Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived Health and Well-Being in a Group of Physically Active Older Swedish People

Health promotion among older people may be considered as prevention of avoidable decline, fragility, and dependence. Risk factors that increase an individuals' level of fragility are chronic diseases, acute or subacute events, and inactivity. Benefits of physical activity among older people have been reported, and fitness training may be regarded as an important strategy for promoting health among the aged. The aim of this study was to investigate if physical activity, life situation, sense of coherence, and self-care may be associated with perceived health and well-being in a group of physically active older Swedish people. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire that was filled out by 146 conveniently chosen physically active older individuals in eastern Sweden. Statistical methods used were Student's t-test for independent samples, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Pearson's correlation test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results showed that chronic disease/handicap and sense of coherence were significant determinants for perceived health in the study group. For well-being was sense of coherence the only significant determinant. Health promotion among older people should primarily focus on the individuals' resources to cope with life situation and events in daily life. Supportive actions related to disease, changes in life situation and daily life should also be important to emphasise in health promotion and health care for older people.
The mechanics of urine transport in the upper urinary tract: 2. The discharge of the bolus into the bladder and dynamics at high rates of flow

On the basis of simple theoretical arguments and experimental results, it is shown that the discharge of the bolus into the bladder is determined by the resistance to flow of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ), which itself depends on the detrusor pressure. If the resistance to flow or the detrusor pressure are too high, or if the ureter is too wide or too weakly contracting, then the UVJ behaves as if obstructive, and bolus flow breaks down. At sufficiently high flow rates the UVJ, even though not obstructive, always governs the flow dynamics, open‐tube flow occurring instead of the isolated bolus flow characteristic of low flow rates. At intermediate rates two other flow regimes can occur: touching or box‐shaped boluses, and leaky bolus flow. In each regime the pelvic pressure varies with mean urine flow rate in a characteristic way.
Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital.

BACKGROUND Violence against nurses is a major challenge for healthcare administrators. It is gaining more attention because it has a negative impact on nurses, the quality of health care and health organization. Common types of violence include physical harassment, sexual abuse, aggression, mobbing and bullying. Patients, their relatives and co-workers are considered the main perpetrators. AIM To determine the prevalence rate of workplace violence against nursing professionals in a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, most frequent type and perpetrators as well as the contributing factors. METHODS This quantitative cross-sectional study adapted a survey questionnaire from the Massachusetts Nurses Association Survey on Workplace Violence/Abuse to collect data from a quota sample of 370 nursing personnel. RESULTS Almost half of the participants had experienced violence in the professional setting during the 12 months prior to the study. The majority of subjects perceived workplace violence as verbal abuse. Nearly all nursing professionals identified patients as the leading cause. Slightly more than half mentioned understaffing, misunderstandings, long waits for service and lack of staff training and policies for preventing crisis as contributing factors. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY The prevalence rate is extremely high among nurses in the targeted Saudi university hospital. Saudi health as well as university hospitals' administration and policy makers should adopt and introduce a 'zero tolerance policy', set standards and develop practical measures for preventing the incidence and for controlling the prevalence of violence against nurses. Besides, healthcare organizations, particularly hospitals, can fulfil their obligations to provide both staff and patients with more secure environment. Further research on the topic is needed.
Nitrogen Cycling in Sediments

Fixed nitrogen makes up less than 0.1 percent of the nitrogen in the biosphere, and is often a limiting nutrient for algae that require nitrogen in fixed, or combined, form, typically as ammonium, nitrate, or some nitrogen-containing organic compounds (Falkowski et al. 1998; Capone 2000). The largest pool of nitrogen on Earth is ammonium bound in rocks and sediments (1.8 10 g), while atmospheric N2 accounts for 0.39 10 g. Fixed nitrogen in the oceans amounts to less than 0.01 percent of the atmospheric pool, split between inorganic forms (5.7 10 g), living biomass (0.005 10 g) and nitrogen in organic detritus (5.3 10 g) (Delwiche 1970; Söderlund and Roswall 1982). The small size of the fixed nitrogen pool may seem surprising considering that nitrogen fixation (N2! NH4), a process that is quite widespread in the prokaryotic domains, is believed to have been active through most of Earth’s history (Falkowski 1997), and that nitrate is the thermodynamically stable form of nitrogen under oxic conditions. The reason is that two other microbial processes return the fixed nitrogen to the N2 pool: denitrification, a respiratory reduction of nitrate or nitrite, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation
Compassionate behaviours of clinical nurses in Iran: an ethnographic study.

AIM The aim of this research was to explore compassionate behaviour in Iranian nurses. BACKGROUND Nurses provide high-quality care with compassion. It is useful to improve relationships between nurses and patients to give them more confidence in the care process. It is important to consider how compassion is demonstrated by nurses and to explore different compassionate behaviours in different cultures. METHODS This ethnographic study was conducted with 20 nurses and 12 patients in six medical and four surgical wards in Iran in 2014-2015. Data were collected through fieldwork observations and semi-structured deep interviews and field notes. We analysed data using constant comparison based on Strauss and Corbin method. RESULTS Results of the present study showed four cultural themes; love expression and compassion in the form of non-verbal emotional behaviours, empathy with others, emotional supports of patients at bedside and non-caring behaviours. CONCLUSION The findings of this study described compassionate behaviours in nurses. Compassionate behaviours of nurses are closely related to the culture issues. These are formed by communication between nurses and patients, and nurses and patients' families during nursing care. Thus improving compassionate behaviours is highly significant in nursing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND/HEALTH POLICY Nurses, instructors and policy-makers can use the results of this study. They should consider compassionate care as an important component of patient-centred care. Compassion should be considered in nursing and practical educational programmes. To develop the compassionate care, it is vital to make changes in the dominant philosophy and culture of caring environments. Nurses should receive appropriate training with focus on holistic and patient-centred approaches.
Hiring preferences of employers of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians in Texas.

This study examined the signaling strength, or marketing power, of the most common qualifications of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians (BMETs) in Texas, based on stated hiring preferences of BMET managers, using order ranking of fictitious resumes. This study also sought to determine whether certification status, education background, military training background as a BMET, or type of employer [hospital or ISO] of the hiring manager had an effect on hiring preference for applicant qualifications of associate degree, military training as a BMET, or certified biomedical equipment technician (CBET) certification candidacy. Participants were asked to rank 16 fictitious resumes representing the most common qualifications of entry-level BMETs and to fill out a background questionnaire regarding their education, military, certification, and employer. The number of times each resume ranked in first place was tabulated and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Resumes with qualifications of associate degree versus military training as a BMET were compared at three levels of work experience. A chi-square test for independence was conducted for the comparisons to determine whether work experience influenced preference. Chi-square tests were also conducted for comparisons of associate degree with candidacy for CBET certification versus associate degree and military training with CBET candidacy versus military training. No statistically significant results were found for the chi-square tests, indicating that work experience did not significantly influence participant preferences for the compared qualifications. BMET hiring managers indicated a preference for combinations of qualifications rather than any single qualification. Correlations in hiring managers' educational background, certification status, military training as a BMET, type of employer, and preference for applicant qualifications were examined. Statistically significant correlations were found between participants' preference for associate degree or military training and level of education, military training background, and type of employer. Statistically significant correlations were also found between participants' preference of military training with CBET candidacy over military training alone and military training as a BMET background as well as certification background.
Severe Malaria in Neonates Masquerading as Septicaemia

Background: Malaria was once thought to be rare in the neonatal period, especially in neonates of semi-immune mothers in holoendemic areas. As a result, ill neonates admitted to newborn special care units are often presumed to have neonatal sepsis. Consequently, blood films for malaria parasites are not routinely included in the sepsis screening protocol for such neonates. Objective: To highlight the manifestations of, and the significant morbidity associated with malaria in the newborn. Patients and Methods: In a prospective study, all consecutive term neonates admitted for presumed sepsis during a five-month rainy season period (April to August 2002) to the Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki period were investigated for septicaemia and malaria. Septicaemia was diagnosed by positive blood culture, while malaria parasitaemia was diagnosed on Giemsa stained blood smears. Results: Eighty four neonates were screened for sepsis and malaria parasitaemia during the study period. Out of this number, 28 (33.3 percent) had positive blood smears for malaria parasites alone, 10 (11.9 percent) had septicaemia alone, while four neonates (4.8 percent) had both malaria and septicaemia. Plasmodium falciparum was found in all positive blood smears. Twenty-four (75.0 percent) of the 32 neonates with positive malaria parasitaemia had congenital malaria, while the remaining eight (25 percent) most probably had acquired malaria. None of the neonates had transfusional malaria. Parasite densities were uniformly low. Infected neonates weighed 230g less than the non-infected (p Conclusions: These data show that malaria can cause significant morbidity and even mortality in neonates, with its clinical signs being similar to that of neonatal sepsis. A high index of suspicion is therefore, required for the diagnosis which should be considered as a possibility in critically ill neonates in malarious areas, despite regular maternal anti-malarial prophylaxis with pyrimethamine. Initial work-up for presumed neonatal sepsis in such areas should routinely include blood film for malaria parasites. Key words: malaria, newborn, septicaemia Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics Vol.31(2) 2004: 48-55
Turning the tide for gas permeable contact lenses

Gas permeable (GP) lens materials and design technology have advanced in recent years and GP lenses are recognised as providing the wearer with a reduced risk of serious sight-threatening complications, better vision and better long-term comfort. Yet despite these advantages, GP lens prescribing in the UK remains in decline. This thesis investigates how the decline might be addressed by studying the influence of prescribing habits, fitting strategies and lens surface treatments. Initially a questionnaire was designed to investigate practitioner attitudes and behaviour toward GP lenses, and to ascertain whether eye care practitioner (ECP) reservations were responsible for prescribing decline. This survey found that, despite ECP awareness of the advantages of GP lenses, the challenges of reduced initial comfort and increased time required in fitting, results in significant negative practitioner attitudes. In an effort to address the reservations discovered, an investigation of topical anaesthetic (TA) instillation prior to GP fitting was performed in a large case-control study. The results demonstrated that this practice has no negative clinical impact on the ocular surface, marginally improves patient comfort at fitting, and significantly reduces patient anxiety prior to successive GP lens insertion. The remainder of this thesis presents the results from a longitudinal study where groups of neophyte and soft lens wearers were fitted with GP lenses for three months with and without plasma surface treatment (PST). Subjects were monitored and lenses harvested for surface analysis using atomic force microscopy. Examination of GP lenses demonstrated that PST produces smoother surface topographies, prior to and following wear, but this difference reduces after three months wear. Subjects previously wearing soft lenses report lower levels of comfort than neophytes, and PST does not seem to enhance the experience for either group in this cohort. In summary, this thesis presents important findings about the influence of initial comfort on patient anxiety and practitioner attitudes towards GP lens fitting, and gives important insights into the impact of plasma treatment on comfort and performance over the first three months of lens wear.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF SOLUTE CARRIER DRUG TRANSPORTERS IN THE SYSTEMIC DISPOSITION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES: AN IN VITRO - IN VIVO COMPARISON

XIII CHAPTER 1 . 1 ROLE OF RENAL SECRETORY AND REABSORPTIVE DRUG TRANSPORTERS IN SYSTEMIC DISPOSITION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES . 1 1. A. INTRODUCTION . 1 1. B. ACTIVE TRANSPORT AND FLUOROQUINOLONE DISPOSITION . 4 1. C. EARLY IN VIVO AND IN VITRO DISPOSITION STUDIES INDICATING TRANSPORTER-MEDIATED FLUX OF FLUOROQUINOLONES . 5 1. D. ATP BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) TRANSPORTERS AND DISPOSITION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES . 7 1. E. SOLUTE CARRIERS AND DISPOSITION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES: . 9 1.E.
Relational aggression and victimization in gay male relationships: the role of internalized homophobia.

This article presents two studies that are the first to examine relational aggression and relational victimization in gay male peer relationships. A qualitative pilot study provides a strong rationale for a subsequent empirical investigation of 100 young adult, self-identified gay males. Results of both studies demonstrate that relational aggression and relational victimization are common experiences in gay male relationships. They also reveal forms of relational aggression and victimization that appear to be unique to gay males (e.g., outing). Results of the empirical study found significant relations between engaging in relational aggression against gay males and experiencing relational victimization and between experiencing relational victimization and internalized homophobia. However, there was no significant correlation between internalized homophobia and engaging in relational aggression. A multiple regression analysis found that experiencing relational victimization was correlated more strongly with the combination of engaging in relational aggression and internalized homophobia together than with relational aggression alone. Results are discussed within the framework of Allport's "traits due to victimization" theory and Meyer's theory of "minority stress. " Implications for the prevention of relational aggression/victimization in gay male relationships are offered.
Prevalence of Hypertension in an Urban Population in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Background : Hypertension is a major public health problem globally because of its high prevalence, complications and co-morbid conditions associated with it. In Nigeria as in other parts of Africa, the prevalence of hypertension has been on the increase in recent times. However, studies in the south – south zone of Nigeria are relatively rare to our knowledge. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and also to determine factors associated with hypertension in an urban civil service population in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methods: Civil servants in the Bayelsa State Secretariat were the target population. Demographic data were obtained with interviewer- administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken. Laboratory investigations done included urinalysis, random blood glucose, serum creatinine and serum urea assays. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 27.8%. Obesity was found in 22.0% of participants. Age, body mass index and blood glucose were positively associated with blood pressure. Pulse pressure elevation was found in 46.7% of the participants. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in the study was high but consistent with published data in other parts of Nigeria and across the globe. It was more common among Civil servants who were elderly and obese. Blood glucose was positively associated with blood pressure. Elevation of pulse pressure was also common especially among the older and obese individuals.
Survey of local authority music services 2005

In 2001, the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) published the White Paper 'Schools: achieving success' within which the Government pledged to ensure thatover time, evey primary school child who wanted to would have the opportunity to learn to play a musical instrument. To deliver this commitment robust, current, data base was required which could be used to provide a baseline for wider opportunities in primary music, prepare the way for changes in Music Standards Fund allocations, enable national benchmarks to be established and complement the Music Services' Guidance as a tool for self-evaluation, development and target-setting.
Assessment of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 as a predictor of early childhood caries.

BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease resulting mainly from a time-specific interaction of micro-organisms with sugars on a tooth surface. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of dietary intake, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) to ECC. DESIGN Cross-sectional analytical study. METHODS Sixty preschool children were equally divided into three groups according to their caries experience [Group 1: caries-free children, group 2: children with ECC, group 3: children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC)]. The decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated), missing (due to caries) and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) score was determined through visual dental examination for each child. Questionnaires were collected recording the demographic characteristics of the families as well as 24-h food recall forms capturing the dietary intake of the children during the previous day. Accordingly, the HEI-2005 score was calculated for each child. RESULTS The caries experience of the children in this study was significantly associated with their age. Caries-free children showed significantly higher 'Whole fruit', 'Milk', 'Sodium' and total HEI-2005 scores. CONCLUSIONS The study findings illustrate the prominent protective role played by healthful dietary practices against dental caries in preschool children.
Changes in preschool children's OHRQoL after treatment of dental caries: responsiveness of the B-ECOHIS.

BACKGROUND Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures should be tested for responsiveness to change if they are to be used as outcomes in randomized clinical trials. AIM To assess the responsiveness of the Brazilian ECOHIS (B-ECOHIS) to dental treatment of dental caries. METHODS One hundred parents of 3- to 5-year-old children completed the B-ECOHIS prior to their children's treatment and 7-14 days after completion of treatment. The post-treatment questionnaire also included a global transition judgment that assessed parent's perceptions of change in their children's oral health following treatment. Change scores, longitudinal construct validity, standardized effect sizes (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) were calculated. RESULTS Improvements in children's oral health after treatment were reflected in mean pre- and post-treatment B-ECOHIS scores. They declined considerably significantly from 17.4 to 1.6 (P < 0.0001), as did the individual domain scores (P < 0.0001). There were significant differences in the pre- and post-treatment scores of children who reported little improvement (P < 0.0001) as well as in those who reported large improvements (P < 0.0001). The ES and SRM based on change scores mean for total scores and for categories of global transitions judgments were large. CONCLUSIONS Dental treatment resulted in significant improvement of the preschool children's OHRQoL. The B-ECOHIS is responsive.
The development of the Social Bullying Involvement Scales.

This study reports findings of a newly developed measure of social bullying based on Underwood's [2003] framework of social aggression. The Social Bullying Involvement Scales (SBIS) consist of four scales measuring the extent to which children experience social victimization, engage in social bullying, witness social bullying, and intervene in social bullying. The sample consisted of 636 participants (311 females and 325 males, age range 11-16 years; 71% White). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a revised version of Underwood's framework for each of the four participant role scales. Internal consistencies for each scale ranged from . 93 to . 97. Results revealed that social victimization was related to an increase in anxiety, depressive, and externalizing behaviors. Social bullying was associated with an increase in general externalizing behaviors only. Social witnessing was moderately correlated with depression scores. Intervening in social bullying was not linked with psychological maladjustment or externalizing behaviors. The SBIS provides a comprehensive measure of social victimization, social bullying, social witnessing, and social intervening.