Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT OF PICTURE RECALL BY REPETITION IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE

The evidence for positive effects of repetition on recall performance in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type is equivocal. This may be due to the difference repetition conditions used. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of different repetition modes on the improvement of recall performance in demented subjects. Twenty‐four patients with Alzheimer type dementia and 24 control subjects with remitted depression were included in the study. Pictures were presented repeatedly using different presentation modes at a constant total presentation time. Free recall was tested repeatedly after different periods of delay (0–8 hours). Immediate and delayed list repetition significantly improved recall performance in both groups. Within‐list repetition did not improve total recall in demented subjects. The repeated measurement design sensitively detected minor changes in recall performance. These were not observed using other measures of recall and recognition (hits, false alarms, indices of signal discrimination). © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the inflation of the lod score due to its maximization over model parameter values in human linkage analysis

A computer‐simulation method is presented for determining and correcting for the effect of maximizing the lod score over disease definitions, penetrance values, and perhaps other model parameters. The method consists of simulating the complete analysis using marker genotypes randomly generated under the assumption of free recombination. It is applicable as a “post‐treatment” to linkage analyses of any trait with an uncertain mode of inheritance and/or disease definition. When the method is applied to a linkage analysis of schizophrenia versus chromosome 5 markers, we find that, in this specific case, the P‐value associated with a maximum lod score of 3 is equal to 0.0003. We also find that a lod score of 3.0 should be “deflated” by approximately 0.3 to 1 units, and, by tentative extrapolation, the observed lod score of 6.5 should be “deflated” by 0.7 to 1.5 units.
The novel contiguous gene syndrome of myotubular myopathy (MTM1), male hypogenitalism and deletion in Xq28:report of the first familial case

Hu et al. (1996) and Laporte et al. (1997) recently proposed a novel contiguous gene syndrome of myotubular myopathy, abnormal male genital development and deletion in Xq28. We studied a family where two male infants, both deceased, had myotubular myopathy and intersexual genitalia. Using FISH we detected in the mother a hemizygous deletion including the myotubularin gene MTM1 and F18 (a gene of yet unknown function). DNA studies with STR-markers (short tandem repeats) within and flanking the deleted segment confirmed the deletion in the family and were used for prenatal diagnosis. Our findings confirm the existence of this novel contiguous gene syndrome and support that the deletion of the F18 gene, or a neighboring gene, may cause ambiguous genitalia or severe hypospadias in males. The mother had low muscle power and marked menstrual irregularities which may indicate that she is a manifesting carrier and that the deletion may include a gene (F18 or other) for gonadal function in females.
SELF‐REPORT AND CLINICIAN‐RATED MEASURES OF DEPRESSION SEVERITY: CAN ONE REPLACE THE OTHER?

It has been suggested that clinician‐rated scales and self‐report questionnaires may be interchangeable in the measurement of depression severity, but it has not been tested whether clinically significant information is lost when assessment is restricted to either clinician‐rated or self‐report instruments. The aim of this study is to test whether self‐report provides information relevant to short‐term treatment outcomes that is not captured by clinician‐rating and vice versa.
Interspecific scaling patterns of talar articular surfaces within primates and their closest living relatives

The articular facets of interosseous joints must transmit forces while maintaining relatively low stresses. To prevent overloading, joints that transmit higher forces should therefore have larger facet areas. The relative contributions of body mass and muscle‐induced forces to joint stress are unclear, but generate opposing hypotheses. If mass‐induced forces dominate, facet area should scale with positive allometry to body mass. Alternatively, muscle‐induced forces should cause facets to scale isometrically with body mass. Within primates, both scaling patterns have been reported for articular surfaces of the femoral and humeral heads, but more distal elements are less well studied. Additionally, examination of complex articular surfaces has largely been limited to linear measurements, so that ‘true area’ remains poorly assessed. To re‐assess these scaling relationships, we examine the relationship between body size and articular surface areas of the talus. Area measurements were taken from microCT scan‐generated surfaces of all talar facets from a comprehensive sample of extant euarchontan taxa (primates, treeshrews, and colugos). Log‐transformed data were regressed on literature‐derived log‐body mass using reduced major axis and phylogenetic least squares regressions. We examine the scaling patterns of muscle mass and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) to body mass, as these relationships may complicate each model. Finally, we examine the scaling pattern of hindlimb muscle PCSA to talar articular surface area, a direct test of the effect of mass‐induced forces on joint surfaces. Among most groups, there is an overall trend toward positive allometry for articular surfaces. The ectal (= posterior calcaneal) facet scales with positive allometry among all groups except ‘sundatherians’, strepsirrhines, galagids, and lorisids. The medial tibial facet scales isometrically among all groups except lemuroids. Scaling coefficients are not correlated with sample size, clade inclusivity or behavioral diversity of the sample. Muscle mass scales with slight positive allometry to body mass, and PCSA scales at isometry to body mass. PCSA generally scales with negative allometry to articular surface area, which indicates joint surfaces increase faster than muscles' ability to generate force. We suggest a synthetic model to explain the complex patterns observed for talar articular surface area scaling: whether ‘muscles or mass’ drive articular facet scaling is probably dependent on the body size range of the sample and the biological role of the facet. The relationship between ‘muscle vs. mass’ dominance is likely bone‐ and facet‐specific, meaning that some facets should respond primarily to stresses induced by larger body mass, whereas others primarily reflect muscle forces.
Challenges constraining access to insulin in the private-sector market of Delhi, India

Objective India's majority of patients—including those living with diabetes—seek healthcare in the private sector through out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. We studied access to insulin in the private-sector market of Delhi state, India. Methods A modified World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) standard survey to assess insulin availability and prices, and qualitative interviews with insulin retailers (pharmacists) and wholesalers to understand insulin market dynamics. Results In 40 pharmacy outlets analysed, mean availability of the human and analogue insulins on the 2013 Delhi essential medicine list was 44.4% and 13.1%, respectively. 82% of pharmacies had domestically manufactured human insulin phials, primarily was made in India under licence to overseas pharmaceutical companies. Analogue insulin was only in cartridge and pen forms that were 4.42 and 5.81 times, respectively, the price of human insulin phials. Domestically manufactured human phial and cartridge insulin (produced for foreign and Indian companies) was less expensive than their imported counterparts. The lowest paid unskilled government worker in Delhi would work about 1.5 and 8.6 days, respectively, to be able to pay OOP for a monthly supply of human phial and analogue cartridge insulin. Interviews suggest that the Delhi insulin market is dominated by a few multinational companies that import and/or license in-country production. Several factors influence insulin uptake by patients, including doctor's prescribing preference. Wholesalers have negative perceptions about domestic insulin manufacturing. Conclusions The Delhi insulin market is an oligopoly with limited market competition. Increasing competition from Indian companies is going to require some additional policies, not presently in place. As more Indian companies produce biosimilars, brand substitution policies are needed to be able to benefit from market competition.
Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from the Equipment and Surfaces in Hospital Wards of Golestan Province, North of Iran

Nosocomial infections are one of the most common causes of death in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gram-negative bacilli isolated from the equipment in hospital wards of the Golestan province, in the year 2015. In this cross-sectional study in 2015, 1980 samples from medical and nonmedical equipment and surfaces were collected from the wards of 13 teaching hospitals, in the Golestan province. Samples were inoculated into eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar culture media and isolated colonies were identified by standard biochemical tests. The obtained results were then analyzed using SPSS 22 software and χ2 test. Among 1980 isolated samples, 601 samples (30.35%) were infected with gram-negative bacilli while Enterobacter aerogenes (37.27%) was responsible for most of the contaminations. The highest rate of infection was observed in the intensive care unit (33.1%), and the highest level of contamination in the medical equipment was associated with laryngoscope and its blade (10.48%), as well as ECG sensor and its monitoring connector (6.65%). Meanwhile, phone (6.32%) and patients’ beds and linen (5.15%) had the highest level of contamination in the nonmedical equipment. Considering the high rates of gram-negative bacilli contamination in the hospital wards of the Golestan province, thorough hand washing as the main action for disinfection and sterilizing the equipment, as well as performing periodic cultivation alongside the use of standard guidelines for prevention and control of nosocomial infections, are recommended to reduce the level of contamination.
Why all John's Friends are Dutch, Not German: On the Determiner-Like Characteristics of the Inflection on the Universal Quantifier in West Germanic

The word order in a phrase such as all John's friends, in which a universal quantifier is immediately followed by a genitive, is perfectly grammatical in Dutch but unacceptable in German. This article shows that there are three explanations for this difference between the two closely related languages. First, in German, the Saxon Genitive is a true case assigned in Spec, NP. In contrast, in Dutch and English, genitive case cannot be assigned in Spec, NP without a preposition. The Saxon Genitive in these languages is comparable to a possessive adjective that originates as the head of PossP and moves to D. Second, in a definite DP in a Germanic language, either D or Spec, DP must be occupied; if one of these positions is overtly occupied, and if genitive case has already been assigned, the movement of a genitive phrase to D or Spec, DP is unmotivated and causes ungrammaticality. Third, there is evidence that the -e inflection on the universal quantifier alle ‘all’ in German and Dutch has the characteristics of a determiner. *
The Importance of Reallocations in Cyclical Productivity and Returns to Scale: Evidence from Plant-Level Data

This paper provides new evidence that estimates based on aggregate data will understate the true procyclicality of total factor productivity. I examine plant-level data and show that some industries experience countercyclical reallocations of output shares among firms at different points in the business cycle, so that during recessions, less productive firms produce less of the total output, but during expansions they produce more. These reallocations cause overall productivity to rise during recessions, and do not reflect the actual path of productivity of a representative firm over the course of the business cycle. Such an effect (sometimes called the cleansing effect of recessions) may also bias aggregate estimates of returns to scale and help explain why decreasing returns to scale are found at the industry-level data.
Variations in human renal arteries

Kidneys are especially irrigated by a pair of arteries originated from the aorta artery. The presence of additional renal arteries is the most frequent variation in this vascularization, an aspect important to be known in renal surgeries and radiological procedures (SAMPAIO; PASSOS, 1992). This study aimed to observe the prevalence of numeric variation and the origin of the additional renal artery. For this purpose, 24 cadavers and 26 blocks were used; each block contained the kidneys and their respective arteries and veins, the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, taken from adults of different ethnicity and genders, from the Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringa (DCM/UEM) and Laboratory of Anatomy, Inga Faculty (UNINGA). Among the examined pieces, 45 (forty five) presented single renal arteries and 5 (five) had double renal arteries; 3 (three) had only additional renal artery on the right side, and 1 (one) showed additional renal artery on the left side, and only 1 (one) also showed bilateral additional renal arteries.
Common SNP in pre-miR-146a decreases mature miR expression and predisposes to papillary thyroid carcinoma

Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) displays strong heritability, no predisposing germ-line mutations have been found. We show that a common G/C polymorphism (rs2910164) within the pre-miR-146a sequence reduced the amount of pre- and mature miR-146a from the C allele 1.9- and 1.8-fold, respectively, compared with the G allele. This is matched by a similar decrease in the amount of each pre-miR generated from the corresponding pri-miR-146a in an in vitro processing reaction. The C allele also interfered with the binding of a nuclear factor to pre-miR-146a. The reduction in miR-146a led to less efficient inhibition of target genes involved in the Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling pathway (TRAF6, IRAK1), and PTC1 (also known as CCDC6 or H4), a gene frequently rearranged with RET proto-oncogene in PTC. In an association study of 608 PTC patients and 901 controls, we found marked differences in genotype distribution of rs2910164 (P = 0.000002), the GC heterozygous state being associated with an increased risk of acquiring PTC (odds ratio = 1.62, P = 0.000007), and both homozygous states protective with odds ratio = 0.42 for the CC genotype (P = 0.003) and odds ratio = 0.69 for the GG genotype (P = 0.0006). Moreover, 4.7% of tumors had undergone somatic mutations of the SNP sequence. Thus, our data suggest that a common polymorphism in pre-miR-146a affects the miR expression, contributes to the genetic predisposition to PTC, and plays a role in the tumorigenesis through somatic mutation. Preliminary evidence suggests that these effects are mediated through target genes whose expression is affected by the SNP status.
A Comparison Between Global and Context-Adaptive Pansharpening of Multispectral Images

Multiresolution analysis (MRA) and component substitution (CS) are the two basic frameworks to which image fusion algorithms can be reported when merging multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (Pan) images (pansharpening), acquired with different spatial and spectral resolutions. State-of-the-art algorithms add the spatial details extracted from the Pan into the MS data set by considering different injection strategies. The capability of efficiently modeling the relationships between MS and Pan is crucial for the quality of fusion results and particularly for a correct recovery of local features with a consequent reduction of spectral distortions. Although context-adaptive (CA) injection models have been proposed in the MRA framework, their adoption in CS schemes has been scarcely investigated so far. In this letter, CA strategies are compared with global models by considering a general protocol in which both MRA- and CS-based schemes can be described. Qualitative and quantitative results are reported for three high-resolution data sets from two different sensors, namely, IKONOS and simulated Pleiades. The score gains of well-known and novel quality figures show that CA models are more efficient than global ones.
Research about feature genes selection for cancer type identification based on gene expression profiles

The identification and classification of different cancer type and feature gene subset selection are of great importance in cancer diagnosis and have recently received a great deal of attention in the field of bioinformatics. On the basis of comparing cancer with normal samples by SVM and verifying the disease group and normal group can be classified by the feature gene vectors, we selected the feature gene module of different cancer types in the training set with improved Relief algorithm, then put the feature gene module to the test set including 4 kinds of cancer samples. The results of series experiments in different conditions proved that the identification accuracy of selected feature genes can reach more than 95%. The SVM and improved Relief algorithm show excellent performance of selecting feature genes to identify and classify cancer types.
Summer work and injury among middle school students, aged 10–14 years

Background: Little information exists on injury and factors associated with injury in working youth aged 10–14 years. Most studies do not involve children younger than 15. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous survey was administered to middle school students in five school districts and one large urban school in October 2001. Results: Of the 3189 working middle school students who responded to the survey, the majority were employed in informal job settings, such as working for someone in a home, newspaper delivery, and working on family farms or in family businesses. Overall, 18% of children reported being injured at work. Of those injured, 26% reported that their injury was severe enough to affect their activities for more than three days. Variables that were associated with injury included having a “near-miss” incident at work (AOR 6.61, 95% CI 4.92 to 8.89), having a co-worker injured (AOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.60), and being asked to do something dangerous (AOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.14). Conclusions: Children are working and being injured in jobs that are not covered by existing child labour laws. Injury rates in non-covered occupations are high, warranting review of current laws.
An Assessment of Complex Spinal Loads During Dynamic Lifting Tasks

Study Design. An electromyogram‐assisted free‐dynamic lifting model was used to quantify the patterns of complex spinal loads in subjects performing various lifting tasks. Objectives. To assess in vivo the three‐dimensional complex spinal loading patterns associated with high and low risk lifting conditions that matched those observed in industrial settings. Summary of Background Data. Combined loading on the spine has been implicated as a major risk factor in occupational low back disorders. However, there is a void in the literature regarding the role of these simultaneously occurring complex spinal loads during manual lifting. Methods. Eleven male subjects performed symmetric and asymmetric lifting tasks with varying speed and weight. Reactive forces and moments at L5‐S1 were determined through the use of electrogoniometers and a force plate. An electromyogram‐assisted model provided the continuous patterns of three‐dimensional spinal loads under these complex lifting tasks. Results. The results showed that complex dynamic motions similar to those observed in risky industrial tasks generated substantial levels of combined compressive and shear loads. In addition, higher loading rates were observed under these conditions. Unlike loading magnitudes, loading rate was a better indicator of dynamic loading because it incorporated both the duration and magnitude of net muscle forces contributing to total spinal loading during the lifting conditions. Conclusions. Quantification of spinal combined motions and loading in vivo has not been undertaken. This study provided a unified assessment of the effects of combined or coupled motions and moments in the internal loading of the spine. Dynamic lifting conditions similar to those observed in risky industrial situations generated unique complex patterns of spinal loading, which have been implicated to pose a higher risk to the spinal structure. The higher predicted loading and loading rate during asymmetric lifting conditions can be avoided by appropriate ergonomic workplace modifications.
Effects of Polysemy in Lexical Decision and Naming: An Alternative to Lexical Access Accounts

The effects of polysemy (number of meanings) and word frequency were examined in lexical decision and naming tasks. Polysemy effects were observed in both tasks. In the lexical decision task, high- and low-frequency words produced identical polysemy effects. In the naming task, however, polysemy interacted with frequency, with polysemy effects being limited to low-frequency words. When degraded stimuli were used in both tasks, the interaction appeared not only in naming but also in lexical decision. Because stimulus degradation also produced an effect of spelling-sound regularity in the lexical decision task, the different relationships between polysemy and frequency appear to be due to whether responding was based primarily on orthographic or phonological codes. As such, the effects of polysemy seem to be due to the nature of task-specific processes. An explanation in terms of M. S. Seidenberg and J. L. McClelland's (1989) and D. C. Plaut and J. L. McClelland's (1993) parallel distributed processing models is proposed. One of the most fundamental issues in reading research is how a word's meaning is derived from the processing of a visual input. Chumbley and Balota (1984) suggested that essentially all major models of word recognition, such as Morton's (1969) logogen model, Becker's (1980) verification model, and Forster's (1976) lexical search model, assume at least two processes are involved. The first is the process of accessing the lexicon and the second is the process of meaning determination. The verification model and the lexical search model assume that lexical access involves a sequential matching process between information extracted from the visual stimulus and lexical representations, with representations for higher frequency words checked first. The logogen model assumes differential threshold values for the lexical representations depending
Distributed Transmission Line Negative Group Delay Circuit With Improved Signal Attenuation

In this letter, a novel design and implementation of a distributed negative group delay circuit (NGDC) with reduced signal attenuation is demonstrated. By inserting an additional transmission line Z2 into the conventional NGDC, the proposed NGDC provides further design parameters in order to obtain the required differential-phase group delay (GD) time and help to reduce the signal attenuation. As a result, the number of gain compensating amplifiers can be reduced, which can contribute to the efficiency enhancement as well as the stable operation when integrated into the RF system. Both theory and experiment are provided to validate the proposed structure. From the experiment, for the same GD time of -7.9 ns, the signal attenuation of the proposed circuit is 16.5 dB, an improvement signal attenuation of the conventional circuit of 19.2 dB.