Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum and other Fusarium Species in Polish Provenances of P. sylvestris L.

The fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), a disease which seriously affects different species of pine in forests and nurseries worldwide. In Europe, the fungus affects pines in northern Spain and Portugal, and it has also been detected in France and Italy. Here, we report the findings of the first trial investigating the susceptibility of Polish provenances of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. , to infection by F. circinatum. In a greenhouse experiment, 16 Polish provenances of Scots pine were artificially inoculated with F. circinatum and with six other Fusarium species known to infect pine seedlings in nurseries. All pines proved highly susceptible to PPC and displayed different levels of susceptibility to the other Fusarium spp. tested. The findings obtained indicate the potentially strong threat of establishment of an invasive pathogen such as F. circinatum following unintentional introduction into Poland.
Education and Income Dynamics in Urban and Regional Labour Market Mobility

Well-functioning local labour markets are expected to become net receivers of labour from other regions. In addition these regions are also expected to attract the most qualified labour and thus be the winners in the competition for the best human capital. For an examination of the two concepts "brain-gain" (a relative gain of qualified persons) and "brain-drain" (a relative loss of qualified persons), we do introduce a concept of average education based on the number of years each person have been in education altogether. There are thus reasons to expect that the regions with the highest net in-migration to job also benefit from a "brain-gain" through the migration process and vice-versa that regions experiencing a strong net loss through the migration process also suffer from a "brain-drain" in this respect. Some regions may, however, compensate a negative net-migration with a "brain-gain" through the migration process, whilst some regions may experience a "brain-drain" through migration in spite of positive net in-migration. The "brain-gain", "brain-drain" approach poses also important questions in terms of intra- and interregional competitiveness of human capital across the different industrial sectors, which is also taken into consideration in the analysis. We have as well put forward hypotheses expecting that employed persons that add to their highest formal education another year of formal education will also raise their income above the average increase of income. On the other hand the most qualified labour expects to achieve as much return on their human capital investment as possible, pushing their careers in direction of those regions and those sectors of the economy that actually give the best return. The final section of the paper is thus stressing two main aspects of these topics, first analysing the relative rise of income among employed persons changing their educational level, and second analysing the return to human capital by help of changes in personal income in different person groups by industrial sectors and regional typologies.
BIOSIMILAR BRIEF CTP 10 ( TruximaTM ) : A Rituximab Biosimilar

CT-P10 (Truxima) is the first biosimilar of the reference monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. It is approved for use in all indications for which reference rituximab is approved, including follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. CT-P10 has similar physicochemical and pharmacodynamic properties to those of reference rituximab, and the pharmacokinetic biosimilarity of the agents has been shown in patients with RA or FL. CT-P10 demonstrated clinical efficacy equivalent to that of reference rituximab in patients with RA, and was generally well tolerated in this population as well as in patients with FL. The tolerability, immunogenicity and safety profiles of CT-P10 were similar to those of reference rituximab, and switching from reference rituximab to CT-P10 had no impact on safety or efficacy. The role of reference rituximab in the management of autoimmune conditions and cancers is well established and CT-P10 provides an effective biosimilar alternative for patients requiring rituximab therapy. CT-P10: Key Points Biosimilar to reference rituximab Equivalent efficacy to reference rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Similar tolerability to reference rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or follicular lymphoma Switching from reference rituximab to CT-P10 does not appear to impact clinical efficacy or safety Approved for all indications for which reference rituximab is approved
Validation and verification of a 2D lattice Boltzmann solver for incompressible fluid flow. In VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering: proceedings (Vol. 1, pp. 1046-1060)

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is becoming increasingly popular in the fluid mechanics society because it provides a relatively easy implementation for an incompressible fluid flow solver. Furthermore the particle based LBM can be applied in microscale flows where the continuum based Navier-Stokes solvers fail. Here we present the validation and verification of a two-dimensional in-house lattice Boltzmann solver with two different collision models, namely the BGKW and the MRT models [1]. Five different cases were studied, namely: (i) a channel flow was investigated, the results were compared to the analytical solution, and the convergence properties of the collision models were determined; (ii) the lid-driven cavity problem was examined [2] and the flow features and the velocity profiles were compared to existing simulation results at three different Reynolds number; (iii) the flow in a backwardfacing step geometry was validated against experimental data [3]; (iv) the flow in a sudden expansion geometry was compared to experimental data at two different Reynolds numbers [4]; and finally (v) the flow around a cylinder was studied at higher Reynolds number in the turbulent regime. The first four test cases showed that both the BGKW and the MRT models were capable of giving qualitatively and quantitatively good results for these laminar flow cases. The simulations around a cylinder highlighted that the BGKW model becomes unstable for high Reynolds numbers but the MRT model still remains suitable to capture the turbulent von Kármán vortex street. The in-house LBM code has been developed in C and has also been parallelised for GPU architectures using CUDA [5] and for CPU architectures using the Partitioned Global Address Space model with UPC [6].
Comments Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Chemoattractive cytokines ( chemokines ) and immune renal injury

Immune-mediated renal injuries are characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages[l,2]. These inflammatory leukocytes, which are usually involved in host defence and phagocytosis of exogenous pathogens, contribute to local tissue damage in autoimmune renal disease, due to their generation of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, cytokines, and growth factors [3-5]. One of the significant features of inflammatory leukocytes in affected tissue is accumulation at the localization of injury. Inflammatory cell recruitment into injured areas begins with the binding of blood cells to the vascular endothelium. Cells then migrate according to concentration gradients of chemoattractants into the tissue. The process of adhesion to endothelial cells involves a series of consecutive cellular steps which include the expression of several groups of molecules on the surface of inflammatory leukocytes and endothelial cells, including selectins, integrins, and adhesion molecules [6,7]. The process of cell adhesion on the endothelium is then followed by the transmigration of cells into the site of primary tissue injury. The initiating events of tissue damage in most immune renal injuries is the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens, matrix, or the basement membranes which, dependent or independent of complement activation, can release early inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1/? and TNFa) [2,6,7]. Interleukin 10 and TNFa can induce the expression of adhesion molecules [7], which might initiate cell attachment. Initial immune injury, however, also may lead to the increased formation of chemoattractants [6,8]. In addition to several lipid mediators a group of cytokines has recently been described which in vitro exerts chemoattractant activities on several inflammatory cells and which could be involved in the recruitment of leukocytes in autoimmune disease.
Nutritive Quality of ß-Mannanase Treated Copra Meal in Broiler Diets and Effectiveness on Some Fecal Bacteria

2 Abstract: The copra meal (CM) was hydrolyzed to prepare the enzymatic treated CM (ETCM) by bacterial β- mannanase. The ETCM showed markedly reduction in crude fiber about 14%, while an ether extract, nitrogen-free extract and metabolizable energy value were increased approximately 10%, 4.7% and 16.5%, respectively, compared to non-enzymatic treated CM (NTCM). The digestibility of ETCM nutrient components were also increased, especially, in case of fiber which was increased from 45.35% to 71.98%. The effect on body weight gain of broiler fed with 15% and 20% (w/w) ETCM was not significantly different (P>0.05) in all treatments. Feed consumption decreased (P<0.05) when fed the diets containing ETCM and NTCM, but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved significantly (P<0.05), especially at the level of 20% ETCM which the FCR value 2.06 was obtained compare to 2.12 of NTCM group. In addition, the number of E. coli and Salmonellae count in broiler feces were also decreased significantly when fed with ETCM diets.
An Electromechanical Pendulum Robot Arm in Action: Dynamics and Control

The authors numerically investigate the dynamics and control of an electromechanical robot arm consisting of a pendulum coupled to an electrical circuit via an electromagnetic mechanism. The analysis of the dynamical behavior of the electromechanical device powered by a sinusoidal power source is carried out when the effects of the loads on the arm are neglected. It is found that the device exhibits period-n T oscillations and high amplitude oscillations when the electric current is at its smallest value. The specific case which considers the effects of the impulsive contact force caused by an external load mass pushed by the arm is also studied. It is found that the amplitude of the impulse force generates several behaviors such as jump of amplitude and distortions of the mechanical vibration and electrical signal. For more efficient functioning of the device, both piezoelectric and adaptive backstepping controls are applied on the system. It is found that the control strategies are able to mitigate the signal distortion and restore the dynamical behavior to its normal state or reduce the effects of perturbations such as a short time variation of one component or when the robot system is subject to noises.
ALTERATION IN SOIL FAUNA DUE TO SOIL MANAGEMENT AND CROP ROTATION IN A LONG-TERM EXPERIMENT Modificações na fauna edáfica do solo decorrentes do manejo do solo e rotação de culturas em experimento de longa duração

The present study had as objective to evaluate the soil fauna population, in an experimental sites installed for 26 years in Pato Branco / PR. Among the treatments existent in the experimental site, were selected six managed under Conventional Farming System, and six managed under No-tillage, both cultivated with six different cover plants. The method used for the extraction of edaphic organisms (0-10 cm depth) was Tüllgren funnel. The collection was done in blocks and replicates (156 soil samples to quantify the soil fauna; 156 to evaluate soil moisture, and 156 soil temperature readings). In the April/2013, 60,138 m-2 individuals were estimated, and in the January/2014 they were 28,348 m-2 individuals. The adoption of the long-term No-tillage favors the biodiversity of the soil fauna in relation to the soil that has been undergoing two years of cultivation and four annual harrows since 1976. The most representative edaphic taxon in the April/2013 were Acari, Collembola and Diptera, and in the January/2014 they were Acari, Collembola, Hymenoptera and Larva of Lepidoptera. The phytosanitary management of the areas influence the diversity indexes of the edaphic fauna. The soil moisture abiotic factor acts severely under the edaphic fauna, being more evident in the conventional cropping system. The collection season conditioned to the abiotic factors soil moisture and temperature influences the density of individuals, species richness and the Shannon and Pielou indexes.
Characterization of Storage and Drainage Behavior of Alpine Slopes

Predicting rare extreme floods poses a major challenge for hydrologists, especially as some catchments experience floods that might not be expected from statistical analysis of historical records. The alpine Schächen catchment in central Switzerland is one of those catchments. It usually reacts to precipitation events with a rather low runoff peak but produced some events that were much larger than all other events. It is claimed that this is caused by a type of landscape unit which only contributes moderately during smaller events but reacts disproportionately during extreme events. Understanding of the mechanisms and slope properties that can cause such a response is important to better be able to identify relevant slopes and predict their behavior. To explore the behavior of different slopes several springs in the Schächen were chosen to monitor drainage from those slopes. Groundwater levels and soil moisture were measured at one site. The observed springs showed the expected low contribution with delayed runoff peaks during small events but with strong differences among the sites in the timing and magnitude of the peak discharges. Geophysical methods were used to investigate the subsurface and revealed large differences in depth to the bedrock, which is one factor contributing to the differences in runoff delay. A conceptual model is developed that consists of two storages that represent the unsaturated zone and the groundwater. The storage discharge relationship of the groundwater reservoir is determined by analyzing the recession according to the method of Kirchner (2009). It is coupled with a linear reservoir storage that represents the delay in the unsaturated zone. Observed events as well as extreme events were simulated. It could be shown that the investigated groundwater storages have very different responses, which explains to a large part the observed differences in runoff behavior. But the method also highlighted that the unsaturated zone plays an important part in delaying the peak runoff. Areas with very nonlinear storage discharge relationships could be identified. During extreme events this leads to disproportionately high discharges but also to a forward shift of the peak timing. To identify which properties are causing this extremely nonlinear storage discharge relationship a distributed model of one slope has been set up with HydroGeoSphere. The model suggests that with depth decreasing hydraulic conductivities in combination with a low porosity could be responsible for the observed behavior. The low porosity causes strong rises in water level which in the following leads to the activation of higher conductive areas. This model is also used as an experimental slope to illustrate the influence of slope properties like slope length. The gained knowledge is useful to better understand and to identify areas that might react only significantly during extreme events. For catchments which have many of those areas, flood statistics might have to be evaluated with extra care.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS DRIVING THE VOLUNTARY CREATION OF AUDIT COMMITTEES: EVIDENCE IN THE CASE OF SPAIN

Following the publication of the Spanish Code of Corporate Good Governance in 1998 (known as the Olivencia Code), some companies voluntarily created audit committees in line with the recommendation that all firms, and especially listed companies, should do so. The aim of this work is to analyse the factors associated with voluntary audit committee formation in companies listed on the Spanish Capital Market through 1999. In particular we analyse factors such as board independence and size, the board chairman/CEO duality, auditor size, agency costs, ownership, economies of scale, institutional investors, the audit report and auditor tenure. We find that voluntary audit committee formation is positively correlated with the proportion of independent directors on the board of directors and economies of scale, while the evidence reveals a non-linear (quadratic) relationship between board size and voluntary audit committee formation. We also formed another sample excluding financial institutions, for which we found that audit committee formation is positively associated with board independence and economies of scale, and negatively associated with the audit report and audit tenure.
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2016), Volume 4, Issue 3, 1078-1081

Dr.Shaimaa Jassim AlSultany. Crude alpha-hemolysin was produced by Staphylococcus aureus and it was extracted from the same bacteria which was isolated from clinical samples collected from skin tissue infection and sepsis.the hemolytic activity of crude alpha-hemolysin against rabbit erythrocytes was determined. The culture supernatant was treated with ammonium sulfate (75% saturation)and also hemolytic activity after addition of ammonium sulfate was measured. Skin test was determined against rabbit to detect its ability to induce delayed type hypersensitivity sensitivity and it gave positive results in compare with control and lethal toxin activity was tested in mice to reveal its ability to induce infection symptoms and mortility after 48 hour and 18 hour. so this study proved that crude alpha-hemolysin possess properties enable it to behavior as antigen and to be effective virulence factor in S. aureus.
Record‐low thermospheric density during the 2008 solar minimum

We use global‐average thermospheric total mass density, derived from the drag effect on the orbits of many space objects, to study the behavior of the thermosphere during the prolonged minimum in solar activity between cycles 23 and 24. During 2007–2009 thermospheric densities at a fiducial altitude of 400 km were the lowest observed in the 43‐year database, and were anomalously low, by 10–30%, compared with climatologically expected levels. The density anomalies appear to have commenced before 2006, well before the cycle 23/24 minimum, and are larger than expected from enhanced thermospheric cooling by increasing concentrations of CO2. The height dependence of the mass density anomalies suggests that they are attributable to a combination of lower‐than‐expected exospheric temperature (−14 K) and reductions in the number density of atomic oxygen (−12%) and other species (−3%) near the base of the diffusive portion of the thermosphere.
Some New Chebyshev and Gr ¨uss-type Integral Inequalities for Saigo Fractional Integral Operators and Their q-analogues

By making use of Saigo fractional integral operators, we establish some new results of the fractional Chebyshev and Gr\"{u}ss-type integral inequalities. Furthermore, the $q$-extensions of the main results are also presented. Our results in special cases yield some of the recent results on Chebyshev and Gr\"{u}ss-type integral inequalities.
A New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Poland

A new Late Jurassic ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. is described from carbonate deposits of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Central Poland, corresponding in age to the Agardhfjellet Formation (Tithonian, Middle Volgian) of the Svalbard Archipelago. The new species is represented by three-dimensionally preserved bones which display several features characteristic for Cryopterygius; including appendicular skeleton, pectoral girdle and perhaps neural arches. The morphology of the Polish form is distinct enough from Cryopterygius kristiansenae from the Svalbard Archipelago to warrant erection of a new species. The size of the bones of Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. indicates that this species was smaller than the type species. Its diagnostic anatomical features include a humerus with prominent and well developed dorsal process located in the middle of the dorsal surface of the bone, prominent deltopectoral crest, relatively broad femur and absence of the wide groove on the quadrate articular condyle. The discovery of a new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur of the genus Cryopterygius in Poland suggests that the Owadów-Brzezinki area was a transition zone between the tropical Tethys Ocean and the Arctic basin during the Late Jurassic.
Effect of Partial Replacement of Dietary Soya Meal with Dried Azolla Pinnata Meal on the Performance and Egg Quality of Japanese Quails (Cortunix cortunix)

DOI: http://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2018. 6.053118075 An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of dietary Soya meal with dried Azolla pinnata meal in quail’s diet. Five diets were formulated containing dried Azolla meal (AZL) at 0%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% levels. One hundred and fifty laying quails at 16 weeks of age were used for this study. The quails were randomly allocated to five (5) dietary treatments replicated three times with each replicate having ten (10) quails in a completely randomized design (CRD). All necessary routine management practices were strictly observed. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test. Birds fed experimental diets showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in final body weights, feed conversion ratio, daily water intake and feed cost per gram of egg. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for hen-day and henhoused production and other egg quality characteristics (egg weight, egg size, albumen weight, shell weight, shell thickness, yolk weight, yolk diameter, yolk width, yolk index and haugh unit). No mortality was recorded throughout the experiment which lasted for 60 days. It can be concluded from this experiment that AZL could be incorporated up to 10% level in quails ration without any deleterious effect on the performance and health status of the birds. Submitted: 31/05/2018 Accepted: 06/06/2018 Published: 22/06/2018
Evaluation of Carabelli’s trait in a group of Turkish patients

Objectives: Dental morphological characteristics are useful for providing information in phylogenic and genetic studies and also for understanding variations within and among species. Carabelli cusp is expressed in several degrees and in different frequencies among humans; thus, it is helpful in comparing and characterizing populations. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate Carabelli’s trait (CT) in a group of Turkish patients. Materials and Methods : In this study, 213 patients between age of 14-65 (mean age 29.99 ± 10.04) were analyzed retrospectively according to presence or absence of CT on permanent maxillary first and second molars. All data were statistically analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 22 program (IBM SPSS, Turkey) and the chi-squared test; p 0.05). Conclusions: Expression of CT can be placed in moderate prevalence group. There was no sexual dimorphism in its occurrence in the studied group. CT can be a valuable criterion to determine differences among various populations and a significant insight into the migratory patterns in a selected geographical area.