Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitudes of the Rural Population and Veterinary and Health Personnel Concerning Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Western Iran in 2012

ABSTRACT Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease in Iran. It became a public health problem in the country after an epidemic during 1999 in western Iran. Subsequent studies showed that the disease is now endemic in 23 out of 31 provinces of Iran. The more people become aware of CCHF, the more this disease will be prevented. Therefore, knowledge assessment studies are essential for planning a structured questionnaire to conduct a program of interviews and in training programs. The present study was conducted in an at risk area in western Iran. During Jun-Jul, 2012, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 194 people in Darreh Shahr County, Ilam Province, western Iran. The first interrogation was conducted in 4 villages and the second was focused on the health and veterinary staffs of the County who may have been exposed to the disease or may have come in contact with patients suffering from the disease. An interview was conducted through a structured questionnaire concerning CCHF in all studied populations. Statistical analysis of the collected revealed that 61.7% of those interviewed had some information about the role of ticks in disease transmission, while only 14.8% had correct information about CCHF and its’ vector. The education levels and jobs of the respondents correlated significantly with their knowledge about the role of ticks in disease transmission, awareness of CCHF and its'routes of transmission, as well as with the symptoms of the disease (P = 0.000). Most health and veterinary staff members had varying levels of knowledge about ticks and tick-borne diseases, while 64.6% recognized CCHF as a tick-borne disease. Their information about ticks was obtained mainly from academic courses (61.1%). A relationship of direct employment in public health or veterinary medicine areas led to improved knowledge of 41.6% of respondents. Education of the interviewed personnel was correlated with their knowledge related to methods of tick control (P = 0.002); and the efficacy of various methods of control (P = 0.02). Public education related to CCHF and its transmission routes is recommended via TV/radio broadcasts; however health workers can also play an important role in educating and training villagers. Specialized programs are needed to improve the knowledge of relevant health and veterinary staffs.
Oral surgical procedures and pain, postoperative after use the ibuprofen or acetaminophen

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen, 600 mg) and analgesic (Acetaminophen, 750 mg) drugs on postoperative pain. Material and methods: Patients with indications for surgery were selected, and a total of 57 patients, 20 male (35.1%) and 37 female (64.9%) were included in the study. Of these, 26 patients were placed in the acetaminophen group, and 31 were placed in the ibuprofen group. The average age of the patients was 30 years. The following types of surgeries were included in the evaluation: clinical crown lengthening, gingivectomy, pre-prosthetic surgery, labial frenum and frenum lingual. The surgeries were performed by students in a postgraduate training program in periodontics. Subsequent surgery, postoperative period orientations were provided by the researcher, and the medication to be prescribed was selected at random allocation. Both medications were administered for 48-h periods. A visual analogue scale with values ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represented no pain and 10 represented maximum pain, was provided to the patients, and the patients were asked to rate their pain using this scale each time they took the medication. At the time of the follow-up visit, the patient data were given to the researcher and subsequently tabulated and applied to the statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney, p 0.05). Conclusions: There was no difference in postoperative periodontal surgery pain after the use of anti-inflammatory or analgesic drugs.
Comparison of Kirschner wires and Orthofix® external fixator for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children

Objective: Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation is known as the optional treatment for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures. The retrospective study is to compare external fixator versus K-wires to evaluate the clinical and radiological results for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures. Methods: Among all of 40 patients, there were 16 girls and 24 boys with the mean age of 7.26 years (range from 4 to 13 years). Closed reduction followed by percutaneous fixation of external fixator or K-wires were performed in our department. Medical records were reviewed to obtain demographic information as well as preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiological data regarding fracture type, displacement of fracture, neurovascular status, range of motion and infections. The Flynn’s criteria et al. was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Results: There was no significant different in age, gender, affected sides, the type and displacement of fracture and nerve palsy between two group (P>0.05). According to the Flynn’s criteria et al., two groups showed the similar to clinical outcome (P>0.05). Two (13.3%) children presented skin infection around screws, while five (20%) patients presented skin infection in K-wires, in which four (80%) patients develop the migration of K-wires. There was significant different in skin infection between two groups. Three (12%) patients presented ulnar nerve palsy in K-wires, while one (6.7%) patient presented radial nerve palsy in external fixator. Conclusion: The percutaneous K-wires or external fixator fixation following closed reduction is an effective method in the treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus. K-wires have the risk of ulnar nerve palsy and skin infection or the migration of wires. External fixator could facilitate to reduce the fracture by the direct manipulation of external fixing frame and provide the stabilization of fracture without the neurological risk to ulnar nerve.
Complexity in earthquake sequences controlled by multiscale heterogeneity in fault fracture energy

[1] A series of dynamic rupture events under constant tectonic loading is simulated on a fault with multiscale heterogeneity and a stochastic rupture initiation process. The fracture energy of the fault plane is assumed to have multiscale heterogeneous distribution using fractal circular patches. The stochastic rupture initiation process as a function of the accumulated stress is introduced in order to take account of unknown smaller-scale heterogeneity and variability. Five realizations of a statistical spatial distribution of fracture energy (fault heterogeneity maps) are tested for the simulations of earthquake sequences during a few seismic cycles. The diversity of earthquake sequences is principally controlled by the spatial distribution of the patches. The effect of dynamic rupture appears in the residual stress after the characteristic events because of their directivity and this localizes the subsequent sequences. Although the characteristic earthquakes occur rather regularly in time and similarly in different seismic cycles, some irregular behavior is found based on the heterogeneity maps and the randomness of the preceding earthquake sequence, leading to a visible anomaly in the seismicity. Such anomalies are not predicable but understandable through the analysis of the considered earthquakes during the cycle. The similarity and the diversity simulated in this study, governed by the structure of an inherent distribution of multiscale heterogeneity, suggest the importance of the pre-existing heterogeneity field along the fault for the appearance of earthquake sequences, including those that are characteristic.
Deep Autoencoders with Aggregated Residual Transformations for Urban Reconstruction from Remote Sensing Data

In this work we investigate urban reconstruction and propose a complete and automatic framework for reconstructing urban areas from remote sensing data. Firstly, we address the complex problem of semantic labeling and propose a novel network architecture named SegNeXT which combines the strengths of deep-autoencoders with feed-forward links in generating smooth predictions and reducing the number of learning parameters, with the effectiveness which cardinality-enabled residual-based building blocks have shown in improving prediction accuracy and outperforming deeper/wider network architectures with a smaller number of learning parameters. The network is trained with benchmark datasets and the reported results show that it can provide at least similar and in some cases better classification than state-of-the-art. Secondly, we address the problem of urban reconstruction and propose a complete pipeline for automatically converting semantic labels into virtual representations of the urban areas. An agglomerative clustering is performed on the points according to their classification and results in a set of contiguous and disjoint clusters. Finally, each cluster is processed according to the class it belongs: tree clusters are substituted with procedural models, cars are replaced with simplified CAD models, buildings' boundaries are extruded to form 3D models, and road, low vegetation, and clutter clusters are triangulated and simplified. The result is a complete virtual representation of the urban area. The proposed framework has been extensively tested on large-scale benchmark datasets and the semantic labeling and reconstruction results are reported.
MELATONIN AMELIORATES FLUORIDE INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN YOUNG RATS: AN IN VIVO EVIDENCE

Objective: Developing brain is highly vulnerable to environmental toxins. Recently, fluoride was declared as a developmental neurotoxin and heralded search for natural neuroprotectant. In the present study, we have evaluated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory efficacy of melatonin in fluoride induced neurotoxicity. Methods: Animals were divided into following groups; the first group was used as control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg BW), sodium fluoride (NaF 4 mg/kg BW) and NaF (4 mg/kg BW) plus melatonin (10 mg/kg BW) respectively. Young rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 60 days. Biochemical and behavioral analysis were performed. The level of proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) was also determined. Results: Data obtained showed that NaF significantly (p<0.001) increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ROS concentration and decreased the activities of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). On the other hand, melatonin plus NaF treated group showed significant decrease in the levels of TBARS and ROS while it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content. In addition, melatonin significantly attenuated fluoride-induced increase in the TNF-α level of brain. Melatonin also prevented the cognitive deficit as shown by the increased retention latency in the passive avoidance task (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggests that melatonin has therapeutic potential since it suppresses fluoride induced inflammation, cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in the brain. Key words: Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Melatonin, TNF- α, Fluoride.
Improving Performance and OCB of Student Management Department Through Leadership Democracy Model Class Event in Islamic Education of IAIN STS Jambi

In a process of education, student performance and OCB will positively affect the students themselves, both during the education process as well as in real life. Therefore, these two variables need serious attention from lecturers / teachers. One role of the faculty in improving student performance and OCB is through the lecture, with certain models. This study quantitative approach aims to see how they affect the democratic leadership model in lectures on performance and OCB students. Based on the results of research and data analysis were conducted on the effect of democratic leadership in the lecture to the students' performance and OCB it can be concluded that: (1) democratic leadership have a significant effect on the performance of students in the management department of education in IAIN STS Jambi, amounting to 69% of the category "medium ", with levels of correlation and regression are significant, (2) democratic leadership significantly influence OCB student in the management department of education in IAIN STS Jambi, amounting to 73% of the category" high ", with the level of correlation and regression are significant. Suggestions can be submitted from the research that has been done is necessary to the application of learning by democratic leadership approach by other lecturers at IAIN STS Jambi environment, so that the students have and OCB performance is better, so the quality of the campus in general will also increase.
The Introduction of Value-added Services in Jamaica

Since the liberalization of the Jamaican telecommunications sector in 1999 the mobile market has become extremely competitive. The level of competition in the market coupled with a high level of handset saturation has created a ripened environment ideal for implementing mobile commerce services. However based on reviewed literature the introduction of mobile commerce services must be done from a consumer perspective. Telecommunication providers are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of understanding consumer attitude towards wide scale adoption of mobile services. The approach of introducing applications to market without consumer input could result in the loss of time and financial investments. In order to develop best practices for launching mobile commerce products within the market, researchers have taken the approach to study consumer interest in mobile commerce and to evaluate the characteristics of the products that are found most desirable. Consequently this research seeks to understand the interest of consumers within the Jamaican telecommunication market and to determine what are the value-added characteristics/ properties of services that are most desired by consumers.
Sampling in Interview-Based Qualitative Research: A Theoretical and Practical Guide

Sampling is central to the practice of qualitative methods, but compared with data collection and analysis its processes have been discussed relatively little. A four-point approach to sampling in qualitative interview-based research is presented and critically discussed in this article, which integrates theory and process for the following: (1) defining a sample universe, by way of specifying inclusion and exclusion criteria for potential participation; (2) deciding upon a sample size, through the conjoint consideration of epistemological and practical concerns; (3) selecting a sampling strategy, such as random sampling, convenience sampling, stratified sampling, cell sampling, quota sampling or a single-case selection strategy; and (4) sample sourcing, which includes matters of advertising, incentivising, avoidance of bias, and ethical concerns pertaining to informed consent. The extent to which these four concerns are met and made explicit in a qualitative study has implications for its coherence, transparency, impact and trustworthiness.
Adaptive Variation in Desiccation Resistance in Rhagoletis

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES x INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS 9 Collection and desiccation treatment for all experiments 10 Survival Experiment – Does desiccation resistance enhance fitness under drought conditions? 14 Cascade Transect – Is there adaptive variation in desiccation resistance in Rhagoletis zephyria? 15 Host Comparison – Is there variation between different host races of Rhagoletis pomonella? 16 RESULTS 17 Survival Experiment – Does desiccation resistance enhance fitness under drought conditions? 17 Cascade Transect – Is there adaptive variation in desiccation resistance in Rhagoletis zephyria? 23 Host Comparison – Is there variation between different host races of Rhagoletis pomonella? 27
Graetz problem for micro-slit geometries ; analytical coupling of rarefaction , axial conduction and viscous dissipation

In order to support the recent MEMS and Lab-on-a-chip technologies, we studied heat transport in micro-scale slit channel gas flows. Since the micro convection transport phenomena diverges from conventional macro-scale transport due to rarefaction, axial conduction and viscous heating, an accurate understanding requires a complete coupling of these effects. For such cases, we studied heat transfer in hydrodynamically developed, thermally developing gas flows in micro-slits at various flow conditions. The analytical solution of the energy equation considered both the heat conduction in the axial direction and heat dissipation of viscous forces. Furthermore, updated boundary conditions of velocity slip and temperature jump were applied based on Knudsen number of flow in order to account for the nonequilibrium gas dynamics. Local Nusselt number (Nu) values were calculated as a function of Peclet (Pe), Knudsen (Kn) and Brinkman (Br) numbers which were selected carefully according to possible micro-flow cases. Strong variation of Nu in thermal development length was found to dominate heat transfer behavior of micro-slits with short heating lengths for early slip flow regime. For this instance, influence of axial conduction and viscous dissipation was equally important. On the other hand, high Kn slip flow suppressed the axial conduction while viscous heating in a small surface-gas temperature difference case mostly determined the fully developed Nu and average heat transfer behavior as a function of Kn value. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Disentangling the Effects of a Banking Crisis: Evidence from German Firms and Counties

Lending cuts by banks directly affect the firms borrowing from them, but also indirectly depress economic activity in the regions in which they operate. This paper moves beyond firm-level studies by estimating the effects of an exogenous lending cut by a large German bank on firms and counties. I construct an instrument for regional exposure to the lending cut based on a historic, postwar breakup of the bank. I present evidence that the lending cut affected firms independently of their banking relationships, through lower aggregate demand and agglomeration spillovers in counties exposed to the lending cut. Output and employment remained persistently low even after bank lending had normalized. Innovation and productivity fell, consistent with the persistent effects.
Positive Self-Image in Tournaments

This paper analyzes the implications of worker overestimation of productivity for firms in which incentives take the form of tournaments. Each worker overestimates his productivity but is aware of the bias in his opponent’s self-assessment. The manager of the firm, on the other hand, correctly assesses workers’ productivities and self-beliefs when setting tournament prizes. The paper shows that, under a variety of circumstances, firms make higher profits when workers have positive self-image than if workers do not. By contrast, workers’ welfare declines due to their own misguided choices.
It’s All Relative

Animals—human and nonhuman alike—rarely prefer close genetic relatives as sexual partners. Moreover, in the lab and in real life, humans typically react to thoughts of sex with their family members with extreme aversion. Scientists generally agree about why such aversions exist: The sexual avoidance of close genetic relatives evolved because the offspring of close relatives suffer increased risks of disease and death. But how do these sexual aversions develop? Recent research has addressed this question by focusing on people’s aversions to sex with their siblings. Researchers have discovered a set of cues people use during development to estimate whether someone in their social world is likely to be a sibling. When present, these cues typically lead to the development of intense sexual aversions. When the cues are absent, as they are when siblings are reared apart, kin-based sexual aversions tend not to develop. This article discusses the kinship cues regulating the development of sibling sexual aversions and recent work suggesting that the intensity of people’s sibling-directed sexual aversions colors their moral attitudes regarding the sexual behavior of others. Taken together, research on human inbreeding avoidance addresses fundamental questions pertaining to development and mate choice, as well as morality and social policy.
Fresh and weathered pyrochlore studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with thermal analysis

Abstract Fresh and weathered pyrochlore from the Lueshe carbonatite complex (in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of Congo) was studied by Fourier transfom infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and by a combination of FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The former was carried out in the spectral range 400-4000 cm-1. The spectra for fresh and weathered pyrochlores were very different. For the weathered pyrochlore, two bands were identified as OH vibration modes, one broad band with a maximum at 3413 cm-1 and another finer band at 1630 cm-1. The fresh pyrochlore does not show OH absorption bands. The presence of OH confirms the hydrated state of the weathered pyrochlore suggested by previous microanalytical work. The combination of FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis allows ‘real-time’ observation of gas emanations and solid-state transformations taking place during heating up to 800°C. For fresh pyrochlore, no solid transformation was detected, except a CO2 emanation from 242-576°C. For the weathered pyrochlore a dehydration was observed between 234-565°C followed by an exothermic peak in Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) curve at 604°C. This exothermic peak corresponds to the formation of a Nb oxide phase. At higher temperatures the weathered pyrochlore is partly decomposed, forming a dehydrated pyrochlore and a Nb oxide phase. The combination of FTIR and thermal analysis has provided useful information on both fresh and weathered pyrochlore transformations which has clarified our understanding of the water control of the structural stability of pyrochlore minerals.
Intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a technique that allows delivery of a single high dose of radiation to a target volume during surgery. Where conventional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is limited by the normal tissue tolerance of abdominal and pelvic organs, IORT has an advantage that surrounding organs can be shielded or moved. This approach permits delivery of a biologically potent dose of radiation with minimal toxicity. Many gastrointestinal malignancies are characterized by high rates of local failure, thus IORT has been investigated as a means to improve local control either alone or as part of a combined modality approach. In pancreatic, gastric and rectal cancers, available data suggest that the addition of IORT consistently improves local control. The effect on survival has been variable in these cancers with a significant competing risk of distant failure. As EBRT techniques improve, the utility of IORT will need to be further validated in prospective trials.