Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Supplier-Firm-Buyer Framework for Computation and Content Resource Assignment in Wireless Virtual Networks

In recent years, the joint configuration of communication, computing and popular content resources in wireless networks has been gaining an increasing amount of attention to efficiently handle the gigantic data traffic. To effectively manage resources, the network virtualization is deemed as a promising technique in which mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) create virtual slices to serve the requests issued by their subscribed users via obtaining contents and computing abilities from content providers and fog nodes. In this paper, the above MVNO optimization is formulated as an assignment game employing the supplier-firm-buyer game model, which gives the optimal solution of matchings among the contents, computation nodes, MVNOs, and users. Moreover, the existence of the non-empty core of such game is proved, indicating that the proposed framework is stable. In order to obtain the simple practical solution, a distributed suboptimal algorithm of reduced version of three-sided matching with size and cyclic preference (R-TMSC) is adopted. Furthermore, a greedy strategy is proposed to improve the convergence speed as well as performance of the R-TMSC scheme. The simulation results show that compared to the random allocation, a 12.97% increase in average revenue can be reached by solving the supplier-firm-buyer problem, and that the greedy R-TMSC algorithm is able to reach the similar point of the optimal value with a faster speed.
Locally conformal calibrated $G_2$-manifolds

We study conditions for which the mapping torus of a 6-manifold endowed with an $SU(3)$-structure is a locally conformal calibrated $G_2$-manifold, that is, a 7-manifold endowed with a $G_2$-structure $\varphi$ such that $d \varphi = - \theta \wedge \varphi$ for a closed non-vanishing 1-form $\theta$. Moreover, we show that if $(M, \varphi)$ is a compact locally conformal calibrated $G_2$-manifold with $\mathcal{L}_{\theta^{\#}} \varphi =0$, where ${\theta^{\#}}$ is the dual of $\theta$ with respect to the Riemannian metric $g_{\varphi}$ induced by $\varphi$, then $M$ is a fiber bundle over $S^1$ with a coupled $SU(3)$-manifold as fiber.
Identification of an unknown shear force in the Euler–Bernoulli cantilever beam from measured boundary deflection

In this paper, a novel mathematical model and new approach is proposed for identification of an unknown shear force in a system governed by the general form Euler–Bernoulli beam equation , subject to the boundary conditions u(0,t) = ux(0,t) = 0, , , from available boundary observation (measured output data), namely, the measured deflection at x = l. The approach is based on weak solution theory for PDEs, Tikhonov regularization combined with the adjoint method. A uniqueness result for the problem under consideration is proved. The Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator corresponding to the inverse problem is introduced. It is shown that this operator is injective, compact and Lipschitz continuous. The last property allows us to prove an existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse problem. Fréchet differentiability of the Tikhonov functional is also proved. In the case when Tr = 0, an implicit formula for the Fréchet gradient of this functional is derived by making use of the unique solution to corresponding adjoint problem. Furthermore, a class of admissible shear forces in which the Fréchet gradient of the Tikhonov functional is Lipschitz continuous, is derived. Numerical examples with random noisy measured outputs are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Radioactive ^2^6Al and ^6^0Fe in the Milky Way: Implications of the RHESSI detection of ^6^0Fe

The recent detection of gamma-ray lines from radioactive 26 Al and 60 Fe in the Milky Way by the RHESSI satellite calls for a reassessment of the production sites of those nuclides. The observed gamma-ray line flux ratio is in agreement with calculations of nucleosynthesis in massive stars, exploding as SNII (Woosley & Weaver 1995); in the light of those results, this observation would suggest then that SNII are the major sources of 26 Al in the Milky Way, since no other conceivable source produces substantial amounts of 60 Fe. However, more recent theoretical studies find that SNII produce much higher 60 Fe/ 26 Al ratios than previously thought and, therefore, they cannot be the major 26 Al sources in the Galaxy (otherwise 60 Fe would be detected long ago, with a line flux similar to the one of 26 Al). Wolf-Rayet stars, ejecting 26 Al (but not 60 Fe) in their stellar winds, appear then as a most natural candidate. We point out, however, that this scenario faces also an important difficulty. Forthcoming results of ESA's INTEGRAL satellite, as well as consistent calculations of nucleosynthesis in massive stars (including stars of initial masses as high as 100 Mand metallicities up to 3 Z� ), are required to settle the issue.
Interactions of Atomic and Molecular Hydrogen with a Diamond-like Carbon Surface: H2 Formation and Desorption

The interactions of atomic and molecular hydrogen with bare interstellar dust grain surfaces are important for understanding H2 formation at relatively high temperatures (>20 K). We investigate the diffusion of physisorbed H atoms and the desorption energetics of H2 molecules on an amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface. From temperature-programmed desorption experiments with a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) method for H2 detection, the H2 coverage-dependent activation energies for H2 desorption are determined. The activation energies decrease with increasing H2 coverage and are centered at 30 meV with a narrow distribution. Using a combination of photostimulated desorption and REMPI methods, the time variations of the surface number density of H2 following atomic and molecular hydrogen depositions are studied. From these measurements, we show that H2 formation on a DLC surface is quite efficient, even at 20 K. A significant kinetic isotope effect for H2 and D2 recombination reactions suggests that H-atom diffusion on a DLC surface is mediated by quantum mechanical tunneling. In astrophysically relevant conditions, H2 recombination due to physisorbed H-atoms is unlikely to occur at 20 K, suggesting that chemisorbed H atoms might play a role in H2 formation at relatively high temperatures.
3D Design and Collaboration in Massively Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVEs)

The following case describes a set of outcomes from the OpenHabitat1 project, a study exploring the experiences of Art and Design students and tutors engaged in collaborative learning and teaching activities within the Multi-User Virtual Environment (MUVE) Second Life2. OpenHabitat represents a 15-month JISC3 funded project and collaborative partnership between three UK based institutions: University of Oxford, Leeds Metropolitan University and King’s College London. The project has focussed on the extraction of good practices and meaningful design approaches for collaborative and dialogic teaching activities in 3D virtual spaces. The authors of this paper are part of the OpenHabitat ExECutIVE summARY
Machine Learning for Shallow Interpretation of User Utterances in Spoken Dialogue Systems

We investigate to what extent automatic learning techniques can be used for shallow interpretation of user utterances in spoken dialogue systems. This task involves dialogue act classification, shallow understanding and problem detection simultaneously. For this purpose we train both a rule-induction and a memory-based learning algorithm on a large set of surface features obtained by affordable means from an annotated corpus of human-machine dialogues. Using a pseudo-exhaustive search, the parameters of both algorithms are optimized. The shallow interpretation task turns out to be a difficult one, partly since there are 94 types of user answers. The best overall accuracy (exact match) obtained was 73.5%, which is a significant improvement over the baseline. The best average precision and recall for dialogue act classification was 91.2%, for classifying slot types 86.8% and for detecting communication problems 91.0%.
Self-channelisation and levee formation in monodisperse granular flows

Dense granular flows can spontaneously self-channelise by forming a pair of parallel-sided static levees on either side of a central flowing channel. This process prevents lateral spreading and maintains the flow thickness, and hence mobility, enabling the grains to run out considerably further than a spreading flow on shallow slopes. Since levees commonly form in hazardous geophysical mass flows, such as snow avalanches, debris flows, lahars and pyroclastic flows, this has important implications for risk management in mountainous and volcanic regions. In this paper an avalanche model that incorporates frictional hysteresis, as well as depth-averaged viscous terms derived from the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ -rheology, is used to quantitatively model self-channelisation and levee formation. The viscous terms are crucial for determining a smoothly varying steady-state velocity profile across the flowing channel, which has the important property that it does not exert any shear stresses at the levee–channel interfaces. For a fixed mass flux, the resulting boundary value problem for the velocity profile also uniquely determines the width and height of the channel, and the predictions are in very good agreement with existing experimental data for both spherical and angular particles. It is also shown that in the absence of viscous (second-order gradient) terms, the problem degenerates, to produce plug flow in the channel with two frictionless contact discontinuities at the levee–channel margins. Such solutions are not observed in experiments. Moreover, the steady-state inviscid problem lacks a thickness or width selection mechanism and consequently there is no unique solution. The viscous theory is therefore a significant step forward. Fully time-dependent numerical simulations to the viscous model are able to quantitatively capture the process in which the flow self-channelises and show how the levees are initially emplaced behind the flow head. Both experiments and numerical simulations show that the height and width of the channel are not necessarily fixed by these initial values, but respond to changes in the supplied mass flux, allowing narrowing and widening of the channel long after the initial front has passed by. In addition, below a critical mass flux the steady-state solutions become unstable and time-dependent numerical simulations are able to capture the transition to periodic erosion–deposition waves observed in experiments.
Ring Structure and Warp of NGC 5907: Interaction with Dwarf Galaxies

The edge-on, nearby spiral galaxy NGC 5907 has long been used as the prototype of a "noninteracting" warped galaxy. We report here the discovery of two interactions with companion dwarf galaxies that substantially change this picture. First, a faint ring structure is discovered around this galaxy that is likely due to the tidal disruption of a companion dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The ring is elliptical in shape with the center of NGC 5907 close to one of the ring's foci. This suggests that the ring material is in orbit around NGC 5907. No gaseous component to the ring has been detected either with deep Hα images or in Very Large Array H I 21 cm line maps. The visible material in the ring has an integrated luminosity ≤108 L☉, and its brightest part has a color R-I~0.9. All of these properties are consistent with the ring being a tidally disrupted dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Second, we find that NGC 5907 has a dwarf companion galaxy, PGC 54419, which is projected to be only 36.9 kpc from the center of NGC 5907, close in radial velocity (ΔV=45 km s-1) to the giant spiral galaxy. This dwarf is seen at the tip of the H I warp and in the direction of the warp. Hence, NGC 5907 can no longer be considered noninteracting but is obviously interacting with its dwarf companions much as the Milky Way interacts with its dwarf galaxies. These results, coupled with the finding by others that dwarf galaxies tend to be found around giant galaxies, suggest that tidal interaction with companions, even if containing a mere 1% of the mass of the parent galaxy, might be sufficient to excite the warps found in the disks of many large spiral galaxies.
The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XXVIII. Combining the Constraints on the Hubble Constant

Since the launch of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 9 yr ago, Cepheid distances to 25 galaxies have been determined for the purpose of calibrating secondary distance indicators. Eighteen of these have been measured by the HST Key Project team, six by the Supernova Calibration Project, and one independently by Tanvir. Collectively, this work sets out an array of survey markers over the region within 25 Mpc of the Milky Way. A variety of secondary distance indicators can now be calibrated, and the accompanying four papers employ the full set of 25 galaxies to consider the Tully-Fisher relation, the fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies, Type Ia supernovae, and surface brightness fluctuations. When calibrated with Cepheid distances, each of these methods yields a measurement of the Hubble constant and a corresponding measurement uncertainty. We combine these measurements in this paper, together with a model of the velocity field, to yield the best available estimate of the value of H0 within the range of these secondary distance indicators and its uncertainty. The uncertainty in the result is modeled in an extensive simulation we call the "virtual Key Project. " The velocity-field model includes the influence of the Virgo cluster, the Great Attractor, and the Shapley supercluster, but does not play a significant part in determining the result. The result is H0 = 71 ± 6 km s-1 Mpc-1. The largest contributor to the uncertainty of this 67% confidence level result is the distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud, which has been assumed to be 50 ± 3 kpc. This takes up the first 6.5% of our 9% error budget. Other contributors are the photometric calibration of the WFPC2 instrument, which takes up 4.5%, deviations from uniform Hubble flow in the volume sampled (≲2%), the composition sensitivity of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation (4%), and departures from a universal reddening law (~1%). These are the major components that , when combined in quadrature, make up the 9% total uncertainty. If the LMC distance modulus were systematically smaller by 1 σ than that adopted here, the derived value of the Hubble constant would increase by 4 km s-1 Mpc-1. Most of the significant systematic errors are capable of amelioration in future work. These include the uncertainty in the photometric calibration of WFPC2, the LMC distance, and the reddening correction. A NICMOS study is in its preliminary reduction phase, addressing the last of these concerns. Various empirical analyses have suggested that Cepheid distance moduli are affected by metallicity differences. If we adopted the composition sensitivity obtained in the Key Project's study of M101, and employed the oxygen abundances measured spectroscopically in each of the Cepheid fields we have studied, the value of the Hubble constant would be reduced by 4% ± 2% to 68 ± 6 km s-1 Mpc-1.
A new approach for digital image watermarking to predict optimal blocks using artificial neural networks

In this paper, we propose a novel nonblind digital image watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. This robust scheme takes advantage of artificial neural networks for selecting suitable image blocks in which the watermark signal can be embedded. Local characteristics of the blocks such as luminance and texture sensitivity are the main criteria that the selections are based on. Generally, selection is based on a prediction of the results with the objective of transparency and watermark resilience. In other words, before embedding the water mark signal, it is estimated which blocks would be the best for embedding the signals to achieve the desired robustness and quality. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of the transparency of the images as well as robustness under various kinds of attacks.
Lexical Cohesive Devices in Arab Students' Academic Writing: Implications for Teaching Vocabulary

A Master of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) by Nevine Kamal El-Gazzar Entitled, "Lexical Cohesive Devices in Arab Students' Academic Writing: Implications for Teaching Vocabulary," May 2006. Thesis Advisor is Dr. Fatima Badry. Available are both Soft and Hard Copies of the Thesis.
Adaptive dynamic surface control using disturbance observer for nonlinear systems with input saturation and output constraints

ABSTRACT An adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) approach using fuzzy approximation and nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) for uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of input saturation, output constraint and unknown external disturbances is proposed in this paper. The issue of input saturation is addressed by introducing a lower bound assumption on the approximation function of saturation. The output constraint is handled by introducing an appropriate barried Lyapunov function. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is employed to estimate the unknown unmatched disturbances. It is manifested that the ultimately bounded convergence of all the variables in the closed-loop system is guaranteed and the tracking error can be made farely small by tuning the design parameters. Finally, two simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
NEWEPSO - New developments and testing of EPSO and DEEPSO

O presente trabalho pretende desenvolver o algoritmo atual do EPSO, Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization, procurando novas variantes do mesmo, com vista a maior eficiencia computacional do mesmo, sem perder a capacidade de resolucao de problemas complexos de otimizacao. Desta feita, sao duas novas variantes que serao apresentadas ao longo deste trabalho.
THE KECK + MAGELLAN SURVEY FOR LYMAN LIMIT ABSORPTION. II. A CASE STUDY ON METALLICITY VARIATIONS

We present an absorption line analysis of the Lyman limit system (LLS) at z ≈ 3.55 in our Magellan/MIKE spectrum of PKS2000 − 330. Our analysis of the Lyman limit and full H i Lyman series constrains the total H i column density of the LLS (NH i = 1018.0 ± 0.25 cm-2 for bH i ⩾ 20 km s-1) and also the NH i values of the velocity subsystems comprising the absorber. We measure ionic column densities for metal-line transitions associated with the subsystems and use these values to constrain the ionization state (>90% ionized) and relative abundances of the gas. We find an order of magnitude dispersion in the metallicities of the subsystems, marking the first detailed analysis of metallicity variations in an optically thick absorber. The results indicate that metals are not well mixed within the gas surrounding high z galaxies. Assuming a single-phase photoionization model, we also derive an NH-weighted metallicity, 〈[Si/H]〉 = −1.66 ± 0.25, which matches the mean metallicity in the neutral interstellar medium in high z damped Lyα systems (DLAs). Because the line density of LLSs is over 10× higher than the DLAs, we propose that the former dominate the metal mass–density at z ∼ 3 and that these metals reside in the galaxy/intergalactic medium interface. Considerations of a multi-phase model do not qualitatively change these conclusions. Finally, we comment on an anomalously large O0/Si+ ratio in the LLS that suggests an ionizing radiation field dominated by soft UV sources (e.g., a starburst galaxy). Additional abundance analysis is performed on the super-LLS systems at z ≈ 3.19.
Research Methods A Process Of Inquiry

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Combinatorial observation ionospheric characteristics during tropical cyclone Debbie passing eastern Australia in 2017 using GPS and ion sounder

Abstract. The ionospheric morphology responses to tropical cyclone passing over eastern Australia, named as DEBBIE in 2017, is investigated using Global Positioning System (GPS) Slant Total Electron Content (STEC), GPS ionospheric scintillation S4 index and ionospheric characteristics by High Frequency (HF) radio. Based on the data analysis in this study, some significant morphological characteristics of ionospheric responses to tropical cyclone Debbie are identified as follows: a) As the GPS satellites PRN01 and PRN11 were passing above typhoon center, their ROTI (Rate of STEC index) is obviously increased. b) The S4 intensity of the GPS ionospheric scintillation is significantly enhanced on March 27, which mostly concentrate around tropical cyclone center and distribute over the region within 18 °S-25 °S. c) The stronger enhancement of f0F1 and f0F2 was observed by High Frequency at Townsville on March 28, when the distance between Townsville and the center of tropical cyclone Debbie was shorter. Regarding the coupling mechanism between the ionospheric disturbance and the tropical cyclone, it is suspected that the electric field perturbations due to turbulent top movement from tropical cyclones might generate ionospheric irregularity and disturbance. To a certain extent, some ionospheric irregularities can further produce bubbles.
Wideband Vector Antenna for Dual-Polarized and Three-Dimensional Direction-Finding Applications

A wideband and reconfigurable radiation pattern vector antenna is proposed for dual-polarized and three-dimensional direction-finding applications. Compared with the state of the art, this antenna achieves the accurate estimation of the direction of arrival of an incoming vertically or horizontally polarized electromagnetic field over a wider bandwidth (7:1). Measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated results obtained from full-wave electromagnetic simulations.
A Normal Paracontact Metric Manifold Satisfying Some Conditions on the $M$-Projective Curvature Tensor

In the present paper we have studied the curvature tensors of a normal paracontact metric manifold satisfying the conditions $R(\xi,Y)W^{*}=0$, $W^{*}(\xi,Y)R=0$, $W^{*}(\xi,Y)\widetilde{Z}=0$, $W^{*}(\xi,Y)S=0$ and $W^{*}(\xi,Y)\widetilde{C}=0$, where $W^{*}$,$R$, $S$, $\widetilde{Z}$ and $\widetilde{C}$ are the $M$-projective curvature, Riemannian curvature, Ricci, concircular curvature and quasi-conformal curvature tensor, respectively.