Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validating in the Mathematics Classroom.

The focus of this report is on the process of resolution of a task; specifically, on the validation of the mathematical model proposed by a group of students and the numerical result that is constructed within this model. Habermas’ construct of rational behavior is used to describe validity conditions that emerge and are used by the students as means for validation. We take a classroom episode from a design experiment to examine how the emergence of these conditions points to a socially constituted mathematical epistemology in the secondary school mathematics classroom, to shared and tacit principles of the didactic contract concerning the knowledge there, and to non-mathematical references that are taken for granted.
L 1 VOWELS OF MULTILINGUALS : THE APPLICABILITY OF SLM

Although L1 has been treated as a rigid system which is more likely to act as a sender than a receiver of CLI in bilinguals and multilinguals, recent studies have provided some evidence of the influence of both L2 and L3 on L1. The study is aimed at shedding further light on how Lns can influence the native language and how these changes can be explained by means of the Speech Learning Model. The first and second formant of L1 Polish vowels of three groups of multilinguals were compared. Evidence of a systemic influence of L2 on L1 was observed in the raising and backing of L1 Polish vowels due to L2 English and lowering and backing or fronting of L1 Polish vowels due to L2 German. No systemic influence of L3 on L1 was observed. The predictions derived from equivalence classification of SLM were tested for the Polish vowel /ɛ/ and the closest vowels from Lns. The majority of predictions regarding the convergence or divergence of the particular diaphone were supported by the data.
BANK INTERMEDIATION AND RISK-TAKING IN AFRICA : DOES PROTECTION OF CREDITOR RIGHTS MATTER ?

This paper investigates whether and how the institutional setting for protection of creditor rights impacts on development of the credit market. An integrated analytical model is specified to show how banks‟ portfolio decisions, between loans and other earning assets, depend on: risk and return; bank-specific elasticity of supply; and operating costs. The model is augmented with various metrics, which proxy the institutional setting for protection of creditor rights, and is estimated and tested on an unbalanced three-dimensional dataset of banks in 20 African countries for 1995-2008. It is found that three specific metrics induce banks to allocate a high proportion of their earning assets to loans: better enforceability of legal rights; higher level legal codes for creditors; and availability of information sharing among banks. However, the three metrics appear to work through different channels. The enforceability of legal rights works not only through mitigating credit risks, but also through a composite effect of market competition and lower costs of information acquisition and contract enforcement. The legal codes metric and information sharing metric exclusively rely on the composite effect. Correspondence to: Tianshu Zhao Department of Economics University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA UK E-mail: Tianshu.zhao@stir.ac. uk
Human-to-Dog Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

1328 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc. gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2009 queries for influenza-like illness and acute diarrhea and the incidences of these diseases; the peak of the time series of Google queries occurred at the same time as that of the disease incidences. The best query for chickenpox had a 1-week lag, i.e., was 1 week behind the incidence time series. In conclusion, for each of 3 infectious diseases, 1 well-chosen query was sufficient to provide time series of searches highly correlated with incidence. We have shown the utility of an Internet search engine query data for surveillance of acute diarrhea and chickenpox in a non–English-speaking country. Thus, the ability of Internet search-engine query data to predict influenza in the United States presented by Ginsberg et al. (3) appears to have a broader application for surveillance of other infectious diseases in other countries.
TM PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEGYLATED FORM OF RECOMBINANT L-ASPARAGINASE II FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI

The anti-leukemia, L-Asparagnase II (L-ASP) causes hypersensitivity reactions by forming neutralising antibodies. One of the approaches to minimise hypersensitivity of L-ASP is to modify biological and physicochemical properties without changing its activity. Thus, the present study was aimed to PEGylation of recombinant L-ASP from Escherichia coli. L-ASP was PEGylated and was purified on Q-Sepharose column. Purity of PEGylated L-Asp was found to be 100% with enzyme activity of 250± 3.4 IU. In conclusion, the PEGylation was successfully achieved with high pure enzyme.
1 MS-based approaches enable the structural 2 characterization of transcription factor / DNA 3 response element complex 4

The limited information available on the structure of complexes involving transcription 14 factors and cognate DNA response elements represents a major obstacle in the quest to understand 15 their mechanism of action at the molecular level. We implemented a concerted structural 16 proteomics approach, which combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), quantitative 17 protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid cross-linking (XL), and homology analysis, to model the 18 structure of the complex between the full-length DNA binding domain (DBD) of FOXO4 and its 19 DNA binding element (DBE). The results confirmed that FOXO4-DBD assumes the characteristic 20 forkhead topology shared by these types of transcription factors, but its binding mode differs 21 significantly from those of other members of the family. The results showed that the binding 22 interaction stabilized regions that were rather flexible and disordered in the unbound form. 23 Surprisingly, the conformational effects were not limited only to the interface between bound 24 components but extended also to distal regions that may be essential to recruiting additional 25 factors to the transcription machinery. In addition to providing valuable new insights into the 26 binding mechanism, this project provided an excellent evaluation of the merits of structural 27 proteomics approaches in the investigation of systems that arematerial not directly amenable to 28 traditional high-resolution techniques. 29
On the Pricing Role of Idiosyncratic Risk

Total idiosyncratic risk is commonly used to test the pricing role of idiosyncratic risk. However, theory suggests that only the undiversified idiosyncratic risk component should matter. When such a component is economically important in pricing but small in magnitude relative to total idiosyncratic risk, the conventional test has low statistical power to reject the null hypothesis that idiosyncratic risk does not matter due to the large non-priced noise component. We propose a simple regression-based method in the time-series test, which can substantially improve test power while sacrificing little in test size. Based on the new approach, we provide evidence that strongly supports a significantly positive relation between aggregate undiversified idiosyncratic risk and future market excess returns. In fact, at least 4% of the market excess returns can be explained by market risk and the priced component of aggregate total idiosyncratic risk. Extensive robustness study confirms that the pricing effect of aggregate undiversified idiosyncratic risk is pervasive and cannot be attributed to plausible sources of systematic risk, state variables, or microstructure noises.
ONE Function for the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and General AI: Consistency Curation

Control is essential in all complex systems serving any purpose, and cognitive control is claimed to fill a pivotal role for the cognition of natural agents. The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) is a neural structure, widely believed to be involved in cognitive control. In the human brain, the ACC undoubtedly takes a center position and features several peculiarities. It has been implicated in a wide range of tasks ranging from sensing pain and autonomic regulation to high-level executive functions like error monitoring and abstract control. A sketch how this seemingly irreconcilable plurality can be understood as manifestations of only one general process working in diverse contexts on different content is presented and also how this constitutes evidence for a specific cognitive architecture. Going beyond extant proposals for ACC function, the here presented one recommends an embedding into a very general overarching model of cognition. Discrepancy monitoring highlights deviations between predictions derived from memory content and current activations. A process doing this has recently been proposed as central to the 'Ouroboros Model' under the title of 'consumption analysis'. It is claimed that ONE functional account centered on consistency checking and, based thereupon, the overall minimization of discrepancies ("consistency curation and cultivation”) can parsimoniously explain the plentitude of reported observations for the ACC, thus shedding new light on the neural computations, which form the foundations of cognition and, finally, consciousness. A specific "natural" reconciliation of various current conceptualizations and theoretical models is offered, which points out promising directions for future modelling efforts and attempts to harness the findings generally for artificial intelligence.
Innovative start-up patenting : a new approach towards identification and determinants

There already exists broad literature investigating small and innovative firms in many respects. However, there have been few attempts to assess this group of firms? propensity to patent or its patenting activities. This paper intends to fill that gap. By applying a new approach to account for young and innovative companies? patents, this paper avoids an undercounting of small firm patenting, which has been a feature of most of the earlier studies. A data set is used that comprises information on R&D, capital stock, state promotion etc for 534 Thuringian firms in their first three business years. The results of the zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis suggest that patenting is an activity of science-oriented, cooperative young firms that are conducting R&D even before the firm has been launched.
VALUE RELEVANCE OF GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BASED ON ENTITY VERSUS PARENT COMPANY THEORY : EVIDENCE FROM THE LARGEST THREE EUROPEAN CAPITAL MARKETS

Financial statements’ main objective is to give information on the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of the reporting entity, which is useful to investors and other users in making economic decisions. In order to be useful, financial information needs to be relevant to the decision-making process of users in general, and investors in particular. Regarding consolidated financial statements, the accounting theory knows four perspectives (theories) on which the preparation of those statements is based, namely, the proprietary theory, the parent company theory, the parent company extension theory and the entity theory (Baxter and Spinney, 1975). Of practical importance are especially the parent company extension perspective and the entity perspective. The IASB and FASB decided (within an ED regarding the Improvement of the Conceptual Framework) that consolidated financial statements should be presented from the perspective of the group entity, and not from the perspective of the parentcompany. However, this support for the entity theory is to our knowledge not backed by empirical findings in the academic literature. Therefore, in our paper we set to contribute with empirical arguments to finding an actual answer to the question about the superior market value relevance of one of the two concurrent perspectives (theories). We set to carry out an empirical association study on the problem of market value relevance of consolidated financial statements based on the entity theory respectively on the parent company (extension) theory, searching for an answer to the above question. In this sense, we pursued an analysis of market value relevance of consolidated accounting information (based on the two perspectives) of listed entities between 2003-2008 on the largest three European Stock Exchanges (London, Paris and Frankfurt). The obtained results showed that a „restrained” entity perspective, which would combine elements of entity theory (by focusing on the whole group equity) and elements of parent company extension theory (by focusing on income corresponding to majority interest), would have a superior relevance compared to the classical versions of the two mentioned perspectives.
Genetic characterization of Haemonchus contortus from slaughtered goats in Cha-am District , Phetchaburi Province , Thailand

Haemonchus contortus is a gastro-intestinal parasite. The parasites were collected from the abomasum of 30 slaughtered goats from a local slaughterhouse in Cha-am District, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Co-infection of H. contortus and H. placei was found in 24 goats. The prevalence of H. contortus was 80% while H. placei was 86. 67% . This study determined the genetic variation using 20 H. contortus samples for amplification and sequencing that used the internaltranscribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) and nicotine amide dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nd4) gene. The nucleotide sequence analysis revealed 9 genotypes (ITS-2) and 19 haplotypes (nd4) among 20 and 19 samples, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis using both ITS-2 and nd4 sequences showed a close relationship within the H. contortus population in this area. Since haemonchosis in goats is still a serious problem which causes economic losses, knowledge on the genetic variation of H. contortus in Thailand may have implications for epidemiology and further parasite control programs.
The Public Manager in 2010: Managing Public Sector Networked Organizations

The authors argue that we are in the age of the networked society. Lying between the governance structures of markets and hierarchies, networks have emerged as an organizational form which seeks to confront many of the ‘wicked problems’ faced by public and private organizations. While the precise architecture of networks remains vague, much is claimed for them in terms of their potential contribution to adding value and enhancing performance. This article explores the use of networks in the delivery of public services and the problems and issues that arise for their management. Public service managers need to be aware of the costs and benefits of alternative network architectures and how these might be actively managed. The treatment of public sector networks here is also intended to contribute to the current debate on ‘joined-up’ government.
Initial experience in laparoscopic bilateral inguinal hernia repair ( TEP ) 9 with new anatomical mesh with large pore and low weight ( Dynamesh Endolap ) in short stay ( 6 months follow-up )

Day Surgery is fast becoming an option for Surgeons when admitting Emergency/Trauma patients who require surgical intervention. By developing a pathway for this process, patient satisfaction may be improved, and there may be more efficient planning of Emergency/ Trauma lists with a reduction in length of stay. Following a retrospective audit, identifying potential patients who would have been suitable for emergency day surgery, a new trauma pathway was implemented in Withybush Hospital, a small district hospital in West Wales.
Malaysia Stock Price and Macroeconomic Variables: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test

This study examines the response of the Malaysian stock market on selected macroeconomic variables, namely industrial production, inflation, money supply (M1), interest rate and exchange rate over the period 1980: Q1 to 2011: Q3. By using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test, this study documented the presence of a long-run relationship between share prices and economic activity. The long-run coefficients suggest that Malaysian share prices are influenced positively by money supply and interest rates, and negatively by inflation. The results from the error correction mechanism indicate that real returns are Granger caused by real money growth and real interest rates. When the exchange rate is included in the estimation, significant relationship has been observed and this implies that exchange rate fluctuations can cause movement in stock prices. This study reveals that the exchange rate is a proper determinant that has explanatory power over stock returns. From the policy perspective, the results suggest that, monetary policies aimed at stabilizing inflation can impact the stock market positively. Since the movement of stock market is highly elastic to inflation, the relationship needs to be taken into account in developing policy for the benefit of the Malaysian economy.
Greece ’ s healthcare system and the crisis : a case study in the struggle for a capable welfare state

Este artigo analisa o impacto das políticas restritivas ditadas pela Troika no sistema de saúde grego. A maioria das medidas introduzidas durante a primeira fase das reformas (2010-2014) foram medidas de consolidação fiscal resultantes do aumento das barreiras ao acesso aos serviços de saúde e uma deterioração da saúde da população. Políticas que tendencialmente promoveriam as metas do sistema de saúde tais como cobertura universal, aquisição estratégica, avaliação da inovação tecnológica, medidas de saúde pública, mudança de internamento para cuidados em ambulatório, integração e coordenação de cuidados de saúde primários e secundários foram negligenciadas, enquanto que outras, por exemplo, a Organização Nacional para a Prestação dos Serviços de Saúde, a Rede Nacional de Cuidados Primários de Saúde e grupos de diagnóstico homogéneos (GDH) na versão grega, não foram bem planeadas nem implementadas devido aos exigentes objetivos reformistas e aos prazos impostos pelos memorandos. Embora depois de 2015 estes assuntos negligenciados tenham passado a constar como prioridades da agenda da política de saúde, outros continuam a necessitar de uma melhor abordagem em relação à abrangência do seguro social de saúde, a adequação do financiamento público da saúde, o desenvolvimento de um mecanismo de alocação de recursos, a reorganização do setor hospitalar, o desenvolvimento da medicina física e de reabilitação, os cuidados continuados e paliativos e o reforço dos serviços públicos de saúde. Usando o sistema de saúde como um estudo de caso, defendemos que “fortes” mecanismos de europeização caracterizados por austeridade fiscal e desvalorização interna resultam na retração do sistema público de saúde grego.
Ethnicity in corporate governance research: a Malaysian lens

Based on the analysis of research papers that have cited Haniffa and Cooke (2002), this study investigates the rationality behind Haniffa and Cooke, and the usefulness of this study in advancing the knowledge of the impact of ethnic diversity on corporate governance, within a Malaysian context. This study is based on literature reviews and citation analysis. There are problems in any tendency towards overgeneralisation and simplification of conclusions based on a simple ethnic dichotomy in mainstream accounting research. This paper delineates the richness of Malaysian culture, and illustrated problems around the operationalisation of an ethnic ‘division’ in that context. There are some limitations from the mono-jurisdictional analysis, and its use of surnames as proxies for ethnicity in a country which offers a fusion of many ethnicities. The review sends a note of caution to those extrapolating from ethnic stereotypes to assumptions about corporate governance behaviours. The originality of this study is the unique analysis (compare and contrast) of a limited number of research outputs when ‘ethnicity-by-surname’ is deemed a ‘variable’ in quality of corporate governance or audit risk.
Control Study with the Statistical Predictive Modeling of Child Burn in Pakistan

In any country children are the precious asset and burns are targeting them usually in low income country regions so there is pressing need for some kind of predictive modeling to prevent the children from burning. This study aims to find out about the Risk Estimates of each factor, fitting of Conditional Logistic model along with the predicted probabilities for different choices of each Risk Factor. Simple random samples of 100 cases and 100 age and gender matched controls were selected from the Burn Unit and Pediatric OPD of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. It is found that males are at high risk of getting a burn injury 1.291 times more than females; children of last or high birth order are at risk of 1.222 times more than others; a child with ≤4 number of siblings has risk of burn 1.545 times more; if the child is cared by other persons, then it increase the risk by 2.042 times more; illiterate mother (1.556 times more), children that do not go to school (1.390 times more), low income occupation of father (1.430 times) rural residence (1.35 times), rented house (1.364 times), kitchen burden (1.176 times), joint family system (1.128 times), poor living standard (3.026 times), mother pregnancy (2.345 times), no past burn experience (6.192 times) will increase the risk of burning of any child with high Odds Ratios. Conditional Logistic model reported 7 variables as significant and gave best fit to it; residence (rural), house status (rented), availability of kitchen (no), living standard (poor), use of heating device (no use), availability of conveyance (no), past burn (no), all these socioeconomic factors have p-value <0.10 and they have strong significant association with child burning. ____________________________________________________ 1 Chairman and Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Government College University, Lahore. 2 Assistant Professor of Biostatistics at Gulab Devi Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. 3 B.S. Hons. (Statistics) Student, Department of Statistics, Government College University, Lahore. 4 Research Coordinator, Statistical Consultancy and Training Center, Lahore. Jaffer Hussain, Asif Hanif , Humera Ameer Ali and Tahira Ashraf _______________________________________________________________________ 14
Studies on genetic variability , heritability and genetic advance in turmeric ( Curcuma longa L . )

An experiment was conducted with 80 turmeric genotypes for 12 characters to know the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in turmeric. The present investigation found genetic variation for various traits in turmeric. Analysis of variance showed that checks were highly significant difference in relation to all phenotypic characters. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher in magnitude than genotypic coefficient of variation. The maximum phenotypic coefficient of variations were estimated for weight of primary rhizome per plant (13.83%) followed by number of tertiary rhizome (12.38%), TSS percent (12.21%), weight of mother rhizome (10.87%), number of leaves per plant (9.555%) and number of primary rhizome per plant (8.601). Heritability estimates were high for dry matter percent (98.5%) followed by weight of primary rhizome per plant (96.6%), weight of mother rhizome (93.2%), number of secondary rhizome per plant (92.5%), number of tertiary rhizome per plant (89.4%), number of leaves per plant (82.6), and number of primary rhizome per plant (80.8%). The genetic advance percent of mean was highest for weight of primary rhizome per plant (27.53%) followed by number of tertiary rhizome per plant, weight of mother rhizome, moderate in case of number of leaves per plant, dry matter percent, number of primary rhizome per plant, number of secondary rhizome per plant, rhizome yield q/ha, TSS percent, weight of fresh rhizome per plant, low in case of number of tillers per clump and plant height.