Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Human SCCRO Gene Family: Characterization of its molecular function and role in carcinogenesis

markdownabstract__Abstract__ Cancer is an international public health problem. A total of 1,665,540 new cancer cases and 585,720 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States in 2015. Although the combined cancer death rate (deaths per 100,000 population per year) has been continuously declining for two decades, from a peak of 215 in 1991 to 172 in 2010, cancer is still a big health problem. Head and neck cancer represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The vast majority of these patients are diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (Figure 1). HNSCC and its treatment can result in cosmetic deformity and functional impairment of vital functions, including breathing, swallowing, speech, phonation, taste, hearing, and smell. The estimated yearly incidence worldwide is half a million people. Nearly 50% of patients die due to tumor-related complications. The disease ranks age dependently among the leading types of solid cancer and is responsible for more than 65,000 deaths annually in Europe. More than 50% of patients suffering from HNSCC sustain local relapses after primary treatment while up to 25% develop distant metastases. Despite significant improvements in treatment options of these cancers, with combinations of radiotherapy (RT), surgery and systemic therapy, the five-year disease-free survival of those patients remains unacceptably poor.
Current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of canine atopic dermatitis.

chemotactic factor. Skin injury by scratching, microbial toxins from Staphylococcus sp and Malassezia sp, or environmental allergens activate keratinocytes and other innate immune cells to release proinflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-12) and chemokines that can polarize T-helper cells toward a Th1 phenotype, where they produce cytokines such as interferon (IFN)- γ . In turn, IFN-γ promotes monocyte-macrophage cell activation. Activated keratinocytes, monocytes, and mast cells produce additional proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , upregulating the expression of P-selectin and E-selectin, on endothelial cells, thus recruiting more leukocytes from the blood. The epidermis thickens as does the stratum corneum; the barrier function worsens, allowing increased allergen penetration; and the cycle is perpetuated. TSLP
Misclassification of OSA severity with automated scoring of home sleep recordings.

BACKGROUND The advent of home sleep testing has allowed for the development of an ambulatory care model for OSA that most health-care providers can easily deploy. Although automated algorithms that accompany home sleep monitors can identify and classify disordered breathing events, it is unclear whether manual scoring followed by expert review of home sleep recordings is of any value. Thus, this study examined the agreement between automated and manual scoring of home sleep recordings. METHODS Two type 3 monitors (ApneaLink Plus [ResMed] and Embletta [Embla Systems]) were examined in distinct study samples. Data from manual and automated scoring were available for 200 subjects. Two thresholds for oxygen desaturation (≥ 3% and ≥ 4%) were used to define disordered breathing events. Agreement between manual and automated scoring was examined using Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS Automated scoring consistently underscored disordered breathing events compared with manual scoring for both sleep monitors irrespective of whether a ≥ 3% or ≥ 4% oxygen desaturation threshold was used to define the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). For the ApneaLink Plus monitor, Bland-Altman analyses revealed an average AHI difference between manual and automated scoring of 6.1 (95% CI, 4.9-7.3) and 4.6 (95% CI, 3.5-5.6) events/h for the ≥ 3% and ≥ 4% oxygen desaturation thresholds, respectively. Similarly for the Embletta monitor, the average difference between manual and automated scoring was 5.3 (95% CI, 3.2-7.3) and 8.4 (95% CI, 7.2-9.6) events/h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although agreement between automated and manual scoring of home sleep recordings varies based on the device used, modest agreement was observed between the two approaches. However, manual review of home sleep test recordings can decrease the misclassification of OSA severity, particularly for those with mild disease. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01503164; www.clinicaltrials. gov.
Nutrient Foramina in the Upper and Lower Limb Long Bones: A Morphometric Study in Bones of Western Uttar Pardesh

The major blood supply to long bones occurs through the nutrient artries, which enter through the nutrient foramina. The supply is essential during the early phase of ossification and in procedures such as bone graft, tumor resections, traumas and in transplant technique in orthopedics. The present study analyzed the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of ; 70 humeri ,60 (radii, ulnae, femora, tibiae, fibulae & clavicle). The nutrient foramina is predominant on the an- terior aspect of upper limb and on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. The mean of foraminal number was 56.94 % for humeri, 37.76% for radii, 36.98%for ulnae, 46.60% for femora, 34.49% for tibiae, 45.73% for fibulae, 51.14% for clavicle. Present study analyzed data corresponding to the population of western Uttar Pardesh providing ethnic data to be used for comparison and that may help in surgical procedures.
Surgical and nonsurgical treatment of peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in dogs and cats: 58 cases (1999-2008).

OBJECTIVE To determine clinical findings and outcomes for cats and dogs with peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) treated surgically or nonsurgically. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 28 dogs and 30 cats. PROCEDURES Medical records for cats and dogs evaluated at 1 of 2 veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed, and data regarding clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical findings, and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS Prevalence of PPDH in the 2 hospitals during the study period was 0.025% (0.062% and 0.015% for cats and dogs, respectively); PPDH was an incidental finding for 13 (46.4%) dogs and 15 (50.0%) cats. Other congenital abnormalities were identified in 16 (571%) dogs and 7 (23.3%) cats (most commonly umbilical hernias, abdominal wall hernias cranial to the umbilicus, or sternal anomalies). Thirty-four (58.6%) animals underwent surgical repair of PPDH; 27 (79.4%) of these animals had a primary diagnosis of PPDH. Detection of clinical signs of PPDH (primary diagnosis) and intestines in the pericardial sac were significantly associated with surgical treatment. Short-term mortality rate for surgically treated animals was 8.8% (3/34). Clinical signs associated with PPDH resolved in 29 (85.3%) of surgically treated animals. No significant differences were detected between dogs and cats or between surgically and nonsurgically treated animals regarding long-term survival rate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study indicated animals with clinical signs of PPDH were more likely to undergo surgery than were animals without such signs. Herniorrhaphy was typically effective for resolution of clinical signs. Long-term survival rates were similar regardless of treatment method. Surgical or nonsurgical treatment of PPDH may be appropriate for animals with or without clinical signs, respectively.
Gangrenous mastitis caused by Bacillus species in six goats.

CASE DESCRIPTION 6 lactating dairy goats were examined because of acute mastitis. CLINICAL FINDINGS Goats were considered to have endotoxemia on the basis of physical examination and clinicopathologic findings. The affected udder halves had gangrenous discolored distal portions with sharp demarcations from grossly normal tissue proximally. Udder secretions from the affected sides were serosanguineous in all cases. A Bacillus sp was isolated in pure cultures in all cases. In 1 case, the Bacillus sp was identified as Bacillus cereus. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Goats were treated for mastitis and endotoxemia with polyionic IV fluid therapy, systemic and intramammary antimicrobial administration, anti-inflammatory drug administration, and other supportive treatment. All goats survived to discharge. All except 1 goat had follow-up information available. The affected udder halves sloughed in 1 to 2 months following discharge. In subsequent lactations after the mastitis episodes, milk production in 2 of 5 goats was above the mean, as determined on the basis of Dairy Herd Improvement records, and 3 of 5 goats were voluntarily withdrawn from lactation. All 5 goats had successful kiddings after the Bacillus mastitis episode. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bacillus sp should be considered as a causative agent in goats with gangrenous mastitis, especially when the Bacillus sp is isolated in a pure culture. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing is recommended for selection of an appropriate antimicrobial for treatment. Prognosis for survival appears to be good, although milk production may be decreased.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Self Care in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

and clinical factors showed that disease knowledge related to heart failure (p<.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (p=.027) were independent predictors of adherence to self-care. These factors explained 23% of total variance in the adherence to self-care. Conclusion: Heart failure patients with higher disease knowledge and those who have good systolic function may be more likely to engage in adherence to self-care than those with lack of disease knowledge and low contractility. Further research is needed to confirm these results and identify other predictors of adherence to self-care.
Structural Brain Changes in Patients With COPD.

BACKGROUND Patients with COPD suffer from chronic dyspnea, which is commonly perceived as highly aversive and threatening. Moreover, COPD is often accompanied by disease-specific fears and avoidance of physical activity. However, little is known about structural brain changes in patients with COPD and respective relations with disease duration and disease-specific fears. METHODS This study investigated structural brain changes in patients with COPD and their relation with disease duration, fear of dyspnea, and fear of physical activity. We used voxel-based morphometric analysis of MRI images to measure differences in generalized cortical degeneration and regional gray matter between 30 patients with moderate to severe COPD and 30 matched healthy control subjects. Disease-specific fears were assessed by the COPD anxiety questionnaire. RESULTS Patients with COPD showed no generalized cortical degeneration, but decreased gray matter in posterior cingulate cortex (whole-brain analysis) as well as in anterior and midcingulate cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala (regions-of-interest analyses). Patients' reductions in gray matter in anterior cingulate cortex were negatively correlated with disease duration, fear of dyspnea, and fear of physical activity. Mediation analysis revealed that the relation between disease duration and reduced gray matter of the anterior cingulate was mediated by fear of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with COPD demonstrated gray matter decreases in brain areas relevant for the processing of dyspnea, fear, and antinociception. These structural brain changes were partly related to longer disease duration and greater disease-specific fears, which might contribute to a less favorable course of the disease.
Public Veterinary Medicine: Public Health

Vet Med Today: Public Veterinary Medicine 1129 R is an acute, infectious viral disease that affects the CNS of mammals. Generally transmitted via the bite of an infected animal, rabies is nearly always fatal once there are clinical signs. During 2001 through 2010, 94% of all laboratory-confirmed cases of rabies in Texas occurred in wildlife species, with skunks and bats being the most commonly affected species. An analysis of yearly rabies reports revealed that bats were the most commonly infected species in Texas from 2006 through 2010. Texas has more bat species and more laboratory-confirmed rabid bats than any other state in the United States. For the 10-year period from 2001 through 2010, a mean of 3,107 bats/y were tested for rabies and 11% of those bats tested positive. Epidemiology of rabies in bats in Texas (2001–2010)
Vitexicarpin induces apoptosis-independent mitotic arrest in U87 glioblastoma cells

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor that responds poorly to currently available chemotherapy. Vitexicarpin, a flavonoid compound has been reported to exhibit antiproliferative activities against various cancer cell lines. However, the anticancer effect of vitexicarpin on glioblastoma remains unexplored. In the present study, we found that vitexicarpin inhibited the growth of U87 glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 ~22 μM. Vitexicarpin-induced growth inhibition was found to be associated with induction of apoptosis and mitotic arrest. During vitexicarpin-induced apoptosis, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were observed. We also found that vitexicarpin induced mitotic arrest by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with zVAD-fmk reversed the apoptotic effect of vitexicarpin but failed to attenuate mitotic arrest. Taken together, our data revealed that vitexicarpin inhibited the growth of U87 cells by induction of apoptosis and mitotic arrest. Thus, vitexicarpin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Distribuição espacial da taxa de mortalidade infantil e principais determinantes no Ceará, Brasil, no período 2000-2002

The geographic distribution of health problems and its relationship to potential risk factors has opened a vast field for epidemiological research. The present study aims to identify spatial distribution patterns for the neonatal and post-neonatal components of the infant mortality rate (IMR) in Ceara State, Brazil, and discuss the main socioeconomic, demographic, and healthcare factors contributing to the spatial dependence of these components. This cross-sectional ecological study uses multiple linear regression, in which spatial analysis of the components was obtained through the Moran index. Prenatal, childbirth, and neonatal care as well as improved income distribution are decisive for survival in the first month of life, while other factors related to nutrition, immunization, sanitation, education, and economic status are possible determinants of post-neonatal mortality. Selective healthcare measures are known to play a decisive role in decreasing the IMR. However, structural and inter-sector changes generate the sustainability needed to maintain this indicator on the same level as in developed countries.
Using transformational leadership to improve job satisfaction and empowerment.

JAVMA, Vol 245, No. 10, November 15, 2014 S business owners use a variety of leadership styles. In veterinary clinics, the most common styles are reportedly either autocratic or paternalistic. However, these leadership styles can prevent staff members from working in a truly collaborative manner, limiting their effectiveness, causing them to become demotivated, and resulting in decreased job satisfaction and performance. Decreased job satisfaction and job performance, in turn, can adversely affect patient care, client satisfaction, client perception of value, and business revenues. Transformational leadership, in contrast, is a leadership style that focuses on the motives and needs of employees and seeks to emphasize employee empowerment, thereby improving job satisfaction, job effectiveness, and, ultimately, patient and client care. The concept of transformational leadership was first developed in the mid to late 1970s, and the approach is based on the idea that focusing on employee motivation will help leaders better guide employees toward the company’s stated goals. In contrast to the transformational leadership style are the transactional leadership and pseudotransformational leadership styles. The transactional leadership style focuses on providing rewards for appropriate employee behavior and punishments for inappropriate behavior. It is similar to the paternalistic style of leadership common in veterinary medicine. The pseudotransformational leadership style, similar to the transformational leadership style, focuses on the connection between leaders and employees. However, rather than focusing on employee needs, pseudotransformational leaders tend to be self-consumed, exploitive, and power oriented and tend to focus on their own interests, rather than the interests of their employees. Such a style is similar in some ways to the autocratic style of leadership. With the transformational leadership style, leaders are attentive to the needs of employees, are aware of how employees are motivated, and use this knowledge to help employees reach their true potential while achieving the company’s goals. Transformational leaders act as role models, articulate their goals, communicate high expectations to their staff, and focus on task-relevant motives. They are able to help employees transcend their own self-interests for the sake of the team, while still providing individualized considerUsing transformational leadership to improve job satisfaction and empowerment
Use of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer as a liquid embolic agent to treat a peripheral arteriovenous malformation in a dog.

CASE DESCRIPTION An 11-year-old castrated male Tibetan Mastiff was evaluated because of a visibly enlarged blood vessel and progressively worsening swelling of the right hind limb. CLINICAL FINDINGS On physical examination, the right hind limb was markedly larger than the left hind limb and the dog was minimally weight bearing on the affected limb. A bruit was auscultated over the affected region. Ultrasonography of the tarsal region of the right hind limb revealed an artery with turbulent flow that communicated with venous drainage. A CT scan confirmed the presence of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Embolization of the AVM with a liquid embolic agent (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was elected. An arteriogram was performed prior to treatment and delineated the vessels that were targeted for embolization. The embolic agent was infused into the AVM, and a postinjection arteriogram confirmed complete occlusion of the AVM nidus and normal arterial flow to the paw with subsequent normal venous drainage. The circumference of the abnormal paw was 51 cm before the procedure and 22.9 cm at 4 weeks after the procedure. Additionally, the gait of the dog dramatically improved. No complications associated with the procedure developed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Peripheral AVMs in dogs are uncommon, and described treatment options are limited and generally associated with serious morbidity. A liquid embolic agent, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, was successfully administered in this case, and no morbidity was observed secondary to the procedure. Clinical success was characterized by substantial improvement in limb swelling and marked improvement in the gait of the dog.
Auditory and vestibular findings in patients with vestibular migraine

Abstract Objective: We aimed to report audiological and vestibular test results in patients with vestibular migraine (VM). We used a retrospective analysis study design in the setting of a tertiary referral neuro-otology center. Patients and methods: Data from 55 patients with the diagnosis of vestibular migraine were enrolled into the study. Comprehensive audiometry, electronystagmography (ENG) and vestibular myogenic evoked potentials (VEMP) were the interventions and main outcome measures were the degree and profile of hearing loss, speech discrimination, oculomotor gaze, saccades and pursuit abnormalities, as well as the presence of spontaneous, post head-shake and positional nystagmus. We also measured the caloric response peak slow phase velocity, asymmetry, failure of fixation suppression, and VEMP p12-n23 latency response. Results: Sensorineural hearing loss was present in 71% (39/55) of patients; 53% (29/55) had bilateral symmetrical loss, 9% (5/55) had bilateral asymmetrical loss and 9% (5/55) had unilateral loss. The pattern of hearing loss was flat in 44% (24/55) of patients, low frequency in 3% (2/55) and high frequency in 24% (13/55). The degree of hearing loss was 10–25dB HL in 62% (34/55) of patients and >25dB HL in 9% (5/55). Word discrimination scores were ≥90% in 97% (53/55) of patients and <90% (84–88%) in only 3% (2/55) of patients. Abnormal vestibular findings were present in 87% (48/55). Oculomotor saccades, pursuit, and gaze tests were normal in all patients. Abnormal nystagmus was present in 58% (32/55) of patients; 15% (8/55) had spontaneous nystagmus, 31% (17/55) had post head-shake nystagmus, and 36% (20/55) had non-paroxysmal positional nystagmus. None of the patients had benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus. Caloric responses were normal and symmetrical in 57% (31/55) of patients and showed unilateral weakness in 33% (18/55) of patients. No bilateral weakness was present. Caloric hyperactivity (caloric response >40°/s) was present in 10% (6/55) of patients. All patients showed normal fixation suppression index. VEMP response (p13n23) was present in 66% (33/50) of patients with normal latency and absent in 34% (17/55) of patients. Conclusions: Sixty-two percent (34/55) of the vestibular migraine patients in this study had sensorineural hearing loss (>10–25dB HL), 58% (32/55) abnormal nystagmus, 10% (6/55) hyperactive caloric response, 33% (18/55) caloric asymmetry and 34% (17/55) absent VEMP. The patients in this study did not have central vestibular abnormalities.
Approach to the Newborn Who Has Thrombocytopenia

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the platelet counts that represent mild, moderate, and severe thrombocytopenia. 2. List common causes of thrombocytopenia in sick neonates, preterm infants, and infants who have other medical conditions. 3. List the conditions characterized by physical abnormalities or dysmorphic features that commonly are associated with thrombocytopenia. 4. List potential causes of thrombocytopenia in healthy-appearing neonates. 5. Describe the clinical manifestations of and treatment for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts in healthy fetuses (mid-second trimester) and neonates are the same as in normal children and adults. Neonatal platelet counts of 100 to 150 × 10 3/mcL (100 to 150 × 10 9/L) represent mild thrombocytopenia, platelet counts of 50 to 100 × 10 3/mcL (50 to 100 × 10 9/L) are considered moderate thrombocytopenia, and levels less than 50 × 10 3/mcL (50 × 10 9/L) are categorized as severe thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia in newborns is a result of increased platelet consumption (infections, thrombosis, immune-mediated) or decreased platelet production. In many neonates, particularly sick preterm infants, both impaired megakaryopoiesis and accelerated platelet destruction may occur simultaneously. Mild asymptomatic thrombocytopenia occurs in 1% of healthy term infants. Severe thrombocytopenia in term infants, however, is rare, and most affected infants usually are recognized because of hemorrhagic manifestations (petechiae, purpura, or frank bleeding). Any term neonate whose platelet count is less than 50 × 10 3/mcL (50 × 10 9/L) should be evaluated to establish a cause. In contrast to the rarity of thrombocytopenia in healthy term neonates, low platelet counts are noted commonly in sick infants who often are preterm. Up to 25% of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NCIU) have thrombocytopenia. Also, in contrast to term newborns who present with hemorrhagic manifestations, most cases of thrombocytopenia in …