Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Folksonomy, The Power Law & the Significance of the Least Effort

The essence of folksonomies is user-created descriptive metadata as opposed to the traditional sender-determined descriptive metadata in taxonomies and faceted classification. We briefly introduce the beginning and principles of folksonomy and discuss the categorizing concept of folksonomies on the basis of the computer program delicious. The selection of the metadata tagged is not accidental, rather tagging follows a pattern that proves to be the pattern for the classic power law, which, in many complex systems is seen to unfold as an imitation-dynamic that creates an asymmetry, where a few descriptive metadata are often reproduced and the majority seldom reproduced. In del.icio. us, it is the very broadband basic subject headings that are often reproduced and achieve power in the system - which in cognitive psychology is called cognitive basic categories - while the small, more specific subject headings are seldom reproduced. The law of power's underlying imitation-dynamic in del.icio. us is explained from the perspective of different theoretical paradigms, i.e. network, economy and cognition. The theorectical and speculative conclusion is that the law of power and asymmetry is biased by a cognitive economizing through a simplification principle in the users' construction of descriptive metadata. Free tagging in folksonomies is comparable to empirical experiments in free categorization. Users often choose broad basic categories, because that requires the least cognitive effort. The consequences are that folksonomy is not necessarily a better, more realistic and cheaper method of creating metadata than that which can be generated through taxonomies, faceted classification or search algorithms. Folksonomy as a self-organizing system likely cannot create better and cheaper descriptive metadata.
Lifecycle Impacts of Structural Frame Materials for Multi-storey Building Systems

In this study the lifecycle primary energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) implications of multi-storeybuilding versions with different structural frame materials as well as construction systems are analysedconsidering flows from the production, operation and end-of-life phases and the full natural resourceschains. The analysed building versions include conventional and modern construction systems withlight-frame timber, reinforced concrete-frame, massive timber frame, beam-and-column timber frameor modular timber frame structural systems and are designed to the energy efficiency level of thepassive house criteria. The results show that the lifecycle primary energy use and GHG emissions forthe reinforced concrete building system are higher than those for the timber-based building systems,due primarily to the lower production primary energy use and GHG emissions as well as greater amountof biomass residues when using wood-based materials. The operation primary energy use and GHGemission for the buildings are lower when heated with cogenerated district heating compared to whenheated with electric-based heat pump, showing the significance of heat supply choice. The findingsemphasize the importance of structural frame material choice and system-wide lifecycle perspective inreducing primary energy use and GHG emissions in the built environment.
SOIL STABILIZATION WITH GEOPOLYMERS FOR LOW COST AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION

In this paper, a geopolymer synthetized from olivine and an alkaline solution made from sodium hydroxide which incorporates the carbonation process was utilized to stabilize silty clay soil, in order to improve its expediency for different cases of construction. The effect of alkaline molarity, for alkali activation and carbonation processes, on the Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) of the soil-olivine mixture is important in enhancing the treated soil properties. In this study, the use of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 molars of NaOH affected the UCS and toughness of the soil mixture. The highest strengths were obtained at 8 and 10 molarities for the carbonated alkali activation process, and 10 and 12 molarities for the alkali activation process only. Micro structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests show the benefits of carbonation in terms of decreasing the molarity of alkaline agent. This was due to the crystallization processes which accounts for strength gain after carbonation. This paper highlights a more environmentally friendly procedure of stabilizing soils compared with the traditional binders such as cement and lime.
Women’s Response Methods to the Consequences of Climate Change – A Survey Study in Dubti, Afar, Ethiopia

The majority Ethiopian women are largely engaged in the agricultural sector, which is highly vulnerable to climate changes. This study, aims at analyzing the determinants of women’s response measures of climate change in the Dubti Woreda. This article designed as a cross-sectional research design and employed qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data was obtained from primary and secondary sources. Moreover, both the probability and non probability sampling techniques were employed. Accordingly, this article found that five major response mechanism to the consequence of climate change. The result from the binary logistic model reveals that age, access to training, farming experience, access to credit service, radio and mobile services determines women’s response methods to the consequence of climate changes. Finally, the article recommends for greater investment in women education and training to address the above mentioned challenges. Keywords: Climate change, Response Strategy, Binary Logistic Regression Model. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/47-03 Publication date : April 30 th 2019
Effects of Wave Orbital Velocity Parameterization on 
Nearshore Sediment Transport and Decadal 
Morphodynamics

Nearshore morphological modelling is challenging due to complex feedback betweenhydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphology bridging scales from seconds to years.Such modelling is, however, needed to assess long-term effects of changing climates on coastalenvironments, for example. Due to computational efficiency, the sediment transport driven bycurrents and waves often requires a parameterization of wave orbital velocities. A frequently usedparameterization of skewness-only was found to overfeed the coast unrealistically on a timescale ofyears—decades. To improve this, we implemented a recently developed parameterization accountingfor skewness and asymmetry in a morphodynamic model (Delft3D). The objective was to compare theeffects of parameterizations on long-term coastal morphodynamics. We performed simulations withdefault and calibrated sediment transport settings, for idealized coastlines, and compared the resultswith measured data from analogue natural systems. The skewness-asymmetry parameterization wasfound to predict overall stable coastlines within the measured envelope with wave-related calibrationfactors within a factor of 2. In contrast, the original parameterization required stronger calibration,which further affected the alongshore transport rates, and yet predicted erosion in deeper areas andunrealistic accretion near the shoreline. The skewness-asymmetry parameterization opens up thepossibility of more realistic long-term morphological modelling of complex coastal systems.
Determination of Specific Anatomic Locations by SIFT Algorithm for Locating Cephalometric Points with the Use of an Automatic Technique

Background: Lateralcephalometryisveryimportantfortheevaluationof growth,diagnosis,treatmentplanningandtherapeutic evaluations. Considering the advantages of lateral cephalometric analyses with the automatic technique and given the existing problems, the present study was undertaken to use a new automatic technique for determination of cephalometric landmarks. Aim: Theaimof thepresentstudywastodeterminethespeciﬁcanatomicareabySIFTalgorithmforlocatingcephalometricpoints using an automatic technique. Methods: In this study, 110 digital lateral cephalograms were randomly selected and pre-processing was carried out on the images. Threeorthodonticsusedthesecephalogramstomanuallyselect11cephalometriclandmarks(pointA,pointB,PNS,ANS,Po,Or,N,Ar, Me,GnandPog)onasoftwareprogramwhichhadbeendesignedtothisend. Thecoordinatesof theselectedpointsweresavedinthe databaseforthecorrespondingprocessof theimages. Aftercompletingthesoftwareprogramwiththesedata,30newradiographs weresubmittedtothesoftwareprogramforanatomicdeterminationofthepoints. SIFTalgorithmwasusedinthesoftwareprogram for the anatomic identiﬁcation of the landmarks. To make a comparison, these 30 cephalograms were manually analyzed by three orthodontists in order to evaluate the accuracy of the software program at various points. Paired t-teat was used to compare the manual and computerized techniques. Statistical signiﬁcance was set at P<0.05. Results: Based on the results, the diﬀerences between the manual and automatic methods in determining cephalometric landmarks were < 1 mm in 46% of cases, < 1.5 mm in 82% of cases and < 2 mm in 100% of cases. In addition, there were no signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the two method except for points Or, Po and PNS (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that the designed algorithm had good performance for easy and relatively diﬃcult points. In rela-tion to very diﬃcult points, too, it exhibited rather acceptable performance and located the points better than other algorithms.
Web Design Trends in Academic Libraries—A Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT This study examines several key design elements of 37 academic library Web sites (members of the Association of Southeastern Research Libraries) and how they have changed between 2012 and 2015. While several studies have reviewed library Web sites looking for common design elements and content, the present work may be the first to look at the design elements of a large group of library Web sites over time. This study has two main goals: to present an objective analysis of the navigation and search interface designs at research university library Web sites, and to assess the usage of Web-scale discovery systems and content management systems in libraries. Other areas explored include when sites were most recently redesigned and whether sites have adopted a mobile-friendly, responsive design. Notable findings include a very high usage of Web-scale discovery systems, an increasing adoption of open source content management systems, and increasing implementation of responsive design. Also noted was a strong and growing standardization in navigation design. This study concludes with a review of the trends and discussion of current design patterns in academic library Web sites.
Groundwater Aquifer Suitability for Irrigation Purposes Using Multi-Criteria Decision Approach in Salah Al-Din Governorate/Iraq

In this study, GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Approach (MCDA) is used to identify suitable locations to use groundwater for irrigation purposes in Salah-Al-Din Governorate, 180 km to the North of Baghdad, capital of Iraq republic. Various criteria are adopted including Electrical Conductivity (EC), Power of Hydrogen (pH), Sodium percentage (Na%), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Kelly’s Ratio (KR), climate factor, aquifer thickness, and aquifer elevation. Three datasets are integrated to produce the suitability model, including geophysical data, groundwater wells data and satellite-based climate data. The criteria layers are assessed using the multi-criteria decision approach by combining them together using the weighted overlay function in ArcGIS 10.5. Appropriate weights assigned and integrated into GIS to create the groundwater suitability map for irrigation. Finally, the suitability of the study area for irrigation purposes with its percent to the total area is classified into three classes according to the set criteria used for this purpose: high suitability (35.41%), low suitability (44.22%), and unsuitable/excluded (20.37%).
Slaughter yield and quality of meat from wild turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo Silvestris Vieillot) reared in hunting reserve in South Bulgaria

A total of 6 wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot (3 males, 3 females) at 16 weeks of age were investigated after the species has been imported from Canada in the Hunting reserve of Trankovo, Stara Zagora region. The birds were reared in aviaries and occasionally, let free for hunting tourism. The birds were reared according to conditions adopted in the reserve, fed standard compound feeds according to their category. After 12-hour feed withdrawal, the birds were stunned and slaughtered. The slaughter analysis and meat chemical analysis were conducted at the Meat and meat products unit, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University – Stara Zagora. After 24-hour cooling storage at 0-4 oС the carcasses (without the neck and edible offal) were cut up in commercial parts. Twelve slaughter parameters were determined after evisceration and weighing of internal organs: liver, gizzard, proventriculus, heart, intestines (g). They were used for calculation of slaughter yield. Samples of breast and thigh muscles were collected 24 hours after slaughter and prepared for determination of water, proteins, fat and ash content. Fatty acid composition of triglycerides red and white meat was determined. Triglyceride quantity and quality were assayed by gas chromatography with metal column with Supelcoport 100/200 mesh as stationary phase. The amino acid content was determined by ion-exchange column chromatography. Water holding capacity (WHC, %) was determined on the 24 th h post slaughter on samples from m. Pectoralis superficialis, m. Pectoralis profundus and m. Femorotibialis. The slaughter analysis showed higher body weight and higher carcass weight in male birds, although the slaughter yield of female was higher than that in males turkeys 67.13% and 66.87% respectively (p>0.05). The differences in protein and fat content of breast and thigh meat in both turkey genders were not significant. The content of the essential amino acid methionine in the breast meat of wild turkeys was 2.61g in males and 2.50g in females. Lysine concentrations ranged between 9.58% and 9.69%. The eicosatrienoic omega-3 fatty acids was found only in the meat of male turkeys. Breast meat of female birds did not contain eicosatrienoic and arachidonic fatty acids. There were no differences in the content of macrominerals and trace elements in the meat of both genders wild turkeys.
Glacio‐eustasy and δ13C across the Mississippian–Pennsylvanian boundary in the eastern Paleo‐Tethys Ocean (South China): Implications for mid‐Carboniferous major glaciation

A positive carbonate δ13C excursion (by ~1.5–3.0‰) has been reported across the Mississippian–Pennsylvanian boundary (MPB) from Euramerican epicontinental seas, implying a coeval atmospheric pCO2 decrease and Gondwanan glaciation at that time. This excursion was mainly observed in carbonate platforms which experienced repeated subaerial exposure. The South China Block was located in the middle of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean and the Panthalassic Ocean during the Carboniferous and contains well‐preserved carbonate slope strata across the MPB. Four lithofacies were defined in the studied Naqing, Narao, and Dianzishang sections, including thin‐bedded lime mudstones, laminated wackestones to packstones, normally‐graded packstones, and slumped limestones. Immediately above the MPB, a bed of normally‐graded packstones or slump masses occurs in the studied sections, which together with coeval subaerial‐exposure features in shallow‐water carbonate platform of South China, suggests a significant sea‐level fall across the MPB. Carbonate δ13C records show a consistent value of ~3.0‰ below the MPB in the Naqing and Narao sections, and both sections show an obvious rise in δ13C across the MPB (by ~0.5–1.0‰). The relatively small‐magnitude rise in δ13C would have resulted from well‐mixed seawater induced by intensified upwelling in the eastern Paleo‐Tethys Ocean during the glacial peak. Hence, the carbonate δ13C values recorded in the South China Block may represent a mean δ13C of the dissolved inorganic carbon in global ocean water at that time. Correlation between carbonate δ13C and previously published conodont δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr records suggests that the MPB glaciation was mainly driven by enhanced continental weathering, rather than increased organic carbon burial, although further quantitative simulation is required to better understand the interlinked processes during the Earth's penultimate icehouse.
Feature and classifier development for human detection

Computer vision has been gaining increasing popularity in this age of automation and advancing technology. The desire to automate a number of labour-intensive tasks and reduce dependence on humans has contributed to this. In particular, human detection has been looked into quite thoroughly in the recent years. Human detection is important in areas of surveillance, pedestrian detection, human-computer interaction etc where humans need to be detected very accurately. With accurate detection, postprocessing of human actions can then be done effectively. For accurate detection, it is necessary that the features and classification framework adopted are robust and effective. In this thesis, we propose several features for human detection that make use of gradient and/or texture information present in still images for representation and a non-linear classification framework for human detection. We present comprehensive results to validate our proposed features and classification framework. We first investigate the limitations of Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Histogram of Gradients which are popular features used in human detection. Histogram of Gradients distinguishes a dark human from a bright background and vice versa. This increases the intra-class variations of humans. For the purpose of detection, this variation is insignificant and undesirable. Histogram of Oriented Gradients solves this issue of Histogram of Gradients by considering unsigned gradients which treats all
Planning, Designing and Developing of Digital Libraries and Digital Preservation

Digital libraries represent the meeting point of many disciplines and fields, including data management, information systems, information retrieval, library sciences, document management, the web, image processing, artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. Due to these technological invasions majority of libraries are getting converted into digital libraries which provide suitable help to fulfill their users’ basic objectives of providing relevant information. This is so because globalization of information is taking place and territorial boundaries are becoming meaningless due to developments in information and communication technology (ICT) and traditional constraints of time and space are disappearing. Digital library is the electronic library in which the access, storage and dissemination of information is in the digitalized form. It is an attempt to touch base with all the areas relating to use of digital library and digital preservation in libraries in simple language. This paper briefly describes the planning, designing, development, guidelines for designing, characteristics, achieves, services, resources, maintenance, responsibility, role of librarian, strategies, definition, need, purpose , function, digitization in libraries, Standards, policy, Softwares available, LSDI, advantages, disadvantages, etc.
Research of Subjective Trust Management Model Based on the Fuzzy Set Theory

Trust management model is fundamental for information security in open networks. The fuzzy nature of subjective trust is considered, and the fuzzy set theory has been used to model the issues of trust management. The formalized valuation of subjective trust is given, the definition of trust class and the evaluation of trust are discussed, derivation rules of trust relationships are presented and a subjective trust management model is provided. The formal model proposed in this paper provides a new valuable way for studying trust management in open networks.
Measurement of branching fraction and final-state asymmetry for the 
B¯0→KS0K∓π±
 decay

We report a measurement of the branching fraction and final-state asymmetry for the $\bar{B}^{0}\to K^{0}_{S}K^{\mp}\pi^{\pm}$ decays. The analysis is based on a data sample of 711 $\rm{fb}^{-1}$ collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. We obtain a branching fraction of $(3.60\pm0.33\pm0.15)\times10^{-6}$ and a final-state asymmetry of $(-8.5\pm8.9\pm0.2)\%$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Hints of peaking structures are seen in the differential branching fractions measured as functions of Dalitz variables.
Pressure Gradient and Leading-Edge Effects on the Corner Bounday Layer

Results are presented of velocity and pressure measurements made in the initially laminar boundary layer in a streamwise corner formed by two flat plates at 90° to each other set at various incidences. The leading edges of the plates were sharp in contrast to earlier tests with an aerofoil type leading edge. It was found impossible to obtain a steady enough flow for useful measurements to be made at zero incidence and pressure gradient, a small incidence associated with a favourable pressure gradient was necessary. This is believed to be because of the development of separation bubbles at the sharp leading edge at very small incidences due to small variations of flow direction to be expected in a wind tunnel. The profiled nose used in earlier tests afforded flow conditions much closer to the ideal theoretical model involving zero pressure gradient, but it is argued that any nose however shaped may introduce disturbances in the form of characteristic secondary flows that may well determine the downstream response of the boundary layer. In any case the corner flow is highly unstable at all but very low Reynolds numbers, and in the absence of a region of favourable pressure gradient a Reynolds number in terms of distance downstream of the leading edge greater than about 10 5 is unlikely to be attained in practice with the flow remaining smooth and laminar.
Size matters: tight and loose context definitions in English word space models

Word Space Models use distributional similarity between two words as a measure of their semantic similarity or relatedness. This distributional similarity, however, is influenced by the type of context the models take into account. Context definitions range on a continuum from tight to loose, depending on the size of the context window around the target or the order of the context words that are considered. This paper investigates whether two general ways of loosening the context definition — by extending the context size from one to ten words, and by taking into account secondorder context words — produce equivalent results. In particular, we will evaluate the performance of the models in terms of their ability (1) to discover semantic word classes and (2) to mirror human associations.
The social networking application success model : An Empirical Study of Facebook and Twitter

Social networking applications (SNAs) are among the fastest growing web applications of recent years. In this paper, we propose a causal model to assess the success of SNAs, grounded on DeLone and McLean’s updated information systems (IS) success model. In addition to their original three dimensions of quality, i.e., system quality, information quality and service quality, we propose that a fourth dimension - networking quality - contributes to SNA success. We empirically examined the proposed research model with a survey of 168 Facebook and 149 Twitter users. The data validates the significant role of networking quality in determining the focal SNA’s success. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.