Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastric emptying rate, glycemic and appetite response to a liquid meal in lean and overweight males

Abstract The effect of body weight status on appetite, glycemic response and gastric emptying rate was investigated using a liquid meal. Lean and overweight males rated their subjective appetite with blood samples collected for measurement of glucose, biomarkers of appetite and gastric emptying rate for 3 h following consumption of the isocaloric test meal. Overweight participants had a higher rating on postprandial hunger (p < 0.001), preoccupation with food (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001), with fullness being lower (p = 0.001). Postprandial plasma concentration of cholecystokinin-33 was lower (p = 0.007) and total ghrelin was higher (p = 0.012) in overweight participants. A delayed gastric emptying rate was observed in lean participants. There was no difference in postprandial glycemic response (p = 0.189). These results suggest the postprandial appetite pattern was different between lean and overweight males when consuming an isocaloric meal. This may have implications for overweight individuals who attempt to lose weight through restricting food intake.
Chemical Composition and Antigerminative Activity of the Essential Oils from Five Salvia Species

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Salvia africana L. , Salvia elegans Vahl, Salvia greggii A. Gray, Salvia mellifera Green and Salvia munzii Epling, cultivated in Eboli (Salerno, Southern Italy), was studied by means of GC and GC-MS analyses. In all, 88 compounds were identified, 54 for S. africana, accounting for 95.4% of the total oil, 55 for S. elegans (92.9%), 50 for S. greggii (96.9%), 54 for S. mellifera (90.4%) and 47 for S. munzii (97.5%), respectively. In S. africana, the amount of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids is very similar. For other species, the monoterpenoid percentage is greater than the amount of sesquiterpenoids. The oils of S. elegans, S. greggii and S. munzii were active inhibitors of germination and radical elongation of Raphanus sativus L. and Lepidium sativum L.
Issues and challenges facing school libraries in selected primary schools in Gauteng Province, South Africa

There is no national policy for school libraries which compels school governing bodies and principals to have a library in their schools. It is thus not surprising that in 2011, only 21% of state schools had libraries, only 7% had stocked libraries and 79% of schools had no library at all (Department of Basic Education (DBE) Republic of South Africa, 2011a:23). This article forms part of a broader qualitative study which investigated 10 primary schools in Gauteng Province, South Africa that had libraries, or were in the process of setting up a library, with the intention of providing a rich description of the issues and challenges facing these schools. The 10 schools used in this study were chosen on the basis of their location and fee structures. They represented the full continuum of fees within the state structure. In this article, we discuss three core categories of predicaments faced by primary school libraries. These were resourcing the library, operating the library and the role of the library. Our main contention is that school libraries are not playing an effective role in supporting and enabling quality education for all South African children. This needs to be addressed by government as a matter of urgency.
CO fluxes from mid-ocean ridges , arcs and plumes 2

Estimates of CO emissions at spreading centres, convergent margins, and plumes have been reviewed and upgraded 2 using observed CO r He ratios in magmatic volatiles, He content estimates in the magmatic sources, and magma 2 emplacement rates in the different tectonic settings. The effect of volatile fractionation during magma degassing, Ž . investigated using new rare gas and CO abundances determined simultaneously for a suite of Mid-Ocean Ridge MOR 2 basalt glasses, is not the major factor controlling the spread of data, which mainly result from volatile heterogeneity in the Ž . 12 mantle source. The computed C flux at ridges 2.2"0.9 =10 molra, is essentially similar to previous estimates based on a more restricted data base. Variation of the C flux in the past can be simply scaled to that of spreading rate since the computed C depends mainly on the volatile content of the mantle source, which can be considered constant during the last 10 a. The flux of CO from arcs may be approximated using the CO r He ratios of volcanic gases at arcs and the magma 2 2 emplacement rate, assuming that the He content of the mantle end-member is that of the MORB source. The resulting flux is ;2.5=10 molra, with approx. 80% of carbon being derived from the subducting plate. The flux of CO from plumes, 2 based on time-averaged magma production rates and on estimated contributions of geochemical sources to plume magmatism, is F3=10 molra. Significant enhancements of the CO flux from plumes might have occurred in the past 2 during giant magma emplacements, depending on the duration of these events, although the time-integrated effect does not appear important. The global magmatic flux of CO into the atmosphere and the hydrosphere is found to be 6=10 2 Ž . 12 molra, with a range of 4–10 =10 molra. Improvement on the precision of this estimate is linked to a better understanding of the volatile inventory at arcs on one hand, and on the dynamics of plumes and their mantle source contribution on the other hand. q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Assessment of evaluation criteria for survival prediction from genomic data

Survival prediction from high‐dimensional genomic data is dependent on a proper regularization method. With an increasing number of such methods proposed in the literature, comparative studies are called for and some have been performed. However, there is currently no consensus on which prediction assessment criterion should be used for time‐to‐event data. Without a firm knowledge about whether the choice of evaluation criterion may affect the conclusions made as to which regularization method performs best, these comparative studies may be of limited value. In this paper, four evaluation criteria are investigated: the log‐rank test for two groups, the area under the time‐dependent ROC curve (AUC), an R2‐measure based on the Cox partial likelihood, and an R2‐measure based on the Brier score. The criteria are compared according to how they rank six widely used regularization methods that are based on the Cox regression model, namely univariate selection, principal components regression (PCR), supervised PCR, partial least squares regression, ridge regression, and the lasso. Based on our application to three microarray gene expression data sets, we find that the results obtained from the widely used log‐rank test deviate from the other three criteria studied. For future studies, where one also might want to include non‐likelihood or non‐model‐based regularization methods, we argue in favor of AUC and the R2‐measure based on the Brier score, as these do not suffer from the arbitrary splitting into two groups nor depend on the Cox partial likelihood.
Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial: Injection of Autologous Blood in the Treatment of Chronic Patella Tendinopathy—A Pilot Study

Objective:To assess the efficacy of autologous blood injections (ABIs) against saline in patients with chronic recalcitrant patella tendinopathy (PT). Design:Double-blind randomized controlled study. Setting:Homerton Hospital Sports Medicine department. Patients:Those with a diagnosis of refractory patellar tendinopathy were recruited between March 2010 and March 2012. Interventions:Using 2 practitioners, patients were randomized to either receive ABIs or saline injections. Main Outcome Measures:All patients completed the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), a visual analog scale (VAS), and a Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment for Patella Tendinopathy scale over a 12-month period. Results:Twenty-two patients completed the final review at 12 months and were included in the study. Subjects ranged in age from 22 and 61 years and were randomized to 11 in each ABI and saline groups. Autologous blood injection group had a mean duration of symptoms of 16.7 months, whereas that of the saline group was 19.2 months. The saline group mean VAS score was reduced from 7.9 to 4.5 at 1 month (P = 0.003) and 3.3 (P = 0.005) at 1 year. With ABI, the score was reduced from 7.5 to 4.5 (P = 0.005) at 1 month and 3.1 (P = 0.003) at 1 year. Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment for Patella Tendinopathy, MPQ, and VAS scores improved significantly in both groups. Conclusions:This study demonstrated that both the ABI and saline groups experienced a significant improvement in symptoms. However, when the results were compared, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups. Clinical Relevance:This research showed that tendon fenestration is an alternative cost-effective treatment for recalcitrant PT.
Visibility and accuracy in a monocular augmented reality system

Recently, augmented reality (AR) has been studied as a new method to present information. Using AR, information can be allocated near an object to which a display designer wants to provide information. There are two types of AR presentation system: binocular and monocular style. Previous research [Kitamura et al., 2014] revealed that in monocular style, observers can acquire information without shifting their attention, so they have a wider useful field of view (UFOV). The UFOV is the area in which an observer can acquire visual information. The UFOV becomes narrower when more attentional resources are required. However, in previous research [Kitamura et al., 2014], the AR image was not wide enough to cover an observer's visual field. Some types of AR display have a large field of view so that the AR image may cover the real world. In a binocular AR presentation, the AR image must prevent observation of the real world. However, it is expected that observers can acquire information more easily in a monocular AR presentation because they can observe the real world without any visual interference by using the eye to which the AR image is not presented. In this study, we examined the superiority of monocular presentation in terms of visibility of the real world and task accuracy.
Adozelesin Triggers DNA Damage Response Pathways and Arrests SV40 DNA Replication through Replication Protein A Inactivation*

The cyclopropylpyrroloindole anti-cancer drug, adozelesin, binds to and alkylates DNA. Treatment of human cells with low levels of adozelesin results in potent inhibition of both cellular and simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication. Extracts were prepared from adozelesin-treated cells and shown to be deficient in their ability to support SV40 DNA replication in vitro. This effect onin vitro DNA replication was dependent on both the concentration of adozelesin used and the time of treatment but was not due to the presence of adozelesin in the in vitro assay. Adozelesin treatment of cells was shown to result in the following: induction of p53 protein levels, hyperphosphorylation of replication protein A (RPA), and disruption of the p53-RPA complex (but not disruption of the RPA-cdc2 complex), indicating that adozelesin treatment triggers cellular DNA damage response pathways. Interestingly, in vitro DNA replication could be rescued in extracts from adozelesin-treated cells by the addition of exogenous RPA. Therefore, whereas adozelesin and other anti-cancer therapeutics trigger common DNA damage response markers, adozelesin causes DNA replication arrest through a unique mechanism. The S phase checkpoint response triggered by adozelesin acts by inactivating RPA in some function essential for SV40 DNA replication.
The Marfan syndrome: joint and skin manifestations are prevalent and correlated.

The objective of the study was to ascertain the occurrence and inter-relationships of locomotor symptoms, joint hypermobility and skin involvement in patients with the Marfan syndrome. A single clinical evaluation, using a standardized protocol, of randomly selected out-patients was made. Joint hypermobility was measured by two scales in wide clinical use (Beighton and Contompasis), skin hyperextensibility was assessed on the dorsum of the hand, and skin thickness and light transmissibility was measured at the same site with a modified Harpenden caliper. The setting was an out-patient medical genetics clinic at an urban teaching hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The subjects comprised 27 children and 48 adults who met strict diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome. In patients less than 18 yr old, 70% had experienced at least one locomotor syndrome, and 40% had had multiple symptoms, of which arthralgia, myalgia and ligamentous injury were the most frequent. Symptoms were absent in children younger than 5 yr. Thereafter, the number of symptoms increased with age. Considerable joint hyperextensibility (> 3/9 of Beighton's criteria) was present in 85%. While one-third had received orthopaedic attention, there had been little if any rheumatological input. In adult patients, locomotor symptoms had occurred in 96%, with 88% having experienced more than one complaint. Spinal pain, arthralgia, ligament injury and fracture were the most common. Most (81%) of the adults had some (> 1/9), and 56% had considerable (> 2/9) evidence of joint hypermobility. Only 20% had received specialist attention for their locomotor symptoms. Skin changes are documented in the Marfan syndrome for the first time in this study. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development and analysis of an instrument to assess student understanding of foundational concepts before biochemistry coursework *

Biochemistry is a challenging subject because student learning depends on the application of previously learned concepts from general chemistry and biology to new, biological contexts. This article describes the development of a multiple‐choice instrument intended to measure five concepts from general chemistry and three from biology that are considered prerequisite for biochemistry learning. This instrument is specifically designed with a factor structure that includes three multiple‐choice items for each of the eight concepts and the most common incorrect ideas that students could have as distractors. It can be used as a pretest to identify students' incorrect ideas about those concepts and to determine if instruction helps students overcome those incorrect ideas when used as a posttest. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis support a very good fit for an eight‐factor solution. This manuscript represents a report on the current state of instrument development. We seek to share our methods and instrument design principles with the broader community. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 102–109, 2011
On the Steady State Performance of Frequency Domain LMS Algorithms

The use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the implementation of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm in the frequency Manuscript received May 24, 1990; revised May 4, 1992. A. Feuer is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. R. Cristi is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943. IEEE Log Number 9203376. 1053-587X/93$03.00 © 1993 IEEE 420 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING. VOL. 41. NO. I. JANUARY 1993 domain results in several types of algorithms, two of which can be classified as constrained and unconstrained. In this correspondence, we point out that, in general, especially with correlated data, the unconstrained algorithm may have a significant performance advantage in steady state if block mean square error is the criterion. Furthermore, we point out here that, in the constrained algorithms, the choice of different step sizes in different frequency bins (as is commonly done) will very likely result in a deterioration of steady state performance. This does not happen in the unconstrained algorithm.
-Induced Cytokine Expression Mycobacterium Protein Kinase PKR in A Role for Double-Stranded RNA-Activated

Following infection of the host by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , induction of cytokines is a major defense mechanism to limit the pathogen invasion. Cytokines interact with each other to form an intertwined network of pathways. For example, IFN and TNF have been shown to interact through common pathways including IFN-inducible, dsRNA-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (PKR) induction. As a signal transducer, it has been conventionally known to regulate the induction of cytokine expression in response to virus infection through NF- (cid:1) B. In light of the critical role of TNF in immunity and its cytotoxic effects mediated by PKR, we examined the role of the kinase in the regulation of immune response against M. tuberculosis using the interaction of bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin (BCG) and primary human blood monocytes as a model. Our results showed that BCG stimulates the induction of cytokine expression in human primary blood monocytes including TNF- (cid:2) , IL-6, and IL-10. With the suppression of PKR by using PKR-mutant gene or 2-aminopurine as PKR inhibitor, we showed that the BCG-induced cytokine expression in human monocytes is regulated by the phosphorylation and activation of PKR. We also demonstrated that downstream of PKR induction is the activation of MAPK and translocation of NF- (cid:1) B into the nucleus. NF- (cid:1) B in turn mediates the transcription of speciﬁc cytokine genes. Taken together, PKR plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses to mycobacterial infection and may serve as an important molecule in the innate antimycobacterial defense. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 7218–7225.
Pharmacokinetics of Bupropion and Its Metabolites in Haemodialysis Patients Who Smoke

To date, no study has investigated the effects of bupropion (BP) in renal-impaired humans. This study aims to identify the pharmacokinetics of BP and metabolites in haemodialysis patients who smoke, determine whether haemodialysis affects BP and metabolite clearance, and suggest the BP dose in haemodialysis. The pharmacokinetics of BP and two of its major metabolites, hydroxybupropion (HB) and threohydrobupropion (TB) were studied in 8 smokers with ESRD receiving haemodialysis. Following a single oral dose of 150 mg bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release, blood samples were taken over 7 days, which were assayed using HPLC-mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken by non-linear regression using MWPharm. The BP results were similar to those for individuals with normal renal function. The metabolites demonstrated increased areas under the curve, indicating accumulation. Dialysis clearance of HB is unlikely. The results suggest significant accumulation of the metabolites in renal failure. Clarification of the clinical importance of the metabolites and toxic plasma levels is required. The effects of haemodialysis on BP and metabolites require further study. A dose of 150 mg bupropion every 3 days in patients receiving haemodialysis is more appropriate than the current manufacturer’s recommendation (in renal impaired patients) of 150 mg daily. A multi-dose study is required.
Steroid metabolism by the chin gland of the male cuis, Galea musteloides.

Summary. Using histochemical and in-vitro biochemical methods, the following steroid enzymes were found in the chin gland of the male cuis: 17 \g=b\-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase, 5-ene-3\g=b\-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 4-ene-5\g=a\-reductase. The chin gland did not metabolize [4-14C]progesterone but it did metabolize a small quantity of [7\g=a\-3H] pregnenolone to progesterone, and readily converted [4-14C]-testosterone into androstenedione and 5\g=a\-androstane-3, 17-dione. These are catabolic products of testosterone. These findings, together with the possible r\l=o^\le of the chin gland in sexual behaviour, may show that sebum has a communicative r\l=o^\le in Galea musteloides and other mammals.
Effects of powdery mildew infection on chloroplast and mitochondrial functions in rubber tree

Powdery mildew (Oidium heveae Steinm.) is one of the most important leaf diseases in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). However, physiological and molecular processes associated with the Hevea-powdery mildew interaction are still unclear. In this study, effects of powdery mildew infection on the mitochondrial and chloroplast functions in rubber tree were comprehensively investigated. Powdery mildew damaged the structure and function of mitochondria prior to chloroplasts, causing inner and outer membranes disruption. The intact rate of mitochondria membrane was reduced from 70% in control leaves to 23.1% in the leaves at 5 days after inoculation (dai). Significant decreases in the activities of cytochrome c oxidase, NADH oxidation and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were observed in the powdery mildew-infected leaves. Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and electron transfer capacity were seriously impaired after powdery mildew invasion. Chlorophyll (Chl) contents, maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and electron transport rate (ETR) were dramatically decreased in the infected leaves from 10 dai. Our results provided new insights into understanding the mechanism of Hevea-powdery mildew interaction in rubber tree.
Evaluation of efficacy of a novel resorbable collagen membrane for root coverage of Miller's Class I and Class II recession in the maxillary anteriors and premolars

Background: There are several surgical techniques in literature that have been used to perform root coverage (RC). Currently, the use of a resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) as a guided tissue regenerative material is one of the highly sought treatment modalities. The present study aimed at evaluating the clinical outcome of RC in the treatment of Miller's Class I and II recession defects in maxillary anteriors and premolars by coronally advanced flap (CAF) with and without RCM. Materials and Methods: This split-mouth study (bilateral buccal recession defects) was randomized to include 15 test (CAF + membrane) and 15 control (CAF alone) sites. Clinical parameters included gingival recession depth (RD), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue height (KTH) measured at baseline and 9 months postoperatively. Results: Both test and control groups showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) reductions in RD (1.54 ± 0.46 mm and 1.60 ± 0.07 mm), PPD (0.53 ± 0.15 mm and 0.94 ± 0.10 mm), increase in KTH (0.67 ± 0.90 mm and 0.73 ± 0.14 mm) and CAL (1.94 ± 0.27 mm and 2.60 ± 0.19 mm) when comparing the 9-month data from baseline. The present study showed that mean improvement in RD was 1.60 ± 0.507 and 1.53 ± 0.64 mm in both test and control groups, respectively. Mean percent RC was 58.33% ±12.19% and 56.22% ±10.22% for test and control groups, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups for RD, PPD, KTH, and CAL. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both the groups CAF (control) and CAF and RCM (test) could be successfully used to treat Miller's Class I and II gingival recession defects and also demonstrated an overall significant improvement in all the assessed clinical parameters. However, there was a greater reduction of gingival RD with the use of RCM when compared with the group of CAF alone.