Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Meta Learning for Real-Time Visual Tracking based on Target-Specific Feature Space

In this paper, we propose a novel on-line visual tracking framework based on Siamese matching network and meta-learner network which runs at real-time speed. Conventional deep convolutional feature based discriminative visual tracking algorithms require continuous re-training of classifiers or correlation filters for solving complex optimization tasks to adapt to the new appearance of a target object. To remove this process, our proposed algorithm incorporates and utilizes a meta-learner network to provide the matching network with new appearance information of the target object by adding the target-aware feature space. The parameters for the target-specific feature space are provided instantly from a single forward-pass of the meta-learner network. By eliminating the necessity of continuously solving the complex optimization tasks in the course of tracking, experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm performs at a real-time speed of $62$ fps while maintaining a competitive performance among other state-of-the-art tracking algorithms.
Memory disorder in Korsakoff's psychosis: a neuropathological and neuropsychological investigation of two cases.

Neuropathological findings in the brains of two alcoholic patients with Korsakoff's psychosis are reported. Their memory defects had been studied in detail quantitatively over a period of nine years in one case and three years in the other, relevant details of which are presented. Both patients had had a relatively pure long-term memory impairment in the absence of other cognitive deficits and in the absence of a short-term memory impairment. Their retrograde amnesia for public events and famous faces had been measured and found to have extended backwards over at least twenty-five years. There was severe impairment in anterograde recognition memory for both verbal and non-verbal material. On a newly prepared memory quotient battery both patients had scored well below the bottom of the normal scale (less than 60, where 100 is the mean with a standard deviation of +/- 15). Both patients had also shown the characteristic differential improvement in retention when tested by cued recall and also the characteristic 'prior learning effect', i.e. normal retention of one list of words when tested by cued recall but impaired retention of a second list sharing the same cues as the first list. There had been a slight but significant deterioration in intelligence in one of the patients in the two years prior to his death, although his IQ still fell within the normal range. The other patient remained undeteriorated until his death, and his IQ also was close to an estimated measure of his premorbid IQ. In the brains of both patients there was marked gliosis, shrinkage and discolouration bilaterally in the medial nuclei of the mammillary bodies. In addition there was a thin band of gliosis bilaterally between the wall of the third ventricle and the medial dorsal nucleus, the rostral limit lying anterior to the medial dorsal nucleus. In the patient with no intellectual deterioration these were the only pathological changes that were seen. In neither patient was there evident local loss of nerve cells, gliosis or any other qualitative evidence of abnormality in the hippocampi, the white matter of the temporal lobes or the greater part of the medial dorsal nuclei, although it is difficult to be certain whether there was any overlap between the band of gliosis and the most medial region of the medial dorsal nueleus and other adjacent thalamic nuclei. In the other patient there was also a small zone of softening in the cerebellum and an increase in astrocytes in other regions of the cerebral hemispheres, including the basal ganglia, amygdala, and brain-stem, but without noticeable loss of cells. The question of the minimal lesion for the alcoholic Korsakoff amnesic state, and some aspects of the related anatomy, is discussed in the context of other reports in the literature which are, however, difficult to assess in the absence of details of the specificity, severity and character of the memory disorders.
Running head : Job autonomy , work-life conflict , and organizational outcomes Job autonomy buffers the impact of work-life conflict on organizational outcomes : A large-scale cross-sectional study among employees in Switzerland

The objectives of this study were, first, to examine domain-specific antecedents of work-life conflict (i.e., job demands and home demands), second, to investigate, turnover intention, job satisfaction and organizational commitment as outcomes of work-life conflict relevant to organizations, and, finally, to study the role of job autonomy as a buffer between work-life conflict and these organizational outcomes. Data were collected from four large organizations with a total sample of 6,091 employees. The results indicated that high time-related job demands seem to be a major antecedent of work-to-life conflict (WLC), while home demands predicted life-to-work conflict (LWC). Moreover, analyses showed that WLC rather than LWC predicts turnover intention, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In addition, results suggest that job autonomy is a buffer associated with WLC and organizational outcomes, since all two-way interactions were significant, but not with LWC, since respective interactions were not significant.
TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 have separate and sequential activities during epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation in the embryonic heart.

Heart valve formation is initiated by an epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation (EMT) of endothelial cells in the atrioventricular (AV) canal. Mesenchymal cells formed from cardiac EMTs are the initial cellular components of the cardiac cushions and progenitors of valvular and septal fibroblasts. It has been shown that transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) mediates EMT in the AV canal, and TGFbeta1 and 2 isoforms are expressed in the mouse heart while TGFbeta 2 and 3 are expressed in the avian heart. Depletion of TGFbeta3 in avian or TGFbeta2 in mouse leads to developmental defects of heart tissue. These observations raise questions as to whether multiple TGFbeta isoforms participate in valve formation. In this study, we examined the localization and function of TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 in the chick heart during EMT. TGFbeta2 was present in both endothelium and myocardium before and after EMT. TGFbeta2 antibody inhibited endothelial cell-cell separation. In contrast, TGFbeta3 was present only in the myocardium before EMT and was in the endothelium at the initiation of EMT. TGFbeta3 antibodies inhibited mesenchymal cell formation and migration into the underlying matrix. Both TGFbeta2 and 3 increased fibrillin 2 expression. However, only TGFbeta2 treatment increased cell surface beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase expression. These data suggest that TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 are sequentially and separately involved in the process of EMT. TGFbeta2 mediates initial endothelial cell-cell separation while TGFbeta3 is required for the cell morphological change that enables the migration of cells into the underlying ECM.
The impact of a gel system on routine work in a general hospital blood bank

Abstract The gel system has been reported to be more sensitive and specific than the conventional tube indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) for antibody screening. However, a major concern about the gel system is its cost. A cost analysis study was therefore conducted at our hospital. The gel system costs more than the conventional tube IAT per test; however, the total staff and reagent costs per year were about equal, because of staff savings. Workload and cost per patient requiring blood were reduced using the gel system. Immunohematology 1996;12:30-32.
Organ dose conversion coefficients on an ICRP-based Chinese adult male voxel model from idealized external photons exposures

A high-resolution whole-body voxel model called CAM representing the Chinese adult male was constructed in this paper based on a previous individual voxel model. There are more than 80 tissues and organs in CAM, including almost all organs required in the ICRP new recommendation. The mass of individual organs has been adjusted to the Chinese reference data. Special considerations were given to representing the gross spatial distribution of various bone constituents as realistically as possible during the construction of the site-specific skeleton. Organ dose conversion coefficients were calculated for six idealized external photon exposures from 10 keV to 10 MeV by using Monte Carlo simulation. The resulting dose coefficients were then compared with those from other models, e.g. CMP, ICRP 74, Rex, HDRK-man and VIP-man. Old and new effective male doses of CAM were calculated by using the tissue weighting factors from ICRP 60 and 103 Publications, respectively. Dosimetric differences between mathematical and voxel models, and the differences between Asian and Caucasian models are also discussed in this paper.
Symptomatic Thrombosis in Turkish Neonates

Objective: To investigate the association of two common prothrombotic mutations, factor V G1691A (FV G1691A) and prothrombin G20210A (PT G20210A), in neonates with thrombosis. Methods: Twenty-six neonates with thrombosis were assessed with the spectrum of assays for thrombophilia, including the two DNA-based prothrombotic factors. Results: Eight patients (31%) had the FV G1691A mutation in heterozygous state. PT G20210A mutation was detected in four patients (15%). Overall, two common prothrombotic factors were detected in 12 neonates (46%) and an underlying disease or a triggering event in 18 neonates (69%). Thrombosis was considered to be idiopathic in five neonates (19%). Conclusions: The pathogenesis of thrombosis in neonates is multi-factorial. Along with underlying diseases or triggering events, congenital prothrombotic factors (FV G1691A and PT G20210A) showed a trend toward a higher frequency in neonates with thrombosis. These data indicate that mutations associated with underlying disorders in neonates may contribute to the development of thromboembolic disease.
Biogeography and comparative ecology of testate amoebae inhabiting Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands in the Great Lakes and Rocky Mountain regions of North America

Testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) are common inhabitants of peatlands. Strong relationships between community composition and substrate moisture in Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands have made them particularly useful as hydrological proxies in environmental and palaeoenvironmental research. However, stability of these relationships in geographical space is important for widespread applicability. In this study, we compared testate amoeba communities inhabiting Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands of the Great Lakes and Rocky Mountain regions of North America. Our primary objectives were to describe patterns of community composition in the two regions, develop hypotheses to explain differences, and determine if taxa occupy similar ecological niches with respect to substrate moisture in both places. Our results indicated that testate amoeba communities are relatively different in the two regions, and these differences are probably caused by differences in climate and peatland trophic status, although other factors may also play a role. However, many taxa do occur in both regions and these taxa had comparable moisture preferences in each region, suggesting that the ecological niches of taxa with respect to substrate moisture are similar even within communities of relatively different composition.
GABAA receptor binding and localization in the tiger salamander retina

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the retina and also appears to act as a trophic factor regulating photoreceptor development and regeneration. Although the tiger salamander is a major model system for the study of retinal circuitry and regeneration, our understanding of GABA receptors in this species is almost exclusively based on the results of physiological studies. Therefore, we have examined the pharmacological binding properties of GABAA receptors and their anatomical localization in the tiger salamander retina. Radioligand-binding studies showed that specific 3H-GABA binding to GABAA receptors was dominated by a single high-affinity binding site (Kd = 15.6 ± 6.9 nM). Specific binding of 3H-GABA was almost completely eliminated by muscimol (Ki = 105 ± 62 nM) and bicuculline (Ki = 14.3 ± 2.2 μM); however, SR-95531 only displaced about 40% of specific 3H-GABA binding (Ki = 35.0 ± 3.8 nM). These data indicate that there are at least two subtypes of GABAA receptors present in the salamander retina that can be distinguished by their antagonist binding properties: one sensitive to both bicuculline and SR-95531, and one sensitive to bicuculline but insensitive to SR-95531. Because localization of GABA receptors in the salamander retina by immunocytochemistry is problematic, GABAA receptors were localized by fluorescent ligand binding combined with immunocytochemical labeling for cell specific markers. Binding of fluorescently labeled muscimol to GABAA receptors was present in both plexiform layers and on photoreceptor cell bodies. GABAA receptors in the outer plexiform layer were localized to both photoreceptor terminals and horizontal cell processes.
Randomized clinical trial of the effect of pneumoperitoneum on cardiac function and haemodynamics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum may cause major cardiovascular changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and positional changes on haemodynamics and cardiac function in patients assigned randomly to CLC or gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy (GLC).
Molecular chimerization of Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin to interleukin-2: effects on cytokine and antigen function

A chimeric recombinant protein composed of the lktA gene product from Pasteurella haemolytica fused to bovine interleukin-2 (IL-2) was made. The LKT-IL-2 chimera was compared with recombinant bovine IL-2 with regard to the ability to induce proliferative responses and LAK cell activity in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In both instances, chimerization had no effect on IL-2 activity. Similarly, the LKT component was unaffected in its ability to induce an effective immune response after immunization. The adjuvant properties of IL-2 have been established in a number of models, and this effect was tested by using the chimera. A multiple-injection protocol of LKT-IL-2 was compared with single-dose administration of LKT. The results obtained indicate that while there was no increase in specific antibody production, the IL-2 component of the chimera may be able to affect antigen-specific proliferation, as assessed by limiting-dilution analysis. Use of cytokine-antigen chimeras may provide a valuable antigen-adjuvant formulation that is simple to produce and purify and thus have economic advantages over conventional preparations. Furthermore, chimerization will also ensure that the adjuvant acts at the same site as the antigen, thus optimizing immunostimulatory activity.
MicroRNAs in Vascular Disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression via degradation, translational inhibition, or translational activation of their target messenger RNAs. Functionally, an individual miRNA is important as a transcription factor because it is able to regulate the expression of its multiple target genes. As a group, miRNAs are able to directly regulate at least 30% of genes in a cell. In addition, other genes may also be regulated indirectly by miRNAs. It is therefore not surprising that miRNAs could be the pivotal regulators in normal development, physiology, and pathology. Recent studies have identified that miRNAs are highly expressed in vasculature and their expression is dysregulated in diseased vessels. miRNAs are found to be critical modulators for vascular cell functions such as cell differentiation, contraction, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Accordingly, miRNAs are involved in the vascular dysfunction, ischemic angiogenesis, reendothelialization, and vascular neointimal lesion formation under diverse vascular diseases. miRNAs may serve as novel therapeutic targets for vascular diseases such as impaired angiogenesis or reendothelialization, restenosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetic vascular complication. This review article summarizes the research progress regarding the roles of miRNAs in vascular diseases. See Editorial, MicroRNA: Redefining Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases by Maha Abdellatif, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2010;56:441-443.
Inappropriate prescribing in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review of prevalence, associated clinical outcomes and impact of interventions

Adjusting doses of renally cleared medications and/or avoidance of nephrotoxic medications are standard clinical practices in chronic kidney disease (CKD), albeit the prevalence of inappropriate prescribing (IP) in these patients remains high. Therefore, this work sought to systematically review the prevalence of IP and compare the relative effectiveness of available interventions in reducing IP in CKD.
Belonging and participation in liminality: Unaccompanied children in Finland and Sweden

This article investigates children’s participation and sense of belonging from the perspective of unaccompanied children, based on two qualitative research projects with unaccompanied children in Sweden and Finland. The results show that the unaccompanied children’s own understanding of their participation and belonging in different positions was fluid; for instance, the borders between childhood and adulthood, and striving for independence or wanting to be cared for by adults were flexible, allowing the children’s movement within and between the categories.
Alterations in human fecal flora, including ingrowth of Clostridium difficile, related to cefoxitin therapy

To evaluate the effects of parenteral cefoxitin therapy on human fecal flora, we cultured fecal specimens obtained from six patients before, during, and after therapy and used standard methods to identify and quantify all microorganisms. The major changes (observed in at least three patients) included the acquisition or proliferation of group D Streptococcus species, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, cefoxitin-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas species, and various species of the Bacteroides fragilis group. The most striking finding was ingrowth of Clostridium difficile, noted in five of the six patients. There was concomitant eradication or decrease of cefoxitin-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae family members, Bacteroides species other than the B. fragilis group, Clostridium species other than C. difficile, and Lactobacillus species. These marked alterations of fecal flora may have important clinical consequences.
Comparison between fuzzy logic based controllers for robot manipulator trajectory tracking

Most industrial processes nowadays are still controlled by proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. Ziegler and Nichols proposed the well-known Ziegler-Nichols method to tune the coefficients of PID controller. Although this tuning method is simple, but it gives fixed values for the coefficients which makes PID controller has weak adaptabilities for the model parameters variation and changing in operating conditions. In order to achieve adaptive controller, fuzzy logic (FL) based controllers are tested in this paper which combines conventional PID controller and FL capabilities. The conventional PID controller in the robot manipulator is replaced by fuzzy based controllers so as to achieve trajectory tracking with minimum steady-state error and improving the dynamic behavior (overshoot). The simulation results showed that the controllers have strong self adaptability over the conventional PID controller.
Machine translation in foreign language learning: language learners’ and tutors’ perceptions of its advantages and disadvantages

Abstract This paper presents a snapshot of what has been investigated in terms of the relationship between machine translation (MT) and foreign language (FL) teaching and learning. For this purpose four different roles of MT in the language class have been identified: MT as a bad model, MT as a good model, MT as a vocational training tool (especially in the form of translation memories, pre-editing and post-editing), and MT as a “CALL tool”. Subsequently, some of the implications of the use of MT and of free online MT for FL learning are outlined and discussed along with practical examples for language teaching purposes. Finally, qualitative data, drawn from our empirical investigation are presented as synthesized findings pertaining to the perceptions of language learners and tutors in relation to the use of MT and, in particular, free online MT as a language tool.
Recombinant tumor necrosis factor increases pulmonary vascular permeability independent of neutrophils.

We studied the effects of intravenous infusion of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor type alpha (rTNF-alpha; 12 micrograms/kg) on lung fluid balance in sheep prepared with chronic lung lymph fistulas. The role of neutrophils was examined in sheep made neutropenic with hydroxyurea (200 mg/kg for 4 or 5 days) before receiving rTNF-alpha. Infusion of rTNF-alpha resulted in respiratory distress and 3-fold increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance within 15 min, indicating intense pulmonary vasoconstriction. Pulmonary lymph flow (i.e., net transvascular fluid filtration rate) and transvascular protein clearance rate (a measure of vascular permeability to protein) increased 2-fold within 30 min. The increased permeability was associated with leukopenia and neutropenia. The pulmonary hypertension and vasoconstriction subsided but fluid filtration and vascular permeability continued to increase. Sheep made neutropenic had similar increases in pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration and vascular permeability. rTNF-alpha also produced concentration-dependent increases in permeability of 125I-labeled albumin across ovine endothelial cell monolayers in the absence of neutrophils or other inflammatory mediators. The results indicate that rTNF-alpha increases pulmonary vascular permeability to protein by an effect on the endothelium.
Distinguishing features of an infectious molecular clone of the highly divergent and noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 UC1 strain

A full-length infectious molecular clone was derived from the noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 UC1 strain (HIV-2UC1) that was originally recoverd from an individual from the Ivory Coast. Like the parental isolate, the molecularly cloned virus (HIV-2UC1mc or UC1 mc) demonstrates a reduced ability to induce syncytium formation, to kill cells, and to down-modulate the cell surface CD4 receptor in infected cells. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence of UC1mc revealed that it is the first full-length infectious molecular clone in the second HIV-2 subgroup previously identified by partial sequence analysis of the HIV-2D205 and HIV-2GH-2 strains. These highly divergent HIV-2 strains appear to be genetically equidistant from other HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac/sm strains. UC1mc is unlike any other HIV-2 or SIVmac/sm strain in that it lacks a cysteine residue at the proposed signal peptide cleavage site in Env. However, site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicate that this missing cysteine is not alone important in the noncytopathic phenotype of UC1mc. Like other HIV-2 and SIV strains, the UC1mc Env transmembrane protein (gp43) is mutated to a truncated form (gp34) after passage in certain T-cell lines. The UC1 molecular clone should be helpful in determining the genetic sequences associated with HIV-2 cytopathicity.