from 16 months to 12 years. The median age was 2.8 years. Majority of the patients were from urban areas. The main presenting complaint were cough and/or difficult breathing 52 (58.4%) and diarrhea 47 (52.8%). Chronic diarrhea was seen in 34.8% of the patients. Commonly seen physical findings on admission were hepatomegaly (53.9%), fever (50.0%), respiratory distress (47.2%), skin lesions (46.1%), generalized lymphadenopathy (41.6%) and splenomegaly (29.2%). Neurological manifestations included developmental delay, microcephaly and seizure disorder. Most of the patients were malnourished. The main diseases that were identified were tuberculosis (70.9%), pneumonia (43.8%), oral thrush (25.8%) and chronic ear infection (24.7%). Eight (9%) of the patients died in the hospital. Conclusion: The manifestations of HIV infection in children are protean and mimic a number of other illnesses. A high index of suspicion would therefore help in making early diagnosis and a management plan. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2005;19(1):24-28]
Is high body mass index independently associated with diminished glomerular filtration rate? An epidemiological study.

AIM To examine whether there is an independent association between body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a large primary care population. METHODS Anonymous data were sequentially extracted from primary care records between 2006 and 2009 in a primary care population of approximately 220,000 people in Kent, South East UK. Using GFR, BMI, age, gender and comorbidities we examined the association between BMI and GFR. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using SPSS(®) (SPSS Inc., Chicago). RESULTS Sixty-one thousand six-hundred thirty seven people fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no correlation between BMI and GFR on univariate analysis. When stratified by BMI, ANOVA demonstrated a statistically significant difference in GFR across BMI strata (p < 0.001). However the absolute differences in BMI between groups were very small. There was a small association between BMI and GFR on multivariate analysis, much of which was lost on adjustment for confounding variables. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that elevated BMI is not a biologically significant predictor of diminished GFR and therefore may be an insufficiently accurate measure of risk for the metabolic syndrome and CKD.
Psychological stress and strain in dialysis staff: a systematic review.

UNLABELLED BACKGROUNG: As the number of dialysis patients increases, the psychological stress and strain suffered by dialysis personnel is of growing importance. For this reason a systematic review of the international literature was performed. METHODS A search of relevant databases for original studies or reviews published after 1990 resulted in 20 articles. The quality of these studies was assessed and they were grouped according to their focused central issues. RESULTS Stress and burnout were examined in 10 studies and a review. Working conditions and working situation in general were examined in eight studies. The findings were heterogeneous and difficult to compare. The results indicate that employees in the dialysis sector are subject to moderate levels of stress and burnout. Job satisfaction seems to be good. The few studies that allowed for comparison with other professions did not reveal excess stress and strain in dialysis personnel. CONCLUSION The results do not indicate that dialysis workers are exposed to above-average levels of stress or strain. Nevertheless, there is room for optimisation and need for action in some facilities.
Predictors of Patients’ Intentions to Participate in Incident Reporting and Medication Safety

Background To date, there is a paucity of theory-driven research on the likely determinants of patient involvement in safety-relevant behaviors. In particular, very little work has focused on predictors of patient behaviors that do not involve direct interactions with health-care staff. Objective To examine predictors of patients’ intentions to engage in 2 safety behaviors: (1) reporting an error to a national reporting system and (2) bringing medicines into hospital. Design Cross-sectional survey study. Participants Eighty medical and surgical hospital inpatients aged 18 to 80 years (mean, 48 years) from one inner city London teaching hospital. Method Survey that measured the utility of constructs of the health belief model and theory of planned behavior in predicting patients’ intentions to report an error to a national reporting system or to bring their medications into hospital. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results Control beliefs were the strongest predictors of patients’ intentions. Normative beliefs were also a strong predictor of intentions to report an error to a national reporting system. The regression model accounted for smaller percentage of the variance in patients’ intentions to bring medications into hospital than to report an error to a national reporting system (37% and 48%, respectively). Conclusions Interventions aimed at encouraging the participation of patients in promoting their own safety should consider the extent to which patients feel in control and capable of performing the behavior in question; this will help support patients to work with health-care professionals in ensuring safe care.
Evaluation of a three‐stage, community Smoke‐free Homes Project

Purpose – This paper aims to review the effectiveness of a Smoke‐free Homes Project in a deprived area, Salford, in the UK. The project aimed to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke within the home, chiefly amongst households with resident smokers.Design/methodology/approach – Local people from ten deprived communities were recruited as Smoke‐free Advisors, raising awareness of the dangers of secondhand smoke and “rewarding” participants for making one of three smoke‐free promises, ranging from keeping their home smoke‐free (gold promise) to not smoking around children.Findings – In nine months, the project more than doubled its original target of 1,440 smoke‐free households, achieving 3,261 smoke‐free promises. Three‐quarters of these were the full, “gold” promise. At follow up, 98 per cent claimed they had kept to their promise, with 72 per cent describing this as “fairly easy” or “very easy”. Most common reasons given for signing up were children's health or meeting a Smoke‐free Advisor. The target for .
Alterações moleculares associadas à hemocromatose hereditária

Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is the most common autosomal disease in Caucasians. It is characterized by an increase in intestinal absorption of iron, which results in a progressive accumulation of iron in the body. The classification of HH is carried out according to the genetic alteration found; thus cases of HH are divided into Types 1, 2A, 2B, 3 and 4, when the iron overload is associated to the HFE, HJV, HAMP, TFR2 and SLC40A1 genes, respectively. There is research on the three HFE gene mutations (C282Y, H63D and S65C) in the Brazilian population however there are no Brazilian studies that evaluate the presence of mutations in other genes related to the pathophysiology of HH (HJV, HAMP, TFR2 and SLC40A1 genes). Nevertheless, studies conducted in Brazil have described that some patients with primary iron overload are not carriers of the Type 1 HH (associated with the HFE gene). Hence, it is very important to identify the genetic characteristics of this population, as mutations of the HJV, HAMP, TFR2 and SLC40A1 genes may be associated with the pathophysiology of the disease, and there may be interactions between mutations. These findings will help in understanding the pathophysiology of patients with HH in Brazil.
Molecular mechanism of dynein recruitment to kinetochores by the Rod–Zw10–Zwilch complex and Spindly

The molecular motor dynein concentrates at the kinetochore region of mitotic chromosomes in animals to accelerate spindle microtubule capture and to control spindle checkpoint signaling. In this study, we describe the molecular mechanism used by the Rod–Zw10–Zwilch complex and the adaptor Spindly to recruit dynein to kinetochores in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos and human cells. We show that Rod’s N-terminal &bgr;-propeller and the associated Zwilch subunit bind Spindly’s C-terminal domain, and we identify a specific Zwilch mutant that abrogates Spindly and dynein recruitment in vivo and Spindly binding to a Rod &bgr;-propeller–Zwilch complex in vitro. Spindly’s N-terminal coiled-coil uses distinct motifs to bind dynein light intermediate chain and the pointed-end complex of dynactin. Mutations in these motifs inhibit assembly of a dynein–dynactin–Spindly complex, and a null mutant of the dynactin pointed-end subunit p27 prevents kinetochore recruitment of dynein–dynactin without affecting other mitotic functions of the motor. Conservation of Spindly-like motifs in adaptors involved in intracellular transport suggests a common mechanism for linking dynein to cargo.
The oral health status of patients with renal disease in central India: a preliminary study.

AIM To compare prevalence of caries and periodontal disease amongst patients on renal dialysis with healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted amongst 30 cases and 30 controls. Patients who were diagnosed with renal disease were included as cases and systemically healthy individuals as controls. Patients' perceptions of oral health were recorded using structured questionnaires. The WHO proforma (1997) was used to record the periodontal condition, caries status and the treatment need of each group. RESULTS The number of people affected by periodontal disease (bleeding and calculus) was significantly higher amongst people with renal disease compared with controls (p < 0.05) and also mean caries prevalence amongst the cases was significantly higher compared with controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for greater periodontal disease amongst patients with renal disease as compared with healthy individuals.
On robust partial least squares (PLS) methods

PLS regression methods have been used in applied fields for two decades. Techniques based on iteratively reweighted regression have appeared in the specialized literature with the contaminated data case. We propose a new robust PLS technique based on statistical procedures for covariance matrix robustification. We select the well‐known Stahel–Donoho estimator (SDE). We include computational results comparing performance in terms of the standard PLS PRESS reduction if the robust PLS techniques are used. We use simulated and real data and include computational results showing the better robustness and efficiency for the new robust PLS method.Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy: Similar, but Separate

Three articles were published in the 1998 volume of the British Journal of Occupational Therapy which dealt with the issue of professional boundaries and role overlap between occupational therapy and physiotherapy. There has also been some recent debate on the same topic in the USA and Canada. This paper discusses issues related to the perceived professional role overlap between occupational therapy and physiotherapy. The implications for occupational therapy are discussed and recommendations are made.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as immune adjuvant enhances photodynamic therapy response in murine metastatic breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women. The side effects and complications following current breast cancer therapy can be devastating. Moreover, the prognosis in late stages of the diseases is usually poor. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that is capable of both local tumor destruction and immune stimulation. However, treatment with PDT alone is often non‐curative due to tumor‐induced immune cell dysfunction and immune suppression. This phenomenon has motivated a new approach by combining immunostimulants with PDT to enhance anti‐tumor immunity. In the present study, we investigated PDT mediated by verteporfin and 690 nm light delivered 15 min later, in combination with an immunomodulation approach using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for the treatment of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer in a BALB/c immunocompetent mouse model. In vitro, CpG primed immature dendritic cells (DC) via toll like receptor 9 to phagocytose PDT killed tumor cells leading to DC maturation and activation. Peritumoral injection of CpG after PDT in mice gave improved local tumor control and a survival advantage compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.05). CpG may be a valuable dendritic cell targeted immunoadjuvant to combine with PDT. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long term recovery of median nerve repair using laser‐activated chitosan adhesive films

Sutures remain the standard peripheral nerve repair technique, whether applied directly or indirectly to nerve tissue. Unfortunately, significant postoperative complications can result, such as inflammation, neuroma formation and foreign body reactions. Photochemical‐tissue‐bonding (PTB) using rose Bengal (RB) integrated into a chitosan bioadhesive is an alternative nerve repair device that removes the need for sutures. Rats were arranged into three groups: RB‐chitosan adhesives‐repair, end‐to‐end epineural suture‐repair (surgical standard) and sham laser‐irradiated control. Groups were compared through histological assessment, electrophysiological recordings and grip motor strength. RB‐chitosan adhesive repaired nerves displayed comparable results when compared to the standard suture‐repair based on histological and electrophysiological findings. Functionally, RB‐chitosan adhesive was associated with a quicker and more pronounced recovery of grip force when compared to the suture‐repair. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new filtering technique for removing anti‐Stokes emission background in gated CW‐STED microscopy

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a prominent approach of super‐resolution optical microscopy, which allows cellular imaging with so far unprecedented unlimited spatial resolution. The introduction of time‐gated detection in STED microscopy significantly reduces the (instantaneous) intensity required to obtain sub‐diffraction spatial resolution. If the time‐gating is combined with a STED beam operating in continuous wave (CW), a cheap and low labour demand implementation is obtained, the so called gated CW‐STED microscope. However, time‐gating also reduces the fluorescence signal which forms the image. Thereby, background sources such as fluorescence emission excited by the STED laser (anti‐Stokes fluorescence) can reduce the effective resolution of the system. We propose a straightforward method for subtraction of anti‐Stokes background. The method hinges on the uncorrelated nature of the anti‐Stokes emission background with respect to the wanted fluorescence signal. The specific importance of the method towards the combination of two‐photon‐excitation with gated CW‐STED microscopy is demonstrated. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Segregation in the Golgi complex precedes export of endolysosomal proteins in distinct transport carriers

Biosynthetic sorting of newly synthesized transmembrane cargos to endosomes and lysosomes is thought to occur at the TGN through recognition of sorting signals in the cytosolic tails of the cargos by adaptor proteins, leading to cargo packaging into coated vesicles destined for the endolysosomal system. Here we present evidence for a different mechanism in which two sets of endolysosomal proteins undergo early segregation to distinct domains of the Golgi complex by virtue of the proteins’ luminal and transmembrane domains. Proteins in one Golgi domain exit into predominantly vesicular carriers by interaction of sorting signals with adaptor proteins, but proteins in the other domain exit into predominantly tubular carriers shared with plasma membrane proteins, independently of signal–adaptor interactions. These findings demonstrate that sorting of endolysosomal proteins begins at an earlier stage and involves mechanisms that partly differ from those described by classical models.
CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, No. 44

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