Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Induces DNA Replication Stress InVitro and In Vivo

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) causes cell cycle arrest in G2. Vpr-expressing cells display the hallmarks of certain forms of DNA damage, specifically activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related kinase, ATR. However, evidence that Vpr function is relevant in vivo or in the context of viral infection is still lacking. In the present study, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection of primary, human CD4+ lymphocytes causes G2 arrest in a Vpr-dependent manner and that this response requires ATR, as shown by RNA interference. The event leading to ATR activation in CD4+ lymphocytes is the accumulation of replication protein A in nuclear foci, an indication that Vpr likely induces stalling of replication forks. Primary macrophages are refractory to ATR activation by Vpr, a finding that is consistent with the lack of detectable ATR, Rad17, and Chk1 protein expression in these nondividing cells. These observations begin to explain the remarkable resilience of macrophages to HIV-1-induced cytopathicity. To study the in vivo consequences of Vpr function, we isolated CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals and interrogated the cell cycle status of anti-p24Gag-immunoreactive cells. We report that infected cells in vivo display an aberrant cell cycle profile whereby a majority of cells have a 4N DNA content, consistent with the onset of G2 arrest.
Nonlinear mechanical responses of mouse cochlear hair bundles

The stiffness of sensory hair bundles of both inner (IHC) and outer (OHC) hair cells was measured with calibrated silica fibres in mouse cochlear cultures to test the hypothesis that the mechanical properties of the hair bundle reflect processes underlying mechanotransduction. For OHCS, the displacement of the hair bundle relaxed with time constants of 6 ms for displacements which open transducer channels and 4 ms for displacements which close the channels. The corresponding values of the time constants for IHCS were 10 ms and 8 ms, respectively. A displacement-dependent change in the stiffness of the hair bundle was not observed when the bundle was displaced orthogonally to the direction of excitation. The stiffness of the hair bundle as a function of nanometre displacements from the resting position was remarkably nonlinear. The stiffness declined to a minimum from the resting stiffness by about 12% for OHCS and 20% for IHCS when the hair bundle was displaced by about 20 nm in the excitatory direction, and it increased by a similar amount when the bundle was displaced by 20 nm in the inhibitory direction. The displacement at which the stiffness reached a minimum was within the most sensitive region of the hair-cell transducer function (receptor potential as a function of hair-bundle displacement), and the displacement at which the stiffness reached a maximum was at the point of saturation of the transducer function in the inhibitory direction. The nonlinear displacement-dependent compliance change is reversibly abolished, and the time constant of relaxation of the bundle for excitatory displacements is reversibly reduced, when mechanotransduction is blocked by the addition of either neomycin sulphate or cobalt chloride to the solution bathing the hair cells. The displacement-dependent compliance change was not apparently reduced when the receptor potential was attenuated through the substitution of sodium in the bathing solution with a less permeant cation, tetraethylammonium. These findings suggest that the nonlinear mechanical properties of the hair bundle are associated with aspects of the hair-cell mechanotransducer process. The mechanical properties of the hair bundle are discussed in relation to the ‘gating-spring’ hypothesis of hair-cell transduction.
The emotive nature of con fl ict monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortex

Article history: Received 30 September 2016 Received in revised form 6 January 2017 Accepted 9 January 2017 Available online 11 January 2017 The detection of conflict between incompatible impulses, thoughts, and actions is a ubiquitous source of motivation across theories of goal-directed action. In this overview, we explore the hypothesis that conflict is emotive, integrating perspectives from affective science and cognitive neuroscience. Initially, we review evidence suggesting that the mental and biological processes that monitor for information processing conflict—particularly those generated by the anterior midcingulate cortex—track the affective significance of conflict and use this signal to motivate increased control. In this sense, variation in control resembles a form of affect regulation in which control implementation counteracts the aversive experience of conflict. We also highlight emerging evidence proposing that states and dispositions associated with acceptance facilitate control by tuning individuals to the emotive nature of conflict, before proposing avenues for future research, including investigating the role of affect in reinforcement learning and decision making. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dietary factors and the risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes in childhood.

OBJECTIVE--To study different nutrients and food additives as risk factors for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood. DESIGN--Prospective case-control study. Parents of the children being studied were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding the children's frequency of consumption of various foods. Parents of children with diabetes were asked about the period before onset of the disease. SETTING--Population based study throughout Sweden. SUBJECTS--339 Children aged 0-14 who had recently developed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and 528 control children matched for age, sex, and county of residence who were traced through the official Swedish population register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Foods were classified according to their content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, monosaccharides or disaccharides, nitrosamines, nitrates or nitrites, vitamin C, and fibres. The frequency of intake was categorised as high, medium, and low and the relative risk for developing insulin dependent diabetes was estimated for the three frequencies of intake and calculated as odds ratios. RESULTS--Significant linear trends for dose response in odds ratios by frequency of intake were shown for solid foods containing high amounts of protein (odds ratio for low frequency of intake 1.0; medium 2.3; and high 5.5), and nitrosamines (1.0; 1.7; 2.6) and significant but non-linear trends were found for carbohydrates (1.0; 1.3; 4.4) and nitrates or nitrites (1.0; 0.8; 2.4). The significant trends were not affected when the results were standardised for possible confounders. No significant increases in odds ratios were found for protein, monosaccharides and disaccharides, vitamin C, and fibres. CONCLUSION--Nutrients and food additives such as protein, carbohydrate, and nitrosamine compounds may influence the risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes in childhood and significant trends in odds ratios indicate a causal relation.
Reduction of hospital mortality and of preventable cardiac arrest and death on introduction of a pediatric medical emergency team*

Objective: To determine the effect of a medical emergency team (MET) on the incidence of unexpected cardiac arrest and death. Design: Comparison of retrospective data (pre-MET) before introduction of MET with prospective data after introduction of MET system (post-MET). Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Patients: A total of 104,780 admissions during a 41-month period pre-MET; 138,424 admissions during 48 months post-MET. Interventions: Introduction of a MET. Results: Total hospital deaths decreased from 4.38 to 2.87/1000 admissions (risk ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.75, p < 0.0001). Ward unexpected death decreased from 13 (0.12/1000) to 6 (0.04/1000) (risk ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.13–0.92, p = 0.03) but unexpected cardiac arrests did not change from 0.19/1000 to 0.17/1000 (risk ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.50–1.64, p = 0.75). Thirty-four hospital deaths, including three unexpected deaths (1 out of 72 MET calls), were prevented each year of MET operation. Preventable cardiac arrest (children whose symptoms or signs fulfilled MET calling criteria) decreased from 17 (0.16/1000) to 10 (0.07/1000) (risk ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.20–0.97, p = 0.04) and in whom death decreased from 12 to 2 (0.11/1000 to 0.01/1000) (risk ratio 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.56, p = 0.001). Nonpreventable cardiac arrest (children whose symptoms or signs did not fulfill MET calling criteria) increased from 3 to 14 (0.03/1000 to 0.10/1000, p = 0.03) but death did not increase. Survival from cardiac arrest increased from 7 of 20 patients to 17 of 23 (risk ratio 2.11, 95% CI 1.11–4.02, p = 0.01). Annual calls for urgent assistance were 202 in the post-MET era and 46 during the pre-MET era (ratio 4.4:1). Conclusions: Introduction of a MET was associated with reduction of total hospital death and reduction of preventable cardiac arrest and death with increased survival in wards of a pediatric hospital. MET calling criteria identified some but not all children at risk of unexpected cardiac arrest and death.
Bivariate Trajectories of Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior

Substance use and antisocial behavior (ASB) are complex and interrelated behaviors. This study identified model trajectory classes defined by concurrent substance use and ASB and examined trajectory associations with emerging adult outcomes. Participants from a high-risk sample of youth (n = 536; 73% male) completed interviews at baseline (mean age = 16.1 years) and follow-up (mean age = 22.6 years). Latent class growth analyses identified five trajectory classes based on alcohol/drug use (AOD) and ASB, namely, dual chronic, increasing AOD/persistent ASB, persistent AOD/adolescent ASB, decreasing drugs/persistent ASB, and resolved. Many individuals (56%) exhibited elevated/increasing AOD, and most (91%) reported ASB decreases. Those associated with the dual chronic class had the highest rates of substance dependence, antisocial personality disorder, and negative psychosocial outcomes. There were no differences in adult role attainment across classes. Conjoint examination of these behaviors provides greater detail regarding clinical course and can inform secondary prevention and intervention efforts.
Sapphire : A Framework to Explore Power / Performance Implications of Tiled Architecture on Chip Multicore Platform

Sapphire is a multi-processor/multicore simulator where the memory hierarchy, interconnect (network on chip) and offchip DRAM are parametrized and can be configured to model various configurations. Sapphire addresses shortcomings in SESC by integrating it with Ruby from the GEMS framework. Sapphire also integrates Intacte, an interconnect power model. DRAMSim models off-chip DRAM in great details. This has been integrated with Ruby. Power consumed by DRAM is modelled using MICRON power model. Thus Sapphire allows users to explore power and performance implications of all main system components like processor, interconnect, cache hierarchy and offchip DRAM.
Clinico-Social Determinants of Disability among New Leprosy Patients : Study from a Teaching Hospital in Rural Area of West Bengal , India .

Presence of disability among new leprosy patients reflects the efficiency of case detection machinery of that area, therefore it reflects the progress in leprosy control programme. Knowledge of the risk factors for disability among new leprosy patients are essential for prevention of disability and rehabilitation services. Objectives: To study the prevalence of severity, site and nature of disability alongwith association of some clinico-social determinants. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 244 new leprosy patients attending a rural teaching hospital situated in an endemic district of West Bengal by observation and clinical evaluation. Data were analysed by univariate and binary logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of grade 1 was 11.5%,grade 2 was-8.6%. Feet followed by hands were the commonly involved site and loss of sensation followed by cracks\ulcer were the common natures of disability. Male gender, manual occupation, registration delay, MB leprosy and increased number of thickened nerves were the determinants of disability. Conclusion: Recognizing the disease early with prompt treatment both pharmaceutical and other measures are crucial for reducing disability burden in leprosy patients.
Leukaemia cutis in atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia with a t(9;22) (p24;q11.2) leading to BCR‐JAK2 fusion

A 44-year-old male presented with a violaceous papular scalp rash and bilateral small volume (1 cm) cervical lymphadenopathy. A full blood count showed a mild neutrophil leucocytosis (11.9 · 10/l) and left shift. The blood film was leucoerythroblastic with toxic changes and occasional tear drop poikilocytes. A skin biopsy demonstrated a dense dermal infiltrate comprising intermediate sized blast cells with granular cytoplasm. These cells stained positively with CD117, CD34 and CD43, consistent with granulocytic sarcoma [top left; haematoxylineosin stain (HE there was an increase of cells of neutrophilic and eosinophilic lineages, and megakaryocyte clustering with morphologically abnormal forms (top right; HE22)(p24;q11.2) in 23 of 50 cells examined (bottom left). Fluorescence in situ hybridization using the BCR/ABL1 dual fusion probe (Vysis) detected no fusion signals and molecular studies for BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts [expected in association with t(9;22)(q34;q11)] were also negative. Further molecular studies were performed and an abnormal fusion transcript between exon 1 of BCR and exon 17 of JAK2 was amplified and sequenced from the patient’s bone marrow (bottom right). The BCR exon 1 is in-frame with the tyrosine kinase domain of JAK2. This unique BCR-JAK2 fusion gene was clinically manifest as an MPD with early extramedullary transformation. A previous report of an MPD with a BCR-JAK2 fusion (Griesinger et al, 2005) with different breakpoints also showed relatively early blast crisis. Whether BCR-JAK2 positive MPD represents a distinct clinical-pathological entity requires further study.
Complex PTSD as proposed for ICD‐11: validation of a new disorder in children and adolescents and their response to Trauma‐Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

BACKGROUND To evaluate whether the symptoms of children and adolescents with clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) form classes consistent with the diagnostic criteria of complex PTSD (CPTSD) as proposed for the ICD-11, and to relate the emerging classes with treatment outcome of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). METHODS Latent classes analysis (LCA) was used to explore the symptom profiles of the clinical baseline assessment of N = 155 children and adolescents participating in a randomized controlled trial of TF-CBT. The treatment outcomes of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and of patients with CPTSD were compared by a t-test for depended samples and a repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS The LCA revealed two distinct classes: a PTSD class characterized by elevated core symptoms of PTSD (n = 62) and low symptoms of disturbances in self-organization versus a complex PTSD class with elevated PTSD core symptoms and elevated symptoms of disturbances in self-organization (n = 93). The Group × Time interaction regarding posttraumatic stress symptoms was not significant. Pre-post effect sizes regarding posttraumatic stress symptoms were large for both groups (PTSD: d = 2.81; CPTSD: d = 1.37). For disturbances in self-organization in the CPTSD class, we found medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.40-1.16) after treatment with TF-CBT. CONCLUSIONS The results provide empirical evidence of the ICD-11 CPTSD and PTSD distinction in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. In terms of relative improvement from their respective baseline posttraumatic stress symptoms, patients with PTSD and CPTSD responded equally to TF-CBT; however, those with CPTSD ended treatment with clinically and statistically greater symptoms than those with PTSD.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Serum Lipids , Lipoprotein , and

Copyright ©2010 CIAFEL. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited. Corresponding author: Jerry Shearman: School of Applied Sciences and Allied Health, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, New Zealand • Email: shearmanj@cpit.ac. nz DOI: 10.5628/aehd.v1i2. 86
The validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States.

OBJECTIVES This report presents the results of an evaluation study of the validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States and its impact on race- and Hispanic origin-specific mortality estimates. METHODS The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) was used to evaluate death certificate classification of race and Hispanic origin by comparing death certificate with survey race-ethnicity classifications for a sample of decedents identified in NLMS. NLMS consists of a series of annual Current Population Survey files (1973 and 1978-1998) linked to death certificates for years 1979-1998. To identify and measure the effect of race-ethnicity misclassification on death certificates on mortality estimates, pooled 1999-2001 vital statistics mortality data and population data from the 2000 census were used to estimate and compare observed and corrected (for death certificate misclassification) race-ethnicity specific death rates. RESULTS Race and ethnicity reporting on the death certificate continues to be excellent for the white and black populations. It remains poor for the American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) population but is reasonably good for the Hispanic and Asian or Pacific Islander (API) populations. Decedent characteristics such as place of residence and nativity have an important effect on the quality of reporting on the death certificate. The effects of misclassification on mortality estimates were most pronounced for the AIAN population, where correcting for misclassification reverses a large AIAN over white mortality advantage to a large disadvantage. Among the Hispanic and API populations, adjustment for death certificate misclassification did not significantly affect minority-majority mortality differentials.
Predicting Which Child-Parent Pair Will Benefit from Parental Presence During Induction of Anesthesia: A Decision-Making Approach

Using a multiply matched, concurrent cohort analysis, with 568 subjects matched from data obtained by our laboratory over the past 7 yr, we examined whether parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) reduces children’s anxiety depending on the interaction between child and parent’s baseline anxiety. Children’s and parents’ baseline anxiety was assessed preoperatively; children’s anxiety was again assessed during induction of anesthesia. We found that anxious children who received PPIA from a calm parent were significantly less anxious during induction of anesthesia as compared with anxious children who did not receive PPIA (P = 0.03). In contrast, calm children who received PPIA from an overly anxious parent were significantly more anxious as compared with calm children who were not accompanied by a parent (P = 0.002). We found no effect of PPIA on children’s anxiety during induction of anesthesia when calm parents accompanied calm children into the operating room (P = 0.15) or when overly anxious parents accompanied anxious children (P = 0.49). We conclude that the presence of a calm parent does benefit an anxious child during induction of anesthesia and the presence of an overly anxious parent has no benefit.
Growth in Patients with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Background: One important goal in the management of children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is to achieve normal growth. Reviewing available data published over the last few years on growth and height outcomes in CAH patients, it becomes evident that an acceptable height can be achieved by many CAH patients. However, linear growth and final adult height may be stunted in some patients due to factors related to the timing of diagnosis, the age at therapy onset, the start of therapy, the adequacy of metabolic control, the quality of therapy, patient compliance and the experience of the treating physician. In children with CAH who have a poor height prognosis, additional treatment options should be considered. Conclusions: Treatment of children with CAH requires individualized approaches to prevent long-term growth failure.
Effect of US and Graston on Muscle Contraction THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND AND INSTRUMENT ASSISTED SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION ON MUSCLE CONTRACTION OF THE LUMBAR MULTIFIDUS MEASURED

Context: Therapeutic ultrasound and Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) are widely used physical therapy interventions used in a variety of orthopedic pathologies. The immediate effects of both interventions on muscle size and contractibility have not yet been established. There is limited clinical research regarding the immediate physiological effects of therapeutic ultrasound (US) or IASTM on muscle tissue. Objective: To determine the immediate effects that therapeutic ultrasound and the IASTM Technique have on muscle contraction of the L5 multifidus in healthy individuals as measured by diagnostic ultrasound imaging. Design: Quasi-Experimental Design Setting: Data collection took place in the Florida Gulf Coast University Physical Therapy Lab. Participants : 25 healthy individuals (11 male, 14 female) ages 18-45 years. No history of current or previous episodes of low back pain, no prior spinal surgeries, and no history or diagnosed spinal deformities, neuromuscular conditions, joint disease, malignant tissue, or currently pregnant. Interventions: Participants were treated with 10 minutes of therapeutic ultrasound on the right L5 multifidus with the following parameters: 1-MHz continuous ultrasound at an intensity of 2.0 W/cm. During the final 2 minutes of the ultrasound treatment, participants were also treated with the Graston on the left L5 multifidus. Main Outcome Measures: Cross sectional area of the left and right L5 multifidus were measured in both a relaxed and contracted state prior to and following treatment. Effect of US and Graston on Muscle Contraction 4 Three images were taken in each state and the average cross sectional area was used for data analysis. Results: This study found no significant differences in the cross sectional area differences of the L5 multifidus muscles in the relaxed muscle and contracted muscle before and immediately following therapeutic US and IASTM using the Graston Technique. Conclusion: Although the results of this study found no significant difference in the immediate effects of both therapeutic US and IASTM on the cross sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscles during relaxed and muscle contraction as measured using diagnostic US, further research is recommended to examine the long term physiological effects of these treatment interventions on the lumbar multifidus muscles after various increments of time following treatment.