Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPORTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER STRUCTURAL CHANGE: A CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

A number of studies have tried to establish a causal link between export expansion and economic growth. Empirical studies of the relationship have pursued two different approaches-one set has used inter-country statistical comparisons and the second set has focused on the economic performance of individual countries. Our contribution to the work is to recognize that structural changes will, over time, change the sources of growth and this will affect the export-growth relationship. We use country case study approach focusing on Malaysia, a country with one of the world's highest sustained growth rates over the past 3 decades. Malaysia has also had a long history of commodity trade but has been successful, in the last 2 decades in diversifying and shifting its export base toward manufactured goods. We use VAR analysis of Malaysian quarterly trade and GDP growth to test for the presence of export-led growth from 1965 to 1996. Trade data are disaggregated into primary and manufactures exports and causality tests are applied to the entire period as well as two subperiods-the 1965-80 period when policy emphasis was on import substitution and the 1981-96 period when government policies strongly favored export-led growth. Statistical tests confirmed export-led growth for the full period and for the earlier years up to 1980 but tests on the 1981-96 period revealed a reversal of the causal relationship with growth causing exports. Results also show that primary exports apparently have had a stronger direct impact on Malaysian economic growth than manufactures. The explanation for this paradoxical result showing weakening support for export-led growth after Malaysia shifted to an export-oriented development strategy lies with the structural changes associated with the industrialization. Unlike primary commodity exports, for which value-added is derived primarily from domestic sources, Malaysian manufactures exports rely heavily on imported raw materials and equipment. As manufactures increase as a proportion of Malaysia's exports, the export-led causality relationship weakens. The interaction among trade and growth variables becomes more complex. These empirical results not only provide insight into how the Malaysian trade-growth relationship has evolved, they also help explain the inconsistent and, frequently, conflicting results found in the literature. The empirical tests for export-led growth may be effective in capturing the trade-growth interaction at early and intermediate stages of development, but as a nation's economic structure becomes more complex, causality tests on aggregate trade and growth variables will likely fail capture these complicated interrelationships. Future empirical studies of the export-led growth hypothesis need to consider how to incorporate a broadening of the export base and a diversification of the economic structure into the measurement of trade-growth relationships.
The Assassination of Character: A Reversed Agenda Setting Study of the Twitter Campaign “#IfTheyGunnedMeDown”

The fatal shooting of unarmed teenager Michael Brown sparked U.S. wide protests. Whilst many protested on the streets in Ferguson, online activists took to social media. The viral #IfTheyGunnedMeDown was a response to how Michael Brown was portrayed in the media, with some audiences labelling him a thug who was flashing gang signs. It aimed to address a rhetorical question which resonates with much of the African American community, “what picture would the media use to represent me? ” Scholars have highlighted how black individuals are often depicted as violent criminals and much of society has come to subconsciously accept these stereotypes. This study uses a multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) of Twitter content to identify common negative stereotypes associated with African Americans and a content analysis of U.S. mainstream news coverage, such as The Washington Post and The New York Times to identify whether the hashtag campaign had reversed agenda setting effects. The results of the study have found that the #IfTheyGunnedMeDown successfully highlighted the problematic issue of the media routinely reinforcing negative stereotypes of African Americans and influenced the media to discuss the issue within wider reports of Ferguson. The study has highlighted that viral hashtag campaigns on Twitter are becoming a powerful force for ordinary citizens to voice their opinions and should not be ignored by journalists.
A Climatology of Tropical Storm and Hurricane Strikes to Enhance Vulnerability Prediction for the Southeast U.S. Coast

A simple model of the average swath of tropical storm and hurricane-force winds to the right and left of storm centers is developed and utilized to evaluate the geographical and temporal distribution of storm strikes at "point locations" along the subtropical coast of the United States. The specific area of study is from South Padre Island, Texas, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The time of record is 100 years from 1901 through 2000. The analysis illustrates the great geographical variability with high frequencies of tropical storm and hurricane strikes in southeastern Louisiana, southern Florida, and eastern North Carolina. Coastlines with lower frequency strikes are located along the western coastline of the Gulf of Mexico in southern Texas, the northeastern coastline of the Gulf in Florida from near Apalachicola southward to St. Petersburg, and especially along the South Atlantic coast from Daytona Beach, Florida, northward to the vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina. Temporal variability is great and significant, however, and with the exception of the northern Gulf Coast, most coastal sites have experienced pronounced clusters of strikes separated by tens of years with very few strikes. The occurrences of tropical storm and hurricane events over the Gulf of Mexico are related to La Nina, neutral, and EI Nino seasons, but the clusters of strike events and longer runs of seasons with minimal activity cannot be explained on the basis of ENSO indices alone. Our findings have important implications for storm clusters and vulnerability prediction along coasts.
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY STRIPE 82 IMAGING DATA: DEPTH-OPTIMIZED CO-ADDS OVER 300 deg2 IN FIVE FILTERS

We present and release co-added images of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82. Stripe 82 covers an area of ∼300 deg2 on the celestial equator, and has been repeatedly scanned 70–90 times in the ugriz bands by the SDSS imaging survey. By making use of all available data in the SDSS archive, our co-added images are optimized for depth. Input single-epoch frames were properly processed and weighted based on seeing, sky transparency, and background noise before co-addition. The resultant products are co-added science images and their associated weight images that record relative weights at individual pixels. The depths of the co-adds, measured as the 5σ detection limits of the aperture (3.″2 diameter) magnitudes for point sources, are roughly 23.9, 25.1, 24.6, 24.1, and 22.8 AB magnitudes in the five bands, respectively. They are 1.9–2.2 mag deeper than the best SDSS single-epoch data. The co-added images have good image quality, with an average point-spread function FWHM of ∼1″ in the r, i, and z bands. We also release object catalogs that were made with SExtractor. These co-added products have many potential uses for studies of galaxies, quasars, and Galactic structure. We further present and release near-IR J-band images that cover ∼90 deg2 of Stripe 82. These images were obtained using the NEWFIRM camera on the NOAO 4 m Mayall telescope, and have a depth of about 20.0–20.5 Vega magnitudes (also 5σ detection limits for point sources).
THEORETICAL EVOLUTION OF OPTICAL STRONG LINES ACROSS COSMIC TIME

We use the chemical evolution predictions of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with our latest theoretical stellar population synthesis, photoionization, and shock models to predict the strong line evolution of ensembles of galaxies from z = 3 to the present day. In this paper, we focus on the brightest optical emission-line ratios, [N ii]/Hα and [O iii]/Hβ. We use the optical diagnostic Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich (BPT) diagram as a tool for investigating the spectral properties of ensembles of active galaxies. We use four redshift windows chosen to exploit new near-infrared multi-object spectrographs. We predict how the BPT diagram will appear in these four redshift windows given different sets of assumptions. We show that the position of star-forming galaxies on the BPT diagram traces the interstellar medium conditions and radiation field in galaxies at a given redshift. Galaxies containing active galactic nucleus (AGN) form a mixing sequence with purely star-forming galaxies. This mixing sequence may change dramatically with cosmic time, due to the metallicity sensitivity of the optical emission-lines. Furthermore, the position of the mixing sequence may probe metallicity gradients in galaxies as a function of redshift, depending on the size of the AGN narrow-line region. We apply our latest slow shock models for gas shocked by galactic-scale winds. We show that at high redshift, galactic wind shocks are clearly separated from AGN in line ratio space. Instead, shocks from galactic winds mimic high metallicity starburst galaxies. We discuss our models in the context of future large near-infrared spectroscopic surveys.
Historical Climate off the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula

Abstract. The Iberian Peninsula, at North Atlantic mid-latitude and the western extreme of the European continent, is a key point for climate reconstructions. This work provides multi-proxy records measured in 8 inner-shelf sediment cores from 5 sites located between South Portugal (Algarve) and Northwest Spain (Galiza) (36 to 41o N) and target a regional reconstruction of climate variability during the Historic period (last 2 ky). The SST records reveal a long-term scale cooling (±1 oC/2 ky) that ends at the beginning of the 20th century at all latitudes. This cooling is a follow up of the cooling process that started in the early Holocene driven by a decrease in summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere. Within this long term SST variability multi-decadal/centennial scale variability is detected along Iberia. The different latitudinal SST reconstructions jointly with a determined regional SST stack were compared to on-land precipitation from higher plant n-alkanes and pollen data, to assess the relationship between hydroclimate (drought and/or precipitation) and SST. Regional variability is overall in consonance with NE Spain, and other European and north Hemisphere reconstructions. Warm conditions prevailed throughout 1300 yr, encompassing the Roman Period (RP), the Dark Ages (DA) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). The initial cooling at 1300 CE leads to 4 centuries of ±1 oC colder mean SSTs contemporaneous with the Little Ice Age (LIA). The transition towards the Industrial Era starts by 1800 CE with a rise to pre-LIA SSTs. Climate specificities have been detected in western Iberian margin records and reveal the existence of two distinct phases within the MWP and a two-step SST increase towards the Industrial Era. The intense precipitation/flooding and warm winters but cooler intermediate seasons observed for the early MWP imply the interplay of internal oceanic variability with the three known atmospheric circulation modes, AMO, EA and SCAND in a positive phase. The late MWP, typified by drier and cooler winters and warmer intermediate seasons calls for a change in sign of the SCAND. A stronger mark of oceanic influences on western Iberian Peninsula (IP) starts with the transition to the Industrial Era.
Policing the private: Social barriers to the effective policing of domestic violence

Problems in policing are commonly framed as institutional failures. This is frequently the case in the policing of domestic violence, where the limited ability of police to assist abuse victims is often reported to be a consequence of a lack of resources or inadequate training for police. This paper examines the challenges and limitations of policing domestic violence from a different angle. Reflecting on key findings from a qualitative study of local perceptions of and attitudes towards domestic violence in the South African township of Khayelitsha, we highlight the strong disciplinary influence of cultural norms and beliefs in shaping victims’ reluctance to involve police in cases of abuse. While our findings clearly underscore the limits of focusing on improved policing absent cultural change, we nuance and qualify this argument by identifying important exceptions from the norm and mapping gendered and intra-gender differences in participants’ concerns.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON SOME EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM SERPYLLI HERBA

A 1:10 tincture and an 1:2 hydro-alcoholic fluid extract were obtained from the vegetal product Serpylli herba originating from the spontaneous species Thymus pulegioides L. The active principles identified in the two extracts by thin layer chromatography were: luteolin, apigenin, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, triterpenic acids. The tincture had a content (m/m, g %) of 0.024 - 0.027 flavonoids (expressed as rutin) and 0.336 - 0.356 polyphenolic acids (expressed as clorogenic acid), while the fluid extract had a content (m/m, g %) of 0.104 - 0.142 flavonoids (expressed as rutin) and 1.78 1.84 polyphenolic acids (expressed as clorogenic acid). Both extracts presented an anti-inflammatory effect demonstrated by the plethysmometric technique (rat paw edema induced by kaolin 10 %), effect more intense for the tincture, compared to the control substance (diclofenac) 4 hours after the administration and to the fluid extract. Rezumat
Observations of cattle use of prairie dog towns

We investigated the use of prairie dog towns by cattle (Bos taurus) on the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado by conducting surveys of cattle and vegetation from June to August 1999. Cattle presence and behavior were recorded 3 times a week during driving surveys of 15 black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns. A subset of 3 pastures with prairie dog towns was intensively surveyed twice weekly wherein the habitat and activity of a randomly chosen focal animal was recorded every 6 minutes for 3.5 hours. Bite and step counts of other individuals were recorded for 5-minute intervals. Vegetation height and cover data were collected monthly on each of 6 habitats. Results from driving surveys and intensively surveyed pastures were similar; cattle neither significantly preferred nor avoided prairie dog towns. Bare ground cover on prairie dog towns did not significantly differ from most other habitats, but vegetation on prairie dog towns was significantly shorter on (mean = 6.7 cm) than that off (mean = 11.9 cm) prairie dog towns. Nevertheless, foraging observations indicated that there was no significant difference between cattle foraging rates on swales (70.9 bites/min) and prairie dog towns (69.5 bites/min). Thus, cattle on the shortgrass steppe appear to use prairie dog towns in proportion to their availability and, while there, they graze as intensively as they do on habitats not inhabited by prairie dogs. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v56i5_guenther
ECONOMIC & DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERICTICS, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND DEMAND FOR LIFE INSURANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL REGION OF SRI LANKA

This paper presents findings of the determinants of demand for life insurance in the central region of Sri Lanka. It is a novel study in the sense that it incorporated social capital as a determinant of demand for life insurance. Primary data has been collected through random sampling and the logistic model was used to examine the determinants of the demand for life insurance. Results confirmed that gender, income, trust and social capital has significant effect on demand for life insurance in the study area. Income and trust came out positive contributors of life insurance demand. However, it is worthy to note that although income has a positive effect on life insurance demand but its odds ratio makes it less important factor to influence demand for life insurance. Gender has deteriorated effect on demand for life insurance indicating that male household head less likely to purchase life insurance. Similarly, social capital also has a negative impact on demand for life insurance. Other determinants like age, religious status, working status, and education, has not significant effect on life insurance demand. Policies are recommended on research findings .
CCD photometry of the globular cluster M15: RR lyrae fourier decomposition and physical parameters

Results of CCD photometry using V and R lters are reported for 33 RR Lyrae stars in M15. The periodicities of some variables have been revised and new ephemerides are given. The Blazhko eect, previously reported in V12, was not detected. Applying the approach of Fourier decomposition of the light curves, the physical parameters of the type RRab and RRc variables were estimated. The cluster is Oosterho type II and the values for the iron content and distance are: [Fe/H]= 1:98 0:24 and d = 8:67 0:41 kpc, respectively. The mean values of the physical parameters determined for the RR Lyrae stars place the cluster precisely into the sequences Oosterho type |metallicity and metallicity| eectiv e temperature, valid for globular clusters. Evidences of evolution from the ZAHB are found for the RRc but not for the RRab stars.
Oogenesis in the Medaka Oryzias latipes : Stages of Oocyte Development : Developmental Biology

Etude des caracteristiques des follicules vivants et fixes, par microscopie optique et microscopie electronique en vue d'etablir une table standard des stades de developpement d'ovocytes d'O. latipes qui peuvent etre utilises pour des etudes cytologiques, physiologiques ou biochimiques
High repetition rate ultrashort laser cuts a path through fog

We experimentally demonstrate that the transmission of a 1030 nm, 1.3 ps laser beam of 100 mJ energy through fog increases when its repetition rate increases to the kHz range. Due to the efficient energy deposition by the laser filaments in the air, a shockwave ejects the fog droplets from a substantial volume of the beam, at a moderate energy cost. This process opens prospects for applications requiring the transmission of laser beams through fogs and clouds.
Morphological divergence of Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Burckhardt, 1913 (Copepoda: Calanoida) between the Japan Sea and Pacific coasts of western Japan

Two morphological groups of Pseudodiaptomus inopinus were detected in western Japan. One was from the Japan Sea and Tsushima Strait coasts and the other from the Pacific coast including the west and east coasts of Kyushu Island. Differences in fe- males were seen in the posterior processes of the genital operculum, shape of the genital flap, and medial spinules on the first exopodal segment of the fifth leg, and those in males were in the shape of the first exopodal segment of the fifth left leg, and position of the me- dial process on the third exopodal segment of the fifth right leg. Proportional length of the caudal rami also differed in both sexes. Among these morphologies, the length of the genital operculum process discretely separated each group, but variations in the other morphometric characters were overlapping. Geographic distributions of the two groups were separated with a boundary between two rivers on the northwest coast of Kyushu Island. These results indicate that P. inopinus in Japan is a species complex and specimens from the Japan Sea and Pacific coasts belong to different species.
Towards implementing CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) at CBS (Tunja, Colombia)

Lately, the use of CLIL in classrooms has been expanding due to the interest in educating bilingual children. In Colombia, this approach is becoming known and is being applied in many schools, mainly bilingual. This article presents a case study research that sought to investigate how CLIL is applied at Country Bilingual School to contribute to the bilingual education offered to these students. The study was supported by the latest theoretical constructs about CLIL from representative authors such as Coyle, Hood and Marsh (2010), among others. The data consisted of six videotaped classes from fifth grade, a class observation form, a students’ questionnaire, an informal interview, a teacher’s journal and other documents, such as the Teacher’s lesson plans. The results were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using Seliger and Shohamy (1990) techniques. The study revealed that, although the observed classes meet most of the standards of a good class in terms of language teaching methodology, there are many aspects that need to be considered and applied in order to use CLIL effectively.
On the computation of torus link homology

We introduce a new method for computing triply graded link homology, which is particularly well adapted to torus links. Our main application is to the $(n,n)$ -torus links, for which we give an exact answer for all $n$ . In several cases, our computations verify conjectures of Gorsky et al. relating homology of torus links with Hilbert schemes.
THE McDONALD OBSERVATORY PLANET SEARCH: NEW LONG-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS AND TWO INTERACTING JUPITERS IN THE HD 155358 SYSTEM

We present high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations of four solar-type (F7–G5) stars—HD 79498, HD 155358, HD 197037, and HD 220773—taken as part of the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program. For each of these stars, we see evidence of Keplerian motion caused by the presence of one or more gas giant planets in long-period orbits. We derive orbital parameters for each system and note the properties (composition, activity, etc.) of the host stars. While we have previously announced the two-gas-giant HD 155358 system, we now report a shorter period for planet c. This new period is consistent with the planets being trapped in mutual 2:1 mean-motion resonance. We therefore perform an in-depth stability analysis, placing additional constraints on the orbital parameters of the planets. These results demonstrate the excellent long-term RV stability of the spectrometers on both the Harlan J. Smith 2.7 m telescope and the Hobby-Eberly telescope.
the Suboxic Zone of the Black Sea Species and δ 15 N Signatures of nitrogen TRANSFORMATIONS

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for living systems in the ocean; it is a component of proteins, chlorophyll, and nucleic acids. In the oceans, nitrogen exists as a dissolved gas (N2), dissolved organic matter, or as the dissolved inorganic ions nitrate (NO3 ), nitrite (NO2 ), and ammonium (NH4 ). Nitrogen has a relatively short lifetime in the ocean and we are still striving to understand its sources and sinks. Transformations under oxygen-limited conditions are some of its main sinks. The Black Sea is an ideal location to study nitrogen reactions that occur under low-oxygen conditions because it has a well-defi ned low-oxygen, or suboxic, zone at the boundary between its oxic surface layer and sulfi dic (anoxic) deep water. The distributions of nitrate and ammonium in the suboxic zone suggest that a form of chemodenitrifi cation called anaerobic ammonium oxidation, or the anammox reaction (NO2 + NH4 +